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켧ԭָ飩
ߣѩѩ

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÷꼾磬ҲࡣҲϲ죬ÿʱȾ۵ģʱˮܺۡ
ԽԽ󣬱ˮֽɡĴ£ͷʪ˴ƬɡҲˡɡ߽У˲ĿǺָܿ£ߺ··Ѽֲ֡
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ҲѩصҲ̰ԵģҲСؼҺҸôظò£ֻҿĵһֿڡ
룬룬Ҳ֪֪

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Ҳ͵ܵһ𼷹ѣСļһԼӲҪ˵׳
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˼׼ɻȥԽץҴĿСȳǣŴ١
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ѩһö춼ˣѩԽԽЩ᲻áŵ糿СײҺСȳšǰԺѩ̣ȻҴǡ
ɶĴھȻ֪ƨɶң͵һţһѩǸ۰СȳҲȶѩҵߣڳûǿ˷ˣҲѵǡСȳţҪëӣڣȣ˵˹ⲻӴ
Ŵ򿪣ڵ˾ȵؿҡ֪ھʲôҵȻ˵ҲҲ˵ǺСȳǽôֻǲ˵ֻǶ˵ˡ

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ҲһԹ緹ұɽҵĶļһǶܣǸļһ
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ѲзġһѧԷѲϵȥ߱ҲûҵĲֻϡûɣ·үҲ۸ңưõƵҰͣ˻ͷȥѲаͭӶڰ¡ҿˣҴ󵨵ͭǮڶȥ񣬸ٴΡ˰Ǯ
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һǸһֱۣ˦ͷ͵һƣءǣûԱôһëһƾվȵ֣ǵôҺۣ

ϣȥҾͿԲһŴ
ϵΪаۻĶҴøɸɾһоԼжƵġ
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۵ļһұһŵ˻ȥҼл裬ɤ˸첲ջѵ˻ûͷȥô
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ŭĿһ˺һεЦţҲ֪ôˣǰҲûô˷ܣһؾһԺĶ
۲ϡҡһ֧˵˵Ҫһקŵɡ
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ѽһ⻨֦ҵϣҷע˵ģں÷֦¿桭ް޵ĲǺ÷֦ɫ佫ĵøѩ׾ӨƤ⡭Ƥۣ̲סһĭܾûմζѽһʹϣ۵Ҵ
Ѳֹŭһ˿ŵĻȻѽֻ̿ˮѳԵġ
ʹȻޣ¶йԵɱҾȷˡ𼸿һһ߳ȥӭ˳µŤһšֲ飬ҲʱۣȴЦŵġ
Ҳ֪ҼһʲôݵĺӡΡľֹ֣һжʾĲƽҴͻСѱһ˺Χסøߺô׺ˣҲóȻ
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ԭΪЩľˣллģ֪Ҳϲŭ֡
Ҹطһо߳һŮӣȹ䲻ɱȴԱҵķ˸úÿ䳤խƵƣ߻žϸĻ壬ȹҷŲʧҴδϵǮ˼С㴩ÿȻĺôʲôÿǳģ
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Ůһüűһߴ򻷹ڣƺʲôµĶͻȻɫӣкӣವذγһѩĶ̵
ۼҪС˦һͦסСǺӣҲû͵
ӥӣڹкӣ֡
һֱͷעﻹˣһῡͦӺһͷ׵ߣ˹࣬¹ҪһЩߴԼӻŮզƳһ۱ؾص׶
խСݼô˸ŲŵĵطûˣСȳǼôҲ֪ôҲе¡
˵ۿǵǽϵЩ˲ɷǵҲһѿĵӾҲˣϲʹߵӲ׶ֻޱؿңȴоһѼѪĽֻҪԶһ˿ǽͻжĲӡ
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﷼һӴƾĬʵ
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ŮϷʵû֣Ůò֣
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ǣǣҲŮҲǣ֣ҽ飬顭ǰҹҹ˿޺
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۷ԼһҡεСռסʹĺԭ
ܱǸɽ̫ˡ
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ŵСȳţôҴһֽϵϵӣڻתͷŴ⣬ӿڵɽϣôо˯ȥܾˡ
˿ҵɻ󣬽˵̫Щµ飬̡
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ЩҵĳƬ̾Ϣȫ⣬ֻӥࡣ
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ĨҲ˵ǶԵģǼӦͷȥѰˣǶǶ뿪
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ǰͷһƲĺľ֮ǰİ¡ŮڵŮң䳵м˴ѾС˲ʱظˮСѾͷҲǰȴרڳ￴ҵģˣǰ󲻻ôഩ׵ܵõ
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˻𣿲˻治ܴ̹߳Լľ͸ˡ
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ֱҧµĳӡ°ͱһ飬ⷢãֻǲҴŴںССҡƺƵĻҶֻҪһʣʣڼǡľˣΪʲôССҪ󶼲?
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ЦҡͷŴ⵹˵Զɽĵ˵ƺ̫⡣
ǰ⣬˭ߣȥĶʲôӣжء޸ƼĲǻȥ
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СȳţҺһСȳӳצӡҳûʻеڵϴ˸ͳ෴ȥ
ϹܵĽӭϼ۵ȴʱ챻͵һᣬǰһת¾ͱһӶӡϵõϵ˫ѥӣЬһ̣߰ЩʱҲϵĽӡǸɽĸߴˡ
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ǵģڣС׺СңҲˣҲȥˡȥ׷ѰӰ뿴һСȳϤף˶ѡ
ǰţؾĶǷĳ򣬵Щν֮ҲֻбļСʳǣתȴһȺݹ᾵ˣЩסСϵ֮С򡭡
ƵһȻעĿΪ˰ȫҹ˯ֻżʪŻס⡣
һڿֻܻ̱ڳÿۼֻͬһӺһչʳѾߺ㣬û뵽ҾȻҲᱻźСȳţһһֱûֹΪûͷץץ˺֣⼸յˣ˽ѵѵҲãҴǰ軵Ӧ֪жһԼҲǸ
һµ۳ĥڵĿĵءδΰĳţҲ̽ȥļĻǺӣʮɸߵĳǽɶߵľ޴ԼһߺȣҪ˲ܰƶ򿪹ϡһصһϷҶϵ֣
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ͷұ㿪ʼ𷿼İ裬ҲأҴǰסĵطӼֱԳʹϸǵ廨Ҳ֪Ҫֵ־һѲ´߳Сţݲ˱˳ȥˣһˣѲԼϵģ
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ȻûгԷȨֻûţűȽϲ˯ҲͲˡһڽ̸һ˵ҪʾСҷԣҸҪϲһѵô¶ˣ˯
Ժ֮˽С۴ؿŴʶһıŵ˷ζ˲߳˸ղŵŮӣһͷΡ׹ȹµŮˣͷ֮ϡ
ԴҪǲŽҡŮѵˣתǿһЦݣŰɡ
һһû뵽õĴҲȻ˵һ֪˿ţһЩȻǵɴ۾
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ֻųԱҵҡͷԼǾɫ˳ҸæͷȥǷһֱҳһڣСŽſСѾͷ꣬뿪ǰݺݵŮӶǡСտ
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֪Ȼ˵֪ǰȥżߣ㡭ǻң
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ֻǣӺѹůÿ춼һһȸͷɹҾΪԼһԺĴϡ
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ʱ֣ݶֻУʰɨԽ̸йҵ¶̲סƵǽš
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˵ĺܿ٣һͱŮѡ
´һӾ߶ݣйζˮ̵£е³³ֱһڣιһִζˮꡣһʪŮ̫ΪҲϴţҲŽΣǿ׺ͶҲûŹвӺ֡ױǰŮһΪͷһκվڱϡ
ˣ㿴⡭ͷŮһصͷ֪Ǻá
һ죬ǣ˵ôŪģ
յġС˵ոǱĻյġ
ûҵĻסͷӣ߶ţ⣬ղ˵Ĺȥгкβ͵
Ҫб̵ҲƽȥŮ顣
㿴Ű졣
ãӡҡн仨ȫͷҶͭ֪㲻ֻҵͷ廨󣬿ҪסˡͷԺױ֮ǰȵùϸϸعţ۵ֱỨͷۣۡһֱ͵ǽûһ۾ͱקһװһ޵Ҫ˴Ų֪Ҫ
հѷȵĶһſڴУҵ죬ѹ̫Ҫҹһơüͷ۵ظŶŮ˳ˣȫҳˡ
죬Ҿͦá
ͦãԸ硣ӣ𣿡
Ȼ򣬡ҲǣòҪá
̲ɾһصͷ£ٸɡüһԸͷɢͷֻ鶯ָ˼±Ѽͷ̳һصͷϱһɵ裬ͷָԺŪһһ߶ʲŵ黨ˡһͭԺ밸ͷϵĶգҿЩ
ɻ⣿
ҵͷͷпһ仨ɵ֡
ȹǸղŵĴһҷĻ£ֳϥǣ콻бɫ廨һɫɵĻδϵഹӣǰ˼
ЩƲ
üһЦСģСΪǿ

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üͼѾߵͬ³ͥԺĻ԰֪ܳʮ߳԰һеӵ͸һؼежӵĿʿѵȺڴ,һԼֲ֡ͷһ۴߸ǽʳߣٶ࿴㱻˳ٴҹȻǲγġ
֪˵ġϡжҹһӣΪĿĵأ˭ֱ֪ˡӣ
ܶģηߣʹֻһ߶ȣ˫˶һſץסߵˡŵ˶ĵͷת򣬸Ͻ̧ͷһ̧Ϳǰһ
Ŀ⼱׷ȥҲңһֱͬٶһǰһ󣬲ô쳤ҲֻüĲ档һѾܺÿ˵ĵطÿ˶һģµССѾͷüģ˼ҳģԽǸ˼Խúá
һϡȫҽвĶͷǰһţ߸ǶСڣɫֱǰɫİǻŻţϡҵÿһɶأһޱȡ
ͻȻתͷֹμ׾Ƿ߸ӲǱ˲òԼı΢ȥð
ҡңסָһĿڣ̫˵ע⡣תͷֱֱϣûҸˡȣüǷŭܴķŭһɼܵʱҪŭ
ͷеʹͷͷĵ档ʱͣˡ
ǰǺĵãݻȥǻ谵һƬǻһ˸еηȴ
ǰüһסң˵Ȼ˵ʲôʲô㶼ֻپվţǧǵã
־ܴ󾾵Ҹ첲ۣæͷپʲô˲ŻΪ
ü㣬پ
ſڣδӭ̫ãޱؿű־ϹƵߣķŭһղšһߣһ꣬ΪʲôţΧ˸ǰȰ˵
ô£ѵ¶ûپʵ
üüǣپ˵ġСЩ£Ǻˣܲǣǵǣɡ
ã̫۽Ƴһۣһӳ롯ƣپ
ͻȻĿͶң󲽿߹ϥǵżڡҳü˼ؿңЩЩܱܲȥġ
ȥжʮˣǵķñٵģĹҲ佫ֻٷɫʽ廨źܲͳһĶͬһĹ
üｫ͵˳ȥü˵һ̫һɽȻѡɽߣȻ˳ȥҲ£̫޶ˡ
ʮ׵ľߵúܳ˭һȺǶסҲ׶ɱ̰Щ￴ǵԡ
ߵپǰҲվ߿ɽ̫ûиλã֮϶Ҳ㹻Сҡһؿǰһȵ°ڣһµ˵ڽűߣʱһƬȻϥǿĵһʱһ˫ȴַסҽһУվֻ־ŭֺݺݰҾţһԵ̫ȴ׶Ц
켧ѡ񣿡˸ʵ
Žվ⻰Ҳû˵Ȼ⻰˼Ƿ켧ѡѡݵĺΪ֮
Լ˵˲õĻڵһۣ˵һԣֵλǣ
һˣٵ³֣Ů
Ůءü˵ˣʲôֻҪվžСվɷڵ£о˱ӻͷĲҲƽϢԶ⣬Ļţ뿴۲ʱտյԴʲôҲ룬ȵ졢ǰ۾ѹȥ˴죬Щұ˴ʱġ
ף̫ɽҲң
ع伸Σ
ʻҧгݣµ˽ŭݣԼ仰ظ˺ü飬̫ʾһش𡣿ңҪλش𡭡
֪
һʱž̫ۺ֮ɫ켧ˣȻû˵ϣԡ֪õĻش̫Ϊǹô˵ģǣĲ֪һʱѲ֣кη̸
ЩҪʲôΪʲôҪվΪʲôҪЩҲȥֻ뿪ϴǰСЩҵˣǸ˺£۾·˵Ҫ㣬Ҫ㡭
һҾʹ˿ڣһ·ܹ԰Ҳҵӥ֡СȳţСȳţĶĶĶ
£££㱻ΧŶ򡢰˫ֵڸǽװУҲû¹ҿˣһߵľżľżͷУ˺Ťް㿹֮þȴʵҵĸ첲ȽšƺҲеʹ
㿴㻹ܳܵʱ
׺ݵСȳŵĽ
ƿԺŵһ˳ԺһһӥභСȳѪ߰ᣬüͬ飬һ˪ŮˣŽһ»ĳ
ͣ£ͣ¡
ҽк˹ȥץסСȳҪսﻤסһȵճϡ
ѪСССУܿһСӡöѪ򱻵ҲûôѪ
һû֪֪ѾλС㡯˫˫ȥһô졭Ůɱ㣬ңɱ㡣˵ûҲѵ㣬ѵƾʲô㣬ܱƾʲô㣬ʲô㣬Ϊ˭Ϊ˭
ǲ¶Χſ͵ʲô
㿴
㡭ɱӥ
ɱģΣ
ӡ
ôɵˣһֻӥ𣿡ŮҸ첲һһʹ˫ɿСȳس룬Ҷȥʰͱסק˼ѾͷǰϴɾǶѶˡ
ô㡣
Сȳ죬̫ҽȥ֮Ƕҵ°š
ȵȡüͻȻͣ£ֲŪͷɵ黨ع˵˰һ٣ӥǻһֻ¶ȥ
ҡͷǰߡ˵ģһֻӥûΪһᡣ
ЦЦ˵һ£̫Ŀɶˣ
ҵͷ˲ΥʱҪ˳ӣһֻӥοٶ£˻Ҫȥ
ǡҹɫ٣ƣ͸ҿ
پ鷿ﲻȥع
ü׷ţ书ҲɽҰ˵ˣȽúܣһʱҲ׷ֻôſڵץסҡӭҼ˵ڵأ͵ǰһܴһ˿ɵһ˲Ȼץңײ鷿ţһǱվǰ
پϴߡüҴйץסҾϡ
ơԸ
ǡ
üֻҷſңԵͭյȴžһ飬ĿɨüϣвƵҡü⣬Ƿ˳鷿
źּרעУվԭؿŵյоյúҪԥһǰز˲棬ȻԵȴٷԸǹ˺ܾҲû˵һ仰۾һҲûг롣
ǶĿһͷϽȡ»˹ڴͷɢϵסβᡣ°ɫںɫëӰҺڣⶼɫġɫ壬ȴһоѼģҲһܱһѰռҳԱһӡ
վ÷ᣬ˵һζСϵ軨Щѻѿȫˣ̧ͷ׿飬Ͻѻѿȫװ֤ݡ紵˸£ȥشѺھڵֻмӣ֪ҹˡ
ϴǾ䣬ԽԽ䣬Ҳסߵǰ޵̺ϣȻжͷһ磬Ϲסס壬Ҳ̲סڵ
СȳŲˣѰοֻһʶʶҵ˴һҾͲһˡ
һֱ˺ܾã·龲šޣһҪ޸˭
ֹסʱ˵һȥ
Ҳʸصͷԭϻһϣһȥûȥ˼ֻ֣ǻȥǸȥȥһΪ˸Ĵۡ

ţ[С]

ϵ绹ڣֻ鷿ֻʣһˣտҵŮվ⡣
ѱãǻذɡ
ҵͷźֻعͷŵϵ磬ֶǰɣһӦǿԵİɡתʰ籧ڻͷ첽鷿Ůվû˵ʲô
Թ緹֮ͨ⵹ˣ˵⼸ΧѾС˶ǱտüҲûҪͨλ˲ҲһǡˡôһС˻ͨ
Ůֻ߽һ˵֮⣬ԺɨصСѾͷЩŵӡ԰ɫ˫ְ۾ֻʣ´ͺ;壬Ǿನ̫Ϥ
֮ǰֲ£ȻģֻǾó죬ɱСȳŵˡ
ҵģеľϻӵݵǰ֣֣ע⵽խڲסǶѪİײӹľϻӵȴȴʲôҲû˵ת뿪棬ϻһѾϸСذףѩմѪδѪʲô
ˡ
̫ˣŵҵкЩ֪ʣҲܺ˵仰첽ӭϽԺˣδÿͣϷּһлҪ˵ӱҪȥ԰ߡŮԥһǵͷӦˡ
ڻ԰ûпڣͣҵԴô
˵Ҳµġ
ЦҡͷֻͱģտҪˣ
ҵͷɵǣͱǰҵ
ʱ뿪˵ҲãһʱҲЩ
롭ǰĽСͤˣץסĸ첲ק˽ȥ
ЦãԺĪҪţƼá
Բ𡣡ֻǾж˵ÿ죬˵ҪͰ컹ֱ֪
ǲµҪ˵ʲôЦеضң֪ʲô
ؿڣһѻ˵ΪʲôҴЩôһ£͵Ķ
һҪȵʱʡҶվ۾ΧȥعҪ׼Ŵˡǣϡ
ŮΪǽеŮ
ףתɫ飬ң켧
켧飬˽ҵ֣֡
ŮΪ켧
ãȻҡͷŮҲã켧Ҳգ˵ǲǡ
ò
ҧŴβ˵ܶǰߡꡣѾôǰǡ⸱ģҲ֪ô˵ҵ֪͡£ҸǣҲûʲô
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ҹȻǺĶô
켧֣ȣͽᡣ
ҵɴۿɵ˺ܾҲû˵ȥ˵ˣû顭̫˵ڴ˶꣬ѹµĻ񣬷ɻȣȳ棿ͺѲ˸ϵ
պᶮģֻҪס켧
ҴĻǸˣֻǸͨˣһˣʲô켧ʲôŮͷۻǻأҪǲźãǲźáֻǸˡ
ȥɫҵĸ첲飬˵Щǲͨɲ˵˵㲻ǣҲţ㲻ǣ˵Ůţǡ
¡Ȼˡ¡մڡЩˡǾ
̫һ¶滹һΣҲʮҲǹʶʮ󣬲ʮ̫ԶǴپ˺⣿
ָ̧²ҵӣҪš켧
С
һǲףҵĻġѾ޶ȡ
һ˫սҵ˫磬ŵǣ̫Ὣ͵ĵطǶȽϰȫ
ȥĶ
ҡͷ̫õڶ֪
Ҳ֪
ʲôһֱеľϻʡ
ϻӣذ׷ŵУ߳С̳ͤһʯӵ£ʯͷ˹һ㱻ȥһ룬õ˴󷽣
򡭡ˡ˶˵СԭѪҲˣ󡭡ˡִԼǱСˣ˻԰ѵұ
ӶҵĹ۲ϸ¶ɽ̫ҲҰܳͽǵʵڲࡣ飬⸮ʶв֮ˣ
룬̧ͷ
ݸңҲǸƽˡպ˵һϯѵ
ҡͷҲ̫ȷ⵶˭ҵģЩΪһ˸Ҫȥ
պվ飬ܻͣסܿҵ۾󣬡˵ѵܱӻˡ
Ŷ죿ϲϲҵʵ
һ󣬼̶ͷЦ֧СǡǡЦȻֹ°ͱ˫۾ܿ͸ٶ
Ǻˡ
ͷְһӣ˵˵ʲôк˵һȥɣڴ֮ǰҪסԴȻܡݻӥΪβĻ龢Լ㣬ҲȨ
ңǰҾˣҲǿԱԼġ
ӵͱǺܼʱҹˡһ˯Ժ˯˹ȥ˷ֱһղ⡣
⼸Աҵģ
ҲվŮǰ˵һֲ·ϵŮˣٿԭϵҲ˳Ĵֲֹ·ΧҲˣȫǡЩŹʵˡ
һձ˴ƾɵ£һĵЦ⼸ֽڿģģҲ־
ˡֱߵ˸ǰϸϸҸǰʱͣ½ʵǰʲôģ
֣Ѱ˼λش𣬡ҡ񡣡
ҵֵͷ˫֣üĿɸɾǿϧˣǹͷźС㡣
˿ͷձ˺š
Ĵһҵļ米Ҳ֪˵ңԹ¿ͷлˡ
ĪҷˣԱҶ
ֿһͷ
صͷߵŮҲ׷׹¿ͷƫͷͶĿⶼơΪʲôҲ֪ϲǵϲŭôֱסҸϲһ
ĳҪޱһкţԭĵձһˡʮཱུŮޣһһ߽캰󺰡ģ˭ҲȻҲϲµؽϳ
ڳűߵСƯ˾̾Ƥ⻬𪣬ָϸԲÿĵָף۷޼üԲɰСָа糤һλòửССĻ
ע⵽ڿ֣󷽵ذ͵ǰָ׺ÿԼŪģԺҰҲһ
ᳶǣֲ½Ųҵָǻϻġ
զʲô·ˡ
ŮƵճȥȻȸ֤ȸǶúá
ЦѾͷƬӣ㻹ȥС㰡
𡭡
Ůޱûģָס

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ǰУŮ˷ܵ£Ҳ̲סƳۡǸֵͬĵطԼɣʱҲֻԱһɵĴ󻧣ԲᲢۡŸſڵʯʨǰʯͷۡլǰ͸ˣ̫
˼ҵҲŵȣһȴѾͷ±ģҲ̣˵źǵѾСˣ۴ֻģȻ޵λһ㣬ȴҲ򵥵һ㡣
߸˱һͨ˯һҹձѣһվãܿͼһʮŮָ߱ߵһ˵С㣬Щ½ģǶȱ𣬿пϵģ
С˻˿üôЩ´ֱѾͷ˵ĿҺϣУüü۵ġ
⻰һ̸е˵ĵ⣬֪ôˣͻȻŶС磬յĻ龢ҲûˣͰ˰ҲûС˵ϴĻС㵱¶
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Ƿʱ˽ʵһȭҺҽſסǰ壬תһβǵ⣬ǽŸһ̧С㣬ץסȹڹڵءСŭɶһŽҴˡʱԵͻȻɢһɶĵζСæڱǿ첽˺
óóкŵסӶŽеѹҵıӲԭϵζǳˣ
ǡŮߺͻȻĳζɻ޴롣
ֻͳһݵСǰ۵ɵ˵Сᣬıӡ
˵һóŵʱӡСֱƵģһùڱᣬʲô㣿
Ǳ׼˸񣬡ضС㣬㣬ҴǰϵģҲԸģСϲЩζ
ͶСˣǰݺݵǼŮһۣȻϧس˸һһм΢Цлǫúͺ⣬ҲѾߣһϲ򵥵ӡ
ʧҷɵСԺĳ֮ûбֵĻҺһ˶סһҲǼұȥۻٶҴе⡣æСʱʱңʱҨˮҺȣʱʣµĵġ
㣬û𣿡
ҷ¸ӣɨɾϵľм˵ǰ
ˣһ¶˵ͳһӣҵһֻ㣬С͵ģһһ׼˵Ҫ
ܾɼü۵ӱлˡŮ޺˭ҪãľɵͶԵʱ͵˵
ˣ㡣
ҵͷЦĿ뿪Ӧ˵ߡʱûӰ޹ֱ˽ҡľͷѾͷ
ʼյңԺ񷿼ֺǵػŸͷҡͷ̾ϢȻū˲١᲻֣˲ÿ࣬һֳԵñǲ˵ľͷѾŮ켧˳ʱżСȳţҹúܰģĿȻ֡
һֱڲ񷿴ĺŸһ˹ÿոɨǰͥͺԺҶСԺӲֻվܸСǶܹһˡ
հѻҶѳɶѣͼС䶵һ
죬죬𣬽кöġ
ܰӳ͵͵ЩӹΧ͵һŵζʶ㣬׷ӵֳԵģÿÿɮ١
ǡô̫࣬áЩġ
СЩȫǻͷʦҵģܷĳ԰ɡ
ţ
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׼ĳԴģССģҵġһֳ֣ҵسһ飬СҲ֪ؿԼС顣
һԵСЦѽЩС˵ĻȶǽĻ࣬ǻܻ䲻ɣ
ЦЦꡣҵ䣬·˵ÿһÿһأſ쾪ֵѰѰӻӴֱƤҲкΪֹ˵ͻᱻӴͣôٻһ˿ľ¡
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䣬࣬Եʹ
ƨ¶
붬ҶûˣᡯҲˡ䣬Ӧǵһĵط
ѩ׷ɵȥʱ뿪һһ㷺ĿüնСݺһӣȾӡҲǸͨ˸öãʱȥԶҶȥһۡǣҲܡ
ȥůͷʦιֻƹʼëضǣС֪ôҲŵͷÿͷһѣɨЩëж١СѾͷ˲ʾ·ȥҴ򣬿ͷС·οСͷҲûжٿԣӣΪյᣬСȰ˵Ҳ޼¡
ûصҶɨԺҲɵöָ࣬ҼһԺĻԺǰǰĻݲݣһһ²깤
Сˡ
үǷǷ
ǰһ죬һСʱײˣŸĴӺһλòŮڻ֮ʲôԶԴԺÿնСԺ趨ѣ겻衣
ոݵӰӣСһͬۡ
ͷ߸ǰ紦ŵ˺
ͷ۾ү롭վԶЩ
ô˵ǵԶ뷴󲽿ǰûüٴͷץסҵ֣˫ĥģСۡ
˵Сһͷҷ˺ܴľ֣Ҫʱ
ǡҶ¶λģġһ˹Ƶģæְ˰ݿ첽뿪
ͷ㲻ˣ
ҡͷЦʣôˣ
һԲ裬ЩѿˮϣźûࡣٺЦ
Ǵүҵǵ˵
ӻ֣ܲںСģСүǷ˵ĵճ͹ܡ
ҵͷ֪ǶСǰĺˣ˵ľǶС˵ġ
ΪСѾͷ˵ģɵ˺һĻϻҲû򿪣ֻڻ̨߾ؿһһ
롭Щȿ˻ͷ
ֶ⵹ϣ棬Ҫʲô˵ɡ󷽵˵
ܲܰѶСǳԹġԹĲ裬ҡ벻ѰƷһʱ򾹳ֻи˼ҲõݳƷ
û⣬Ҫʲô
СͷһΡʱĸó²ˮϴͷѽͷȻï㣬ûøСһҲá
Ѿͷ²˵ˣֻǣȴһҲģ˵Ứ
ԭĸļգƽôˬֺҲ̲סһ˵οĻֻһļ米˵ĸĸֱֳСܵܣ˵ʮһǰһ֣Сܾܵʱ
˵ǡǻ֣ҷԼڲ
ţ꣬ǰҲֳ֮ɻȷɣ׷ϱȻҡɻȷɣش贶

ʮһ[С]

ɻȷɣش贶
˵׵СܵʮһǳʼʮһǰСܵܳʱŽϽĴŰꡣڻֿҪЪͣʱ뿪˸ĸףһֺڵı߳ۿ硣ǲٳһЩһЩ㲻ƬѹķɻһС򣬻һƬûͷɢֻߡҵŮ
켧֣ȣͽᡣ
һ䣡
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һѲҶ͵Уտˮһ裬ˮŨŨɢŲζ˼ҳԲֻһһ
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͵ģιСۣĿͶϡ
͵ģ͵ʲôҿԵѯʡ
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Ǳܿˣͷһ£С̫ˣûƨɡ¸հذײؽ̧̧ͷͶһ˫Цۡ

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ʮ[С]

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Ҳ̲סۡŻһۻֻ࣬һֱסйǰһȦȦԽԽԽԽڡ
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֪ҪǰĵطؿڸȸԾΣȻǸɱСȳŵĵطҾǣƼ
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ң⻹һЦͷŰ۴ֲȹڽΪʲôЩƯ·

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Ҳú£
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һؽյûгܾãҺܿ챻̫ټһֲ߻;ߣ˺һ˫۾ûбҲӦԹʵһ˵ĻһҲɵߣûбҪ
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ͷļ́ͷ죬Ϧȼ͸˻ơ
ƿһоҲƵģ߿żŸĥƤջظղŵĻٺõЬҲšѵЬУϴһȾߣµıᣬŹȾƵ˶ߵ鷿ԶԶƳһӰҪ󺰣ҲûҸúʲôιˣ
ʱʧתǣ˲ҰȾ׷ȥխխﲦ󵲵̴Ůһֱ嵽ǰͣ¡

ҴڴȵõɴۡɨɨûʵĲɵЦ丸׷ڻǸ׷ˡ
Ů˳پδţ¶ɷȡ
ţǰʱǸóˡҶЬɿֻţȻȹǺܶصվ
⡭Ůٺһ̴վԭ֪ηӦ
ҿ˵ȥԷ
û˵ֻüǰȥ
ߡŮһ롯ơ
Ҳ˼ӣųһҲ֣һҿ۵ùǺ

ʮģ[С]

źܷʢɲųϰٵ˰һһۿͷӣӦŶԡ
һŲԲҺĵ߰˵غҶڷź̴˿ûйٻ˼ҷȵò͹㿪ˡ
Ҳæžٿ꣬Щȼһأͷһغͬòͣȴ޶˵ؽ۾һ˾ǲ֪¿ꡣע⵽ƵƵǰһ̵ֻܿʣһ顣ʲôôóԣ
һо˺ܾãⶫôҲ񶹸ɣҧһڣȷǶɡǰסСݵʱһСɶ˵Ҳݳ޵ĲȣƲۣһڡ
ó԰ɣ˵óţȴԸԡ
ͷͻȻǺסǱ֮ɫָŵ̬꣬Ȼ׿һ۱ϵŮ٣ˡ

һıգۼ䱻ߣеһ˫ʲôҲû¡ͳˣҡҲų˰鶹ɣ
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پ޵رĴΧ˶Ӧ޵ķΧҿɵصһطֻҪҸ˺ҲС
βƵոֲѾͷѾͷʹ˲Ĳȥƣ𲦵ƵĲȥīīҲԲ˵پˡŮٲеʸҿԶ˲Բơī°ۻóԷˣҲʲôѲŮٸһȵĴѾߣ
˵û˽ѾߣԼճģôôƵѾߣ˵ǲǣ
鷿Ͽʱ䣬ڿε졢λϲңұ鷿Լʱ䡣̨и϶ǩմˮһСٻĵô׻˸Թ档
ҲûҽҲ롣룬һ䡭һŽ仰ɣģСһ߻һ;ײС˵Żĸ׽̻һԹұŪСǣʱЩСңҵ̨ǿȰֻ
ĸףҵˣжûˡ
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پƼݣ
ﲻˣҶԷסû뵽;һˡ
ĶûˣЩ˰ɣ
Ҳͣҡͷûûӣ
Цãġ
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һӰˣپǹĺùޡ
ҵˡʵڲҲûȥġ
νӣʣ֮Ϊ˶ݵİҪ͵ԷΪĳֳŵı֤
˵ףϾӵĸǰĻҲپ׹ĸܵҲǿġ֪ûбܻ䣬֪޲ԡ
˵ǽĳ
Ц¾һ
Сͱˣʡ
ܴСǰȵۻڵʱ򲻻£˵ǻʮ˰ɡ˵Ȼչá
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һɻҲҶͣɿ˵еŮ٣СӦԡ
˵ͼһŮƴӵǰһλͷǵƣױȹΪƴΪͬݲԶ
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ݵλƸ߳࣬׺ԵҲΡƽŮѾǰйˣһû޵±һӻҲ𱰶ѵ
ˣ˵ʱôвסвס˵еǷæ
ߵά¶ѹȥͱ߶
ҵͷԣôõ˻ᡣ˵¶й𣬸һ˷
ίֲ⣬̲ס˵ʵǻ
סڣƺݺݾһѣû˵ʱٶ㽲Щʲôã˵žߣᶫȥ
뿪ĸʱֻǸСŮҲûŮԳҽ̵һЩ˽£ҲΪζ˴˽֮ѷ˵Ĵӡ
պҰپ޵ס˷Ϯͷһ֪پ޵֮⻹һסۡ˵ķΧǱһȫòδҿ
ϮĹ֮ǰס޵ΪͬĻ˵پǶסСĿͷҵİ֮ȻҪݻࡣȷʵǿòˣƿ˯ڿյⷭͷ̧ͷ컨̲ס̾ϵҲҪȱҶһɰ籡
ԴʱÿҪ˯ȥ߸ʱҲ˯ĶϰһæŰҲû˯ҹ⣬Ҫ̴˯ưһľ䡣
ѹףʲôҿֱ̯ʾ֪
ЦһЩԭǱҵСŮ¹õűȸá˵﷭ѡһżĶڱվָϽ˽ȥȥȥȥȥƶ˱һĴ鳯Щ¶پλ˲᲻ʲôҲ̵֪úá
ұϴãƤֱߡûϸϳƤϵ֣ͱƷ
ĿǰһһŮΣ͵غ鶪СŮɡ
ҵְ̯УҲ£һǱһپ٣ӵĲд˵ߵһ£Ķʼߡ
Ѳбʣڿʲô߽߾ͱƵ˻ȥ
ƫͷܾҲ뿴ⶫ˭Ҳ뿴
á岼ڱΪߡ˺̧ܾͷţǻգտ껹Ҳټֱ￴꿴ϸΪֹ
˯֪һƤҲ㷭һҳ
˭֪ͷͷ۾ڿ𣿡
صһҳһַڶҳ
ҳˣٿ÷ҳУ۾ҿϸ
ԶԣٿֱҰһĴҲƲŵҳһ߿һߵҪá˯ܿȫ˭ⶫҲ˯šȻǲԵģȷʵоûôᡭ
˺پÿֻһأΪʲô
̧ͷ˲΢ȵΪʲô˿ǰ飬Щ鴤Ƹò˵λˡ߰ɣ
ڼ̫нҲá
ǣȻ̾ʱը֪ڿʲô˰ɡԼǾһź˵ŮǰûʲôñܻģƲٱԡ
ȼؿܻۣþͻõġ¶˲ͬе۵ҪеĲ޸оţǺǱҪ˵ۣǲǿɾҪװ۵ӡ
Ϊ⣬˵⣬Ҫ˵ۡǡۡ
ľͷԴȻۣҲΪ۾ͽ˹˵¡
Ҫ𣿡ɬʡ
סҡͷóƹټҲŶԡֵλ˻پҲôŰɡ
ԳУһֱҰǱϸϸؿһ׼ҾޡĩҶġĵá롮롯˵ֻǣ治Уô໨
ϲӵ糿һˡ
Ůλ˺Բˣڷ˵ĵپͷˡ
òŮӳ񣬡˵ϲˡ
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֪ӦʱƵɡ
λ֮ơһĽŮԼɢɡ
촩ĹڷϣһǽǶľķڱ㻶еǷˡҲһּȮĸоһ޵ŮˣĴǲ̫ˣ
پɷȻѰ˼ȢأҴ׵֮˴ӵŴӷϮ޵ˡ
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˶ˣյֻʣһˡ˼ϲϵġ桢ӡĶڿϲϡ
źĹע˫֣¹ȥָ׳޼ΣСָָ˰糤˼ɻ
˳ӵعȥ˳ӵ˳ӵķˣ˳ΪҶµ;
ʡƣҿʱһƬӰڵ˺̧ܾͷ
پʲôʱģ
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߰ˣʴȥ˴Ƭƹ⡣
ϲȥһЩǫȫƸһԼûֺˡǽһߣȥ漴ת׼ԽҪʵ
ҡҿ̵ܷòá
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ߵĵӵĳ嶯Ц
֡졭㤡󡭡ΪʲôҪѹ·һ
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ܻӭƻͣȫˡ
ȡȵȡֽƿһЩĭʣ᲻ᡭۣ
մϵķ˿صܲᡣ
ҿܲ᣿Ϊʲôҿܲ᣿ôҲķˣܱܲ˵ôεĻһ˵ʲôĴ˫ս
⡭⡭
ͣͣͣͣûܲ۵İɡ

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λҲڿɢ
΢ұǾ˿ߵ˾;۾
Դֵؿһۼߣ֮ͻȻڣ𣿡
Ȼۡʵʵ˵֪⻰˵ϣǲݵġ
롭˯ϮظţΪ˯ʱһֻҵš
ʹʹҷỨ굽ԧƺҲ̫أæͷ鿴ҵ顣
ҿܻȥˡұסĴᡣ
һֱ֪Ҳˡǧ꣬岻˥ϲԶȥϣòһֻҪžټˣʹ˼긴һĥȥҲҡΪѳ֮ѲǵõΪʲôҪȥֻҪ֧ž͹ˡʱɳ©ͣͣҵԶ˥Ҫȥ
ҲƽһջΪʲôҪţҵ硣ˣʧȥλƵãҲΪҲãҰؽһУȴһ̵
Ϊʲôҵļʡ
ǰȻˣҿΪʲôʲôڲʲô
٣һҡ̾˿ǰƣ۱ѳᣬҲܿ졭
ֻ飬ȻͷԲϲʣж죿
⣡
ˡҸϽסֱۡ
ҲģҵΪѳᣬҵļҵˡǣ˵ģҵǳ
Ů֮鰮ļ±ҵȻΪдաһپҪˣȴǾƲ˳ӴӦġΪʲô֪һЩأΪʲôҪˡҪޡҪҸѳ᣿
ʱŮҵϲ𴲴ţȻֵڡǰֿһֻۣһ䵭Ÿоǰ˺ˡʹȻı鱾Ͳ࣬ȻǿԼһжܡ
ĶͷŮƺɵļ˵ע⡣
ͷۣոϴʱѾйһΡ
ûĸײġһν͡
ֻСŮ׷ţİײĶˣ
ײپȭͷˡ˵ͷ
ˣæסҵ죬Ѿе˶ЦҲʶԼ˵Ļæ²
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һû˵Ƶûţ߳Ŵ磬վſȴ֪Ķߡ
ڿʲô
ŲԶһ̨¥ص￴羰Ӧò
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ӭҲƽĲӣߵȴ׷ƺǨ˫š
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ΪҷԴ껨һΪʲôҲ֪ô
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֪ôǡһЦзԣ´Ǿǻ
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һԵŮһҳдѧϰһ鳭һ鲻ѣһٱǾۡʹһֻѧ䣬Ҫëдһٱ˵Ҳɵ
λû鷿ڿΣأͷİһһӣ·ܱʼ顣ûãֻ˼ӡһӣҲһٱ顣ҳϲұǰдƯīʱˣȻҰ˴
صϮŮƷĺףŵ׷ԭʵԸ档
پôֶдòҲܷ޷޵
Ϊдòá
ΪΣ
Ҳ˼˵дһٱ飬ѱʸպīдҲ֪С
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ʣ˴ˣһ䣿
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ʣ˴ˣһ䣿
Իɫʳӡ
ĬȻʱͨپݵҸæùӭĳһ̴ŮһٷߣһžҡơԭλǴ
˵ʵܡơֻҵ飬ûףٿɫжʹޱĲʡ󿪳ڷҩپʥ裬ҵðѸղϵҩϴȥô򿪵ġһСȸˡ
˳̴šж׷ҲżǾ³ţ糿ʱĴǡһۣȻڡ
ܶ˿ҲͬԷֻöһ߲˴ҲңΪʲôҪ͵͵һ棬ԷҲӺŵˣ̾Ϣ
룬ϲŮ˶˵ϲӦòֵøˣϲֵĸоֵ·ѩ
ϡϡپˡ
˺Բһžƺ;Ʊһžĸ㣬ǰйɻûϸһ֮̾ɫپҲͶۡ
Ǿջƺ;ջ⣬檵صپ˹ѽ֣֮ףپþóپٰ꣬ǧǧǧǧꡣ
һŵļӣپȴǺáֻ׶ЦȥͰɡ
λ˵Ľһͣ漴ָЦհѾƺ͸ŮлˡλپҲ̫˷飬˼Ҳ˵صپѽ֮֡ôá˸ˣ
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δոŲɣԤʾǰѾŽһ֮֡پٸǰţԭҲڴˡ
ں֮ڵķ򣬺ܿ챻ǰͬʱΪĳʾɺӡɽӴ㡢أӵһԳҺΪۣ롯ء˺رֵĽҲԸһС׳Ƴĳ
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ʱδǰ̫ˣһЩƳԡΥ֮ͽΪߣ׵Ӧߡ˿ɻǵǾ仰
ãȻҡͷ
켧֣ȣͽᡣ
켧֡ᡭ׽Ļ˿ƺһЩ
˺Ժյļ壬ʲôأΪʲôȢˡ˵֪˻Щġ
˦˦Դ̧ͷҺܺ𣿡
һ£ЦŻصپ˱˭ãġ
ǰȻңʹҰӣǴҺõġ룬͹ˡ

ʮһ[]

ߣ鷿֮䣬ȻֻǳдǡŮ롷˵Ůұ챳һ飬ڳдһٱ֮Ҳ
ĺһ˿ƽһĵҸоͶµʯĲƽҲˡ
˶Ϊţ˧Ҳ
ͺƺڿҵپ˷磬ҽŮ֮򸾵ڶһ³дʱ鷿ˡ
طˡλ꽫ߵݹپʩ
֮鷿ľ̸۴£ҼдŮ롷£֪˶λ˳鷿ͻȻ㵽
˲Ҳ˵˵ءЦ
ң
ѯŵˣҲͷΣǰϸеĻɽȣϪɽկһɽկµĻ̸۹ķӣղλΪ˸̸ۡȻмҶ˼أҪʲôҰ
װϸоӣκصλǡ
ҡͷ˾ܵ뷨˵Ҳ޷˵ϳдĶǶԷЩѧʵһԿ
Կ̾͡Ů롷Ѳɻ飿߻صֿûκμأֻú˵а
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Ҵ˴ָ֣ŻկƽµԼɼƬƬӲͷƤ˵롭ɽͽӦòȥɽկҲвǵļҾ죬롭ӦûаҲԸ޺ȥɱ󡣺ðɣҳϣϹ⼸λҲҪҵļء
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֪Լڸʲôֻ֪ͣؽУͣȭߣҲ
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ڵصһӡѥͷǺˡ
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֪Ҫ˵ʲôҡͷΪɽ¡̧ͷѰȫ˳ȥŷ˵ˣҲ˵ˡ
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ҸһЩʱ׼˺һŵԺ⣬ü
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¶֪ӽΪ׽ɡֱԵ
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ҡͷ֪Ҽǵپ˵ɱԺμݡ
ĸֳһʱ֪ôƺˣǵļɳҲȵ۵ģ
ǰȵۣȥˣһֱԡپҲûƺԽ˵ԽСû֪ͨ
ǰղǲŲɺ͹ôȵۺĸļɳǰвǵ䣬λپǰ޽ɡ
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û뵽ѿǰһӵ֪ǻҼҲڻʶ
һۣʲô¶ҪκһŲŸˡ
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ҾС˵ֻɱջֻ֮Ҫｻپ㱣֤͵ɱׯڣ׵پ³ڣڡ˵СŮסԺ󣬷Ҫ˫ֿȥܴ³
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һĸףܳһ˿Ϻָϸһ˫֣ȴܵе
ĸף˫֣ҵĺҲһܺĺһţһܣ

ʮţ[С]

գ΢ұ㱻ŮǽԺһ˯ȴô˯ȨҲûˣͼƺɺֵ·ס˵Ϊ·ƽմòͬխխ䡢㳤쉡
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صǴپյλʦһλġ
գˣ˵ʲôҪҵ¸
̿͵˵ˣʦһЩз
ǣˣҲǣ켧ûó
ݲݳԹűơһǰνϰء
ѹһ룬캮ض˵Щˣ˵ôýѩƫƫûһƬ׻һ˵һ߿ԣΪ䡣˵ˣӲã֪ҲǣԴǰ͢Ⱥһֱԡ
ȡ˱а𣿡ƹеš
ġǰϰˣҺٻ䡣
̵λ˵صƣ˵֮ʱλԴˣɼƵӹжӲ֮ˣֻѧЩˣϷĻȭȣǴȿʼʮһ͵һպǡ
ܾǰΪֻҪõһ书ؼϳΪָֻ֣úЦ䣬һĥḶ́ҪûʮǲеġҪѧһЩзǻô˵ģǰˮף绹
Ҳã˵¶ҲãֻҪȥЩ£ͻƽһ㣬Ҳұ֤һذ׻᲻ѥܵϣٲ塣
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죬ݲҪһ˲ǣ
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ҾƣһСòֱܷǽǵĶΪʲôʦĬͬؽСõ
۵ģʦ͵ϳߵλڽԪһԻҵΪҵ֮⡣
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Ȼ˲ңֻǰϵŲòϷˣһءȻϷˣһͷβ⺺һŮˣһÿʹϳˡжⲻϷˣʲôܱǸʧˣһħʦ߱ĳֿ죬ۿ죬ҿ塣
ȻʴϻۣϣѧһС
һУ̶ĵֻӿҲһҪ£ɾһ̣˴һɳȥʱҸı뷨Ҳѧᡣ
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㡡н㡵Ӽڵǰһѣʦסˡ֪ɶã
ʹͺ۵ƨվʦֺĿһҲ֪ĶӦȰѶıʰƨɡæ߹ȥҵСãĵûбһ˵

ǡһΪѣҾһž𽣡
ǰһҲٴ⣬סذױֱۼ⣬е׼ӭӼһҲǺģܻ踫ܡذٴַɳϺõһֻ˼վס˽š
ȥʦһƿ㡣һԵӺ
ʰذ׿Цԭǽ㡶ҷˮⲻǵýʦˡ
õĲǽһԼĴ󵶣ǳصĵѹҲ˸ѹſˣ˵ǽ׶Ĵ̿ȫеСذףҸоԼһֻԷĲںͻ
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׼ײɳȥɹһ뻹ûҿܻĽʦ
ҪǾȵͷ֮ʱ켧ˡ
ߣɺʦŮˡˣô˵ң
Ÿʲô
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ԭصųܽػһұӭͷȥǽ²ܳʹܵ˸ǰ׼ǰѿ쵶ķ˫סذͷȵ˫һ
Ĺ켣Ҷһ٣һٵʱвȥϲ⣬˾ͱɵɿ⡣һͷأǰζˤҡ񱻵Ƶţѵ̧Եֱһ˫ֵĻھѿһӡ
μپ
˵ĺҪתͷȥѰˣԴҵʵڽʵȥʹöˡҷԼߵۡϡĽ˵ۡǰ
ҪΪҪңȴֱֶüҧ򢣬ޱ飬ɣţͲóˡ
Һ޵ȭǺҺԼҾڼܴϿһ˿ϧ

ʮ

˵óȻͲţҶڲظͬʽʲôʽѲֳֶҵȥ鵲㡵ĵҵûлӶСذ׵ֻҪذסŽͽɡֻϧСҲòסֹֻ̯Ҳղ£
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˺̴ˣҩˡŮһҩ롣
һĺҩ֭ұʧ˿أǶҶ˳ȥ˭ҼˣҡܰѱôأҺȻһݣݣﲻ𣿡˭ҼˣʱȱС
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籸ˣһĶȺůθ˵˶ࡣ
ѶöƤССЩҲû˼ȥޣ־Ҫȥ롣
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ϽӹҨһӵݵߣ̲ʣۿ滹һġ

ҵͷһ׽һ׵ϡ࣬ҽ˺Լֽ޴ҵû߰ͼˣƵ಻̲ɵθʱȴоƵġ
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θܲסͷһθĶȫŻ˳ҳȥǰװ׵࣬ЩĩҲ̵ģô³˺ġ
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Ůҽ֪治ΪҲһֻֽϻĽȱСӲź¿˵ҩ֮ҵȷûôһ۵ûȥˣִ˯һ¶ˡ
ǰ˺һ飬ʱ̫ܳණԼָܻ֮ʳʵ֤ģԼڴ֮һʱҶʳ

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κһֶﵽһķȫζζʳζȻҪѪľ綾ų⡣Щһΰ˲ϢɥĶҲɫζǷ˲ˡҲ£ҪЩԳԡһرˡ
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ڴ˳ƺɺͰһЦǰļ磬ųЩҲ޷ǲǰСӣ
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ڴ˲ûΪңЦЦûֱߣż˫ֽתƱתԽԽ죬һԵ̴ۻͫҡ³򼤶ѣܿзˣңڿ³ոĸ翼ǧΡ
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λõľƱӵĻɫҲȫ޲죬ֻú˵С
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һˣһĺĳʱĿ̣һĿҵѱ޹˸ӡ
ܳԣ龪ţҪ𣿡
ѻ죡ûҽ˵ģﱻθܡ
ˡ˵ѾˡˣֻθЩۣЩƮƮģƺɺЩûУ
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һ붫Ƴ麰ȥɣ
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лл̾ϢѾҪòôɫ
ѪΣѪġ
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һιҺȲһĳ˵պٺߵ̫Ϊ󼧾ȥ˱޾ӣǽӹҲ˵ȥپҲǱȻġ
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پζҲ̫ںԵʡЦ
ζҡͷ
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һϰ䣬һԶͬʦͬĿҵȴͬûһϢûһ׳ԵÿΡһǵøлİţڴ˵ĿûиǿȵУϢһӦսʦĥ
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ʮѧϰ֮ҴԼֱܷǷҩǽʦĿȻûнչͬδαɱһ㲻ͬžǱɳȥ̡ÿθҽ⡮ֻʹõ̳ס·ÿһһ׼ѽµľٴֱۣʱ类ˡ
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ѧȫЭֱ۳ҵĳûձʮѧϰԺֻǰѳѪ׵òӡÿ˺̶ҷһ밲ߵҩ˯⼸ҽͨΪȽֱۣһýʦĿҲס
ڴ˵ĿαȽɣһװڼꤣﺬʳȴ£׽¾͵³ȻڴʳǷжܶҶѶ¶ǣжҲûϵҵʦĻᣬ˵¡һû³ָ쵽ҵĺһһҲȥ
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ʣޡʲô
ôܵסôܵˣū澵ĿҲܲˣǽ֦Ҷﰡܵˡءܵˡ
Ҳʣôܵˣ˴ңôܵˡˣЩʲôҰסҺЩܲסˡ

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ҽĥһУϮһȻ⡮󹬡ԼǷɫ䡣
һǰ˴еϲѶܷɣ˺˵ĳ֣ʿפغȴǰ˵񽫾ܿ콫˧ӡλپĸ³ӻԡλ
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پ˺ǵȨ־ҲǾ̫ӦΪپظ˵ˣѡֻǸݴϴˢԩɽɽȥΡ
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ǣǣѹʱÿͶҪһԣԭԭپҵġԳԡ
жѽȥҲᡭ
ΣΣɱˡɱĹ⣡

žҹû˯⣬һڴ˵ĻоڵѪһ˿˷ܡ
˷ܣܸܵ˷ܣƴ򼴽չһɱ¾˷šսšθڵж󣬺־򣬻̫᣿Ĭ̵
ڸʲôֲҡˣ

ߣ
ĵҲ⣬˵Դ֪Ĭ֮Ҿڵá
Ҫʲôһߴһʵ
һ£㡭
ҴӦӣؼҡŵȻЧ
ѱ㲲ŮӺЦš
̲ס˵Ӻ⡣ֹ⣬ֱ͸ˣȻΣղҲϲ
ֱʾ̸ΨһķӣֻίһͬĬһΣ֣ݱгӦ
ʣܹ𣿡
ãǸֻپˡ˵治ĻЦϳȥ
ڳееһʮ˵Ⱥš
ǳ֣һǰˣǰŵĵϵźʹ˻ϡ
ǣ¾ɳ롣ǿԼ˽ĬĹϵ֪ģĬ·Ҳһ˲ɡʵϣλ֪Ĭв֮ٵپһ͸öŶԡȻʼల£ɷɽıҲûܵκǣĵλȹ̵òϳҲҵƴȨɡ
ж˸
ӹһµһ£Ժúڲͷ棬ʵûҪǱص̬ôҲɲס
ģҵȼˣҶͺںǶڹߡ
ϳ
롭
û֣
ᳵժºָ֣ݵʵҵģĺ㣿
ҳʵصͷ
ЦЦȻҵ㵹Ǳúãһ³Կﲻ١Ǻ˵ģپġ
ҿЦôҲˡ
Ѱ̵ĳª˫֣ȴ̾Ϣһ£ҵǣپ̫˵ָŶӣپǹˡ
ģ
ָʦ֣ϵһ졣
ɽָ飿Ҿ
ʦֿپΪüָ飬һͬҺʦ֡Ͷľʦܸˡ
ŵؽô˵Ҵԧ죿úǰɣ
Цҡͷǰ̫ҲΪپͼ棬ȴòǡָǰپټң˵ΪҲΪɽΪ֮ǰл֮پڸرȷҿڲˣȴܻʦ֡Ȼڿ˵ᱳپ̫ǣʦҲΪĬ
ǲ˵ĺģô֪ɽʦֵꣿ̵ѹĬİ⡣
ꡭ΢㶣̶Ĭ
̾ԸһҪɱһɱˡ԰һβͰϷһ̫ӴճԣһȻܻ㡣
Цѽ뵱ȻپǾú棬ʮĵͣδҲ֮С
ǰʮꡭʮˣ̲סʵ
ˣپٳٽء
ʮձأǿˡ
ɫž⣬ò˻뿪پ

ʮ[С]

ɫž⣬ò˻뿪پ
ұʵڵ£ʱ˵ˣǰӵĳ
˵һವشܽҿģΪǴһ
ڼ㡭飿
ҷĳЦһЦƽյĬǰƮݵӣͷһμһҲİһʱûϳ
ŵԡĬʸصͷο͸м
ЦҡͷĶ²֪ҪӲܻˡ
ô˵Щڣϸ¶ƺƲϴ¡
ľ쳣춯䱸
˻صǱˡ
µʲôҽֱ塣ôһΣ׷Ҳˡ
ͣ£ȵЪŰƿ֧ܵĻͳǵǰİ˺ɷľƺס
˿ãûȴֽģû
аɡ˵§סҵļͷ
ûлֻǿңΪβʾ
˵һǡ齵һߡһֱһֻеĻأΣʱ̿ԮȻֻλ֪
ˣź˵ȻܰѵϢطŵҲϢŪǰɣ
תЦб£ֹɽʦ֣Ҳշˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôٲȻһˣһ˶еһ϶Ҳ˼⻹治٣˵ţҵһֱֻ͵ק𣬿们һֱ¶ںУ룬پһϲȱ첲ȵ켧
ڡһʣв⽣оѸҵҲֱ۶ҲúۣҲֻǰѽֻһȦƤѡߵֱۿѪͦ˵ģҲò󺰡
ǿԸţǿҵһʦ͵żһЩֽŽŻȥپɣ
һЦһ߽ЦȻֹ࣡һƿ˿һۣҶǻɫķĩк
𣿣Ĭæҵֱۡ
ҡͷۣǹиģǲ׷
Ȼ̴ٸ켧Ҷң
ɫҩۺֹܿסѪóһƿҩͿĨ˿ϣ̡
ҲûʲôϵİҲںһС飬лл
һڡллǰˣɿҲϰɴã̶׵عҸǰĬҪȥȴһק£㹻Ŀռ˲š
ѹźˣҽкȥ
ɵض㿪ҵ֣΢΢ʹЩһͷҵĽűߣеڶʲôҲ˵ôһһؿͷҲյȥֹ
ˣֱĬһѱסֹ˺Լ͸еĺӣ
ҲͷؽеҪͷԣ磬ҪЪ˵ұɵ˯£ȥһŮ
Ҫҵ
ÿҲĬϵʹϧ鰮⡣˯ȴСĴֱۣ˴ͻȻ䱻һͻŪñӷᣬô˳
ֻ֣ԼҲû˭۰ɡ
֣һհʱ䣬һ·ȫ䱸ͣͨѶϢǰǰرߵ¸һʱ̱һڵĶʱػһӵ˲ԶĻ衮һֱѶţÿơžŵ̽ķգþòɿصá
ĬĥȰЪšҪģȴţǲšһĬҲճӵ§ҡεø
ֱڶĺɫ٣һжల¡̫˲Ĭϵһ˿ѣˡ
ûһ˿ߣ׼ЪϢֱ۵ʹҳٳٲߡڽ̸˵ǽ̸ֻĬһ˵ƺҪ˸ߣȴͰһʼճĬĬΪ˰ɣϾɽĺӡ
ʱһСɧѣۿһİˣæ˵ЩӦĬˡȻͷԭǡ¡ļҳ
ʱԶ챬˲ʱʲô£
һƥδǰϵرеˣ֪ðһƺ߲ƣ
ľ±ݡ

Ĭؽкִȥ
ͷĬյģҲ
ҲϲǣǴһǡ
ӵļҳע⵽ĳƺתңλǣ졭
ĬͷЩߵݡ
һμͷߵ֮ʮĿתضҡ˻ңǷð͢ź򿳵ԴЩȻΪлòԾ̰Ϥ
ڰľһ˺ͳӵĻ¼֣ǰУѩԽԽ󣬻ĺ
Ĭϳ£棬Ȼ¯һơ
飬ˡתžƺȻ˵֪ܷ֮֮ա
Ҳ֪ôڻʶѾʱһλүʱĻڴ֪ѣڡ
Цһڡ˵һȵľƵݵҸǰȰͬһƣ˺˼ˡ
ҽӹƱҪͷһ£ͷȴɵӷϥڡ
Ǹͷһ꺮ůӣǸ³;ӣǸ谮ҶͷӣǸҶԴӣǸŭҳӡ
һֻһӣء¾𱭣һľǺҿ
飬켧
Ĭص̾ϢЩƵġ
󣬳³ֻһ˺һȴĻ¯һ͵Ϯ춯֮ٱ
;Уںͼҳ˵һЩ¶лкĳ񽫾صġ
һòײŴλ졮ʡڳ˵
졭֡
˹治Ǿ֮ѹֽƾѺôꡭ
λ˫ȫͽҲѷɫˡ
հһǴȥļǣպҲṈ̀ӣƥηɡ
ˣԲŲò˧
ֱ˿̸Ӳſڣô˵ķƺСЩ
ҲӿĲãһɼҳȻҲ֪˵
ŰκһϵλߣҲ֪ҵһرݲΪֻ˵ãպҰҵȱȽնȥ
˵ӱ˵кñ£βһնˣ
ͬصͷһǵնҰ򣬷ǰؾ͵һ۰ҲѹùǺ
תһ룬𷢵û˵̨һΪӱŻպضǡ͡¡ƴ֮ءļҳһλسǺô˵ǴһҲͰ˾ֻ˵˽ģԸպҲԸȨپıС
ڴͣһ
Ӳɴ⣬ǿЩ߰ɣͷԶˡ
˵ͣ¡
ͣ˽һʱͣˡŴ򿪵˽һƿ̽ȥ
һɼҳҸ¶°ľһ˾ģѱЩ;ûܸ
㣿
ҵͷŵġ
֮ɻ³һ֣ơ
ûȡΪҩ
ǣҼˡ
ûȡظҲˣһħ
Ĭͷ͸ȻѲΪλĬ
ҴߣҪõ켧ɣ㻹ͣǲǣԲԣץסӣĴ𰸡
硢ꡢѩŴϣҸоЩ䡣ӣʧĴ𰸡
飬ôҡ

ʮ

飬ôңҲǣʱ治ϲ˫۾񣬿˾ġ
ĬŮӰ޳˺㿪һҲ˲ڶһֿһ˵ǲѧģҲܡʮΪӾþʮ꣬˫ֲʹ֣ʮӵĹҲδķϡ
ëմ˵ѩҵЩģҲѩ㣬ȻѰ̵ţߣҶϲЩࡣҳϣΪ켧ֺγǣ١㻹һꡣ
ҡͷ͵͹ˣҸûȥˣֻ˵׼׼
СǣСﰡҺһһ˽սѵصͷ׼׼
ӣһɼҳԡ
Ĭ˫ɨȥһ̽Уξ
䲻ĵҧ
ץסĬӺݺݲһѩʪοųӣ˱ʡ
ӿߣ
ƥͬʱ˵׷ӱӱ޸ͷա
飬ΩһΡңͷҶᡭ

׷һʮ£ĬͼҳҲûϵǻô췵ءҳۣºܿ׷һҲ׷ͬʱ嵽ͷ
һǰͶľƺգĬһֻϲû˾ţ˻
ɽЦţЦһ˫ʶֹһͷһرݶϣ뵽Ĳǣ

ޣ
һĬϡҲʧЦѵŮϲ˿ˮ
ʩҲͰˣͼ𱨣һĶ˵ߵİǸӴǶԲٻҲ㣬ңôܰٻǶᲢأ
˴һѺ֣Ĭ쳱ӿһֱ˶
Ļͷǰݵߣͬı
νĬǰʦ㣬ñǰһַܳʲô硣СţҰҲˣ
⻰׼ŭ˰򣬲ɷľƺֹһ¾ºĬ˵Ҳ̫书ҲܿĬļҳȫ˵ĸ֣Ȼ֮ǰҲὫ°ľһ״õ֮ĵĸҶںҲܿ찢򸾱˹¾ս
Ĭ˹ϴﺰ
Ҳһ𣡡˵ĬְĿתҡ
ǰĹУξתסң¶ơ
ң
һ嵽ĬǰֵĽһĬߵļҳﲢҪ｣ֻǴֻ֣ڳٶһƴĬϣҲۡ
һ󺰣ܵʱž
˶һ˻Ŀ뿴ͬһһƥɫĸͷϵһſǷкȺ
ʦŵصɴ˫ۣþùȥŲһ䣬ʦ֡
ɽûгһſһĬȭӣҵڴ˵Ⱥˡ
Ҽ죬ǳλپʱͻȻʱգʧûˡ
ע⵽Ŀɨʱ¶ľ˵ϰĿʿһ·׷ԹԵظһ⣬ֻͷ˷ľҶɽǱˣ´ɱӣĬѵҵĲ˳һ룬û׼Ϊ˰һԴĬĺҵġ
һвˣɫֽĳҲס
ɽߣ
ҵȫʪ͸¡ѩƺͣ£ӷŰţʵסۣǺϵĴ󴬿ԽʶʵؼҵĳⲻͻˣһǰĴŮˣñסĲӣٽһѶ̽ĺͷ
ﰼݵûһ˿Ⱥ⣬˵ıҲûСɽֵͲ⣬ֻǱصеıҲܣҪۼеĽĺͷʩѹһѪߣŶ˽Ų
ҿ¡Ķӣʧԭˣĺӡ
СɽҲûˣһ˫۾ֻǶӣƺڵȴʲô
һ̶¶ҵЦ⣬Ĭ֪ʦδй֮ʵ

һɽ˫ңתͷûһ𣬳Ķ̽ѪǰܳӿһѪȪϵļ㶫þ÷Ӧ⾿ʲô¶

С
˻ͬʱ𶯶ĤѪӱҳסɽס׹塣
˽ɷݵ˫ץס½ֹǰУȻŤͷ󺰣ߣߡ߰ÿһѪȪ֡
ƺδлعƳȾѪĽҲ㳯ȥߵļҳһĽ̹ǵĺˮ
ûɽİ²жҲûǰӡֱӱϴ󴬣ɿɽѪ
Сɽֽסǵ˵ѪȪľһ˿ε
ҵ̫̫ӿпȳѪٳ˵һ仰Ωлʦ֡ʦлֻԶԡ
ɽһҡͷҵޣ˵һߡ
סˣκʲôʹѹڲϵ֣ѵؼһЦݣѪϴϴҡҸɸɾޡ
ûҪ𣿡

ߵѪŮ˸ǰḧĶӣӣûҪһʼûС
ʱ˵Ϊʦһ£˵˺ûʲôϲģǲ񡢵Ѫ㲻ϧ壬Ϊδ͸еĺһţʹûкĬһӡ
áϣšģȪ·һᡭһֱȥҸá˼ҡ
˵ᣬס˻ҹ˭ģģĺӰɱģĺӰɱɱ
䣬硢ꡢѩˡ

Ҵɽӵеã˦ֽƵһԼ˵Żǰһбԭ˲ǲֻǰⰮñȺ
ɿ§ӡģͻȻЦҵˣʱ˿̲ŸɷȨ
ʦ֣ǿĺӡ
һĻĺӣ˵˭˭ǿĺӣ˵ĻңңҲǺӡ
ҵ˼ڿҸǰޣҾֵ˺
ǲȥˣ
ǡһҾͺˣҸʲôҪôʵӦö˵ǡűҲҪ˵ǡ
ЦˣҪ˵ǡϴ㡣
֪вˣвˣ˵ҾĻ
ҲĵЦˣͷʵϣ
΢㶣漴һǣһΪ治
ǵģҲ˵ϡңҪ켧켧
޶һ˫ֳҼͬʱ֣һұˮһ
ˣҺޡĬؼңɢĬĬŻᱻнӲɢɽŻɱԼͺӣһеһж
ֻǺҲҪҺۣЪһůһһź

ʮģ[С]

ůͣůͣҲǡЩ֣ƱůҲƻ¯ߵȣ¯һůȴˣҲûԴԴϵȡϵؿӵֱȷԼװռůۡ
ҿʲôǣʲô״һ˿ҡ
룬룬Ҽǵáˣץ

ƻе̴ŮһҼӵǰѩѽǵĶʪ͸ǵȺʱˡ
ձϰϰ뱧µأѻҼͷѩҴڻȴһûʪֿ֮ٸк⣬¹סԼֻʪǵůͻ򺮲
һ䣬ʾҿϵ˿룬ֻŴ¡
ĵصл˵һԲ֪ʲôʱ
ϵϺӶֽԼϺɫһͷϣҿֻһĮȥΣա
ƺɫϵã̾ԹپһʵǴá
ҵ˵ͷûԹӦ֪ܵڱѡı³˵ѾĪĿˡ
Щ졭ָҵĶͷ΢΢üˡ
ҵͷڷգΣҵͼ룬ӲĴ
پԺĢһŽҴΣ߽ѺĵطЩԾﲻ ҳȥԩ Ľк˷֮ôž
Ҫ£ְѽ˴ɾίڴաһǵٵ˹˵
߽ηŵĵһ»ɾʯӣٿڵţѳƵǶϷղŵһӦþΪ˵˵ĴɨֹɨηεȫתƵ˱𴦣
ҽˮͷʱһЩע֮󣬵ٱѺ͵ȥˡǰԽԽһ˵ĵҲ̾Ǻİ컵£Щж׼ôá
ǿʱ֨֨У˿ѰȥǷС˫һһƯĲ˿һһץСס̫ˣš
ܾˣ
ȥ˽ҲץסСӴˣصѵϣһ˿ߡҰǰҡ»ӶǰûаӰ󡣿տڰĵطֻҵĺ˵ĻҲϲְ־ĵط
СĽ䣬̤ŽԼůͣΪЩѼžܿ˾İƣҲ˱뵽˳衣һŷһʶҲᣬᳪЩ

ǲסֻáҺһͨһƹеĻˣԾɲԸͣ¡ûøɿʵɤӱˣֳּ֮˰Ҳһ֡
ޱߵĺڰƺҪɵҾŵض֣ұûʣ˼¾ɵڵҲˡĵҿҲץסؿʹؿȣû
˵ɤӻ˵Щ߸ѳֻԼˣ˵ʲô˵ʲôأ˵˵
ǰԭƽĺںòƽˣƺӿؾγһУԽԽͿҾȥ
˵Щʲô˵ҡ
ұ˽ȥţϢܣܵϽȥ·йһƵģ⣬һů˵Ĺ
ҼǵãߣߵҲ֪
Ҳ֪ҴĶĶ
Ҳ֪ĲŮҲ䡭ҡҲһǻˡѪʹġˣԱˣˣˡٴˡ
Ҳپҹ֢Żҹ˯εһ˫¶ȵִʱǿĽˮճסҲ˦ڰҿ¶ȵʲôֻ֪Ҫ͵ýץסץסеһů
ұ˵Ρ˵գƺա뿪ڰηҼ˹⣬ץŵһֻ֣§סҵֻӺһ̫ٳתˣĴ۾ץ
Ȼء
Ȼ󣬸ҺһȶŵһðԡأһŮӵ˵ҪҸԡӲҪ֣ӲҪҺ
Ҳû뵽Լôо֮ǰҲȴʮҲҵ֡
ĪҪٷ֣ȻӿҪˣ
һŮֺֽУɵӵ׼ʱȼݡ
ؿ˫־סˣҺŮȥŭ⣬ЩʴӺ̿͡ôҪϳ˵ӣҰĽøһ˺ѵ˰
ڿ˽ڣ°ɡ
£Ծûаɿһ֡Ȳ¶ǣӵĽӲЩ֪ԣҾôôճ
һʪˡҵĽ˵
ҷת˺ܾò׹ȥ·ƭɿֱץĸ첲ƫ
Ұ侾̫š⣬۵ü漴ַ̧ץסҵֱסҵľӡ˵űиҵ֣Ӵյǰ
Էɿסĺ󾱣һֶҧ˻˫㿪ʼҵ·㶵ؿҵϵһһ⿪ȻҵǣһֻܣַٰŻԭ֣֮ҵ˫־뿪壬ܵסľӾ͵úš
Խӡ¡米ȹԼаºͳȫȥֻʣ·ɫĶº㡣֫Ƭ¶ںĿУ纮һһ
⾡һû¶ЦҵĹ󼧣ĪҪΪź򣿡
ԾֻõסĲ㶵ֻЦúܺÿооǰͺһڴͷȥѲǰһֻšضŰطʶʲôԾ㱻ͬʱ㱻䡭
ܷʲôֻҪűſУǡ§סĲӣǰ棬ʵ˽ס
ղɵ÷һĨȣҪƨɾͰһƣúȴһ㲻ۡСůůұ㱻ԡء
ȵĳˮַſԴ۶ڱҲⶳֱﲻס̽ͷһرߵҪת߿ҲͲץס°ڡ
СƤεҡͷһ֮ϵѡﶪ˵ϣһЦѷ̵ݶϣβһء
رߵ˶յֻ̫һ¿ʵţˮ˺һЩ΢ֵСǡ
¡һǺ죬ûˮұ͵شקԡأ˵ĶûڳˮС

ˮ߽ЦţҲŻϲ˫ֻסʹؽײĳذһͷײĶͷţǡ
ѽѽѽ
ƴŶţܿͱԴЩ۶ϲӡ

ʤ˺ݺݵҧһҵ°ͣǳͷҲֻգȻҪҧ
ĺ
Ҳü
ЦЦͷҺǰأֻǣСЩ
Сһ㿴ˣͷļϽסǰòû뵽һЦŨص˯ϮЦҺۣܿ˳ĺ硭
ˣӶˣԧϷˮ
Ϊβ˵ºڣ
оŵҲŻعˡΪʲô˵ºڣʵ̫Цô˵º㲻ˣгһմ̿Ͱѽϣ˵һ䡮̿;Ͳȡˣ
ٲˣҲٰؽȥŵ
ŵһҩζֱ۴ģﻮ˵ҩˡ

ΰ걻һ˫סиһأһ˿ҵţȵĴҪİ
ܿǣ˫ļѡˣ̰¶ȣõİʮšߡ
ԣš
塢ġ룬һ
ʮȻĴ´ץһǰǴϵͷޱȳ죬ʾһǱͷҲص߳˯ţˣ¡
˭İҲǣҪϮǣȥ㺰

ʮ壩

صϮ죬źŮǽӵͨȫ齣ҵеǵƻů㡣
Ҵӽһ⴩ŵıƸæӵҽݣƺɺ¼һƷһԵĶӵ½Ҽæӹ׶Ҩһͽ
һ߳һϲøٵóңԲﶨϲûʶ
ʢһź׶ͣס̧۶üЦŮһ°˱첻꺮ů
Ҷ׶ңʶ
æϢŭһ
ҵ˵ͷū澵ȷֲʲô˵ʲô˵졣Ըýѵһ
ּǷ֮ȥɻҪʲôʱţƣӡ
²ñһϵϸƽ󻹸һ̡
׶һ۾Ůɨʵһ
бۿһ飬ѱŵóѣȴһҲͬ
ƴнӹɫĻӣǰʵʾ£ʹʮ
б齣˵ȴŰɡҪ򼸸Ҳûף˵
žشϣƺɺһԴΣšͶĿ⾪ţҲһЦֺγǣҾȻˣȻܿƽ׽˰޶ԡ
ˡƺɣ㣬ȥ˺ҽ
𡭡л ״ѵ鿴Ҳһۣǿסλüҡ
Ҳ±Ǩŭƺһ˳ȥֻʣһ֪Ҫʲô˿ҾҪһңҪҡ
Ҵ鼸ʡ
ƶʮߵǰҵ֣οձףްġ
ǰ̾˵ú͸壬ҲӲ
ȴһο⣬ͺá

պԺⱻﴦնپٳٽϵźӱΪūյĹͣԺ򸾵ֻ֮ܵˣδκǣ棬޷
ԭͳɽϴԩ־󽫾˧ӡ򡢶ľƺҾΪپ̫ʽľƺΪͳ죬θͳ
˵ǸֻΪ˱ޱȷ֪˭Ľͳ˧
Ӧ
ڴ˲̫䵭ķӦü˵Ҳ֪˭ˡ
ҺЦ˭ģҲɽһλپշôȻҲ֪ʹʲôͨ
˵У书ΪǸ˵־󽫾ɽ֮ҲΩʦֽҲֵסǿ콣
̲סֻֽȴپ
ڴ˾ȣ֪
֪Ҷ˶ѥġҵ
ʱңһľϻմѪĶҵСѪİײֻǰҵСȳš֪ô뵽ҶеĶҲûذףϰ߰ⶫѥŽš
ʵǸԺܼ򵥵ˣ˼ûУһֻǿһûü˼ܣҲﶴۻΪ书˵ã̫ɸĴǴɱ񡣡
ɱҲǵ̿ͣ˵̫˹𣬹ҲɰɱĹ
ͬʦùĽҵвַ̫֮֮䣬ʦ縸˼ҿνԹ
ֻֽ֮޷ˣ԰еķߺһ̫˼У˲ŻЩ
˵˼Ҳһ򲻹ֲʹֲǳ˷ˡپ壬ֿϧǸ˲ţżЩ¡Ͼ̫ˣΪ³
پĸݣôû˵
ڴҲ̫ͬ࣬ôҲմ״ʵİɡ

ǰ۵ӣ˻۵Ĳ֣ʹһֻ׷кηǸԵòֶƥǧʶټپݹϵаβмܡλԱϵ֮
վ͵ˡ
Ĭһ˻ص֮ĵѹʦϰͣڴ˲ûжĿҵձ㿪ʼҽѧڿΣٲǰһϿᣬ˿μϢʱ䣬Ҳܹ׼ʱò͡ڴ˵ⲢǶиֻǰλپµǡôҾôˡŰɡ
ԭԶȴԽԽοΣʵڲĿĸڣֲıʦĽɽȨıЩ߰ĶҲ֪ԣپҲҪҵĶ
ڴˡҽסȥˣɽü鵽Բԣ
˭ͷԡˡ
û´ɽü鵽йʵȻֻüıɽʱͷѣƾĻһᱻǣűߡǹң¸վһЩָͷԣټĬ˽飬϶ԣ˻ûץʱѽìͷתԼеһжΪüȴδΪӡ
پҲ֪Ķ𣿡ʡ
ڴ˵ͷ
֪֪ɽڱӻװŲ֪ɽţﰲȻɽˡ֮䱾һЭ飬ˡɽѲΪž˵ġΪáշɽʱӦþͻﴦնˣʱɱöãҲǻﻹûкӡǲܹΪ֪ݺͨйܵˡ
򸾵Ϊʲô
֮ǰ̫ƺ⳷ȥԺ־󽫾һְ
ҽӵɽ棿
˼
Ҳ˵ҪĿǳɽж
Ĵԣ̫Ѹߣպߵһľ֮һ˵ϵķ˵ܳ裬Ҫ˵ȨֱȲһ壬û̫ķԺ⡮һˡƫƫиɽǰ·ò֪Ҫͽףɱɱ
ŮˣҲɽΪҪΪʲôͺۿ壡ҪǿǺӾ͸ɽģͲ˵ġϡҪǸĬߣӾ͸á
òã˭˵㡭˭˵㡭
˭˵㣿ҵڴȥ룬˵㡣
˵㣿ãȻؿ
Щѿ١

žһڴذ׵ҵգҵԴҵǺХɽֵͻԸΪ׵ĸעǻ㲻ǣװÿ޹Ҳ˰㵱С
˳ܣ˰ҵҺγ֪

պλپӭʮٳһҲ֪ΪҸȾ纮ûǰȥϯءҲˣҵϰοˡ
ϰĵطǷ紵¶쳡һůʦûڿΣίɽ㡺ͽͽܴΪѧĻһУ鵲㡺ͽϸȴʦǰ̣ǲҡ
֮һֻûôˣҲûʹΪߣÿһ¿ξƵı˯˹ȥǽҲвѣö֮Ҳ˯ҵʱ˰ҹ
˭֪һ󵨵ŮǾ˯Ҷԡء
پӡ鵨ӵؽš
ŷӦޣȥϴ

һбۣ澱ԹԵر졣ܺãõҼҪζˡ
赣ġ߽ڷ磬Цپ˵ˣеޡ
֧һŮЦˣҾΪ˸ˡ
ǡ̻һޱȱʹǹġ
˵λ𣿡
˵˭
ˣԲˡ
Ʋȷǻò
˭һ㣿
ɵüʲô˼
˭һ㣿ʡ
òصԲ˰ɡ
ǾԲˡƬ̺Ҹı⣬˵Ǵ˴Ӷģ
ͷԲԹĶѡеźġ
Ͻԡ磬Ȼȥҵ޷˷Ѿܷˣܵøһͷǡ
ǡҵ˼֮󺰣ﲻɣô۴ģ乬籴
ҽȥȥģҪҸޣ첻
˰Σһתȥּ
ҽסҧ˵㡣óһвô˹ұɡ

ʮ[С]

˱ҵ޷ЪϢᵽӭס¡֪ǲϴëշת컹˯ţ𴲽ҹŮǰˮȶ
ǰСסʱ˸ëÿ캮ʱȱʹ̣ҹѺˮܺۡڻʶǼѾȴҲůůëҲˡԴӵֿʼۣ޷յöжůͣҪѹʵȶůģƤůˮúʪ˱죬ɾǸо͡ҲȶҲмģǺڰĵط̫̣ʹ
Ůڽűҵ˫ŷУŽСĵزţֻϴź
û𣿡ڵĴ⣬Щ޷Ǳ߾ûһƻ
ﻹģŹ̡
˴⣬ջĿע˫Ϊϴŵ֣ٿԼָڴִѰ̵֣һʱζӡŮ֣֣˭ֵأ
ˣȥɡ
ﰲЪá
ѵƲһ
Ұ͵ƴһҹʱƺź𴲣ҶȦ۱Ҫһ޷˯һȥţپڰߡ
ƺ֧֧᲻˵ȥ
ĻеޣپȥԷ
Էپרĵط˵ǰ˺Ҳȥ˵ԼĵޣֻǺܶʱپԸǼңδҿԷһá
ô˵پ˺⣿Цʡ
ԭΪҲ˵Ĵ乬籴ҲⲻһͷҶˡ
ЩϴŰɣһڴ˾ˡԸٶ̸¡
پٳ󲻾ñأȻǻַǷֵҲֻЩȻġڻʶģһӻصһ꣬ôоѾ˺üĹ⾰
ɽˡߡᣬ˶˳˺һ긣մ󼪴˭ԸմϺ¡ǻ졢ӵϲ¶͵ڰһϲ͸˼ңɥֺǻƾɽҵȨԾвǰȥɥ
˵ҿپȥһһ䡮¡һҸ뿴ˣ˵ΪʲôҪȥǸŮˣǸΪТ壬ɱԼӵŮˡ
پٳ֮˼λɡͷһλˣֻϥӼգȻܷλپֻΪ֮һġ¡֮һɡ楡ˣֱǲܳǡϹ楺楡˺лˣΪ֮Ů
һ˵ݱˣ˵ǰûʽţϮĹ˶붫ĹɡеĹµġˡгһҲᱻΪǻʣΪ׵ġλ𣿿ֻ˸λǲˣƷߣ˸λȻȴ΢֮þ֮ĸձپԴ˴Ϊͣˡʶ塢ؽ󡯣֮׷˲ʹ͡
෴ˡԭ֮ǰپƫһЩպҲ֣֮λпܾ˵ġ㲻㣬㲻õˣϮΪ𣬾عҲ֮²
ּ·׷ײ²ܷļλ˭پĳ谮˵ò楣˵΢֮µĲܳǶ´ˡپ³ֻеһˡ
Ȼ˵ģپˣ˺󼸸ƵƵޣŮٴеĹָһסȻּ£ֻҪңҪóסĵطҲС
⼸Щ鷳ˡ켧Ҳһ󹬵ĹˡЮֹ¼˴ԣв岻׵ĹϵԲŻᱳپ֮δϯپٳԼϦԪڵȼʢ磬Ұ꾫͸پΪ׵ļλұָ֮ǡ
޴ӵ֪ʲô⡣ֻһΣЩķݲԼīˡǼλŮ١˵ʲôѼǲ̫֮ҵġ˼̵Ҫл֮£ԴǼнҺΪ֮˼
ڴ˷ǳҰ̸һЩúͺ󹬵ķˡ˵λﶼڶپͷ缷ңˣǵļԼһЩپ˵ҵ㲻ǡԺڴ̽ԭǶûкøйԭǣǴ֪պп ˵ɲҥԣپĽ̴͸¶ġ
ڴ˵ĿҪҪࡣΪҡ켧ݣΪƽϢŭҴ乬ҲΪݣپֻһ仰Ǳ죬ǣ紦켧ˡûҲһѰӣǲظҲ״òá
ԭֹҪ켧ħݣ֮Ҳұܵġ
ֻЪϢʮգ֮ϰκԶһ겻ġֻڴԽԽҵǰΣ⼸½ûĽ˾ҡûңɸѡСǺ˲飬ǶʲôģֶҪ
ֶˣˡеĺңյǸڴˣôЩֵֹ¶ϻؾǺˮһĶһƤ
ЦŴùңӵǽűûֲˡ
ô˵˫֣ݹˮԺǲǰϸ٣ҵ˵
ǰƺͬصͷ˺̴Ҳ˵ڴ˺˵ãҽҲȲˡ
ǲ֪һʲô߿۵֡
ʲôʲô߽һźһѪ
Ҽæ˵ոճԵ̫࣬ˡ
Ӳ׵ֵߣһСˮʡѪֻҪұǺȲɣһҲ˷ѡ
ЩûУǣҵ֡
²ͷʹʲôᡣ
Цúϲ죬ﲻûãǱһֱʹţӽײǰ
ӲġЦ
Ҳŵͷ͡
˻Цие˿οů⣬ǡ
˫ԺּڷܺѧʵǲòΪ֮Ѿ˰һһźҲû飬ڴԽԽûģûųͷңֻÿĿҾ͸оƵģһαһζһαһҪٲ鼸Ͻҵҿϵġ顯֪ж١
ʹ㾢ʱ⴫ͨ
ĵ
ƷŮ١ĵپǰݵŮ̹٣ĵΪ֮һ־ͲȵΪóġϯŮ١

ϵһô˵Ůϻصĵ˵ˣǷپ֮ǰ
ҾܾȺɡ
ĵǰҲΪģֻپʹһĶһɫĵ
תپлĺ⣬졭
ƷɿסҵͣҶߺݺ˵뷸𣡡
⡭ĵŴûлʣһʱŲ֪ôػ
ܻؾĵĵ棬Ų谸ϵһ͵£ôҲļӲҵ
ͦʹġҳ޵
ۿĵҪʣϽǰţ
̧ͷƺҲһı飬һζеοӲʵġ
ƴŭԴӲʵеСطС
ƺɺϽͳ˿ǰҹҵĺۼ
ʹ͸գپеΪĵȥ״ѵңɲ߻һˣϲɫҪѵ˵ӡ
һұһ񣬡μپ
һˡƽ񡣡
΢΢ҷ˷ݼ
񡣡ҵ
پΪģҸһš˵еˣеλң͸ʲôȫƾ
Ҳϵͷ˵ãҸʲôֻѯƣƿһʲôã
΢㶣漴˵˵㡣˵ǣ֮Ǿɣǡݡ¡ǡݡ¡ǡݡ£Ʒ楾ˣƷ˾ˣƷ˾ˣƷ˾ˣƷֵɢɡ
ǡһģǾ͸ȻϽˡ
лپ䣬ꡣϲ˲ҵĻ˵ѹڵϰлʶ
پӣд˴񡣡
ȻתͷһδͷϵµأӣԼҲеİ
Цͷָ⡣
ϲپ
ҷҪϷ٣ǲ˼Ҳûϣǲ֪ôŪİָˡ

ʮߣ[]

ϲپ
ҷҪϷ٣ǲ˼Ҳûϣǲ֪ôŪİָˡ
Ҫ˷ǾͷɣҲڷѯҵǴӴҰĬصֲҹؽΣҸܵĳͷȥҲǣҷµġûǵû֪ô顯Žҳۡ
ʱ㿪ʼ໥׶̣޴ỻأҴʹҴ̵øʹΪɣֻͷԹͺΩж׵˷й˭˭ͱ̵ʹ
ŸʲôۿߵһŮ
Ͻǰ˿ΪֹѪ
ץ˿ţһѽƿµˣ˵ǣʡҲҲãܶƽһ죬µһһ׵ؿ磬˵ǲǣұˣΪʲôҪ˺ù
ɫۿ֮پͶȥԹĿ⣬پþò̬ŲʲԸػص˵ǡ
ˣͷһ˰ɡ
ΪҺͿˣǴ˷Ʒס
ҼǴ𣬲ƷƷûǴ
Ե˲תͷʵپΣٲһٱӰɣҺˡ
˾ټΪ
бüң촽һĨӺǳЦлɡ
ֹˣҲˣȻ
עԴ͵΢ЦôҲĥ͸˾ʲôġ
ҲˣȻȥЪϢЩʱȥ㡣
ˣлزĵһŮٴŮǰ԰Žá
پĿֱıӰʧһϵЦһɨָƽصȻ
ϳ

ڷϵָһ漴һУԵһŮĽ˳ˤ롣
飡Ҹտǰһͱ̴ͦסԼֹæװĵĮ飬پǷ˹
վ˸䲻²˵㲻֪˵ǶǼһкĩ˻֪͡ˣ
ֲű߼ʵĻ֪ʲôҵŮкιϵָ֪ʲô
ҵϵԴһϵʹۼüһϸ˳һֺּӡ
ҲһѶסҵקǰ㲻֪
ᳶǣַ˵֪ҵȷ֪ʲô¶ϲŭӡ
һֻ֡
û׹ָһ飬һƺĺбȴʹ˶Ĥתͷڽµ֫룬ǲ֪ҵһֱֻ˶ϿڴԶĵطںѪӿܿ۳һŮļֻǰںͷҷ
ĺһһ̴ֱһһͣһһ
쭳Ѫǰ̴ڵסûŪҺĻ¡ŵȽŷȫһֲֻվס
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֪־壬ĿȴӿѪĶϿճסôҲƲ
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ְסֹסĶº˵ǼĹǼСС֮衯
ǰŮʱӵ˵Ǽѩԭһֺɫʯй֮裬׳ѪɫʮֺУ˵еĹǵӺŮ,סĹȫñʯ,ǽڻŮ任ͬɫɫʾ質֮裬ҲǵӺŮ質˼Ů񲢲չ¶ҪɵһɫѪʮֲף˵һǱĿԻһǳأֵǲǿ֮ʡ
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ѱѪ˰ߣۺ°ĵ˿֯װܺõЩҺȵȾɰɫ汻ѹڵϣֻüʹʹı顣
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ΪΪ֪پʹһҼǵѪʱ˵һ䡮ͨһԣپֻʹһء ҲҲپһ֪һ֪ǡӦ֪ġ
ĵʱŮͨ˵ǡĵپ֮ǰǡپĵʹ͡Ҳ˵ʹѪ¶ûдĵٸ£ôᴫپΪߵֵΣôе˵ȥġʱڳơࡢƺɡˣΪʲô顭
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Ϊʲôʵ
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ҲΪֵһиµЩɡôͻȻתͷңһŽݺѪһ˫ĵñͭ˫ۡ
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˵ͣĵŹ⡭ʱţҲ˵Ϣɢ֪ҲֻơˣƲְĵߺ󲻾Ҳˣһֱߣֱҹ뿪ҲԼ˵ʲôֻǸתĶ״ε˵ţֻ֮ƺ飬ֻʱ䡭
ΪʲôƣΪʲôأΪʲôҲ֪ˣپΪƸֵΣߵ߿飬ÿһ˶żţپͨʲô֪ģ
Ҳߡ
ƣֻ顣ҲߣƸˣ㰲ߵˣһ
㻹֪ġЦŵͷ§»Ϊνպò㣬Ը͸֪˵תһŮȥЪϢ
һұƿͶһҾȻԲѡ
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ǼӦãѪ⣬ձͷ
˿̵͸ղŵһޣҲ˸
Ѫ񣬹֮裬˵ǻ֪Ǽ˹֪Ѫ԰ɡǣЩ֪ˣ˭ˣ

ʮˣ[С]

Ѫ񣬹֮裬˵ǻ֪Ǽ˹֪Ѫ԰ɡǣЩ֪ˣ˭ˣ
ûҵĻıһ˿ɫֻǳЦ⻰Ӻ˵Ǽپٳʱһ䱦Ϊ䱦֮ ֮衯ɵһ⣬ǷϮ˽֪֮¡Ωﲻ֪ʱص㲦İˡ˭֪һû˵Ҳǰ˵
ô򵥣
Ȼǣ˵Цһ˫Цеһ㣬ʲô
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پҲûʲô˼룬˯ɣ˯һõ±ˡ
˵ǰȴֳ鱻ֵһĻƺ˭֫壬ˣǰ磬Դ飬Ű磬ſ֣ſԴĻصһǿ˫֣ǿԴԴűߣһմѪ۵Ĵ۾ҡ
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ǼٵװģһСŮʲôûҲбϲȥ˭Ҫģ˭ܵĺģ
ٴγĪپҪ¶ʵѣ
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ﾲĬ˺ð죬ͬɫͬװŮڴ߹£ҵֱϣһ˵ΩһᱳǱࡣ
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һǰʦʹ⡮Ρʱֻȴû뵽ΰ˶ôѧ衣һһοһͣȴ鲽Ҳǲء֮ѧ˰ֻѧ̵ʱ˫ŻȰԼĽűȵס
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ʮһ[С]

СӳʮԺپʮٳһһλĿˣǼС¦衣
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ܵԽǾһڴЦ⡣
˱ӸҲǰɣֻǵЩɱҵˣӡ
پ硢үĽӷ硢ʳӵİҶûϯܸѺ֮ѴĬҪҲЩ¶
ǼС弴үʱһؿ͡˵ʱپཻĻ˷үհѾƾ̸òֱ˻ʳӵİүźپϧһʱ䱻ǼΪѻ
ү֮ǰ徲õеپĿͣĵپױǰȥݡ
ŮһصǿױʱٴУʮʮͷһѡﶼһȥʱΪŪһױݺŷС
֮ĵƽĵطֱǰĵҲû˾Ϊ¡
μپ
ֻˣһλװ廪پұ³˰˾ŷ֣پֳ֮΢΢˷
ңˣǡ˵һµذ
ҲΪʲôҡˡеδ̫ˣǼһ֮֮ϵ尡
پǰдѼŶ˵ү
Ƿү
ү֣ͷؿһˣȻһֺǵϸϸشһپλǹﲻһ˵ģҲɾǲһλ
پüʾϴ
үһҲ˼еڣȻԼǰȻءߣǹ欷ӯˣǰƽƽĺƽƽģﵹСŮޡ
Խϲ壬ĿƵ˵ˡ
ôˣ
һͷؿһۣҡͷ̾ϢˣС廹Ǵүᶼˡ
پϣ˵˵Ҳѽ
ɣϣүᱻ̫ңֻš
պү̻عĵپһͬΪүУ˵үġͼپеǽɼλСݵ˵áүǹǰյ£ΪĳԲѷǸ˵䳶ֵѿȴֲҽʹģǻ
˵λپĿ˿ҲˣܹЦݵ˴û˻ɡִĵ׵۽ǵЦݣ˿ű̲סȥһ˿⡣û뵽ˣһʵ˽ѡ
ȥ;ͬһԶĬŴ⣬ȴҪҵİ
䣿
šҵ˵ͷһľɫ
ĵ
תͷҪһЦȴ˰;̫ˣ
סҵ۾ůȵĺϣҵʱʧȥ˴ݺ򶨣æ˺ǳڣҲ˲ˡ
˲˻ңҵ۾бб㿴ҵͼһ§ҵ˫ȼ䡣
ʲôʵ
ʱܸѳᡣһص
Ϊֻᱻˤ򣬵ûСûжҷһ˿ֻĬĬؽͷҵǰү˵ġƽƽġǰǡ
ʲôҸоҵʹ̫ǿңԱʲôҲо
ݵʧһָپģ
پƼݡ
پ俢Ӣ䣬ղһĻƺֻһ˵Ĵ
˻ʳӵİ硢үǱ֮Ļ˺پӰճͬʱҲڿǵһ䣬µʱĺɱÿӣҸлС
˵Уڴ˵ŶܰеҵĻӡǰ˺ݻҲòӲͷƤϡս˵ʮȫͷߣѿСɵĹ䴩ǵͷͻءǳ۳ƽأÿһʮֽҪܿǵͷ˼ԴˣڴԸпšԼҪϰ
ÿϰҶľսÿһҵľĹһ㣬ֱ֧صضڼϲɳãҵġϸҪҵͻͽ
еƵİƤľܣһȴһ˱ͨĶܰУҿܰļͷĺʱЩ˿ӡֻǴͷƤû˼ҵˤһ̯˽Ƶľþڴֱá
Ҳû뵽ҾãҶ˺ֹҲϰһЩ˱һ޶ԡԭΪɱһ˺ף˭벻һЩɱһ˲һãɱˣҿɲȥ롣
һһħ̨ϱݾմ̼ķɵ˰СħʦŮҪѡһ˧˧ҵ˰Сݿʼ˧˰бתϣҪչʾһµѩ̴ܴķɵȻһϢ;һѡİһת˰СҺڹڿǵġһʧְ˰𣿾Բᡣʵеķɵûһŵ˦䶯֮ؽĿڴǻڶעۼתϵ˰ϣ֮ҷɿĶ谵ĵƹ⣬Լת̺Ǹɵʱϵõһпġ
չħǼٵģҲûһٵĻģ˫ˣϷһմѪȡ
ʮֻδУǰνһǧڴһ߿һʾձ
ҴĹάһʱ䶼ţЩֹƵػǰ䣬˭ٷСǾ˲٣µʻɲת䣬ᱳҲǰôһڴ˽ķʽλپ񣬶ק֡ǿд˱ߡ
Һ˭úãҹĵʡ
ڴԴЦãá
֪ЦʲôҾԼʵԲ
Щɣһĥ͸ˡһŮǰߴٵ
ˣסؿе
Ҫڴ̴ˣ
ҡͷǣ֪ôͻȻŵ̧ͷŲԶɳĵطپǶ
پ˲֪Ϊ֪ʡ
ȥ
ҲÿڡȴδȥǱ߹ս͵ҽ棬ȥʶһ
ݡ
߸ߵΧһֻЩˤ˳ȥŵڴ˾СҳΧĻҳɢȥҲձˡ
ְûûôôҡԡԡ׷ڴ˾δغš
ƽϢĿأҵԽԽšǰһƬѹͷĪľţ૵ôˡ
ڴҵһƬأ˫ص̾ط̫СپʩչֽŰ
ء
ҪؾͱԶɽ´һƥڿסĿ⣬ϵ˿壬һƲ˻֪˭ڴ˼״ЦЦ߿Ǵǰȥƽֻǰۣôˣȥһۡ
ڿʲôרעҿҲûв˳ĿķȥʲôҲûаȵȣӰӣǡ
ͻȻתͷһɫʱ䡣
Ҹæ١

δѵ˸ǰһץסеסͷת򣬽ֺݺ˦һޣҿµ̳Զһͷôһ£̿ͣɱˣȲװҲĽʿȴֳֵǴ̿ʲô
ӦÿӱȥȵģɲӸѾͷ˻ȥ
㣿ӭϴ̿͵סܻغ
̿ͼһŮ˳Ҳһ㶣ͻȻһָҵеӣҲĿͶϴ׺Ļɫ룬һɱ
ɱȴûиǻߣһ᳤ʱ㵲ס˵·浶潣ɱ¾Ƭ似ʽٶȵĶԾܿͼһ˵Ľ£˿ˤֻ֪ϣ۾̿͵ĵС
ߣ
ҶˣֻŮӣΪ˽֪켧
Ȼһǡ뺺ӲټǰɱңǺһһȫл
ӣûм񹭣뵽ͷϵӡһѳͷϵӣͷĴָС飬Ƕܹ
־񹭡ӼһգҸټдˣ
еͣһ˲ˣ˹ƣ뺺̰ҾٽɱһŤƴ赲һ̴뺺ӼΣͬʱǰҲƽһһǳѪڡҵĹ˻һΣһʧȥ׼ͷ
࡭࡭
ҵ߶һ߲ƫֺعᴩ뺺ӵءܵһлɳãҲСеĶŻӵĶɲֻһÿΣһ۵ǰʬ壬˵ڶ
ӶദȴЩֽŵСˣӽΪǰһѪ̫ˣټǰһ˲Ǿ·硣ΪֵȴԽɱԽоеĽɱ۵һš
࡭࡭
ٴ߶ͷ׼ӵ֮ζӺƶ̫죬ôҲ鲻׼ͷʱʱػָϡϣͻȻܳһͷסҡ
ҵļҲ

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Ӻƶ̫죬ôҲ鲻׼ͷʱʱػָϡϣͻȻܳһͷסҡҵļҲ
Ҿټʱһĵѱƴһӵĺбѷɳ˵𵯿ǹеĹͷǱʯס֮һֱָǴ̿ӡ
ĵ׵ľƺǾٽӭϴ̿͵תͷǱһ˸衣һٱӹʱӵӥצٿҲ첻ҵļ
һ߻ϸûӵֻ˼ιǣһѸ㹻ʱ䣬һӵԴıȥ
սʺûлͷңǶѪеĺڿʱԶٵĽŲͽǰɫȹڴˡһӣһɱ¾֮ǲδЩְ
ɱңοͻȻվסҡ
ҲɵĺˣԭΪҷɿѼת˴̿һ˲䵱ۣǿ
ηҡͷ
ң޲ɱңʡ
ҴҲ֪ҡͷǵͷԲƽˣޱȴǱκα鶼ÿµˣұ֮߱ͷңҲñҵԴ
Ҳáֻ³֣Ҳѱǰ
Ҳãʲô˼ɱҲãҺҲã

һطˣƣѵ˻ÿƿǰΪֹѪڴȥ
һֱսɿ񹭵µءһֱ̣ĸо
Ϊﴫҽ٣
ºδ׷κ˵
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һ㳲ʮ̿Ͷǳ͢СŵϺŵɱ֣书Ҳʱˤ߸֪ǾһԾѡӴ˴ǲֻӱһϣҲûСֻҪһ˫ĹǱӱ𴦣泤˳ҲڻʵĴⱻ
ʮˤ߸ʣµȻ̳ǰ˹پ书˵Ҳһȫˡ
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˵ҲҪȫˣһһʲôϦô
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ĵ鲽߽ҲͻȻЩִٲӸ밲
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˵¶ĵ˿صپްȬǰֵȥˣﲻعһ
ҵͷȥɡ
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ĵһұֱߵĲ豭ˤ˳ȥڸʲôҵĵʲôһ¹ȥˣûдһ仰ôĹ
һݵ˱ͻŭŵòҿڲȥһСŮһ߽Ƭһ˵ǵپƣȥ̽ʰ
ʰġҺһ۱ҡҵŹ֣ǻҵ£
һ£мûһʱ򣬵һȴһüμԼããĴûһҷһԭ쳩εҲʧˣ˭ҲڣֻһˡʹԼʹ
پˣ
ĵߺûñپĿͣڰǰ԰硣
԰پʹ͸ξ極ľӴλپ޵ͷϮ֮䣬ξҲΨһһסڡ󹬡֮еɡ
λξ楲ǺŮǼСүǰ͸پĸ輧үԼǾپߵʵڲһؽλòĸ輧
ҺʹǰһֳܲŮױ磬ﻹʱʱðһ䡮ȥֻ˿ҲԼͷȴȲлҪ˵˵ɡ

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԰ʱǻûɼҽŷ׷ǵƷ׵Ǹڡûϯǰһλֻй˵Ӳϯһλǰûмף˵Ҳ³˭
ξ楹紫˵ģģӳܱȡ¼ŮӣĵɫȲáҲΨﱾҵò֮ЩɫλŮӵķӯ次
ѵ˸ǰξûôˣһ˫ӣƳҪѵ⣬æ¡ӳܣǶЦ
켧ξƤЦʵ
켧Ľз
ǡһһ䣬Ȼ
ԵҺ֮پݱ㵽ˣ񣬷ξȴӭȥסپĸ첲һߵ
˵һⲻ֪ǵķŮ
תͷȥԭߵ楣ͬǴӵ˱ðۣתͷᡣپû׼ϲŮ֪ǣ˵ģ˭Ҫ˭ȥ˵
ϯپԵ٣ξ極Цö࣬ﻹʱʱسԽʦһϯһݡξʵ˶öֲֻ֣Լ質軹һϳǸࡣ
پ˼Ȼǳȡ־ϣһֶ衣ɻξڱʹָʹǱһ衣
پȴǵͷơáɸŭԷ׷װĿͶңδϯôع󼧱֮ףҵΪǳͷҲҿţҸʲôپ㣬㰮ɶɶȥ
ĬأͷӣǾ仰ҵ¡
پξԽطӾɵºͲܳҲοﻹݸ󡣳һ׷绨ѩµʫξЦپ˿ڡۡȴ˵ɨپˣԸһˡ
Ҫ˵ֻξ楲ĵֳ棬ÿһ˶ţΪⷬŮ֪βóϹϲϷܳһֺʫʣ֪ӵúãҴӱλλһһ˵Ķûš
Ҳԡ
һˣپĿξ楱ٸ˹ȥһͬӴ˭øãȵı顢Լپ͵΢ЦƺξҪʤһ
δӣùټЦˡ˵˵ֵˣ˵ʹûʹ
Լæ̧ͷټüžһξ楶ţ˵ȷپϣΪ֮һҿԸһ֮ʹĹ˶ʮ͢ȣپҲ޻˵
һֱ¶ЦپһɽƬָֻǰĺɫðˣǺã
ô˵һξǵЦǶˣ⻰Ƕξ極ĬңǺá
ѥذףһת֮󵶡ʷֿξֱĻܿһ˼п޺
ҵҵ
˰ڶŻˡû˦ȥֻ룬ֻŻֻŻһ£ǵƫˣ
پҵҵŮһסѪһץ½кš
ҽ١ƽ˵һתҡ
ûб̲סҪߡ뼴ĴصģӣȴòɾҾֲʱȴǵЦˣЦŻˡ
پҽٸξȴץپ䲻뿪
ԴЦʣĪ㻹Ҫȥһɣ
ξصɴֹͣ˽кƬ̺ƺʲôɿŮҽȥ
űߵľɫˡľɫˣپźͲᣬתͷŨŨָͲɣúõһ˾ͱˡ
ɢ˰ɡ
һ£ܾŵҲһѸ£һˡңԿſڡ
ûС׷ȥûУûҪɱ㣡ûУһɲҲֻһ룬ֻ룬Ҳɱɱ
죡䱸ؿһ±ǲǣ
ԭ䵽ǰһеšס˻ţԭúõģúõİ˵ˣҸޣҸѳᣬΪʲôҪЩһܲ˵ģһģҺ㣡Һ㰡
Ҳ̫֣СܵĽңһʲôĸǱҪ˵Ĺܻ᲻ᱻ̤

ʮ[С]

ͷһţص쾪ԴͿҪ˿һӲҪҿҿ浽һĺڸΣ
һڷ裬Ҵ󺰴ȻϲޱûϽƿ򿪣Ҷʣʴȡ
ڲˣҵӣȡϵһУպұǰ̨һʱ䲻ڸУҪԴ±һ仰پ㱳Ų߿
Դ
Һ߳һͳԴȥͷһ䲽嵽̧ȺݺݴһšҵڶδҲôɣ
̨׵˱Ҵǰһûҿ̫õЦһƬӰҵͷգۼұС󾱱סקȥʢŭ˵ݣһҵԴ͸ñšˡ
ȴǽҵԴļͷӵסҵֽɣ˽Ҫ˵Ļǧ˸ŴӺＷһ䣬ٸЩʱգٸЩʱա
ٸЩʱգ˵ĻҲԹҰɣƫҪǰųܣΪΪɷеųܡ
ԣպһ־Ƶ뿪ǰտ÷Ϯʽλƹܺ󹬵Ȩ
ͬʱ־󽫾ɽͽͳְɽüİµ־ǣɽصеǰĽͳһְ˴εְɽӧĻû볯ҵİΣġ
˯ÿɺãڡѥˮ񡭡
ץʲôϽסƺɺȥ
ﴩŲʣȥһס˱֧Ÿÿ壬پģ
ҵͷ
ξ˯˼ҹˣŰյ
ƴĵ壬мֲ֪ʲô壬ĥòſǸڡ֡ڣ֣֡ųܣԸųһЩԸһʹԹ԰ùЩ
վңġҪģ˭Ҳǣסֹˣһʹʲôֻʹǿһյǹ롣
˵ҸЩʲôĶҾҸЩʲôŶԡ
ҵ˼һΪҲһ˵ĵ׸Ƶģֺ˵һ䡣
ᳶױ̨ǰ£Ȼ㵽ȥһˣҽӲʣϮ¶ͷˡϣùҴһЩһپƽƽǲ˰
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ҪԴôһûȥ
Ů˵
ɽһţɲʧˣ
ͷϺױ·ǰʱԺ£ҾͲϲκʱҪע̬ױݣ촩ŷȵĽ»ųصļ䣬ϰҲۡ
ҺȻڴڵʱǻֻ򵥵ľװɶˡϧ־ķڴ˸پȥˣ˵ҪϹͷܶٺúչչһͶŮñĹ⸮
⸮ġ
˵ʲô
ƺɣ㻹һ˼ǵøңҸǱһݼױԣҲϣҲط
Ƥƺɲضš
ƸˡȤţһٺô
㲻Ҫ
һһ㶵ӲŻع񣬹ϲҪҪʱɱġ
űˣȡ
ˣ߰ɣ˸õȾˡ
ɽһĻһӣԶԶž죬Ķʱѽг

ϵã
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㣿һ㡯ҵļ䣬̿ͣ
һϲغң㣬ˣ
̫ͦõ˻ȥ£
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յɽæңҲ˳ȥڣ޷
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ҵǵãΨһһܴʵĴ̿ͣΪνҰ㣿
ʧشԴˡ
˵ľˡɽ˵
ǸסС
ɻǵϵɳӣһ̰˺ϲǰҸˡ
С򣬺ɳӡǸӣ
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ǵģǺǽҰ㡣һζ꣬ʱĺѳǰͦεӺһλپ
书ףְ߿ɱȫ˶ɽֵɷģġ
˵ͷ絷⣬ģģ֮ǰǮѾǸˣ˭ҽɽɽҲ԰㲻ֻҪҵͷھûܶһͷ
Ϊ㣿ʵ
⻹ӽԺģϵɽ»𺣰ܷԸֻҪһ仰ǣҰɰ㣬ҿɱſڵŧǿˣұֻ֤Ҫ֮ڡ
Ҳ룬ɽܵˣӦȸͷ
Ҳ˵ˣסֿ˿ڣһ䣬ҽˮǸԸȡ֣ǻҲЩںôҡ
ˣɽֺһ㣬س߳һţ߹ڵأ￴𣿡
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ã˵ǰΪ֤ʵԷǼ٣ӽݵǰἰ£ҸͷУǰǺεˣզզ
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ɲˣأڿǰô֪㲻԰ѽû˵Сӱ㱻ɽݺݴɳȥ
СԶɽŵ𿴴˷񲲻ӣһ˴־˵վǰҲ̾硣
ˡ
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＾Ϯʼ˷ַº졣µｫСίңԸҺúðס
μ
ǰ鶪ͷĲŮ٣Һôһһ߹ñץ˻
λˣƵȻǵô͡
Ӽˡ
ƺԽԽһλ
Ư·ֿʼϸõ·һһ˫־Ͳûӡӡ档
ǰ˸ŭԣ㲻ˣľ߾ͳצӴȥ
ѽҸʲôˡյһֱ칣ֽúݰϹţ
˵ʲô

˵ŹβͶŭĿҲһǱʹˣѶʮƽС֮ҲʱЦϹšһʻǶѧģȴûΪʲôô˵أ
ЩǸ˭ģôܰһλָŷڽһš
Ҫȥڵġӻص
پ޵û˽³ơҲǵסŮ졣
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𼱣ˣˣСӳÿɿˡ
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⡭̫á
֪ʣ¶ĸĽլʳҲãУҵȥ
Ƽæұסѽҵǧˣ
ԣҲȥҲȥȥʲôã¶һҲûУȥˡ
ϣһƵľȥ֮˼޹
ס۵ĽʹⰤģˣ
ˡû˵
ңҵúú룬ôͻȥصǵļҡɷ͵ߡ
ƺµ룬ɫɵ¡
ǰۿ³ΪҲͬ·ɵˣ

ʮģ[С]

첻ɽܸɴ˵֣ǲ죬ǰ첻
Ľ͡
ң⻰

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˵ĻҵĿúһˡ
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㲻پͷ
ҽеĶ׳ȥɽӹɽһš
嵫ûֻ֧ģҲѶ졣ɽΪѡ
˼һȥʱĸ˯ȥš·ʵĲҲǣǿ˵ǷּĻû˵ֻƵھһᣬɱ
ɽ˵ͷһԡ
ȥ׼ɡ
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һپظø˿ͷˡ
˳Եÿͷ٣µġҺûͬĵ˵
أ
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Цҡͷ˵پԲ£Ǳ֪鷳ˡ
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ˣճȥּҴҵطǱߴʱǰˤһողһλӣ
һü⣬ٵȥˡϲֵһλӡ
ҲżȴһŮƼˡƸиͣǣǣһҲͰˣһҪںεӴ
˵ģˣ
ƵĻһ뷨ĵȥǶ׷Դ˵Ҫһá
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СģôͻȻˤһƺɻ˵
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Ұβ˵ĻºͬͷƺͬʱС
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Һߵ֪ȥʴҽǻʹ»ġ
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ӳǾ´ˣپӦûܿ콫ϱû׼ĸ·Ͼͻᱻɱɽǲ뿪ģô˭أʶƺࡣ˿ΪʲôϲᵳƣвܵһһǴ粽С
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ܱץҲҵˣʬױ֤֤ɽʱλپĹҲ
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˿Ҷԭ˹Ϊ˵ҲɵôȤǻǿ򿡣ǣ˶
Ӳһףͷ˰ɡ
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ھĴӸΪ򿤹µĶӦ⿤ӲŮ˵Ĳԣҵһ
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ҽӹ˫ַϵĵ壬ϥǸڡ֡پⶫҲʵǴ󷽣ҵ˰ϡ
һֻӥǺļˡҺԼԲڹҲҪʡͭǮɳԡǼһܲؼ˾ץҲʱץѪۡ
ӥأûŹ
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ǻһ
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𣿡ϥϵ壬ק˦ȦͻȻһӣ˵ľ紵ˣصǵڽſڣԸһ䣬ҰպáʲҪʲôá
ҵϣһˣͼʹ졣

ʮ壩[С]

¶һԺ極һŮʵһ˵֮ÿŶҪԵöЩһһŮʥȴûΪ˵ȴϲ»ضֻȺʥּһλϰһλ
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żеѣû˵ذɡȻĲ࣬Ҳж¶֪ġ
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Ҳ֪̾ǸӴ
ҿ̾̾ȥļû˵ˮߣôʲô
ϡϲ⣬Զ֪һ̵ǹǶϻСֻվӲȦעҪӣǾ͵Щǹ˵ɡ
һطϮ᲻һλأҲһ̾
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бۿһӣֵɡëͰεӡ
쳯ǺƺƵǰȥӭӣûȥķһӵϰҵøϿ첹ǽʦҪȥӼݣλʦҲƨɺͷû˸Ͽֻøĵϰ䡣
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Ҳû뿪ΧͳĵϼƺɶˮϴູΪ׼һŨĲͼ̾ĸ㣬ΧȦʲڵɽ磬ΣΪɵͷ
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ʱɫϵУÿվۼٽϰǶԭشٰȫԴ
ûǼǴ̿ͼٰģĿǽٽȻ;нҽɱ
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ܣ˲ˣǾͿˡ˵ָϽסڱǡ
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ҡ
ҿ˵ѰվǰżϢʵǿи񣿡
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һѾϵεҴ𰸣ǵûǿϵӣʱû뵽ת׹㷵ɱҡ
֣ûпʲôٴδＷ仰
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Ϊ롭ҽŽͣǡǳš
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Ϊ룿ãõúܡתͷĿͶŮ̿ͣһ
ԸµسȥһȲмǰ
ѥĶó
ҹԹԵضѥذף²ͼֻŮָ̿ļͷһ̿͵ļǱ㱻飬漴һҲšˡǱšֵֻŮûзһʹͿʹȥ
ȻصҸǰ˲Ҷǰͷţȥɱˡ
ҿΪԼĶˡ˵ʲô

ʮ[]

ȥɱˡ
ҿΪԼĶˡǴҿѪĹâûȷǽȥɱˡ
ŹһأɱΪ»Դú档ҵĲ˵
̧һеĹ֡ȫ˵˼֮⣬ټĿյֻҺŮ̿͡
ذףһȲм˫۶ϹǵŮӣһģʮŮ
û켧ɱɱһͬţ漴㱻šϾȥ
켧Ůӿֳ˷֮ɫɱ¾˷ܡֻñɵúҵڶʱͻȻҵļҸ뵽Ҫͱ㱻һŴж˼˵ڵءûĻᣬĽͷһϣ۵뵽Ҫ
ֳŵͷ󺰣ֵĶҵ͵غӶ
һʹиϽ˿ҷɿֻѪӿȪСȡֲֻãֶˣΪ˲ݡ֮Ӧʹٴη𹥻һһûӰµӯֻһڿռߣһŷżֱָҵĺ
ٶ̫Ҷ㲻ֻ˫һµͷͼɾҹ֮ʣͻȻı䷽򣬽żһתҵذַ˳ȥһͷذڱĽűϣһذ׸ߣͷһһſסµС
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µĹٴξټλپȴʾǷ£Ӳۿ޴Ů̿Ͷš
ĨһѶͷĺſںذ䲽ҵˡҪɱңѵҾôվűɱ룡
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Ůת˹ͷҾ䣬ҽŲ֮ʱ⳯ҵĲྱ˹֮˳ԵڵعһȦΪյرܿһȴоճĶӶסۣܲôĨһѸϽǸһɱ˹ҸæǰɽʯסȵĶǱ˭Ҳǵλ
ȡƬʱ䣬ҳĴȡͷϵġӼϼǵָŮӵʱȴˣһɲѼƫ˻ҹơ
ڸģ

ӼûйᴩŮӵ࣬պÿڼιͣҲ˾޴ĳɽʯϵȥҲٴδʱ䡣ƫͷֺѪۣڶ׼ϵĶҵһҪСˣ
ذױɳȥȵ⣬ҲЩ֮ǰץذףùսں׼Ӧԡ뿳һȣ㲻׷ɱˡ
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ʧȥҰһҧסӼ˦ͷγ˽һֱҶֱָңĹâҵĿһߣ˱ƽҷˡ
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ôĨҲĨ꣬ܿһߵǰΪҴ͡˿ϸزɾҵ˽ѹǰֻ˵û˿ԴԴ⣬㣬УȽնˡ
ңԴëѵһԼԼԴѵһȥô
бȽնˡĵ룬ҪܰҲն˸öá
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һ·³ĵطǳ⣬ɽ˺ĳ⡣֮ȫ׵ĽʿһһУһһӣһƬһƬ
پ̫ߡơ
ǰҸ̫֮󣬽ɽȻݵˡǰ˶ŽԶľ룬Һš
һһ̺ĵ·ţ·ܵǧǧȴûзһ춯ǴӴҲỺġֻҾʱžϹ񷢳Ħ
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ǰҿһɽͳӦʮǰϡιۡһεˣ΢΢бۿһˣҲǡϵôˣʱһ䡮켧ѡ𣿡˿̵ı뾴ηǶңηǶǰˣҲһ顣ʮǰ˲Ϊͯپ켧ǷѡëΪ𡯣̬ȫȻת䣬ò˵켧ġж˵á
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˦֣漴ֱסһøôҲ˦ֹǾͿ챻ˣҲʹгſ
ŲŲⱲ롭
켧ҧгݣذùѡݺݴǧ򵶣޲ðγذؿڲ£ɱ켧
գձõ˿ʼˣǨʥּ£ȫǨʶ˺е˻һµʱʱǸĻʳǨ㡣
ֵеǨǰһշ˼С¶еһƫƧصĿݾ﷢һ߰׹ǣһЩ;жǡ
ƽơ
߶˼ҲżôһˣλǰҡԳԡơ˵ӴԼ꣬ҼһҲǰҲ˵֮󲻾ˣӦǣǻҪȱСҵĽƣλƱֻλ˼¼ӵѲ⣬λƽƵʱҲû
˲һɡҷµ˵
ط˻𣬶һҲࡣ
̣ҡ˼պ㵽ұĻʶû¹ʵΣҲȻζӣֻƺɺŴַ˷ܵţǲŮ춼³ţ˵ȥһ
ǰһ˯òãȽ˻ʳſƻ˯ȥƵĳӻʳŽ룬ȻǰźõĸȥضȥĵطȻǺ󹬣һزй͹͹Ǵ۽磬ΪʳǣһҲϮ
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ƺĵ˿ͣûоϵּر֣໥ߴܣΥ߽Ҹá
ν໥ߴܣָǨ澲˽ԺԭסڻʳŮ߶ύ֮ǰʳﲢǿһˣǰˣȵۺپĻȫɱȵһЩɡŮȻšûбӵİӣֻǻһЩŮе̫Ҳ̡
ȥµʱһвŴã֮ӦĿʢ䣬»ʵĵǻ񡣿ȴʧˣʥݲûһǰʶ
Ǩͬʱ֣ݳܳ꽺ŵԭء˾һٳϣ̫֪֣ϵפӪֹǲܡ
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һ价ƣЦӯӯظڻҡ߽ϻвҪҽҸ׺ͬյȫȻһĵ̬һ㲻ġ
ʩࡣＸʺǷ񰲿Ŀ׻֮⡣
֮мɶ֪ιôһ仰ǶҵĹУʵ
ҧҧһֱڿֱ֡ˣﲻϵطһĻɫ
ƺɲûŪ˲ˮұǰȥҴͷ
дҽ٣ʡ
Ϲҩ
ŭصһۣת޼ǵôǰЩӶŵ˸̵̣Щֱŵģ
¶֣̿ϽƲΣ֪ǻһϮ̵ɸѡŮ²
ǱϺõҩææظ˻͹ȥˡ
ϴҽ٣¿ЩͿĨҩͣ䡮մˮɳ֮ĻҽٱŮһ˳޷ʣҺԡ
һ澣˱ˣһᴦ㲻ɡҺ׵𱸵
Ҿؿ֪֪ҹ⡭
˱ˣһ澡ԭģһˣƽ޹ʣǿǲĵ£ҲӦ
ָأʵ᲻ԼǹأֻйŻɱһˡ޶ԣǡˡɱѼЩһԷͬκ
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ҡҡͷǰһͷǰŴӻסұһһ
Ϊʲô죬ʱ˿̣԰ճšҵӲǱһһһͻѣһЩǲŪˣ˵ı˭˭Ӳ
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˿ֱ˻ȥһָֻҵĶӣһ˫˳磬ǸСһǣһҪǡ
͵֣ߣҪЪϢˡ

պƺɵĸĸʬͰ͹Ůʹ˰ˡţһѵҲԽ˳
һգþδ¶أҵԶΡοεʦڴǰáһͬپʦսڴ˽üս롮پһɱǰֹ֮ɴƷǰ߽Ϊ׾һƷһڴ˲ǸӺӺĸˣ̸֮Ǻ׳־ʮͷȴٲȻһʮ˾ȡݹʵģ
ڴ˿ӵؽŴǰս£ţճ԰źšǰûע⣬ڴʱ쳣ĬλüĿƵĸ˶ҵġҵϿҲС͹ԽصŮƣвǰηӡǵģηӣڴǰľֹ̬ЩӲǰΪʲôûأ
Ƶûţﲻ絽һߣͤϲºȺȲ贵磿
ڴ˸뿪ӱָĻԾϿʼǸ
ҺЦؿæӣ˶֧ʹȥȡЦһ䣬㣬ĸǻô
Ϊ˲ŪεֵʱסӳͭһǾ壬ĸʲôĸ˵ʲô
һͷЦŪˣأѵĹĸ

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֪ˡ࣬ľָ̹ܿ侲أȷҵ׹ĸ
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ҿǰҲû룡ŭ֮һѳոҴõĽΣϣ˵㸸ǣһ壬ֻʣһֳھеũĸ״ǰ֮ҵŮЩȫǼٵǲǣһǰݵĹĸˣ㻹ᱻʶūѾͷûбҪαطѾһУŶӵΣ˿ʵ˵һŸѾߣЩ˰źõģ
ǡǸɴ̹׳ϡ
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Ѳµֺٶʡ˵ʲô⣬𣿡
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˵⣬ʲô⣿ʱһνǰչҼǵССͦڴƥŭĿԣһԸΪάңͱ˲ͬûͼ켧ҲúͱһʱһԭҴˣҲ̫һһ¡켧ˣʱһŮ޼ߣѹǵŮ޶áһ仰˵ԣ׷ǹʣ˺ȻͼϳˣûԵ޹ʶõˣûС
ڵϵŮӹߵҸǰָҵϥǣ󣬡˵ΩһᱳǱ࣬ܲң
˵ûҲܲ㡭ܺԥشƺɣȴ벻ұšҲˣҵ߻˭ڡ±Ҳܲס˵Ļܡ
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ۿֿЦ֪ˣĸֳҲᡣֻҰ²Ǵ
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˵λĴүĹĸǾͨ֮ˡŴүʵǱҧĶ𣿡
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ҧ˴ġҲҧ߶Բǿ˴׵ϸߡŴүϵȷѪۣҲ߶һһƬϣûʱұ֣ү˫ֶɫ˵ߵĶӺܿ죬Ϊʲô˴ûиʹ󣿡㶾ģ̽ʵ
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ߵǰһһɱ˺𣿡᲻£ǻֻʮŮޡ

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ѡ᲻ޣһҺ

أڼһΨһŮСŲж־ġǰ䣬Ϊж߽Խ۳ɳΪ׷걨׳־;ΪŮҵȴҲ⡣ΪŮҸַϰ䡢˽ӣ޷ŮӵĽʽʮһ뿪˼ңֱڼҵǰĻҲûٻعң˶ڼһôһŮ
ҲˣڴĹĸ¶ȥٸ׹ԻһʮСڹǲ֪ЩµġðڹٺúһʻС
ڻ԰ɢʱҷԸںԶԶţֻûһ˸ź
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Ҷ黨ĸɾ֣㿴ƺһȽһֱɥĪǻòô
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ջ˵ұСڹٵľٶرַ֡ء˿˵ֻģ˵˲Ļġ
ڹ㲻عصس󺰴Уһ˲õ¡Ȼץˣ
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˵ǵչһҧҲ鵽ˣһյͬ飡˲òץˡ
һָŶһץסĸ첲תһȦŵ˰˴ϸǰƼ

Ҹϵʱһйɺǰ˺ð졣ҽӵͨüݣս
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ʲôƺҪԶ´ˡҸĴ񹭣һ

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ҹΪƳһ£һЩѣؾĻɫͬɫߵֻϷĺ˴軨ĳԵͻأ
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ҵʦĹĸڴ˵ؿڴԼк;Ѩ׼ؿɱؿڵҲȷУڴ˵ֶŮȻͿҵļû׼ͷ
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Ҹտ˱׵ﾡҪһüһѵ˻˵žԸĻţ
ЦЦԶЩףǴӺнҲһ㣬ֺӵˣڡЩ㹻Ҷľ֮Ϊʲô㻹ԸðŵԴΣνĶ顭
˼Ƭ̣ЦҡͷûЩֻ֪Ҫʱǰ㱧סңǰ㣬˶ڰϿţȥ
ҵͷˣ˵⻰͹ˡˣһᱳҡ
صԭأӼѽȫƫеشɫǡ˵ģûкһ
ټѪȵ΢΢̹ٸϽȥ鿴Ӽʹȥ˻û˰ĹϢ̽һ̽ҪԵҡͷ־Ƶ͵أŹ֮̽̽̽һŵس̹ٵͷ
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΢΢֪
ˣΪʲôǼͦŸմѪΪʲôⲻҵְֽҵİңЦЦ

ʳǵĵգڳʽºַܡ¶ǰڴ͸¶Щһ˵ùȥˡ
ǽҴݣһŭ֮ƺһ̫ĸѾͷֽǴ̿͵ľڳĿҲ书ǿĹû׼ƣߵһһȥûԶ֮ʽĺ´ˡ
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ҵֻȶע⵽ͦĶӣЦôȰҡңպ뱧
΢΢֮ҾͷӦˣΪʲôֱԱˡ
̫ո꣬ʱ˵ҳԶĥĶȻܣȴֻǿ׵ػˡҲ֪ڲطôĥĶ

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գٹٺͺڶŹͻϡѩ׵ԣǰ޲Ĥݡ
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ͷ̽Ը򣬡ÿҪõĲҩӣعȥȡЩһǴ¸Ͻתæ˵ߣеƫŻعҪЩ

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˽֪ϴ˷ΪַԱҵѪ𣬶ʵȴˡ
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ϵߡһС֡һץүĸ첲ѵضһַֻɿСߵߴ紦ָס׳ݴ쵽ˣҪ˯Ҳ·Ӵ
㡭㲻𣿡үҰʵ
̲סЦ׿ȻһСߣѹߵһ࡯Ʋ˰
үãȻ

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һ糿źֱҲûлҵ¶Ҫȥҡϴ񹭲Ӽմ򿪴žӭҩƽ
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ų˵Ҳûзɫ죬ֻҰ֮ûлĶһ۱ϳⶫǹ˿ɲࡣ
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һƽҵչ˻ǶλŮθмúܣƽ㣬ǧ÷ߵ̫š
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ճǶᣬ̰ү᲻ȥˣ
룬пܡǼһǰɱҵæûֽ֣֮ʳǵʲôֵĶȥһҰɡ
ƽǶ򣬿Խ߽ԽԽϡ٣ѹĵطǰͷ·ƽȴ˵쵽˿쵽ˣҲһֱߵӿڵһء
⡭ĴҸתͱƵڵأƽһɱûҵ硣ǱʪʪģѪһذף㡭Ϊʲô
ҵУ°̣񹭣Ůݡ켧

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Ҳ㲻ʲôһıʶа̺۵˶ǣ幭εҲǡ켧һˣôƶ
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Сƽסذ״⵶ȡãѪ̫Ȼû
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ɱŮˣһԸͻϽȥ
ŵѪҵĿ־𽥼ΪʹΪʹѪڰҵʶֻƤԽԽء
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ҵʹϮ̲סкƽҵŮѹסҵ˫סŤת壬ѳѪմ֣ԭĵϹһĨ̵ЦҩǲãţֻҪš

ʹȻܲסʹʹ

ڴʱ˿̶ôջ˰˾ʲôҲоˣˣ䣬עһжڡ
ȱһЩӡƽҵ˿һƿֹѪҩۺĵβƿҵ˫ȣҽһһΡ׼ãһ
ĻҵĶ죬ãȻؿ类ѪߵĻɫҩۣɿеƿۡ
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ȥȥǸ˵ħһҶߣһһظţֱҹƻ󡭡
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վСǰĵܵܣֵͳhappy birthday to youhappy birthday to youhappy birthday baby
飬ôոˣĸױҵĸѡ
ЦŻش𣬡СbabyġաҸո谡
˵еŽߵС߽ұ𣬡ǴһСǳո衣
happy birthday to youhappy birthday to youhappy birthday baby
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ҸĺӣЩɱ̥С
ܻ֤һôţȻҪԼģҵıҵĺӣܲš
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ⲢѪΣѪεĲƤΪѪɫˮɫһĲβ޲ͬǵ졣˵߷ߵص˰ƽһۣǰҳžþò飬˵һ̽һ֧ⱦȥѰġ
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ΣǴ󷽿
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ͷǵûȥʲôõֻǹŹһ⣬˶ĺӡӣ㣬֮ȴûҲĵطƫƧСӶһƽ
׵ģҵֻ֮Լȥ٣Ӳҵĵظһ͵ֻȥնƬ̤֮ء
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͵գŹﱧС϶ЦǺǵźԡ磬˵һ»͹ҪƯƯӭĳҡ
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ڲľͷһ̫ߵϹṲ̊š䡯ʯС·ǰСϹŮ̫Ҫ࣬ҪЪһʱʱػҪ̧ͷ쿴ơ
ɵƵãҲûƬҲòԡӴ
ЩˤҸϽǰסߡ
ūҡϹŮ˵ңɻǰȻҲš
ʲô𣿡ʡ
֣Ȼٸ߲Է򣬡ǱߴģǱûʪ²ꡣƬֵ죬Ǻ찡
졭Ҳɵô˸衣

ʮ壩

졭Ҳɵô˸裬˵
죿һҵʻŻȴΧŴΧȹϸ˴ӭϽΣˡ̫
æ񣬡μ̫󡣡
̫Ŷһ̧ڵס۵ԿƵʣܶ㺵죬ÿЩʱڵķһһǱûӣȹ׼дӶϱʪʱҵӶҪˡĩ̫һеϽ㣬ƽڻʶסһӻ֪ܲ
ƽһ̾ඣĻǵá
ҿһϹŮȻףŻң󺵳Ż֣켧л⡮켧ʲô¶ɼΣʲôֻĻ̵ȴûȥΪʲôʧ켧һʲôҲ켧ҪãҲЩǲңҲǲԸԼ㱯
Ǻð죬һĲ˶ˣ߰ɡ̫ߴٵ
ͰĥĿհһĲжԡƤɣЩмҶˣ۵װסûźĹỤ̫̊ΪҺƽʢƽһϰΪҲʰλ˳̫󱾾ڱ
ͻζ嵭Զɿڣ̫ⷽһѺֲ֡֯ĥȥôģҼ⼸λ̫̫ɣȻòÿɶǸܶӵˡ
Χţóһʱ䰲Ҽһ˶ǶѵЩƽרĺӲս̫𶹽һƷζš
һ붹룬̫ͻȻһ䣬Իʵ۲
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ȥ;Ҫ͹ƫʱ߹ǣȴԸ̧Ƶߡ
ǣɣ
ӻصū˵ǹˣȥʺһҲС
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η߳ʮŮӭ߽ſΪ׵Ůǻߵһλĵ൱֡

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СϹ極޵Ϻʳá
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ΪʲôһĵطΪʲôһϸԸ֮ǰɱԶԶҪ·Ǹֿڡ

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졭ңʲô
κĹŮ̴ӡʲôһ˴ԻڣûʲôŵСǵĹۡ
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ǰǶĴѳĽ󹬸˲ٳ켧ºһգȴ˳ã֮ᡣ
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ʮһ-1

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ʮһ-2

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ʮ-1

²ܼһ϶ÿ֮ҵľڿһտʼŲҪ裬ɵȴ࣬糿ֹԹԵظĸ뿪ȥѧοʧ衯ճ
óĸʰ̵úܺáòƺ򳤱ʺãйأԷ֪Ҫŵؽʣѧ㵽ҲҪšЩҲûнֻ̹
ôһƤʵ۱¾ôģҲȥ롣ֻܲϵظԼǶԵģǶԵģ϶Ǳɺѧú𣬾ҪǸ
飬޲ޡڰְﰡǱ軹ħʦ
һҰ꣬һε̨ݳһ൱ıݣҽϵس̨ȹҲݽĸʧȴһҸ߸߱ޡ
ģ
ǵȻҪ֪ʱûǼҵ
ұס׵ĲӴҳɲħʦҲƭƭˣ
ҵıҵʹģʵ˿
ءҲɣһ˿
׶ĺӰٰ磬˵ľǡְֻҪ鿪ģԶ־͹ˡҵûϵСӵʱ̰һЩϲѧ赸Ͳѧȥѧϲġħݲ̨ϻ̨ϣԶʵĹںͷ˿ĸ׳Һ͵̫ܵ簮Ǻ޹ػصôᣬҪ֪Ҹǵֻ֮һ
ڳʲôأ
Ҽջأҡͷûʲô
̾°ɣϻرЪϢҲû͵¶ദһ
˵ұ鱦ص˵úܡ
ԴҵԺ㳣͹ҹޣʵ۱´Ż⣬ҰӳȥֻջسҪ϶Ϊϡô
ӿЦã˵⻰𹬵Ҫϵϵˡ˵΢΢ЩɫĵǱǰЩմһλ½ղˡ
ʵӣõŴСôҺߵ
ȥһδˣòãں֮пνѹȺ
ɫ۶ôӢľҲ⡣ǵöǰλǼ˱һΪϧ˺ܾá
ԺЩ²˵ҵ
ĵصıߺȻʳԣƴӣΪáʵ۱ߵķ紵ݶҴ֪һЩ
ͷСĵҲ֪Щǻصó˵¶֣֪ǲʲôǣģʵԱ
𴫵ҵĶҲɻ󣬡ǣʲôֲʶǸˡ
ԴһҡͷװĪǻ֪ᡭǺǣֻ˵˵
Ұһۡһʵ۳谮ɻһӲˣѰռǽڡӻǻһ˵
Ҳ߶һ˵ʵ۱ȥ˵޵ұҲͲסǱȥһСҾͺ϶һС
϶϶
Һ˼վǰСһŻعͷ衭ĸ
ĸüˡ
裬裡С϶Żع񣬶ʸӳұ
ſ˫ֽСףҼҵСֳˣûкúóԷ
Уҳ룬ôôһ롣˵ȳһȦ
ԡһڣЩûУ
룡ܺ˯𣿡Сһεؿҡ
Ҳ͵ͷ컹һµħҪҪ
ҪջشСͰתͷҪд֡
ұ϶дģǰҲãҲֻֽϻ򾣬Ÿ˶ñ˹ص
дÿɺã衣
ããǵ϶˲𣡡Ҵ޵
СһСֵؿЦע⵽Ʋϣæ̯֪߻ٱ޴ۣ
˭˭ģʦǣʣҧʵ
Ͻֱ󣬡ۡ
סӿᣬʵߣȥ
ûд꣬Ҫ
дˣ㸸ʽҲῴˡλѹȺ˴ġ
ĵ˵Ȱ裬ӲҪ϶͹ͬסһȥԺҸɢٵҩΪۣȴŲ֨һ˵ʲôʺˣִˡͯѶԼһЩǸƨʴ֪ٻأ
ԺҸϷħ˵ҪȥҲġʧ衯ұ衯
ݣݣݣ߿߿죡
ǣµּ⣬ٿһ㡣
ҵ°ǣɺͳɺͳ
һֺֽҺ϶ֻ֣ˡͻȻкˣҵԴײ˶ǰеĵ·ס
࡭΢΢̧ͷӳ۵һ˫ѥˡ

ʮ-2

϶ûдֶӵǰȻУպ϶ÿǰ͹ĸ밲ûּҲ׼ԼĶӼһ档ΩߵлΥ֮⣬ûּⲻ׼黹תأŭֱӻԶ׼
ΪټҽǶ϶ЪϢһԺֶٰʸ϶뿪ʱ˵
ͣ½ŲعͷЩȻ㵹ǻһᡣ
ҳϻ̳Ͽֵػص˹ټҺͲ˵˻ˡЩȥɣһȥġ
¶κͷŭغȥ˭Ƕʱ۵ɹˣ
һ޹״ҡ˵긣񣬡͹ټҡų⺰߹ڼ޵˱ʱǶԲסˣ䶯ɷµʶȣټҲĪҪյ糯źáǲִ糯Ҫɹˡ˵ӳһѣҵСľѥ¶˰س
ݡ߹⺰
ҧҧ˦
ɲܹңҺ϶һҲȥ㣡ģҸߵλô˴һССĹǻ֮ģӦû˵ǡ
Եһҹʲô¶ҲûСͷôһЩ

ĵزҼ϶һۣԵأˡ¼Ҳ˲١ò³ĳֲûжҡĳԣǬˮĳһϳá
ͷһҺ׼һ类ƺڳѣʢװǰȥ򰲡װ£ǰһûֵĻ˵©죬һᱻڹ
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һת׽סҵ󣬡ûţϳȥ
ûţЩʲôָŹŮĶţ˵˵ģôЩȾĶ˵жأ
ͷ˵ݷ˵׽Ҿϡ
֣Ҫȥ㾹ȥŶһ㣡ˤиֳһĻĻֲĻ棬ҵĺ˻ǲˣ߸ԽԽµòУ֣ȥͽȥһۣ϶϶
ſ޺ţջǵֲϵ˳Ǭ֮ϡŪͷڲҪ޻ױҲ޷ѳĳò¶мɴǰµ˿ҵǱ
һֱקãҵסҵĳ϶Ȼ£ޣȻӦԡ
ҵǰ۽ˣܲþڴ˿ҧŸҪжʱջ֣߳
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˾̫ļϸɤĻҿˣǸʲô϶˵з֣ʶ㱡ֱһǰҲűѹ
ɴƿЩֻǬһī߰ߵĶǰҶ˵ǻʶΪ׭д顯Ҵؿ쿪ϣֻһò֮࣬һĸǴ¡վڳ׵һλ󳼳еյ⣬ʵƽ̺󹬵Ĳѡ
ֵһӦȴûֳӡ顯żشߴţӰ
ŰĿͶߵĻʵ۱£ǲɵõع𣬡λӲʶ֮˵ҪĹͷϣʵѳܡ
µʱһƬȻǬȵеľᣬ˵һµعһľ
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ǰޱ飬֪Ǿɱǰı顣ҶŲˣֱ˵޿ˡ
צΩб۵ֲֻûҵĺֻץסؽˤһߡҸշסվܵһߣ˹ڵأҳͱס߸
֨֨ͷͿ챻飬Ҳˡģܲסʹֻǿ־֮ѿڶġ

ʮ-1

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ˡ䣬һɷŮ˵Ĳǰ߲ˣ࣬ʱ֮֮ĶҸߵлѡΪǰһô
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ܷԳҫΪʼҵҫ˭Ҷֺ߸˭ʵ۵ڴˡ
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̫ƽȥҶţ֪ʲôʱһˮιߣһعѳ˺üڡ
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ƿ֣ǲǺܴҪ
Ĵϻ˭ֻһСʴӰˡ

ʮ-2

ûּ飬ȷǱˣֻҪ߳޹һЩҹ̡ȥ̽ҵĺӣ롣Ҳȥ룬ÿܴӻһЩõϢˣһҲ
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ʹǱ㲽δҲܸܵõɽ֮ÿ޹ʱ治УһƬšΣÿһˡÿһ侲Ϣߵնһѹֲұ¶ĻȻΪʧ𣬲ô򵥣ǲǷʲô
ҵû˽ʲô˵ֻǱոøҵǰװһаȻµӡ̬ص޷Ƶĵز֮ɽ빬СԴ϶صʳԺʱɽµǻڻʳʱȺĲǲ
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ΪʲôȻѲŲΪʲôһֱĬȥͻȻζᣬƺδҿԹۡ

ûиҸĴ𰸣ֻһζ˵ҷſģȴŻȻȥ̽϶һƺ«ؿƿЩǰġϺӳ¼дǱԩģı͹вҪĶӣԼΩ楴ӱҹӣȵ಻ҥԡ˶ᵽıˣڵǰ޵˳ˡ
Ů֮СϷһɴЩСϷܿġϷΣĴûб䶯ҲĿŵұԶԡ
ʱ˻ôţҲóЩձӣ쳢ȣ㰡
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Ҳǣ˪ֵģڳޣȻ˲ָҺѩ
һײ˵ζƮǼ䣬ʱؽһôͦ㣬ǾͳһЩɡӹճ׾ͼԶһĨҪԵǰѱȥˤһߡ
ܺҳԶܻغ
ô˵æͦǰסŭ˪ѩ
ҲؿҳԶСѾͷԴô

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αؼֻǡֻţţԳ࡭˪ûһָֻŷɻϸĺ
Ҳһ㾯ƤһǷ֮£Ǻ⣬ĲӲָ˪Ƥ֮С
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ǰҪ¶û˻̻һαĶ߹ȥһûκζĹùλҡԶڴˣ˼͵ߡ
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ѩȥסȣҪС˪ҪɱɱҰɣҳ⣬ңùãùã
˪Ҳ޺ĸ˪Ҳˣˣ
㣬Ի
ĸ磿ס֣һץסſ˪

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Ϊġҵ׽ס˽Ͼ˺һҲδܽ˪ɫϿҪϢģ
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֪ҲʲʲôȥʦĹĸ

ڴ˱֮󣬲ҿ˵Ķ˴治ƾﴦãֻȷڼ޹أ
ҡҡͷˣҲᶯֺֻڴˣǺɣ
ڴվ˷䣬ͷŲԶˣ˪ѩֶףڼЩʧ

ʮģ

ڼЩʧ
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ش˲ҵĳԾɶˣڼҴֻһߣ£һǲдǽվȫʬ³
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ļȻӹ϶һҲûмľơʵĶžҲöֻ֪֪ԽԽ࣬ƻҲѴ齰ҵ޷⣬ҹֵҡǲڵһҲģֻҪÿ϶ʲôԵ˯úòãұʳ߰
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ָסҵϸţüͷԽԽ
ʲôôɻؿԼָףֿ˿ģʱסķɻҵһһϵģָ׸ðһ³İףҵԾƬͿŲָƬ
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Ҳᣡң
߰߰ɣطʲôֵģ߰ɡҲͬҵﶼһ뿪ܸõعΨһΪġ

ΪŮӣŮӣֻҪί֮ʵʵȥӣжƶοȷ֮ˡҴһѰŮӡ
һҹ޷ûкۣһŮϴ֮һﲻߵ齸ǰˮͲҡ
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˯ѵʱȫʹʹָͷˡһ˫ͷϹŪúòˡҷ˺ܴһץסȻ۾
ŪˣӸ
㶵ؿŴߵ˰Σۣ㰡أ

(ʮ)-2

˯ѵʱȫʹʹָͷˡһ˫ͷϹŪúòˡҷѾһץסȻ۾
ŪˣӸ
㶵ؿŴߵ˰Σۣ㰡أ
ˣߵϲغ漴סˣ䡭飿
㲻ǽƺɣţԴǸǸһ̫Ϥ
ɴۣŵ˺ҡͷʧЦ»صǰǣҵ֣ɱٶˣյҡ
Ҳ̫ϰߡ顯ǣֵ
˲佩ס΢΢ָҶͷİɴҳæͷתҾ˵ţˣͷͷȥҽ٣
ˡסҡͷҪôǲף뿴
Ŵûôסҵ֣Ҳ飬
û磬ڰֱ˯ȥ˯Ұ
ʺ
ұ˯һʹѼ˲١֪˶ãоڲŪҵԴ۱ǰĳһôһ˾Ҵ߸ʲôһǼŹƵĶţվǰƻµˡ
ǣҸæڱܿǣ

ͯңָԼʵҲͯҽСҽСҽʲôԴͻȻһư벻Լ֣㡭£񾩶ǡұԴŬţءطˣ顣ҿʵǽطǲǣأֽͯΪʲôһӡҲûУǲͯҽʲô졭ŮǼǵôйң˽֡
ţȴһ˻ش𡣴ǰеľеľ֣Сǰ۽Ҷţţš
پҲ³紥һ㣬漴¶ϲҪϴŵǺڣأپأܼܲһܲԶЩЩܱܲӵҿ촭ˣ
顯 ۿ治ǵˣٺú룬ѷǡˡ˰
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ǰ㿪˿ڣ顯ּһ˳ңֽҶ˰ΣҲųš
ֹǿҵѣηסű͵ǵĽֻʣĸˣ飬Ǹ˺ǰŪԴٷװߡߵĻ˹ףսս
ʺ­ǣ­ҲҲ˼ļƺЩ
һ㷴Ӧ­£²ֹǼ䶪Щ
˵˱첻˵ȥ顯ɫˢףǸȻ£ġʾǰ£
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˭֪˲ǲòԴ⣡
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ôˣ۾Ҫûпޣ۾ڿޡʲôôһ˫۾ң˺úõģɥһᣡ
ʶץסͷ֭ȥ룬ҲϻζԴһЩƬеӣҡ˴ʹ㿪ʼӼӾ磬ʶ㡭Ҳʶ᲻ʶƺʲô͵̧ͷҲҵһɿ֣һ̼Ƭֺߣٴͷأʶʺô¡ʺ󡭡ʺ󡭡ʺ󡭡
ĿӷƽƵǰ齡ٵǽϵ֯ΣͷĵʲôطĿݻǰŤŤɺ˵òħתͷͷĵҲǡ
ʲôطҾһͷײߵ´վ벻ҰκζоеĶйʹſеĶƵұͷ壬ճﻹһַȥסһܳȥұٴȡӰڣһ·кŮ̴ǿܡ
ظ˰ȻµĴţ۾Ϲ˶䶼ǲǣܻسŲߵ˴𣬡ߣˣһһ
չһֱլ֮Ҳͣ˻һЩŮ̴ӶҺ˹լ
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㶵ؿңͻȻס°ͽҵ̧תһߣָͷһҵܹķܹǡظ
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Ҹסͷ˴ͷתҴײֹǸղŹլ֮һǹӪôᵽ
һţﲻԣҲû˭ҡͷȥأҲǰѪĶΧΪһ壬Ĵ¶׷ɱ
Һԩ޳𣬱ҡ
ƴѽѽڿˡǡĳڣϲرȥƿĺţȥԺϽŹñסˣȫˡ
ô˵һȥ
Ҿ̵ؿ޺ץңץңҲǹҲȥҲǹҲǡ
һɾ˱ײ˽ŵʯﳤһԻĲݣͷضš
ãҲץȥ
˱ҪСˡѲǹֵ
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ǻϣġ顯غʹãǡע¡顯ûܰѻ˵꣬Ŀڵּȥʰޡ
ƿĻµƾɵӣסãûйס
͹һ֣ʳͨô乬
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ˡ
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Ĭ룬ժһ㻨ݵУֻǴ󲡳Щ£ʵʱͻ᲻˵Ķˣ˵ļ¶õģģġ˵ԭȻˣһ˫ؽסƺ͸ʲôӸ˱Ϸɡ˵ùеĻַת»ʧˡ
ҲϷͱǵ
Ҫһֽ䡯ҡ
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㣡ûʱŭұȥѰŰҵֻһ߳мѪֹ
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ȷһŵģûȸθˣҡԡñģ

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ˣϿ쵽ˣƼݰɡ
أûһŲȥǹԹԵȥһȣȥ׼һˡһѵΪǺ۸ô
ġˡһŸӵĴװţܷʱʱЩ춯͹Ů̴Ǹ쳤ơ
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̸ǣһЦóԵģһ֪ˡһѵǺ۸ģ
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ϡӭȥЩܳ£һóԵζӴ쳢˵ҽƵǰ
ģЦҪҿʱӶ˶һ
ҿ΢ЦŴߴ١
ɵض̣֡


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ƿͬʱŹŮǵļһִЦ
̵ĶʲôûǺӡֻϵסŵĻҺӳ̣ڷƴܣײ˱룬һļȡ
Դ˾ͼŮȻȥǶȻֽҸӵơ
ǴңСҡҿĵ˽ҵѣܿɰɣɰɰʱ˿̵ı̫ɰˣ
һֳֻץûжĳͷȴֻǣҵֽҴȻԸ̵Ů٣򵥵Ĳ
СҡҲطͷȥҵĺӡ
ЦҵĺԣǸţˡ
Ҷ˰Σ󰲾ĬĬǣߡ
ҪֻӣԺɺãͻȻ˵һ䡣
ãؿǰߵĻ紵ˡ

Ѿҹˣ֪黹ƺɣڿĵȰҪϡӦе𾴣ҪҴӦպҲһ˯
Ҳ֪ΪʲôһͱúֱܴҵӣԭЩͿڸһݺΪǰΣһҼǲˣӦҪסġ˭أ𣬻ƣǣǡƣΪʲôϼǣˣ롮ơ飬ǲķˣ
˿˯ɣú˯һǵ¶ġ
գױ֮ΪЩ뿪ˣߺ󲻾ñһˡ˴ź޵Ｘ̴һ£Ůӡ
ˣʺ£ɻǵū澣
̧ڵס۵Ĺߣ۳һǻ
˾һǻūǻﻹǵá

(ʮ)-1

ڷжȹҲΧ˽ҷ˻ֻǱ£ΣΣǰʲôʲô
ܴܴİɣȻΪʲôҲûУֻǻش岻ãҪڴ˰üͼ߳Ĺ뵽ȥһǶŹǽǽ˻ǣҿ࣬ηǰزӬĹġ
տʼʱһƺ߶Ϊʲôšûҵǲ¶ˡɵĶޣǰѼƵһһӥں԰һ֮첻ڳϷ۾ˮժźæòֺǰЩʱҪȥ¶
ӥ˭Ǹ˵ˣϡ¡֣˵ӥϲ֡ӥ֮뵽СȳǶĳСȳ˭ֻӥСӥƺҡΪҪ˵Ҳֻ֪ϤϤ
ˣ
ÿϵҶһɫ̵ָס⡣һߵĳͷ϶źҶһǲ˼˶ڳرߵЬˣɲǼдСеģڳرģ﷭ڵġӥҲ˽һһҲǳ׳۵ģصˮǸեˣѰҲˡ
ʵֻһ˴һӦҲƾʲôСȶԺؼƽˮҲͲӡźҲɲˣҳڳر˯һܸʲô
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ʺ߱£һƬͷ
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ƤþͿ̧ʱƺڸ質ᣬЩɳʶ˭ᳪ͵ؾѹ
ϿɲҶϷҶ䡭
ϷҶϷҶ
ϷҶϣϷҶ
ۣӣˡ
֪ͺáƲ
ңǶˡ

(ʮ)-2

Ų۳Եж֮͵ˣʱǶͻõ߿ĵҹҲҾʱԾ뿪§§ʱУصĹغ͵ҲףҲܳദĹؼ
ѷԸƺ׼ϴˮȴڰǰֱϴû˯ۻص޷ƿŲߵ˼
ˡߵǰѵ
šӦе鷭һҳζؿš
ءҸŮ٣ǽ
ڡ
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ǡŮٲòӲͷƤǰϡûعЪϢˡ
žһ飬վҧң⹬ﲻ޵ģסĶɵ˭ܣ
ŵ˳ȥɻذţģģķӶİѲɻǼٵġֽģץ𼸱ｫ˳ңô߶ʲôЩȥɡĩֲһ䣬ҷ˸ǰȼˡ
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Сˤ֮ұϴ˯Լķʱһ¡δˡҰͷԹŷ̻˯
һ˺ܾã˯úܲȡҹʱһ׽Ҿѣ۾ом˿͸˭أƿֻһվڴߣʪ͸ɢմ桭
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˵Ļںջش˵ĽţͷڴĬĬŮղŵĵơκ齣һʪ˳ŵװࡣôͷŽ˹˸ʲôΰų
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ҽȥ
ˡ
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ΪʲôҪȥҪϴôȥ

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˰һˮϴúںڵģ֪˭ˮ˭ϣݱ˽ˮս
ٲסҾͰͷϣˮεһ߳ҽˮһв
ŭϷܵúܣУʲôҲûһˮҲֳ
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ٺ֣ضȥŶӣʹʹ
ʹ͹ݶһʳǵҽȫӵҵ޷⡣ҽ˭鲻ҵĲڣʲôʹú캰ءӥУе˱Ѻ˴ΣбҪ͡һҵĲǣ޹ˡ
ҵĶӣҼˣҵĶСУҵĶһӶԲԣӥ˵Բԣ㲻֪֪ȥ
ɫĴݵߣ£¾Ͳʹˡ
ȡҴضĺҩ֭۾ԽԽ͵̧ϴ򷭴룬ҲȣҺȣҺȣҵĺӣкӣҺȡ
޿̣ץסҵļҡεûкӣһ㣡
ûкӣôûУﰡָڶϣ漴ֽƿ㲻ẦҵĺӣẢģǡǡãȻգۣ죬ǡǰƣκ𣬡֡֡Ⱦң˭УȾҡ
ҵļԴ¾ЩȣӥٿǸӥ
ǰǰһԼסŹңŹҺòã
ϣƺͦסڳԴǣȻرܣ侲̽Ҳ١
ѹԼѹƲסһȭڴŻúõģװҽװɵ˵űƿƺϴҵıӡ
ҽű˻޺ƺһżغšϡҿ챻Ƶʱһ˳ȥץסӥļһٷһƽԶ
޽ĺˣײػƿ
ƺɹصĹɣ
ƺֿң£ĬĬţҩˡ
ҲˣƺºڴϴϢղŵˡ뿪ʱǲҸüעġҲ̣͸Ҳ̡
Ų
ū澡
תͷֻӣʵ󶴴Σ
һ˳
Ǿͺá

Ժ˶˵ʺķ財ˣڼŻϵʱ򡣵ܲÿμֵáϷɣʱȻϵǡӥҺܺƽ֮ʱңͿԸܲ׼ʱ
ӹúȥһ껹Ҳ㲻塣ҳ˺СȳšСʱ䶼ľ㣬ʱǰģҲپǣǻ̶̻աӥǶͻӣʱȥ鷿һڵҽģȻʲôʱȥʲôʱȥ
㣬ӥڸ𣿡
ڡ
Ŷҹȥұ鿴
㡯Ůһһ˵ѩһ˵˪ҼǲסЩָɴǸĳܼסġһĽСƺɡһĽС㡯ǸһһƺɵľͶ½С顯Ժҽˡ
ѷŮһȥͨҽȥʱѾӭӡҿʺһãӥظȥƺЩ
ҪʲôĶҡ
Լܡ
֮ڰץһ߰ݶ˵Щͦ˼
Ҫεŷñ𣿡Ҿһ˵ᡯ˭ҿɲֻ֪ڻʱְˡ
̧ͷЦ˵λ
˵ŷǰϿˡģǰŷڻʶȦ֮±ͷ˾ʦִһ˲һŭѷӥֻðһٶᵽһС١Ȼǰ޴֪ЩԸҵġʱ䣬ŷ˵̰ӺƽϢߣʹƶСݸ˲٣׿Ȼյ˾ҪĹٶ
λЦЦӡꡯꡯ˺ôء
Ļһ֪ŷһɣŷƺǺ˾ĻѲŷſŷ¶Լţ⻹ŭѧƺӵһЩء˵ŷᵱգڳϱֵʹļףסҲĲ̣γ͢ϡϣ˽ҲҪΪ֮ҲŷʦĴǲʵŲԵӡ䱳̤ϧ֮һ˫ɳ֮ŷΪô
ҳʲôæҵ죬ϧѾȥ
ƿߵ߿֣ŷǲ˵ĽȫƾʦָͶ١Ȼˣ͵ʦģθɣ
׶ЦԼǣձִּ
һĵʦΪԼ빦ɵͷͺͷȫʦȥ֪ŷѧθ룿
֮ұ׼뿪
Ķȥ
˲ɾĶʺ


(ʮһ

ҵĻΧʼֻ͹һһ䲻ȥżȻһҿһŮ˴ӡ߽硯߹һƯŮˡұ㳳ҪȥƣĥӲ˺ܾӥŴӦѵҪͬȥʶ̧ٵؾܾҡ
˵乬áʵشʱձࡣ
˵סŮ˽ϹϣǸˡ˺ȴ˵ò塣ˣԼȥʡ
ȥʱϹſڴӭӣһͱ֪ͨҪݵҲҪࡣ
︾μʺ¡Ů̫԰Ҳɪȡ
ˡתָһβˣԶһ㡣
鼸Ӧּɴױ󵶵һȴվԭزΪ׵˵ְҪ̷ҡ
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ȴһ֮ɿ˼ͷ·ա
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ңҾԿżĵ¹ŵŮЦҪǸ˵˺ǵ졣
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Ҫұ֪Ųҷǵ죬˺˷죬˺Żǵġ
񣬶˵СһҾһСɽһŮΪҶһ豻סȻԶ˸ҡ
л΢ЦŰѲ漴ͻȻһˮϡ
ʺŮ쾪
ҸɾϵˮüġԺҰ񣬱֤Ȳȡ
Բ٣ȷǷˡ

ºҶҵŵԣÿձȥϹ񣬲ŮһҪʱʱ̶̿Ҫѻӥ֪µģ޵Ҳ޶˶һЩ̴ӡĻû˸ȻҿҪġ
ϹϴӲңҲòˮĬԱߴҪһĵҲûҡͷҲǷ³ѻдԹޣһƽ¡
ӥڳԶҲǡɶպ֭ͳʱſͨ˵ǡ̫ǰ̽ʺӥ䲻⵫ҲֻõͷӦʡ
Ǻܾĵһÿͣͷ׵ţ˵ǡ̫͡ơ
̫󡣡ӥ΢΢
Цʵۻô񡣡תңԵ㰡ڳʲô
ûлشҲûӭԹԵسţΪҿӥ۾ͻȻһУҺ֮ʲô
ע˵ڶҪպһתͰѱŽǵԱߵīպī֭ҧһڡ
Ӵܳ𣡡żæҵı
ҽĶζܲ
һˮݵߣԽ᳤档˵
ҸϽˮڣģ
˵ͷġ
µı飬ǡҶи޶ѳ׽סġ
С׽סԺ׼ҳˡ
ҹԹԵصͷԲҳˡ
ԾȲѣʵۻͦзӡ
ӥǡƵءҾֵ졣
˭졣ûҵ
ٴδ㵣ǣܺð

ҵķ財һһ񡣳˸տʼǻԺûкúҽΪιҲ˵ֻҪһֱѵӥԸҾôš
ֱҵͷ۵òΪҽۣۣһۣʱܣʱ˸ڳʹѡ
ҽǾ֮һݡǰңƽڡаƽҶҩʯĵãڼҹԶƶóʯ֮ĵմ֮һʯ֮ȷ鴫ʹͼӰΪ˼ͷʹĴˡ

ɽ֪ôʧˮ׼ƵƵۡ
ӴʵڶԲסʺǸصǸۼˡ
ȥϢɣ
֪ۣ
ǣ֣ô۵Ĺʲô¶
ټ̫³ߣҶԴûӦҵĸ첲
ʲôŸ첲
޹ؿңҲ𣿡
֪ˣǰ֮Զǫֻ֪ҵ׷жȷѷҲ治壬ΪԺ޹˼ɵŰӡ
˵Ľ㣬һӱܻ÷ں̾ϢȻҲǸм֣ΪҽйλҪղܵļ˸ȥſ񣬻ͿϹı
ҶסɵɵЦţǳãһӱܻ÷ں˵ôһ䣬ôϧ
ϡ
ŮʰѸٰһ첲һͨһŮǰͷ
㣡ŵҪӿȴץס߲ˡ
ʲôӥһĻ첻ѡ
ЦͷϷ˵ˣӦøͷ
ﾪеû˵Է
ұָղ˵㿴ҰѴѪ۵ĸ첲յӥǰ˵ҡ
ʱ˿ӥѲȥһϸϸܲôѪۣ˿̵ķŭҪǰŮ˺ŵƽϢƺԱŮ˳ֻ֣ǻߵŮ˸ǰ̧°ңԷ˭
ʡʺ󡭡
ԷֻҪһ仰˵ʵ˵ҪҪ
ҡ˹ƵҡͷҪúۣҲϲ˵ϲϹ٣ɲԣ
кβɡ

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֮ǰ׼ǰʰݽᡣȡʺӡڽһѹʽЧҲ벹ҲˡֻŮպȲˮůůסҲ˶ҾͲܸˡ
ȥӥҴҿҺϲŭжȹҳЦգȴںЦ֮Ҫһޡö֮Ѳ֪ԼҪʲôҪЦҪޡ
ҳԶ
ǹҶǲǰȥ
Զԣס۵׵㺣ͯΪҲɾϵ࣬ϥҡš
ҼľʱӡεΪӣʤӣӡεΪӣνӸĸɱƣѧɱƣӡ
ͯ,ǲǴˡ
ʹ𣬻ԶԶҪʹʹʹ顣Ȼ󣬰ҵĺӻҡ
ĸ۾࣬ʮ鲸̻塭
û

ѿʮģʵٴʾԶ룬ոĺɽ̵ǰһҪԶţҳҪһȥƭ˵ԡȴûҡ
ʱܶ
ٵȵȣһʱպ͹ŵľȫǵˡ
ˡ
̫˲ȵ۱ѶӻװɵȻ޶ԡҲûָʯĳܹʱ꣬һܲ͸һһڳ
պұӳ죬϶ңˣ

ʮ

һװ͹ţʳţʶţһ·ûκ谭
ƺ֮°׵ˣ
ģǶȥ֮ͽպ󱻲㹻
Һͻʱһȴصǰ

жҵ֡Цټ٣ټ棬ƭúÿడ
ǿЦټٲƭù㡣
ۿΪǻң
ˣ֪͵֪
ҾôֵΣƶΪ㡭ס
ǰһС㣬룬Ҳ᲻㡭
ͷˣΪܰҲϣҲѡǣϻͬһȴԶ
ҲҴߣҲҪţ
һѡ𣿡
ΪЦɵôš˵ҵĴ񹭵ݵ
ⶫҪšſµĲҸ⣬ǰȥһطǶ


ͷֻмӲݣóʱ߹ȥѼݰεӷɾĹ
ʹã
ԺҪ¹򣬶ֻվ˶ţ˽ŵƵı飬һǿŵŴ󺰡ܲܲ𡯡
һ
ǡǣԶˡ
һֱߵӳֲźƸ뿪ֻ߳ͷſֻסĹĸоҪˣպֻԶݡ
ɽµĿջһ·ֹĥ˰Űѻ˵
ϲûУǡ
𣿡˶ˡ

ʶǼ·;ңԶ;Ϣպ㵽ǡԭΪšԭǣȴûԭˡӾӵĳǳһɷ֮ؾôһű飬պΪͷѪŹ֡
ҲֹǰҪǰо͵ͨǵţפǼǧƽսֹӴų룬ֻΪӹͨУЩŵʿܽеó֣İͨ
ڳǻ˽ҲδһӣֱһաԹڽʱȻ˽Сİĵطҹ£ɼǸԭŮӱ֮ġ

ץһСĵ״ӹȥǿԴҿ첽ȥһŲסص˶еĺɰ˱ϽԭŮӶ㵽һ֡
ŮӽӹɰмѣлСˡ˵ͻȻһһʺ
ǡĵһڹ֬ĨһŽõĵ˴ˣ
ôᡭ
Ļ˵ĵط
ĵͷŮݺȱȲɡ
˸ĵǰľӴһ·ʺ򣬶سһǴˡסĵطĽʹںøıϣլӲݵúܺá

ݷûˮܳȥһƬ̺һȲˡ
ˣ
ţ°ɣлл硣
ٽҡĵһͣ¶ȥˡ
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ˡùұ£˵˵ɡ
ЦЦټҶŮЩ֡
֮߱ﱻ̵ĵ˲ûбʵ۱µ׶ֲǳǰһŮ滻İ͵ںøΪһǡְλʹиӻꡣ
ûжҳԭΪȻһҺзӡ
Ů⣬¶
ȴ
üƬ̺ҡͷѡ˵ѵøʵǼøް취
Ǻѣǲ𣿡۶øް취֪ĵһзӡ
æҡͷĵһŮӣĻʲôӡҵעԽ˵ԽС󲻵ò˵˹̶ǻһЩͨš
ˣ
ԺԺŮӡ
ԺŮӣ⡣
ĵ˴׵ӪʱһЩȥ
ŭסڣ׼˵ˣ
ȴ˵ȥ
Һ֮һĵջ˵˳ľӪפǺһǼС¤֮䣬ӪǧˣÿձǺ¤һЩ¥ŮȥŮֻһҹձظǣĶĻĶȥĲǻ쵽¤ŮǵУǷܴԽפصǧ
ܣԲܣӡ
Һߵˣ
һϣҧ𣿡
ġ
ȻˣĸҲ׷棡
Ҫĵͻɣɣķӡ
ô졣һƶȥ׼ЩѺͱҪĻױ֮ڴ˴ȺԸ


Ǹ¥תգһҽС¥ӵλүֹ֮Ҫʮ
ȼƻһŮǳ˴Ҫʱɻĵλ硯οͳ˳д֣ҺһһºλүҲûͷֱӼݳʻšͬŮҲûš
ͬȥĲֹСĹбҵġţƿ鿴ȫǻ֦չŮ˱ߺһС£Һ˿ɧǱ񾭡ֻŴšÿ·̱ǣһߡӳȥһ˴ӳΪ׵ӦǸٶڵؾ޲ϥݡ
Ⱥ֮ͨ·עһͬĸ¥˵òͨƯ˵ӪҪ˸Ӻ٣ϰ岻ƯұǴ̽һ¾Ӫֻա
ҡ˰ʱ˾ӪŮһ³㱻һȥָӪʡҺںĢɨ;ǲϳԵϷŮˣеĸɴһһ
ô죿Щĳûмġ
ô죬ҲûеףֻȻ˵ǰ·ûע⣬ƵһߡطΪӪҺһҡװ粽УմӪʾͱס
վסȥĶǱ𣿡
˰ҺΧסΡ
쿴쿴Īǰͷƹˣ
ЦмֳֻסۿҪץһʾҪȻִ֣ÿǵ㣡
һǳ⾹Ѽ˺סˣֲԾ˻ȥ漴ֿڴӣ׺ġ
һ˳ʹʹɫС죬Ͻȥ
ٴŭ𣬡ҿ˭ңȥУ˭Ҫһָͷýι
һ˱㲻ٷؾصǰӪ߱ߵţǶãù˻ǵ͸ֵܼ
˽ʶûһҺȥһ̱ڵϡһѶӮˣǸȻǾӪĳ٣һǸѹееĳ١
һʱˣָôأ
𣿡
£ղһ£᲻£ǡ϶ڵҡ
ʱ˽ȥſڰѰѷ磬ⶫĥˡ
˵ͳ־סڱǣһ˫״ӺɰóһֽһںĶһƿѺڶĥɷװáʱɫѰ£˻ûлһѺڷ۵Щȥ
Ķǧմá
ҵͷܲã˸
챣ӣһҹûлӪҲѽеŮ˸ˡƽȹһҹҺû˶ڴ˯ʱ¤ĹСſɭϣȴи١
׼ʱߣΪ˳˳뿪û뵽ھӪĹؿ鷳
ôûѹصһʿ£ͷŵĴš
ǰһҲ˹㼸ʱİࣿ
һȻŻ־λүûУǲٰһҹ찡ĳԾӴĵƺ˵Ӫϸ涨ģеӪĹϣҪڸͻȥой¶
ߡ

һ뿪Ӫ¤һҹԺӼԼҹռΪУҺȭŲŰϷƥŻɳյİ쵽Ŀĵء
ٽǼǴƬƽأǵθӵĵɽ꣬Һɽ·ȥ·ƫƫǸʺĹط·Ҳûһ
һطɾʹˡιɽĴ
Һ˻ǲǣ
ݡ
ѰȥԼԼ˵Ҫʱһ֧ɼӭѰѼץУˣǰˣȥ
ֻװкӸ߸ߵĻĲݱ߳ӭȥ׼Ѽ˳·ȴڿкĳʱ
ʼͻȻüžǰ·𴩹ʱյصգǸѩصֿڡ

ʮ

ȫŵȴ߽ǰ𽥷Ŵܿ°͵һװ̡ǡû۾
ԲҵġͻȻԶĵطվעװңɫͫԽԽ
һ˫۾ңҵ϶
ǡλˡ
˳鴤ʪֱϡ
񡯣˼ſˡ
ûһкǰһңˣҵļ
㶵ذѼݻŷѱҶءˣҷˡ
š
Ҳ̲סһѽ˱ڻ޳꣬ˣѾˣϲңҷˡ
ŵòᣬ㿴Űɡкҡͷ̾
Ҷߵͺһ΢΢ʩ뿪һߣС˽˴ˣϡ
ҲҲΪ϶ô
ò˭˵ǡ
תͷֶ۾ڿңĿתҴ˿̲ұܴĻ׽Щʲôҡˡ⸱ӣŮνĶʮ껪˳ŮΪˡ
񡯣ι㷢ʲô㶰
ϼߵҸǰһˡС±çɫѰʷҪȥĶ
һ˾ĺͯ϶Ҳҡˣҵ϶Ǹôĺӡ
һʱ˻һصͶȥǼ̽׵ģҲŷСӿʶ·
ҼҾڳڣλ˵תң˵סںδǾһʱҲЪ֮أںס
ҪǻظԣһкˣҲܼź˾Ҵ˵㾪Щɡ
˷죡ȥǣ
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ʱ˴ӻĲݴ˳һкڵغ󺰣СүүҵˣٲǣүҪūԴˣ
ãȥ˷ү

ǣҺ˳үҲūͶİŮ˺ǽ䱸ֲΥС˵˼ֻһ·ڳ߶ų˷үһԲͣؽšȥν
Ѳżһİ˴ؼң˭ֹ죬޷ȥ˼Щֻ֪ҵĶӽǰڿ˵ӵǻץסŵ
龰Ца߾ٹͷɷɡСЩҪ˵ǧﶼϣȵһȴֻɵ㶵ؿĿֱͷᡣ
ĻҲ࣬һ䡮Ǻ𣬴Ķɲʴת˻ͷ۲ϢһĹԺӣ¿ۼ¡
֮ٳţȴûϢ۷쿴ҲڿҡʱĺӣȥѲǵ裬Ҳÿ죬ҲſͻһЩйļ䡭
ӻɽǼкܳһ·ʼЦţҽ΢Цɣۡ
糿ʱһĴϣſڴߴһ·ʱ̾Ų˯һҹĿĵƣҲѵ˼ޡ

´ǰŪˡ
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Ĵ˯˵Ьߵűߴһ£ûпܣʵϳǡ
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Ѿ֪Ҫʲôϻصү˸Сүǰȥ밲˵űһλƼҴҵؽ
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ۼСүƤˣãһתҩȥˡ
ұһүһСүŪκǵ˵˭϶Ǹ׳ʵкҵȥ

⣬ϲǰűĸȥƬ̺̽·ǰȥˣǰֻڰŲš

˴ĸۡԭķ߹հ䣬վڷڵҲûһ·ȥһͥԺҶߣ˼̨㿴ˡ
϶һǱ̵ϵұ˴ӦĻϾҪȥ漴ĵЦֹ˲
ȷҪԼôĹǧӴ
˹ΪΪοҲ˵Ǽ¦裬һƬТһ֣ƨɲ˵үؿڹȻĴȰ֮ĺܷ᣿
ſ̵ʵĺ΢΢߾˫֣üΪ˵ĿʴɽĶǳһĻµ޲Ĥݡ
ЩЦ
һһСһһˣһſʼ£үĳͷǹʮ£ܷĴСȴҪӷʮİȻȫүǿϾϰ֮ˣһҲᡣǸСȴڹϽͣʲôӵķĸȣҲүݴ
ʮԸվߣسӻֵһýкš̴ӵļ̳߳ںۼ˶Ҳ͵͵ȥ硣
˲ƨۣߵǰĸףҪȥ
ҳһ㣬ʲô
ס۵ţһַһңظҵһ˫һ۾ĸס
ˣĸףȻǵĸסȴƵģͷ㿪ں£ĸףһǲǾҪʡĸΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪ͵
ҵĻȻǰȴһ¶
ҺܺãҰΪҸôһ˷˶ʮܺ˱ˡ

ʱۿͺţĸ㲻϶ˣ
ңĸ𡭡
һ£ͻȻ޳㲻ǣ˭ǣ˭ǣ
ղŰһʹһҲûУȴһ仰޵һĸΪˮӵ뻳šֱ˿̸ܵСԴҵĻصĦҲĸסҵ϶
˵ûϳͬʱҲϳҡͷһҡˡʱ⺢ӵͷѰתǧ˼ڳֻýҷˣȻҽһظ·;ūͶ˵ʣ±Щ¶ҵݡ
ҵĺӣҲ֪ʱһµСɶһ˼Ĵж

ʮģ-1

ĸףҸվ㱻ϵġԱץס䲻ţҪЪϢ𣿡
ǸЪϢˡûע⵽ʧı飬־ֱߵݣ˵ַѵЬϴ
ĸ㡭Ҫޣ
̾ǲǵȻ˻Ȼѳڴˣϵ˳֪϶ԭŮˣطΨһϵҵľֻүֻҪ˿ʱġ
ǣֻǡֻޣŮŮܲס
ŮܲףĸҲЦιȥһѽסһڣƫҪס
Ͻסؽĸף
Ҫסҹⶺֽ˼ڡ
ߵͨ죬ȴҲǿЦţҵĻϲؽЩĺӣ֪Ҫġ
ǰѵĻ̫ǼүӵиԺ϶㻽ҲȷǴ϶һ㣬ν˷ν϶϶˷ͬȵĵλ˷ү̳ˣⶼһ˷үͬʱ϶ΪүǸԵδ趼иҵСˡСүҲΪλϲ϶һүһСүԭ
ĵĺҵЩòãһǿܺãúܺá˵ģ˵˲һյԼʶܵ磬ٲȻһ˼ҵɡүղŴһ٣˵ƤôүǴ֮ȴѿ۰Ϊӣȷܵ˲Ĵ
ܵɽҰȥˣ޳û֮ұ
ȴһ˷ܣ԰ͷһȥһֻɳĸ
Դ͵ȥģԲŰ˴
˭аҳǣ˷ȥ˺üˡ
ŭ֪㰢ΪβΪ̫ӣһүļ໤ǱΣˣ
ĸϢŭǺˡСһ§ҵĲɬһ£ƽϢҵŭ
ﻹ§ֻ׹ȥ
ĸײصģҵĹʦģ˷ҲҵĶ֡
϶˵ʦʵҵ֪ǰѰΪʦǰ̫뿪ʶ󲻾Ҳ˺ػ̫ߴ粽룬ȴûм
˵ţʵδϹ硣տʼλʵ۱»СİŲŲҷ֣һżȻһзһǷӵûκδԺ󷽷ǰдġһС͵йӻΪԷļ̳ˣΣ⻹һ㣬ǲ֪µСӾϱй̻ôպҲѴ֮ѶԷƿ֡ӢǵĴѻʵ۾·Ƶ̫ӻͨţʹҲҪ𡮽̵̫ӵΡ
ʦ
ʦӺȥˡͽ˵ʦ١
Ҳвס
ĸף˵˵Ϊηݼڴˣ
ǣҡһ˫ЦЦҾûظеɪæ˦˦Դ˦ղһ˲ĴĸӣҲһޡ㣬ˡ
齻һ飬Щ²ûЩƬδᡣ
Ҳ˵ĸ˲δõʵ׿ϣ
ҵĺҺ׿ϣ
ĺת˻ͷĸϳģһ֪϶Сʱȣ϶ģǱ˺ܶࡣ
ıӣ϶ʲôҶһϳ϶أ
ҵҶǵḷ́ĸ׵ģƺûбںļЩģȲȷ˫֡
֣ҿԼ֡
ҵֽȦס˫ֵůȴҲˡ
§Сʱһҡţ϶벻裿
룬ÿҹ롣˻ͻȻʹ
ôˣ
ĸףҵƨɡƨɺۡ
żƨɰ˰ӣЦãҿҸ
ϽסƨɹһߣôУ
ѿˡҿɲ϶Ŀӡ
ĸףǴˣ
ٴһĸףѽƨɶˡ
ĸףҲҪ

ĸ˵ֵҹ˯糿δүߵ˽ʻԼһЩйҵ£ж֪Ůӣ֪˶һ˵ǣдࡣ
ʦظûУ
ˣҹصġϲص
үͷȻתһһЦλȰųţȥʦ
Һæͣүȥæɡ
Ҳȥո棬ȻһԺǰδȴ˵һ仰һҲûСǰҸɵĺ£ü˵ķʽٳˣȴʵ䷴˶˷֮ʵȴԸ߹¶ȴʵʵ۱Զ϶֮һֶǰǼΪ̫ҲΪԶ
˵˼ҪҡƼݡҵݵȷΪҪҰһµסȴҺصǼ⡣
ʦҪĸ׺ùƽ͵˳ү˵
ףߴٵ¿ذɡ
϶Ҳ⡣
ĸףʦػʶظȥ


ʮģ-2

ҿȷԼǷ˼϶ҲһߣΪҪػʶϲغϳ
ҡͷҲߡ
⣬Ҫһ˻ȥҪһߣ
ô˵йΪæסҵļ罫ѹλ
ҲߣĸףǴѳ̫ӣҵΡ˵
ΪһЪ˹شУΪһǿϳȴûУֻؿһʱ֮Զԡ
㡣гΥĳƺһȥɣݣڴ˶˰
һգգؿŴ̫ӣκ³ߵǰĨȥյˮ
ĸףĸסѹֲס޳һȴһˣҵ
⺢Ӽ᲻ңȴȻҪߡ
ۣ£˵ңұ뿪
ǻȥǿ
ףȥ
̫ӵ´Э顣֮Һ»صǼǣԶһլס¡
϶һͬŲŻȥǰһܺɫСӱȥӺıһһǼ֮衯ɵġ
޼۱ѵɡ治ܺ
ܡҡͷתѺսΩйˡ
ҲͿԡ
˵ˡҵĻתһ⣬Ӹе⣬ЭԭΪҲҪߡ
ƲЦЦ֪Эû׼ҾƭƭСӣ֮һҪߡ
ҡͷӲʳԣʹǶһСޡǵõСʱһοɰӲҪҲϸһڴӦҪʵҲǻţˣȴһһҹԲ˯Ѻɰ
ҲЦ⣬Сӹֱӻˡ
˷ǰǼǧ򲻸ãû㣬Ϊ֪סġ¾ͷ⣬ȥˡ
ߵһŴĮɳӶصζʶûеζ
侲࣬࣬Ҳۿࡣ
ҡˣ
ҡͷʱ˿Ҵδ䣬ǡ
ǣǶҡˣҲӳһұ㿪ʼȷȷǷܶҵĺӣȷǷĸסǷߡ˵Ҫÿһ˼ʶˣκ˶ûȨ˵Ըǿˡҵ϶˵Ǵˣ˵ΣҸô죿ˣҵı񰡡
ܸ˵˵ЩʲôЩʲô
˵á
ﲻֹһҪܷҲáǼٷ裬ĻЦȴġٲȻһˣôһˣǰôһˡǣɱҵĵһӣְҵĵڶ뻢ڣƾʲôͬһЦһޣһжҵļĨȥʸˡԺҳԷҳ裬滭èèج˽һҪұԹ𾪣ԭҺҲ
һû϶ʱȴ˺Թ޳侲Ļʳǣĳ͢ĺɽҲֹһ룬Ƿһ˿֮ġ
ǵߣҪȥǵ²ߣػʶ𣿡
Ҳ֪֪
ҪʲôұˣһֹҲˡ

ʮ壩

Ĵҳһ깫ӣҰúþֹ̬ûа֬ζҲ֪ǿ޻Ǳڮٸ磬Ǽвپ̵ĺˣǡҲۡ
ӻصǼĸ϶ÿһסĵضֱϲŻҸİޣΪ̫ӵ»Ѿ˵ңȴûҲûϣƬֲ˵һػʶĻÿȫǲ׵¶
Сԣտʼ˼Ǹÿʱÿ̶šС¶ݡɵҰ˱ʲôҲ˲ˡǼʲôֵĵطҺһһ̤飬䲻ʱҽĿ¡Ǹĺӣ˵úܺãĸױΪҵģߡվǺӣ֪˵ԽԽõɡǰĸ׿ίֵĸ׵ĸȰ裬ûίҲҪһΪĸǾ䡮ޣۡҵ϶ȴǼңûίһҵӡ
ŨŨ֮Уıÿһÿһ룬ȫ׿Ҹǲǰֻ͸֧Ժġ
ôֻ㣬 أ
һչ˳ʱŵ϶ȴûһͬ
үҪµĿҵ¿µʱܳص
Ǽ岢ѵѪŮ飬үԭûôڿҵȥĹΣܴѻʵ֮кŲòΡ
ҲЩӶҴûѧү᲻ᷣ
ҡͷЦɲصģǷȥӦԡ
űȥ˵ӦøһĻᣬƸҡ
Ҫ
Ҳȥ
ǡ
ûʲôǣ
һѳƣ֮ˡȥ·һһѽÿû˵ʦҪ͸үġ
ʾƺУһűҪŵϲϹͷ˵һߣûϳװңһּߵСѾ˵Ц
żǰ߹·ǰ϶޷;бס˵һ˰ȥ鷿û뵽չתǱүӭͷײϡ
ĸźһס˿ڣĿϵ¶ż
ҸæеĽӺѹͳľּүǰʦҴԭģСĸմԭ֪ðǷ̫ʧ񣿡
ȻһԱԭı˽䱸֮ɫҵԭģ˵ȥ鷿үû׼ǰ
϶˳ҵĻ˵ľְ㼸ˣ죬Ѷơ
ҹүʶȻ£Զ϶㳯ŭĿĸף㣡ҽùô븮ǻʧ˷ִ磡˵ʮְա
Ȼ⺢ӾȻѵĸҾѵСѵǡ㿴磬û˻ᷢġ϶Цү
ֱһʡġ
ٴŴ죬ҵ죬ҵĺҳĺ
ҸҪ˵ʲôʱһӲԶӿѰǷȥ϶ʱɫȱ㱼ȥҸںתתǱ㿴ǳԴͷ
϶ĺӣŮһУһŮкڵȭӣһŮڱֽкá˵кŮǻڵϵŮȻҪ࣬˳۸ū͡
䣡˵϶ȥкһô򣬲ͨȭߣǴòķʽʹ
±𡭡ˡŮڽţ˽үǻ¡
ŮҲһԾУס֣ס֣ٲסҸ氢ȥ
к߶߿ޱвϣһԡҪȥϻصĿͷ㻹ûԹǲǣ㣬ҲҲ㡭ˣ
ϻصĿͷûԹͣס˽Ųк˵ȥ
Ҵ㣬ȥ棡
үȭŲûвͣ£۵а˼кѱ˵˳ǿֻ˻кŻæǰȥһҵǰͷ
ղǸŮȥһѽʩ˱סһ˫ٺ۰߰ߵϸ첲Ӳǰһߣˣҵֳ
ү˦ڴβƽϢŭץŮߵԸҵˣ㣬Ҳǲǣ
ǣҡղűûŮҲûޣȴŭĿ׶ŵӿ
ǣү֣ٴΰڵкӱס˫ۣҲ֪ʹʲôʽһϥһѹкס˷ֺ
ҪʲôкֵؽңĸŹģ˰Ҫɱ
ֻǾվһߣۿ̬ηչк࣬ʱض¡
үȻΪֻۿŮͻȻɿγذ׶ڵϣļҼĵմӵѪ
аŮɴۣŵס죬
ȼۼ뱻кһĻŮҪǰȥȣүȵ̤һϴյĺ֪Ҵ˵˵һֻ˴յĺҪ߳ͷȴӥסСһ㡣
ȼסŲǰ벽үźЧȻѼʶġ˵
䡣үְĿת䣬ѡ񣬡˵ϴյĲӣļ
ֽɫ㲻ܡ
ҲܣүЦһָ͵ץѴýҲв
ȼ䣡ɱ˴գ
ŶӻѥγһСɵذףɽϱ㲻һʱүٴսյѳɫ΢òˡﻹҳɣ˦һճŴյļȥ
һеƣϵȴǲ˼ֻ֣Ǵ̴ƤﲢδﵽүմѪҪ󣬵ηСŮǲǿ⡣үٱɵĴƸȼȼϽֳܳͥԺܱ߿캰صĽǵĸүһ仰ֹͣ˽
ȥ˰ɣҪŪңº㻻Ūǡ
ǰĺӣͬաȼһ˸Ļһ֮ڣҵĺӿС
ǵڼˣүٴζס֡
СŮŵÿҪʹȥҲϡ
΢΢Щ־Ů˵Ҹĵ㲻ʹҽĹ㲻ãȻˣ˫ҪãҰˣ
һģһҵġ
Ҳˡ䰧
ǲң»ǴҶ˫õĶˣ˵үſЩȥҰƲҩ
СŮΥæ¡ڵ»زҿ˭ҿ˵ڶڣһڡ
Ұĺ̳ʲôҲҪʣҵĺ̳ʲô

ĸף
һ̧һڡ
϶㡭
ţƯ峺ҡ
Ҫ˵Ļںʶܾò˵׶ݺ𣿡þ䣬˵ôһЦġ
СʱȥԳЦţҲûϻл˰ˡ˵֣ҵ˫ֲҲʱֻܿԼƫƫǸĶˡ
㶵ؿѣа
а䡣ĸףҡүɬⰢ䣬Ǹ˵պҵ̫жᡣҲǣһ֮ĸѡԵҪңĸū澵ҲǰŮݲ̫͡ĸΣ
վҲ֪Ҵ˿һʹҿ԰С޽ҪȢϱΪ˵ϵӴʮ׵ģҲδ̫˰УĻôŤʲôСѡԵҪҡ׼ȢϱѺĸͬʶţţҪúһ¡
϶˫ָļ磬뵱길ҵģ˵һüһȰְֻҪ˧Уհá¡ءټҵĶӾ̸ޣһûнһĸ׵Ľɫϲ𣿡ͻȻһҪ⣬ղżŮµҪ˼һϲ
ذͷһţͷĻش𣬡һǴѵĹ
̾϶ʰԸ޸ǲǹûйء˵Ҷʱͣס
ûйϵϵĻʵ۱£¼Ů޲ԼĹˣʹҪڶŮ˷ɷûвϲʵ۵Ůˡ̫ӵ֮ⰢϲǱȻģʶ̧ٲ飬ҲĿǷΧݶζýš
̫ӵ½ǷǸϸĹδ֪λʵ洫֡

ʮ

ҲԸ̸£תͷûǴδĹɽʱֻǼľڴ˵ˣȼǲˣǲү׶ŮǵļǵıӻʲôҲûСΪү۰ΪΪǴشմղȥ״ãǳֲݣΪղѵ縶ĴۣĪڴ˵ݣһӣ
Ϊҵһү죬ȴûǾѵ⣬˵ͷȥѵǣǵˡҲǽգƽﺢҲִ֪֪ġ
üֻнôвȼ˵ʱɲֻнһء
үЦЦ˭Ƕ԰䡭
ǣһŭΪҲһˡ
ĸסҵĺߵҸǰͷҵϥϣѵˣѹȥ˰¡
ҸСԴô찡óԵҶûԹ
Ƥָء
һƤҴ󷽳ϡ
Ѽ϶Һúõģ̇ͷţûȥˡ
ԣߡץס֡
˵ǴѵĴҵΣһһȥڡȥĸ󡣡
ĸ󣡡
վ˺һѻ˵ȥĸҵĸ󡣴ѳĻʺ£Ůˣ۾֮ĪߵݳڸҪҪûָֻܶš
סڣ˭Щ
סڣסڣ˭Щƪ˵ҲǴѵĻʺ£˵ҪҳΪŮˣҪʲôֻҪҵĺӰ
ŭĸף̫ӵѡ˳ĬκŵĸΪҺþӦ£˵ǼаıӻǵҲ׶ҺڴһᰲȻȻȥѧһصѣû̵ĸ塭ˣͬʱһһδأҡͷǵģ˵ĸף˵˵ˡ
û˵϶˵ĶԡǰҲ̣һãű͵ףûʸӵҵĺӣ𡭡
ҵæߵҽűץҵ°ں˵ĸҰɣҰɣ
϶϶ӵڻţµ۵ĺӣĲĸװ
ҵĺӿҵļͷߣʦˡ͸ʶƭңдӦҪãҲ˵ܺãЩãһҲãƭӣǸƭӣŰɣĸףһȥҪʣ
ΪЦǿɽˣ¡
Ǿͺ϶ţĸþʹá
ͷһӿ˳Сһ֤϶˵ģƭˡ
ҲǴе֪ҡ衯̫꣬ӵ¿ĸ׵˼֮ı㳷˰µԼߣЩҺҲȷʵαװúã˭Ҳ뵽Сľ֡˻ǱӦĻʺҲŽֻһŮһ·عй
»Ƕãʱ϶һӵľֺηڻʳǷѷֶ˻ʺǱߵĶһŲȥܣǲ뿪Ǽǵģ׷˵ʱ°ɡ

Ժʦԭľֱʱүһ˽֪үԭˣϲ˽ύҲ֮飬ҲͲк֮үæڸϣֻҪҲ㲻й¶ݡ
ǺһҲĻԸ
ձ֮󲻿ܲȥ״һͷһλҲĸıáʱҡ϶϶ʶһƥڼպ߿պıĸԶ֪ǶãҷʱŮŴտ첽ȥ
ֻһ˸̾òΪŮҲ̲סȥٿһۡƺЩ죬УҿϺ覴ãǵƤ϶°ǵװһ覴á
պͱĸ뿪ñ˵үظˣҪ϶ȥΪȥ״үҪͷ
ĸױģȥܲΪ¡פǵĺһǰͻȻ⼸հڴƺ֮£Һ˷һѧš
Һа⡣
㣿ɵؿǡ
Ҽæ϶ȥͷ㡣
϶뿪ҺСʵʵ˵ⲻİɣ

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ǻǰ¥Ůӽ˺УΪԷһǺ˵㶫ȻûϿߵʱȴǰѾƸˣ
ͨǹؿģĶţλʺ󣬾޽У޽а
϶ȥүԺҰϸһ飬ãǼûаѺɵйϣû뵽Ǳ뼺Ӫ˿ʱĴ鷳١
һǼһһȵ룬ǧվۼڳ̳ǵġһ˳ţɷŹֵĻᣬ϶ԼҪȥʶʶʢļ䡣
ҪʱЩұչӻӲҪţûᣬ϶˳ĸԼݳˡ
űҪȴڳſڱ׳ͷҵ
ʲôˡ
ҽһˤ˳ǰƥסСϼ
϶ңǴѨӲˣұס϶׼·ߵĻĲݴԲһŵڲݴй˼ȦײһʯͷͣסûУ˲üͶͷʹ϶ͳŷȥ
ĸֹѪ
ûµġ
ҽӹĽһסͷһסƴǰܣܲȵģܿǾͱ׷ϡʮ˹˽ŰΧڲпܡͻΧȥ
Ǻˣѵ֪˭𣡡үǳ֮£˰ѰΧȦŴЩ
һ˲𻰣Ƭ֮һ˺һһһŮǹʮĴ硣
ٸϸ𣿡
˵ʮͷӣòֻǴ˿̵ıʵǶġҲһ⣬Ҫˮһȥ
ԭǶү͡ﰡ϶ͦǰ˿
ճɻҲϵã
ɫŮ߽ҲŰ˲Ǵյıĸô
Ļʺ켧ˡ֪ɻǵ
ԼԼɼİ̺ۻҵļ䡣ǰͣ˽ûλξ楣ϵҡ
ʺ˵ңҹֵؿһˣСŮȷŮӣ˴ҲΪ˷㣬Ƿˣϴ˰⸱ݣǻʺ۴ѵĻʺﲻǸڻʶû˵ʹǼ˵ת϶ʵ£ķݿеǼ
϶Ц˵ĸ󣿶үҿ뵱̫˰ɡһŮҲ޷ʦݣˡҲܡ
һһȣǱۻӣүЩҡξԺ֤켧
õƹһ϶һߣξ楾סͷͷ£񹭣Ůݡû񹭣°ڣүٹƣ˫ǲǺ帮ϵүһģһأ
Ů˳ҵͷƤۣԴԺû˸ңܹٵȻ󣬵šǰƺԣЮŮûô
үֿ϶涼񣡡
öүʱ͵ϥξ楶Ǹײ˰µŮһתĵүѥĶҵУҪĲʱؿڱ㰤һȻҵ͹˵ˣѳҲǼӰ죬ǼӲٸȭŪοǸӵܣҵһ㻨ȭȸơ
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ʮˣ-1

Ҫһ±ȥү硣ǱǼһ࣬Ҳкüأƫƫ˼Ҳ֪ʵʧ
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һʹĲӸϻʺӡݽǼպʽǰݼ⽻һǿӦ
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⣬ϯûἰһξ楡ԭһ֮ϱδʽԭʵ۵ٲܳҲǲܳŵģξүݣİүô󳯻ʵһͻ˼磬󲻾ӡ
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ʮһһĭܰҸ

(ʮ)-2 ȫĵٽ

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ģܰģ֪ʱ˯˹ȥԺиоҡƤ̫һֺϡ
ĸףͺ˵ɡ
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ҽе˵ʲô˵ıҪȥ𣡡
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Сʱ˯һļ米ҡţҪ˵һ䡣϶Ҫʱʱ̶̿ʲô̫ʲô¡ǴѵĻ̫ӿҲҵĺӣ㲻ܺ˱ˣΪĸһɫĶͬҲҪΪһТ˳ĺһðЩЩЩĺҵҪǷ̫ˣ
ּպ󶨻סԼݣ躹޲ٶǷǣ˱ԶԶĲȥǡɡģù۲ġ
ͷһǣҵ϶㲻ֹҪŻҪúúõģҪȨƺɱ¾Щϧߵÿһˣϧǵĸ飬밢ĸ飬˷飬ʦ밢ꡣպʲôҲɱ˫۽ӣ˺ǵ֮ǰһʲôˣǷѲֵȥάϵǵĸ顣ˣ׷һ
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ҶҶ§ҵĲҼͷʣ˵ų˵ܣǣǡ
̫Ӳ˯׼ʱڸʱûȥͱϴҲûУһڴŸ衣ʲô裬һֻôһס
ϷҶϷҶϷҶϣϷҶ
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ԼǶǶӵľֹϰˣҴ˾ٲŭʹֻǲؿң˵Ī
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ҵǵܶ˵̫ӣذҶţȷǺſʼȥ˼յšüԴ벻𰸡
ڣֻһΣԺٻңҲˡ
ЩˣæصǣҵʡĶˡ
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ˣûаʱʹȡ֮ǼΡ

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һٿԴҲãԾһμһϣСͿҪɢˡ
С㲻סҵġ
㣡˲ӣסˣѻʺ󡭡
Ҽæס죬ҵȥϴˣŶǲˣ£Ȼٽ㡣
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ҪػȴЦ⣬ҿң˫˫Ĭ˭˵Ǽٵġ
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Ǽܻ֮󣬸ѻʵ۱뿪˰յפءүԲ飬ˡӪɽĹƽأǧšѹְүųҪ´˿̵Ǽ˵׾١
ʵ۱²ûгû٣ȷĻʺȻ֮㲻ǰδ⾪ǼפǼʮĻɳأЩǰȥӭӻʺΪΪ˽ɽȨλүɴµ˶᲻СڣʵͻûӰǵ꣬˫ľսҪպ浶ǹ˶ôνĴɷΪΪ
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Զʵ³ɽĵһͽɽڳƣ˵Ĵȴ侰һ
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;кɲλ˵ϵҲŶԣǴǰûҵ¼ôǰӵҲ֪˭ȴӶͷ۾߲˴治ȻҪס
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Ҫת˵һû壬ȴ˵ǣˮ
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Ҳ̫ож٣Ϊ׷оԣֲ˵ֻȥ̽ЩϢϱҴһ
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ӻ㿴˵չһŰֱֽúīɰֽϻЩϸһļͷɫһУĺɫ׷״Ӹָɫ￴𣿡
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(ʮһ)

޹־ԶҺ޵ԭѵıۣ¾߱ս죬ֻȻһ±ܸһ
Ԥһǵʤ롯ͳν֮սĽ֮ʣϾϵس׼ذɽˮԶǼڶսУʥӢߺǾ壬ֿɵõʤΪиӢĴ㡣ƽǼ֪ǼڳճǼƣΪǻϵĴ㡣ʱǼսǲǵģǻʹôѸܵУҲǰŽ̫ӡӢĻʵ۱´˾ȻܲӢôܳΪһɣһǧƵɣû뵽ϸȥǼǣͷֻΪһŮˡ
ĽǴѣ˻زȥ
С롯롮¡ʽˣ˫ıͳһɡ¡𡣴ǰĳӣĳĬֳĶλվлʤ˵޷ҰĲ۲ΰʵڲѻʵۣر¶ҲǼɻģȻҲƴֹ
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ۼխӿ˰ĥĥشխڳϳ岽ߣǰزܵڻºðιȥƽһɵľ롣
伥Цһ·ƣڱҲٲô˵·ԸùְѴ󹭸źãһʱúкǣͷһҲҪߵǧ
󡭡ϳ˼룬ͻȻ˫Ŀͷתϵ̨ĸߵأһ澪ʱ˦޴µ̨ܱߺڣʺߡ䣡ߺͬʱһָ߾ơ
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ҿľһĻһ̴Ѽߵǧ٣ʤ
ʵӡ֤˻ʵ۱µĲ²⡣̲Ϊ;оƣ۲ڻ󷽳¾ĹŬְ̧󹭡ѵĹŬóüѵĹŬֿһ⿪óĳ¾̿ɴһʮɡڴѵȴһ̵ǰн˴⬡Ϊڻ󷽵ĳ²ѡխӭˣųƵһֲǴرصŻ֮һϲǶⲿǳµı
˵ӪСɽϻ̻̲صȵ˰ɱֹãȴ᲻뿪߲ӳϼ貶ĿĺǷѪȾΪô׳ýᡣ
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߰һ߳ԲݣȻǰҲվһߵʣ˾ȴǽ֮۶Ѥһʤ̴Щݣȴȡ
ʼΰɽվߵҶСѤõϼҲƺȥЩɫʡҸеЩתС߾֮ϣȴСĲŴصˤֽҷסҵ˼ݸһЦ

һѵֽоļͷҾһɿ챧סĲס塣⸱ٵطҵļ米ϣȴһȵؽҸ߾졣
ļúܹܳܳúԶԶܹԽɽ׷ϦңǱߵĵطԾɿĸ׺͵ܵܣԾɿҵǸҡȴٸеƼƮ䣬·ϣЦᡣʱһľ޾ǷΪƬһĽɫ
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ϣϦϼţôһֱᴵǱһֱĲݡȻһоʹ̣Һˣɵһ

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ľͷġһصƽռȫⱦĶȻʶ⺮ֱţæùľǡ֮衯ӲҲ͵ģ֪ؼټǧҲ˱
ӺСҾϲ£ͻҲذɡ
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Сʤһ۲ֹۣһ̶ԷҲֻΪ˴ѻʵ۵ϸδȫǸִ϶Уоεǰз˵⣬߲ͨ·ǱҲͨ·оİΧѸٽɡ
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Ⱦ޳ɣֻһȣʶҲΪ֮һɷֱֱƲױоΧߣ˼
λ佫Ҳ𾰽׷ױﷴĻʵ۱ĬȻؿŵһˣأ˼˼š
߰ɡ
кο
ҺЦһ̣ʲô
ֻǾνġֱƲЩɣʮʹ·Ҳ޾Ʋ֮˵ֱԵñء׸ԣ·һ·켧һ·˱



(ʮ)

ӵ絽˺߰˴ССս£ԸĹ䲻ϣÿÿֻһƣ۴Ӯ䣬ֻҪһĵоȥѵıÿһ಻ٽǧˣĬſѻʵչľ¡һ˺һ⣬ʹһͷҲܿ챻ʳ
취ǲˡ
żǱСϪȥϴϴŰɡҶԻʵ۱˵
ͷӪַȥһŸ
ڵذСҺʣʲô
ڵƫͷûʲô
˵СϪʵɿݵĺˮѿݽ߳һϸϸˮǶʯĺӴӳΧյúΡܵĲľżֻɵө棬ʱʱļиԴ˴ס
Ь̤ʯ߽Ϫˮˮвϸɳ̲סһ̾ʵ۱¿ɲңһʯͷ¡ҺԶûӰ
һˮеЩ䣬ҿ᲻뿪ˮСô˵ӦлҪ˵˵˵
ҹѿԲڣǷֿ߰ɡ

Ļ߳Ϫˮ
綪ңҽӹϵȴûٿվԭصĴ𰸡
Ҳ̧ͷŵյ£Ĺâ¹һʲ壬ˣ˵ǻȥǸЩǡ
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ٽţһƬأҵȥѣĶأѽɡѡһߵĺӣ캬ס

ķӦɾ͸ȻٽתսһߣҲҪԳġ˵Ļѿڶڵ²Լ˵Ļ
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һҧͷһС˺ҧжٺĸΡ
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һĶͷƵ£Ҫ浱ҲŲɣʯñ۵ġ
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סҴ˿̵ɣͬҲңҼסҲǴ˿̵㣬ľͷӵ㡭
ҹ˯ȥұӱҹˣѰԶڵĺüԼҡ˵ңǶ£ֻ˵Ǹ߸ġҺͬĬĿ꣬·ɢΧ׷ĵоõͻΧӡ
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ߵͼǰϸţ˼Ҫ򶫶Уͳ¾ȫۼһֻҪԽǭˣ
ĬΪһ´ѻʵۺ켧ȫۼǭ򶫵ĺ󷽼ǿһ䡣ر赲Ҫǲܣгһ֮ض
ͼʾ·ҷѹһ߶㲻һߡ
߶ߣӭȥָŶĴּͷڽ߶ϱߵľ顣
еһбһ߽򣡡
ӭȥظ
ǴӶߵģ˽ס
ԶˡѴּҵȵܵз񲻿ս֮Ҫԡ
֮ҺЦſ
һѰѾԶļͷסȭѨ۵˵ǰսսһһĹҲʤͻȻѣ֮ˡ޷Ʒ
ԶʺΣĪ̫
ӹӲˣʹסҲҸһ¡
Ҹ̧ѥ̤ļ磬͵ʩȷڵأǸ¡ּգҪ¡ּ⣬򡭡̧ͷ򹢺䣬ұùλá


(ʮ)

֪ǲҵвЧԶհת򶫱ӭսԭΪҵĺһԤƵĶ֤ײһءνֻǵоɱ֮ƣʵֻбľ֮ʦǶϱߵ¾
º󾰻Զ޵벻ʺҲñ֮¡֪ұƻļһˡ֪оɱƣÿÿ̽ӻرļʮа˾ģһصȻҲ⡣ܵз񲻿սʥּΥֻýּʹˣһþ󽫾ᱻҲȵһŸŵ
ֻСˣҪȳȥһ
ҰŷҡͷãⶼˡҲԣ⿴ҡ
ͻȻЦôܳԵô㡭
ͦóԵġΪɫá
ôˡ
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̾ǰǧãֻûժ㣬أǰ㲻顣һڲˣȴǻϲúܡ
˵ĲǰЩҶúãһزҪġҹҴĻ͸е
˺İƣڱҲվʱ򣬵˾Զ͹ƺһվԿɻ⡣ǾԶµ֪Ϊ˰ȷʱԡѪֱ˿˳ʤΡԲȱƥ֮£ǱԴѪɳçȻЩ̸ֻֽ˼жӣԶȴѵõı汸
Щѵµһأɻܵס
̧ͷλ˵ĽѲУֻоԶ͹ڡ
صģܵס
Զ̾һŮʺȷ˹Ŀ࿴
εЦЦǹĿ࿴Щ˵ʵڲʲô
Ҳûкߺп죬Զҵ̬Ⱥת˲٣ռұһߺޡÿ־ʱţżѯҵ⡣ܳʲô⣬ҲһЩйڵûУһҲûἰϡ
䣬һҹץʱ䣬𵢸̫áԶ
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ص
սͷ۵£ٶʳȥҲֻʣһһڣк󷽹Ҳжʱ򡣶طвأνʵǿǿռǧ˵ľҪԴݣҪ֮˭Ҳ
֮ʣǳʳԣҵȲ̫֣ض֤ȹ˵Źһӣ˭ģ˶٣ȫ¼ڴˣպ󶨵黹
ҡͷƿˣҲ֣ҽࡣĪ˵ұͲǸеˣǣҲݲ˸С
ҹʼеĸĸǸ֮ˣеú˳ƽʼƽҲǹٹ޶࣬еձ㲻ȫȻνù٣ʵ˵
˱һڵڶղ̡ļվͺһԶġȦȦԣ׷ҾܣתȦܿ˭ܵÿ죬Ҫ˵תһȦҧβͣߺͳ¾תһȦǱߺתһȦתǣǷֵ˭˭ֲԼԼؼٲհɡо򶫻ƽۣȴ٣ҲΪ˴ĵоԶܡ桯
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Ϲһң˵ҿϲϵáһǹ֮һ̹ٵӣϸƱԵɹﵱΩлʺߵ
˵ǰˣл

ûô
죬Ҽ
Ժ󹢺ȷǻûƤͷЩϲȥǼ;Ұĵҵ֮˴Ÿػʶȥȴûһ·׷ҶǵʱиСʶϵǹУͱôӪնɱ
ūǻʺˣﲻڹһȥãĶұøĶô˵
޷ݵġƺ֮ұİڹ١ŮʹūͣͶָ顣ΪҴӲҴãΪʳǣȴҪɷҲ
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б˶ԷɿǰʢĲһȴЩԲ£Ҳ֪ԵʲôҪʮ찡
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򣬲Ƕʮôһˤ룬Ҽ˵ֻа򣬾Զζʲô
Ҳһ𾪣ȷ֪ϴߵʮûеҲֻΪģ治֪Ҳ벻Ȼ
㲻֪ʲô֪ģҺ޵
ʱ˶ٱѹûȥ̽ǻǻš˵ղѣοϵıһȥĴ̽ΣĪҪͨвɣԭΪ·򣬻ǱҲһġҲ˵ȥһʾԶǣ
ԣԶ
ԶĻش绪˵ʵ۱´˷ʶıǶʮǰ򲻵ҵ޴⣬Цؿʵʺ֪Ƕ٣ʮж١
ǰǶ٣ʮǶ٣ȫ޸ҲûбҸˣΪôôųһǰͷ󲻼βĳжʮжʮ򾰻ԶֱƲ֮˵жʮαضܣжʮʲôѺֱص
򲻵ǰǧҲ˵ˣһ˵ңԭôһ˵
Ȼôһиȫ֮ߣ鸣졭
㿴ʱҵġͳУ޲ð飡
ڣǽô
ӹӺۿһ˻ϲ治ôһϵľϰҲ֪ϧ
óЩԶʹֻҪʱˡ


(ʮ)

óЩԶʹֻҪʱˡ
ּ
ڵϱˣ糿һɧҺܿ챻뵽˾ԶľӴ
ʱľ󽫾֫彩ֱ̱ϣˣ߽һĿӲڲԣֻܶǶ飬˿תšסûЦһ˫¹Ȼɿ˵ܶ㵱ǲܶ
ô˵ģʡ
жսȭͷҧ˵˶Ҳѽ⣬һʱҲⶾҩġ
ҵͷݡ¹Щҡ
ţ˵ⶫֻڡε֪ݡ¹ǽҩС
ҿϵľЦúǲãҪ˵˵Ϊ֪ѽҪɳˡ
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еǰҲδطǾ󽫾ɣִ֡
󾪣ңʵ̧ĩ
ĪԷƱЦһȲԶǰֱִߵĲǵϾߵһ·ˣΣͨͨ
䲻
Ц˶ǲʮգպ󼴱˶ҲѪöΪжķˣ⻰û˵Լġ
˾ΣأԵãЭĩ֪ˡ
ϴ󽫾Զ屧ɸݴͳ˧һְ𹢽ıԭео·ߣ򶫱С
ǹҲȷϴ˿̵λãֻ˵ѹ꣬ҲܻڴǻǿѽľӻԺɽʵͷܣܣҲ˵ǸûлϵϢҲ˵ڴ˿
ʮգʹĵ׷һˣ浱Լ콫ô
Զ֮ұ˶֮ǰѸı·߼գٺҲֻýʵ
·оһ潻棬ɹ˵еҲָǷʹǰݱ˸⡣ĸҲսֻһ˾жһʱ򣬼֮˴εолЩҡΧ֮УǵҪ󽫾ɡ
أԶ齺δҺüĿ෴˲١ǰֻعҽСʺ󡯣һһòˣĪһٰˣ
ҹơԶ̯ͼָ˵ϴʱӦûڴݺ֮䣬һʧӰֻܡ
Ҿʡ
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ҵĽŸЩȣءġ
ΪɢһǰݣϱضؿɽǱĥôãҲ˻δ̨ıɻƿأɽӻԣûбԵȼݿǻһЩʱա˵žԶָŶϷһ㣬̽ںһֱ᲻õֱ׾ˣǳû´ɽ֮ǰҲҪѻҳ˵׳˼
ףصͷָں֮䣬סˣ
Զ¶һЦʺܻܿӴ
һһЦ󽫾
ɷξ壡
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Ӻݵֻʮգͬĵطһ·ͨҲҪ˾գҪ죡Ҫ죡
ĩ֮Ī׷ǾʹӪٵúãʿսǲƣۡ
ԶṢ䣬תʵ֮
źװʿ䣬˵ǰɽϴһؿһֻɽèһͷϻභɽè׺ޱȾϻҧѪ߰ߣһɱϻסɽè׷ţһֱ׷һֱ׷ɽͷ׷ͷ׷ɱΪ֪ϻֻʱŻסˣһͣ´ϻ׷۵ΪϻĿڱʳ׷ȥֱϻƵ
ҷˣǧУ繢˵ƣ֮ѽޡԷˣսǰȴǸ߽֮ǳһɽè׺ӮһʱԳɽèͻδþҪ׷ȥ׷öԷɾܸϻ˵Ļᣡ
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Сϵͷûǲųһ˿°ĭ˻鴤жۡ
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Ժս۴죬ɳһΪһٽ£ȴ⵽ǿĵֿǧسǱȴ쳣͡ԭСǳ䴦롯أȴǸܵĵطҲ˳и·ٱ⣬ıս˵ͷһΡ
ֱʱĵιƹŽС£ֱ⿪ַսܵŭλ˼ҵʳһʣ󱻾Զѵ˼ŸЩȥ
ΪЩʱ䣬ҪĻݱô׼ǰʱ鷢˱ԭҪߵĽݾƱصøĵ
ǾԶü̾һµ·ߡֻ·ȴҪصسǣ˵פԲˣҪһһҲҪȥյʱ䣬ʱ˰
Ωһƿԡ򲻾ǰռСǡ
עȴ˵ȥ
׵촽³֣ǡ
ǣսйõ壬ɱһ·ǴǰһǳǶһͨκεֿǰҪҶԷһʴ֮ġ
ҲǰйѶõʳͻȥˣ˿ɫ˵֡
ҷԡȻɱ˵һеİղսϵľˣ޴޹߰
ԶߵʺѰ֮ڴ·ǳһкϧ
Ҵۣ޻˵˵ĶԣҼȻѴȥֺαںٶЩᣬӲս˫ҲҪɱһʴȵġ
һʱ롭


(ʮ)

һʱ롭
ͻȻо۵òУҲͻǰңƣһ¿ϢƤ
л㱼ǿһˣڡ
ĶǻŵĶԲԡ
ǰһƬڰʲôҲֻòϻ赶ն·ľǰСͻȻһգ̧ͷǰǻȻĵˣϷɸɾȴоճճܣϴϴ֡
Ҫϴ𣿡һŷɫװŮӳڸǰöһˮ
飿죬ϴϴҸæǰϴţԭɾȴϴ˺ĶԽϴԽðˮȫȾˡ
ϴϴɾˡһˮ˸ҡ
ƺɣҲڰұ˵ֽ߰ܿˮȾˣôϴɾأ
ϴɡһŮһͰˮƽҵźϴ֡
ūҲźšһݵͷ׵̫˳Ұˮš
лл㣬칫æȥһˮҵϴɾЩҸʱͰ˲˺͸ղһɫô
Ҳźʺϴ֡
תŮһԴԴûţ
ǵôŮ֣Ҷǵ˵ҸģԶ
ңŵ˺תѶһСӣһϴɾϲˮУɵҸˮʱѳ˴Ŀʺ죬ҲкճճĶҵָ

ƣҼæ
ϴˣϴɾġ
Ҳô˵
ǣǣϴøɾģϴøɾ
ѣѣ
ۿӵסڴ˦ͷҪѸղŵج˦˯˶ã
յʱ䣬ҿ̫ˡ
̫ˡվĶͷԼѣƳ߳һƬˡǽݣ
ǽû
ժһУһ뷨γɣ˵ж֢״ǰЩӿߣ°ĭ德Ρ
ͷ񡣡
оСǶһƥæסǰŪЩӫʯûУҪܶġ
УһС
ǰŪһɷĩʯ
һĻȵūȥ㲻뿪ߡ
ȵȣҪĸˡݣѽҲһһһా
ƺЩҵ⣬æǵðʱһƥɴŽˮɫ
׷ս֮ǰбдԷ׷ףҥ֧гĹ¾֮켧ӣ켧ֻҪ켧ս޲ʤ޲ˡֹǴô򵥣켧ӡʵʵ˾ÿһУҲΪˣ׷ʱʹƣԷ³ɱֻǼ켧ּдֻҪıʤ
Ϊֻʿ˵û뵽ԶȻҲ˵˵׼ˡ˵ҵΪƺȴÿÿܷ׻Ϊ켧Ǹν͡ô˵أĬֹУǸֵԷʽָƣҲ˭ҲӮ˶١ֵ˴ʹ·жöԷ͸²š
ô˵Ȼ켧ѳһĴڣҺηһ¡
ǰʮˮ֮ͰװáùٴδԹ黹ʳСǣĿΪ˰ѽˮ͵УҪЩҪվÿֵҪѳİŵñŲһǰ˶ĿˮǿڴԼҪʳˮͬʱþҼֽýӫʯʯСǶСɽڶдֶ
һоˣ
ȫķԸס
Ըеͨ
ҹСʱڰաʿ׷׳ŶĶºУʲô֣ʶֶĶ֪ʲôֶǴ
в֪ǴǺԢʱڱ㿪ʼһȺԼֱ糿Ϸѹ룬ô˲鴤¶кд˵Ⱦߣ콵µĳͷͷ˶켧
ʵݳСΧضҲʳӦԴˡ֢İǡϵġǴ켧͵ĴŻ˵ʧȥǣǼͻ߾ĳͷڲú켧񽫱ӡ
ﵽԤЧӦ˵ǳҵԤϡΪˡаվ泯³𣬴絽ͷûЪͣ켧ķ죬ǵ͹

ϵİǹΥ
ԶϥҸǰһ׼ĴЩţ󽫾ͷһʩ
ʺ£ҵȱˡ
𡣡Դݣо̫Ť
վ˵ǰɱ飬̫Ѫὥɱ˫ۣؿκαֻһֿһܡתͷҵ۾Ƿ켧˫۱㲻ѪۣԶ
һز˻ֻҡͷ
ڳаյߵȥҪȥκƺˮĽݶպᵭȥϵҲܿ챻紵ߣеһԾɻճϢӡҵ˫֣Ȼմ˱˵ѪȻϴɾǴ̱ǵѪȣҪЩ˻ȥ
Сһִ֮˿ǡһ·ͨ衣·سǣһǱŲҾͨһǳ¹ؿŷС
һ·ϲдϮѻʵ¾סѻʵʬ꽭
ǰǻϺ˵ǰӭӻʺЪţҿǹҪǣŭ
Լ·̵ĵطͻȻһֻ·
Զüͷʵкιǣ
ϺǻϵĹø϶Щмӡ
ϺǰĬĸ׻ΪһĸͬĽãλϺǻʵ۱µĹøҲǳ̸ȴҪһЩߣĬĸΪǰĽλǻϺű֪λѺõھӡ˵Ϻѹ˳ѣƴҹᰲʲôġ
һ𣿡
ҪȥЪţԶЦҡ
ɱ񣬷𡣡ɾԶ˭˵ûѪء
ݡ
ڣڣµĴѻʵۣ鸣ӣһô׾ǲǣ
޲޵ģͨͨһȥֻҪֻҪǶúõġ˿Ҫġ
ȥϽĵһ߾ԶҲڴתս߹Ͼĵ̣ܶÿָơ
ϺͻȻһǱɵѡ˴·˭ô룬Խߵ·ǱԽǺߵ·ȴ⻴Ϻ·Ǽ٣·档ǰȥȼݵľԶѻ˿ûвмƣֱ졣
ȣ˼죬ǰڣһڡ˿׼ȷ˵ǧݹгΪ֮ǰţȴʱһҵһ¡
·ȥ···һǧǧһ֡˵žһͼֽϣ˵ɹһûн֮˵˱黹Ϊֺǣ飿
Զָ·Ĺȿ˵ǡ¡ڴ˴ˡ°ͳ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ򣬡ĪĬˣ
ɫٺòıĿ𣬲ȥɱѻʵ۸켧ô·Ҳǳ¾ָǰȿڡ
ҡͷ·ΪָߵĹȿڵ˵ͳ˧һкӺˣһ֣˽ѶԸѵһһؿҳ˲СĿͷ
ָ·˵ֻһߣǺβбȥ
ҵĻһܶʱžԼһɸ㵵ذҿţҿ϶˵ˡ
Զ̾о֮Դ˿δΪҾδҷһȴһǧ·Ѽлʺ
ˣҲ˵ۼбȥһ죬ܸҾ֮ǰȾôһ㣬֮˵ġ
·𣿲УһĬ򾫱ȥѰоݵҲضȫɱһҪЩ͹ȥֻʣһҲҪ͹ȥ
дţ
ĬģָҪعġعǾΥĳƺϴ˵˷ǰΪѣֻҪǰȥһۻض󶯸ɸꡣֻ֮Ҫ켧ϳˣˡ
Զһ쳤˲ӣ԰ŵݸſҪ˺š
ûţתʹͷתӣ˵ҡ룬ʱ𸴡
ʵԸ棬ˡ
ʹԶҲŰе˺ϡáɵôĬ㵱ŹˣҶԴǰſĵ̣žɱܿϧҿûԴȥġţ
˵ʲô



ʮߣ

µսԷϵеսµϵսеսʤʤԶû£Ҳûսֻǣжأ
ʱµ˱ˣսϵġµȴҪΪԷϵµ࣬ҡµƥϵס׷·Ҳ޷ȡʤ
вж٣ʡ
صҲһ򡣡
̰һټһ𡣡
һ򲡲жĬǿûпܣûҲȥ
ʱһ˲ټϣڹͬǰıǧһӣǰвֶϽšͷ˵ģľ֧վģȴǸվñֱشʹûǷһ
µôһ˲Ҷҡˡÿ߹һһصÿһ¶ػҵġ
ҡٹˣһҲӲǰ
ڶ𣬡̣ܲˣ˵˵Ļġ
һͷȻλٹңǣ
صΪ׵һȭʺкּ⾡ܰ£ҵȽǣ˵ٴιء
æǰ𣬡³𡣡
³ϵĩ
᲻ϵã³չ³סһ˵ֶòأοЩǸҳˣ֪˭ս˭š
ĩڣ
˵ְһҵҪȥ޷аұظǣҪȥ
³ЦתͷĽʿǣҪȥӴ
ǧʿҲǸЦѵĥˣû뵽ǵĻһأڶˣϴ׬ˣҲȱ첲ȶܿôȥ϶ҪһƤңֻҪҳܼкη
һһĺ죬ûһ˿οֻһһļҲףԽԽҿҪ
ֻĩһ¿
³һ仰Ҵӡءء
콲
ĩһСŮ꣬ĸˣ岮йڣҲԺǺ޿˵˴³ͻȻ죬ĩ͵û
ꡣ϶һ󣬡ʲô
лȵ
ȾѪײ֣ŽҵУһڣȵҵŮʹļٴȱ
л¡
о𣿡Ϸﲻôݵ׳ʿǰҪȾƽС
Цǰ˽˼̳ۼⰡ
̳Ӿƶϣ̳Ǿʱ˱ǶһֱʿˮЩƼ˺ܹȸɷֵһȴһҲֲˡ
ˮ
³ڵλǰˮƵϡǰһͷ£ȴڷʱСıһλϵĿǻ֣Ѫһ롣ֻλʱ˫ĿһֿȰѵѪľȥȽ˽Ƿߺ޲ѡ
ѪҿӿѪָٿǰĲб䣬ѾƵǱߵʯ
ȫ˴ʯעˮر߷ϼʮĲݸˡ߹ȥγҵĵİ̺ۡǼµİ̺ۻѪνˮҲ֪ҵѪǲܹˣΪǻǱȰɡ
켧Ҵû˿һϣϣ켧
һһڣֱʱһ˲ֺ꣬ʱﾰԶ͹Ѱһв׵
ԶزСᲽһ빭ֹˣվ·ȿλкӺĺССزᲽһ빭ֹһǧˣվ·һǧ³չһˣս·ȿڵ¾
ʺ

ʱȿЩˤ˸ñס
ɫѿҵ־ҪΪҰ
Ҽæ˦û¶˦һȴԶ׽סҲ㶮Ҿ
󽫾ûר־ء󡯣粻ɫŵãҪ˵ʲôʱȴͻȻſҵ֣¶Ц
Զҧгݡ
ҵ壬յס𡭡
жһͷڸ¶ǵḷ́סɫ磬ٽӹĴ񹭱䣬⾫Ķ̫ǰһֱšװ֮һԾ˫Ųһſ͵߸վ˻󺰣
ڣңҲųģҲث֣
һҲսҴĵһ̡Ļ𻨽۾ߵĺɱԴΣͷüβХһδ巭ת
ˣǰ˲ˣһľżһȥľżֶˣһȥľżԴˡģ㲻һ־ͶģΪ۾ȻľͽеӰ˶ľż
Ӽʱűⲻ֪ڹٳΪ¹ȥ˦ƣȥ
еĳ𣬡ūҪ
ûҾͲˣٲھ˽㣡
˻תһѴӭͷȣҡ
и߾ٵĴ񹭣˼ʱס˵졭켧
⸱켧ģһһεؾңٶԴҲˡԽǰ˼ǰûõңüȥ֪ǸЦС侹һѽˡˤؼҿЦãתÿ˶һǲǾͲˣ
Զԭʮֲ˱ݣҡһȡؽ˦󡣺ʧɢұ뷵ȥȴųɱ˳ӿǰһ·ܵˡҲͼССڡǰҲ֮
ΧҵǺӺΪԼϰˣһұ̴ӵӦǷרЮ켧һˡ
ǹۣ켧ҵ¡
˻㱻һѷĳǹǵǹۡ
ʺ󡪡
ǾԶһİΧɱһȱڣȻ˰ΧҪʱͻȻֱ߳һƥͷײϵ˽ˤ˵ءԶҳСܣϸߴƵһ߲תԡ
ǰһѼ׵ϽеĲԶߴȴĿ˸˸ˣҲ֪ǵоͳ˧;Զսʱ䱳޳͵Ϯ͵Ϯɹһ֧Ӽĺ󾱴ĺͷ˾Զļϣһ뾰Զͷ­
µһĻǧ˵УɲǼɱ¾ֹͣ
ԶεͷӼ߾ٵоͳ˧ͷ­ſЦӺ
ǺӺҾ
ۼͳ˧Ϊ켧ɱͶ
ߵĴѱٵҸ󺰣߲ɱ߲ɱ
߲ɱ߲ɱ˷ɽԶŵ˫˷׷״ɱ˵ıûס˵ڻɳ
·սԤԻܾ˵Ѫ̣մ˴һǧһǧڵ·ԷҪһմһǧ
³չʵһ·ȫû³չԣʹһ԰ֽźͷ­˳¾ϣʹ¾ǵֽնֽԾץţʹǵԴҧסšսĳ¾˵ǲˣԵĹΩйŻ¼Ĵǣһ˺켧Ѫ
ɱӺһо˵Ϊˡ񻯡켧Űһۣȷȷʵʵˣúܹ㡣
ʣô
ԶȴοΪֻʣǧ
ҸһЦݣͻȻؿһȣںѪӿ¶ǰ
ʺ󣡡

ҲۣҲˡ

ʮˣ

ԶûôΣ˵֪ҵĲȻ˳ȥڡ
涮ҽҲɾ쿿Цʡ
Զһ㡣˵СӣҲ˺ͬĲ
ҵͷʾԸꡣ
ͷһˡ
ˣʡ
ҡͷ
˰̣޶
ҡͷһʾ򣬼ߵһˣ²ǧƯһ̡
ΪΣ
Ϊ˵ɱˣɱ˺ܶˡ
Ҳ
Ц𣿡ԶɫʺĲҲһ
ס
ߵҸǰ˫סҵļ磬ʺ˵ҪǷҲһҲࡣҪȥ˭ɱģÿ˵עսɳǲΥˡ
ҡͷҲ롭ҲȥƿЩˣƿء
Ҹߺ䣬ǳȥǧ²δػˡҵĸϣϵʱһɡ
лллл
ȵ¾֮Ϸδ׷Ѿձвһ򣬴򷦱˽ǵڶ磬һڸ춯ҪʱһסҲãôٶϢһҲ޷ĬǱߴҲҪʱ١
óԣóԣ̫óˣԽԽˣ
罽ʮΧһԣףٺ
һ׺Ҳܰ˳Ц
Ұݳһ룡ʵûθڣұЩ
˵һһ룬ܶԶռ
Сӻվŭ𣬡Զռôˣ㵱˭ǻʺ
ãʺԣҵȳʲôأͻȻ۷Ź⣬һضŻǿһϸƤģҪǰƤ˳ԣ
ŵö󣬡
˴ЦЦҷڽС
顣
飬ֻһôҡ
꣬Ĵ񹭣һֻ۶ϿͷĴ͵תĬſ۵˲ǳ
û׼ͷûȣһץץУЦط꣬ôк˵ģ
סԶˣһˡͷһֻӣרǰģЦ
üĲȫᡣ
ʱһɫŵֹܽ˼䡣ʱɫҺ;Զߵڰ⣬ˡ
ˣѵı˿Ҳһս˰
Σҳʵ
Ц֪ġ
Ҳأɱң
ɵصͷ߻˴ʬҲá
ãҸߡ
Ҳͬһ㣬˵ˣ˵ҵһҲû֣ǰĳ˵ɱҾĻɱҡϱƴ⣬ߣսǿԱġ
ʺҪԣ
תץסҪεǰľԶס·һߣһŵԷˣϱضԽ˾ݡ
˻
˾ۼڴ˻˵һУ˾ݣĬı˿ӦǾݾѲǡ
ԶЦãԷֺƴˣʯ١
ҡͷʣµоסĻ㻹Ѫ˵Ҳ
һϣһȭͷϣЩŪ齣ҾԶԭ֮
Զ͵ĽԵ˵ڣҿ󾰽Ϊһء
ҧݣڣּ
عչ˺Сȳšֻʵ۱˳СӥСȳŵ֡
߹ߣ߰ɡӣҿԴ첻ߵġ
ƺҵšŰ׷֪ͺá
£ɣˡ
ԽԽŲеѪζ֪ܷϴȥҵϴȥ
񣿡
ͻȻסҵ漴򿪡
뿴ʲô񣿡ʡ
֪𣬷תһ˲ҷ·һʨһɽޡ۾ͷһҸе¡עң˵飬ˣ̫ࡣ
ұֺ̫࣬γû䡣ʮȥٲǵǸЦӯӯǫǫӣʱ˵ʮģԼʮ߰ˣδ࣬˵ı˲ݡ˵ֻɢܡϢ
Ҳ˵ۿ
̾Ͽ٣˭Ǽˮأ治İ
պ̶ݣڴϢٴζ߰պִ˳ĳѨݡһ·Ĭһ㲻ԵúôúãɫҲ˲٣ҪʲôҲȰòǡ
ȳڽĶȣʵĵطǳĬܸġҪ׷ӦеġΡ˵Ļӭʽǳ˿ѻʵۡ³檼еӭ˵ѳаһϳ䳡棬ЦǾ˿Ҵš
һ·ˡ
³һλŻĸˣݸǲͣȴ𽵹һŮĻ˲һŮˣ˺׺ͿҲƣܾ
ѺãҲ̫棬޷Լߡ
˵޵׵ˣһԵŮ̡
ձ׵ˡ
ԭǳѹվŮǰ档
ĳ˽˳һ½Ĭǣҵ˵ҪҲιҿûǺ£˦ߵǰȥ޷ЪϢĬʱ˵ĹǣԼǼ檵Īӣвõĸо
ŵ޵ʣҺԱһŴСҲϴܿ˯ȴսսϲۣû˯ұ㱻ѡ
ָϽϣô۵ġǰһ̡һĽʯ觡޳еȵȻ۵Ķһֱ쵽ֱ⡣
ү˵˹ĿǾò
žžƣˣ̧ȥɡվŵĵضûС
̴¶ΪѣΪ׵ֵȷ⣿
ʱһſ𣬡𣬻ȴʲô˵ܸҲܡ
̴£ͬʱǰʾ˳ȥүҳˣҲûǸ͡
û󷽡¿Ǳ󷽶ˣôҵʹͻûЩһ롣ҪĻԸٱֹ
鱦ߵҸǰЦô棬֮ǸƵա
Σ
޽ܷϸ
ҪƵۣ
ʱҵ˫֣ʺͬһ泯ݡ
ҷס֣ҡͷĬѶ֣ɡΪ֮٣ֻ
֣ſЦ˭˵Ƕ֣ĬһְˣҲֵãܿɥȮӱʲôʹ죡
˵˭ɥȮۣһӰ仰̻ȥ
˼Цǣÿϧûţβһ쵽һֱ׷ϣʮʮɥҡ
һ˵̧˦һƣȴɿ쵲ס¶ʱҵԸٶȷתķؿյ¶ϣһĶɹ졣
㣡үסŵؿҡ
ʲô㣬ҾǴѻʵҶҴϼ
˦˦۵֣ݵҪ˵֣ұ֤еڶ
ɥȮǸ߸ϵ֮֮˭Ҫٸ˵ɥȮҳͣ
ͻȻЦˣٴץҵ֣飬ҵĻʺҵĻʺֻҪҺ㣬¶ǵģ
ЩˣҸֻпĬЩһΨһʤĻᣬ˱޵ڶΣҲ졣СɽèɥʧһҧϻĻᣬȱҪȥ
ǣǣһģ㣬ˣ
ҡͷңҧһڵĿҲûС
˲˵Ǽģ㣡񶼵꣬ɱһٴΣ㣬ƻһУԴݸĵݸĵѶϤҵĲôֻ켧ΪһʧĲȫƳû˻·ϴƫƫҪȥһûЩ·ȴĻ·ֻ켧㿴һУ𣿡
ǣԴݸĵݸĵΪҪȥѰǸ֪Ļʵ۱£·ΣҾҪȥѰ
켧ҵˣ켧ҵˣ
ɿ޺˱סһǸˣľγԣ־ģǱʮᣬֻ̾һĸֽܸİοˣзǷ֮ݹҰǶնϡ


ʮţ

һȻʧķ˵ûʲôġĬʱҹ̸ϻغݴּﱸǻͷ䡣˵ͨΪԳӵĿ⿴ңȴ⡣˵ĬĵĬƵۻʺҵӦŶԡ
յʱ޺ܿȥգҺرأռţҲʧȥ侲ЩʲôұҪٷһˡ
źƺתŴǰҵ޵˵ǰӦôȸĸгּ㽫˽
ݹһʮҸǰͷ
Թ£ߵס
ǣ
ﲻǵĸôʮһǰĸҺв֪Ҳǲüһ档
ǣλ˺СӣǣĬʱŴ켧ȴ˼ĸӡ
Ķ񲻸˵Ŵһ
û´Ķ𣿡ʱ䲻࣬żɽɡ
ͷ˷ţѹҹ⵱ֵ檵ֳѰѳ·ͨߣһ뿪ݡ
ҵͷİš˵꿴һ߳ĬнĴӣ
òĺӹһݣǽ
ߵǰָļͷгһ㲻ǳӣ㸸һӵǳأֻһƽ񡭡
һδ˵꣬ٸ彣Цһ͡
ݸ־򡣡תһߣ˵ҳ˺ߣҪϣ͵ԽԶԽá򣬵ˡ
סᣬˡ
ĬҪȡûЩˡ
Ϊ𣿡
һ̿ʼ׼
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౻ĸʲôҲĸƹǰҪġЧҡʱɻһ˵ЦҪЧҡ
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дĻ

ĳĹڽβ֮˵Щʲô
ʱһꡢʮֵġ켧ˣϲǲϲлܿβ
ǰʻгɳġޡ͡ɡһƪĳյשͷѾܸһӣͷİûɢ
˵ĳܼҡʺܺãַһдȥʵȻкüҶԵĻۻǰҹշתߣ˿šĳһ൱ˣΪһ޶ϰ죬Ϊֵשͷܾáλᵽǵңǵשͷ֮ߵܾԲ٣ǵĻۼӡ
ڴûġ
ƪĵĳĳν׳۵ģ֪òûϲǰһƬкÿһƪµż˵һϴԵϴ˵ж׿϶ҪУĶż˵γһϴǺǡ໥ϴɡֻϣϴû˺ҵĸ顣
д켧Ժܼ򵥣ҾдһŲ̵米Ůġ֮ǰƪʽ˼ͬһʼŵӰƵӿͷβڶһûзĸı䣬ҲͲдĹĳΪĿԽдԽŰ⡣һʯͶ֮ǰǲ֪ˮнˮЧͷ죬֮ǰֻһƪе㱯ɣû뵽굽ĳ桮۲ĻΪżǳʡԼʲô
жʣ㾿ʲô黹ʲôһ˵
ԴˣҴδ˵Ҫһ顯ڵ覴òһ㣬Ҳô˵˵һ䡮һʧ˵ġʧָĳȥѪܵõߵϿɣʵ֤ʧʧ˵ģҪĸܣջ仰ڴҲΪ仰ʧĶǵһǸ
飬ô˵ءʹû˲ϲħаҲΪһڶ֮䣬ʹҲûħôС͡ȷʵʱǲ̫ϲġִǲʶʱ񲻹ǴۣҪڹؼʱ̡ԲСЪ˹ЩҪѪ⡣ҲһһͷУѽôôһʧƷΪܺãܳһ
ҾҪʲô˵Ҫľģʵ˼ʾûд㣬ֻ˵дĲ̫ɹ벻Ӧй֮⻰͹еݣߵ뷨ӦȫС˵֡ÿжҡҪҺͶ߽ͨʱҵĳĬֻǾԶԶĮӲ
ȻܵٶߵַһҪ˵ʼռ±ҪľôһµǲһܡϲģȴӦǻ֣Ϊ˵˼Ըһ˵ģұµС־ӲİǶƿҲ˶ڣҲΪϲһЩɶǹһķʽҲòЩߵϿɣȷȷʵʵķʽôһˡ
ıʲҿȥǿߣ˼©ָҿȥĽáҪ˵²òϲΪˣΪģҪǸǾͳһ¡²ϲǾſ¸ǸĻȷʵģÿ˶ǱĿζвͬ԰ɡ
ƱǴ˾ʸжľʹ˻Ͼšƪ̫ϲһлĻô˵أˣһô˵ģǵİǴԸûаװܿࡱǸһʱ䣬Ը켧ûǰװסܿ࡯
ѩѩ 08.10


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