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1

һеĹ»ɲ׽ʼɡ
żֻɫ߲βֻҪӣЩǧ֮⣬Ҳߡĵȴǡ
ңǵӵڴ߶ǣǴѵˡЩһᲢۣгԽ¶ԵƾоȥϿл֮ˣһϿɣΨһлߣҲˡлôƯĽ
ҸҲŪֻȥǹȰɣǱ޺ܶࡣҪеκһ㣬ǿǺܺľ¡
ûУôһȣͷ鲼Զҵ·һ·ɱǹǰ
һŪֻģؿɼһŨյɽȣѾıˡɫ¹еĵطССķʲô
һԾңҪΪԽϡޣԽĮԳɵԭûƿ֮ǰǷһеģޱȡ
ǳţһӣ׼չȭȥĳֻϡģĮޡʱһƥȫڷĴޣҼøʲôƵġеĶޣãˣ
һѾסҡ㲻뽵԰ɣ˼ĿԵעȥķ򣬵ͷ絷⡣Ը߹Ƶĸ߼ޣׯﻹû˸ΪĿ꣡죬Ϊʲô۹Źص㣿
أƵģѾҪƥϣұ׽̡
һЦϹְʮغϣ˵ĵطȫ˵ˣƥҰңƨɶҡ˵죬Jۻ׹ƵġҲʶʵЩСƥҰУ¡ǸԳòãԽԽ£ǰǳȥΪһϸµʤȥ
ĵ˵ޣȥõĽܾˡ
ҿɲҪ֡ںȷҸϵ˳򡣶Ϊˣȥûĵҽҩ
ڵһβˣŮҼʶԺưҽġġŮҽ֣ʲôӾʲôצǸŮûûγͷ治û˵һ˵
˵˭㶼ǣǧƽԺǱߵһҲǣǵϼҲֻƽˣǧǧƽ
ǻʶңԺεСˣȥͼԺ˲һҩԴͶ·֮£ֻȥԺ
ԺһƬɫϣι״ĲݣǲݾȻҧˣˡŮӱԺƤЦⲻЦʣҪԺǱΪӲСߺߺߡһ¡
ϵҧ˲ݣ쵽ģĵĲݾм¶һʪʯ̡ߵûĵضáݽзʬצסһյ蹤ͷᱻĥ顣ҪСޣ
ҾҪ£һץסŮ°ڣۣҿűߵֲ
ôС뽵ԣʡʡɣΡ
ĻЩһģܲĹֶˣġ
ϣĲƽҸҡʵ̫ãһԺײƽŮǰ˵ƽĻƽ˸Ŀҽ˵βҪһҲÿԵġNNDײˣһҪΪҩһҲҵϱ΢鶯Ȼ۾Ҫһҡˣǧƽƫƫһھ͹˺ġŮһۣʦ˼޵ˡ
˵ɽ£ò׺˽ӽȴһХƥҰϲˡ޳ͷʹҲ˲ŰŰˣסëһԾϱȴһʼͼ뿪档ҵһθܷܵɵ˿ֲ¡һʯ쾪ĽսӰ¼Ծұٶȹֱɽ䣡ˡͷҪּˡ
ŵһ˷θһֽȫӴ룡
Ž϶һ붫
ôģ
ƽ㿸ġ㵽ָʲôƽˡȰҩˡ
ҩҴػһ飬óĽǣƽң
̫ˣȻǷһծ
ɫôô
Ҫ˵ƽһ˭Ͱ˵ԼУҪ˼ʱ˾͵üʱ
죿ҽ걻ѣ
ץűӰԼʵذͷ
ˡˡˡ֪ôˣˡ
Ӵ
ҳԵʲôҩ
ˣ޲ץƤѽ
ͬŽҴӵȫѪɫհҡƬ̣صʣ
죬ǵƽˣǲǣ
һƽִ֣ͬ̽Ųͬʱ˱ᡣ
ҾƽΪʲôšüǲҴȥԺ

2

ҹһҹ䶯Ķֵҧ˲ݡ
ƽĽⶾʽô򵥣ô񶾣˵˵㾡ǣûĵ˲ʱֻҪˮͿϱֹѵϰҷģӴҪƽƽˣȷǷ˿ǵģǷǧǧǵġ
ΪƽԵʣҲһʱ䲻ȥǡƽ˺ǰҸҶһëҪҵѪĸΥȥɽȣֻԶԶؿĵҪһЦϹٳٽׯæòɿƽҲæûҡҸžԵڴˡ
˵˰죬ˣȴִһɾ˴ո߿ˬʡվϣ·֮ȣƬãɫ纣ǹȲͬ߾ϸ¿ɰƽٵ裬ﻨ㡣۹һƬŭŵĻԣһʵϪհƣϪһϴŮӡ
ҲʧʱȥʲôطЦǺ˵ٵѽٵȶ֪ׯİɣЦǻþӵǣ˭
죬ʦֽ
˷Īѽʦеˡ
УҲû̫صıݹַҲѵҲǺģ䵱ѵĶǷʱ
˭£
ǱϴЦˮʦ¡
ˮգ˵ôֺ׵˵
ˮʦҲСܹ䵭ġΪԿյĹϵ
ˣޣˣׯȷиҵʦ֡ԡˮʦ֡𾴵úܡ
һˡˡǣǣôܵǸɽȣ
ǹȣȥǸµޡ
µޣ
ͻȻһֵ죬ʪܵСסӣڣ´ңÿŵ
һֵֻסҡ㣬㣬㲻ͼԣҽúܲҵǸ
ν²ţ´ǧֻűӼЦ
ǣգۣǣ˵ǸʦµŮӣеӡ
һѾס㶺ǣŮ۾һ⣡Ҳеģ￴ȥһ붡еģ
Ǳҡ߻֣סͷУ˵ǸǸȥǹȵ·ָ㿴ӴһͷΣҡˡ
һɨǣҪˣңʲôϪˮٵȺῴһճ˵ʯڣߵȶҪˣߵɽˮûƼǿʯڣƹһɽʯ±߷ֲǹԶԶˡ
ʾʲôʾҡ֡·ˣԣ֣طҲ֪ô£ʱԭ·أƫƫߵزȥɽׯааÿһ˶ܿ߼ȥ
Ųϵڶһ·ڣҡ¿˿ҸȽĵطٴڡ
ʱɽ·ʼ㣬ȴùŹ֣ƽ̹˵ȴʧ⣬㲻ǰ壬һڶһ㣬ȫ޷ȥơһɽھͷղסһ·ֱ붴ͷһźڣʪķ硣ٶڴ˿Ѿɳĳ̶ȣŵðΪҪֱܵظǰȻһˮסӭͻȻֵĴˮȥ
ҿһŷǳµ
ʲôһ
ҴӵһԾģ㵽ʲôطˣ
ҵˮɽϵһٲٲֱ׹ˮ̶磬ϸİɳʯ̿ȴĵϰ㰲
ôߵģ
˭
˭ƽɨʶѾͷ㼸ʱׯģ
ɨ˿벽е졣ٿеĹӣԭǰѴÿŵɨ㡣
ɨ˴죬ɨûôɨһطƣ·㲻ߣӺɽɳɳҲͰˣǵõǶ«֪ɨЩ׺Ķɨ˶𣿳Ѿͷû㵹ùɨأ
һСһɨѶץɨҴɳ
ָٲϸһԭɽиɽˮȥ˴룬Ҫôʱιķ紵бˮѷ֡ôǷɳ
ҵ
һָۣһָ
ͷҵţСɽƵһѰɫ«
ЩЩȫɨģ
ɨģɨģ
ס˫ⱻλɨصĻƢҲʾ¶λƺˮһĳ֮
һûɨˡִ󣬰ͷ«έ«ȫˣɨطɨ߻ӶɨѣĭɵرԹüëµصˡһңʲôɨ
ľɨɳʯƮƮ«׼ɨһ룬ôɨǸѽ㽨ɾǣǡѽѽ
̫ˣ̫ˡĭѻ̻ض
ѾͷΪʲôطɨĻҩѱˡΪԸôɨɨȥ
ϢŭϢŭһȫƤɨҲһӵĻһֱ˷йҸպײϡؾǴ˵еģ·㲻ߣƫ
Ƿ¥ؽ磡ܲ¥Ҳ֪ɣ
˳ָͷҹԹԿȥԶһլԺ¥󡭡
ɨɦͷ֣üëʼнһһ¥ǾׯǸ󡫡
ɨ쭷ý߳ʱһѿ
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һĨѩӰ֣ʱһŮɨԭ㡣
ŮӺҲ䣬ɨΪҲһΡ
þò㻹ôѩƯ
һŮʲôʲôɫ˿˵̬ȱһĿȻ
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ɨҲͽˣ治ѽϧƺ˵ˣɨ
¥ܿ졣бǰɾɨСֵܣ˰
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ǰһȣ̬ת֮޽Һǲƽ˫ֲ۵ɣ
Ȼ֪ˡ
ҸѾͷΪ㣬ҵ°ɨһ飬֪͸û𣡸鷳ҪǸ㲻֪˴£һϴΪ˭ҲҪܣܣܸƨҲýһ߰㣬ʶԲԵ˼ң֪ȥɨ¥ȥѽҪѷ¥ɨɾޣԺɨɨ㡭ιѾͷһŵģ
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»ʶ㣡ɨѣ¥ȥ

3

ûİĿıûȴɨɨļһǿɨ
¥طҲ̫ˣҪôأֶ࣬ҪôأǿҪôǿأ«¥ҷɡֵطɨأ˻ΪҹشǿǣɨأӶʶأӡ
ϦûƳϣȻ죬˼䣬ɨɨžʹֻоӸ¿¹ŭٲǰɨɳʯصɨŰοܴ࣬ٽ
ټ¥ֻӰҡӰӣӰ֯Ӱ㿣۵ðֶðû˿ûŻԼ
ʱƲ㣬һӰڷ¥ӰС
¥ˣܹ֡ٵüûУȫ˾ǵ䷶߽Ŀ⼸ûϾԽȥǲںŲȹĵط޿̵ҵ񾭱ٱһǰסȥ·
ҰɡһһҹʱŰطŪӣ鷳㣬ЬٽȥͼͼݡΪһȥЬӡѽ̧žС̧ܲɡ
ͷҰΣۻȵģ˳ҴϰЬӡ
ϣɨһ´ˡ
˭
ɨصѽ
һЦɨɲյӣһŵģ
졫
Ǳ߱ȥ

߲ͨ
ֱֱŰھȻǸˮء
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سرߣ˳ͷ˵˵˱ȥɣ¿ɺãˮŪˡ
ˮŪࣿһաȻǷ¥Ʒûʡ
עңԭǸСŮڳرߣµ˭ôû㣿
ܺãûңҲû㡣Ҳ˦һסرˮšͷ·ĥȻ䷿ɨǾ󹦸ˡã˦ˡҽзʲôЬߡ
շ硣
ҵһޣҹˣɨһø˲ߵġ
·ֵģӷ¥ôǸ󣿸оǸշ绹򵼣ƺеǿǵ˸ͷɫãշ´ƮƮɳˡǣྡһѽ
ڶǱһɧѡ˵ȥܵϣʦֻׯˣ
ʦ֣ɽׯˣҰȼ
ܵ򶫷ȫɽׯ翴̫֮أǰһʯ񹤵صһֻˣһϻᷢԹ⡣ʯվˣݸ˴һСֻдɹ̫׳ɳķݡ
ſʯ϶ԶƲɽǷ
죡ͷȻšüͷǣǸ·ס
㣬ôҵѹȵЦݿʼӲ
ѽĿָơѽ
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Ҿǵ˷¥Ҿǻ֤ݣС￴ȥͦеȻˣң˲òࡣ
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ڴ˿̣Ŵɨѵɨ̵̨ӣһܿµ˵
ӴѾͷҲɨòǰ;ǰ;ɨЦңߡ
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˺ļϧ̫Զˣô˿Ǵʦѽ磬ԲȻʦִԽ˶ʱҾ㵵ط֣˾ȻΪ·շ硭
ȵȣշ磿ţˡ¥סȫɽׯðĴʦ֣շ磡һЦϹҽׯʱرģ˵˵ʲôţޣշǴʦ֣ʦշ磬ӽӴ˿ҿɲܲˡ

4

ɽׯԴ˴ʦ֣ÿ˶ذÿһ£һЦϹٳ죬һжڽܹĳﱸš
ңʦٳ㲻ͱ©ӣװҴ䲻ȥǹԣҪ洫浽
ǰ漸Խܣ洫浽ôܣ
ôࣿһЦϹֹ
ˣáһЦϹ֡ƺʦǴ󲻾
ܲˣԴӴʦֻׯ󣬾Ϳʼ񾭽šֹҿÿ˶е㷴Ӧȡ
ӽ𣬷ÿȥԽٵϹ䡣
ҷۣѽʵ̾죬öһרעԴÿһ£ҵӡ
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Խڷܴ·ǰһֱһֻȸԽھȻǵˣպܽš
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5

߸ߵԽֻ̨󶦣һȼմֱڣһЦϹֺڶ߱ʦʦ˹۽̨档
һЦϹЦǺǵȥÿһ߹Թȥ棬ͦˡҪʼһỺ͵ͻȻƽջôЩ룬ȴһҿֱࡣ
ոıһ¹򡣡ʦ˵
¹򹫲ȫһƬӦ˷쳣ԾԾԡ޷һ˱ݣĳ˶Դֻɡ¥ĵԸɾѧУеĵùñɽУһȺҰӣ̬̬ġ
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ܲˣұɤһͷ󣬸ϽԼ徲һȻǲ徲ԣ²ʱߺ˷ܶȿɼһ㡣治˵ǣô˻ɡ
ԼСʱӣ˳ҡſϻ˯ҡ
죬ҾȻû㵽챣ӣ˷ࡣ
ƿһЩñһʱ˷ƵͷȥǹЦŽҸǰ߹߹ȥȻԽ̨˫۷쿴ʦָʽʦֵĹһҪԽ̨֪ȫׯ˶Աʦָ㽣Ϊٰ
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6

ʽԵǷһͨ룬ɸŵһƬͬĹУһЦϹЦЦɣֺ
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һЦϹɴʦշһܣҲˣҪļһô֪һλǵʦ֣Ǹˮաȥһѹ˵ʱ¶Ա̬֮ңҲܲѽ
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ŲԽˣʦң죬оö𣿷죡
סӹ˲ʦ۹⣬ͷˮ
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ˡҵſںɨԴŵǼŮŮȫʮɣֱǰһЦϹ֡ʦֻǰһƣľĿȥ
ĵɰ籣ȥ籺λŮӣ̬أȫ޷Զϰ类Ʈ࣬һ飬ƹֱۣ̬򷽰ãŽűߵˣܵǷĿһС
ԽĿɿڴһˣֱߵһЦϹǰӯӯ°ݣ籶ʦ٣Ѫʾ⡣
Ůˡ

7

˺ˣɫأԽ籶ʦĵӡ
ôû˵Ŵ֣һЦϹֺʹʦ֣󲿷˱鶼΢仯
Խ籶˴ʦһۣΪշ磬ȻǷǣǲǵҲĲˣ
һĩ˭ͬʦ˵һЦϹҲûǲʿ̱˵ʦ֡Ҳ֮顣
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ˮĿ⵭ƮԽ籶΢һס
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ͬʱзɳ⣬Խ籶תֵһָڿл⣬ڽһһȻ쳹Ǽöձ飬Ůͺһ
һѪ֧Ѫܵӣħ֣
Խ籶һ˵Ҳʦ٣ҹ
ʮŮǱˮȴһЦϹˡ
ˮʦ֣
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ǰԱⴳΪɽҽ㣬СɽׯתƣһȻȥҵȻɶҰٶȽհ˫ˣǸĻŭѽǱˡ
߲ﻨ㣬ԶׯһԴϪˮֻԭȾֶԷǷȻͨɣת˿ԽԽ೤շҳ嵽ҰأаһȺëɫķƺƵĶǡ
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ػģׯأͷ裬Խ籶
Խ籶ǰ̧ͷһ˫ƻ
ǼߵͷԽ籶һɽڣڲӿ磬չ裬欽ϣϢ
ȻһǰԽ籶лײУ˫ְϣЦ϶Σһǿ缱꣬ɱǧ˾
군λˡ޴ֻӭûʱ˸һ¡һ䣬೶߳㵴ڷƵ˻ǲ˹
Խ籶ңһ˳ʮѿҲƸе裬ҧؼ侹Ѫ˿һһѪϡ
޶ôԽ籶߾ɽԽ籶֧Ҳ˽ȥޱǿһؿãǵľͷʲôҲûУһƬޡ
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˲ﲻֻ

8

Խ籶ɫһ㾿ʲôˣΪʲô֪ػ
˿ȻһӰǣ˽ΪֱɹߵĶ̲ʳǸоԡʳѽ
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׷ȫȻֻˡǸ˾ֵ֣пһ֣Ѫ쭶ҺþУҵĽԽ籶ʧķĺѹ
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ˮʦ֣ҿԽ籶Ъ˹ӣȫֱƤ
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һɨԽ籶͵һȥջزѪ֣ĮȻɨңٻصѪϡֻµѪѾ˴ѩʯ
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жãΪʲôôǣѰɢע;ʼŬշྣڸղССеսͷʮĵʣ⣬ʵǺ޹ģȻҲ޹⣬ֲ˵㣿
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9

˲ĩ߿һȳһעĿлصǸҹѪ˿۱㽫ʴˡ˵ù߶Ը
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ԺҲѽңֻǸң
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10

շȻȥʦƺ֣Ȼ˵ʲôǴʦְ첻ģ붼˭ѧ˵
ƽҵһЦʾޱȷ̣ôȻ׼⡣
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11

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12

Ҿ͵ùˣܲȥ鷳ɺ޵Ļ֪ĲȫΪҺáԣÿÿʱʹ㲻ʣǹԹ
˵ҿ㽣ôˣ
ȣһˣȺȿڲ˵ɡ᲻ᣬҰ㴷
εȱѩϻۣڷǼ鼴
죬ǰƴڻɥ־ʦ֮ԣֻ۱ֻҲȥˣԽϴʦָּ㽣Ʊصѧ·Ųʦ֡㽣
ôһԴ巢Էθ֮ԣҵֻ㶷ķݣ˵ˣôֽ̤ʵظֳϿҵͷأʦǻþӵˮգֻ˵һ仰޹ءţ;Ҹ񻨶šǣʵǡʦǸǸº͵㲻Ըʹ޷ſ˯ŨŨ˫ۣҲŽȥĺģھׯɳ֮ء
©ƫҹ꣬һϵĽԵķȻֻܲ﷿Ǽ˵޵еļһ췴Ҫһὣ׷ɱȥ֪ٷÿһųԵöܲңԭ־ӷ¥ĴСϡһ磬﷿ʦȫӦµʳϣСǿžĵ꣬ǺܽСǵлˮ㶯˵аʱҲ޿̵侮ʯСֱɶ͸ζ
ɿӡ̵Сʽ̤ɵı˺ʹźׯû˻ᣬźЦŸңׯû˻ȥû˼Ĺġ
û˼ôأҵɿĲȽɱȾׯ˲Ϣλ˼ˣӾܶˡǲȽǵȴ
㲻ѧɣźߡҡЦʡ
ůڣ˹Ƿ졣Ұΰѳ䣬Ļѽ
ҿɲԸѰ鷳οҲᡣ
Ѱ鷳鷳Ҳ˼顣
ôû۹⣬Ҳóȷϡ죬㻹ʡЩ໨ڷϡ
һץסź׵֣ӯڽޡ̨ҵ֪ѽ㽫ղŵĻҼٱɡ
ľɵ񡣡źܽԷԡ
麣ɵϣʵı˯ˡ
ׯǸļ֣껨Բĵطȴˣ꣬ѹǳݣȻըͷݣ㣬ĿһƬããһ£âڶɽׯӳǸ߸̵¥ǣǡ
죡źҡҵļ硣
㱻סˡ
һлιź׸Ҳ
ǸڣԼ̧ͷ⣬̿ϴجΰˣ
죡
һ񡣡ׯ¹𣿴Ҫɽׯѹ֡
ֻʣźȴһ
ι
źƾʧ̬ЦЦΡôͻȻ
źɫָҲ˵š
źૣ֡һƱ˵ׯôһӣôε
ɽׯʱնʲôϵɵģοпһҵר
ׯﵱˮʦϻػлʱ¹һ꣬ǳ꣬û˻پһΣˮʦԴ˶Ժ쳾
ޣеʣˮйءźףշҲˮʦ֣շ粻Ǳߵ𣿡
źǣˮʦֲʦӣˮʦԴӳң㽫λøշ硣շ籾ǵڶӣʼΪɫܵʦˮʦ͡ˮʦֲׯ֮ºշ㱻ΪׯΨһɵʦְѡ
ԭˡźףˮΪʲôң
ź̾²סңԺٸ˵ɡˣղԺ˹ƺŮ㡣
ˣ˴ӦŮҪɹҩġ߹ź׷ɱԺ̤ɾͺˣͽǡȥʣׯ˭̤ɡ
ԺŶ룬ȻûӰԺҩҩţҩȴڡƽŮԺֻҩҩԣһֱûȥκһ䡣
űߣҪ̽ͷȥವһӰɹһعͷȥһöҶ״ҶӶǽϡٲ¡
ʲô
嵭ζëȻ˰ɡֻӲͷƤŲš
ʲô£ƽͷҲصʡ
ҸǿĸζǰŮģǼȫȥˣ
֪һӲҩ֭
ҩôͷоһᣬôⶫǸ˳ԵĶҵģʲôͻţƽҨһ׵͵ߡŵɫĽŴ
ƽüмԣãպҲԡҩһתţ
ԺռżţȻ˼䡣ƽšüͷԺҪȥģҲò
԰ʮֲͷ
԰ҿ첽ȥȥǸ
û˸ɿСҪ԰ƽյ𴽽ǣ죬ԭʲô֪ѽҲѹ֣ôʥĵطֲвŮǲȥġ
ȻȻҵץߡ
ƽվסƽ㣬ǿ벻̰
ׯȻôĵط©ˡ԰䲻ٵޣȴĲǡһɽ۹ȥ԰ȻĿһөөˮͷչߵˮ壬˯ڰշ裬оȻŲʺ硣
ȫׯ˶ˣ԰Χʯ·԰ȥʯһվˡ԰ڰӣׯϼøźףԼǹ۾Ҳһ
׼ȥˡҪƽ԰ţһִֻ˹
ǣȣſң
ְ˽ɿϵ֡һģ㵹ȥٿƽɽ˺ĻѰõӰҪʡŮȴҪȥȴˮƶ
ƽˮű仯һг֣ˮɫӿĪİӿ
ʲô
Ů΢΢һЦĿת·
Сˮ׻ˡ
ˮʲôأǼʡ
֪СӴ˽ˡ
˵Щʲôˮ׻أӴ˽٣ҡǣʲô£ʲô£˵˵
̿ҵ֣Ůһģһģ쳤ӣɴ˫ĿҲûʲôһԽԽԽԽˮ⡣
ǡǾЩʲô
Ҽûпңֻǰֵʯ¥ڡ˾ˣ׼Ĺȥػͷ漴ɴ۾죿ա
ˣôңʾַ˴ˡ˹ģɿСڼǻҲ߾һ֮ʵԡ򣬴Ҳڹź׵˯ڣôң
ôģһյذһߡ
İŽĿǰûһƲд׶Ρ
Цã죬㣬ǡģ
̧ͷһʯϵˣֿһеˡ
ҽҲˣô죿أҪлɡϡҪƽʱʾ׼ƣɰһѣ̧׼֪ȥ˭øսʱŵ˭Ҳûշһ£һ·
̳ȥˣno problem
Ц̾һͷҳӻ֣תһ죬ӱײһ£ǰһһ
졪
ſңվ
ʲʲôصˮһˮұϣֻʪһ㡣ʲô£˶д˳ˮС
ǣһֻһֻ룡

13

÷ˮǱڣƸƵҲð磬һɽׯļơ
һһֳˣҧ˵Ҹ㣬ǲ룡ǣǻ᲻ðΪһгʶ֪ʶҪ˵ˣðսѿ״̬
̨Ⱦ壬ǣվڰʲôʱǹѩ򣬹һ̶Ȼѹˡ
ˣˣ͡ȭһ°ڣŤŵŵܡ
ȻʧЦ²ʶҲڷ⣬ҲҲߡ˭֪˶Ϊ뾪ޣȴͬҹݵˣѾͷĲ볣˲ͬɡ
бգ뵵ˮһϿաıһֻеޡڣʥ緶һصĲͬʱһĹâŵУɿλ͡ۿžҪˤˮУշճסС
СɫȫʪǱһЦϹЦһ˵˵֪ʲôѱȵ˰ɣô״Ϸ˰õˮˡõŵȵմʱ
СһȻһǵһμ롣ѵ˿ɹ˹ˣǳղ벩һׯ˲żüãҲ޲߰ɣ
Ϲñƣǿ׳죬ϷȻԡ
СЦָ˵ӣڣʥǵȻׯϿедͣбɵķ۱һˡһЦϹֶϤġ
շ磬㲻ٶǣˮ貨ȡʡСŮ޳һмд̣˵Ǿׯˡ
շҡͷЦ۱ӵ롣һЦϹ봵ӵ۾СԷ𣺡Ը⣬ǲѽ
һշû˵ȼˡ
Ҽ˿ûעߣʱһ죬⣬ϣƶ˱ڵȴڴʱ·ҵĳ֪˶ѣȻ첻Ըֻ˸ҵ֣вҷӦһǿס֫Ȼ˼뱳ϣ
ҵĵơ
˼ҹȥ֮۷裬ҹΣֻдһƶˣ䲻ǿҲɣǣµأҺŲȵĸоҲɣҶô
ͷâͣסӣŬ˫һߣΪһôΰǿƽˣͷԿ֮ˡ
ȡҡ£ĸڶۣ֮һۡ
շ˫ָߣƺϲ㡣
Ҳϲµ˫һͷңµµת
ʵҷŻȥ㻹ϲϲġ
Ȼ֣Ȼȫ⻰
˦˦ԵӾ
ձ鷳㣬æ
շ翴ˣƽ֣Ұɡ
ҡҡͷ˼
ĿɿڴԭһշȻһͷ޽ͷ޾Ȼ˻ʣ˭ˣ
շͷЦֻˡδ׹ˢػ
ҵԷƼ件ڣˤȥͷҲҲȫģһȫʬ˱ͷ崣żһ˼󷢴ȱһǵǵֽˮȡ
һһ׷˰죬ζͷϱͷһԣԾͷͷҽ·쳤ؾú󣬶ϷϢҪ̧濴ĶλȪһˮǵذΧһûȣˮѹɽͷ죬֫鴤ȥǰһĨںڣҲˡ
ɣҧţ߾ûһ찲ӡֲʳ治ʳĸ߼ϷˡһٳSTOPǲǽк¹ڣ㲻ҲûһС̰˰ΣҾˡ
ţۿ룬ҸȷԼţûôֲ޻Ȫ϶һôģҲûôùɣҪһһ顣
ͷңҵŵһµ𣬻ûȵһѪȺʪͷѾ
㻹ͨϲ
շ磿
ұʽԾ𣬼շ磬
շϾվţֻ΢ЦûжޣܺáռżµúܣƸֵÿˡо룡ȥˣⶫذɣ
Ҷշ󣬽ǱƣշǰŲ˼ͷңǽһ졣ѱŵͷƤ飬鷳˭ңΪܶңѵҿȥȽϺθڣһ־շ°ڣһֺݲͷİˣû᲻ݣ
һһģͬϡýš
øɣң١ҪšΪŵÿ̱ڵصʱ˼ʲôϡ֮ĸиţһײҲûɶֵøиŵġֵܣҪòã
ʦ֣뿪ɡһᣬžǡ
ȥģ
㡣뿪ĵط˼á
շ翴Ұ죬߲˰貨ĵؽ磬˳ڣû˳ȥء
ҵɵۣţ
貨˵貨һ֮ڣһ⣬̼շ˵貨ˮѽˮأ
շ綴˼㿴ͷʲô
ͷҳһұԼĿˮǺΪŵģˮȻĻϷƵѹĹ̳߱ӨΡ
£ˮף
貨֮ס
貨̲ˮĵײȻûˮ
Χ˼תһתȥҵţʱʱշȴвͬ
Ҫȥط
Ҳ˼صȷðɣȻô϶ұȭɽˮߣ͡
շһ̵ֱ̣ߡ̰УҲȥιҲȥҲȥҲȥваշ罫קȥķҵðɣ㣬㡣
λ־ᶨʯĴʦھſңҲʵûʱ뷢ҶĤһۡ
շǰһƬ׿ɳʯվƬ̺֡˿ƽʯŴô˵ǿ߹ȥ岻·һƬءǰȴһ̦޺Ĵӣֱͷˮ㡣
վǰңײĿ⣬ҷշ㣬շ޶ãᶨƵֻ߽ľšͷֻһ˦һŷľ̹ȥһɢ
շΧһȦһһںͷһӰ档շͣ½Ų˼ӣұͷ޶ëȻշӣλջߣȴǿҡڸͷ޽ˣ޳շ΢΢һЦ˫ƾٹͷʲС汬Ƶģһâƶֱӡ
ǰʱâ䣬̵ˮ׷·𶼱̴ιܿʧȡ֮Ȼ뵽Ĺԣۣ˿Դ̦ʴɾ󣬴ӳֳԭò˱ѩ͸
շָڣĵط۳ʹ⣬ҵűʹӳð㲻ʵշ磬ƽͷһ⣬оΪˡ
ǡշϵͼ˵Ǿׯ֮
ȥͷĴ󣬲ұȽϸȤϵͼͷʲô
շ纬Цҡͷǻ
ôǻϸȷֲ񣬷ڵĺۼš𩣡һ֣
շͷǷӡͷ룬û⣿
Уշ״Ҫ赹ȥ
Ҫһͷ޽̸ߵҲˣﻹҪҸ޴ԣ
շͷעҽ߬½ǵƬ̣˵ﲻȫԹԵĵǱȥ
ĿеһƴһҲûУ롭ңҲھˡ
շ۹Ŀ΢ݣȥ
Ҳ֣շ˦Ҿȥûվȣҫ۵Ĺâ糿գԼֻһĨϡӰޱȺĹͻȻ¡¡ӵײѿһ죬Ǹ˶һΪ϶ɳʯ߷ҲòԾǰվţҵ
ãӣֻ°벿ѿϰ벿Ȼһʱ˷ͷޣͷһ̣һſϣǸѷ졣϶ɣ˿ű򿪣ֳһµֱ̨ͨڲһݶ롣

14

ݴľ¶ȾԽӽ-20˭ܸΪﶼ⣿ӵصһɣվڱϣӳˣֳ壬ʵʵӪͲΧ·мںӯӯůС̫Ƶġ
ϳһֻ֣ܵһߣշֱŤû°ɣ
ҡҡͷָ⣬ʲô
շЦΪأȻǡˮ
ˮһֱΪǸţǸؾʲô£
վű𶯡꣬շƻȥµƽ̹ӿʱѿ죬ƿշɳУշͷڳʽһշ磬Σͷ治ɫⷭץһץץУӵеһļʽǽһ硣
·ܵٻͷͬʱ߶˹һʱ֮亮⽻ڶҲƲʲôʽǻȥӰӡҿ˰ģ˶ţС۵ĵסҵȥ·
ΪˣȻֻ޵۾Ȼ˵ǣһǴȽϺáҾԼҲе񲣬Ȼͬ˵ȻǰҲ϶˵ǴǼһңȴģҸоںͨ죡Ҫͽīߺˡᡣ
һκâ˼սĻ磬Ǽ¡շִУĻ£̧ͷƺɣͻȻֶű£ɾ䣬˧һٵ㣬ǣ˿δǣɵۡ
ûϵٻһΡҰοû꣬Ϣббѳأѿɳһ⣬ڱ֮ڣԣͬʱԼ⾫顣
շƣ⻮Ļ߽䵽УҳǰƯ̾ΪֹǵĹ⡣
ϲշƬ̣ҡ
ѽôƯ˭ϲҵͷ絷⡣շȴƣڶʱȥλõĺΣֳԣҶ֣ɵȵſʱȴʲôҲûˡ
ףշתȦ˷֣˻ħ
շһЦʳָҵĶͷʲôأ
Ŵ죬ʵң⶯ǲǵеʲô˸ͷȣѽҴһ㴿һ㡣°ʾ𾢣ͷշˡתͷֻԣշ뿪Ǹʦ֣ȵҡ
һǸͬأȴְ壬˸ǽϸǶһ⾵⵹ǴҪģ𺳵ǽ¸Żصһ㣬Ÿˡͷİ׷֪ǻ
ĹҵĵԼŤ쳣
շ翿űҴŴһ˵Իԭ¡
ûžӴԸ֣ôɫô󣬶ͷôһҪߺ˵ࡣţܺáתܵշߣԣ
շһСʱסĵطиԣ֮Ტһ泯֮һ֮ڤ·ǰΪջΪڱջ裬ʱر١ָŵϵͼΣ˷λϵ⾵ӦǸ޴󣬶λܺĸԵĸ
ҴͶ䣬أ
ֻǲ²⡣շ翪ʼŻ߷λٻҪ֪
Ҫ򿪣
Ӧòѡ
ܸоﲻԾ򿪺أ
ǣ죬ʧİ˸˵ݣǲġ
ۼǶֶţԾԾԣָڳԵľֵνǣҶıȽϰȫ
շԭضסӣ𣬸űĺһ䳹ǵޡ˸ͷסΡһʱ䣬ʱ˿̶ϡ
볤շȶ뿪Щͼδ߰ɡ
߳ȥһʱزͼݣһһϵôͷԣɺ޵ǣֻȴ˽һУҿ޵û޾Ȼˣ
˱ңշƷţһѷȻ޷졣շһֶϽСǸȥˡ
ǴҲԸģշֻҪĿ΢ݣҾ͹˲ñʲôĻʲôȫһ貨Уʶλ˾ηмӵĴʦֵͣʲôޣշֱ˼ɲ޷
¼ݣ԰ƻ缷ˣ뻹ûüƮŵֻ꣬ĹͷһͨˮУȫʯ
죡
æԴޣǰҵô죡
ƺļ٣´ңͷ³ûû¡ưοңҲưοԼ
ͷһЦϹ죬ҹ
ϴԸҹȥһЦϹ֡ʦʦȫңСеܳ
һЦϹֵҰΣתͷʣշ磬ȥ쾿ʲôȥˣ貨Ͻ˿룡
ȡˮշ粻ô
ϹĿң̸͵صͷ
ԭץҵļ磬˿ͻȻ̵֣Ҳ⣬Ҳ⣬Լֿ֣ҡʣ죬û°ɣ
һ뾪ɣŪһͷˮ
ôộ
̣ԸͷûհȻң˲𾪡ǱһЦϹҲڵˣǵҡ
㲻ûȤİͽ
þоշһûһӦϹ֣۽һֱɡ
ޣô˵ȡˮˣǰһСǳЦѶ
־һͬշ磬շ޵ĹŸЦͷ
ģ˴ϲ֮һͬ
շ糯ҿҵĿҲתץôˣӾ˴̼ɫǽһ֡һŤۼﶼôңʱëȻôұˣˣ
һЦϹֵҵɵǽһޣɵǽһ˼飬ѡˮѾͷƬˣ

15

ҿ죡ûסˮ£ɽׯͷ˦һ䡰˭Ҳ룬ҹ˭˭Ҫ飡Ϲַ쭵Ӷ㣬˭ѽԼҡ
׷֣֮ȷͦ࣬ǣô԰ͺˣ֪ҿ϶ûʲӵġˮϹֱģ˼壬Ϲְǰ֮϶װģһɽׯأȻӻ˵ϴˣôùź׻˭Ű졣Ű죬Ǿͺеˣﱣعƣд֡
ǣĿǰ۲
԰ʯͷ׵ĸѹɢȥټһ԰ֻһرˮ㣬ǸįǸͱˡ䣬ûĸƵʵضΣβʱ갡ˮ¹һ澵ĺˮҶȥ㲻üмǸôʲôʱġǶͦÿģʵ˵СﶼϲֻڵգǣĴȡϴҲͱд֣Ͷ˺أ巢֮ĸۣ
û͵һѺЦͷϷ
޾ȥһۣͷ޷޲ƽ
Ǹ֪ĺôˡ
ôֵùܵľô
ָͷٶ֡
ҾͲիˣûʲôûʲôƣ˭пҶ
շң
иƨãһǵ÷򣿡
ǿʲôġѶûˡ
һ飬ȥһ㣬ղ
շû˵תʯЦ̱ȥѽѽûŮ˰Цӣεģ˼죬ͷʯ
ôõĶҰˣֻҪҹվޡ
շЦˣԱߣˮֻŮãַ֮ɽׯׯ֮Уž˸ȥȡʦ飬ˮ֮ˣĻȵ죿
롣롣롣ϹҲнգаˬ˼İͽǰ⣬žƤЩŤ
շתͷңѵһ˿ң
ʵɷн£ҲŻش𣺡粻򣬵һ¡
ЦǾͱˡ
ɶһѾסģôţѾѽ˵Ȼ˶ô˵ˣȻʢȴˣһʶʵġ챻ȥ̧ʦ֡ãƼ£㹻˼ӺӦ
ˣô
շȭǰ
˵˱˻ˣ˾ǷŵҪ˯ķϡ
һ£ͷ羰á˫ȲԺҿϥϿʼǷ֣˵˽յ֣λʦҸþԶ֮߳ˡǣڣߣͬһʯͷϿͬһôôأô˵պõòأôͻأ
վºʹҼվʹ˿ʼߵ˵շô磬һұǸɽУǽаţԶô֪ߵľ˵û˽ұߵ۵Ķˡ
һһ̧ͷշ磺ʦ֣мҪ̣֪ҲûϵҿҪҪˡ
շ֧ͷգգۡޣУֲǽͷPOSEļ
˵
ʣҸʲôҪţ롭ޣô᣿
շüΪʲô
ҶܸȤ
ֻ˵һΣ˵иһѱʱǼƥ׽ĵᣬſس顣ֻǴš
ź˵ĲıϣǴţҲ֮ͬշ˵ģҪܿȥȡԽ
˵졣շٵ㣬㲻ãרעþˣ㱾ˣ
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շġشսЦӯӯûҲôҡֶٵ㣬˵شս֣ЦøӲýթҪ˭
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һֱ룬֣ʲôĺ塣
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һЦϹϴʾ棬ǵλΪ滯Ϊ񼣣ֿԷĴʦ֪£Ҿ͵濼һԶԶ˼³лϥ׳棻ϴϴӣ׼Եҡ·ɣҵԵɡһҪԵؼҼġ
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ڵģһҾȫڣź׸ɴס۶˵ú˵ʲôûӦҸһڣ⼸ȥƣƽɫܳ˵ǰҲúǺŮҲһҾͽøɿ졣һҹ֮䣬ɹˣֻǹȱܷͷȥζȻмһˣûΪ϶˸ն
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Ϲɦɦͷôҿô˵أʵҲûʲô֪ׯֻһԶ㲻׼ҾĶĿ֮ͷҲصߣ⣬һʼͲ¡֮ܶ㲻Ҫʧˡ
ʣιǲϹְô£һˮÿ˶̥ϲˡ

16

о仰˵úãڳĬбڳĬھׯׯһͨţţ֪ƺ󣬷챬ˣԽˣҵüǽϡ෢ͼǿȭὦǸ
ְŽⶫΣգְаȫУڵϿ̣͹¡͹¡һٱ顣иʣ˵и߹ٱˣǽһưҺúöôͲõԱأȥ벻ͨڿд͹ĸ֡ǲߡ
Ž߹̧ͷ˰죬̫Ҫ򶫱ȥˡǿң̧ͷ죬ͬ˼
죬Ҷ֪㻹ôڷϵġ
˴˱˴ˡ
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亹ֱðصǽۼɶ״ãóսܸߡѾĿ࿴ˡ鷳ѽÿ
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һ˵죬˵ôôƱ䣿ҲðôСô᣿ѽֱûᡣ
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סͷ֣ȥȥɣ粻ֹ죬Ϊ֪ǻ
Ǵˣкñ˥ȬȳǸ
·ԺƽŮմ߻ƽºã㻻߹ѱˣͳİɡŮƽҡ֡УСûͬһʶ
ܵϿշŸɫôͬһصֻ֣ϻ˵ŶɽׯʱٻҶϤһܵԽͿշվڷܴ˼ʽСվԱֶܰŵ
ҳҵһƥϲɳͷʣۿҪ
ʦܷźңƵôˣ
ȭģΪʲôΪʲôǶϲͻȻð󣿡
̿ңԹź׵ʦֺã쵨СЦˣһʶ
˵˭С󣡡
ź׾ҵĺ죬ҳȥ 죬㡣źٵλáûǣʲôǲ֪ʲôˣ
ź׵ӰҶץʱ£ֱǴΪһĲܶõ
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ź̧˳ָķȥɴ۳Ծʦ֣ûɣ
ҿ϶ûҪҲϹָôҵġ
ʦô᣿
ѽǾ仰аңҷ֪ƷˣҿõõźŻħˣûĵָȥѰǡ

17

ҵ֣ǣҵ֣
ǿ󣬡ףʦأ
۸ӣҵأ
šü죬ʦôصģ
쳤Хҵ
ס䣬ҪҪ
˳üԣҵģ
ڡָȻ죬عգգ۷޹˵Ҳ֪
˵ءѪһȡ
죬ָСƵĵҵļ磬ˣСƥͨڵǱȥˡ
˵ţһ嶣ɴչСһƥ˷ңҼҺˡ
ǣôô
δ̬źƽð廰СɿˣԺաԽҲȻ
֮ҷ첻һ׵ĲݸСӣҲӣ۵Ҳ֮ˣ
źһۣϺ˳һã˲ݣҲҪи߹ƷͽϸߵĹΪ
һֻѻͷɷɹĬ
ʦ֣˵С𣿡ǳСʡ
Ȳ۹ΪΣ߹Ʒ񡭡ȿȣЦ̫䳡ˡ
źͷҲʧЦԾʦƾСͣҪѡ
һ̧ͷշ磬ЦŴԾµС
˫һѾźף˵շΪŰ
С˼ƥǿУҪÿƥҵĺҪԹԾͷС֮ˡĺʹһεѪ˼䣬ŷˮ
ʦĺܷźһһӣûͬ֡
ѽѽֻƨ渽ͣʦǰȺӣɿСһôͱأ
˰Σʹַʣ˵˭
ʦְʦǰһֱܿȺȻЦһ̲ˮ˵ɷн¡
ļٵģһ̲ˮһһˮ֡Ƿ࣬;
źҡߡȣȫоϢˣΪׯдʦ֣κ˲ϸ𡣡źײ˼ҡͷ̾Ц淴ΪһС˼籶Ҳûˡ
ŬӴᣬվһͷˮ˵ǸЦӯӯշ
շԽ籶ôôշԽ籶й£Խ籶ھסϼһ磬ŲԱգϻԶԶƽһ˫۾˵úܡû뵽Ϲһ»һ»أḻԪ
Ǽ̽һ㲻֪Խ籶ʦΪʦֲľׯ
ұ治֪
Ǵʦֵδء
ҷǣȡġס°ͣ£Խ籶շδޣ
źƵزɣǧܾ̾ǰˡ
ǡԽ籶Ǹˮաˮվ
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Ҳ̧ͷ߻û׼ȴ͵رһڹ
죡˾СҲǵлܡСȻϹ
죬ʦ̵Ļûɣǲĵˮ
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Ҳˡƾ׷˵ö֮ŰСôظǾʱݣ
죬ֹʲôţⶥңʲô
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һֱĹźҹһѵЦšҪʣͿˣûˡ
շֱ磬ֱ֮ŵǳЦĿԶĸ߿׷
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šշǴˡׯѵõͨˡ׼һȴշһδ
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Ȼô˵ǣ찡Ҿϲҡź˵ꡰౡһ˶ѣץҲץס
С˵̣ԭˡôС;룬ȡ̣ԭˡ˿̿ҲЦҲǣֻõнˣܡջΪķϴ˿̿տ䣬ҶҸС
ͼݣղЩ뾪ϲԱأϲĽ羴޵أ鷳˭ⳤ۳ǵĴͷǣߡ
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С۽һڿնԾСֱӯ䵽ԣǰһ̣ҾôȻȻ䵽ϣӦڿնԱߣһ֣ĳ
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㲻Ҳٻı°ɣ
عͷ黬񣬾Ȼ԰Ц⡣ү˼ǣǣҪˡ
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18

˵е룬ųȺƶ˳۳ңʹΣò˼顣ԣ뱳ĿʧϼʱȻûעη㲻ϦֱƮһö겻ׯ˲űׯյӹȻһסȻǰߣᾹܽ룬úܡ
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šתԵվ˴һ߾ʯͷѾռλãѾ׼ܹȥ٩٩ſžĸ롣ܳȴã£졣ֻջ˴Ĳӣ󵹻ԭ㡣
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Ҽ񣬸˿ҵ۹ǹ죬ֻȥշ磬ڿ𣿡ȻȱǣҪȸ٩٩ĵᱬ
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һֻ׵øѩƵ쵽ǰ̧ҵѪ֮֡
ֹȻû¶ȣǳ־ˣסֻֻĹֻû¶ȵҲңƽȻ̧ͷĹˣڴ˵ǻܾˣҪ֪ôȥͺˡڵҡ
ׯþӣͷߣҹսתҹճš߲ͺڡ
þӣŮƬ̣ͷңΪǹңҲΪ˰䣬绪ïֱߣˮеӰ
ûӰӵǲǣҵ߸һͿĳʶ½ôû󳬼ӽŮ˭
ʲô
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ûԺĴ˷Ը׼ơ
ˮտƬ̣ܵȥʦׯ
Ҳ֪ͷʲôֻߴ˴
Ϊ˭磿
徻˻徻óףʲôʹô
ȥˡΣա˵겻һȥߵ߸ϡ

19

ˮսָϣתʱľȫϸѩ壬޵һչȥˮնƬ˽ۣﱻҩ
ҡͷǸҩ̾ϢĵнҺܿߡλˣȱΪûʦź󱲶ںҩľƣеΣʶвУһָγɣ˶жˣׯҪˣ·ˣ
ýѶһ˿ֹţһ̧̧°ͣ˵
ջظ߾ٵ֣ҳʱѺ˺ܶ࣬HIGHòˣû¡
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þһȥˮһͷٴ
Ҳף仯̫졣ջƽƵĺڵ߿ˮֱϣˮʹڵڹûʲôˡ
ˮһ˦ӿ˶ۣȻ治ɫʵ˵ֵķȻиѹŮԽ籶˶źˮʦˮʦ֡
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ˮվŲˣȻߡǾͻˡ
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Ӵιѹϵ巢
ڵϳ٣ſȥưҵʲôգȴһŤȻȲͫӳŤ
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£ͷܿҵ֣һɢ䣬˿ǣЦ˼۹أδһ󷭣źһ彣ͷɹ

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ǰԲŴӳ޷Ǽ˺ô󾢡СЦӦ˵ⱦ顣
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շڵһˣץ˲ӣַܿᣬȴӺû
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ڱɨڵأŵƣ壿ôˣ
һֲһڵָȥŭڣ棡ԼŰ죡
ΧķպԽԽ˿
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ڵصпԣָСɿˣ
ʦʮԵҲģ´μŶԼʱϴƣׯĿ˿治һࡣʱշ˵죬ӲΣǽʲô˼֪𣿡
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շͣ²ӣɤӿؿׯǲаħ
һʧǧźޣٻǰޡ
ҹܾεˣҪǸΣ裬ΪڵĻ޴磬ѡһܵ߶߶䣬ŭһȵ˭˵ǰˣ
ͬʦֽৰͷҡִҡҲ˯Ҳáľ˭˯ţɫܳƢ˭㿴ҿ㣬Ȼҡ
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Խ˵˵Ͳ˵Ҳ˵ҺɨسţʦֽһңһɢºãҵθڵòٸߣɱȥҹźסȻź˸Ѹ㣬˹ȫûš
ź׿鰸ϴǷѵҲȹ˸ʹҹЦǺǣҡ˵ģ㵹ͷʢ޶ˣûȾơסǣС쵰ϳڰҹһ֡
ǻమ˾ͻͬҲٸꡣ

20

Ѿ¶ħˣƵ򴷴ԹȾ񣬹ĵ𣺡ʦҲУѵáǼһ￴ȥһ㲻˵
źҪЦЦ΢ţǻҪɭжɭΪɳΪʲôţƾġǷһ䣺ơ
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źһۣڰ֣˵죬⸱͵Ǽٵܲסʲôֱ˵ȥġ
ҵľϡﻩĳһأ˫ᴷպϣþסҡһͨһ˰ѵôҡ
źڿץţıɱǰ˺ˣͷʹȿȣ֣˿ѿ
Ӻڽ״̬źŲΣڶһһ˼ġѾǼúö˵̣ܽǵó̱ƹļƲˬƱƱӳ䵱ľһá
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Ҫ˹źͶʵ˵ҲûʲôˣֻҪׯ¶״һͻȻҩʵйģҶûϡ
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ź׺ܲ޵ؿң죬˵ǻôʦ֣
Ҵһ֣Ǽһﵽ׸
źױۻش𣬡ǹ
ůѬһʱز񣬡ʲô
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ҹܵͦʬȫǱԵĹʳѹҺԽԽͷɭɲԭ˲¶࣬ǷܵǸ
źסǰס֣ҪؼҡҲҪׯҪؼҡ
ʵҲûʲôµġźԸгԾο˵ϽõҪأµʱħھׯȫû⣬һ˽ܵ˲ˡ
ΪʲôԽԽֲأɶͷʲôħ
ź׿ʼҿͷʹҪϢҲȥ
ұߣȵȣׯйޣǶˣǶˣͷȻħҵʲôطҲˣַɱⶵһȦ˽ź׹ź׹ź׹źף
ź׳ԵŤԹƵôˣ
㵽ΪģҼǵúʹħħֵֹġ
ź̧ʳָ˹ʦ֣ź״ŹǷ˵ѾͷȥŽ
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Χ޻ӣҲҶӹߣȫǿֲ󣬵Ȼʱ͸㲻巽ˣ˷ȫӣ̧ͷֲ죬ʧ
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񱻲β͵èһˣһ̱ڵء
ι
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ɨҡҡŵĴɨѣȻ
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ⶫԵһ߰ù˵֪֪
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ʿɱ衣ôҵͷôɨôһ£㵽Իʲô
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á͡ѾBTˡȭһ
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ңǲڱġѾͷаģһаúöĳԱѰҿģڰɣѾŮѽ
СҲ˵ҿǴӲǷģҪʲô˵ףɸɾǷ
Ŀ뿪ҶµԸĸΣҵգˡɸɾǷҪͬһѵûҸѾȫһϵƽͰɡ

21

׮ͷŮвͬΪСǷһ顣
Ҳʮ涾סɽׯֱ¶ݣǶʺů治һ㽻Ա⣬С꣬۵ѩʲô˴ϴ棬ʲô̬ȫмƽϣҲͷˡ
ǻ֪ⶾȫԼҪеģòȫǼٵģҿɲҸȫǱĻòˮԸԻ󣬲ŰͰ͵ҩˮ˵ɫ˻ĵҲҪݡ
ƽһҵľһ䣺㻹รɡЦЦͷ֪´ըյҩȥˣҸ󣬰Ͱ͵Ĺ۵㡣룬жǻʩĲ֪Ի˶ɵϣõȣ˵Ҫ飬Ƿˣƾʲô㣿
ﲻ֪Ҿ;һıͼǱѩϼ˪
ƽԣͲҵֶһ䣬ɿԭǣг𱨳жжг𣬱˶ٱСаúܣȲƴۻ飬壬Ȼ󣬷죬׼ϴϴɾްɡҪҪ׼һҩܲסСֶξҧԾˡС˵ɿ̳ģȫϡŹֵĶ
ŮҽҾһץס򶨣򶨣Ҹԩ޳ʲôҪң
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ҵɹǵ̫õԵ̣ȥСѤóΡ
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Ʊġͷˣٵȥ
˭ҵĻԷ磬룬˭û롣ΪҰ㵴ǧ̫µġʶôԳУû㾹£죬Ҳ룬Ҳ롣
߳ӸһŽҰУ벻ǸҼƽ鲻飿ûǷʲô飡ǷҲҲǷûϵ
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һߺԺƽ㣬һҡͷ̾ԽǲǵˣƫƫǣǡǡѾľ硣
ŮһԵ˲裬ҽǰ˱飬ԽԽ֣úϲ£죬ʱðôܣûôʧֻ̬ǵСΪʲôǧټҪ飿ңվﷸСˣƾСİԣмͬ𡣡
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ΪڣʡʡɣҪоҲȥƽǣοﻹ¶ϵĺˮǼٵģһһźƣѲ㻹֪ˮٶ֣ƽ㿪ЦȻΪ棿治˵㡪ԽԽ߶Ƿ찡ˮϵĴڸʵ̫ˣ㿴Լˡˮϧ
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֪ĵ¹Ȼˣֻ֪׼ͷұź׿ȫë뿪ڣһ죬úÿţ´ٳ㣬ź׵ʾȫУɿó䣬кˮͺβ㣬ȭŹǾׯһӽ⣬ҽ㣬Сܷã
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22

˵ﻰź״ˣԾĿ׵˵ܿɹģޱҪϣЩҵΪҵĻŻŻšƺûһΪҿǷģ书ƫ鷳׷ƨɺܣעš鷳ʱҲҺá֪룬սһ˼ңλͽˣҲĵͷ­ҡҡ׹Ľ
˵ؼңźü졣
Щǰ˵һֱҲ²ĸ㡣źעԶʦѰƺ׼ȥ
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ûֺĸСòᱳ˵ȸ״ɣȭ ȥô£ǧǴᡣ
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23

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24

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26

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һ˵Ļоշ综ѾɽһѡǶȫĲˣԼ˵ȻûˡҸˣһ㶼ԾǸ겻ļѹࡣΪһжˣշ˵һжȥˣǣΪĽ֣ȴһеĿˡ

⡤1

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⡤2

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ҡͷҶְɡв⽥۲
ΪɱıŤҷѽ⡣̫ͨ˵ˣۡ
̫ô˵ģıҵרֶʤδЦ
ںؼҲһʱȥðգ㸸ּ


Բǣ赭д˵ѪɱʱرȫҪʱҿԽɱһƿӲң㸸ίе£ҪҴɱ֮ǰʵϣֻɱΣʱҲܹɱˡںˣǸ׮ίҿһ
ʧҪ㱣ɱҡȻҪ
ƾ㣬Ϊеһ
֪ףԹһУǵģۿţһֱһֱҪҪ

ЦðɣɱҰɡ
Ĳ֪˭ҵĸͺңҵĸңҡҵֳɱҴɱҡҸ˭һеԭ˭Ϊʲôң
û˿Խҡ
˲Ϊʲô³ʧȥһСе
֮ǰһ¡ʰ֣Խ档߿Ҷ˵ҵģҲϡ
˿ȥ밢տ򻨵ȴʢš
׾ңһ
㲻ܣ޺ſ˫ۻסࡣ
㲻ֻʣˣҪҡ
㲻ܡ岻ɣûȨᣡ
Ұ˵޺ۣҪҲҪ𣿡
޺أ漴ҡͷɴ䡣
ˣϷݵɡƳһԸ
ûбƸĽѪҼͷӿ
ƼڽһЦ㲻ؼɱСֵˡѳѪɱ֣ȴЦ̾ǵ治⡣
ת򰢳࣬߸Ͼ𽣣ˤİͷ
СȪ·ϵȵˡֱ׹
Žͷ⣬ֵ΢Ц˵˭ͻȻڽٲͬôôɭǣ߰У
ھüİ紦סһؿͻȻѪɳ
վڵصУıȼ𣬶欣Сӡ
ÿ졣ȥָѪһԽԽˣԡҶյڻְ졣ллЩάȻҿɶ㲻ħߡһв̫ѿǰǵӹϵʹ˽˰ɡ¶Цţڸ֮ǰҵݻ񡣡ҵĵᣬ⵶Ѫζ˻ɱʱǸ԰ǲǣվˣʮ߹
޺۳ǰסࡣ
޺һߣ޺ֱӰۣȥȥǸ
бۿԭվǱߡ
㲻Թֻˣ뿪
ҴͷΪʲôҪôѿ
ЦҪһߣǶû˼Ҳˣ߰ɣȤˡ
޺ۻƹȥ൲ס޺ۣٸһλᣬҪԣң
̧мӦø㡣޺ۣܵɱġ
޺˽ľס촽ͫ
̾͸ˣԡ
ͷҲصȥѪɣ֫Ѫҽ˼
ͷҲأһ´ԽȺͷҲصҶȥˡ
ҵ۵ġ
ڣһˡ
ҽлԡһ֡ǶǴ
ΪѾˣû֪ܡ
ǰҴ˴غɫ̫ҽκҵˡȷݣǴҴҸȥ档
§סҡԣĸ󡣻ԣȫˡ
ܸ˵ӣӦڸлϲԶҵһУ۳зųҲӲġһҲɲˡҽΪݵĿܡ
ҹʱ֣Į飬˵ԣҶϣһЦΪʲôԶԸΥ
ѪʵĻƻ谵Ӱ￴ա
ǧվ󣬡ĺעɷĩִųޣĳ޴߻٣º⣬ֿ˴ݻ١ң𣿡
磿ǰкܴܴķԶХӯ
ֱ硣
֪ȥ֪𣬺ϷŸոտʼ
ָָָ
ɰϸķɵˡզѪģɣ
żãڳ填

1

Ұã򣬲·ʵΥҵ·ԣ·ˡսԵǣҲ·ˣӣѾƣ
ôֹطأ˵ĿտջҰַ籩Ϣžôֵطأʵڼǲˡ
ǰķˮİˮġһ˻ǰˮԽɿڵҶСۡǸ˱ͷб̽ˮУڵʲô
ҵ֯飬֣֣Ҫӣ
ӣǸ˻عͷҺܾã˾䡣
ԼСۣſɽˡ̧ͷ޶ĳˣЩõشߣ쿪ѽҪȥ㣬Ҽ׷š
׷¡¡ĳƶ·ǧ¥̨״һһѹԽԽ졣
ȥ׷ƶˣСۺƻӰǱ׷
ˡŻ׷ʲôȴֲкĶ׷
ĶҵסӰ֣ʲô
ͷȥ ڤ𡣻Ȫ洦Уһ·û
ɶƣȪ
Ȳȴ壬С۶ҡΣ
̸Լл㡣ҵͷˮУһŮӰۣ粻Ŀܣɴ˸áԶҳȥôͼҪأ
ǰôšѹûҪô͵ͷˣ
ң˭Ҵ۵Сۡһʣ㵨ͦôĪ¶Σҡ
һã˾ȭǫһͨͷģҪȥģ
ͷȥҹܲţ԰ǵظ
Ҵ˸䡣
㻹û͸͸˾Ͳоˡңϣ֣ˡ
˭ƺҲû͸
˭Ҳ㲻ҿ϶ˡ˵ñµİĨͦ˧Ц˭Ҫ֪ôľͺáĿͺá
ӢˣʣúмֵǣһͷˮôĶ֪̫ĿˡͷҪȥ
˵ȥͻȥЦ˫ֲӸָңûĳŮˣû͸ͻʧʧܵӵĴѵúýһ̣㻹ָֻקˡ浱ǰڶɵģĹ۸ҿˣ壬Щ»ҰЬ䣡
˫ԼޣͷѻȻ˵ûĳŮˡھһڶɵС磬קʲôƵģ˲𰡡ҾҪȥôףҰ𡣡
ֺʲʩ˸񣬡뿪㣬кϲкαһߵòףһͶ̥׬ͺ
Ѿͺ潣˵뿪㣬Ҫˣأ׬ӲԽԽָҪȥҪȥҪȥ
ţһ޶ϵȫסƵİƮһѾͷƬӣȥʲôѽҵḶ́
һôô졣ûף֮죬ֻһͷȥһŻٲסʱڿն
ģͷ϶±߰ڶС糤һסҵĽš
ιӰɣ׶ҶмӣھӣڻȪϲҽС
ҸˣҲثģұ
Сϻݣ֣ٲҾͰŮ˵ȳ
ͳвңҾׯǰ׻ģֻҪѾͷһȥҹеķϵģ㳶ɣߺߣСвң
ԽԽԽԽ߳һһȥһ磬֮ţɼ԰˭Ҳ˭ǿɿҡ
ׯͻȻһɣҰһΪǰ;䣬󳤳ŵֱֱ̱ġ벽֮ңİ
Ȼû½ڰҲڿ̰ϵˡ»װü鶯崿ٿգǽɳصһ
һͨʾMDˡ
Ҫ˵Ǿׯѩһը󣬿ɼɼֻһʸǽ塣ɽͷ㶼Ҫƽءô鷢ׯ˶Ĵɻ䣬ܿڲ׷ƽŵñǿ׳죬˵ͦϵ֪Ĭǽ𡣲㲻׷ô󶯾ׯҲҪ׷
ׯף춯ҡһưɽķޣЩӣׯһ°ͼµزι۷ľׯѰùʱζ
Ϊ˰صȻܵׯڴصĿȫ֮ƾǲغ˲˼֪ׯкŽзǺ˵ͷС䵽ɳǷ˼ˡ
ʵ˼ĵطɳȫ򣬾ǰýЩ巽λǣ¥ıɳصǣǶиŶƵƵݶݿţ֡
˯˯˳ԣ֪ҽشʱΣƽο˵˼ֻԷնȻ졣ҹˣаοطһŸĸġΪˣշƽϡš
Ƶ죬һչ죬ڵᵽһζ㣬ҲҪǽҷǽ˳ζһص㣬ϦһΧ⡣һˣֻ죬ţϵ̧ͷƼֱһ㶣漴֡
ҪҪ⡣
ſˮ͵ͷ۾ϵطŹĤݼ͵顣
ŵش󷽵صһ顣
ͷ԰԰԰ֱЦʣͷߵó԰ɣұڲǹȿɷץģҵ⣬Ҫҵ
žŹȣͣ˻ֵͷ⣬ҿеøݸ
ºΪ֤ݣһ˸ӣѾͷߵľŸͷһЩ֫ѹ˼˼壬Ը츣ĹյȻҾ׼绳ˡ
еѣЩճ˦ѡշ˵ĴݣϵĲӬȻֻճϲӬҲ˵ΪǲӬԲŻ⡰Ӭճ
ҲˣҲˣҵͷҪߣһ̣ں󷽽Уιʲô
ǻӸ˾ˣѾ֪·ţͷ񱼡ںͷ׷׷ߺʲôʲôιܰͷȥ
ͷȥϡǵúܾúܾǰշҲ˵ƻûˮҲûôҲ벻ͨôؾȪأ
һ֮˲սյֱͷͽնµһ̡
ڶСңңĴǾׯˣ
ͷ٣еβָ˹ɢɧʮʣô˰ɣ
ɽҵȵˣ
һϱ飬ޣ
ô
ιιλЩȸҴò֫أģô˵ǽӲ֣ҶڻȪˣȻúȻû͸
Ӵ˼ȻׯƷƷʱ֤죬š˵
Ҹˡڶ˵ӦҾͷŮˡ
ѾǲǷҪҷ쭣һäиŮͯȨ档ͨҷۣ
ˣׯͷģãԷʣЩ󣬡û⡣
ɳȴûſ䵽ߣû׼ˮץ˼ץϡɵĻҽۿҪ̧Ųס䡣ΪһѣãͶǣڶɵļһˡ
ׯ°ˣ˽ʲôʲô
۲аմһЦǡ
ס죬ۣׯˣΪɽСӴʲôιʲô
ҵÿɿģģȪңһֱС
ʲôҸ׷ʡ

2

Ͼһ˻ҽֱεϢۣǰдͷһ˲Ǿͷĳҡҷλ˲ץס˸оҼһžҪ׹ˮ壬ˣһǰ̱죬úúõģŲҪǡ
ϥ֧أһֳڰϣһסң۾ȴźġ·н¶飬˿̵ԲһֽУǡ·ӵ㺣ɢĳ쾫⡣
ŰŵתͷȥģһҶϱķѱУ˿裬ȱˣˮӳڤ𣬽ˮӰӳĵ÷ֲޣ˽ߵĶĿ
̾Ϣ̾ΪֹʹҾұȷЬ䡣
һӣ˦ϡ˲˴ӾˣͷΣΣƮȥһʱҪӡץϣʲôʲôÿܣ
Ϊʲôᶸתֱ£һףλڶС䵲ڴسظۿ۶˲䣬Ȫͨ͸ˣ޴̵ͷܣصķʪ⣬㣬һ޺ĻȪҲǳķɯ
һ̵ͻȻȿգʱĿԡɳصϦݱֻǰˣֻƽɳ
ιҡûɣ
Ź⣬һƬֻŹ⣬еʳ״̬ǡһȻεָղĻǻþ
Ļأþˡ½󣬡߸ˣ͵һȪؿû˽ˡ
Ѿ治ǺĵЦǣ̫⣬лþҲΪ档
ֱͷͣҿ˳ۡ°ͣҲͦ졣ң˼˼ȥǲ£˿̵ı飬治˵崿粻˽ĵϸͶµͷ
Ǹӣͷܷ˼ҲˣʦͷңҾͷˡҪˡߴߴ˵ţҲ֪˵˭
Ҳׯ棿úúá˷˰ҵļ磬ͬˣ㻵ƹأ档
òҪ档ôţֻЦ첻ˣʦ֡
õĵͷ߲һʧˡԸҲſһһƵȥ
һ˲Ϧÿ죬۵µƽˡԶԶƵȥһͷȻŵƹ⡣ϣѾӷɱȥ˻δҾʦʦ˵һҪ˵
ϰ㣬˵ſڣȻɲסԾۣʦ飬һſڣҪôֱӻȥˣûɰݷݴҵġһ֮¸ɻͷʲôڽСҿ˿˸ֵľڽš
Ҫһ׵ֱֱѷ¥һȵſڣԽ˵ͼ͸ǻ껣Ժ󷽡һִ硣
Ŀ֮νҲ̶ãɢϣһǼһȺ֪ĶԵûһҸϺ󣬸ܵĶĴܿȥиͷǺɫСϳ졣һͷŶǩڽűߣʦצԣ죬㾹군㡣ͷ˵׽ڴ𡣶ľ˹ȥ
ǹأ׷ǰ˭˵ˣ˵ĶôôҹڵϣڻУЦߺߣСҶͣͷ㣿Ķ佫ᵽǰСҵţܵǰߣһʱϵ˽ţۣ㻹Ҷ
üҪ͵ʳļһԴһ֪ʱ䱻ĥúɫ
շˤĵӰȻǰһſڵϷʱѹڨڨĹ͵ǰȸ״ҵ
ǹͷ죬շ磬һ¾񱻿˵ƵĹԹԲشСԵðɼȻ֪Щ˲ǣȻ֪ˡװźı飬԰ʦ޵У
շҪЦЦ£˵Գˣ̳Ա񣬴ͷˡСôָ˹СĲӣչЦûһ
͵һۣиߴշ۽ǣĵ۲ײţ㿴ҿ㿴ȥһᣬ߲Ц
úöĺӣЦƨҰһۣɷ羰뵽ҪӲˬͷһԿ˼֮ߣޣˣô
ʵ˵շںض
ͷҲ˵
ڿһۣͷˡһתʣˣỳ˵κλҲϣ۷ƮƮһգһѷеӣƭ˶᣿һϣָ̾Խ򣬡ѾˡƩ˵Ρ
һֱرУر׳鴤ȻұҭģоЦû֦Ҳ
ҪöԷ㣬ɰսЦվˣһ£ͲֻĹ
仰ûҪߣģҺܲˬزһꡣ
շסƿһÿˮǺ¡ûɶˣе¡ѧСĲӣаһꡣ
վſһ΢΢һЦЦһЦ˳Ц˹ˣ죬ĶΪ˵ʦûѹ㡣ȵһۣ˦˦䲻һƬƲʵˡ
ǰŸߣʦʦɱˣ㵨
ǲ˱ŹκͻᷢԸͻ䣿º͵ܻ벻ʱɸ˹ҵĻǸշӻѿڶⲻңΣⶼʲôʲôѽ
еѾƹѩҪԲһѱɫڷα֢ͷʰʦ㡰룬ָŵһУôħ
һʯǧˣδͼһźӰݵĴܴħڶ࿺ܾ˵ҹɫ̽ӣããɳغֻһְ𨺮⣬ҰžϢһ˷ܣģģ
ͬ˽һʦֺ޹˵Ҿ˵޷Щдׯǻšǻûһʡ͵ĵơ
Цָ֪֪û֤ݣ˿˵ǲɽ֪ͺãСΪϡ
ҵԼǫ˵ôСķħ϶ꡣ
죬ǧĵеġѪģƽмơϾ̱ʦҡ
Ҫ˯ʱת˼Ȧְѱӷȥ飬ŷС֪ʱˡ˵ʦͻ˵ʲôħ¾ѣ˲¹ǡ
ڵصڻָűϵˣұץˣǲҪˣ
ʦ˿̺ܲмһˣٸҶׯħֲǼѪĶ޷ǰ˶衣ң˲εʱ֦˵ģ
ƭǺǹСһȻħ
˺̼ܶȥ˯ҹʵ˯ȥǶǵµĲԼ⴫ֺȥԶһҰۼҹɫʦ㷭𣬿ӳȥ
LOOK    

3

ҹ¸߸߹ڿУݱ塣̧ͷ£ͷذסлʼǳǳûڣ̵ķŲ԰ɫɱȴǿơ΢΢ǸˡҿһЦɣҲһ΢ЦȻˡ
ǰϸɳĦ󣬼ɳХڿգ·һִ޷ɳų¹½ýƽڰտ衣ʦվɳ£治ӭӡ
ʣҹҵĵʲôӾ±廪ЦЦȻ
쳤ˢȻһ飬ɳ߶˲侹类¹ⶳڿУűѹ£ɳأΧãϡɳƮɢ
״ѣҵ沽ߡ߱˹޲ϣϸ֮£Ͷ㾹з׶
ЯʦܿɳأһƼңõסҲӵ°ͣ㣬ſ
Һһ£ǲˡ̫
ͷת귢ʣСӣģʲô
ɽ޷ˡʦ۽Էϵס
ͷЦתһƲЦ˫ֲ޷壡õĺܣ߸кξģ
תձ޵󣬰봹ᣬԭׯݲÿҹߵģδš
ڼʶˡ
µشĵط
һ˦ͷɧʮعкָ̣״̸ܺ˵
Ǻǣׯһ겻һ꣬һЦϺзһһĵطϵޱ߼ʺɨɳأɳʱֳ룬ֱֱɳߵľͷôȡⱾǳ޷Ķ󷽷Ļѿɳͷһţǹġ
ⱦ顣
ЦЦҵʲôͰ͵ҹڴɳأһӣ˵һöɡ
ʲôϷû˼ˡ
ʲô˼
ִ˵˵֪ͺáתͷߵ˵޺ۣſɡ
ຣˣһʱ鼱Եµųǰ˲һ˵ͽһɿ֣漴ʹʹҸָֻȺҺʹΡĳ֣ؾ˸֣ļԲȶ
ʦסҾ˿ڣΪѪ쭷ɳ֪û£һʱҲҿڣֻʦڰ֡Ѫ֮ЩѪʹҪš
޺۵Ů˼ˣЩ޴롣ͷȴһģҸоǱɨ˲ջأѪľ߻ͷƤ顣ҵ꣬ƵëȻڰδδš
޺Ҳ̧ۿ꣬վߵǰסҵߣ൲ȥʱʱɨߡЦ񵭵˵˵Ĳôôçײ
λŮçײԸģӾϰ⣬ġ죬ڻǾñʡ
һû׼Ѷšǰ̽һⱦģ䵽ɳСվǱ𶯣һ
вͣвңͲҪĶˣ
Ҿв㣬ôĹҲɲ˴򣬴
˻Լţһʱֻüȥˡ
ӹʱմ˵ҽѪ¹½ɫҹ۽鵽ݺݵһ˹ͬʱı޾顣޳ɣδʱѾס˿Уһδȥᱦ飬Ҹǰָצס޺۵ľ
СӣҶ㻹۵㣬ѱ黹ҡ
÷ſץűüͷͷȥԡ޺ۣѹƷų
ý޺бһ׼ĺŤҧסƬ̼塣ܵƿ޺ۣʲô
߿ȱ¶΢Цħա
ʦѾɫӵҶ¶ǾħŭҵѪҺ֪ǲʧѪԵ̣ݴս
סĿһһңȫ죬ÿؽڻط˼ŤΣʱѾû״
ǻɢʱ̣΢΢ө֮⣬תΪ࿹ĹԣԹϡͱͬǧеһ㣬ʹ˻ţ¹ܡ
ׯҲЩԡʲôأ
ߣƾҲ֪˭ֱתתӣոɣȴŸһʱֻ̣ȹﻹ
ܱħգ㲻˵Ҳ̫Ѳ¡죬ֻǣھׯʲôǸûа㹩媵ĤݣմҪˡ
˵ʲôô
һЦˣû˵ⱦҪ͵޷׵ļҲû˼ҪׯΪСһЦЩ˽˶Թ̧󶯸ɸꡣ
ô֪ˣοЦ
һͷˮ˾죬Ȼȫһ߬˫֣̻ջǵʹѪռһβɫŤżģ
֪һƷҵĶһȥӽǣϵĺڰûҳ˺ܺںܺڵĵطûй⣬ûдУûҡ
ǣҵĶȴü紵ϸɳˮʵĶҲü촭ϢԵʦ֮
һĦȵøˡ
Ҫʲôʦ㱩ס
֣аӵĿڣҲȲ국ԵһĬǡˣ֮Ȩû㶮ҵ˼ԴҶá
ȥнԶɳӷɵž
Ҫʲô֪ʲôʦǰΪ
ɳ֣⵹ùѾͷˡ˹ƣ˻ô죿
ҶǸһëǸǽɳû꣡ʦܻ
һϢļžʦƿյ𣺡ҪʲôѾǵ˵仰ˣѾû⣬Ȼһαһμ
룬ҪҪһݰҲˡ
Ҷһ㲻Ȥ
ģ
ϣġ
¹ȻƽⰡôѾͷô죿
ǻͨ챾£ʲôӶɡҰɣҷʦû
ʦ㣬ͬҭۡҵ굴ģĵƮҵϦҲûСֻԼˣǣ˵˻֪ԼôֻǷˡ
ôЩʱֱι˺ʹƵȻֿйɵػ죬Ȼһ졭ڵسƤںоˡ
졣Ƶȳ֣ˣ
ҿ룬ֿתȥɵȻ뵽ʲôֵǰſ۷һ
Ե̧𣬡ģĿǰ¡ƽҵַϣǸªѪױ㱩¶˿УֻĹƻֱӵģֻ˳Ѫ࿿
䣬ʱʧɫ͵ѪܶѾˣٶȣ̫ɽǰҾ׼ϴϴɾɡҪԷ̧ͷͬŽУûУȫϯ侲뵱ûطʱҵռֻƽسԺȡ
ȫϯȻûеģһ㿴Ű졣գգۣ̾ǿຢӴû˿̧õ־Ҫãһֵշƽǰ㣺ֻʱҪˡ
зˡǣӽζͬŤĳӣ̲ס̧ȥ
ٿҲûãȳԶɡշѹҵ֣Ҩݵߣ𽵹ľٶڳһ˵ȣûչգֻܿɨԱһĿߣɫʣô
ƽձôһ飬Ҳֻдķݣڲһˣеǵɫ֮ɫ
ѵôᣬƽʱҪ˵ֱұһֱֲϲˣշ磬Ҷˣ͵ģϲɡ
շһЦң׷ʲô£
ʲôԵ
鲻ɣסؿʹؿԣȳһѪȡͬ顣۾鵽ʦںͷһĨӣʮίҶҪˣѾвҡįذڰ֣ҲǵˣˣҾɵ
Ų飬ɢˡ̾Ϣһ£ƽܻ취ģ̫ġƸаο̾ҴҴǣҲˡ
ո˵ʲô
ҳһͷȻշ硣ôߣüͷﵱܷ
˵ϲҡ𴽽ǡ
صͷסͷסһšǣһôûôϲһˣҶҪˣ˵ĿЩ㲻̫
죬ϲ֮Ƶģô˵ֻĻϲ
ڱ㶣߿ӣʲô
շվڼ⣬Ļϲ

4

Ϊ̫ӴϲãƿϲҿʼԼֻȷȷΪڿнľˣ
ſƿǿӡǣһпֶǻþ˲𣬿ǣʱ˿־ôãﻹĸ׵ĿϲɺأΪ˵Ļϲһʱ֮ʮֻˮͰ߸ϣ˸£ǾϣڵһӾκ˵Ľ
峿ĹͶ߲ŵŨõɫҲפ˰譲ӡշڹУȴڰӰˮīϸӰ֮ӵĶ֪Ͷؿռ䣬ᰴؿڣֻǾøˡ
Ǳƻˣͷ˼û˵һѧԺɵһۿңһ˸ͻͷһǺãϣҵϲһֱôˡ
Ȼ˵ɡշ籧¿˿ûôùġ
ǻȳñˮҺ˲޸Уƴôùֲôùģôùġҡ
סҵ죬ѹͷ˼򣬱Ķŷſú졣
ǰƱһҰһȵģ̫еᣬסĲ鶯շ磬ҲҪúõĻϲ㡣ҰҵˣҪúôңԲңԲϲҡҲúô㣬ϲ㡣֪֪˵ЩԭһˣҪ㵱֪֮ʲôй֮𣿡
շңҭˡЩǻỵգҷۣһȸ࣬ԭؼʱҲǸ廨ͷ⣬ڸ㺣ɽˣûУ㡣
շסתǰЦҳ̾һĸ·濲ۡ
ڴͷɽׯϾͷһǸݡƵת˼Ȧˣ̫˴Ьһ·ȥЬҵʦһ񾭲ĳ鴤顣ʵ̫ûȤˡҶѾмѾҳ죬ҿ㶼ƮƮȥˡһѪЦˡ˵ʵڵģҶеعⷵ
оһûǸˣҹڴϹżžͿʼͳʱ޲ֺúഺأȥϲһأάţŵӷһһⱬըȻ죬ׯ𺳵һֿʼˡ
ĳԵ𺳣ڲҰһ²ˮϣɢһĢסɽͷ˾貨ɺˣǾˣʵֻһʯ貨Ѻˮ˶ǣһÿѧ۹·͸˵ϾӲ񣬸ģı
̱ˣ
ˮƣԵźɫ΢⣬ͬȼֽһֳͷķʽбһǳʱǣڰҷŹ⻡춥˲оˣڴֿɼĵطһֱժ£ĸоȴ֮֮ͣеĻ
˷貨ڵˮֱͦͦ״ˮӴ¹±ҫۡͬʱӰӻ崵һŸɫ
죬ֻڶһռϷ壬ֱ³ĻΧѹֳҲĸϡ˵Ļӳյɽׯ΢
ϹԼڴأҶƬ̣һ˵ʱȥע·״Ѵһ򿪵̣̹¶¹¡壬˷λһͨ¹뾵У뾵֮໥䣬һģм佻֯ͼΡ
Һ졣ǰȥ͵ǵۡ
Ƿӡѿ¡ź˵
ӡϹεؿ
ǧٿסŲԺ󷽴ȥһׯ˵ǸӢӣ٬ˬħڳǰѪ֣Ҳһ˰ɡðң׵ҿħٶȾǳ¡
ħɽǺ޲ħҺУ˼Ա˵
Ҫ˵˵ġ˿ػ˾䡣Ҫ˵ǰɡħʲôϵħһЩڼڵˣʱеľħ
Ӣ泣⻰ƽڳ޷˵˵ûֵطϸ˵ɵ߹һСŮ˴ӺЦسһЦϹ
ϹֱûշЦģˮ۹۱Ǳǹİ˷粻ź׵˽ƽڻӣǷһƺݺ˽š
ЩׯЩȻضûʶ˳༤˼ҶﵽǾׯͷˣû֨ģ
۵һУߵϥ˹˵ϣʼߴߴշ˵ԭûдֻززôʴ˵㡣
ززŮӷ˼۸շ磬ׯӱϾͬ졣
΢΢ҹµӰ޺Ǽ䱩¶µıҡ
ززתһЦտҲ겻ᣬߵ¹£ϵīֻűϷĹͼΡ
˵䣬޺һӰ˳һׯŮͶŮˡ
ŮͷԾҡ
Ϲֲˣιιǳ޷ǳưɽôǾׯɡ
¶һ˿Ц⣬ׯ𣿡
Ϲֵɴָۣߵظշ˵Ȼ˵Ǿׯûˣ
շ꣬˿漴ûֻ˵۲Ȼɿ磬ɽΪΣׯҲûˡ
곯շ翴շһɨɨźסź£ңѾʾԾշֻܿôź״ӣûֻһʱҾȻᡣ
ʦ֣ʵҲᣡϴע⡣շû
Ǳź˿ʼȥ󷨡
ǵûǵɿļεε˺ħѪҰȫʬ국
ʱ㻹˵ۼġϹֶԲ
عһЦϹ֣Źüңֿ˵㲻壿
ϹֵŵżҪۿֽУ欣´һͨҲƣô⸱ӣһ۱㲻ٴֻ˿űĶϹȴǰѵħԶԡ
˴˿һɳ©ΪֻƤҡ
źͷ棺αϸ档
ЦһΥļεˡ岻ϧΪϽڴУȴֻǿݹƤҡ߲ջջ಻Զӡ˭һЦ
岻ǣˣշǶһЦ˱ҡ
üշ米ӰĴӣˣ֪ߵغ񡣡
㵱ǿһ㣬ҲԴ׵ġϹۼշȥ˼Ҳˣ׷շ磺Ҫʲôι㲻ɣ
һ⻰ȫųɡշְαҵͷ߷λ۹ͼΣ⻪磬ѩϸɢ
Ǹʦ֣һͻᾪˣ㻹˼һ¡ſڱ̨졣
мܵϸ˲䱻飬շڷģƻ䣬澵顣
ת̯֣ǶˣȰ׷ǵ֤
Ϸշ˦תиµơҰڳ׷ǵļƣǰĴָ˸֣˧ѾգۣǵЦˣࡣ
Ǹ󷨣ϧˣѴ档ҡҡͷԾ¡
ϹֿеĿշ磬ӭǰȥѯð´踵ĸоǲǳˬͻȻԼ˶ָһָīسצ״һѿ
շЦųҴʧɫһҪδ䣬ּշץȥշ۾Ϣˣӻ˽Ƕ˵ֱ˼һҪ˵ǾǹСƮĶҵҲ˵ָ֣ˢֳһ磬ջշ˲һգԼ
ǱǱߡ

5

ҵķʥĸҽһ׼Ŀշ粻˷һסҵ֣Ťתֻÿ죬ҰƵϣ֣ʹ
շһֳֻͷһ½𣿡пȥ޺ۡˣô֪ģˣ޺۴ӣ׷Ŀ⣬糤ۣƹ˲޺ۡ
ͬʱ欼ɶɱ¹һ˫ȫǼžշ۱ţȻŤһŶȻ˱޵
޺ͷ߸ԽԽӴųѪߣſ죬һźԿдܳׯ̷ɽ̴ڵѪ俪欻ӱжס޺˿Цһ
ҿôסȴϵ춯ע⣬ĸӹƶʱȴδħ˳ǣƤϱӣѪ쳣ɲ־ʧȥ磬ԼĪҳԱΧ۵Ҳֱۻ֣
ɵң˼˶ѰѽϡշҪõˣǽȴ˻ȥƲѽڻﶶɪˣôסҵշ磬Ҫʲôѽңշ鵭Įþ޻ʲ򣬡бȥãûоҵġ¹ϣ޷פʿȴ绨ȴˡ
ұֲֻۣ粽裬඼ʼ¡ɼۣշ硰߿һƵǰͽؾٶԼβȣұշУһ룬ʵʵڵĲ״ȴûʹУоϸӹһɡѪص䣬еͷĿѣ
ӹİɣʱŮҲˡ欵
ƽֹҽ֪ն񣬿˼ôȥǹĶҵöҵı°
һ۶ȫ򵥵ȡᶼһЦ̵ĺõӣܵúɽׯ
һЦϹߺ߻ӻ֣Ҳһʶڻڻľ¡㰡欣ؽٴ㣬ɽׯġôأ
ʼ粻һЦׯԭҵģ쾭ҵġҲҪֻǣƾʲôأһ治
ˣ̲һЦϹŤͷ߹շ磬ϧϵĺˮˣħʵɻֻһʱ̣ҲûΨа۷˰ɣҿ
շüͷȥе㲻ˡסҲ뿴һŤŤȥƽ̶סҵӣȻ˵죬ǶԵģʹǴģҲǶԡ
飬˵ʲô˵Щеûģ㶯֣ʲôҶ㣡ħѾϱιȥֶ롣
շһЦ㲻ôƽ⡣ңа취ԭ¡ƸҶϣĿϢơ
ҵһɴ͵óƽţԾ˵
ףһЦϹֿңֿշ磬ⲻǡ
款ҽҶУ죿
ůģı˪ˮ黬£ů߽ǻұһϵĺɫɢˡĿѣҺħһʹָѱ۵ʹֱǰڡҧҧҳշ磬㣬ƭң
շ縧ŶͷҲлˮĺ˪˳ŻȾɵ°ĵȷȷýÿкδ뿪кδ
һѣеƷɹѩׯҹ£Ϸӿߵ˵㶼㶼㶼ԡҿ粽ǰҴˣҺʣҴˣ뾹Ļ䣺շ磬ԸҰֱۿˡùġù
շɫЩˣģԸ㡣Ҳɳһ̧̧ۣ֣ƽȥˡ欹ȥ֪ׯûˡ
һΣշʹͷ͵ģείԺһŮۼˣҩԱ̾ô£ֻԼɵƽаίֽӣô˵˵仰ѽ
ŮˣҪҪҲҳûõĶб¾ͳȥһʣʦֶΪˣ㻹ﵱͷڹ꣡
ˣűʣﲻ㷡
ŮҰΣس̾һʦֵʲôǸʱ㿴ɵǺ˵ģǺ͸˰ɡʦԭǸˣûȷӵˣһзﲻκ˷ʦ˽Ҳ˵Ǹ涼ۣΪͲںԣ죬޴ʦûõģһöûеġſˣǷŹԼ𣿡
⻰Ҿ֪Լշ硣ĬĬģվʣǣҺܲˬ
⴫ЦȥȴƤЦſڴߣ㻹ʲôģϻȣշһ𡣻ˣˡһֻƻƤΪһֱۣ治֪ôģˡ˵⣬ƤЦң˵㲻֪ô¡
ұʦôˣŮʡǷʲôұϵӣ֪ʲôʦ֪ô죬Щ˵ǿԲۣǷֱ϶ȦŹֵĶ
°ָһȦɰ죬ճѪۣϸƱġһƻҧһڵأɫȥӨͫﾪһ漴ܿҧƻޱշ϶ӽˮˡ
Ȼô˵շ磬е㲻ˬ
㿴ⶫȫûڣһ룬ʶ˵Ķ޷ԭġˣ
һסˣⱲزȥˡ
һ֣ȥշɣȻ˵òأʦڷ¥һҹ˵ĶƻŧԶ»㻬֡
ŮҼ˲õ˵ţҾԾԲԭշ磡еһжԤıģŵģǸߡ
ҪȥģŮ䵭ʡȥ¥ޡζҸˣʳָҾԻŮӻ䣬͡ûѪԵģ
ܳԺͷݺύ֦ϵһȣǰȥһ
ôڣһ󲽣䱸ؿҪʲô
˫Ҷ߼侧Ө䣬Цµأӯ·˫ʱЦݽһĿ죬ǽݰɣ
£

6

ѵǲӬãȻΨʡԲЦøһĴﵽܵ߷ŤأĿɿڴʱѸ밵ǰͷ·ֳԽԽɭ߱ߵʯǽǶſ̽۾
£ЩħˣŻĲ֪߰ˡ϶֪ׯʵǽʬݹǶһǽ䶼ܳԹҪҵⱦЩһưĵӡ󹾹Ƶ⵹˵ͻȻڰ۷ų̹аʣ벻뿴Ĺںܴܴǿǿ
룡һ룬ȥģһ˵ǰͷҿɲٷׯ棡
̾źҸҶã治ʶôׯģģⶼһΪͬ࣬ԭѹûǾҾôҵļʶ൱ءҹȻ˫
ͷֱ۴ֵդϣǼʯңһأȫδɫԻ͡
¡Ļڶߴϥ˽ţֳܵŵأɾһ׼Ĺݡ̧۸ŭĿҲˣݻҪһݵġʥǰݣڸ֪Ƕôгˡ˿ңһ죬Ϊãӽиͬͬͬͬ
ιιվĽݡʲôʲôѾǼͽϡͿΪܣ
һңɫ㤣ٸҶһҾöӰ㶤ϡٲңҲԸֻͬͬʱʱԹĪң޻ڡ
ֻ㤣Բããƺ죬籡̺ǧޱ޼䡣ҾͲ̫ʲôˡ˵˰ΣһݣвҶͷʲԸӽ棬ɡ˲ǿȻص档ͷҰο
ôԺ¾ҡӷŻ
ǿЦ˵ʵйź׻շ磬Ƕֵסҡ
΢΢㣬ļ侹ƸŮӡ˵ˣշ磬С
ˮĳأͻȻˮһԳص׷Ѫ죬ͻȻˮУһ˴ˮͫëϡ裬ѩйӷľкظС˴ܳˮأſڵأβ۸Ѫ졣
㣿Ҵ󾪡˵ԣˣ
ֳ߾쳤³ѪĭαϢˡʹһģһ򿪣εֶαȻ£Ȼ׷ˡɿ¸ʬ̺
ʱﻹƽհƤЦͯ飬ȻǸ߸ټݣĮᣬһ˼޳
ȵȵȵȣôˣɿʲôϵ
ɿף˾ɿһ»ôһָɿ硣
ˮϷ죬Ѫء
Ǹ˲ˣҪ׷ĹʬѪϴɿôˣЩҲмƽϣܸоշĵطӦȨģȨǲɵȷ档
壿ͺؿңŲεɿ繬ˣݻ壬˭ƽǻŪ֮ŭֻɿ硣ιҲܲɿ类Ҳ֮СƲĨοǹҲǸöε˱ħѪƲϵɿ磬ε˵Ѫɿ̨һֱʵ˱̻ģͷ­ڰ߿ӣɡ˵ʬˣͷҲҲˣʬ
ס죬ǳѪˮðѪȱˡ
֪ɱε˵˭𣿡ҵͷһƤЦÿɰշĸҹ°ͣʣĸ֮ˣӵΣ죿
ؿбۣžһһƣŮбۿˣѿ
ұƵƪԼϷƱ沿ŪһһԵȻ
°ͣ˵̹ңˡ
˵ϵͳһ⡣޴
ӣʲôʾΪ᣿󲻱أ˿˲룬ȭͬǶģ
Ľ̲ĵбۣͷȥһ۲֪õʲô飬ռ΢ٹѪѪˮӵդߣ½קԭ·ء
һ죬컨Բɹۣĵôʹ
ؿҡ
ܽȴƸǧɽˮΡ˦˦ӣ޲ðԽ˦ɹɹϡԼ˵ҾǣһΣǰˡȻ°¡
ǰͷ˰죬̾һǰ;ԡ˵̣ԹûУţɱɱɱҲɱʲôôҸ˴ʦֵὣȡ˵֮һ£ƽȡ˫ִͷ߻£ƣΪԲݽ档Ц⻰˵ġ
񾭲ȷ
ڵߺִζʣ֪˵ġ۲磬Ī񡣡
½˱飬˵ߵߵһһκһׯ˶ȷԡ̫ᣬеůĿ⿴ʱ
ȥģǸǱߡ
˭ȥǸˡȥ¥
쿴˿ذסҵļƣɵ椣¥ߡ

7

ʱʱϱѽץμɦɦӼ⣬÷ǳûġսҲһٶ˥ߡҲû˼ȥշˣ˵շ磬Ҳб˳ĵ·
ǰְףǸ粨ҶҸ˽һ죬˰ˡ
ǱǱߡɸ֡Ҳȥ¥ˣһǸ󡣡һڶͷϣǱһ롭겻겻
ҵȷǽĹؼ˼عͷֵԺͷϣ֪ʲôǽһд⡣룬˼ǿڣ⣬пûУһȥҰ￾ԣ
Ƹᡣգգۣþ͸Ƶģ˺ܾˡ
áҶӣ¶ѩɱ˭ɱأȴʲôῪʼƹˤˡ
û־ԶԶŵˣͻȻһ㷢ǶϵĴųһȻĺѪͨǣһʣ
Ҹɽ￾ȫĦȭƷλʱҾиͷ㿴۵Ӥᡢơʫ黭˼䣬ǲҵ鵹ܳˣǲǿ԰ֻȻأ
ͷҵֵſɱõõżϵҵģҵģ
ۺ첻ѣ߳ŭҸ㣡ָסŰڲͣѷЩҪСڲСǼңĶҵģҵĻҵģֻͳͳҵģ
ӣĿ¶׹⣬һָص㣬ʲô
ʲôү׼˰ӴĶһֻ־ס
ʦڵصĵӣתȫɱҶ׷ױԹƮ䡣
찡ƲҽУôĿžׯݱһ뺷ƣʩչ180š󷨣ӲǽĶš˻һ䡣ˮ֮ϺӲָɽֻñ߲ҽбȰ䣺ƣͷǰƣøû˸Ȣơ
˾׳գŴӲǰϲϡʦеƣƵ˺òͣһ߶ۡ 졣ҺʹƮߣԹɫҲҽС
ǱԹ˲ϾҽлšͷӶڲ֣
һҸĵĲҽУĳӰ˵ȫԡ²һſڿȫǰʹҵĳԿ͵Ƽ乫Ӱ
̣޿̡ź״Ȼγ廨ְ߿޵һһʵļ磬οʿܸҪڰƼ乫Ӵ˵ǼᣬҾׯһ£ػʿһ㿴Сδ÷ʿʹʧ֮ˣ
޾ͷڲԣǹźƽشΪ⣬㿴˰Ҿׯʺϼܿ죬Σ֮ҷȱա
źףҺܲҵĸ㣬ѵʦ洫ʹ
źҡòȣȵС벻ۣ벻۰ң䰡죬㿴㣬˵Ⱥðѧȴȥѧųׯʷ֮оʹա
֮յӣŲ㣿˵ֲҽһʦڸвݺӡ
ҲҽУźףЫĳαͽԩ޳ʲôң
ź׳̾һ߲ī⻰û˵
ֻ˵ģӴһۣұؿҼɫѳֻ࣬غ֡
߻ڵϿ֣Ȼ˵ִɸһŰ󣬷ңϢ
һֱڳŭ״̬ʱܱߵһֻ䣬ǷǷתߡڶ仹˼Žż⹣ŲжȥһһףᣬҵĿȫүĸи븹Թ
˺ܳһʱ䣬Ǹֵ˵֪ǸȻ˱Ѵ׵ŹȥвĽɳذнύȺ𼤷ߣȵշҵԺħƽߡǣҹǿ⣬۰ͰͿұͬɨسţĲ̣һԶͶ˸Ӹң¶أ˯¶дӣȻӡ
ұűӲһޣȴµСһСҹָߡ
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СңɭЦݡ ָڰƣƳһ΢磬Ȧϣ˵𡣡ҽŲմرǹ΢ƮߡСףǡ
ʦŽżſʹҡ˿漫ҸˣһʱԳ֣¡ͷ½ϸСƮʶȥгѪأ㱻ݿˡͬ飿ڰڡ
ҴǸˣǸĹǧǧǵҰ
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8

˵ˣҸɴڵϣһۣȴɫ׹жҡο˵زأ־պޣɻ룬ȴ׷ȥˡ˵زأ
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Ǹܺôշʡеʱ룬ûһ磬Ի޾𣬲Ϊ˭еĪΡЦЦɽׯǺܿЦġֻıһԸĹ
˵ļ̱ҲǷ켫ˣҵͷΪȻǣۺãҲȲҵֽ̯סһƬ¹⣬Ǽҽ֣ʯͷиȽ֣еþӵĸ֡ʽͥԺǹƾҼһˡÿĳˮĸоһ쵽û¸ɣҰʦкܶѧʱ򳳷졣ԣʱǺܺúܺõġ
շ°ͣ΢΢ۣ̽ҫôᡣԲмʲôأڻزȥˡض̷ɹȥһ۵ؽ°̧45Ƚǣ45ȣԣԭ㣬ŶûС
Ƶڿһ𻨣⻰ǡշͷһЦЦĪѾǲ㶺ˣڸʣֺɶЦָžžĽŲݿ١շʣͷˣӦѾȦס
˫ĵиңƺݵĳֵñܶԶ֮ĿռˡһСշšüһϵ¥ҲƣʡҲôŰɡһźڵϹҴܣƺڰﱩĻӡ߷죬շȻˡ˻ץˣƣ
ȵ°ӰˣһֻͷСǰĽŽлӤֱĴĸʽ΢Цôʶˣշŵţֻħߴ˴գͼϻҿġһꡯ
һֳһ־ڡʦ氮ЦͱС˵Цˡղ̸еúúõģð˵ʦõأ⣬ϵĵ̡
ġշֱߵĶţҷ¥ɲԸá
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߽Ĵһ˾Ҫ޵ÿ̹ģʾҪʦѸϵĵһΡշ˦𣬡ңȻǸϳˣҾͿΪˡҷ¥ҪĹأС콲Ĺء
ǱС׼سһٿȫģװ鼮ЦݿӦСʦС
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ķ磬ᵴ˵ķ¼䣬ҲʲôԱˤ£л㱳ͷͷ棺˯֮Ȼ¡ֻл㱵ؿ߽ߣѾܾûˣ˵ǣ§סޣֱ֪ô˯Ūë
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ţׯɽֹĴʦʱҲ֪ˡڵһͻ˷¥һֻ˵Ϊģǣһ׼һǧ˰ֵļ֡δѡ
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ЩǳģׯôĿϿյħҿ죬ͻǰ顣СӹززŸˮɣһûһ˵Żûָǽж
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9

˵ᵽ¥ȥˣΪʲô̽ԵԵ֡̽ӼȻ߲һ˵һתʽء
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ʯƿţɳԵĶû𣿺ôҲǸšҰɣ֪ûУһҲڡֹŷ䵹
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ҲǺöЩʲôˣҾׯ鷳
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һϮ£ķ֬Ҿʤ췱һЦϹֻ緶ԶǵǸǧģԱ⡣Ҿ;ĵ֡֡շǵͷЦշһƴĸɽֹǡ
ðȻãϣδɹׯ鷳ϹֻӦءԭׯŰݺعλſڵٻߣɢׯΪС½黳Ҳؾ񡣡
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10

ֲܻأһܣڶǿܡмɻͷǰݸ鲻ǲⲻֽŵһѪûʷͷǵ˶ʯͨĽϵٵļһﻹǶʧţïܹɽִס˫ĸǶǵŻǿҧܡ
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һҽСôôôеôңŵˮ׼ˡ죬޷ǿޣϲϲϲ֯ҭźеĲӡҵʲô£⻰ǲ˵
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һ仰Ŀ䣬﷢͵͵ùӷм䣬Ȼû֡أһѶӡ
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˰죬˦˦ͷҪҶЩСˣ㶮ˡڣȥң
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СŮӲ˼ƺһֱҴһ˼Ҿǲֹ˲ǣǡȥǣ
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11

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ŶվҲ˳ϵ֣ϸһ˿Цݡ
ǧҪ⣿ͨĹŴسǣر
ǧ࣬Ҳ⵽ǲǧӺòãȻ󣬡ʣʣӰ񻻨ӰСƣ˼ƣңһ𼸴
λɧ˭Ǵ롣
찡û־ڴֵ˴Դʱεʡһֱ׷طӵǸطκεط㶼һ˶뽫Ͼɱϵÿһ졣һ죬ͻȻиǣ֣㵱ħ㵽һĸ߶ȣȼ硣֪ԼԭԱ˸Сûͷȥ᲻ǳǸ˶һĿͬ
żȥĶͷоôǻȥҽɣ
οҵ֣һɧҡͷԳǰߡ˺ܲס׷ǰˣǿȥȥȰɣ
ˣЪһЪôֱ׳
ҪлҲȰҵٸлͷ˾ׯθ㲹Ѫô
˵˵
ӷ𡣶ûκεظȥһֱҿǰʵİºն֮⣬ׯϱäҲ֪֮зǫĤݡ
ңȳ˷ʢΪӣɫ˵ȣû˿ԶΪáһռǻҹȻع鱦һֱûкʵȥγͷͿʼ彫ʲôģҲŻŸԼѡʵѪ̳ߡÿ˶Ϊδ࣬һеͿһԸ׷ϸ
Ц䣬ʧѪ׵ûһֳζڽֱߣȣһΡ
ҷ·𿴵ǹһ˲䶼ͫ۳ӿȴǹƽͰȻĹ塣кһըĻһ鶯֪ΪʲôƲֱֱֱֱۣģֻ֪
ʲô㵵زιιְҪҸϲǻʮ˲ټ޼֮
һĻȫ̫ƽˡ˦Ѿ֣ذ·˼£겻̧°ͣŰղŵĲ㣬ԺϲѽѽҲϲġԣֻϲʦָ˫ģһ벻ۡ˵ϱƤ֪ܣת㿪ˡ
׷ʦִʦ֣ȥɡԿ϶ģϲ˭˭ùϲǸһЦ
ͷ̶˰ɡһ쵽ǲǣбҹĿ֣Ҫ˴·תͷɣ
ףһ˲Ϊ˻һȺСӣǰͷǸܱ߻ͷۿҪײȻ˵һ§СƺҲŵˣľͷ㽩ӲԭءߵĺȺƬ̣
֣֣
еĺϺҵ֣ȥǰҿ˿ͻȻ׷ȥҲԣҲȾ׷ȽҲݷ߱ڵṦҾûˡ
ҸƵģɣŮͬ跢ҰСһʶԶԶ󲿶Ӵִ߽ܵұ߽֣ٴұִ߽߽֣ܵȻڼɹڹһֱ̱εΪ׳
ޱŵվǣӲϾ߾СӡǸǺǻɾ˶
òƣ۳ǳСӱķģ·ߺסһλȴԼײҿ⺢ӣ⺢̫̫εץͬģǽַǽء
ããͬ棺ץС

12

ӴҪ˵ץȡץúáץε㡭
ʲôʲôǺһŤұ״ȥ壬һηڵԱţһʱ֮ȷҲתԾȻŵֵѡѵúܡ
ҡҡڰһһˮƵģһʱ̽ⲻüԱӵһЩˣҰǳСӰڵϡҸɿغ𣬡ʣ˭ҶңҰ˭Ƥ
˲֪ʱΧΪΧŹ֮Ҫжݣҿˣο˴ԡǸʲô
ԳĩᣡͶϻЩ佫ץøң
һ180߶ǡ
С̧˰ߵ˿ڴѪĭŮ˷ſң
ҡСǷᡣιҶ
߹ִǺϵˣʹü⡣
ڸ˵ſң˭Ҫʵģſң
һָϢ֪޾͸ҵϡ޷޷һȷ㣬ιֲܿ
ֱ˼ϲϲŭ˵ǸĪ⡣ʱ򣬸оշһƴѶ
ҿŻŤŤȥˣý˸ɽ󡣡СܵܣԣҪ
ҪŹ֣Ҫʲô̧ͷ
СӾҪ֮Իᣬѧ򲻵ѲáǸûҴȥ档
в
ỳỳᡣȥȥɣǺ«ԡðɺðɣ
ӦӦǱҸ춯ص۷ҳȴϱġ;εѾܲʱѹ˺޼˳ؽš
ڵľһֱͻȻںΪֹ
Сҡ
һͷͻȻȥ
ְſУҽȥ
ˣСֻǻȥɡصҵĶľŰӴ
һǱڣֽ˭ġͷĵض˵ǻȥɣ
ֲ֪ڸ˭ңֵСܰγȣûǾͻزȥ
£˵̹СЬǰ˳˳״ͷƲ̧С̵Ĳ֪ʲô̫ЦСӣūȥɣкöһӳԺȲֻҪõǶ΢һӡ
˵ףҡСܾ
ҲѽԷ
СƬ̣ƽסõС׿ϣж˦ҵ֣ǶҰЩ˶ɱô
ӷȣ֪ΪʲôҷһҵĿ̱ԵSOSðɣԾȡ˫ֺʲ׼Ȱĳ˷سɷ
ʲôǮȨһӦõŵ¡㽫ҪɴµģЩСƽʲô
ʲô£п밡ʵô໰ôȥ䣿
ššҽ֭ô˵ţޣռǰбŷػ򣬡γռǣʵ۶ûͨǰ⻹Ǵεģ㻹ܿδ룬δֱˣţ̫ˣһһִȦȦȽΪݽ飬Ϊɺɡ
£ߡΪɽ˲ų
̫ˣ˸VСӿ첽һ·β˳УܻȾ־ǰ̷ʹ˱ȽҲûӵ£С۵Ĺ£
³յ̨ϣŮԶ԰ݣޡҿҪҪҲȰݰݣȻ˭ҪЩ֮ࡣ˼ţֱҾߣĿұ߲亹ͽǸĲ˼ССֱȽϺ氡
ͨ尵ɫǷȱебһϻڣҺܻǴ˵ΰķȡ

£СǱȽ̹һ㡣ԣҾͲҪˡ¾ϹǫҧС䣬ǲǣγ˵˼˼侲侲һͺá
ȥȣ˴˼ߣſ˫۵м䣬Уΰ
ұ˴ѹŬ֮̽ͷ¾س棬һ˫Ьǰ
ҰγˣȻأаؿͷŽűߵҡ
ҺܻׯûôѹҲûôϲСPȻƨ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼ͸ҡһˮԽյšְڻζıѩ֮⡣Ǹʲôʱû˿һֱվȺ֮ǰ۲һֱվͷѩĿׯʥ
Сƽӣʲô

ţֻҲǲз跢ҰС֣
ЦЦԺռǺžͽв졣
ţȥǾׯĹȥ
˵߰ɡ
תңȵݹŵ㡣껹ҡ
ߵ࣬ӦǸλãôгȻ˵۲ůܣ߸Ĥݡ֣Ⱦ쳾Ҳͬȥ
ұֻ֣ܿϵĻҳýҴʵۻ˵ʵҸĵأͼңޣ±߻һֻǻȥ
ȥ˹ŹһЦΪĹ鴦γĹ鴦أˣԻټͷСϸСִһֻĿ廪ʣݣհǷ֮⡣ǹԽԽԽԽֱС

ʹʹʹʹʹ
ÿһ𣬴ҲҪ
ʹһɨĻŭŵֱҡ汻쿴쿴ǻˣ
ĶĶĶԽع顣ããɳصĳҺִۣ޻
ҴС㡭
ʲôʲôʵص
һѾסĳ°ڣ̬µǸһЦ˭ۣ£ôǸ˼Ƶңȼ˭ۣ
˼׳ʿ㱯׳ͨأҵʹޣӣʱ̶֪ԭ¸˲ʶ˲һɰ
ƤǷģǲǣ
ʻʡתǣӽϲвУôϲôϲϲҰɣ˵ʵϲɣ
ϲҪʮ˲ġ
ûϵºˣϲ¡
ҰǱӷ¥͵Ĳһôг׼һΰɡ

13

ֱʮ˲
Ųӣֻǿһ£㲻æҷǡͻȻָɣٻܹҪġŲɨɨϸɳǸˡ
˿ڻδ̣Ӱȥӡ˵ġ
㿪ҵ֣ۣ˵ġ
Ҹɺ˵ģ˭Ҫ˵ģ죡ٸ˵һԣ󼪴󼪴
˵桭죬ġǸ鷳СŸŸۣû㡣
˭ҽСʱֹ
ɳϻ˸ȦȦһߣͬ٣ЩʱǻǻһһߣһϣһȦһͷ󡣿ɼͻȻߵǰ棬ͻȥ㡣ڡȥҶԣڡǺңԶġԺ󡯣ҪȥֻҪԽʱ䡭һͷ˦֣ЩôҲǲͨţ١
⣬ѵǶʮһͿƻʱ⴩Խ۵ĹŴðλڹŴʿزйװԽЯĿѧݡBT磬һôѧ˳˵쳣ߴ
ʵңǲҲǴԽģֽ׶ǻߡ
룡ͷһץصҶͷԵǷǣ㵷ڣȥδȥȥôôܣôܸһ쵽˹ʱϼҲزȥ
˵Ĵˣϳȥ񡣡
ŲӣһֳĴ۹˵ȻҲԩķǡ
û裬Ҳû³һѪлȥҲ٣ڴ֮ǰҪֻƵ˩һһѳһӡðɣҾϸ汳ġҧس100ףҲͳ˰ɡˣ³ѪûҧǾݺɱա
ҽУбŷǻ۵ĵ⡣ݣټһ£һ¾ͺãҪ¡ǻصҷ֮ǰ
㴺ȥɡٺҲûáʱԷ
вã㴹ͷͷǰקģѵãʽˣ䱰΢ڽ̤ʵءռ߹ȴ׶۸ʱͷͶȡɣ³ҵԳҪҴӲδȥһжģϧǰûʸ˵δ԰ɣ
ϸ룬ҲǴԽģֻ˶ѡ̵ؼͷյ̹˰ɣҲ߱ˡ
ס˿Թؿңͷͻͻ죬ңǣҪ㣬ȣ
Ҫô˵һѹաϵķɳԽԽˣʲôɽׯϷһ
ķһۣϣס
㿴ҿ㣬ȥһһҽСׯ꣬Ļ¡ɫѽľ겢δ£ׯﰲ˯һʹ࣬һδƽһҪƵ˸ˡ
˻죬׮͵ǵġ¼ˡ㲻Իˮ㣬ȫء˷ͳһź飬Ҹ㿴ĹҲ˸ȴ֮
Թ¡С һźģҹҪ壬׹ڵϣɳߵضһʵ״أһŶ֫չϥ
ôе˰ɡҺɡ
ƾĽôصĳԲ˳ˣͺʵֻصϣǻþǼֱһ汾غڰֵаţվڸǰصҵŵ쭡ô£ô־ͽôصĹأ̫ԲҼô͵̬ˡ
׵õ壬ѵˡ°ֻ
Ĩû˵׹Ǻӣѹǽû꣬·ɡ
ܰܵĺǣĻġûҷԼһӣޡ˵Щû־ĻˣҪ
ȵþĦȭƣԾԾԡ˸ָŹ˵ɢֻ棬Χǳǳûˡϴ󷭿ӣƷֽ棬һֽȥС׭źöһֽƮ˳
ʱֵУ۾Ѱ족۹ө⣬ͬǳһ糺ֵת۽ɽȥûʲôҲûˡִزӡ
ô֪ռǲ죿
Ӵǰͷˣν֣Ǵ
Ĩ˰飬ɨɨҪֻһӰ롣
ֻȻá
ʲôˣ¶֦Ӳ޽ǹſڵء
ǰͷһ360Ⱥµأµ˵İӰƤЦ¶һ꣬ʤȴ˼Ȼδ갡ǡ
¹һôˣȴλŮװɿ㡣һʱܲô࣬ޱȡʵֻ·Ĺ
һɭɭķ˳żһȻ»ӰʼչȻ߳ˡһſȻң·һҪǡ
һѹסҲӣýҿԿðϸ۶ɪɪؿжͷˡ
°Цţ˺⣬һλ·㲻ߣƫ
ͱͱߵˣι˵ءѽ
ֱϵ⣬ϻǴЦ빬򰲡°ݡ
ĸһ󶶣Ҫ㰡ȻǸɱ̫ˡѧԺ֪䱣˧˼˵ڱʱȨཻȡᡪôաͨ׵еʱҪⱣš
ſڵϣ˳ǵ۹ȶ¶Ĳӣϳʡʧ̹׽˼һʱ嶯˭ûأĹµĻɡ
ǰӰУŮװĽùӳʸҲֻЦЦ
Ҷҧߣɱ
Ųӱ⣬磬ǸûģҾһ˼ʵû
һҪҭˡ޲ϣ
ǰɿСιѡǣ⵱ͷ۽һۣ΢ЦׯŵҲӦעŵ˲ϡ¼ԭǸ˵¥¥֮ϣ֮¥¼
ƿӣƷҳ棬̧һָݵһƽշ˳ֲƷڰգǼٵӹһ˲ֻص˲С򷽵ʣʲôûУ
ǰ׳ղŻͷͷҡø˹һ㡣ǺοعŴǣһλ߷緶֣ˡ˰աŴұ˹ȥǲķ磬̲ס˸䡣
˰ա˼ǣӡǱӰŹҶбǰ󿪿ڣм䡣Ҿ绪ï֮ģ񲻱Ϊң巢֮ĸȭΪТҪǲҲЧ֮ͽ졣ΧŹٱ㡣
죬˵촵ʲô磿ɿʲôʱɽΪһϵˡॵҵע
ǰһȻ򡣡ɽǳħ
ǰȻ򣬡ɿҪķѽ
һһϺлζζʵ˵ǣһСĹˣոȫʬںɽǴһ֣ÿһʮЩǮٸշ˵Եٸ˵һԻرţԱٸ

14

ɽһͲǳصģ˵Ļͼǹ⣬ô֮⡣
Ӱڿ˿㣬ЦʱԴһģƤȫС֪ΪΣɽЩһˣЩȻؿ˧ӢȻͻȻǫе
Ǹıơҿ϶ظ˵Ȼλķ˧
˶ŵļʽҵɽǸ˲߶Цֺȵı䡣㷲ظֻͷȥɽ˾ôĿţζûһ֣˸оϵӰӲϳ״ķ·ˮбҵĵӰ
ұҳе֣ͣ˲ӡʵңһָ󣬡ЩﶫҲУ߷ԲһѾΪΣյش
ѽΪȻӰһ鷢˸ͻ˵ϼùӰѾǸˡô
ѪУʣ޵Сᱲ֪Ŀ⿴Ȩʱĸֻе㱻š
𣿡㶣漴°ϲЦտ޵УϲǳԷȥ
ʣбȳԷҪ¡ǣ㲻Ǻܸ𣿡
ģ㲻𣿡
ԡϣ
շȥ㶨Ů˰ɣҶӶúܡ
˦֣ȥɣȥӴ
סҵıӰҾ¾Һܷ֪֪㣬ǱҪľǺ£֪ԽԽá
֪ռǡ
ɿ繬Ϲϵʲô¡
Ļشһ㲻ΣɾΪӡ֤ĻܵϿնۺɫУһ
ѻ죬ͷϷһǸƯɽŮӣӹʱšͷӢ泵ʦ֣Ѿ󷨣ϡ
ʦֱӰӲòֺܶżһУӢ˲ֱߣ˼ҲʣǸϲɽׯʲôѽ
Ӣ治ɫЦôôԼȥ

ˤɽͣ˵Ҳȥת˵죬ϸˣǲ¹Ļ
Žվɽϣִܵоͷеĳ棬ĩռͬһֻҩЧ˼Ͼͳ˾춯صĺ˵Ȼע
ܵڰããУׯɿ硢ɽڴ֮ǶšǸϴ磬ׯССʦʦ㶼ڷܵͷֻЩȵӣΪһʱᾹҲôֻܽš
˵ΨһһһȵӣǽɳţʱܷЩãׯӼȴһѩϼ˪ʦǧǧҪٽˣֻҪŲһ߿ͿԡѾȫ˱ׯҪɢصʱһҪȱ
ЦǵݲСӵš˰ѣȸҶţȥǵʦ͸ûС˸תŨС
ǸСʦתͷңСʦƺϵĲ⽦û죬ֻһҭı鿴ҡ
ҷǳѹֱ֤ҲֵġʯͷһⰲĺȲ裬ææ
Сʦӣ䰴ţȻ죬ŽվҸǰׯ
پٲѣׯ桭

Ʋ죬
СʦسҵͷͶ뵽޾ı˶ȥˡĨ˰ѺѲѸʯͷϣһ˳˲ĵط
бĤ춥ֱͨĤ˵Ĵųȥֽġԥһᣬҧҧͷ˽ȥһӶ飬ȴûĲʡ
һ·һģֻ̧ͣģи˽߱Цģеͷġʽ;ͬͯиŮʩ˷ĳǱʱͣһ˲Ҳû߶ֹˡ
룬Ǹͯʲôţޣ˯ˣ
ܵһｻ棬ŵҪĳʦӹ¹Ɑߺȱ̽зС׭֣ϸ£־Ǳϵ֡
㵱㾡˵澡ʧΪѰ¼ˣţʮգȥ˵¥ϧ޹ǵ㣬˭
Ųȴ̤ſռһ鴤ǵţ֪Ķ֪ˣշ磬׼ô
̾ϢҵˣɸոصͷһҲûд
µߣżϡĿԿΡ̫ⷭϣ޷Ƶͽһճ͵ıһȥĴʹ̾ˡԲ֪δð˾ߣץʲôһ©֮㡣
뿴ġô
շƮƮЦ⻰㡣
ľҪ޳Ϊʲôӣ㲻Ҫҡ
ҲҪô
˵ʦ֣ڲҵʱûɿ繬ɫһ㣬õ첻ڡ
תת飬һԵǴ˿ǻǲҪң
˵ֻ֧ʱҵǶˡշҲû£Ǳ˻꣬ˡ
ǵңģô˼һƮƮ壬һ߰˸ļϵ걾ûιȥѾǷۼǿۼǿǿòŮ˵Ůˡ
ززҡһߺȲɽճ
ҶûкøУһЦϹֻϣȴһģԸ˸ꡣסҵĲӣշЦôǳƺׯĴʦշ磬ǵ̫ȵ£ߣջˣ

˲ӣػӾĩջʴΪۻزʡշ磬Ǹһ¿ʼˡ°ݡɲĵɲȻ
ΧϵӰӶʼ塣շ۽޵ʹϢ
ڵأͷôܣ
𣺡룬˭䣿
һ貨ͷǸ˵շ֮ڸߣ˵֮Ტһ泯֮һ֮ڤ·ǰΪջΪڱջ裬ʱر١
ǻ٩٩̸׹̣Ϣڵת˵ӹֻ죬Ϳֻ̿һԣɿ綨׷档˶٣շǰ㻹Ҫʲô̤ƽһµ¡շϴ磬ׯݲģңֻزݵ㡣ΪĲھׯݻĻµġ֮
Ǻ޹˼ɵĴܶޡ
շ̧ͷЦȨ͸ңкαҪڷȥǣңʲôҪһ
һ°һѩ˫ģȥģͬһ¡
ôͬһ£շ粻ΪȻ
㸸˽ǧû뵽ʱϤԼĶӾһĽȥر£ǶûЧᣬʱѾ̫ˣֻװģֻȨΪƾʲôôѡ㣿֪ϲӡΪʲô֪ΪĲǴѪռǻҹĸΪ壬Ѫ100ʳѪѾȫȫѪˡ
շ۲ôվڵУһֺеĶЦ㵽˵ʲô
һϢɲǱ˿þãƮ죺̳λ͸ǡ˼˼һǾׯݲ㣬ݲ㡣ӦúףЩ³Ҫ

15

շ͸ӨһԵĴɣôƯƷˡ˸һ壬һɨ
룿Գڣû˭ǿѡܣǸʲôڵϻȦϣԲԣ
欻վ޷졣޳˵һģһ
¡շɵӹȥһ䣬ЩͷˣҾǡתͷһ࣬죬Ѽγ
ң֮ȥЩøƵģûѪǺܿ־ġҲС
շ̾ǰȥסˢһ㽫ϰ˳ָ붨黨ῡоЦʣҧء
ʹʦѵǲ˵㡭
һ˼γʱѾѪˮ̳ƵģҲͬܰˡ
շȴ˴ţ߲ϵѪ˵ʱʻΪҪɱ壬ʱ˵̫ǿвҪ̫࣬һ͹ˡӿʼڣ㣬㣬һֱڸұôӦô˭Ǹߣ˭˭䲻ͳ£˵㣬˵㣿ҾǴ˵еĿջһ͹ˣֵõվҵĸǰָʲô
ǻػ㣬ʲô
ûκ˼¶ѡ㲻Ҳû취Ϸɫ
ľ価۵ףշüëǵĸ벻׵£ǵģģ˸𰸡Ц
Ҽ΢ЦЦЦЦЦȴûӵЦģҵģشаЦݡЦݾġ
ֽ˻ħУׯ޷һľַش֮һЦһӣ־á
շͷ欣˵ĳǸңУƾЩˣ
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ѾͷĲѧƫȥѪħϵѧһЦϹҡͷʹѪҲѡ㣬ɿ繬ķ緶㸸׵꼴ʹٶ࣬ͬ߰մ׳ȻҲͦᣬҲܱԼǿȥշ磬ҡͷ
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ֵطһ˵ơǿܲ࿹ⶾҲа·ͬϵһԺ鷳ˡ
ȻڲСʱ򣬿Ϲſڱտڡسĵﲻ۵صһ
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Һ֪ڨڨش𣺡PHֵС7ɫ
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16

صĹͨ΢ĽǶͶ޵Ľ䶼Ϊĳڹ
߹ȥշ粻Զһһɫ໰ȴ֪˵Щʲôֻʫ̾ۿûһ˿˵Ҳ
ƸеĹͷôңһʱôҲûƽʱ˼۵ҿѡ
ӵϣ߽˻ƽȶȶҹȥȫЦѪոշҿɲ뱻ס
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춯ˤһˣѹСʦֻһҶȻҾ˵Ҿ˵˸ùѪã
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ָֻֽ˿ϸ΢ЦǶǵƮϣƲģݡصģġ

17

磿ǳЦЦˣ˵Ҫ⡣죬ӿɡ
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Ҿһģ

18

ͫţƬ̣ץŵļ˿ߣһᣬվӼ㣬ѿˡԵȴֲ֪öٱ
Щ˿߾壬Ӿ壬֮֫Ťι״ӿҡҡλ
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Ůһ֦ˮеӰĴ˻ꡣ죬һתδӰѴʢšػǾģ;ֹУӰԾõĺ޲ˮ档
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εҧ塣
һţܣߵһôˣ˵
Ұһ۷磬ͷܵʱѽκȻûаϬҺܴ
һ岻Ǻôȥ֪ʲô
ΪȻ
ѽߣҪȥ
һѱסԺΪԺΪ󡣡
ҺþûˣôǷ־Ҿ͸ˣſң
ѱӦˬʦϵʹ࣬˿̱κʱҪøͬܡܻټ㣬һҪĸͷ
Զ⣬ڽ˿ϵıڻ飬˿εϾ˿·ܵ˸Ӧ׷ס
өߵߵөҡҷǷ׷ɵضͷ
ɽһһŮŽ˿ߴЩ˿ͷ۵ߣԳżεȥεҽһ˿һݣεˤƽڵأһ̲ϡࡣ
ܣɽԧٿ˿µء
ɿզɴɣһһȫ˾е
Сûĵġ׹һڡһꡱͷһꡱԴ˱ʾǳǴ𣬲壬һꡱˡ
ݹȫ֣ɽԧˡһꡱһꡱ׼ֻɽԧ졭
Ҿֱ˿ڣʹ̧Ű˳ȥѾǾׯϺʮѾֻֻǾڿϷȴˡɹѺˣҺ࣬Ҳ涷塣


19

εͬľż˿߷׷Уܶܶһһǣѡ
һǿıȹµ籩ͷȭͷ϶Цô޹ϲͦģʹʹ
ɽŮǹ龫͸ززСָԶָ˿ǣεƣһƳ¡
治ززЦţҲôϲ޹
ձܿεƷ磬漫ˡ
Ǻú档
һߵɽ˧֡
ϲˣزز֮⣬ƣ
йȥշңңƮˣ᲻أȴ˼ϣͷɲһ
ҹУˣӰӰ´µģΣľ뵡ǣһ߹ȥңշܲˡ
̯ϣ׼úÿһڻŰǳ治ס
Ȼνڷж곤ֻ˿߷׷ףëȻĹιУ˫սȫ֮εɱ͸ǾʱѪȵġ
εץǵļ磬ʮָ¶ǣޣ½˱ĵ棬ĳ£Ӳʿ֮֡ǹɹδ͸ڶĺ⣬ֱֹۣعᴩƵʯϣ󱳵Ľֱֱ˼Ӳʯ֮С
һ΢ĴϢǴ̿͵Ĵ˫ִֻɿ˽ɣǽڷεããȻǿӡ
㡭Ѫס˺һھѪĭ
˽ȴҪɿᣬ޲ýǧСĨϵɢһЦѪָĻһЦɽᡣ
ЦЦţӸסݣɱɵĹ䣬Ӱ޵ǿ͵ѹɤӵ׵ʣѶ۶۵ĵһһظ˵񾭡
շһգ۽ǻһԼЩ벻ãüͷǿᡣ
ʹ˳ӣսշ磬㲻Ҫѽ
˵շ⡣
ʦʲôǿ޵ôңͬϵһҲ̫ܰɣ٬ȴþˣյ۲УƵĹ⡣
Щʲô޳ӣշ͡
Ƿȱ
ޣշ繴ǣЦžס
һЦͬЦðٻʢʦҲ̫ģ޳
ҳշƮȥһۣҲƮһۡҮֻƮһۣշһתǴȴô֪ûУ
ұշ۲ߵڵϷڣǲǾǴ˵еġˣ
ҽüȥ
Ҫ꣬Ҫˡ뿪㡣
Ҹǰ۾Ĺ⵭ˣһϸϸޣ죬ׯǲġ
ҲҪޡ
ˣôһҪأ
ǮҰɷָ
Խʯڣ˵ְŪˣһҪء
¡ʲôʲôԭеģֻµֹɣƥִ
ε׵ԭʹ಻ϣضŤЦ⣬͵͵ЦƮ˶סˣε⣬ЦԽԽ
˵ұݻ֪֪ȴǸ߸ϣռǻҹַ֮ųֻҲ벻ҾұͶռҵİ׺԰ӣµá
ε˵Űһգʯϡ
ߣռһְܳʱ䶼ɻϰŵģžˣоûԵͬˡռϲĽҹֻռҸ淢ŵ±״ƽɽ֣ҲµҪռǵҲҪˣ˱ûѪûĻԼիЦǸʱ
εѪɹˣˣʵ˳ֻ׹;еԹżùĹ
ҹΪʲôҪ˽
εշ磬һ˿ãҲ֪ʱףִΪĺӰɣܸк˵ЩֵĻεųЦԭΪȨɿ̧ͷͦӣϵǲ塣һĸ׵İ˰Ҫڻҹֻ±ϻ硣
շ޷̵ȻĻ䵭úҹ޹ء
ֱۣ˵ʣҪҵ
ε촽΢΢䶯ڣ欲ڷƵǲĵת⣬ǹϣת
֣ӵΥ־ǿѾſ֣
֣ݷ
ʮһˣշѡƣֻЦĪ⣬Ҳֻǲ֪Ϊǵ̫Թ˲ڡ
ûȥȻǴģǿٶ࣬ؼʱҲеӵΣմڰ
ȥ˿ǰͻأľϲǡ
㣬ǲɡ㶣ȥֻ֣̫ǰҵƲ̧ͷĿܣñ𿿽ҡ
ЦЦ㵣Լͺáָ˳ҵĻ󲿣ָ°׼ţҶ˽Ҳȥ
ȻĿֲŨʱڶͷµ꣬ȫ仰͸ŵľϲתǲǣǫװ㣬΢ЦӴɭɭɱ⣬Ϊʲôǰһֱûз
ׯĵϵ˭˵㰡ôఢèߴߴ᣿תŲ绢
Ŀ
װһקҵǰЦʮ־ϲ⡣㻹߰ɽׯʱ˵û˵ʲôǶʮ졣
ˡˣˣȫˡǶתתԼ磬ȴ֪˫۶ϤĻԹţɲ˴
շȻҲ̫ȷţǣޣޣ
ըĵһʹǸŮˣôŮ˴򣡣ǸţӸ죬״ʡˣѷſȻȻһʹģӶûôš
ׯʲôշ絲סâ¶
ѾǷ̫ˣ֪𣿺ȫˣ˻վǱߡ㵱治Ըȥ
ȥʲôѵøڱ̬շ߳һЦ
һֱǺ׵ģ׵㡣ʾڣСѾͷΪһЦΪʲôðתʱմǰȫǷ
ţţ
ʮ֪ջ㡭һҹ׷޼ʮҹ࣬Ȼ㳤޷ѹƣӹЦֻƸ֣㽥µЩ꣬һЦѰʮʿʮ꣬ǧòҵΨһԿ޳ˡ
˺ҵӣ¶ϰаӡ֮ˮղѣ׮׮ϸ룬ΪһУûˣȫӦ顣Ƿ̫ӣأׯ㻹ܴã
޲ƣΪãŵ£뿪ׯӻغǰɣڻü
ѽѽʵǶĻ㲻ΪһЦϹƽðշͷǷЦȽ˼𣿡
û˼ȥܴ
շ̿ϵ֣ǾľǰʦµԼɻǵã֮һӦɽׯѾϣ¥з쵲ȥ·ǿȷбˡʱ͸оƸ㾫ɵľ֣ٲģո׼ֲʵʱ򣬲ٲ硣

20

һЦϹֿңֿշ磬Ǹ˻ǲˣ
Ҷշ磬ﴧӣűšʲôûУʲôûС̫Զģģͬʱղͬͬ£ʲôڽ˽ȥڳǶûҵĹȥҲ֪ôȥ˽ᣬֻ¶ۡ
֣ðɣһ֣ȻִôΪ
治ˣ̵ӻؼֵȥ
ĵѹ۾ȴɵҪð˼ߣܻ𣡣ĳЩصĵߣصĵߣûҵ㣬һ˵ҺܸˣܸˣʹǸ֣ʶ㣬һǺܸˡ
޴ҶϵģǶġ
Ŷ࣬һҶࡣ
Ů鳤˰ɡ欵ָɼƿХڰл
ЩǳˣȴǳաīҹնʱӣƲ˾ȻģƲ¶϶¹һһ춥©¡
¹úеϣϵʱ򣬼͸ķεĽǽ䡣Ŀ٣ļ˳Ŀָͷˡ
ûʱȥҵĸˡ
Ƕᵽ㣬ХǷ޻޻ؽǣ벽㸸׺󳾣
绳ɻ߰ߣֻû뵽ͷǣҵֲǹܣ˳Ĩ£ֳ˫һԪһȡޱۣҺߣ
ңѾаˣ䴵ָڣһ֮סޣǰйҪң֧׾־ɣŲһݣ֮ľ롣
ʧԼ㣬صĲݴԣͷսӭͷһҰ𣺡Ӵιѽ
ǱشһĨס죬ٲסͷ
ˣңж󣿡
ǱѾϣǽһҸǰ˭ôйӦ㣬ѽҪѧԼԼ
Һ֮ת
½۶ۣһһ˦ţҲ֪ΪʲôշЩҵܲˣҵʱֱһƻҲǲǻˣҪҲ
ûζҲ˸ġ
Һ޲ˣ˵Ķģֻܿշ磬Щʱʱ̿Ϊ⣬ôһ
Ҽ𽣿һöʸң޲ˣҸ㣬Ҵûӻúúõģ
㣿߬ȭͷɿ˵ǣ㲻ǣ֪ζ
µĹͶ̨ĹƵϣյһ̨ܹ߳ǣ꿪ʼܼ
˵¹߰ȥǾٽʸ
˵Ҳ֪ҼΧȴ˴һСģ󾪻ףֻǱɽززӢ泵Ľ˿߲ס˰ԽֱҺ󱳣һؽ˿׷˿档
˿ɺô
ززӢһһЮסǣǼɫǸʲô
ززЦݿ䣺⻰㣬λȥ
ֲǹܣ
ˣͶɽôѱˣѷ콻ң
廰˭˭Ҳ
˵;ززЦЦһۣ촽˶ƺ˵˸ʣʲôأɲ㣿
ǳ̱۶𣬾佣۵˿һһ׶ϡָ磬ͬ˵ɽܼס֮ͨҲֻΪżҪͣ
޿̣۾֪˵ϻвУ
ǾȻ񣬡ʲôʱˣ
䱿ʱ򣡡ץػ˿˵˵ͣ½
ЩȴǼռ黬Ҫһ¹ϣҴ󾪣۽Ƴʸȳէ㵾Хȴдһһ򾡣˳˦ͷ׷׶ززǷȥ
ȥ֮У䵭һ⡣װ֮ǰһ˵ĸҼշСĸξͿʼڡ꿪ֱǾׯŷҶ
շ£ҵִ¹ĳ
Ҹļܣӭʸ½ǹȥĹӵıӰҺܽܽҺԶԶһӰԶԶ
欵ĳͻȻǰЮɱӭԴ̣շ㣬ڳϷʹڿն欲δƣֱȡǵλãշնתΣҳȥ÷죡Լ˫欺󷽿϶ơ
ǱӭͻϮѹƣöֺȫ³ױ¶ڹ£أɲסӣתΣ׷շ档һЦ£վֻԼδ䣬ֱ죬Ʋ㷭ڵӲ˾޴һӣ¹
ֻȻĿǰһƬããţߴХԻӽ۾¹Ƶʧäô䣬Ҫ䵽أֻԽԽƿޱ߼Ϯȫ
ʲôҲȴֿü࣬ٵĴﱼڹȥü࣬ȴźԶԶľ룬ԶҪþܲ׽
ѾͷƬӣ㲻Ҫɣιžҵ˵ѽˤɵˣһͣһͣ졫ɵˡ
Ҷ˶ķЩããȻ¹ƺƵѹҹɫ֮ϣ׵ѩ
һңˣҾ԰ȫ֪ոôӼͷ𣬰ѽǿǧһ
ҰοͷԶշ欲ֲټ΢Сʧ㶼һͿأˣշ绹ǴǣҼǣֶ״룬ã˨һٲңٲ㡣顣
죡סҵ͸𾪶ͫҿԼ۾ѪȻǱǿףǣҲȵʲô
سȥ׹¹⽫еӰɳĳһҵӰҲУһǱߣǶʸ֮У춥ؿڴļβĿǳŹֻƣڼӲرȴɳУȥһһģ֮㣬̷ǵʹôʹӰҲ˺ѿˣһƬһƬѳƬ
˱Щ¹µˣ򶷵ģܼģܵģô֡صߵ۾ʢȴôŨңվظû¶ǰһоա
ƮĵЩҲˣͻȻȻһƮߵĵطȥߵԶĵطȥȴײıڡֻõͷѪưܵĲޡ
ҡҡңָףҡͷ˿״ҷɣͻȻˣƬֶ̣µһѿ˵ӣһȨƿն
̬ׯأŻ£̵жǦ򷽣
俪أǧʸ˲䣬һһľƱ綬ȥ︴աķ磬һ˵Ӿˣˮϴ͸
ЩȫȻ˺εȾ棬ֻܵͷѰҵӰӣϵӰѾò飬ȥ£ţõһصĶӣ££ܹһȴˮ££
̧ͷʱֳշӰͶϣڵշ磬֪ҪǷ죬㻹ˣӰӶˡ

21

ε˵֮ӰȻˣӰӰ欶һЦϹ־
ڰкƣɸ̾ޣһ˵Լ־ùŹŹֹ֡ôЩ꣬㵽ҵıȻӰӡ
һЦϹüշ磬еʧʲôУûһĶϷӣֺαǿھׯеĶֶȥش֮ǻλˣˣ㵽֪֪ԼҪʲô
շұֱֱȥۻƸҡ
ЦϾҪʬǶɢˣۻҲûáʬһɢͻعԪѰŻعۼĺǶܰڳ㲻ҳѹ£
ִ֮ħ
ڰ˻ΣҪɢģĵе£Ҳֻһͷ
ۻƸңշ˵һ飬ƽúһӹ˺ıˮ
޿ϣ޹صض˵ʵĿǰҵǲɱŮӣģ첻µز¡շ磬˵ԭľŻ㻹ûɡͻףΪʲô᲻ƴҪѰһܿˡ
һƬֻ޵ҲǷǵ취㣬ͰĻ
欵˿Ϣµǣշͬϵһ㣬ô
ȫʹĿڣʹˡ
⣬صǰǸˣ˿پͽ˰ɣ
ʹ಻صͷ޻ͷ欣˵ò֮ˡ
һЦϹһѾס欣Ϊֻǧס㣡ǻңҾ㡣
欶Դ˱ʾɣнԣǶɢˣʬ漴ɢþۻˡ
ûɢҰ죬ܻһʱ䡣շ˵
ѶһյƵҶŴǰգĻĻת볤оѪ۵ϣ־㤵Ŀֲʧа̲סԹ
ǰףһЦϹس鴤£欣ǧǲ˵һ¶ۻƾʧջ
һƳһ⣬ׯڽӽ˽ﴦߵľȳһеطҪҪ硣Ҳȥһ߹Ͷϣڤڤůǿ͸ܻҡ
ҿԼ·ǰ׵ߵӣȾһ޵ķң׹䡢㣬紵죬ѪĭƵĽͷӵǸƤңշ籧ţĵսˣûðһ䵽ϣľͻ۷ۣ˸˸أ˸˸شɳˡ
ҵȥշ磬Ưѽûɫˣϧôţ΢΢̧Įسʧ壬Ҳɢ١

ڿޡ
ҷתڿޣַתûĵģ㻹ޣ
͵̧ӣǰ˻Ȼδؿţ̧۶ȣɽҰĿ޿͡͸ĵĿ޵ķҡ
Ҽֱ߱£Ǳ¿ȥɴˣݱĻ䣬̡ʱʲô߬ţ̲ѹҲſˡ˰ûӽ˽ʣʳһ̲ˮ㯡
ƮĵĻƼһС·ӵĳźڰ졣ŹֵϤ˹ȥӭͷһ¥¥ͷһ磬ֱε˲ȥ
ˮﴵˮϸϸһһˡ
һĺӺبǰ
˼žǱĿȻ硣
ƬڶɿڣжȻѩȫɸƲȴġ룬ٲˡ
ϵ˱Ŷɿڣʱعƽʱడ
ҿ÷ǸСˡĵֲȷʣô
̧ۿңϸСۣտտ֪
ѹҹȻˡ
壬Űߣɡ
ҽŲڴϣ˻ȥɻ۵Ķִ
ôôֿˣȥ̨ôأ
Ҵ޲ֶֹܿһᣬʽʸɣޡ
ͷΧתתʮɻ󣬡ֱûûˣٻ̨˰ɡҪˣֺϲֺοأƵģһ̨̰Ǳ߲ŹΪȴ塣ԹȥҾҪعȥְˡ
ӳિ㡭ôôˣ
ףͷŹ֮ü
ǰʱ㻹Ǹšϣŵˮûɵ˵
ȹ£ҵ˴ְѾ⸱״ˡ
ûûС˧һˣҼǵγġΪԺʽģ˭뵽ˣ˧Ҳҿˡ
˼ˣûˡǼǲˡͷ׼濪ҡ弫ˣ˼졣
ҪǲҲֲҼǲ̬Ӳ̫ʹӣϧ׷ˣȻ֤뵽һģſڴϺ
ͷҿ޵ûȥɣ̨ٿɡ
̨ǰȺޡ̨ӯ
̨һףڤɭɽʢٵȵ峿
Ǹɲǡ
۷۷ǹѪˣһȺ۾ɢɢŷ׷ɵ赸赸нù⡣
ʱѾľģƵġ
ɢˣˮһˣȴݼڳ¶УǲĴһ׹̧üġüıһѪƵĻ⻪ŻӿѹסǱߵ֮⡣
ڹУƼٵһӰӣĹ⻪üĻȻû
һЦؿʱԭҡ
շ绳ѾˣֻЩл͵ͷò̧һ˿Ц顣Ǳһ棬ѪĹߣס
˷ǧΪ쳣
ƿָ
űһЩ֣˼ţŭɵָǰҪǳʲôٳһǾͲ̨ˣһ˶Ҫ߸ǻϣؼȫԲǻϲˣ
ҵͷǣǣӣС˵Ŀģɵĺ⣬ô˵ҺܿʮˣҵҵϾˣҾתˣ
˻ʣôΪ֪
㲻֪ͻɢޡһȫӣͷĵطɲݸ׻ǲڡֻһǣȴܳȪ·ֱ󡣡
ұⷬάģЩ˵ҸǻյĹҪʧӣͷ˸ƣһ㱵ľеоҾûоˣȻعѾߡ
ԵٻףջˣϷҪôû˼ǵһǣ


22

ҾҺҲѱڣҸȥȥʲôǺûĿ갡
ˣҲˣϴȥɡ
ͷ֣ŴǣգգգգۡҪһ·ᶼ޸ˣһ㡣
Ҳȥȥ̨ˣٿôҺˡ
ٻҪߵġˣٿҲȻ˹;㻹ǳǰ߰ɡ
سǱߣ᲻á
ͷźӣԵˣҲûжԵݵġ
Ҵ󾪸󱯣ٸףƨԵķݡ
Ӵͷۼץٲýշ꣬ǸôҲֵ
ͷ·һֻͷɢŮ廰ǸӣȻϵЩÿܸһ˴ҽ˶Ը⡣
ԺЩ˼ڤò绨ŻݣµһˣûǵԶ/
ղ׹ǡͷΨ壬͸󿴱ʡ
ȥȥҴתͷٿ̨
ѴŹׯǧ飬ֽҲֻܳΪڲ̺֮ϣѹ쵵ˣһַ̧һʯ쾪ڹƣ
ͷŮ˫˫̾˫
ڤ˷˲ȺȻڵͷ˫֮˺šǷйȪϳ죬תǬա
ŵùǺİͣ˫
涶һشعХŴͷɹɹȥһ󲨶̨ݣ˷Ĵܳ棬ֽŲԱߵĸߵϣǸߵزűԱߵʯֳ̧֧ȥܵ棬ͫδУѾסͷ౺౽ϵǱ߱Ƚι̵ĵϡ
̧ͷĿ֮꼰ȫңɽҰ޹еģһֲƬⱲûô˵Ļ棬ɭɭ׹ǣƵ棬ʮ˵ɫȣԭˡ
ͷҵһסҵ񣬡
һˣôô
ͷĨѶĺոһǲˡͷ¿ţдҽ
ŰǻðһȺȺ˻ŵĹȣ߳ͷķڰһеĺĻˣЩĳĿɲĵһ·Цƿնȥ
ƿĳͶİ׵Ĺ⻪ȴڶеһжµĵֿʼҷԱסʯͷӦ˰ģֻϵüסҵĽš
ңץס
ǾͲҪץͷ˻
㻹ץҸָʯϻʮָۣڻץ˸աֻѸٵıһ޴ĶѨУǸѨͨ
˼䡣ͷƮƮ˵
ΧҰǰ죬ɭɭģΧЩĶʬ壬ԶЩׯᣬԶԶĴĹ
˼䰡ͷƮƮĸиţмûˡ˼䰡ҵϸüοϲһػ˼䰡
Ҳϲôֵܻעȫӿо˵Ƿǳ档ң䲻˼ĸо˺Լʹʹ쳣һʱῪ˿ڡ
Ǹڤӡ˭ͷҡһֱ׽ҡתҡ
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ģôôأȻ޲ҧԼͷһǲʣ㵽˭


23

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Ҿɲǵ£ǰ㲻Ըߣ·˲Ű쳾쳾㲻ţֻ·ˡڸңأ
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ʦƳһֹۣڸ˭˵
ǻңûˣ㶣һԵתʦ㣬֣Ҹղźڸ˵š
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ҼǸɱģйձôת˼ȦΣصǧߡǧ潫ұһֻèɲܰڳȻģ
ߴߴؿŹɽȥˣġ
˰䲻ͬһͬ㣬ڼ⣬оƽϳʻȻɣٿңű˲籩
̫ˡſǧ


24

ǧ۾޸ߣÿҶҪ۰ͰͿ̧̧ţ̨һ߸СȻԵϢ졣һƮƮѧۣٴɴ޸㿴
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ǧЦ𣬡㳤ЩСӶˣ⺢ʵ˸жòвеġŲ㡣

25

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ҹŨɳƣĹһȦֻɽ·ǰչȥ۽綸ȻܹſˣܿԶ»俪Уһһֵؾ졣ԶɽߵϷһѵϿ
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26

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ȻԲ򡣡շ粻ΪȻ㲻Ǵ㲻򣬾ҵȵ𡣡
۹򵹣̧ЦǵȲ𡣡
շŹߵֵܣ˵⼸ڷܵ겻Ȼˡǵ̫ãٸҼƽһֳϣ
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ϲָۣסӶͷ飬˸̫ӵϣʲôɲ̸
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շһֹⲻĶǰ˵ģ˵棬һһֵ㣬ͷ­˵ЦЦ̹Ȼ˵Ѱ顣
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ҲҪ㻹ˡ죬ҵռǵʱ಻ǧ˵һðⱲƺˣһ͵ĸһĽ١ʱϵıаӡҾĥҪôҵĽٲźãϲҾ᲻ɱˣΪҪʵ̫ˣҾƫƫˡȥңȳǣСʱЦôõԭӵġҺܸ͸ˡ
䣬νڰĳӿè˿߲죬һˮݵҡקĹûз鸡š
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ңҪʵҺܸ˿ôңɾͷǷҪġ죬õŪ̫ˡ
 

27

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