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طؼǵãÿμﶼʱ 
ûɡڸҵ߽ůڡ̴ƵĴʱһͨʪܵع޳ϣһͷڳҲϵˮ಼һҵм縻԰׵ϣ¶ҵոԡȻ̬ƽģмְڼʵĺľУŴһԲصȴط֡ҴİԺľΪϴ忴ȥׯضѹȸУȻֻҪﾲ棬еĳϴׯض·𲻴ˣ֮Ʈռţŵ·ʱУʹʧܻطิӵ 

طһֱԼʵǷǳףе֮ӣżĵĸףνµһׯׯıֳЭ׵ڵŰɣִë̸Ц޵̺ࡣټϱһ˲š侲书׿ֱǲҲãԼЩ֮ѡС󣬵ƤдԺиԣƵؽкˬзڽ쳾غܳ¡ҲΪ񣬾ʮ굽ʮԼأЧȻáԹԲͷϵ֣˼ֻʱھ֮°ڳһűѩ˪˫Ʊ˷硣ھ˵һ˵ֶ˵Ĺ£ԼһϢѾˡΣһűԼ徻٣âǮڵߺЦ 
Ӷʮ굽ʮ,һŰȻȹ壬ϢƺҲҪӵطʱ룬ժȥйʶĿͷκԼֻǸˣأȽ˽ԼֻоƻϺĸ׺˫̥ϺӴԶأ˿ϵر 
ΣӾòعţûطһȥƽعȥûУ 

ҿһҵǮׯϺ굱ңǮׯ,ĳԺȴԸصҵǮׯͺϺˣȴβ͡ҲգԼҲ˾ӣնĺԸҵһβ͡ 
Ǯׯԣطѡĵڣüף鷿 
ط簮裬鷿Զŵ㡪㣬䵭ףͷð亹Ĳ£ƺǲϡǳһڣ˵ɣ룬ʮǷΪѺƷҲӰȫޣ 
嵭ȴúһ 
"ׯǰиǮׯ,ʱԵȼü֮һ黹²ӵܣҾʵѺĵزŲҵĽݡû뵽굽ڣྐྵѾټȥ˵ѾΪöĳԱʦţһŲ׷񣬲ҵŴʵڳһС뵽׷ǰһۣЩгݣѾ˿һ꣬һƶϴֻʣһزӺһӡ 
ط粻ɫصͷ˵Ҳô˵иӣˣ 
ׯĶʮһꡣ 
طߵüëһ˿˿ѵøȤı־봦һ׼ȷӦ֣ΪѵԶܵԼǰð亹ģؾˡ 
ծӻ쾭壬ô˵ 
ׯСӼΪȻ˵ǮһỹĸײأҪΪպ跨黹ôֲ˵˵䣬ͱ˵ʲô̫֪ʲô´ȥļ˵ѨסˡԽ˵ԽС͵ۿ˿ӵɫûô仯Ź˵Լԭ򣺡˵ΪԺ鷳Ҫׯȥѻ˵ס 

һ¡꣮ã 

ĩ꣬͸˿˿ϣĸ׵ĴζԲ׽Դϣ䣬ϸΪ顣ԼðĻҲ𣬹ȥԼ޿Ѱ١ 
ҿΧеЦСŢԺվʮľܵĴ󺺣һꡣģһӿǷǮ˵Ķͽѵһ٣Ͼ֮书׿¡ԼЩʲôأƲסķ֪꣬С»ССһѽϻĻ롣 
һ飺̬񻯵޿ʱһת˵ɣط磬ҿô¡ 
õãԶӳһƬƥˡϸһƥޱȣɱҴ£ңƺúܿ졭ĴȻܶ۾Ѿ¶ϲɫϽӲ̬Цˡ 
һĹǰѶһƥһˡ 

̧ͷǰϵˣĿ˸šط磬ҴûмĸôǿѹȸУ˸߹ķ緶˵׵ݡֻϲѣѾеĺɢҵ񾭡 
Ժ˲ӹĸ֣鴫һ֮ˣʮѱĺܹ־Ȼ˿ɼĸߴֻӶѡҺȻ쳣ྭӪ׷ģһȱ 
΢ģط۾ȷ紫һ亮ȴһ˿ŪǳĳģǾġˣǸˡһϣ 
΢΢һҾׯ 
ڴֺûУȻ΢һסһӰӹߣ˫ƷϷ鶯֮ľǼͬʱһǰͻȻͣ²ٶΪѾһССذָס˵ʺ 
ӡֲӰԭǸƤװף۾Ŀɰ꣬˿һмضңǸ 
΢ЦšƺһӹҵǳԥƬ̣ݺݵصһۣͷط硣 
ط粻֪ʱ߹ 
ɿ֣ذ£Լһߡǣһµûɣź˵һԡ 
ط翴ңͻȻʵ´ìܣʲô˼ƽ䵭ϢѹȸСͻȻһ󷢽ܷеĲ˹찲ȫǰ˵㣬ǷծѾ߰죬ʵڲš 
ȻˣﲻǼʹˣֻׯڼĸصķϸ̧֣޼졣Լ仰˵Ȥ˵ˡ 
طǸֻû۾ӦӹһĨϷ֮ɫ㵹ׯʮׯóذױ˰죬Ϊ£ 
ҵͷ 
󴫳һЦ࣬ӦǸղŵк 
Ժվôˣÿ˶ŵ⣬ǰ˿Σƶˣͨ΢ʲôҲǡԶҲԲλ֪࣬Լʲô 
ҽط۾΢ЦĸֻǸͽҲĸܰ,Ƿµʮһỹ˳ׯػ㲩£ѵݲĸӹӲдô 
ǰҲЦˣֻЦûڽòΪ仰ͿԴ˰ɣĸҲδɣֻһҵǮׯҲͲÿˡ 
Ҳﰵű븶۲ܴﵽĿġ 
ĵسңĵʣԭŵˣ书ܲ 
ͷʱҶ˵ʰϵذףվ֮ǰɿһһʴǵľʹֱ۴ȫѾˡ 
ֱӣ֪ԼɫһѾҰ׷ǳŵӵܣκɶԼ֡컨꣬ɻҶΪ棬Ϊ࣬ŵĻԻֻϵϡСͱ׻׻̵ϲҪҲҪס֣ 
ֻǣѲˡ 
ҵðׯԵһֻۣ¡ 
ԺﾲƬ̣طͻȻЦֽȶϣһ书˵ѷȥһ롣һ˴ôծĳԸꡣؿӹһ˿ʵĿ⡣ 
治֮Ѫġ족ղŵվط¶֮ɫһֶֻ˶ƺȥ½ڻǴ 
ѾܾòССĹػˣͷһ˿ů⣬Ҳ΢΢ 
ͨƣش֦֮ƣſڸԭ 
ѱȻ˽Եط飬ȴ㽲Ȼô֦ȻҪȥһȴˡ 
ط绹ؿңƺҵĻشЩ⡣û̿ڣֻоصš 

СͻȻһжɨϣͷһˣ˲˵ʲôʹҴתݡ 
ڹߺܰһһ²ſ崲ϵĸҪæǰסڴ͸ɫԵøݣɫ׳ſݻƵͷڱϵ˫缦צ̬Ȼƽ൱˳ҷšͷﻹˮһҩæ˹ 
ոյݵǰ֪ͻȻݵץ˹⧲һ£ʱۣϵűײУһڵϡһ߷ڴŤţƺңһ߷ĵԹ 
ϰΪˡֲܶץסֻݵ͵˵ƽûþˣҷ£ֻܿ˯ȥ 
ϧ˸ղŵҩҩ룬вȻڵĸף͵Ůˣһǰʼһ־塣֪ңǳңڣΨһչˡ 

ĸףͳط粻֪ʱվſڡһŬԼָ̩Ȼı飬תǼĸ 
˼ضҵһץۣʶֵ̧ס΢΢һһʹгæҧס´ 
һ˲䣬Ҿط翴ҵĿúͣٶһô䣬ɽ۱ѩĮ߸ϣղŵĶֻˡҵĳȥ 
һƬţҳĬؿĮؿңڵȴӡ 
ãˣºͣ죬˹ĸ׵ׯСסһ˷㲻ǣңһĻծͺãҪǸɸɾӡ 
סˣűһŭֱôҲ벻˲ҺݺݵŭҪĸӷô 
ҵŭȻе죺ôõҩĸʪСս񻯣ֻҪƾǷծǮıݣׯƶ֮ݡң̤ǰһҪҷ׵ɫøЩ˵⣺Ѳϵˣĸӷ벻кӰ죿 
һ仰һϣڲҡҡ׹һطʼ֧֧Լάסԭı飬֪һóΪϵıԵøˡҵʹࡣ 
򵥵仰ɾ򲻹Ӳߣֻ죬֤˲˵Ĵ֮ؾŶһŵù 
ʢطѲᵹһƻңˡ 

ˮĽнԶԺűߣ̽ݡط£ҲõһԿҵĳ룬νߡȻƺֵ˷£һͽѡҪӦҷҵ˼һ㣬һʼͻ۶۵ʹһݣ˵Ӧʱ仹ĸʱȻôá 
ӻͳССҩƿһȻԺűߣڵҩɢ 
䣬ĺ䣬Ƿ˵ģƺԶҲ꣬Ƿҵģȥֻ 

ڶ¡֮ 

ͣˡһһҲ¥¥ȥʱֵƳϣ͵͹ţӰ䣬Ƿޣ⡣ 
ֽԵأ硣 
һ߽ȥЦٻļӭλӺÿƷһôǳǳ΢Ц͹㡣΢΢һ죬´ң˵ɲ˵ܼģ͵Źǡ 
̬൱ˡ¥Դһ꣬ʼձһͳԡ㡱Ϊÿһ㶼ǵľˣӣͣ಻գ۵ҡʴˣ㲻һգҲλĴʡҪλ㣬ķû֪Ҳ¥¥ϰ塣Σ߽ǻЩ 
ҴӾȡһͨ徧Ө͸ݸԵｻɺãҾšһ£ֵƣҵĴƣתȥˡ 
úܿ죬ضһ룬 
ת󣬵粻ͣʱҷԼվһޱȵķ·ĹѾˡһɴ£֮Ů鰸ǰӯӯվڷ٣Լɣŵңű˵ǰһץסƸ磬Ҳΰɣ㣡۾Ѹٳˮһελգ쳸ңˣһֱš΢˰벽´ң˺ö࣬ɫҲˣһֱôˣȻˣַ˺ҵ䣬ŵһ׵ʱһɷ˭㣿 
ұ˱۾ڣֻһУѡ 
ƣȷʵˣڽ 
Σæ 

ׯڶȻһʵҼָŲһϳ,ۿׯһ徻ˬСԺطûг֣Ҵĵ״һղ˳ƣʵڲӲԣǿޱֽƻѲˡȻһ̫,ط籾˲֣ޡ 
"ɷ˵һ飬ˡû塣"Լʹ̫Ѩ 
˵ұסһæұһµƯкá 
ЦԷǣòı˭Ŀŵ鷳Ļ˭ͷѱ˽䣬ֵٰһΪʮҪ˽ѱׯһȤߣ뵽һֿܣ˸ս 
ҲҪæʲôأҾԼºЩ 
ʲôϡͷ˵ΪҶԹƾʲôԹѾ! 
ȷʵûбԹıǮʹٻҲܷοҲûǸҲգʲôҲգɡ 
ҡҡͷתߣţһǰһ߻ȥ 
˼ͻȻúɵĿⶢңŲô鸡񲻻书Ƶģʲô𣿡 
ͷ͵һݣ۹⣡ĮȻƾ۹⣬뿴ҵʵʮꡣɰһӾͺˣݺݵһۣԵŵŵߵǰȥ 
һ·ҶıӰ˵ǰա 
عͷϻյĺΣ㲻ؼңҪȥ 
ңҵﲻҼңҪطסҴӺǰͲ֪ΪˡǰӺ˵ģ˼ȫֱ˵ϣʵǿɰҺȻŻҲȫǻ£ʵʲô֡ 
ͻƺЩ޴룬һȨ 
ȨȨҰ֮ô룬һϲ֣󳤾õİֻҪȨҰҲˡ 

Ȩţ߹һǷͣ¥ǰʱǲţ۾ôģӣ֪ʲôطۿ㲻ͣߣֻøţһЩջʣʲôȻ飡 
в𻰣·Ĺӭһ񣺡ƹӣСѾúˣ 
Ȩļ򣬸Ҫסһӡ 

ΪҰһ徻СԺ䣬Ժ˼Žǿʱһ£ͤͤվһŽ£ЦҴкƹӣôôȨĳ˿ɫһһ޵Ȩܣλҵľʶڽͷ⼸Ҫ߶ŵľ 

䲼õˬʣ䣬һסңһסȨμ򵥴к뿪ˣԼǰ˴˿˵ʣӿڳ 
Ҵü򵥵ﲻлεİţôྻĴ̣ϵͷ˯һһŤͷȨһУŬԼոյڵϵ°͡ 
ҶﰵЦĺܿɰءָĶͷ𷢴ˣ찲һ°ɡ 
ȨңȻʣﻷסСݺöˣ֮ǰΪʲô͵ 
һ㣬Ϊʲôأ 
ΪˡеĹ벻Ըֻһ㣬©ϢԸйҲԼôҲĸ׵İΣðգߣ޷ʩڲŻ 
ЩǲܶȨ˵ģҲ˵ѣֻǿЦ˵շŽͷġܺã˯Сݵģڲˡ 
ȨЦôɵ£Լֽô鵽Σֲ㻹ծԭӶ¥ 
ֻпЦҵĻȷʵţȨȻֱˬ棬ȴʵͷͷǵҲգôҲãܱȥ׷εǿ 
ǣȨҵٶתΪм 

׵֮ʱбڴǰӺ³ϣһЩȥѾʳ߽زòһҹӣС극ȥһҳͷʾ֪ȨһصغһͷʼͳԡԽԽڣҲ 
˸ȨֻµνӴȨɲطɲӦοиš 

߽εķʱȫڣ¥͸ŵĵƹ⣬ˣ龳ҲˡΣʵǺģСǡ 
ţЦذ£ǰѶ˶ذһŷ̯߰ĶϸһʱеĴ̱ձ亹ʼӺ 
ϰŴϵȫͷɴ裬ʽǩڵĿˮ洺ߵΣǡֲ 
Ҫ㿴𣿡Сʡ 
𻰵һ޹磬˵ֲҡӲѾˡ 
ԼˡʱλСõҽ߰㣬С󲡣챣ҪĴ¡ 
һЦ磬֪ҽ»ûԵֲĵزɣۿȻеʪСԱ֣߰Σ 
ůḧҲԽص˵ͷ 
ʵںܵõ޶׼ˣü䣬ԼϵĽ룬Ͻ޵֭Һ˿ϡ 

Ӳʹ֮£ҼʹҩʱҲʹ麹ֻ֫νֱ۲޻Ǳصڲϡ 
οԼĴ˼֮ЩЦƬƣ޶֮ڴߣȥ֣ΣıƯˡҼǵСʱװ۹Ĺĵģ쳶ô˵ţΣõβǣôͰͷϹϵģˡ 
ˮɫȻ΢΢һ漴سһЦӣųƵҼأȵϣ֪쳣²ǸȻ 
Ŀӣһʱӱ˴пģǵĲɣеڲɣ档ң䵱꣬쳡ƺΣСҼм䡣䶼ƣȴûѪԵϵֻϲһС޲µӣǺʱһȥ 
Σǰ֪ǰ쳵ģΪŵİ̽ʹҲѱ쳲֪ɵĸطִƵ񡣶ҵĻ䣬ǻԹ쳣־ 
죬䣬˿̧ͷµУ֪ǷҲεš 
ණȥ˾ͲٻѾһС 
ʲôҲûУҲûпԹȥĵط 

ãε͵͵ң磬Ϊʲôأʵҵģǲǣ 
ҳӣΪһ˿Ժ󣺡Ҵûв㣬㡣ɽˮҲ㡣 
ڵĳ˿˿ƣΣȻе飬Ҹ 
Ǿټ棬ϢҸεķӸңҲط磬ҵĵ쳡 
̧ͷ۾Ĺâĺˣ˭Ҳ㡣һ˵İ졣Ȼ¶֮ɫȷҪôծʮ˵ʲôġ 
ЦˣʵҪÿƻһʱˣʹѣҲΪóʮģ˵Բԣ 

ҹˮˣůķ߳Ǹոջصʵе磬͸͵ƹķҵһξ̤븴̤ξѾȥȴΪһ𳤴ζͻȻֵģҲԸ׵ģξ 

ΣԲЩ£һ㡣֪Ҳκ֪ 

¡ױ 

ס¥ǰһֱҽΪĳһ£¥ڸɫ˵ȶ֪¥רһλԱʱ֮衣ⲻСһ׮ܿûڴڰ֮¡ 
ԳϵǣҪӵĲ˾Ȼ٣¥ǧĵĹ⣬Դ֮ƺ¶֮߼߸֮ҿʼηҪסԭ¥ԭĴ򡣿һ߰ıæҲ߰һׯ⡱ҵİֻһ죬Ȩֻв鲻ԸаĦĹ 
Ȩʵܺദֱˬȴ꣬浫棬ҺܿҲദǢҽѧʼеȤˡȻǣң߱˥ĸ׻Ȩʵϵõ˴ϢĻᣬҲǰѹ֡żо,ط,˵һĳɷ棬Ȼֻһһ㡣͸ʲô,ʵ˵ҲġڵңûʲôõļֵҲû飬ֻҪׯĲ˹ðȣԸȥ档ʱԼѻһΪһڳ˯һҲģֻ֪ӻһһȥ̫¶ѣģʲôҲ롣 

ס¥ĵʮ,ҺȨһʱ,ǰѹһ۳ɷεСֽ.Ҳɫض,˳ƽֽС 
Ҵҷ,һص,ֽڵչ,ĿȻּ: 

,·ɵ,32,,ݡҩ,Ṧ,Яйٱ,Ѩ׼;ûһ,ɻ,ٸȫ,һ;ݸԭ֮׿,ݻ㡣 

εϢ֮ͨ,ܽͨҪٲϸʵ,û´Ļ,ĻӦ跨ŵ:¥òɻ,ʵٺʲˡ,Ҷֽ΢΢һЦ,һˡ 

ڶ糿,ɫдأ緹ҲֻڡȨȻϹĵ:ʲô𣿡 
ҳĬһҹĸףôû֪ˡ 
ɸ봫Ųÿ춼ƽ𣿡 
ֲױʡ 
 
μˡ 
úã˼ˡȨеͶھͶׯһˣ㿴ˡ 
ӳڣһֱûȥҲûȥԶٷ㡭ˡ 
أ 

Ȩ˵߾ߣˣǾͶЩʱٻɣϡһھΣΪղʰߵĲ;ҲһСֽ 
ҿȨţžͶԼķ䡣 
䣬ײѹһװɫɴ£ŮװҶԼЦһ£ѸٰϣƺÿЩͭǰüĿΣɢȴᣬڼ󡣾üĿ续Ļĸףõ벻ϵʱ򡣷ˮɡ񣬺£Ǿãĺ£ҵײײشӾǰӿԺŽһƽ 
ãͲݻˡ 

ϳֱİ¡Ůɡ˭ʱĿɵԲԲģɰӣСҲŵԲԲģ۲۵Ŀɿڴװ̣һŻòһӷһӼУ磬֪㳤úãû뵽õֵزСòԸλ֮ͣλҲͰɣ 
ƵƵúҿ˿ûڲ࣬ö˵ǻ˸ɾ 
磬ŮӴһѧʣӷֺͷţָڶнģΣǸþµĲɻ϶һ۾ͿˣŪһ£ 
 

ҹڷߣǣ͵С˿ᣵʹڰǽͷ飬ذָ۶ۣȫװ󣬾š 
ʱݺ߿߿С㣬ԹӵһЦˣ 
εŮǰ·һһţ΢Ѱ϶룬ǰϸϸǡ·һƱöġ롣ȥ˰룬ȳһ˫۾ת̫ѸԵḡҲʮֿηҽŵƹϸϸϹȻһż侫µƤߡ 
΢΢ףӴʤ֮κԵһ棬յüȻ 
۷Ź⣬дС㴹࣬ĳ̫ܳ飬ȴٵöСգֻһҲˡ 
Ρڲ֪εĲףǣ͵ķȻ˵ֱԪոһգҹƣ绨껪ˮζ˵ 
ŬסԼһƤɹӲҲ֪ӿԸһֻ֣ҪʤðӣȻӭԸ 
ƺãϲʤ֮һаաҳкŮǰŮ뿪źյĸȡǶ̣¹ɣں֮ȻȻ˳ȥš 

һֻʯľСƵӿſӨ͸硣һ롱ִ֣СֻʳָһöӣϡסҵָһɫڻӣҲһŰӷڼϡ 
ԿԿ죬֮߸ߵ͵ͣһµţҲˡķԿһ˿Ĵɽ˿ᵴ̲岨˼ޡ 
˾벻ĵҲѰɡ 
Щˣǰ޾ƣһҵķ 
΢΢ü컷ŵĿƺһ˿ѰĽһһε͸ţҵĴٿǰˣһһ롣 

ȷʵӼٲȻмִҷ緶֪ףװһʫ鴫ңĻĹټӵҲģˡһֱΪҪ֮һ˼ܣıԶǣҲ黳ȣʤ·Ȼɣȴ̫̰̫ϲϣ᲻ᣬվ³ˡ 
һʱĹȥգ͡ 
һʱ޻Ҵײ⿴·߲ʤ 
ˮյĻһ£һһƻͷһ𣬷Ȼѳֱ˹һסҵ֣Сοǲ֮ˣһƬĵķϣͼһգһֻѳ˹ֱ䣬ѰҰһֵֻʱ˻㣬ѳգʳָ˳ƿǳǳһӡ 
ָصķĩһּЧ죬˺ʹرĶĳɹֻ֮ҪѪҲϲѪɵĳ棬ϲͬŵǽֵ˳ʴȴƫҩܾüʹɱˣԼͬӦ輸أǾƳֶΪ 
ͬǹҩĽˣһ飬ɫʱұ䣬ΪһЮ£ֱҵǡƮˣ˿ȥߡࡱܲסƷ磬׷׹ء 
棬ǰľŭͻȻһ£ϸϸشңԼѨ̾Ȼɫ˫ɷѿһ 
Ҳɫɷѿģıֻһ 
һЦˣ絶ֱֱ˹ףڶʱƷƻƮҡֻһζչṦܡ˶˵ˣȫʩΪ죬һ㶾ҩȴѹƲסڽ¶ķ 
ԽԽ죬õľܾ˵ļѿʼЩȣɱȴԽԽףҰСġһµݶǽżһһƬ˿ᣣƮƮ䵽ʱͻȻһüھɽЮŷ˿ӿûܵأȻƷﻹ֧öӣָ˳ȥżæһѷŵ弸ڰգһƻӭƬ˿ᣡ 
һƬҡײĴ죬ǡ͡һˮ˹ȵ͹Ĵ죬弸˿ײȻȻһһȣͬʱƬƬ״ɢ¡ 
ĶҼæ˺СǴðƬմվԭһƾм䵽ϡ޶мʱ˻Σٻ˻Σȥ 
ҷס磬еЩæ۾ĬĬϢղһͣϢʼڲطȻЩǿˣһεϵǮǼ¡ 
ҪԼػȥͲǼ׵顣 

ڵϵ˶һ£ģûСĵرܿϵƬߵߡû˸ղŵɣĿͣ޽ࡣʱӦѾˣԼĶֶ죬ʱ䷴ӳˡӳҲޣɫٳһ̰ˡ 
Ǹо˵ԣתһͷĿ⻺ҵϣĿתֱ㶵ضš͵Ŀ⣬ӲţµĶִ͵ƽУҲĵײһ£ݷʲôĶˣ˫۾Թɱ֮֮УҹȥƺֻһΡ 
ɱֺγҪɱңթڰ˿ڵϵģֻ¾ˡֻǣΪʲôΪطνġװסӣأɱΣǡѾ˵ġơ 
̲סʳˣδı棬޶ԹԣΪƴԼҪҪɱң˭ָʹ 
ݵĳĬˣֵƣһеģ£û˸ָֻšµŮˣԽǳıԽɱԽʹ졣 
סˡôȴ˷ңȻǿ̧ͷҷӦô£һҺµϣˡˮ㽫ú 
ˡˮ㽫ú 

ĲôŮװһúѣΪʲô˻ô֣ҲΪˡǵģˣΪҡΨһֵҵģǽӴĲΡ˭뵽õĲɻʹŮˣŮ˸ࡣ 
߰ţһ˲䣬лޱȣʲôҪؿ 
۾Ѿ 
ȴͻȻһڣͺװˮƤҿһ죬Һ籡͸Ƥ߿óţŤţÿһų˵ĹɲԭȵķӰ١ޣ԰һ˱˳ª 
ҺȻһ˭ǰʲô£ĺ޾ţԳƵǿˣǰȨ˵еĿʹȥһԹԹ 
һѷӣ 
֮еĹ£ġ־ȳӵŮ˵ı𱨣һʹ಻ֹԹޣűĵһһҲ֪ԼǷֲ˴Ϊ˫۾Ŀֻżįʶ 
ûңΪʲôҪɱ˵´ͲҪ 

һлط˯ʱ۵ͷתȨķһƬڣûǰӷҷɿԼķ䣬ҲƣԼԭæ׾һֻػϣںڰҲܲµһһͿæŰεͷ϶ʱͻȻડһ죬ǴŻӵзвãһ͵ˣұ¶һСޱȵػͷǰŸеƯ꣬һ˫ЦЦȨ˭ 
磬Ƿһ͡ 
Թ֮̾˿ֻʣĸ֣ڰ˳䡣 

һαڵذһޱȡȨЦرһŮװΪڲ˵ĳͷ˼ر˵ŵľΪȨ֪顣ڸˣҴвУ´ԱվŶԣˡ 
ɫĲ̫ãȨϸһҵɫЩǸȻȺúϢһٺʺˡ 
˿ȨΪʲôڷץң 
ұһׯԭ򣬾˵춯㷿׼кϷ 
 
ׯúܿأ 

¡ɽ 

ڶ糿ϸꡣ𴲣һ˫è۰Ȩൽʬǰ͵긮ͽ𡣹ٸ𣬲ҵ֣˵ׯΪˣģԼȥࡣ 
Ȩգգ˯ѵ۾Ϊʲô֣ 
Ҫ˫գкβףЦ,ɹգĻ񡣡` 
ǡҵסȨúСС˵ͬ⡭ 
ҶﰵЦļ򣺡ҲСˣЩѾԼţҵġ 
˵ﳤȥ 

һʱҵׯҵڶ˵еµһׯа꾲׵šϴʱأ˲϶ڿǴɽˮĺڡ컺͵ɽɽǳС뷼ݣӳһƬĺߣ԰ֹȴ룬ṹӣϸסǼʺĽϽȴģ͸ݲɷơرĵططر𡱵ˣʵȻˡ 
ҿŻ 
һſˣǸһĹܼҡϵĸ׵ķŵġ΢ЦŴкܼң 
ܼȫɫһҾииƹӼȻˣׯһ𡣡 
ȻطܿСУȻϵҽţһ˿˿ֻòɡǣĲ԰סˡ 
Ҳ˹֣Ϊ̽ĸ˹ׯ徲ֱȥֱؾͺá 
ܼҺͺһЦþòׯԹҲܹ빫͸ӣĪҪΪСġ 
˵ĳ̶ֳϣܼǱطﲻ˵ճضҡΪ̾һŬάϵЦݣǾͷ· 
ܼȫЦеذׯضʧʵĴȥһˣλչһ壬ůλԶֻС裬ů⻺ӽ״ȫʪܵҲˡʱڻõĻóˣء 
ܣע⵽俿һΧ壬ǸΪ¡ոշɵֱˣطĸִУδᵽ壬ǲΪ֪ϲãôҲÿڿ«ʲôҩ 

˼䣬Ų죬طȻ˽Ȼͦ޳ΣȻǿ׵ݣ֪ΪʵںůΪԼԵʣϱϢ˺ܶ࣬ൽ¶ȲûΪĵ½ٵĵزƺҲϴμʱƽЩ˫൱ÿ۾Щ΢š 
ƹӿЩ񲻼ãĪ̫ӣ鷳 
һڣҸոеĺӡȫˡ۾гǽƻı־ÿˣ 
ҴƤЦⲻЦӱۣҽ˱֮鷳֮˵ 
ط籾λ£˿ֻ˸ʵˣеĳһç򣬽̵ʧ֮ҺƹӴΪ̡ܽƹӲʣһģ黭ܣܸߣȨĸ 
ղ˵Цװ׵ļˡҺȻһμʱ˿صıȣͷβԵȵؿң̸ˡ 
ҧ´ѹ¿ʼڵ֪ԼЩˣⲻǸͷԭô¡ĮȻ̧ͷΪ̽ĸׯ׼һ 
طӹһĨ˵ģҽĸɫأҸеϴμʱֱѹȸֻˣǰѲǷǸЩˣµһׯˣ߸ߵĲ󼰵ǿߡվϵĳڵ尸˸롱ƣƹѵһˣһΣ 
ʲô˼뵽֣αİӺӱǸ԰صɱʱ˿̣ʵ᲻κ塣ҳûֻĸ롭شң˵ 
ǿҵзͷУҲܹٴΰۣȴûĴα̶ָѿһվǿŷȥĳ嶯ĬĬߵ尸ǰ¡ 
ϲ壬ѧѷ쳰ҽ棬ûҵĶ֣ڲ¡ɫȴôҲѹǹɬɬĸо˵߻գֻһʹڣͻȻУΪڣ޷࿹⣬ֻȥݺݵءҧҴŴݼ䵭һӡ 
طִڣִףӺܿɾһǧҵʹһԲֻͻȻһֻ֣סҵ°Ӳӭطڵŭ̽˼ĿתתͻȻſ֣ƣܼӦ룬վһԡطùϵİӣŻ¨ܼ˵ƹȥ̽ĸ 
ҽӲվŹܼ߳ȥ 
ʱŸоطָȻůġ 

ʱ˼˿ȴһƬңطƺа취Ū״̬ҽܼţһ΢΢ͷˮԼЩԼ޷յϻ̫˼Ϊ޲¡ 
ԶԶҿǴССԺ䣬һһԽԽҲԽԽ죬ôûߣɻһڣûȨѯʣڵ̬ӦȶŶԡ 
Ȼˬʣͬȼ˻裬˯ޱԵúܰ꣬ģΪѾ߾һԣҲһʩиС¯ӣСҩݣ벵ҩһң˲֪һһѾߣҩÿ춼𣿡 
ͷعӵĻÿѬüʱأſˡ 
ȻҩڰЧֻϡ٣۸񰺹һòġҹȥҲΪѬһΣûþͰɬֻжˡ 
ΣøлطģȻͻȻе㷢ë˾õʲô 
ɫʾ˳ȥڴ£סϸЩԭƽȣҲˡѪǰͿʼ˥ߣ۶õҩҲת˵ģڵԼ£Ѿ󳬳ԭԤˡѪӦѶˣҲȥҵľϻԼľٳ֡ 

֣ϣ 
Բ𣬰ôò㡣 
㻹ǰȰЦжá 
ҩݵܣĸӵȻ䣬ٸн 

껹ţĵ÷һƬҾƤ̲סڴͷһ˯˹ȥ 
Уж°ɨü촽ἫĴУƫůůģºǡӦ갡 
ĵиڽУǣĻξûˣѵõůءز붯ҷԼĸг˯ 
֮Σ˵ 

ʱˬ˯ϵˮȻεδϵѾˡѾ춯ʳнЦ˵͹ˡܼҸںҲˣЦ棺ƹˣׯԸ˵ҪҲöˡ 
ʲô˵طղһòˡ 
ûûУׯ˻ŷԸġܼҵ۾гһߡĴˣҲ֪ܼЦЦ 
ﻹǷˣȻǰķģû¶١˴ǿľĿѾﵽǳȥˡ 
·룬ٿһۣתš 
˼ܼƽðһǰﰵһׯĹܼңȻ˵Ļ̫⣬˵󷽵ذ˵ڡ 
ƹӣׯ˵ӻǷһû¡ 
ûа׳Ե͡ 
ҹԹص尸ڻƷط硣 

µذ˳졣طûΪңʵϣû˵Ұȫ˼ŵϣŷֶԷǸ֡طĲֿ޷죬ǳǣŶֵıߣ£һζȡƾͺʤ㡣ҿ൱ɴԭأȡһɽԸоҵͷ˼ʱߴӶƽӹҵĶͷϡ 
һʤ֣֮Ѿȫ֮ȡõýˡչѱϣ̧ͷӭ϶˵۾˫۾Ϥ⣬ȫİĹâ̽ءִעš 
ǷػԼʱط˵Ļ 
ĺܲȻϤֲϤĿ⣬ֻҪ̽ĸʱ̫ǻծ顣 
ӦȻĿģ͵òط֮ڵ 
òŰԼƵ̫չֻжʮһꡣ 

˵⻰ˣ꣬Ҳֻǵڶμ棬ȴʶꡣ벻Ļδ⣬̽˵ǳȻҵһθо֪ط磬ֻһԼϵıߣһ̣ƿߵһǣЩԥ¶ıĿԻеԵɣҲԸϣ˲ֵһʵ״ȴҵΪ֮ĪĻв 

¡˼ 

ҹŲʳڼʱΧÿ˶˵ǸǳԺǳʵʵˡʱҲСǱ顣Ȼ꽥־һǲһһȱҩؽϣԾѱ÷ǳʵǳʣǹ룬費 
Ȼˣ;áᡢҲܶκˡκ±вʵʵĻ롣޷ط뷨볣ԭҲõóܵĽۡ 
˰ҹʲôҲ벻ֱӼӵӡһţͷ١ÿη뵽Ժбֻʣٱʱ˵Ļ͵񴺷͵͵ģƻأš 
ҸԼҲԭǸգԻ̬ȻõöࡣʵǣǿԼŵĵزǣܲһֱ۾˼뵽컹аҪ顣ҾܾȥǱи˼һЩԣƽ޹Լɲ˸顣 
У˯š 

糿ֻȥΡ 
֪ζžӳ˼ţҽʱױźׯûط籾ˡǰҵʱصׯͶ˰ûдȻҵĵ̣һһģղѡϾط粻ʡ͵ĵƣŵĶҩҲôǡ 
లҳţطûжرע֮ľٶ֣ 
ûСο϶ҡҡͷŰɶ಻ʤССһûرעǡ 
ССһţȻʧЦΪҲ֪⼸ʵж죬мɿˡ 
ҵȻ֪ͷҲصؼæµ겻ȥˣȻ޴ӵ֪ 
ΣŬȥ£üëˡ 
Ů毰׵˫ϷƬƣ޲ɷӾһЦ磬æŲЩɵĵĻȥèˡ 

һ磬ſڣһйطھ 
ȲſС˵Щʲô 
С˵Ҫ֮죬ȴףϸ֦ĩԲ壬ֻԾ߹Ŷѣ빫½⡣ 
ۼȨȥץҩûлǰչ 

ط磬ʮ 
֮ӣĸ 
ͬø 
һʮЯó֣Խؽϣ㡢桢񣬸´̻£Թ𡢸ӡꡣÿһرͬطɣưɽ񣬰ɽѪУһڣݺ֣δ棬½Ծ 
˵ط˼ܣ߻꣬óѪ֮£âԣȻҽ˫͸硣ԶƷòڣֶ䣬߶ݷɴ˵úţ 
ط̨˫赣ݺ֣ء 
书Բɿ 

طʮ괴丸ּЭְɣΪ°ܽʮǰ䡣 
¡һ˰죬ްֲ 
ʮƼҵֶԲó֮ɣ˵һΩҶִ˿衢ҵ֮ţ 
ʮǰ⣬ʵҲȻʮͻ䣬ǲۡ£Դ¾סַ𣬽ΪƾҲ 
 

ÿһд£עӬͷС֣ǧû۾ʹ̲ס¶΢Цдµעж٣һΪ࣬αϾǸŮӰ 
ھպãҿαϺ۾Ժһط磬ǰһﲻһһһǼأֻȫģȫǼٵģҲ̫ط糤ǷεӣطǸ˪ѩˡ 
ȻʮѪϴ龰ʹʱһжģҹλѵһ㶯ҡҲɱˣ֪Լ޷עӴ֮˵۾޶ˣﶼһ˿޹ţҳþ޷ͻ 
طǸŻڵˣ࣬ϾֻǸˣеһ̫̫һ㣬ûлع˵Ŀռ䣬ֻһֱһֱȥԽԽԻͣҲԽԽį 

顱һȨƿųŴСҩģǰиһˣϸűһ㺹ˮηѣЦվ𣬸߳ȥ 
ΣطƺԼС̵ܽúܺء 

ҿʼȥׯȥȥľȥʲôҲ룬ʲôҲ˼ɡ˵նն벽ΪӪĻôҪ㣬ôС΢Ҳ޲µģͽѡο书ıԺƥط˵ԸҴòŶȦӡ 
ʱʿʼƵģͱˣҵΣط磬Լ 
еŹֵСãڵĹ鱨Դ¥Ļ¥ŵҪߡעε飬ֻҪڣҾͺѾܾϴΰŮװע⵽ҳ˵⻹ӺСθڵġĪطԼǶ̰ͭǰüޣȻӵһĳλ͡ͷķʽԻĻ 
Ȼÿһܾ÷СֽҪѶϢ϶ûзֵǮҲûзѶԸ붯־ѵڡ֮¡˵ٺòΪЩʱȫʧ޷ġ 
ٱʱ֮һһžĵҩ裬̼ǵĨЦҽ֮ǿԽⲻÿֶǿҩںܳһʱ޷ͬ书ÿ췢Σδڿ˽ҩҩȴ޷ҩҪҩУһֻŲСҩҲϡ 
ÿյķסˣÿУһ޷йҩҲÿһΣܶϡҪһ㣬ǲ񸡶ɴϲ󱯣̫񡣺ҶҽһԼƿأҲò˼ꡣ 
ÿηҩʱҶԶƵ쳣쳾жң޵Ҫ˴ҵĵزֶԶţ쳣Ҳ쳵Ŀ˺ܾãվܶ϶Ͼ˽ңԶʤ˽ֱһ̲ŷһ㡣ЩطЩطȴʼձúܣֱҲǡ 

˵ԼΪʲôҪطΪһʲôҲûÿһ塣ȻһʱԽԽҲҪʵУȻʼʱҽ̸Ĭ˵ϺһȻҷֲ֪ʲôʱĵصӿƵ鷿ֱ߻һ裻ȻżҾĿڶμʱͣﲻһ˿˪ǣҲЩˡ 
ׯ˵һȥܼЦӭˣѾǹطʱѣʱҲͨϾҲй衱Ȼպյׯ˵кμ֪ļֵֵأڸ֮ǰұܵذط統 
ǸңӦׯ߶ӦԶط磬̲סƵȥȥܼҶ΢Цطһ壬һ裬˵仰ƵƵʪܵؽţɸˬˬسţʪܵػص¥СС޷ڿڵļСӺĵط߽ů֮ů 
ʱƣȬĸ׵ĲȴˣǰһԸңԸҿԻݵץҡǼˬķȻ˻ȻˡʱͻȻԶԶӿﶼãֻҪǰãҪκϵҵǰ 

ÿȥׯȱطһŻѾ˹ 
ʵųڿһܴܰůڵġˮԽԽˣһӴ꾰һ߸оĺһȥһ 
ط߽ʱ´ңƺʪܵ·ǳۣüһʵôƣҺЦһֱӿˣôɡһҽűߵˮգɾĵذѾʪһƬ 
Ҵֲԥһ²űɣҵɡˣû뵽ô󡭡 
겻ֻ¸ֹˡ 
Ҳᣬת˳ȥȻˣһ̰ɡ 
Ǹ鷿ϰһźӡȻҪ£ֲʤ 
ط粻ԣ໰ʱ򳣳֮˵ϼ䣬̸壬Ҳ׽ŪϷ֮ƺҲʱʱͬǡˣǡƹӡ׼ûкûö֮ҲϰˡЦҾӦȥţҾͺӲȥط絹ҲӲƺúȤ 

ʱȥǺܲģֻ֪ʱҲϣþһЩ 
ԵҡͻȻֵϢʱζӣ֮࣬ҲԼܵһҪʼ䶯ˡ 
һҽʱҵĲǸȵðͷƵοͣͣ߰㣬ӡӡҵȵƿڶϲҺȨ˿Цɵȥֻ֪˼ҵĴͷǱɵġ񡱴ƵġţͻȻðһ䣺Ӷһǧӣûûţת۾͵죬ãµ϶ҵҲûá 
дҩıʲֽ֪γһī 
ҺǶǴɣһֱల£Ȼˣ쳾ʲô 

һȥϢȥѱ档 
ûκαʾ⡣ϵʲô 

䶯Ĵ£طǰɫ塣 
Ҳһջˡ 
һµʱӰӾһţطUһڲ裬˼̣ƺ˼˵ӣ㿴ʲô 
ӣһռţһռţͨȫֲ֣¡ 
ʲộһʱЩͿ 
ط絭֮ĵʲôط 
ĵĵطҵͻһ˵šǺͶң 
˵ŷʧˡ 
ʽˣֲ¡ 
ɽֲ£ŵȷʵ׳ˣܷǸвŸɵˡһβ磬ܾò֮ˣҪưлķ 
ıߣ 
طɨһۣƺҵķӦ̫ƽе㲻⣻šǺͶңҲǸġ˳岻ӣʴˣҵ¡ 
еЦׯȻھУ˿̸⣬Ѿô 
ط۾˼Ц⣬˵ºͣԼã 
ɫ϶ʤһΪıΪ̸ΪսûаգӦϲһĬҲǣ 
һŰ£ס˺һۣȷʵֻܴǴ˶õģرĴˡ 
㡭ҺǣҺȻúЩѣҲͻȻе㶶 
طûϻش̧ͷȥңһ鶼Ը©Ƶġ 
߶֪ңԮ֣Ҫ֡ȻԸ߶ 
˵Ͷסˣ̿һۣڴӡ 
Ҳݲݷһ壬Ҳס˰һۣʾ˵ȥ 
׼Ƕƽ֣ıռƣҾͰһߡ 
˵ܾˣһһӱøɬ 
ܾ˵ҲأֻҪʮвˡ 
ʮꣿ˵ɺܵʮ߲֮С 
ֹǧٳ쵽СҺȻס˿ڣô򵥵ĵطܲĪǡ 
ˣطµְ˿ӣ壬Ӯ֮⣬һֽ֣Ǻ;֡˵׵ڵ֮Լڲⲻ˵ģǲҪ䣬ҲҪӮֻҪ;־ͺܺáҪġ 
һһ壬еԼָʼЩȻˣΪʲôҪЩ 
ţҿóطһҵĶͷϣΣĿ̣Щǲòģϣ֪һ㡣㿴塣 
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ڵε΢΢ʹУȻԸеһĵطס¶ͻȻյ˿Ծõ㼱ٶҸعĶ 
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һˣ쳲ŲŵҪֻ¾ܾˣȻˣصֻɶѣˣȻˣĽ 
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ԼҲ֪뷨е棬鲻ô˳һԣһкı⡣쳲ȫˣǰůĽϣûǷǷǣϧȫûô 
ʵҺ¼Ȼ鲢ӿͿԽʲôһڣպӺҡ 
ڽǰұܵؾܾйص£Ȼҷ¶ĵĴ˿̣ԼʼţеĹˣ쳡еҲɽˮĺõطҲģﻨ㣬Ƭ׵ĴɹҲεҸЩʵҵȫ 
ҲûãߵǸطһֱһֱҡܾȥʹԶ޴Ӱѡ 
һжǲɲδ֪ȻǸʱ򣬵ĩĺＲǰУԽԽʱظоƶĶϢػˡ 
һξԼпܵõеİ̧ͷ͸̻ɫŬ΢Цˡ 

ɹȻ˽״̬жԵѽͰȡŽǹǹطתĪòٲ֣Թֻۣ뼺޸ɣȻոһԵء 
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һǰҵעǰ̡ط˹ذһСһſȡߣһſŶȻû˵ҲûɫҿԴǶ΢üë϶á֡ 
ҪˣѾüûӮˣеͰ͵ضطָ 
ط翴ңüһֺˣ 
ѾˣҲôżȥ̫û˼ˣһҪĸͷ 
Ҫ£ôôãпʼģҪʲô 
˵ɷ˵ذɫӷֱ𶪻¨ 
ȻһΣȻˣӮҲҪиͷҲ˵˵̰ѿźλһڣһ־䣡 
طƳһۣһҵӶ¨ı飺ҪʲôҴŲµõ 
΢ЦȻǲµõġһԣ׷˿˵Ѿˡ 
ҡͷҺαطڣӮ˵ġҿֿѾӯЦ⣬һһƣɲµõҪʲô 
鷿ǳůůԳĿսеʪҸҿ϶亹 
£䣡 

䣬ˮڣ˷ʮƶԹݡ֪һʱҲ˲ǲ֪ʱĺˮ¶΢Ц 
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طƷ粻һ˵̫һ䡣 
ҵͷϸֶƣȷʵѴռϷ磬ʲô𣿲ܴ⣬Ҳˣط硭˵ 
طһ壬ҲΧ׷½أ̿˰죬ȻƳһεȦϲ֮£ԥѨһġΣ 
ط翴˰ΣǾʼ𣬼ͷҲһһЦȻУҶʮ֮壬ԴΪ 
Ҵؿһʱزô棬һοЦƽʱҲǷطЦ˺ÿϽһǳǳĻȣ˵ºͣ˵ĿţöЦЦġֻǡǲҲ޲ǣôȴЦˣ 
طסЦ⣬ָָ̡ҿ̣סˣô 
ҷȥģǿŰӡ 
ٿ¨Ȼ֪ʱλáӾתˣˡ 
Ǵ󾪣ȻŭֽŶԲԣⲽ㣡 
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־ûȴһѰס֪ʲô޻أ޻ڰɣ 
طƣִůңϽ˷˲΢Ц࿪ʼò̫Ҿһθھϵ֣ 
ʮǰ⣬ʵҲ 
Ŀԭ֣һʹ˵λ׬ˣ˭㹻˰ɡ 
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ҰֳһۣˡۿΪ֮ܶһʱʤˣ仰˵ίʵĲ鲻ԸôôأһεһΡ 
طһӣؿҿһ 
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ʲ졣 

ڶ糿Ҵ˼ִֺĶ񣬰ԼͷŹ˸ʵʵֻʣһ˫۾¶档ŵܼҷ˺ô󾢲ϳңƹӽú磬 
һЦţׯԸˣƹ˾ֱ뵽鷿С 
ãûңҲûʣȻһһǺݺݵҧŴҪǽ᲻ھһᷭǽ룬طⲻκ˴档 

鷿ȣƽʱֻһ裬쾹Ȼطվǰ˻ߣƽƽ̯һžֽէȥѾ˸߰˰ˡ 
طϲˮīҲϲЩǷϲòΣʵҲǷǵŷɡҺͿ鷿ǽϹһӻͼƫ͸£⡰̣һ԰ӻ족ǼΪµСִ֣͸վϣӡÿ̲סҪۡطһ۳ԼãҶһ 
عʱطѾ»תܼҲѾڷ 
㿴⻨Σ 
ʵûп壬ֻúҴúܺá 
ط̾һǳΣƹӣվôãֻôôһ軨ûƼ 
˳ָȥʱסˡһ迪üʢĵĵĵΪ֮ʤӺݻϣĵȴú޸֦֦֮ҶҶˮ̵Ļò壬񵭵ؿţ֮ʵһ 
ò͸᲻ð۾ƿ滨ֲҪ衣 
ط£ƹӣȲȣôĶ񣬻ǸϿµĺá 
ͷһһԼɱĴ 
ҧŴ˵ⱲӶûô˵϶ķӦõģȫ¶ˣˡ 
طȴĵúܣҺɣĿϬֱҪ͸Ϸʣ໶ڣĳѾ˰ˣƹȻĽܲպɣ 
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һѾһקסקקϵĶ˵ءܻػعһĳطֱ㶵ؿңһ䣺Ǿɫ 
ѪҲ˼ͺݺһƴ˹ȥΪʮþȲգһһץסٶȥطѻظ˳̬ǲһ˱һ㣬ҷ֪ˡ 
ĬһطڣҲǿЦҵְ쵽棬˶һװȨ˵н񱣬·µġſ֣ԥһ£˿ȥ 
Щʪ妣ǺˮһǣôΪôһСᣬرĿҪֳߵĶԶԶھϵֻһǶŴȥġ 
жŮװװ߳⣬һˬͶޱȣطһ糣̬ղŵĲûֻĵʱ˶ôһΡطѲ軻ϺõҶ࣬Ҿ󣬼¶ǣȫˡ 

طĻܵԭ裬ֻīŨһ㣬Ǵ֮뻨ⲻơѱʸң˵ͿѻҳЦЦȻˣҾͿˣɲҪڡ 
һӶͣҺһý⼸ֱ㡣ٿط磬ѾŬʲôǹĶԲԣ 
ʫſǺ˳ڵġҶﰵЦ 
̵ؿɫĵ֣ǺϷǻưףʴƣڹ걳ϳ̦ 
תͷݺݵسңȷʫ 
ȻʫѹϣУ⣬Ļ䲻Һòײġ 
ҵοطЦݣһξȻǺĴЦֹ 

ҵľǺܺãһ㶼úܿ죬иܴŵ㣬˵ʱ־ѣ˸оû࣬˵ǰԴ֮֮Իû˿óû 
طȻҴ󣬵֪ҵʵҹȵЩ͸ԲˡһˣԵҸ糿¥ԼķʱֻͷʹѣƬζ϶صԺԽԽͷʹ 
ǰεΣϡǵطҶʻ˺ܶ࣬˵˺ܶ࣬˶ǰ˵ˣǽž⣬ǲ˵ôġٱʱƺͻȻסңӡУԽԽȻǴҵĴУһ 
ҾʹǼܴĶ¥ˣ֮ǶױҵʱǳԹԵǰҰŮˣϾȥӴǸѲ 
̫ǵõʱ˵ʲôؼǵֱصƵڴѹ˸صİСݶǾƳΪʪȵǵصϾϣѬҼȥƿȴôҲƲ˺þã˳ҴЬγһ̽Ѩŵ 
ӡܻСԺ 

ڴȥһһһëӽԺҾǰƣմմȻһ֮ڱˣŮҲˡ 
ǣȵȣʲôطס 
ϣҺֿط磬ӡУڱǸѹڴʱңȻת߳ȥˡ 
ҺȻȫزˣһǻþط粻¥ǣʹģʲôأ 
һǻþ 
𴲣Ȩķţ絽𣿡 
Ȩ˯شţһأͻȻɸ봫˵ҪһˣҸܵſѾˣһ仰˵ֻȥˣôģι㡭ôˣ 
ֻؿһŻתֿʼ 

¡Ҷ˭ 

һ糿ֱµθտҲǰðǣȥȥŲ¡ұȨӲסһ࣬δȻҿֹµҩ̳˻֮ززһֱӵׯ⡣ 
ط̬ȣҺܽ⣬ˡҪģһ¾ͺãֻǼɵС£Ȼ˵Σչ㲻ʲôǼг鷿Ϻڰ׽ӣеŵĲ㣬ľˡ 
طڴҡ߽ʱһ΢Цͷطɫƽ糣ֻЩ˼ңҿĴи΢΢ĻȣЦЦӦ顣ұģȴĿ´˸սҵ˵Ҳ̫壬ǲΣ.ЩɣߵЦˣרΪ׼ġ 
ҺȻã˿ǲ̫ҲûбҪģûиڵأҲѹᵽ¡ҲգΪʲôһҪأﲻЩھôҲ 
һʱ֪Ǻãŵ˵ͷƾԸطŤͷȥٿң̵ֻ˵˾䣺߳ 
Ҹšط˼ɫӣһȥӰҲݣɢžǧ֮ϢһţҸеĲĽϲµʮܡǰĺɫӰԽԽ죬ÿһ񵶿ͷŶͱˡҴδܹôǿƣμʱûУٴμʱûУԺûУҲӲ֪һӰ˵ͷҿϵˮһεµأ·ţҸоңطĺܲԾ 
ׯռعҵĵطֻп鷿ĸĵطѡҸطһţͷĲ˻ңҽɿ־ʱطͣ˽Ų 
ɫıӰת棬׵۾´ңİߴ̵ۣеԽԽʼˣ͸ˣǸѾΪѵطǸ˿ͻط絽ȥˣ 
˼أطڿˣ˵ضһƬ֣ͷƹӰͰȥһηʡָ̧һָҲŷֲԶȻֻķͰװ˰˷ķʣܼվڱϣֶ 
żһŨҵĳؿֿʼŻŵʱܼûжЦ 
ǸЦôӦЦƽʱһ̲ضȥôطͻָˡ 
ǸЦ 
Ͱʵʵڰ 
ҺȻϵ·ﻻϵģСض˵㲻ҪֻǿЦ˵˵н񱣬·µġ 
ұ˱۾ʱһƶӵʣôˣĹˣŷǸԼġ 
ôˣط˷ǳЦ飬ҵôһѵֻڴϲŻᶯ 
ڵط磬ѾҶԲԣ˵ʲô˵װף˹Ĩǣʧô 
һװסЦˣЦģ˵ĺܺã侲޹ÿ˶͸Ⱦ˳Ȼһ£漴Ϻ쳣ңôģ 
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סϵ϶ˮͬؼң·ڳԨ׹䡣 
࣬ôģôģôģ 
һƬңľȻԺظ⡣ΪҲµģΪû˻ʱ⡣ 
ұش 
ˮ˳Ųţ衣ط糯߽һĿı顣ñѳﶳϣ᲻أ 
ԺͻȻȥ㡰ĸסѣ֪顣ұ̫ţ¥ıʵ̫ˣҲŶСĸס֣˵رء 
ʵأ 
㲻˵ʲô𣿻ѾɾˣҪһ£ 
죬иڴвҪеԽԽ 
Ǻһڴϵģе㲻ͬǣϣӣҲġĸס˺ܶܶ൶ģʵ㡭 
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ط磬ֻһ¡֪֮ǰ֪˭˶Բԣһʼҿ𣿡Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣֻ£ֻ£ұʡ 
⣬طûлشֻееؿҡ 
˵ˡط磬ķǳʹ࣬˿ǰһܿĺܵԲԣ 
Ҳȥ㽽Ͱģɱҿڶ֡Ҷ΢Цһ£㻹ңŵĶ֪ģʹıҲ֪һ㣬ׯׯȴ˵ǲţһԡУҵ£ûȨܣϴ˸ˣҲ¡ 
žһһصĶϣұ˺üڵϡһƬðĽУҸеطקסҵڣҲɱ㣬һ죬ĸԸعڵϱסҵĽţ㡣ǽɢȥҿҲ΢Цδ˲΢Ц 
Ϻݺһƣתˡ 
ڵϴ˰Σܼ߹һʩ񣺡ƹȥҡҡͷվʩչṦֱׯţܼһԸ󡣵ſڣ˵һ䡰ౣءƺ˵Щʲôû塣 

·ƮƮ˺ܾãعʱѾվһǳϤСԺںڵС߷һͩգ۾˺ܾãҺǸһס˺ܾõĵطһκطĵط 
ƵݺһھԱ߷ľͰ˫߬סҡһͰˮһͷţûЩٴٽٴٽˮˮӱ䳹ǣܿʧȥ֪һô 
ϥھ̨ϣмӣ벻Լ˭ 
ࡣ۱ݣҵ壬һֱǳ۰ҡɵ뿪ʱҼǸˣңΪ˰ζҩļҵΪ˴뿪ŵΧⷸ˶Ľ䱻šʱ²Ҳ֪һУĬˡ 
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ʱѾȥˣˡһֱ룬ɱӦңֻ廤סңҹ񡣸ҲںңʹѾˣȴ޷ˡңҲ֪ҪοˡԼ 

Ȼط磬طŴıѩűѩĴ硣Һܺá 

Ȼཨһαˡǵڼأ쳷ʱһΣʱһΣڣȻԸϣһΡһΣһΡҵĿģʹû˸оŬúûȥǳŬΪʲôǲУ 
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Һ۾طʶ֪֡䣬ҰúҪڽǰĺܺá 
ģģǵƹѲʱĶԻ 
ΪʲôҪΪ׼װ㲻Ǵ㿴ҵЦ𣿡 
ЦˣЦֻܿһ£ͷĻͻˡʵǸǳˡ 
ҴΪҴС󣬴δ˵ҽ 
ҵͷǳ磺ûааǡ 

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ֻǰ¶Цݣûˡ 
Χ塢衢ůůĻ裬ȫûˡҲһдûдڹ 
ֻ֪Լسж·һǵԵȡǵط֣޳ָůģ˫ָɴؽҳªĴ̣Ѫ¿ʼʣһֱʵˮй̤ 
ط磬̫ɵ̫ݣ 
֪ĿңҲҪ㿴𡣴ʱ˿̣˵ʲôҲǡ 

ʹʣ֪ܿһĻҲùһ㣬ǵˮֻۿָɬϢаСڴͷһ̧֣պýסһѪţһڡ 

ص¥ʱѾŻصԼϵĵյϣѹһֽ磬缱һȥջȨ 
ҿЦˣȨҲˡ 

ڶ糿޷𴲣ǰѣʲôҲ壬һǧֻ۷˽У𡣻ڴǰȥȥпҪҩһһΡڴҲһС 
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۾ȫ΢΢һһ麹һŤͷηڴͷ˯죬ˣۡ 
ǲˣ治á˯ȥǰĻɿӿԺҲ̾˿һ۾Ȼ磬ˣ֪˯˶ˡǸȨСҲ֪ܵȥˣһֱŷ㲡ˡ 
ؿңۿȥۿҪ 
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ʵûθڵģǿе۾Ŭ˼ڡ漴ӿҺֵܿ硣 
żζڴǰ粽룬ҿʼЩԣΣҪæܶɣѾûˣҲȥϢϢһ¥񡣡 
ҡͷ¥٣㲡ôأҡ㡣 
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ҺȻط˵Ļһ죬ĸԸعڵϱסҵĽţ㡣 
ôȥˣط粻޶ȻҺúѹģһΡ 
ʹΣҵ۾ˣ¥˶Բԣׯʲô 
β˵ɫ˵Ҳ¶ˡ 
̾˿⼸̾ĴֵϹȥһꡣҶ𣬸ҰɣȻԼȥط硣˵ʱһ 
λǲ˵ƽʱ˵ҲޣǾҲ޵ġǾͺţ˭ò 
ʱۿ۵ɢǲ˯ڱ˵ˡ 
ǰҲҴׯĵڶ죬¥ѲطٸˣúԤף⧲¥Ĺ͹±׽ˡ飬ݹٸط硣ԵׯȥԵɣطܲ棬һЦúܺ书ܸߵĹܼҶ˵Ҫ£ͽ¥Ĵﵽ 

Σקҵֿҡһ˫۾˭ô۾Ⱦǳ 
Բ㡣һµģԣǧҪһҶʼһˣֻʣˡ 

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СЪƬ̣߽Ӧǿ쵽ˣһ࣬ɿ࣬Ӧһ̸ˡ 
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ˣҶͷ¶ȣһգҪˣ֪Ǿôġһ仰˵һһ٣쳣 
ϣǸһöͲòˣ˵ҵ˼Ѻѡ˽Σǳ̣Բ˻ػңͬʱҲθУۿ¥ͣҵ±Ѻһ٣Ҫǣ쳣ڴ֣ڹϵطڰӡôѹôãΣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ 
ȥô죿 
 
ۿҧʣ˺ιĲǣܿ࣬Ҳ̿򣿡 
 
̾һѾͷҶ֪ôãһΰɡ 
Ҫλҡͷط硭ΪʲôҪ鷳ô 
һʱؿһ£ղųԵθﲻֵӿæס 
ȻɵЦˣΪ뿪ԺԹԵׯȥֻҪ㰴˵Ʋ˹ϵطûΪˡһ¥žֱӳȥ˭ҲҲҵģ㻹ҵıô 
㻹ûкá 
ҿǴ򡣡 
ǡ 
ˣȥׯطҲôģֻҪҰƼҩĶѡε۾Ҳһһ٣һΡ 
εͷþòҿˮһεڴϣܿһƬ 
СΡ 
ηڴССسҭ˵˭Ҳġ 
ˣΣŮӦǱ˻ųŵģûõҡ 
ǺʱټأֻҪţһһõ쳲ϣ̧ŽȢ㡭 

˵Ҫ·ߣαƻԼֽ̿ʸдһⳤţһֱûлҲҶ쳽Ļαдˡʵԣϣ˵ڵ״ڵĴ˵дԷһĺ 
дͻȻһʯͷɶˬ¥ĴţҾҲ˼ˡ 
μҵĸףǸĿĸסҵȡģ˵ƵȻƣеƣƵƣ쳵Ҳȡģ˼ҴŲµõƵжȴһ쳳ͳͷزҲȷʵԳϣķŬ 
ĸЩģʽ޸ʱСĺӣһңһ쳣Ǹĸ׵ĺӣǡ쳵ĸĸѾˣҼĸ׵ĻǸɨü绪ĸˡ 
ĸ׶Ȼܺã֪쳸ã÷ǳȰĿԶԶ쳣ĿǸΡȥʱʮ꣬ҵеǰңһ㶼Ƿ쳺ܶණҪʱ㵱еƾͺˡĿƽ꣬˵СǸĺӣ㡣 
˵ֻĸף֪һֱһֱԹ㡣˵ĻܶԣҵȷȷǷ쳺ܶණű뽻 

峿𴲵ʱͷеΣԼһָֻапࡣҰŽΣ˼һ㶯һţֽ쳡ɫǿһ飺סһҪֽԼˡ 
ֻнΣҲŷģӣȥˡ 
εͷݸһɰҪڻ˵磬ʰһѾ͵ԭסĵطˣ뿪ȥȡɡ 
ʵû飬˵Цʮһ˸ʱ 

ʱǴϳˮʱ̣¥ش֮Ųϣ˲ĿԵȶδŻұ׳קʱſںܿɽ˺һˣŽкӦԼòҶӡʯӵȵֳϱز֮ǵض˹һΪ˲ģֽŲɲӹҽ˿̸ܵĿҳ˸顣޴˺ܿͷŶͷһʹһʯˣѪ˳ű乶£һֻ۾ĵĿậֱۣҸеԼݾ޴УȫȻɼ 
Ȼ֪ΪΣһƬľȻʲôоҲûС 
ŲȺȥȴԼܿˣһ͸£Ωб۾ȥֻ󲻱صڵϡ 
һ˶Ӧ֪ѱ¥Ӵ޹ϸˣҲһʵҲǿԵģˣѾطҲѾԼ 
Ҳ֪˶ãһнԶȥ۾Լһԭ·˺һģͷϵͲ֪ȥˣͷһȫգֻ㡣ӴŸûʲôطǼ⸱УǿֳƿˣҲϳҲųɡ 
ãһҷɻվɿ˼ӻȡȥȡɣٿԻһ·ϴɾȥׯ죬ѹ磬ǽǽһһŲȥǸ죬̫ϡţǰȻһƬӰҳԱһƹȥӰҲһȻǰˣüëϸŵ棬ŷһ˫Ь˳ЬĿһŲȥһɫĳۣһźܿоϤ˵ֻɫãһɷҶãڱϳط 
Ҳǵúվ˶ãĵصӦǬʣ컯գһ۵˺һŹʵ˻ţһԲһոձһ˼˶õͷҺȻκܿЦǳЦЦˣһϳЦˡط磬Ӯˣȫʤ𣿾㻹⣬Ҳûа취ˣҲֻЩˡ 
촽Ϻȴûü˵ʲô͵ضתǰطҲת㱼һ絽ߣǲ׵ģǼغһһһƬ޴ĺĻѹһжסˡ 
ļǵӲĴУȴͷһ̤ʵ֪ڣԽһˡ 

һѾͽ죬ʱʱȣ˯ио˲ʱȥȥĽŲҩ֭⣬кרעߣǱ˶ŵĸоܣ˵ٶ졣 
ſ۾ҾͿط硣 
һʵķһͬʵĴϣ޲ȣϸ˿౻뿪¥ʱ·ϴøɸɾ룬ͬ͵ĺɰƬ̲ҩƿһڴͷСڴ߰ţǶᵽһ˿Ϥҩÿ̽ʱһŵİҩݵһԶһԣطͷţڿ顣 
ȻȻһæ۾ͷֱӷǿ־Ͳʱŷ֣û׼ 
ҵӲܺãΪһ㻵ĴҶÿԼʳӻϵĶڵĻҿƽһεĲͲ鲻Ը˽ۣ̫ĹϵĿǰҪģסһ˵Ѭҩݷǳ֢ 
ţط绺飬վߵߡұ۾һŬҲһֻԼûѡվһȻָҵҲزһ£һװˣ֪ˡ 
۾ȥѾջת˷š 

һĽŲȨȨ첽߽ѾߣЩСˡ 
߰һСӣȨûпңְֻ˵磬Ե㶫ɡ 
ЩɲȨƽʱӵģط˵ʲôŨŨƣϮͷĬĬذӹ˼ھͳԲˡ 
ҰŻϣȨȰңԵòãûˡ 
Ȩǲαˣĵңһң¥ôˣָ𣿡 
ȨͷץѾȫˣͼҵˡ 
һʣȨȻţȳţһҪ飬ͷ㡣˵ŷɿˡ 
ĸоѾ߻վһԣֽйһЩɺãü֣ūʵڲ֪ 
һƱ𴲡Ѿ߾ʧعסƹӣׯ⼸ֻ˾´߶ 
ׯˣطĻʥּҲΥõģҪ˭һ˼ڵȻûѾߴۿҪشϡģһɨȥϵıȫɨڵأƹƹһ죺ȥٲȻͰطûУ 
Ůӻ࿴һۣȰƹӵׯʿɺãĪҪΪСġ仰ʶҪΪҪΪΪĸҡȻشϣñסȫؿһҵĽʹ 
Ѳˡ 

ӺȻƿˣط磬³ذϣ̽һţһԲҼѨ쵥Ҿõһȣһ˽ 
ۻ봾ϲֱҲ͸þơŴ˼һָ˯Ѩϣʹ˳硣 

ȷʵѾȥˣұ¥һȥġѹʱط˵߿ˡֻʣһӵűڴϣ֪Լô롣֪µͷȴ̫ͻأûܼһ棬û˵ԭңЩΣҪˣһֱǣҶǣϤϵûˣֻʣԼһֱΪֻʣҿҲ֪ܲƣسġ 
ùҵĺɰ߬ůɿֿ档ɰװƱһʮһԣһһծãһſԼ 
뿪治֪ô¡ԣҲõׯ¶᲻ֻȨ£֪Ҳˣô졣ңֻԽԶԽãһȥҿЦһ£ʱɲˡ 

䣬ת߰죬طÿһʱһ￴飬Ϸһ衣ǱҪ˶˵飬ҷʱҾǻȥһ̧ͷпþ۾Ȩڳ緹ʱңǻ࣬ʱҾȨҲ˼۹תתȥҪʲôƵġ 
ͣʱط翪˵˵һ仰𻯴ߡطЦһ𻯿ԣ߻ʱ򡣡 
Ҳưա 

ȻҪ֮ҸеطýˣʱϵĲ豭˾ƱȻ˾ƺ;Ʊ 
һ죬ϰһΧ壬طһһ߿һףվƺһӰϰڳݺύһƬƬʱŤͷҡ 
ʮǰҺ϶սٻغϣЦѾԻȻﵱϱӵ£ȻһƬֻŤͷȥ 
ҵĶ֪ôط磬ڵһվߵǰһѾסҵͷҿ۾ﲼ˺˿ĵһſǿ£˫۾ңҧгݣҲûãҲŹģΪû취Ҵûм黫ˡһһֻƺ͵غһھƣͷݺסҡ˵ǣ˵ҧֻ࣬ôһʹ촽ҧˣﱻҾյûأһʱ伸ϢƴȥȴôҲƲֽŶǯš 
ط̧ͷſʱʵһû뵽ѾƺһףѹϣʼӾһһǣֻҲʼؽ⿪ҵ½Ļˣ֣ط磬ˣҲϸѾ䵽ǰȥһֻ־̽ȥҽƣȴôҲûУҲҪҲҪΪʲôôԸ⡢ôû᣿һκ˻޷ܣһ־ѣֻ޲ʧȥʶźá 
ҵ۾ʼʧȥ࣬ѹϵ˭˭ǲࣿһƬƬӰǵ۾һǰֱʺ죬ǸһһѪҽ˺Ѿ֪Լںʲôˣؿпط۵Ҫըһ㣬Ѫӿӿ˳ʺɫҸ޷ơ 
ѣңңһᣬٱѹסˣһֻĨȥϵѪζҵļҸеԼһůĻ§סҡš 
ãһعһ㿴ҵˣط磬࣬һѾȥˡ 
طɫҰֽҴûɫôңǵһμһͷҵļϣ૵˵㡭Ͳ£ԭô¡ˡҡ 

ھ¡֮˿ 

Ȩ磬ȥ˵һ 
⼸æ 
ôĹǻ̳Ҿˡ 
С 
Ϊʲô 
֪ȥʱòã 
ǰֺֿҩڣž֪صҩġȨڴͷ˫°ͣҺҩƲҩζѬǲߣкҺĵ׵ļơ֪ҩˣܿȥõٶһµôͰ͵кӣװģô죿 
̲ס̾ˡͬĶԻظţÿζҭ޻˵ԭȴôãҶ֪Ȩƴ̫ȭط֪á 

һ죬ط籧ҺܾòϷ֣һлţĵûɵЦһǳԩѩһдͷβһ־硣ѣȻΪط磬Ҿֻȥڲķݣһϣʲôʣˡ 
ȥͻȻѰҷŻشϣˣǲֻϷ𣿡 
طң¶ʹ֮ɫ촽˶վʲôҲû˵ָͻȻ˼յҼѨƴҵıϣʼ 
֮طʱҵҰʧˣȨÿң絽 
ҲòϢ˼죬´߶ʱҾ뿪ˣӲҪߵĻѡûȫ϶ԣطȷѣ¶棬кȥйصĻͳͳȨƵøɸɾΪ̡ 
ȨÿôĲˣȻҲᷳǿ˵ͣ뷽跨˵ 
ʵڲ֪ɵҪôɫοѾȨȨ֪һ㣬Ҳ֪γһ㣬ÿ춼ҩ͹ǿȵطҪҺȥɡÿ뵽Ȩôȫǳطͷƣ֪ΪȨľӻΪطġࡱÿΰȨ֧ţ岽֮һܼҵЦҪΪҪΪ¶ɫְط 
ҿʼʧȥһƽׯһкΣȴٳ޷뿪ξȨĹģܼҵ⣬ѾЦȫΪطȫһãһģͳͳһ顣Ѿ޷ط硣 
ǶȻЩȻůԼ 
ȥǲеģһͷĲһ𱬷ʱ˵Ļ̲ס¶ 

Сʱϲڴڿϵƣ״ɫĪ⣬ƵƮʧҰչȻƮʲôطȥȫɷϵƶҲڣο˵˼ 
ҵ˼Ѿڲ֪ǣϵҵѶˣȻʹķΣڿǣ޹ҵ뿪Ҳ뿪ĵطҪȥ 
ҲԼٴαǣס 

һ죬Ȩһҩ˸ʱҼװһҩڵˣȨոһ㶣ָߴѨѨ˯Ѩ䡣ۿȨĴ۾ֻüһ˿㵣ͻˣЩǸ⡣ڴϣȥºЬ࣬ǺñӡҰҩƿյɰȨߣθҵİ߳šȻϻңĹǻҾȷˣЩȡҪ߳ׯ 
ʩչṦʹٿҲᱻ˷һׯ߹ȥ˼ǰһϣܼҵǰƹӣ 
ޱضܼңҽ𣿡 
ҲңֻƹӴ󲡳˹ͣڱִ߲١ƺģܼû¶Цݣ⼸仰˵ֿޱȡ΢΢һҶߡ 
ҿһ˫е۾ŲĹʣƽȻͬĺͷ޴ڣһһǻ˹ȥ뵡ĸоһ˿һ˿һһӿʵúˮһ㡣 
ǰٶס죬кβأ 
ƹӣô䣬ôůȥ˯һɣúЪЪ 
ģУԶģֺڶߡúЪЪȷǻûЪȫûʲôɵ˫ůУȫȫΪ۾תȥˡ 
űߡડһ죬İڵϣմΪʰİʰʱӦһԶԶ뿪ׯ뿪ꡭ˸սʱѣ֪ΰһҺɵ΢ַ̧ɳȡԷ˫Ŀ 
ܼȻûϵҵķ֮죬æʹţϰƽƽ׼⽫ܹȥһ¼ʵ˷ˣԭûˣö뿰䵽ǰȴ˫˫ڿй˸䣬һһײһͬʱ׹ء 
һѺʰĳЩӶչˣлˡ˵ų˹֣ٲߡ 
ܼ̾˿ŲȻǰˣСĲǿֻƹȥׯһΣׯЩƢɻúܡ 
ֲûҹһط磬ͷȻһ𣬲뿪ѣô飡߳ÿһƣ˼ھƵһߣܼ˳ҵһһ˲ֶ˶ԭλ߶һ˿ЦƹӣС䲻֣ҲҾʹ˽ߡ 
⵹Ѱ졣һ˿֮Ҫʵڲѣҳָ磬£˯Ѩû⣬ĴȨһģһֻȨ˯ڴϣֻڷˡ 
ǶԲסˣʹ˱ҳһЦ˻ҡ 

ôˣкϴôͻȻϤ죬ܺȫȴرˣתͷȥ֪طվҾȻ˿ûвĽӽѹܼҿϹԹҵѨ 
ҽӲػعее㷢Լûá 
첻طɣֻ۾·һĨ㲣Ȼ˯òôá 
ӦһԲҵ·ģʲôأҪȻֱ˵ҪߣҪĹǻ̳Ҳԡƫƫȫ޴ָӣ֮ǰ㵱ǵģһ澹ӡʱųģĵ׷п־壬񣬻һЩɬɬԼҲ治Ķ 
ĬΣطͻȻЦˣ벻ľôãܼҵκ㲻ã컹˵ٵϢʮµġ 
ܾûЦˣЦȻܺÿһ˿ǿֻŴĿʱܻѩ趼ɱҲ޷ȥůΪһ˼ˣ־塢ɬɬһȫʧˣͷһƬղɢĮƣ롣 
ƽضҾĸڸôãͷׯĸĹǻҿɺã 
طעңϵЦݽˣòŶȦӣ֪ңԼҵģԹ˭Ҳԭ£Ϣ𣿡͵͵ģĵأڿˡ 
ʱҲ˵һˣ˵һ㣬ҿ϶ǳǳԾģҲһжڣʲôоҲûУֻԶԶġȻˮ΢ˣһ¡ׯԸǻңȡˡ 
кˣҲˣҲٿֳׯžٲ 
һ룬ط粻֪վڸǰʽܼһޣ˭˭ѧĲҪҪ·̧ͷƽƽؿ˵ÿ 
طûжһĪķ꣬ɴЦһط磬Ҳյû뵽裬ˮѿô 
طδţȻǲÿǰԽԽֻһ֮࣬ȻЦˣֻһȫЦ⣬Ц÷Į˵£ָȥŰɣѲŵˣ쳵¶ңԭûţƽƽȥˣ֮λɾˡ壬ͰҪȥɱΪһȥ̹׸㣬ڲߣҲգҲգ߲˵ġһۣ㿴ѣʵ·Ų£ˮˣ㻹ң 
ʲôʱֻҪԸ⣬òĿ˵ֱʹ÷ĻһһΣ¶һԭҵĴʹڣûŹҡ˫˪ѩ۾һ˲䣬Ҿȷʵں޵һѵһֱ̹ȥѪϷɽʱﷴĥסĶ۵ʱͣҴһ 
ʹʲôأ 
֪Ǿ仰ʵ˵ˡ 
Ҹ޷ԭ 
ķƻӿɱӿؿڣ֪ԼʼʧȥˡųˣûνŮɱҲͷءˣӦʹŻˣģѾ˲ˡ˺һһָͼѾɵСڶյºҵİȫ׼ģ֪Ҳõֻİѣ͸ط磬һѣҪԼ 
Ȼˣаɡ 
طϵЦ⣬ɫ㾫ӮҵĻɣڵ״̬һҲЩʱߣʱҾ㡣 
ҲȥҵֻһһӮΣģֻҵʬ塣 
֮һǾߺһһȫһ㣬ʩų޼᲻ݡ֮ŭʱԶϳΪҲ˿طеվٺЭ磬һһϣ¶ 
һƬžҾصһֻ΢΢һͷͬľܰվţƤķ粻ԼˮһӶ»ķ綯ӣȵƽճʵ˿̷ȫ£˫ƴҵȷʵǰˣûжãϵʼˮʪȫ麹ƾһ֪ԼܳһӣȵΪ̵ʱҪˡ 
һƬžУطȻ̾˿̤һ 
ˣƴͷԶø죬С϶ųһֱֱɶȥȥƼ磬ֱȡʡءطֻüһ£СŲ˹ȥʵʵҼʣֱûѪʱ£Ⱦʪ½ 

ûڶ߻죬סˣ˵ԼӵģУжԼİǲιģεİ 
ŶҩȻ飬һ൱ԵĶҩһգ۵ĹطѾʼ͸ûаγӣֻǿٵص˴ΧѨͻңҿֶǱȽԵģܼұѨվĵطҲ൱һξ룬Ҳᣬطֻһʱʱɻ 

ôһҴվţȲ֪Ӧô룬Ҳ֪ôʱ˿̣ҾվŲôµط磬˲׵öͨͨŰϡ 
طɫƽó棬·״ԤϣŵĮͳʲˣֻеؿңһҲϷʱҡʲôҲ˵һֱղţҺúòҡʲôʱ棬ʲôʱǼ٣ټҷֱֲֻ֪ƭһΡǰص˸һ⣺ģʲôΪҾû취Сˣ 
϶ʱۣط绹ûжҲû˵Ȼƽ̹Ȼҡ˿ϵĺѪѾڴΧŽ͸Ѫ½󣬿ȥ˵ذۡ 
Ҵ֣û˼й顣֪ҲϲɱˣԼ׼˰Ҳ˽ҩҲûôģҰҩƿǰԭƻȥ 
ոֱͻȻסһڣһǯסˡطֱֱֻЩӺ涾ѾдŸ㿴ʮǰٹ߰ͻᵽˡ 
һط˫̥ãǸҽ˫ڴʲôˣԸ룬Ϻݺݵһ£ֻ֣Щ޸ɡ 
طûץң뿪ֻߵҩƿңִҪߣҲߣҲõġ 
֪ΪĿһϣһ̵ֲĸоͷҲһأҲǸҩƿҴҶһ䡰ò㡱ҲƵرׯֻĿһֱβҡ 

̫ţ·ϵҲͷҲصǰţֻͣһǻǰǰǰ˰죬ѾƣȴҵطϢҺ޺޵ҧ´ڶʮһ̧ͷ˿̫ٿ˿ԶׯΪʲôߣҵĽ˩˸Ӳɣ 
ȥͻȥԶԶһֻۣҪǸĲԭ˾С 

طȻԭأͷ΢΢ţһ߽һѾû֪Զҩϵطţûж 
Ҽҩƿ֪Լһˡ 
ҾҸҺݣҸݡΪ黫˰γϺϵĵӣϾҩۣǿĳ嶯þȫһƣӰԴѡ 
ֻ뿪ѣΪʲôôأ 

һʱûлô죿 
Цúһֻոյõɵĺ꣺ҴСͷʳֶҩôϷѣٵʱ㲻̷˵׽㣬궼ûͱ׽ 
ʱʼƻһֵģ 
ȥʱʱġ 

ʮ¡ĺĺ 

۴Сÿ춼鷢ЩǰźȻЩȴӿʼȫĪ˰˼⡣ 
˵Щʱִ뿪˼Ǽ޿̵ĽӦһôʱ˿̣±û˯˺ܶķ䣬ůıڴ£ֻܹΪڶ 
·ˣˣҩݵζ䣬ׯǽʵæһӣȨ۽ǵһһۣ˵ֻǰҩһһţֻöһںȸɡҷ֣͸ΰİۿܸһЩֻط粻۲ԶԶûô飬ڴڣȻܺáϵ˿Ѵˣֻһһ׽ӡһʱ᲻̫ȥղλ׷ԲԵϴ򿴵ʱòҩˤϡ 
һ˿ǸҲûУʵϣеٴ򼸰ơܻȰҷǳɥڣҼȥҧˡȻĿǰ״ǣȨұط磬һƱصһ 
ǿڣ˯ˣҪҪҲȥ˯ 
˯˯£ûšȨһȥҾҪţѾ˯ˡ 
 
طְҴ±ǣվ̤ʵһ£߹ȥȡ˱飬Ȼԭλ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ۣôˡ 
ֻ˯ŵġ 
춼ˣ߿вУҾ 
ղŵҩߵҩݣ۾ˣŬ̧ƤһۣŲӰȣǻܾúܾá 
һ̣ 
ʵҲǷǳҸ飬ת˲ŵҸ˯ȥҾЩѡ 

һǱȸѵģɫȫ˯أϰԵ뷭˯һһ;ʲôѹϣһȻֱۡ˸սֲԤУ˿ֱ۲һߣط 
ǼԱǼ⣡ 
£г̫ûˣŲ̫ˣӺӶ˵ҪһϣԼľǰطŴӡ 
ͻȻһקط˯ɵذѱԼϣƶһ£ֱ§סҵ𶯣һû˯ 
գգ۾գգȷԼûиׯס˰µķ䡣˴϶˸ط֮⣬һƽʱûʲô 
֮ǴŭĪ˸ˣͬһﻹȥ˿Բɫ̣ǸҲңοұ֮Ψֲط硣ҰԱһˤѱӴϰԼϣ˼£װˣ֪ˣȥ 
طû۾ֻ߿˿һס˳ƽڱϲ£˯ҵ˯Ѿһ˿ʣһֻÿɰݵĶеЦãѵҲֶ֮һΪ˱˯òôɣҲҪˡ 
ͷ룬ҷشİΧгһֻ֣嵽£ʱָλεġĸѨأѨΣʱ亹졣ط羲˯ҾԼڸɻ¡ǸƤ˯ǵѨѣѵҲɻ£ 
ϣӡİӡ 
ǵ羮߻ˡ 
ոմ⣬Ͼһط绹Ǳ۾ֻѸסҵţ𶯣Уӻҡ 
ȥ1һɼ·磬Ҿݸе㷢 
һҵķ䣬ҵĴѾø˯˰£ڶϴ԰û˯һþô˵ҲǸ˻ƹӣͲܶҿôԣѱӷһ롣е㺬壬ǾװģΪŴǯһֻشڴϡ 
һﹻȫˣ벻ҾȻռׯԷأ֮㲢ãߵԶԶģ侹ȻطԷʵأҴû˼£´ŴϼȻ˯˸ط磬Ȼ˯ˣҾǱηĹϣûأطָƫƫԽԽһӲǰ˺ֱקϻĻ 
קҵ֣ȻճѾްʵûȫãһһʹϮǰһðڴϣƴҧԼʹҲûãֻöͷһε亹 
طɿҵùֱ۲쿴ȻʹͷۻҲܸеĶǳСġȵʹֹǰɫĹɢȥˣҿһԷ׵Ŀգڴ㵣ĵضң۾ǸҲڲסƺû뵽ӦðЩҿһ 
еܣˣӦöûжˣҲֻҺһ㣬صûзʱ򣻿һܾܾ;ܾܲͲͲˣԹǺ˵飬ûô 
ֻط磬ԭȱһЩ޷ͻĶԣЩ飬ʵ 

Ҷ΢΢һЦû£Ҳ˰գ 
Ĵ䣬Ҳǣһ˿΢Цϧˣ㲹ҵʲôΣ˵ŷɿصͷҵĴһ£ת¡ 
ҪĲ֣񡭡Ҫһ˯һ֡ 

ǿµһ죬ϴҩҰط绻ҩׯĴ˵ĻǼׯģȻ´ 
ָʲôʱִܵԼʲôʱܻصšˮǧɽţ֪·ϰȫȫνӵģһҲʱͨŮװݣʲôӲǡ 
ǲģУŽˣ 
Ȩһֱû¶棬ǰʱĳ˵ҽȥߣСҶ˼ꡣ仰ûжط粹һ䣺ӲĸԼ˯Ҳ˯ڻ 
һеɻȨҪʲôطֻζЦЦ϶˵Էǳŵƴ˸ǷʾҲŨ 
ƺ˯죬ȫ޷ӦǸûᣬֱ˵ѻΡ 
㻹˴¥ĺ𣿡طú򣺡ϧѾڽˣ㲻֪¡ 
ȻǲУһӲ͸ҵ⣬ҧҧ´һ仰ôҲʲˣشġʱʱԣһⱲҲġ 
طվ΢΢۾ĴڴͷʽôԿġ 
ܲãǳõԤУҲӣ֪ڴʲôˡ 
ȻԹ˯֪飬֪޲ԣ޲˵žЬϴһޱ˳֮§סҵ 
ҲһƿƱ𴲣ط磬˯˯ˡҲˡ 
һֱס㲻֪ŵºεˣ 
ֻûʾͺá 
Щֻ֪Ȼ϶˵Ҳ֪˵Щʲô 
 
㲻ӦҲ´û´Ļ𣿡 
 
Ǹҹĸ˲˯ġ 
 
һֱΪɹ֮˱֮طЩ֮ȷܼġУݡ콫˹ҲĵׯӢۣʵΪ˶ദϼ£Ӧһλ٣̵Ĺ򶨻¯ࡣ 
ǣׯҸ˯һֱ˯ʱ˫ֲãһֻҵϣһֻҵ֡ҶԼȻԺҲ˯ȥһ㣬ͬͶأֱȥҧˡ 
ʱطѾˣһһǼԱǼ˵״ұܵԶԶһǴһȥ 
ط۽üҾǴ磬ȾһҽԴŲһ£Щ˿ɫʱˣ˯úô۲ۣ 
ʲôˣһɵؿĿ 
ұôã᲻᣿ԽԽ飬ԽԽҾģ༦Ƥ 
㡭ʲô 
ҵĻš顱һˣȨվſڣһĲšط磬ٿңػؿ˼ΣϵĲŽģ۾ʼһˮʡ˭°۸ˣһط硣Ϊ̣밲οԵɣطȴһˣ֮ǰôţʲôӡģһ㶳˵ı˪ 
Ȩ˵۾ˮ˼ڵε֮תܣŶ˹ء 
ҺݺݵصطһۣʲôܰطſڣұñȸղŸһЩæңҲзݵġ 
Ƶ̾һҲûа취ЩϲҲòõİ 

֪飬һֱϵƵʱ̸ֲ 
һǰȥţԤʮ󵽴ط˵һֱ׿ڸһаõĵڶ죬뿪ġѾ·շƽ 
˹գкξģ 
طҡͷ£ÿһģλСˣԸ˶ѣȻ΢΢ЦƳһۣҪ㡣 
ûд𻰣ҵıܸңط̽ⷽǲǵġ 
һƬңжгĸϳĴƼ漴ʼ³ɺ޻ŹĶǺ͹»ϵطͣаԽԽеȴȽƽȴʱ 
ü˵ɼ䡢رǰ׵ɼǺǣ˵ģе¸صǰ֤±Է֣ͨſսǽںڰ֮䣬׵׵أڵڵءһսʼʱãôֻͼˮ֮ܵõôѡڰ֣Ҳز˼ȳɵˡ 
ʲôڴнͣ쳻ˣ 
ҶԽ飬ֻѣֻҪҴ棬ԶԷȥ޸ɡ 
һ㲻̫Ծ 
ط磬ȻҪǸ⣬˴ǣƣΪλ鷢չһ 
ھ⻹ھУҽ۾ 
طɫĮȫȫǸ˲һµһׯׯˣ 
֪طȾСʱׯвͣ˴֮ң˸Ųɡ 
ʮǰƹ֮ƽ̫ˣһ֮࿹ɵģȥɡ 
һ仰Ѫˣҹˣ˯ɡ 

Щǿͷģȷ˵˯ԴÿطҵڣİõһǧΡ뷽跨δʼյһħһɡ 
֪طҪ׷һЩҲҪһЩµĶΪҵʱºͶġҪʲôأ 
ЩֵƺҲиָŲ֪ʱ򣬾£ң˵˵ЦЦûиõİ취 
Ȼÿ޵ϣǼԻ־ұӱ§סңůֱۻңȵıϢڶḡ̰ЩůҲЩů޷޷׿н٣Ҳ޷ƿ 
ΪʲôòŲµأ 
ûõģط磬ûõģſ֣Ҫٶôˡ 
ƺⲻ֣ҲߴңֻǾصš 

ط磬㡭񲻾Ұ˶Ϻ˯ͬһŴϡ 
ûзǲࣿ 
Դˡ 
ûõģҲ֪Ӧڴ 
ΪʲôôִţӣҶù 

µҹϨƻ֮˭Ҳ˭˵ڵĻϿԲ֪˵ 
һԺ˯ʱطͻȻˣ͵͵ģе˯⣺ڱԭˡ 
Ȼÿ˯ÿ˯Ӧûڱɡ 
ĬãҼҪ˯ʱˣ 
¥赹һΣұġ 
ᣬҺġط̾Ϣ´˵˶ܲô̼ġһֱκã㱧ôᡣڣˡ 
ֻǼƽĻѡΪʲôôжûáҵӦöˣΪͻȻұñȸղŽܶࡣ 
һعͷļϡ 
ȥǰȥԺ󣬴ʱ˿̣Ҹġ 

һΣطǲҲָо 
ֽĲڴУˡ 

ʮһ¡Ҹ 

 
ǡ 
һòŻɫޱȣ书¿ޱȵ˫̥ãط˶֪飬һͬʱǵϣոµ֣һңдۡ 
ƣ³ԲҾӶࡣ 
кҲֻܼҳطֹһ䣬ط߳ȥˣһһأһһȥʱһһ˫һӶˣδı 
赭д䣬طһ²ؼ濴ϷȥˡͻȻԼ¹ڲͷɢҵذаطĴϣޱȵضſȥľᡢòεŮӲ֪Ǻá 
طͬ꣬üǰͼˣǰ˿ȥҲͺҲü䣬۲ӯӯͶˮ˳ӯ͵ĽŮֻ˫в˿ͫ͸żس죬ϸǿġ 

Ǹţô˵أˣﲻһŮӡҲãצҲã緭飬졣ĳμֻһʿݡ䤱 
λҹŮ΢ЦŵҲ֪ʲôԼȲҲţ֮Ŀ⽫£ңǰǰ˸飬רע̶ȿȶĻŻˡƺеˣô 
Ͽʼ亹 
Ҿôüëжٸ˵ʱ΢΢طӯӯһЦǸŵ˰硪һͻȻץסطڣĶŵҧгݣ겻ԽԽȥˣȻΪһ˰ǧеһΪմδɩӵһƬ½ˡ 
ط翴һۣЦִû˵ŮԼܹҡ 
᣿ǰֽдšҪˡٺڰҡᡯһ㻹ȥ˰ɡЦţֻȥڣҶˣԭ㿪ʼϲ˰˵ûܡԽˣҵĴڽӴôأѲɱҵˣ 
طȻЦôдôô 
ǵҲǣ磬̹׸ҡҪˡǸеĻǸҼ˶һüӱؿ죬ǺǺǡ 
Ǻǡ˻ëǸʲôҼ˶ܣ治طá 
ҪŵˡطסңϱϷ㻻һı顣 
ƤѸðҺȻֶ·ӵĳ嶯ﾡǻ棬ȥҲͰˣƫƫ䲻ңĪԣ̫ˣԽԽܾԼϽһ𽥳ε 
һ㣬һ㣬ҲɫسƹȥطԶһȽϺáŶ£ڼϵĴ־һҽԭá 
е㶯ˣʲôӣһҼֱѾطˣҲΪôģǡ˿̲˵ǲлˡһѸޱȵһطĻϣֻһʱˣҳ˻Ųһ£롣СȡЦˣֲƼˮ֮ϵ΢Цȣ¶κ 
𣿡ϸضסҵ۾һ˿ҲŹ˿۾ˮִ̽Ѱ̽Ѱ˵ٴð亹ҵĴ 
ǡİüë΢΢𣬷ǳüɫ裬û뵽ҸҲи㲻ˣ 
ûŪҵ˼һҷǳɡ 
طһۣƳһۣ̾˿ 

ôа취𣿡 
𳳣ٵȵȡ 
ҿڴͷڴǰĺľϣطԶһ㣬վڴһߡ 
࣬ʳָָָѾҵϴһ֮ãȵֳȥ˷ƤҰͷȡöѨͷγʱѾɺɫ 
ҡԶУеָڱ˳żһһߣѾ֪ҪʲôˡָһͻȻһ࣬һİϤʹʱǣץסŲԼµ 
һ˫ȶַסңƻԭλط硣 
𻷻˽ۣ¶֮˺úݵ˼ 
𻷻ڻĽߺ߶ߵĶݣ˾µĶѬټϱĶԣɾѳѽ涾ǻһʹã̶ȿǿ 
ƽʱõҩԼƵ𣿡 
ҵͷҩƿﵹһݸѩΡꡢϳΪҩɵġСĵڱᣬü˼૵ס𻷻ϳݵסѩι̱Ԫǻ 
ǲҲ֪ûа취 
һ벻ס̧ͷ𻷻Ƕɢ֮ȴ뾭澭⣬¶ַ˼ 
ҿЦӻ 
ط廰ˣֻҪ˵βξͺá 
Ȼεġ΢΢һЦֻƹжѾãҪεøɸɾⲻҪһֽţ֮ҩּѵãһʲô׵ 

Ȼ˯һ𣬷ЧطĻ˵ạ̊́ԽܣԽľΪá 
ΪʲôǱԵأѵп£ 
 
˯𣿡͵͵شӱ 
Ѿ˯ˡסڣУôؽҡ 
ϲء۵ˣҰУҲεġ 
ΣҸܳ 
Щӡ 
롣һ㣬ٶȶԣκӦÿԵִˣһлôأҲȼ죬ЩϢ 
һֱϵĶʲôַµģҺټô񡣡 
ͷˣط磬Ѿǵˣôڰҹ˵û꣬˯Ļͱڴϳˡ 
ͽСҹ˽ʱ 
͡ 
ʫǾʲôţԸ 
޿̡ 
˴ʱ䣬Ӧÿˡһĳ˴Ӵϱߵϵ 

ˮ죬ˣ򿪴ӣʹǶ죬Ҳᵽ㡣 
֮ûܹˡ 
ȥ㵽ׯĴߡ 
һ΢΢Ц 
Ǵ˪ͤͻĺõط 
»ô澡ǻҺҸСʱ֪˶ݱ 
ׯ۶Զڣ԰֣ССʯ·ζµˮĿˬ塣ľ浣£ϧ֪һֻɢô򵥶ѡ 
ⲻ֪ɾɫת书ϣȻȻ书תϣǳǳ΢Цţͻʵ˵󷨣˵һʮǰƹƾΧԭɸʮʮҹڸֻ裬һȫˡ֮󣬴㱻Ϊµһ󡣡 
һһ̸ʲôˣΪط硰ϲ˵飬ԭȫƫˡһʱ䲻֪ηӦֻҡͷ 
֮֮ԭѾ˶ֻҪһʹϵĶȻȼߣȫޱȡ 
Ȼҡͷֻ⣬ȻŹң 
ׯԭĵֲֻݣˮʯʮʱ䷽ŲɴԸȥƹֻѣѵõġ 
ֱˣò 
ˡŬһͨ΢ЦЩˣȥ𣿡 
ֳһĨǸ⣺Ѿˣ㿴ǰǡ 
˳ָȥǰһƬ룬´¼ˮľʯӰӣϤİʲôоأʱ˲ãﲻׯǰţȻվģǰҡ 
һ񺮴ĵӿתۼռ֫ٺҽԭأһҲˡں£ȷ˵ǿ־塣ΥģɽԽûĿ־˷ҰΧ޴ӡ 
Ǳǿ¹ģҲҪٿνµһ󣬿ڣҾվǰá 
ع۲ҵɫסҵ֣תǻȥɣ̫ˡ 
תһ뿪ëȻĵطÿһҪѺܴ 
ֻ 
벻һׯ֪ǲΪټԵʣ䣬ĵҲ䡣ԽأЦˣµûҵжһȫǶϲõҪĴˣ˰ɣ 
ɫ䣬Ȼݲȣһ֪ΪʲôжΪʲô󣬻УΪʲôţҸŲʣȴ̣Ը𣿡 
ʣҲԲжȻ¶ȻǱƽȥģʲô˵ġô˵⣬ȷʵطãٰ 
ˣôô̽ѹŭԶߴһůһֻưסˣط磬ȻҲڸ 
һһɣһܾǣңǲʤ̿֡ 
ŭ˦֣Цλ˴αضһʡҲµòʲôˣƫƫҪ̽ҪԼ˵˵Σ˵ΣͳͳֻǾˡ 
Ϊһһ٣ն˵߶ŶգҸˡ 
仰˵ڣԼҲһ 
һƬžУҿطɫȻˣ촽⶯ȴһʱûпڣ۾Ｑٵһ˿ʹȻֻһ˲£еʧȴޱȣޱȣֱҵ͵س鴤һ£Ҳʹ 
ĮģԵģƵģģȴûģǴ 
¶ 
ΪһҾȻˡ 
ʵòô嶯ģΪңˣҡڿôźã 
ʱˡϸƵһߣǰһ˶ǰǳǳһЦҸʮ·Ĵϵ꣬ʹŶеһ䡮ǡߣδ̫Ʋ˰գ˵Ϊ񣬡ҽи񱣬Ū岡޴֣κֲ˵ֻ뷨̽ƹӴ˴ͱˡ 
ǰ磬һӣɾ̫ɵˡ 
һƲʱɢȥల¡ 

ҹ˽ʱ 
ִ͵͵΢΢ȣת𣿾ͽϣҪҡ 
ʱ˯⣬֪Ϊ˿˳ӵط̱αסýģܾԼĻֶĸоӿ죬ǰôأ 
ط硭֪˵ʲôá 
ͷҵļϣԸоһͷӾϹġ 
˵Ǹʱ˵ǣʱԲ᣿ 
ҴĲ֪Ӧǵģȴ޷ĴڡǰӲʵܸˡ 
𣿡ӵסҵֱԽһ£ַˡĪĨҲʲô飿 
ǵģ㲻ǡҲ룬ͳˡ 
β 
㻹ǵõһμʱ˵Ļ𣿡 
ҡͷˣΪЩЦľֵüס 
һ̾Ϣͳͳ˵ˣ㲻ǵҲá 
ĬһΪٿڵʱֳˣǰȣĻٶˣҲЦˣ֪ȻǰͲ̫˵Ц 
㡭ܻظǰôŬҲУ 
ǱʱҲ뿪ôңʵڲġﷳԲȥġ 
㲻Ҫֻҵ׹ϵΡ 
һһ䣬ֹ·ҲӦĻһֱ˵ȥƽʱܲһ 
һ˿һ˿زţЩط磬ýƻǱôһ˵ˣ̫֪ôˣ֪ôһǣҲᱻȫһҲѱȫ򶯡 
ȻЩϾҵһһڻҡ 
ӵ￴һܲ󻰣ǣϲ¡ȶƳϢһƬڰ֯һҰСҹӦǲˡ 
ط磬ҸǰŵɡȻô׿˵ôֻҪ˵ģҶԸ㡣 

ʮ¡˹ 

ʮǰиƹǸȺ۵Ľɣʵۺѷа֮Ʈû˸֮жԡƹƧϣԭͻҲǷǡ 
ȻɺȴʮΧѪսʮܣһճĺҲɱˡԭȻʤȴҲʧأѪζĹңôҲҲҪĶ໥ָڧһδ֣Ӵԭսһꡣʷƹ֮ˡ 
˵ҪĶؼһϵ书ͼףصĹ̫ѧ֮ɣ޷ϧʧ֪ô˷ųϢ˵ⱾͼԶԭƹһʱ˵硣Ϊԭ֮أӦ˳ǰȥȡءŰɣƫһģȣݱڵйΧƹ̬ơ뵽˺Ѿⳡһڲڶ书ͼ׶ˡ 
ƹܹ֮ƽϢҪΪɶԪˣٴи书ǿŵ¼汸ֳ⣬һּԺ͵ִᣬԴ˳˵ֽݡ 
ط綯˶ƺе㲻ֱ˵ҼֻϺ겻ˣƫҪȥЩ綼֪ˡ 
Ҳ˵ʵƹˣûȫķһãǸԲŮӣú 
ƹʱûˡڻһһСӣ޸ŵԽ 
ԣͼȥġ 
ʱӤСӣһȡ쳣һơ 

ҵļҺţţûطҲС֪ûиĸǱģǰһ᲻ԽеԽС׸ϲңȻôĺӣҲĸ׸ϲ쳣۾Ǹתϲͷ 
ҵԽֻʮΪֹһ꣬ĸˣʶҸó 
Һһ𳤴п˶ܳɫ쳵书Ըһ㣬ҽǿһ㡣е˶ΪһΪһţΪŵĶӣֻǸ˶ѣǴҶάң쳣ֻζҺһͬʡҴСǴҹעģ֪ʲôζ˾ҽػкܶû˵ĵطվԹ벻ƽ 
ĸȥԺ׵һֱãǰҲʮ꣬ˡȫԪϽеǰһεš֮ҵ£ңҪС쳣ǵƹĶӡҲ뵱ƹ֮ңһ֪ԼȻᱨţҡΪɵİΣ쳲ҸɱҲΪֳȥһ 
Լĸ׷ģֻҪһͲ֣ܶҲôڲϰµǰ˵ҵʶ塱ĶӡΪεδţ˽һߣԴΪء 
죬ҴӸ׵ķʱ쳡쳾ڸ׷̨ϣ͵͵شͷᣬһһڵϡҵʱסˣԺûһᣬ񾹿޳عҲ˹ȥס븸׵ķԶĵطһᱣ㣬ûһë쳰ƿҡҡͷҡҡͷ̵Цˡ 
ǸʱףһѾˡ 
쳴ǲСǰͿʼɫзչԼˣ֪뵱ţԸ֮¡һεֻǸһõɣҲĺ· 
ȴ뱣סǴСֻ֣ҪģҶ 
Ҿİ֮λø쳡 
ȥŵĹأͷߣžҪλΪ飬ҹдö֮λţΪԼʰȥ쳡 

ȻͶ˶ҩƽȻԼţطսֱۣЩۣһø 
˵ȴͻȻɤЩʣֻõ˵ͷ 
ؼǵ쳰ƽʱ˵ĻҲɱģҪÿÿʹػţңڵռλã߱һС 
ʱͻȻЦ 
ط糤̾˿ң֪Ϊʲô̾ 
ҡͷ 
һʵ̫ˣҲ̫СˣȻΪõŵ֮λˣֻǸոտʼѣ˴֮Ҿ֤ 
˵ûǸʱȷ̫ˣС쳵ҰģҲС쳾»µԹ 
ڶ㻹Ƕ顣 
 
쳵̬ȺĸȥͱˣһˣĸǲǶ˵ʲôǷģ 
ȻȴǸĺˣȻ㸸׵ҲǾͶһߣ֮Ҫƽװ֮λãԶԶ뿪СĵطǺٺҲòɣ 
㺦㲻㻹ôģҪȥͻȻ뿪¥طУӦС 
ˣҪ˵ˣȥ죬ȴҧһָŵæ֡ 
вֻһ˺Ҫ飬ܡ 
 
㲻ϸ𣿡 
ǲϣǲܣȻĬ 
ôºˣĻʵ²̫ͨ 
ǰЩʱͿʼˣҵЩʵҵܲ⡣쳣Խĸ׵ĺӣƹѪĸΪǽݡռλãԲܺԥػԲžöǷ˵ö𣿡 
 
ң㲻ƽ֮ޣǸΣҲеǰ취Լ䵽ֵزݲģҲô漸ַ֮ģȰԼڰȫľزǣôôɵأԼһ£ 
һ仰ǳº͡͵ڷӦ֮ǰˮѾסڱҵ˵½ϡ 
Ȼ뵽ˣط磬㡭ĺܴ³ˣҺܲû³һʧһ˰ܲĺۣĸǰң򲻵ѣҲ˵һֱֻܰŽʮ꣬Žˡ 
쳼ţֻңĸ쳻Բ˵鵽زչ֪һʼԼѡͺˣҾͬ쳽ݡĸźģôֻΪ˱ңҲΪ˱ƹ֮ҵԽԽ޵ŵԼֻǿ쳣ҡƭΪλҪأԶܵԼ֪¡ 
ط磬㻹ǵǵһμҵ㵹Ĳ£ָҪҡǸʱʵ뿴ݵŮӣۿǸƹ֮ӮҵĶӣǸʲôˣʲôӡ 
Щ£ղѡǣ֮ĴҵԤϵľ˵ԵֻǵģһһϵҲûС 
ˮһεβס£ڣɶƣת۽ʪһƬҸеطĴʪϣһһţһ飬ĴҵģþòȥڰοҺ۾ȻֹסȪӿᡣˣ˿޹㷢йһҲ 

峿۾ף²شȨһñۣܾЧ 

Ϣ쳣磬ڸɣԼʮպսɽʤܣɰԺ͡ 
ֻȻиϢģ۴䡣 
֪ѾյҵţҵѶϢڵһȥҲׯ붯ˡ 
ŭֻϧŭҲ˹˹ģûʲô֪ˣоݾͺãαس;棡һҵҩԡݻơ 
Ȩһȥۿȫ巴ԣСùĹĵġ 
طֻ˵һ仰Ȧס 
Ҷ΢Цû£ûôҲûôĻ 
ΪΪҪҶׯɴһˣȽʹ졣 
ʹȦףҲûʲôɵĵģˣѾٲʲôˣļˡ 
Ҫĵֻһط磬㲻ҪԤºôҺ֮¡ 
طĿֻҪׯ޹أûɲ֡һֿʼˡҲãչ鶼и˵ģҵģǸи¡ 
˵ͷΪʲôԼҪ㣿ңʲôϵѣ˵ÿ뵽ҶܵزԼ롣ȷǣȷʵЩ 
˼ֻнʱ䣬ȥ 

뿪ׯʱȻϸϵľĶһƬ롣ط͵⣬ǰ 
ͱƪѾʵõչ黹Ǿ䡰;ǧһ𡱡 
˵䡰ɽģˮĻû˵ڡ߳ԶͷһǣȻվ 
ޣ۶ȥʧҲҵʧ 
ɽˮҲ 


⣺Ծ 

ˡ 
ˣٱʱߵ΢ЦǰζƮ̣΢΢˼ƺǰһеȻ 
νġǰһСҪָȻеׯط硣 
Ҳ֪ǲĨЦݵԵʣĿŽԶȥıӰطԽԽǡˬַϣһָǸˣׯĳ嶯ʲôŲţ쳲쳣 
ȥǰ;Ѳ⣬ƫֲֹЩԼ뽭ʱֲܲˡ޼ɵľͷˣһǰȥУȻЩ 
Ȼı󶯣ط磬ӦԶʤ飬ֻվԭؾĿͣıӰԶԶУˡصׯȻǲ˱ŤŤرԼڴˣʼڷŵĹǡ 
ʹˣǵƽһƤ˿κηĶߡһ룬ΪѾ̫ԼķѲһ£װδáңЩаҲúúһ¡ 
ׯİõؾ¶ѻɽר־غһƾơ 
ں̳ƣҶࡢŮ졢յӡ 
¾Ʋɡ 
¾㱸ʼȡ 

εҺڱе룬뼸Ů졣 
Ѫһƣлɢȥҡμ¾Ͳˡһںȸɣһ絶ֱϺͷˬָɴࡣ 
طй˼ɿӣֻϧʱ̡ܶʮܿ췢ֽԭǸ߸ߵ͵͡ĸ֯ģݺύӣǣһȫһﰵĹءĹ֣顢ĹҲ֣ڲȵ۶ǹĽҶһĿ۱㷢ŲֵǮͭ 
ϺΪָ·ߣȦ˼ͱùϵĵطɣľͳͳֲöԼȥԽԽȴҲԽԽ顣ط緢ÿһɣ㪻츣һƽ޹ʴڵģԶһδؼҲδؼƣֻǸǣ´Ŀڱͬѡ֮СɱǿӲ̨߱аﹴǧ˿ƣܶⲢǻӽȥɽġ 
ǽĻǿʤѺ򹻺ãͷֻҪøӸӣ÷鷭飻ãٱ֤һĳЩġöɡϿȻҲûһкͶȺãֻĳ̶ȾԶԶˡܲ˵ԼʱеĽγԷâĹгˣǰóˣϺĽӲȡĳɹ 
ʮʱǳ˼ؼˣϺһ̸޵һʵ֮ңԴ˵Ϻܵȥ帣һԶ 
طԼֲŵ·˳µˣʵ֤߶ˡѾռ֣ȻдһԶȥѪ֮һϺ굱ꣻҵ죬Ͳؽһ׾ٵҪٸ⽭¥¾ʹ˴󼪵ģֶεý¯֮ʱʼɻԼҪմɵĿľʲô˵ԼҪʲô㾡֮࣬ϷѾִ˲ƣܶʱԼֻھһΣҺò׽Ļҵ𣬶һ˼Լ¸𣬻УϺ˼˼ظ𣬽˶ѡ 
ԼһͭѪеġطܾǰе֪ʹׯľ࣬ϸɣЩʵζȻƲȥ 
ˮ𡢻仨ȻǼ壬ƫƫеͬԼڶӬӬµµĻⲻơҲգ䱾ûж黳 
Ϊֹġ 
ܲϣȷʵͨķΧˣطԼҲסΪԵһμΪһˣȻǽҰġ 
ľȴǸҡ 

ʱСƾɵԺվŸʪ͸ˣ΢ЦطͼŬЦƵˣͨϲЩߵϵЦݱŤΡ΢ЦصģҲưԳֵģҪǣƺЦŬЦ󡢲˿ȴȻ΢Ц̹׶ֱӣˮһྻȻʹ΢ЦҲڲסϵĲ԰ƣ 
ʹЦֵĽط罻µʱ䣬硣 
񱷢ط統ʱȻеȥ᲻ֵĽҲϡͷûüʵʩͱԷλһ֪˵ˡ 
ڵصҩץۣرüһӶ֪Ϊδʣ֮ģȻԼһ۸ˡ 
ׯŷ°Ѿˡ 
ΪʲôҪǸʱʣ޼Ĳ˽ӵׯأȻܳﴭһ𼺵ĿģǾ˻ȥô򵥣ֻǸȤǲѡ 

ĵھˣԼһ㡣ﾹƣλڼǰͻȻʧٵš 
ܿųʹƵ̽ӵĿܣˣ̫࣬ɹĿ̫ͣĴ̫Ҳ̫Сط硣 
ȻǸᡣ 
Ϻ˲һˣ֮ǰרŶطһ̫أ̫֯ܣҩ̫֣ƿؽ¶˵ȵȡҲգȷڲͬɣȻϺҰģҲáǰεǸɫҰĲȻ־Сδʱɴཫˡ 
ɵѪԵΪŦϵģŴСС¶ƣЩݹϵɾû־ˡΪˣűɵĸҪȹһЩϡȡʦүĺܹҪǿģжʷҪ̸סѡʵʱɱ쳣ٰ½Ļ̻̣¾װˡһ˿Խ˳ʱճλãʵһá 
㲻ɹӽһЩҲûк 

ʶ֮طǿύġܿ췢±ҪѰࡣ 
Ǹȴˡ 
Ѳ෴أͶ˵ƺǱӲƵģ̸ֹȴӲƽ֮ɱʱҲǿʤ֮ǵʹ᲻صӣĽëŰգ˺һԳ 
һˣ̧˫۾̶ľˮǳʵ峺ʵ롣е˼֮󣬲ñ˿ȷǣһ˫ǳɾ۾ʢһвܲܿ͸ȫġ 
ֻҪط䲻⣬ͻԶԣǡôһ߸˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôʲôһ߲ɫԶ룬ǧ֮⡣оϲǶطȨֻǵزԸ˽ӽѡ 
˲ǣȻ˷֮ģȻҪ־룬ΪʲôҪׯأ 
ĺܼįҲƣˣȻҪ󣬵˵ůͺ⣬᲻Ƶģֻһ㡣 
֪طĪЩ 
ϲһʪؽȻڻԼɡطСʱһֻСһɹ̫ջ˵ڶ糿Ѿ˰ҹꡣһֽɣٷŵ̫ȡůֻСﶶëֺɪ㣬ֲʮ 
ʵڲŵϡ 
Ҳ̩Ȼ¥İŮӣȻ治ɫɱһһɾذУţ֮鷳ͱͳͳׯȥɵ㳾Ⱦ£е˼ˡ 
оġĸסƺȫȫûѪԵϵķӣĲڵһλ 
طȤǾȨ˵ﴩŮװֱɫ㡱Ҫۿһ 
 
ʱˣط罥ɻԼĳ̶ԶԼҪɹԼƻеġ硱ѾеʣҲ붯 
ֻҪһط͸оܵѪͭͻԭȵļƻ㣬ԼֻǸˣһദ˶ѡ 
ָоɺܲһѾ߳ɣʣӮ̬ȡ£ֻȡ˺᣻ӲֶԱ˵ĺ޵ֿҪжķף 

źͶҡǵĴս֣ͫ￪ʼȾɫ˵ȴطֹ 
ǰս˫ֱţҡҪֹҪ󲻲֣طһƽȼ庬ţĳзֽ̣֮ġľ֣ش֮ʲô¶һŵĻˡ 
طյĵһھȥ쳵ھԱϸձȽϹʲôطԣ˼ȥԽԽǻɡ֮ԶҪ﾿ΪʲôŲȴƮϣ쳺ݵúûϣա쳵ƹĺĻ˴εֶֻǸʼԺֵʲôز 
֪ΪΣԽԽƫԽԽﲻԾǸ쳡ʵڽ˲ˬ 
Ҳ䱿𣿿Ц 
̽һ£¶ˣûסŵĹ֮顣Ҳ䱿ˣӱزˬ 
㰵ŶදЩֽţ̽̽ʵ˳ģطı⣬ҪȽ⿪š 
쳵Ŀǽ´ȻˮĻһս˵ҲһأٿˡҪȵõ 

ӦǶˣþòЦԼЦȻɱϸѵõĺΣĽë΢΢⶯ţֻһ㣬طҪ߶ʮһȥˡҲ򻨴йȻʧȴδйѵ⼸̫Ĺˡ 
Է̬ط绹ûȫİգȻ֪ԼԽԽԶˡ 
ﳤúȻȫʶطϵĶʱؾˡƽصϷŮװһˮɫһ˼Ʈ˼ʵСһʱӳһ޻ĵҲʧȴɫ 
ط绹ϲװӡ 
ͬһ컵Σ׹龫ֵʫ˫ľˮ촽ˣط鲻ã֣ҲǸͨ˶ѡ 
˵ϣκתجʱ޷ܡ 
ѪȥǸֻڹӲдĲ˵ģ϶侶ȥܵ¥ȥģͳͳáǣȥˡ 
Ǹ·ɢҡرѹڴֺµˣǸףԼ񲻶ͷѹһֱס¥ҹҹϸ裬ˡطԸԭһֱŪڹ֮ϣȷʵ 
ͻȻ䣬ǹɼѪͭϢֻˣ˳ 
Ŀڲͬˣԭڡ 
طʱʧӰ٣ֻʣ¼뷢йŭͱԼס˵ģ 
Ȼﲻ֪صڶ侲ʱ䶼ûж˼ֱǸ漣ΪƽʱóҲͽϨһŭֻΪＤҵķӦԤϣЩŰĿУ֮õ뿪ׯ 
طʲôסͨؽڣڶٸͲ¥ 
¥ԷߡҲΣֻҪǲߵ߾ͿˣƷɲС 
ȵ峿ׯġĸסͻȻˡ⵹û뵽ģһ¥ܵͻȻܽׯׯ¥¥Ŵ󿪣ƹӱڴˣֵ˼ˮйͨ 
˲ԤСϢһֵ÷з͸һɾϢӦò¥ε⣬ôҲŶѵԼҪģ 
һμʱӲϷпܡ 
ȻЩţ˳ȥ 

ط֪Լºܶʱ򿰵һ֣ǵڿʱƽһξԼ˷ǳ̵¡ѱ˺䲻϶ۣбһϳЦξյģʲôҲûУҲһ˿ڻ˵ЦЦŷ·ûˣ̱ܵһѣȴþȫһʵֻһȫˡڵڵ϶ȥı 
ᱧëֻжͷ𡣵ͷϸɫף촽ҰףѪɫҲûС 
ȻСʱֻСȻ̫ɹëˡ 
벻ôصׯġܼҡѾߡȨĳ´ͳͳŵֱ´֤ûΣղ侲ŷʱӿΪΪĻҡ 
֪һԼˡˣʲôطˣ׶ţôʲôšˣǰû 
ʵĵѾﲻκֻ޷ϡ 
ÿ춼ķңȨ֪ԭίӾͼˣòóˣ¥ÿҪˣֶβܼҲԲȴЩԾдŸҪһˡ 
Ƶ 
ѹȻտյ۾طߵĳ嶯Ѳȥת뿪ϣʱܿһйһ£ʱȻԭϵۺ۶뿪ʱһģһ 
ÿοͷͣʱӱض¡һԿʱ쿴һҳǱסˣһȷľϡ 
Ȼ˵Ҫߡ췭ظȻߡ 
ʲô˵ͨӲûС˵ûȨҵ¡ϸҲȷʵˡ 
ǲܷߣβУ㡭Ҳ롣 
ұ㣬Ҳң˭ȱסǸ 

ǶһΣԼòԼǸıԶǵط磬ԭÿϰ֮Ĵıܡд߲סӿѪʵһطԼһӽʲôûŪס 
ԭ˵ˣҶ 
ǰ˲Ұ㲵š 
Сرְȫľ룬սսؽǵĹػ˰Լ¥ǰֱܿۡΪ˲˵Ȱ 
߰ˣ߰ 
ͻȻƴȴͽ͵رԼĵġ 
ոŴһ죬ͱһ 
ʱػǸˮӸжãѾͣˣ˵Ѿ˵ˡѾˡ 
طڶʲôлڲʲôеԡ 

ȨͽطֻƾżССŵذʱߣȻһ㡰ѪĴۡ 
ĺͬʱҲӲǿǿֻȴׯġӡŵʵ϶һߡ֣Ѿûطλá 
ǻܷߣ뿪ԺҲˡѾվڱԵϣٱ˭һ¾ͻŲȥ 
˼ʹһֱſҲһۣطҲѾˡߣһ־ͿԴÿϻԲɫسԳԶ˵仰 
ţȻǳӲ 
ոһգ˫ˮ･˼ɣżҲῴˡ 

ˣ⣬ϸϸ̽ӡ֤£Ѿ֮ϸɫ㻹Ǹһ㡣 
֪Լʲôһᶦġ 
ǲ˼˵±õ֪ 
ѾˣﲻΪ˶Ҳġֻطе֪ﶼЩʲôû޲ 
ûü¶ʳڣˣ֪Ǵһѻһȭ 
ӦøлġԹ塱ڵȷﻹЩںġ 
һƬбǸӣһһѹȥ˵˵һůڵģֻݶϡȻˮϢʪ͸· 
һҹһܣҸǲǾζ 
ƽͨȴҸ 
طͻȻ֮ǰԼԭ˹̲Է⡢ 

һЦݣȥ 
Ӧ֪˼ģֻװ֪ѡƹ飬˶װãȻ֪ȥ̸ 
Ҳûãעҵġ 

ȥܺط类Цӯӯضׯ簡ΪһɫׯʸµһׯԼǻڲڣһѾѵСÿΪǽͣ㻹ǳׯѰɡֲһ䣺ͨԺͿӻͷ𲻻Ҳʱ޵Ӵ 
Ǹĵãǿ׼ŷҪԼȥ߶ͣͶൣЩɡ 
ׯʹжΡв 

ʮ¡ȥ 

ԽȡϴĴһ˶ѡˮ·⡣˵Щ˼ʵǸǳˣΪδɽʱµһͿСЩµ˴һΣܲͲ½ϸ· 
һˮ·һ½·ߵ飬ÿһޣҶᵽҩЩҩҩҵĵҩЧܺãֻôæҩԳײЩҪҩͣߣȥǰ;δ̫׵Ļ߻Ƕ౸ЩҩĩȽ׵ 
г̵ȻֻԼææ߰ݣȻʼδǣҾȻ·ϵúܡÿһأĿջϺõķţСò󻰣뿪ʱշǮһƥ˼ͻʧԭػ˩һƥʮǣߡ 
ϥҲ֪˭ڹҡ 
˵Ҹ÷ǳжǣڣطĹδ̫ܵһЩĻáʵڲϲÿ·벻ظţҲߣͣҲͣ˦ɲܣزʶȴţƫƫûжֻк⣬ͷʹˡ 
̵ڶ͸˺üĺˡÿ죬Զ˻ỻһÿζˡ 

˴ʱηһֻ׷ϻһͷĴ󴬣ŷ¾͵˽ǰӹɷ˵ͽҳ˵Ĵδסۿ⡢ɷĴ󺺳Ųҧŵˣ϶ʱһƬҡһͷ׵ȥˡһͷ조˰ࡱһֱԶԾɻ°㰲麵̵ͷȻڳ̣ʮСȻһ˵Ļ 
Ǯ㲻˵֣㵽ιˣһֻëĴ죡үүûĵȣ 
ôЩˣϵˮô˵ĻࡣϴǰԼδҩʵڲƳһֻĵë֣¡ 
ɵ˲ɣһŸĵչСӣϸһ㳤û治òǹİɣ 
ۿֻëҵԽԽҪҪϵأָѾһö룬ʱԳ֡ͻȻһԣź̸˵ͷڴϿ̴ƺǿĲ⣬´壬ǸͻȻһ⵹˼㲻ȡһ´ȥˡ 
ˮĽ䣬ˮĨѪ죬ˮɱŴˮиֻѾˡٿǸͷֿʼƵس̴СЦţεƶѾһߡ 
 

ϿˣɽˮɽͰΣˮɫ졣ڴͷͷ羰ŬȴвסڵĲҩ´ֻϵĹ٣ûʲôЧŤͷЦеϺУͷʹˡ 
ʩԳüչԸɮһոȡ˽ˮڴС¯衣 
лˡ 
ϧϧϿ֮ˮУϿ̫ɬϿ̫ΨϿˮɬ裬˴˴ʩҲɵˣ 
ĲҸոպµҩײֻҪһ¶ǣ֤¸ظ췭Ȳȣ 
ʩ治ǧն²裬ڴϣ֮ѵϣ벲ӯǣһ˹Ǽ´ 
ˣһڣҷڴߴһ·˺üķֱµǰ 
ϺкĵعıһϧŽˮʩһ£ɮʱǲ㽭ȡˮˣڷȡ˲٣㹻⼸֮ãգա 
 
ѾͬˣҺ󻹻һֱͬȥΪĿĵغһšֺط¾Ͳٸˣܷġ˭أɮۡࡢâЬм̣׺ӡüëһЦֻϸ۾гߣһ㡢ٶЩ⣬ֱȥ껭ϵˡ 
ע£һ·㳾Ȼڹտǧ򲻽ȴǳȲ衣 
꣬Ͷʱ˸վԺЦеؽˮЦеСֻ̿¯ûÿջͲ磬ܰǣ֪γġ 
书ȲϺУֻ֪һɵԵʦ˵ͶʱԭȡΪԵľȴҪΪԵ裬˵ǳԵɶϣԵȴɶϡ 
Եɱּ𣬱ǻҪ߳һϲĺȡˮ衣һһΣ˵һǰһֽɽºȲ裬Լˡ 
˵µһׯطķ 
ýֺҲ֪ôһ¡ 
ȻԵáʦɮƣĿǰֻϺУûниѾܲˡ 
Ϻ֪أط粻ܰе¶гġ 
˵ͷطǸŵļһҵ˵Ҫ֡Ҳ׿ڴӦֻҪׯ޹أûɲ֡ڰ˵ĻȻⲻвʲôв֣ 
ǺҲûرϸȻﻹЩģЩûá 
һ·ߵ̫̫ƽƽ˵㡣 

Եѣ죬ҺԵ˵ãʹɽ·Ҳƽأų̱һ˿öࡣأɽѾǰˡ 
ɽԲĴڿƵһɽվ֮ҵһһ͹ 
ţڶһɽ´С 
ţǻң뿪ʱûһһѾΪŵԪϡӣˡѣһҲûоˣǿɻ 
쳣쳡ˣ 
һֱѹеĲ˫һǰʼӿͷԽԽԽԽӾָоҲֻǽӶѣҶطģǶţ쳣Ǳ쳽һҵС쳣λֻô 

ھͿԵִˣʩȴ£η˵һջԣϺҶ棬һһ濪ʼ׻ۣطѲʵˡ 
ոù緹ͺȲ裬ȲҽҲ֮üͷƹĲյ֪ʦȲ裬ұ˰Զʤڰ裬ˣˣкã 
Ц䣬?}յǳUһڣģԣƻ£ȴڼ޺ֻкô 
ôȷʵеʵڿֻԶԶܿ赹ԸȵġֻЩΨԸѵֻܶŨ裬̫ˣгĺô 
Ҳ΢΢һЦʦ˯ÿɺã࣬ҽϢһգٵȥΣʵ˵ھúܡ 
΢΢һΣ²յƺҲеˣܵЪǺãαൢһ죿ˮ̫ãĲЩζɮԸͶա˵žҪȴֹסձһΰɡ 
һΣǿƤһۣЦˣȻʩ˼֣ɮֻдˣʩԼСġ˵˵ţһͷſ˯ˡ 
Եʦ˵Ĳڼ޺ֻкôú˯һȥźˡϺУµҩɫζҲҶζǺȳˡҩЧֻĸʱҵ˯Ѩϴȥſڴϼζҩȷַˣתš 
ǸԼƼұĴţҪκԱߣκԱߡ 

Ƽұˣҵһо뿪ʱƬɫڣԱѾӸ˸ߵһƬߣոոӳƬԲ 
ǰ¥ɫҶȻϤ֣Ƽұ 
һӭǿҶ߹ȥһֻ··𲻴ˣҾסû뿪һǸȻԵõƣֻʶҩ壬еعÿһ졣 
ˣﲻˣȻǲҵĸҲֻǣҵļңҵĹ磬ĵطͨͳϡ 
쳣һˡ 

˹סңʲô˾ôƼұҪ𣿡һ˸˽ҺΧסôųǰֻǰͶѡ 
һһܣûһʶõģЩ죺żŵģѵأۼЩ˸ҲͣüĿֺְĹҵ¹Ƥ棬ʵڹ̣ܽһͷѵЩſţøҸģ 
һʱҲЩ˹֣λͨһҪˡ 
ǻ࿴һۣ¶м֮ɫΪ׵һ͵СӣƾҲƣ֪֪ʲôءͻȻסˣǷַվǰͻȻˣһϵİҲˡ 
΢ЦţҰа˸¹Ƥһȥͨһ˵ 
ʲŷ͵ͨ죬ݺݶһۣš 
һ̣üػˣǳЩͷλӣԵδʶˣ޴Ӿ֮꣬ӻذɡ 
ǲ֣ȥȻףʹ˻ͷǻҲ̾˿ȥͨһ˵ãǲЩɣ䶢һۣȥˡ 
λúܿ죬ҹʩ񣺡롣 
ǣŸ߸ߵż߽ΥѾõĵط 

Ĺҷֵŵƽʣ̣¥Ҳ˭ҪϲͷֻǴҴһҹ˲϶룬ԽԽ죬ʪʪģ֪ʱ߳˺ˮ 
ϵأûճ͵ĴңԼԺһѾ߰쵽ſھȥһŶ롣 
Ȼڼ쳣겻Ϥİ쳡 
ڵǳĵİԣҽվ 
ӣҧһ촽ԼǸЩøЩ 
쳲ûиıܶ࣬Ȼ٣һźòı˵ɡ˵ȥѷĽôȻˣֻѾؽ˽ˡ쳵ŵ˷粻Ĵݵ֮ҲûпĻҵĵһۣ۾вһֻǱ治˼ 
ʲôӣǲҲϤİҵ񲻻ǰݣӦй¶ණΪ΢΢üƵЦˣ㻹ǻˣơ˼ͻȻ÷ǳû뵽Զܻ㵱еĶһֻڱһһ࣬⿪𣿡 
ҵһ㣬ͬǣ˼ 
ʹǣֻǰһڣһһʱʹ֮⾹û֪Լվδоˡ 
عʱң΢΢Цţԭûκãͺá 
ûб䣬뵱һ޵ĺ⣬Ȼˡһˣﷴ̤ʵ 
ȵζոһҧ˴Ұƿһ俴ƣͲˣ֡ 
ˣЦˣĵͻȻ߽ˣǰվ˭µ񣬲ŶԣȻվǰ˶٣ƺŬ˼ڽ֡ 
ˣϲ裡Ȼ 
ղŵѾŲ߽Ѳˮİϡָֻ˳ʱ侲΢Цţλӣʲô֣ 
ǸŮӿٵ̧ͷһۣ΢΢Щ죺ūƴ 
˰֣ȥˣңڣ㻹𣿡 
ҲֻҪڣԶֻܽƣΪ㱾ǣͺֻܽһԸⲻԸ⣬ûõġ 
ƣʱҪСγɻˡ 

ʮ¡תǧ 

ҪγɻˣӾͶһܺ 
ͻϢ΢һй˵Ĳһ뵽ĲϲģǶҾĹ£ս֮սջܡ 
ôҪϲ𣿲֪ηӦǱ׾صϲԣһʱΪθ˵ģôãôãΪһȻĪЦҲӦе緢۽üûϲã͸˵ 
֪ٴطΣǻϲֳ֮档ббʱĵһȴȻǱҲֱ˿̣ҲžϡʶǰˣǸԴ鲻ʶѣ˵Ǽǻר쳵һ֡ 
ؿڳʹһ£أȴ 
Ȼ΢һϤ鲻ˣ±£ֶ˲յӽһ·ˣͷȥЪϢɣΪϴӷ磬͹⡣һкղŵѾӦ룬ʩ 
ûжĴббסͷΪԭķ仹Ųɣ 
Ҳûдһ浽زҪȼСΣΣ΢ЦЦأ׿ڵϲ 
ǺȻʧȥ˵£˰־ͱȥͬˡ 

ߵ⣬һȴ粢ˣһ׳һһ룬䶼ڶʮűסȥ·˵и֪ߵغĿͽƼұţҲ𣿡 
Ѿˡصر۾ؿڱ⳩һֻƵض»ԭңƾкμ̣ȷӭ͵İֽĽոǵ̳ģ˵Ŀһޡ 
ȫûı飬վұߵǰһϸ´Ҽۣɫ˷ܵĺһҵ˭أԭ㣡ƣ㵱дҵڲ˽뿪⼸ɴʲôҵˣ㵱ε磬˷½ţβҵȼʶʶ 
ûҴ𻰣мƾͰקԭ˼ǺεݣⴳЩ꣬ʶ㣬Щ˵ϻ㻹һȥûȤ 
ޡһһڣʲôĵضңվѾۣثһТڶûһˡ 
ַڣϵǡôֻԹЩҲ˵ֻǵؿǻʲôǶϵǼԶԶ֧ǿǿƣҲСųԶ쳵ķ䣬ǵݵλ书ѧʶûнӵһҲÿġ 
΢΢ЦǵûٶһĪԵͷ˵ǳԿͷ˵ĲӦ 
ʱĵѼϴ˿̵쳶ҵԹ̶ֳֻȶѣӦһǡ 
ƾҵ̬ȿӵǳġ 
ǻʱҲൢһЩģҪȥΣġӷϴĲʱ 
ĿѲ˼ΣͻȻһڣһһֱ߹ȥ֪ǲҡ 
һˣǲˬ·ƾ׼Ҳ֣Цƣֺαˡ 
ķͻȻһˣĻ쳼һƽƽأϲŭţæʩ쳻δţֱ߹һ͵קסƾڣ⣺ղŽʲô 
һ׵תΪ˺׵ƾȻǱλˣûϴ𻰡 
ЦƣҲе𣿡һƣҹҲһۣתط 
ǣֻվԭش󲻽⡣һӵִֶ֣ƣֻҪϵϺã˴˳ƺʱͳȥϣֻԵơƾȻǲ⣬Ҳ㲻ʲô˵£ѵ겻ŵϰ߸˲ɣ 
쳶ҵ֣ƺѰִš 

˴Լһµʱ䣬ּˡֻЩȻ۵ϲãüҹصǳ໥ìܵӳϣԭ绨Ӹƽ˼ֶ˵¡ 
Ȼ֪ϲõʲôǳʲô 
ҽһ۾־ϲЩصͷ磬ûˣû뵽 
ոձýҲ֪ɳǰôҲǽ磬˺ˡϷĵΣһ˵٩˵顣 
Һϲôʲôÿģ 
СѾͷʱϻΰ 
һεճ˺첼¥ĻȻҲн죬Цصָ 
磬ҲһͬġϾ͵ˣһꡣ͵͵ϸš 
ؿ쵽֪ᣬǾ벻ġָһ㣬κ쳵ĻھʮȻԪʮ壬Ǳ֮ˡⳡʵΪΣգҺɵŶǼӦˡ 
鵱ȻãСΣʲôʱԼģǰȻһҲ֪̽ 
һĵڶ죬Ҳյŵĵڶ졣ϵĺβˣʱԼпܻز˵ҲԸҲûйϵԸģԸ⡭ 
͵̧ͷֱңɫЩ԰ףԲҡ·͵Ƿţʵ֪֮ʲô£Ϊʲô֪ҿˡ 
㡭ˡ֮£ֻǱܵӦһ䣬ŽʱôûϵأҵɫһˣΪסҵ֣ССıҵůˣ£ȫˡ磬㡭㲻Ҫѹ 
˵仰ıϵ˼ǲͬģҲҪѹ⣬޷˵˼۾黹ůƴģʵᡣ 
ڰοҡ 
ҸأſڣʲôҲ˵ 
ܹһ쳣Ͳ¥Ϊʲôң 
һμ˵յԺģ࣬˰Ŷ¯յˣȻǰķһͻȻݰ䶼ҵ÷飬ҩѺöҩݰˡҴûɹӡ 
ַӦѾǺ侲ˡҲ룬֪쳵ջȥҩбضһζݣΪطҲҩݣϵĶزŻڣϣҲûˡزǲҪˡ 
Ҫǣηǳ쳣ǾҪˣУİģ޿ȡСá 
СΣ㲻õҺ֮飬΢ЦգһúýͰĵɡطˣǸתעĺð취 
Ȼ˵簡ôǸطħƵģⱲûѶԸˣܾ̬е㲻Ծ 
Ҳе㲻ԾĿһ˵Ҽֱе飺ļ׼𣿼ױʰǹϵŮһһĴ¡ 
 
̸˺ܾùŵ£м䲻ʱ⣬ǲԼͬرܿǳֶڹעľֻΣȻʱʲôãʱ仹һţΪǳһʱ̡ 
룬쳼Ȼ㿪˻飬ӦѾ˰ɡ 

ǡҵĳͻоһٵϷһһʬף˷ɣŵĶŰ޼˵硡ƣ޲ĵѧɶİ׵ɣȻҪָ˵¶ɴ˶ 
սΪֹ˵ϰˣɵˡҽԶɽΪƼмӹԽԽ֮࣬ԤѹǧˣĸСɱ̲߽⡭ 
ֺƽΪεµһׯȾΪɰϢ 
ʮǰҩΪͽ⣬һʮǰԼ 
Ȼԣ԰˿ƣĿǰܺӵһеûɢȥȻƽͣȴӿʮ㣬ԱĻǾǰǾ˿ɳ֮ 

쳹ȻΪӷ硣 
˵¡һ㣬ʵϣֻһż󼫳ӣұˣԼʮ˴ӣһϣһſš 
ۿȥ׵һҸʶǡѡƾˡһнΪͻкȻһλϸ˼۲ϳƽ겻뷢԰ףࡣ׵ȴһҲʶã뿪ŵĵӡλŵϵϵȻμһɣҲ̸ 
ˣ洺ӭЯҵְߵλϡһڣʱѻȸض֪нһϲ£ĵӻʶƵٿǰһЩλŵϵ˵ʶƣѾˣһˮ̶ϼ졣 
ЦԾ˲١ʮ˫ĿϣмŸ׹ĿİģɵģЩģ׵ȻҲЩɷݣԺ죬ٻ׽֮⡣ƽϢһ㣬ŵϲĺƽҲ벻ϡͣιרΪҺС飬ܲܽͿλıˣ 
ȻһЦ 
Ȼˣֻϡֻûķ̣΢Цųһ񣺡ɺá 
˶վΪһ׵šˡƣӦȥԭϡ׵һλģǸͶʮ˾ŵˣ˵ǳȣҵ񲻴ʲô⣬ЩӸµİ 
ҵλǺܽλοӦǵϵеλߵˡ쳾ҵһƣڶǾģЩĴ棬ؼ澰˵˵Σ 
Ц֮ǰȥһЩطȥģֻΪҩ˼ɽˮֻúҷܼ䣺ǿЩ£ϧֻҪһȾ;òֵһˡɽˮվ㣬ҲȲϡ 
Ŀô˵ƣλⳤˣ 
һ׶̧ͷסңҵĻش 
ҪƵģҡҡͷû 
״һЦҪҪ߾ߣȻңֲõҲҪˣӲŽҲ 
ұЦ꣬˼Уڻʱ򡣡 
ҿһۣں˵ʲôҲû 
ֻǳ׾ɨһۣƺƣپһ 
ҾսȻͷһĲǰЩӦв⣬ߵѡˡӣڱϣӦǺ֮ʱţеȻǴذۣѹϧʱ֣ͬʱìͷ׼ҡ 
ȻҿϣǺûǲ֮ѣоҩζУ쳲ŲƤ֮λˡ 
εĸо 
װʲôҲ΢ЦŲסơֻ̲סһ䣺ôûɻ𣿡ҵ쳺̸֮ѡ 
ؿһۣһǰ˽ʱʧ֣ѾˡƣޣҪô졣 
ôˡҶЦЦҪģȿʲôֱ𣿡 

ҺܿˣʤرͳȥϢ 
ֻǲٴȥˣ־ƣװ˷ѡҷԼõ쳵ķ쳵Ĵϡ 
ƺҷƷŪ߰㣬ǲ׼ҵ飬ڻһͷԼ 

Сһ𳤴쳵л˷룬ȴܺöӽŵڣҿһмָͬһ򣬸ղŵϯΪԡ 
ҲһԱ˻ǽ˴һңӦòҪĿġ 
ȥɣֻҪͺá 

Ҫ쳵ķصסĿͷмעҪġ쳵İܶҿ⣬ùĴһ߹ȥ 
ѾɢˣҲϨˣӴ⿴ȥֻʣһӰ΢΢ζš 
ҴΪѡ㿴Σݡ۲ѧɵ֮λӱġ쳵 
˼УѾúˣ滹Щ˲ϵӺϵӳͻžˡ 
ԣҲҪ쳵Եòʤգʱ㸨ɱ²Ŷԡ˼ѡҲܷȥԼ 
 
Ĭ˺ܾãɫȻͬһ͵͵̾ϢˣȻȥϢɡ 
ҲӰ߳ԶԶȥˡ 
ƴȥǽ 
ȥˣ˵ĻͬС졣 
ƽΪ£Ŵ˴ƽͬʱסɣҾ˲ 
߿Ҫˡ 

صУžûƣֻǸյŵĵһ죬ȴò󻰡ۣ򵥵ϴһ£ҵͷ˯ 
֪˯˶ãͻȻоѣܻһƬڡ˶ȴ벻𷽲ʲôΣʪʪľǺˮ 
ŵϵ͵ƣ·ǰú˼һ¡ 
֮ǰط˵Ȧס 
ҵʱôشģ˵û£ûôҲûô 
ҲǱֻ棬Ȼ档쳵˼ҿǵĸͲͬһ¡ 
쳸ңҪγɻһҾ֪ҾĸԼ֮˲ˣҲŶԡ㲻ΪΪΣҲȥ 
Ҳһ㣬˵㰲ſֻΪ˸ңϣôѾ죬ΪҲ֮ģûп˼ﵽˡ 
ֻǣ쳣ΪһҪһ㾡Ҷһ˵ֻ˵һ䡰Ҳ븰Լ±ҲΣȥԡ 
ǶԴ˵̬ȣãĨǡҼ侲ưҪ˴渰Լʱ𣬻ҴͲ˽ 
һʹֻϣҲ뵱һŵˣȻȵٴ뿪Ȼڱ䲻к͸ʡЩ 
һ澵ӣʶس濴һۣҿһŰ׵ü͸۾ĺΡ 
˵ŵһж˳أ˵һʱͻȻ˻Ĺʧĺá 
֮ǰΪʲôҪأŴҹĻҷԼѾǲˡ 

ʮ¡ѹ 

صŵĵһһ죬Ъ޵ĵһҹҲһҹܶվǻȥģȥһһҹҵĶȻֻһԺȦͻ֮ȥľѡ 
һǻϣһ֮ǰѾ˾ҲףҲܼѣϾǾ˶ʵʩˣûиκδϢĻᡣ 
ҲҪˣŵ¹ҲǸᰲ΢ЦŶ˵һֱǸĺӣ㡱ĸףҲ˺ѷΰƬطЩˡҶˡ 
ܺãҶܺá쳣Ҳллġ 

ǣն֮ʱȻµӦһС 
ҵѧ費쳣ÿ뵽ҪĿ֮ŴսҪסСҪȫŵͷͻʱǴȦ 
ԵϺ̵ţǲ֮ͣҲǹͣȻһæҡûȥӭʵûȥЦԼȸָƷ裬ҿθÿձ̲衢衢ڲʲôַݱȻܰȻʵһ׮ڵ״̬Ҫ׻óѵĿԺܴ 
ܵҩȥ͸˳ҿûкõҩݡҩԵĻǵȻǱָߡλ͵ĵӣҩԴǰҵ£ÿҪȥһΣҲˡ˴ԼѾ˵һϢҺԾѻҽȥƸˣҩݻ㵱µġ 
ҩȻĿ滨ݡ 
ϸϸһ飬ݹȻûˣһҲʣҩҪģЩӷԭʱʱϢ˺ܶ࣬ԼĵҩѾÿһ޸֮ˣϧǲܸڵĶأǵûݲɡ 
ƣôܵˣͷϤ̧ͷһǡ 
ûйɰˡ˰Щ᣻վֱǰе㷢üͷΪʲôˣ 
ǳĬһ²ųģ˵һ 
ԭˣҶЦˣ㲻طοڣ֪⡣ȥ쳣ȵС˻飬ҾŵˣⱾҵλã˭Ҳ˵ġ 
ûжվԭҰΣֻһ䣬㡭ǸˣδػαΪزץס㲻ɣ 
ȷ̽׻ԭֻһ֪Լı⻹쳵⡣ֻ밲һ¡ϵЦݣǣҺ֮£ȻԱֻкôͲض˵ˣȥɡ˵ֶȥҩݡ 
һûϢһСǰŸĶ 
ŲԶȥҲСǼɹɵĻݡ 
С°÷ŽҺȻע⵽ֲĲغ컨鶼ڡ˸שɫĻ룬һ龥úܱ߲Ȼܾǰ쳵пյĻΪʲôȥաֺÿǿĻݣЩҪҩʲôֱ׳ػش𣺡ҩûнҩĶʩȥ㱾£ǽг衣 
ϸˮһεĿ龥ϣ۾ 
쳣ֶȷʵ硣 

žͳһ֪Ҫ˭ҲšҰذѻɽҩÿãٶʱϢʽżȥһȥ˵Ƚ϶ɼ̽̽еơֻǽ֮ڳѾãҪףûģûôʱˡ 
Ҳȥ쳣Ҳ룬ǳȥΣγҸúܣֻһֱȥֻһΣ쳣æװһ˵ɫһҲ뿪ˣֻ쳵Ŀұңңҳš 
ôʶȤֻһÿҺȲ̸죬ʱҪ󵽶ɽС̤ࡱȡˮ治֪ʲô̤ˮҲͷᶳסҲǿҲ̸Լ£Ϻ˵òű߼ʣЩտɫɫðȫġ 
ʱȻط磬Щҹ˽ʱͻЦط磬ҲһͬסþõȨбﲻһȴĴҵôɽˮҲˡ 
ֻǵҹһʱᾪѣƫƫǲʲôΡһʲôŲµڴ룬벻벻ҪӮڸһ 

һȥ˵컹תۼ쳴ϲ֮վҪˡ 
ҺԵϺȲ裬ĲǶɽǧ𶥵ȪˮɽϾü峺̣žˬ塣Ե۾Uһڣ˿ذ۾ȫ 
ҰµĲˮôܵ飬Ҫΰѻ˵أֱ˵ 
ʦվǱŴϲˡ 
ȻȻϲϲƤҲû̧ 
ұһڻ͸쳣֪ʦԸһæ 
º£ʩܿھˣֻҪɮܰæһȫԸɮĲҶʣʵڲˣ¡ 
ǵġҺֺЦ𱭸ǰǰĲյϣʱȥ飬Ҹ֮λԭӦҽƣȻ裬Ӳǰζ쳣ͿꡣʱҴ㵽ʱʽλлжգ㿴Σ 
Ե۾ŵԲˣⲻС£ʩǾѶ 
ʦʱڳΪ֤űͨ潭ƽ£Ĵ治졣ʦǷ֮ˣЩ쳾ţֻǽڿΩ˷һʧ˵ͨ˵ͨɣһ˵һѣֻЩգô޳ܵ˿ܻƽһ⡣ 
ʵѴԵǳĵ˵һײ֪ƣɮǷֱˣóȻ֤ȻҪҪʩڼаٺһӦ²ǣɮ˷֮ˣȷʵӦֺ쳾£ȻҲһϲĲ֪ơ 
غϣĽȥĻʢƤȴǴгʦǲӦȻҲǿѣֻи񱣬һþϲŶһСķŵʦĲҶǿʵǷףŵĲˣ㿴Ǻã 
⡭ȷɲɮӦˡҼƷ衣 
 
ѽ˵ôãˮѾˣʵǷףŵĲ£ǡ 
 
ԵۡϺܺطѣȷеġ 

һʲôźˣǱӦҲѾ׼ȫûʲôɵĵġȻϣһδӶѹ޷ٴߡڵʲôأԼҲ벻ףֻƼұµĿһ޷ɣ޷ߡ 
ֻеϵĵƣһ򿪴͸͸ 
ƿӣһĿžȫȫסˡ 
վڴ⣬֣΢ͷϵǶ 
һ⧲Ҳԭء 
Ǵʮˣֵڣֻǹ⣬ﴰ˽ǹͻƵĵƹ϶Է飬˭Ҳ֪˵ʲô 
󣬻ҹ˴ӣҪɻˣȥϢҪһˡ 
Ĭã͵͵żŴƣЩú𣿡 
Щú𣿺 
Ĺ֪һĵһЩжáڣѾʱˡҧס´ƽƽһ˿ң쳣Ӧ飬һԼûʲô˵ģͳͳҪˡ 
õĳĬŲʱʱأⲽ 
һ£㡣 

ųɻ飬ԭǷͬСɵ飬ǻ°ôæֵ֮ǰصӦﲻǡֳɵصѡֻԵһδЩ塣 
Ͼʮջַǳġһ翪ʼƼұŵƽʣ죬Ŀȼհĺɫ 
͵͵ȥΣηϼףڷ⣬ҴӲ֪Ůʱ̿ز翪޼ʢĻ䣬Ҿ֮಻֪˿Ц顣ν޵˲쳣Ӧò˹˰ɣ 
̫б֮ʱεĻδӺ̧Ƽұһܰ룬ٴǰ̧룬ӯӯáһԵɻͦ㲻վǰӭ 
ҺЦǹϣαѾţζȥٺЦ쳾ٱƣֵͬϲ硣˾˾ƣƴһӵϣһ쳹ɾݵļơ쳾Ƶɣ߲ܣȰҲȰסǳһ£²֪ 
ĶҹҪˣѵһҰϧ 
͵ĳϦҹֵǿطѹһ꣬˴žžһƬıú죬ȻһɴǾӭµ 
Ƽұͬǧڣǧ˼ꡣ 

ʮ¡ղ 

աȥһһӵڳʱ뼯ĿճϣǱݷطֳȺϸעһ£ûӦǱ쳲֪ʲôڷˡ 
Һ쳶һۣԵѾ湧ˡ 
зһӷеһݼӢҿ侲񣬻󿴺Ϸı顣 
ȷʵȫźˣվߣԽ֮λƣüĿͷǣٵһɧһƺѻȸòͳŵģһϷׯءģ 
ǰʱ쳽ӡһУһһ졣վһǰʩ 
ҶվףǰȺÿ˶Ϣ˵ҪϸղŵƣҸ˵ЩҲǺƯŶԣû鵱ô˱ݣֻǹ˹֣ʶǳճţʵڲʤ֣̿в֮λڵ£ɢȥա˵ųԵ˸롱ƣͳ 
ۿ߸ɾˣ΢Цų쳵˵֣ҹл˵ 
ȻŪҺ«ʲôҩһ²ų߹ﰵ㣬μǰֿסţѾϢĺ̨Ѩ͸һ⼸¶ͻվӦ׷ʧɫ 
쳶סҵ۾ŭӣƣ㡭 
ɿ֣ڵϣЦȫʧζòܣԽֻǸˡ㵱꽫˵ʱн죿 
ʺһƬʱžվĶǻῴƵˣھδǰóȻ֡ʮ˫۾쳵ڵϣм촽˶ڻûпڡ쳷̧ͷңϱ鲻סã¶һ˿ЦԭŲ£ҿˡһ˲˲ضҵ۾Ŀн͸˸֮ɫϣҲԩƣңҺʱİ㣿 
ҳɨһۣ˶ɲ˼ֵ֪ģҲᣬɶ쳣ЦϦϣƾͺȣҲҾ÷ŹδϧıһС龻ɢ 
龻ɢ龻ɢʧǵţͻȻʢݺݶңƣԾӴ㣬С˱ңұҲŹ㣡һһ䣬ԹǣϧһҲûС 
ߵǰӸԭ㾹Ǹӣʧˡ㲻СǺܺЦһôȻûʲô˼Ҳʴңں޷ͬʱ˽֮м尾㲻Ǿӵо 
쳵ף˵ 
ҵҲصģұֵܣ䲻ʣȴ᲻塣ʩСͰˣҪġ 
Ȼǰһʩ񣺡˼Ȼ쳣罫Ż 
Ƴһۣ龻ɢԵƵҩҩҲֻóӴʲôҲˣǡ 
ȥ쳣ȡƵλȻΪţȴֻ֮ݾӴλֻǵһűӦһ֮λҲǡ 
ҶԸ쳵ĺֶΰסˣ׷׵ͷǣһǺ󣬸һƣһ磬ͬȺ̵ƹ¥ελãͬУ´Ʊڴķִԭִҡ 
һ󻥿һۣһԸԵȺҲ¶ԥҲ˵ҪԶƼұţȺӣڵϵףİίʵΪǡ 
ҶﰵЦȻɫҶ֪Ҿ֮ԼѽȥʤԤϣضѡСλǱŶ˲ţɵҲǱŵĺõӣΪ˴˺ʹˣλΪ˱ŵİΣʱԶЩƳһۣѡ֮£зֽ̡ 
ҵȻȴûʣһӺѲǿȺ󿴿ѣ˫˫࿴ᣬ΢Цϵϵŵӣǻ࿴˳Ҳǰ취λͳô˻׽׽ˣɲҪµһġ 
¾ʹ˶֣˰ƼұߵĲַԸȥе鶼֪˵ΪԼһ±չˣþá 

һصУԸ˭Ҳмˡ 
˵ʲôζܾúܾòˣֶˡ쳰ҵˣΪʲôҪָǺֱʹȥ˽ӣƺȷֲ 
ɵģڼ 
һǵ쳵ʱصɫЩܾЩطԡոջ߳ 
Щ쿴һӦʵȨǶηмӣܶŻвӣƺҲûʲôҰġ 
ͻ£ķӦȷҵϡ 
ſƾһЩҲ˽ǱȻȻֻǰҰæѣ޸֪˼̫Ҳûô 
һû뵽һķסҪ˵۾һôܡ 
ص̾˿صﲻʮѣⲻʲôǿʼı˼أԼֱû˼ˡ 
յģȻˣֻǿͷǰ治˵һɵסڿͷ˵ҲֻǸҴҵĹͶѡ 
ôҲȲ񷿺öˣ̲ס̾˿ 

ߵĲƼұ֮Ӳݴ߹ͷڳУǰƾɵĲݡϢݴҲϢŲҶҶڷ̫бû 
Ƶʱ֣һѾһ͵ƣһʳоֱ߽ǸƴŮӡҺȻԼﴵǼɵ£龻ɢҩֻʱ쳵ĹӦѾָˣԼӦ 
ոճͻȻ쳱дһ˿˭ģҳһæӵſڣͣһŮӷ߳ϡƴȻǰƿ쳵͵͵ƺһȻ˰ 
˲ö룬һ߿ţ˫ŷСʯӷɳļ羮ͻѨλͷٿ쳣ϱһϸţǽߣϲһö޼ɫݣͻȻҲԾ 
ҴҴҼһ˴ö޼ϸ£ŵ⣬ǾƷеľƷƴССѾ߿õõġۼѪæӻȡѨλ 
쳺Ȼһ£ֹҪԾ 
ͷһƴƺѪȻ 
Һڲղж°ͣ޶֤ˡ 
ûˣһҲͶڡ 
΢һɼ䣬ָָ⿪Ȼҵķ˵нҩ 

ǻԺν쳵ķ䣬ϰԵشӴߵڶȡҩ䣬Ųžʲôûб䣬ʲôϤλã־Ϳõ쳺γɻѾסĶȴûȡߡ 
С˿ڣѪϽҩɴһСʱܵȥܣÿ˺ۼػʱҽΡġλԸ£ÿβŪҩǰһѰײ˵ĵطĹĵͷһӣֻžǴʱʼһ׾ҽһ֮ء 
СС쳣ССƣиСΡ 
̧ͷö쳵۾ƫޱȵĿֱֱҵϡ΢΢һݣʵֻˣǲԾسڻУʵĿôһж£ȴź˿ղܡ 
ҩŻԭԥҪҪһʱ͹ˣΪʲôˣͻȻһűιסССһ£˿ȻѾָˡ 
ƣǺ磬ɱǺ󶼲Ҷ˵֡бҾ⡣Цţʹ𣿡 
Զԡʹ죬ܣԭȸܣҲ֪Ҫܺùһ㡣 
ҼΪҪԸңˣǻġ 
ҲˣñҸ࣬еʱѾ治˭ˡ 
龻ɢʱ͸ȫ˲𣬱Ͼҵ͵͵ƳõҩۣҲ֪ 
һ£ǰעĺãƴôŵģܻ˭ָʹû 
ϧȫףЩòˣƣ쵱ڰѾͳͳҳڵôãڹ𣿡 
Ͽʼջǵط̣û뵽쳻ῴôһ仰͵Ҽùġϸҵ飬޲֮ɫãԭҲǻںģ֮λ㲻ںСҪĶͳͳںʹǰϳȥҲʲôҲûһܻãԭΪųһڲ֪ﵽ׻ǻ⣬׻ںԼߣ֮ԽԽء 
һֱ쳾ʲôȻҲʲôĿʵ˲ҽйϵҧҧ´˵ȴֲ֪˵ʲôáҵȷϲãҲӦ˽𶥱䣻һںĶֻǺͬѡ 
ƺҲԼղŵĻе㲻⣬ûеӦ;ת˻⣺ 
ңطʲôϵΪʲôôգΪҲ֪ǸԵǸʲôġȻЦȴЦ⣺û뵽ȻΪ˸ڣƫƫǸϺУôҸ˻ᱻסɣ 
طֻֿ³ʼδģƽʱ˵Ӳ٬ݡҳԾؿһۣŲЩˣŪʲô˵ʲôУʲôʱ˵ĵˣ 
Ŵһ飬˰ӣ쳵˱ʲôϵ 
쳵ǰǿ࣬ҵֻʣ°˳ɣֻ֣ĿԵЩ 
ְΣ̾һʹңָȴ󲻷š 
𣿡αһֳƣ֮ɫ㵱Ȼƽʱ˭˵˭ң˭ܹ 
˵̧ɨһۣǣ̵·㿴ȥºͣʲô鶼̩Ȼ֮ʲôʱ֮ܰأϵ·һȾ۾дųףľܾ˵Ҫ˭㶼泩Ȼֱʮȫʮֻӽ˲֪жĮƽ֮ǰֻҪһһ񶼿ԣҾͲ㣬ƫƫһ仰Ҳ˵ҲϳҿһۣӲռϷ硭 
ҪȴûеĶ㶼Сõ͵÷Ѿ˼͵ƭȻˣֻҪ֪Ҫһԥøң֪Щҵģʩҵġһʩȥ͵ȥȥƭ֪ʱҶŵλʲôƻźˣȴһƯƯź޷ŽҪЩͳͳã 
˵̫ˣĺЩ٣Ƕһٻǲסڣ˵ҲҪλáһҲֵǸʱҾ¶ˣȻʲôҪҾʲôҪšС֣ȫҪץСѪϴƹɣһŹ 
Ҵ쳣ʲôڷڷ治ʲôζֻúʹʹҴӲ֪뷨ڿʱġ 
˵ŲڣҲĻҲ׽˵쳵ôԼȴôģܿͱûˡ 
ƣͻȻԼܸɾôĺܸɾ㶼ܸɾȴۻ࣬Ѫȣһ˷˵ʱĵڽª̲ˣҩҲñԼֵĽȡ˷һ˭벻жĹؼȻһţ͵ظ췭ңЩ˭ģ˭ȥϵϼأڿ죬亹˶ͷס۾쳻˵ǲͣ־䶼޴ĴӣһһõͷۻҶȷʵãһֱ㣬κ˸㣬ң 
ʶץס˴ıԵҲãʲôҲãҵʲô֧סԼУѾҵʹʹ裬޷ 
ЩѶˣֻǸ쳾е˶ѣ޷ѡ 
쳣ֻһ¡ 
һֻУôҪҲҪ 
ʲô 
ǡСεĸ顣ӹ绨ӣϲȴ϶㣬ûпǹҡ 
ţ𣿡 
Լ֮Ҳ㡣ʱɻţȻˣǰº𣿡 
쳵ЦˣִҵļϣͻȻݺһƣԭΪԼܻҵЩˡȷûӮڸɣʶط磬˹ģһȥŹ֣ûа취ӦС 
û̫ˣ֮ûôһʹӳúܣԺɡ 

ҼǲԼλȥġǸסЦ˲ʶ쳣Ĳǡ 
ǰЩûаʵ㣬һֱȵΪƹһУҲܻͷʱŶ˵ʲôӣߵʱҵﲢûͷǽֹѣġŵܱҪο㡣 
Ȼ򵥣ȴҵĻᣬõĻᡭ 

Ѿҹˣҵķȴ͸ƹ⣬˭ͷʹ̾ʡˣԵɡ 
ƿţȻǸЦеϺУϰһɰߣڡ۵öҲ붯ˣҰ˰֣ʦ̫ˣٺȺʵǡ 
ҵĻˣԵվǿ絽ǰһԽԽҷӦ֮ǰƬȵĴѾ˹ǵ͸۾ϣԼΣûĸλڵˡ 
ҼЪ˹еľжסˡʲô侲ȣֻƿץ򣬻ֱ͡һԵͺͷȻ˺һƬ¶ںڵͷı۰ɿˣˣֱ˵ǽ߻δضס 
ǿƵ˻ðɵĸоʶ 
ǡ 
Ե衱һʱжһߣҡҷĵƹ£¶һЦĿס 
ط硭Ҳûˣֻۿط洺عְұ 
ɺãɫôôĵ 
һҡǰҵػζطģµĵذһ޻һҡ 
ʧȥʶ֮ǰֻü˵⼸֡ 

ʮ¡ƽ˾ 

еĶ䣬ͽϲµʪǵ䣬ǽꡣ̿¯ÿҹλȸоĶǴ̹ǵĺ⣺֣Ľţͷķƣ׷Ҳ벻ξ 
Ȼһҹͬ 
Ǻůͣͷůţʹڻ˯Ҳʶһ㣻УڵҹѹجηǳԵԽԽףüĿ΢ЦţͻȻط󣬵ʱȴԼãһ˯ʵʣô 
ׯʱҲй˿ͬĳͬȻҲͬķӦұܵһһȫû¡аγֺ֣Ų֣ſжɣ 
ðţׯģ˯ߵ˲ˣǸ֮ͣһɺ޵Цûǹڴ΢ţϡԱ߱ӵźÿȷʵط磬Ρ 
ֻпЦһĶζ֮ǰͬˡ 
ðܵʲôأŴʱţҪϢǱ̸ףӦǹĲŶԣԵǼÿ춼˽ɨӲزסˡ 
뵽΢΢һݣطǸ˼ܵˣΪһʱѪóȻǰģȻ˾ͱضšѾôˣϼҡΣķﰵӿڵġʱǰ쳵ĻһһԺô̹ǵĲƽԹˡԾش˸䡣 
ϺȻһȦסˣűһϣӲֻر˼ˣ˯ɣ۳ʲôˡ 
ůůıӣϤĻׯֻˡеһʱ᲻ⲻסӿ˯ǾͿ˯ȥ 
Ϊʲô̽ʡǧ˵Ȳģš 
׼ȷذסҵ֣žһĺǷȻȲ迴Ϸģôãеˡϵֱ۶˶峯ŲøЩ˯л˵ҿǳ;ģˡ 
ȶȵϢھϣҵݸϰԵе㷢ǣڰӳѾ̫ˣ˯ɡ 
ů͡ 
ط磬뿴ϷͿˣǺϷ̨ءֻǿɲ˺Ȳ迴ϷʲôʵӦ㡣 

Щ벻ңϤȵвЩУܺ 
 
벻ң 
طȷʵһһҪ˯Ͳܱ 
𣿡õ͵͵ģպ壬ˡ 
Դ˿̵˵εĳжݳޣּʹڰ˯ҲشεĲӬж಻ԭ¡ԺһֱչȥȻ첲˯ЩǺġ 
žɾ䣬öµĴл 
 
ҼǵԭûëŵĴ֮ţдǧͿġׯһӡ΢۾е㷢ࡣ 
㲻Ȳ迴Ϸô 

в壬ðŰصӣһ߾ط翡ӣ΢Щ㱣û뵽ټʱֵط 
ȵȣʲôʱˣһ£Ҽ£ﲻҪҶҪȥһ¡ 
ȥеĻͶˡ 
ϵĶʱסˣתºйأ 
شҵһĺǷɻشϣҿһϵҲûУǶɵԵʦĺߵġָָͷɮߡ 
ǻ㣬̲סһۡ 
ط磬Եһֱ𣿡̫ܣôá 
Ȼ̾˿ǣϲŵģҵǺǸϺҲһ˳ߣӲǲͬ⣬Ҳûа취 
ıҲͲߣƳһۣе㲻ţԼߡ 
ڵ˵סԵ裬ԸʲôӲźãͬʱ֡һٴαҵĶΡ·ǰߣһԹҸϡ 
ĵһڻϲĸоǸǡ 

ΪʲôͻȻˣ˰첻ɵ飬ڽ⣬ĳ˵ļ֣صȻڴϡ 
طĴֳһ˿һ»ȻϲŵڶʮߴŵġƲǰڽϵ룬һ֮ޣʮˮתһ٣֮ˣĳ൱ףһʮȫʤҲǡ 
ȻҲơִ³ʱ̶ǳղŵǼٵģʱʱһҲû䡣 
ϣҲֿ˵ġʶҧס촽ͻȻʧȥ˼˵飺лׯԣѾϲˣذɡ 
طҡҡͷûϴ𻰣ȴˣ¹ڿ˲Ϳͣƾ⼸仰Ҳ򷢲ҵģοôŸˣ㣬㲻𣿡ŲŲڱ§סңôô࣬ɷѿĲŰôһ㣬ȫݻˡ 
ѵõºأֻ̬Ⱥͻתδ̫죬һʱ֪ôشˡ 
޹ذɣ 
ƾܼ£Ӵסţ޹أô 
 
һкܶҪ㡣⽥תԸо鲢ǺܺãҼǵĵر֤ʱô˵ģû£ûôҲûôڰһֲ㲼ӣ޷һͷȥˣò죬ȵżȻǲķڷ 
֪ûϸԵʦÿȲĿġǺأץס̸飬ֻŬԼȥ£ط磬ԼľҲãҲã̸˺𣿡ҹһ𣬺쳵ĹϵѾױһ飬壬ÿʱιʹҲûãҵĿģˣʱ˿̣Ҳ䳰ȷ 
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ĬȻǽӵŵͨŻҵĵϸȲҵ书Ϊ֮£ѱϡ˹Ϊ£ȻͲᷴʲôˡ 
طҵɫ΢΢һЦǸ쳵Ȼûȴһȥֻ´زסԭҵϣʱʼϻµһֱؿڡ 
ط粻ǳЦˣЦҲһԷֳ֡һЦȻʮ㣬ȴҲЩΣϸ۲Ŭгɷ֣֪֣ļ£ 
ЦݲĿкȻʢ֮£ҲӦ 
ҳһǷԣǲͬ⣬ǲӦƺתأﰵĻмǵġѵǰĿģ϶ֹڴˣ⻰ʲô˼ 
ҽҲӦ˼طָᰴǰ̴дѨϣ֪򵥵ķЧȵѨٰʹ֪ţһֱ˻ؽȥ˵Ǻܼ򵥵¡ 
㡭Ǵ󾪸ŴڣöŶԣѵĵɣ 
ֻҪƻֹأвԵ֤ô֮λׯû񣬴ؽ괦þˣԵʦ˵ָѨλƿһΪ㲼µӾֻһ־磬ǲҵģˡ 
ҡͷ 
⣿Żû𣿡͵͵ұΪЩӣûῪˣԭôۡ 
Ļʵ̽ĳɷֱȽ϶࣬ҳĬЩܡ±ҵѡ쳺˶ϵķʽȴû˿⡣쳲ܣԶǸծ۵һط翴ôۣԼܵľǣʲôУǧҴ󷽵һֻԮ֡ 
ţ˴˵ϢߣӦܲҵĺˡ̧۾ǰſ˼աʮֻ꣬ѣΪʲô׼ȷҳһʩػԣҺ쳵ľİŲڷ̴Ѩϵһʳָķ 
вĸоţŵ£ط֪ƺ̫ˣҶһ㲢ΣԵ޿֡ƾԵ費ΪṩôϢģӦҿ϶Ǹеλĵӣ˵ֹһ 
ڼ飬ĻɲǿѨ磬ѵйزɡ 
ִǰһж⣬̬ķչҺ쳵Уڣûжһ֮⣬ʲôҲûˡ 
ŷط磬лΪҿǣֻԼ㵱ӦֻҪ޹ؾͲֵģ֪һŵɷֵǧ𡣡ֻ취ｫסˡ 
йأȻйءط絭ܸˣҲ˳ֵģ׵ġ 
һγԤϣмΪΪõԤУףǺвӦصġɷϣĻһ㡣 
ʲôף 
Ŀ׵΢âһ˵Ľܼ򵥣ұ㵽ׯСסЩӣ㲻۵Ӧɣ˵ۡʱԼˡ 
ҪģӦûֵҪ󣬿ǣΪʲôһ׮һ׮ûнʱҾؿһֻۣĿпεԽԽңԶԭ򵥵ԽԽǸӣԼµĴһ 
һŭֱҾǲӦأһʳڣڡ 
ǵȻãαطҪһζ۴أ̻ؽˡ 
ΪζҪҸؽꣿ 
ôЩһֱʧߣȥӦΪûп˯˵Եʡ 
 

̸еѾΪ̣һͿأƣʵƤĺȾԶǵ֡ϴʱŷ־ԼΣþòʣȻ϶ǱһЦġ 
Ǹʱһȷ˯ζʲôҵһοʼ濼ɵġطʲôϵĴ𰸡 
ط磬ֻǴӦСסһ¶ѣһСסҲСסģҿʲôҲ֤ˣУȻҴģܵҫܲúдʶһŵֶΣ 
һ˼жҩãһ߳ͷĹ΢Цϵζޣȫǰ 

Ԫգƽţԭ쳣ͨ潭ԵʦΪ֤µһׯƽ˾Ȼ޲ 
ŵָʾԪδʱڵ½λʱΪ˱ȶׯεʱ䣬εĵصεò֪ 

ʮ¡ 

˵Ԫҽźĵһ죬Ƕ˼ӼĺʱȻĳ˵ĵҼû£һֱ뱻ȥȥֱڴϲȻ򣬸ŴΪա 
׵дšóѡ֣ЦҲúúЪһ졣ϵͷ˯һһȫ޷ӦȻ§סҵӣԶԶûгԹͽĩҶװ˯Ŀа˼⣺ŵĵ̣ׯΪʲôԳ˻ȣİں󣬷ɵ̶ȣҾôģЩʱȴɵĿȳ֮˵ġסһ 
ˣ˯ɡûаϵȥ˯ֻýͬޣׯҹ˳µš 
ÿһ춼ƽ˾жãò¼ɣùĶǡ 
ʸҪ˯ţװ˯ͻȻ˵ˣ˽ˣǵȥһ˰ɡҵѾס˺Щ꣬Ҳȥ羰ϲġ 
طĸףݣ΢΢һݣ˯ʱȫֻҪܹҴȥˣȥƹһǰ伣ˣԭһֱסڴסǸԷĵط 
طһĸףΪʲôΪһȥ 
ᷭط۾ģҡҿеĺ壬ֻ֪ڵ˵ 
롣ұ룬ⲻһԵش顣 

ŵ¡ҵ¶֪ȴ⡢Ŷ¶ȥ̫׵̫׵ 
һͻȻһΣҸô졭 
ҾнˣռƼұĳɵнİϡӴ꣬ǰ޵УطֵšЩɺϣĽɺ 
زΪӪԼֻ֪վŵ⣻ң쳺ΣԼϵӣһҸ䲻 
ط磬㵱Լ˿ҵĶֻңϷӦɣΪ˯ߵʱҺܰġ 

峿𴲴Ҵϴԥһ£Ǿȥ쳡ٹŵˣطĻе㲻ġ 
ط˼ˮ԰οԼһαݵͷɮ۴Ϻò޲õߣﵽԵȲȥˡ뵽ԵźȲ龰˲Ұ⼸ҪٺԵ򽻵 
񱻡Լķ𡰿ءƾڣָġӲͷƤߵǰ£ؿ˽һԴζתȥӣǶԵϵӣѾ˵߱ɣ֮ǰʵװŪػһַͨӦ 
ҧҧŶ롣 
ѡҲ߽䣬ȻϣʵǱ۵ġ 
һ㣬ҿƵģ߰΢Цƣ𣿡 
ڴͷȻҲãϵı컹ûе̯˱顣ûµ˼ֻԼ˰ӣû𣿡 
ʲôģͲˣòżʵģ΢΢Цһ£˵ɣûµĻǲҵġ 
м㡣˶ǻľģͬĿˣҲûзӦˡƮƮҵԺʲôۼҲû£治ɫؽ⣬Ҳ꣬ǸʲôЩĵӵģǵɿ𣿡 
ҵƺϣĿһҵ飬ûϻش𣺡ʲô鷳ˣ 
طǱŵ£ʱֳɣܲǰ취⼸һӵȥ㿴Σ 
ƣͷббһ˹ؿڣ㵱ΪԼǱŵˣ˵һ˲ɣҵҲʾ;еô 
ֿ֪ͣʼҧ촽ˣҳĬҲαϣϴ̸ʱ׵һ˿һ˿Լɫ 
쳣ǰЩѾˣЩŵĵӣϣرǴ㵱ɫѡĶ𣿡 
ûд𻰣Ҳûпҡ 
ڽҵ½ɵִвƽҲԹϣԺȻγɱŵ֧Ҳеķ̬ơ 
ˡ̧۾ʳָŴͷС㿼ǵȷʵܵЩòģҵ£ƺм̵һ˲䣬ˣǻʧˣ֮Įÿϲŭֵ顣 
֪еŵ⣬ӵľЩ˵ǲˣǲǴˣ뵱ƹûһǰĹϵֻҪһ㣬ҾͻУǸʱҺÿһˣСҲ⡣ 
ܳȻÿֶľͷϿ̻ĺۼЩѣΣ뷨ʵҵ֮УΪǰʱһִϤۣǵһ𳤴ĵϵӡڱֵͬʱϵµӽš 
ϵƹһƬԶȥȴɢӰҵѲ˹ϵ 
Щŵĵӣ𣿡ǿ 
ǳǳЦˣǲǶģǶģұôΪģֱŷδˣƣ˵һӦøлǡҡҡͷͻȻЩɺѴͷ˵ҲУ㡣 
쳵ڵϣɱΣ˵ʲôζʱϵӵɫƺַ̡ 
ȥߵſֱסƣһ£ǻ˻֣ûʲô߰ɡ 
ߵ⣬е͵жҽʧ¹¹֪֮ú¹˭֡ 
֪ú¹˭֡ 
Ȼʲôõôʹһβᣬպһ컹ǻҶϵġ 

ҵС£ŵĻȦӵ֣Ѱ׫ƻҼǵòĻλȺ֮ľˡ 
˰ǽ΢ЦŵһƣǼ̣ǰŴִЭͬ£˳ѻ 
˻࿴һۣûһֽӡѰ̤ǰһֵֽ֮ʣ֪Ŵ˿̺ԷҪҵȵ룬Īۣڴ˵أ 
ȥЦݣˣɫԲӣλǱţҲ֮⡣ȷ⻼߱ƣ²ǳѧ裬٣©ΣŴˣУλǱˣȥǱͬЭúô㣬ǽиһŵӱи֮ء˵һҾأԼеϷζв⣬һ֮¾иλˡ 
ǲʱõĲɣ½λھλʽһ˵йģҲ˵ͨȥ̽˼˵ʵ滰ԴһϵյӲ޶ĵĻԴӴԴΪԳŷ֧ңӦ쳽Ҫ¹֣һ·ʱһ֧ƣѾܹܵˡ 

Ȼһ˼һվǰ׷ˡ 
ԶԶˣǽ̸䣬Իطʰװסúܽ۲죻ʱ֣һ緹ָԻطҪСһٳʱѰС߳ת˼תƵԵסСݣŽȥˣע⵽ŵķʽر£ͣһ£һ¡ 
ط˵һ춼 

صʱط绹ûл 
²һ£֤ʵһˡ 
Сʱ֪Ǹɽˮ㣬ļ紺ĺõطģһʱ뿪ҲûܻȥʵۿǸطǲĸ˵ôڿɽˮҲӲްġ 
طĸǰѡ躹ޡǰſʼɵӣƹ֮ңڶʮǰ˵ʱܶܶ飬ȷ˵̳ƹһ꣬ʱ˵ʱ͵ŵԵס 
ȷȻ޷֪Ϊ׵ʮӦȫڰɣ 
ݻѭƹ׷鵽ŵģ϶ƹĺˡһƬ˼Ľ֮飬ˣ⣬ıԶֶҹе˽ʮģһĴҲˣˡ 
лգڵŭ벻ʷţȴղѹһеĿֻţطһ䣬Ȼ벻һΣ̬Ѿƿˡ 
ҧס촽ֱҧ̻ƽҾ֣ҧһڡұ侲ͷһ˿ģϣҲǾôߡ 
ҲطΪʲôҪ£Ҳ־ΪοϵһҸӵ˼һظĪ⡣ 

ʱӲͷƤ˱ƽʱһķˣطԾϺ˶ĿȻ󣬳Էʱúܲҡ 
֮ǰûʱ˵صҵģȷʵô˵ġ 

ŽбӰһʱ붫һʱֱ֨ѽһˣԵţһֳߣһְɮۣѾˣ 
վֱֱû׻Ҳʧȥ˹ĨǵģҲͷʣط磬Ⱦָ𣿡 
ط΢΢һ漴תΪȻ·߷߹ѾԹȥ˴ȲҪ̸ 
仰ʵҵĲ²⡣һúĿĵʲô 
ҵĿ㲻֪𣿡طĿҵ촽ϣŻ£ͣҵϣüͷôϲֹȥϵԼĹĻǡ 
ĿԶڱ仯һǺȲ裬һǿϷô֪ͷмĳݺۣһȻǳѪˣⲻҪһҲҪ̧ͷ˵ 
طüƮһĨĬΣ̾˿ŲĻǲǴ㵱ҶˣŶôҪ 
ıĻɢǣסҵ֣ҪôţҲᶯıһëģ˰ɣ 
˵仰Ȼ㼥֮⣬ȴýʱˡڴߣȻûûе緹ǳˡ 
طҵ֣ʣʲôʱ 

ʱ˶û˵仰һͷƼֱϸոõļɴⱲӴû£еᡣ 
ǽ˷ݵķ˻ɵģ취ˡ 
ʲôҲûдŶԣѾôңΪʲôһе飿 

֮˺ĬϴЪȷ˵ɶ˯ʵܶ࣬ൽ֪ôӺطĺȻƽȹ򣬵֪Ҳû˯š 
ɵʱ֣̲סˣ컹£Ҳ۾ɵ 
ת㡭𣿡 
˯ˣҲˡΪ׼һҹءʲôʰɡ 
жҵԵף 
Ĭһ˶ϣһ˸ 
ҵһԶԶҵ롣 
ŵˣֻͬҪŵõЩšôȶֻҪûһƲһƹ֮ҵĴҡ 
˳£һҧֻҧǵĳ嶯ȵҹˣ没ѾõµһׯׯòɽȻЧʮǰǰӢۣƽϢɸ꣬ʱ֮֮֮λ˭ԩĹ˵ȥأʶһȻҲһȥġ 
Ϊȴֻһ̾ϢԭҲŵĹ 
֪λش̾ϢĲͬһ˿˵ΣĪ˼ʮǰׯǸϣǸʱǻòſô顣 
ֻҪҲΪţȵԪʮһҾ뿪ʵѲˡ 
ҵļƻһֱؽУǰŶ̯ƣ˵һ᲻طģ㵽ʱߵ飬һŲ¡ 
ĸоϮͷҷŵ£Ȼŵ£ʲôֵþ֮أ۾һòԼʱʲôµģڡһʱͺˣκ 
ûм̸£ֻս§סҵֱۡ 

ϣطһΪʳڵ⣬Ŀƽʱȫͬ㡭޲ҵ 
̫ͻȻһʱ 
û뵽ΪܾǰʹԼ飬ǲӦǸ˫յҲûиĸҲûмңȴ̵һԳɫöᾡĶŮ֣֮ĸĿ֮ǰԹ߲ʣܶܶࡣ 
Ȼô룬ЩƺҺԶԶǱ˵飬ԼкͽϣʵûһУҽڱԹ޵ͬʱӦȥһˣ˵һˡ˵úûȥƺҪ 
޲ޣôΣ³Ͼɺˡ 
Ȼʡʱ˿ҾȻĶͬһŴϣýģúȻ 
һŭ֪Լˣطֻҵϣȥơ˿øˣĻشδҲ̫۲ˡ 
ȻŭеѾ˶գһҵͷþȫݺһҧֱϣ̳ζ 
ط绹û֣Ҳûгҷй 
һع뵽ҪɿʱѾ˺һ 

һޱˣ´͵ƣһСطȻѾѪģҵͷͿҩһ۵Ҳûˡ 
һֻ΢΢̧۾Ƶĵƹӳط΢Цţŵ£һ㡣 
ҷӦƬůĴѾ겻͸ط˹ 

ʮ¡ֻ 

ε£ô 
òôģа취 

а취 
а취ңƿУֻеȴ 
ĶԻеͶˣΪ˯ˡ 
ڴС۾ʱ뵽ľԻΪӡ̫̣˯ﶼסظԵʡ 
ɫѾӴ͸ˣ΢һ졣 
˯ұűط˸ 
߿տҲ 
˯ʱȫ죬ġطǺʱȥģšҲɹӡӣִһ£ȻҲģ״ȵشм䰼ȥ˵㻡ȡ 
ǳǳĻȣطżǳǳĴһ͡ 
֪ΪΣеĻҡ 
ϣطҡ˵ûʲôôСֵģǹˣʱƬµطĥᵭů紺磬޵෴º͵ʺӵһ´ǣŻһ㣬Ͼ˶ˣˡңϰͬ˯һͬʱҲϰʱʱֱۺǡ 
ȫͬģҼ͸ȫˣϢ͵ӿҸܣֻ沨طҾԼǰζΪֳ̫ˣŶڣҪȺúÿһҪβ븹ܳԵһǬ㡣Ƶ¥֮ǰƺҲأ 
˸ս࣬ƺҿɱˣϵ࣡Уͬģط硣 
ů͵ˣе㷢ȥЩʲôأѾȥˣڡ 
ʶñסͷѾȥˡ 

нŲԽԽҼæӱ 
űƿˣһרڶ峿ĺ֮뷿䣬ɮâЬϺ߽еЦţطַͨʽЦֱӣŬ¶һԾ΢ЦѵԵʦ峿ˣˡ¹ڲδԶӭ֪кιɣ 
طǰ˵һ䣺СĵǸԵϺУҵǰ˵ҪСЩԵһԣֻôʮ־ 
ЦеضҺʮϺԼһϣɮڹ̻ãĲҲѾŽն£ٶ߶ţǡ 
ûϴ𻰣Žն¡仰Щ죬Եÿ˺Ȳ²Ļþ¶ŶԡһĿٱʱҲٻô˵ֻ˲Żᡣ 
ԽԽ̽⼸ƵƵ̽˼汻̽еˡ 
ʦ˵ﻰʵУǡɮۿһۣɨ˴ʦׯƷ̸ˣŲǡʦѵ˴˵أβգĪˣ 
Եҡͷ۾еøϸˣʩЩܵ޵֮˵ֻɮѶ㶯ˡɮߺʩƾɮסʩϾһˡ˵еϸϸĿɨŴطɹͣһ 
ǿ򶨣ԽסЩ̣·ϺпʲôӦܵ飺ˣʹʦһ̡˵ż£ȴסɮһˣȥȥʩͲؾд֮ˡ 
֮ˣȥȥ֮Ǻǣ޹ңҺȻЩĽ 
ЬſڣҾʦмӣΪΨнġԵԸͬɽƷԵҵİ⼸仰֪˵ÿ쳣 
Եʮһţʹתȥ 

һɮǱ벽ģƵشϣܾʲôطԾ˵תͷطͷһĴֱĵֱƽ 
ǰ˵Ե費뿪ô˵߾أһطɵĺ£һģһٵģ 
ȫǰͣ񾹲ϰٸڼ飬ط˵Ҫңΰ﷨֮ǰȫ֪ 
һСطʵģȫġطһƬ⣬֪żһֱڰңǲѰ׫ƻҵǰƣ׳ﻮļƻҲȫ̸ҡǺϰֺ޻֮Уʲôÿׯ绽꣬Ȼ绽ꣻңҴͷβûռһϷ硭 
ڣҶʲôԼ׼ôȫ֪޴ӲԼҲֻڴϼ˯ 

ţſˣͬ庮Ŀͬһɮ۵Ϻ߽ЮһֱůůĴϣѾˣ 
֪ʣûпֻǿժȥߣɮۣЬӺ£ЦУϰԵ§סҡһе͹ݺһڵս 
ûƽʱôůͣģ˺ܾƺҲ˿⡭ 
һˣղŵҲ֪ɵȥˣΪʲôȥ롣ûһ΢㣬ǰŲһ¡ 
ط紽ߵЦˣĿҵѲһȦͣڣ档е㲻ҵһ㣬ٶҴתעԵʦղˣǵġ 
ڿˣܺðĵв㣬ǵöز±ײ 
زأҿÿģڵúܡ 
ԵĶԻͬĵţֻ˵˾䣺ͺã֮Щˡ 
ҹܳȥֻΪ˴ߣ 
ֻ˳ѡϢҵĶܽԽԽģܣҲһ£һۡ 
ܾе֡ 
ҹϢķֶ汻Ϯˣء 
ҳһ˭ɵģ 
شϾڣٶͥγԸƣҺһʡķֶص޴ֶ֪ȥذʡֶβӦĿԾʹ󽵵ˣһʡֶཫҡ 
ʲô˵ҵĻ룿 
طһͷһȦȦϣֱͷȥֱֱͷһ㣬ֻֻҵӶͷüëٵ۾ֱΪʲôҵġ롱ĸо˵ҵȻûг롣 
㡭ƽʱһЩһ˿޵̾Ϣ 
ʱȼΪҵһЦ첼û뵽ҾȻҲ 
ʣңط绹û̸⣬æ׷һ֪˭ɵ𣿡 
һطпհɣһƲ׾ʧȻʧˣ֮һ⣺ҺģΪʱҵעƵҵҪæȥӣߵļƻѾȫʵʩˡ 
Ѿˣһǲһƭ 
 
㲻ȥ£ԼԸ𣿡 
ƳһۣҵļƻӦ֪ԲŶԣʱҿǱţȴûѡˡ 
һʱ˵赭дƻ˵ƭԼĸףǸǶıʮصݡ 
Ȼˣֶ浱ϮҲһ֣һƭ 
ȻˡƵҵİΣЦֻϺⱲҲŹˡҺֻо·˲ãȻʡ£;̽ϢĻ֤˵Ǻϡ 
Ǻϣˣ;˵̫޷췴ɡ·;ңԶⷬŷ˶ 
ôҴô죿 
ȻҲôҺĹѪɱǲɣĴֹС֪ƹٴΣֻܸβǡֻҵúܣ֪첻¶ڣҵץʱС 

ϴطӻͳһССֽ̯д֣ 
ͦεСּһ˸֣ȺѰ׫ÿ˶ƣƹЩϵÿ˶ѧŵİַҽͶ 
ȫ֪ˣΣʹΣȻʵˡ 
ط翴˿ҵɫҪʱҵҪ޵УЩ˻źͳʲٿءʱǿӦˣһֱ£ϲЩ顣 
ˣֻоͲˣŬƽЩ 
طһڽͣԼң꣬СæϰһҪʲô 
һеЦﾹмˣ֮⣬ĺԼãҲȷʵϧ֮顣㣬ö죬ȡʱӦò⡣ 
Ū㸸ײҪ𣿾û취ˣݱԼĶñʵֻͷˬɻǲòǺԡ 
û취ϺҵʤһСط紽ߺȻ¶һ˿ֻԽƻݵЦݣͻȻԼҪˣпܣ۰űˡ 
ⲻǷϻ 
취ʵƭ˵Ϯʡ°ȫˣҲüûˣֲ١ϧô˵ǲɿڡΪź̾˿ 
 

дЩ棬⼸ڽһ˵ȵţѸٲˣһм¶ҲزţȻݵļƻˡȻԽŽҲ࿹ҲûˣЩʵ̫Ϥŵĵϸ 
ҧ촽˼ţҪط̫ˣϾǣЩҲԳȴƭ˵زĸ֪Щʲô˭Ҳ֪Կ϶ʲҪ˵Ҳİţ˱ɵֶΣ˲ĽһƬⱻ̤жʹҺ 
ŵĽǶЩһҲ˵Ѿ͸ˣֻҪ˲ˣٻеȵءŵĶѧҩѧǲྫ΢֮״ƾ͵ͳȥһ۰צǲѧġҲµò޵ἱҪЩɢܣԷ¶šɣǾЩѧȫѧıͼ 
˵һ˵ӦȫڲŶԡ 
չݲģƹй˼ĽԷסǵļ䡣 
ҽഫԳһң֮ܣȷ˵ԲѨλ룬עס˵ļ䡣Ĺעʱĳ̾ãꡢʮꡢԶ 
ôʵʩأ뷨̫ҺڣŻõ˲Ҫסһٶ˵ļ˵Ҳûһʱ䡣طڣҸ޴֡ 
һң½ԽԽԽԽ޷һУǳᡣ 
΢һطĬȻңĲ׵ͫ˿⣬ôרעӣ·Կ͸˼һеģºͶԴɬĿ⣻Ǹһݡ 
ӣ㲻̫ͬ 
ûҪ˼ܿҵͼҡҡͷô˵ 
仰ƺ֮УºͿɬĸоˣɫתΪ£û뵽θڻͦ˵˵Ź 
Ҫסǵļ䣬Զ벻żʲôѧʲôڶֱ˵Լ΢һǰԽԽתĨˡ 
طüţžûˣŶ³ϲӬĶƺĺţҵҪ󷴶⣬һ˿ϣ 
ϴӦֻҪÿʩһˡ 
ΪҪӦ˵аٺһ飿㳰Ȼÿʩһ룬ΪԼõҲ㡣æ˵ң㻹úҪôλ÷쳽ε飬ûô˵ 
޺޵ΪʲôǰɵƵıµƿԣȷʵ쳽Щ¡ͽͷƤ顣 
һ̣ֻҪڣҿԱ֤ҾΪСˣסǵļαԼȥ 
УطôίͨϲһǲҲΪأվһߣζűȻҪ븸׶ҲҪҵô˵ôҲûУûСʼŵ£ҲӦǡ 
һʱ䣬еĻȥٹܣ룬ٷա 
һ˵ˣ˿òˣ˭Ϊȡʲô 
οҲܲ˳ƹˣϯŵĻ뾫ӻ쳵ģʹﳤȥݵԸ 
ܲˡ 
ط磬Բ𡭡һû취ûӣ˶ʼһϣǿӣǱ߸· 

ԥõġʱ࣬˵ҽӣаնŵһˣʩˣ 
 
ھңеӽһٶǿɵĵͻȻȫʧԵʣ 
 
ٹ죬ҵɾҪܻˣôԸ 
 
Ŀ˼˿Ц⣬㵱治Ұô 

һأ 
òΪˡһǵģһʧõϲá 
ⲢҵһδΪѵľأǣԸվҵ˼֧֣ͷһء 
͹ˡ 

ڶʮ¡²ְ 

ܾԴĳԺŵ̨Ϸøˣ򱻴̨Ƶ̨Уʼ˱֮ǰҪյöĿգԼԻöԻΨһֵҵǣ̨Ŀǰƺû˿Ϸǣһòʱ䡣 
νµʱط缸ǲɷ˵Ʒԭȵ룺ôˣڼ֮ڸÿʩһǲܵģаҲСҡһ£ƺڿδǣҵ֡ 
ֻпЦ仰ҪǲڣлʩҺֻĸҪλԹϣ͵ðĿǰ״гȻʹޱƣ⼸ҲһһһһһֻΪסͽļֱһָѨĿԱȽϴһiʹǹԹͬУĸ˰ֻȫϣ˵Ҫʱ䡣ת۱ȥһʮأ 
طܸɴࣺһе˶ݻ֮ǰʱԶܣڶѶ֮ǰлٽӴǡҵҪȥšڶ࣬Ǳģһϵⲻӡ 
ĬĬ˼ǱȻģһıͱȽ϶ˡȻƲݣôʱǳ׵ؿסһٶ˵жҲԱ֤һʧ 
ҩ԰Ǻ˵ԵҲȫ֮˳ȥͱ⡣ 
̧ͷطϾ˵ 
ͻȻˣ£ׯȻԸңΪۣϣ˼죬ҲţҲ˼ 
ڰ£ܲͷ 
ҵİֻ֣ 
̾˿ؿڣȻˣ㿴ôã 

طУ߰˸ͬ״Сƿͷһһݸңţ㷨ۼһ£ϱаգ 
ûʲôЦ̲סɹȥһۣΪšеĵʵ˲ܡ 
ǹģ֪ 
һƿڣһɲľ㴥Ƕһζ˵ʲô쳣һǱܵرס 
ƿǵɫķĩһ룬˿ûбɫǶٵһСһζҩ߼Ἣᡰꡱһ 
еҩĳɷݣǷ̫ᣬ˭ҲԲģžе΢ѣˡƿƿ͸һܾЩŹ֣嵭˵ƺ飬ϸһԣ˵֡ 
Ǹ֡طעҵɫЦúǲ⣬֪ʲô 
ʲô 
ϲۡ 
ҵݸϰԵؿʼ۽ǲƳһ߷ϵޡ 
ֻһ£ԳΪҩĳ˼ʱһ䡣 
ҺСϰ䣬Ҳ˲ٿͷҪѧЩֵֹĶߵЦһȥ񽥽ƮԶֻأȻʱ£һ˵ѧģȴǿͷģкóһʱÿ˯þ޵ʱΪ˼Ƕοӣ͵֡ۡ 
֪ƫ棬ҵעǱȥˣᵽԼ¡طҲбʱ򣿴ֻ״򲻶˯࣬оѵģͨҡʮط类ѵӡͬ飬еЦ 
ʲôôܰӣ˵Լǰʼ˯ȵԪǡ 
ոշһ飬ֱˡ 
˼Ѿס 
ֱ۾ΨһԷҩԵĵطԲԣ붯ŵԻ裿 
طϲ𣬡˵Ƽұߣһ˸ҿ󣬾͵뿪еķΧЩӱϾҲҵˣһ԰ͳţʱȻ˽Ӧ 
Ȼأ 
ҩر֮ŵĸʱŻ֮ᷢ˵Ҳ˯ʮ£ѹʱӦѾɽ˰ɣ 
ʮ¡ɽʱԶеģطźȣӦ׷ˣοԻ˲ݵĺ׷ҲûôѹʱԼѾٺˣҪסǵļ䣬ԵȵǸʱ˵ 
׼Ļ֮ơ 
Ŭάűϵ򾲣Ǹƿӣ˱һϢ㡣ׯ԰ϡôˡ˵һǸͻζʹöҲȻĻģµζ 
ԭȻɵĲľʯ֮ɵģľˮöãռ䲻﷽ԲȴȻıöӳǧصֹʵȷʵɢɽҰеȻ㣬֮ҽȫעҩȻ޴Ӳ 
ҩЧҲġһĵǿǿ书ٸߵҲȫ֮࿹Ѫ£һҩЧҲʮ֡ 
жұܵعڵУԾңֻҪɢʮҲ· 
֪綾űڵѪɢ֫ٺӴʰȴȫȫΪĸо·һ޵ֿ֮尧˥ȥʹȴһֱѣһֱһֱظһС 
ʹ߾Ĵʣʵڲָо 
ʱ꣬һ 
ܹζȴҪֶͬȥԸΪǸСһ𳤴Ŀͬ㣬ȴġ쳣ǷȴҲͬʱǷңĥҲͬʱĥԼ쳡 
ůƸҵģĦ涣ҷԼץαָڶˡ 
òʯˡ 
ط磬ǹġѹͷҧһһ٣иõİ취ʡ£䣬ȴƫҪǹġ֪ǹģ 
ûҾǹġӭҵıӣط練ЦˣŰ§סطӲ£ֻ½Ժܺ˶ϣҪź˿ǣ塣ȻЦȴЦ⣬ҪŶ֮Ҳ֮쳶֮飬֮ͬ꣬ͲǷʲôòΪһǰµûû˵ػծòűǼ겻ţ˸мġ 
ծҲڻծҲǡ쳺Σ쳣ΣֻҲʧȥţûбǼԶȥ겻ţģȥЩˡģûˡ 
طĻůϱңůָңָܷʲôأֻޱҪķնѡ 
Ҷߵ㲻ǷŵģֻǷҵģҾҪǷңǷԽԽá 
ţƺҵ˼ңһ¡ 
ʲô 
ҪҪסЩ˵ļ䣬ٿһΣеżϸͳͳ 

Ԫ磬طö֮ؽҵռŵټһżϸ¡ 
СߵżᣬƺׯһЩҲעصȼ.Сһ½½߽ڣط繪ʩϢ˵һվҷǵλҲͬˣüƽ۵ػڶУ˿ȴվڿǰλϡǰмλӦǱǲߵȺ˵λá 
ҽطףȻȻԡڻ˾졢ڶĿУҼг̶Ƚ֮սŵʱй֮޲ 
ܰһ̩Ȼȴʵζ޷ԭǶ쳵ƭͬʱͬƭǡ 
ʵԭʶֳģΪ뿴Ҳ١ϵط粢ǿֻ˵˾䡰Ȼˣ˯һʹҴҶȥվڴǰĿϺбӰԽԽԶȻûô˯ҺݺҧһڣæµҲǶԸˣطȴǶԸԼˣ̲סˡ 
طѾȥɮߣţʱĵʼ仰һ˵ȴϽ͸˳ȻʣȴȷʵѹڳеˡԺѲϤǸƽϲڴˣط磬ǰµµһׯɳɽâ¶ֹԨͣţɴȻм緶 
׵ڶӵɫòͬˣɹ˾ηվ 
ϵĺĿԽԽ٣ÿ˶סط硣 
Ȼʱ˿̣ĴڸҪΪŵΪζﷴݲǡ 
ֵ¡ʹһţһֶңǸλҲģΪηҪ˷ѾĻΪϣҪӲȥ 
ҲһۣŴǧĿӼϤİೡ϶ 
Ӳɣ 
ҿʵһ棬Ҳһߡ 
ÿ˶кüĿ˵ߣһš 
ϲһšž͵һ쵽ˣˣһõűѾϰˡ 

ºȻһ˵˽΢΢һݣʶԼˡ 
Ҷĳ˵ľʲôԼˣֱ˵طĿºͳȣ֮øУλԵţÿ˶ҵĹĳϲᱡǡ 
һͷӶһվǰĵǰһʩ񣺡һ˵ȵȻҶׯ¾ɣֻһ·Ĳ£ҵۣʾϵգƽʱۣû뵽λȻ͡ 
ط˸˵޷ơ 
̧ͷֱȻ˫Ŀ۹Ϊׯ峿ոմҵȣԸׯֻԪʮϳһţţɱηޡͻȻһ£һ۲ż˵֪ׯͻȻҪҵȳţһƱػһׯȻŭֳֻﲻ𣬻ׯָһ· 
Դͣˣֱָط硣ݵµıʵ 
ҰľӣݵĴˡǵʵʩԪʮ岻ĽѵĿʼӷסҵȻҲ˸ɱҵ 
һƬžϢȴط𻰡 
طһ£ʵգ 
¡ 
ڴԵ׵һ˵УȺ֮λеλǺܸˡȺǽʱϲжͱ㸺𣬵£ֱػ½֪ʷһʶӦġ 
ǺһׯȡЦˣ²һС䣬ׯ̻֮ΪҸͿĸԸ޹֮롣 
طΣ̹Ȼ¶ϧ֮ɫ޹֮⣬Ҷҳ൨ģʷԻṧؼ֮д֮ԸԪʮұƮȻ֪ٶ£ϵΪλ𲢣ܾˡ˵ܾˡĸʱۼյɫһ֮󽥽ˣż˵ȥ£Ҵͷβκιϵ㶮ҵ˼ô 
ûϴ𻰣ֻɫԽԽףͷϿʼкˮŴð˳ջ䡣 
Ѿʼɧɫãšܾˡûκιϵȵȡ 
տУֻظšҲšֻ֣ȥҲͶʮͣʱӦûֻǸŽĺӣʱҲŶʱ㽡ʹǳĴˣҲᱻѣ˫ۡ 
ط粢û˵ѻϷ˵ȫʵΩˣ⼸仰統ͷһʯ쾪ֻǵΪˡ 
ŲޣûʹֶμһɡһΪҵ룬ЩԵ׵ȷõġżص书伮ȻȫУЩûüֵ 
Ѿµ˼֣ۿ龰ȻȻ۵ͷѪ𡢸εЩʹĴ˭ģǸ˶ض˽⽭ 
ĽûѪȣҲûǰ᳦ֻһȺˣһ߷Ѱѵ֮һ߻ɱ˶ѡҲ֪һ㣬ճյ쳵ңǰЩ˸˼ɵҲ˵ 

Ҳ1һ̤ǰһׯӣΪҪԣ㰲ʲôģ 
ط絭Ѿ˵ˣλԵţÿ˶ҴĹĳϲᱡǡɨȫһһ˿ȥת£ˣµļңݣŵ˵㡣λ֪ŵĵϸ书ҽ˫ޣ˴˲ģαΪһ᣿ֻҪǼˣҵĶֻ֣Ҫһղҵʦ·Ͳ֪λ˿̸ҲҶһѣһس 
һ˵оǺʢţһʱѻȸڳ㿴ңҿ㣬ȻЩġֻǸ꣬ŵȴôõʱֻΪطһϯȫȻƺǿ˵㡣 
ۿ޶Ҳż 
һƬžУطͻȻʵȺǿɶһô 
űƿˣһΣҲ΢һɷѿøֽڵˣȺѰ׫ƻŲԭļһĺ⡱ߵġ 
ǿ첽룬ɵذݵطǰ 
һţȻһڳиԵøͨݵ˴ԣԸׯǰ󣡡 
˴ͷ˭Ը·أ֮Ӧ䣬תۼѰݵһء 
ֻɫӵվڵɫ콻ӣȴû°ݵ˼ 
ط翴ۣʵգ㵱ĸԸΪҸͿ𣿡 
һڻǻϥ 

һͶ·ˣеξط硣ʵۺ⣬Ի̳ȻãطƺȷȻܰϧԼϣҲҪסǵļ䡭 
һվʱƳңȻʵ¶ׯΪλڴ˴ 
һ˶ĿʱͶ˹Լʱžʲѽǵľ̬۵ףг֮⻹˼κ͵⡣ 
ط΢Цˣͷңλܻ䣬ҵˡ 

ڶʮһ¡Ʊ 

͵ͳв˼ĵɴڵϡ漴˵ĽͷӶѪֱͷ 
ҵˣҵˣҵˡ 
ͷ棬ĵʯ̾͵ģʵúܣׯĻȻǲԽʯҳһȥ 
е㾪죬Ȼԭ˵ȻȺתתЦѹׯҪҵȳȻŶˣȻ֮òʲôˡׯıԶǣׯȴǾᣬֶιȻһ˴󶼵ͷͬϵɫҲɳ࣬ǳ䣬֪߿ź߲ܣͨ˼飬Ȼ̤ʵ١ 
ҷе㷴ӦԭǶôط绰֮ġѵ˵ֻвԾ֮˵ʵûв⣬Լ˼⡭ 
 
ô˵˼ 
Ҹոյʲô 
кһһţһʱ侽ޱȣȷŸʮֻһܿƵشӺŶУввĿͻȻĪغһ˼Ź֣һط桭һûӡæǿԳľҲ˲ȥط˵Щʲôʱ˿̣ʵڲȥ 
òߵͷһ˳ȥʵסˡСͳʶೡϣȴöǰѰһ¡ 
ʱֵ̫żһƬĺɫֱԲӳϼһʱҲγ˴糺졣 
գẠ̊́ҵľ飬˿̵ɫɽͷһϸ¡ɽᰲϴţȴ˿ϵȶȡ 
ʵڷڷ˸£ûôעҵɫ 

ҵɢȥˣҿҲסԶȼһϼŴôãҪ뿪ˣܻеŶԣϾɽ˾㡣 
˦˦ͷȥˣȥĻԸо˼ĺΣеԽԽԽԽչˣطһ֡ԼˡĴĻѾɹˣҶҺ֮仹һţ˼֪ƮԶǧɽˮԶʮʱĴ 
ؼֻšׯĶǻ࣬ÿλعͷǻᷢԼȻͬһطǻȥ 
Ѿҹʱˣ˵߾ߡط˵ź˿᲻屾ұ硣 
˵仰ʱûпңȴ̲ס顣 
磬ʵҲеͲˡϰŴʱЦɫǡ¡ 

ô죬ﲻڳˣװ˵¸صϺС 
ûʲô 
ͲӶ͸ˣûʲô͸Ц⣬ҵˣܷŲܣ 
ǱˣڿԿ϶һʼǴĵģ˵˼˼ȥ 
е߳ŭƫֲ۾ֻܶסɮǶ಼ߣ˵ȻҲͺƿԣׯҺʱġ£ 
㵱Ȼҵ¡ϺЦеסҵ֣ҾٲǰУһֱס߻ȥǴ˵ˡ 
ĲԽԽԽԽ죬ҼǱߵġ 
е㲻ԾѾЦķΧˣġ 
ͷȥԵԵɮֻۣһ˫۾طġ 
Ϥ۾֪ٴˣΪζЩȫİĶͻȻЩҲЩˣ˫۾ܿ͸ʲôҳҵ㡣ԣҸղŲһֱҲҡ 
Ҳ̸ˣط磬ʲôҲûʺòãڲҪ 
Ǻòײһƽ⣬ҺòײܸԼɫĵˮصס 
һ޺һֱҵ˼ԽߣӽҲԡԣҲҪȥֻоܾ 
ؿһۣΪʲô㻹ߵô죿 

ԭͷô͵ˡŵĿյ΢΢һѳƣһͷϣ۾еˣ˯һ 
һƬžȻϸ΢΢΢һҲ˯ 
ʱӲôźãֻܼװ˯ˡ 
žɣֻ˴Ȼƽʱٵĺ 
̬Ӧ᲻ˣ 
湻ġڿڣȻʲôûеƣеҧгݡ 
 
ԺˣʱضУǱصϡ 
 
òŰͷһ˽ҹʱҪš 
ĿָˣƽԶ׼Ϸʡ˿ſ۾͵Ƴһ±ϣϢһɡ 
֮ǰһ׾Թ϶ȥͽĵһ˿ζĴֽԸɺúõûбͱơ 

ϸü£վʯŲԶе嵭¹ȾƬƲʰš 
һµӵӰոû 
Ȼʡ±Բµʱ򣬾Ƕұ֮ˡ 
ʶ䣬ҹ粻ͣشҰеĻѲڵϣϵĶ񡣺䣬Եʣҵľ֮ءڰһȥȽӣЩ 
طǵһģҪָܶ࣬һƽǰӦ˷ֶ⣬밴ƻʹƿҩݵλӦòΪŶԡ 
ЩԺط绹ҪԴصǰǰ˵ҲҪʱסʯ 
ʯʵʯͷһֻ䣬ޱȣھͺһߡ䶥һӶͬ͹м䰼ˮۡ浹ˮʱмƬˮͼ漫ͭ˿ԽǡôĹԼ˵ĻΡ 
յյΧλεģҹһɽ꣬䶥ˮҳ濴ãڱһȺƶĺڵ㣬Ͳ֪ĸط硣 
ڣһƵĶ졪˸ֻɣӵصڣԲα仯ȸһȭСţ˿Ϸʮţ϶һҲ岻ȥšСԣǣһȫЩһоһǬãظ췭෴أеı仯Ҳǣɵλãֻܽر仯μģôָһ¾Ū˿еơ 
ʮԿͲˣҲûҪҳʵԴСţҲҰ⶯Ļɡδϰòˣֻܰﵹæѡֻһʯͷ£ǰӣȴ 
紵ɹһ㶼⣬鳤̦ʯͷ翵ⲻơ 
һ˵Ҳʮ֮ʮ꣬ǰոճ죬ǸʱĸѾȥˣֻи׶һƵƤë 
Ҽǵø겻ãĸ׵¶ЩССݣȻˡƽСˮﶪһʯӣҿˮԽԽԽԽԶͬʱüţϸ֮Ĳ· 

ֵ·ĿʯӼô 
ҡͷ 
ʯӾԴôӵˮƣٶ༸ţûܱˡ˵Ҫڱ·ϣЩˮȻ֣һͻʧֻҪ⼸ʯôȥģ㹻ˡ 
š 
Ȳ͸Ѳסġ 
ģ 
ġУҪףʯһ֣ἤʲôĲӵҲ޷֪ 

ʱ˵㻹̫С˵ģֻ㽫ܶ 
ȷʵһֱ֪ԼԺܾãǼ仰һζ 
Һϰ󷨣ĸǵһдĲӡһξҪǵȥʯӡʢģСϰϰӶں߿ˮÿÿ˫˫˯ڲݴССó浱ȻʱһĴ۵Ϧ 
̶ȥű˴Ȼң㣬ʮ֮飬ֲϵϦķ顣 
˭д˭ûѾҪˣӣ˸ипѴҲñҿĶ١ֻǱ쳸ɾķվԭһµңδ̫ҲˮһЩѹطÿȥҪҽҹվرȿֲĵطʹ˼ʹɡ 

ԶԶϸ΢Ļһ˼һӶˡžϵĻѽȼâԽԽˡҵȼһµģСĵزʯߵĵϡ̧ͷעԶĻ⽥ӽһģ֧ѡ 
ұ˱۾ûжȻԭء 
֪ط粻ʹ˼ʹһ¾ˣһҪôҪסںעһΣķ 
³Ҫ֪ģһδһ¡Ȼûбȴʱ˵ظʱˡԿ϶ʮԿϣѡʱ֣Żеġ 
ܰʱ͵صյ׼ȷׯԹû 
ǰֻҵļʲôҲû˵ôӦ𣿻˵֮Ѿָƣȫ޿֣ 
ΣʵһζˡԼİΣкҲͷҵ· 
طӲ£ҪҺ쳾ѣ׵ס 
ҲòĴۡ 
ԽԽԴӰӰ´¿˵ݡ 
¶Ц쳣ԣ治￴㡣 

ԼûûѣĸƾˡƻӳϣǵûȾѪɫĵɫӲ԰ףһƬΡ 
˽ǰҲһۣԳʯȥ 
ֻ߳ͣˣΪǰܼҶԸҵֺϷհһ¡ 
̧۶סңûʲô飬ؿͷĽסľ飬ڿŭıԵˣܽѹ֣ɭɱǴһ˿һ˿סҿ˰ΣڵܺãƣǺܺãҶԸţĸĸھȪҲЦǡ 
仰˫أֻöһҺȻԼҲЩˡĪطһп˵˵²Գ嵭ǰڴ˵һУȥյĴ̡ 
ԸòԪʮһƽΪһƬѪһ˵û֪飬᲻ϲ 
쳵Ĵ΢΢һǳǿɬǳЦݣһǣǴȱΪһ˵Ҳ᲻ˣ˵Ҳ϶˵һԴˣΪǼ£һΪ˸мôŻ۹ɨվһԵƾˣʯֻصϣ˿е˶ûŵѪԵһУ˷ԣһһѡŵģÿ˶λǰĹͷġ즹ѪӴȥϣһšԭȫǼٵġƣΪţƹ˼ǰ𣿡 
ǲ̺ΣЩ˵ģҲ˵ƾģʱ򶼲ġ˿÷״̬ﻹͷϸϸ˵Щ 
ҸӲʱϵԽԽҽ侲е㷢䣬عͷһضңĿжмİĵ⡣ 
쳣ŵŸң˭һ㣿ʹ㵱µôصĺŵȻֻģһǲ˸ף 
΢ЦƹȻǳѧ裬ǷǲʵѿŴΣβʹ˷ͽţȻԷĶ֣صĻˣ󲻾 
ΪᲪȻŭû뵽ֻǳĬһųƣұΪһΣ㻹վһߵģϴˡطôҪ 
ҧҧ⼸طĶ࣬Ծ˵ĻӦˣȴû뵽һ֪֡ЩҵȻѾ־Ͳ;˳ˣЩȻ뿪а취ǰŻ⴫֪㲻ģѾʧСİ취㡭ǻȥɡ 
û˵ֻתƬɫƣΪҹ䣬ͻȻһ䡣ã̾˿عҲա 
աַһڣ͵һѾתֱֱ֮ӡҵؿڡ 

һͻȻ٣Юŷֱ˶վţһ߶Զȫ޷ֻ֮üһȥ־أæֵ˼ͲַָɳȡԷ· 
͵Ϯֻ֣һ˲ѣһ˲һжѽ 
ܳʵ̵ܶһ˲һ˲䣬ʲôҲʲôû룬ҲʲôˣؿڴһʹȻɼҡҡ 
ͷһ̧֣°ɫѽ˵޺졣 
쳣û顣 
ˣһ˲䣬ȻΪ᳷ȥ 
䴽ǣЦûб䣬ȥˣһûУʱҲһֱΪһͻҴӶȥ 
쳣ԭûб䡣 

ڶʮ¡Ὥ 

һ֣쳲ûвƣѾʧȥ˻֮޷ǰˣ»бҪöҪֻǺº͵ض˵ƣϢһȥĿѾת˲ԶǸڵĴϡ 
˼һŬվȽŲһߵϢһȷʵصúܣҵأڵѪһӿ£·ھΰزͷȴոյͷܹһͰˮ޿ײĺнأʹơ 
һ壬ˣ϶أ˭סڵҡ 
ϲסҲϣûж˱Ҹҧס´Ŷ༸˿Ҳᱻˡ 

쳴ĸţֻжһˡȻûлߵˡ 
ⲻȥӪ뿪ȻǱԾҲǣ޹ңλȴֳʱ㽻õļ𳤶Ѳڣ뿪У뿪 
м򻯳ˣ쳺Ρ 
Ȼμ޸쳣Ҵ쳽˱֮ԼȻԪʮ岻ʮҹһơ 
ܣɽżţڤڤ߲Ӱ֯һ𣬺ڵ͸ǣϤľһӱİ 
һ˲䣬ļįƣǵذϯûС 
֪ûĸطܱƼұҼįƣ룬ʹҽԼȫѪҲ޷һеע 
쳵ֻݵҪĶɵĿģҲһӶѣһ£ʱ߿ȥʮĻԭվǴһִ⽫ξʵΪУԶ 

Ȼĵ׸лط磬ΪֻΪ·Զӽϵңʱļįˡ 
͸мһӿһŭΪôеشҺ֮ƽ⣻ûиһ˿أûиԼһ˿أĳ̶ֳϽҲûиһ˿ء 
ҲֻǵŤŤ˼һ£ñȺպŵĴҪ 
ط硭˿ 
ûѡ 

ôߵѪֱͦ塣ô򵥵һѪӿ 
ע⵽ҵĶĿһ̤һҪҵѨ 
ֿ̧ȥüͷֿٷҼ缸Ѩ 
ʲŷö벢ûȫգһöλεزҼ羮Ѩϡҵİͨ޶Ҳ⣬ֻͿҩѣʱ֮ڣұ۶붯һ 
ʮ켫临ӣͨһֲòܿ쳴ӻԿ׶ƾȥ򿪣ԽԽá 
ƾ˳ʯȥˣϷָҵţһ²ΪҰ 
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ܵһ˦ָʱסţ͵һɼ˶Եϡ 
˾ʵţ˵òᣬٷѨĿתᣬҪúÿϸ³ 

ˣֻǰ׷Ѿѣ羲۴䡣һڲǿסԶһĳ嶯۾ 
쳼Ȼ˵˵òᣬҾͱֵһˡ 
һƬžֻʯǱ߻ת΢ĥײԼٵĺеĿⶼʯæµϡ 
ʮԻ֮ѧµĳݾŻ֣֮ഫֻʮ˸൱֮ڲϳظӣϵȻԿּʮ˰ͨҲֻ̾ķݡ 
Ҵӽë͵͵ţƾ˵ַȻЩӲȴȻȷ󣬲ɰ̾һԽԽˡ 
Űھ£ϹȻԶǷӿɱȣ˵Ķ죬ʱֻšһ죬еɿһۣţƾǱҲഫһ 
ʮʮϣѶԸĵһϼȻͨˣͷѲ˶ʱˡ 
ϸ˵Ц⡣ 
ڶֻʮͿˡҾĲ֪ʱʪʪģȫ亹ʱˣʯѴ˰֮á 
ɫطȫ쳾жţ˰ʵ̫ҵţ̫ңעˡ 
ǱȻڿҿƾһε׼׵ķλȥ׼ͨһϡ 
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¶֮ɫתתеԿȻ˿ 
Կ׶û״úõذƾͻתĿоŭӣм־⡣ 
üëҲˡ 
ȵľһ̣˲ȥƾˣʱݼšȻָ㷴ץ£һѿסţָһּ㣬æ֮УÿһָǰҪѨ 
ָδʵͻһɳȵھݺײָʱ̡֪սָһʩؿھһϣЩһѪǺ룬Ȼܲ˵ȥ΢΢Ѩ֮⡣ 
һͻϮȻע޹쳵ҹƵûҪǿӦҲࡣҼ˿ֻ˸ղŵĳϢ֫ٺһƬ־Ҳ᲻ղźò׻һͳͳӰˡ 

ɴг󣬵סѨ鷳ҲֹˡһȻʹòֻϧȣӮҵģƾǱҲֽţ 
Ŭ˶ҿƾίڵأһãֻ۾תתȥվһԣȥЩҡ 
岻ֻܶʣһ컹ܳȻġ̹׸㣬ʯΧ˶ҽӽ˾³ 
ҲЦˣͬȻôһʧ͵һҳһ߿ţԼʯ߹ȥȻˣ㷽źôסңҵЩˡ 
ʯһȦһŽǰڵϵĻߵϨһȥƾ˷ٰ򿪡 
ҵĶʱȥ֧ΪԷһƵģ޶һͿʮϵҩһ˽ֹһϨһȻˡʵϣʹûпйϣҲȼ˶ˡ 
ҪôźãСȻͿһּЧĶۣǲͲˣʰˡңѾ˽ģһصˡ 
̲סҪݺȥҧס´ôû뵽һЩҩ಼أȻʶҲ޷ͻƵҩҩʩ̫಻۲ˮһĪչ 
ʲô취𣿿סǸӶסİ취סһҲã˭ԣڶõƫƫҡ 
ִĿҵĶбҹnĽʮһһ߻ǣֱ뷢衣 
ط󻹲һʱеӦöһطҲȫˣ˱ض˲ء 
֪лһۣΨһʯǷֻ֣֮Ҫҵ۾ͿԻΪġǧ򻯣۸ʱʱƶãҵǲܵġ 
طҵõҲ΢΢Ŀȥ˵ 

һֱڿʯϵˮȻʲôƵֳ߹ƣˮ￴ͼΪ⣬ºҼǵÿʩʱŽҩƾһΣ 
˵̽һУĶһһóʹĻ̫࣬СЩΪá 
޳֣̽̽ܡҺȻ뵽˶߱ƬѪᣬҲû¶ȡ 
оûУ֪һ̣ҹ˲ȥЩֻʣıܶѡһһԽԽܵƸϮַȥʲôؿڴ֮ 
ң㲻Ҫҡǿ³־˵ȥˣǰһڣһѪ͵ؿֱֱذɫ½ȾһƬ졣 
ţʱʧȥʶǼʹѵòѣʲôأ 
ԺһȻдϲõˣһѹ 
쳾ǰбϣɫеңڻʲô 
һҩУȥ 
ҩϵãŵĶҩЧãֻǻ˻ 
߾ȫƿƲֻаҩµϣŷѾҵѨ⿪ˡ 
ҩѨѾˣȻûмŹȥΪʲôΪҡ 
˼һתڻʲôˣԪʮδҶ˵Ӧûһüֵ 
ƲͲˣ΢΢̧ͷ۾쳣ֻҪԵʲôʯһ£Ծ֪õǵҵĻѨҲһʱ̡ 
˴ĹϵҵƵԼҲһ 
ȻܾúܾǰܾúܾԺҶûĿ˵ 
Ϊ쳻ҵϾֻոһ߿һöӡʴˣвĴζҲԶԶƲϿ׳ЩҲЩЦ 
Ψһĳ룬ͬˮ֮ĵݡΪ˵Ԫʮ帰Լ֮ǰӦõģһôʺõѡס 

쳳ĬˣҴһ˿֪룬û뵽һһ֣ƬǰҲû뵽һⲢһ硣˿֪漴ɿڻڵףˡ֮һӣ·񣬱ţҾһ䣬һȣ 
һȨ⣬Ԫʮ帰Լ±ȽҪŻȽҪһԵվԭصȺͬмȥĲ֪롣 
Ȼϣسȥ£ڽϢĳĬʹصȴʱȥ㣬˹ĶǵģҶŤҹ 
ȻұƬϢѹǰ˶תȥǱߵſˣǽҹˣƾ˷ȥϢｻҾˡ 

ĺ쳵ĻȻ˼ĵĿ⣬ˡ 
ĿؼͻȻֻʣˣ¼Ĭ 
쳾Žǰʯ֪ЩʲôұȻַ̧ҿ϶ɣȴûзֵ˼ԽԽϷ𣿿Ϊȫûȥ˼ 
ȻȻˣ֪жٸʱ 
һ㶣²͸⣬ȴ˿ҷɾ裺˿ĸδԼʱ 
һ磬¾ͻᴫƼұ¡Ұͽŵģ룬ô룿쳵һЦʰǣԺҵᣬҡȻɨأҲص֮λҿ׼ʱϵƫƫϵ㡣ӴҷĿӦ˲֮˵ơƣ㣬㵱ȻԹҺݣұȵطô 
û˵˵ʲôأ֪˵ĲѾ 
ʱѾҲѾߣҪҪ飬һΣûʸҵ˳ǰȼü֮ȻˣôֶļƣӦѲסǡ 
ΪûеȵҵĻش𣬷ڼϵͻȻˣҵļʹȴȻƽһңȥ˳ڼԭ쾭壬ûʲôýҼȻţЩֱȫЩ¿ãЩһ˾ͻҪΪҲ벻ףҪﻵҵ£ 
֪ĿѴǲ⣬ڹҡ 
ֻ쳣ȻпԣȻǱȣֺγһ˿һ 
һˣؿһʹµĵҡҡλΣʱܷȥ 
˿ԵһЦ˵֮ҵԨԴû˱һҾòţԴΪҲǷ֮¡ʯԼҲԹ㡣 
쳵ľѾµˡܾ˺;ӱʮ겻䣬ѡĸȽϺŵġԪʮĴֶվҪһЩڲվ˵ʲô 
õĳĬжǧͷ޻˵ֻҵļԽԽʹҲ˲һֱѡ 

ƼұԶԶĸĹĵʱˡеû⣬ӦѾƽˡ˿ 
ڷҵļôãҲˡ 
ƣɫԽԽǲǳŵúࣿʵ֪ΪʲôȥҲſ𣿡 
 
òŽţҲٰƽ󡣡Ȼһ£漴תˣӣҼطг۵úܡΪܸûرʲô㹫ƽֻ㶯вδе㰭¡ 
һֱסҵ֣ͻȻɿˡ⧲͵ҡһ£һƽ⣬ֻ˳һʹû֪ 
һǲ´ˣ쳴ͲǸӣĵصʮͼơ 
赹Ҳ޷ĵػ裬δ̫˵㡭 

УֻƶŲɽּ䴩еңԶ̾Ϣ 
֮̾󣬿֮С 
ұӣֻзһ̾ϢԳ 
ˮƲסţԽԽԶǿʯӡںηأ 

ڶʮ¡˷ 

һ̵Ļ˯Ҳ̫ģһ㣬ûΣֻжϵķͻеˮһֱţ 
ҹǲϹȥ 
Ȼл˱ҹĶԻʼСҲģźܿһһൽС 
ҪΡ 
ұۡ¡ơ 
 
ׯ壬С£¸᲻²ǡ 
һһȻ΢ƺϤֶİԺ룬Ӧط쳵 
ȻԼģһָҲ̧ſڣϢΨһõֻſ۾ 
ĿǵɫȾѾɺԵѪһСƬӳҹɫ΢΢̧ۣҿ쳵ĮĲһʯϣҵͷͿļϡ 
ͷֱֽתжϣطڱ󣬴Լǰɿ⡣ 
ʹǶԶõʶԣҲʵΣվ䵽˰ڲĵزǻǻ±۾ֻڵϢһ顢һźضţƬ˿ؿڶʱʹ 
ǣֹͣȻѾˣͱһ㡣 
ϢѨš̴СڡͬѨڣߴѨˣõĻַһıƼˣֻǡ⿪ҵ˯Ѩʲô 
ԭΪŵǰŶҲĳˡطشǳŭȴ֪ºԶһұȤĪƲгӡ 
ӡԼĽ 
¿Ц֮࣬һϸϸϲøһƽˡ 
üҲһ£Ц³ɲ񣬲͹ģֻǲϡ 
ұͻȻһʹȵҺ˳ϱ⴦ʱѾˣһƬʪʪ䡣ббȥ˱ѩС 
ӵܾڰ½֪һұ۽Ͼһ书˵ɣȻ洫ַĲҲѸԭٶһΣҽͨҲˡƽͻȻͷ磺֪ƴ˴ĽѾϹһΡ 
Ǵһ˲䣬ҾñĿúѹ˹ 
ɫ䣬ȴͻȻˣҵֱһ´ʹȵҺ˳ŽƤһεڵϡ 
ط磬ƺ൱ˡ 
΢΢Щ죬־й¶˼ʱ򣬼ʹֻһ˲ҲˣȻ᷸Ĵ 
˵ǹģ 
Ѩ̫࣬ѪԵʣͷʼЩ⡣ŵһȴŲĪǰι⡣ 
ҷŵǹ⣬ʹǹ⣬֮ԽоųɾҲĹ⡣˼ֱ̹ӵظңǷز¡ 
֮£Ҹ޷׵쳵˼Թڸ״³ֵЮΪҪЮ˲֪סصҪƣõӵסһֱۣҪһֱΪֻټ 
ʲôôأǱطͿʮҲⱾԪʮδҵҲܰ˵̫أŵʵ 
Ƽˣ쳺ԲǿܴɵȴҪ 
ȻѾûһЩЦѹֻѹƴԼĴ޷Ҫ׶ط˵һ 
˵һ 
ո̴ѨϢͻȻһ£ʼܿƵͻҧס´Ŭֻͷһ̶̰̹򣬾һ㱡亹 
ѣУԡ 

зһȴ˵Ҫס˯Ѩ⿪Ѩ 
쳵ͷ˼ҵɫ¶һĨº͵Ц⣺Ȼɸп壬ׯȻˣֻǴʵδ̫ˬ죬ЩĲ¡¹ƶˣûۿţӦˡ 
ҵ͵رŲһ£ȫƫ˹ããҹɫеط绹Զ⧲д 
طͷЩңұߵҲ˼ǿ˿ǱȡʹɶԶһܾߵϢƽȳһ˿ҡ 
ڿҡ 
ұܿĿ⣬ԸȥеʲôӡǱȵӱôΣһΪҡ 

ĬΣط绺ڣо׻Ҳǰ֪ġĳҪʲôȻⲻ˹ƻУȴֵסһԼˡδһƥҲƵİɫ̻ϵºرųһҡֱϣ㻮ããҹգŰһ죬˻Ұ˲硣Ŀȥīɫеķһġ족֡ 
ּڿͣ˰̣ڽδ֮ʣңңһ̹⣬Ƽұ֮⣬ոմڵգϷһ죬糤Хתۼ˷ʮ򳤻̡߻͵̻𱬿ɫһ״졣 
Ϻɡ̽ׯ޼šܱģʮҰɣоһɫġ֣Լռȫ̻һ롣 
Ȼ쳵ɫȴͻȻӲˡұò˶١ 
ЩѶŵײ⶷òɿͬʱѱ˵ĴֶͬʮɴСϢĺڰаΧˡ 
ΧȦеǧڴ˿ǲӺ뾪Ȼǻᷢ쳲ڣҲڣǲڣҲڡ 
طһֱԸҵеĶȻһȫȫھС 
ҹĻУǱ 

ط粻ɫش쳵ı飬ֱе̻ģİ̲ųŽڶ࣬ЩССԵȻ˶ϡ࿹ֻҪ˳Լݣʱֲ֮ͬ˳ǰżҵҵ֮ŹŲң̶Уϵ˲ŵ룬֪׼Ӧ 
ɭȻҳưԽʮأµ³ԹСȡȻԩأѪҰ֮ҸӵķṦΰҵʲôΪԴ񣬻ֲѵ 
ͻȻסҵ°ͣӲͷ۾Į 
ʱ꣬ȫǣʯѷ˪ۣ˫Ϥ۾ȴһʢһ޵ĺ 
һ統꣬ꡭ 
ཻ֮ǹȽȽˮϡ 

˵˵˼мģһ̵ĶУҷ·𿴵Լļ㡣Ҷ쳸еģźŭһƣʱ̶̵ӡ 
ĺ޲ûдֻڣܲס 

ȻƫĿ⣬ſ֣ͷط磬ϻ˵ұۣұƣȻͨ쳹֮ܣҲմһͷ 
һСƽƽȥǰдĹâжǼѪľ綾 
طܣڵ£Բѭԭͬһ·ӡֻϧˣСˣ£ǡС֮ȡҵұۣɸҽ˿̵ڹϵıһã 
Цˣׯãвҽ֮Ҿñһᣬһ׹ֱطţȥ죬ط΢ӣ赭дС 
쳵ֻǼȸȶǯң֪еˣ򲻻ͻȻʹӦʱİַ 

طȡ֣ұϱ˱ȣ޵ȻǺõֻϧзˡȻ磺ˣҽձһãҿӮΡ 
˼ƶҲ󣬼ȴѴɿ˵ʮңôԶȻƽڶʣܼ򵥣ֱֻһŵϣڶɣҽɣôҸ 
һЦվɣҪʮɡ 
Ķʱȥϱ൱Ͽַڵᴦʱʱһϱۡ˵ʵһֻǷ˾ѡһֱǣڶϹǴϱءһڶһȻƤȻֱǷˡ쳵˼ڶʱԼɣط֮ȴʮɡ 
Ṧ£ʩչʱҲһʮɡ 
طȴɣһΪ漴̯кȻһŰɫ׶֮̻׹ؼȼ˿̸˷죬ߣĳһźŶѡǰ֮ƣóʱ׹ô 
쳵͵һһԲ 
ȻֱۻϣôƽϵĶôסվҪġ 
ط硣СĹϵҵܺãԿı顣΢΢һЦ˼Ǹ̶̵Цģҹɫ 
иطܣֻԼج֮УǰǲĻȴӦ 
ġ׼ô 

һƬž 
ҷ쳵΢΢ضһƬʪʪ䣬ҲΪţҲΪ˷ܡҧס촽侲һ㣬ûãȫڲ 
Ŭоôãֱ˿̣Ҳо־塣 
֪쳲ɱңΪɱȫط硣Ҳ֪ط粻ΪţһӲᱻߡ 
ҪǣΪط粻ԼֱҲûҪ 
ΪҲɵչһల£Ϊξһ 

ɱϢһһظһжʵξĿ־ҲһһҲ߼ʡ 
ղŵֻ̻Ѿдң˶ãƾӦþͻˣʱطȻռϷ磬û⡣Ȼһط緢תأ˻쳡˵ռϷط磬ԭôġ 
طأţ쳵ĵ̣ÿǲŹġ 
иطݺݵس鴤һ£Ѹٴȫ۵üԭһƬң̼£ʲôҲ벻ľ֣طµΪʲôط硭ִòҵĵ 
ʮɣԭǿûѪԿĺɫ 
ϣҲٴΣǺػֱۡ 
Ϣ٣ͻⲻѨܶ˵ 
ֻпš 

һƬƺڵϣطˡҰȻһһƬƬĺɫһϳ쳵¡΢üɫЩǣָ˯Ѩϡ 
һ˲˲صʲôҲˣȻҷıͻȻסˡ 
һع֮ǰһֻ쵽ǰѸٵѨϤӰ쳴Ͽ 
ȻΡ 
ҾԼҲҲ˵ 

һ̣˱סң⿪Ѩ£һ͸ߡ 
Ѿõһתתͷط࣬üȻмɫұɨһۣȻһƬȻû˵۹ǡ 
Ҳǽʵ̫࣬ľˣۿűʵǬŲƣȻʲôоҲûСҶŽߵӣΨпЦ 
ûȷȷòҵĵˡ 
ѹˣ̻ӣĿȫעϾ˵Ļ÷ǳɹˣξôɵ֡ 
ֻǣΪʲôΣе֣ΪʲôƫҪΧ 

ȥѽ⿪쳵Ѩվţ첻࣬ɫѩף͸žǿ쳺˪棬촽ȴʲôҲ˵ 
ط§§ҵļ򣬵һ¡ֱӶ߹ȥ΢һ֣лƷ 
ǿ¶Цݣܹлֲҵ֪ׯɻǵǰŵ 
Ҳڴӽҹפ˵졣ط絭ʱŵٰ꣬ʮʱһΧԽ⣻ŵͣĳԵͷ˶٣ͻȻʵڿԸһ̻ˣ 
ȫһ¶ã֮ɫ漴ת䣬ڶ˶㣺л⣬ֻҲȥֻθ´ߵԽԶԽãٲҪţ 
εһܺ綯һ 
ط쳵ϣһ˿졣 

׷ε۾ѾͷĺڷڷвסƮҡӣҿı顣 
ȷǣͷβûпһۡ 
ط˵߰ɡ 
˵ʱ֮ǰһ˿û뵽Ҫ뿪ŵĻôʱ֮ҷԼֻʣ뿪һ; 

ʹںܾԺ󣬵ͼеػһʱȻǸҹһŻҶ׵УֶһţҲҲȥ·йŵһжģԼڡ 
еƾһʧеͨ·һĸоӰΰ㸽ĳطþ޷ȥ 


⣺θ 

ʮԶĽмڶţ˵ϣϵҹȥʮ 
ǱĳӰӰ´µĹľһо۵ס 
庮ǵҹڱﴩУ续 
һʮΣɫϡ 

߾һƾһˣصؽĿ⣬ԽԽԶ˭Ҳûע⵽ҡ 
ҵҲûǣΪȻ뱧Ƹ磬ԭء 
ʵƸҪһ꣬Ҵ꣬ҴӾͲϽˣ쳣ҵֳƸǡ 
ʹԼãƸ绹а취ʰ൱ŵӣ֪Ӯ쳵ģݲġԶԶȥڻ͵Ĺ£ɫҰֽѪɫ 
ڽطڣƸһֱ㣬ҽ졭ʵ˵òᡣ 
ҺӲĵطֱ߳쳣ֻҪΪƸ磬ҲΪǣûаҵģʶѲһ¡ǰոմһܣȷЪ˹ֻһԲţȻתߵûңͱ紵Ҷľûʲôͬ 
ֻصȴվƸôĺƸ磬زΡ 

λ쳴ӲҼɫʱ̬ȺºͣᣬƢԭȺ˺ܶࡣĵش˶˵ûж˭ŭֻһݺݷһеĿɿڴ治 
ȻƸ죬쳾ȻڴƾǶ⡣ƾеĵλ΢һ֮䣬ǵԷƸѰƣ̶ɴӲִƣֱҽȥʻһʱֱ˲Ŀ 
ܲΪҶһǾðοΣֻҪ⻹ͺãѪȵġ͵ƸдźһֱܵģҲƸ硣Ľᣬһ˴˽˭Ҳ塣ΨһĬ¾ǲԼͬҡ 
ֻأǺˣõİ̽óľҳҪ顣 

ʹ֪ˣΨһģƺҲֻк쳳ܡ¥ʱòôûȣбȶŭõİ취ﻹݡǳ滨꣬ҵǧ򻯣ʲôˣչһ֡ 
쳣ֻ쳡ں˵ʲôʲôôǧְ취Ӧң޲ߡ 
ͬ޴ֵ˻һǸÿν涼ɲط硣һֱûҲռһϷѣǲҷѶʲôʼռôһϷ磬ȻһűŭȥǸʱ۾һĨЦ⡣ 
ʵͬƸ磬Ȼ˿ϡ 

ԭҵ˼һӶߣӲˡ̧ͷͻȻƸϵ˼㣬һֱŵʱشļϻ 
֣ǾѾ֪ס 
ߵĻѽϨˣƺһҲûע⵽ 
ҵͻȻһĵ쳹ʡͷһɼ㣬ߣٽƬ 
ģܵģܵġ 
ûҡ 
֦ҶĹľ쳵ӹƸķʣһ縷˿档һ̣Ƹƽʱõɫڵϣ᳤ͷˮкĵúѪɫذס 
ÿ˶֪Ƴúһֱ 
һ쳼ǳճյһ 
»ˮڵϡ 
Ȼءصͷڸǰ԰׵촽öշתš 
ס۾ҪһƬƬϯȫôԶǿԸоɢϢʹ˼Ҫγϡ 
ǣҴûмûеõ 
һĻʵǺģ˲쳺ƣһôá 
ʱ쳵ͷû̧֪ڲԶĲݴȫؿһУҲʹ֪Ҳͣ 

СʱƸ˵ҵֺ˵ξε˼ʵһֱˣͺһˡԭŷˣҲ쳵ĸұڻҡţСΣΣҪǵá 
СΣΣҪǵá 
һʮΣˡ 

ϡ𣬼ǰʱż·óӸǰ׺ĺɴͷɴĻǰһжγǳǳĺɫҵĺɫҵ쳡 
쳺ˣøպòֽǲ㷺һϲĺɫҷʱסҵ֣ɵضЦЦȼѵˡ 
ѾǵĶҹ֪һֱ͵͵صȴҹѾ˺ܾãõΪûϣˡ 

ŶԼҴ书ҩѧԼҽǳأϱŮŮõ洫ͱѪģܼˣһޡΥȻӵĺǣҲؽ׷ش 
ԴŮӶԣҪĲǱ¶ҸұԽãڽϵĿԾԽͬôŮУֻԡ 
࣬ҶԹģʦʽѻȸվʦʦ鶼࣬ǿҵิӶ˸ǣеǣֳµüϢĸо£쳺ƾվڲԶĵؿţ˵һͻתߡ 
ֱǰ˽󶯸ɸزһҲշת׵ʱպأҵĸ׾ıģӯ 
ӯǸɣСʱ׷ʣ岮ຬʵظҸĸˣ˫˫ڽƸȥʣͬʲôҲʲ 
ʮǰеӯеĵһˡҵһλŮʱҵģʱͻȻƮ˺Զĵطǲϼ˰ 
ܼ֮ǰû˸ĸűӻţŷԸңһԸԼԸôҲֻһ䣺ˣСΣԺҲġ 
ҲڣʹҲһʱ10꣬9꣬Ѿʼϰܾˣƽʱûʱһ棬ֻ׷ǵĽŲ 

еŮǿʼĽңΪһṦ򣬶쳺ƶֻҺáҵ֮еΡλϵãʵζ鷳ϣرŷ˹֮ 
鷳˴һʼࡣΪĲŵѪΪʦϺͰʵϲĳ̶ֳҲΪضִŵֻ޼䣬ôŬҲûá 
УʱǲҪɵġ 
Сʱܾǿһ䡰Ұ֡һսĺͷѪǾֵͣģԼ˺۵رһһһҹ׼Ҳ׼Էö֮쳽ľõ¯࣬Ϊһ˳ͻӮֻҪ浽Կջ 
Ƹܣֲǰ취ѧֶΡԼ⡣ 
û˵Ƹ쳳ԲѷѪͻڱƸϵʱѽӽβƸǶ˵ȥܣ˫ֿʱԼͨҲ˼ȭţҲЩȭžԶԷ쳣һ˳µָϵ೯ŶԷʴвţŵտΪֹ쳵һ㻯ɡ 
֪ͨƸ缰ʱϵģңҳβһճ 
ȻǲԸƸΧģûбʾм෴أƿ˭ϡͣһȳһﳤȥ 
ʱҳʱҲࡣ 
֮һڣ϶Ƹ硣ϲֻܺ飬ƸҲֻ˵һ˶ռˣͷҲصıӰƸ΢Σϲ 
쳱ϾƸһ꣬ҪæʵںûӣƸҲô롣 
ΧƸң뵽ʵޡ 

ҲΪʱϵĴܣʱ쳵ĺݾܱȣĹһһָƸƸϻ䣻ȻֻҪʽڱԻʦǰһ쳣֮Ĭ 

Ƹ鷳Ҳ١ 
Ƹս񵭣ʦĺӣԭ־лµˣֻҪ¹쳻ң˵ˡ 
Ƹвţϧŵ۹ۣĲŻڡšضԶҽ෴ԸȤϲҩ 
ž綾֮Ժ£ңҪһһж˱Žҩܽ⡣ʵϻֶûнҩġƸΪеûнҩĶͲʹãԳ֮֮һǶԴڷΪЩ޽Ķƽҩ 
ʦʦÿÿƳһ¶ƸͻƳҩʦԴЦԷǣעתƵƶϣƸȴִֵúܡ 

Ƹʮ꣬ʮ꣬йһζֶûнҩ 
ŷѾߵֻҺƸ硣 
죬Ƹһ仰Ҳû˵æù˲ϣҰﲻʲôֻǴšԾΣ쳵Ϣ΢ȥƸһԲæͣƽ･Ѫ˿ 
ҶʲôҲ˵Լ 
ô㶾İ쳵˽ʱʮ꣬ڵϵҲŵ 
Ƹ߳䣬쳻Ҫչˡʵ̫ۣڴһ˯˹ȥʱƸѾˣ˯òʡ£ƿһ⣬͸ɫȻ˶ 
еĶԸ쳵֣Ա֮ʩ˵Ƹֱ΢Цߵǰ΢ЦŰѰļȻתȥġвٳƽ˭Ҳû뵽Ƹسֱ 
ڷ죬ʱƸ翴ҲһۣԼ¡ֻⶾġʩѹĻ֮ʦҲˣƸֻǲǡ 
˼ǣȥ쳣űסһС 
ֶͬڣҩͽҩ䷽ԭ֡ƸŭʦȻһԲ 
û˳ĿŵʮҶͨƸ羾ʼٸߣɴŷв 
´սԴ£Ƹ类شʮޣֻҲԴ¡У˴Ӵ֪º͵һˣҲʲô鶼óġ 

֮Уſʼ߼һЩҩ 
ȻҩȰȡã˳ĽǮҪ·顣ƵЩǧҩ𽥿ʼڽͬʱȻ 
״Ƹ簲֮أƺܲ 
ʦ岻ãƸĴȹȥ࣬ʱƸҲΧˣٹЩʱһЩеͿʼѵϡ 
ЩĸƸ˺ܴ󸺵ûͰճеĲֶ쳣ܿ죬ÿͷµʱͳ¶ԴȻ΢ʣһ뵽˭ҲǣҲȥˡ 
ٽҲ֪һЩˡ 
ƽػȥëѾͷԽԽԶǶʱ䣬ҵһһӿŲȴ֪Լڲʲô·ʱĲϢţŵġΪƾһЩڱ仯һһ죬ִַ磬˺ѿ 
ɻӿͬǵִֻУ۽üҵУϵ 
Ϊʲôأô£ 
ֻǾ쳺Ƹ˶ڵȴʲô 
쳵۾ƽԶ֮͸ʱĻ治֪ĸ֣עʮ޷Ҳָ㰵ַҶ飬ͳͳհ죬Ӳ̸Լ˼ʱҾãζ˵ֻǸҪʱӦĺӣġ 
Ƹ峺ö࣬ͬѽ⡣ܴв׽ණȫΪˡȷǣ鳣ãܲãϲҴһ 
Ƹϲң쳲ϲңĵʶһ㡣 

ؼǵƸұ׵Ǹϡ 
Ҷǰ飬黹㲻ѡһƪԴǾ׹ŵ·ж 
ɽԲ 
ˮ 
֮ 
ɽˮ 
ʱߴἸƸŶ룬΢΢һЦʾҼȥЩȣϲԴŲԺѾܾòôɵˡ 
ȻҺܿ췢ķװģʵܽţΪùʱŷõˡ 
ƸǸ䲻ñˣ̫׺ߣͷ 
ϣõ飬мж˺üΣǰԼ˼üȷȻһûлع񣬷ɿߵˡ 
Ƹ粻֪Ѿ˳˵ڵĻûҿǺܾáҺϲǲҵ˼ȫϡȻᵱ˵ 
ֻűڳõϰּд˼֣ 
Բɽţˮ㣬 
ӾΪֳɽ߸ˮ 
ڶƸ粻ʱֽƮƮطķ 

ǷǸܰƽ͵ҹرʱƸڽطԺΪʲôأΪʹǰڸȴҼеҪģ 
Ǹϰ㸡ң߶ɫϸڷﵴǰƶ飬ƸŶ룬ЦӯӯЦӯӯ 
Ȼ١ʧȥʲôץסʲôǸԶҲ޷⡣ 
Ƹ֪ÿ뵽糱һΣһǻܾ㣬Ǿ⡣ 
ʱ̫񣬻ú̻¶ģǶô 


һټƸʱҵ̬Ȳûиı䣬һ΢ЦһĻ⡣ܲñڲı²쳡 
ֻǣҵĴԵˡǱȻģȻϾЩΡ 
ЩȻûа̫ϣʱĥ˿κܿɢ޺ۡƸˣҡ 
Ϊ뷨Ҳȥ 
շƸصľǵҶʱѾ̫١ 

ʦĲƽأٵӵ۹ԽԽؼƸϡƸԴƺȻֱߵȫ쳣ÿ󲿷ʱ䶼ڲԣ쳶ǵص࣬üͷҲͳͳ 
Ƹ˵ɣôҲĸˡ 
쳴Ĳ̧ͷЦˣǰôˣȥװТˡƣѾúأֻᲡøأˡ 
ˣһԵҲôΪԶӽ簮ʦж۰Ƹ磬¾ж쳣αȥûȤ 
Ƹûм֣ûĻ۾һ㱡ˡ 

ʦ£ӲصΣһ£ǰһǰ꣬ȥʱտʼҼżŵɽ´ڻŶԣⶼҪصԸӵİꡣֱڣҵĻлš 
ҼǲƸǺʱʼɫԶԶ˰еˣҶȥʱƽﳣߵĵǶѸɢ俪ȥ˾۵쳵ߣصǣԵѡ 
Һ쳣ƽƸӴΪ˵Цָųڽ߹һ꣬Ƹϲ̸˵ء͵͵ȥʲô£ƲƲ죺˭ҲۿҪˣҲŶôӣʲôҲһʱƸ粻ǰ˼ӵˣǵĶ˲ʱȷʵ˪һܲ 
ʦĲô𣿻Ҫλ̫ˣ 
ǰӲΪԼ鲻þԴˡ 

쳺Ƹ෴ʱԱȽӸӹءͬǲǺʱ˴СΧĵ⣬ӪԼġ˵ǰʲôҲǣôվ˼ƸͬλϣѸ١ζȻԭʾƸ紦鶼һֲٳ֡ 
һγھֵͷΪŰˣھּʦ䵱ɺеʿ˵ڽ书ã߲Ƕҩ¾֮ơδͱһһֶȥУһһ۶϶ڵϣһʱضϵн 
䵱ϣ쳻ǵ˽ҩ 
·ʱƸԼķ˯ȥѶʱֻ˯ʵػ˻֣Ӧˡ 
һκӿ쳵۹⿪ʼž⣬Ҳʼ˴֡ 
ʵҲ֣һǿʤԭ 
֮У벻ףƸи£ԽԽ٣ΪʲôﵽĿȴˡһ¡ 

ʦȥƸʧˡٹ죬쳴Ʋʦƽнӹŷƣʯŵ£üס 
أһǳûӵ£ǸʱνҸҪ 
ľʽл赹ˡ 

쳵ʾƸµһţּˮȷƸıʼȻվԿŷһɺԵĺɫԲ㣬͸ĺɫ 
һ˻ΪֻǸī㣬ŵ˶ֱóѪֻ˶Ѫſڵɫ 
ѾˣСΣҲûá 
޷Ƶ⵽ѰƸʱ˵ġ 

ǴӷġƸķһǸɾ룬һȾˣﻹŵĲҩϢҰ䷭߰㣬ľȻػʰá 
˼·ȥ͵񣬻͵СľҼǵǸȭͷССľֵģԲԲĶƤЦݣƸϲһֱϡ 
ҩƸֲµҩһ겻٣ȻʣҩĻǽ磬ҪúչˡжĻݴѤĿβҩۣƸ縺Сҩ۵ġ 
ɽһɽѶµϪˮɽŴСˮȻȴ͸ڼǰҺƸ绹˵ 

ʦĵڶһ꣬ߵ͸תɽͿƸԴذ׵ТɰƽϲʯϺȾƣһС̳Ѿһ롣 
Ұ࣬ľٺȥ²ҹΪʦ顣Ǹɴ;̳֮䣬Ѿ̳ƸȻʤϸż˿ĺΣɻǹִ֣СΣԹ԰ѾƻңѵһΡ 
̲סЦȡ 
޷жƸ統ʱ飬ƺĻƺĺãᵽ쳣Щ졭ÿ춼ȥú̸̸ûʱ䡭 
֮ǰһ̸ֱ쳣ÿβС̸ʱͻȻֹƸͻȻ˼˵һҲ⣬˵仰֮ǰ΢΢ĺˮþûٿڣϵĺȴˡ 

ƸгȥĵطȻȥҲȥ˵һҲšȻ΢˵Ļ˵ÿ춼ȥ 
󡭡 
ҷ˰㳯ǳȥһ·˶һȻҵһˣҹ˲ˡ 
ӦúûйϵŶԣӦŶԣһҪһ۲ܰġ 
ߣԶԶܿˣͻȻһץסҵļ򡣻ͷһɫվ󣺡ѾˣСΣҲûá 
ѾˣҵƸ 
ҽһקס쳵ڣһҪˣҪ˵͵һʹôҲ˵ȥ 
˱꣬ˮһУҲ޷ȷƸʧûй쳵ѨңǸҹ﷢˸գһֱ쳽ŵӡ 
ʱʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ƹ硭ʮꡣ 
ȻҷԼӦûƸţһûҲ֪֮ǰжչҡҲһֱǵСŮֻô롣 
ĳ̶ֳϣŶŬӦûƵʧٲζŸѡԼҲû˻ȥΪ޽ĶβƽҩҲζĳЩǳůǳĶʹƾʧһȥ 
ӵܵȹȥᣬڡ 
ΣҲǴʱʼ֪֮޳֮նûн޵ġҿʼŶƸ硢˽⵽һе쳣ͬʱҲȻɶƵϲԼ 

쳵֮λºʮλмʦʦǲϣһλʦΪ˶Ľ䱻ԶšĮȻԶԣ޻˵쳶Ƹ綼µ֣˸Ӳڻ¡ 
ΪͽȻʲôʵ£λʦ;ټȥˡûȥҲûȥΪֵκĵһα䣬˶ڳֻǵڴʱҳٳ޷˯ֽ֪࣬ƸһֱΪɵ书Ȼ㶥⣬ЦȴǺУͬеӺһŮ 
ҲãʹȥҲȱǲǿЩ 

һºУԼӣңǰԭɰݻᡣҲ̫ΪʲôҪңǴӼʽͲ̸ 
Ǻ;ҡǡɽֱ£سˮ·ֱϣתȡأϴֱӻصšɽʪůִ֮ʱҶ;סڲ̻ȥ 
šɫɫͬƺһӣһ΢ֵǣûн꣬ҲͱܿպյĽңֻר˰ȥ 
;ӡ̵ĲЩһĵְɣһһɽ󴨣ǳˮҲʱʱƸ磬󼸸̸ʱܻĳó˼Ƶ˼·ǰĽˮһ೤޾ 
쳶ÿڴͷüվʲôҲû˵ԣֿҲȥĳ˼ֻһѴŲмѵ˵ 
֪Ƹ䣬ǶôҲʲڣֱڴĶ߲ڳҹɫƸ羿ˣ 
ЦˣһΣƣѾˡ 
ѩɵĶ֮ˮ䡣͸Ķӳ¡ 
ǸССȴͬ͸СһТƸʯϣ૵˵ú̸̸ûʱ䡭 
һ𳤴 
쳣ƾʲôƾʲô 
ϣԼϲƸѪĵ쳡Ȼʵϣܺúûˡ 

ºʮµ߽˶ذȥͬʱмλȻ뿪С 
һֱżصɣɹյĵӡ쳳Ϊźһжͬˣ˼ߣ˼ͱ˵Ϭ쳵˷Ժܼ򵥣ΨǾ٣յӵļ;ȷʵȻɱڡ쳴ԭҽ˵ķʽںͶְȫֿרϰҽжҪڽأռ鱨չ̼Ӫ 
Ƹֳ˽ɣҿóʱţ˷˼յǰڳŵΧԼ͵Ұǰʵڱ㲻һ¡ 
ǵеĽأֻʱȥ 
쳺֮Ĺϵûô޷ܱ˴ˡ 
Ƹһ벻崿ˮСãҲʼøַʽйĺ⡣ÿȽϺʱҾǰµƸ磬ѵõЦһ˲Ϩ 
мΣ쳵˿˿ɱʹѡ 
Ȼһ˲ɱˣֻصƽƵӡ 
쳣żҲ 

ʮյϣڶ˵뿪 
ͬˣͬмȻʱǼ¡ 
ڶϣװ뿪쳺ţǰԶڽ¥ƱµҹֲָҲԸȵߡ 
һ޸κˣҲԭ쳣ĳ̶ֳϣҲԭԼ 
֮ܳһʱҵ˼ҹɫһް 

ƹ㽭һе鱨ߣһֱûѰƸ硣¾쳣ĵ׽ϣ顣ܶˣ˵ţˣˣ㵱ʲôҲûѾ 
ߣЩ߶˻ճЩһˣĵĲ־ԶûڻôʹҲ޷׷ء 

תȥʮ꣬Ƹڽط꣬˵Լڽ 
Ҳܺڶбԭֶ˼˻·µĲףԼ׿һеľġ 
࣬ɫ԰ףֵĽҲˣ˫۾Ȼһ統˵СΣ㲻Ҫ쳣ҲѴ 
۾ϡԼֻص˵¡ 
Ƹ磬ֻ߻زȥҲҪֻҪ㻹ţֻҪ㻹ңѾǳ֪㡣 
Һ¥ȫҵĸҲҺòٻ˭Ҳýҵķ䣬ܿҶ֪¥λǰŸ۸ڶƵĻȻһ˿ʱ޵۾ֺס 
û취סܾһͻʧοȻ㲣ôȵÿˣʵں뱧˵ 

º֮Ŷǡ࿹ 
ºҷֳңƺϲסƸ磬һĲ֡ǣǸˣǲΪǽҵµط硣 
ʵӦǷǳ˽طģÿ꾭ŵĸ鱨У֮һϵйطµġִСھҲܶ䡣쳶طѰعġ 
ط磬ƸѰĹģĵƸһ𻹲ϷŹһҪ˴ߵĵز 
ׯⱻЦܼҷ겻͸ص˽ʮ죬ڼط籾ˣֻض˵һ仰תȥ 
˵˰ҹǾ£кĿҪˡ 
ܼЦеҳׯ⼸鲻ãСһ¡ 
Ƶǳ²ߵǾǸ£кô˵ 
Ҹ̾ڴƤ֮ͬʱĵһֱǿѹֵӿ˳û˵Σ׿ˣȷȻҡΪˣƸ硣 
һᣬҷ˲ģܾ쳲ͬĶƸô¥ôãӦòῴ 
ûۼƸ磬һ޷ʹ˷оﲻңҲֶ̫Σֻÿ쵽ׯҪ̽ׯʱǹལ䣬ʱͱܶҵĴ࣬ɼתá͵͵²ƸĲӦɫˡ 
һμʱԵش棬۾ı˲٣ȻǲҼƸ硣ұèƵľʧȫޣ̲סһץסڣģ㵽״𲻴Ӧ 
ҵһط￴Ц⣺Ҳգ 
ҲƸ˵طϲ֮һקԼֳڡ 
ұ쵽һǰطҶ⣬Լ߽ȥŷ쿴ȥղƸڴ˯ţɫѾ˺ܶࡣطߵǰѣóҩˡƸ۽޶˶ϲӬ̧һ˯طƵһߣϣȥƸԺ۾Ȼס뱧 
ĶӣŶ롣˵ĸоʵǡԾƸ緢ҿһĻ˵ߵȫ졣 
УǼӵʽλݣƸ˯ŴҲʵǡ˵㡣 

Ҵ¥̳жȥȷʵƸ簲õӣҲˣҰ쿴龰ҺȻüį 
Ƹطеĺȥˣ˼һðЩˡ 
ֻҪţһжϣ 
͵͵Ƹרȥ֮ǰôŵġ 

ҲƸ֮ؽҵŻҪҪпỹԶԶ޶ȡ 
Ƹͨ壬¶ƮݣȻȴһ̬ʹ˹κ壬һһ͸ֽ 
ԲЩ죬Ƹ鵽һͻẹ͸£ʹԣҲһдúܳ 
źҷԼڷеֽ졣޷Ƹ¶ܶȹµģ볤Լһ̲ͣߵ쳻ʲôķӦ 
ģֻһѹŻȥŵĳ嶯һ߼ӽš 

겻࣬Ͷ˼ִҵͻȻԵЩ⣬ָ΢ذƸȡʱһ£ŵĶҲҼпһ㡣 
ſ˺ܾãͻȻ̧۾ٴͷֽһţֽŷһӴ̯Сĵչƽִͷһ顣 
ǼκڰĿŲҵϡ 
ŬֳκҲ͵ܲˡ 
СΣɫȻƽ˵飬ƶ𣿡 
ãȻҡҡͷ¶ֺ档 
һݴ񡣡΢΢һЦһ·;Ͷ٣ˣȥϢɡ 
ֻ뿪ҲȷʵҪԴһ 
ҿ߳ķ䣬Ϸʱવһ죬ǲ豭һæתѷƿ 
ϵĲ豭Ȼˣˮһ˫ַָڶڷסתͷվſڣȥ 
δ䣬һѪ͵˳߲߰ڵϡ 

죬һֱֵøɾһƸȥ֮ʱķ䱻˸ϡãҩҩҲ˺ɵ𣬶ڵ˼̤ΪƣӲôƢһʱ侹û˸ֱǰȰοȰ裻ʶġʶӵܶѵ۹⿴ң˽мƸ֡ 
ڵʱ쳴Ƹķ߳˸λһƬڰУ侲ȶκȺɢȥת˻ȥ 
ҰԼĺӰĬĬ 
ҵӡƬϢĺڰв˽ϢõһСһ˴棬޴Ӵʲô˵Ҳ̫̫ԶҺƸӵʱʱѾǰ׵ңԶĵطѡȡһͻȻ˻ƵõڣҲѾһС 
ҼǲԼվ˶ãݵشţģҹ 
ȻƽСΣɡ 
ҵĽվЩ飬ڷźֻܽҪͻᵽˡƿţ˽쳻ˮ֪˳ջ 
ҰѼƸǰ󾭹ϸϸһ飬ַһЩϸڣֱףתͷ⣬ӦÿҪˡ 
ֲֻݣΨмװһ֪ 

صŵĵڶ죬֮ͬĻ£쳼ҡ 
ҡɶ˱֮Լͨ֡ 
ǰ¹ȥ겻ǶĮĿ߽ƼұĴţǰŽŵǸЦеϺС 
Һ쳣ʮϳɻ顣 

ӳҾûмˡеڿһʵ˵ΪԪʮıչˣƽӹܡ 
һȻʧɻŲ죬ͷ⻹ûлֿˡ쳡ƺԼ±ûӦ»֮ҹ˵УҲ˵ܶ໰ûҡ 
˵û⣬ΪʲôҪȢң 
ͷһҲѹȥڴ·֣̿¡Ƹ˵˵ƸӻԺһֱҲգΪͻ 
峿һֻ¥ŸͣҵļϣıǣѶ˾ȻׯȨǸһĥӲݲǶ̽˸ӡ 
ССֻֽд˼ص֣ЩĿѣ 
Ϊ±֮Լ 

ȥķҼ۾ԼԸģҰҲûǿ 
쳣ԲȢҵ 
ǶԼԸģҲûǿ 
˭Ҳֲ㡣 
ǰŷϺɫѪ¥߰ٶĺ裬ԼԸģ޸ɣƹѪծһƸĸ㵱ȻҲ뿼ǡ 

ûлص·סǰԭȵס飬Ҫúһô졣 
Ժ˯ҹͻȻôõúȴ൱ȶִšһæ´򿪴ӣȻسһ 
Įף̹ٴεĻơȻǱΪ֮ݵط硣 
طͻسǰͬͻҪ󣺡뿪֪ƷԸԸһ֮ЩΣ̫ƫŲߡ 
ûϻشŬתš 
ڵȷʵʺƸ磬ЩǰȻЦһƽʱҿóһȥ 
λׯڣ˵԰ƸӦԪʮı䡣 
ֻҪƸţӦҲòţƸڴһҲġ 
ɿصóۣҶͷԣȥȰ뿪ûаһ 
ط¶֮⣺Ȱʱһһߣֻϣס 
Сʱ󣬾ϼҡϼӷ̲סͳͳһ飬ִͷڹ鷽ʽƸЩǸһͬеνס 
ûѡأطе·ҿԸож쳡ô쳼ĪϣĵӶҵˣǺҲСƸ˵أΧõΧȦ 
ҳΧȻֹϵϵ˱Ļ𲢣ȫˡ 
̲ס԰˶ǣΪҪңҸ𣿡 
Ĭһ²ſڣҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ըһ뿪˵أĳӴСס죿 
ûдӦҲûϻؾĺҡ 

ѹҽʮˡ޷жζʲôֻ֪Լʮϵʱ쳺Ƹˣ˼ʮʱ͵͵صȴ쳰ҡ 
֮Ը쳳ɻ飬ƣ˳õĵȴ⣬ΪʱΪ쳼ʹңҲκˣԼ 
ֱҹʱ˿̡ 
Ҵû쳾пܻᡭƸ磻ǵĿʵʱֻԼĳٶۡ 
쳵ľɢϣʵһֱһֱϵƸϡ 
ΣΪǰ쳷Ŀɳǰ뿪С 
صΪƵһֽţ֮Ժ쳳ɻ飬ҲΪҪǣԵʡ 
ʼգ쳵۾ֻƸһ˶ѣδֻһ 

̧ȥȻƸ磬 
һ˿סԸֵ˴ߣҲͻ 
ҵɫϣ쳵Σֺγǣ 
ֻǰƸһϢ뿪ʱ߸磬ƸСߺȾʱһ㹹ԼʱƸӵϷմܵȴƿʱ쳵ξѾˡ 
Ҳ쳴ûиԼµӪԼΣеģֻǰ̶̵һ̣˶ݣá 

ȻһǱڲݴУҲӦվŭ޷޷ֻȵʪⲻܿƵһεݴ 
쳣һ̣վɿ֣ԣҲ㡣²ط 

ڶʮ¡ɽ֮ʯ 

Ҽǲ̫Լôط뿪ŵġȫûÿһڶʹطƺһԷңʼȶ¶ȵķ֡ûķֻ֣߲طģƼұԭ֮ǰôû 
ߵúҲԸš 
ʼ͸࣬ǳİɫҹĻҲҵҵʶɫﻯһƬ硣 
ļ˰ұ§ڻůĴаһľĶʹֹš 

ˡεһ˷ƽˮɽϷģվһ˾ؿţʲôоҲûС 
쳣һ꣬ʵҺ㣬ȻһҲϡ 
ҸĺӱţǵıӰûڻʱҵ֯ϸ꣬ڶ߻졣 
˵粻⾳꣬ľ£įޡ 
Ҳж䣬һֱеůڵߣְ㷴οʹڸҼ˯ȥ 
۾ʱ˯ûѶʧһƬҹĻԿ˿˿ˮ΢⣬ꡣ 
ҷԼһİķµĴ̴ͷѩɫӡһֻҩ¯ڴ߲ԶСϣ³ҩ㣬ΥһµİݵζСż鰸˴ССھ΢һͿطڰǰŵƹͷд֡ 
ط硭 
Աʱˣžȫ»᲻ǰǹƵĸо֪ʱʧˡǹůбˡ 
طϵıͻȻһ٣ƫͷϰԵش˼¶ãˣ֤㼸ʱѣѾ˯˿ˡߵǰ£ҵִӱסšһְѴнǸùĴƺͺ⣬洫浽 
ȻҩԷ극ҪٺҩһһгϤʶطһԿңҲ˵۹⣬һֱҵֲš 
ŴڵҹĻ˰ڲٹһЩ˶ˣطᵽңᱧסң⣬ҷйеԹֱ۵ٴ˯Ϊֹ֪ô 
ط۾еĺΣ⼸һ࣬ͳ϶û˯ȻҪΪˣôھҪȻ˳ȥָ鷳һصɵĽϣصׯ 
֪һȥΪҴӦҲΪѾһС 
˯ôһԪ³ˡ 

û⣬ʲôطҲûʣҲûҧֻǵסҵʱҵһҲֱ۱ס 
ݶɣεεš 
ʲôأʱʹô࣬һ۹ôãͷȻ³һжôֲʲô취ҲûС 
ԣǻһúõ˯һȵˣͣˣٸԼ뷨ȥˡ 

ܿҾͷ֣ν첻Ը޹ʱ䡢صԼġ 
˯š 
ȻǴ˺γҹůȻҺط²þͳ˯ȥɾ˯š˺ͺܾûú˯˵Ĳ 
طԼˣ򲻻ƻûдϨֱȥܹҲȺ˵˵ģʼûпڡϵ͵оĹڴ϶͸ķ΢΢ԾţӳطĲϣϵࡣ 
ʱˣһıƣ֣壬ôůթļһ˯жôƻһֱҷ 
һ˯š 

ҹʱ֣겻ûͣԽԽһʱ꽻ӣĵƻҲƮҡȻ顱һȴҴ󿪣һ룬ϵֽ׷Ʈ䣬ɢһأŹͻȻһоϨһ 
ÿϵ֣´شٰɢڵϵĲһʰĿһƳ䣬ҿһϺȻ֣С 
 
ֱĲƬۺȻǷɸ봫Ľ 
۾ȷԼûۻ̲סŵƹȥ 
Ծ飬ìꪣɱڣ 
С淢ô˵Ҳƭ治ТԹԵ˼ʰա 
 
ȻûӦÿȷ˭ֱʡ 
ɢ֧Ǻʣһ֧Ҳѹͬʵصֽ 
ͷ˷Щ껹ôֻ֪²֪ʰûꣿ 
 
͸ųȣׯдԼϵĻš 
Ȼû飬һǼЦҸԭͨѶģӣӦòõᱻ̫һֻȥ˶ڵļͥԼһȴһֱúܺãһ˵طҲǼ令̵ˡ 
Ͼļ飬͵ģǻȥ˯ɡҰĲŵֽѹסֱӾһͷĿѣǰҷɣæס档߻һ죬ϡһϡ 
ȻϤϢϤ¶ȣϤ֣ô飬ôҲ 
˶ƮƮģڻѣбرʵʵͷĴУڰȥͷ亹 
۾ǰľҷ̧ȥ˯ģùҡ 
 
˵ģ˵Ҳһֱ۾Լ䵭޸飺뿪 
һĬطתͷ鰸ң̾˿ڵӣҲȥ˵ġֶһֱۣӵػ㷢ҲãұҲ㡣 
һȥֱۣ˼¾Ȼ˿һŭ˼ǰʱһƬڡ΢΢˿һݣֻš 
ɢȥʱȻһĨĺɫ 
ҧҧɬÿζһУƫƫÿζһסһϷ£̲ס˳ʰҰ𣬾˵峿ҴһΪֻǲ֪֮ʱóһԵʦ 

ʱ̸ʱԵպ˲ˮд֣Ҷ뿪ЦԵֹˣʦԲڣȴвƽ֮⣬֪ν⣿ 
Ե赫ЦܿͰѻˡ 
ֻһΣɭϵıȴ˹Ŀ 
ϳıʼҲȥֽ 

ͻȻһ͵ƵĹâ˼һϨˡ 
;ƿǰܻһĹâ 
һƬڰУطڶߵ͵𣺡Ҳл㡣һʲôطˣֲڣҪԶԶġѾˡ 
ĬĬҧס촽һξԼʲô˵ˣûõġ 
ط粻ףҲݾԵ±ֻʲôң뿪ŻԵ¡ 
ʲôҲҿͨͨ͸͸Ҳ޴ӷ 
ҵһжУȻ˳£Ϊˡ͵뿪¥ʱȣûиıʲô 
ҲС˵ŮӣǣվǸˡ 

ȲԵڣӵеһжڳûֻʣط硣޷ԼԴ˸е¡ 

ҵڣ뿪ŬԼһЩټһЩһ˿һ 
طͻȻսܽܽ͸żͷһůͷҵľ̧ղǲǾҺҵŶдúܿЦ 
 
ֿţһҲֻյΡƽʱдŵĵһ䶼ǡᡯֻŭʱŻдɸղ 
²㣬ҪߡҲãҲãԪʮǰҾ̤˵һ 
˵Ԫʮ 
Ԫʮһ͸ʵĺڰУطƺ΢Цһ£ʹԹң˵վȷȥ˳ºöˡ 
ǺôĿҲЦˣ֪һŵúܺãȻʤȯգϧҴûӦҪİš 
ǰβϵЩȻǿӲڿʱȸղٷһµؾڶߣҽûˡ 
 
ôķϣҰѻꡣ 
 
º͵ǿӲǿӲºͣϵ˺г˲Υ֣ˡվ޷ط磬ʱǿӲʱѶԸˡ 

ǹڸɣʮʮţ񡢽ڽϵúšнǿһ࣬类У޿ɱܡʮһٳһºŽɡֻڸ޵֮ˣƢȴ϶ֽ˸Ҷֱ 
ǹԭеӶʮˣϵɣʮһڴ˴֮ҡ 

ʮִƶɣꡣϰζžǳŮӣ׼ҵݶţ֮ɼһߡƽٳ֣ƣּߣƷ 
֮ңҵʮдһʮˡ 

ͬʱʮŵӾʹûڵ⽣ӰУҲûлصš 

ȻǷֱ޷ۣѪծѪȴĹأɵҪѸֹϢɸ꣬ͱȥ˵һԲŻԪʮ֮Լ 
ڸɺ˵¸ǰɱŵţȻһҹʵ£ȻŵİرǶҩҲĸмɵؼǣһɺͶڲ̫ƽѡŵĴ˼ɹ״̬С 
ĳ̶ֳϣ˵λ˽ͷöЩԹʵﻢݵǰȽǡ 

ǺͶҶЩ˾ҲԹۣĳԵṩһ̨ףλط󲹳һ䣺ڸɲŵˣֻ꣬ҪĺòȡõıܵùˣҪɴҵʹķѡƤλûôˡ 
ΣЩ룬ǶעŹ޵ɣʮһֱƽ˾֣Ϊи֮Լҵ̶ֳȡ֪ط밵ֽšⲻ֣ʹǳˣĵҲжȨĿǾͻᱻá 
ʱйţڸɺ⣬мλ֤ޡط絭طıûУɸΪ񲯵ıȴǼѧԨԴҵҳټһִᣬ˳ƽ֮λǰġ 
ѧԨԴ𣿵ĳˣҲԼǲֿһΪܣһһգβŷܺõ⣬Ǻܺãÿ˶ļƻ¡㿴⣬ԭֻ䵱ӿ 
طûзӦҼ˵ȥҵΪʲôЩƺһʡܶҴ˿̹˲ˣѾ˵زһ˵ȻˣңΪʲôװϺиңΪʲô쳻⡣Щ鶼йأҪ㣬ȻҲеĳúܡֻĻ̲סȥ֣һ⧲һƿòҪҹһңҲҪôؽô࣬ܲ 
һطûгҲûжڰֻ˵ĺϢƽȣԼЩҼ٣Ϊ˵Եʡ 
죬رĶҹĺ䡣 
طû§סҵֻǰҵһֻǱߣԼǾƿԸұţÿһ˯ˣԶؿ 
 
ҿ㲢֪ԼҪʲô˵㼴ʹ֪ҲϳϣԼȥһֱңΪ˹㡣ֻԼΪ飬¶ǺǻԸԸ⡣ 
ϲ㡣ҲûȨȷҪʲôҲ޷ȥ 
ԵҵֽţԵ豾ðˣ֮ǰ֪飬֮ʱơԪϡֻ뿪ţΣա 
ĬĬЩһʱ侹˵ 
ط˵㲻ҪŹңͼ죬˽ˣԡ 
ҷԼ޷жǲˣĳ̶ֳϣҲҡǶûдΪһ飬뻹ǻ 
ط簲źһУֻ޷ȫҵĸܶѡǰﻮֱȫʱĳЩܻ뿼ǵġ 
Ψס֣˯ɣһú룬˯ɡ 

˯УҸо϶ϤĴУ§סҡ 
ķռأƫι̵У˯ȥ 

ڶʮ¡֮ 

ſ۾ʱǿյģط뿪ˡ 
ûߣбҹõξȻûͣҲѱϢڴɴϣӳһƬˮɽ 
ȻûʣȻѲ³Ĵֶ棬ԭУѡһ羰续ĵط֮ʤ֡ 

˵ɺɽ񳿴ϢλʱڲˣͷͶ˸İˣ˳ϵϢ 
Ǹʮˣ̬ض󣬹ڴǰȷʵˣׯһ͸ϹȥˡһۣͻȻһ죺ҲмλͻȻ没أ˵ǲ֪õϢ֪ˣ͡ 
ֳɱˣҲ֡һϢ裬ȻڻЩյط飬Ѻ߷֣ȵԪʮӦܴȬ 
ֻҪžʹ˸ıԣϢԴز򵥡ô̵ʱطļƻˣȥҲֻĸס 
ӵֱӶϣңܾϼ޻ݣӦѡķʽ 
ҿڴͷһǰˣЩǸȻ֪ͣǡ 
ֺ˺죺ϡ 
΢һæ䲻׹ڴһҲպգΪĴֶĶ˵µˮ©ʮֽܡ벻˲ǫѷȫ޼ƣһһھ졣 
ľ¥ʱһйطھ֣һֻע֣ 
ϣʮ 
ԭ£ʮĴֶ 

ԥһ£̲סʵطǰ˵ʲôʱ 
ׯ˵ضϢϵһ죬ŲĽ 
һ£ͻȻԼҲе㷢ȣƺʲôƺûС 
⡭ϲţڴ㣬ׯ֮ǰа벽롣 
 

Һܿ췢֡ڴ㡱Ǵ粽ؿܵ˼䷳Ҳʤ䷳ 
ׯʱҲÿңʼȨط硣 
ҹ̸ûеóۣطһ뿪ʵˣʹ׿̸ȫ̼ƻһڣҪߣٻǡ 
Դ췽µأö˯ЩʱԪһûڳμǰȻ˯ȥҲʵ˯ˣضȥһ䣺ҽûҵҽãߵҩ֭һƿ𴲡 
ֻпЦ 

ҹȻԭⲻ̯ϣԱ߰ضһѶھִһݣдšݰɽ֣עһС֣δʮ³֮֡дŽԹֵʼĩΪ꾡 
δոչȥʮҵʱݰɽ߽֮ϴ֮һһһǽá 
йھѹڰɽ棬Сעţδʮһ¶ʮ֮֡רӪըҩ⣬ھ¼˸ϸڡ 
ǵìھµ׼ģʮһеһζУɴʹؽõĻʹŵӷǣҲ˲᲻صˡ쳴ԬƣҪڲٳۻԬδᡣʮһ¶ʮϮýãЮΪʣɱһٶʮһˣõһ⣬Ԭö޼л֮֡ 
ʮ³Ƕͣսʮ³Ľû볤֤֮ϣҴ㣬Ŀȷ䣬ȷȫȥ 
ȫȥֱطȦ˳Ա߼򵥵ˡ顱֡ 
 

һֻȡھ̧ͷվһԡҿѴֽϸϸľͲãһʱ޻˵ 
ֱ־Ż棬ŵ˵һ䣺Щ̫񣬻ϢΪá 
Եһ˲䣬ҸоϵΣԹޣ֮ǰһֱǳǳüҵӰ١ 
ֻһ˲Ƿھĵ׳һЩ 
ʱ򣬼ʹѾȥʹȴŹȥкò׳ĻҲͲݴ 
ҹȥֱڣֱ¶쳳ΪȥڣǷǰ¥ǰһһд쳵ţж̡ 
̡ܲ 
ұд 

˯ҿϵĶû飬Թ緹ֻڴǰɽˮƺֲŵΣʱشҾϸţҺ֪ܿһɽжߣˮж 
ɽһ֧ĩˣɽˮȴ㡣ĴֶʱطӲǴͨؽڣԼխĵ·˲㻪ȴ˵ãǨꡣ 
طʵ㿴еģԲԣô˽ֵ 
ʵֱ̫ӣϵʱһ죺ǡ 
ղ˵תǰСɽɽһƬĺ 
кֻʱһֱ꣬߱ضˡ 
ô磿͸ľ£ʵȥ͸͸ߣò˶õġ 

Сˮú󲻴һ㣬̵ˮڳص׵ҳɡɹĵ·ɽȥϿں档 
ҾԼչĻоϢķҷżſɽżһ 
תɽʱԶ˼ٵԱҵķ򡭡ط 
ͷһϣֻҲͬһ£˫ĿƵض·ľͷͣ²·ߵȴ 

ƥζĽʱסˡ 
ط磬ҶʶұһƵŮӣ㷢٣ΣߵϺɮâЬƮҵȫһӱֽ䣬Ե裬ֻЦ˵ǸİԵݣ 
ôһ֪ԵҲҡ¶ϲɫ߱ҹ˲ӦΪЦеؿңֿΣĨЦЩͬЩ졭 
ҹط̸ԼĸʱңһʲôطˣֲڣҪԶԶġѾˡ 
ҲΪطΣֻҪԸҵĻΪʲôΣ 
 
׵Ŀ־Ȼĵֱ嵽ͷͻȻʶʲôҲͳǰֱȥСΣԶһ㣡 
ûܳ嵽ǰΪϴ͵סңҵǰԼ 
һȣҲܿ죬ŪˣӦǰ棬ӦȥΣ 
Աߺݺһƣֱƥм䣬ǳˣȲҡԾεϣͬʱԼ˻һͷһƫҵͷ̤һɲͬʯҹ˲ƥ뵲ǰѾΨֱĺԡ 
ûдУ˴ӱ˹סҺڵ˼Ȧ 
еͻȻбһŷӴңҿλعͷ۾̺ͲţƽǴüĿϺһϢӡĺġ 
ΣһƬҶο˵죬޵Ļ䡣 
һҸ޵Ļطƣ¿µ·дŲɫĿ⡣ 
漴תͷ·ԶԶȥˡ 
˭ںε֣ǸѲ˺ˮɵա 

εˡ 
ûܾ 
ҲκԼطڴϡδСۣҹڲ˼룬ٻһʹ 
һֱңѾȫʧȥѪɫɫȴ򶨣۾･ȻƸ磬ôѹԼ̫š㣬ֲ֪ԵԸ· 
ҧ촽λῴסȭ΢ЦµģСΣﾰºˣҴȥ档 
ҡҡͷˮͫ˱ĻԲƸ磬ȥġźңԺ״Ͳã¹üѪһֱӲš 
ҵͷŬԼ΢Цһȥ쳲£㡭ġ 
ɫԽԽףδ߻¶ǳǳЦ⣬ˮһεϣƸ磬ãʲôǴӦҶԲ㣬û취Ŭ̧סԵΪʲôңǱΪұ书ܺáôˣò˼Լͻˡ 
ٵͷסˣ 
ᵽĸƸ绹ǵӯ 
ҵȻǵá 
ۼϢԽԽְ˼ڲưڱ 
ȴû˵ֻǳճյؿңһ͵ͳ쳡Ҳˡ 

Ҳһ̵ľǣң𲻾鲻ᣬв࣬Թ 
Ǹ쳣ֻ쳡 

Ҿĵʲôأһһٴģʵ𣿻ֻһζ̶̵ʣ 
ɽɣ롣 
֪ŻƮƮΣԶʧˡ 
ҵΣʹδڹңĴȴһֱι̵֧еĳ䡣 
ε廹ȵģҲ۾ҡ 
Ҳ÷綯Ƹ磬Ҳ޲ɷЦա 

İСƮĶմҪ˼򵥵£Ϊ˶ͷȻ赭дĳһơ 
֪ԼΪʲôᱻϮûʡʣʱʵ̫̣иҪĻҪ˵ 
֪Ϊʲô֪ 
 
жٶŻ߼εȥأ޷޷ֹཨڴ֮ǰ֧飬޲ٶԶȲϻٻٶȡ 

ûмԼһ˶ãε彥ˣҰŻشϣɺá 
վǰһƬǵصĻڣѣüֳ־ãסؿڣһϢʹһСطʡҶʹİصź۹üΣûôſһѪܿ͸Ұ䡣 
ſˣҵĽŲұͷϵó´ 
һǰղŵĻѣƺȥˡ֪һָʱ䣬ϵ¶麹͸ˡƿϵָطˣԼһҩ˺ܿͻá 
ü԰׵ϴ򲻿ϾߣһִдҩüͷԽԽȻֹ˺һʲôҲû˵ҩͯȥҩˡ 

ٹЩʱһľڵ⡣βһֱڴϣ뵽ȥ˯һǲԼȥҩͯҩ֭ò󻰣ȴҾ࣬ҲЩ 
ľѾȥȥʣõϵѪܿͻȻһ£ʲôҲ 
һֱվԱߣֱ˳ȥɫЩ԰ף黹򶨡 
ĬĬһڿʵΪʲô 
ϵĴǲײس鴤һ£㻹ǲˡ 
ϧ̫һ˲˲ע񣬷ֻ΢һ¾ȫ㲢ӹţȴӹֻӹŻ¡ûĬһʼͳ˰ΧȦ䵽ϣ˷ֶɭϣȴԴֱӳǰȻĬ 
У̱ӵһɲǣϰæӣκܿܲûа뷨˵ڣһڿڣ˵ƲסԼ 
̬ȻǺ򶨣ţȻͻȻ̵һЦֻбʲôҲˡ 
ҵʲôȻͻ֪ųƺ֮ǰŹѰȴȥһԩ޳ŮӣҲô 
ϳĬһ£ɫȻˣղŶ˶ 
ûлش£شԶȻشû¶ֻҵʱһڼʱȫʧҩ 
ϵһ･͸˾ȻһţȻƽûʲôĳޣõҳţܾ裬˾͵Ϊˡ 
ӹһĨԹֻгɻǵһƴѾ𣿶˵ͲҲûʲôֱ𣬾Ҳʲô 
ƴ΢һɣܿǸŻɱ쳵ѾߡðסҧԾˡ 
죬ָңƣƴ㻹һƬ˵̺졣 
ƴһ仰Ҳû˵ͷԾˣΪһģûϾţһдʧ˵Ծһݳޡ 

ߴЦıԬԬƵĶŮҵ뿪ʱΨһǣҾ羰ѵĵطΪѡģס 

ԭֻҪ򣬾ͻù 
ֻΪʲôһҪӦϣ 

ңˣǲǺܣ޲Լأ 
ǰ 
´ЩۣⳢѪζ 

ľȻȷʵܣ޲Լ㡭ڴñʹô 
һ¶޷ãȻ߹ȥָסߴѨȻûеֿ 
˵Ķطô㣬֪£֪ô롣Ҳ 
һ𣬻û˵ 
סĺһҩУھȥ 
ĳѾˣҵģûС 
ȷԼջ᲻ڣڡѾûѡ 
ԼڷտյҶǺѱҪ˰Ǵ 

ڶʮ¡ɽ 

ϲǿ׾ͷˣַиѨֽҲˣֻǱ۾һԣ亹ʪ͸ɫȴһɴݡ 
ƺطǰĥһʵʡ 
ıƹʩ̵ͬܡʵûȤĥֻǺѶѡʱȣұطǰðš 
Ͼ˵ķֶڣţһֱȥ 
Ȼܿ촫ϸ΢ȴҵ춯ʼܶۼˡӦҲˣΪüĲ׾һ¡۾ûſƺľҺȥ 
ĵҿûʱ㡣 
ǽһǰ齣ʣִУϵѨ˼£ʹȫ˳ʺ˱ȣҶҽ⽫òʰ󲻹ҪǺѻûȥΪѣȻǣҲ֪ʲô˷㣬Լ㡣 
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ǳǳ˺ϣЩʹϻδ̧۾ҶƬ̣ҲգҾͷΡ˿ȻڽҲˡͻȻȾ˳ȥһѾˡ 
мӾʱ˵Ļ¶񡣿ɲ֪Ϊʲô޷ŭڴ¶ĹľԬأ˭֪ĸߵɽ¡ 
һݵıϮͷҶЦˣҿȷʵˣ˭ҲûӮڲɱ㣬༤ûõġҶˡ 

Ǻѱھ˵ذķڳİ뿪ŵģ㱻졣 
ҵϵѨԼҲαϱĿ⼸Թ̫ҩ۳ʲôҩЧԡ 
΢΢ѣУεšĺҵʲô̶ȣҲŲסˡһٶϵͻȻ˼ϸߣŻϵĻ𲢡 
ҪһǾԳŲֵġ 
£û˱Ǹʺϡ 

еĵλһֱء 
ĸһλ常ҼǸ׵֡ΪԵʣһֱΪδұࡣ 
ǽ䡱Ȼ㱳顱ĬĬ߿ҼǵǺЦ۾걳Ǻܿ뿪λûظ쳡 
ڸĿУӦöǶһȫûеһĵУǵеģֲ˵ѣһھͱзˡ 
ȻڱԶڶУǵһҵġ 
ʦһƬѪԭ⡣и԰²ҡͷ̾ϢƣֻҪСıԼھС 
ҿ˵£˵ѡ쳡ߺ˸˹ȥ 
ǣڲʱ쳣ȴš 

ŲԶԶƿţӭǵ۾д΢΢Ц⣬ѡ 
Ȼǻ֪ε¡ 
ҵɫŲ̫ãЦܿȥˣʡ 
˼οڣһطСθոȥˣһȥһ磬Ҳȥ 
ǰ˶סˣ˵Σ 
ҵͷǵɲתΪȷţѸ 
μĸӯһûӯԣȴͬӲлˡˣⶼڳΣʮˡҶԸһֱҸȥ 
Һǲû̸ܾã˳һʰо֣ġ 
ұ֤Щʱǵ۵бĻա 
ԤУεȥĳʱƽϵӷ˼ìͷתط 
ԭĻԭôѣѵܵĵزȻˣαͽ£ٶһΪȻˣࡣ 

Ǻӡ˱ǵĴˣһ뿪ĻǾ߹餡Ѵѳһƣյˡ 
վſĿԶȥǰɽˮڵĺɫ޵ϸֻйвʱ쳹ʡ 
Ӵ˴Լд·̣ǰҹִܵҲײط磬ղðС 
תٻصѾ֪ᵽȥˣᣬѨܺý⣬ΨѨֶַģҪ˯졣 
ҳһ£ְŴ򿪣ѾսսҾڿ 
ղŵҩҵķټһ룬⣬һͰˮ 
ˮ԰ҩԸõɢҪʹҩǿҲҪطʱҲֲ֧ס 

ط硣 
ڣòȥˡ 
һ峿ʱԼеϣ㽣˿Ȼҷҷɡ 
ҴӲ޹κˣҲйǿĺ⡣ 
Ϊʲôطĸס 
ղΪʲôɴһȥҲ˼ػش˵Ҫһȷҽҹ᳷ȥİΧһ̽һ̽طµ̬ȡ 
ƺȥǲɫײһ£Ļû˵ڡ 
֮ǰ˯Уطżˡ⣬ٻע⵽Ů鳤ȴһʲô 
ʲôʲô 
Һط硭 
ˮȵģڵðŰﻹмֻСů¯ΪλǾȫ䣿 
һͷˮȫÿһˮΧţΩˣܾһطεر亮˵ıһ㱻˺ѿġ 
𣿼ʹҵһֱܾκδ𰸣˿˺Ѱʹȴϸ΢ǣ·ȷظңûõģȷʵʲôȷʵȷʵйʲôֱڡ 
ҲŻȴΪţֻΪԼ 

Ȼ֪ݾɱκ󣬻Ķһ֪ػԴ˿̵ҡһز죬Ҳһ 
ҲôȥôҪȻ̬޿أʲôôڼҷĿΪеڣҪֻǰΪһԼͬȹʱⶼǣǡ 
ҪˣϾĸףѪԵվѪԵҲѡ 
ΪУҲΪУҡҲˡ 
ȻţƺԶͣ·С 
ׯ꣬Ŀ⣬һУжԨ֧ĸо 
ǸҺԶȴߵʵûȫȥ 
ˮôתΪʲôͻȻ䣿 
ұ۾ĵһ˵ǳ뿪ɣ㷽ҡ 

ֱˮˣҲע⵽Լ·˺ܾãɫѺ͸ˡ 
ҴҴ·ûڵˮͷҵȼƻ𣬿ʼԼĶȰ뿪ʱϴŵһЩҩãתͷջѪ˵شۣ̲סҲս 
ԼҲţôŬҲ첻 
طһ棻ҲͬʧͲü 
˼нһţʲôҲ벻ֲܲ롣 
ΨмʰöòѳڱһڷתȦڿ߽ҹɫ 

ûҡ 
ߵ뷿ԽԶŲԽ׼ӿ죬ֱǰͻȻ˸ˣ˶ǰ 
лӦʱѾˣһͷײϡڰҲŻҪô 

Ȼͱһ·ֱקӲק 
ƹ£ڿط硣طɫ൱԰ף۾һ˲˲ضңһ̻ͻȻʧ΢оɫһıȻΪࡣ 
ж˼ֽ䱸ﷺ˼ĪĳʹͲ̣Ѿˣ 
ҵ⣺Ҹղûǰ棬ǲǾȥˣ 
ҵͷҲһٹƬ̣Ҿ͸ǡ 
һƬţطĬĬҵ۾ִַ磬εΣе˼ͳͳϸ̽ﺬһ˿Σյ÷飬ܿ˵ߡ 
ϣڴϣһ֮ڣģֻԼٵĺڿ 
ãƺ侲ˣнϤ⣬˵ĿҲ˼ּڽŴˣ㻹ϻȥ 
ѾϰֿεԸ׿Ӧˡ 
εԸΣһĨ׾˸ѸӹطӣһӰ飬ڷһ˿ЦΪĸ׵Ը˶飬ǵ³Ȼƣ쳵·ˣǵľֻ쳡յԸпа룿 
͵̧۾ط磬ҵãոȥ˵ЩҲӦκԸȥƽûΪ롣ɬζĵ׻ΣԸΪκ£ԸȻΪ쳣ҡζ˵ҪΪ𡣡 
طҵ۾Цת˿ЦҲԸϧûᡣ·Զֻѡխߡ㡭׼ԸҸף 
Ҵȴֵ췭ظʱһ¡ȻֻҪһ뵽ݣͻӿĺӿȫÿ䣬̼佫Щ΢ǸӰ٣˭ΣҶҪѪծѪ֮أ˵ݣҶһЦǵ㸸ףڲһ˰ˣҵֶȻݶҪͬھǲѡ 
ѡֻδ䣬һ󾢷ֻصġžһƫ˹ȥľһ£űһջǵʹ 
ҡ 
ãȻָ̧סطңĿûа¶ȡ 
һοʲôʱ 
ԴһׯĲѹԺҲң˵ִˡΪĸ 
˶ 
š 
޶˲ⶾֵˣΣˡûдƾʲôҡ 
űһ죬ͷһһֱİ֪ʲôʱ䵽ϵɢˣװŸҩ۵Сƿһء 
ܵʰһ£һֻסҵ֣ط綢סǼȾѪ£ʰչѪתΪϾģôѪûˣҲˡѪˣѸٴŴ 
û£ЩȫεѪҺݺһ£ӵȷʵңҪʱ򣬾ֻԮֻ֡ʮ꣬ɻž죬һŮӾʲô浽ӱ͵ϮĵزΪҵСãһɱͻȻֱܣұֱӭط۾һһ٣˵ѡխ·ߣʱѡ񣿡 
Щ⣬طûлشֻɫӵҡ 
֪ʹҲƿԵʱ 
䲻࣬ƺѾ˵ͷɢһصĶʰҲûУˣౣء 

վͻȻסˣ͵һ⧲һסůĴдӽϴȻǳȵ촽ֻһѣ̧ǿƾ¾ 
ڰ촽ƿʱѻл㱡ûûз׷ŵ£ûݣֻҺ 
͵͵Ҳ׼㶮Ȼߵס 
ϢãҲŽ˵ʲô 
ףǱϾôãʹͷĺˮһ˽һˣȴʼĥȥìлµĵ顣 
Ȼʹˣʹˣʲôء 
ط磬ҵΪʲôҪȥ㡣 
ˣ򸴺ԡ 
ѰؽȥҲĻʹ˳硣ұ˱۾ȻʹѿնؿڣҵΣҲģЩ·ɣҲ㡭Ϊˡ 
طûϷӦƺһ£漴ͷԼյ˫֡˰Σ̧ͷ߻һĨЦ⣺ԭͷʣΪ֡ 
ط΢ЦȻÿһЦ񴺷棬˵ĺÿڽ֮ǰҴӲ֪ĵƻӳŵЦݣԲҵ˹ 
ƵʶҲĸˡҵȻ˵ûιװ֪ȴҲδܾһֱҪ㿪ģ飬㲻ҪҲʲôΪһֱ룬ҶԲ㣬ҲԲ㣬ΪһĽҡ 
ȻȲô׺ҲһֱεãȥҲѹЦݽȥֻ۵׵һȥһ˰ˣҲֻлŲϣ˵Ҫҵͬھʱһǰ㿼ǹңΪٻһ£û뵽ֻҪұΪ㡣 
ཻһվֻǸˡҲΪ㣬˽һң㻹㣬֮䡭ʹ˰ա 
һ仰ﷴصվԭţֻʹʣʹ衣ʵķ仹з︺ֶطͻȻ޷ܡΪʲô˵ġҪ 

ҾֱȥңҪ뿪 
ںڰһҹĮҲҪٴ 
ָոմŰѣһʹȫʱãطӱҵѨ 
һڴϣطϡŵƹ⿴ı飬Ȼ˫ű˪۾ȴӹ͸ʹͻң˵㲻ҪޣҲñ㡭 
ҿ 

ʼңֻһһ⿪ҵ·ϸǴӾһƣܵǰҵ֮һʼ̡ 
ЩʱѸղŵѨ⿪ˡ 

·ֹ 
עŴڵҹɫ۾ 
ط磬һҹȥ㻹㣬һңǴ˿̣ҵģҲġ 


⣺б 

ҹˣһƻڼżŵҡҷţѩɫʵĴһӳڹУһӰ 
ҵĶѾֹͣţ˯Ѹط££ӣŻ壬ȥܹˡȻͷһۣ˯ʱԸٶȥ 
˯ˣ˵˯ȥˣѩ׵Ϻύ֯Ľëشţϻĺۡ 
ݺݵؽһ£̲סҪȥ̽̽Ϣ 
뿪ʱڱ˯úúõģ̶һȻôࡣ 
ҲòᣬȴҪȥ 

䣬طϸذѱҴã´ˮ 
ϸϸһ޳һãȫµǵĺۣĵü԰׵ü͸ 
Ϊ˵Ǽ죬ĳ˻ʱüˡطʱԼĿı¶ԣ˽ԶˣϾٻԼ״ͶԹע 
ط绹ǵǰհﱧʱ´صɫλʱ飬ᣬѪգˣҪԴ꣬м 
ҩ˿طɫ̲סֲһ䣺ׯҲ̫ǣģڳģ첻Ȼأ˲Ѿãֵ죬ȬȻףƹܺúõĻܳȥ 

ʵ뿪ׯǰһ죬ʾܻ״鷿жҽ飺ΪΪꡣ걾ãѪǻֹڻαѪߡ 
һһ飬˵ǰʾ˵ʾֱطĸ꣬ȥеҽΣ 
΢Цҽۣƹҵ֮ʤһıεȻ˽ҲӦԪˣνҽҽ˲ҽĶѡЦƲƲ죺λһ֮ˣػعʵأֻһ 
ѵҲᵣıˡ 
һ۹Ҳǵͬ㣬ô˸ô鷳ģ 

УӦðǿвʮ죬һׯѾ˼ΪһԪĥˡ 
һȻ⣬Ϣȥ 

ȵԼҲϴһ飬صϣطѾ˯⡣ 
׵ͼҲȻ޷ˣʣµľԼˡ 
ﻹÿһܵسůĵطһϡЩʹü΢΢ 
ȻûѪɫӳĵƹһҪˡ 
޷ʧȥԼʲôӡҲȥҡȥţȥԻȥһСûֱֶѡΣҲǹǵһ㡣 
ĳ̶ֳϣط֪Լ͸֮ڴ躹޳ڼ֮û˿ˡ 
֮ǰһţΪεĴڻһɴСı 
ŮӣʶۣһߵͣȻվûҲͲܷ¸÷µģץסץסġ 

ǰ뿪ׯֻǰУһʵ˼ҡ 
طĮӽеѪȷȨ޷ΪʮõȥȻʧ 
ǵԼöׯ԰ʱ龰 
ʱб续Цӯӯˮ磬ΪҿĲǣ֪Զ뽭Ƿǡ 
ȥЦݣ̾˿۶ԵǶԽҶѾʧˡ 
طûнӻʱΪÿضһԶʧʹˣʹŮ 
÷ǵʲôŵ湫ӣҲ书⣬Ľٲſ֪ȻֻԼ֪ʲôʲôʺ 
ĸ֣һ뿪øɸɾ 
ط֪һЩ޷ԽĶ˵ܣȥԼԼ޷ȥ 
Լ峿ȥ 

ȻʹУʹ㾡ЩǱץסġ 
Ȼ㵽ôһЩ 
ʱֻȵݸɾ䡣 

һܿϯطͷǰѩ׵գں۾ǰûСĵְüĸƽ 

ڶʮ¡ȱ 

ꥣҵΧں棬ԽԽԶ 
廹ʹҩ𽥷ɢ֫ٺоѾöˡбëƤϣʶ££½糿ʱ߾ŭٴϮͷ 
ָоǡƬƬ߽ʹʱ̧ͷĳ˹дζ񣬵ͷԼǰܲĵٺۣееϡ 
ӣԡ 
Ȼǰҷɣ֮طԱ߼ʱסҪشϡ 
һҹĴۣԶа󡭡 
ȻҲúڡ 
ҡҡͷԸ룬ƿɫϣڳͶǳǳӰӡѾͣˣ죬Ԫ³ʮ 

뿪ĴֶʱûзʲôҩĵһЩʱ䣻ʱѽ磬ķ֮һ·̶ûꡣҶг̲ģط簲ĴֶõĳȿȣϵƤë˿棬ʶů 
ֻǣһžôҲмˡ 
³Ŀתس̲ס̾˿ 
Ȩ 
ڶƯһ£ǿذͷƫһߣ۽ǲס͵ҵɫ˵ʲôҶȥ綼ͬҺһȥˣһ֪öõ顣 
֪ʲô 
ŲŸ㣬϶Ҹ 
Ϊɻأ 
ģұ˵嶼᲻Ҫչˡ 
 
ͬĶԻѾظΣÿÿҿЦ֮ʱϦദӣһζȨ۾׵൱¿˺ܾãһֱϲΡ 
ôᵽˣ 
ҲٸȥȨȻ˿дȫǻϢ͵ܳģֱӵȥ㣬û뵽·˹÷ǰһֱߣҵ硣 
ԥһ£ȨĹ÷ǾݣҲ֪ЩʲôطһȥȻһʮ˵̫ˡ 
ȨҰβʼôߣһ䵽ߣȴ˵ע⵽ʱһҵӣͷҵļϣϢȵȻ˯ˡ 
ֱܣһˣҲһþơ 
޿κεһƤϣִֻʹȨأҴ˿̳ʵޡ 
һ²Ȩԭ׵ƤɹЩɼҲ˼ֳ졣䣬ǶԴ˵еĽ㽵ʱѹֲϺúôׯ͵ܵôԶĵطȻҵĺעǱѧڽߵģǺαôżأطʮ꣬ƺһ㡣 
ϲ⣬ȣطԸôĵذСܽҴȥͲ³ 
ȵߣȨ˯ֻƽ 

·𽥱õ᫣˶ҵԽԽɫƻʱӦִܵȨԼûм࣬ʼӽһ·ļţȻֲֻᡣ 
΢Ц˼ȴѽתŵϡ 
תɽִܵˣһ·ϼûϰҲӰҵİΧȦѾԼȥͨеַ³ڣ󳵵ͣȨ۾ʼ𣿡ҵͷһЦָѨúøȥ⼸죬д档 
תҪ³°ھͱקס硭 
ھסϵѨҲס㲻ʲôӲĳһקȨȻ˵ʲôҲϷ֣˶б˹ץסš 
еԽˣ̾ĳ嶯عͷʱסˡ 

ȨȻˡ 
ŵˮ˳Ӳסػ׹ҵϣӨ͸ 
ѵʲôʮ¡ 
磬⿪ܵģȥν㡣 
Ȩ״ȣΣգô 
Ҳ鷳ܰܶæ 
ڵͫҿԼӰӣһТ鵭Į 
ԣҲһ𣬿һҲûչ㡭ӲӲĳ³֣С 
ȨŴ۾һƺڹεļ̶ȣͻȻˣ㲻ӦҲûϵԼҲȥ˵ܴӽܵȻҲܽš 
ӣͷĿʼʹˡҳһ£ֽ⿪Ѩҽȥһ뿪ݳĴʱûĻλʼղڳԯϸϳĺ书൱ףÿλӱޣԱҶñֱȨȥӦÿԷġ 
ȨͷһƺЩ⣬ڻǿĵסҵһ 

ǴһڵƼұĴǰӭһɨȥǵϵŵӣ쳲СЩ⣬ɫƽȨҲ˿ɫֻӭ̽ѯĿ⣬Ἣ΢ص˵ͷ 
һ˳˼ʱƶ࣬أ 
ǵɫ΢΢һһˣӦûڡ 
ֱӳ˹ȥ 
ʵ֪Ҫ쳣֪ҪҶεǰȻȥǰǲҵһλصԺһ΢ĸоϮͷһΣҵġ 
ϴλصʱǼȾʵģȼհĺɫһΣİɫ׵֮۵Ļѩ쳺Ѫɫӡ 
վλǰڰݶס΢΢Ʈҡ 
첻 
ǧ 
ǣػ 
Ϭıʷ棬쳵ּȥֻɣ֮һʹͣס˽Ų 
عͷ̶̼죬ƺһЩȴӷâ¶ˡ 
ңҿεӰмȻ΢Ц 
ǸƮȻεСãѲκεط 
쳵Ŀ漴ƿŵһһȥϱɫͷ 
ã¶һ˿Ц⣬ߵǰʩ񣺡쳣μˡ 
˵治˵ʲôҶͷʾ˵һԡ 

ܾǰҾһͻȻҵĻˣôҲͲˡ 
Ȼ쳣һزҵ˼Ȼվԭء 
ϸȨ 
ҲɫذȨƣСڽʶĹˣƾ 
ڽʶĹˣ쳴ȻĨ׽Ц⣺ȷСεƾȻֻۣǡ߽ضȨСΣʲôʱ򶼿ԣΪݵֶӣطıܣȴڴʱð˵أֻΪһô 
һڵ΢ɧеĿ⼸ͶȨǵвſ̹ǵĳޣеȻն 
ҸеëȻŨɱǴӲԿ˴ȴ˴ţҸӵĺ⡣ 
Ѫĺ⡣ 
Ȩ޾ɫǺһ쳡 

νһָĻơǺ֣һУҾȻ޶ԵĸоȲ಻̿֡ 
ƺʲôⶼ᲻ϳ֣Ѳںһһ 
סȨϿ˼ƻЩǵ˳µط׷䵽ҵϡ 
ȲȥˣתȨΪ˼Σô 
ͷָָελһָڰײµѣ㣬ȥɣСμܸˡ 
Ȩһ£ңεѣͻȻˮͷ߹ȥ 
ǰƷ¯Ѳ˳̶̵㡣Ȩȡһȼ棬˼ݡ 
컺ڶϣģλ϶˱ּӯ֮Ů֮λ 

һƬžУ쳻ߵǰƣռػش˵أ±ӦԴΪءҲͼΪΣֻ֪Ȼҵˣ뿪һ£ĿٿȻ亮ˣ˵˵ȥȥ˵µ̻ң 
صȨ֮䣬ô˼ӦΣ 
ڴ̻졣쳺ɣԺȻó 
óҶ΢΢һЦʼʩֻ޹ԪһƺʲôóҲϡ 
ߣһ쳵岻׾ػһ£ԭ԰׵ͻȻֳһհĳ죬漴תΪɷף촽΢΢⶯˼£ȴվʲôҲû˵ 
ƺЩԡң൱أǲæҵġҧҧ촽ЩȻȻѾزһΰѻ˵ȽϺãܲھκǰ쳴ǹལһ 
սթ֣ҪӮĶ֣űȼɭϣһġ 
ʱѾˡţֻһ 
ǵȻҲ˭ҵˣֻ֪εѣҲҵѡҽռȻѾͱضƽȥ쳣ǰţŹһʲô 
쳵ͫ͵һ£ؿңһգ࿴治Ķ 
㶨Ҫѣڲ֮أôҲͲŻȥˡԼĮ޸飺Сţһβƽ·֮£ʱ䲻ز¡ 
ʱֵ׼쳵ĸԣһȨͻȻѶпܡ 
쳶վȨٿȻӹһĨ֮ɱ 
һ˲䣬ҼΪѾ֡ 
ȻɱһţĿƻϣڼʲôƺ뿴Ҿʲô˼ 
֪ʲôҲΪһΣġ 
Ĭضһᣬһɹڶȥ 
ߵ÷ǳѸ٣΢ѲڣŲԶˡ 
Ԫ³ʱȣȷʵЩŹ֡ 

һعʮһȥֻϤİǡѡƾˡλݽϵ͵ĵӦûˣȻеľѾڴ˼䡣 
кٵӴӵΣʱ˵ݻûнҴվ֮ǰη 
ֻҪ˻ڣл¿ʼĸɲйʢ˥衣 
УӯǣҵҲǡ 
źѶܶ࣬Ҳ֪ԼʲôزʲôʱȻӹɵǣʱ˿̣ҵΡ 
ʵŵ飬˭ͬ⣿ 
һƬĬ˿ڴ΢ţȴûг 
һΪɱҴӴĲ̬Ƕл֮˵򣬹˽ձҲᡣԽУߣŹ۴ 

ȨƼұʱȨһԣȴסͷҡע⵽ɫףȫǺˮŲҲЩȡ 
͸ΣգܾǳˣôϹԹԻȥ 
תɽ꣬ȻԶԶͣϳĺڳԯС 
ļ򣺡ȥɣںңߣҪˡԺҲڣࡣ 
ȨһһʱһʱɣɿͻȻܻαסң硭㻹Բԣ 
Ҳ֪Ӧ˵ʲôûеһش𣬼˵ȥ磬ͻȥˣм㡣 
ҵ֣Ҿһж˱ȴµıᡣһ£ڰпݣƺһЩͼʽֽҳ൱ƾɣûзƤ 
ƾҵľ飬ʮþһ书ͼס 
̲סЦˣȨŵĹѾ꣬㻹ûȥҲҵѧȥԸҡ 
ȨҡҡͷؿңǸģղǸҿסˣڹЩףҪⱾ顣 
סˣҲ벻ģ˵쳣 
ǰЩһֱŹ÷ڰݷѣȫǰ֮ȻңЩ˵ʱҴԱߣ˵֪̫಻áȨ˼ţ˵űˣ֪ԸţԳԹȥ͵ 
Ϊ±֣ÿζ飬ǺԪʮ嶯֣йǡһʱ÷˵Թǰ쳵Ĺ򣬷ʢң߻ħ֮񡣶㡭͵͵һۣزҶľ֧ 
ҽ¸߱磬翼һ£˵һУʱͲⱾӦֻͬƺǷȱһֱĴ񼣻˵Ȿؼԭңõʱȱм伸ҳԵɺСҲ̫϶԰齻㣬ܰһЩæ 
ҳĬţ̲סʵط˼Ϊʲô潻ң 
Ͻ㣬϶յġҶԱ˵ҸǸ쳵ͬˡȨͻȻȥסҵҲſˣ磬ΪʲôҪôʣ𣿡 
ɽعιߣֱŻŵɫ׵ǿվǰȻأΪҵˣΪҴӴĲôղźαҪػң²Ǹ 
ҹɫγȨص˵ 
Ȼʮ꣬ȷʵǴˣٰӿ 
˵ƲҲ˵εѣҲҵѣ˵ĶġҶ΢Цһ£ҵȻ㡣 
漴Ǳ·ŻֻطδĿȴΪУܲ㻹ǴȥϢȣҶҽ 
ȻǲҪȨҵɫȻپԸ߰ա 
ֱıڿлһĻߣӻˡ 
˿վԭĿͣͻȻ侢ȻһڳĶֱɶƼȼȡ 
һ۾ͿǱ飬ȨĻԽԽˣһðַҿЦã̧־УɾȥϳĺͻȻһǰƥ볤˻ӦͣȻ۶ȥ 
㼿˵㲻ʲôҪ׷Ȩӳ̽ͷ磬Ҫ׷ˣⱾĶ 
д˼ƤΪССһζġ 
һ֮䣬ԽԽ죬ԽȥԽԶæʵ˵ʲô 
䣬ûҹɫȨԶԶ֮Ӵԭ 

ڶʮ¡ 

ҹĻһƬžֻգüһá 
˵ 

δԪҹһϵ롣 
ĴֶʴСʮΧţΧΪ 
ҹƼұϵϵӳײң˫⣬ɻ֮ƣҾѹδɴϵ˶ˣϵˣˡ 

Ԫգϵ͵ţΪЭͬ޼žɱʬͻرڡϵƾΪ쳣Ҫϵںɽ϶ҽ棬δӦʡ 
Ԫ°գϵӲסټһڵϵӣֹϢɸꡢһʱʵ֮⣬װʮʾԳ͡ 
ȻԪ¾գʱֶ뱤ٽĴֶ֮֮֡ 
ǰԼڳ룬ںҹεѹŽԾ 

е飬ƾ˵÷ǳԣеɱ֮ⲢûԼᵽʱֻ֪Լʱڳļ֮⣬е˶ΪϺط罻ʱʧܣ롱ˡ 
ЩϣӦ쳵⡣ܱ˴˹ϵѾ޷ٽĵزǾܵΪػеأûаκƵϡ 
һһʱ䵹Ҳ˸˵ľ߳ŭ 
ƾϾ͹˻ԼλһƬž 
Ӱζӳÿ϶һƬҷ˵ĺڲ֪мӿˣٴλعЩҲһ裬οһԶûйȥֻǸոտʼ 
ϵѪѾ꣬ҲصΣڻǵһΡ 
ҪǣƵĶԶҪӸ߰ĴۣûĸɿǱľغ׵ȫˡĽ붾ҩͬΪһѪҺеһ֣κӴۡ 
ҵĸƣĽҲԣѾܾòܹ˿ֲűŭ𡭡 

ܵİȷʵѾȫˣ 
ͳİΧҹĸʱֿʼȥģĴֶߵ磬С󣬻ȻֻǴӸո͵鱨ƾͷ˿бֽ޼ŲʴйܴɣЩףж൱ٻڻû뿪ұ´ 
ұ´ŵΧ⡣ɨһɵӣλк뷨ֱ㼺 
һ΢ɧ͵͵ 
Ƭ̣վűΧ֮½Ѻ䴫פڸطִĵ˼׼ϻСؽȻ޼żȻ᲻ô˵أҿͲǻȥˡ 
ҵ˵ͷ˭ȥ¡ 
ҵͷ׿ϣտʼԾ˵ǰ 
ƾһֱû˵˿ͻȻЦҿˣһͽ֮УƽСС޼кã 
΢ŭػ޼˵أűȻɨأ 
˵Ͷסˣҿǳʹһֹɫ 
ƾĻȻȴʵ顣е֮Ȼûд￪ڱΧҹ޲ߺžɨʵѲԶ 
ֻҪЩ˻ţűʤ㣬˵ȥѩǰܡƾûѵĻһ㣬۾ʼضңҵѽ߾ȫãֻںչ޴Ӳ𡣴»ʾ¡ 
˫۾һ˲価ǲʵ 
⣬úÿ졣 
ȨȥʱڶʣﱡͻȻЩ̡ϣңԶǰ֣ɽ´ԶĻص 
ڻ·ϾѾʹԼŲȫʱҪ񣬲á 

̧֣ʾ΢ɧڵӰӭѯ񣬻ִһҲ©ƾȥ׼һ£˼̳ɽһ·κζϻر 
˫ֽӹƣﻹǲһ£̲ס󣬾ж 
ƾüëƺл˵Ȼһԣ͵ش˸䣬ĬȻ˳ȥ 
ҰĿƵϣ޼ŵͽ㣬ɺֱӽ֣Ҳ»ڣҪ˲ܰף 
ȲҲڣֻʣ¶һ;ĿС 
Լ˼ţʹ÷ѩĻˣûҴ˾͹ˡ 
˼һ£ѩͻȻԶԸ޼ţȴЩһΣҪӻꡣ 
һλԵ͵ĵӻãȻ׵ʮ˱ɫ 
ϵı䣬漴ᶨǰһӻ꣬һӡ 
ǻȻվɫȻӻѽãΪˣɻǵñ϶ͬµԣ 
ֵ˴Ĺͷīسɹ棻ǰµĹأϵΪնơҵҪӦʮ֣ӻ֮£Ҳ޼µҡ 
üͷǲͬˣ걾ͬй飬ͬӻڵʮҩ̫ãֹ֮Ȼò£Ͼôֽܸڣ 
ͬ˶ѲڣﻹʲôԡҡҡͷȻЩƣ룺ӻʲôҽӰѾùݵĿǳţʹǲôǻнڣȹһپͱ㹻ĳ롣 
ȫסˣҿһɫøӰԸСòŵģʱͻȻáѵµطϣ 
һ˿ԾȻ 
ұܿߣĮȻͷպ󶾷Ȼϼ޻ܲԼĶӰװ 
ӰӻһֹͬʹõĶҩ֮СŵҩԽҩԴƾԽ컣²ࡣ 
ʲôҲû˵ĬĬԭλ 
һʱѻȸе˶ңҲԸȥֱЩĿ﾿̺˶ֻ֪ڸղһԻɽĽ˷ɱһ㱥 
ڵ 
ݹĻ߶£һ⣬޼ŵ¾Ѻһж໥иӦ 
ҵøطִӰɱԼطж龡￪ȥȻƴ߲ҸӡҴλվˣ΢΢һЦˣһ̣ҵҪĸɷǵ˻ˮ 
ȻѻȸȻҸеѪɱͳͽʯ 
ǰȡһƣ۵ΪУɾú£ 
ཻѴһĨȻĵЦ⣬нӹƣڵӳ澶ֱȥڴʱȻعΪУӵܸкξ壡 
ںȻӦͣڳҹԶԶƾǧ֮ 

ҲǴһһŵ²ʶȻüޱԵɱ¾ֿϣʼͬ飻ҲǴһڹؼʱʧġǶǵˣʼΪܡ 

߳ʱѽʱüģͷЩ΢ѣΣϺµҩֻ¿ҪʧЧˣΣôãҲʹ 
ҶѸɢȥεؿŶǰǣϣл˵Ҳſȥҩɫ࣬Ȼû׷Źҵ˼ 
㵱ط˾綾׼ƴƣ 
̫ϲıʵأҲֻش𣺡Σһᱣסݡ 
ƣ˼ط硣ҵı飬ֳһ˿̣Ѳ֪ǵġ飬Ҷܿ֡㼱Űô½ڣ 
ﻹн 
ƫ۾Ըȥ 
ҹɫںҹƼұһƬģӰӣֻǵżƻ 
ÿһ˰˯ 
ǣʱţʲô취 
Ĭã̾˿ҲգúϢֻûʡ 

ûлصǲ׼õסǳ쳵ľ߹ȥ 
ԶԶȥһƬڡ֪һû˯ԥһ£ߵǰ˼ţ쳣ҡ 
޶ٹƬ̣һ죬ʲôڵˤˡ 
ҲٳɣһƣžȻû˨Ϳˡ 
̤һͼݵľѬڷεԴεøˡҷסͷմӻȡޣԶһȻ죬ƹһ 
룬鰸ԵǽϣĮȻؿңʲô 
ƹ£ɫҰвŲĺ쳱Įһƽʱ 
ɢż̳Ҷ鿴һ£ڵӡ඼ĿãȫˣʣһС룬һȻǸղŴˣضź;ˮ 
ƺЩͷֻ뾲һȥ 
룬ߵ˯ڲ෿˽ȡҵҩȥҩҩ 
ʱȻһԭأ۾ȴſڡŽһ£ãȻתΪĮȥ 
쳵ľҴö࣬Ӿ̳͸ղŵķӦжϣ߰˷֣ǲܺú̸ˡ 
һΣߵǰȥ̽ 
ָ⻹û䲻סݺƿ㲻Ѿˣʲô 
־վȣԭʹͬʱ 
һʱЦãƺԶΪУʹʹ̣ʹ߻ 
ӣѨʡЩ 
һЧһˮڽδ֮ʣ͵һͻȻ˳ǽػ 
ҳһæһѱסֻüʹڵϡ 
쳰뱧ʱҲŷ巢̣ͷȫ麹Ҳ͸Ѫ 
Ұҩҳǰٽ⿪·鿴һԲؿ˼£ίʵҺЧҰڲ 

ӵʱΣǸնһеҹ 
ܷŭ࣬ʱ˽ 
¸죬˽ҲʧȥΪ쳡 
ҹ쳾ѺҾйŵһжѽڶ쳶ԣһлжôһֱȥ롣 
ֱνӹŷԭǧΨзԭԼһУſų֡ 

òװ¼һƬٺڣû˵ǣÿһ׺۶ߣΪղһ£мѪһ֪úô 
ҳһ̳ûĳ¾ϸϴ˿ڣַ̹崦Ѩλҩ 
쳶ܰҵĶᣬȴһһԣẈ̂ҿı顣ȻͼʱȻƿҵ֣ˣòǿԼһˡ 
Ȼˡ 
ԴȨתһЩ鿪ʼԺﴮһ𣬴Ƿ⽻͵еţͻȻµı֮ԼҪҸԼ 
˿˵ȻɣȴٶãƻԶԶûѡҪǣ쳺ʱ˵ͨƽʱҪֱӡ 
Ҳ֤ʵĻᡣ 
ҾؿǰԪ³ϣҷֱܹһơڹƫһ·ȴңڴǰǴѧģ 
쳵岻׾زһ£ûд𻰡 
һ˵ϢȣˣΪʲô 
һΣһĨɱ˭˵ģ 
 
̾˿ѾʵزֻмңΪдڹʱ⣬Աеս֣ԲԼȥ֮ԼһҪȥ 

쳳ĬǽַϤģĮЦΣΣ㵱֪ﲻæЩʲô˼㵹Ҳֻǡ 
ЦٿȻֻ̣Ҳм㡣 
סԵһһٵʣҹʲô鶼ͬգҪΪҿСǰȻû̻˵׺طЩʲô 
ԽԽߣԽԽ䣬˵ɫ衣 
ֻкȻ죬·һ˲ȫѪҺӿͷϣǰ󷢺ڣվʱŷֻ¶öסŷңԶòԼܺãԭȡ衣 
ʲôҲ˵ˣӻͳǱؼϺݺһˤͷߡʱ˸㡣 

ֻһұ۾ͱקסôҲ˦֮ѡ 
ұȻȬǲֿ֮ʼʹüͷոתʱ˶סȵѰҸѣһȣˮصڴϡ 

˶ȥֻ£ͻȻˡ 
쳵ͷҵļϣǰ󲻹̶Ƭ̣ʪһƬ 
һֱƴѹֵ˲ϯÿһ϶޷˵޷˼ 

һ쳵͵͵ƣ£ҵ£Сȫ֪ 
ˣҲˡ 

ڶʮ¡ɽˮ 

峿ǰչǳľ顣 
ؾض׺Ȼ֣ɱ 
ǵ·ϽԲڷҪһ׫дпȥֻ侲ᵽ֮ʱУȴˮ©˵ͷ 
¿ʱʷһתϬ쳣 
֮ΪС֮Уʳܣʩֵδ֮ʣҰģȻңУλ 
бѪŨˮһ֮ѪծѪͶοߡ 
˼ȱ˽񣬸棬๡ 
ߣ 
ߣ 
ƫߣ 
ڿߣ 
ߣ 
 
ƫùŵôʣѵһΪѸ£дͨٵ 
߼ͨһãֻҪڣһϢд棬ͻ׷ɱס 
Ŀһ֣룬ʰѡͶοߡĨȥھβϼ֣ɱΪּ꣬ɱ֮죬ݡԼ֡ 
Ȼ˽𣬾ͲغͳͶĴ島Ϲϵˣдԭ򣬵ȥվۡ 
īذ׵ľ䦿ܿɺˣݸǣһζøɱʮǰɼǵΣ 
΢΢Цʱ꣬гĪʶ˾ֻ˵Ǽ֮ܣµļ¼Ҳڶǰͱȥһֱ֣ӯΪֵһˣַϵӦеĽʲôȻŲбɱˡ 
ĬȻСʱҴ̽ӯ£෽·е;ˣֻǵᵽʱƸп䱾ˣκﻹмλ岮ӵɫʱڻνδ񣬴Լ 
ζȻһֱ޷ͻ֮Ժѡƹ鱨ԭڡ 
üģԼȥȥѾȥüëҹ¡ 
һԵĴϿȥ쳶ҩ룬Ҳڳ˼ 

Ԫʮһճ޼¹ʮ˵ʬڶұ´Ҫϱ֡ʬЦ⣬ȫתΪ͸ڸڣѪɼɴ״ƶϣҵѳаӻ꣬¶߳ӵܲ롣 
ͬʱΥһʮŸɱ֣ĿֱָݣԴңʹǣйطо綾óĴҲʼзشȥѸٱ鼰ԭ 
ҶɱһϴǷϣߵۿָɮԵ֤ 
һλνɮҲǸɱĿˡ 
ԪʮգŹĴֶ棬֤ʵطĴţҪҩԪʮҽȡ 
ˣֻȻǶΪʼһʱڿ𣬴ϴǴű壬ʹĲʹõаɱ֡ε˵ڷ͵͵ԽԽ˷롣иڱ޹µ˺ܿһʣ 
ռ˶Ǳ͵ϮģΪǿӶԸصʲôҪ 
ʵ״ɲ⣬û˵ӻ꾿аȻ෴أЩ˽캦֮ԿԵ²ż汸ȱ 

˵Щʲôòģֻʲô͹ˣҴصӼӽ̽ҡϢճָ񣬸˷ֶճҲȻ޻֮ҲûŵΪеļ¥ҹҹϸ裬طã޷֪ںδ 
ҸˣԾƶ֮ 
ȴûôƽԭĿĶұ˾ʵʱĿɷ׷ҹ̸ңƥҩĵļ۸һҹĹٵһֹһգٲȻִơɽµĿջҼҿΪȥеˡ 
˵ش̶΢ķֿģƲ¶ҵֱ̿ƾŲһׯòҩ̿Ҳһ 
֪ǲŵľ綾Լֶãûĸȷ֡ 
ҽ˶ϵӵеӲ˽ 
ƼұϷƽ˾һƽʱȴǿ˷ҩȹȥϬҲ©طϢǱ뱤ڣٶȷ 
ڷӰ֮ӰΣֻɹóȻʩͻ޾ȣط˿̵ĹԱпɣȴԶţġ 
룬ʹҲˡ 

һҪͶע飬쳡 
쳴Сһ⽻ƣȻأȴҲʵᡣҶӱȽϺãҩаϢƳѪȶȺܿȥǰ³Թͷ޹ؽҪ֮˼ΣҩְǮĻ 
Լҩ쳵ķһһеӾͲע⵽Ҳ͵͵ҩֻ쳸ͷ£´ҩÿҩҺݺϵ棺ΪԼ˭Ҫ𣿡 
ͼ䣬ȴ޻˵ 
ִֵ˲ǳʶ 
ԳĬһᣬ쳵ɫſҵ֣תˡ 
ոգϵȻǺܴ󣬶Ҳ³䵭ҳһоĹػ 
ҵ֮⡣ 
û£ҲᵽεԼϵҵ̬ȵת䳰ȷˡʼȨؼϰǱؼƺҪΪȡ˼ҳƵֽţǡƴĵط 
ҲùûƤǰ벿˹Ŀھ䣬벿ʽͼ⣬һС΢ЦƷþ˾Щѣʵôмҳ 
ų¾ɵᣬһŵȻ㵱뿪ǰŵ﷢ֵġ 
ҺδⱾ飬žûбҪ 

Ԫʮ磬յ˷ֱԼݺٴɸ봫飬֪ųơܡҽݸİ磬ڸֵĻӵҹ̳з 
붯λͬʱݺܿԼӵܺá 
ڵͼϰĴֶ桢ɽطֱȦӰԪʮʱԿҹ̸λҽʦԪʮϸϵĴֶ棬ϵҪԪʮ賿ˡ 
طȥ棬ôѵĻϵصҪߵ·̻ȣʮյܻ棬뿪ҵΧĻҲȽϴ 
ںǺʱ棬ֻԪʮط᲻ᵽҽ 
ңҪҪ;оɱ 
ҡͷˣҲûá 
Ӱ޽ĶְѶ´ǲڼҵⷨʹʱӺա 
쳵ڣǣ䵣£໨˼˿վ̲סѽҩȥ飬ʱùľȫ¡ 
Ŀ䣬̶˷ﻹгա 
Ҵӵͼ̧ͷ˼ؾҡ 

ԪʮգҴǺѵҽ𶥿Ρɽ·ۣվͽԼ԰չ 
һһȥصƼұʱϡ 
֪ĵһϢǹ쳵ġǰŸ뿪žͶԳȥˣڻûл 
һ·Ĵֶķȥģסֲ˵ȥɢɢġ 
һȥңһͷʼмŭǰգոհһŵ˳͸Ҵģȥˡﵽʲô˵ͿԱŶԡ 
ʱ֣쳻ˣϴһ£žһߣýż¡Ŷ˶ģĵһˡ 
Ҷȥһ 
ϡ 
ϴμʱĴֶĶ޽̸˹ģ˿̣˫ĿĿ㲣Ѫۡ첻ˡ 
ݺıұһҩ裬䲻ȴܷȥȫ书ҹط粻ĹΪλ䵽У 
쳵Ľͷǳ򵥣˵ʯҵɱˡ 
дŭʱŭסӵĳ嶯˵Ҳ˵һһȥ˽ 
üëƣһ㵱ΪϷŹıСεˣҿû²ţòŹô࣬Ȼʲôʲô 
һԵǺͬʱͷ֪Լ˿̵ɫһÿúܡ 
쳽ҩٶֻ 

۾Ŀһתһˣʱƺһ£ϣ¶뵱һ޵ԹʣƵģҪɱҪı㣬ҿͳһ֣ 
΢΢Ц𣬿ڿһˡһתң˹Ҵãûʲôգ 
ֳһ˿쳣ͻȻЦϧʵڿϧ첻ΣѾվӲġ 
ǰסѨҷݣҲϳȥһ书ϵˡ 
ЩԾȻ˳书ܾɹۣҲҪʮ£ΪôŶѰ˽䱸ɭϣƺ̫˳һЩû裿 
ģڶˡעңòŵģ 
̾˿ֵ㡣 
쳲ɱεˣϸȨαΪִ 

ʮ¡컯 

Ԫʮģûп쳣ȥˡ 
Ҳһɵ粻 
֮µĺֻ಻٣Ǳ𸴳ڻʱЩһˡ 
ڣʲôˡ 
֪ǲ˶ҽ𶥵ԵʣƺЩƣۡҰѴСѧĸѧʽһ飬䳡һƷͼְַոһͻȻǰһѣæԽأһŵȵǰİɢȥ 
ֱ壬Χһˣ׵÷ȴоů⣻˼һȫ麹ʪˡ 
ͷһãȻҧס촽ֱѪζÿ춼ͬҩǿֲƣЧԽԽˣҲҩ 
ΣҪŹ졣 

߻ס;Уײ˴жˣȻһæʩ񣺡ţдڣڿ˵лҪŵԽ˵ʲôҲȥ 
⣬Ƿǳ֣ǲҡ 
вõԤУֱƼұ˱Ͳ࣬ŵʰ˵ĸ٣ǡСΪѵɫϤĸоʲôˣ 
˵ط硣 
Ȼұ˱۾תߣԼʲôҲû˶ 
ֻĸӡɫƾ˵ֻҪŹȥһͷǡ 
ƾȥһԵ׵䣬⼸ţԭǱˡǽãҶɫô£û㡭˽ҵģ 
˴ͷͻȻݵڵأǴ㶯֣ǵƣȥ˵նв 
ڵط˵ζʲôأĵǱ߳һ£ʱһţǺĻͳͳûֻҴ˵ļͳȥ 
ñҲңΪһ̣ҵ˼˿ûзֵıŵϡ 

֮ңҷ˽Ų˰أȴɱ⡣Ĺ˲鿴Ҳ֪Ѵݴɱ 
ţյĵط֮һطĿŵشʲôƾʲô϶Ҳᶯ˵бΣҪĿģ 
ûκδ򶷵Ӧû㼰ʱ 
ǿźſơұ׼λƵһС֦ҶȻżСӺơ 
ŵźţ̳Ǽ켫̵졣 
̶̵ɱɳ 

һعߵǰ 
⣬һǽ֮Ҵ˿̲ΪʲôǼɡ 
ֻƿš 

ֿطˣ첻Ѹ˺ܾúܾáȻڿλϣѺƾִסҪλüͷǺѣһ֪ڶš 
о⣬ɿȥǰ޶£ȻֻҪ΢񣬾ע⵽ӡô͸ж֮ 
ҽȥǺѶվֻط簲ͶҵĿ⿴ʵȣӵζ 
ԺһҿʼһҵĮض˹֣ׯʲô£ 
طĵؿңĿ･˼ֳʣû뵽ղž֡ƣĸӵйʣɿƣཻһм仰Ҫ㽲һ˵ 
ɣæ˵һߡ 
δԣǰһȻ±Ӧ˹ʧô 
طĿʼղ㳲ϣҴΪ֮⣬֮ĶԹҴºǰһһ㣬ڡ߸΢΢˴ĵֲ̣ׯĳҲ壬Ϊţѵ˵仰Ҳң˵һָǣδʲôҲ 
ǰԽǴɣǵɫʱЩࡣ 
ڼң˵Ҳʵ顣 
ط侲УȻ赭дͺһжѾա 
ĬȻΣ˵ͷΪʲô 

ҷԸŵӲطͻȻǲģһ۲뿪 
ȻڵʲôʵǣòŵģӰĽҩϣѰκҲҲĵط 
ϲϣ亦ЩҶ룬طһҸ 

űˣټֻʣˣÿտ˴˵ĺϤİǰӵߣû˱ҸϤϢ 
طλ˼ŵڣ˲鷳Ȼ֪һ˾ͻ᲻ֶΣû뵽ڵֵز 
˵ĿٿȻת䣺¶вˣ治쳵ֵܣֶһһ 
Ȼˡ 
վԭأƽԶԣֶαӣֻǱԶ 
ȷʵ١ЦЦĿȴЦ⣺ʹ㻹Ӯˣο㻹þֶΣҲȥ 
Цʹþֶңǳ׵ĵղ 
طƺô룬ҵɫ仯޵㵽ֹ˼ԼֶţѵͲһʱ䲻𣿡ҡͷӮģ˶㡣ôҵʲôԼֵʲô 
бͷȥĳ嶯ԶĿʶ̽ڴڴעա 
һӿֱǿѹȥҵϽûô㣬ңҵӮ͹һҪѵ 
ϣΪǵôط䰵ˣ㵱ʱæúܣҪæޣҪæöҼ룬һֱֻƾܵˣϾȻЦЦشңͻȻ˶⣺Ϊ˱Ϊ˲ɫңˡ 
ǽں͵ذƺ£еȻöͷʹ 
һ˲䣬뵽Ĳǰط磬ϵջ˳ 
ȥһѾˡ 
Ѿˡ 
ߢڼһҹҲ䵽˲ 
ֲ֪ȭָݽȴûио֪ʵ͵͵ϣ 
طһֱϣ۲ÿһ練Ӧ̧ͷؿðմֻΪ˵ЩǾãҸںֻҪһ첻Ҿһ첻ҩ˷ʱ䣬ȥԼ 
һڣԼһĳҵĿУ 

طıûб䣬ͫȴ͵һ£ѩѸȥ 
䣬޷Ƶ˺һָ׽ģǺԼҵ߲Ÿձ飬һʱƴղȫ 
ܺãʲôںֻǡһ㸡֮ǰһ޵Ķ⣺ҾЩ֣ȻõĵңɫΪʲôôףʲô 
ô֪Լʲô 
ԺһңֱԽԶԽȫһ 
ڣһӡ 

ʱϡϤԼңԶ޵ƶʡ 
ٿ⣬ʣ졣 
ԭǻþ 
ԭѹȥŬׯǸˮݺȻڣԶȥһط򣬵ʱʻѸ١ 
Ϊϣһ𣬻صк𽥲ڴõĸоȻڴ볹ʧȥϾر 
ҺݣԶԶκˣΪΡ 
һѾط翴ˡ 

߹ˣ͵ǰ 
ҧס촽ѵ̧۾˵ʲô˵ʲôˣֱûнҩҲ㡣 
ȻطʲôҲû˵ŭȥֻʣ³Ρ 
ָ˸ҵĶͷȻůȴƽʱˬЩʪһҴǰһӵڻ 
ҷӦɰڲƾűҵλÿȥ 
ã̾˿ٷˣ㻹Ǹҵ 
Ҷ˶ŷԼ˽Ӳụ̈΢΢ض 
첻רѰѵıˣ 
أ御һָ˵ֵʱĺֱ׳ȴ˶ҷ˵㲻ںңղŵֲ󡣡 
˼ʼһԶԡ 
Ժ㡣Ѿɢȥƽʱطˣҽ㡣 
ĻůһҾԼ˴ӱѩŵ¯ߵèδ 
ʲô£ 
Ƶı䣬ҵͰȫԼĽҩ¡ 
Ҷ˶񣬵ҽʱҩǲŹݡ 
طң･ֳһ˿ìܣ½֪ɱظˡҽ㣬Ҫ֪ҵ뷨⣬һ㣬ֻ˵һΣԺԼ 
ûгȨĬ 
ЩһֱĶֽţⲽǹ룬ʱӹ˵ĵȨڵһᡣҲӦײĶ֣һڸɣ׼֮˵ӲӲĻֻпȡʤ 
Ȼȷô벻öһ;ҡĿǱĳʣĲͬھԼĺ 
ҵĸףʲôҲȡʹҲһʼģҲ˺㡣ܵȴʯ˵ηչϣҲ׼㱨𣬵㲻øҽҩҲҪֻҰǷһоʹ˻壻ˣһţôҵΣҷ֮Ҫɱһˣһ쳡 
󼸾仰ڶģȴȵѰ·ֻҪ˵ھζųΪʵʹݱס 
ЩεͷˣòײͷƽһЦȴôҲЦһɺӽ𣬸޴ӶƵŭ˼˵ɱ͵ɱ㣻ɱңᡭƾʲôвңǸɱѾˣɱ֮죬ݣŲ֣ҸӲᡣ 
˼£رסҺݺݵһȻݣôַʹи˼ԹתۼһšҪ°ţȷɱݺ󣬲ҲǸûⷬ˼Ļ 
ǵĵǶԵģҪˣҸ˵ЩͲü 
طɫȻ˵Ȼģûָвʲôһ˵Σŵ˿ҪˡҪ֪ǸɱѰˣҶӦĵ㡣ÿ춼Ҫ㲻ֻ֪ɳʲôΪܣ 
ڰôͻȻ΢΢һЦʹ֣Ҳʹ˰֣Ϊ⼸췢һؼڡ 
ʲôؼ 
ǴЦݾЩ˸Уҷò˲֣ȻΪԼ𡣡 

ʮһ¡Ƽʻ 

طͣʱ䲻ܾã̸һʱ뿪ˡûг֣ȥ˳ 
ԪʮĵİԤİţеɫζϲסƼұܣֻŽ 

Ԫʮ磬Ҵеӵ㣬дഫĹءһΣǺƾڣʮͬϷˡ 
Ҵ߳ʱվſڣǡǡסȥ·£Һͬȥ 
޴ӿ飬ƶ쳣ȻݷԣطĿȻʮ 
Ѱţ˿ȴʱð硣 
ⷬ˵ģҾͬ⣬ڡЩ飬Ȩ֪ġһ˼⣺ҪӦ¡ 
ûнӻʾ˵ȥ 
һ֮ǰֲֻᣬȴͻȻִҪȥĿ˵ 
쳵ʱ˼ֲ죺ҵѾް֣αϾһ㵱治ҵĿģ 
ҵ˵ͷڶƽʱҾԼʲôβͬ£ݹҷ顣 
Գһ£ҲΪսڼִͬˡǣǲ鲻Ըرš 
ҲΪ쳻ںǷлȶٻ˼ɼ֡˴˶䵭Ϊβ⣬˵࣬ú̸һΣȴҲˡ 
ˣѾͺסεĳŵллˡ 

Ҿͨġ 
·ʿﲻѵɽ·һߡʱʱṦߵ̫ǰͷԾɽ·伷ȴ˿һˡҿٽϤİ֮ףؤľŴϺŹŵάдһԵ⣬ȴ 
ƽؽιδ˼к󣬸ϵߵ˸бȻй֮սֻթ 
ʾ⣬ҲţûȦǲܵģǰ߶Ž⡣ 

һαĵص㶨ڽ𶥣λ𶥵ĶԺʮ֮ңռ˵֮㣬ר·ɲͤڡ 
ɽʱѽбɽƾֳƬĿأԶԶȥѹѹһƬͷȻѵõϢһλü԰׵ɮվɽ·ͷӭ 
ɵ֮ˣʹҪɱһǰñ湦˭ñıΪԺ͡ 
˫ʱҵ֪ǰɫµɮֵԵַɡ 
̩ĹΪŷ׵Ĺֵ֤ͨĳλɮΡȻԵֵַλ磬Ѿʮδ̤ţ˷Ȼǳ; 
һλ׼֡ 

ս濴ֵ˼ǧ֮ڣǰʮľﶼ˸Ÿɵϰ֮ʿɶռһЩɺһµĻǶ˱վΧܲ͸硣ڳĿյؼ㹻ʮ׽Աˡ 
ŵľ٣ֻдǰվӣ·ϰѷѲӣ֮˷׷ױã߹ȥ֮ڳҲͬңΪȻ࣬ȴȥȥϢ 
ҵһؿݡʮͣطмƣ縳׺ͼ˿ƣ̬ȫͬĿй⻪Уֹһųأ֮طȻ׽֮⡣ҶãʼҲеĺ飬һ˿ҲûС 
վһԺ˵Ǹĵˣİ֣˫üټһֻͨľǣڸɡ 
Ŀط׿ĵط˵ʲôһ 
˲䣬кȻӿһʹů۾ûгߣ֪ˡ 

õȫˡ 
ֹһ̣ԼǵȵòͷˣΧ£Ⱥʼ΢ع 
Եڷﻺģ˫ƺʮţλʩˣնҡšɱ䣬ҼȻˣ֪ԵʡضѾãλլʺԸֹϢɸ꣬ΪѣԵֱ֤ˡλʷᣬһ֤ͬ 
ϣȴƽʱ 
ԵֵͣͣյԼʱ鶨֮³űԣһʱŴͽ̣λʩ飿 
һʲй£ϱȴ˴л˵ 
ҵĵվһˣʮͷͣԵֹ˹֣ɴʦ˵ҼзӰ֮£ 
Եףжš 
ЦۿһֻĩλС䡣λҪȻԭҲֲڡֻ˵ǰʮĶҩͳͳҩɽ⣬ǷӰҲ⣬Ŷ˽ҩҲֻһŰţ֪͵͵ղʱۣи̲ҩʹû䣬ʱҪ˵ţǶҲѲ˸ϵ 
ҶߵϷֶĶճڵ£ط紳ʱϴѩԩʴĲ 
׳ҩ⵹ҲʧΪһ취 
ȻԵֻδڣڸһӿڵɽյΪȴԹɲģţҩںδʾƶ㶯ʱйҰֻʧʡ 
⼸仰ƹʵƣʤյĳ֮⣬ġʧʡȻ˵Եġ 
һֱߣٿȻҲ̧ȣվڳУЦڵģɳսһ˲˵ϵʮˣڶһŮżֳɱˣṫʶ֣Ҳߡ 
֮Զңּ˲ųڣһڱעĿ 
һʵ棬֮ԶԶɽȻһ鶼ǡҲߡ 
ҿڸҲվѪ˿̸죬Ӻ÷ϣԼҵѴŭ쳣۽˸ղʰ㡣һڣ޵Сͽѿ֮죬Ƕ㵽ȥգֲ˵ 
ЦһͻȻ쳣ã˿㲻˳Ҳһ졣ˣţղײգյӢ۵棬쳴ϼУǲң 
ҳһδȫָڸȸֻ»Կæȵ쳣һ 
ͬʱڸɰȻкβңһΪ 
еҩںδ 
ײһ𣬽ǳ׷׵ 
Եֺʮӷ𡣡䲻ߣȴסսˣȷг֮ıԲʩǰţΪս޲ɡ 
תңĲҵ˽£ȻʩȷеΪƽżҩڡ 
жϾ׼ɫȺһ󣬽ŵĳʱ 
ڸɲ˵쳻صߣɫ 
ҽһ֡ 
ҿԴģ֮ǰͳﻮõģҪġ¡Ƕ߷硣 
Ұ̾˿ӻȡһССİƿһָͷСɫҩģǷӰĽҩ 
˷ʱһϣ°ҩ赹ƿսľĿΪңܽ 
Ҳûпһ۵ģҲֻطһˣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ峤ѾӶڵƮȻ˳ 

Ҫȴߵ˰ס򣺡һ¡ 
תͷ쳶ҵһЦƣͷˡ 
̧֣ӦĲѱ⿪Ѹٵؽһ顣 
ˣɵľϹֱվĿµ֮ʱͷϷ·ָĴС 

һƬžֻɽ 
³Уѽڳߵ£Ȼţаա 
˰νоص֮⣬ȫֹȴļư 
Ϊ֮У߹廪ϰ֮ˣٻм¸ߡڽ෴ 
羫нʮ꼴ԶҵմܳʮصġݷסͣʮţִŻУֽҽ޶ȥߴݼֻʮ꣬˵Ѹʦϰʦ̫ 
֪гУãˡ˫ԴƽƽƳϮظһƽͣʮʽƵơҲ񾴵˼ 
ὣסбһ£˲סϰߴҪѨ⡣ 
ҼΪǣæܣֻεۡ 
΢ݣˮ潭Ƕİʽ֮һ⺬¶Ƶж˵У˿ȴʹ÷â¶絶Ҳ˼ھ 
ֻһмתΪȦתУ㲻Ҫһʱ佣ݺᣬռ˰˳ϡ޷ȴ಴Ȼһ壬νҹС 
ʼôӦԣΪƷڿмаʽʵ 
ҽ嵭ᲢãҪּǿǿ룬Ӧضڹ練֮ȻռϷ磬ʱȡʤҲסȻЮھԽԽǿһ̳ 
ԣƴΪϾʩŰȣȴߡ 
ʽҲ䣬ֻǶҵ㻹˽ƳҿɺĲ 
תۼѶʮп⡣ʱбĺʱ֣ɽԣƮƮǰӰƽ⣬еͱˣ㲻С嵭£죬޵Ȼҡ 
һãҳƵľҲѸ٣ܽ֯һΧȺ۵Ҿסķɶ꣬ͽ͵ͻ 
罣ȻĿн˿ӣŰھ£Ϊտ̣˲˽һöҲδʩչ 
ѲϽ 
սȺдڨЦæŽУ˲ϴ𻰣 
˼Уֻ˰ԲһɾѳƮƮ˳ȥ 
һȻѣʵȫʩΪ糱ֱȡйʱɢˡ 
ȻһḻݺԾͬʱһСл͡겻͸ػס̡ 
ѩʸϧѾˡһƷĲֻһѩϦ⻪ĿʮĻߡͬʱϢöͶǶ 
һֻ˲䡣 
վԭأȣǰ΢ػѣһ£ڳ밵ܼײúһǡʮ⻹΢Ľײġ 
˿ֵˡ 
̧ۿȥɫףվŲö͸ǶζҼСƬʺѪ˳ 
Բ³ڵʲôֻҩѣϣҲæ֪࣬˳˵ŲصǣֻʮʱԽ⡣ 
糯ҶƬ̣ĿtϦɫ䣬̾ˣȻüƲߣðղڹ򲻼 
ȥԻعľ 

΢΢һЦ˵ô仰´֣ܵ˵ˡ 
ַΪע֧͸Ƕǹؼڣң˵ʤְַֻ֧žѧҪڽҪ֧͸Ƕһ֧һ֧֧ײϵڶ֧βڶ֧ײһֻ֧Ҫʩõ֧ײͷѾԶ׹أһ֧͸Ƕھмʱȥƴ˷ʤ 
ַ壬ҪһٶʤֻԶԶģ롣 
ڽеһ㱡ҪóöٻЩɵΪڱʱ±¶ضѡ³վϷ紦 
ȻɽŶ磬վϷ紦ζűֻҪ׼ֵʱ̣бȻΪҵİ֡ 
ңվЩСҵ̫ԣԵֻݿãԼҲԡ 

ʹðҪʱǷԽԽãһʱ˺;Թңһ˲㹻 
ԣ˵ǰŰǿġ 

ʮ¡ 

ճݵɽ翪ʼڽŨĺɫúʹ̹ǡѭִĹȼ˴ѵ𣬳ǵĻҲٹЩʱһ̰¹ʡ 
ѱ߽ݺᣬӳٿٿϵӰѩĽ⿴ȥмѪɫ 
Ѿϳˡ 
ڸýԸڱϳԿҲ˽ 
עܼ֯ĽâƣЩʪ 
һսȻң㻹мͬдķ緶ֵ쳵ʱξȫȻͬˡźǰŴг˼಩ζǼȿҶвҪԽԽǽա 
ǽۻ϶ֽ֮趯ŽνܣȻ쳲ʱ϶ʩŰʱֲʵҲŵöԷΪء 
һʱʤ֮Ȼ쳵ѧ֮ϣδҲδȫսȻ 

ó񣬺Ȼ΢΢һΣһΡ 
ζĲӣǵ档 
ҵ۾ڳϣȴ޶˵ظһһͷȻԺа㣡 
Ҫ鿴һ飬ΧԲ߼ĵȻȻ̮ȥ 
־ŭıǰҷԼ˴ֱֱµ䡣ߵ쳵ģҲ 
ľ£֪ʱڳһѨҵλ· 
һ˲ʯ𣬳ֻһƬڣ徿ǿһȥҪ¡Ҳ˼ϣԾΣ֮ȫźľӶʱķѡ 
ϵӿʱͷ֧λεǹϷֱ£쳣˿ֵԾ֮ƽߣѾδҧҧȫעұϣס֧ǹ⣬һѵɫҩ۽ھȥ 
͵ƺߴԷȻǹȻж֮಻ⷽңһһ֧ǹʱһ¶϶ 
ǧԾϵ棬ͷ΢΢߳亹Щ˹żʧ󣬺Ͳ롣 

վҲվȣһƬϸĽӭ˹ǡԽģϮ壬˹ͬǵԽ 
ܵδⲻǣҲܣĸոľһϢ͸ֱ̹зʱǴ֮ 
òվŲҶ˶ԣΧơ 
ĵı仹ڼŵӶѵ⣬ֱֲסΨиΪսľһ룬ԭĻѷƶҲϨˡѨԵĵϺ˵˼ˣ϶һƬжڣųǹ͵ϮȻǡ 
ҡβֹĵƻ΢￴ȥֽվǰĺȻϷֶԱ߲վһ̫Ѩ߸͹Ĵֺӣռλ⣬ȴǡǡѳͨ·ˡ 
һڡȻ˫Ĳ˹Ȼ㣬δŵùüŭϴܣЦ۶Ǻֶġ 
ɫ΢䣬ƣҩ㲻 
ҡҡͷҪҩ͵Լȡһζͷ¶βֻƽǿ۽硣 
⼸仰аڳÿ˶һ 
ûнӻὣֹԶһ൱ˣ޹ֽϵԽԽݣȻսپ 
ҼвУ֮ʱ͵ϮһΪҷűȹһƣ룬ǳĻ᣻һ룬ӦΪ쳵 
һˣڸϢһңʹصײ 
һƵ;Ҳʩ 
ĵײ˿⣬Щҩҩƽʱһǳ⡣ 
תۼݵǰһãһͷҲŻǿÿһһȴαܲȥҺݺҧһ촽һӲŲ˼硣 
ɻΡ 
Ľ͸ʱҲһ£ 
뻳סǸССƿȻҵĿǽҩôԵڰˣȨſ»صߡ 
ΪҩƷֻ֪ 
Χǧ˫۾ڸ˼ؿţҪǿʹһط硣 
ƿֿЦĳ嶯ʵһֱط磬һֱһֱκ˶Ҫ롣 

ҵĲǸòֺĺӡĪһУƺҲЩԾһ²ν 
ĽûܰγҷӦʱѾòʹֶΡ 
һڹбɶʮİĶ޼˶Ƕֽ 
ֻȰһ㣬̽ǰ 
ѩ˲Ϣš 
弫ҹ꼳һƻƮҡɱɭɭľɲǼ䱻ӳ÷·𲻸ڡ 
ֺӵͷĽֱ˳ȥڵֻһͷʬԵڵϡ 
ƲסľӻԶĵطұ˱۾ͷеѣλûйȥЩң˵ʲôζ 
һɲǷǱѧͼĽʽһУͳƾɱʽ 
ط컹ѹңڹǰʩչ 
ʵ˵Ҳֹ֪һظ쳣Ǵ˿̣Ű׵Ժȥˡ 
ֺ˪סȫɱſƷ绪̽һ·޹ϵһһֶı۵ģվļɳ 
Ͼŭٵоḻ˷һǰԾѧԴԴʽף¶ʱܵĽס 
һ̣ܵȻŤˣǱεӲһžȫɢˡ쳵Ķȣ޷սģߣ׹һѵײײ˺󼸲ұѪע 
ȻϿһ̲ססڶʽָ𡱣ԭ˹ 
쳵Ĵ¶˹߳ġԴЦ⡣ɫ԰׵ضĿоǲ֮ɫ˺˼һͻȻХһһ߰˦쳡 
ХδѣľϷ¼ֵ׳Ʊڶ룬ȴҲ쳣һ׼ͷԵؿԭһľܴشʱҡҡ׹ 
·ˣҹ˲ö룬סͷĽֱӭıƳĳһ֮£ؿڷŻ֮ͷʹھʹһʱ伸ȥ 
ҶңƺҲɱ֮죬ݡ 

Ȼ쳽ҵˮкذĽâں޿ײ롣 
ǿ˵ʤĽһ˲ȴžýį 
ϡɱһʽƽʡһҳʱͼʽг¾ɵıʼż֣ 

𣬵ָ˲Ϣ 
ȻʣΨ 
Юкɨ£ѵ컯˷֮ 
ǽ֮֮ײ 

ʱһζֻǳףȴΪԶ 
ʱ˿̣ȽҪֻСɨ¡ĸ֡ 
ҹ̶̼죬쳶һ˼ֻ֣ܵ׳߰˳ȥ񼸸ֽˡȶֺľﴹ 
쳰Ұϰ˳죬ʮŻһһѹɢ«ϯľ档 
պʱ룬ûаǱؼ쳣ûĵҪҲе¶ȫͬҵһʱһѾˡ 

ҵķһڣڳ߲ݵһ˵ȷ׷ðŴССİѸٳ룬ϼʬҲҴ̧˻ȥȻɫ࣬Ҳսƾ˼˻Һߡ 
ϵĽ˵˽ѪòײֹסѪʱǲˡ 
Һˮҩ裬еѣƽϢʶԼĿ¿쳼ϣæվֱ塣 
ڸƺˣѾ볡ٳ߿ȥطɲɫԭλĿһԣﷺ˼ůɫ漴ʧˡ 
ԭҵͻȻſˣصһֱۣճġ 
ԾĻӳӰͦĲϲ֪ʱŨɱݣ 
ڵ͵еĶҽ𶥶ʱÿһصеĿⶼͶλݶľе 

ûд𻰣עƬ̣̾ϢһתͷȥԵִʦΪΣ 
ԴֲɣطҪºһЩڶоֻ仰ͷβδ˷ѽ⡣ĿĹˣ֮ɫ 
ԵһֱվڳףԳĬΣ̾ѶԲţֻŸϵ˼䡭ʮ꣬Ȼֵüѧ 
ѧһڣһӦȴ޲ݣؤĴϺվʦĿãӡŵȷƹùľУؼеĲ֮ء 
Ŀоʢһ쳱˹ȥԭΪѰⱾؼúεңؤݼʮߣֱʮԸԪԭ䵽У޹Ž衣 
ֱ̼ת£һ£漴ЦЩԪѹ£ӵеͨͳδʮ֪ΣҲͰˣ粨Ѷʮǰľɹ˾Եͷϲɣ 
ͻȻú䳹ǣָ̧ݣԩͷծҪɱ֮ҪҵƥٸӰ֣һ쳵ı¡ 
ɫʱǣֻǶƺΪɵһʱ˵ 

ƽʱҲƽϢȥˡ쳣һûô򵥣ѾȦס 
Ȩ͵֪֮£طؼ͸ң²żȻ˿Ҹڴõ˼Ȼ죬ȴɲ⡣ 
ԵּȻѻ˵ˣˣοˡݴѶֻһҡ 
ƿѷסҵ֣ǰȥ 
˼ͷɫأǶ΢΢һЦʾⲻ¡ 

ÿɶһЩΨŲ֪أ򹫻˽ڶഫµЩаְ׵ɰعĹͽɣ˵ƹ˵Ǳ˵еؼ 
ƹƾ֮ʽԭ࿹ʮպƣٹʮգΪŴΧɱˣش˺Σض 
Ӧһ㣬ԭҲѧؼ¾д֮ྐྵ񼣬ɱҳ̶ȱ֮ΧƲضá 
Խ˵һؼͻȻʱʮʮţҲʧءʮλݵɽ£鵽˵ز˼Ȳʾʹ˻ȥؼҲԸ֣֮վݼղأҲڽؼչԭˡ 
ѪΪˣ޾ɺãԼؼй¶⣬ӵ಻⣻һؼ书ֹֽ֮ 
֮󲻾ݱƾΪ仧꣬õؽׯؼڵ¡ 
Ȼתۼ䣬ȥˡ 

ǰԽȥұϸϸ쳣ûиһ᣻ֱǰȨһľݵǰҲЩѾõƹʡ 
ԣʵõⱾؼѾռŲ֪Ĳҳ꣬߻ĵزȫڹ»ˡ 
ЩҼܼ˵ؽˣΪֻҪͲ⡣ 
û뵽ݻԵַԸص֤ˣǧʿǰòѷڰɱˮ׼ֶιȻơ 
һаŵõˮ© 
طȨẦңҶ¶Щ⡣ 
ΨˣҲŸ͸ݵǳ 
Ψһȷģʹţǳޡ 

ߵ߲˶̶̼ԽԽ󣻷ȥȺʶʮԺͱΪʢ£ؼǾܣйصԼȴΪ 
һؼ书ֹ֣֮ 
ʾ˵һߣһǰӦʲô 
תȥȴֻ 
վŹ˹֣λԭֵˣϷò£ȴҪ˵ϼ䡣 
ߣȺ۷׷ӦͻòŰ 
תңȥŹǶңݰɽãСܲýѪȷ粻ðһս˥΢ʵΪ֮ϷƫһԲչһǡǰŸ޼ʮ˶ԣη״ɲ磬紵ɹֱշԵʦΪϷ˵乫ⶾ֣֡ʵʤ˵һ٣ţʲаԣ 
Եˣδ̫ʱһ㡣ҲtһԵԵַ֡ɫ࣬ĬȻ 
ҵԵ貢Ǳɱ˸ɱļɻ䣬ֵ֮Ҳʡ˲ٹҲ̣ξȻʩ͵Ϯ¶ֺ 
δ䣬һЦźô˵滰͵ʱ˵˿ɱֻ㼸켸ҹɱꡣεݣԳֶԸһѾͷ˵һͣˣҡͷм·¸ֵö˵ 
΢΢ףǷǹģٰܰꡣ 
ͻȻȥǰλߣڽ껯꣬طΪѣסׯȴߵͬиܵؼǱŻҶΧƼұգ򲻷޶Χδŷֺȴ鰵¶ 
׼ﻹǲһ£ֻǰ˽ԽԽ졣 
Ϊڹ޽֮ͬ壬˽֮塣ýݣ˽ؼΪ֣ݡϷӶ겻£һȴȣòΪ˵Ȼʹ֮⣺ɻʲôҪ˵ 
ֻ̾һݣһƪƽȣҲΪ棬ˡ˿ǧŲˣȫ಻ɵã˵Ѱ壬屡죬һŷӰĽҩʲô˸ɾ 
һҽ𶥶ʱѻȸҲЩЦż쳵ؼԶʤڵطֻڿȴǴס 

һƬžУԵֺʮ֮أ̩ɽҹ֮ԼѼŵùģֻ½ҩͬɽȥաߣڶȴ˲ͷԶɽ糱÷ 
ҳĬˡϵ˿ʹʹͷԸѡδһԣȻĬˣΪԼĶġòϧ˵ڹ˽ûõԣ˽ʱգűسʸ֮ģҲֻܾʹ˺ԩ 
ԵҡҡͷɴʦҴҽֻΪ£꣬ȻὫҩ˫ַϡһҪȴ֮ԼӴ뽭ͬǰӣڵڶôתݣһһ٣ҶԸЮȷ֮Ȼ۱޳ܣƵֶνҲ֮һ࣬ؼ֮֮ޣҹһ˶ϡ忶ԏԷˣܽڰֱ˵ףӢۿڷķ 
΢΢һЦл˵ĳݺᣬ²˵ 
²˵ֻЦȻۼ񵽱鵽٣һɻſŭĺĵֱһʱ侹Ц 
Եִʦ㿴쳵ʽ뵱Σ 
Եֳһ£ʩݣϸ΢֪֮꣬ûн׾ˣ·ۣƺԶδζֹԶ 
ЦЦˣɱʽֻ˼ѡ 
˼ܣһľ£ԶԶģףڵƹ˸ 
ȷʵׯСסһʱ䣬ֻǴδڿ˵ؼû쳻һƤë͸ĻԵ 
ɫ΢򣬿ºȻҿؼ꣬δ˽ۿݣû֤ݣ˵ǶིҲá 
˵ͷǣ˴Щӵܾϰؼļ󣬽Ʊ粻ôеؼںδ 
ؼУпܱߣ˵ءԴϣ۸ӣеȥ˭˵һ˲䣬ҸеͷѹѾõĴҪ𣬻ȥǰڳεУȥнףԼԼ 
ȨڳУӦǱˣط磬һΣĿԼĸϣûлعͷҡ 
һβϿҡ 
磬ŵĴ˵ҸΪ˺飬źۼءҲˣʱҲ飬ֻһζѡ 
ΨһĻᡣ 
Ϯͷҵĺײһ𣬶ʱζӡ 
һعͷݵ۾ʵʮˣǵŵӯô 
һλصƼұʱߵҳؼͼѵ͵ģ 

ݵıһɲǵͣ·ȱ߳Ѻۣ¾ҷڵĶ޷ġĬƬ̣ƣֻСſںҲҪи޶ȡ 
ȡָһڣһɳصֱƹؿڷεشݺһзԲֻз𣬿Ѫζ 
ӯɵЧҵԤ֮ϡ 
ǰңһ˿ҡʾⲻã˵ƾ޾ݣȻ²ɵˣѵһҲǷǹģʹ㲻Ըڳĸ·ӢȴȨ֪Ҳһ֪ 
һԸ֪һؼϣȾ˶ɫɲ԰׵Ѫɣ 

ؼǾеľܣѪΪ˵Ĺʮĸˣʮɵźݣ֪ҲӦֻʮĸǹ󲻾ã֪һ¶ڷ磬ܸ˵ʮˣʱֵһӯ 
츳һŮòʱӵеȨǳһ˵ġӯ֪Ժ˿е֪ؼڽ꣬С 
ӯֻʮ꣬ʹ԰ƵţҲ˿ɱȵģ˻ȤĶһҪ֡ǡõʱԽһܣԾʹ˹һʱк硣 
ºӯͻȻصƼұֱԽ鷿Ҫ޸յˡ 
ѵΪȷžѧйϰŮԲޡԽȻͬ⣬ĽӯӶ಻ʤ׷״ԡִòʰӯһѰ컨ַĴϣԴӴ޹ϸ˴ֲϧ񣬱һ·谭سȥ 
Խʢŭ·ɱͨټȻӯмãȫϢƽʧһ㡣 
תֹ£ŭƽһɵӶ෽飬ȻԲ׷飬Ѿɱֻɻܡ 
ʱӯɴ棬Իصժɴʱе˶ˡϾ˺ݺᣬǵѾ 
ӯʲôҲ˵Թ¶֡ԽŷʡóһҲ̽ӡ 
ĸºӯ 
˽ӯǱѭɱˣʵȻʱûȻϣġ 
ʧǰеһжգͬû֪ķղŷƵֽҳε͵ 

˵֪ͣΪʲôҪϥ𣿡 
ԽŮӣԽǰϧòԶοֵһˣԶ߰һӯǵ·ʱѡصɱļ˿ڱ¶ڴǰ 
һԲţȻɫŵ̬Ȼʧˡ棬ͫײ׾һ¡óҪ˵ʲôˣȴʱûݣֱ̬ǡֵĳȼ泰 
ͣƬ̣˵ȥ 
ӯǲòΪѾĸµСδ¾ͽˣ֮󲻵죬طԾˡ 
µһŮС󶼼ŷΪȡΣԸ 
ӯǰ󣬼ڽϲûзֱžѧй¶ļֹ˶ȥĵ顣ν£ӯͳһɣҲ׼ֱԽȥβŻ׼ĸǰġѳסӴ 
˵˭ĺ˭ݳʵ˵󼸸֣ԭºȶɫͻȻƾڼžҹĻᡢӲȴһ飬Σ 
ԣΡһֱȴһ̡Ҷסѷı飬ƽԼҲò˼飺ܹƽʮǲ֪㣬Ҳ֪Ρ˵ѪģǰһƴʱûԥɡΪΪʲôҪȥȱȫؼνģиķȻΪ˼ţû˼ʶ˵е书˭žֽܡ 
˺˪ӯ漴Ծӯ֮Ȼȥ㲻ѶΪǱ׽ȥģӴΪжŻƶӯߵؼʹ䵽ԽУٴ쳻ңЩٰƣֱ컹ϰ֡ 
ƲŻҲΪƹĺһǲڿڵġ 
һƴԭأЩٲûнȥһʱңһʱ˼죬ţ˪ıȴܿ캹֡òſڣٳſڴƻƣδʿšͲʮͷ֪ܵʮǰ飡 
°Ӱ赭ӳڵϣ֪ǷҵĴƬӰӵڲǺȶǷŵĴԼεѹȸжˡ 
ȥݵλһ漰֣ҲǸͨˣϵֻʣ±һš 
ҵνǧ㣬㣻Ǽ٣ȻδʿҲãſڴƻҲգǵλ绽ȻԲţҲԺºͳͳţƭùԼһ·ͬУŮԣѵһоҲûУʱһ˿飬ҾܾȻûУѾ̫ϰ߳ޣעⲻ 
֪ߵȣڸ٣ݵĲǣʹϥҲףܰҰǰ󾭹ƴˣֻط硣 
ǧ㣬㡣ɫףһ飬Ȼ쳤ЦҰϷȻţ֮ΪҪţ첻ңֺα죬ǲʲôҪ˵һ䣬͵˺ѶϿ޷ 
˿ԼȳҲ൱ڳӯؼɱΡǧ￴ţҲܷڡ 
Ե̾Ϣһ 

ҹɫ̤һҿĿǺ˿뷽ĳģˣǧ㶼һ֮ڣǵڻط϶飬ֺת֡쳼ȻأϷȥ飡 
ɱֺ޲ɱһеĲİԼԼйԸ 
ûжǲԸǲܡ 
Ҽٸ֣ʹطҲй׽ĸоݾǰҲúȶҶֵܳķʽȫްաȫǿ϶Щ·ģóȻ֣תۼͻʧ 
ֻĳһƣ޻ɣȻ޿ɱܣ޿ɵ˵˼¾ʡ 
΢΢ЦҲһӭȥָöڹϸ롣 
ɱ֮죬ݣױдڸɱϵġ 
ܺطԼȣµͷʱȻȲˣҲˡ 

һɴݺƵԱߣ˫ƽδ֮ʡϤıӰǰѸȻһ죬Ƶͬʱ˼ 
ˡطɫ԰͸һʱ䣬ƼұΧĸƻء 
Ӷţҿظо̶һܵľ޴ĿطתϣһƻԼĶϣȻǲʮꡣ 
Ҳطôġ 
ձͬעӣʯҲữľ 
Σһطǰĵϣȥ˻ƣΧʱʱĹѿսһʱѡ·ȻóͲٽҵҲûĶӡ 
ҿ㻹ôء 

ʮ¡ǽ 

ݾȻû뿪ҽ𶥡 
һиոն߸ԼУһ䵽ƺȷʵ뿴طճ 
ҵУһҴٻһƬȻûС·εֶסеļžû˵κһ仰˵һߡ 
Ҷô޷ϣٹ̵Ų̫׵۶顣ֶʮ֮ãҲάĹôʱ䣻ĳ̶ֳϣóȻһУڷԼ 
ط糯ıӰĬĬһʰϵơ 
͵˵룬ϸĳҴδĮ飬˵뻹ǲм䳹ǡǰһŵıȴ׽ңԶ 
һ˼͵Եǰʩһ񣺡Ƽұ˿ײ֡Ϊ֮ƣΨ뷽ɴʦЯͬһˣʦȱΪҪȴ 
⻹طһζȫ 
۷׷ףܿ˴δݻɽŵкιһ໤ѭȥŵõܷƵŴ书ȴ֪ˣһſھҪӦò顣 
طؼйҽնһż޹ʧӦʵʱϻأֹѪҽ޶˲ɱ 
ͬһ㣬綤ȶ࣬ʱѵ͵͵ѹȥƵһȴٽӻ 
ӳ£ҿطϵĺѾȥֳĲ԰ףӡôԭϸϸ˿Ƶĺɫȴɢļ 
ϸ΢ı仯Ҳ֪Ǿ綾ס 
Ȼֻ죬ɷŵĶһǣڵķӰԿѹסˡ 
ԵֶעĿƬֳ̣һ˿⣬ſ˿ңڽӹƣׯԲΪ˽˶ԹҴӵܵ㶯ෳ·ǡ 
һ仰ȴǶ˵ġҵͷһʱɮתȺ͵Ŀ˵Ȼ·Դĵ˼΢΢һݡ 

ȻȷҪϻȥˡ߾ºĶҽ𶥣ҪѾɡҵĺⲻʧǴӴ˿Űǡ 
ҼĽҩȡָȴҲϤĴС 
˶ϸңڣֻװŽҩƿӲɡ 
ոһֳȥľۿ˰ʱڣö˶վ˵˼仰󷴶ˣ˵ǲʧδ̫Ρ 
ղԺʱҵ쳡 
ع쳾վڲԶ̹Ȼ 
ҵؿѹסĻҩ֪õģڽ 
ཻû˿ã෴أͱ˵ʣѵ׼ôˣֱָ̧ط磺úЩʲôֲ˵Ҿȵÿ죬ղž͵仨Ϳͳͳֹ˵£ 
̬ʯļǵģҲ˵ЦҶסһһ٣Ϊأ˵顣 
޶ԣ̵ЦЦ̯֣ҵʹʲôϵطȻ壬͸óһ㣬˭֪ǲΪ˽ҩ 
ӦҩƿѾһСѻҰɫϸĩɽһ׷űߵĵϣһҲ޴ӷֱ档 
ƿҩˡ 
ҵɫһˣΪڶЦߵĳѾӵ۾ǰطģףεԵлֻҪ˽ҹۺʱǰһʹ˴ҩһϣ 
˲صַ衣 
ǵطȨؼң˿ֻܴƼұ˱޿ҫ 
ŭ˼㣬Цù򣬺ÿڲš쳣ϲҹΪûнҩ;Ȳô 
ûд𻰣ҡظң˳˳س֡ 
ط練ɫݣԲһɹҲգһΪ벻ԼλŻȥ¶ˡ 
ûмڽ֮⣬˵̣˵ѡ΢΢һѵڴҸϿ뿪 
뵱ΪطⶾĻƷ쳡ҵıܸңºܼ֡ 
Ŀ֮£Ϊط쳴òľһʧء֪㣬޿֡ 

ʱطתͷ΢Цһ¡ 
ǳܵĮв˼ͣϤЦ⣬ûҵκҵ˼ʹҲκӰ졣 
ڴ뿪ӹɡ 
᲻ƿĿ⣬޷ӡ 
طҷģһףʱ˿̣ƽͨ΢Цʹ 
ӰǼԵһʴǣÿһʱʹӼ֡жȻ־ǿ˶ϣһҲʮʱڻʹ 
಻ֹʹط粻᲻֪һ㡣 
ˣҪȥȷġ 
ĵи˵ټһ£һкܿͻȥ 
ܿ졭ͻȥ 

ִӣʲô 
עɹΪȥҩƿװĲǽҩ 
ĽҩϣšǸϸ׷ɵҹʩͬʱѽҩһ⵽طϡһԷҩԾͻΪѪ 
ΨһҩǱվãЩҪʹһʱ 
۷ʲôҲûнҩ 
ڱɷĩҩ裬ʵҺΪҩӼֹʹרŵƵģûˡ 
ط粻֪ЩԼɫΪҾ첻ѾǰҪȻȥΧ 
׼ɫȥġ 
ڣʲôҲ˵ 

뵽Ҫ°£ʹ˲仮ͷɢ 
ָײ֪ģҴ۾̧ڴݵתԵֱȭɴʦ룡 

˲еɽ·ڣһо˴ҴҶ£ҽѸٱͷԽԽԶԵжΣǰƵƿ· 
ǰҲЩڣҲ쳣ҲԸⱳ 
쳾ڻҰ˵ǣ˺ۡȫԶŻȴ¶ȻҲŹ 
ֻұļˮŪ£οɵɵؼԼˡ 
ܲģҪϻȥꡣ 
ֵǰļԽԽ죬üֱЩףƱһҪ 
Ҳǽ̫ۣͷЩٶۣҹһŷ֣ǼӿٶȣԼԽԽЩϡˣȫ¶ڻȴͣ͵رľϢҲ᲻ʲôطһ㣬̵ͬˮһ㲻ߡ 
ŬӿŲֻúˮ˳ǰסô£ѵЩǿҩ˼ޣǴҩϿӦٻ֧һŶԡ 
ҳһţҺãҹ˿ҵɫ 
Եƺ״Ųͣһƴϡһʱӿ˽ƽͣ飬Ųʱ˲١ 
Ҳҿ˵Ψеͷʾл 
Ȼһһ̣תѵɽ·Ť˹ٵӭǰޱߵڡ 
УŬסʲôȻһжָ϶ˮ©ߣֻʣաǼѾңԶľ 

ǳңԶ޵ĺڰ˿˿ƮһѷɢʶԭأƴճΡط硢쳡Ƽұ 
ҷſ۾ʱǰֻ쳣ҿɽϡ 
ҹɫȻϣһյƷڵϲԶĹɽ΢΢ҡ 
ѹƺ˿һ㣬ҩûȫ⿪ҲŷһСƿ 
֪ĽҩǼʱҩʱ俴Ӧ̫δɽʱ˰㡣 
ôȻ쳣俪ʼǰֻ 
ǰͳ͵ϮңǰĳϤ 
ƹббӳ쳵ı൱侲һۣҵѾȫˡ 
е񱻳ˣһָҲ̧ѲԼġŵϢڸյģҵƺƾʧˡԣʱǰֻôղһЩҩ 
ƺҲˣÿҲ֪еĶҩˡ 
˺Եֵȥˣ 
ûҲСȻˡüȻЩ⣺ҰЩҩǿŵ˵ˣһס׷ȥ˵˼ֵ֮⣺ȷʵŲȥˣˣҴȥúõ 
ұ˱۾Ŀ̫ƽȣ˲Ѿ㻹ʲô 
Ѿ쳵ɫֹŹֵĳ֮⣺ǰطĻҪóȥܿҪĸԸظˣȻʲôáɱʲôʲôʲôһ̨ףȲˣ㡭ˡ 
ûطѾ¶꣬ʹݵˣҵĸҲᶯҡȴԪڶܻظԭȵľϳһڼ飬ֻ´Ӵ࿹˵Цһ£Ҫĺܼ򵥣ڰʰҲ 
ԴһУͷΣҽץסÿһ仰˼쳵Ŀ쳣вɫƶȴ˲ 
һֱôסңȻȴط綾ֻᵼȫˣڱ 
ǻʲôôаաʹжҲûʰط硣 
ϵ˿һһʹǿԼס̽쳣ôãѵ㲻ֻᷳȶҪϢȻгҲ˴˿ѲΪУαؽ֦Ҫָʤ 

ңɫԱߣ˿ȴͻȻ֣ӵǰȫϡ 
ʲô˼һ£ȫӲ 
һ̣쳵͵̾˿ƣ̾㵽ڻסⲻǽ֦ҵȽѾ˺ܾáʹСβڹ˽źҲûкͽءҾ뿪СδϢһҾͷҪѣ޶ա 
ĿƽȻĹʣʺܶô 
ĬĬʾ˵ȥ 
Ҫɱطԭܼ򵥡̧ͷԶʣ˵֣Ψƴ󣬴书ıһ֮ѡѹƣŲưԡһֱҵ㣬ΪԼΪ˱𣻿ӵţ֪Ƶһ޸ɺȴͻȻּʹΪҲϡ 
һ£ҵɫƣһҪʲôﵽĿġǼҲÿ춼龫ǵ롣ȻҪ㣬㲻һֱڽꡣҺǶͣ±֮Լ֪Ϣضطõ㣬Ҳ뿪ϳԭû㣬㣻ֻҪ㻹ңʲôҲɡ 
һʱ벻һʧصİ취춼ڰҡʱҷԬѾ߻Ŵ̽Ϣƺͼı˴̽൳Ķ򡣡 
Ȼ±֮Լ󲻾ܱҽ𶥸춯һԭһ⣬൳͵͵ըҩ񵽽ΧñһţȻǣ뵽ǵͼĻᣬ˿áЦЦƣǲҲ뵽ˣ 
˵ʲôһ˲˲ضͻȻԼ˼ô˿»뷨ǧȻʵĶҽ𶥣˿̸ƼӢżüãôΪһЩըҩɲǼҷ𡭡ôܿһС 
쳾ǰЦƵᣬߡԽԽǲ 
ѵȫܿƵط,ֻ³־ͽӲȥˡ 
¹ϵشʵҲΪ˲Ϣǰ©ܱıŵҲֻɱڡʱѾЩӣÿϻڽ𶥸۲ըҩ衣üζɲ㷢Ұسǲܰһж׵Ȼȣ˽ҹȴضĺҲЩһֻû뵽ԬУȻдңСΡ 
Ѿɱ 
һţȻ죬ƴд̣ԼдʧܺԥԾ 
ȻϵЦıԬԬƵĶŮ 
ǰ죬쳲Լ˲ԵĴֶϣһ졣 
ϸСһƬ 
Ԭд죬Ҹոսšȥҽ𶥸Լ쳻Ͳȥˣ̲ס֣סı¶ݣԾ쳼ȻѲݣȻа취ɫظ磬Ӧò֪ԼͬѾˡ 
߲֪ĵط쳶Բһ֣˿Ĺ衢Ļǡ 
޼ɵΪĵơڼĳֻεȥֻӱؾĽ 
طĽҩûĻᣬҲʹڵ˶Ϊֻһжѡ 

ҵɫһ㼫ˣΪ쳲˵ҵʼüĺܿ 
ҹĵĲǻжʱ䣺˭ȥߣʲôʱ򣿡 
ʣ֣Ѻҽ𶥳£ΧƼұȻսҲԽΧĿͻȻĳĺ⣺ҽˣҪҵֵȼߡ 
˳߿ȥߵҹ͸ǳɫ 
콫 
лڷգҧء 
ʲô취쳸ı⡣һвҪԾһסҵһΧѾ 
̼в֪ץס󣺡֪а취ͣϴõ̻ôڻü 
һƾƴסšһһֻ֣ҵָһһƽƣ֪ʲôˡû˿۵ͷϣҾҪҲ;֡صҪһţԭƹڱӦþø˲ǡ 
֮£ֻǰһ󷢺ڣǲֹͣط绹档 
˿ǿס䣬ӿʻȥ쳣ְɣ㡣㲻һֱҪ㣬ֻҪϰ֣ʲôӦԼһ·Ǽǧ 
ЦˣһһִгըҩֲģӵҲںǧûط磬ôҷŹ˭ŹңͷͫϸϸĻգһֵطʲô㿴ˣһ𳤴ң뿪ãߵöԶվû˭͵ 
쳣ң˵ʲô 
ҲҪЩֻ֪ʹҲûãУǰİɫ 
ҲƭңбըΪϮңľڳôĵصѵʲôҲעⲻҲ쳵鷳޷ 
ֱͷһʹҲŷԼֻ֪õڸʶģҲһģطӳ죬Ҿ뿪š 

һʧھװľС 
ıըһƬм伸ûп϶Զɽĺ˷ӿ۳ĺ¡ɫ˲ӳѪĺɫڶĹ̡ 
ҵɽڱըշתҡҺĵطɽֻɽ԰óһ϶ϸСʯǰ䣬תۻһ㡣 
ҵѲڵĽ󱨸ĻٻҪĳУߴݹ͡ 

ھ޴ûһеĺУصأԼնһһʼյ 
һţһͽ͡ 
һָŰ𣬲֪ͷıը˲仯촷ۡ 
ͻȻЩĽΪʲôǴףΪʲôܵÿ尾 
ΪԼߵ֮£ÿһ·ľͷֻԨ 
ǸԶκʱǰط磬ҲҲ޷ 

֮ܳһʱ޷ܴ׵ 
һĿУ·ԼѲڡ 

ʮ¡ľ 

ڵʱʷеļʮּԣ 

ಿڶҽ𶥣Ԫʮѣ̷ֹ߽ԳƼ޿ɱܡ 
սͿ̿Ѫңߣһ 
ն꣬ɽŽԳɳɫ 
֮Īڴˡ 

ͬҹ׵ʮɷţʷأڼܣʱ֣𶥱ʶȺۻҶˣƼұ֮Χ⡣ 
Ѫϴȣô˾ּڸȻ֮壬ǧ컯Ͽ̾Ҳ 

óİɹͬȷϣ˴ըҩȷΪöַȻ൳ټ޿ɲ飬Ψһҵԭͽ˷ֶϵʬӸּжϣɱΧǰܲ⣬ղ֮ 
ʱʮٶȿʼĽ˵ⳡһ˫еа㣬ͻظһʱ 
ʷĴСɲ̶ͬȵܵ˴˻߳󶼲ò١еƬ̼عžֿʼ˰ӿһλƺ⡣ִٶȸˮʱΪѾԭɡ 
֪˴ڴۣҲտڲᣬؼԴΪǽǰѪΣȣǱֻڴ˵еؼԵùңԶ 

ЩԵʱҶԣ塣 

ֻԼڶ˺ܾãȴҲŴһ˿϶ҲΪʲôᱻ 
ָʶʱ֣ѾƼұ 
ڴǰ 
һĻĻԺﻺĬĬؿһƽظ 
ѵһʱˡ 
Һ۾ٿĺڰְܿΧ 

Уط˵Ǿ仰Ժﷴػһһ飺ѡ·ȻóͲٽҵҲûĶӡ 
طˣʲôҲû˵֪ء 
ҺҲһ 
ȻԼҪѡڶɽ̵һ̣ʧȥ쳣ʧȥҡ 

Ҳ֪ǷҲһ㡣ƺæûһֱҡÿ󲻾áܿæŶ룬ֱ߶ҵͷӣĿ˵Ĺкϣ֮⣬ʱȻĳֲ׾㡣Ҳòһδεض˵ 
ֻЧ쳵ı˲ĮԳ֡ 
ȻִسǰӲϣÿλҪܾãûܾ 
һʱҵʼղֻԼò֪Ӻʱȥˣɫһαһνơ 
мʣʲôʱܺ 
ܵͣң 

ûк 
֮ǰѹƲƵĴǰ˴ģܹǱܣúԱһʱڲʹȫȻУԪΪѪֹʡҩЧ֮գԪĽ֮ʱҩʯҽΨѡ 
һûǸزҲˡ 
ҹܱѵʱԽԽˡ 
һʱһʱȣԼģз·м浽˺һҲƽϢ 
йܹˣǺȣЩʹԭ㲻ʲô 
ڻʶҺܽˡ 
ô 

żָһ֪ͻҵĽŲڴȥȥоҩɬζȵֽãڶ߲סؽҡ 
ֻ˯ȥ 
Զĺڰһڲ϶˵µѾ 
֪ԼʹҲ޲ʲôҲûС 
ľĺڰвס³ֱžޣط硣 
ûгޣûжԹֻѡ 
΢ЦһһƳ俴ĵЦ⡣ 
ϵķ׷Ŷṇ̀ת˲ͻţҵĸ顣 
ֻݸʵʵģΪþԼһҪ˽⡢ܡ 
ûиκζҲΪκ飬һһε˺Ϊ£ʲôԳе 
ʵط磬˵һУﶼģԣ 
ٸңһˣ 
Ҷȥ㡣 

γ޷ʱ䣬Ҳǲٴ쳽Ƶı顣ֱһ죬۾ͻȻԼȫѹˣһֱڳײʹҲ΢Ķʹ 
ƺǻƻʱ֣˽ۻɫĵΡ 
쳷ڴ˯ˣüͷýģҵһֻ֡ 
˲٣ɫ㲵ǰδеĵز 
ȫºָҲ̧ҷƫԶһ㡣 
ֻϸ΢üĶȴ͵̧ͷû˯һ 
ཻ䣬ĿǼʧصĿϲסҵ־סƣˣ 
ѹô˵𣿿ϧԸ˵ģֻʣһ֡ 
 
۾ĹâʧˣңƺЩŭмֲţƣ㡭 
⴫һصĿԣһҩݿµİߣޱ飬ɽʾÿһңҲҲڶ֦ת֥˰գ 
Ҳ΢⣬ת֥ҩʥƷഫ֮ЧΪرԽ겡ضûóȻϡУ˿һλͷضС 
Щʲôϵұ۾ᡣ 
žķһʱֻԼٵĺڴͷƬ̣߳ȥ 

Ӷжϣһߵɵжҩ䣬£ݵָšƿӷŵһߣȵط 
ڲҲ˵ 
ʶƮԶͬʱͷİٻѨԤشһ飬屾ܵһȷӦǿ䡢Ի縮׵Ѩλ룬˳磬תۼ䣬ʮѨһ⣬˾ǳշžͬؿڵʱɶࡣ 
Ѩ˾׼䣬ַȷв֮ 
Ҿʰȥſ漴˵ߡΪ 
ﲻܿƵһ£ѵǡӱеҽʥ᣿вΪطⶾΪʲôţ 
Ӧһһʣ˵طϢ 

ʲôҲ֪ 
ѾͷķǧĴֶǱȥ¥գֻӰҲšɽͷ˵ֲ죬Ѹת˻⣺˵ҽ뷨Σ 
ʮѨλȻǸѨһ·ѵˮɬҲѹ⡣ǿͷ᲻¿佱Ҹӵ䣬һϢҲûô 
ȻΪɨˣһԲر룬׼뿪 
˵һĴֶȷʵˡ 
ֻüʣôֶأׯأ 
δڣš顱һ߿ˣ쳳̤αҪ˴ôǣҵĻβң 
㣿ͻȻúܿЦظ˵ĻһҲš 
Ц˵úãҸ㣬Դӽ𶥳µڣû˼طݣҲšׯǺεˣһ㶾һСըôκεҵı飬֮Զ׼ֻЩ֣һˣ㲡ôأطûԵŲ˵ͨѶҲѲɰˣ 
ȷţͳͳǻϢ 
䳰ȷǳ£һΣеܲˡ 
̧ͷһ㱣űһѪڵϡ 
ŭһ˦ӣȥѪ̣֮ٽž͵ʬ˵ռԭزԶȥơ 
ɫף֪ʲôȻһ˺Ƴȥ档 

ƣҪؾ£վл֪ط統յڰº 
쳰źõģԵַɺôǡʱͻȻҡ 
Եһɮ۷糾ͣɫ㰲ꣻȴڲסƣ֮ɫ۲ɴھϣԶԵԵǱ 
쳷ãԼҲһԡ 
໥Ѽ䣬Եֺﶼмϸ΢ľ죬֪Լȥһ㣬̫ã·ֿ 
ô붼νҵ۾ʼն磬𶥳ʱԵɽ棬һ֪Ρ 
־ĸоԽԽǿֳּŬ˼ȻʲڣȿڣȫˣʵǶ֮ҡɷҵҹĵķϣ״һ 
עңɫ䣬̾˿˳⣬ŶˣҲ̫Ρ 
ʵɽȺ޷ޣҪһһׯԵϵдһգ֮λΨе߾֮ҼȸУԵжȥΣɴá˵ձȡһɲҪ䵱תԵַɡ 
ֻʱŵա 
Σ 
ЦؤﲻӦΪɲף˫ӵܳһʹˣἳְؤɽȥ䵱ԽԽ˸ɴϮׯҵµȻɣؼߣӽʧ֣ԵִʦҲڣʱһס档ׯΣ̾һ㽫ؼڻˡ 
üסȷΨһİ취ˣֻһȻʸ֮ġ 
ȥ֧Ŷͷ֪˼ʲô˭뵽ؼ 
ĬƬ̣Եֺʮׯ˾Īɣֻ̾ƽܸı䡣 
ͷһ٣֪ʱ˵ʱĳɫЩ԰ף˿һǳըȻԶ򱱣֪ը˶áٸתѪӰ١ 
ôطˣ㿴ûУҵⲻҪҵľжʱӿվĵĻ͸˵ˡ 
ĬƬ̣ʱҵľΪ̫Ѿ·󱱱߿ճһСطׯǴ˵ 
ҵ͵ؿ˼ġ··棬һƬ£ŵľҲˣط˵˵Ҽǵãŵľ·һʮ˵Ŀӵʱ棬˵һ 
ſ뵽ľµĻأ绺·ׯָġӻŲ·㵽ߣǿӵֻϧׯԼȴϡ 
һ仰һڶֻѣԼеߴңԶ 
Ϊʲô 
ƺִ뵢ʱ 
 

һƬԵ֮˵ʲôǲ̫ˡ 
쳰ͻȥס˵ʲôҲһ䶼ǲ 
һҲ 
ͷʲôִϻ˶ѡ 
Σһġ 
£Ҫ뿪ţϧκδۣУ쳾Ӧ 

ĻҪõġҿʼ 
ҪصԼסĬˡŵʵȨֻصֻǺʱܻ׼ҡ 
ʵʹˣ˵ҲûãҾ뿪ţҲ֪ʲô 
ÿֻäĿطҩҽΣȴĳ̶ֳϺȬ 
Ŭȥط磬ڷ軹̫硣 
ᵹҽʥǱҽУһҵؽõϧʵڲô 
һڲΪȻضƲƲ죺ϱһֵ÷գ;ͻס 
ûд𻰡ȻңԶΪʲôһҪס 
Ʋ˼ߺߵڻ˰죬һŵúܾµż㣺ѾͷҲ֣ҪҪ㡣ȥ໹ûġ 
ֽú壬زʲôû 
Сĵزż㣬Ȼдյı£ֻдһ̡֣ 

ʮ¡ķʯ 

ڻǴϢȻԶε֡ҿЦһ£ֽ裬š̡Ѹٻ˻ҽ 
ضùȻֺȷر̬ȡ 
 

ҲûзֻǣҪϢһ¡ 
ط˵һȥһ˰ˣҲֻлŲϣ 
ʵ𺣣Ҳšôĵ뻯ԹôԼһеϣΪС 
˵ʲô޹أֲۿʲô 

᲻֪ʱųȥˣҶԾһ 
ϣ˴Ųǰ 
ƿҳֽˣӭ庮ķѾʪϸ΢ů⡣ССԺͨҩԵ·ʱĽŲԶ 
ˮɫ£žɽ´УĺɫɫԵ˰ꡣ 
ƼұûȻǸƯʱÿ춼˼ļңҲ޿Ѱ١ 
õ࣬ʧȥࡣ 
ʱ˿̣סʮķֻ֪Ļҵȥɫʣ׷ҲüΣ޹ؽҪ 

СԺŷ΢ġ֨ѽƿˣ˽ 
ˮīɫ飬Ϥİò 
վڴǰһ㲻ܴ磬شȥ 
Ҳȥᣬֻڣȴһɽľ롣Щӣÿ춼Ҷ޷޵طȥȴ·ϰˣʱԽԽá 
ʱ䳤ˣҲʼĿĺ塣 
ֻԻĹſˣ쳵Ķܿ죬ֻǰһ˶Żشϡ΢ڴ 
ĮȻϷĴᣣԲÿͻԿȵȤȻߵġ 
һ̾˿û˿˹ֱͷҵļϡⲻһϵӵлĳеζ̫ˣºͺҪһϡֻܹطѡҧ촽˼ȴô 
ҵ쳱ضˣΪ彩һ£ȴȻ֡ 
˲䣬ҵŭĸоֱ嵽ͷ 
αҪ̣ʲôɹǵģ 
ҽҲҪ 
ǲУļѹúܽƫͷ߾ȫҧȥڳҺ塣 
쳵ýģ̫ͻȻ͵͵غһ 
ҵȼգһڲޣһطٶҧȥ 
ôһҲںʹʹΪԼѾʹÿҪ񣬿Ҫȥ 

ųʹɿ֣˵Զĵط 
õòˣҴϢǿ塣 
Ųʹͷ֪ʲôҧòᣬļϿؿһƬѪ 
ãʵƣľңңȻһĮȻӵĿݵļƣ֮⡣ 
ⱾǸʵ⣬ˣҺ档 
Щ΢ط֪ΪΣҾһͼԹںãһͼȡҪĶ 
Щ棬áܾˣҲȷҲƭڵֵñƭ 
Ҫģǡǡ˵ġ 
ƽظֻҪһڣҾԭ㡣 
쳵岻׾ҡһ£һɲǣлһĨڿȻǵȵһԲվʱָֻ˹еɫ 
Ƶһˡ 

ʮҶûм쳡Ǿ˵ÿ춼ѯҸԭҲżλϸߵĵΣᵽ쳰иúֻƢЩ粻֮Ϊǡ 
Һط֮飬һЩ֪쳵Ϊҿ 
֪񡢲񣬶һģ˵ҪţҲ쳣γطء 
Ҫµ״ֻ̬ܿԼ 
ӾȻúģֻŬϣظԭ 
Ȼһһһ 

ط绹ѶʹʲôϢҲ޴ӵ֪ 
ҾȥȻʶ̫꣬ĺۼ 
ҽʼʧߣÿ춼ҹԵ޹ʵؾѣȻ󷴷ػطԱߵҹִػֱۣԼůչϢ 
˼糱ӿûУҲ޷˯ 
ҲֻЩʱҲܸоԼţľ 

ȬԶСԺɢĳ̶ʱѾ£ҪˣҽĲڹˣ˵عɭϣ⡣ 
У쳼ʹȥ룬ҲŵĴͳҽĹһأشǷңҩ߶ܵõˮ©ʵ˲ί 
ϰÿЩᡣȻŲƵأ뿪Ҳá 
ҵ˵ͷȻˣӴ򣬾㶯֮ǰһæ 
֮ĲǣҪи˽С 

뿪ĵڶһʣƽ˾ 
ҹʱ֣Ҷ˯ǰһҩʱζ˼ʱڲʹĻɢ 
ۼҩѾĿתصҺȥҵЦһ£һ 
ɽ 
ѾеҴ˱Ǻʽ׼˳ȥʱˣһҩ䡣ˣһŴµͭ裬һһڵĿˮСݽǰںá˳ȥǰһϵ͵ƣƺоʱ˲ֹһ 
쳵ЩͬƵȴ֯ĳĹʣƺãƺм˸С 
ԹԵ£˳Ϲĳҩ档 
һһеȫ¶Ծرˡֱңҹˡ 
쳴ݲȣĴƺ޸оƣǱʱ˵Ȼ廹飬֮ǣ˵ųҵ֡ 
֣òţֻҪؼ㣬Ҿͺܺá 
üֻؿۣסҵ󣺡лҪ˵ԸԸⶼ꣬򲻹ҲӮαͽˡϸżһƣ˿̸òҵ˼ô 
ƽĿ͵սըǰϦһƶҲٶϸ 
ӡУ쳴ûô˺ܾúܾã΢΢˿ȷǸ֣ûˡ 
Ҳɫذֳûʲô˼лֱ˵ 
쳶ңأĿһζжԶ·͸ңԿ㽵һС 
ֻʣƯУûң 
ɿʼѵá䵭ؿû˵ǵģ̹ġһһλصţֱǣĥաȻȴ˼ʣҡ 
쳵һ߷һ޵΢ЦʵҲ֪ϵĶµģȻʱʱǵңȴһֱҪ㡣Сȥǲͣңֻðߡжʱÿ춼æҹΪѾøɸɾˣʱȴյš˵һ㺮⣺ƣȷʵſ㣬ҵģÿζǡ 
ĬȻԶԣȥˣҲˡ 
žУ쳵ָŰС˵ʶط磬ʱҲ֪ҲԶһʶõ˼Դɫ᲻ΪίߡЦЦֻЦ⣺ҲͬȻ黳ʮǰĳޣҲϱʲôˣĴֻǡҲŻ᲻֪㿴ҵģ޹Ҳ޹֮λ㿪ҲաҲգӦҶҶաЩÿ춼룬ʹ㲻ϻҲҪ취 
㻹ǻˡƣʵҲףôǷࡣ¶㼸ûҲ͵Ϯ㣬˻ԣҺСγ˻ȴûкúôЩ㶼ԸԭңֻһΣΪط硣Щ첻ԲѾ⣬ȴߣҲҪ뿪 
һԲ棬쳣Ҳ顭 
ˡɶЩˮ׷ͽꡣҵ޿صڣѵץסʲô 
µ˵Щûˡҵ˵Ҳһ쳣ʲôҪõδ̫˽һ㡣 
û𣿡쳵΢Ц˼ƮҵȻ֪ûãǽ̲סͳͳ˵ҲûлˡЩ̫ˣԽǲ˵Խ޴ӿڡ׾̾˿죬ʲôҲǵá 
ʲôҲǵá˲䣬ԺʲôȻһҪ 
Ŀԣ쳵ҩ䣬ȡһѩ׵ɴƽڳϡóһ룬һһɴϰںá 
͵ȻȵȼţĹâӳ޽ȶָոµĽ롣 
һش뷨Էס˵ļ䣬עʱ䳤̾סáǰһҪѱյϣطͬˣҪݻ֣һ¡ 
ǶԵģ˭Լ˰ڲ衣 
һ֣ҪҲ޴ 
쳣յѡ 
ҵѾˣһЩֱ֪ӵסӣһ£ڴͷϡ 
쳵Ǻȶ㲻õģò˶ãϣһоͶȥˡ 
ż֣ͺáҧס촽ֵʹͷķ϶ܿ촥һĶ 
ǰЩˤҩƬ˲ܲصڡ 
뷨Ҫ룬ʮ룬ڼӽ룬ܸоעҵĶ 
ֶֻڱ棬ס̣þȫȥ 
һʹֻͬʱоȪӿҺ塣Ѫеĵطһ֪Ѫᡣ 
鴤ʹһһҽ鲻䣬һƶֱͷһߵĴץס 
һСذѾƿˣѪһֱ˳ŴȥֱڿõвʺͱӵסŨҩ㣬쳼ʹǰҲԷ 
ǵᵱʱı飬ңҲΪҽԱ۵Ҫ 
Ȼ˵ֻǶһ˵ 
ڶ˵ƣطѾˣҪȥһֱǺʲô˼֪㲻ͻȻ˾ȫ˰ɡƹҵط磻ȥס͹ˣԶ㡣 
ŬҪСκЩҪվƣҴ˿ѾûгԱŹƧȴ˵Ҳϡϰȥҵӡϣһһңҽһֱܺá 
쳣ôΣҲûӦĻɣΪҲܼס 
ȷʵʲôãҴӲκˡ 
쳣һǺ㣬ҲԼվߵ˴ʱ˿̡ôԶԶҲ޷ȥ 
Ѫúܿ죬Ѿǿ΢Цһ£쳣һҪףǸˣһȥˡҲҪΪǰֻҪһ˶ϡ 
Ŀԣ쳴ߵ΢ЦѸʧˣɫôôףҿ 
ˣûж㿪أ̧ƾ£áǰ󷢺֮£ 
һҿˣ쳵ͻȻ˼ֲ𣿵ʲô 
ץסҵۣѸٵѨ 
ǲҶ˶񣬲ͷȥһϸϸİɫӴͷ»ظʱɢ˵ü㳯Ʈȥ 
˺䣬ðײסֱ϶ˣ޾졣 
ҧס촽ؿƬɫƮߣ쳵͵زһ£סĿڣ˼޷Ƶطڴߡ 
ͷϸ΢ʹʱ׶ĵʹҲܺ 
Ȼ쳲ûлȥŴֱϴᡣҲŷѪûȫֹס 
ֲסִӻȡһƿҩҿҩʣ㡭ʲôҩ 
̶Ƭ̣ɫȫ˲Ұףͷ亹촽Ҳûɫ 
˵ǹƣơұԸݣ벻ͷϡ 
ơʱ쳵һ£ͣһͣ͵͵ЦԽЦԽ󣺡ԭҪݵģȴµϡƣùݵĶ˰գԭݣ㻹һЩһδϣһںѪֱȾѽѪĴϡ 
ƲǹƣǶƳѪΪʳ壬Ҳûо綾ȻĹƳһѪҺϢȴ綾ޱȡ裬˼壬ƶžѪߣʮǣʮʮУʹ鼰ȫÿÿ磬ݣƫƫȴȫá 
ʴˣͬ˰ǰõʮ޽涾Уеһ 
ط統֮ҰѸոɵĹƳڷе£ⲻϽ𶥡ֻҪٽӴѪºȻȥͬҰ֮ǰеҩ֪ƵĴڡ 
գˡ 
Ƭ̣Ѿҡҡʮܹ࣬ǴŶȲ¡ǿסһհļ£ӻȡһƿӰǰʹҪѪԽ䣬ѪԽࡣᵽݣֻҪ֪ûط磬ڶҽ𶥣жըҩһ 
һֻöֵһҩϣǽҩ 
֣ҩȻɫҰףȻԿĨеķ̣˵ƵˣʹδδήȻҽһҩҲܼ򵥵ؽ⿪ 
Щ΢Ĳҿؿ쳵ɫΣ΢ϣǲܿƵػһҧҧ˵òȻнҩǹƶ壬Ȼ뾭ԱסӴ˾ڳˣҲ˹ϰ䣬Ӳ˶䡣 
һʱһƬš쳵ֲһ£ҩڴϣҲ 
۾ֻҡ 
Ҵûκһϼӵı飬ãȻԹƣʹʽ֯һ𣬻ʧĴ 
ѣҿ˿̵ӡ 
һ˲пǼᡣ 
쳶ҵĸ飬ӹɡ 
˵עǧ㳤ãҲʮ꣬ԼֿУطҵǸ΢Ц 
ѣĸоһһԼоѰƿ۾ȻңƣҪ˶ϣ 
ǵģҲںֻһУܲˡ쳣һֱˣҲˡ㲻ҸӦΪǷ㣬һãʹϰ޼ɵΪΪ 
طؼڹǰͷˣԣˡ㲻ҪңҲҪ㣬Ӵ޹ϸ 
ҲǵЩ˵˿ڻֻԺУֻڲסҡң˵ 
Ҫٴˣ˯ȥҡҵ˺޷˼Ժпֶҩű˼ˮ 
ǿſʱؿϣϵҩѲˡ쳵ɫֽҪҰף㵽˶Ѫô 
ȫ᲻һ˿ҲĲˡңʵšҸղ뵽һ£ߣͼŶ֣᲻Ϊ̽طϢ 
о쳵ָҵٷ˶ȥˣұΪӴ˺գ벻ƣֻǵҺ㣬ϣԼŵҲ㣬ԲŻ䵽ֵزһ죬ȴôԼԼڳӣҪҽҩͲһʱŭɱ㣿ңܰѱĥȥԼȴˣû书뵽ҲҪȥ 
ʶطҲ˵ƵĻʲôʱ򡭡 
¶ȵ޳ָɨҵü۶ͷϸ£ϸϸ棬ļסʲôסҵ۾ƣҵȷվݲ㡣㡭Ӯˡ 
쳴˿̵ı飬ֱ⵭˵ƣȴؿҽɢʶػ졣 

ʱԭķ䡣ȡϵ·ȫˣڴߵĲ쳣ɫصǡ 
һ˯졣ǰһҹһԵˣɸɾ޺ۼֻһţһǰҡ 
С鶼䵽ֲϣҲѹļ١ 
ֻøǳһܡ 

֪ˣˡ 
ԵУ˳öҡ֮ԼǵãΪʱѪҩݵζ 
쳶ҵĵ 

ұӲӲģʲô˶ºҰ 
һžɵ飬طؼ 
Ҿŵƻ˼ҳĿȻڶҽ𶥽Ⱥ۵ľɱʽһСʡȻǳ¾ıʼ 
֮֮ײ硣 
һעײЯǽ񳯡 
ͦ쳵̶ּ䣬ǰĲۻ֮ƻ䡣 
ЩЦȻڷӦ֮ǰˮѾһһīģһš 
ʱ֣ﻹŻ裬һۣͰŽؼѸٻΪ˻ҽ 

³ǽš 
뿪Ƽұ 
صѡʵ·ǵ߳ŵؽʱܲ 
ҴӳʾϳԻȥˡɫӳһǳһɡݸңݳȥ 
廹Щ飬Ͼжˡ˳Żƽ̹Сһ·ȥ 
ǰ﷢һԽܱȻȻ޶ڽŸ˺طˡ 
ھȥ졣 
쳣ײϰϢҡ 
һЩۣΪϣ۴䣬ǿͬˡ 

ڶɽУĺʱڣɽ߾ľ³֦ҶǵС 
һ·ϼûˣʱԽԽģҰ 
ɽ֣ˮݺᣬããؼ䣬ֻʣһˡ 
ƾΨн۵· 
ҶԼ΢Цһ£ֻճߵúֻҪֹǰ·ܻоͷ 
޷ȷǰʲôһҪһֱȥ 

ʮ¡β; 

֮һ 

ˣûͣʮСªķ£ɴĨᡣ֢ˣ˺üҽҪô벻Ҫô鲻Ըعҡͷ˵һĻȻݲݶһҩߡ 
ʲôС鲻סȥһƬҳµò 
ﴹ˵ССľɽкôҪϰȥϣ˵˵ٳûжֻǵˡǸ̫үʦүȨǮһƶϴ㵽ҲдԸðǰ 
˸ôأС߿ޣҿ޳ 
ҭҭ죬̧ͷͻȻǰվһˣʱŵһ۾ 
κܵɫһֺѪɫĲ԰ףűɡվеӲˣһƻǡ 
һ뷨ѸԺѵǰ޳Ļˣ 
дô 
µòҶʱ򣬶Է˵ˡ 
Сһ£˵ʲô 
΢Цˣд;˵أȥһɺã 
ΪСӣѵζºͣС׳ŵٿۡȻ֣ȴ˫ÿ۾͡һۣܰȲ١ 
ӦáǹŶԡɡ 

԰İ˷Ž꣬Ȼˡ˶Էò֮δɵѸܲλС磬Ҽز־пջȥǱͶޣմ˻ 
ȴûжԲסʵ߲ˣЪһ¾ͳȥ 
˵ţĿתڳݣ´ͨҽȻвˣ˿ԸԼӿӣȨл⣿ 
Сһߣֻ۾ڻʱȻζһ۾Ϳ˼ͲûǮľ 
ɵٴһۣȷ˲ǴˣҲûмָˣý 
ȷʵƣ룬·еҡҡλΡС鿴ովĵطһ̲ˮЩֲ֡󲻳һɡҪ߶òŻǱ 
Ǳȷʵе㱾£һǿƤ˿ʹӻóɫڵգֱӴǰ˽ȥڱһȥ 
ֻʣһˣô֣ܵСҪУɲ֪Ϊûгʩƽ͵ıĳֿĸо 
Ȼһ͵س³ںɫĶȻһ۾ 
Сһ泯˹ȥһݵؿŸղŻ޳ҽҽݵذѽɫûдˣ̵֢֮ͻȻЩִ̫ŻͻȻͺˡ 
ŵ˵״ΣƺҲϸˣǹ֣֪գγƺҲΪ鳤λ˵ȻˣҹںЪϢһٶ·ɡ 
Է˵һۣԥһ£˵ͷƣҵ֣һʢ顣 

ҽĻûд³˺ںڵĶ֮󣬵ѣ˵ܳԣ˵ڶϣȻ˻ǷѾõû 
ǡҽԼҲ 
СڴǰСϣֽˮšɣĶͷϡ 
ˮߵģȻյöͷ̣һֽûþˡ 
ΣһҩܷյӡҲѹﷳգȲҩ͵ߵĻ˳ҲûǮ 
Ĵܶ࣬һһΣ֣ÿζʲô 
ⲻֽˣǿԴһߡС̲סʣʲô 
ûһһȻվСǰûİ鵽ȥˣ 
߽Թ˵ʲô˻˯ءҿǸֽʵȥˡ 
˳ȥϴƶѵֽչϤţһͰ͵ֽ߻ϸضſ 
С쳤˲ӣֽϻһĹӣüĿйŵϡ 
ǺƯˡ֮£ǰĲ㲲ûôÿˡ 
ǿˣԽԽ󡭡 
֡ŵڳСʶ֣ϳǣ 

ϣСѹ˵ 
ֻͨ籨žһǧƽׯ͵ģǮ׬ɵӡ 
ǮȻãѾͳȥǮ˯ž 
˵ѰҹѣˣȥֻкôȻûǮΣһô죿һ㡣 
ôȵˣԼԸԸ⡣ȥ 
Ǹ֮Ҹ˵ׯٸܽ裬Ƕ͡˵˱·ڲá߱ʮʡ˶͵͵ˣܲصסãԼߵǼҲͽ𣬹ǽ۸˷ܡ 
ǡ 
ˣǮ˭ܸܡǵʱͰᵽȥ㲻ΪԼͲ뽫Сź£ 
 

С˼·ڵС䣬ҡ˯ŵˣƵĸ磬ѣѡ 
ôҡ˫ĿûзӦˣָϺݺһ¡һΣë£ȻֿסС󣬽Ųš 
С£ֶԷ־һ֮ѡܺڳһƬʼˣµüҪ޳ 
ԥҪҪеʱϵ˷һ͵͵߽ָɿػȥ 
Сǽвˣֻ߻ȥ 
һҹû˯áʱ߽Ͷģ˵ʲôǸ֡ 
ڽ˭أǸĶⷶΧ 

ʱѾȥˣ磬һͣڣ۰ŵ̧ȥˡ 
ҲԶСܹȥ絽䲻࣬Ｘ򵹶ҩˡ 
ڶȵȥȻȥʱ֣ſʻһؼ࣬ȴëɫѩ׵ĿڳԵ糾ͣ彣 
һæסȥһҪȥһˣͻ 
ҪȥͰɣС鿴˷ܵŹĵһԡ 
Сǲھ˻ᱻ͵ԴʵҲģĵֻǮ 
ʱʻƽƽȵȥˣҲһƥں档 

С֪Ǹ챻ߵˣ档˼ͻȻеޣȴԼҲΪʲô 
ֻǵǸ˻ʪ͸ɡվӡ 
͵͵½ǣ˵԰ѵ·һ¡ǳСܱʱתͷ΢Цһ¡ 
ȻвƴѣΪʲô䵽;еİ˼ﲡأҹס˭ 
Щ⣬С벻𰸣ó˽Ѱҵԭ 
ܱһ˫۾ţ˶ҸǳҸ 

֮ 

뿪ź·һֱ˳·̫̫һȴڰ·˶ʮˣӦʱųһ̵ˡ 
ڣʱҵһֱֻʣһɡ 
ֻðԹڵϣϵĲͳͳϴһա 
û취̫ԶˣûǮȥˡ֮еЩ˶Ǯ㹻ãҲԸð·١ 
һֻ· 
ۣҵǴǰˡ㵽꣬ǺԽԽʱϲͷʱֻ 
˯ʱҾɻ᲻ʹѲˣεʱҲǿӰʱط硣 
뿪ǶԵģʱҴȥǺܺãǱϾǻӰҼʹҲ޷סֻѹȻȥ 
ˣҽʼ־壬˽껹ûطϢǺãããҪȷ˼䡣 

۾ʱֿط磬ɫܲ԰ףڴַҵĶͷ¶ȡ 
ҲҶþˣұնҪʵʵÿԸоƵĴС 
ã̾˿ƿĿ»ҵ۾ 
Ϥط磬֡ĿǡܹһҲϲ顣 
ˡҲǡ 
һ˲˲̰ؿûлشûѣ˯ƣͻʧˡ 
Ǹİķ䣬õüʡ 
ͷεطü˵̫飬Ⱥȵ㶫΢ҵڿȥǰ˰ɫɴ 
ȵˮ͵˴ߣҲžָʹΣôԽԽġ 
˼ڣַ£۵Ļ˯һҾ㡣 
˯Ѿ˯˲ô᲻ñ۾ҿߣֻˮһȻذΧס 

۵ʱͷôˡط绹Աߣǰ· 
һΣҰɢǰͷСĵطŵ󣺡ǲǾúõˣѾˣԸԳԵˣҩ 
Ȼûѣ˯ȥҺʱŵ˽ꡭ 
ұ۾ٱϣǰط绹ǲʧңЩ⣬Ŷһ˿Ц⣺Һ˵ھɽҵˣͼ̸Ϲˡ֣űӰұס㲡˺þãûУ 
ɽȷʵھɽسǼˡ 
޲ůĴУҩζһжһΣҸô졣 
ȫ᲻һ˺һڰһִֻӱֱϡ 
£ûʧ 
˳们ȥ󣬿Ըоھȵ΢е졣 
ůסҵ֣ûʧ 
̧ͷڹ㡭ô 
һֻͻȻսˣüʹȻǰطͷصҵĶͷϡ 
ǵһΣҲΨһһΣؿڵ齥һʪ⣬úϵĴ졣 
ɵϣʮʱˣȻġ 

ſˣһС߽ڴϷźãֿط磬תȥˡ 
ɣ续üĿӯӯЦ⡣ 
طȻңȥͬúϢٺһ㣬Ǿͻؼȥˡ 
ǰʳһƬ΢΢ƫͷ㿪ߣˮǲܿƵ 
ط磬ÿηֿһʱ䣬ټʱҶ 

ʶַطԼǰطģľȷʱʱǲԣȵʱԵʱִ̫֣᲻ö㣬ǧǧղڡ 
ĳ̶ֳϣ˵òûд 
վҡʱڿס֡ 

쳣ҵʹԶƺʧ 
ڣš 
ֻҪţȥܻ޿ɱƮȥ漴ʵתͬ䣬л뺣 

֮ 

Ҫ˯ȥʱ΢춯ط̧ۿȥȻվſڡ 
лҪ˵̾Ϣһе㲻ذѻ˷£´ںôʡ 
ȻڸڵϷһţѾˣһ·ϻƽطվŲĿŻһЩ磬ͲҪˣ֪ҲõϢŻôдŹ 
طϤעӰΣ׼ˣ 
ܵҲãûԹôĸͷԼͶǻˡϸţػع͵ӽֻʮΪָ˵µĲ֮ܵþȣԵɱε£ʱˡ롭ȵˣȰЩ 
ҲֻµſԳ嵭µĻںޡ 
ΪŮҲЩ 
ĿɨɵΣ뵽֣ƤׯҲھΣһ㡣 
ˣҲʱиˡ㵱һϵ͵ϣ˾ġֻû뵽ֵֵزȻͷβˣҲòȥ 
طĬȻˣָ֪ʲô 
ͣһͣɫĳҪЩ㴦ҵλϣΪһģһ 
һʱŮӣǽһֳԵѡͻ־ΥĶ·صʮʱΪĽġ˫ãͬҵѪҺ 
ѡʵܼ򵥣ֻʲôҲû 
ϱ֮²Ĵֶ뽣йصĲϣһЩصղڰҵھλԭֶò࣬޷ҩȥԼвжЩͳͳȥҵ֮µڵʬ塣쳣ھսǰϦҴ°ϡ 
Ȼɫغ͸һ˶ҽ𶥣ȴһз 
ؼӴ˳ΪȥҲΪֹ־һ٣սһж䣬ʧľڱ½΢ƽ⡣ҶԣĴֶϷֶʧϴȻֶؽˡ⣬ֶҲвٲ·׷ٻǣҪȥصʦš 
֪жٿյӾȥ 
ȻΪЩط̶ֵȣٲڰԼΣյľء 
һۣǳˣڹ˽ȻҲûһء 
ǴأɽѪǧĵ˹ 
ҡҡͷԸȥֳ½¶Ĳɴ߷뾾²֣ʲôҲ˵װŲߣǰԼ˵߹Ҳް취ֱǻáҪȣҷ˶ҵǣѵȰߡΪʲôûܵڣҵȻǽңҪҪˣʱεΣܿʵ˰գ 

Щ˺ܾˣֱҵŸҽط̾˿뵽ʲżԼӣ²Ȼһ󷭽ʣ֮ǰΣ𶥱²Ȼ಻׳Զϱ߰Сȴʵޱȣ뱬ըһʹŵȥһ벻궾ָˡտȥΪǲһ𺣡ʱһţԹ˲Ͼµм̦鲼סʲôʹס书Ҳ 
ͷ˻ˣмҴڹܴӡټϱտڲԵ̬ȣ뵱ʱǱ 
ұΪ죬ܿȥ쳲£뿪šط˿ϱûνŲ⡣ҿ࣬ȴ͹ָ֣߹Լ֡ 
˵ࡣ 

ӯӯһЦͻȻ˵߶ʲôȻ˼ԶĸڸϳϵȫΣóԸӦûʵܾˡʦ֪ƵǺڵüʧȥ. 
ﳷһٶҪش£ԼȥŰɡ 

עطͳȥеعš 
˵Щ飬ԶҲ֪ΣׯߴӴ˻֪ 
ҵ˾Уֻ뽣һȻ˳ȥâ˿̣طһĽʾڸڣ˯졣 


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