!صС˵: www.27txt.com ӭȥ!
ڻȡȱ³  ߣ֮
İ 
һһҶۣһڼһṳ
侣걣겨е
ݱǩ ɫ 
ǣѣ֯  ǣ壬ĪȾ  ڻȣ繳

1-2

ǰ
ݣϺ֮λ֮϶ڷݡء
ԹţݶңķΪҡ
¥µһ¥װ౻ΪһΪϵ
Ȼǰħвճɲ鹫ЦųΪħһ񣬳Ϊڵħϵ뽭ϵһϵͷúڵڼӢȴ޷һķͷѪ֮װӲң粨ϡ
Ѫ飬ÿ¶ڱֻһ漣ڲħһ¡
£ָĸˡ֪鹫Цߵĸ
Ψʤ£ſԳΪµħһ
û֪жΪǰȥսȴȫȥ޻ءµţҲ˳ΪһȾѪĴ˵
ֻһУѾ޹ء
лδ
һ
ǴӺܾúܾǰͿʼȴںܾúܾԺŷ·ʱ򣬰ѸԼһͷӣһֲѺһЩ뿪СĿĵɽ·ߡ
Ƶںů
ůůͶϣҲɹģŻ˲ӣպԼһ˿˿ãȻ
һֱůһֱʣһֱãȻȥֱһŨŨѪȴȻ
ѶѪȵϢѰУ΢΢üѭѪѰȥ
֮У̲̲Ѫĵݼ䣬죬ֱ㼯ɲǵں체еˣǸˣѾѪģ
ü߽һѪ֮ǿܹóһ£ϸ屻ڴɺֵİ֮£ϸһŮӡ¶Ƚ֮Ѿ˽ǣƤⷭҲ̶á̾µĺۼ֮£ֻһ԰ϸ壬йһ˿˺ۡ
ѾӸµĿһžȴ
ˣôѪôţǲ԰ֽɫðûȤȥϸˡ
ǿϧգ֪һ˫۾
Ҫ뿪ϵŮȴۡĲͬ˫Ưȴ۾ֻһƬްӣ˫޲۾·ڿַ·Ѿû˽㣬ֻǾʹٺãˮ۾ҲðѸо
ȻͻȻɢǰãȻͷһƬ
ҵԼҪ顣
ӻͳһƿȥǿ£СĵıһѪµŮӣӿٶƽڽȥ
ϿջСڿѺᱨһѪŮʱ˸ɢѺסųϿҵ˽ڣӲĥһͷѪŮΡ
һ²㲻СΪҩĵʳڽĸգ˿ڵķŮ۾
*
޾ʹ뽹м尾̫ãõʧȥʱ䡣ΪԼ˵Ȼǻµİɣˣʲô
˿ڳõĥʹʱȻݲ֪δãȻСֱһ˫֣ȴİסҪ̧塣
𶯣ǣ˿ڡ
һº͵ȻͨĴֲѣ忡ĿϿңѰһ֮СѰˡʲôоĮȻĿһɤɬѵķЩ⡭
Ȼû˺̵ܾ壬Ȼû
Ҳ֪ǸЦЦ·㣬æϵ⸽ϣʵδע˴ˣ֪ԼĶĶȥߵʲô·ĿĵİѣȴδעЩ
תͷһ΢ĶѾǣ˿ڳʹֻǵģޱ顣
ǹӾң
ǡǫ͵ЦЦȴ࿴һۡлӡӡҽ˵áҪȻ·ǳܡ
֮ͣﲻعһǰҪˡ
ѰĴֲѣƽ͵飬ƽʣȴҽ벻ʲôˣҲûȥ롣ʲôıȥΣʣҵˡ
ԥʵԸ棬³˸֣Ǿϣ书ϡ
˫˫Ŀë΢΢
Уѿһ˲Ŀննת˲ƽžšӦǺʹģһССҲ̶õ˿ڲϵķʹҲӦ𾪵ģӴˣֻܵһڴϣֻǾؽˣ޷Ӧ
Ůӣ侲޹⣬ֻ̫Į·Ҳͬʯ
ϺҽΣаտù￵濴볣졣
Ů΢΢ľ죬ɻתͷˣܻȴҽ쳣ˣҽ˵áУһ
˲ǧתȴǳϰߡ۾ֵܿ񣬽кθɣ⹫ʲôˣк죿
лӡ
δ֪﷼
ƺƬ̵ԥһͣ֯
֯ζƺӦһƽŮӣ㣬ǿչȴƽ
ܶʱ򣬰Ѷ롣ԼϧİŮӣһ뷨ΪԼĿһ£뿴ž޲ȴƫƫŮЦʲôӣ
ֻߡҪҵһͬ顣һԼһ˽ǱӴ˳Ϊһ޹ضµķˡͬ˵ŮӣܹԼͬ飬һ˰ɡ
֯ˣһտסջϾǳ֮ơȣѱСѰһõʣ֯ϳһСﹺһСԺס¡
һ򸾣ϥӣĲ꣬СĻŤŤѧ·СԺ˶ᣬסڶᣬһСԺ밢ѡѽ˷Ǯ֯һСֻǶһѰãСޣû˻ȥע⡣
ڶ
ȻƵںů
ѱҩ¨С·ɽůʵƽӣʹûʲôر鷢ҲðϴǳǳЦݡ
ֵܣϱЩ𣿡
ǣöˣл塣
ǰֵܣҶеӣʲôʱ򷽱㣿
ãҲҩȥ
һ·ɽ񡢷ţĴ˴кǸҩʦȻǴӱ𴦰ģΪ˺ƳϿңԸһЩճҩΪҩֺЧСС֣˱ԲȥҴƶС壬ܿ㱻ܡﶼ֪иϱǨ·ϵɽˣɽҩʱҲȥһЩҩģΪ˸ϱơºͺֶϱôãѲ˲øС
ÿһ뵽Ѷ΢΢Ȼﰲ¼ңѾЩˣʱ֯˻أΪ˷չҹҹڴߣԭķϱտһ¡ĲӣȻ÷ΪޣҲʹʲôԡ֮֯½ȶģƽͰ˵ҲȫȻɡ
һˡҩؼңŸ̤Ժӣһӵ㴫ҵСǲ֯棬֯ԺеʯϣֱַֻסǵȻȴԵĲ֪롣
̿Ȱ˷ϱú֯Ųڷÿο֯óӦСӵģΥ͸УȴĪ
ѻˣһۼĿѣһڣһĺӱ˹СǸҲŤŤߡ棡̣ѡ
ããѾˣǳԷˣһ档
ЦŴ򷢵ӣ֯ͬһƣѡ
ЩȻֵ㶮£֪֯岻ãֻ̫֣֯ſ档Ȼ岻ۣȴƣ֪СôʢĶ
ЦŹ֪֯һǲóӦСġȻ֯Լ£ֻӣµ̬ȣȴҲܲµ߰˷֡ĻضƽԵ
ȻϢȥ
Ѿˡ֯Ĵæ㻹Բͣ´λǵһ붫ɩӰæ
ãٷѣͷ˼ҡ΢΢˶٣ʵʵ˵ңķѳԡ
ϵЦݽס
֯û˵˵ֱӣ
ôûоʲôϵѾܸˣƶκ鶼ΪϲʲôסǷǲİɡ
΢΢ͷСԼİѡˣһֲɽմңЦºͣϿңò忡ƺһͨĴ޲ͬȴ˺ȻĶ֮С
ûʹʹԼˣûйȥ
֯һȥ㶫ҪҪȥߣ
û̻ӦȻгŵĴ㣬ҲûʲôܾɡΪӦóȥߣôȥɡ
á
ѱǳǳЦȥ꣬һγ֯գ΢΢˶٣̶̻¾ҲԸˣ֮£ķûԡ
Ȼ뵽ɽҩڼ󷹡龰еЩͨͨӵСޡǷ񣬾
ֻ֪֯ãǷһصԼ
ҹ֯˯Է̣мֻһӡǵǵһ˼֯Ը⣬ǲǽԺ֯һȥȻһʱ֮֯Щɶ˵һСޡһӣƺ٣ڽС
.
ڶһ磬ѱʰ׵֯һ¾ΣȽŻЩ㣬·ʱ㿴ǰסЦÿ컹Ӧ΢һߵģڿ·ԶѾ׼ţȽߡ
ſţͬİ·кֵܣŰ
ǣȥϡ
ŶϱѾܳˣ
ǡ
֯Ҳ֪˽ǵޣʱȷͱȽúáᵽԼתԵͷ˸񡣰ȴһӿ˺ʱĿɿڴ΢졣
ѿľͷ˵İ磬ŷԼֻ֯һˣȻǸˡ񵽵ģһȻڽҲеˣοСӡ
ֻװδʲô쳣԰ЦЦ֯˳
ѵϱǸŮƵºܿᴫ
㻹ٳ߶ˡ
ţʲô
ûʲôˡ

3-4


ҩ˴ҩģҩ̵ƹܵİҩķŵϣԵ֯ҲһѣλǹˣѾûд˰ɣ
֯ͷӦǣлƹǹҡȻӵеǲȱġ
ѺøѹֶԷô
ʹû˵úҲ˼ѺȻЦЦﰵӦüһô۵Ů˲Ŷԡ飬еѡô
֯úóϵҩģƹ̬ܵȡΪˣĶҩġЩҩѰ˼СƹܲôĽ֪ƾÿոҩǵǮһ㣬ҩһ棬̵ϡӽҽϴѵƱƻҲ꣬ȴÿɽҩҩһССҩʦѣǸֵˡ
֯ʲô
ûǽȥĶ
ȥ伯УﻹЩƷҪҲ뿴ŮϲСɡ
֯ģûӦֻΰţȥ
ⲻǰѴ磬ϣѾ𣿡һԿջſڵСǣЦŴкӦǰлСƹ̸Ҳͷ԰ѵ˵ͷ
֯ƳһֵۣĿȥôˣ
Ըϻ㲻ʶ𣿡
ͷЦЦôţֻǳϣұϤˡСģҸմϣסıҿջʱ˼˲鷳ԼӡȽɡ
һ˵֯Ҳеӡ
ǣĲò˵ȻǺô׺
ǶڼϣԲͷˡ
ֻаһȻ˻ͷҲǸˣһ˾ɫѰĴֲѣһƽ磬Ҳһͬ˿ʲôͬ
Ҫ֯ҲõǰûҪԼҲȥѹǣʹ¾ΣȻǸƯ˿ĿתŮӡ
ϣʶѵģʶѵģ´ӽ쿪ʼӡ̵ļǵôҩʦһŮƵϱ
ǲˣ
ǣѵҪ˶Ұ֯ʵ˲֣
֯ԡѳͨһô
仰κĪģҲԱô
֯ȴֻӦԡ
ҺáͲҰ֯ʵˡ
֯ĿЩʣǼȻڸһӦ˽һǵ
ѣǲڶʲôˣ
ǡǸˡ
ȻΪξңǸԼӸͣ˽ţŰѣƺ⣬ֻ԰աҲϲ˲ϧڿ־ʱ򣬾ƫƫҪȻ㡪Һ뿴ǸŮӣЦǸʲôģ
֯΢΢ס֪λش𡭡ȷǸʱôҲںȴǲлġӦлֻǡûа취Цȴ֪Ҫ㡰ġЦ
۲ۣҵطϢɣĽŲ̫á
߽һҾƹݣſڣӭһɤŵƹＸ׳ʵĽΧһϰžƲˣ޹֮˿˼˵ĸ̸ۡСϣۣǷǣĽȥ
֯ĽŲ΢΢˶٣䲻£ҲϲЩçȻѲδ⣬ֻֽ˽ʾûйϵ߽δǼ˷ϡ
ǿ֪ڤˮһΪЦ龹ȻԼˣ˴ⱱڤǸĺѪ
һ˵Цºպġ¡ҲѾߣһ˵ħһλӣʹ˿
ʲôڤѾ伣һأ޷װһϸ¡
ݣҪˡ
֯ǵĻ΢΢һ͡
ڤˮ鿣¥û뵽ĵطȻҲܹ֡Ͽû˲֪طǼѾΪڰϵꡣ
ȻһУȴƺѾ̫ңԶ
ǰ·ֳܹȷѪһĻĻȴδ뵽ҲһգΪһ뽭޹صˣĮȻһС
ǵģһˣӴڽ޸ɡ
֯ôˣ
֯ҡͷֻԼеˡ
һԵϣ˵˵űȻһ˶ǰҲ˲á
ιʲôء˳ĿŤͷȥڴߵŮӣȴҲȥ
ӯӯ죬
˿һ»ѵŮҲ˼ɣȻ̰Ŀ⣬ȴδض֡ȻģһֲȹŮӣݱ΢ȴݲеĻˮաһŮӣҲű˷
˶һۣ㳹׺ԵŮǸºʵˣվ˹ȥ
Ļ
һվʼ֯Ѿˡа̾ΪʲôһЩˣһЩ£
ֻǣȴûʱԽЩ鷳ӡȻǲ𣬱ֻܶ㿪ѣ߰ɡ
ϢôѺȻ߽ļˣҲһֻۣ΢Ц֯
֪֯Ѿжٱʱ˿̣ǳٶۣǲºͶϿҵ޷塣ֻǵͷһ²һ£Ű뿪
δ뿪Ѿסȥ·
λСӣǹȴҴҵ߿Īǰֵܵ˲ǻ
֯üëҲһ
Ѻڲſ⼸ˣȴ΢ЦЦλ
ʱһŭ𵶣ûȿŭȣֻǰһ˲ڵϣز
ֻһʱûʲô֪ô˿˳ˡȻ»Է֯߳ƹݡ
˷Ӧǰͨͨʵ֮ݵ˱𺦣׷׳˶࣬ӵ
Сӣߣ
ѷſ֯һû˿ʲôھƹǰӱȻ׳ѹ档ƹϰǲ֪룬ǰƱԲסˡ˵Щ󺺻ûдӵ֯첽ȥ
ƹϰֻǿһƱסˡЩǮֹ޸ӣľƹݣҲˡ̧ͷϣﻹǶС޵Ӱӣ
ӷƹ֮ʱ֯ڿ˿尢ʲôҲ塣Ⱥƣһֻ־Ƶǰˣһӡֻٶ̫죬ֵֶ˸еֻǰһʽ򵥣׸һ㻨ȭȵ书һʵõĹ򡭡ֻǣ֯޷ǰӺһϵһ
ѷ֯ɡֻֿһϣȴǽ֯ŲմصıšҲоѵĲͨɣֻǲף˼գΪθһͨա
û취ȥˡ㹻ԶѲͣ½ţ֯źЦЦҺãЩ˲ϵģֻ·ӦòȻؼȥɣҲġȹЩЩˣٴˡ
ѿɣΪ˹зЩţйҩֻ̣ȥˣؼұǡ
֯鷳ԭЩǸ⣬ƺȫȻϣ̸ЦȻƺԼЦݺһ㽫֯ܰΧӴûȷѪ꣬ҲûйȥȻΪʲôһˣԶһ޹ôãζԱ˺ãڱ˶ĺã֪ͬӦԡ
Ѹţź߳ɽɽ裬ɵ֯ŷ֮һ㣬˵Уʵˣ治
˼Σûץеȴᡣȥ֯ͳƣ͵͵ģĹ峿ѵϻһĨЦݣŵԼ֯Գ
ɽΧʮˮ칲ԶϷ˫졣
ؽ̡˲ϣ
һЦ顣
βȥ顣
ʮע顣
ϧ˷
ԶƵ泵ͷȥЦ֯Ҿ֪㻹С
һ仰ǣһ֮Ĭرܵ⡣
֪Ϊ˵ǡضܹóŮӣ̣书ϱڻҰμ򵥵ˣҲۣᳪѰСȷϡ档
֪ϣҲûжŮӶãõĶŮӻģᣬ̻Ůӣҹ㣬ѾŮѰ͸Ķܶ࣬Ҫеʱȥѧϰȥ£ȥҴûʱȥȥ򷢡ǣȻܿա֪ʲôġ
ʹڸ˹ȥڡѾȥԼڡ£ȴ֪Լʲô֡޴ɹĵį֪Լܹ氢ѶáһգȬ֮󣬰ѻȥָȥ
ӿȺɽɽ⺣Ρ
ԭδǣĻ⡣շҳ
Īгʹ͡
һ޷ζ
ѻЦݣ΢΢ͷĳ
ĸ裬ס
ȴԭȻǳʱǸ۾տżŮӡ

5-6


ˣһߺ֯һعҡһʣ˸е΢΢
ţ֯ЦֻðڼˣһҪɽҩ˾ͽжҺɡ
֯ɫ΢䣬ǲƣЩӾ͡
ѿɫ͵͵ĹţȻͲ
ڶһ簢ѱһɽȥֻ֯ڼҶУơŵȷֹǰѡɩӼһڼңѾȰѰУ˺ˡԭ̳ȺְСܲͷҲȻûǰѵǰԺɹɹ̫桱˵ġ
Ժ￴ǰЩֺĺӣУЦԶ֪ۡẢӡСֿµĶ
֪ԭСųġ
ӣӣɩͻȻЩŵĸϹվӦɩӣô
ӣ˵ׯڵͰֵܣЩŵɷˣѾˣɡ
ׯ
ϵĴ𣬼Ҳᣬׯϻ˺öĽˣ˵ģǳģҲڼңɽȥҰֵܡ
֯һ٣ɫȻĳ
߲ȥˡ
ʲô
ɩӻûʳڣǰԺѾ
ɩӽ֯˵Ƚݣȥ
֯ŴŵķĬƬ̣ȴȥ
ǡ
ǼΪģˣ㲻װݡ
Ҫٵȵȣһû׼Ѻ˾ͻˡ
֯ҡҡͷûǸʱġЩ˻ŶŶ룬ȥ
ɩӣǽȥ
֯ͷҺĲǴ֡ļȻǽˣ㻹ܶһġ
ׯܻԺʲôҪʲôҲҪе˶ǵȴšǺӥүӥΪϹһֻۡ˭ҲСһֻۣȴֻۿö壬׼
ҲڽйССֻǺϹһֻۣ˳˸Ժ
ϣûʲô¿ɷǾ죬ׯϵļλͣȴڽϱ˴ˡȻΪһʱϷ˱˼ҵϱȴܲܵġϾǻׯϵĿˣҲ֪ϺʱֹȻܹ˵⼸λѡ
£ô׾㡣
ȴŰȴӦѾ˲ͷ¿СϣԷӵ̫٣ЩͲסһ
ӥүֱӴȥ
δ䣬֨ѽһѾˡ
һ˲䣬ӥүֻеһ޵ɱ͸ɱȷǿҲǼ񣬵Ǵ⣬䣬һ˲·嶼סͻȻˣȻ޷ȷ֪⾿ʲôоҲĪĺëֱ
ָоת˲ţѾȫ򿪣߳ˣȴЩԼ۾
һŮӣһᡢòĵŮӡ峿һƱϵһӰüۣ飬˼ΪֻǸþŮ߳ſվ̧ͷȴ˪Ȼ޾壬ֲַĸо
֪λţν£
ʣϲޱ飬ʱעⲻƽ帾װ磬Ϊû˿԰һŮӵƽĴ帾
Ҫסǣмɵ׶ֻ֡Ҫܹϵһʱѻ㡣
Щ˴˿ڷӦȻŪ巽ŵĸоΪΣּһŮӣʱ
£㲻ҵׯϵĹͣƹǣׯδ棿Ǹ˽г
ڲڼУʵǸˡ֯ȴģѾЩ˵ԳЩ
˲ڣ͸ߣһֱҪȥץ֯ȴʱһȣס֣Եһ㶣ڵģȻӥү
ӥүǰԶÿĿ֯Դɳɵƶȴǲᱡ벻ⱲӾȻмһ졣
̧ۣ֯ӹȥ޶ԣȻ˿ûӡ
ӥүҲΪŭƤЦⲻЦصħһȱ¹ȻǲǵСɡֻȴ޷ǣֻ۾ôϹġ
֯΢ƺ˵ϣƺڿܾǰ¡
ħһڤ¡£ĸˡڤˮߵĸˮ¡¡¡ȱ¡ȱ֣ƺѾܾò𡭡
ӥүһ绽ֻڼУҲԼ޹صȷѪ硭
û뵽ȱ¹ﾹȻӴ˵أð
ԱеѾȱ¡ˣôҲǰ˾Ȼǽеġħһ֮һҲв֪飬̲ĵؼӥүѵǾô
ұ죡˭ٸҶ˵һ䣬Ժͱǰ֣ӥүŭһݺݵذѿ֮˵ɻȥЩҪĶھǣڤȱ¡ֻҪ룬еˣһŻȥ
ǣǰġȱ¡Ȼ֪˿ȱѾ书ϣһͨҲ磬һֻˮͰҲ޷ȱ»Īĳһһˡǲڤ֮õһӹӰա
һȭǣ

ȱ²Щȥͷ԰תСԺ
ֱԺŹرգһȱ£һûеʶŮӣԣʹЩ׾ˣ¡ǣҲǸ֪ߵغˡֻ֯ʲôҲʲôҲԱҲûС
Ҫȱ֣ΪԼҪˡȴԭȻӰΡ
ӣûˣˣ⵽סɩӽס˿ڣȱ²ûԳֻͣǵģݼžȴĪľʲڡ
ɩӣЩˣȻˡ
ãҲվ죬ٲϢȸʹˡҲˣѵ԰ɡ
ȱûоܾĺ⣬ͷ˷䡣
ҲˡȻһʱЩȥȻϸ¡һ֪˵飬Щ˻ġ
ֻ֪ѻ᲻Ըһߡ
뿪㲻ٸǸ鷳뿪ֻشȴ֪ȥ
֯ѴҴҽţȱ£ΧһȦȷû첲Ҳûȱȣû¾ͺãҵĴû뵽ǻׯйأǵÿЩߣԽԽáȻѾӶɩ˵ʱ飬תȥʰСת۱㽫ҪĶʰ׵¿п޵ģͳͳҪȱ¼ҪеŪȻת˲ȻѾʲôˡ
ʰ׵תȥҽһ£صø鷳ܸЩ뿪˵áߡҪ⳥Щġһߡ
ǽߡȱ˵˿ɣѿһۣͷáһȥҪ·ţǲеˡ
֪Լʱȱ򷢵ЩˣǼȻΪӦߣôȻûġ
ֻڴȷǲס
ʱԼȥţƥǿƥǧĺʱҲۣȻﵽʱÿϧ
ֻҪǾ뿪Ӧòʲô鷳ȱ±ԺֻȰߡŰʰİ򵥣ÿղȱҩʱ磬Ҫߣ׸Ķãպǡ
Ȼѻûл鷳Ѿ˹
ŴűֱײЩȥⲻƣֻжӥǰ˼û¶档
ȱµתѻסûʲôɾ塣
Ů˵װﶼƭˡΪǼһҿûǱ£ȱµǶѾ˳˵ɱˣֶûܣȱڽϴ棬ҲѪ֮ʲô£
϶һȱµαװȻ޷ȥȻȱȴһ˿ţֻмôûǱ¡ôգھƹˣ
һ㶣ΪʵΪȱȻȻ̬վԥţ֪òó֡
ȱҪģҲǵԥɡֻҪܹϵһʱ䣬ӡ
վ˷Ӧ˵˵ӦӣŮȴû֣Ǳ£ôˣһ𣿣
Ҳ׷׸ͣĳҪȱ±
ԹԸǻȥܵˣ
Ǹأһ˿һȫʬ
ȱ̾ۡΪʲôֻǹ찲ӣϾôأ
·Ӧ뷨⴫ͬһ̾Ϣֻ찲ӣôϾôأѳڵĽе˩ǰϡԭֻ밲뿪ˣôҲ𣿡̾ôһ˲µ˵ȷЩԥȻȱˣ˼Ȼȱһ𣬻᲻ҲǸǵ
ȻˣվǲײĲġ԰Ǹ׺ģʵ֮ġ
ߣǿٰŮĴȥ
ͬʱǰȻһȻû˿巢ʲôǰһеĵѾ˰Уŵֻûջ׹һֻöһһϡУȻһֻѪܵĶ䣡
еѾסɵɵĶסԼеĶ䡪һз̫죬Ӧ
Ѫȵζð΢΢üˣҲɱˣ¹˾ˣ·˵һֻУԽ߽ȥ
ֱʱҶֵĽͻȻ˷׷Ķӡ
֯ǿߣ˸͸߲ˡϣĽϣٷȱϳһǳɺ顣
ҵķѾ￴Ḷ́ƺŵԥŸòóûеѾŶšѰѡ˹
ȥĶ
Ҫô
ʹ㲻ô
Ժô
ߡ
ǳЦĺǵͷ̧ͷҷѾ˳ΪԼŵԥԵΡվǴӵĴˣӦģЩȴڵġ
ֵܡ
磬ɩӣԲסˣǸ鷳ǿܡǻǾ߰ɣׯ˼ǣǵ鷳ӣѾ㹻ǰᵽȥСˡǷǷȱҲӳ̽ͷǵͷǵﳤȥ
ѡ
ѡ
ԶԶģƺȻܹСܲͷǲĺ
.
ȱ⻹ǵһȫÿһڵʹȻûпԹһҲûжʻ֪ȻʹģҲ֪὿£ֻĬĬ͡ĵһ죬֪ˡֻǾԼŬڵĵ·ʻƽЩЩ
СģϵŮҲǶõģ˲ҪκζĻһҹ·
ʱ·ϻ˳ֳȥЩԵĺ·һ·
ֱڶĳͣԳȱµѳϵװøңҲŮװˡ
ȱ½·ݸԼڳﻻĶҽ񣬰ѵȷͨ족ֱۣȻһֻˮͰҲ᲻֣ȻֻǽһҲҪܾá
Ѳֻڳĵȡ
·Żļʻڡ

7-8

߻
ͣȣѰһҿջԳȱ˵סϢɡ
ڳ׼ȥһıˮ̵Ůӣ¶һЦݡϣ֯ȷһɫŮӣ侲ӫ⣬ģ֪Ϊҫۣȴ˵ߡ䣬Ȼ˳ʱˮ˾ˮʣȻȻãȴ
ΩŮӲģʤκһߺƤҡ
֣׼סȱµʱȴһ˲΢١
ˣǰѣ
ȱ½ַŽУĿȴԾͣϡѣǸˡºͳϿң֮ףǵģһЩɢȴǣǸƽˣֲ£Ӹ죬ƽһǸɽˡ
Ǵ˿ǰˣɫ׿ͷͷɢ˳ߴ޵ЦݣУȴġȲˮᣬҲᡣֻģůůģ紺ů⣬Щɢȴ̰
һˣҲһ忡ӣ˭˵ɽ˵ģ
ȱµߣţ߽ջ
Ҫ䣬óϵҩԸСȥ塣
ȲСׯǱ㲻üԡޡʾˡݷţŮЭΣҲʲô˲õ顣
ȱ͵ſڣȺúϢ㡣Сҩ͵㷿䣬Ҿڸڣ±ҡ
ȱͷתȥ˵ʲôо
ڴʱҪʱʱչˣͬסһݲӣȴҲల£ϰߡ뿪С壬ص䣬ĪСİѣƺϤ
Щϰߣȥ⡣
ȥʮѾϰԷʽʹٴı䶯ǰҲֻǵȥӦ¶Լ
ת뷿Уѡģˮ׼ĸߵĿջĿͷֺ辫¡߹һͭǰ΢΢פ㣬˸ߵͭӳģһüĿ续ŮӡȺƮȻ졪ɫǰѡɫ꾡ĳʣþŮξáȻ˭뵽һȹ֮£һͷ˫֣Ͼ˺۵һü
ʱСҩЩҩպȵģذҪҩҲ׼ԼһҲǲܡǰһû¶棬ȥЩʲôȱ²֪Ҳȥ̽
ֻҪ֪Ѳȥﶼ˱ظϢȻǰĻʲôϵ
ϵģڶһ磬ѱȥҩ͵
֯һ£ǽĴȥߡﲻƫƧС򣬿㸻һҲ³˸ʲôϡһȥ⣬Ȼ鷳ҲЩȱ¶ߣʵǾãȱµ̬ԼڷкܴĹϵ
ȱ˵ʵϲ˶ĵطԸһҵطĴţʲôʱʲôҲȴϰֵĵطǣ˵ֻҪϺúϣаսҽΡȻӦǰһֱܾľڸҽΣҲûоܾӦʲôǰѰţȥûʲô顣
ֲ㣬ֻ˼򵥵ķʽ緹ȹҩŰѳš
ѵɢɢģ羰Ǿźһ羰ĵطߣȱ£һĶֻ·
Ͻ磬ԶϴһпͬİãңȱϤģȻĪģСЩҲİӡ
ǰ羰
УС֣Ļͷ羰ģʱΣ
飬˵㲻ͺˣ
ȱ»ûüش𣬾һ΢΢ȵĽ﹫ӣ
ȱ¸еİ΢΢һ٣תͷȥֻһڿĻ֮ϣһλɴѣĶĿŮӾ㵵վڴͷ尢ѣת˲ϲ
﹫ӣȻ㣡
δͣףҴߵǰ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮󣬰ѾָЦݣֻЦůȴȻʧ
Ƚ
Ƚˡ̻֮֮Ϊ٣ݺڶ࣬ȽȴŵǰʮȱȻҲ˵ġȽ鼸ᣬǸԡ˵ϲ֮ģįǱˣֻڰϣȫȱµĴڡ
ȱֻţ﹫ӡȻҲ֪֣Ȼı
﹫ӡǵȽ
ôءǡôȻû뵽Ƚ˵룬κθԼĹȥйصˣʶԼˡ
ҡˮľӣպͼһκ벻ʧЦЦһЦȴĪһֱûǺ﹫࣬еӣΪΣǰͻȻ𡭡֮ǰһֱڵȡŻһ졭
ȽѾǹȥǸ﹫ӡ㻽Ұѱáǽҵ顭Ҫκ𣬺ô
Ҳס
ֻҰ㡣
ã֪ˣҲκ˵
ȱֻǾվһߵˣȽǰѹȥĺ֪Ǳʲô԰⸱òʱ˵ϡ档һ䡭ࡱֻĸ֣ôԭǶɵôһڴУȴŵɽ衭һͨɵˣˡǲװİա
ѣж֪ģ
ڰ˻
֯ǲˣ
ע⵽ɫʵȽʱſվڰŮӣȱµʱ΢΢Ķݡ
﹫ӡ
Ƚ˵Ұѡ֯Ǻͬеˡ
ȱ¶ȽףЦݣȴɫ塣
ӿȱµĵһۣ֪ԼŮӣرȽǷ糾ŮӣӲԱ̾յһжԼŬģܹ˵ǰʮԼòԸǣǰ̵Ůӣһۿȥ֪õҽҪ˫۾·ǧ쳾ҲȾ˿ɫ
һŮӣܱȣ
Ƚ֯屧ǲ̫ܳãҵôȥϢˡ
﹫ӣڻ磬һҪ
ûӦУǳЦһ£ûб£һῼǡ
һҪҵģ
ȽЩĿŰѷȱȥ
ʵȽȱжšܹΪˣȻѰӹ׵ķ糾Ůӡò黹ǲգˣ಻Ϊġѡʱá񣬰ֻͬȥйصһСȽˣ˶ӣ̫ӽⱻ˷ĴڡȽֻܱǸ
˿ջȴûлطֻȱͽͻȻڽʱúϢҴȥһõطȱ˵ʲôҴҳ˷䣬֪ܵȥˡ
æЩʲô
һ㣬緹֪ˡ
ܳȥİ緹ʱȱһڷùͣСһȱһš˺ܾãƺǽڳǽͣ¡
ѵʼǴЦģȱ·ˮ«έԴԣһҶСۿڰߡ٣еѡ
ȥתȱ֣
Լֵݹȥвɻ
Ҫʲô
Ȼº͵ĶЦ˴£Сۻ밶ߡ
֯һֱԱ˴Ƿڽˡվվˮ֮У΢Цתͷ˵ȱ²ףֻ΢΢ɻĿСۻģôߣôůůģڴͷЦʵǿԸ˽Էһ㡣޹ǵĹȥݣֻ˽˴ˡ
Ǿһ·ԭΪѯʹ࣬˽࣬ԶദҪһеദʽȻȽͻȻ֣ȱڵ޶֮Уȴһ˿ײ
ȷǾͨɵģƲϲݵһȴ˱øáһŵɽ裬ȷǹġûصҪȱ£㽫һˣҲǰȻ΢ЦΪһȻܹ˽ġ
ǣ²˵ȱʱһ˲ĳɣƾĶۣȱµľʶ˵һЩȴȫ˽£ȻῪĵİɡ
ЦţԵĵӣѾˣҵĵҲǺܲģٵѺ࣬ۺϣ⡪Ҳ£٣ضĸһɫ
Ц㡪ٵѺ࣬ۺϡԼ֪صˣȴΪȥȽ˵[ּ࣬]ģǲеοΪ˵ĸܡֻǣֻǸ⡪
ѣƺǣҵ֡ǲܵٵġ
Եġָ֣֪ڻûǲܣұ㲻ûйϵһ㡣
ܾܾİѣǳЦİѣ޷ܾ
֣Եô
˵ԡôʲôɲŰء
ûپָܾңָ֮ĸокú̸֮ͬżΪָĲԱߵңȻŬרעȥʼ΢ЦĿţЦĲǹġģˣȻȻļȶˣȻȻ׾ӣȴ˺ܶࡣ
ʱŽѴյߣȱ»Ĭںϡ
֪ʱȱ½ָͣʼղܵóãǵ
һһҶۣһڼһṳ侣걣겨еɡ
ȱ¾Ŷİѣһյ龰һյϣе忡ӣմһǡ
գŵɽ裬Ȼװġѵȱڣȴ֪ôشãȻЦЦǡϾɽ裬ǰû
ͨɵˣֻһӣᳪţȱȴҲգƳһۣҴֻ֪ȥҿڰˡ
һЦֻҪȱܹ˼Ѿˡ
¼žֻˮȡôԶɫôȻѿȱͻȻʣ֯ʲôʱ򣬲ſ϶Цأ

9-10

ھŻ
֯ʲôʱ򣬲ſ϶Цأ
˻һȱµɫȴãȻ
Ҳǲǵã˵ʱҪǸŮӣЦģƾľչ˵΢飬Ҫ߳ȥӰչ¶Цա
ѾȴȥġȴˣˣȴȻ޷ֻЦһЦ
ѵָָϣ֯һֱúܲô
ȱµЩ⣬ҡͷûСûʲôġֻҷڵ£ÿ죬кܶѵܶ񡭡ֻһһȥûп벻ġ˵赭дȴ޷Ϊ
ǣǸʱ򣬾ѾЦˡ
ЦǴǴش֮ʼһˣʲôĴˣжʹֻҪţֻҪϣһȴȥվһֱôţڴԡʰЦաһ졣ǣֲġ
ǲЦǲЦһЦˣһһϦˣҪõ£ĥԼĹȥģҪβ
ȱϿҶֵǵ۾Ŀƺһħ˲Ծط½䱸Ҫȥ׽
δȥԼĹȥһĮڤˮÿһ˶ԼķʽŬȥӦˮ鿵ǵã˵ڤÿһ˶ǷӡЦǸڣ˵ĳɳŤ⻰Ȼ޷ȫ⣬ǣ˵Ҳûˮĺֻ֣һԼĸ飬纮ˮ£ģ㽥Ť¡ʣµġֻܱ̭
ѾϰˣԾûзԭѾΪļ
ĻУǰûʲôҪء
һ˵Сʱ޷úõһСӣ˱޷һˡҵĺᣬӺСˣԵľѧգÿһ춼Ѿ滮ãŵҲǸʱҾѾԣԣڼ֮²ڣΩӦӣڼѾϰߡһ죬ûмңҸǴҵһ̣ȥңѾˣʮļѾˡͻȻ䱻ųȴʴӡҲ֪ȥʲôЩҹȥûģҲ֪ԭɡôãȻҲúܲɡ
ҶѵĿͣȴᶨҶ
һֱֻǸùԶĽ˵õӲв̤ĺ⣬жܣȴ顣ֵģһ춪ҲΪȻһԹԭŮӣԺõۡ
˵ãһգȴãȻɽ֮ʱĿģνȥΪ֪ȥֱ
֯ǴڿʼɡһʲôȤ飬һȥʲôĵطһȥ䡣ôеʱ䣬ȥ¡
湹ĻůƶЦݣһڣܹ˵ʲôء
ǣѣ˹ȥңܹһֱƽȥӥүȽ̫һ֪ҵݡǻܹ˰Ȼദ
Ҳǵܹµģֻһշۺϵ龰
һһҶۣһڼһṳ侣걣겨еɡ
ⶼֻǣõζѡ
ʱȱ»س̣ҲʮȱΪͻȻҲԼҲõġûж˵ʲôȱʱҲǰģ໰ǽȴʱͬ
Ѻȥʲôݣʲô⣬ںģֻһϢ֪ȴް־ֵŮӡһ̣Ѹ֪ŮӲǸѰա
صջȱ»Ҫһ˾һ£ûнķ䡣ֻ뿪ʱȱڵʵȥ𣿡
һ£ʶ˵Ƚ¡
ᡣȻе㱧Ǹǡ̫֪Ӧô˵Һȱʱͷû˵ȥ֪һ׵ġ
ĴһˣϢɡʱһԣ˳㻻ҩ
Ҫȥʱջ֮Ľȴһɧƺھ֮У˺һѪޣ
ȱºͰѾһ٣ջķ򡪡
Ѫޡ
û˻᲻֪ѪޣҲû˻᲻֪Ѫޡǽصɱ֣û֪һ˻һ֯ǴഫһɴУѪ֮Ѿꡣû֪Ϊ˭ɱˣͬû֪ܹԼɱˡ
ֻ֪Ѫޣֻ֪һ׮һ׮Ѫֶһ֤һɱ֣ǣΪ˭ãЩΪζɱ
Ȼԩͷծʱ򲢲ҳɱ֮˵ĳңǣҵˣҲ޷˵ϵѪޣѪǸʲôˣʲô֯
޷˵иָ
ֻ˲֪û֪˴ڡȱʱãġڤˮ鿵Ц֪ЩʲôġֻǸĪ׽˴ֻа΢ЦŽţ¶顣
ԣһȱҲ΢΢ݣȥһУҪƽʱѪȴ˽ĵط
ʮ
Ѫޡֵʱŵ㵵ģǺܿǾ㵱ʧƺûʲô˼һУǣθɣ
ֻתͷȱ˵طɡ
ȱ˼ЩٹΪ
ȱ¹˷ţԥûӦôһ£ͷԵײʲô顣
ߵջſڣƹƹ̾һţһ˼ҡţڽǸԺģҲ֪ʲôˣȫ¶ʮڣɱ˸ɸɾһҲû¡ٸ˸ոȥˣ˵ʲôѪɱѪ޸ɵģƹ˵ʲôûϸȥҪ˽ϢѾ˽ˣֻҪ½һЩ㷢ڽҲԼʲôϵ
лƹվڵſڳһ̣ٳȥΪɴƹ˳ȱ¼ҩȥˡ
ùȱ»ҩ飬ÿһοȱպתԼܹҽֿͼҪϲϡǰҲҽˣôûϲ˵ĳɾ͸ءϵĵһξˣΪκĿģûκ˼ȫȫ⣬ֻκ
ָоȥ붼û
ЩѾˣ߳ȱµķ䣬ȴСǰ
λӣ˷ҪСĽӡ
΢΢һݣţģ
ˮľӵСѾͷ
ѲŷȻĽǷţ˵һš
ֻ⣬ԭ֮ԼΪᵽ˽ֻһС۵ţΪмǼк;šĪȽʲô飬
֪òȥȥˣΪʲô
Ȼȥڣ˿ȽĵطֻѵϢҲȥȻ˿ȽѾǰѰܸȥһġ
ԭ˼֮ԼҲǿһϺء
߳ջˮľӶȥ
ҹˮľӣƻ𷱻ۻҡŨŨܣʹźԶҲŵͬΪ糾̻أȴͬﲢ¥Ժһŵء⡰ŵء֣ν͡ѳȽţСѾͷ˳Ƚķ䡣
ŨŨ޹㣬СˣһпֻڵһãѾһȻȽȴȻˡ˽Ƚѣ֪ŮӵĴϻۣ塭ֻ΢ЦȽŬװһƽģӭӣȴڲزס۵׵Ľǡ
ǳʲô£żʱ䣬ʲôʣ
﹫ӣȽߵߣѾͷСˣֱֻʣǶˣ¶֡
Ƚʲô£
﹫ӣȾң
𼱣˵ô£
Ƚؿһ⣬ȷûڣŶ԰ѵҲ֪ʲô飬һ˵̸Сүջ˵أĳѾͨɱ֣ҪĽӷ϶֡
˲䰢ѾѾµƣҪȥӷ磿
ǣҪ裬ȻСүơǡ
ᣬһ·ҪɱʲôˡСү۳벻ɣΪһСү֮Ůл·ô
ʲôʱ򣿡
պ󣡡
΢΢ü飬ѷ֮ڡ
ôôʹ˳ֲҪܣιܣһ֮޺಻뱩¶٣Ҫôȥ
Ƚ룬գҶ㡣
Ƚһŵ԰һ׼ؿջȻ߳Ƚķ䣬һŮ﹫ӡ
ת˽䱸
﹫ӡǵȷǹȥżڽ¶ʱ߳͵ĳƺƺȽ֪һֱֻԼ﹫ӡңҲΪ߱¡
ôŮˣǴӺ֪
ǣ
Ĵ㣬ⲻҪҪǣҪ﹫һ棬ѾȺʱˡ
ȻƽѽһдСүɱ㣬ᡭҪ˭Ѳô֪ӦԶȽģڡǱ˷١
λ[]볤һ˳ȥһ°תľƱ㻺
ܾòˡ
Ըһѵ㲻ϺãֻҲûŭֻǸеԷƺҲÿ׷ϻֻ˻ڵȥ
ѾҪˣαػ׷Ҳš
ⲻ˵ġ˵ȻҪִУ㣬͵ܹô
ô˵Ҳȥģֻƽӡ
ƽӣЦһ˫մѪȵ㣬ҲƽӣЦ˰ɣΪܹسɷ˵ʵɣϵ㲻ȥҪҲҪǿ㣬ǡһ
ʲô
ҪɱСү

11-12

ʮһ
ҪɱСү
ѿɲֱӻһ[]˰˳߶ˣֲȥΪʲôҪǰ£
£ѪȥˣҿյŲҰͦôشɱ£Ҳڻ¡
֪㲻ԸԸ޸ɡ˼ҪȥɲܾԲںԼ˵߻һλòŮӣҲôҪԸһŮӣеǰ취ʹ
üͷ΢ȵˣ
ȷǰ磬ȥ벻ȥûѡ
ãȥѾ뿪ûɰɱˣ
ô˼ǡ
꣡
˵͵͵ЦֹҲֹס
벻һգҲΪӱѰɱһ̸𱨳ˡ
˿ʲôɱǲԸҪʲôϡ棬ҪӣҪһ˳ԷǲӶġ
ãҪ٣
ʮ
ʨӴ󿪿ڰ
Ŀǻ׹ݵӸߴұɱ֡
ˣû뵽㲻뿪һʱգһˡ
뿪խӣ磬ҵԼ
ϸûж˵ʲôԻȥˣж֮ǰԻ֪ͨϸˡ
Ű뿪ıӰ˵ı仯ǰʼɡѵܹ˳뿪ʵȥʶһôһȻɣʱԽлءѵΪԼܵ
һҹγߡ
Ѻڴϣŷ񡪡±ø֯ǴϻºѲȻԲ
һֱȵӴȥȱµķš
˵ȥԼô֯˵ء
ڷţѾ򿪣ȱվڵһۿ飬֪лҪ˵һʱû˵ǣɴʵʵ˵֯е仯ҵȥһˮľӣ㡭һ𣿡Լ֪ΪʲôѿڶҲȥ飬ҲﲻæĲ𡭡ǣʹﲻæ֯ҲȻ˺ȡ
ȱ¿һۣӦá

Һһȥһ¡ʰ˼磬š
ѲĿһߵȱ¡Ը񡭡ǸɴϻҲޡҴϻۡеɫţŮˡ
ǲǼ񵽱ˣ
ˮľҹȫͬţﱾԡŴĶʿֻҹдٹˣһַ顣
ȽȻҲһҹδߣԳ㲣֬ˣ޷
˵ҹ֮ǰֻ취ûʲô֮ҲΪȻȻѾ֪ηҪɱүǡ󡱣ԼѾ˴ɱйءȻҪ취ȽһġȻҲϣһȴδع˵ȽСүڶ࣬Ǹ֣Ȼ˲ˣ
Ƚ̸δܻȱ¡
Ƚ书⣬һռӦûĶκ֪ʶԱԾȣ£Ƚõ
ѵûа취滻ˣ
ǣ˭ȥأ˭ȥЩҲӴѾԼϯҪԣ޼㹻ʤΡοѾͨˮľӵĵһ輿ΪС裬ң˭ܹȥ˶棬һЩٹ˿
΢΢üȷǸ⡣ȻСү֪ˮľӵһ輿ģϯкܶ൱صĴٹˣȴ᲻֪һ˶ûܡǡ
ܹԽȽ輿һԵȱͻȻڣԾȵĿһۣƺû뵽ῪڡСĽˮľӵĵһ輿Ҳ˵ν˭ֻҪ[һ]
ԡ˵ûҪҵһҵˣ
ҿԡȱȻĮĮϿһ˿飬ЩĿɿڴ˵ҿԴȽȥ
ȡȵȣ֯ѼæڵҲǲգ˻δȬȲ˵ܲ裬ǵʱôΣյĻһѰŮҪѾףοΪ˾Ƚȥʲô壿˼Ƚߣ޷˵ǣҪ֯ΣգԸʲôҲ
˵ҲãҲã˿е뷨ȴˡ
ֻһĻӦûйϵֻҪһЩʱֹʹҩ
֯㲻ء
ѣȥҲ԰㡣仰ð΢΢˶٣ȻѾ̸¶˼֪ˣҲϡң֪ԱȻЩѣٲĺȡ
ȱȻü۵ȴ˸еɡʹ֪һǿ˶٣᲻һˮͰǴ˿̣Ȼе˰ȵվߣʲôʲôΣգȻ˿ɿ
һЩӦðָоܾǡ
ӦˣԼҲסǱʶУҲϣ֯ǸеŮӡ
ʮ
ã֯ȥ㶨ҪСģһв취Ȼ˵ţȻ֪ˡΣʱܱԼôʲô⣬жҲҪ취֯
ǣû뵽Į֯ȻϰȽ
ɻװ׷ϣȱ¿ˣƺǿףĻһ񡪡ϰΪȽΪȽ
һ˲䰢ĺôҪȥȽȥɱСүô֯롭֪ûôףѾҵȻѾ˺ּܶԷϯ֮ǰߡ
Ҫ뿪õʱֻдɱ֮Ļҡ
ȻԴ֯ȥ̸һЩϸҪ̸֯ȻؿջȥȽϯҲ׼ֻҪһ磬뿪ˮľӣߵԽԶԽá
ɱ֮ˮľӱȻǣȱȥ㡪֪ܾΪ֪ˣҲ֪ڵ
ȻҹŮ갢ѵĻûж˵ʲôִǰѣȻƻɰƶϸڻҪɰѰšֻϸϸȱ£ԣǣҪұĸ輼գʲôʧҵ𡣡
תͷȥȱ£ͷû
ȻĲ£ҲֻôҲвòȥ顣ȱ£ϯ֮ǰһһϸڣҪҩСҲϣҪ¸鷳һκҿҲˡ
ȱȻûʲô䶯Ȼ۾ȴ·һº͵Ц⣬ޣþ
գȱ±ˮľʦ˴ĥϡ
һҪϿʲôʱ٣ȴЩԲ׼ȱ¾Ǻ
ŮӣӦõҺͽȴƫƫ糾֮غİлŻףνʿݵġҲΪͨһ裬㳹״ԭĵ̬ȡ
Ȼַģάֵʱ򣬱ٴδơȱˮľӵСѾͷȥջȡճõҩ㿴·һ˺ۣ
찡ʲôô˳壬ôȥ裿Ҫ֪һСүУѰҪźġ
ȱµһۣǸʱ򡣡
Ҳǡ
ô죿Ǵ£û취סϵ˰̡
ȱͣ٣ȷ輿·¶ֱۡһЩɷ羰˺ۣ¶
⡭ֻ·һЩ仯
̾ðɣҲֻЩˡһֿ̣Խ˵ֵزһŮӣҪļ˳μˣ
֯ȽƺлҪ˵ȴ֪˵Щʲô
㲻ض˵ʲôĲΪ㡣ҽǣڰﰢѶѡûиȽ˵ΪҪͰﰢѡȻģôΪһֱչŮǰѵľѡͰʶǰĵЩ΢ķ꣬⡭
ء
ϯ֮ת˲ȱΪ輿ȥֶƫȺڷҩѾ׵ʱʹѹֻ֣Ҫһ̣һû⡣
֯׼ûУˣ
ȱվ׺ŴӨ״飬еӳŹԡ
˱ۣѾһ飬ǰȥתתȱ֮ˮߣ欺Ц
Ŵǧ
ͺյ
ӰݺͶ ˺С
ɤݳþϣȴ¡
֫޹ߣ۲ˮЦȡƲ׵ĸ߹ӣתȴϣ˿߽˲㲶
ʹ˴
ʮ߾ ʫӵ Ʋüˮ
͸
˵Ͳ ƽμ
۾뿪ȻСүȴȻӰһˡϱһˡȻӰͦʹڳžƱ֮ʱȻϡ
ŭŴ鰮
ӵɽˮ ȴס
װȥ
תˮ
ļĸ ůһ
ҡžƱŨľƮɢƱ£ȵòࡣ
﹫ӣ䲻ڽ߶ȴǼʢΪʿһݣֻҪţʵ¡
ٱ򣬽ĶϸϸϤİ輿Ӳ֪ȱҲ欷ǣУЦĴˮǣȴ˿١ʶ˿ԼҲ޷ЦϿ˿
֯ЦҲЦףḡȻҪģαװЦ
״΢۾ȴ뿪СүСүΪȱµĳ΢ΪЦԳԣйܹܣԸ˼䣬ȱһϣ˴ȥ˺ԺѵĿУԳɱ

13-14

ʮ
ʱ䵽ˡ
ͻȻһƿն´̿ʹ˷ԾԺУֱԺлͬһʱ䰢ԾС
д̿ͣү
һʱ䵶⽣Ӱֵ򿿽СүɫӰȻӰͻȻǰߣһС
һ˲СͻȻһŮ̴Ů壬໮һѪֻ֣ֱࡣ
Ѹٳ齣ȻⵢƬ̹СүѾһĹΧͬʱĸֵٴܵγסѵȥ·ٽػͻƻԺ׷ȥ
Сүһ·Ժߵﶼǵ⽣Ӱҳһţĺɱ뻤Ǿһšŵɫ԰׵ײײٵĵطȥûͷûԵײһϣһ΢΢ľһ̣Ǹ˽еø
۰˭˭
СүСү
ȥȴǷϵ輿ѿʵô
СүСү˴ŮԺŮ֪ᾪСү
Զԣ㡪
СүĲ·һץסȱ£죬
ʱκ˿ЩˣҲ˵ȱ´ʱֻǸ޸֮輿οǸˣԼǵһεҪôСүȱԳ΢΢ãȻţ֪롣
ʱһɱִСƿնȱ¾һȥκһͨŮӶˡСүһ֪죬ۼɱеĵ¡ͻȻСүһߣɱеһʱѣѶסɱֺֻһͷѵ죬ɱֱ㵹˵ϡһвֻһ˲䷢飬ǻӴܵСүѾͬһһ㡣
ȱ¾ֵĺСүعͷɱһš
ɱ˲٣ɱȴûһⲻǿĻѡʹαװٵСã·ʱĲȴȱµ۾ԣʹֻǶˣȻѡαװֻҪαװ޷졣
һȱ£ת˲ɱ书뱩¶书ȻҪأŮţáһѳȱ£һץ֮£оȻûڹˡ
ȱ³УţֻҪ㰴˵ɱһ㹻飬ߴӴʳǡȻɱһ³
ǡǣŮ֪
˦ȱ£ڴ߲̽ҪתͷͻȻһ٣㵵ĵͷһѶذ׼ȷĴ߹Ǽ࡭ɴ۾ŵǰŮӣֽյݺݵһת
һѪذװγ罦һأ۾ϱա
ȱ²ȥսѪ΢˳ȥ
.
һմ̿ͻϮСүȫɱԾͨ̿͵﹫Ӵܣδܵ֡ȻСүȴԼУֲ
.
ʹ
ϵÿһǶʹǲҩڼʱʧȥЧ·ûǰһȱ֪ڵԼõġ
վסʲôˣ
һסȥ·æһүֻǽϯ輿ʲôģү
輿ϯе˶Ҫʣߣ
κζ鷢ѾûиȥӦۿǻֱҪץκ鷳ġֻۡ
һʱ֮ǿŪ㣬ȴˡٿһ̧֣Ƚź̷˳ȥںδֻҪѿẓ́Ȼٶȸǣͬʱź̵ĴҲӵ
˿̶ȻѾȻԲǰΣǣȱ֪˿̾ûзẓ́ԼºȻǸʱ򣬱Ȼ鷳ԣʹ֪˿̷ź̵ΣգȻҪô
һʶµˣô
ȱ»ġ
Сڤˮ鿣ȻܵĶϿѵһ㣬ȴˮطȫͬġǾͬţߵĻ顣ԷԼΣȻһ˵ʱȫֻţκνҵ뷨ȥˡͬߣһʱǿȫԼıи˵ġ
ôķ꣬ϰϰߵĮȴʧȥΣԡ
ǻһȱ·ẓ֪́Ҫץȱһ֣һƬɫĩʱǻ۾ҽһס۾һֻȴӵҿȱǿȥͻȻһʵһֻ֣һӵĵ
ģȻǿˡ
໤Ӳһѱȱ£˵˾䣬ץæɳԺǽ֮⡭
ѴɱòͣׯУѾ·İҲһӦ߱ȱ±˵ڻң֮˱סǿߡȻɱСүʱҺʮҪȸһ룬һ׬Ҳʣһˣ˭ɱɱСүѾģɱãɱˣ׬·ȱƽҪ
СүˡȱͻȻڣһסȱ¿˿ˣ
ǣˡ
ֿΣҿɲܾôˣȻͿˡأôǡ
ѡȱ²ΪֵȥðգǰֻǸһºƶЦݣģԼ˶ԷԼص㽻ʣµһ뱨꣬ǲΪʳԵңֻҪڰұаİǮġ㲻õġ
ô˵ȱ±㲻ٶ˵ʲôͷ
֯װΣ
пɡ
ͺãװ׵ȥˮľӸһҿջˣﶨ˷ҡҲҵμһȥĴѲ飬Ҳδ뵽ǻˮľӸҲһ֮㶩ʱ㻯
ν
ѿãհȥѰ㡣Сġ˵ƨɣƥȱ
ȱ»ͷȥȻվԶĿЦŶӻ֡
ֱȫ뿪ѵߣȷҲȱ²طҧĲӣȫʹҲ֧š
ʮĻ
˵Ĳǰο֮ԡȷֻҪǱʱʱӴڵаֻҪܹлðʧȥ٣ڵҰ֮£ô԰µ˽̶ȣǵƤӵĳ͡
磬ƱȺԼصİ˹Ѿ쵽Լʱ䣬ҪٴμƱȴеƱѾɣ
Сүɱʧȥټ֮Ѿϵһ㣬ʱû̫ȡǣȴһϢЩ⡣
Ǹװ輿Ůӡ
ôǸŮʲô⣿
ϳƺǲڤˮ鿵ȱ¡
ʲôȱôܺһܹȷ𣿡
ȫȷϡڤֻ֮кˮºͷʱڽ¶棬ºȱµòΪ֪˼ֻǰڤν֣ȱ£ָŮȱ¼Ϊơ
üͷôڤˮ鿳˹ϵ֪ͨ𣿡
δȷϣδͨ
ţʱȲҪϣ֮ͨ
ǡ
⾿ôһ¡ѶԲڤˮʹ㡭ɲҪʧ
.
ոչ磬ϵԵļ٣ֵ϶Ŵ̵Ϣһò˵ͨɽ˴һɫ̹ӣŶң߽һҿջ
ƹһλҹͶߵնεĿô
նεģǣһλȻֻǸ۵ɽˣݿ㣬ЦºͿ˲Ȼ֮ġ
鷳ƹѣԼģɷƹ·
⡭ãߡ
ƹ˰¥һͷţιӣһλҡ
ιӣһ֮䣬Ѿ򿪡΢΢ȻĿһϮµӡ˹üĿƽ͡óȱµģֻ䶯˿Ůӵ񣬷ַһӡ
лƹ񡣡ν˹氢л밢ѽݡϷţ΢΢Ĵ֪ȱ¸װҪΪվȱµֳͬȻҲݸ֣Ƕϸһ㱡ߣٸԻױɣȴû뵽ֻԼüĿȴԱһˡ
֯ģ
ȱµЦЦºͣ˲豭氢ѵ裬Ҽ輿ξͲӣ
ĬĬӹ裬۾Ȼûдȱƿ輿֮ʱûװİ磬ʩۣ֬ı仯ȫı䣬ͬˡһһУһһЦһǷ糾ŮӡڣԶòҡһһѹӡ
ȱ¼㣬ҲʲôӣǳЦҲûʲôϡ棬⻯ױ֮ԭһһ٣óΪʲôأѣ̫ƺѣ̫ңԶǸѵŮӡһһоĽ
áһʣҲֻһʿǡԭˮȻս̸࣬ͬӹʳͬһԭѾ˽á
˵ȻйعȥĿһֻۣ˵ʱ㻹Ҫαװģ
ȱֻǳЦϰˡҪ޷첢ףֻҪĴ磬ʹ˯ʱҲǽԼһˡˣѾϰߣѸĵ
ϰߡȴϰ߰ͬһİһ𡭡
֯Ĺȥ渴ӡ
黹˳ô
ãȻĶƱǱȻͨطһǰȥһ֪ͨ󣬱¶ǵ١
жԲߡ
תϵĲ豭ףֻƱȥӣ̾ߣպٰѽһˣȥһƱѾ˰ա
ǽδȥ
ȻȥȥĴ߹湻ˣѰطšʱҲѾƽϢٻҲǲġ
ţиͬ·˹ȻǺõģҺã֯

15-16

֮ǰǳųȺʱ򣬰ѵϰΪ֣ڶŰȴֲԸҹ·ƺ͵͵ƵжǶڰǰ߳ջȺгǡ
һλ¼ѹһºͿʿһ·˳ǣȻֻͬǳ͡
ݴСʮǣشɽ䣬ޡ
Уģˮ֮ƵġˮԽǡ
ԼõģһգҪһηۺϣͷˮɫ˼֡ˮз⣬
ۣˡµѹûѵָ֮·Ůɤᳪ
һ ջַ
һ ϵر
˫ ̤ȥ׷һ
 һȥ
˭ մȾ
˭ ȹ֮ˮ
þ ˫˫˼һǷ
һ ˮǧɽ
Ҹɽңңʮǧ
ҸڲԼ
Ե ɺ ҳΪֵ
ǿ  εĬ
ã֯νƺ벻ı֡裬ϷһƺѰͬȷǡ
ȱȻҲСȻΪѰҲܹһĸߡ˸߳벻ıδš
ȱ·ãǳЦѸ̧ˣǶȴ쾡µӣⶼҹȥĽ̡
λÿǸŮӡлᣬȻҪһģ
ȱµЦᣬǺѡ
ãƼ
һ 
һ 嵭ǷǷ
˫ ̤ǧɽˮ
ݲ Ҳ罻
˭ ΪҲ嵶
˭ ͷ
һ Ĵ˵ת۾顭
ͻȻһϣȱٴֻͣһҴ󴬻װվ˶ڿԴһֳԺˡ
ãСӼղţ
һλʮ͵ӳ޵ȱºͰѼ䳤òȻƽͣʳȻһ㲻մ˼糾ϵ˸Ժ̵粣ǸĿ紺ѵһ֪ˮԽǳְǶҲŤѵһҾлͣ
ʱһЦһλԼ߳ˬЦ϶ֶ꣬ǵһȤӣ֪ɷλд裬һͬκ;
˶һۣûʲôɡǱ˶У룬ΪβӦ
ˣл˼ҵ롣
Էϴ˴ȱϴλ˼Ц϶ַİ˳϶λˮԽ¥ĹĪȾ
ѺȱʩĪȾҡ
ˮԽɽˮˮԽУ˲֪¥˵¥ƲݵһַǶҲ˵ģˮԽĴССְУƲȴǿڱõһ
ѵַպ¥˹ͬκ֣þǼո߳λ˸ˣ֪γƺ
˲ҵ°ѣǶν
úãλ롣
ЦŽװ壬һȥĴŰϹƷһӦȫŸɢȴԵҡȻ֮ǰ
Ůò绨Цݺİ˵ǺŤ̬ϯҲ
ϯ֮Ȼ϶׼ɶ´һ裬λһָ̡
һӦ϶Ļվߵм䣬ʮġͣˮ۵ӣһ˫۾ڣẹ̈ģһЩϲ
ڰѺȱߵһλŮЦŵ˵ɣѾ̨Сһ
Ҳģһþʾף϶ε˼˱ݣԼˣԼ¥ʦһָ㡣ǷŮһֱеΪǽ˵ʱ衣ֵ¡ƺΪ˽⣬ӦȻҲͺڡȱȴǼδΪȥ񣬽Ӵٷ糾ˣǻ֣࣬Ѷ䲻沨ЦȴӲɺгЦտһȺˡƺȫУûаǿֲԸκˣǵĻУ·ҲȾ
ʮ
ȱ½ע⵽ƺһֱ϶ڷͬΪһ¥֮ĪȾȴֻǵЦżָ㼸䣬㺬Цۡ
ɵöעЩԼ¥֮ƺоɼЩѾ¶档
ǵȻЦӴЩ뵡ڰȻѽʮòȻó绪ԴеĵһĨʹӲ԰׵ɫ봽ɫҲڷˡ
ע⵽νڿֻ΢΢ǳЦԵһͷûκβڡ
λС磬֪ǵˮԽ棬Ҫ죿϶ˬʵЦ𣺡ֻĴ߿ûʲôĿĵء
ãѵԵλĲΪЩͣ͵϶ķСסҲúлٸλд裬Σ
Ȼʹ˼ˡ
ҷ˶֣λС͹⣬Ҳܸ˰˼ҾЦˬʣ˲̫Ť
ȱ´û뵽һջнˣߵ㵽СƺһҲȾǷȻ⡣
һκʵˣȻδСǻŰѺọֽ̇̄¥ģҲ跻ġ⴬ࡢֹݹΣϻ跻ڶռ˴롣δ϶ȥ¹һϼƣɴ¥Ҳһ跻Сס˷ء
ˮԽǵĹ㣬ַ¥Ҳʵѵһõǽ跻ϽݳΪУ¹ûСϢĵӣҲֻǵο¶ЦݣЦݳȰ꣬ȴһ˿뵭Ȼ
ˣȻǷȴ˿ӰɿƺԶᰲһߣԼµĺһĵĹ鴦ȱҲԾʱעѲ˲ԾҪҪȥĿϡ
صַŮǿĵ氢ȱ»¥˰סĽӴȱѾְ¥˽⡣
ְİ϶ˬʣ԰ẢΪݣһƬְ˸鿪ʣϷûûС϶ҲŹ¥֮ԲͬȻҲͬᣬл¹Ϊ𾴡¹Ϊ˿ֻӰ꣬΢ͺֵһֻǾ֣ƺֻҪԼҲοˡڸԵеĵλһĿȻ
ȻַطһӽôˣҲΪšȱνһӴ磬㱻ͬѰһհٺãһƬʺƲƮŴȥιۡ
ȱºͰۻҵı˳ȥѾ¥˵⣬һȥ档۵ģзȥġʺƲʡ һˣŲͬɫȹֱǣۡ졢ȡơ̡ϣŮӡǿְеλߵļƽ϶鶼ڴ㡣ǵ߲ȹӳԺеĻֻ̣ǰɫɷ׳ʣ¥״ȣʮۡ
ȱ²ǾַֹĴʲôãӣֻ˸ϲ¥ɫʻ͵ͳһװ
ɫŮӴӴϾԱкǱȽϤȻȻıȱºͰߡȱ֪ˮԽظ裬ȴδ뵽ַռ֮㣬ǰԺ̨ӡϯԺס᷿賡дƬĻ԰ӣһӣʱһĿ
ɫŮСңȱľɫȻЦɫϾܹȫľ£ҲῪ̨ϯҽŴδ֮磬ƼȣΣ
˻һҷ׷Ӧϣһһ飬㶨˸šԼһͷ׷ȥϢˡ
Сǻطʱ΢΢ɣѹӣιӡ
ţСҿɻʲô£΢ЦӦˣЦУСҿЦ΢΢һȴͻȻЩȻЦЦֻûʲôλЩϢǻеء
лСҹա
СЦЦ˳ȥ
ŷŹرգѺȱ¶һۣ˴ᡪСҷƺл˵ǣΪʲôֲ˵ˣ
ӦûʲôҪ顭
ЪϢɣ˯˯ϣҪ硣
ȱƺЩڣ˵˷ݵȻãǲʵһ㡭ĴûҲԼѣĺôһֱ֣
ѺЦˣϷʵ֯ѲҲǸµİɣûʲôȥУʱҲУߵ浽̫ࡣ
Ҳ󰢵⣬εЦЦȷȻõùͬһΣһһ죬񰢵㣬̫ࡣ

17-18

һ磬Сǣ΢ü۶ʼЦӣϲ
λѾˣɣϯ̨һͰںˣŴء
̨ӣΪλҪصش̨ ڶһ䣬СֻЦȥ˾֪ˡ
Ѻȱµִз֪ԭ֪˭͸Ϣȥ¥ְҪͬ罻輼գǼȽϴֹݱԾԾҲһţٹǶһͬǰˮԽ֮ؼȻиֻǲ٣ٹǳֻΪϿҲ˳¡ûΪٹĵʲôԽԽ֣̫಻òĳÿֹݡֻɳϯ
һ򵥵˽㱻¡ءȱ¸еͶ¶ƺ׵ȴֻЦЦûʲô°ɣšʲô취ˡ
ȱûκΣ̹Ȼ
йڣݵȻ¡صö࣬һ̨ıСҺɫȹ̧һ޴Ĺ̨ᵹСϸŮӣľǹ衣
ֻ˳㣬С˿ƶϣȺڡ
һģ¾һ׳ȫȥҲһ죬Ůȥÿһ̤ڹϾȻ𡣲֪˵мɣǶϰĽ
ӰڹԾ˿ɣǽСӰ𺳵Ĺںһ𣬾һǿҷСַͣգһʱȻٹǸ޲ڣİָ㡣
ȱµ֪ˮԽ˵ط˿š
ڴϣޣݵ赸಻࣬һϯȴ̾Ϊֹȱϰ꣬ȻרעܽࡣרĹͣͻȻԼ֡
˵ո֣ѺͶνλСֵǵȻãöСһ֣ƶ԰
ŶˣβιӺ͵ѹҲһ
˷׷׸ͣȱ²УתͷȴѵһֻҲߴȥһ֡
ЦڳѾãնĳ׳һ裬밢
϶̾һã벻С˶Ŷգ롪
΢΢ȵĿȱһۣҲˮûʲô֣ƺʣûô
΢һͷʾõġϵƣ˱һδȽѾ˺ܶ࣬ȻżǻʹжοҪΪ裬ҪΪ裬һԻãǡ
һѡ
϶̷Ըӣ¹һּ䣬ԣʣʲô
Сүһɻǵã
Ѷ˶٣ȻǼǵõģȾͨɣһӾͲǣοӡ̵һֻǣһģȱһװ磬Ҫα֣
ȱͬϷСһ㣬ʩһչ
Ŵǧ
ͺյ
ӰݺͶ ˺С
һװġνȴ˿ûŮһС޵ջⲻӦñΪ衱ڳһϷ磬ﻺ˵һ绪˵ľС
ʹ˴
ʮ߾ ʫӵ Ʋüˮ
͸
˵Ͳ ƽμ
Ҳ΢΢Ȼͬһˣͬһȴ˽Ȼͬķˡ
һһУһ䣬꣬մһû˻龰
ãáð
һˣ϶Ҳֻ˵óһ֣¶һ˿ϧ֮ɫŶιһ֪β찡
ǺŷӦ׷׹ƽкãֻ¹ȱһۣǳЦ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ܹݵ¥ͣȱǲģԶԶǳЦͷл
ߵȱԺһϯ߲߱ͷ˿·˵ðġȻٳŵúá
ʲô
ûʲô
ֻΪŮʱҪأӣôҪصģ
ʮ˻
δϣΪȱȻҪЩʱϢݰˣȱ»طܰѺȱѾյһ֣СȴȻǻȥšνʱһ˫ˮ۾Ҳ
νϵЦеǿЩҪҲס̧ͷȰؿ򰢵ѡȻĶԡһЦ˿ϷļƣʮֻϾҪȱݣʵҪȡµһҡܼǡۻҪѵġ֪˴˿ȱûαװĿκαʾȻǼٰҲãʤޡ
ιӣ֪ʦкδר߳ضǸ˰ɣ
Сҹˡ
ûУ֪ģְʵѧˣͷ޲ڣι˵ĽѾȺء
Ϣ᲻ֲ̫һ㣿
ȱϵıð̲סЦ˳·ֿСǸܹʱȱ£ԭӦԵĲСӣд˵൱ڡһȺѼӡŮˡ
ڰĪЦҲ̲סСֵֻĿţɻ򡰶νѰҴ𰸡
νĲĵ˰һۡһǹģ˭֪﹫ӵƵϲݵһȴʼղ͸©㣬֣ҲǵٶǴԼʵȴһԿ֡
ιӣ֪ﶺ೤ʱ䡭
С仰ʱȱϰԵע⵽΢΢ĿȻЦȻģȴƺЩš
ѾٹִôϰѾڽ˹ʹȥע⣬ҲܵķСҵ쳣ҹ뿪ʱƺҲл˵ȴû˵ڡ
ûоô
ûʲôֻʱιֽ̡ιزֵط
ѴʱҲע⵽Сҵ̬ȣƺ£Ǿ뿪һ㣬ìܲѡ˵һۣ˴˼һ̽ʲôҲҪܣĪҪκ֮佻һջǾ䡣
ǰˣлСҹ
ġƺôߵ䣬СЩʧȴܿˣЦǲλϢˣʲôҪٷԸС˺ˡ
ȱ¿С뿪תϷš
ѣô
ʼ磬һаƽͣܿóʲô
˵õҲûˮԽһжɺгȻõԴǻֻСŮ˼ǡ
ʱ򲢲Ҫ̫࣬κ鶼Ҫϸϸ׷ôͰбҲ޷˰Ȼͬ·֪˴Ѱʣ̽˲ô֮ףһա
ôϵܣôԴλСҹǸù˼ҵġЦһº͵ĳڽһ㣬ȱһۣû
ʱ˵ιӣ¹ȥ
ĪȾôҲǰϯôȥʲô
ãԵȣҴ·ȱһɣŶС˵꣬תط䡣֪ƺлҪ˵
ѹȷ˲֯ԼЩȻ֪˵òǷϻȱԼӦ׻һ䡣
Ҳȥ
ǵᡣ¹ˣǿһġֻǾбҪ㣬ʵǰȱ¿һۣʶ㣿
˵ʶǡ﹫ӡ¹ԶԶһ档Ȼ֪ġһʲôû𣬼ʹԳưҲûκηӦȴ֪뷨
ȱµͷ֮ǰоˣһ˵ȷ﹫ӡǰһݣͬġνһ㡣
û£ȥ
ǸɣȴƽƵˣȱ²ǸﵫҲʲôΣյ
С˳ţСţĪȾķ䡣
ιӣ
ȱ¼ĪȾ˲貢һС㣬ǳЦкˣȱϲӣȻͨαװʱΪӦҲڿףĪľǾǰЩȦʵ壬ֱʵ֪¥ҪĳǰΪ£
ĪȾЦݵȻûʲôҪ£ֻðʣ֪ιӣɷĳ
ȱĬĬ˿֪Ǻ˼
׸׸ûʲôǣҪôⲢǸӵǳ˵ĵӣѶһ㵯ó¥ֹݵĹҪʲô

19-20

ȱ»һȴ˿ЦݣӦãҸձ㽫
ĪȾϯĳǻ¥ȥˡ
ȱԳɣʲô˼Ҫ͵¥ڲ²⣬¹֪ιӿɷѹĳһͬ·
ȱһ⡭ʲôʱģ˵룬Ҳδִ̫Щȫпǵʱ䡭
ĳ
¹Ի˲裬һ崼ƮɢűһҶ̻ǡιǲ¥Ǳ;зֵֻǡĳϣιӺ͵ѹӽ뿪һССҸ档
㺬Ҹ棬ȱ±Щ鲻޷ϸ˵飬˵лĳԻáȴһɧң˺ţˣ
ȱ΢΢һͣһ˲ͷǣôߵﶼӲѪȵ£һת¹ϣȴµϣȻԳһЦЦĲ
ϯϣĲٶǵȨƽ϶ûټΪϤһϯɣж⡣Ÿ裬ƣȥٹϯټ˸û⡣
ǾС׼ȥȡЩʱȴ־ŵ˻
ˣ
ˣصǣĻϵĹ͡һĴֹ
ٸ˼ٶȱϵ˵أ̷ַˡϵ˺;ϯȫֿأչ̲顣
ݴ˵ʶԶҵؿԹűǷ֮أٸڴ˵ضֻǰ裬ȴٸ潭˵飬ֻǣȨ֮²ż棬⼸ѾǹٸͽĬϵĹء
˷ǵؾصĴٸȻò飬ֻУȴէࡣȱ»治֪ݵĹ٣ʱôܸˡ
ȱֻ⣬¹һ߳ʱһĨζǳЦǿϧصһҲֻ˻ˮˡ
Ǿ仰ʲô˼
԰е˶𣿡
϶ǰػزͷ԰ˣһ򷢳ȥµĵӣˡյıͻһδ;ϯȥɢδ飬¥ġ¹һۣ¹ӵѾˡ
ãһһĸݰѽ췢ϸϸ˵һ顣
ȱԭǺ¹һģʱ϶ͷػҲˮһ㽻˽ΣתͷԶԶѣûע⵽ʱߡ
ѹٸ֮ǰԶԶĿһָۣɴ䣬²ģǾҪ鷳
ȱ¹Щȴ޷ΪֻҪǱܿ鷳Ͳ
μĶЩʲôˣûʲô֮ͷʵ϶̴ˮԽͬкʹүǣ˴˶ʶûʲôŶֻλģͷĿˡ
Ŷ
϶ָ¿򰢵Ѻȱ£΢΢ףͷ߹ȥʵλˣʲô
°ѣǶνҶǲԽˣֻΪͣˮԽ֮ʣһۡһʿ磬ò忡º͹֮ףʵǿ֮ˡֻͷȱϴľãҪ˵ǰ⹫ҲǸ꣬ò˹ôҲƺûʲô⣬ĪľﲻԾԽԽáǲԾ
ȱòף·ҪαװĿһ㡣ֻȻޱ䶯ƾ޾ݣͷȻΪ˾ͻɱˡ
ݰ鷳ṩһֱҪһһ㡣
϶հˣʱһۻرͷ˵Ѿͣ˷ϰ壬˶Ѿڴˡ
ϰ壿ⷽϰʲôˣ
صˣֹ֪ȻҲ֪ϰ塣ֹеأϰǮһǲһˣɣǶȴ׼ңҲǳˡ
˭֪˹ϵã˭Ҳ֪Ϊ˻⻥ĹϵöŮ׳׼ңȻǵûл˹ϵΪŮ֮ƢĦƵ֮ĹϵӶӡǵӻҪģԾ˶֪ʱȴֵûӣֻĮӶѡ
ֹɱˣϰȴӰ˭òɡ
ǣϰôˣôԣô׳յô
ͷüͷ˰죬˵ȴȥʬ壡
ȱ¶һ¡ڲſʬ壿һ˵Ӧ˾ȿʬôѵͷУʵǸͿ棿
ӵȻǼù£ùģĪһͿ沶졣
һͷżֹɱʬ壬ؾòסⲻ׵ĲķʽĵطΪΣԺ֮У
ֱضʶ֮ˣͷ˵ֿ϶һƬ΢ʶ˵־ߣ
ڶʮ
⡭ͷжϣ϶һ䡣
ͷ߻شһֹԺ˵ϯϵı;ϯɢѾƻЪϢлֽϽĲԺȥֹΪҪԺûʲôȻ洦ߣ̸ʲô飬ܲ˵ûܡڶֹ״ǰûмҷԼΪ־Ϥ֮ˣԲ˿ûз
ҲпǸΪ
Ѻȱ²Լͬﲹһ䡣
ǡҲɣ
ûȷҲ裬붼޷ͬʱ[ֹԺ][ǰ޷]㣬ԣпܵġ
᲻̫϶Ծмֳɣͷȴһ֣ûɣҰ참ֱ
ȱ΢΢ãȻһأ򰢵ѿһۣȴѾסˡ
ȻͷǸϵĺͿ棿ŨüһӢİ
ѶȱǳǳЦЦ˼ǣɡ[참ֱ]ûϣѾллˡǺαضأ
.
ͷȻͷ꣬ԭô˵Ҳ㾩ﵱġֻü˵Ļ˵⺢ʱִ˿Цܹ黹Ǹֱĺúӣɵ˵㣬֪֪ͨͨһ١򷢵ңԶĲ֮[ִ÷ɵ]Ĳͷ
ӽӵֹɱϢϵزúһУͿʼơ
ֱһ£ſڿӣȷʱ[ȱ]Щ鲻ڵһʱ뵽ֱȴֲһ㡣۶ֱ֪ʱûȴ׼ȷˡҲЩֻǡû뵽ǱʶѾʶҲ˵
ɱ˰ƺҲûิӣҲңֱŨĸоƵֱȻһȴ֪ôһ
ҲӦҵϰ壬ܹ֪һôߡ
ԸĴȥѰˣһתֿˡȷ˵۾ֻеһˡν
еƵһԴͷ
үǡôôŤһĹӣôôܡһ˵زгжµܡ
Լ³ë֮ǰæתߣע·ŵϡ
һûˮʯ˾ͶѲ˸ϵŵԻظǴڼвǡ洫浽¥Լȱ°Ѷַв׼뿪ϯ뿪ˣǱټһԺУۿء
Ժʱȱؿ¹Ƿ֪ʲôһҲԤ֮Уߡ
ƺǸоĿ⣬¹תͷǳЦȻԭ̾Ϣûлιֽ̣ǵвʱˡʹ޶˵Ļ˶̻̲ʱȻ˰ƽֻ˸ոճʱȱϿһ˲ϧʧ飬ʾ
ιӡСЦ䶼ѾźˣҴȥ
Цճ֮ʱȥһ㣬˸оյĻȻͳءȱ±һЦݣôСҹҲ
СεЦЦǰǰȥ·㱻ˡûϵģŲԷ鰸ڴ˵أֲǹѺ跻˻ǿԳ롣ʲôҪ˵
ȱҲֻЦЦ۾ȴƳӷű㱻СֱӺԵİЦ
ǰôӴһѹӡȴ׽˺ˡСƺҲڷԼĲףһ죬ͷ˵ˡ
ȱѵõغһ£һ뿪ǾָŮװɡ
ͷͷ
ʲô¾˵Сʲôʲô֣
ͷҵϰˡ

Ҳˡ
ˣʬһȥ
ϰʬֱӽϯϯ֮˵Ժӣ˼ϵԺеϣڿʼҪÿ˵̸Ѵϯ֮ȥĵط£֤һһ˵䲻˽½˵ձԸ۽˿βͷӶһ˿ʼ
ȱ¸оһߣԲͷĪȾɼ΢ҡҡͷµת
ȱɣ˼ֻǲ֪ǲȷޱҪǵ飿ʱԺˣСˣһҧԼϷ¶ˡȻˣҲûбѡ
һֱվߣһжֻȱһҪʲôȱµľԲ顣

21-22

һһʹʱ򣬾ż뵽ҪʵǸ˵ġǵǸվǰƽ͹׼ش⣬޿ƵĲЭϯֱǽʲôϾʲôì֮˵Ĳڣ
ָоͺһ׷֮ݲð覴õĻʦһдɽˮϱ˶ĻһֻѼӣҪȥӲɾһܵĸо
ʻʱһǿŶԷԱ㿴Է˵ʱϸ΢ı顣߾ǲν䡣
뿪ϯ֮ȥ
䡣
طʲô
Ϣ
㲻һˣҲƣΪôϯϢ
оˣá
ˣôģ
ͷƺ޹ء
˵˵˭֪ǲǷһ
ǣֻǹȥ׹ɽ£ϸǶˡ
ϵˣ˻棿
ͷΪ¾˳ѲŴ³ɢɢġ
ȱʵǾʵЩû壬ֻһ˳ӣʲôʲô

ȱ΢΢һ٣뵽Լ˿̱ϾӴ磬̫нδ˻ɣ㽫˳ȥһֻæƿߣסţһ˿ȥ֮̽ˮһ㣬޷Ӧڵȷˣŷǰӵȷ⡣
Ҳڴ˰Ϊ֮Ϊֻ̫ͻȻʱôɡӸĪоò⣬ԲŶע⡣ȻʵǰҺ书ˣôɱһԼǿ׳һ׳ӡ
ôһֱͬ
ǡ
Ҳ뿪
ǡ
ˣȥɡ
ȱʩһ񣬱ת뿪
֮ǰѣ˲º͵ĶЦ¡
֪ô˵ôӦǰѣ˿õġ簢Ѳصһ㡣
һֱεúܡжӦ޸ɣȻԴУԼȴ͸ǲĵطЩޱ͸¶ȴָǶˡѵˣ
δˣҲռһ䷿䲻뿪ȥסӡ
ȱԼⷿ䰲ŵҲһǰѵӣһСҵġˣֵȱ¸ɴҲǳҲҪȿһСҵķţײš
ȻһȴһӰƮȻȥṦṦ£Ҳòô˵Ȼƣȴ͵͵ȥβɡ
һ򿪷ţѵżͬʱ򿪣˶һȻע⵽ǵӰѲδȻṦΪжѸ٣Ҫǰ߹ȴѲѷ֡ȱ΢΢ʾԼҪȥ
ȻδмһӲϮѻһ̶˲Ϣ߹СѴҴһƳֻǸ֮ˣתֱϮ赲δϸȴȱͻȻصһͷ
һС˼𴩣Ҳ˵֮⣬Ȼͷ
Ȼָ˰ȻǳЦʩͷ
ĵȻȥͷΪΪһȻͷȻͷ΢΢ε飬Ҳ˼ѿʵ֪ͷʲô£
ˣҲɴлֱ˵书
ҡ书
⡭ԻЩ
ѹӵ书ɲֻǰѡˣ֮ǰʱΪ
ͷ£ֻǳ⣬Ƕһ²һ¡
Цһ£û֮ʱȷһ²һ¡ολ˲ɣƫƫ¡粻Ҳ˾̫Щ
ôͷǣ
ǣ۾ɨˣһˡ
ǳЦǱɱ޳ԹαصԶɱˣ
ûҵȷҲΪǵʶΪһδı䡣ǣų һ㣬ǷǶ[]ɱˡ
ͷ˵±[]
벻ǣȻҪ֪˵꣬ĿӰתȱ£ʵιӣĳɷ⡣
ȱ΢Цףͷʡ
밢һ޵ЦһŤĵ治һ·ģЦһĸоôƵԽԽѻŬԼߴƿʶιӷϳĳ
СţԼͼЩţͷݣ˲ͬ
ŬԵЩ̶Ŀ׷УôĳʣιΪ˵ѣ
ڶʮ
ôĳʣιΪ˵ѣ
ȱ»̧ۣЦΪ䣬֪ͷγԣ
ȱµͼϿһ˿䶯ȻЦȻĪջƵι˵ϯ֮һֱڷﲻ
ǡ
ѹҲô˵
ƺѾ˵ˡ
ãôΪ˿㡪ι뿪˵ƵĶȱ£ȻûϵȻ
ͷȻѾ֪ĳ޻˵
˵ȱ²Ϊʲô壬ǷԼĿɶѣȴһѿʵȥȥʲôΪ
⡭ȱԳɣʵʱɲҪ˵ʲô˽£ڲ鰸˵Ƕɣ
ȱ޵ָ̾ЦݣȻˣҲûҪʲôˡҵȷ뿪䡣
ȥ׷ʡ
ȥ¹
ȥʲô
ֻ¹ҵһĸȤѡ
ˣΪҪ
ȱ¿Цݣ绨ţЩ̲סƿߡ
Ȼֻ̽ף¹ô˵ҲǸ糾ˣǶ˶һ֪ϾҪӵġ
ǿʶǶ˽ӣкΡ
Ůӡ
ʲôʶһ漴ӦŮӣǰˣˡȻЩЩôǸӣ
ȻֻȻʵĸоƺҵϸеǿҵĲЭŮװѹеˣ
ŮӣΪҪװ磡δԱѿһʣȱ¹¶һΣôô׳յ⡣
Ҳǽˣ⣬Ƕв㡭֮㲻ö˵ҲӦԼȷˡһŮӳװҪʲôԭ
ȱϷ޷죬˵Ҳͬ۾գһ¡˵Լǽˣ˭ó
ֻ¶ʵԱܹǰΪβ
ô¹Ҳ֪ģ
¹ڷ糾жһװῴ
ԼһҲûпѾоԾˣȴûз͵͵ȱһۣĪŮࣿ
Ͼֻһ֮ʣɷͬȥ¹壿
ȱȻҪͬ¹ʣͷͶĿ⣬Ц¡صĵģѻǰ¹ȷǡ̽סһ¶ʣŮһ㡭¹Ѿ֪ˡһ߽¹ķʱѾ֪¹ĸװ㣬Ϊд׼ǲ裬÷裬Ůϲ¹ʱѾʾǸļ
󲽴¹ڡȵȥѽŲ΢΢ɣͬȱ¶һۡ
ôƺҲͣ½Ų
ͷͨ¹ķ䣿
û¹ҪƧ֮ʲôף
ûУ֪ɻסűˣ
ֻ¹һˡ
ѳĬƬ̣ǸɫӰʧĵطѵǸ֮ˣͬ¹йأ
ҪȴһˬкͷѹӶιҲڡ
תͷ϶Ժ߽
ݰӦкʵôˣ
ôڷͷôܰţλʲôҪв֮ܶͷ
ݰˣϾ永֮ˣǻرΪ
ǣ϶³çˡֻƽٺСҶ϶۵ĵӣҲǰе˲ţҡ
ȷ˰ȱˣһ¥ĵӣȴˡͷĵĵȷҲ֮С
ҲûΪ֮⣬ѣ˿ﵽǰĵطҪĳҲֻٲ۸棬Աӡ
϶лͷͷͶλҪȥ
ȥ¹һ¡Ȼϯ֮˵󣬵Ҳ˵ϯ֮˾û⣬϶ǰ͸¶̫ࡣϾҪɱˣһҪԼ֡Ӳ֮ǰ˭ȫ˸ϵ

23-24

ݰòԹɫͷﲻһ£ȥ¹Ƕ֡
ߵ¹ǰָ̧δüţ浭һ
ƿţ¹߳һµֹ棬˵ĵȻ泩ǳЦҲǵ⣬ֻкλ
ˣ¹Щ飬Ҫȷϡ
ĪȾ߲źۼɨˣͷã뽲
¹֮ǰʱΪν㷿һ£
ʣĪȾûие⡣һţѾµ߰ˣɨһۡνĸģνģȫ֮㣬ȫŮϢʱı֣ȴЩˡĪȾ֪飬λ᲻İʾ
ϹԳһ˿ԥɣͷѾ֪һϾ¹˽¡
¹ڰ֮ǰ˽֮¿Ҫȷһš
ǣȻιӼ¡ȱһʾ⣬ֻΡӡŮװĳȴǸ糾ˡ˵ʱﻹû֪ݣҪ˼ɣԷ
Ȼȱº¹Դһ£Ҳ޷˵ʲô
ȱ¿ڣͷȻѾ֪ɷͷҪŮţϾĳǳ⣬в㡣
ĳ޷Ρ[]¡Ͼ鰸һ£¶˽ССƫҲܴҪֻܾ¹ǰ참ȴбҪ֪£һᶣǲҪš
Ѿ㹻ˣĳҲͷлͷ
˷ɣȻеŤǳȻѾ֪ǸŮӣȻòػȣһŮеģ
ֿʼìһǸŮӣӦԼĸоһ־һﲻӵϧǰߵĲЭбȥ
ӹû¶ԸţǼ⣬ƫƫԼ˿ûз
²˵ȴû˽չ·߾תѰ·һҲԸŵù۷ͷȥΧȥѯϯ֮Լ跻ȴûвμ֮ˣѰµ
뿪ĪȾķ䣬ȱ뿪ʱ΢΢פʵ¹֪Ƿ
ĪȾҡͷк£
ûʲôǡ
Щʱ½Ȼһ֮£ȴеոڳµС˼Ժ
Ϣüĸ֪˰ѡ޷ͣòѺѡ
ͷܱǸҲȥԺȫ֪顣վͷǰĻֻǷŲŶ㡣
ôڶν뿪֮Ƿ˿֤㻹ڷ
ûС
ѹӣȻֻһ֤ʣҲò㡣ڿʼҪ뿪䣬֤ݣǻš
䵭һص䣬ƽյºȫӰģ˸о¶ȣŭҲûС
ѡ
ʶԼı֣̬һЦ֯Ҫָȱ£ԣƺ̽ǲǺʵѡһ·ͨûܳɹìͷָ˰ѡ
ֻ̾һƽƽӣû뵽ȴ첻ԸǲңȻҲκˣǱݵͷϣȴǲܲˡ
ȱµͷѵƢѾܺˣƢҲ۸ֻ˵Ұ㡣
ºеЦذϣϷЦ֯ҵĸ
ƽȱ¿˰һۣǷѾ뷨
Ѿϲȱ˵ϻ񣬲˵䡣
ûܡ һеˣҪԼĵɱˣȻҪ¹¥ʱɺϻⰲţҪݸ࣬Ȼȴʱˡ
ȱƺ²⣬ѷֵһ㣬˿ȴû˵ʲô
㻳¹
ֻûɽų⡣еΪеκһ¥ܹ¥ô˵ȥеģֻ¹һˡ
ǼȻҪɱȥϴɱǸ׵αôһȦ
ȱµⲻݸҲЩȱ¹ȥĻ԰ɱ֮ԼغϤȴƺ̫˽⽭Щɢɱֵķ񡣡ʱҿʬ壬ȷΪҲǸ֣²רŵɱ֡వص֯ЩϢΪṩЩ̽һ࣬Ҳɱ˵¡ЩҪ֪Ǳɱ˿»ǲףһҪɥǲȥ㹻ˣɴµƺãһʧŻᶯ֡ɱ֮֮ͽȫͬ
ȱµͷʾ˽ˣȻڽ߶Ƕִɱصˮ鿣ϾһЩӴ黹޴˽⡣
ǡҾӦò¹ȱЩԼû֤ݵ¾Ȼ˵һ仰׽Լ۷뵽δ֤ʵĲ²УۣΪΡ
뵽Ǹӣģȥ
ѿ˿ȱ£ûж˵ʲôºЦãǾȰעŵࡣ
ѡ
ûϵٶһԼԸҲãҲ⡣ȷ⣬ȴǣȱ̫̫ˡȻԲƵαװ֮Զ࣬ȴҲ˵Լ顣
Цº͵ȻůĹһ㻺һжݡ
ȱϡν΢΢ɶһ˲䣬ƺ¶ȱµ顣
ڶʮĻ
Ѽǰѵĸģ
߸˴㣬ͻȻ֮ǰϸ΢ŲӦŮӣȱ±ȥšСƺ΢΢վǰţȴͻȻȻЩ֪ˡ
Сңô΢΢ǳЦ˿¶СҼǰΪηȻ޴룿
ûû¡´ڷƣǰЩй˼滨͵λҲ顣
ڵϵһ軨ԣǻɫдһĨȴŧ壬ȷǼһϡƷ
ȱ½ӹл⣬ϡƷʵǹⲻȥ
ͷŹⲻȥ˵λǺ⣬ȴ飬˶λг̡
޷ģ˭Ҳû뵽֪˭Ҳ⻨ԣ
Ŷ¹Ҳһ衭СЦţЦȴƺЩҲסιӡ㡭ҧ´һԥƺ¶ģιӣǿ취뿪ɣ
ȱЦݣԾһºͣôˣ
Сҡͷûа취˵ٶ࣬ǣң뿪ɡ
ٸڿţô뿪أȱ±ؾᣬͼҪôšСһƺ뵽һ㡣
⡭ιӣ֪ѹʵǻ书ģ뿪ɡ
Сң㻹ĥʲôƵСҵ΢΢һȻعͷʱȴ˿ŵĻҡ
١
ǺСһ٣Цӯӯ߹˿ȱֿ˿СңȤСѾͷ͸Ծл죬ҲߣΪϳ¶ͲˣСңЦſȱһۣСҾߣСӣ˰
ǽԶתĿ⡣
֪ѵ۾Ȼ˹ȥİº͡ɢ⣬۾޷ı䡣˫͸º͵Ĺ⣬ֻԵ˫۾嫻񣬶ԷźãϻԥƬ̡
ҲСҵĻ̧ͷȱ£ĸоû
Ȼô
С˵ģʲô
ѿЦһ£Ǿȥɡڷ䲻ҪĴߣҸСȥ
ȱȴڣȵȣѡ
ô
١
áԼģһʲôΣա
֪ȥͷ
΢ЦͷȻֱȻðײáŲ㣬ת۱ȱǰʧ
ȱĬĬţڷ¡۾ͭпԼӰǡνòȴް㡰ν顣ϣ˿Ȼⲻ͸֮µ˼ȴֻԼס
ԭҲѾݵάԼαװô⣬û书ǲǸˣ˵û塣ǵǰ飬ŰѶȥ̽飬ֻ֪ڷеԼǶûá
ѵվľô
Լ޷άֵαװ˵塣
ע·Ż軨ϣ˼ۡûнڴǰǰǽߵı紦Ƭ̣ԵĲ豭ˮ˻ϣֳϡ
ջصãͻȻƿ֮ȱ书ʧȴڣѾԶ㿪鼱֮ʱһ㣬Լ˵ӵڵϣֻͷ
͵һͻȻ忪֮Ŷ룬ֽȱ´
ֽ־޷һȴԣ͵سĻһѳ˵۾˹ȥ
ȻΪɵæڵ˱ܣȱ´˾ȴ־ȡȱ²ϻʹô˹Ҫſȥ
˷ȱµͼ˲ٴξٽȥȱ·ӳ죬ֽȴۼһҪϣͻȻײͻ֣һɵƫ˽棬漴һдȱµֱۣ
дĳ֣ȱһ۱ȻصǳɫӰǰԽǷǰȴʧˡǽСӰȱɹŮӣǰ֪ԭŮӣһδꡪڴĶ꣡
Ҳ𣡣
ͬȣɣ
ʲô뱳Ѳɣ
ŮӣȱµǳֻҪ濴ˣ㲻ῴǵľֹǰȻܹǰ̽ͷȻҲܹ߸ϯеĶˡֻǰһγʱṦӹʧ̫죬ûлϳ
ӡСҺ٣ѵ߸ŮӣѲ˸ϵ
ͬΪӵôԼ
Щֻ˲Ѿٴγ֣ϻҲͬǽǽ
˴󾪣ƽɳĬɣȻ֣
ԭֻսپڷɱȱ±ߣ֪˺֦ڣһѾۣƷϮֻӰԾ֮䣬һɾֿˡ
ʲôˣ

25-26

˼Ѿ¶Ҫ뿪ȴڣӲˣѾ˼ĿǶӶֻסȱʵΪδж
ȱµϣԭ֮ؼټһ滨綾ֻǿ֮ڣζжʱԲɢ仨֭֮ὥȫ֮һͯСҲʤ䡣Ϊһ˶֪֮٣֪ҲҿֻǶǰϱ˸죬˱仯õʹҲж˲űٵ˿ʼʹá
㡪˾֣ҲĴȱ£Ƕ˾㾹Ȼ֪
֪ϴڵʵ֮٣ǲŸҽ˻ȱºͰѷУ׼ж֡Ȼȱ²ֱֻ֪˺Ȼж
ȱ¶ǲŵĿ޶ãȻֻǵģϺޱ顣
λ᲻֪أȻĵɫ󷽷̺ɫһԺӡϵˣȴͬһԺ˶£Ҫβ˽⣿
Ҳûжǰ鼱ֱֳ֮ϻκηȻжֻϧоˣȫһãֽж񣬶ʲôͬأ
ǧ㣬㲻ϵһˣ
Ҫθģܲʣѵ⡭һЦȴͻȻ̧𽣣ĨԼĲӡ
ס֣ΪҪ֮ʶҪȱûԼȱ£ͼҪȥѾ
һŵϵʬ壬ǵòüתͷʵͬˣΪǴô£
ؿһۣô֪ģֻɱˣֹˡ
ҪգһȴҲղȱһǣ龭򵥶˵ˡֿһ䵭ӣҲʲʲôתͷ۵￴أιӣȥݰ
ǡ
Ȼˣû֤ݾݰʹֻһݰȴҲѲ˸ϵȥȱ²ŵʱͻȻ־ɡ
ɴӷ֮һֱİһСϻҲޣһЦȻʱȱ£ȴͻȻɫһתƵĸһϲЦݣĨƵĻλ㣬ûˣûŵɣŶȻᱻôСŵģ˵ûû
¹
ԣﻹеڶ𣿡
㲻ˣȱʻʱȻݵգգ۾ƺе㲻ڣ¥Ҫģñ֪Ϻβ¶ˣҲԻ¥ˣûʲôϵλ㣬㿴֮ǰòһŶ㻹ЦЦӺÿٺ١εЦЦȱҲ֪ӷûά֡νӦеӡ
ôҵģ
ǹġյĻԣ֪Ҳһݣ֪鲻ҸϹˡ
ȱһæʣ¹Ҳжˣ
һ㶣ƺ뵽⣬Уôû뵽ô죡
ȱû˵ʲôĪת¹ķȥ
յſڣѾ򿪣ĪȾվڣ΢Цͷ棬ſտĲɣ
ι
¹ȱһ΢һ̧ͷҽ֯
ĪȾ΢Цͷɡ
ȱϸϸ۲һ԰ݣҲȷѿʲôֻƺȴһЩɸ￴һۣûи
¹ɷҰһ
ĪȾȻ΢Цͷǰ£ֱ۷ϡ
֮ʱȻ䣬ȱȴ΢΢鶯ĪĴһ˿šһ˲̲סҪ֣Ȼվסˣδ¶κ
ָоİϰ˵ȻԲẦκ¡Ľţ·ǻ΢΢鴤Щ֪롣
Թջ֣Լ
¹Ȼ֪ϣôԼġ֪νⶾҪĶһտռġ
Ȼֻ֯İӽһ·¥ˡĳԭҲ㣬׵飬ҲһµЦЦȴ밢ѵ׺Ͳͬģȴž룬һļ䡣
ڶʮ
ȱ¾˼ʵֻǲ֪¹ô֪Σգ
ĪȾЦ΢ͣЦԼֵһʱ飬䡣
Ҵ֪һЩᷢ顭ֻûϵ϶ĻôҲǴҡʵһʼ϶Ǵ㽫ɱ֮Ƶϣʱպ˱仯ųϡ
ĪȾ˵úȱȻס
ԭ뿪£Ȱһ·ϧһȻ˵Ͻ񣬵ʶ벻϶ǺɡĪȾ˵õĮȴ˿˿ģԼȱԼ˼˵ݰѹģҲϵʱ뿪ʱءϣԼĲ²Ǵģһ˿ңԼ϶ϾѣȻҲõĹߡ
ɡ
ĪȾ΢΢Ц£ҵĵӡģԭΪõ
ŵģѾ˶ãôʱʼѾڷδȻô
Ҳ˵ɵ书ʵͣڷȱʱѾоûǣ벻ʲǼٵġǾľˣ˷θԻָĺ֢
ˣȴҲһֹݹô򵥡
ȱ²ȥ̽ݣȥģǱġ̹Ȼر֪̽ǷҲԳ
һν飬Ǹµˮ©ԼƲһɶϺ꣬˿û׬ôȷģҲû֤˾ɱģɱģҲ˵ݰָʹġ
Ƶػ˵һô϶ҲԵúܣô϶޹úܡֻܻѰȱºѯʡȻɸɴ˸һְ֪һ䲻ȣǰˡⲢƹװģȱ²ѵǡ˫Ը񡱣ɷ͵ԭѯʣҲ
ʱĪȾϾʲô¡
ۼҪ࣬ȴǸһͱƵֽƵֱ쳤Х
֪ࣿͻȻѵ֪ӺδתѴ淿ϷϢ
֪
ԣ
תʱȱ¿һۣǳЦġȱ¼ƽȻҲ֪ӦòģҲ΢΢˿ֻĲӣ˵˵ҪĶȥҲȥ
ûֱֵѨĲ죬һ˻࣬ݵطˡ
ݰѺ˵ֻǽൽݰķѹҪϢԼ뿪ˡʱ֮ˣѨҲ⿪ˣֻΪ˲˷ֻܵȵֽŵѪȫ֮ͨһ
ȱֻһһ߿ţƺĿǰһŮӵķ䣬Ȼŭȴ޿ɷĶȱ·İѡ
ǳǳЦЦȻЦºͣôͷѾŪ˰ɣ
а
ȴЧ
û֤ݣ
ʣµ£Щ޹֮޸ɡͷȻѾ޹أЩǲҲ뿪ˣãҲˣٿȥҲ˵ȥɡ
Խĺڣȴ޴ӷǶˣ˭֤
ѹ棬ڣҲǲ֤İѵҪȥ˵Ƕ˼ҷЩҿû׹ͷԩҡ
ҧԼûȥûȥô֪Ҫȥ͵͵ѣֱͷܲ˵ԼҲȥ͵
߷ߵصŰѣƫƫòһ䣬Ǻ¹Ѿˣһ·ʱͲͷˡͷ˽ŵ۳ˡ
ȱôǰ֪Ҫ۶ôѪĲܣǻҪ˽ǡ
ȱ´һĨ޵Ц⣬Щ⣬Щȷš˿̣Ƕν֯޵Цϵı飬ϵ
Ȱ򷢳ţѹ֮ǰĵһ䣺ʵץѱ͸ףҲߡһºˡ
ô֡Ŀδ꣬ȱȴҲи˿֤
˭һ˫۾ʱ
ȱ˼⣬Сҡ
룬ô
Ҳüͷ룬ѯʹÿһǵãСңǸɫЦüЦ۶Ůɡ֪飿
ңȰҿ뿪ҲúȰȰ֤
ãȻðո룬ȻĴ֮ˣȥ
ǣ
˿һһȥģһۡˡͬһȥɡûСνڣ治˵ġ
һСҵķȥȻķȴûƣһ䣺ô˯ǳȥˣţ˻ӦӴãȻһ֮·֣ŵģһ֨ѽ
Ķһ£ΨһŮȱ£߽ţеСң
תڣ߶ʱ䰵һͷȥڰһģ嵹ڵ棬ճҺ壬һʪЬס

27-28

ѣ
Ѻ̳ȱѾŵϵƣϺᵹСҵʬ壬ûˣѪѾճȻ˫մѪȣȻֹס΢΢Ȼ
ջЦȻǰŽҪǾʾСҡ
ȥ鿴жġ
ͷͻȻڣϵһš
飡
̽ӹˣ߷ߵذ鶪ϡ
ô
СҵĸɱȻҪ޻ǣܲǴԷԾ˵ҧгݣﶼףı϶´ٷСҪͨ籨ʱѾСҵһ϶˸һɶСҵһ˽¡
ͷ֪鲻
ûֻ֪ʲôãСȷıʼ֤˭˵ʲô
ȱ΢΢ôͲٲôɱ˵ԭأСǶ˲޸ϵΪҪɱǣ
֣֯һͷ޻˵ӣȰˣٸ飬йٸȥǲ岻ֵġطȥɡ
Ҫ˵ʲôҡҡͷȱ߳Сҵķ䡣ԶԶ뿪ʣľҪ¹һȥ¥
¹ϵĶ±˲֪ν⡣϶Ե˲ࡣ
¹ͬô꣬ΪЩݲռſҲȥ˽⡣
ǡûأЦѯʣҪȱϿ˼¹ûж᲻Ҫȥ¥һأ
ȱ΢΢֪Ҫλش𡭡ҪôأԼҲ
Цݼֱۣûϵ÷ҪشԥǷ񶨣Ӧ˵㲢ǲȥġ㲻ԼԶһЩԼ£ȥĵطҶ㡣
ļͻȻ䱻жȥãȻ֪ġʹڣȴ֪ηɣɡ֯ҵԼķ򣬿֯ȴȻԭأûԼһĵϣܹ֯ҵԼ·֮ǰһֱ֧ΪһһϢŮӣķ
ãôȥ¹׼·
ڣ
ԡͷȻȫ벻취Ųߡ
ȱʣ¥ô죿
ֻҪ¹ˣѵͷȥΪЩʲô֪ĵ𡣡
ȱµͷѵǱȫЩ
ȱȥĪȾ˵̵ͷֻһͬһ·ַ¥ͬˮԽǣҹ·Ѿ
ȱûȥǲ֮αǰ¥Ҳݣȴ¥£ţȫûз糾֮صϢΪ¥˶ַԵʮ徲ɸǰ˷䣬һҹ·Ϣ
ûãɱţݵǹġ
һɷϵŮװ΢΢һ⡭˭ѡģ
ǹѡģôﲻϲô
ûУл
ɸһЦ˳ȥɫŮװɺû˵¹ѡŮװƷλ밢ƣͬɫ
һȹװδϢ߳ţ¹ϵĶ
һȥÿһ߽ĪȾķ䣬δţűѾ򿪣ǰıĪȾԶЦݡ
ô֯ûٺúϢһ£һҹ·˰ɡ
ûʲôȿ¹Ķɡ
ȻǳЦģⶾ䷢죬ȴ񻯣ĳ޷
ǲ񻯣ֻǼѡжϵԽöԽûôǾҽΡȱµǼֵúܡ¹ҲƴǣãҪʲôȥ׼
ȱ¸Թ˵ӣ¹ϸϸѰҩĵȷ򵽣ֻм
ǲ룬ֻ֪ⶾ֮ҽͨƷ棬һҪҡ
ⷽȻ֯ﰲš
ɺһ߹ԺӣԶԶĴĪȾĴƼˣæ͵ơ˿̵һƤģ
Ǹڿʲô
ۣ˭ÿǲûôʦ
ǣǹĿˡ
ҽƼţĲеôôֱŮˣ
ǵΪʲôҪѵŮġ͹
ǰɣڿҸôһʲôˣŮĲһԶɣ㵹˵
ɹģЦЦǲأ
ŮĸһͬǸӱȽϰ䡭
ŲǹõģмܱϹ㣿
ҡͷ̾͵£֯侲ѹпͣءȴͣŶ
ȷʲôϢ
ЩȻͲ󣬵С֮سĿȾһͬ˾һ㡣
ֻһ˵²˸š
ˣͣѾ㹻˼ˡƫƫĪȾȱ»ӣٽȥһѡƲƲ죬еĿˣˡ
ڶʮ˻
ȱ´ĪȾʱůʪķȻȥͻȻһİģͣʧ䡣
ͷʱĪȾſĿȥЦ⵭֮֮Զ
˿ʲôȫȻİ
Щϣ»߽ܹԣǶ֪ܹ
ĬĬǰԾأȻǹһȡޡ
΢΢һ£߹һĪȾķ漴ָºЦݣˣ
š
ҪҰʲôæ
ȱ̧ͷӭĿ⣬ůյͶڰϣ΢΢۾
ѣлл㡣
ôͻȻ˵
ûʲôֻһֱûлΪ£ҡ
л˰ɻȱֻǵδлδлƺֱգظоԭšģϡ
ձ簢ϣ¥ĵǾͱ˻¥ﲻô塣˼ȻˣҪġ¥糾֮أΪֹݣƽҪյգҲ˹Сǰѧգר˵ڡдٹ˵˰ֹͣݵӵࡣ
˾ĲûУ֮ͬأǰࡣ
һϣȷòĪȾַӲǽһ糾¥쵽زС
ǰǺԺﰲ糣ĪȾȱ°ŰֻеʱˣԼֻÿսȱµĵͰѵƣͬ˸д裬ա
԰йֵĻ·˵õûȱ侲пͣ¹أɢϢ־Ƿ˲ĿĿ֮ˣһ𣬵续һг
龰ӶɸǶˣǰ˷·ǺϸעһôܽŮ쳾ȥȻȴôΪԹŮͬڣһǶࡣ
ȴ̵֪̲Ůӣջѡһ
µˣȻǲ֪˽´ԣദȴΪг
¹ϵĶýⶾǱϾûƵĽҩķһЩҩģ밢ֹ̽ѰˮϴľͰﲼҩģˮ¹ڡ
ĪȾԳɵĿһۣȱֻӣδؿĪȾôͰǳǳһЦ׼ȥȱ²Ȼһæת⡣
ǷˣѵҪ·ɣ
ˮ鿿СţʱΪҪƲޱܻ䣬ĪȾȴһ޹صˣôȻҲˡ
ѱҪĲ߽ɻĿһȱ£֯ôˣ
û£ûʲô
ȱ¾Ƭ̣תȻһ˿
ĪȾѾֻͰڣɰʩ룬ȱһָ㣬ʱһˮ¡۾΢΢ţĿбӣָֻѨλʱòŵĪȾϡݣȴܹľ
֯һ¡ҪһѨʱ롣
ȱ΢΢һ٣ǡȷ֪뷽أȷûо顣
ģû⡣ҽ㡣
ȱµͷӹ룬
ĪȾתͷЦЦʣţ
ȱϸ΢ҡͷ
ᵣģ
ͷ
ĳҪģҶģ㻹ʲô
ȱ΢΢һиãȻû׵İοȴ
Ķں˵Ļڵʲô
԰ѵͷѵ֮ɨʼ˵̣漴ĪȾڡʱȱ¸ںʱ룬úȱµΪǵʱƽȣȴϸȷλã롣
ָĪȾˮóȵƤ¶һ㴫ݹûбܿΪ׺Ϊء
ķһʱĪȾ׼µʱȱѾܵ⣬ҩԡҪһΣ¹ղҪͣϢ
ĪȾĶƺ΢΢һ£һĨεЦЦ̶ϵ´ϻϸ±ָĴУԭΪʧȴԭҪȥסָ¶ȡ

29-30

ȻδĪȾϵģΪרʰķ䣬Ѿȴδȱ¡
ǳǳһЦʵѹһô
أɱ˲̽æŰѽˮľͰС
㡭ǲ֪ɼʱҽˡ
ѰȻЦصģƵķѾ˽ˣֻæˡĪȾЦδ䣬һ䣺¹ϣһأ
ѹӣδǷסӲصȥ˿δ¶Լ
ѵϸϸɨȴ޷͸뷨ǸȻһЦʧˡ
Ȼ֪Լ仰Ƿ֮ǼȻ˶֯Ӱ죬ͱҪŪ̬ȡ
δȻеܽݰã
˽һ㶣ĪȾͰѻδӦѾ¿ôЩ춼Ǹʲôģôûˣ
ĪȾһɫʾ죬ؽ׼µ·ִãȥɡ
¹Һһȥ
ĪȾһ۰ѣͷ˼л⡣
ǰݣ϶ѺǵЦһհˬʣ￴ó˿٣
ϵܣѹӣôͻȻ𣬿϶Ƿǡ
ݰĪȾȻЦȴЦ䵭곡Ϸ²ֻԼĶѣʵûʲô顣
ϵܣ϶˷ǰҪϵܼˡ϶̬Ȼ˻Լ֪಻ˡȻѱϾ׶ţĪȾԤϣЦֻ÷ĺ
˲ϡ棬ȴ˱ﲻһα̾Ϣ
ȴ֪ˣصصȴΪΣֲֻЦˣȻ˴֪Ͼû˺ƤĪȾҲ÷ֻԼİա
ݰԼһô
ǰʵʹҲ֪ײ·ɣྐྵȻСҾȻ¡񣬰
跻ʲô飿
跻ʲô顣ͻȻһڣȻͷ
ͷô
ĪȾһſڵСףСҲίúܣͷһͷ壬ûʱͨ
ˮԽǵܲͷҲʲôϡ£ֻݰһǰһô֪Ƿֳʲô顣
δվǰַʧ𣬴ɥ𺣡ݰ˵ݶΪ[]ô뿪Э̽飬δЩ˰ɡ
ͷ϶ȻҲֻǶ˼ˣͽ˸СȻжΪ⣬϶ʲôأ
ˣ֪ġݰһСңѵͲࣿⳡΣĴݰ׽ĵӣ߸ȹɫŮ֮ǰѾһҲûӳ
֪ΣȴץסѱһǲɢҴĵӶ뿪׷
϶¹ʲô
϶Ц϶ǹ¼ҹˣϵǲҿ޴ɹඡ
⻰˵޴ӾܾĪȾֻӦĳ㡣ݰ¥ǡ
򰢵ѿһۣ˴˶ףҲΨݰ֪ʲô˼˴˶ǡ
ͷҲ¥Сסհɡ
ãӦˬ죬лҲˣͲи϶ʲôɨһĪȾͰѣôûΡ
΢ЦӦ˵֯ڵģֻ̫Ϣ
ŶҲǺ⡭Ҳһ⡪֯ıô˵Ѿװ磬ȴ֪Ǻģ
δעʱ¹ߵѸǰĳݰķ䰲ڣ֪ѹǷ
ҲԼȻıܿǷǣȻǰæҲ᲻οȻ鷳鷳ȴδ޹ء
¹ݰķ䰲ڰѸڣһͷ˷佫ݰڵ䣬ԵݰȴȻ˿á
ֻһΪ׵㽫ԭڰѸڵȱǨ¹ĸڡ
ȱԼĶҲûж٣·ͰѸһЩҩѡһ̧ͷѿűĿº͵Ŀ
һʱЩãȻôˣ
û£ֻ˵ҺͷҪעݰ¹ǱȻӦԼҲҪúչԼ
ȱԽãȻô⻰˵ú಻һ㣬ҲǴԺǰᵽԺӺ棬׶һԺ̧ͷͷġ
Ҳֻ֪Ҷá
ŲչԼ΢΢ΣŮ˴ϻǣ侲£ֻƫƫȫ֪չԼԼ֮һּලӣδ뿪ԼƤӵ¡
ȻȱʵھðֻϹģѵĵȴ΢ůȱµɫͣ޵ĸ˿˿Ц⡣
֪ˣҩԷҶǵá
аʱϢۡ
ѣֻǴԺǰᵽԺӺѡ
ѡ
ʮ
ȱʰ߳䣬ʶ㡭
ȱ̧ͷƬָָ̣۾ܹԼ·ݶģֻԺӺѡ
һ٣Ұӣᶫ㻹ǡ
ȱȻؿԼİ·ҩġҪ[]ʲô
ѣ
ûʲôƺھԼе㷸ɵΪεЦЦԼҲĪѡ
ȱ²ٿ߹ûжΡ߳ûм׼ȥԼķ䣬ײ˸棬Բ۾ǰȱ£վţʯ
ͷȱµһ񣬴߹ĲӱͬꤣĸȱתȥֱȱµӰԶȥȻûнʯ״̬Ȼһִֻļϣ㶵ĻعͷЦЦĽһͷ
ģԶԶָȱµıӰǶιӡι
ǣǶνȻ˹˹㣬ɷҲǸģԭָŮװҲǸԵģôôᡪ
ԣնΣ֯
ûʲôֻԼ°ˣ겻ѡ깻ˣת˿ѣ֯ѵġ
޹ϵԳɣʵҲ֪Լ֯Ĺϵ
šȱȥķһģ߷һ򣬡ι
ˡ
ʲô㲻˵ûϵ
ԣûϵܿϧ֯ˡԣͷͲҪ֡£תˡ
ģˣ˭ѹӡ
¹ס֮ΪھĹϵ徲úܡȱﰲ߳䣬
ǰһСԺӣдУǳǳ̣ȴʱĻܡԺǽ̵ӣռ˰ԺӣԵøխȴľ
֯
ĪȾ߹ȱ»ͷ׵¹֯á
ЦδӦתʣȻǷ׵ǱϾû书ýݰһʲôˡĳ䲻İȫϾиӦֻĳ꾲Ļδżţίʱһ¡
ᡣоĿ룬ȱ±Ҳ
˵һ˵ס̽ģıվ׵ĻѾ˵һСһߣһݾӵĹͣȻҲ˱߲ºۼ
ķ·ߣȴ֪еȻɺζ
ʶʱ䲢ãҲûжٽӴһ£ѵĴڣ
Բ鹫һ飬ģʼ޷⡣ȷЩĪȾƣȴɢ˪Ϣһߣȼ䣬ʱżȴʲôأ
ȱ˼˵ݰͷͻȻδüơ֮ϵö˺ⲻãذʱҽΡ
ãԸ׼мһЦЦݱعСƺֻҪķߣȱµ̬ȱΪͰᡣֻҪǰһЦѸٳ룬ڼ֮⵭롣ȱ˿ٴλظƽ
һȱµһҽߵ¹ݰɣڲ˴硭̧ͷӭϵȴһ˫Զɽ۾ǰ㵭Զȴע
ȱȻƬ̣ĿֻеĪȻҪ׼ȥаƿߴ߹Ȼܹоߣµиȣ͵˿˽ơ
ȱ²ĸӣԹۿ͸ֻиһƺĸĪ⣬ʵ
¹ƣϣִӷȱվ档
ôûȥϢǱ߻סù𣿡
ڱ˵ĵطʲô߲ߡȱֻģͷ
ѣҽô
΢΢һƬ֮˼ǧ顣ҽ书һжͬһȻ뿪Щգȴǲɴˡ
ȱ¼ԥֻ˵˵㲻⡣ҲѧҲ
ҪѧȻ̵ġҽһβ˶ѣûʲôҴŵģҽ㡣ѵȱ»ҪôܾһҲԷһЩֻ֪ĪȾǷ
ͷһ۸ղųķ䣬֯㡭ϲ¹
ȱһʶҡͷҡһȴͣס΢΢ãȻ
ϲϲô˽⡪ڷţûвĪȾⱣֵľ֮ʱҲˣҲûʲôԡֻǼȻ룬ģĽ׵⣬㲻ϲɡ
ѽķӦȻ֮ǰеģȱ¶Щ˼ġóֻδԼһ²ǳᣬӦ˵뷨˷Ӧ׸߰ˡ
ºЦţժȥ΢ϵһʵɤϲұ㡣
ȱ΢΢Ȼ̧ͷº紺ЦݣûжĻȴ׵о۷ʲôԣþţز
ȱеȻ˫ȻӱҲһ㣬һš
ɵϣ飬Ҳǿ԰ô
ŵȻһɨգϸ޵Ц⣬Ҳⴺһ㣬Բ׽

31-32

ĪȾ·ɵˣתͷοյĻƿ϶ƼˡһߵԺӿůů޼ɵţϣһпôúг
ֻǸдеԺӲͬǳǳֵӰ֮£ľһƬǸŮӣȻʺվڿĵطůůΧ
ջĿ⣬͵ĿѾʧԵɣݰǱʲô
ʱûУͷ۾ɵøһ붯Ҳö˰
ŵ㡣ͷֱ̫סǸϺꡣ
ǡذʰãٿرɣһ˿ȥˡ
ĪȾԼķ䣬ų̾һԳһ˿ƣ
Ҫʲôʱ򣬲ſԲؿŽңĸӡѳʮҲˡԣѾĺǣֻȥѰһ˵ĵطմһ
ֻǡȴʱ
¥Ѿʮ꣬ѵǿҲƵϰȵӣҲҪôֻ밲ȵĹӣȴԭҲôѡ
͸ܹȱѾص䡣ӰĿⲻԾرº͡
ĸӣֻôɾȻεĮȻȴһȾõ˾òʵŮӣҲֻаܹ䡣Ըһ˵۹⼫ٳȴֻݰϴһءûпֻǲԸš֯ͰѡЩ޷ȷ֯ںֻ֮Ƕڰѣῴ
ֻҪһۣܹѵĹȥֻܿɹ˹ȥһУѹԼһ棬ȥҲǵģδظɾٵֻҪĵߣûǵͷϣԼƿ͵ĺ֯һ
ҪκζǵԼ
òʱ¹δ֣ȱºڶҲû䡣ȻƹϾԼûԼЩŲġ
ùصСԺĪȾķš
Ǹ߽ķǰĪȾ΢ЦŴӭȱһֱϲϰߣ΢΢ϲáֻǣûСûȱµĽŲֻԥֻߵǰţ㲻Ҫȥ˰աֻһĹѾ
ĪȾ΢΢һ٣ûüϸԼ΢ʲôȥ򿪷š
֯
¹ɷһûжԣֵȴشֻⵣ޹˽飬ֻΪԼĪȾƶѡ
ȷúܺáˣĪȾҲİɡǳǳЦЦýݣһҵĸʲ㣬񰲶
ȱ̽ҽֻΪҪͨƤëȻǳͬͨöסһԼֶ˽⡣ʱԼҲ̫ףͻȻҪѧϰҽǰǷϵ
ѡͻȻῪڣҽܺãұԽϵķȫ̸ҲòˣԺ󡭡Ҳˡ˵仰һ˿еָֻ֮΢΢һ£޷Ӧ
ͷˡ

ջ֣ӦʱԶ룬ˮ⣬Ǳ
ĪȾȻǳЦ뷨
ȱ̽׼ȥٸһƵİţҪǣͻȻĪȾһݣɨл򣬰ȱԼ˳һԡ
һӰƴ룬һצ׶
ĪȾסȱԱһһצͷѡһվ㽫ȱϲ˿ţݰ㻹ˡ
Ȼһ£δ棬ȻѾں᲻ᱻϳһЦȻƽǸݰ˿̷޹ء
ϵܣ϶һ벻Ǻδ¶ţ㿴
ûУһֱú׵ֻĳûа취ȫκһˡݰ˼ȻѾҲǲסݰֻ֣۹ûгѶϲҲױɻ죬Ϊݰ˳
⣬ȱҲͬ뵽ͷһɵ漴Ȼ
ᡭһ׵ĵġҪģֻǰû书ԼֻܳΪ˵ĸ۶ѡ
ʮ
ݰȴ֪ĳʱ㣬ǵˣ
ȻѾǰҲòװģĪȾԼºͣʵ
ݰЦϵܣΪ϶Ϊ˼Ǯƴƴ̽ôǲֻǶӶѡ
࣬ҲӵĹôѹ׵ıԼĵӺ࣬˭ܹ뵽˻ʦڵαװѹԼҲ˿ߡĪȾȻ߹ԼΪݰֻΪһĿαװôãǡԼҲЩ[Ŀ]֮һɡ
ȴ֪ĳһ糾ˣʲôֵݰ۵أ
糾ˣݰٴδЦ˿ҲıҲ˵ȷκšϵܣȻѾ֪ҶãαػװģôȷúܺãҴľҲδץסûƾݣ϶Ҫģ¥ʵݣ
ĪȾ˲亮⡪ݣƺѾԼҪĶ˭¥ĪȾôֻĪȾ˭ܹ˵Ǳˣ
ĺ˲伴ţָ£ĳ̫ݰ˼
ȱ±ڲ󷽣Ӻ࿴˲ĺ䡪ѵݰԣˣһݣ
¥ഫĪȾʮƹ¥žʮǽ¥ϣǽж֪ġ뿪¥󼲣ҲͶ¶档
ֻȱûǣĪȾϸûʲô󼲡еֻǳľˣ˼ڸµĺ֢
εʱʼӦѾ֪ĪȾ¥
˲뷨֮ĪȾȴ΢΢ĿһۡɫİʾͼȻݰȴһ
ҪκεĶϵܣӦǴ򲻹ҵģϵĶڣûȫɡ
ݰĿȻĳ֯޹أɷ뿪
޹أ޹أҵǷǳȣ֪ϵ˱Ͳܹ࣬ⶾĸֻ٣Ȼϵһ˼ȻǲڤˣⶾҲͲˡ϶ȻͨϵķȴԽⶾ֪֮٣ֽһأڤȱ£
ȱ»̧ͷ˲δӦĪȾȴ΢΢һ٣ЩزĿһۡ
ڤµȱ£ħһȱ£
һĨɫȱ¿ͬ飿ǡͬ
ĿƺϧˮǳǳĲƣصȱʶرܿĿ⣬ϰעӡ
ᱻϳȱ²֣ϼ٣ûУҴҲǳ¡
ݰԴЦЦǰˡˡȷе˵ˣĪȾѡ֯ԺɵˣһݻȤ˷Ц
ݰ׹צȻѾҴ϶ѾûжʱϵܼȥҪҵ˻߲ǣֻҪɱҲ˽ˡݰٴγ֣˿ء
.
֮ȥķšַ龿ݰôͻȻ뿪֮Ҫʸϸ
Ȼսķûãоݰ뿪˷䡣Ҫ׷ţȻһӰڶǰһüĿϸӣĿ纮һ̽ˮ
һŨŨѪ
һʲôˣÿ
֣ͻȻֵǰ¡ɻĿ򰢵ѣҡҡͷʾٰ꣬ʱҲûáΪ˵Ķ֡
ضŶǸ¶̽ӣѪޣҾ֪ʲôܹͼѪţ
Ѫޣ󾪣סǰ˵еɱ֡û˼ֻһ֣ǽѪޣѵҲҪﲻɣֵǡΪʲôϵѪޡ
վǰǸӣûд˵еͷɷֻбһҪһϢǰȴ֡һãѪ޲ΪɱˣΪסǶĪȾ֯Σգ
򰢵ѣȻѾ뵽ˣѪޣֻס¶ԵǡѪޡͬûʮְգҴ⡣

33-34

ͷסȥ֯ѵ˵꣬ͷֻһԥӲ౼ȥѪһ̷סȥ·ûбֻһ֧ĵӣȻ֧ƽĵȴѪ޵Ķ̽˿ˡ
һбϣƺ֣ѪҲֻƵضס
ûаһʤ㣬ҲһδֵñˣǰɣѪޡѶֱ˵Ҳи˻ȥҪԵʲôҪߣѪޣи˻ȥʧܵĴҲûвǸû񣬻ȥﲹ䡣ֺ߲õ£αȥ
ЦȫһƢĺƽߡѪޱҲ΢΢üºͿһϿҵˣҪҵô
ҵûʧܣҵĿֻ꣬㡣
ң
ԣǰһذ󡣡
ס֯ȻһЦԭȰһȥģ
ǣǰߡ
ҪǰǰĽаɣ˽ϡ
ǰߡѪޱִظ
㣬ο໹Ҳţ
Ѫ鶯ҲδǰӦһ밵ݡһ롪ǰδһȥж̽ѲߣҪǿж֡
ѿͬڿȥԼ̡̫ǳЦȻѾ뿪ûȥ
һ䣬ѪѾһϮ˿ãӭȥ
ȷûаʤǰ֮ˣҲܹӣѪͬռϷ硪ѴȴӦԣʤҲͬΪԼ䡣Ϊѧ书ɣҲͬѧΣԼġǰΡ
ǰѪޡ
Ѳʱע⵽ѪȻнƣȴʹɱ֡ڹ˼ֺ
˲ɱΪһ뿪Ѫޡ
Ѻ㣬ִ˼ɣѵΪܽҴȥ
Ѫһ٣֡
ϵòΪҲѪޣףһжϳûлᣬѪ޶ϲ׷
Ϊһȥһ°ɣΪʲôסңѵݰҲǰ֮ˣ
⣬˸˾ְ˱ҪԼ֮䲻档ԼѾǱȽر֮ˣҲеˡݰǰˣҲ޿ܡ
һߣݰѾ֡
ȻĪȾϣߵŮȴȱ¡ħһ֮ƣ鹫صȱ¡ȻΪʱоȱµĹҲ֪ˣվҴ⣬һֱʮ߷ֵķȱһߡ
ˣĪȾ˹ֻʣַ
˽ȱµʵжϴ
Ĵ
һ˲䣬ĪȾͻȻ֣϶ȥ
ߵȱ¶αܿ϶Ĺצ¡ֻͽֹһͽ֣϶Ͼޱֻһ˲䱬϶ʱ˳ȥײǽߡĪȾǰסĺ۾ʱһƬ̡
ȻѾڻҵݣҲ֪ʲôˣȻܹ˴⡪ѵΪֻ־͸ôδ̫СңݰǸº͵ȻȫȻڣȱЩȻؿǰ̵ĪȾԽԽõͷײ̴һ˿Ц⡣
㾿˭ˣ
ʱ϶ЦóĺѵļȻ㡭Ǻǡȣʮ꣬㲻¶һ˿šջǡ
ݰʶô꣬ұɱ㡣ȴƫҪƻҵΪʲôֻǹ찲ȵӣôѣ
ȱ΢΢һ仰ơ밢ѡ
¹֯ͻȻĪȾʶһ֣ĵԾɲϣ˿ɱ˵ӡĪȾƽͨһֹѰĹֻȥ
ֻһиĹ϶ͻȻ𣬳ûȥҴһײȥҪȥ׷վĲˣŵ˲䣬ĪȾֻüȱ¿һۡΨһһһеˣֻһףԼĵǶġȱ²˵ʲô˵Ŀٴȱ¶һ޵Цݡ
ȱ΢΢Ȼ̾ԭ㣬Ҳ
Ͱѣһˡ˵꣬̾Ϣɺϡ
ʮĻ
¹֯û£䣬ڶɨܵؾ÷ЩŹ֣Ƕȴֶ˵ҲֳʲôĪȾ΢ЦҺͷļʱû¡
ǣ
¹֯׽˵ǡĳ̶ô΢СϸڣֻõĪȾǲ˵ǡģԷһŮӣ飬ᡣţע⵽ԼڿɲȥЩ޹ʱ
ݰʲô
ĳҲֻͷˡҪлͷĪȾϹЦݣһˮֵߣǰֺ̽
΢΢üͷݰ뿪ʱ䣬Ѫ޵ʱϲ˼򵥡ȱ£ȱһƽ˿ûд˵ʲô
ĪȾβ֪ݲӦԼǿӲز̽ʵסֻǷŵ黹ûƽԼﶼ΢΢ңû˼ȥӦĿ궼ԼҪҲ׽ʲôѱ
ĪȾݰѪޡĪȾΪĹؼĻݰȻڣȴƺΪݰľٶѪ޵ĳĪȾƹΪģ޵عš
϶ΪʲôһֱĪȾ
ѪΪʲôΪ϶סͰѣ
϶ѪйأĪȾ֮ʲô
̽Ȼû£ұȥѡѪ޷ų֣סѪҲܹ
ĪȾһ˲ɶɲǼģǾȣȻҪģֻһ˲䡣ĪȾȻЩǧ˿Ƶϵ֯ķӦȫų⡣ֻڵģ԰Ѵĵ뽹
ȱ˵Ļһ˲䣬̲סҪȥȻֻһֹסˡȥʲôʲôһû书ͨ˶磬ȫûԱˣȥˣһʲô
ѵ书Ȼûа취ǳȴҲܹһ㡣ӦҪεġѲ⡣ֻǣԷѪޣһ˲Щʧ侲
ѹҪٸʵ׵ĳ嶯ϾҪĲĪȾµĹϵǰѵİΣ
Ҫתȥȴ߱ǰİЩײһ
ѣ
ѹӡ
һϲһƽվȱǲ˵ǾȲѣٿĪȾȴ΢΢Щţи̽
סѪѪ޵ƤӵѣңܹȫˣѪ޵˵췽ҹ̷Ѫһ֮ҲǿҲмޣǿµģİ󡣳ǡɱѡ
İѺ𣬰Ȼֻƺþȫٶȸ޲óԽԼļޣԵЩֱƽµ֯ŷ¶һЦݡ
һ棬˿ԼڰѺȱ֮䣬ֻ׷ʵû£Ѫأˣ
ЦЦֻܸȥȱ£ȷȷûκˡһӦţǰԼߵˡ
˵ɲ꣬Ӧȥ˵ĲѪޣֻһܻӭĿˡ
ô׾ѹ¾棬ѿȱ£͵ڰѵǰȥרĻش⡣ڰһѽһԣߵȱߣû°ɣ
š
Ǿͺáϻº͵Цţ̧ͷĪȾĿȴѾûЦ⡣
ĪȾӣ˴֮䣬ѾЩߡ
ˡĪȾȱ³ĬѺô£ȴ̫ȭƫƫֻΪ϶Ļ϶ĪɵҲ϶ֻ׷϶ȴֻǡ޹񡱣ҪʲôԼʲô취Ȼӷ󲻳ɣ
ưΪʲôֻԼһ˱ų⣬˿ŪڸЩʲô
һȥѾˡ¹ܾ֯ҪһúϢѰϻȥԼȴûߡ
֯ȻطЩҪ¹̸
Ѱļ˵۾ȴȻĪȾȱ̧ۿһ۰ѣٿĪȾȻĪȾҲԼ̸֪ʲôʣͷ߳ǹغš
¹ͻȻ˵ҲЩðȻǡ֯⣬һϣס
ĪȾ΢΢һ㵣ΪҪ̸ıȻ϶Ѫ޵£ͻȻ仰һʱЩ˼
֯飬ȷһǡ
֪ѹ˵ʲô
¹Ҳ̽֯⣬Ȼ֧ϣܹúáǣֻڴʱǰݰѪ޵ζʲôҶҲ֯Σ֮Уûа취Ʋ弰ԶһУ벻Ҫ֯
ĪȾ΢΢һ٣ǳǳЦֻΪ߻ΣգѵˣѹӾͻῴ֯ңΪѹӶ֯
Ҷ֯¹ǰ㡣ҵȷںֻ֯ϣܹõõõģҸҲãƽҲãֻᱣҪΪֹڴ֮ǰҲκ˺㡣ܹ֯˺Ѿֹ̫࣬塣Ȼ֪ĹȥյദθоǸƵĮʲô֯ʵΪӦȻɵϰߣĮ̫ãģ뷨飬ԼҲҲˡÿÿ뵽֯ĵģֻϧֻʹ
ĪȾȴƺ˵ĻΪȻż̽£Ѷȱ²[ǰ]ǲԼǰ㡪ԼԼȱµĸ顣
ĪȾͻȻ뵽֯ȱ£һ㰢Ƿ֪ߡȱҲ֪Ѫ޵ĳҲĪȾѵݣ䲻಻ȥԶһ㣬ȱȻǲ֪ġǶˣ˴飬ȴ֪˴˵ݣ಻ʡ
Լ֮䣬ĪȾмĽ
Ҫ׷Ѱģһˡ

35-37

ѹӵ˼ĳѾסĪȾԼ飬ѾºͶЦݣ֯ȷǸŮӣĳ˵Ժ޶ģǡѹ²⣬ĳȷͬ֯һպԻע⡣
΢΢üȻͬĪȾ˵ЩȻѾ뵽ֿܵĴ𰸡δϡ֯ɻܵ˺һ㲻ģֻ뵽ܲĵӣѾв̡
л¹̹Ȼ棬Ȼұˡ
ĪȾͷǳЦֱ߳䣬Ű̾Ϣ
ѣεˣȱ¡ɲҪΪ˽Լ˲źáйǺεϧ
ԣҲ̴֯ߵԶԶģǧҪٱϣҪҵ
֪ȫĪȾϵĶ֯ߡ
֯ĮʵȴƵġԼͬϿңͣЩαװĵȥǣһԹ˲Ͼȥˡ֮飬ֻ˽Ѫȣֻ밲ȵ
Сڰ󳤴һ߹Ӳɱ֡ɱˣ֪ʶ·ѼһҪܡЩ뿪֮󣬶ôֻʣҽҽǰԼ֡뿪ʱû뵽ԼҽάֻȥУﻻ˵ӣԼõѰ˵ĴֲѺһͷţȻ󣬱֯Ϊһʱٴʹ˱Լҽ
ˣ֪ԭϹȥһҪСҽҲԼյ֪ʶһѰҩʦ٣ȴѾӦԼճȻȱǮֻ뿪ʱĴƱûʹõ㾡õ֯Ҫҩϡ
ߵȱ·ǰ΢΢פ㣬ڻûнȥ
һҹĪ޷ߡ
ȱµķȴϨ˵ƣûʲôãµʱ˯𣬵Ǻܺõϰߡ
ĸڣĪȾδƵƣȴһҹҲδմϣֻ͸ֽĻ¹⣬ܹʶڰЩһֹţŽͬѵ̸
ûпͬһˡ
ֻǰѵõûеģ˵ֻǱ԰ѵĻشѾȻȻжϣڵһʱ֪Լģһġȴ֪Ƿзڵأ
Ҫڣ衰ءһ˵
̫Ȼ˾񣬶ҪȽ϶˵򣬸ް֮ա
峿¥½𴲣ʧٵȴƽһ㣬ˮ谴ʱķǰ
ϴˡףôѵû˯
ĪȾЦؿŰԼһո˸˼ƵǱģȴԾ£ҪźϴĪȾժͷϵһƬҶԼϴһ°ɡ
šһԼǱģ
ĪȾĵǳǳЦſˮϴҲżȻվǰɶɣôͻڿ֮ڡ
ϴ˷ʵˣ
ûãûס϶˹𷣡
ⲻ㣬书һֽڣв϶˵ΣʱŻ
ǡ϶ӹ֮ұһ·ȥѽסڲ档Ҫ
ĪȾͷλһ֪Լݵ뿪һִ⣬Ȼ֪ȥ϶ֵ֮ʱλŹ
㽫˹
ѹ밵ңҩʲô⡣
ĪȾһ͵ЦݣѾԶһˡ
Уֻչ˼ȥҪԼȥ룬ҿɲ֪ʲô
ĪȾΪȻɵȷ˼δָʾʲôһежҲԼڴⰲš㲻Ƕһô
ûо˵ȥתʵǰ¥Ѿճ⣬ֻԼһֱںԺⶾ첻ʡɫáֻǡ֪ʲôˣﵷңѾ˲ٿˡ
Ŷ⵹ϡ棬ȻЩҲĿźѾžĸ⣬ô£
ףӦˣǣƫҪͷƣֶŵġ
ĪȾЦһΪʲôط¥ɣ
ҿʧȥݰĿ꣬ͷӦҲģգǰɡ
ȻһЦǡ
ǹǰĴðײá
ʮ
뵽һѣ߶ԼǸͷﵢ̫áĪȾǳЦһһۿЩ[绨ѩʽ]ȥȱһ̸ĿҲûʲô£ݰȥúáǸȱһȥǰݡ
˵˼һ۱ܹ
ѹҲһȥɡĪȾתͷ򰢵ѣվȱߣԼº׽
̬ð΢΢⣬ղ˵Լװѵĸˣȴȫ෴̬վȱߡ˾ʲô
ȻҪһȥܷȱһ˵ġ
ǰԺȫһɲͬľϸ糾Ÿ֮ȷһʿۻĺȥ
ĪȾѰһ¥ϵĵ䣬һ㱡ɴԿ¥̨ʦߡ
ĪȾһ֧ܿϯ
¹ҪҰ㿴
ءҵѹҲ˽ⲻģϢһ±áǳǳЦžܾˣת뿪İţΪǰݵ鷳ֻҪȱ¸ѱ㲻һˡˣ㹻Ŀռʱȥ϶顣
СԺн밵ң϶ȫֱҩѵĿܡ
ĪȾվǰȻάŵЦݡѾ¶һΣʧڶΡĪȾǸµƵˣǱпᣬô
ݰʵĳԸĳҲԸʶһȴԣݰ˵˭ɡ
϶ʹ֮ȻܹЦǷ̵ؿǰˣϵܡȻ㣬㻹ΪԼľĪȾôӦһƺ㣿թ뿪Ǳҷ֡ûӵõģһ밵Ʋ뿪
ĪȾ΢΢üǰˣȷ˵Ѫ޳֣˰ѸʱѾԼµȻᣬô꣬ˡǰ֮ˣҲûм㣡
ûҲǰˣΪ˼Ӱֱϵ̽ӣ
ĪȾ΢΢üƺֻ[Ǹ]Ҳղѡ
ѾʮˡȻӲ
Ȼˣ㲻ˡɡ
ǡ
׼ǰ֣϶Цһǳǰˣˣ϶ȻһëͷСϡ
ĪȾûж˵ʲôת׼ȥȻߵſȴͻȻͣ½Ų΢΢ؿųİѡôģʱģ˶٣
˶Ƭ֮䣬ĪȾ˼Ѿǧתڡȴѷ·𿴲˼һ㣬ֻ̾һʱǲҪɱΪáȻôãǱ߿Ҳ֪ж˾ôʧˣʵ˶Ļɡ
ĪȾһ٣û뵽ûпʣ
ĽıҲ£ϾͬһˣûҪ˺
˰ѽ϶ѣЦ϶ҽһֱ⣬ȻûϳѪޣ顣εѪ޳֣Ҳ֪Ϻһ͵ӾȻѪɱѪޡ
ĪȾ˿ѣѪޣмЦ⡣
Ҳᣬֻ϶Ѫסҵģ
϶ǺһЦô᣿ѪڸֱϣҼ֧ʹҲҡ
΢΢ü⻰˼Ҳ˵
ûǶ˵񲢲ɣҲǶµѾûôģԼͨȥˡ
ĪȾ΢΢һǸ˾Ȼ԰˿ݸе⣬漴[ǰѪ]ݣҲȻ
϶ûм˵ȥ˵ԼӦѾǰĶˣһЦ꣬˷뿪ȻʷܹӰѵˣȻ϶ǰ鲻ǺȤôҲֻ϶ˣʱܹЦóȤ˵ɺϵ޻˵
ѿһĪȾȷѪ޳ʱѾ²⵽ĪȾֱͬǵ̸ȫȷϡ
¹һ֮Ӧòʲôʵ֪ݡ
ȷҲѾס˵ֻҪ϶һ֪
ֻЩѾȥ
ЩԶȥ϶ϵ㵱Ȼթ룬ճΪһˣǰ˵ݲı䡣󶼻׷㣬һӦñ˸ô
ĪȾ̾һ϶Ӧɱġ
ƺʵ
ʮ߻
֪ˡ
ǰεһλִư꣬ʮǰλӡȻС밵󣬵ڳΪϸѪ֮ǰһֱɵʱִµս̵ΪѪʱѾȥ
ԭȻš
ȥɡ̫ãͷ֯Ҫĵġ
ѿĪȾ糣ǳЦµƣ߳ңȴһֱһ¡
ʮǰ[]ģĪȾȴѾƹ¥ʮꡣ
㲻ĪȾ
ĪȾƳİڻͷϼ΢΢һЦڣǡ
ò飬΢ЦĪȾġĪȾ˭ǣ
üô֯ˣ˵ˣ˭пģȲڵĪȾһٵƤӣȴҲıԡǲͬȻԼݺ͹ȥȴȫȫڰһˡѵƭ
ĪȾǰûлͷȴƺʲôһЦһ£ҲΪʲôڵʽѾʮ꣬ΪǶʼҲΪǶ
֮ǰһֱ֯־룿ôΪͻȻı̬ȣͣ½ŲԼ뷨ҲҪڴŪ
ΪΣĪȾתѵ㲻ãˣʹһʲô֪ͨŮȥͨҲ֯йȥȴȴȥ˴ܹ⣬ʵ˸Щôο֯䵭룬ʵúܡ
㲻ĪȾ
ЦʮһֱĪȾ֪ݼûнӰ쵽ҵıأ
Դˣ޻˵ʮ̫꣬ˡһҪһʮ֮ãԼҲԼԭò
òݣѵǡ
֮Ҳ֮һȻѶ̫ʮΣգѾʧ꣬Ҳ˵ѡڣֻ뵽һ㡣
ĪȾû˵Ĭϡ
Լһ죬Ѿˡ
ɱĪȾȡ֮ڰ˵ⲻʲô˵¡
ֻδϵĪȾɫ΢΢Ȼȴˡϴ¥žȴ󼲣ⶼġҴӰթ룬ҲһϢʱһֻϧĲҩʯҽǷꡪ⡣û֪
ĪȾڣ¥ҲȻһʼ֪ԼˣúܺãԼá
ĪȾҲǸʮ꣬Լ뷨ѡ˴ԼϣǸ߾ûһ֪ڵĪȾʼûףʮ꣬Ȼס
ֻÿһǸ嵭Ƶӣ΢΢Ȼ
˵ʲôĬĬ߳
ĪȾʮİѵѾǼˡ
Ǹ֣߳Сǰ¡
ţȥɡ԰˵ǡ̾ȻõģͲŹ֯ڣҲܲȥġ
ǰݵʱ򣬳ѾͷסڵӽѵЩµˣͷƤӵ¾ȻҲ£ǣͷ˭ٸ£ȫץȥ
ֱ˵ĶͷһߣĪȾЦͷʱˬֱÿɰ
һ˱ÿɰݣôⱲҲˡ
ĪȾͷʵЩˣ
ϸϸ˿ȴҡͷǳµЩˣЩףû
ĪȾ΢΢ü򰢵ѣ˿̰ѵɫҲѾ
Щ֮ǰµˣô£ɺϣָʹָʹʲôˣƽʱǿֻҪ¥ҡڰѪޡ̽һһ֣֪˱˴˵ݣҴ⡣
ߵۿֵȱߣｻͷͺˣȻȥģɡ
ĪȾ߽ʱȱ±Ѿע⵽ϰߣòƿųڻҵľʵѾ˵ķӦڡŰ߹ɨѺĪȾ
ʲô
ƽﶼǸ˼Ϊζ̶̵ʱڱͻȻվһߣһˡʱˡˡô
˳ĬƬ̣˵һ㣬µعһǳǳЦݣͬû¡
ȱ¿ԲʣֶѾˡĵģȻԲʡ˲˵ģҲԲʡˣȴԸƭġοһ
ˡ
֯ע⵽һ˲ı䶯ֻһ˲䣬ʧƺ΢΢һ٣Щ΢лָȻ
֯ˣȻطŶλ
ȱЦˡȻЦˡһЦݺճһ㣬ðһĪȾһۡ
ŭˣĪȾһۡ
Ƚ˽ôĪȾ΢΢һ̧ü
ȱȥϲǣһ˵ǣַǰϡǲ֪ôԼı䶯Ŷαװ֮£Լһˡ
ȱµȷ֪ô΢΢ĲԹЩûбֹҲ֪α΢΢е޴롣ȻαװߣȴȻȻκ¡
αװ֮µ˻еĶڣΪǱĲ޴롣ֻȱ²ס

38

ĪȾ˿͸©ԼݵģϾǣ̫Σաѣǲ˵ƾϣȱԼݡȱҲװѲǿǰ򵥣ȻϣԼֻǸƽƵҩʦ
ΪԼƫƫѪءɱˣɱҪࡣ
ǰȱѾҪ߽䣬һҪҪסĪȾѾڵ֯һȱɺã
ȱ߽Ӱһͣ׼Ĳûжתͷûоܾ
תͷĪȾֻЦЦ˵[ı]ˡ
ѵݻ鷳
˴˱˴ˡҵȻȷһ֮Żϸ𡭡ԣ㵱Ȼæɣ

ԡΪ֯Ȼæ˵ڵĻı䡣
ȱͻȻͷʱ˽üȥµջߡ
ɻǰݶţʣµ飬ĪȾ˲裬ȻƷƷݲձȴǺȲġ[ĪȾ]Դڣʱ䣬ݳеζ
һһЦһһû˿Կͬ
Ƶȱǰ£ЦЦ̧ŰѡĴȱ¹ô
΢΢üͷû
ڲʲôǴӷ֯˼֮ʱѾҪĪȾߵһΪĪȾĳЩδ鷳ֻ֪ڻֽܹ֯
ǲȲĻͲЩȱֻԼûпüĿĽ棬ȻճǲƵЦݣȲ裬̣˹ĺò裬֯Ǹˡ
΢΢Ȼؿȱ뿪ֵܻ̿ط֣Ҳš
⡭ȫû[]еŮ˵ľ顭
ô졭ͶҽؿĪȾԷ΢΢һǣ۾ѹסЦ⡣
ѵΪԼô
ĪģȻֿŰѵȻ޴룬ȻһȤ顣ȷȱ¡ط[ǰѪ]ҲǸĸȤĺء
ȻҾ[]ȥˡĪȾȻ԰΢Цһ£ȱ˳ȥ
ĪظеƣҲֻۿĪȾȻ߳ȥ
ĪȾ΢ĴǱûٷ֪ԼģҲ֪ԭԼҲ˵ĶȤ
߽ȱ·ʱǵĻȣѾָյ嵭º͡
ȱ¿ƺҲûǲԴĪȾ֪ѵݣҲ֪ģֻ˻֪Ȼȥ˵ʲôһǰȻʲô
һֱȱҲֻΪԼԼȫĪȾԣûǶԸ϶ʱѾȱ¿Լǵһ棬Ϊڿɰ˶ȼ˱ԡ˻ĪȾαװȱ±㲻ȱ¡
ĪȾϸϸ㵭˻ȥʲôҲûʡ
ʣĪȾȤؿڵ㲻лҪô
νˡҲǸִŵˣģпޡܾôӲ֪ʲôô򣬾ΪλôҲòͣ׷ԼҪĶ
ֻ뱣㣬֪̫顣
֪ңҲﲻʲôæ
αԼأ㲢һŮӡ
һ书[һŮ]
飬书޹ءǳǳЦЦ˰ȵ·Ļɡ֮ǰ˵ƾĸо΢ĳ롣
ʵᵽҸһյ顭Щء
ȱ˵ʲôԼʱ˿ˡʱԼѾϰȥڼȻѾ֪ǰʵҲһһαװԼҲЩң֪Լ֮ǰľǺˡˣλٶģ
ĪȾƺ˼ƣҪЩʱ䣬˽ڵ֮ǡ
Ϊʲô¹ҲסΪͻȻָı̬ȣ׽
ĪȾֻЦȥߵ鷢һǵ˲ڣֻȱûж㿪ΪܺʣΪ⣬ɣûôҪ
ңǵѹӣһĵѡȱ¡
ĿƺѡһּɡȻȱ΢΢⣬ʣ밢ʲôϵ
ĪȾ΢΢һͣ漴ǵЦԽԽջ֡
ûʲô⡣
ѿǸˮ¥̨ȵ¶õɵϡ
ҹһǳУ˼ҹΣǰŸֻ棬йȥڣáҲԼδ
ϣʲô֯ĪȾܹ˳һȻ뿪ǡʵϣ֯˾໥ȥ
ƺǱԼηε뷨ѡһֱһô뷨ҲԼȣȻ֯µʱ򣬲ܹͬһУ߱ȥˣһȥ
ݶͻȻϸСĶջ˼Ȼˡ϶˵ģѾȵòͷ˻˭һ㣬Ѽûɡ۰Ҳֻ˿ƥУһһڵѪޡ
ֹһˡ
һˡ
һֽѵˣȻĳ̶ȡô˵ҲûаѪһܹƷǼȻѪ޻аףôһڱԼͺܲˡΨΪǿ
ںڰԾ𣬴ݶ߶ֱӹһֲ
䲻һ˲䣬㹻һˡ[Ѫ]֣Ҫֻһ˲䡣ȻģһεѪޡ
Ѫ޼ͬһʱѾӦַѪ޵ʵ밢޼һԾɶ԰Ѳ
ǣͻȻѷɵͬʱϮѪ޺һ˶ȥѪ޷ֵȴѳûУһѱɵʺɵȱµһģһѲͷĪȾӰںҹһ
˼оӦѪޣס
ʱݶһ죬Ѱáͷδ뿪Ȼ밢һʱѾ쿴
ȻѾѪޣѿûȤƽ׼ˣסѪޣ̽κйͰ顣Ͱ֮飬ֻԼ
ٽѪ޷ѨԼʱݶǸ䣬ΪѪغӰ
ѹӣʲô£ʲôˣѾݶİѣͷʵ
ûлشֱӽʬ嶪ȥ
ʬ΢΢ü㡭ɱģ
ҪץסǵʱͻȻ˷ɵɱˡ
ĬĬͷûбҪȥѵĻǼ١ڲݵͷˣڽϵ飬ֻҪû˼ٸգһֻ۱һֻ۵ġȻҹϮ֮ǰɱģҲ߸
мһʬ壬ûзʲôҲ޷ȷǷ϶йء
̾˿һȥ˯ɡ
ԭΪ϶ˣ޴׷Ѱûָ֤ֻô˽ˡ˭֪¥ҲԾɲ̫ƽţǶպˡ
ѵͷطһ۵ϵѪޣ鷳ҲʵôȷѾطֵãѪޣԺԾȥ
ŷַ䰲ŵĲ֮ĸĪȾĸȱ¡߶ҪСϸһԥûȥĪȾķ䣬ֶȥȻڴĪȾѾ˶һۣûж˵ʲôѪطѨãһͬҡ
غˣ̽ӡѪ޶ĪȾİѿԤû̫ƽӿԹˡ
ڶһ˴ʬ壬ڴ˵¹ͬ£ΪɱŲ顣
ŵ̧ʬ߹⣬յȱ¸ǰ֯ˣõģκ⡭
ͷĪȾǳǳ΢ЦŴѹӵķˣ԰ȥ𡣡
ףΪʲôҡ
¥ﶼǼ粻ֲ֮ˣʵڡȱ֡ѹʹ˲ѾۣԸæ
ôôᣬȥֵܣͺúϢˡ
ѿĪȾǳЦȻĿȥҲֻһ˲֪Цݵµ[ͼ]
㡭ǹ֧ʹӽ֯İɣ
ôӽ֯ô
ȱѡԼǰѣֻ[ԼͰ]ɲӽ
΢΢ߡǣǲϸ˲õ||||
֮ļ֮ڣҪ׼ͬȱ˵仰ʱ򣬾аﲻæ֧ʹȥȱµ½ҲŰƬ
ȥ鷳֮ļ죬ǰС
Ȼ֪Σȥȴ̰ͼݵİ
ɽϵӣˣҪҪȥͻ˳ʣֻƺڳļ˶ûʲôڴı顭
˵ͻˡʵڴʲô¡
ɵһһɨĪȾϣشȥÿ궼ȥͻģǽꡭ
ðɣȥĪȾðûа취ѯʵؿˡȻûѺ֯Ҳȥɨ¡
һвˣȥ˳⣬ӣʢʱͷ׺ŭź׷Ʈʱ׳ҵĳ档ȱվӣ£һȹӣӣҶӳţ·ȻƮ㡣
ѡɰŰƲˣȻòȱºĪȾҪ˻ġ
ĪȾվȱ±ԶһֱΪ㵭ȻŮӸʺԶɽ̺ļžҲһ绨Ůӣ׳ҵķ׷仨Уب
߹ȥͷ仨ȱһ˲Щ㱣ͻȻˣԼᱻԭ򡭡мںСʱͱ͵ߣСǲõģֻģӡУƺҲأȻƹӡ
Ӳֻż
ΪЩѾû壬ԭȻӰĸ顣
ȱ£ڣò֣ʱڡ
Ժûʲô㣿
㡭
ôһֱ͵ѹһĴƯȥô˼Ժ󡭡
ʲô¹Ҫ֯¥𣿡ͻȻչɤŵôУ֯һ֪Ǻ˼ҵĹȻ¥ȥǵ׻Ƿ糾֮أôһ˵֯ĸĸߣ¹ˣתȱµƲѾںˣ֯ɡ
ûȱ£ĪȾȻȻز֮䣬ɡ
ƳĪȾһ̧ۣͷƳһۣһ̧ͷĲȷǱĺԡǲǰѵĴˡ
Ѻ˿ƾƣֱߵȱߡ
ȥǱɡ
ѹӣǱλխСδӵ֯߰ɡ
ȱ̧ͷȴûкͰһǱߡһûƢô
ɴൽԱ£ǳãеκһ
ĪȾ΢㵣ת΢ЦҲֻܻصԼλƾơ
²кȱ£ֻǵû̫Ӧӣ֮УӦ˵ӼȱµŮװʱʼѾһֱûлعˡſţѿڶ֯Ȼҵͷʲôٶ
ţȱ²ôͻȻ˵ôûͷûԵĻֻĵ˵ꡣ
ҵͷҲЩͷǸǰûʲôӣҵǮǹˣҼҲʵ
˵Щǡ
Ǹ֯롪

39

Ǹ֯롪
ͷĪȾȻشĻϵľѾˣ԰æȥȡһ̳ôȻʾ䣬ȴƺݾܾ
ָָԼң
ðɣȥ˻ˣССδͷȾơȥȥɡƺҲĪȾ֧ʹˡ
ȥȡ˾ƻҪղŵĻ⣬Ǹ֯롪
˵һ룬ѾƵһ߶һ֮䣬ϵľ̳ͷȡ
ϵİһھЩͱ߿ȱЦȥˡ
˵ֵܡ
˿ǣƣ˵֯Ĺϵô
ѺƣѾƱһţ껨ˣȥҲ˵Ĳ죬ȱ£жϵ˹һﳤȥ
Ŵ͸㲻ĪȾȴ仨̲סЦ
Цȥ׷
ĪȾ߰ŨЦ⣬޷ģصȻͼˡ
ɣ
ɶǸ㻹ȥŪƥǲܻȥء
ʱ뵽ţ̽ȥһƥɴҴȥĪȾŽذȱ¶ȥķ򡭡
׻ǲ뽫ȱ½ô
ƥһ·ȱֻŵŨŨļ̌ͷȥɫ顣ѲǰȾƣ˲˽ľɫôͻȻôĪľٶ
ӭķ΢΢ʹֻܰİѣ̫ϤҲܻ䣬ûоñȦڻʲôס
ѣȥĶ
û˵ô
¥
˵ˣǻ¥Ҫ¹ǣ
һ·ǣص¥ʵ˵ȥʱ뵽ȴСǸӵСԺϲֻΪֽ֯Ųʺũ
ǡһ˻ȥû֯ڵСԺƺҲܱΪҡˡ
סԼûмȥȻڱȱʱԾ̲סһ˼ȫϰ˺֯һ֮Ļܹô
ѣ
ȱµŻع񣬷Լôű񣬼æǷǷ֡ſԹھ̫ԴЩӦٶۡ
ѡƺȷе㲻Ծġ
ƺûʶȱ˵ͷ˰Σȱű̲̰㲻ʵǳǳͻȻǲ˼ʲôѿڶԭΪ˿̣ԼûʶʱѾ
һ㷢ƭ㡪ҲƭֻҪ£᲻ң
ȱĲΪͻȻôʣˣ𣺡ԭɣ
ԡһˡ
֣һֱţҲ֪á
һգ֪أ
Ҿ͵ţԸ졣
ң
ȱҡͷϾҲ鲻㣬Ҳҡ
ǣһ죬Ҳòƭ㡭㻹ԭ𣿡
һǵţȥԸҽ͵ʱ򡣡
Ѽȱ£ȱԽĪȴϢͻȻƽͷȥȱµĴֱһ̣ĴҲԾľګ֮Уֻж
΢̵ĴУ΢Ϣȱˡ
һ̣ȴΪĴУȻҾƵԣȻѡ
ٿɿȱȥ·һһ˫۾֪ˣΪǱᱡǸ
һˣˡոʲô
˲ɣȻ֣֯
һҧתĶӡ

ҪӵĻȱȻ׷ϵġҲû׷˵ʱԼȻ״̬ת˼״̬Ȼ֣ʵڲһ˼ĺõط
ǸմӺŽݱȻĴ඼ǰкˣһںԺ߶ԸղһĻڻġ
ȱ̧ͷɨһۣ˱æװʲôû߿ˡ
ȱ°Ͱ˩ط䣬غţ£ſʼ˼˼ٳ˼
ˣˣ뵱µʱʮֲŸһһξ򲻵ˡ
Ȼѵһ׳١ȻĪȾ˻֮ǰѾһ㴷ض㣬Լûܾϻ¹쵽ֵϱôˡһץסĪȾ䡪ڻüȥ
ĪȾǳǳһЦˣѾûʲôˡ
ܳ־Լ磡֯ûӦѹأʶ磬ҪʲôҲˣ֯ûʲô˼һܷ
ĪȾһͷҡҡͷȻһЦ㻹Сʹȱ֮ǰ԰ѲйģֻҪʾˣûʲôᡣҲֻܷˡ
ֻĪȾ飬ȴҲ΢΢ʧ䣬νʵԱ塣
һֱϰѶû¶棬Сȥ֪ͨĪȾ֪ڳﱧžƹӷʡֻ˰֣˵ȥûܽƽﷴʡȥ
һߵľƽѸɴһ̳ƾٹͷͷ¡
ʲôһ˵֯ϲһȴ˻ҵ顪ҲƵôϲ֯ôƺǴûпǹ⡣
ֻǡζԵʱƺʲôңԼжĪ
ͻȻܵƺЩ֯ڿҲܻҰɡͻȻ£֪ô֯ϲģӦĪȾɡȴΪľٶպ˹˼ô
˵ĻġֻһΣԼԼ˵Ļ˽ŵ¡
ħɣ
һ˺ȵҹȴûһҲûСԽͬûֻǱҾƺͲ֪ľ˴ԡûԣֻʣ±ܡ
ӦöѾ˯£߳ȥԼķ䡣
ķûеƣҲŨŨֲָʹҾ˴ԣıȻˣ
ָоϤŲݷѹվſڣûмߣȴرաӵķ򣬼ʹ۾Ȼ֪
ʯһĵ͵͵ģȴ񣬴Ӻڰ֮д
Ϊʲô
㻹ˡ
¹⽥͸ţӰڵĴ͸һߡ
ڰУֻܹǸ½ǴƵǳƣڰɫϡ
һֱϻȥܲ΢΢Ц⣬ֵ׽ѹ٣뿪Ѿˣʱ˵أ
̾ҲûдȥҲѾ࣬һ
һЦ޵ôܸȣùͶģֻ㣬Ҫһеˡ֪ߣҷߣȥ߿ҲͰˣϾСڰѵ³󣬳ɱ˵ʱ֮⼸뿪󣬳Ҳкôġ湻ˣҪġ
ֻøû취ͨѵԼ˵ò˵ˣԷҲİɡ
㲻ȥΪǸŮˣ
һ㲻ΪУͲҪ⣡
ڰ￴Էı飬ǰ֪ЦһƿУһ
ģŮҲϡ
΢΢ü仰ʲô˼
ڲҿٸ㼸졣סЩӹǲͬģ۾úÿԶЩӹӹµµеһԱҪƿصĶЩһĪġ
ĺһ˵ûȤûСͽһ쿪ʼҪĶ˵עû塣˵ˣȴû˻˵ٱҲһ
Ǹ˲С鷳͵͵Цٴ𣬡Ѫסİɣ㲻ˣѵҲνȴû˳ȥ[]ˡҪ棬ͰЩ£ֱȥΪֹ
üȻûô׷Ź֪ʲôôѪɱ¾֮Ѿ񡣶ֻڱȣŰԼŵĵ·
ҲȥЩ
ô˵㣬ȻҲкôЩǸȤġ
Ҳ֪
Ŷǡô
Ѵ󾪣ǰһ
֪[]֪ӹҩܹõ֯ˡɶԷӵУֻû뵽ڰĽ֪ĴڣǣӰ֮ʼΪܹưȷңȻӵиּɷʵԵĶ[][]Ȼҽտ֪ƵķҩȴǸΪ[]ʧ꣬ԭС
ڰƬ̳ĬƺǸ˶ڰѹ֯һܲ⣬Ծûж˵ʲôȻ㡪ȫֻҪұһԼúÿǣһ˸ϵϺѪޣʲôʱģٷǱǡ
ȵȣʶԷҪǰȥȴֻץһգǸ˵ӰѾӴӳתѾʧ
ѺݺһȭϣѵֻٿţٴλصȷѪ֮ȥ֪ԼԸǸˣʹô꣬ǰȻûʤ㡣

40

ΪѰԼҪ뿪ڼ֮֯ҵˡ
ֻ룬֯һûнûз粨ƽѣ˶ѡ
ѾĪȾؿоֻƾͿ֪ˡ
£ɡ
ѴӴ룬ϵľŨþմӾƸ̳һĪȾЦ㲻ǰ¥Ĳؾƶȹ˰ɣ
ԵЩƣЦ£ûӦ
ʲô£
¹Ѫޡ
ôôͻȻ
ˡ
ĪȾ΢΢˶٣ѵ㲻õģ϶Ȼϵó㣬δϳ
ĪȾͷȻ˵ûҲ˸˲һλȻӴ࣬Ҳ档ֶκ[]й֮޲
[]Ѷӡ󣬻ٵÿ
Ҳ뵽ϾĪȾ[]ʱʮǰȻǸ˻Ρ˹ãҲһδȶʱթ˰ε˶˽⡣ܹ϶⣬סҲ
ȥİɣѵȥˣ㻹¡Ҫʲô
ѼЦǰˣ˽
Ӱ룬ȴûб׷ɱģֻһˡĪȾ˿ѣûǴӦòΰļ̳ѡɣ
ѵ˳ĪȾʵҺ֪㡪ûթҼθֱӽθ㡣ֻ֮µһ油
òԻȥˡ
ĪȾһЦȴϷңء̾ãʱҴҡȴǲеģȱ¾ڸڣ˼ѾҪСģڵĻأܲȱ¡Ҳֻܵȵȱ²ڵʱ
ѻ֪ȱµݡĪȾڰûע⵽ʱ΢΢üֻ֪Ѫޣû֪Ҳ޴̸𰵸Ϊİˣ֪һеġ
Ĭȥĺ𣬾ðѺȱº֪ദȥ
ѡ
ʲô
ûʲô
ˣҪʱ򣬻ǲҪ鷳ˡȴ֪ܲԼԼסһ
֪ѾˣѾ̲סɫ֯һôײˡ
Ȳ֪ô֯ԼһĪȾͲý͡
Ҵ˵˾䣺¹һһ̸æشĪȾ֪ܳûͱճŵȱ¿΢΢ɻؽһѣ
еͷҲһأֱӵûӴ¡
ԵôǣΪʲô񿴵ǴĪȾġ벻ȷ£ôΪʲôһܣΪЩҪһµ
Ҫ׷ѣȻ׷ϵġֻеÿĵطͶ
ǰѻطῴȥῴȥé޻ῴӵԣڽ֮£ô׽ԲƵȥȱµǳܲˡƫƫȱһ׷ͼȥļƣ˿ûд
ֻԼӱҲǰ취һϰȾܵʱӲջȥȣȴȻһͷ
ڲˣȱ²糣߹Ȼûб¶ʲô
ѡ
ûлӦ
ǲӦ̸̸
ĬĬͷ
ǡ
ģȻˡ
֯
룬ҪŪô˼ֻģ벻̫סϲô֮ǰûо֮ͷº󰢵һֱţ⡣Ҫ˵ѲϲΪʲôҪ
Щ¹Ȼ鷳û˿Ըıһ벻ףҲͲ֪μ˼⡣Ȼˣֱʱ˲ݼ˵ķô
ݼ˵ķȻðԽѿ֪λشϲ֯ԼԼͣϲ֯ʲôᱡ˼ô
֯ҡ
ѣԲع˼ңֱӸ˵Ϳˡһʱ𣬻ƺ̫ѣôʱһֱ˼չҶûлȥҸŮ飬Żһʱ嶯Ҷ⡣
һ⣡ÿ˵һĵǴ֮֯˵ģֱޡ
ְ֯סļ硣ô
˵Ϊ
ת˼Ȧ֪֯ôڡµաͷڸף֪ɣ
ôڸô
ȱ΢΢ɻı飬Ѹȱ˵Ҫֱ˵׵ġȷڸס
Ŷ
Ҳϲ
ŶȻǺףԾɵͷҲӦͺˡ
¹Ҳ˼
֪ôͻȻ
˵ϲұ㡪˵ûҲ˵ġ
㣬Ҳ֪
ǣҷˡ

̾˿սֱۣڱ֮ڣͷľѣģȱȴҶ
û취뿪Ҫϲˣϲô
Ĭ˰Σȱ˵ʲôˡ
ĪȾԶԶĿƺһʼľڿǡ
˵ôǸ˼ôʲôˣġ
ļ죬ȴӰ顣
ȻߵʱȱҲϺܺõģ֮Уȴʲô˾ò
֯Һȸƣž̳ӷԺеʯϣк
ǼһӴУʵֵ̫ˣ˵Ĺϵˣ˵ǡ͹һھƣ֯С۸㣬ңȥ
۸ôе㲻
ȱ¾ȣ㲻֪ΰοˣֻһΰˡ
һԵʯϣҲ¾Ʊתͷ򰢵ѵķšȻڣȥȥҲʱڣǰصȣ֪ܻѲҪģһСڣƺûа취Ȼ顣
ôʹţԾ̲סĹÿһ˶ô
ȥС˷Լķ䣬һԺߣҲӲǲʺϵȴֻϲ
֮ճɶһݣҹ͵ѵķ䣬ߵſʱ΢΢פ㣬ûеƣ֪ˡ
ԥһ£ƿţ˱ǶѪ΢΢һ١ˮϴ֣ɺԵѪˮȾʺ졣
̧ͷȱ£һ˲ľת˲ȥǳǳ¶Цݡ
֯һºͣƺļµѪ˿ڡ
ˣ
ûС
ȱûʲôҲûʲôҪʣֻʳ̷ϡ
ƺںڰϵһ²ۡҲΪĺڣѪصĺڣһжûɡ
ѲûΪȱײʲôڣȻ£ȱʢꡣȻ΢Цţ̧ͷ˵֯ѰһֺҩĽӦκõġڣʼơ
šӦһ·ǴǻֱӷһػصһĨЦ߸֣΢΢Ŀ࣬΢΢ů
˵ʲôѾ˽⡣
ѿЦݣõЦȻ˿оģֻЦůͿɬӵ͸ЦҲһġ
ģܹκ֯һѾߵ£ʲô⡣ůůĿ࣬֯ģֻԸƽ֡ͷûʲôģܿͺˡ
ʲô[ܿͺ]ˣ
ŨŨѪϢſֱɢ͸
֪Ѫ
ͽɢŵ㣬أЩҩĵϢ
ֽŵĻȻЩʱҲ֮ǰǰʹֻҪ뵽ҩܵ޷еɡЩʲôǷͻȻҩйء
ĪȾȱԺź߹ȥˣɴȥϹ䣬һԺ
ȱҪҡͷȴ΢ЦŲݷȥɣȥܺùһ˺˼롣ȥ
ĪȾĺ⣬ȱûپܾ
ûþʰ׼ţܹ֯ȥ
ȱǳǳЦ£߰ɣһô
һȱµһǵһοŮװġ֯ЦЦӺܺÿ
ϧôÿˣȴѹˣùװ׶ϱѾȫǰѲǴһʼȱߵˡ
ǸŲסˣһߣһʵ֯Ĳϲǹˣ
⺢ӡϲϲҲ˵䲻һС˵İɡ
ûеõشȴȻûзһ·ੲݣȻñȵѹӺõȥôҲвҵġ䵱ȻǱȵѹӴЩ˵䣬ͷǸѹ൱Ż췹ԵģЩ糾ˣӦӴ˾ͿԹƽˣǸõѡô

41

Сĺܳ
ȱȥޱͷһѣɲҽżæԼͷû˼ȥ
ôءȱȻҪƽȴܸһͨһ𡣶ĪȾ΢΢ĶѾ⣬ȴûпܡ
Լֱۣ֮˵ὫƵ[ͨ]ֻ[]ѡʹѾʹҲ·ڸ֮µѾҲ̶ã߲˺עû취ƽؼˡ
ģϵģӲ֪֮µĲаܡ
ǰȫ֪ġÿһ˺ۣҽιϹԺҪߡѲ⣬ôҲԸһªˡ
ĴߣȱֻЩ˿ߣ׼ѱָ
òЩʱСȥǳ޺һ鹫Ϻõľ㲻֪ʲôʱ͵͵滻Ť˵Ʒ
Щ飬ѾңԶˡ
ͷԼϵɫ˿ߣɫĴ䣬ȴߵɾȵ˵һǲǵѹ𣡣
ȱ̧ͷȻӭȻŻһŮ˵ЦΪġȻҲѾǣȴȻӶͬߵŮ˵
һ龰һſڱҪȥۣȱ°кݺһѣֹǰȥȻЩȴǸĺӣ̸ȱװ£밢ѲӶ
߹ʱŮӹеʵô
û£߰ɣȥǱ߿
˽ԶȥȱҲɣӿ˽Ų
ֱߵ㹻ԶɲʵΪʲôҪôô졣
ȱµΪҲ뺦
ʲô˼
ȺмڸǡȻ֪ѾʲôֻҲ֪ô
ĸоȣģҶûз֡֯ô
ȱͷ㻹СȱپˡԵĺӣ¹꣬˲ˡ
ֻǻ𷽲ŵΣǸŮһ֪[]ֲ֣[]ǣ[﹫]ҲǡôһǼٵء
ǻȥɡȱҪһ뿪ͻȻ΢΢һ΢߹ָ߸ϵңԶȱһһļ¡Ϥ޷ǡ
ᡭôôɵ¡
֯
ȱƽһ̫ˣҲֻһ
û£߰ɡ
ص¥ĪȾںȲ裬ƺǻ
˿˵ɫЦʣôòģ
˵ǽڽϡһһʮ˵˸ĪȾϵЦ˵۾ȴȱ¡˵꣬ɵļ磬ȥЩʱǰ滹кЩȥȥɡ
ޡ֪ĪȾδôԼŻҪææ⣬Ҫ֧ءǹԹԵˡ
ĪȾ˿ȱ£ﲻ
ҲᡣЩɵġ
ʹ㣿
ҪңȻҲҵɡ
ĪȾЦˣ뿪Цôߣеϧ㵱治¿ô⻰ȷ˼ֵǡΪԼˡ
ȱȴֻһ䣺¹˵Цˡȱ¼ȻûоܾѣȻԼӦص[]ĪȾ۹ȥΣǲκ˼ġ
ǰȷ˵ЦˡȻһʼûĴ㣬αصڲſʼءǣȱԼߣȷԱδԵĳ档ϣǸˣܹ⡣
һ죬һֱûл
ڶʱɨСڰѵķҵһźһҩࡣԼ˵Ҫ뿪죬֯Ҫõҩ֮ǰ
ӹһҩʱȱ··Сɵĺ֣漴ĬĬս
ҩԼҲ˵֮ھͻ
Ȼ죬ҴˣҵͷŵضＸ䡣ȱ¡ĪȾһ۵Ļ㱨󾪣ĪȾ򵥽¶Ѫ⼸սˮԽܱߴɱ䣬ҹڱ׽ˣҲ˲أȥЭѺȸǣ
ĪȾ΢΢һ٣Ӧһ΢΢ü
Ѫޱ׽ôܣô׾ͱٸ׽סѪ޵šѪôһ
¹ȱ¿ɫһ˿˿ĻɣˡͻȻתߣĪȾһסȥĶ
ȥȷϡ
ŵȷϣ
ȥ취ܲɵȡȱ˵üĪȾԾûз֡Ȼȱ£ҲǸ˵Ͼ书ʧ˶ûкȫôܷȥðա
ٵȵȣҲǰѣͻˡ
ֻǻҲȷô򷽲ţ㲻¶顣²ⱻ׽ǰѣΪΣѪˡ¹òҪҡ
ĪȾ̾ȷȻѲȱ֪ȱһ˲²⣬ʵ飬źô㡣
ûѪˣΪѲٵѪޡ
ǡѪޣôЩΪƵҩΪҪЮðȥ飬ʲôˡΪ׽ǰѣ
ԣΪѪǾᱻ׽ġ־飬۶ҪɱĿ껹ΧۣһӲɱԼץǡ
ǰѲôġȱ½ӹĻѾɱ¾˷ɱɵˡЩۣ֡
ټϽıʱƣ͡ûпܡ
ȵȥپȱ»֣ȥǣһƥȥ
ĪȾվԭذΣҲôһ˲䣬һȥġ
ǣﻹ[ĪȾ]ֽ¥̫õ˼Լ֡ѡĴ[]ƻ
ȥһֱԱ߱ųĬ׼طſʡ
ĪȾפ㣬Ϊ΢ЦʣΪҪȥ
Ϊȥô
ĪȾͷСӡЩط
ȱ¸ϵ֮󣬱Ÿĵط쿴
ǰѣȥ鿴ҲԻǸ۲ϵѪޣȴǼѪޣҲϵðѵġ
ҲΧѪʱĿ깲ˣһһŮΪ׽˹ٱ˴룬ʹеŮԾڻˡԭĲͷҲԴ˷ǰҲְʱΪָӡ
ȱڸ¥Ϲ۲ɫԽԽӾҲˡ
æµһ̧ͷȻվǰȺȱ£滣һת¶˸Ц֯ô
ȱûЦֻԭ֪
ġ
ǰǸˣȻӦ֪һʼѵʱԼҲȵòУǰװʶӣʲôֱտڲ𣬸Ҳֻ״
ͷҸط̸ɡ
ͷϵȷ˵ĵط˾ƹˣȻ˼Ʋˣȴûʲôθڳԡ
ֵ֯ܺѪ޾ʲôϵ
ûйϵȱµģȴ϶
ΧѪ޵ĵطץ֮һҲ˵
ҲδѪްɡңû˼Ѫޣû֪٣ٸ֪ΧıѪءȱ˾ƣݸ
μѪַѪһģһǰھȻһҴߣѪ޵ֶαضٴ׷ɱϾɱŲŲһ׽á
ȱϣνɱַʵ˸ֶιŹֻصģҲ˶١ɱŵģֺֹѪޡܼѪ޻һ˭֪ЩѪжѪΪжǴϣжԶﴫʡǲѪޣѵʶô죬ͷûһΣ
Ҳֵ֪Ϊ˿ͣôѪɱ֣һ仰Ҳ˵ҾҲ޴Ӱ𡪡
ȱ³ĬƬְ̣֪ΪˡʶһֻܰæһʱһʱϾû֤˵Ѫޣ˵ת
ȻҶѣֵǱԩȻῴŲܣ
ݺݹһھƣȱ΢Цл
һȻãûСȻ߲ͨǾֻеȴѪ޵ĶǲѣȻֻԸûһ
ȱһֱû뿪ڸĿջѰһܹεķ䣬ʱʱעšҹ˲źڴСƬ̣ΰ֮䣬Ϥļµɢô䣬ôԶȻǸ˾ߡߣ
ȱȻȻ߲ûˣֻһ˵ĺ΢΢
ѵֻô
޵޷

42

һѱ˯ţڿȥȴҹӰΣſڵѾᵹڵءǹȻˣ
ȱ¼æţջǰѹأӺ˳
Ӱ˲ϢطŵУЩ˵أ֪Ѿٲ˼޹Щȴ
ű򿪣һӰţæȥˣȷʵûд󰭣һĺڲһǰ
㲻ôˣΪʲôҪΪ˲Щӹ˶ԼˣܡΪѶԼΣ֪ôݺǲͬģ
ֻĬȻЩʵڲ˵ʲô
һ𣬡߰ɣ֣ٱ̾ͻᵽġҲºڲѪޣ߽η˰ֽϵ
ѸһſھȻԴǰεسһһأԼ߲ˡ
ˣһӰͻȻڣֽȥۼһۿ߹ȱ£æס֣
ߵ߹ȥ֯ôܵ
Ҳ˵ʲôʱͻˣô۾ɨΧˣƣֻ£˳㻹Ҫ˵İɡ
ѵˣȱ¹Ȼ񣬵ȴǺԱˣҲı䲻ʲô
ԣȱʵصͷֻǹ˲ˡ
ɶ˻飬ûһҲ䵽Լϡƺֻȷϰƽѣı˲ȥǡһԳ侲һԼҲơ
ģڷӴȷȫ뿪çײܳ
ƣȴЦˣȻΪǷǣȴЩϲôȻ侲Գ֣Լˡˣڣܲ
ѪޣϵˣҲΪѪ޵ʱ򡣼ʱкЦˣ
ǰŮɫ΢ٴμʱȻĸı䣬ȴǸ˵ġȻ˿ЦݶһˣԭЦһ[]
ûжʱĥˣ߰ɡ˵ʱһѾȱȷǰ֡
ǣŮҲ˿ʾʲô
ѻعͷȴҡͷ£ûдȥתת
ˣѾˣʲôͬ˵ɡ
ȱ¸еɫ΢䣬תɫˣȻؽȱµȻȱȻܹ̣¹߱ߵİɫĳϣô䣬ôҫ۵İסͬðʯص̣һ˿覴ã¹ԽĲˣߣԶû߽ѾܸоɢѹȽ㣬䣬ԶȱȫӲ
Ǹ߽¶һгƵº͵Цݣ˲ˣ裬㼸ʱôĴˣ
ֻǲٸȥһˡ
˵ʲôɵôٻصȥ裬֪ȻҵĵܵܣֻǼ̳常ѪˣҪƵĲǰ󣬶еһСһУģӴ߸ûܶ㣬ôٺ͹ȥһ
һٺ㲻ΪʲôƫִЩҶûȤȻһн㣬ȻģҲҪֻ뿪ȵӡ
ǸϵЦݽת䣬裬ΪСڰѵܵ泤ʶԽкôҪЩӹһѾܶʱ䣬ûٵȥˣһȥˣˡ
üҪ˵֯޹أȴĿڰȱϵ軹ûʽСɩɣΪңҲʵڲôʱǰɣ֯
һ͵ȥȱ£ȴȱѾҰɫͬ޷ŵĿŰѡ
Ǹ˵ĵܵܣ¥ĵܵܣ
ʲôΪԼõԼĶ֮ȴһЦô
֯Ѳ뿴ȱеĶʲôһ̣·[ʧȥ]ѾǰȱʶһԼĽȴǧ޷һ
ղž˵ʲô˵֯˭
檡Сɩ
ôġ
ƺʲôһһĶ
衣
µһ¥¥ǰ¥ĶӡӲͬžѪĶӡ
С㱻¥ͽ󣬽ѵѪ
ӱ˵ѪЩոһյ֪ԼΪʲôΪʲôڳ룬뿪֮ǰûӵеĶ
Ȼӵһ֮ȴԭԼȻǸ˵Ĺ֮䣬δ롣
СͿõҲòϵĲ࣬Ǹ֮ԶҲ׷ϵľ롣ԼǿһվǰȻɶ޷ѡ
֪Ҳ֪Ϊ¥ѡŬ¥λӣԼ밵Щ£⣬Թޣйһ˿ǣֻ죬һ̣֯ҲͬΪ֮һΪֹ
У˿˿̳
ӳŵ֯ӰȥԶ壬ʹ̶̼ľֻͽ͡ˣĺ֣һģͿǧ
֪֯;֮Ĺϸֻ֪ߡ
֪Ѿ㹻ж
ȵȡתٿ֯žҿʱȥǷߣ
裬ڻûʸ̸¥֮λҺټұߡ
ǵģҲҪ
ˣһʼ¥ġ常еϣԲŽ͵ĥ谵ȴЩҪĸۣܹøǿ
ЩҴ֪Ҫֻһļ̳ˣѾ㹻
ǰһý£ȫȫ˵ļ̳ˣο໹Ҫȥһ
ЦҪ˵ɵ常¥ҴܣΪгһմΪһɫļ̳ʱܹһǿ¥һ㣬԰ݡԣ۾ɨȱ£ֲҪˣҲֻԳԸﲻҪĲ֡߶㲻ϵļϸǽҰɡ
һ֮ʱѾǰסʣ֯ϵˣ㡪
Ȼû˿ŭƺڰѣԶºȴ˿ݷ
裬Ϊʲôˣֻҵ檣ҲǰȴǸϸҲǰԼȥѣʲôҿɲ֪
ԼˣȴҲˡ
һʼȱ¾֪ԼҪӽʲôˡûйҵ뷨СȥԼ񣬽ˡǼȻʧܣӦ֪ԼҪܵĺ
һΣٻصȥйصκһ
ߣպвѡȻҲһ㣬Ҳ
Ŀ򰢵ѡͬһʱ䣬ͬиӦһ㣬ĿеļᶨѾ㹻˵Ըӵ˲䣬κεľ룬ʧǰѣֻǰѣ޹ݡ
֮ҪԵǷֱıѾȥһȹӡ
ѵ΢΢Ȼƺȱµ뷨ǣҪֻܹȱ뿪ܲܳɹҪһԣʹС
ͻȻԱߵİɱȥһеĽͬѪڰĹˣһѪѾӦȥԶ⣬ͬʱӦˡʤǶֻ֣Ҫ滹ڿ֮ڣ㲻֡ǣ
ӵȱһԵլСֻҪܲڴ˴
Ƕ˵ͼɱһšŮ˶ԾӰȻѾ˴̫͹ˣ
ͬģ[Σ]ôҲһ
ͷһ΢Цŵȴȱӿ뿪ܹķΧ֮⣬ٿȻԾȥ
סȱ£һסֱۣһֻס̧Լ
Ȼ˵书ʧǲ٣ʵϧЩΪ񣬻ȥѱģʺ㣬ҼŮУ㵹һ
¥ҪģһѱΥż˶ѣ
ôҵżϵͻȻӴǿȱµ򢣬ڱЦ֮䣬һҩǻǿ¡
ҸЦûɱ㣬㻹ܳǰһЩĹִûа취
ҩǡ
Уܸߣ
ȱ͵˦壬ӵȥѾϡ
ͻȻ֮һ籷ȱµȥһɵ漴ձܹȴǵ籾ȱ¡
նٴγһϰ籣һץȱ£ȻһӰ֣ȱȻء
ӿ籵һȱѾ֪˭΢΢̧ͷ¹
ֻ벻Ȼϲ֡
û뵽Ҳҳסʱ򡭡ĪȾ̾û취ֲܡ
ĿͻȻֵˣ΢΢üȻٴγ֡һΣȴȱ£ǲĪȾȻֻǶ̶һ˲䣬ĪȾĹȻ͸ӰӣṦͬϲῴ

43

ĪȾȱ£彻ֻòٴξ壬ܹѾڶǰ
Ҿյ蹦ߣ
ĪȾ˿е˲ס߿İѣӦɵӲţһյ裬Ϊʱɵʹʱȱʱ䣬̱ȱ·ȥ
¹
лȥ˵ĪȾͷȱ˵һ䣬㲻ٿȫʩչṦ
¥ֱӴȱȥԼķ䣬ܺİţ滹һӡ
ɣʱ㲻¶棬бҪĻһᰲ㾡뿪Ҫܿͻ찵ûг֣ô˵Ѿ֪δ
ȱȻΪһҹ֮䷢Щ޷ܣ̧ͷĪȾ¹һоô£ѪȻ⵫ǲ⣬ôǾĵܵܡ
£ȾһЩҶ㡣
ȱһ£Լڲŵʱ򡭡
¹˵Ӧ[֪δ]
ԡȷ[Ӧ]ֻ֪ûȥ롣ȷǾĵܵܣȷе˵ܣ衣ϵ˶֪岢ǰ¥ӣֻӡ¥Ӵδڽ¶棬¥Բ¥ʧٶһ˵ʵǸһֱڣֻǴСͽ˰ΪѪޱˡ
ʵһֱ¥ġΰĸ¥ֵܻŵΣҲΪ¥ͽΪ̳а壬û뵽ȻǱѡеļ̳ˡңҲҲɡ׿ΪѪʱ̸ѵıԱϾǸܹˡ
¹¥ͰϤڰϢ˵ܲ͸磬Ǳ¥ôҲ̽һĪȾȴƺһжϤ
ĪȾǳЦûҲǰˡƺҲûбҪ㡣
ȱԲ죬˵ͷ
ֻǣĪȾȻԼĪȾһ¡Լ֪¡
ǡȻ¹ǰˣǣ𣿡
岢ûмҡڰʱ¥ڣûʸӴ֮¡Ľ֣ӦҲѾɵˡ
¹ҡ
ǸĻͲ˵ĪȾҿ
ȱһȻˡ
ؿˡǿҩԼѾ֪ʲôˡ
ĪȾ˿΢΢̾ʵҲԼµõ޷ҪЮѣδػ׷Ϊ˽ҩѿ»ԥ
ȱü˼Ƭ̣¹ɷ뿪Ҫ߰ҵȥ
СĪȾᣬܼҲ뿪ңѵһ֪ѾͲвΪˣȻӦȡýҩȻ뾡취㡣ôƾĶۣǻ˵㵱Σ
ȱ΢΢ȻǣǷˡ
һأֻһ·ߡҲˣҵ㲻⡭뵽ôѳΪ¥ôҵĴã֮䡣ȻڣȻᴦԼĳЩǸȨȱ£ֻǡ˵顭
ȱҲףǶݲĴڵġ
û
ѺҲûл
ȱ²֪ΪʲôͻȻ뵽ˮʣƺȥԼʺ޹ϵȻմȴһ鷳
ԭһˣе㲻㡣
ʹù֮ĻָܺãܻǱȲͨǰȴҲްһӦûкܴչ֪Ľǣܴܲͷ
ûϢӣʼϰֵɳ̶ȡһգʹûжչȴȻڳ
ĪȾӲ˵ʲôѶɣֻ˵ǸӲĺӡֻǣǶû𰢵ѡߣֻһΡ֪ʲôʱĪȾıһڷԷϰߣÿպȱһòֻͣһγ緹ǳǳʱ򣬵
Ѿٻ°ɡǲϲ¥뿪һĵطʮ꣬ܿͻιȥġ
ȱ¿ǳǳЦˣ΢΢ȴҡͷ
ҵȰѡ뿪ʱҲϢġ
ĪȾοǵسһȱ»ûзŬļᶨ֣οĻᶼûУʡĵеʧ䡣ôͲ˶ٲء
ķȻĪȾڣû𣬱㲻̫ҺþĪȾҲϰͬסһ
ҹѾ˯£ȴůůĦѡ˯˲ѣҲΪȻ̫Ϥûо
۵ʱѾ֪ῴº͵Ц
ҲΪںڰ۾һ̶޵ı˺Ͳᣬǳ˿塣
ѣ
һ㣬˳ɻڰܵͣᡣȱ֧ʵ㻹Ҫߣ
šʱҪ뿪һӡӻóһСƽǵҩЩƱҩʱû취õǲ̫á
ȱ¿˿Ҫ뿪
˵Щʱһֱά΢ЦЦȱٹߵĵطԱ𣬿ʱȱȴظоЦ΢΢ʧ˵ͷ𣺡Щ鲻òȥʱ޷չ㡣Ҳͬ˲㡣뿪ֻҪ뿪ߣҲһЩĲὥ÷ģֻҪӣһȥ㣬һж׵ʲô[׵]ȱûʣһҪڲغ٣ҪͷҪ£Ⱥﲻۡ
ȱһЦѲŷԼˡЩô᲻֪
֯߻ûпŵˣ˱㡭
һչԼ
Ȼ仰ûжΣҷѾ¹Ǻ书סӦһ·
ǡ
ҪǷĪȾһô
ϲǷ飬ǷˣҪġĪȾһΪģҪλ
ƺ˼ḧͷЦûϵЩԻỹ㲻õġͷȱµĶͷϣȻ뿪ȽϺãվ޷ĵ¡
һʲôʱſټ
ѡ
оĲȱµ뿪һ㣬εЦſˡ
ðȱµش𣬺ܵȴ档
ҡҡͷ˵ɵףµĶҩǰ¥ΪЧưղ˶ҩֻܴ¥ഫĪȾǰҲ޷̽
ȱȴס֣ؿѣҲ˵ɵһãǶҩа취ġһߣֻҪҵܽⶾ
ѴгԼ֣ס֯¹ݵ¡ȥýҩȻЩʱ䣬׵ķ
ǡأ
ǲҪ
ҪˡͻȻȱ½סЩҪֻҪһ
һȥģһ
ϣһȥԣⲻǷֱֻ롣
ڵҹҹɫȥص֮Ѿ
һֻ۱һֻۣɼǲܵ顣
ҪѾ˰ɣҲ̻¥ȥˡ΢ЦһԸ˰Щڼ˵ϵŰյºȫͬ飬߹ȥվڰǰ㻹Ϊ¶鲻ˣõģֻҪΪ¥ǶҩǽҩȻύ㡣裬ǡ¥ˡ
ѽȭ¥ȥǸѾģĵط
峿¥
ȱ߳䣬ҪȥøڵķţĪȾѾ̧֮ǰ򿪷ţվڶ΢Ц
ϲһϰߡ
¹
ĪȾ˿װ磬һϮɫɫͷüĿ񵭣Ŀ㡣İġν
Ѿ׼·ˡ
ȱµͷǡ뾡·ȥһѡ
ĪȾǳǳЦˣȱµ[]ԼԴУԸֻűһ㣬ĸ͡ȷѲ³Ҫȥҵˡ
Ҫȥ£
ԡѾ˵ãȥýҩȥ¡ֻҪܹ̳²ܽ⣬ұ
ĪȾͷֻǣ֪ȥô
ôȻȻһջȥҪҵ£Ӧá
ѾǽˣˮԽ»֪ڤˮѾһΪֻ˷Ϊıڤڤˮò֣Ц£Ѿڽʧʱˡ
ȱ΢΢һ٣漴ȻȻ֪ʲôҪȥԡ
ã·
¹ûô
ĪȾ΢΢һЦģȻ׽ѶάǺûʲô¡
ʱѾǻĺٲȻһͯ磬ǣȱ¶һЦү·ɡ
ȱ¶ͷתл¹չˣȱ¸ǡ

44

ˮȣһҶۡ
ϰѹȻһˮī˿ţ㿴˻ǡ
ϧ˴õжɣױȴһɵɵؿ
乫ӣ乫ӣӣ
ģʲôӴ״̬бŶڻعٽľ¥֮У꿡ͬ¥ٴżС
˵㿴ʲôأ˵˳ŵĿ⿴ȥѰ˰죬Ϊܿʲôһ࣬ȴһǸ򣬽ֻһһĴһ¹ӺһСͯһϴ
ôˣ

㻹˼ҡ˵˵ż˵ɫһر䣬һһʲôֲ
Ǹ䣬ʲôʱһڡ
˵˵ʲôŭȺѣͻȻ۾鵽ѿǰ¹Ӵһ٣ȴȺ˷ɱ¥˺ããסǾͼˣ
¥Ӱһɫ΢࣬࿴˼ۣޣ
ϵʱǹӵͯҽ˴Ǯ׼뿪ܹȥӣ
¹ӻͷ˲䣬ܾɫ˲һ㱡ܹӳеģֻ̺üĿϤİһʼǾ죬ֹ졭ĪĸоߴһҲͣǿʱþûز
¹ȴڿ˵˲䣬΢΢죬Ȼԭء
ȻӣһǷεĿӣһ续꣬ӳűˮԣӣ续һõ龰
㶵ʧѿ૵ӡơ
һԵͯؿһŻæԾͻЩСͯɵεЦЦ
¹ӶͯǳǳһЦʾްͯջĿ⡣
һЦٴοȷöҵǸ񣬵ǼеȴûЦ
λӣͯٴδĳ񣬡ôҼүðɣ¥Щѣ鷳ǲҪˤҵˡ
һ㵣̧ͷȻ¥¥ĴԼһ쳤˲̽ӣƴƣ·Ҳؿڿʲôǣһʱ[Ŀ]
ͷ˸ʰһʯͷ϶ȥʲôһ߶ȥ
ѻæڣһʱɢ״
ջע⣬ЦЦ԰¹ӱȭͻ֮Ӽ£ֻǡʵںһλʶ
ᡣ
ӣһɣˣǶﲻϤͬС
Ҳ˰ɣһȻҡִļ磬۾ȴһֱڴŰ¹ӣ绹ҡ
һȺѵΨһһƷзļһȷˣʱΪׯֳЩѣԴ˵صϤҲûбǲ
¹ǳǳһЦûȥͻȻðˣ¶νչˡ
һϲֲײ΢΢һ
Ϊλ㲻ԽλӡΪȱµôʹһˣ¡ʹǰȱ²µǣϾ[]һ֣Ṇ̀йЦݵȱ¡
ǶΡһ顱ĸ飬ʵԼҲѾЩҲ塭
񣬶ԱԼһǵ޵Ⱥһһˡ˵겻ЩѣԶνιӣҲ߰ɣҵطš
ν΢ЦͷˡԵͯʾ⡪ûô
΢΢ͷ˿ȻǸ⣬ǣҲȴһ˵Ľݾ
ǴòסʲôջġҸѼһססƨˡӲ˼һõıׯס˶ν˭֪Ϣһ©һȺԼƵȺɧţһүһ顱֮·ĸԴ
ͯһֱԴ״ΪԹȱ¹ҪǸһǸɫߣȺһһӵܡòῴǸŮӲ
ᣬϳŮӣ㲻ɡҪ֪ˡοαװȻĿûȫı䣬ȴǽŮӵľӲǸĳӵûôױԱ
ʶ
Ρ
ȱ¼Ȼô˵Ȼ޻
ǳҲһˣûµϢȴΪʲô
һˣʲôϢ
ԭѾһˡȱ¿ŴԶľɫЩѾϰ˼ż᲻ȱ¹ȥˣΪȥ˼
ˣף˼Ҳһ¡ļ۵ȴֻɢһעĲֻµϢ¥ġȻһߣȴûš
ֻԭصȣʹԼ΢СҲʲô
֧°ͣĿⲻ֪δɿһĲ۾￴ķǸӵ̬һãȻһʣһԶȻſţֹס
ȱ¹˺ö࡭
ţȱãȻػع񣬲û̫˵ʲôô
ôǰƯƯҲ͸ϵƵģûʲôұģ
Ůˡ֣˵ͱ䡣
˼ιӣѾˣһòͰɡʱſڣȱ߳صС
ҲšԵ깫ӣĿ֮е˼ƣ죬΢ĸоֻΪĹϵ𡭡Ϊһֹ꣬סҪչͷ
쳳˰ɣȺһѾϻȥˣ֡ŻûţͿѾΧһȦǵ[ѾϻȥǡȺҡ]ָȻν˵ʱҲûС
͵ˣ
ǡＷ֣˹øһ㹴סĲӣѹǰҲΪá֮·߲á
ȭӳ޿̣
ô֡ǻûһȴҡһ˽г룬ȱתͷ깫ӡȻҵ;
ȱתĹЦݣ٣ò
һ㶣ɴ۾㡪ô㡪
¶νѵѾǵô
㡪ô
ʲôǡ
ȱ¶ЦЦȻ˭Ҳһ˫۵١
ôιӺʶ
ǣĳ˴ǰΪѰٶȱ»شúȻƺⲻһȻȻɻ󲻽⣬û˵ʲô һˣӦ֪ʲôʱҪս͡
ãһ˷ʲô̸
˳к˴һٷԵõҲΪֻ֣Ȼ֮Ĳڣʱ͵͵ȱ¡ʲô¶ôԽ롭Խòô׵
ĳһմ߶飬׵
ڡνҪ£ò̸̸ݣЩ֪οڡҡó֯ˣȱ¹
벻ҪȡЦˣҲ֪¥е²[곡Ϸ]ʲôˡȱºˡ
УĳһﶼС
֪ȱ¹£Ϊʲô£
֪ǷǵãǷһϢ

˵ɣǸŮմ߶϶[׵]
뿪¥֮ǰϢøҡܱǸδ֪㡣˵Ҳǻ¡ҪϢȻҲ̫ףܲǸѾͷѰɣ
ôȷİǷŵһϢˣùԺټʱѹե[]һĴȻȴ鷳úܡ治֪˭׼˭ֿ⣬á
ãôȱ¹֪ʲô
ҵ¡
⡭΢΢üºЦһʧһʱ䡭
Ȼ֪Ҳٰæ
㲻ˮ鿵ˣ㶼֪
Ѳˮ֮ˣˮ޹ء
˼ðɣҿֻһΣ¹ּһʵûаܹҵһᾡҲϢֻϡ
ÿһζʮ⣬Ҫûû˵ȥ
Ȼףͷˡ
ٵûм뿪˿ȱ£Ȼڸ¥ûʲôϵȴ֪ǷȤ¥飿
¥ȱһٿɷ˵ϸЩ
ҲûȷϢȱ¹Ȥµķ߶šǳǳЦˣ˵Цݣ˵ԵƿòϣǣⲢ˳⡣κ¶Źκ̻ĿԣΪٵֱ

45-46

һţٱ㱻һֻצһԣѵһƵӣιʲô£
ϵ¡
һ߳ŵ㹫̸ʲô⡭
ٰͷţٴӽŴͷ˼ҵô
ҡǶû˵ٿֿȱ¡ô
δˣ
ǵеĲô
˵ʲôҶԶιӲǡǡ
ιӣ
㡭֪˭ô
˵ν
νҲ˵ȫ֪ȱ£˶˵[]Ҳ[]ô
㡭ʲôʱʼϲ˵ģ֪ôҪТô
ʲôʱϲˣ
ϲˣҲʲôô仰𺳡
̧ͷ٣ҡͷ˵ġתͷޡ̬ûʸ˵
ڼ٣ʮŮ֪£ܡȷԼϲľŮӣڶνӦášֻΪòԽȱ£ǸŮΪԼѰҵһĨ֮Ӱ˶ѡ
ָֻоĺҡ
֣£ȱµķŲ֪ʲôʱѾ򿪣˵Ϊǲſˣ˵ߣ˭֪Ȼôû뿪򿪷ſȻڿ֮ȴֻһԷƣ
ģҿһأôһգ۵Ĺ򡭡
ֿʲôڷģ
ǰˬ˶깫ӣƬ̼΢΢㱡ΪԼѾˣѾ¡Ǻҹߵ£һ˫Ȼޱͫȱ£ʦֵȥһǡֻǰİ¹ȴ׵ĹһУԭûз¹
ιӣ֪ɷʼð⣿
ȱǳǳº͵ЦЦʡ
ǵ԰߰ɡܾӦûط˵Īֱ˶סĸоҲĪ
ȱȻûоܾȥ
ιιԷſ˰ɡ
ٵȵȣǻûԶС
ϴϤϤ޵ֱסٵһץɣ˶֦֮䡣
ǸҪ㣿
ѵֶȤæһôɣԱΪֵܵҸǵȻӦûرһµģǰɡȵϢٶߣȻٶ۵һ˼ȱǸŮӣֱԼϵֻѾʼֵߣͻȻըëèݺݵһǣ
ŶӶ֦ϡôѾǵڶγˡ
֣ʲô
԰ȱһǰһߣ֪߶ãʵ
ͣԥ֧ʵιӣ㡭֪ûнãȱµݣҲǴСʧɢҲ˵
ȱ˼ȴʵ²޽ã֪Ϊһʣ
˵ûУƺ΢΢һƺеʧ͵ֻǶιһλʶΪΪҲԵõһЩϢûţʵЩġ
ȱǳǳЦˣֲõĵģ룬Ĺλһƽһаá
лԡ֪ΪʲôҲֻԵʣ֪νΪ˵ƶô˵ˣĪİƺȻô˵ˣͱȻġл̧ͷǰĶνƺԶķ羰ЩһַзŮ޹Ա㱶翣һõξôԤʾײ͵һæջߣѡ
ԼôˣΪʲôǰһӣȴ˻ȻѵѵġԼ뷨һʱɫȱע⵽ʧתͷʣ֣кβô
ûûСһʧˣ£ǡ˲ʧתߣĶӡ
Ϊʲôǰܡѵ˾ôʧܣȱ·ʡС
ε˸ˣʲôָˡ
ݷ֮űľģٴγǰ
һɺ˶νһ̸ʫȾƻȭһ²ŶνĽڣִ˲ƣνʼǳǳĹЦݣȲҲų⣬Ҳͬദĺڡ
΢΢ߣȻǻͷŰѶνͶԼе˵ĸоǸĲǰȻº̸ͣЦôҲ޷嵭Ȼһ
߹ȥĳƨɵµĵӣÿռλӣ
ιλŶ
Ȼô˵˻ǹԹ˳ൽһ߶λӡڶνԱ£ǸЦЦιӼ£Ұȴûܺúк
νŸտ˵˸޷ԱѾ˴ûû£һֵкͺˣһȺȻѾûöνˣֵһ˲ţԸƢֺãضŮԵ
ͻȻˬҪôŮԵ
ֲģ㼤ʲô
һЦŮġ
һɫ䣬ڵġζνȷ[ɫɲ]ǡءˡ
ȱ²ЩȻЩӵܳԺ֣ٴҶڣûзûҲûа˼֮һ˼ĲƲҲһԺȲ飬޹ء
ֻЩүһȴԶ˽ѵϢȱ¥ı仯ֻʱ֮ʱŴ
¥ϢѾڽ¥¥֮ѻص¥У彫λھ裬𽥽¥ºʽλӴ˽ϴ֡
·һ±Сĺ䶯¥Ϊµһ¥ڽеĵλԲ˵¥ǶϷԾִ¥ֶĿãڽеĵλҲʮֹ̣˱ʺλӡһΪݣԼѪ̳ˣܶڿڣ޷ʹǾѪȴδڽ¶棬Էڡ
ȱΪǰųϢ𽥽񽻸裬˼ʶ¥㹻Ļ壬þʱܹѹסˡһߣνĽϴֲһӣԼתְ
̫ǿӲֶΣ⣬һֱŵĺӣø磬Ϊž롪Ϊ׼һǿ¥ΪĽ̺õ·ΣȻԼˡһжΪ˾ãĽ˭֪⣿
¥Ϊáڰƹܰȴ˵¥ǲǻΪһԵĿܣٿء
ȱ޷֪һѹֻЩϢУ޷̽ʱЭǼ⣬¶ɡ
¡֮ȻûתΪµ¥ʱǷܹһ֮Ǹͨȴеҩʦѣ
Ϊʲôǹһ£ȴ
ʮ
ٽӵ֮ȱ»Щɻ
ȱ¹ʲô£ѰµĽչôʱʵЩִ٣
ȻҪʱ䣬Ϊһ¡
һ˼֣˾ϴ״ȱ¹뽲ţȻ
ٸ¥ʱ򣬾Ѿϵһ⣿ұֱ˵ˣٰҼһ桪ûκ֪¡ܸĳ͡
΢΢֤ȷ²ȱ»¥ϢȤΪʲôǸʧٶԺͻȻðľ裿ȻɻȱƹƱһۡ۾ٿһۡ
پòҿ취
ǹˡ˦˴ѵӣֻΪһ棿᲻̫ܼˣȱ¹ǴȥѰİɡȻҪţòһЩǣ
ģҲȥѰġ
ѰôϻôȥģֻСòǾС檰ɣ衭᲻᲻̫ãЩȻ޸ɵġ
ðɣȻе㳬ҵⷶΧ֮⣬ȻˣҾͽˡһȥţһ׵֪ͨ㡣
ȥ֮ǰȱҲһ˲ɡ֪Լȥðõ£ֻǼغԼ¶ټȴתû취ȥ룬ȥ˼ȥġ
ѾһˡڵΣ
ȥ̫̫׽ͷ£ٰЧʡպŴСֱ
٣ʲô
Ŀ򿪰һ·Щһֵ֪ƣҪǲпϷĴ㡣
ϣ׼šһӸһǸ˶񺮵Ľг͸еͷƤ飬ʵٸøҪʲôɣ
ʲôʣͺáٲȱµѾ׵¥ھͣΪþԱ㽫ױ˽ܣʱϯֳࡣϯʵҲΪ˶죬ȻڳҪ˽ȥѣһҪڲغݡһȥڻȥ·ˡ
ȱ½ӹ·ȴվûж·Ҳ
ôˣھղԣ̧ͷŮװȱµһŮװ´ģҴݵֻҪ̫ϸϳôб⣿
˳ȱΪѵĿ⿴ߵɫѾþݡ
һʲô˼֪֪Զνôһ㣬Ȼֻһ㡭ҲֹһᶨҪԼǰŮװ̼
ŮװνŮװͬе˻塣
治֪˵ٶۻǵͬһˣװŮװ𡭡ȻҲΪȱװʱ޷ж̬ʮģҲƭƭʶ˰ɣȻڶûϳ˵ѹûǷ
ҪҲˣʱЩ߰㣬ȥ
֪ȱ¹˼ɵĶȫһ¡ֻǲΪŮװϳ̫֮ζѡǽһУȱ·תڼȥ·
ǰ;ãν̫[]ˣϸϸӲߣ㲻Ϊĳ࣬Ҳ˲ԾҪȥչֻû뵽νŮװȴôġôġ
ΪʲôѾˣȴ޷ƽ
ѵģľֻ[ν]ˣ
ˣ
ΪѣֻһɫҲ֪ʲôûȤȥչǸһĺ˼룬Χȱ¿һȦȷûʲôͷ߰ɡ
ӵľᣬ·Ҫ֪ȥ¥ǲġ
һ·ȱµ˼ѾڡΪⱩ¶ûɸһ·ٳѾԸ׼õĽӡȱµıΪԼܹȥѣӦƽϲģȴӲ֪ôšҪȥĵط¥ǸĹȥĵطҲȻûת˼
ѣѡ֣ˣ޹ؾ衣
·Ѿǵݣ̫ߣոչμϯѡݣû˻ȥעǣж㷽˺ܶࡣո෴ݣʲôᱻע⣬Աס壬ⰲȱȥ衣
¥֮ڽֵ÷з˶뿴εľǸʲôԴ¥ϯ֮ҲͥУһЩı
¥ǰͣȣȱ¿½Σı΢΢һƬʪ
һ࣬񾲣ϣ㲻óڵˣ˺ԡ˵ֻһʱ΢ЦЩң޷ƽ˼
֪ô磬˵ЩʲôĿֻھʱ΢΢һȻǿһȴ䣬ɢ˵ƣ˵ЩûʵĻȱȫûȤ˵ЩʲôЩ滰òκҪϢǶ֮ľ룬ֵᷢ
֪˵ʲôҲΧֻ˶ͬһʶظһ𿴹ȥ
Ȼˣʶ
һϮڶгۣŰɫİƣٲһڡ°ڴѣŽŲȻĹ⡣ںڵĳѾ£ûз磬ڼϡ
ûз硣
ڵĵط綼ֹ
ɢׯصϢһ·߹ûһ˸۶¥һжٵɻ̸˵ǰȴû˸һɡ
ǴӺҹ߳ߣŴأȴ͵Ϣߵ࣬վһһףҹ磬ƽɫ
˲ǰѡ
Ȼڰѵȫȫİ
Ǿ衭밢ȫͬһ桭
ȱͻȻ֪ԼΪʲôҪûаˡ
һ̣ѲκεطûУҲûСĵԼʼһ˿̿֡Ѿôʧ
Աߵ֣ĵؿɫЩѿҡͷʾԼûϵ֡
֪ν¥ʲôϵΪҪµ裬Ȼ֪Ȼ֪֪ģΪ
ȱۿž΢΢Цվھɻȫؽε¥Ѿ侲Ҫȼ˵
Ϊͣһֱ׵λصذڲ۵ĵطϯϾƲʱȱµ½ǡ
ȱϯԶԶĸǸӰߵƫƧ֮

47-48

ιӣ
Ǹ˴ܹ˵ĵط߹հ˹һԺӣһ԰ιӣ¥ڶദߣ˵Щ˽ģҾ¥Ծ趢Ľûа취ǰϾ衣ϰߣͨ;ϯ;¥Լסǲᰲ˼ӵġϯ֮ǰһʱ䣬Сֻһ·˴ҪʱԽ뿪ԽãСľں
ȱµ˵ͷڡʱӣ
ҲᣬֻҪûгĻΧӵǲȥġģǲ߿ģֻѲߵĻѲӡ
ȱŷżǸҹһ͵ľ裬ʹ彫ƵٸߣȴȻһ㣬ûɡ
Դ·ѾԾ£ȻʱԶߵúûĿһ㣬⿴԰ķ羰ȴƺʲôҲûпС˷ŵƣֻüž
ȱ´Ӳ֮߳ȹմȾĻҳ̧ͷ΢΢ЦЦ
ȻûϵȻ˲΢΢һɻ󲻽ؿ
㡭
ֻ㡣ȱµһЦֻͬ˳һ㡣ɫһ䣬˲両ֵľϲǿѹȥĵǺЩֲֻܷһµģѹôôðաȥ
㣬ȱµķصѾˣ㲻ôϾĶž𸴣ĻһӱסһԶغˡ
֪յĹ֪ڶΣɸߣҲȻ޷ġû¥ϸĪȾչˡŬŲԼȥǣȻԼ
εؿȱ£ƺı˲١û𣿾ûʹ
ûµġÿЩǳԳԺȺȣ̸ֻ²̸᲻ãƺǴþˣԼҲЩӰ죬ѹ˵Լı˰ɡ
ûôģȱȻܹҲѾźóȥķֻǾȴݹ棬ȴû취úÿ
֯΢΢ӣҪȥաѾ֪ݣ¥Ĺȥص֮ȫ֪ˡΪʲôô࣬˹ȻԱԼǷƽ
ƽȻúʹȴ˿ɹ
ֻûǰˣȻһСʯӴһ֮Ҫ֣ȴȱסֻԶȱԺ̽ƴ֡
Ҫˣҵˡ
һ֣գε¶һ˿ЦůȻϤ¶ȣ۱Ȼǰѡ
һСʯͷԶеԽˣȱºݺģ֣ת첽ȥ
ͷʱȻվԭԶȥ
˴˵ж۶۵ʹ·ԶҲܹͬܵõʹʲôʱֹܹͣ
ȱ¸·ƿѲӶĻԺûתϯͻȻϷһ䣺ʲôˣ·˶ʱɫһ֣¾ͻûȱδڸǰæһߣԼһ˳ȥϵİӰһϵ·ȻԺͬȱ֪¥ĴĻ΢΢ͷԼԷݡ
λ磬СŮǸģ;ϯȴС·֪Ƿð˲ýĵط
´ûпʲô쳣ѾϯԶ⻰˵Ҳû̫ϾԷֻǸڸϹͣҲҵ
÷Ǳߡ
ֻһţ߹ȱ£÷һˣ·㡭ǰĻصͷֶ˵Ѿҵˣл
ӿˡ˹ػصתͷ˸ɫʾûʲô飬ȱ»صϯϡ
£ŵʣû°ɣ
û£лΧˡ
ҡҡͷлңٽģһȥþˣ˴·ȥѰ㡣ʵԳ棬ӲɻȥȱǮﻹֵõġ
޷ǰϯҲֻܾ۵ԭλ
ȻŵԵżȻ·Ծɲòϯɢ˸ǣǲһ𣬾ȥδ١
ϵܼҵĿջǲһʱﻻ˽ӣԼǳԺһ죬µ飬Ǳߡ
ȱһֱδݵװôŮװǰΣүһӣųֻҪһ۵Ůӣò˶ϴȻ̻ºȱ֮Ѿܴ죬Լ۹ɣĺۣѹϲǰֻ˱ȻĶŮӣȴͼġ
ǰϸϸ嵭̵ŮӣƽݾȻ˿ķˡƴԼǶνˣˡ
ǾˡҲ
Ȼ֪֪Ҫʲôǰ̲סȥĳ嶯ÿÿǿѹˣطԼĶġ
νƺԵЩǣͻȻվ֣ھ߰ɡ
١һԥ룬ٻҪ¥鲻ٹ˽ν¥֮ϸΣνжϵıȽ׵ãǾͲ٣ߡȥƹǱ߸ţ㡭ǲȻ·ҪȻװǷһЩȱµͷ˱ͷȥ׼
ƹÿţصſڵƬ̣㿴νָ߳װǸѹӵģŮ˵һƺûôţȴˡ
ŮװĶνģװĶνȻȻ
ҵĴ˵ûźܶˣҵĶ䡪û˺󣬲֪᲻ᱻϵҹ
֣
û£߰ɡ
Сǣǣν·ƺЩļȻèһ֪£ȴԾǿѹʲôҲûʣϡ
һǣȻӰϮȱһȻǱ巢ˣ
ˣȱϮһ޸ϹȥԾȱµ֣һֳ彣ֵ
һתȥ˻˦
ȱ£͵һ߽书ǲףһסһֻסȱϮǶǰеˣȱ¸Ǽ£ǵã֡
书мһɱ㹻ȴ˴ʧˣһνµĽȱǰ
ʮ˻
һ˲䣬ȱ¿һ˫ߺ޵۾޹޹ǷߺޣǼʡ
ǰȱ֪޷ܹǣôܹ
ôܹ
ɲǼǰһڣȴһƬȵϢеԼ屻մȻȵڵ档̧ͷӦһ˫ǵĿ⣬Ȼȴ˾ů
ˣѾ豧ڻУܿµĹ
˲䣬µɫʱûҰף촽΢΢˶ȴ˵ĻһҲѾ֣ͣԾͷ
۾¶ȵɨˣͣµϡ
ô££
¥
ûмǴµĻڣӦҵֱ°ɣ˵ûصȽϺЩĿƽû𱸣ֻڳȻĻѾûѪɫ
ҪҴˣҲٷģߡ
ûлشͷȱ£ûˣŵԲˡҸȷƽ뿪ġ
ȱǳЦҡҡͷʾûйϵ֪Ĵûô岻Ϊ㣿
ɫ΢û¡Ҫ˭ңοһǴƻЭ飬㶯֣˵ʲô൱ûзȻҲû뿪¥
ƿ߲Ͽȴ޷һµľǰϸĶνԵͣεĵǺ͹Ķۡ
֮Ĺϵ۾˶ῴ
ˣ¥ε¥衪ܹףһ£ԼûΣ
 |||| - -
ӡǰһȭعͷǡ

ңӣºһЦлһ·͡
лҸνѣİȫҲӦáֻ䲻֪飬ӼȻĶνǷҲӦΪİȫһ£˶䣬Ȼǵ̸ҪɱνǾ壬ʲôɣȻйϵ
΢΢һһ˼εؿȱһۣδգԻᷴʡس̣乫Ӷչˡȱµ֣΢΢һЦƺ˼
νǸ·ˡνվھ߾;ôۡ
ȱ̧ͷ˾һۣЦȥɣʣµ·ӦûʲôΣˡҲⷢġ࣬ѹȥͻһ֮ɡ
ȱҪȴһѽȥԼҲ󹲳һȱ΢΢£ôͻȻ[]ûзﵽԼȻⲻص㣩
һޣݣȱȥ
ĿǺԶŻ˰ľ׮ˡҲ[]ʾ£ʱͻȻȥʵ֪յľѲǹȥѪޣѾͬ
ȿһһˣˣ
ǡ
߰ɣȻҲΪ㡣
лӡ
ȥŻߵԣȴûеͷȥ
£ڻ¥¥ԾǾ塭ֻΪҹȥĽ飬ƫ̻һߡ
µĴȻѾ㣬ͲΥԸ봦
㷽˵ٷ
ǣ¾ٷʹٺޣʹֻ̡һʱһʱ
ãһء΢΢һΪǸŮˣ᲻ԭȥɱԼȴû뵽
֯ûˣұԭ㡣֯˵ʹһƭҲȣҿԸࡣʹһҲԵȣȥܹһ֮͡ǰҡ֮ǰҴ֪ԭԼνͣαƶѣֻΪԼ޹أԿԲȥ⡣Ϊ֪ʲôпݣֻΪһȥݵˡøл֯ҲңûЦôºͣôУͻȻȫ䣬ͬһѾϺݺ˿ԸԸԭ£ҲҪġݡǸŮˣһ齫˿˺øѪܵġݡ
ȱͬס밴վ̸طȻȴͬȻѾ¶٣Է˸ٹʹڻطҲȽѣܼҵ˿Ӧܺùȥ𴦡
ȱ֪⻰ҲûֻҪ¶٣ߵﲻһҪԸ뿪߶Զؼھ;Ļǣƣ˶޷ǰѰ
û뿪ֻԼλ̬֮ȥЩͬﲻͬȴ˵塣
ҹһӰһȱ¾ȴ޶
Ȼ΢΢ɻ͵ģʼδʲôֻһע⵽ÿҹƺķⶼڡ
֮ٲٴ¶棬ȻͬЩһУϾܼҵ⣬켸ղӰҲȻȥʣϰΪշĽţһԣȱµҵˣҵˣµϢˣ
һԵһЩֱߵĲ豭
ȱ´λ
ϵĲһͨŵЦĮϣǱߵѾϵ̴Ǳ߸ϻԼҪ߰졣
ĮϣѹڲȫҲӰȥֵطʲô
٣ɷٰһæԻ
̵ͷϲȱĿ˴򽻵ԵԾϵĳЩҪ׹ȫһ
ذҰϢ͸裡ԽԽãǾҲΨһһֻҪܹѣʲôԲ˼ɣ
ü⵹еѣϴǼֽ֮Щһᾡ
˵ţƺѾȫһԵֱվ󡪡Щʲô˼

νΪʲôҪ£

ٿȱ¡Ȼô˻ûô
ֻһȱµĶνǿɺϡȱµĶνȴҲеˣ⻹ɺôɵϣҲܲеĹɡ
νѵ㡭סȱ£Ȼ һʼ˵ľͲ滰ԲԣȻȱµֵܣ


ⱲӣҲˣûָˣ
ȱ»ȷţٵȷѾϢ͵¥ֻǣ͸˾裬Ǳ;£ʱδ֪ɽ¥һֱûϢȴµɱֱ˳
ҪŵĻԺںҹϢ㱻ŵĵ̽һ䣬һССıׯʱҵȱµԷȻش˴˸ոԾδڵĵ棬ͻȻһסĲӣӲֳ˳ȥҽҲûз
ʱ˷˻Ժʬ壬һҹѪȸ֪
Ѿŵñɫü⼸ʬ塪ɱּȻΪʲôʲô鶼ûзѵҪΪЩ˲ҵνǶνĺۼȴȻôһ¡
Īɱ֣ʲôˣȻһ˵ĴڣΪβ¶棿
ȱ£ȻȱҲɻ󣬵Ǻܿ뵽Ӱ
ΪٰŵˣǶ˾㲻֪飬ȷûõṦ٣ôĬĬ
˿ΪУΪβݲ˲ܷġȻɱѾţöνһ˶ץסȱµ󣬡ʱᵽ㷿֮ǰҺһ䷿
ȱһ΢΢ȻԱٶ̲סգ׵
ʲô׵⣬α֤νİȫ
ȱ¿ٿЦſǷҪ˵ݣϾٺġǣһ䷿⡭ֻȱµûзſͷ˿̧ͷҪڣһ˴Ҵˣַһˣ
ЩŵĹӸѾûа취ٿȥһε״̸ֻȥ鿴Ҫ˵Ļû˵ڡ
һʬ壬ȴɱֵġ
ھ䣬ѾŤϡʵȻѷǵУΪȴҪزأ
⼸ʬ岻ܾôׯϣȻ洦ȱ˼ػصСΪʲôڵĵطԶûƽһΣѵоһգûİ
ɱͷһɱܶˣȴûйԼҪɱ˵ͷǵһΡΨһһΣȴѾûʵֵ
ʱѾ˵Ļæµһ죬ҲѾˣϧȻûǡԼͷ߽ȱµķ䣬ȱ¡Ǹν깫ӣٴȻ
Ȼˡ
֡
ʲô˵ҽˣôһڷ
λֵܣ˰Сܵ͸ô

49-50

𼸺޷죬𽣱䣬ȻѾ֪ѰҵµϢ˽ɳɱ֡
Ȼɱûн䡪׷ȥ֮ʱŷַϼӰѾһ𣬻սһԾ·ĹƣһȴࡣתۼȻˣҲ˱սɱֵļһɲͷ¶βزǺˣֽһˣ׼ὣȥȴȱ¡
ȥǵзѣȥҲֲˡ
νʶ
ȱһͷѪޡ
Ѫ޼ȻȻסЩͬŵɱ֣ɻֻһͣѪѾ˾衣
ؿŶνжνֻǸɾ޸֮ӣӦ޹ؽ֮ǰ¥;Ҳ˽֮¡ͻȻѪޣȻνѪ޲İ
ԱߵķټֵذһۣԼĻȱĪȾͰиģİȫȻΡĹȻûʲôƢ
ѪѾʰһˣӷԾߵȱǰܱǸ
̬Խɣȱֻʣģ
ǣұ֤İȫ
̵Բ۾һµģ
ȱɵͷʣҪ
ǡ
ȱҡͷȥҪЭ
ѪϿʲô飬£ҲûбҪŬʲô
ȱ޷ֻĬ
޷ֳĬˣôʱɻѾùˡ˭ܸ˵⾿ô£¥ľѪޣϻ˵úúĥ
֡ȱεЦЦҪ㣬ֻһ֪飬´Ӵ޷
Ӱ¥ʱҾû⡣˵ÿ϶ȱ¾Ƭ̣ڵȷҪ˰æʱ򣬾ֻ˽£͵ν˽㽫һи֪֡ҡ
ڵҹνϸӱɫţ΢ԵôµһӰʱʧһ̣˽£ʲôӦ
ɣѪޡҲһҹҲһҹǸ翪ʼµĴ㡣Ҫһֱڱ岽ȡʹû书ʹûʲôͬԽǰľ档
ǲֻл¥ܹõƽѲſԵõɡ
ȱϸض˵¥飬ֻǱܹԼһ㡣ȻϣûѪ޾Ȼǡµһ¥ɱ֣һϢѾ㹻ڽ𾪶ҷ
Ǿǽϵµһ¥
ȱµ˵ûʲôΪ壬Ϊҷ¥뷨ҲҪͰѣҲǾصƽ뿪ЩԾԸң󣬿¾Ҫˡ
˵ǿɬȻѾó׿˵ȴһ¡Ȼν;Ѿһԡðջ¥ҲֻΪһ棬Ĳ
ȻֻҪҴ¥ͰĹϵѾ㹻ѣ
ûûƾ֤
Ҫʲôƾ֤Ѫޱ˾ɴһλԵĴ磬ָȱ¿
ȱ¿һۣȴʲô˵ѪأϼѪ޵ģֻˡ¹˵еǻǣµһ¥¥
һʱ޷ϣǡôô
Ȼôˡ¥һҪԸȴҪúõĿͰţóȻңȻѾ¥Ͼûкޡ˵¥Ҳļңʲô̶ȣҪúðաֻǡȵ֮ȷ˶Ƿɽ⣬㡣
µԾ΢΢黳Ȼûа취̹Ȼ֡
ȱע⵽ɫȻѾİæ½ܶҪһԸ¥뻹ûԵˣԼڲȳ⡣ҲʶԼݵԭ
֣㻹ǲ£
ûʲô£Ѿûκ뷨֪¾С׿ʱʼѾȫ£¡ֻǣ֪ô¡ͷʦֵķĿʦֵȥĿһУʵڲ֪ʲô̬ǸϤŮӡ
֣Ѿˣ㻹ȻطϢɡʱ򣬻Ӧһ˾һ롣ȱһתطûжҪȥǰɺһסүҪϢүءүİȫȻḺ𣡡
ôֱʾɣһСͯʲôν
˴۵С˭ҲһôţѪ޿ҲǶˣĬĬǰһվ˭Ҳȥ
ȱ·طУһƬҪȥͻȻһ˫ִסĶȱһȻ˿ûзˣҪֻ죬ȵϢڶߣҡ
ȱһ˫Ѿſعźڰº͵Цеȣô
ҵµϢҾ취ˡҶȷûа취ⶾʵûа취ֻϢңƺΪɵ֪Ϣ֮ƺҲЩסʵ̫Σա
ҲгסʱôȱȻǺ˽⣬µļɵһҲϵһ˸ͷŮӡ
ôܷŹ㡭
ûֻҪһҲˣ̻ǰǱҵطȵ¸
ڣ
ԡ
ɺ
ǱߣôһȻ¶١֮Ѫ޻ڵһ硣
ȱ֪ûд˵׵ġֻǾһ̫Ծ΢΢ԥ
迴˿ڵ۾ȻᣬȴŨĵͳ
֯ǰμ桭һֱûнйҡ
ȱ΢΢һûпڽйΪ֪ýѣǾ衣Ȼ֪Ĳı䡭ǰˣʶİ̫ͬƺһڣȥİѱʹɢ
ĸıô࣬㲻֪ô
ȵĴУȱҡͷ֪㰢Ѹıٶ࣬ҲΪΪĽҩαػȥαҪΪ¥¥ĳޡ
ܵȱҡͷͼ΢΢ЦˣҪ˵ʲôᱧס
Ѿ˵˭˭˭֧˭ûоȱ£ȱ²ҲͲᱻ¥ľûоȱ£ͲҵԼҲǿԼص¥˵ѾһһҲ޷塣
ǣֻһ㣬ȥ롭ֻҪ뵽֯ھߣӵȴû˿ϧ̲סҪȥޡǸĴ磬ͬҲٵһСޣȴԲޡ
ֱ۽սϸʵ˲ܹеġ
ȱҹ뿪ûԶֻڸ˽ţԱʱϵȱһʱ۱㿴ڴϵľ裬ĳһߣϴźɫڴɫӳų⣬һַֻڴϣȱµ֡
龰ִǰİԾڳ̣Զĳȥ΢΢һתͷ΢ЦôЩʲôȥ
һ仰ȱδİѵĳգ̲סҲЦˣȥɡ
𴲴ϴϣע⵽ǳһƫƧֵϵСջ򵥵üƵϼªС塣˵꣬õţСҲźʲôҪԼ֡
ȱ¾ƻص˹ȥСһ㣬ɵʱһС˵ؿĿԽϵĶǾ߰ɣߵԶԶģȥСԺӲ֪ǲǻţôãϲҲ͹ȥ˰ɡһо͸ȥһǴ뿪
ȱ³ĬƬ̣ûлӦ
ôôŹô뿪ˣܹƽãֻҪڣ¥ڣǾֻһӶزء
ѡûнйֻ֡ԼеĹûлͷʵҪ塭
һƬĬѹ֡Ǽ˵ȥԲҪô
վ߽ӱסͷľ䣬Ҫðաаȫô
ûСûвãҲᶯ֡
š֪ǡҵġ
ȱӦһŬµϹһˣˡĻĬˡҪ巴ĿֻҪԹۣѾ㹻Ҫٵģļҡ
ʮ
˭ҲûٵµʱǰǿʱԡСջѪ޻棬Ҳ㰲ع˼ӡ
ȱΪԼӦûļĵȴȻȴƽҲΪаڵĹϵÿտ𣬸ճĴֻ˵İĺ㡣
ԭԼϲ͡ûдСЦߣûгΪȱ£ƽƽĳ󣬽Ҹڿҿҵׯںˣ˵ǸܺõĹޡ
ѣ㽫ʲô
ҩʦʲô
ҩʦȻҲֻÿնɽϲҩؼҲֻҩܿڿҿҡһ桭
ѡʵҲģȥͷţ
Ŷ
ߵľҲ
Ŷ||||
˵ʲô
ʱܿѪ޴ﴫϢѾˡ
δ尲Ѱ˵ע⣬Լ˵صڳ棬ƺ΢΢𣬻˵Щһֱûз¹ֻµǰȱµĶܲܽܿͻ֪Ծ̲סЩŽ
ȱֱװѪ޸ϳߡ
ȱѵÿŰѽŵӣԼһҲûԵýЦع۲ǰȻȻǾҲİѵˡҲǽӣ˵ǽӡ̫ûм¡õúһӵ顣
ҡӦǸһɡûԹޣΪûֻǲ֪ʱǷĿûһ˿Թԣ
¡ȥ˵Ǹ[]
ѵ˼¸ֳЦݣͷ
˵ƺܿģҲˣձĶڴһ
գ
ȱϵЦݽ˽ȷҲΪžʮʱѹʤ˲輧㣬ȻȡšࡣµĲյȷףǻĲգȻֵȫǶΣ˲Цѡ
ʻƫƧĽԼõĵطͣףϰԵȥȱ£뱧˻δأԶԶɤ˷ܵغšȱ¡
һͷʮ֮ӰûüѾǰӶ·ϰһһѲֱȱ½ס
ȱȱ£ȱ£㡪ʮǲֵǮҵʱһΪأû̫ˣҿҿ
վȣǸϸŮΪһҲϸرȱ±˲乻幻ˣҵؿִӼʼŸ첲֣ȷ֫ȫûһָͷͣ¹ϼñطꡱ
˻Ҫطꡱð
һϢƹѾȥȴһ˻ɴ޷ƮϸĿṴһ˿Ц⣬ȴ˸еһа֮УԱϣ
ߵò죬ŲǱƽϢȴ˲ݺӣɢűĲá
ȱҲϢ̧ߣԽµļ򿴵ӭˡЦ顣ͬֻǺЦŹȱϵ¡ЦȱºϤôĦ֪ģܲġ
ߵǰЦ־סµӰȱϰൽԼǰЦЦЦԽԽ㣬ǲ[Χ]ˣ
¿˿Լղһ·ɡķ򣬷Ҳû뿪߷Χ֮ѵˣȳˣ߶ȥҺȱ˵
߷Χ֮ڣ
ȱºͰѷ·𿴵ǰЦΪģһΧɵĻƶȦȻЦڲ¡ݡش߷ɿ
׼뿪֮⣬׼뿪֮⡢Ҫʱ۾ܹˡʢ鹫ӶµĽȶˣǺ󻰡
°ѵЦ飬˻ȱȱǳЦſɵסȱ£Цÿ
ȱ²̫֪ôӦֱ׵ĻóѾȵҪġʮûа׷ѣȱҲˡֻЦ顭룬һųϣһϣȴճýģεģʵǼ˵ЩԽܡ
¼һϣճճĥĥ䡣ĺܺڵûôһסô꣬ǿƺֻƽƽ֮ȱ¶ôһ֣Ҳû֡ĺϲȱµģֻȱµ粻ѡȱ³֪֮ദһζĸ顣
ʹҲʱʧƵģۡ
ȱ£˵ңʲôҪ£ڴȱϷֿ֪ȱµӣûҪ£Բص
ȱͷҽⶾ
һ˵Ƥ°ͣͷ⿴˸飬üͷ
ô£㱻вֻⶾĶԣ֪Ǳʲô;ĸв㣡ңȥӾ

أ
һϸԭίȱƿ⿴򰢵ѣǾ裬Խѡ
΢ЦŶºЦʾ⣬ЦЦǳȥЦЦؿۣ裿¥ĶӣǳЦδһһ׷ֱվŮ㲻ý֣ȴҲѺá
ȱºﶼڤˮ鿺¥Ĺϵǰ¥Ķӣһʢľ弴λһ¥ݣƺ㹻ϲŭ޳Ц̷ѡû뷨£Ц˻죬Լߵǰ°´Ŀͣϡ
λС硪ûȤҺһ룬ֻҪ㣬֤ȫݵĴСϱҪ׷ܡС㳤òȻ㲻ϾɫôãҲѰҵ·ȷ棬ұ֤Ϊµһˡ
Ļû˵꣬Ѿٴα˾ȥһЦЦȻһƬָָµĵ桪
ӽ𣬷Χһ֮ڣ
ȱЩ޷ǰģ˵ദģʽȥôЦĲ䲻ȣʵЩ޷ܡ
Ц̧ۣߵɨȱ£΢΢һ٣ЦѾµƿ
ٴμûʽһۡ
ҲôΪǸĵˡ粻ˣʹٴμ棬ȻΪԼʲôԣֻȻӦ糣ֻǣȥǸۿ޳ȻϷȴɵЦ飬ڻǱһ˰ߣ쳾
ȱ£ȸңʲôµĶ
Ǿ塣
ʲôǸ˻Ѿǵ̫飡һηҪٱQ
ЦЦһ˼ң֪˭Ƶ¡
¾ӵһǷЦ

51-52

ȱ½ԭί½壬¿˿ô
ɲң岻ϷŹѺңֻܻٵ¥
ΪʲôҪô£ٵһµһ¥ҪѶ˼һתﷴֻжԸһȡ֮ͳ¥Ѿһ˳ļ̳ߣⲻѶסڿڡ
ǰѾȥȥ
ʲôµ۾ʲôδ¥˵㣿ǽ󣬻ǵ¥Ǳˡ˲һݣûܶǣ
ȱ΢΢һҲ·ȻѣǰЦƵŮӣһˣԼҪʲôõֱȡҪȱºͰѣ̫ҪȥŻɱ۾ô򵥵ⶼûȥĪȾѹǲôֻҪѵ¥һжԽ
ǲԸԲûȥ롣
¿Ѿͨսȱµ֣ģҰ㣡
ȱµ˵ͷ򰢵ѡ
Ҳֻˡ
ãȻҵطϵĶҪķЩ飬Ƚ궾룡
ǰѵŮӣȱ룬ҲĽµġ
νº¥ֻѸ潭ơκһȨתƵһ֮ɣ¥ڲ;Ȼ£ȴҲڽĹɣﵽһ΢ƽ⡣
ҪȨƽ裬ȴҪδĳЩ潫ܿգʵ
ֻҪܹȡʵȨͿ˳سΪ¥ˡǶھ壬Ѳ֪δӵϲ޲ԣĳЩ滹Ƶϡֱúܣֶֻ̫ǿӲ⡣
ҪǿӸѵģǱڰѵġҪѻصģڵĵطһо¥Ѿãִֻֻ̫ھ壬²֡
˾˽һ㣡Ȼȱ¾͸Ϊ룡죡ο˻
˳ôᣬ˵治
˽⵽飬¶԰ѾеɸֵζȻҲϾֵһ˭ȱߵأ
ȱ¼壬ۼԽԽڣѾܲ
ֽš
[]ɵ[]ɵİɣһõʱصѪЬ׶ʪ
£ûˣѰҩǶԽӺõġ
Ӻã˵Ķٽܹԭһ𣡣ôȲ˳˲˵һ书µѾ˹ףҪȥ[ĳ]ʦ
£ȱæڻǰҪȥ飬ȻѾ˰ɡǵĵǾ壬ʱȣûﷴʱ䡣
½Ų˶٣ȱΡȱһҺûпԼ˺ۡǳǳЦȻȥôѰûЩȥҲͲн졣ҲῴΪԼϻ𡪡˹ĵĸо
üһۣЦҲЦó滳ЩʱǲǴ̫ӻˡ
ڵȱ±仯ô½֮ΪеŮˡʾԼϡ桪еŮˡɶϡ档
ⶾܽô
ĥ˰죬̫ס¥Ķֵúܡȥˣƽʱʲô
һ¡ǴҲûʲôо
Ŷ˼ţһ̧ͷȱЩǣһοЦݣû£ڣġ
ȱǿЦЦֻ۰ѣҪЮ
ᡣȻʱⲻˣѹû⡣Щҩÿ찴ʱԣȵ˾壬ðѵ¥Ȼõҩˡԣõõ¥·
ҵȥЩҩġЩѰҩҪҩȥ˭ȥ
߹ѪȥɣȽϲۡ
ǺãҲҵý
Ű߳䣬һȥѪдҩߺ²Ŷ֪ǸĶ԰ɣ
Եͷ
ҽȻҲЩֻʼҪȷϡ
Ǹûж⣬ȥԺڲ֪вʳ˵壬ֻ£ͻὫ峹ƻж˸оȻһˡֻССķ纮Ҳҩʯҽֱ
Ȼ⣬ֱǹŴİ̲
Ҫֻʱ䣬һ£õҩҲ޷ָѿ£ͼϿһϣ
˿ûѾûѡˣȥ¥ɡ
ⲻˣ
Ҹով˵ҽⲻˡֻҩѹƶԣֹؼʳ壬˵ϸ궼⣬ڶز壬һͣҩǻվɡĳһӵҩһʲôأ䲻ҩأ¶ֻõҩܳ׽ûʱˣȱ£Ǿ壬ԸѡɡȻѡھ
ѳĬδȷûѡ
ŰɫЦúܿģôС磬ɰɣǸ̫࣡Ϊȱ£˳Ϊġǡ֮֮𣬶֮𡭡
˭[˳]ģ
Ϊ˶Ը壬ѷԸѪȥٽ˭ֻ֪һҪ鷳ܡ
°ǸûˣȻһⶼ
һתѾ̲绨
硭
ϤɤϤ塣
彩һ£ԥƬ̲תȻʱѾ֪£ʵʼȴһ¡ȻվЦһ٣ֻǿѹиӵĸоϾ˴ǰνģȻҪЦվͬһߣֻʱǷʦֺ֮ĳޣѡӶ
С׿ܾûˡνأ뱻ȥѰϤϸӰϵЦ΢΢̡νҲ֪ȱµĻΪʲô
֡ȱ´ӺȻŮװһӳ
ǰһæӭνô¥ûҵɣ
ȱ΢Цҡͷ㶿ֵϡϾã֮ɻڻıѾĬʮ㣬̻һЦȥθ硫찡С
͡νǿôôνӦöŮûȤɣ
Ѱ鷳кˣҴθȥˡֺǺǵȱ£ǱȥȻǺúõĸһ桱ˣ뵽޼ɣΡ
ȱ¾ߣں濴ǵıӰһ㱡Ӱ֮ǰûзνòȻҲǶվһνٴλŮװɻ
ҡҡͷԳһЦǴɡ
ʱӶԼ۹ţֻҪԼŮӣֻӰҲϴºȱ֮ǰԴԼһŮӶϴȱ»Ѿȫݿ壬޷Լ۹⡣
νϸЩϾǸӣôԽԽˡ
ʮ
ҪƿȱϵĶҩмζҩĲҡ²ҵ飬ʱѨȻһںãǰȱµ·ɡ
ȱԥ£ܲܰ뷨߰ѣͿˡ
ڸһͣϣ۾
㡪㡪
ȱƺע⵽Լ仰ᣬʱѪŵȻۿҪƹȴ°ŵ㾹Ȼҡ㲻Ҫǲǣȱµɫһתϱ仯޳Ϊ̫ûиѾͷദôһӲӦȻᱻ㵵
ȥװû԰ˣ㲻ýʲôþҶڰʰԼĶȻĳ˷䡣
ȱ¿Цֻǲ¿Լϵ˰̡Һã²
µȷûڱȽȤǡ⺢ɵô
ߵ⣬ѺɡѪޡЦ۶Ը¥ĶԲߡȷе˵۵ֻаѡС˶󾻳⣬Ѫ޲ӣЦ飬ʹؼ£ؿһС
߹ȥʣôˣжԲ𣿡
Ѷ[ֱڿ]ŮЩ֪Ӧ¥Ӧûд⣬һǽҪλ¥һǼε¥ֻҪìûȫ˶ӦҾһϰ߰ȨԼУûмĸֻҪ¥ȻǾ书а󡣡
尡¸ɴһ𷢳ǸһȷǸ⡣һν滹¡±Ƶ£ǵһġ
ιѣǾĵܵܰɣܸƽ𣿶书ܻЩ˽ɣأѨأ
źҡҡͷΪ˱֤¥԰ľͳƣΰ¥ѪױţҾԲϰ¥书Ϊľǲ¥κ㱻˷֡
ƳЦһۣȻ鹫ӶԸ廹ʲôɵĵôǲ鹫Ҳ޷Ը¥ƺ̲̬ЩЦȻδļϣȻһЦܲӦԲ֪ЩҲ޸ɡҪĽһ˲ʱ򣬼ʹǰţô༤Ҳֻ΢磬Ȼ
ѵõǣֳֻĬЦһۣû˵ʲô
ȱŵο˸ţɻ󡣡Ц鿴ȥ쳣Ȼ媣ƲֻǣټȴδùṦټʱԶԶطԾ䲻ȴҲֻǻǶ˴ӽϵʧԼڤˮ伣ѵӵʲô⣿
ɻͶ£ᣬʼ磬ʾΡ
뿪֮󣬷ʲô𡭡Ȼܹùˣ
ˣԼǸģѣҽ뷨桮θ硯롣
仰Ȼûʲôԡ£Ҳ£ȽƺԸðȥǣȴõɴ۾ʲô룡ǲҪ¡
첲һѹסĲӣͶϣǰǰˣʲô𣿡
أ
Ҳ⣬û͹ԹԱ˵⣡½˽ֱۣв¶ز񡪡ҹϱܾôûˣ
µͷ˿ǰСк´½һ㣬С°ϸϸ˿СܣĶģҪҪһ죿㽫ҴСԵСϱ


||||
˭ܹŮˣ
ȱ½ɴ[]ʱѾԼĶȫõˡ¥ĪȾСС͵ɣµĶ֡
δ¹´ȤѵǴ˵ежţĪȾĴģ֪ȰΣλõж˽Ĳڣ
ԼûǸжܵȱºúһѡ
˰޼СŶ·˼ô
Žڰ뷨ʱͷŵİѰѹ۲һ飬һ֪жĴڣһ಻
ǲĪȾʱҲǸ绪ѵԸͣϾʮǰذȻҪǡ
ѣ㲻̫˰
ţ̧ͷЩԡ
ȱŶǣô̲̬ȣʮϷһû㼤顣ôŶҲߡ
ֻǳǳһЦġȱ²ˡ
΢΢԰ѵЦݶ˼ͬ˵Ҵûȱ±Լ뷨Ҫ˵ȥԸʲôˡһΪҪԸ壬ѵôҶҶãҿɲ㣡¾½вǳЦȻȱ˵Ǹܺء

ֶѵʱ㣬ѵʱͦ㣬˵ʱ򡭡˦˾С
ڣȻͦȱµʱ
¹иð¡
ʰɣùȥô鷳¾С
ͨЩҽ鹫ӵӡƺЩ΢
㶮ҽ˾ͨ˵ԼԶҽģͷˣεôöҾͨҲû⣬˾̫鷳ιιʶһæඣ㿴ҺȱǽãˣæɲܲŰԽ˵ԽʱһЦЦЦűߣһʱ䵽ˣ[涨Χ]㡫ǣʲô
ҺԲüǣ·ſѣڰ֣ʣµԼĥˣȱ겻Ҫﻹһͷ
תţ߹Цߵʱסĳߣ߰ߣҰϺˣ
ֵÿǡ
Щʱսȱµҩã̽¥Ȼ˾豻°ϢͰɱȻؾ衣
˴һȦţûʲô¶ҪȥȨģһֻ鷳һϼƣɴ߻ȥһջȥһչ̸
ذⶪˣҲֻһЦȱµ֣ȥˣġ
ȱµüͷһѲڴ磬㻹ʲôôġ
ԶԣģҲû԰ôרȨͺã彻ǡܽãˣסȨգһֻҪڽϱ¶ļ϶´󼪣ھ[]ɡ˭֪Ц֮ĹϵЦҲв룬Ƶͷϲԩɣڤˮ鿵ѾˣҲһ

53-54

̲סЦǵǶϼƺˣ
ʼ磬Ȼ׵İ취ȴʡʱֲԽġֻҪڤˮ鿱˺ڹͿƲ壬ɸɾĵ¥ һ׵ϵ˽²Ƕôôǽһ¶ѡ
ǡֻǼ
ѵ߻ɨеļˡ
£ȥ[ħһ]αģҪĹ򲻹һʹļա
书пɣƲϸ֣ĹӦǼޡ
ɣĪȾһֵ̳ģϾС
ȻЦ顭жµеûУֱӺԵ
ֻʣѪޡ
߸һ䵽Ѫϣºɱסߣ!ߣѾΣˣǱԼӦӦˣߣ
Ҳ֪Ψһıɡ
ҡҡͷ治֪˵Ů¸һǺԼһߵʵҪȥʯͷ˽ȱµ֣Ů˺ҪǱȱ¡ȱƺܹ˼һ£һĵЦݡ
˽£ѾͷǺǴϧԼȥЦ
˺ˣҲˣˡ¸ɺϣЦһۣ浽һȥ
µļһȱ£ȥĴҽӹ¥ǡ
һԵ˿õԲۣȱ΢΢㵣ûϵôƤԼֻ֪ʶصͷֱתȥȻͨһ
ȱ°ûתͷºܡ˽ɺתʣµԶϣȱһ˾һ
С㣬ԺӣѪͻȻڣ΢΢һ£⻹ǵһڡĴս¥
԰˵òô
Ѫ޵üͷһҪԸͰ˭ҪԵһ龰Ǳȱ²κ˺Ҫ
üͷԽšԽ°͵ЦǸȵĴ硣ҪԸ壬û˵ͿǼˡҪôȥᴫ˵ежţ
¥ľˡλʧٶյδ¥ȴûʹЩӵ١һоδ뿪ʱһĬĬ¥ִƴȨ
һ֮¥ʽ׼֮С
ʱһ¥
ˮԽĵطһۣˮԽ֮磬¥ΪʢȻٲ˲ٱĿˮԽһΣеĻ֮ڲʮ㶼ǴӴĪȾʮǰǰĻ֮ʹ¥ʢһʱٲȻΪˮԽ֮ס
ʢˮԽ뽭ϵɣٸˣϡ档Ҳǲϯֻٹ£¥ѵʱ뿪
ĵؽϣЩһֱɹܼҴʲôֱ˻أʲôĸĿһΣϡ档
¥ܼҿ̬ҲףԾԹ¥Ŀ˴η֮ˡ
ţ
޷ˣһǱƾٶִ˴ˮԽֹ跻ûпʤֵһɹٸΪţˮԽĴͳ
һĿһ٣Щ⡪¥
ǣ¥ĪȾ£϶ΪӦø¥Ŀ
Žϸϸһ飬Ȼͫһ֪ʲôͻȻһϣ
¥֮ʣ¥ȴͻȻ뿪¥ǰˮԽڽϣҲССľɡ
ǰ뿪¥űÿţԳƾѣҪͨ
Ըɻ룬ȴ󷽷߽¥Ѿźðֹ˽ͬκ˽Ӵȴδϵķʽ¥
֣ôᡭ
ңҸһûŪסǸŮ˰Ҷ㡣
ʱ򣬸ҪģȱǱ
ôˣɻ󣬡ھ뿪¥ҪʲôϿ춯֣ܰæľԸ֮ǰǰһи㶨
ѵͷʱ򣬾뿪¥ɸķ㣬һ˺ܶࡪֻǣһ㣬Ӧͬ׵ġȻˣǾʲô뿪¥
û⡣
ǵȷǳĪȾֻ֣֮ǣȴϳ֮²ˡݡĸ֡岻ͬĪȾؾݣȴ嵭һ۾ܹϳЦ֮֡¥ֶ˾֪Ϊǣֻһ˿òҲʲˣЦ飬˵¥Ķͷ˵Ǿԩҡ
Цƣʹ֪ƣҲһȥ
ڤˮϢʱȫţ֪ȱҵ£ôЦҲûʲôϡ档ܲȥֻˮ
һˮԽĴϲһƬˮԽǰѿʼ·˷ܵڴŻ֮ᣬԴ˲Ȥ˵ⲻ¥һɰˡֱ¥ٲȻͥУһ³СڣĿһ֮С
˷ǰıͲţʶͷк
忴ǰֵľδɾ裬ȴʲô·Լߴ˵طһɺ֮Уֻ롣
¥ĪȾ߳һȻ䣬˿δմȾաúʱ¥롣
һȽ֣ȴţ֮Уͨ͡ûʣĪȾҲûĸ֡ƺĲڶеһţ޲ͬǾ飬ҲֻǸͨĻ͡
һ̨ӣɳż䣬мһͨž嵽úãǰĲֹˡˣйٸˡ֮᱾ǵطʢᣬķƼٸҲԴеõһʺôȻҲġ
ǵ˼йٸסֽţ
¥ĳҪкˡ
תȥȻ֪ǾʲôϷҲģ䡣
ģ̨ɴḲ֮ӰӰ´¡
Աż̸ϣܿ˵̸¥һλ¥棬־ڶЩǰôȼһ⼸ˣ󱳺֧֡컨϶ܳиҵ֧ߺͱˣ¥Դ˹ѵʵȡʤҲҪӦһ¡
һп޲ףǣ¥ĪȾȱ֮ϣЦּ֮ѵΪûвף
̨ϣɴ֮Ӱᣬˮb֮ᶯУ˲ŵ˽΢΢üˣȴĿԼ֮˼Ϥˡ[]֯
ߣĪôĵӣΪйٸǴͥڣͲҶ֣ȱͶ¶棿
һˣǵΪ
ҪɱһˣȻͥڣ˭ץסİѱڴֽŮȱ£ɱö˾
ʱһѱϣ֮޲ڣʱȻӯӯһɴ˱ȶһݡ˼ˣͶ˲ʤϧֻɴ棬ɴϸܣƱ͸ȻԿ̽ɴա¶һ˫۾Եʹţסɡ
һõü˰ݼλͣ˿壬͸Խ˼壬Ҳ޷ȫжϡŮӣ߷ֿܾȱ£㻹ֿܲǡǰŮȷʵʶ[֯]һ㣬ˮȻ̡ǿĿ㲻ȷϡʱڵ
Ů£ܿ˼֮࣬ˣղŮҲǱɴ档ƺ֮ǰǸŮӻ֮вûʲôر𣬿Ǿֻע⵽˲δ⡣
¥һСϾƲˣ¥ò͡
¹أ
æкܣ¥¡Сײ÷˱㳷ȥżҲѾȥƲˣһʱһĵĳ桪¥¥ڻа¥ҪĹؼʱȴ糾ʤأеûЦ飬ҲĪȾٳ֡ع۵ѾͷС˷·Ƿ绨ѩ̫֣һץҪ޴ѡʱɰ쵽ƻϣҡҷӰȴ˽ͷܵ˺죬ƺֻߴ˵ط
۽һƺڱ֮俴һžƺӰԼ䵹ĪȾһȱµǸꡣסǸӰ׷ȥǸŮʱ͸׷ȥģͲᵢʱ
Ӱڱͼ䴩󣬴׷ѲӰ
ʮĻ
ҹĴǰԺδƻֵ¥磬Խ˷롣ֻѲصȣѭʧķȥ
ԶӰϸ㲻ӰҪ׷ȥʵʲôˣ
һĿʵĲͷǹٸˣڳƽʱӦ΢Ц¥塣
ԭǾ¥ˮԽܲͷͷһȭʵ¥ôûǰݣȴԺ
΢Цţ˦·֡õõɡǣ¹һȴӲ˿ɡ
粻Ҵ¥ȥɡ
岢ҪļţҪӦȥȴͷͻȻһϲضԶ֯
֯
΢΢۾ϸӰԺڰ翶ˡ
ȷ̨ĸŮӣȻɴ棬ںڰв߽ӭ˹ȥϲ縧ˣҪһû⣡ģȺֵһ֧㣬ĸƫһȥʰ
ɴ֮µƺÿɷһЦδӦֻɨһۣҲߣ˲һ㡣ֻһۣˮ̣ȷȱɡ
ͷڣ岻ܳ֡
ŮƺҲһ㣬ٳ޷˵޿֡
þһ˿ɡȱƽȴףȱ£ͷһǺ֯ģȱֻ˭Ψеȵͷȥֻ̽ͷһֱŮ˵Ҫ˾廹
֯ͻȻڣŮӡ
һ٣عͷɻΪһȫ޿ʮȻ͸ŵǡǸŮӣģûжӳףδˡ
ҲǺܾðɡ
ҲȻ϶ͣҹɫŷңԶ˷һ㲻У˷ҹȻˣͺúõķһ°ɣ¥ղݵһߣδϧ¹ѾΪ㰲ź˷䣬ЩЪӰɭɭһƬҹɳɳ죬һƬľ㡣
Ů˵꣬һݣҪȥ
Ҫ׷ǰͻȻǸ꣬վǰ֮⹧¥ЩϢ
̧ͷŮӺѾӰ
ʩչṦƿ꣬Ȼʼǰ֮⣬ȻƲ֮Ȼ˴ˣȻǳֱҪȥϰȻȴ꣬ǰӰһƮˣȻ֮⡣
ǰľɫƺЩʵطԼƺĳСǶµĲľס󷨶»õҩʹãľ֮δ̫ŨЩ
ʶƣҲһЦظ¥
һ֪УˣЩСֶΡֻǽռȻһʱӲԼҲֲúôǰ׷ȥʲô
ҹԺҹķ˲ðߡҲδš
ƿţŷԼķǰݺԣż㵽ôһƬ֣ȥ
󡪡󡪡
ѺС
ֲ˰
ոĴʱһţҹȥ֪೹ҹδȥĿ˼ʱ̨ӣΧһŶлвŲҲźֳһš䲻¥ĹעС˴乩Ӧˮƣ²
巽һ߽ȥŲ΢΢һ٣ȻŴӵһˣһһɴббһѿĵľϣһž¾ƺպЦׯңٴע
绪ޣЦ黹˭
֮Խˡ
ȺңңؿЦ飬֪ԼˣȴûκηӦֻżĿ⵭ɨµصעʹǰȴڶвٹٸ죬ֻôԶԶţʲôҲ
£ˣ
ЦԶԶص˸ЦݸһЦ绪ʧɫ
ЦһЦ鼸ʱҲͷ¶βˣ̵ЦݿЦ˿ΪȻЦȻȻ󣬻鲻žƺ˾٣רĵ[ׯ]
ȱҲãҲãЦҲãİԼ¥Ľɫ
߹ȥƺֵ˶ܹоȽѹ岢ûʲôʯհڳ߳ĳЦݡ״Ҳָԭ֡
ǰӶЦÿɷׯҶһ֣
ľּȿȻǿԵġ
ֻ벻˲ڤӵۣǶĵģ
仰ȺһɧڤӣǿЦİɣǸħгΪħô¥һׯң˵仰Ǿ壬ôϴڤӣ
˵ľУЦ鲻ŲæаһЦ˺΢ͣ඼©һġ¥ϴ˰աҲ¥һСˡ
仰Ȼ˲šȷǲڤׯû˻šǰìܵúܣֻϲϣȻװȴ˿ڲԼݡȻϳ˲ڤӣ˭˷绪
β²⾪ɣȻ˿ûȤԻ
֪¥Ҫʲô
Ҫһˡ
ˣ
档
࣬ͬٵҲֻһλ
ЦЦȻȻ¥ΪˡЩ˶Ǹ¥ǩģ飬ȻӦͬ¹˵ܹɵ˸һɶҡžƺľƮɢ
᲻ЦأЦ飬˭ܹԾ壬Ȼ
Ȼˣô[]أ
Ц͵͵Цһô¥[]ȤϧҲ¥ˣ¹ûô
ȴ֪¹ںδ
ǷææЩʲôܹʵģ
Ȼ֪ĻΪӦ벻ĸЦ龹һҲίԼΪʲôֻΪ˱ȱǸŮˣЦڣԼҲδܹ֣α鷳岻֪Цˣ޷ͨĿġ
￴˷޷һУΪ˻
϶أ
¿ЦͷǾ壬СϷϲ˶ðɡǣѾˣһЦڸһ[ϲ]ǻȫꡭ
һʱһʱɡĪȾ˵꣬ǳǳЦЦȻ֪СѾͷô⣬ĵΣգǼȻԼҲͬģôҲΡıˡ
ı˾ƴ˰ɣɵǸɾʮ㣬ȱǳЦͷԾЩⲻȥõҲˣЦȻϲŭ޳ʵȴǸ̵ˣܴ֮ԼѾˮ鿵ˣԾɿϰǣɲǸӣĪȾľӪ䣬ȴҪΪԼƻ
ֻԼ˶ʵҲ˵ġ٣Щˡ

55-56

Ȼ¹æת桪ԸǸŮӵıˡ
Ļ˵ڣЦ΢΢üЦЦʼ硪ѾͷشôأҪˣأ˿Ҫʽġ
ãȻת档
ЦЦתŨеȲҪϢ֮ıء
ĪȾһڳ֣ھͶڽգȻûίߡδʩҪ󵥶Ҫ˲롣ĪȾһЦ¶һĨΪѣ¥²ϹءȻԲھƣҪڡ
áЦŴӦǵǸɴǹΪסֻϧѾ⣬һҪɱڻǵۣ¡δ⿴壡
ǧñС¥¥ϲ֣ɴζ֮˾Ⱥ򣬼ӯӯһݡ
ɨڣֻĪȾСźλһҹĵͷһԲֵĵ𡣲Цڳ
鲢ǸĪȾ֣֪ǵĽֻǸͷ鷳Щµصͷ
¥۹ⲻĳ˷Ϊ˻ص˼ˣ֯ΪɫȻỨڣþ¥Ᵽʧ
ĪȾⷬȤ޸ɣ֯Ҳ޸ɡ
һˣȻ뻨޸ɡ
ϡŹԣסϸӰӳλáòң̶̼кһĸоͷ·ʲô鲻̫ԣȴץšԼɫȷϹŮݣͻȻִľעһ˦ֱʺȥ
ĳ̫ѸҲ̫ͻȻԱߵǸľѵ֮ǰȱѾû书϶಻һͻϮûвڶ͵תϮԲ
ȻһŮ͵ϵȥһԾܿ˴͸ٺеľꡣ
ɲǼѾĴѨϣ޷ֻǸԵŵɪɪ
¥ʲô
֪ΪͻȻѣ΢΢ŭĪȾԱ߿ڵ¥ʲôԸĳ˵ȷſͷ
ͬ㲢ûʲô˵˵ˡ忴ŮӣĿƵضɴ㲻֯ɡ
ȱڸû书Ůӣȴ䡣
ŮվһɴҵȻǣǣһӴģɤͬȱȫܹͬþ嶼壬»˭
ðɱ£ãеȻҳǰ
ɱĪȾźۼ¿ȥһɫҪҪٴ̼塣Ȼ֪֮ʲôᣬȻһ£ŭͽһ֮еܲ
ƺ˿Ҳûнյӵˣθɣ
һȵض㲻֯
Ȼû˼ľȣ»صž壬ƫŭһ˵һ䣺˻󣬵պùĶɫٱ䣬ԭһˣʱŭڡ²Ծغһ΢Ծɲϰݵ˵ʲô˵ľӵģ۸ͷûӣûͻȻ³֣ɱ죡
ſɲǼ䣬ԱɪɪԲͻȻһֵУȥٶѸҺ޶Ķ͵Ϯ屾׻⣬Ȼŭۣעȫϣûע⵽۵ˡ
ʱࡪдѪ
ܼʱܿҪԾɴʹͷ˲ѣ̧һӣǿƷ罫Բ鸡ɳȥ
ʧˣ
ûڵһʱɱˡ֯Ҳûһɱ塣
ײǽϣסԼͷݺһƣȻͷһ㣬¶Ѫ޵òһǵѪǲ鸡ԲֵαװҲ£жٴϮ
ֻǴʧֵһ̣¾֪ѾʧȥɱĻᡣǻһʼͺãֻһΡܾˣվ˵òأǲĶ֡
Ѫ޺ɲס壬ĪȾ׼뿪˭ó֣һҪɱľ¡
ϾˡҲô򵥡ɱþݡǣɺѪܵãֻһ֮Ѿ˦һߣ̸ĪȾܵɲҪԼСȥ
һƻѪޱҪ׷һɴĪȾܡṦ»ĪȾ֮ϣԾ֡һ׷ˣֻʣֻܸԼûܹ˾弸С
յܳ¥ͻȻ¥һȱ£
һʱ֪ȻΪʱһŴͼ𿪣ȴһʱûȫϣֻ𻵡
һ󾪣Ƭ̣Ϳѳǵ͹˾ʵϾһǹȥǸǿ̬ЦĶ֣
ûлˣֻܷ
ٴ̧ͷȱ£ߣ
¥˸֪ͨɺѪޣĪȾٴȾܡ¥ȱѾףѾϲס壬ֻܳ롣δüӳǰӰȻһ䣬ЦѾվǰ˿΢΢˼⡪Ŀ⵹ڿһˣƿһһڵغԼĿǰĳȱһ㵵Ĺ򣬽һУʩչṦȥ
岻Ƭ̾ѾѳȻѾȥ¥գ˸һɶֻʣ±˵ããȻı͡
ͻȻ뵽ʲô˵Ѿ뵽ֻǷɡ
Դƣ˳ֱ¥
ȱ¼ɺѪ޵ƣ֮£ҪչƣֻĪȾϸ¥֪ͨͰѡһϻ¥ѵˣȻա
һЩΪɺѪ޵˶Щʱ䣬׷
¥
¾ڣ۽ǣſϣ߽һô㻹ڿôණҲ꣬Ϣɡ
ôУұ뾡ȫȫ˽¥Сʱȣ֪¥Ǳ϶á
鷳飬ֻҪ£üȨþԭĲ¸굹˵ģ
ǳЦһ£һ˵ǰɡֻ¥ɾһ˹¸˷˵ĹȨҲˣһߣֻйܼʱһ£ûһĴڣҲͿ׽ƹܡ
ŹȻҪʱ䣬̵ʱѡʱһõˣҲҲãȡöԷЭ¥еĸֹܲͬ񣬽ȨɢռСһҲûа취ȡһС
ʮ
ȷЩˡ¥ȱ£ȴϢ
Ȼ¥Ǳ߱ϾҪֱԾ壬ȴΣյöࡣ
ձ˱۾ͻȻϸС죬վҲѾ˶򿪴⿴˿ûڡҪ𴰻ȻһϮʶȥֵȻǵֻϮҪĴ޹
´򿪵ĴУ˶ϵӰһ£ȴĪȾ
˽ĪȾ˽ֻһһ㵭Զˣʵ˾òʺһҹ¡ⱾԼʺҲ޿ɺǡ
ʱעʱ򣬰Ѻ㶼һ˿
¹ʲôˣ
ֻѵɫ뵽ʲôĪȾڵģǶû¡һߡʱ̸ߡһ·ƴһֱĻھ֮ҺþԵٶȲڸϵ
ûʰѾ¥յû˴ҵһѪ˵ʲôҲͽ͡Ҫģȴߡ岻԰ô¥ǻŭջЩܵˣܲɱйߡ
ʰĪȾ·гδԶȻ׷ѰĪȾȴ֧뵽ĪȾ󼲵Ĵţæ¹Ƿͷߣȥǡ
ţ㲻¶棡
һһɣܲһץȥһĪȾļ磬Ȱ裬۵ĵطȥ
ַϵľڣ⿴˼ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
裬òȻ常ƺȫⰢѶ¥ȨҲԷĳˡ
ûлӦĬƬ̣˿壬̯ơ
磬ϣǰʽ
ãʲô⡣ѵȻȫ㣬ʽǸ˿İˡձȥ׼ɡ
һ¡
ͬһѰֳĵ΢Ц˵ɡ
Ҫ󡣴Ӵˣֻ¥ûа󡣡
ϵЦٿʧضסѣƬ֮󻺻ָЦݣȴû¶ȡ裬Щûõһ̫ˡ仰ֻûҲҪᡣ
˵꣬ת˰ѵ鷿
תطУѹȰʧڴƿص¥֮ջµҲѾѪ͸
óҩ˿ڣĿĻȴ޷Ϣ£֯Ц飡һҲŹ
𰵺ϵ´
ϡһ߽䣬Ѿҵ⼸ڶ߸˵١
ãץԺֱ͵󣬲͵
ȥҲ׼ǰ󡪡˾裬˾ͲûȨıҲ⡣ǣȺܲˣҪǣܰ¾ġֻа󣬾蹻ţҲܲ
󣬱Ѿ˱ץˡвһιСòСĽɫֻ·˼ұȥסʱ򣬾ὫһСɫȥԸ
޴ɷйŭȴֻǰһǨŭǨŭΪƺЦֺϷ
һЦݣĻ棬û¶ȵա
廨ţ˰죬׻ûӵˣ׽׽ˣҲûʲôˡظţһ˿źɥҲûС
Ц֯
¥ǸոǼôˣҿɸܵ˻Ȥȥˡ
žһ죬˦ϣҿûҳˣ׼̾ߣסԡ󣡡
µѪһЦ࣬ǵÿ֡
¥ʹݣΣɲϹӣ߰Ƕһ˫۾Ǻ޲ýйޣǽƹô򵥡
ȱµ˴æϵԼ֮˴ŵȵĪȾ¶棬ȴ
µɫеѿʵûϵüǼһǱץ˰ɣǰ򷢵ЭѲһԭҪԭȴΪȱ²֪ݣΪµļƻܹʵУֻа򷢳ſȱµġ
Ϊ
ѾСе㲻ֵɣ
ºȱ´ɹʶģʱȱµɫҲûкÿȥ
¥
ĪȾҡҡͷ彫˰󡣡
ȻǾ˵Ļᣬ¥˰ѣԼ˾ӰִƣɱͭǽڣԾԮ
ô죿ȥͶô¿ȱ£ȱԥ
ȥȥɡֻаܱˣһ浽һҲץȥô죿οԱڡ³ȱ¼üŪ۴뷨ȱµҲǿ˵ôҪ۾
ھͳ¥ֵܼٷĿҲͰˣΪûüֵɱô죿ȣģȥ¥밢ѵı֮ǰʳǵ١
ǾҪȾǼ嶼Ըôȥˣ
ȥĪȾڵҲǵʵ˰ԶԤǻȥ򰢵Ѱȱע¥Ƿ֪֡ҵݣԲϵҶ԰ȴָơѪޣҪһȥɢǵעûɣ
Ѫ޵һͷĪȾ֪ҲЩǿҪˣֻǿȥѪǴӰĽģֻҪһͲᵹȥ
ֻǣǶףֻˣʵ޷ϣ
¿Ǹھ벻֮һְȱһ߶ǵľȱʲôʱܵ
ӦȽ
Ҳ·
ӦûҪ졣
Ⱦȱɣʱһ°󣡡
ֻҪһ粨
Լ˲ˣʲôȽ˾飬ðѳͽˡ
ֹͻȻмһԴɻɫ࣬ʵڴʲôգ
ȱǿԴƵһ߶»ϵ˫Сӱ߶ȥ
תȱ¶ĪȾԵ죬ѪȺúϢһ¡֮Ǿˡ
ֻԸܹ졭
µעѾȫתƣ˿ѪѪɫֿĪȾݵӡصͷò֪䷽ǲǵ䷽Ǻþûˡ
޽ʱ䣺䷽ģ
ĪȾѪޱȱº¹С첹ҩ
ĪȾû˵ҩǸʲôǺȥȻѪ˳ľ˵嶼ƺʱָҲףֻҪǿųЧͣҩ֮ȻڷɣҲûʲôô
¥޼ɵʱ򣬡ÿûô͡ɻŷ޼ءԼЧûô죬ȴûӰ졣ĪȾѪֲʲôˣȽȽ׽أȻÿ

57-58

һߵİη̹һٱӣƴ˼ŷɢϻƵʹ
˵ü˵һ˵Ĳ֮ʵǶҲȷ֪֪Ҳ˵ΪʲôԽļһﻹǲϷҪʳʲôȻѶȻ˵йߵζ
Ҳǳڽ߶ˣһϵˡҲо޷̵顪죬ʵζ˺ݺύеѾƤⷭϵĺˮһðһɺԣ˿ϵѪҲһʣһ̡ΪԼҪôͷϴ衣żͷˮ̹ǣȴֻúˮѪĻȵȫ
ʲôʱŻ
ϴ裬˯ϴȻô˯ȥϧÿһͼһµʱ򶼻ᱻˮѣȻ
̰ɣˡ
̵ľηĲӬ˵Ѫ˷ɣ˿䡣ֻҪһ뵽ЩӬһ߰ʳҲ˿ϽѣȫײĶˡ
ϧεľ׮ϣѰĿܶûС
ÿһΪԼҲܶһ̣Ҳһ˲ԼͻҲܲ˵ķ񣬿ϧÿһεݹٵΣ㲻ԾְڳǸ¿ˮ̵Цݡ
⡭ʱ䣬ЦѾΪˡ
ãÿһξȸҹĴҪƴظ߲ӬǸ߸ϵ˵ۡԣЩ
һοǸ߽һ˻ηؿŵȼٵĲӬŬעʣµһֻӬϣ۲ǵķ·ߣԼԵ۵ľ˿ڡ
֪ʲôˣǣƺ۵еңҲһˣ߸첲ӱ۰ָÿһͷѾĴǶء
ôȥ治֪ԼʱܲȫʬѾ׻ĥЩʲôϽøȥɣʲôȥ֣ˣҲѡ
ߵǰƺܲ񣬶ղõѼӣǲˣºȱǰ˵Щá
ʲô˵ˡ
úЦϧһЦ߳鶯ϵ˿ڣ΢΢ǶòѾ˵ܶˣôٶۣ⣿
Է̵ı飬ֱԱ̨̾ϵһ׶ӣݺұ۵ѡƺһҪƿڴ
Ѿһ첲ҲŹ
ڼ˵Ÿ첲Ҳûʲôá
Ȼ㲻˵ƺҲûʲôˡɿ֣ˣȴ׶ֱϡ⼸ҲˣŭϷй˸߰˰ˣڣֻ뿴ǼʬʱķӦֻ룬ÿ»ܳ졣
ɣҿôء֣סֱϵ׶ӣصƤ֮ڽ˼£һѰγѪȪӿʪ˾ӡ⣬׶ӣѪ֮ٴȥ
ѾףѪھĽ֪ãǲá
е׶ӣµݹӲ˲֣뿪ΡûȤһСϡ
Ҫģǻط任·˶ѡ֮󣬾Ϳȥʬ
ˣֱܵϢؽ밵֮ڡ·֮˷ֱĪȾѪޡ
ʹΥʮ꣬ĪȾȻ԰֮ڵ·ָƣĿϤ뿪
ΪԼٻ
Լ[][ĪȾ]ڰиܷһ漣Ψһһ뿪ˡ
֮кܿɧѪһˣΪע¶١ĪȾԴƬ̣Ѫһס˴󲿷ֻǱηصεĻ˴һսһ˳ηĬȫΪһ·
ĪȾηճĴһ٣صѪ΢΢̣͸µĺɫĪȾеӿ첽ǰľ׮֮ϣѪɫ
֣̽ıϢ
ϵһڣϣη
һ̴˷̷ͬһĪȾ뿪һϵɣ޷죬еҲĪȾһƬ½ǡ
һ·ȥĪȾϢƬ̣һֱصǵĲ֮
ˣԶԶţһȱº¼æӭȱûüŮװֻƬԥ㲻ٹ˼ɡ
ûаٵæû˸жµĹͣһֱڰʹΣգȻ°æֻһ㣬ôһ㡣
ǣһһֱڰæˣȴԼݶʼգ֪˭
ĪȾĬߵǰһ仰Ҳû˵
ʣΪʲôݣΪʲôڵϣŸһſڣȴ
ɫôôף׵úֽ֪׽ȥһҪԲٿͷģǣģҡֱ͸Ƶġ
šǸϽȥ˰ɡû˯ã˵ȻΪʲôԼͺɤ۶Ｗһ
ĪȾȴûжȻĬվ
ιܰԱڵϰɣǰɣȱ¡ȻûзתͷȱѰ֧֣ȻȱҲֻĬĬǰޱضϸ׵ָľĶ֣ȶִһֱûзſ
ڵʲôϸС΢ôΪʲô
¿ŵŵͼֲջֵȱ¡ιȱ»ָԭòʩչƻԲѡȥ¥ﰢѵæҪô׾˰ɡġ
ⱿװʲôӢ۰Ϊ˾ܵ䡭һСɫΪĵ˶ûСôֵɣ
ǰ˭ΪأȻһʵжûУֻƵģȴоһѹˣͬһп޵СɫһûзϢŮһع˶̲׳գôôֵ
Ȼȴûбˡ
ȱΣȴûġ
֦ͬͷһƬҶӣǧǧҶ֮Уûüһ»䣬Ҷˡ
¿Ų˵һ仰ȱ£߶ȥ˺۽塣Ҫȱµ֣ȱȴȻ϶
ȱ¡
¡ΪʲôҶģΪ˾ңһֱôáΪģθģΪʲôôƣƵܡ
ȱµֱססߣ֪һֱ֪Įȱ£ʵĺ
¡ѡ
ãȥҰѣ̾ȥ¥
һˣ¾ͽȥˣжˣҲ̤οЩ˵ȴ޹ؽҪѻڣ廹ڣǾ͵ô񣬼ԿҲεʱҲû̫ࡣ
Ѿûк֮ǣֻȫݰ
ƳϵԾɸоѾһʬ塣ǵɱ˾壡ȱûĺˣֻҪһ죬գ
ʮ˻
ĳһ죬һűʱһɧҡ¥屻Ѫ֯°в費ӣʱ¥֮λѪΪУҪȳ塪ȻѪ֯ûǿԼ𣬾Ϊˣϧ޵вˮ鿵ʧõĲˮ鿣ͬһҹַ֮׷ð˽
¥Ļ԰ڣ農ʯһ˷һ飬ȱ²󣬽ͷϣĬ
ƺЩˣλεģȴû¶ȡ٣
˭֪һ
֪ʱֹͣ죬̾ͷȱ»ȥ֪⼸춼û˯ãתסԼϡ
֪ԼѾûѡδ·ѾעΪ¥¥ҡɱԼΪˡ
ȱµĶͷ･飬ٴη
ܰŶ
Ŷ


СӸ̾ʲô
ҪʲôʱҸϱܰһأ
ȥСëûʲôϱ
ϤϤºɶڵ֧°ĽؿԽǲ뿪Цߵģ͵Ц֦ϱĿȷۣͷܹ³
̧ͷƳƳͷϷİˣţԼôĽ˸ʲô
¶һ־ЦݣкĵظСܽ͵أ̬ĺû̬ģûȵġ
ͻȻһֻЬͷٿվҪͻȻݺһ¡תͷһǾʾͷ
ѻͷĴȴͣסƺҪա
Ȼһ룬ȱͻȻסͷٴʵʵؽȥһ㵣ѾûĳղȱۣüһЦ̺ɫ˲졣
֪֯ģһֱ֪Ծ̲סȻ
һգɽмǸЦŮӣܹЦݣΨһԸ
úŶԺͬʱ״
ϵİӰٿվǰ
ôҲҪס˵žѾִ֣µļ磬ͷӨĴȥָһţסżһȥ
б¶񰡣һûȤڱأ
ڣ
Ц鵭һƳ֪ʲôʱ򰢵ѺȱѾվǰȱεƿߣº͵ɫȻе㲻ԺϤϤۻһİʱ⡣
͵ץҲԺͬЦôгɹ̫ϾҪ򰵸󣬰Ѿ׼˰ɣ
Ȼһ̸£ɹת˰ѵעǷű͵¡֮ȻѾ׵ʵʲôǲס˲ͬڹ򰵸ɱ壬ҪĲжϵ׼Ҫģ˼ȫ
ǳǳЦЦżȻʲôףһ£Ҫȥȴһ¡
ɱķԷȥ书Ƕһˣѡ
ûȷð˽ҡ
΢΢⣬ƤЦⲻЦؽ͵ˣȥ书Ҳѱ˷ˡǽҴãҲȫġ
ô
µҩȥ书ʳȻҸطһʧ
Ҳ˽⣬ԴֻһģĸʱЦȱȴԼͬʯġɡǡ廹Ըɱɡ
ȱ̧ͷŰѵ۾ҲΪ㣬ǾǲܷŹ
ûʱֻһ㣬㻹ǸϿһ׼ɡȱµĻҲĻȱ¿˵ϾȱºͰѹϵ֮ͬ䲻½١йǷŹĻᣬôڣѾ޿ܡ
Ϊˡ
ŮӵУͬķâһ̣Ϊһ˵ һ޹ؽҪǵѣԸȻͬŮͬľȻ̫ʱ䣬ȥǸЦѾʵ
û뵽ǻ˴Ѹ潭[]ǣƾ壬ǣư񰵸ӹȥûܹĥ񱻱¶֮£ҲΡô죬ڰָ֮ӣ޷档ܹ˵ʲô˵ԼǱ°˵Լǰ죿˵¥һ֣
ôԼҲ¥ǸˣˣҲٵ
⼸¥ĳԺǰ翵Ĳڤˮˣ¥ĲڣȻȻ¥˼ҲֻܶЩյӶ
ȻĪȾѪ޷ֱ˲ڤ˸ɸĪȾڰѡȱ¡ԼЦ飬¥ˮˣΧ塣
ȻѾȱºЦȽϺãЦ鲻뿪£ȱҲһǰ
´һӡ һȥʲô˶࣡ǽҲ㹻Χסˡ
Ѫڽ֮ѾһѪȺɱĴʣ¥е棬¥£ɨϰѪޣѾŭԹһгˮ棬Ȼ𽭺ߣȴڹȥĲ˸Ҷ֣¥ڤˮֹ򰵸ܲһ䶯
ӴڽʧڱȳĹ򰵸󹷼ǽӴڽ꣬¥[µһ¥]Ҳ̣
ǵģ
Цⶨȱļƻʵ˸̾˸иԵԭһ书ʧһڸ𲻱ʹѾǵпûϲΣճ̶ȻδѹǣûЦգ¹֣ûȱϸܡ
ò޷죬ǲҪˣ
ʦװݲеغ˼롣
һսرɫ
˴˵ɱıƲ߿ԣƴ䣬
¥ڤˮΧȻɱ֣ݡ
ݡ
ûһվеˣֻڱС
ʷϣ⻹¥Ͳڤˮ鿵һ֣ŰΧĪȾѪ˧ֱӲͬķλ룬ԵκͻذϤֱ롣
֮мѪɺӣ̤֮ʬ忪һ·
ڣһֱϰ֮ߵ¥Σ¥Ҳ㣬ԺڷԺ䲼øӣʵʹˣҲᵢ̫Ĵ㡣
֪ʱĴһеɱֶܹıܶѵ̱ϢȻǲϵµĶ÷ҪӺڡ
Ѫܡֻ˿ڣںҩܽѪҺһʱ䣬Ժ֮˵һƬֻʣ²¥ڤİ¡ƣһĿȻ
С¥м֪鲻ܴڤԴӷѣʵ𡪡ԹʹթܲȻʹթ
̳һ浹ףΧסʣĺɫơ
ˮӢһ˻ȱ£ͰһһԺ䣬·ϣܹмܡ
ԺУѾڵǣʯԣЦЦؿ߽Żվ԰Ц裬վˡֻϧһ¡
۾ɨߵȱ£ϬΪ˱ȰѶӦһʼɱЦŮˣôͣ
ƺ뷨ȴҡҡͷĴǴһʼʹˣִⲻϷҪһص¥ʱѾˣÿÿ˵·û˾͸Ȼǿˡ
裬㾹ȻΪһŮˣ¥Ӱһ˰İҪٵھ˵ȷֻһŮˡһпޣһҲһŮˡŮ˵ĸожãҲǱ˿
û취뷨û취ɺһˡ
߽Ժſʼȱ»ǵԼʲôʱȱ£ѿʼǻǰ顣ֻһֻͬһ㻥֡ͬϸڲ֪УѾ㼯̶޲
ǴǺɽˣֻĭ
ϧȴů೤ĸоʧȥ
ѻִ˽壬˲Эֻһս
֮ʱйһ˲ԥ
ǰɱֵĽ顣ֻҪѳбԥȻطӳ顣
Ϊȫľ
ǼʹȫӮҲδ
Ȼһһ
ѵȷҪһ֮ͬһȫ˽⡣Ĺڲ֮䣬ʵȴѷһ¥ôԼɱֳԼˣȻݲͬ˲ޱϰ书Ѳ¥
к󣬰ԼԾʤǰˡ
ʹ˼ѻǰѣҲǾ壬֮ǿı䡣
ӰȱһԾؿʧȥ书ơѾȥͻȻһ֣ػһԵĲڤһӵϣԾԵ˺ս塣
빥ŲңҲ޷˷ɢ˾»ʤѡȻʹѵĽѾĲ߰ݲðЭȻ־ܣȻطִѵĽæһƫԾɻ˾岱ϵƤǳǳһ͸
˺úݣԼȻ˺ľȻ
ѲٱκνһļͷҪþ֣Ψɥʧ
ѪɫһѸڰɫ·䦿š
ֻһҲûкһ۾䶢Űѣ¶һЦ
ֻȱ΢΢һУڰɱֻѾ壬˵עⶼھϣȻȱ£Ȼͷֽסȱ£һԲֻʧضŰѡ
ѿһִģʱڣǰ߽ͷڰ⣬˺ɱһѵ֮⣬ȫȨ𣬾˸ΪϿĿ顣
Ŀ飬ѶˡһֱΪѻܳϢΪˣܳͷأֻģ˽ľӢϲѾȻ˶Ů鳤ϧ¥ͰΪС
еĽȷȱ°Ĳϣ˵ŰԼ
ʵģѵѡֻһӿȱУľѾȱµ񣬳ˮûоţֻ΢΢Ĳͬǲǰ
üȱʲô£ɹʲôã

59-60

ȻȱµĿȻӦͻȻ̧ϰȥ˲Ӧƫͷ֡зĽиȱ¼ͬʱһѰɫĩȱΪ˽˺Сƫ壬ǰѽûܸĺȴڼѿһѪܵĿӡȱ޶ðͷΣͷ͸ĵɫһֱۣ
ԵıϢ֪֮ԼϵˣǷĩжΣգɱﵣϡ΢ʹصľ˲ֱɢ嶯áһô죬ôܷ޷֮
֯ѷɱѸٵѨֹѪѹסȱµ˿ڡ
ѸƳһԾɱסľ壬Ӧɱ֡ǣȱµΪ˿ھھѣѪӿѨѹҲ͵ޡ
һѱȱ£Բڤ˵£ѸٷԾȥ
ѡҲɱ˾õġ
ڼȻûɱô󣬿¸²ֻ֡ܽ£۾彫Σ޸ɡʡ
ҲֻǸ˽ˣͣᡭЩֻȱ°ȵߣܹȻһһչ֡
ҵķ߿ţȱ·ڴϣӹóֹѪҩ˿ڣѸٰʹֻ֪Ҫʱ˿ڲȻ˺·֮£ľѪܵˣ־ġ˿ƫһЩĺ
ڴߣ̯ӶȥԼרչȱ¡
ȱһֱûлԣʧѪྫ񲻼ãĿڴϣһ֧չİѣǿʣôˣ
֣ûµģѾȫˣ¹֣˶ڰæҪ졣
ᡰšһŰ˯ȥ
źرƿ¶ҩŵ߽תͷһлЦݣӹһߣھͽѸո˯ȥȱ¡ͷ˿ϵȱ£Ҳ³ŵè˳ȥ
վſڳһ㶼˰ɡȱºͰ֮ûʲô谭
Ȼܶ죬ڵ龰
ϲġνڵõҸġ㲻֪ϲǲϲȱҲõҸҲġοˡ
գ񡪡ڣȥúÿҪôǸӵĶ
ȱµ˺õú
Ѿ߰˰ˣܹõģչ¥յıֱӳĪȾһУк顣ףʹ¥ʮĪȾȻ޷ԼϴӰĶЩѾ衣ǣȴԲٽ⡪ѾڣʲôҪڴˡ
һе˳֮УΨһ˹ĵģȱµˡ
Ȼ书ʧȥϰʲʧȥһð°빦ֻȴʱʱ
¶Դδ̬һسĬװɵҽ߳Ȼῴģ֢ȴС
һжѾˣȴϲ
һ仰ҲûʣҲ˭ֻĬĬչȱ£糣΢Ц
ѣҪҪȻȥˣȱ¿ЦʵЦҡҡͷδǲ˰ᶯôͻȻ˵
ֻ¡¹סòڡ
ô࣬ǡѾˡǷˣôأʱ[]΢΢˼£ܺãұȥ͸͸Ҳõġ
Ժаں齣ȱ°úãʵʲôȥ
ȱ̲סһЦֻˮ˼ǰѵջʡʡɡ
ιẦûġԺֻˣȥ
ԺͺðȱչһЦ
Цݣ΢΢Ȼãȥ¡촽ᴥĶͷתȥ
ȱ¾ۣʲôҲȥ롣
нŲ߽ȣЩϤۣĪȾվǰסһƬ⡣һյ嵭ֻĲɣƺ࣬˸Ȼɡ
ôڷЩʲô޿ףżɽʡƺлֱ˵ȻģЩףЩӦŸһ
ûаΪʡ
ûУģʵҶóСҲڵ㣬ֻǡȴףԭҲ˽㡣óѺ¶֪Ϊʲôȴ˽⡭վ˽㡭ָḧգһֱЦȻ嵭ƣ̫ԶԶ˸о¶ȡֻǽգǷݵԶƺ˼ϧ룬һͨһ㡣Ȼƴ˴գҴŶ֪ˡ㣬ɻ˼ԼǾϵ£
ҲǣҲѾˣҲûϸҼһΣôȥԼֻǹȥҲЩȥڰںֻ뷨
һ㣬жۡȻû˵ʲôǿóһֱδı䡣[δı]һ㣬ܹڣġûܹȵùѡҲΩܹòȱ£ΪһѪƽŮӣƽȴҸʱ򣬴㣬Һź
ָĴᣬů˾һ˿˿
㱼ʶʱ˶޵죬ƽͣһԶȴ˲Ծ׷ѰӡУģòĵ
ĪȾ̾ϧȱ£˿ѣȴȻ·ûκԹܹϴȾҲȱ£յĸı䣬Ǹͬ޺۵ŮӣһѪ⣬ů绨ܹţţԷµĳɾ͸Сϧݸоܹıģֻаѡ
㵱ʱץסˣûдҲûܹŽյЦݰɡǰ촽ëȱµĶͷȱһͣ΢΢ͣ١
¹һˮɫضĪȾȱϵֻ֡
ĪȾͷһЦֻȴûзſƺΪؿԼָÿȱ»Ữѵɫ͸һ֡
¹ʲô˼
ĪȾ̲סЦȱ¿һȴһ˺죬˰ף˺ڡĪȾײ̫֣վİѵļ򣬡̫⣬ֻһ졪Ҷȱ뷨㣬޲ͬ˵ţ촽һ㣬еˮأʹ˷ѡ
ĪȾѾԶԶȥ󻹴ſһеˬЦȴȻȫӲվԭȻһƬհֹͣ˼
ȱ³˳Ƕ¶һЦݣؾǷſһĻ
ʮ
εȱԱվˮȥʢһ룡
ˡȱסӣɡ
£Ĭȴ֪ôڣ׼ȱ˵ĻĪȾһȴ֪ҪӺ˵ȱȻ֪صлҪ˵ֻߴ١
ֻǡЩ⡣صĪȾô¡
Ǹ֯˰ͷҲͷֱҪ˵ǻشȥ߰ɡ
áȱ¶Цݣںů֮£ůůƽš
ȥ׼
š
ȱµЦһֱǳǳعϣǵġȥԭ֪֪
׼˿ЩԽʣҲú鲼ȥʰҩıһࡣ
հЩҲŸ׼Щʲôĸȱ·ϳԣ·سͺ˰Ҫȱ³ţϵ˻ûãҪ·ϰ
ᡣЦºȴţһչ׵ֲǸ·߱ǡ
ȥʲôطҪȥȱµ˺ȥУ
ҾϣȬҪȥ
µüͷ˭ȱǡġƫƫ˵ʱ޿̲ȱǸᡱһ²ܲϡƣ̾һӻ֡ȥȥɡ͵ȼˡ
ôߣ¥˹û𣿡
顪ȻԺȥɡ
ڣҪȿǵֻȱһ
һʰ׵ò𳤷ºڶнɫֲѣ䣬һɽˡĸϡֿӻǱӣۻۣһøɸɾ֡¥ӡڰѼģᶨԼ
С磬ǰ;¥첻ȥˣһҪң
ֻЦһЦÿɷ£Ÿ˵㱻Цȥˡ
ѽݣȱ±˳ٴ˹ȱµ·СģҪðѺúչ㣬ʹʹʹǧԼšҪǸ۸һҪ취ңҴȥŹͷ
ȱǳЦֻ֣ȥˣ㲻ôš
ôܲţһû[]ãͲˡô࣬ȴʲôæûϡʱڸЦ֪ȱ³µʱ򣬸ȥȴѾˡȱû뵽Ȼڶ£ЦôûϣǾһġ
ţ̧ͷգ۾ԡ
㻹ǵõ¥ұңҵҩôǶƵıҩڲڤ֮ûµҩҸͦѵʱ򡣡
ûûεѾͷʱȴ˸еů
һ׮£֪ԼԭһҲûаﵽȱµģࡣ
ȱ£ҲҪȥˣزڤãڤҲسҪѲڤħһɣӴ˺裡
˫۾ȱºܹ²Īðһ˿Ҳʹڸȥ
Ӵˣڤ¥ٲǵжԹϵʱܻҲڽϣҲĳɽˮʳḻȥᣬͲ˻ǵȻŮӡ
Ѻȱһ·ߵúѰѳܵȵģһҲٶȣ;£˱ϢҲ̫࣬Ըϧ
ڻص˾ΥС壬ѸصסԺӡԺſţԺſϷ[İ]ͣšЦ߹ȥôǵˣ
ͷ룬һһͻȻָһѣ
·ˮբļӱһϲؽѰѣһѷƵһûվȣֱӱ˵ڵεرΧš
ѣѻˣ
Ѱѣ˾Ͳ˰ɣ
˵ȥ˺ܺĵطж棿
Ѱѡ
ѱΧţ˵仰ĻҲûУҺöɩĳҲһϲѽֵܻˣȥȥŰֵܣʲôЩƤӡ
лᴭӵЦŴкɩӣþò
ɻˣӶءأ
ڳϣЩãܲɩӰæʰһ´̣
ôˣ֮ǰѾˣⱼǲУػˣһҪúȥȥɡɩתţƿȱ±
ЩƺҲǵλ岻ãȥͰһȥֻһ˫˫Բ۾ͷš
ȱڰѻͷ΢΢һЦС̱˺ƻ[ڻŮ]ƯЦʹӡУӴΪǽԼϱʱǰ̾
ߵſڣɩ̺ôԷȱ΢΢Цŵͷɩӡ
ɩһʱҲˣУûмЦŵƾû顣
İ趼ǰһı䣬Ƕ˵֮أصϤĻҲ
Ҵ˵ʲôҲҪҰѹȥȼչȱ³Թҩ˯£Լȥݡģ㲻ңϤζǴ˼ģȾʱЩĲɡ
Ҵ翴ʵֵڷʲôϱ̫ã
⵹ǡֻǡʵϱѵĻ˵ҴԳһʱΪ˷㣬˿࣬һֱԷơǶɩһȻˣҾ˵أôСޣദȴ̲ģ˵ʲôһֱסһݵģ¶ˣ˼ҹǲá
֪Ҳ鷳λ֮飬ʵ̫졣
ɩһЦףһСô֪Щ飬ģ齻ǣǶ˲ٰأȥЩ첼ҺʹɩӰƯļ£Ͱİ壬Ӿ͸ǰˣ
лɩӺʹ磡
ǿʲô
ڶնҴȥϣɩڴһС̱طСƫƧ紾ӣ֮ǰԵãȫ˶ֺǺǵ׼
ҵҲû֮ǰ˻δ׵£ֻǸƯøŮƵδŵϱҪˡˣȴ˵׼ȱ»ʲô֪綫ɩӱŶҴĺ첼һѻȥȱһţӣϲֻϽҪ屻ͷ·ʱء
ȱ±ŪˣŴϺͮͮһţЩĵԧ廨ӣãȻʣɩӣЩʲôģ
ֵܲỹû˵
ҩ߳ʱͿɩӽݣֻҪҲ
˶򰢵ѣԲȻƿߣֻ롣ɩӡꡱһЦֵܻ߰ɴ಻תͷȱ˵ֵܰǸǲٰءиӣϽ׼ˣ𵢸ӡ
ȱ΢΢һ£ٴһź޵ɫԼĵԧ廨ӣ˶ɩ˵顣ãȻƬ̣[ר]ҩİѣϵһźޣͨɫ
ȻⱾûʲô飬һֱȷرʾҪ˹һӣҲ;ڰߣ״ԼҲǳ¡ǲǣǲе̫ͻȻˡû¡
ɩӿȱºЦƤЦġ һͷȴǸ[ר]ҩҲһŴϵЦ̾ûˣ˰һۡ˼ҹҺߣүǴʲô֣һסôҲû˼ص˼ˣ
ѱһɣѹǲߡ
ôһ룬ЦֻˡȢϱôϱȥ߾ͺˣֻҪֺǺǵظ˾ͺá
΢Цţһϲǰ֯Ⱥҩ
ȱȥӣȴ֣Ҫι
ȱ¿һװʲôûɩӣڵݵߵҩȣֻ벻סĪȾҲðҲãΪʲô˶ǰһ̻ǫǫӣһƤͱȷӻ
ԴһգǶҵԺӣȱҲֶˣÿмɩӵ屻棬ʱҲȱһֻǻӲã㳳֡ϲԾɱ˽ȱºͰҲϰա
ȱ°ĵˣĴѱÿչЦݣźȱµ֮Ŵϲɹñϲ׼Ȣϱ
ϳ룬ȱ±㿴Сһ滻µģϲɫͺƣҪסһӡ
ܾһӣöڴ

61-62أᣩ

ֵܣ㿴ʲôأ
ڽͣ½ţŲ֪עʲôطİѣѭߣһӡ˲ϵˣЩθŮˣҲ̯ϵģٽꡣǿǵһ㹻ǺóԺúȹһˡ
磬ǽȥ
ǡû[]Ѿ˽ȥ룬Ǵ£õҲӦá㼱æ˽ȥ
֮Ľֵϣ˿߽εˡǲǡЩ죿
㿴սǸˡ
ҪҪȥ֪ͨ
ȥǲǡ
ҴɫѾࡣ
ԹЩƽ۵Σרϸֹ۸ȻҲƵȥۼһһĿۣÿһλģ۸ҲԽԽߡ
ǰòƽ̸ͣҲͨׯˣϰҪΪǹװүġҽյԣ߼۹һֻɵ׹Ҳֵ֪֪ط򲻵ʮϵȵ䣬Ӻ׹ʤڵֲƷʵĲ㡣ҪģǴ˵أʱⶫĹأֵһӡ
ͳӵʱ򣬶ҴӼҪ
˵ţץסѣֵܣ˵㲻ǡǸʲô
ˣû¡
û£ûһСҩʦôѵôС
εЦЦֻɵҲиᣬκһ˼Ĺֲ˼ҵġ
ŶŶɡ˼ôӶӵģ˴Ҳûʲôϡ档ݳ޷粻ɳ˵ֵܣףѺöҲˣԺӿɲô˼ٶ࣬лһգмпڵˣɲô˷ѡ
Цţֻܵͷǡ
ϲ񣬴ĵԧϷˮĴ챻ףǴɩǰæѡģ϶㲻Ϻãȴů幤ҲһȴЩ˵˵ЦһһɡȱνϲǾůЩ޹صĶ
ԵɫЩ԰ף㱻ɨ֬Ҳɽ軨һ
˸˸ͷֻһƬůҫ۵ĺɫ
˷⡣
գ˼һ룬Ժɩæææµµر˾Ʋˡ
һ£ǰһź񻨣Ц߽
ʱܹ뵽龰ܹԤϽ顣ݰȣ㣬źͷ֮Ǹߵߣ䶨
һʼС壬ҲС壬㣬ҪȢˡ
ϵЦݾͲԽԽŨںԼľصٰ¡ܹ˳׵Ȣ[ĳЩ]İٰѣ˵ѻָ췭ظ
ȱѾߵǰסЩϹأ˭֪ϱ飬ôི
Ա߲һһλСɩվܲס
ԣȵİءȻһʽʹûʽͬһǰΪһϲˣȡ
ǣźһˣҪȽ붴ԺŲӣʮΧ⣬мƿԺеĴ˴˽
ˣ
һʱЩɻ¥Ͱ鶼׵ɻйϸ𣿿Ǽˣƺ
ֻԺĴһ󾪻ţæԱ߱ܿԼ䡰ׯԺһˣǵΪʲô뿪ģׯˡɲׯЩô
ǲ֪ôõǻϢȻûǹȥĲšƫƫ˽գǻһ
ȱµֱ߳ЦȻºͶغ񣬡λ֪кιɣպϲ֮գһºһ
һ仰͵رضɤ۶ƴҪ˵ȴ˵һ֣ǱѨ
㡪һ˼Ҫǰһ޶
ͷ΢΢һ㶣ǰЦ޺վ֡ǲǵһʱǵĵֻǣϾ˶ڣѵһ
СӣȻ֣ҲׯеڵˣӥүӥڿһۣǸӰʱ̬΢΢Ȼ֪ȱ¹ĺӣֻǣׯֵܵһֻ䣬ˣȴܲ㣡
Ѻ޲ºӦǹׯǣǲѡȻΪ¶Ȼᷭϣֻǽմϲʺ̸ЩѪ֮£ȹ»֮ڣԻλ̸
ǽռȻˣô׾ʹ𣡣
䣬ͻȻһһȥӥүʶˣѵѺԲʡͷһеģȻ¥ƣ
µһ¥¥ƣ⡢Сǵģ
ӥүʱһ亹΢ЦȭȻʧ㣬粻λȱϲơתȥӥүﻹæƷϣæȥҲûš
˽ݵؿŰѣ벻кƵҩʦôȥһʱ䣬Ȼ˲ׯ˶Ҫ˼ɡ
ѷڣҲٹس¹źһͷֱסȱµ֣ϲЦЦʾԷ֣Էȱ½
ԺƲ˾ƣɹٳҪչ֡
ѽȱͽ·£ʵ۲ۣ
á
һ°ɣŵˡȥɩӽչ㡣ȱµĸͷˣչɺãԼų˷䡣
ҹ߱ͣϴȥһŽݣվڴ߿˿˯ȥȱ£ͷףڴ֣ڴͷ˯ȥ
ڶһȥҩﶫ񣬴ˮĶһȻģôû磿
ȱ²֪ʱҲѾ𴲣ڴ͸Űææµµָе쳣㡪Ȼϲػˡǡ¥Ժûʲôɴֻɡ
ѷߣˮУúԴڵȱһЦȱ̰ӳųĺ飬Ϊ̾
ɩ緹͹ѺȱһԹΪơ
Ȼʳסڰʱ򣬵Ҳûκθ˼ǰõÿࡣ˿ڻѾϣҲûٷǵ»֮ڽ֮ʱƱԺúܶࡣ
Ծ¶Цݣһֱϡ
ôЦ
Ƶú˳üҾͿԲشˡ

ȱ¿ģֻһЦúʵ˵ġӦòֻϵ˼ɣ
ʮ
ѶȱµƣĵԽڿڿ
Ȼûһ˿ÿ˻أ伯ڰ֮Ҫأǲ̫ƵЩ
һԼ̵ļʲ糣չȱºҩԼϴȻȻϴȱãȻؿͬϷްȻȴȱµãȻԵøãȻԼָָԼĸ첲ôˣҪ𣿡
øʵˣݡãȻҲһ˿סȱ̲סЦðҪ
һֱ´Сĵػѵ˿ڴ
Ҳϰһ˵¶ȡ
˵£һˡǸߣʼղϰ߹ֻҪˣ޷˯ԼԼϰߣΪߵˣǰѣϰߡ
ʹ۾һ೤ȴƺȻ֪û˯š
֯㲢ȥ𡭡
ʵһֱ֪ȱµġĽᡱ¥ǸطȥͬģϤһֱǸƽİѣǴӽ󣬰ѣȴҪΪһ¥
ȱ»۾ԼҲû취ֵú壬Ľᣬ¥Ǹ˲ûĵطǽҪ¥İѣ
һֱס֣Ỻȴûԥǣڵ¥ֻҡ˾壬ǱҪ[]λӣӴֻ¥ŲòΡ
ȱףѱˡúõĵ¥ô׿һУ޷Թۡ
֪ǸӲĳˡǣôѾûڡֻǡ
ڵЩʲô
ѣǰ¥Ĳˡ㵱¥ȴΪ¥ˣ㡭
ʲôϵѳЦſ¥ˣǹȥ֯ˣȱأ
ȱһ룬鹫Ӧò̫԰ȱ¼޵¥ɡ
ȱ»ǣҪ־ҪòڤΪħģʲôɲҪ۲źá
Ц֪˵Ѿͬʲôȱ˲ڤҪڣ¥£ң¥͹ȥȫͬйعȥһУڡйعȥйؼ䡭¥ķȱ£֯һĨȥû˻
ȥģһҩ㡣շתĴǳϵ¶ȴݹȥһ˫Ҳů
ָ´˵ĻӦһ٣ۣĴ룬㲻ôްɣϿɻء
Ĵݲ˵㡪
ιιǰѡ
ٴαأԵȴҲãůƵĸһ㣬ơѵĶᣬᣬ䱦Դĵһֱڼϵ˿ڴʹ˿ڱĦӲ֪һ˵޴ڣ˰Χ硣
ȱһл㱵ͷԻ쳣ܿԼڴϣֹɵҡκ͵֪Լ
˯˵Ĳѣ쳣ĻȻĳ˵ĵϤĵȱѡ
һͣҲͣƿѵЦ⣬ˣ
Ǵʲô˯Ű˵Ȼҩ
޺һЦ㡣

ɡȱµȥ۾Ҫ˯֮
ˮǶɩӰæĳԵģ˾ȵ档
ȱ°ڰ֣ʲôʳƺҩûȫȥ˯֪Ѹʲôҩ
ٴλضѽϣӣ
Ƶںů
ȻůůͶϣɹģȴѾãȻ
[][ѹ¥]ҲȻ졣
ȥˣȻﲻȥģϲģǺܿ죬ǾͻµĻ䣬һ󡭡ʮ󡭡¥ҲΪ[]ж¥¥ˣʱȻõġ
ǴӺܾúܾǰͿʼȴںܾúܾԺŷ½ʱ忡ӣȢòˣȻؼؼȥ
¥ΡȻ¥
ȱ³?
ȱ³Ĳֵˣ㣬ҲдһءӺ͹ӴҸֵһ𡣡һΣҸɡ

 ҹ

ׯӣ˳ң͡

 
ĳׯĳԺĳݡ
ҳ
űһ߿ҡҡ׹Ůһ죬üĿŭسңڴϷ˳
Ǹӣ㵽ѡһ
ֻԺﻹĸŮӣΪһ˰ʤѩüĿӯӯ˿ǣ̾˿ûɵԺʯ¡
Ůһһ˵ʱӦ̱ͷô
ӣŮӻ֣ǸŮ֮⣬˱ܺĬĬȥ˭óƺأʱܸġ
ŮԱߵʯѯʵΪʦֵѹǡΪ֮ǰǸŮӣ
˭óԴʦߺһֱм䷢ʲôȴ˽ὲǶҲֻһ٣Ⱥۺɲ
û˵ĬϣŮһ£ʲôʱôˣǵʱͦˬôôŮ˻ˣ˭֪үŮǿϾʹٶãǶˣʲô
ɫԽԽôŮ̧ͷһۣʾⲻҪ˵ȥһͣڵ㡣鲻ãǱʱ㣬úþһҪȥǺúԣҪҵ̫ãţ֪ҵһ̫áЦݣȴ;ﶼ̲ס˸
ӳѩ
ȥӳѩЦݣҲûǸ
һȷѾ̫ˡ
ʦ֡С׿¡
Щ飬ܹ˵ף
̾һҪʲôأΪʲôأġ֪ȻʱǷۺɲšֻǣΪʲôһ飬ûʲôҪֻżܡ
֮УԹԵһȢ˰ɡǱˣӳѩ;Ҳġɲ뱲Ӿͻڱ׷ɱСģ˰ɡ
뿪ˣӾͶˡ
·Ҫߣͼӳѩ뿪Ƭ̣Ѿﻹŷݵġ
ʱģ
²ɣô֪Ҷ˵ģ
ʲô飬ܻġ
΢΢һ٣ʣô֪Ҹոꣿ
ΪԴһ鲻ᷳպܾáȻһЦƺһжգڹơʱȷԼᱻԵġ
ôȢһûУ
ĵĹһʡûȥҭôض㣬֪ӳѩûô׸㡣
ׯӳѩ㷸棡ڵôԳǶڣԼһʣ
ѡһʣһʣʲôͬ·ǶϷֲΪҵˣһǰɣ

ڼѵİѵȥ˳һһ磬ǰһ̻ͬһߣڱ˻ྺĶ֡
Ŷ֮ǰ˵С׿֮ǰһֱһֻǻعԭˣʵҲġ

ͬʱվǰ˼룬˵㵽ѡһ
ʵҶۺɲš˲ǡѡˣֻľߡ
ûȫ񣬰Ѱ㱵ؿӳѩ޵ľȷҲͦġαѰգ֮
ǡȢִСͷ˰ɣ
ֻȭػӹ
㻹[̫]
ҿ[ܲ]ӳѩߣתˣӳѩһЦٸʱʱ䲻̫࣬Ҫú롣Цݣ˴ӹͷ﷢䡣
˵ʲô
ˣû徲ϰ죬ڶһͼ̧ŴСƺƵׯ
⡪ڸʲô
ʲôϵһ߹һʲôأ[Ƹ]μҺׯƸ
Ƹʮֲط룬ʣ㻹иŮô֪ʱģ
ʲôŮƸ
ָָԼıӣǡеġ
Լ˵
ϵһѰȥǰ
үׯƸƸ񵥣Ŀ
үǱ׸СƸ¡
õôǱѡ񣬻Ǳ׸ˣܣ
ͷܣһ̯ӾͶԺҲϳ
У鲻ܾǶ㡣أ治׸ˡ
͵̧ͷĺ׶ˣôˣ
Ƹг⡣ˣϻѡɣƸһݣ
ȻΪǾ䡰ҪͷôôģŻ˵ڰôԺ󶼲ôˣҲȥѡһᱻһΣաңڣȽûʱȥһЩѹ¡
ǣƸҪ׸ȻͲܡ׸ҡ
˸ã̾ǵΪʲôҪ޸ңòҲûʲôҪ飬Ϊ˿ʣðɣôһ㡣͵Ĺ̲סȥύҲֵǿ԰ѾͬεĽŮǲõǧС㣬зִ磬ԽеҲ޹˼ɵغˬύΪʲôֻһһծ
⣬ϧ𰸣Ϊȴֵüޡ˲٣Ҳ࣬㲻õģǺʺޡ
ң޸Ҳ̫ġӳѩֵü޵˲٣ֵֻüޣȴֲĵģȴࡣ

ڵõҪĴ𰸵ҹٴܣֻһΣۺɲǲû׷ȥһ⣬Ҫ֮䣬ºȻǴ𸴡
Ͻˮʣ̾̾û϶į㱻һȺ˳ֵشϡ
֣һ˵ǿȫԱ룬ôδã
Ǵ˶ãҪȺۺɲҵˡ
ۣǰɣȺۺɲûз˵֣βǱ׷Ͷ·ǰɣ
һһ˵һͷߡЩˣѵ֪ô
˺ˣ˵ˣȻˣϹظӷ硪Աȫǣ
ӳǶֻҪǻľ¥һһҳԺȸ飬Ǹӷ粢ѹϹˡȻһֱⲻҪԺֵһڰˡ
һոһգ֣ȻģȴҲÿտն
һգٽľ¥ϣ֮һƳʱղߡˮƳ죬µϸڴͷ
ʱ֪ʱһۣҲٲ
 
¥ڤˮ鿡󡪡һսڴʱ֪лһһսʱ䣬Ѿû֡
һͣ¥⣬һһӰ˴š
תС԰㣬ǱǿͣȴûڼʹӭԺ֮С֮ˣһϸŮӣüĿµ̡̲һʣһȼ䣬˵ףԡ
ׯӳѩԴ̽شƬ̣Ůӵÿһش𣬲ξ¶ıˣȴȻʲô
ڴ˴δǨׯֻ뿴
ǣΪׯǲپ˹ȥ֮ˣûǨĹ˳λǰȥСҪȥׯӳѩȴͣ΢΢ͷȴûϣǸӢۡΪʲôˡǣΪߵˣΪˣȴ޷ˡһֱ룬ʲôˣĸ
ŮδׯӳѩҲ·ֻҪ𰸡
׸ǣǰȥ
¥תңңؽɽУڵĹ֮⣬ңңǼķأģ¥صˡ
·µס
ֿѣ֮Ĺ
Ĺϵ֣ϸԷֱ棬ǳŮ֮֡
Сʱ£ׯӳѩߵǰδݣֻǾƬ̣ͬʵֻǡֿѡôҪġõô
ӳѩû°ɣ
ξеʱŪׯӳѩǿܶ࣬Լģ˿ģȴܸܿо
ôҲû뵽
ԼıҲʵֻôѶһ̣ΧһоٵģȫǼٵġ
ǷһأôԲ
ֽͻǴ𰸡£¡֮ûлȴˡ
ׯӳѩͷƺû׾˵ʲô𰸣һЦȴЦһʼûʲô𰸡
ֻߣǰĹǴ𰸡
ʼնǸֿѡֻԺɡֵ
ָĹдֲڱָȴȻ˿ûбˣûԹߡ
ξ￴ܾãõԼıˡ
ʱ򣬵ȷǱ˵İɡϾҪ޸ʺϼ޵ģˣһǣտġ˲ˣȻĵġǣһݲʵıˣ֪γܾã˵һ죬ͻȻðȥһ׷Ĵܡ
̾һͷŻһҵգӳѩԺô죿
ô죿Ҹ˼ˣӣ
ֻ

ԥƬ̣֪ô˵һֱΪ㣬ǲͬġŮ˲ͬԼҲֻͬӳѩ˵˽ܹ͸һС
Σͬ벻ͬѾˣһŵģܵüţ˭ˣӶһĹûʲôͬ˵ˣǸ˵Ҳˡ
ҲΪǲͬġԣһգҲͷʵȴǣ׷ԼһӰӣǡ
Ȼ޾Ӧ£ôҲҪ㡣ָӱĹϻ룬ֲִڵĴУ·ҪָϸµƤϡҲ㡣
һҲҪ̫ˡӽ󣬿Ҳûʲôټ棬ء
ӳѩ
ѩİڷ׷ң߳ߡ
׷ããáͳһߣǻжԣһеԵ־𣬶ԵˣˣҲټ
ԭһ˵Ҳʲôı䡣
һξףꡰۺɲҲѳɼңϤأׯӳѩֹ֮˵ׯӳѩԶĮ
Ҹ˼ˣӣ
ֻ

 һ˵ˡ
END
!صС˵: www.27txt.com ӭȥ!