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ǵģӣǲýκθмʲô˴ǵλã ġԸʹϣܹʵ֣ǾסǼȾʿ  
ˣİôͬ飬ǲ˶ִѽŮ˵ 
İ𣿣װĺӣĵܵܺﶼİѽǼȻˣ Ҫʿܹ߸شĶŮ˼ҽҪ跨ȥԮǵĸס 
ȳϵǲܾġǣСͬ͵ܵ꿼ķȺʿ  
һ̸У׷ûᵽɷʿжԺίԱǵ̬ ʾĽǡҲûһִش޿ܱӡڰ˷²ʵЩ Ҫ˵ǿ϶ʹĺΪǵĸ׵ţϣ ʲôôأ˿µѽˣ㺣׷˾Ʋˡش˸ Сĸ֮󣬷ԸСʹʳʶ̡еС ·ܵΨһıˡ 
Сʹһζ˶򵥵ʷʷӺ׷˶ͬ 顣 
С޲Ǹشеӡǵ աֽй޲ʱӡÿԶ̺ ʱͰиһλϵĴý㡣ǸܸɵĺԱ ںھ̣һ汸һ̴ѵõ˫زŸɡסո˼ Ķǡڴ˸شǱˡĸʥսѧʦȫ ΪΪȫκ˶Զ޺ģʹǶһԶ ĴҲкôġ 
󸱣ԶУҵгɾͣ ļ꣬ѾһЩʲˡ 
ʱһΰļƻʹִո͸ɷϵ һҲ͵͵أոвҴһЩһֱռӢ ǲġļ硪ո治Ӣ档ˣԸ ˵ٽոķչڰĴһҳһƬ½ʹոģ ǲҪȡոӢ۹أҲġ ĵ뷨й©ȥˡˣ˽⣬ǲƻֵ֧ġ ֧֣ѣѣڱĹңҲ ƻ˵͵ˡزûлġͬﰮ徫 ԼóȫҲʵļƻһֻһԱӣȫܸɡ ѶŮиϵý㣬Լͳ̫ƽ̽ˡǣ¡ͷ һֱꣵ£ǻϵصõϢԴ뿪Ƕ Ժ󣬾ûڲеǺŵˣ̴ձԴҲֲֻˡ 
Ҳʱ򣬹ýˡӴԺӳ˾Ŀ׵Ĺ¶ 
ʱزţ꣬¸Ҽ㣬η壬ȫ ׵ĵܵϡܵܲҪҪѽĽԼʹҹ ΪܵһСλ׵ĽȻѽܵܵĹеŵ ĸ׵Ρִʮֶ˵ģӾţǿذƶԿ࣬¸ҵغ һһֻ뵽ܵܣΪҸǰ;һֱΪ еǺԶˣˣˡżȻ̩ʿʱ ͻȻִӾ˳ּ˷ܵʵ޷ݵġ 
ɣ̾һϢϢ׵ʬڻƧĺߵ һֻƴ﷢ˣҲҪʹЩȰŰɡǣҶǵĥ Щ 
Ϣľĸ˵ܵܣӾͳȥ˼Ļ𳵣Ͼ͵ 꿼ķ꿼ķڳõ֮ʼϣˡ 
ضԺ׷Ŀʷ򵥵˵ţ˿û뵽 ʷѵһӢŮɡȻ׷ȴ뵽һ㣬к סᣬ§ڻ 
޲ǵһι£ֻ۾Ž˵ڲ ֪ȥһУܵһСŽе 
ѽҵѽǴطġ 
̸̸ţѾҹˡ׷ӹƣԸѻ̫ Ǳǽ쵽Ϊ׼õȥˡǵ¾˯ˣõδ ߿֮󣬷˾ͽ˰Уѵӵ̸ȫ 
øСŮأУ̾˵Ը챣ҵɷ ɹɣ׷˵ӵĴˡ 
ɹģ򺣾ЩүǵĳǱӲʯҪӲ 
ȻУ֤׷˻ǲģһҹû˯á 
ڶһغĵܾܵˡԺȥʱ Ȼһɷʿӱ޵ظϻˡʱ򣬺׷У ҲԺֱɷȥʿ·ʧ⣬ܷ߿ӵķ ˣû˵һ仰 
ô»˼ʡ 
ôװĺףǰһĸζûУ 
Ǿܾˣ 
ѽǾܾɴң˵ΪѰҸ֣׷˼ ļ̫ģ˵ЩҵʧˣҵǣǼȻ ӡڰ˵Ȼ½ȥˣôΪˡոˣѲ أΣգʱ˿Ҫȱȵ˻ࡣ֮ ǲԸ⣬ʲôɶóǻǵøشǸƻأĴû ˣ 
ҵĸװҿĸװؽ򵽾ʿĸǰ 
ĸףô£С㣿ʿŮǰһʡ 
ǵģ»Сĵܵܣشӡ׷ ˵һעҪ¶ˣ 
С㣬ʿһ˵ţһŮʹ֪ 
Ļ˵ȥˡԺֻ϶һƬʹĳšʿ ˣУԼΧԱߵʹӣ˭˵ǿԿЩո ûһӢʾ߷߲ƽ 
һУȿڣʾʿ˵ 
ô˵ûϣˣ 
ûϣˡ 
ôãС޲еҳȥǰˣǵҪ 
޲䷢ݵĻû˵꣬ͱĽֹסˡСȭͷյýģ Գһӵķ߷߲ƽ޲ЩĳĴΪǾ ˣҪллǣԶл߰ɡ˵ 
˽е 
С㣬Ҫȥأʿʡ 
ҪȥŮǰҪŮǲǶΪȵĺҲװ ơ 
ɷʿҡҡͷŮµʴĳϵ Ůġ˺ߵǰʯϡΪӢĴϺ ִĶһдţ 
˿ƶ˵ 
׷˶ɷ˼ҲŮȥŮǲɹġۿ ӾҪžˣʱһΰͷ 
أǵһȣҵĺӣ˵ 
ѾŵܵҪˣͣ 
׷أɫ˷ܵɷ 
»˵شдŰʱǰи ϵۣϵ۰ŽǵѽɵأϵҪǸǼҵˡ 
˼أףʿʡ 
ȫ˶ĵš 
ҵ˼˵һ˻Ժһ£ӦǸе޵Ҹġ ô㣬װİ»Ҫҿ֣һеļƻȱ һЩҵˣֵ£мֵѽ 
װʿ 
ǵģ㶮ҵ˼ˣ»װģ˿Ϻһι̵ĺô ϰϷˣҪĻУǾͳɣ»ȥѰ Ҹش 
ʿһͶķֻˡ΢ЦŽӵ ʱ޲Ҳס˫ֱǡ⶯˵һĻУʹӶжˣ˷ ˣشķ˸мĺ 
ӵ˹ˣӵɷʿ͸ɷˣ 
شĶŮ/() 
Ѿ˵׷һˬˡղŵֱ־һ֤ ɷʿһλͻݵӣ˽׷ҲԺˡ ؿ󱻾ܾʱʹԳȥԮȸشûں׷ ǰ˵Ϊȥ᲻뿪ķˡڼȻȿ˿ڣһйǶû ˡȫҵʹӶӵ飬ΪҪԮȵĶոˣԼһ ǵͬǻʾӵ˹ʱʿҲĵΪ˹ Ȳʡ 
мѾһҲ˷ˡ죬ʿͷԸŸѵ˿Ϻſ ˹ۣе׼˵κпҪƵһܡӦ˵ ׷Ľʱûй߹Ƶ˿Ϻŵʵأ˿ϺȷǾм̺ 㣬ܹһԶ̺С˿Ϻһֻʽװδأ֡ ֪´½̽յǼȵ˿ϺŵĶλСö࣬ײģ˹նٵģ Ʒ̵ģ׵ġ 
˿ϺΦǰΦηСǰСΦݷͷ ⻹Ƿ󴥷СԼศϵķ㹻ģԺͨ췫 һøҪǿڲĻ³ƷģУ ƥмǾиѹܵĻԼӴѹƶ˫ ˿ϺʹԴﵽһڵʱִ߼¼ٶȡɲڿ Ժʱݲ֪ٶÿСʱѴﵽٶȣ ˡŸֻҪѲշװһ¾ˡ 
úգװúΪ;ȼǲ׵ġͬأҲ գװʳǮǲȱģһתڣڴͷװϣ ˭֪أܹһŰ˰صڵ򵽣Զб޻ġ 
ǻӦ˵ŸҵʮеģȻָֻһֻδǸ ˹һ㴬ţ꣬Ȼ࣬Ҳֳ¸Һ ɷﳤġɷˣΪһĺԱ ļγ;УŸαֳͳšʿ˿ϺŴ ʱΪλ꿼ķˣ͵ܵܰһܾ Чֻͣһֱҵᡣ 
ķ˹Ǹˮֵ֣ʮΡһǣˣ ˵˿ϺϵĴԱӡǶǵͶٿˣǾþ˵ˮ֣Ǹɷ ׯӵܡڴγһֳʵ˵ļţȫǴͳķ ȱɷʿһԱӣ͵һ֧ǸԼ ְҵȳϣ¸ңʹڼʻֻǶԸ׷ðյ Զ˿ϺŴκеĿʱòˣĻ ͶٵɽһƬ 
ŸȻæ޲ȻûǸʿ׼;еķ䣬ͬʱ ҪشӲòλΪ׷ѾӦڵ˿ϺС 
С޲㲻ȥ㵽ͬġʹҪ͸ ɶѷСʱһڴϹϰˮֵҲηϴһ Сúֵù𣿴Ҷ롣ҪͬԳ˿͵ϴΪ ϰˮҲãСˮҲãˮҲãҪģҪŸ Աҵ 
ã޲˵ѧòã˵Ƥ޳ҡ㵹Ҫ£ҵ ӡɷʿ֣µشò˵ϵġβèɾƤ ɣڴϰˮ֣Ѿһɽˣڵ˿ϺҲûáβèı Ҫ 
ϵĳ˿ټǲ˹УȫˡУǣˣ̬ ޿ǫֳĬֺ᣻ܶʲô£ʲôˣ˼ҵ Ϊ˼棬˼ҳҲ˼ҷƢʵǵ˵ı ݺҵ¥һ򶨣κҲ£ڵ䵽ߣҲһ£ ɵأһֱҲһŭĻᡣһҪҵһ̴Ǿ ͷŶֻһصոˣѪոˣִŹľɷס ԸΪӢ۹ۣУλڸߵغӵڣģ ոɵĶ顣ǲ˹УԱֵס꿼ķ Уʸס˿ϺŴȻˡ 
Ͼǵ˿δϵȫԱֻһ벻ĻԵҪһε ˵ĺȥˡԴ˹۵ִͷץסʿĺ ġÿ춼дιۣҹĵ̸۵Ҳʹͣڸ ĴۣոǺŵıͨոǺҲһֻƯ Ϳڵ˿ϺŵԱߣ׼Ӷġ 
۴СոǺȨѵ˿ϺſһֻСͧȻǵȤȴֻڸ ɷʿֻδϣһһ졣 
ǰ̵һһȽˡŸ澫ܸɣԺһ£ ϺѾװˣúˣһжźˣܹˡڣ£ ̣δͿԽγش 
ʿļƻһ֮󣬾Ȱ˵ʲôֺ̫ƣѽ̫Σѽ ȴмһˣ׼뿪꿼ķʵ˶̾ˡ ۶ױʾӵλոʿеıֽرһµǴ˺ ίԱǶ̬ȡ˵ʿΪˣǲƽϸ˵ʧģֻ Թְ 
£գɷ򸾣Уؽܣ˾񳤰±Լз ̸ɷ˵İ±̫̫ȫʹӵȳϻ뿪꿼ķ˼ͷ Ƕڴϰˡ˹ľ񶼻ʮ־黶ͺ׷ˣΪ һݵĺȥԮͬ¸ҵٸѽ 
ʿסڵ˿ϺŴ¥һУңһϴ䡣 һ䣬ɸؽܣ±ڷ򸾺Уסš Ͱ˹ķڿһˣſ泯мװ塣ԱסƽҲ ʣΪϳú֮ûװرĶԣյطеǡŸ Щռطڲĵá 
˿Ϻžڣ£ҹ䣳䳱ʱǿǰ˹ 񻹿һĻ˵ʽϣӣʿðԼȫ崬Աӻһֱ ǲμξѺеˣ뿪δ˹ϵʥϸȥˡ Ľ˶ƻΡȻһŽãֶء˾д Ĵţӭӵ˿Ϻŵĳ˿ͺʹԱ˸Ǻ档ǹ ۵ʥǰĦʦΪףԶʱص ŽرΪĶǵ棬ϵǰܵм ᡣ֮ȫԱ˳˽áӣҶص˴ϡŸ ʹԱæ׼ 
ҹˡһŨ̾ͻںҹĺ ϺŵķȫڷԷú̵Ϊʱϴŷ ʻ 
ҹ㣬˿Ϻڻ¿ʼˡѹָļѹȵ ȵšƽʱʹ˱ϳڸʯ֮ ĿºʯϵźŵѾڳа̸ˡ 
֪ͨʿʿܵװ 
һˮڽˡ˿Ϻŵص 뿪ΧĴֻʻĺû캽ˣǳ۶ʮ κ캽˵ĴҲָܱӵøáֶһתһת ˣֲŻŶ棬򶨶һļ ˣӱϳıеԶˡ 
һСʱ󣬵˿ϺŵͶٵʻֹͷˡ ӣƹ̫ᵣ˱ϿʼڴϺС 
еĵһ죬൱󣬰εøǿˡ˿Ϻŵú̫̫ ûеװȫڷǵܺá 
ǵڶת˷򣬴ݷСǰ˿ϺǿѹŲ ôˡ׷˺һװϣ;ʿУ һճľ׳ġ̫һ̣Ӵ˿ϺڲõĹâ лţķ緫Ǳ̫߳Źһ 
˿ǶھأԻ͵ճø˵ˣ һʵӵĿʼԸķҪתƣһֱ͵˿Ϻǰǵģ ٺûˣװĺסʿش˵һе˳ʼ ǿүʲôˡ 
һκҪܳʱװİ»ҪʴһжðɣŸ 𣿡⼫ˣʿش𣬡üˣκˮһ ϶еˡѺͻϵ̫ˡ˲۶ôȣǶ ôرͷһСʱߣҪȥǣͿԿ ھͿƹ϶ˡ 
˰ɣ׷˽˵ڣǵģˣ ˣĻҸˡ˵ 
κܵС㣿ʿʡܵˣʿоԣң ҲҲϰˡ 
С޲أ 
޲ڻǰΦϡұ֤⺢Ӳʲ ôδ 
һָҵ۾ǰΦȥ޲Сķϣڣ׸ߵ ߿ء˲ɵشһ 
ģС㣬Ÿ˵ұգұ֤֮ҽش һ˲СͷλտɾĴǲþҪҵģ 
ԸүĻش𡣡װĺӣһж ⣬ܴϣġǲԼߣڴߡǲң ָǡΪӦٶྫɵԱֻҪǣ ǵҵԳɹҲʲôѡӦУ ⻰˵ˡ 
»õˡ˵ 
ãһõĴԱӣõһִֻϡ㲻ǵĵ˿ С㣿 
ôأʿе۹ 
ģ 
ҴСͳҸ׵Ĵ棬ҸҲҪһˮְɡҪʱ 棬෫һɡ 
٣С㣬˵ʲôѽ 
˵ŸˣŸΪûһְҵܱȵ ˮ֣ŮӣҲֻˮǲãû˵ɣŸʿ˵ 
ȻʿǣȴΪСӦҪ¥ڼװ Ϻݡ⻰еܸˡ 
˿Ϻţġʿֲһ䡣 
˿Ϻűֵѽش˵ 
ģҿϲĴҵܵյȥιһ£ǵ ˮмװסô˵ 
סúüˣǾͺסڼһ 
סڼѽװĺסδǵոһѽ ͶٿֳһأƾںƯˣˣǲû ǵļ磡˿Ϻ꿼ķɺôװİ» ǲιһĹ󸮡 
˻ش˵ 
ɣˣ֪ͨһ°±ڡ 
δλ˾Ǹ󹫹ݵĺóʦոˣȴ󷨹һ ȳִһˡ 
±ڣǳ緹֮ǰҪȥʿ˵·ƽʱҪ׺Ϳ ȥɢһϣǻʱ緹ںˡ 
±ؾ˸ 
ҲȥУʡ 
ҪȥҾȥУش 
ʿ˵Ѿ굽ѩ̵ȥˣӦð ѽڣһ£С㣬Ǹ˲õĳרңһ쵽飬˯ҲҪ ء 
Уͷͬ仰ʿĿ˶ߵмװȥˡ 
Уһƽʱһ˼룬ȴӲ벻¡Ũ ԼΧסǶŴ˲ۡĬĬؿ˺üӣֻعͷ ͻȻһİվǰʹ˳Ծ£ӦʹԾˣ Ϊλ˿ѽĸߴԼ꣬һͷɲ ͷִֿ߸ߵĶǣıӣ죬úܳ°͡۾أ ŴԲ۾Ŀҹ۵ӡǸ ˡôһׯصԲЦΪԭڸǵıɣλ ȴʹηʹηӣʮ ֿɰӣԵһλúһжôӺõһȥ ûпڣǾ͸еϲ˵ǿӶŵ֪ ǸʮִĴˡͷϴһõѼñϴŴֻƤѥѥϻ Ƥӣ޿㣬ɫѿˣ´·µĲӣӡ ӣƤԼӰ˵ûõĶһԶб䡣 
İ˵ĻúöУİгĬǡγһĶԱȡΧǲ˹ ȥ˫۴УȴҲǴģҪ ȥΪʲô˵˿Ϻš 
λĿ˿һУע⣬ֻһɴ ׵ĴԶ濪˫ȣһҲ͹·ϵ·һԶ׼ ˮӵĵطˣӣְԶڼװϣְס϶ˣ һȡǣȻӵĻһһ׽һڣͻȻȥİ վȣֱͦͦصڴΦ¡ 
κ˿ҲҪ΢΢һЦУȴüëҲһ壬İ˿ǻˡ 
˾񳤣ţһ˵Ŀ 
һ£û˳ 
˾񳤣ֽˣ 
±ʱﾭǰװϵĳȥ 
ȻһİĴӽǶôȰôһˣ 룬ɷʿ 
ѽ 
Ȼ棬ȴ¥ռװ壬߽İˡ 
Ǵ˾𣿡ʡ 
ǵģһû̹ 
ǣŷ˿͡ 
ŷ˾ʡ 
ѽԣ 
±ڡ 
ã±ڣҵѣǣŷ˿˵Ҫ뵽緹ˣҪԽԽã УСʱûԶˣ߲˵Ѿ˯ˣСʱˣһӰһ ˹ˣҪԣҲ֮ѽ㣬㿪 
ӡ±ڻеػش 
뿴˺ܾãڣֻ´áڲţ㣬ô һɣһѾƣҶûˡ 
±Īͻڶģ˵ͣ 
һҪ㣬أûѽأҲ˯ɣҶã˳ 磬û˹Ҳߡ 
ʱŸߵ¥յϡ 
λǴ±˵ 
˼ˣͨʶҸ˼ˡ 
ԾȻŸΪͶԾ˼Һͨ ҲһسԾ 
ȴ˻ϻӣ˵ȥ 
Ҹ֣ǰ֮û֣Ϊʱ 죬ҿʼʶǷǳˡ 
Ÿ۾ôģŰ±ڣֿĿˡ 
ڣװĴʶˣǾˡ 
̸̸ɡңոǺ𣿡 
ʲôոǺѽ󴬳Ҳˡ 
ŶǵոǺѽһֻô˼ҿ佱˵ ãȳϵıͨչֺáиڷеĴмҲձͨǲ أôе˰Ľıң 
ҷǵмұͨıңҸͲǱͨ 
รôǸոǺϵĴ󸱱˹ 
˹Ÿʼµôˡɸɴظ˵ʱ ʿķˡߵ¥ռװˣİһǾͽУ 
г˿ͣŮ˿ͣˡ˹ϣҽһ¡ 
˵ţŵǰȥŸڣͶԸС˵ˣ ˽УС㣬תɷʿһ 
λǸɷʿŸ˵ 
ʿİ˸ž͸ĿڣԭԼһ¡ڴϲô̫ ϣǺܿϤЩһոǺϺнʮ ģʱҲÿЩ 
׷˺͸Сش𲻳һ仰ǲ֪ôڵ˿Ϻŵ¥һ λĲ֮ 
ʿǻʣ̡ 
ſˡͼڶѧ飬֡򡢴ķʩء ء˵ñάҲɡŦԼȵѧͨѶԱӡȻʼҵѧԱ оо˶ʮĵЩʵʿ죬Ҫӡȥм ȥ 
شĶŮ/() 
ѧǸɰһҽ˵ʮѶң ʿǰʲôһˡſˡͼڶֺ衣ĵ ڵѧ`Ϸйִѧηֵı棬ȫѧ ͨѶѾʹΪ׿Խѧ֮һԸɷʿϿҵλ֮ ˵ 
ڣǱ˴ʶˣͼڶһ𣿡 
ʣⶼѽʿ̸ΪԶһ¡ 
ǰ𣿡 
ѽʿǰϣӡҴӿǻ ոǺţǴӰԤոǺϵŷġҹڵúܣڴû һˡˣСʱƣˣ֪Ҫδһϴ˯ £ͷ첻Ҫ뿪Ըһ˯ˣҲ۲۵˯ˣСʱ ҵĻ 
ڴͼڶ֪ⷬܵ⴬ġλм ϴ˴˿ϺϵĴԱʥϸòμʽʱҶ ˣǲѧĵѧһסһ¸˵ʲôҪʲôط ȥôأ 
ĩͼڶѡ˼ӶΪӡȵоеĳ 𣿡 
ѽʿƽԸӡȡƽ룬ҾҪ ǸʵˡôͼڶһطȥͲ 𣿡ôѽʿط̫ˡΪһŸפӡܶĽʿĽ أһеѧһҪء 
񣿡 
ǵģһҪһмֵȤ̽Умƻһѧѷ άԡáʥҶġĿҪ׷м֮󣬼ǵ̽ ҵҪڿ˽ʿ겻ʧܵĵطɵ־֮һ仰 Ҫ³زĺӵϲɽ´ؾˣҪ ֪ǲڰķͲӻϡǵѧϵһ⣬ мܰˣʿһö˵ġ 
ͼڶȷʵ˵ýζˡ·ĶĳڷС ˵Ϲڱһ 
ͼڶʿĬһ֮˵̽еļƻʵǸ ˣѧлġҲԸټȥĿǰֻ÷ӡȵ ƻˡ 
Ϊʲô 
ΪڱӡȰ뵺ѽ 
ôͨ 
ҲǱͨŸش 
ôոǺأ 
ոǺţ 
ͼڶľ޷ݵġʿʿʼһģֿ ˺ϱֳͬϧɫֿŸ΢Цֿ УҲȻʼ磬۾һƣ 
ⲻǿЦ𣿡 
ʱĿȻ䵽ϣдд֣ 
˿Ϻ 
˹ 
˿Ϻţ˿Ϻţûغ 
Ȼһ̵ر¥ݣܵķ 
ǵùѧһ߿ϵˣУ˭ҲֲסףˮǶ ЦˡҪǴ𳵣ҲˣȷҪͶٿȥȴϰĻ𳵣Ҳ˵ ùȥôˣҪӡȥȴϿȥĴǴĴ⵽  
ɰͼڶһ㲻ִ֣ģ˼ҴΪЦģ ̫ˡһΣһ޵ͼձҲ˽ȥȻⲢ Ϊһ׿Խѧߣһĵѧҡʿ˵ 
ǣڽѧôأܲܰȥѽ ׷˲ǵ˵ΪʲôܹУһ˵ģǲ ѽʹ˻𳵣ܹΪͣһͣ𣿡 
ͣǲͣģǵһͣĸۿڣͿȥඡ׷˵ 
ţˣǿġʿ˵ǵǰһͣĵ 㣬Ϳȥ 
ʱ򣬰ͼڶڴ֮Ϊ飬ֿͰ͵ģصն ˡﲻϵع⵹ù֣˿Ϻţ˿Ϻţ·ֻ˵ ȥϸδ豸źһĬĬԵˮƽߡ߻ ʿǰ 
˿Ϻǵʡ 
ǵޣͼڶ 
޵ġ 
̣һʡʡᣩ 
ѽѽҵĵѧҽҵӡȵô أѧίԱϯط֧ˡûд︥иߵ зάԡáʥˣһʲôٳϯѧĻ鰡 
Ҫͼڶûоһж뷨ӣٵһЩʱ ˡ³زصɽеѽǲþҪͣ ŷޡ 
ллʿֻˡǣǿ˵ǸҲֻ Ҳֹ¡ոǺ϶Ĳλôأ 
ֻ÷ˡ 
รͼڶϸһֻ˵ֻδѽ 
ǵģڸɷʿġŸ˵ 
Ľҵдʿ˵ 
лʿʵڸлʢ飬СӡǸõط ѽ澪˵顣⼸λһûӡȰɡˣֻҪһ ת˿ϺתؼӶвǺ𣿼ȻС 
ͼڶĽ飬ֻҡͷͷӲȥˡֹס 
ֻΪһͬʿҲͬ⡣ε˿ϺҲ мѺڰǺĺԱҪȥ˻ص һǲܱġ 
üӣҾͰȫλм˵ˣ͸ļ𣬸 شʷֱ׷˵Ŀ飬֪ˣǳж 
ˣ㣬ޱһСĴ ĺ̰ɣҲԸʹһĵ顣 
ԸԸһȥѰأʡǲܵģˣҲҪ ҵ񡣵ǰһͣĵطҾ͵ȥ 
Ǿ˵ȥˡŸ˵ 
°աǵ˹Ҿȴٻص˹ȥ 
ðգı㣬д⴬ס죬Ҹеʮҡϣһ ÿ 
ʿҳ˴ˣĽ̫ˣ˵Ǹ ЦһҪȥӡȵˣ˵ȥĴ 
뵽⣬еƣǲѵĵ飬ҲֻסˡӴˣ Եʮֿɰ֣ʱҲԳĴġرãʹ̫̫Ƕܸˡ һĹ͸ÿ˽ѡҪ󣬾ʿļҲø ϸо˺ܾãһһطΪʿǵĽȷģûбĽ ˡʮֹܣǼԺܴϣǰ;ĿԼ϶˿Ϻ һɹԤԣʹŮ΢ЦģҲһͬȥ Ѱøش 
ں׷ˣһ˵ڶŮʱڵؽǾ ȣʶĸѽôеѧ߰׷˵ĸǰѧ ͨѶԱģǱ˴˼䲻֪ͨٴŰڶѧľһ ԱزѽڶŮͬʹ켫ˣ 
ҪһǺ׷˵ĶͷˣȻӢ˿ƺе㲻ʽ 
ޱĺδܿʻ£Ⱥʿ Կ˵ŵԣͣðͼڶϰ 
װľʿҲסʣϵ˿Ϻ֮ǰǲҪ ͣ 
ʿ˵ 
ôβҵĴɡȺѾо̫ϸˡһ ѧ˵ûʲô˼Ķоˡ˵˼Ҷ˵ˣд˼ дˣңԭֲѳģѵһǧˡ룺 ľƲͰꣶͰͰҲ ˣģνĻɲԵȺͣأ 
Ǿ͵ͣˣҲ뿪ǵԭ·ߡ֪װľʿ Ⱥ鵺оһֱʵǵġһᣬҪ λᣬں򴬻ŷʱʵһĸ߷塣 
ȫװİͼڶʿ΢ЦȺȺ Զ˿ϺĿ촬ֱǸνС롣 
£磲ʱŸͰͼڶڼװɢ 
ǷǶסŸ̸Σʳʶ̡ȻĻͷָ ƽϵһ˵ 
ͼڶ 
ʲô£װĴ 
߿ɿʲô 
ʲôҲ 
Ҫƽߣ棬Ʋ 
Ʋҿȥ 
ڣ˳ŴΦĸӿȥ 
ûʲô 
ǲԸˡȻԼɽڵƽϿ ҵĻɣ 
ͼڶԸҲãԸҲãСʱ߷Ͱǰˣǳ ϹӲ˵ 
ܸÿ˰ɣʡ 
ˣģǾν򶥷尡 
Ųмһ˵˵ 
Ǿѽ 
ôѽ 
ǣΣء 
Ȳϲʷ壨˹ɽ߷壩ѽ 
Ҳɣߵġ 
װĴȥʣʲôأ鱦֮ ǰˡǺ鱦Ǹΰţɽ壬дú© ɽصشѴ¹ִ˹ϵľߵǻ һֱɽϣɽĵطҲɽһ۾Ϳ൱ ķ֮һôһƬءɽ굽ɽĸأֱ̽ Ϩ˵ڵλ֮һʲôأ ⵹ǵģûпˡϧ¿ǵȴǶôİǶ ϣжٿɢĵĵطѽ 
ɢ̸ϣĵĻᵹУͼڶЦ˵ 
ǣװĴýȺûͣվأ 
еġǱߴ׵úܡ 
´иýȺڼӶԶڼӶҿһЩ ͬʡ֪һ˶˵һȺûж˼ֲһѧҿ һж˼ġǾѧʡ˾Ͳÿоݺ͸һ ͷǰҲˡ 
ˣڷýȺԵѧһй׵ġ Ҫͣú´ǵг̡ 
˵ˣͰѴȺ߿ȥɽˡ˿ żʻڣ£糿ʻߡԴˣˣ꼾ĳʪȵ ˳ΪˮˮÿǼģԷ޸ľġ Ϊûľȱˮȫˮʱͷǲվڼװˡ ڷ̸һ𾢡 
£գͼڶʼ׼´ˡ˿ϺڷýȺ֮ǰ УεǰʻεǸɳѣʮƶŴƬɺУȻ ɲʻʥſ˵⵺ɱһѩɽݹţɽ ʥſ˵ŸѴʻ΢壬һͣ΢ųǰ棬ڣ ĺϣˣȻ紵ڣİ쳣ҡʱ裬 ֻԼؿһǣƽ̨һĸԭϡ̨ǣ׸ߵĻɽҳš ܼȥʮֱ 
׷ԭ뵽ȥҲֻ÷ƻˡúĹڽУ ˲ѡ˿Ϻϵĳ˿ֻܶڼװ棬ΪϵˮͺϵĲ˽֯һƬ ҵ̸Ǽеˡÿ˶УΪȻˮ Ҳںġͼڶȥֻҡͷ 
ԣ˵ 
һǷ겨սɡʿ˵ 
һսʤǡ 
꣬ȥðġ˵ 
𣿷ˣҾðաֻҵˮһȫˡ 
Ҳ´һ£һסò̫ǲ࣬ͺӡ סһǲ⣬Ƕһλм˵ǲܽЩġϣ ºܴŷޡʿ˵ 
£ͼڶ 
٣£꼾ûʲô뷨ȴʱ 䡣˼һϤһȺڵѧѧѧȷ涼вٹ ɸɡ 
ЩԿ쿼졣˵ 
ûдӣˡ 
ûдӣСӰɣ 
ҲûС 
ôֻСϪˣ 
СϪûС 
ðգ͵ɭȥоɡУ졣 
ǶһҲûѽ 
øƯطУ˵ 
ҪʧװİͼڶЩɽȥ쿼һѽʿ ȥ˵ 
ɽܸߣûʲô˼ʿң⹤ˡ 
Ҳˣʿˡ 
ǰҾôùռȡ 
ܰɣ 
ǧȷͰ͵˵ 
ǿϧ´ôأͼڶ˵ 
ͼڶĬһᡣ 
治´ãȻﲻٳѾˣʿϧ˵ 
ȻĬš 
ҪңҾڴϵȺᡣУ˵˵ҪңҾͲ ´ˡ 
װľʿͼڶ˵ˣԤͣ 
󣬲̲ͣˡ 
⣡ҿӡ̫Զˡ 
һƹ϶ǲһӽӡ𣿡 
뵽һ㡣 
ңֻҪӡȣӡȻǵӡȣûʲôϵ 
ôûʲôϵأ 
ǵģǲԭϵľҲӡڰˣӡˣ𣿶ӡ ѽ 
ѽҵľʿ˵Ҿ뵽һ㡣ͼڶš 
УͼڶҪõ£ʲôطѽϵж ож̽󣬵жԷѽصĴɽвǺڰ˹ɽ Ĵɽһ𣿡 
ô³زأ 
³زÿӴˣ˼֪Ҳ࣬ڵͼ ѧҸˣôô 
֪ʿڵͼӵһͲϺüȡţ ҪҪĻѧҲҵȥҵӡȥһû 뵽ѽ 
һӾĴ⣬û뵽 
Թգͼڶ׿ϲһͬȥأ׷е ʡ 
ˣҵôأ 
ҪԤȸǻҪ׺Ͽʿ˵ 
ʿջң 
ټһ䣬ǻأ 
ۣǷ˽е涼ΧҪתͷ⺣ۣ ˵컨׹̫ˣ 
Ҫ룬ͼڶμҵȨѷֺո ֽѽ˵ 
ѽûġ 
ԶиѧҲμǿԸǰܴæģÿѧΪ˵ ϻбٵ𣿡 
˵̫ˣˣ 
ңǽʹɣ߲˵ǻɡѧǵ ļ͵Ǿͳˣְ͵˿ϺͲҪ뿪 ˿ϺŰɡ 
λҪ˵滰ҵĺǣͼڶڿʼɿڣҿǶҪ  
ԼأͼڶҿҲǳʿ˵ɲ𣿣ǲѧ ĵѧҽǲҿڣ̫ð 
شĶŮ/( 
һ֪ͼڶûһС޲һ±סľ ӣּ˵顣ǿɾĵѧҼײˡøСһ 
Ҫѧ 
֪ŸѾҪС޲̳һˮ֣ɷҪһ ҵˣУҪѵһŵĺӣ׷Ҫѽһʴȿˣ ҪΪһЩĵĽʦǵѧС޲ȻΪһʮ ȫʮġӡˡ 
˿ϺźܿúȻ뿪һ棬ŰĺУ £һ󱱷͹˳ߣϰ 
ɴĺо˳ؽšÿ˶źܴϣѰٸش ԶУɹĿƺһһӡĵǴ ԸԸȫȫҪʹСҸͰοرػ 鼫ʵֻԼã˸ﶼס 
λԨĵѧңҲϰҸˡæоͼ Ĳ϶˵ͼˣ±ÿ춼Ϊܲò¥ ˶ְ֧ͼڶУΪУԵѧϵⲻ̫ȤУͼ ڶڴ󸱵﷢һ飬м;ѧϰ ԣԣûһ˻˵Ϊѧģʹĵ ˳СƾѧԵı죬ϣһ̾ʹԡ ƴ˼һ쵽ѽѽϰŸӵԡ 
¾ͽС޲һЩʵõĿѧ֪ʶѵ˿Ϻ·һʷ  
£գʻγȣ֣ȣֵĵطһ죬ʿ һʷʵʵҲЩѧʵ˶֪ͼڶҽ޵ķ ʷδ˿Ϻ׷ٵЩ󺽺֮ʱȽײĩˣ˵λ ֱ֪һȫڶͼڶȴ ϶ס 
ûб¸ȷʵˣ˵ҲĨɷײĹ٣ʵ ʵڣĩڣһһֻ뵽һҳһ޵ĸݵ· ·ߵ֮һ仰ҳһݾӡȡǸײͼ ⡣ĴκУޣڿɣ鶼˹Ī˹Уϣά ϣ˹ӣһ½һֻΪձйĵطڵ ֪´½ĴڣҲ´½Ϊ 
ҺԸĻװİͼڶǣҲܲеԾҵҪ 㣬ڸײķ֣ЩҲ˾أʿʡ 
ǸײԺһЩǣǸײһйİºڴƷ̣˹ 棬Ŷ˹˹Ӱɧ˹ͶЩҶ޶ Уɱ̽޵ĺĽޣڣǰͺǽһɺ ǰǣʻߵĵطƷڣĩʻ ߵĵطڽӽγ˶ˣƷ̲γ˶ȵ½صģһԺ ˼Ӱɫ޸ۡ˹ڣڣԶУƽ Ʒ̺ɧ˹ϺУ̽ذأɧ˹ ڣҲ˳Եˡƹ϶˵ֻȥˡλ 󺽺ǣţֻģŰǵĺ£˵ ۣʥۣʥͣ˺ܾáȻеγȣˣ Ͽ׺Ͽ꣱£Ͽ̫ƽ һһƬµĺ̫˸ʱεļ˷ܰ 
ѽͼڶҵֻС޲ؽ 
Ҳ밡ҵĺӡү꣬ʵϾͲʧ ôһᣡ 
ˣǾǸˣ׷˽ȥ˵Ϊ ꣬ô¥ϸǽιأ 
⵹£ˣȻбҶǽѽǣ ̽ƤֵܵĹ͡λ󵨵ðռеΰߣ˹ơ ʥǸ硢￨߶Լ˿ϺҪĿ̶ǵҵ ʱֵܵķֺ׵ķϵͼϲ޵ĺߣʹ ѧʮ⡣ 
ţҪҵĻһء޲˵Ϊʲô𣿡ʣ۾ ǰʷСܵܡ 
ѽҵĺӣΪʲôأʿʮ˷ܵ΢Цʡ 
ΪҪҵĻһҪ׺Ͽϲʲô 
ԼˣҵСѣңҲҪ֪޴½һֱ쵽ϼأ ϼ֮䣬͵տƲһһءλտͬ磬 ʿԣ޲غſˡͼڶڣ͵Ļһ Ϊλҿѧϵա 
λҲѧ𣿡ʡ 
ǣ󵨵ˣǲû뵽̽ڿѧϵ塣ʱи ӡȹ˾Դ׺ϿһóоԵĿȨ֪ʱ ޣֻд׺Ͽ·Ȩγһ¢ϡЩҪ ¢һϿһˡǸܹ ˡǮ֯һԶӣֶŸһĺԱ쵼⺣ Աԭ󵨵ĺڣꣶ³Լ׳һ ꣬׵˹ڵ֮䷢Ͽꣲ£ƹ ĺ϶ǣǳΪ籩ǡñֵܺǸʵ 
ǰʵ뵽ǵطȥ̽գ޲е 
Ҫǵǵطҵĺӣʵϻе޵ĸˡͼڶ˵Խ ˵Խ𾢡룬һĺͼϣһһذ·ֱ бֵ𣿿½ؽǰһһСһһϿ ·ǴӲӿ˳Ľģģ۶ϵģӵģһƬ أһСۣԶһƫƧĺ塣Ȼηֵ½ػಹ ţߺˣͼϵ߱ʵˣԳȷĹκˣӵ ȷʵı½ˣһƬ´½ккӣнɽйȣƽԭд 䣬гжУԻ׳ģչڵ档ǣ½صķһ ķҰͷһ˲𣡿ϧҵһɽһ˼ҿ ˣ´½磬һжҵˣ̽ˣֹˣЩڵѧ ǳٵߣ֮ˣ 
ôû֮ذװİͼڶɷ˵ 
ﻹأ 
ľǵ֮ѽ 
ʱ򣬵˿Ϻޱȵٶ˹׵߹ĺϼʻš Խߣͷת׺Ͽڡкüΰǵϲ ˣֻһߣԼԼߡڣ£ ðͼڶǾߴԶ޺Ҳֻܽ˿һģģ 
£գ˿Ϻźе׺Ͽͬγȵĵطɵʻȥˡһ ˵·߿̫ƽ󡣺ϿȷȲˮ λĴֻǿжԡƽ̹ˮվںӺܶ࣬ʢ࣬ɭ ҲƷȫͣվС֮⺣Ͽкܶŵ㣬Щŵ㶼 Ͽͺ϶ûеġ 
ϿеСʱ˵ͷĺУֱִ ǰƽģɳġſˡͼڶ۾ŹϿκһ㡣ںϿ ҪУСʱƶľɫֵλѧϰõĹ͡û ̣ϱ߻صĹͺʯмĻεͼڶûп ˣʹΪʧͬȴܿġ 
ûаˣͲǰˡ 
˵ 
żѽҾĵѧңܻ˵ġʿ˵ 
˵ 
Ϊʲôأеѽ׷˵ 
ҺܻɣˣΪҿǡ 
٣Ǵġpatagonģ ˼ǡš˼ȱΪţܲȫɣ 
޹ؽҪġͼڶشִѼҪۣ ˼ҲЩ˾Ӧýʲô֣ 
дɷУ𣿡 
ҲãûôȤҪõģͼڶ˵ط˱Ϊ ˣ׸ģȴΪˣ˳Ϊ߿ ˣŵطΪˣ޼˳ǻʲˣмҲά ΪٹɳΪػݶأԼɿԳƣɿϡ ˡͨѽǣôһ ƣǷ廹⣡ 
һ״ۣ˵ 
ǹҳۣܲܲһʵ˵ Ӧ⣬ǵĸ߰ǴȷϵİɣʿԵѧ˵ 
ִĿԶܳϡͼڶش 
ǵǺܸߵѽʿ˵ 
Ҳ֪ 
̫ǸˡʿۿЩ˵мǡ 
ۿЩ˵м˵һ£˵ͷﲻ ˵ѧһش 
ⲻ֤Ǻܸ𣿣 
ѽǵտΪͨӢ˱ߵİ˻ߡ 
Ӣ˱ǿܵġУñӵĿոȾͲ ˣ 
ĵʩ϶ָߴǿ׳ͼڶ˵˹˵Ǿˡ ˵Ǹߣס 
ⲻͺЩ˵Ļסѽʿ˵ 
ǵģ¡ǲ޺ͷɵĻҲͬǿסİ˵ еģλĵѧҰס޵¡ά˹Ϳȷϰ ˸ߣ׶ࡣ 
ôЩìܵ˵Уһʵأ 
׷ʡ 
ʵôˣͼڶ˵ʵӦȶ̣ ˿Ц˵ЩУ׸ߣվֻУ׸ߡ 
ðװѧߣ⻰˵̫ˣʿ˵ 
õЩ˲ڣìܶͳһˡΪ˽ⳡ սǣҪһʹҿĵĻ׺ϿƯˣûа ҲǹƯģ 
ʱ˿ϺŲ˰뵺У߷羰ǳáƹǺ ˣѱ£ô֮ˡһӣĹͽõ ¥СʱϿͻ˻ʯңЩˡɽɽ ߵɭţͷų겻Ļѩֱ쵽棬ȶߣ ףڿռʡҹĻˣƻʱܳⲻ֪ڻɶ͵ɫ ʡϲǡϼָʾŵ·һƬУǹ ϵĵδû;ĸê󵨵ؼĺ̡ʱķ Ǹڲϵϼ鷣һҶľ֦ңʱŴӵˮ 죬ѼŸ֣Լĸࡣãǽбڳˣ ˵ĽҹȥԵøӴⶼһƬ˵ֳز ƬֳصԶһֵĺƷḻɭֱʾġ˿Ϻ ʱڼǰ溽С 
طɶڣˣס ʥֳǡ˼꣬˴룬ֻģѰֶˡ սĵʩǣеһУ ʷĹųǵķˣ꣬ʱҪء 
˿ϺĺǰճʱҪϿкţ Ƚɵɭּ֣ðеԲ롢೤ïʢĽȸ ɽ壬л߸ߴŲ˿Ϻ־ʥڣԭ ɲάΪ塱ġԶдȺĺ;Ϸƺܾ޴ ΪͿԿˮ󣬴ƹߵ½ǣڽܲż бϿĶ԰ڻϣţ׸ߵ߶壬һƬյʯ һƲǷָˣȥǿȺ޴½˷ ˾ͷΪ϶ǲγ»ĺеһʯѡ 
һϿͱխˣһǲ˰뵺һǵ̵ ̵һεгǧСţһһƬʯ̲һ ޵ĩ֧飬޴޺ӡЩļȣǶ ô֮ͬһǣ겻֪һʲôְ顣 
һƬֵ֮಻ϵĹͺĺȥʮֻ ֧Ρ˿Ϻž˳۵ĺתĨǵǰţһ Ҳһ£;һŵŨ̲ӵƵĺм䡣һߵĺϣ Щ˵У˿ϺŴЩǰ澭ûٶȡǣϿ תˣδתˣתǲȺĶͺϰУ ۺУСʱ֮ƤǵͻȻڵ̵ĩˡһƬ ۵Ĵ󺣣չִǰͼڶʮּӶ֣ػţվ ˡ 
شĶŮ/() 
ƹǺ죬ʻŵ壬һﳤ ľĺ塣üˡطӣµڶꣳ£ʾ˹ ɽסˣԾϷ硣ŸվʿѴż޵ ССһƬô壬һΦˣһ龭ּӹСľ飬ṩ еǺųûѽȻʲôҲûз֡˿ϺֻüУͣ ŵۡʱ뿪ǶĺѾˡ 
һͣɷʿͽ˷Сͧͬͼڶֱ˰ λѧĵѧ˵˵ǿѧ˵Ļ˰ ҲҲʹȼˡ 
˵ԡ˵ 
ǵȥɡʿ˵ 
˺أ˼üӢ֣Ŵбƣ˵¹פڿ ̡һСʱͿԵʿһӾƥͽ˳ǡ һǣƤֵܵ¸ҵͬ飬ðռߵάǽġ 
Ƕôȴӽ٣ȫ յ˲ٷݣǽǱѬڵءѾŵ̭ˣ ѲˣĽúܣ½ֵ˲ݵءûҵû óǲܵġÿ̨϶֣һõ ĸԭһ˵ĹųǣѱɸĴˡ 
ʿоԭ򣬼ʹͼڶȥҲһ㹤 пˡλºܿؽӴ˾ʿһ˵شѵ£ʹӦ غһе顣 
ΦеǺǲ޼Ǻģ߸ʧµ⣬ Ƿ񶨵ġΪӢԼҵ¶ӵйصĻƵı档ʿ ġصŵ棬࣬ϧǮ˵ȥ áһжǰ׷ѹغϸĵ鶼ûвЧֻÿ϶ Ǻûκʧµĺۼ 
ǣʿѽ˴ϵĻǡĵܵܲɵñֳĵʹࡣ ǵ˿ϺŵִŵˡʱҶ¥׷˰ο ûοοΪʲô˵أʱͼڶ ļ˳עϸ죬·Ҫļ˵µܡ ţһͷȥˣʱʿһ˵ 
ͼڶƾǻжһ¡ǶļĽѵЩֵѵ ߼𣿡 
ͼڶش롣 
ѵǰѳµصŪ𣿡ʿʣ˿⼸ ֲײ𣿡 
ͼڶʼղ졣 
󣬻indienӡڰˣǸ֧ǵ۶𣿡ʿ˵ 
ʮֶѽУҲڴǻ 
ôЩѵĴԱдļʱ򣬾Ҫӡڰ˵ķ²ⲻǺ 𣿡 
ҪĻͷʿͼڶڻشˣ۶ϱĶȷ һҾòܺ˼׷ʣͬʱ˵Ŀⶼ ת˵ѧҡ 
ҵ˼ǣشдļʱѾΪӡڰ˵ķ²ˡңһҪһ 䣬¶һ㣬κλɡͼڶرǿһ仰 
ͽͣС˵ 
̫ˣװļϵĿհףǲӦöɡڡ Ӧöɡѱڡһжˡ 
ǲܵѽ 
ܣΪʲôҵĺѣͼڶ΢ЦŶԾʿ 
ΪƿֻڴʱӽѽԣļϵľγȱȻָµص㡣 
һ޸ݣͼڶϿ췴ҾͲΪʲôЩѵĺԱӡ °ڵ֮󣬾Ͳ뷨һƿӣ˼֪Ǳĵص㡣 򵥵úܣװİͼڶҪƿӵһҪкС 
ûкӵ뺣ĺﲻ𣿡ͼڶش 
һƬĳĬ벻ֺĻش𡣰ͼڶ۾ Ĺâ֪ÿץסһµϣ׷˵һǻˣ 
Ǹ뷨š 
Ǹ뷨Լزһ䡣 
ô˼ǡʿʡ 
ҵ˼ҪȲⶨγߴ޺ĵطȻ⣳ڵ ңҪ뿪뵺һֱҵҲڣǻҵеǺŵĴԱ 
ϣ󣡡У˵ 
ϣСҲܺһƲˣƿȷĳһں ģǾͱȻҵ²طĵͼɣǣҪ ҵĻ 
˵ţ̯һͰ͢ʡĵͼǿ˵Ǹ һκ޴½ɢˡǿԽ˹ɽһߵҺ µԭм䡣Щȱȱȱˮ𣿲ȱѽڸ ӣǿ޶Ŷӣӵ֧γߴ԰ļ ЩطҲһ˲һЩӵӡڰЩ εĺӰϣЩɽشƾӪأ ʧҴ˿ڵͼֱָȥԽһ޳һ ֮⣬ǴˡǲҲţҵΪҪҵ ЩѵĴԱбҪĻǲӦţ߻Ƶһ𣿣 
ôĻΪжվ֡ 
ǵģҵĸ׾Ƕ޲ͣؽţ۾޲ðѵͼȥ 
ĸĶǾͻᵽĶȥҵĺӡʿ˵ǵѰͼ ڶĽȷˣӦúɵѭȥش ڴӡڰһССǾֱӰ ڴӡڰǾ֮߶صϣǵ ͢׶ȥһˣУ֯ԶԸ͢ڵеӡڰˡ 
ãʿãŸ˵һԲһ䣬޵н ᰲȫɡ 
ȫҲ̫ƣ͡ͼڶ˵˵װȲǣҲû ôΰҵڹǣǶѾ˺½У겻и άĦĴӿߵߵ𣿣겻иˣʡķٶ· ףӰŹȳԽ˹ɽˣ죬ߵ˲ŵ˹˹п УǿɾͬʿαôΪ˿ѧ оܹΪ˾˾Ͳô 
÷ж˵ˣðôΣգ Ӧøм 
Σգ˭˵СΣաͼڶң޲ش۾ɵ ģ۹Եʮּ 
ΣգΣհңҪʲôһν ˣֱȥѽѭγȺڱﵺϣ صγһģͬ಻һ£ǵɢһز 
ͼڶ׷˲ϻʣǼʧµĴԱ䵽ӡڰ ֮ǰȫ𣿡 
𣬷ˣӡڰֲǳ˵Ұ˰ǾԲڵѧ ʶһ˼ɶԭӡڰ°ȥˣꡣ˲ٿͷ Ű飬ʤˡһŷһֻ õĶӡڰ֪ļֵǰͺͰֵǮһ 
ȻˣͱԥˣӦȥҸϿ춯 
Ӧ·أʿʡ 
һȱ㵱·ʼеɽ·Ȼǰ˹ɽɽŵСб£ һƬϸƽɳԭҰû᫲ƽĵطֱһ԰ 
ͼɡУ˵ 
ͼ⣬װУȴ³ǽ뿨֮䣳ߵһ ˳Ǵ޼׶󣬾ɰŹȻɽСߵҶȻ һɽ£ɹڿӺͿӣǾ͵ԭκ ӣͶɽǾǲŵ˹˹ʡ߽硣Խ߽硣̹ɽ ;Ѱңֱҵ󰶱ߵ˹ǡ 
ͼڶһ˵һԶ·ĵطǰĵͼ òſͼġѩëǡ鱦밬Щ˵ļ ǿһҲû˵һĵ֮˵ԣװ ǣ·ǱֱġͿˡ΢е㲻˳Ļ˿ϺŻ֮ 󵽴ﶫء 
˵˿ϺӦڸ½ʥ֮Ѳ𣿡ʡ 
ǡ 
һԶҪЩȥأʿʡ 
ԽԽáǲҪ̽һ¸شľҪӡڰ˴̡ ɷʿȻǵ䣬УҲһǵʲõģǵʵķ߰ ڶ 
ңС޲ 
ҪҲ죬ܵܣ˵ 
Ϊʲôȥأͼڶ˵õһֶˣ ĸˣټϵ˿Ϻϵˮ֡ 
ôŸ˵ͲһװĴʿ ˵ǰŮͶڴѽ˵װ˶ڴѽ˵˿Ϻȳ Ĵ˭أ 
ǲһͬȥ𣿡׷˵žʿԵòĵӡ 
װĺףغܿͿԻǲʱСѽ ҡ 
ǵģ˽ǣȥɣףǳɹ׷˵ 
ңⲻѽͼڶ˵ 
ʲôأʡ 
ۻعһˡһһ˴һһ ߣһơ˵£߹ǵ 
ͼڶ˵仰һ۽ˡϸ˵һֻۣһϯ̸ ҵȫһ¡죬е׼ͿʼˡҾܣӡ ֪˷ݾߡ 
ڶڣ£աҪѡеˮʱҪȥʹʿ Ϊѡֻýǳǩǩķ˹ˮѷس鵽 ˡѷһú׶ȭķԼ˹ǣ˶ϲء 
ɷʿ׼ҪܰڳʵҲһ㡣һ棬 úԱ̾êһҪԶ֮ǰﰢ͢ ˣھʿ괬ֱ֮˵ھ⾺ԴҶ 
Ȼ£գԤʱ䣬Ҷ׼ˡʱȫ˿Ͷۼڷ ˿ϺѾź񷫣ڴŵ岨ʿͼڶ У޲˹ѷضǹ͡ءǹ׼봬򵼴 ˮդǱߵš 
ʱ䵽ˡ󣬸ɷʿ˵ 
ȥɣѣ׷򶨻ش 
ʿŷˣ޲Ҳȥ§ŽľӡڣװĻǣһ ֱ֣ټɣͼڶ˵ 
Ҷװˣ뿪˴һǾ͵ͷδҲڿ ߿ţ밶ס 
׷¥һθ߽У 
ǣԸϵ۱ǣ 
ϵһᱣǵģˣŰɣΪǻụͼڶش 
ʦš 
·ɷϵ 
½ϵ˸ź˿ϺſԶʻȥ 
شĶŮ/() 
ɷ֯жУ˺һСͷһڱˣ ӢˡְҵӸÿͣǹߵҶĸɽɽ ÿͽһͼŵͼŵǰ͢Ϥԭ·;򵼡Ӣ ӡӡڰһ𣬵ûȫԣڲܺÿǽ̸ ԣʿҪԸҪԷִ෽㡣ַ㣬Ϊ ͼڶﻹܽö 
ͷС͡ԭӢġ͡ص Ϊ̡ټһĺ̡֡ӦӣС ȡСĸǰߣţƥӡƥ Уλÿˣƥ͡һƥƥͼƥЩƥ Ϊ˽ƽԭõġ̡ǲСװڰ ȫٶȷ棬Ӧб֤ġ 
˹ɽһͨУûЩǿ׳ǲеġɽӣ õǰ͢ģط˱ԭʼƷָķǲϣÿ ֻһˮСʱߣһ㲻⣬ˣصĶҲء 
·ûһöš·ϳԵǸ⡢跹Ϳ;д ҰζȵɽеٲƽԭϵϪˮϼƣÿ˶ŵģ װţɵġ档Ҫע⣬ƾϲܺȵùֵ࣬ ˵ϵͳرܴ̼ƾǲܺ˵ġ˯̸ǣװ 廨ĿӸϡǱزģСռԡƤģ ƤСƤһ⣬һ汣ԭеëÿů͵ıţ ʪҹ˯úܺ 
ʿǸвӦطϰߵˡΪԼͬ׼˵ķ װͼڶ޲ǺӣһһСͷһ׽񣬽 һǳƤѥеֲ֧Ƕ֡һӻأм䴩һ ѥСĺƤɵġǳ˵ҲƯƯεǰ ʽĽϵƤʵԵãͷǽ̻Ի͵ͷ ɫ޵ĴװŵĸͼڶǴĴģʱҪϼš һϰӣĵţŴԶ̤ӣͷԼ ߡӷǳʮ⡣С޲һⱳһδĵһ ֡ 
ȫӳʣơȻոڵ÷ǳˬһ Сŵ۵ĺѸǰ£̤ϣߵĩ ˡһڸ̲صĽέѸٴУ˴˲˵ٱÿ͵ ǿҵӡ󡣵˿Ϻðḷ́ʧߣǻԿüҲ˵ ֻǺѧĵѧϰµԴ 
ÿͲ˵ͷҲǸ൱Ĭˣְҵûʹɺ˵ ϰߡԡ̡˵ʱú١̡УǳӦ ¡ҪƥͣˣǾúһٲߣӸʯӣʯӵ ൱׼ִֵҲӵġҪһɢˣһˣ̡ ¡֡סӵͷˣ̼ǰ 
ϰ糿ʱ緹ֱߵ磴Ъҹʿϰߡ 죬򵼣ͷӷϢźʱÿ˺϶˵İ޸ǣֱ Ϊֹû뿪ĭɽĺҪУֱ壬ŵ Ķ˵㡣ʿһѾ߱˺ǲûҵκγĺۼȥҲ ǰ׷ѣ԰޸Ϊ㡣ѭһֱ·߽ 
һ˳ǣһʮּªҹ 
޸ǰ޼ǵ׶޼ķ֧һ˸߰ǿ ϱûܹͳεֻһˡ޸һˣ ȴûǵʱֿ˺ڵֿһǶġ װ졪ʼƮлǹµɽϡ 
Ԥʱ򣬾ʿͼڶЩݶéݸǳɵķӼɢɢ һúһʥ޵Ժַ⣬޸ûʲôɿˡʿ ͼйسϢûеõͼڶ˵ʧ ޸ǵ˵Ķǰ޼ġһֱ׺Ͽͨá ͼڶ˵ٺҲûáȲܺ˽̸ֻĿǸеʮ 죬Ϊ޼Ǹֵ͵˶ǰƾ۲졣Ӷ ߴ沿ƽƤʹͭɫûкӣ۹ɣԴͷֳֺͷ ֺУ·̫ƽʢµսʿǵŮ˶ܳԿͣ æżΪˢԣ⣬ǻִ֯ ɫġ֡һҪ֯꣬ͼǮҲҪԪ 
ܵ˵޼һֵע壬൱ҰеĻϰ ǼУֻһ£ǰ 
Щ˹ʹϣһƣ˰ 
ͼڶɢΧųʱš 
Ҷλɾѧ̫ˡ˵޸ǵʱ ŷ˵ر˸ĪУΪʲôǿľ ϵ˵ȻġΪǰһͬ ޼ǹУ̹֡ͺܽ˵λʵ˹Ǹ صĺˣӣڷİʦ˰޼ǹ ֱһ̨ĹΪΪӱϸˡУ һʦ˹ֱ±΢΢һЦͼڶȴһ˵һʦ һùҲһһʦҪ׵öࡣ⻰Ц ׾ƣÿ˺˼ΣΪǰ޼ǹĽɱͷÿǸԹ ֡Ȼˡ 
ڶ糿˵ӣȡǰ̡ںһСϣ ߵ·ˡǴ޼ǵƬѺȺķֵĵǣ̽ ϡˡһ·ѵˡ˹հࡱéդ˹հࡱ޴½ ӡڰ˵ˡʱһվǱƽԭε ܷĵطһӡ˺ӺͶŰͶ·򵼷һǳ ̲ҰȻɹˡʱ˹ɽѾչֳһԲ 塣ɽľ޴ĻǾ޴Ͳ֡ 
磴ʱѾһˣ·ҾڿҰһþ޴ҰʯͣЪ ˡж֣ɵȥǲݳϵ۲ݡеǸѡƤ Ͼϯʱϯϰ˯ָһƣͣҹɡ̡ Ρ 
ȻʣȫԱ޲ڣ彡;пʼ˳ ԣΪӦúڶĳһƷ硱˳ˣֱǰԵڣߵø졣 ӵļҲȻɹˡϾڱЪҹطǽ˹֮䡣ʿ һǰˣûб仯ȻǷֵʢŹ˲ݣľ ޻ơ𸡢ӱӥһЩȸկе ࡣЩȶ׷ڴçСˣĺ١ѵϼӡ ˺˵ĻѪ˩Ẉ̂ű̵Ѫƽԭϱţ Ӱһ߹ȥ·Ҳʻˣ˾ԴϢɷ κβãˣֻӣѸǰС 
գʱϰߵĴ޲ǲΪһ Ҫߵǡȡǰ棬ǳԾ˿ͷֻоʿֹʹС һ˻صԭλ 
·ȽЩˣߵԤʾǰҪɽˣҲˣɽ šͼڶʱĵͼЩϪͼ©ˣĳһ ڵͼûУʮͷϼðֿЦֿɰ 
һû֣͵û֤ѧķϿǲڵġ 
ˣظЩûֵĺȡ֣ڵͼϼÿӶ һݴʡ 
øﰡϵ˵ô԰ǸƳɵģ ĳɷǰͭӵͭһ 
õ֣ѧЩ˰ɣʿ 
ȻнѽװľʿҪĻֻϧҪʵ ܽ˼ö 
ͼڶϣܰ˵ø׼ȷһߣһŬ˷ѣɤӶ ˡͬʱûѧϵһ棬ǸУȫҲҲ ˡֻҪʿһ⣬֪صһص㣬Ĳѧͬ ǰͷˣص˵ˣ򵼵۾㵼ˡ 
ʱһ·һֱѭŵֱߡ ʿȻҪ·Ȼǰͼڶشˣ 
ٲͨɼ· 
ʿ򵼡 
ȫԡ򵼻ش 
ţתǵѧңʵ 
ط𣿡 
Ȼͼڶһ˵ 
ģ 
ڰġ 
һ仰˼Ϊʼͻص˶ǰȥˡ 
㣬һɽЪɽС޹ǵı߼ĵ ҹǾɽҰӪЩɽѾ˹ɽ͵Ľˡ 
شĶŮ/() 
ֱʱΪֹǻûκص⡣ڣɽ ҪϰΣնͬʱˡȻҪʼˡ 
иҪڳǰȽ·Խ˹ɽ벻ԭ· أ򵼡 
һߵҶֻ֪·ߡش𡣡һǹȥ鷢ֵİ ￨·ͼڶ˵ 
һ㲻 
ά￨ϵҲͽά￨· 
ǡ 
ôѣ·һëǹƫ͹ƫϡ 
һ·𣿡Уʡ 
УǾǰŹСλڻɽбϣγȣֵĵط ˵ǵԤ·ֻȡСǰܵ񡤵á³̽ģ߽ ײһ㡣 
ãŹС·ϵ𣿡ʿ򵼡 
ϵõģʿ·Ҳ߹ûᵽΪСҲ ֻǿͨȺɽ´ӡڰߵġ 
ôѣ׻ʲ˵ţߵĵطǾߡ 
Ȼ·ԾֱϣǾС·ɡ 
̣źŷˣȫ˹չ˹ɽȣ߶ǴԵĽᾧʯ ң·һобߡԼ⾰ҪƹһСС һȻˮأǸСӵĻ㣬羰ѡˮʧ һƬСһһĸԭֲݣӡڰ˵ţȺ һƬϱبŵأпصı죬ҰȻɹˡ 㣬ӰǱԱƹɽѾ𽥶ʯͷ׵ģʯ¹ţγ һֻʯٲ쵽ӵʱࣱлٵĲк ݡЩż˻⡣ 
ģɽǸҪϵﱤѽͼڶ˵ 
ط·ߣҺաɽµ¶ȼӴˣͷС·խ µĿӹúˡӽţŵأɽ·һһǰ ʱһ䣬ȡˣжӾѭԶǰҲЩ ʱ۵ɽ۳ƽеУͷ򵼿Ժѹβġ̸̡ иһѷ죬ףＸϣγƽееĲɿԽĺ  
ȻһɽϣвݱֲʯѾо ֲˡѾ̵ңɫ״Ļɫᾧһ֪ 밲ŹȻɽԶˡʯһضţҡҡ׹κƽⶨɣȴܻ ֧ʸţԵأֻҪ΢𶯣Щʯͻı ģǿЩбļ壬ᵹƫĵԲ֪Щɽƻûж ͡ 
£Ǻѱϵġ˹ɽľ޴Ǽܼϵҡ˳ı ͨе·ߣ·ıʶ㣬ܾͲԭλˡ򵼳㲻ͣ ܣҿǵ״Щʯͷӡڰ߹ĺۼΪҪ Ǻް취ѽ 
ʿһһؽ򵼡˽ⲢҸе򵼵ķ·ӡ 룺ӦúһҲʶ·ı죬˻ã뷨 Ҳûеġ 
һͷ򵼿˵ţǽߵĵشò ʱ߽һܿɽȣɽӡڰ˳ΪЩ խɽϿһ֡һưʯͱڣʼ״ס˳ڡһҲ· ӣŸ첲Ⱥšʿ߹ʣ 
·𣿡 
ǣʿ 
ǣѾڰŹ·˰ɣ 
ǻڰŹ·ϡ 
ûϴɣ 
ûϴӡڰµĻҽǱȺȺ߹ĺۼ 
ô·˼߹ѽ 
ǵģ߲ȥˣһε·ˡ 
ס·ȴ²ס·ѽУ˵ 
ҪλôˣҾҵˡλԸߣߵ Ҷұ·ĻҵӺң׼һߡ 
ǲҪˣ 
٣졣 
ʿ򵼵Ļһ졣򵼵Ȼǰպͬ¡Ӳǰˡ Ȼ򵼽ߵʱ򣬾ʿͷðʣ 
Ըⲻһе·ȥ𣿡 
Ըߡ˹ش 
ڳǰߣͼڶ˵˵˵ȥأ һɽɽǱߵ·׵òܺȣǹɽͿҵ ǹɽİ͢ġͼŵ͹ڲԭϱ۵Ŀ 
Ҫɣǰ߰ɡ 
ãǰߣʿðǶ 
㲻𣿡ʿתͷ򵼡 
Ǹӵѽ 
Ǿıɡ 
ò㣬ͱǱߣǾͿҵŹȵС·ұ֤ ɽ£һߵҶһõԱͼڶ˵ 
Ǿʿ򵼽ʣġ̡һ𶼴ǵˡߺ͸ ߸ÿͷֿšһ¾Ҫʱһҹ·б һֱֱµСţȷʵͨСѵȷܴ󣬲Сʱƣͺ ۣߵŹ·ˡ 
ʱѾа˹ɽĲ֣޴ĸߵҶɽԶˡ ǣ۴·С·޷ϡһε췭ظֻд ɽ¡ʯһһɽͼڶҲߵ·һʱҲе㲻֪ 룬ֻ˹ɽĶ㣬ɽĺθ߶ƽڣ֮䡣 ܽңܺãʣڶڶ죬ڣµ֮ 䣬ͲˣϺһӾͻ˶ǶҲӲ е쫷磬쫷Сڱÿ걻䵽ǴߵҶҲ ֪ж١ 
ʿһһҹЩ޷ʵǵĲʯҶְȥЩ ֿķѨҶ˹ȥ첲Ÿ첲ӣüһһ ӣðΣպѵĺúͷ·ǴϷһȺǣſзˡ ׳غɵѷֵʱˡʵո˱ȥ кüҪȳϺ¸ңһСÿ;͹ȥˡʿϵؿ С޲ΪСԸãģðʧ¡ͼڶأŷ еֿȣϵǰšУöʱŶ಻٣ǡ ֣£ŲæšСʱԼ˵һֱ أҲΪɽء 
糿ӣѹ㣬Ѿﵽ׵ĸ߶ˡʱڶ ƽϣľشľͷмֻҰԾǵĻϲ ģ˵ᷢءЩýҰƺҲ֪ϲǣԶԶ˾ ܡЩҰУɽزԴţ֮ã ҲܲĵطһִǸСѱСһƤ ë״ҰãҰ󣬺سƴ󡣿ݵС һȥǿɰ䲻Ѿ㶯ˡͼڶ˵ 
ȻЩҰ޻ɽߵľڣ׸ߵĵشѩĸ Ⱥޱȵķۻһ棬˿һĳëһ޽ǵɽ ëϸ£ѧҳΪδ硱СĪ뿿 Ҳ׿ӵúչһڰ׵ۻѩϢ һˡ 
ʱɽĿȫòҫ۵Ĵ㵭 ɫھţ⡣ʱɽǺΣյġϸ̽һ£ ѷʱ򣬾ͲðǰˡѷѾܵǰȷˣý̽ű 档ͬǶ̤Ľӡߣұ̸Ϊ΢ͻᶯ ͷߡʮɸߵĴѩ 
ѾľشˣϣףľҪλ̱ ˡˣ׸߶ȵʱЩҲûˣֲﶼȫÿֻڣ ʱЪһΣ򵥵سԵ㶫ָָȻֹðŸΣռ Ҫһı⣬Ҫ˿Ҳ¿ӡЩط·߶ ľͷʮּܣ˵طϷҵ¹ʡ쵽ʱһƬͺ ɳĮһƽչվķм䡣Ǹģɫġָ߶ ϣûйˮֻѩͱưʯѩҵķк ͻưɫĹʬʱ򣬹ʯƬʯ飬ˣ ȥڿϡ 
ȻһСÿͣνˡʿͬǶѾƣߣܺ ɽߵԶС޲ƴƣίʵˡӵʱ 򣬾ʿͣ 
ҪϢˣ˵ΪҶ顣 
Ϣ𣿵ûв֮ѽͼڶ˵ȻϢˣ޲ ˵ҪҲҪϢʿ¸ҵĺӻش𣬡һߡ 
ҲҪͣ 
ñ˱ɣҵĺӣͼڶ˵ηߵ治ɡɽǱ ҲҵéӡҪͷ 
Ҷͬ𣿡ʿʡ 
ͬ⡣ðһ»ش 
زһ䣺 
Ҹ𱳺ӡ 
Ҽ򶫽ֳʵͷֱܹ 塣ڿϡҺѣСȱѪҺΪʧƽ⣬ ҲѩҲѪԭ֮һΪڸ߿УѩȻǰܻġ ȻϡͱӾܼѪҺѭٻʹƣѩϵ ⷴ䡣Ⱥʿ־μǿʱ¸ҵ˶סˣɽֿ µĲʹѣǵҲǵƣ ⲻҪԿġһˤӵԽԽˣһվֻй 
һʵǵʱŪôҾƣߣۿֲ֧ȥˡһƬããѩ ǶĺɽҹӰټҲҹĵطһвɵþ ʿսľʱУȻ򾲵е 
ǶһСݣ 
شĶŮ/() 
ҪУκα˾ǴСԱһٱ飬Сݶ̤ȥҲ ᷢмСݡΪֻѩ͹һ㣬ܵʯһ𣬼 Сѩˣǰǿɡѷƴذ˰СʱŰСݵ ڰǿˡȫӵ˶Ͽ켷˽ȥһš 
СӡڰɵģΣףһѩҵĶ ϣֻһСţǰһʯݣխһ쫷磬ѩͱȻ ȥ 
СɣˣıȻ꼾ס꣬ʱȴٿԱһ£ ĺ⣬ڻһ¯̴ѣשʯҺϣȡůֿĺ 䣬ǿԵġ 
и֮Ȼɷ˵Ҫлү  
Ӳһֻϧûнͳ ˡͼڶ˵ 
¯һ𡣡˹˵ҾãҶȻǶˣ ԲҸ˵ҵһѲܴһЩҰζҪЩ 
ѽ뷨ȥҵ㶫աͼڶ˵ 
ߵҶĶҶգشŻɵɫҡҡͷ˵ 
Ȼ¯߾һҵյĶУش 
ǲ˹˵öԣǲһ£׼Ҵȥʿ˵ 
Һѷȥͼڶ˵ 
ҪҪ㣿޲ʡ 
ãϢϢɣҵĺӣһСӵ䣬ѳ˴ ˡʿ˵ 
ɷͼڶѷ߳ǼСݡǰӣȻûһ˿磬 ǣȴ˼ǡѾתˣ̫ѾĹʸŸԭϵķ͡ͼ ڶ˿ѹˮָ£ֹʱڣ׸ߵĸ߿ա ȲʷֻͣסЩɽҲʿ߷ѣֻҪ쫷 ǵһ£κһÿҲ´½ݼ 
ɷͰͼڶһưʯĸ߸ڣķ߹ۿʱڷ͵ ֵ߷ϣһۿԿƽ棬ɽ²µ̫롣 ԶʯУⶼǱɽʱģѾûںĻ ˡ˷ƣһз͵֣Ϧнʧˣİ˹ɽ´ 棬Щ֧żʯȻԡšЩڹ⺣ еʯͱɽۻҡԼԼ·òǦʻ ɵһʵĶеԵߡϱ෴ȴʮֹ׳ۣƻ跴 ԲáǵģҰĶȶӹһͿԿŹȻɽǴ ڣǶĵطǻɽŭţһֻ޴Ĺޣʥ˵ ĳȵŨ̺ͱĺɫ档ܵķͶ·˻𣻰ȵʯ ̹⣬ң֯һ˶ޱȵͲһҫ۵治ϼ ǿһ޼ʵصǿҵĹ⻷ʱϦҲһ ߵİӰﻺ䡣 
ͼڶ͸ɷһĻػ׳ĽֻǳλʱԷ ڱͼˡѷԴ˲̫еȤҪ¡ǵط ûľԵգҶһЩɿݵ̦޺ʯϣǲɼ˺ܶ࣬һֲ ̦յţҲһЩЩȼһûСͷŽ ¯ܲάֲϨΪ̫ϡܹ㹻 ˣУĿ෴һ棬Уֲ˵ˮҲҪ ȣȰٶȷˮ󿧷ȵҲֻǨ͵ˣΪָ߶ȣˮʮȾͿ 
УȻû˵ˮʱ¶ȼƲȥһԣֻУȡҺ˼ȿȣ ˣڸ⣬ƺе㲻䡣ʹͼڶһʵʵͷ 
ˣ⿾Ե˼˵Դţ򣬵 ܴţ⣡ôУ˵㲻𣬴ѧߣ㼫 ˣҵĺУҳϣҰζҸӭ 
Ǻܣ 
ҿ۵ñҽܣУԼأﾡ˵ú Ҳδ뿾һʲôԳ԰ɣ 
Ҳ¡Уش 
ȥԣܾºͺҹԹɵȥ𣿡 
ǵȻĻ 
ûüлȰѾһƬԶˡϵúܳ һֻֻҰޣǳȺҰˡѵ͸һСݣҪ͸һ ǵѧҵ뷨Ǹɷȴͷ˵ڸߵ ߵĵشҰ޳ֵġ 
ûҰޣģ˹˵ǲԽԽ𣿡 
᲻ѩʡ 
ܣҰ޵ĺͼڶ 
ȥɷ˵ 
˵ȥУ˵ţͬʱǹ 
ҶСݣҹѾˣɭɭģǣ¶ûгͶ ͶʧҹĻУֻܿóߵһĲӰ˾Ұ ޵ĺ󣬾ʹӸߵҶƬڰӿô£Ȼһ ƬɽرˣѩһȺܾҰޡɽ·ڲ ӿҰƣȻϡǲԭ أɽδأһͷϼ߸ߵĵطȥ ɷǲ˹޲˹ˮָϿڵϡͼڶǸҹϹ ֢վţҪʲôһգ۾ͱŪĽų졣 
ʱȻһУڷһǹһֻҰ޵Զĵط ȺŲƵͷȥߣǻɽһɽʧˡ ҵˣһ˵ǰͼڶ 
ҵʲôѽʿʡ 
ҵ۾ѽûһ۾컯 
û˰ɣ 
ûУֻ˼šʲôȵġ 
ⶫȵġУҰ˵ 
ҸϿܻСݣ¯ĺϸоУһǹջ񡪡һֻƯޣ ޷Сգϸͷȣëţ̿ɫаװߵ㡣ͼڶһ ͽ 
һֻԭѽ 
ԭʲôɷʡ 
ܳԵޡͼڶش 
ó𣿡 
ζüˣһ̼ȡкõⰡ˭Ƥأ 
ѷ˵ 
ãҿͼڶ˵ 
𣬰ͼڶ޲ʡǷˣܲ ҵĺӣһ˫ְ 
Ӻ󣬰ͼڶͰѴڡ̦ճɵ̿ϡˣӣ Ͱġԭ⡱ɿθʿڵӣðǳԡҶؽ˾ ڴ 
ǣʹѧҷǳȵǣҲųһھ۵һ 
ѳѽ˵ 
ԲðǸ˵ 
ǿѧȻӲˣҲòǿҲʲ¡ҿʼ ŪǡȡЦˡȻôڳŪֻҳΪʲ ôǺóԵʶԭ⣬һͱĹζȻһ һɣˣ˵ǵģˣҵԭˣ 
̫˰ɣУ򶨵ʡ 
ǿ̫Ⱞ޵У̫ܵˣ 
ôһأ 
ôС̫ܵأͼڶ˹ʡôС̫ܵ ԭϢʱĲźóԡܵô죬ͳԲˡҸζͿԶ϶ úԶһȺԭնúԶ 
𣿡ɷʡ 
ġ 
ôʲô£ʲôȺųӣӦð˯ ʱ˳أ 
һ㣬װľʿ޷شңȥ˯ɣ׷ ˡҪ˯ˡ˯ɣУ 
˵Ҷϡ֡ϻ𣬸ɫˣǵѧҵ ڳеȫĴࡣ 
ֻиɷ˯šĵĲʹ˯ȺҰ޳һ ӣ뵽ֲľЩԭղǱ޸ŵѽ ߶ȣ޸࣬Ҫ˵˰ɣˡһʲôֲǸ򰲶Źȵأ ֲԭأɷԤеûѵ 
Ȼڰ˯ߵ״̬Ӱ죬ͷתˣϣ˽ǡ ǰ˹ɽµĴƽԭϡǶʼ飬ҲɹͲԶˡ شˮִӿѵūнųˡЩܿش ӹ̿ıըĻ𻨣յúĻ棬ҫŵͬǵ˯ ǽϺֵӰӣһвʱش˼·ȻѵԤˣ ұǰģ죬Щžɽôأ 
⣡ 
ʱ·һԶԶġ¡¡ġвԵֻɽϾ ɽ˱ŻеѽɷҪ֤ʵһ㣬߳Сݡ 
ʱ𡣿¶ƽ¶ûƲʡģмŹȻ ɽĻع⡣ûз꣬û硣˸ǧǡȻ¡¡Щԭյ ܿʲôϵأϵ賿㡣Ϊȷ̾ ΣշЩƣͬ˯ţȥ˯ǣԼҲһֳ ״̬״̬˼Сʱ֮á 
ͻȻˡһĳײڳڼӲ Ϲȥһ䶬䶬ɷȻýŵµĵ䣬Сҡ ڣڱˡ 
 
ðǶˣߵ߰˵عһţ䵽һϡǰǺ ˡȺɽòȻˣԲ׵εɽնˣҡڰڵȥ ˣ·µĵȻšڸߵҶɽһ һɽмӢ·ƶƶƽԭӿȥ 
𰡣ͼڶһ 
û˵ǵɽسֻɱ³ ȱ٣ʥǸǣоĴΡһֵĵؿǾµһȼգ ڳֵɽеĻɽйµˣ𶯡 
ʱǣÿͶ̦޺ƴذסƽɽͷıԵͷۻ ʧ룬Ǹɽͷر쳵ٶȣÿСʱٶȣ³СҲв ҲҶҲ޿ӣֹҲֹǽˣ˭Ҳ˭µ¡¡ѩ Һѩҵĳ˵ѩһʹûκ 취кʱɽ͡ײ»ţʱǰϣ Ҳ࣬ʹںһЩ޵ӵԱ߾ʯͷ׷䵽 ȥ;ǧһͻĲֶƽˣһѾ޴һ Ѱ˹ɽ´һƬ⻬б档 
룺һ鼸ص壬ԣȽǵб±ȥʲϵӣ Ƕôһ 
һݵ便Ҫأ˭ҲƲҪ䵽ĸԨȥأ ˭ҲԤԡǲǶԭطأǲǶأûѾˤ ߵȥأ˭Ҳ֪Ƕ۵ٶϢˣǵĺˣ ߵѩסˣط·嶼ˣûˣ ֮ԻܰסʯҲֻıˡ 
ͻȻһײޱңǾ޴ĻǱǰȥɽ 󼸲ֱеƽɽȻֹסˡ 
˺üӣûһܶһһˣȻͷۻ ģ廹վסУ˷۵Ļҳܿ˿ð ǶһСɽ͵̵һһš 
Уһ⣬ڣֱڵϡ˵һ ء 
شĶŮ/() 
˹ɽߵҶĶ´Щ£һչƽԭϣʧˣ· һɽͻȻֹͣƽԭϡƬµݣïʢľ ƻƬƻ֣ҫŽɫĹʵǷĵŵʡһ 飬ԭÿͻȻɳĮתޣѩ䵽ݵأɺģ ҪƽĻһͻе޾ġ 
ʱؼžˡѾƽϢˡµһƵԶĵطƻȥ ˡΪڰ˹ɽﾭиطҡһΣÿĵȷʵ ̫ˡɽζӡһȥȫЩոµķ¡ ЩԭϵҪѰҾ·ı־ǾԲܵˡ 
һʵӿʼˣ̫Ӵ𣬹ﵽ͢Ĳԭϣһ ӵǱ̫ƽĲˡ糿˵ӵʱ 
ɷðǣУļ£ѹǲ𶯶 ʹȥģûˡ޴ĸߵҶˣֱɽˡҪ һˣ׵ð޲ҶֳȻžɽİ취 һƳƿġ 
¸ҵĺ޲Ҷѽرǰͼڶ뿪ģУȻ ƧҲϲ⺢ӣɷǰ֮ɷһ޲ʧ٣ͼˣ ĺһ䵽һ˻ߵؽġڶȸ 
ǣҵǡɷµ˵Ƿȥɣҵ ɣǲܾеɽȣе£еӣǶҪ ףǰһϣȥһҪǶһҪ ү޲ŰɣǻĸΪԮȸش Ķӣʲôأ 
ðĻûлشǸоɷǣǵ۹ ҳһ˿ϣǶ۾ȥˡ 
ɷ˵ҵĻΪʲôڣ ǶΪϣ𣿺ϣ𣿡 
һĬУȿڡʣ 
ǣ˭ǵ޲ʲôʱ򲻼˵ģ 
⣬ûһ˻ش 
٣У˵ܿԸҵߵҶ±ʱǺ˭ ߣ 
ҵߡѷش 
ôãֱʲôʱ㻹أϸ뿴˵ɣ 
ֻǵǸɽһײһײ֮ǰӵʱ ػҵߣֻץס̦޺ء 
ӣҪעⰡѷʱÿӶǺܳģûǴɣ 
벻Ǵǵѽ㣲ӣ 
ãУ˵޲ʱ߻ұأ 
ҵߡҼǵġ֡ҵ 
Լأǵġ 
Ҳߡ 
ô޲ֻʧٵģУһ˵һɽָұߣ Զ϶ʧٵʱۣǺӦǵھ棳ڵһɽ ҪҾӦһңÿһشǻһɽҵ 
ûټһ仰̣˶ϸߵҶɽ£ֱվڲͬĸ߶ȣʼ Ѱҡʼ±ļߵұңСʯҲѣЩµѾ ֵرʯˣֱµӵȥѰңֻһðΣ ȥ˺·ֽţѪܵ˹ɽһƬط˼ ϲȥƽ֮⣬ϸϸұˣ˺ܾãûһ;Ϣһ¡ һŬǰ׷ѵġǺӲѾɽһһʯѹסԶ ɽˡ 
죱ʱ򣬸ɷðǶƣˣֻصԭɽС ɷֱʹ˵Ļֻ̾ϢţҲˣˣ 
ÿ˶˴̼Բһִֹ뷨˽Ǩ 
ǵȵȰɡͼڶУͰ˹˵Ϣһ°ɣָָ ѰȥǼ·ϢıҪ 
ǵģȻ»ҪǾɣϣءǻʲôϣ أ 
ã˹˵ 
޲ͼڶӦţᡣ 
ɽܶࡣУѡһԸߴڵ´ʱʣĶֻ мǲȫһ䷹ԶĵطһСӣˮãˮ ɽӰ죬ܻǡؾڲݵ˻𣬲þ͸һˮ ˶񣬵Ǹɷȣǳɥڡ֡ϡ 
һȥˡҹҹһƽģġðϢʱ򣬸 ɷ˸ߵҶɽ¡ţϣһǰ̽ţ úԶܸߣʱʱѶŵأţţסͷԾʧ š 
ǿľʿɽһҹʱǰͼڶʱУסΪ һеңҪӹ⻬ʯϻͱڵıϵȥѽȻûнǧ ġ޲޲ֻһЩظеֵĻ 
ˣǲòܵңԶɽȥҸɷҲɷ˵ذ ʧʵڿ¡˭˵һߡ֣˭뿪ĵɽ ȣȻˡȥᵽİ͢򵼺͹ԭƥǰ治Զ ĵطÿˡ߱ǰѸࡣҺ͵˿ϺԼ ڴϾѽκɶٵȥΪȫ棬ʱ䲻 ˡ 
УҪѾʿӱʹнѳȰ˵˺ܾúܾãɷ·ûֻ ҡͷʱҲ 
ô˵ 
ǵģߡ 
ٵһͷ 
ãٵһͷɾУش 
һͷȥˣʿֿٸһͷӾͷ·ڿ͢ һͷһһͷһͷԼĪˡʱУȫ ٳɣɴ߸ɷ˵߲ˣȫðѸپ 
ǣǣɷش𣬡߰գ߰գ 
ǣһ˵ţһȴ۾УǱת˹ȥĿⶢסеһ 㡣ͻȻ־ָţһҲ˷Ƶġ 
ǶǶǿ˵ 
ҶϿȥ˳ǼָķʱǺڵۿԽԽˡԭ һֻںܸߺܸߵзš 
һֻأӥͼڶ˵ 
ǵģһֻأӥ˭֪ˣˣһȣ 
ɷش 
ɷϣʲôأѵ񾭴˵˭֪ͼڶò أӥԽԽˡִ񣬹ȥصǷΪ ﳤѰӴǵþˣܰţץǳϮ ƽԭϵСţצӰץܸߵĸ߿ա߸ߵĸ߿ȥ 㲻ʲôָ߶Ѿ಻ԽĽˡԣָ֮߶ ϣõҲȴ۹⸩ŵ棬óϸ΢壬 ǿʹеѧҶ̾ 
ֻأӥʲôأһʬ𣿾ǿ޲ʬ𣿡˭֪ ɷ˵ţĿⲻأӥӴԽԽʱʱ һڿе壬䣬һز׸ߵĵط˼Ȧ ˡǿˡڣϡýڿм ΪصǷʱݵİӣСڿбÿӹĳβ ܱڿС 
УѷѾץǵǹˡɷֹǡأӥھ ķ֮һӢĵطɽһʵǵƽ˿ͷ裬צ ſӰڶš 
ǶǶɷ 
Ȼ󣬺Ȼתһͷ־һ˵ 
޲ǻŵأأӥᡭǹǣǹ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬أӥѾƵŵһɽȥˡһӡͺ һôõһӣأӥַ˹أȽȽһƬĽ ˣأӥצһʬţڶţ޲أأӥץ һһڵطɵ񲻵׸ߵϿգҲЩÿˣҵعųᣬ ŷ磬ǳصﳤȥ 
ɷУ޲ʬʯˤ飬Ҳأ ӥ 
û˵ץѷǹ׼ֻأӥĸ۷ǹץȣ۾ ַˡ 
У˵ 
̣۶ȡȫ׼ֻأӥʱֻأӥѾԶˡ 
ֻûа嶯ǹɽشһǹ졣һ̴ѩ֮ ðֻأӥͷǹת׹Ŵɡûз ʱȴأ䵽ӰԼԶĵط 
䵽ǵˣǵˣɷ˵ 
ҲһǹģͱأӥͬǶܡ 
ܵʱأӥѾˡ޲屻Ŀڸšɷ˵ ʬϣħצ˳ڲݵţѶؿ 
ûйþ˵ĻĿ﷢ 
أأ 
һ޲·ˮϡһۣ ˵ֻ˵ʿҵĸװ 
ɷܻش𣬼ĸҭסˡںӵ߿ţ⺢ӵ һ漣 
شĶŮ/() 
С޲ӳأӥĲǣȴõͬǵǣǺ޲ðȥȻ ûһ˲һ¡Ȱıǲ˵ģǡ ڲֻкô 
ӵþˣ뵽ĶˡȻУѰ ҡӣĵطһĸߴɽϵĸ߸վţһ˽ű һ֦ǹܿͷƤţڣϡͭɫ۾֮ ͿźɫƤͿźɫͷͿŰɫǸˣģ±İ װһƯĴ£źɫİʽƣԭյľƤƤ ģϸë档ͷһĺƤӣǰ³ɼΡ һСװͿõϡѥţƤģƤСϡ 
ȻͿɫȴǺ׳Եʵڴʮ ϵ̬ȺšʯվţһҲׯأǼֱҪΪ һ֮񡱵 
УһƳָʿɷܹȥǰӭ ɷֻֽһֻ֡ʿ۹Ц沿ﶼ м飬ǲκġ΢΢صһͷ˵˼仰У ɷ 
ǰϸǼ֮󣬾ͻһԡǣŬ ԺͿʼʱһǻȻ˵мʾ ˾ʿע⡣ɷüõ֣˵ 
𣿡ʡ 
ǰ˵ͷһһµĶκ嶼ʾ϶˼ 
ˣǵѰͼڶˡҺѧ 
Ǻͼڶͼڶ÷еָŷȸǰ ˸кַ˵ǰһҲԲһ˵Ҫ˼˵ ͻش˵⡣ 
ǣΪŵôؽУ˹˼̡š áǸˣ 
˲ţش 
ǵѧ˵ 
Ҳ˵԰ɣУ 
ǵģҳԿǸ 
°Ǿ乧ά˵һ飬õͬĽһһ˵ɡ˵ ҧأһһٵأֽг⼸֣ 
ľά󡪡̡꣡ɵأǸˣ 
ԷԾɱֳĬ 
򣡡شѽͼڶֲһ䡣 
ǰ˻ǲش 
˹Ե˼㶮𣿣ͼڶ޲ðɤӶˡ 
Բˣӡڰ˲Ϊ 
ŵǰ¡ 
ֵͼڶˡѶϵ۾۾һƣԳͷӡ 
˵ֹҶһֲŹأ˵һǰ޼ 
ѽһشġɷ˵ţתǰ ʣ 
𣿡 
ǣǣ˻ش 
ͼڶɲתΪˡУ͸ɷ˴бһ 
ҲѧѣУ˵촽Ϸһ΢ЦǴרңοɲ ִĴˣ 
ţǵѧҲţһɵ 
ǰԵأ˵ 
˵ 
ѽɲѧһԣΪѧУĻû˵꣬ѧ߾ 磬ݺݵءһĻͷ 
УҲ˵̫ˣͼڶ൱˵ 
ȻôĻأУ˵ĻΪ˵ ãѧЩͷ 
˵˵òãΪУ侲رһ䡣 
УɷԲ˵ļٶ˵ȥǵѰͼڶȻ ٴģҲѧһ԰ɣ 
ѧԣôҾ㣬װİ»ߣһԼ ɣҵĺðͼڶԼͽ˱˴˵ʲô Ҳͣͼڶش𣬡֤ʵѧ鱾ӣƣ У㻹ʲô˵ 
˵ţ´ﶫ˼ӣһƵ飬İõصݸУ 
У飬˿ 
ðʲô飿ʡ 
¬ĸ裬ͼڶش𣬡һʷʫѽ 
¬ĸ裡ɷ 
ǰѣʫ˿˹¬ĸ裬һҲ˹ɷظ һ飬ҵùѣ˹ʫѽѧĶѽ 
˹¬ĸ裡 
ͼڶ˵ȥˣ۾ڴ۾·ͬʱһЦΪ ðǣΧܡ 
ǰüͷҲһ£Բ֦ڵһĻֻĵصȺ ˵ 
ǸɵӣǸӣͼڶ˵ˣô һ£ⲻ߳ЦһֱǰͰݶĹ£ һԣǣǣӡܣȴܵҪѧȴѧ ̫ɻˣȥһһͷʱԼҲ ˳ȥģ 
κˣͼڶ˵Ǹӣ˭Ҳ̲סЦԼʹЦ 
Цɣǣ˵ЦЦԼЦһҪ 
˵ž͡Цһ󣬴һѧûЦ 
ЦЦˡǿûܸɷˡУ˵㲻Ҫ ̫ˣԲŰŪĳ̶Һܿز ʧλɾİ˵˵̫ˣұ֤ͣһͿ л 
ͼڶ˵òͣһȻܺ˽˼仰֪ǰ ˵ֽڰ޼ǡǹ֮֡⡣ 
Ȼƴǹġ 
Ǹɷҵľ˵ǰԵΪҵרÿڲ ԭС̫ˣ˵û⡣ˣ̽յĳɹǸȳ֮ʵ ˡ˭ҲٻɸشİȫˡʱÿǺǰ˶ص޲ ˡ޲ֻ첲һԲַŵĶͷϡһ Ǻӵ壬ʹ֫Ȼ΢Цܵӱ߲˼Ұ۲ˣҰ ˲˲С˵ȫʮ־ϸǺһĦ͸еˡ ȻϢСʱͻȫָ 
Ҿ͵ҹʱʳͽͨ ҪΪǵĸӶûˡҶءذǵ ߾Ϊÿ򵼣ǵһ򵼣𹩸ɷһҪһС Ը£Ҫɷӡڰ˼ȥһж ҵ⽨ǰưģͼڶڶˡɷ ǲѧ̽飬Ǳǵð飬ǰˣغ ȥ 
ǽŵһͷŴӲŸǾ˰򡣰˹ɽһ 羰ˣ֡ĵĲݵһƬһƬУͷţҲ ԵġеĳݺĹЩƽԭṩ̻ͷڳһ ԾǷˮķ⡣ʮͬʱҲʮ 룬Ʒ֮ʵھˡһǳɫƵİ𣚣Сʮ Ǻݺ׺֦棬·ЩԾʻҰӳȺӵӹգ Сȸޡȸϲޡȸɼȸչɣ׷ ֨֨Ľ 
ͼڶһ·ȥͲѣ̾ʹǰЩ Ϊ񣬳죬ƽԭвݣȻģ̾ѧ ȴԽԽо·ΪŶأʱЩӡڰ˵Ѿ ǰˡ 
⼯λɽסĺ«֦ɵӵ£סţ ӡڰˣŴȺţţǴƬݳ䵽Ƭݳз ʢϯһȺȵĿˡ 
ЩӡڰΪ˹³ˣǰ޼ˡ׻ʲ˺Ͱ¿˵ĻѪ֣ ɫƤеȵģκʵ͵͵ĶͷԲ촽ȧǣòŮ ɫ䵭ѧһ֪ǲǴѪ塣Щ˲ʹ˶Ƿ ȤɷĿĲ˶ȺֻҪţͳˡ 
棬ܿؾͳɹˡɷˣƥ͢Сȫ ͼףʢˮõƤͰӡڰѾƻ¬ĸơΪ Ϊɷûоƣǽˣƽ𡪡ƽļֵȫõġɷ һƥʾòš 
ɽ֮󣬸ɷʹǱ˰ͼڶΪӦ̡ǣСʱͻص ǵʱˡһҶ֪ⲻǻǻʳ ƥÿ˶һ١޲Ҳһʳȫָˡ 
ʣʱϢСҶ̸죬ʲô˶̸ˣ̸װĺ ׷˺̸ԼŸĴԱ̸ءž˲ Զˡ 
ڰͼڶȫסӡڰˣ粽롣Ȼһİ ˣǸ˼ˡ˱ֱ˸ˣΪԺ͹ ʵۺѧ߷¡޿λչ˱Ϊ˶У ׶ߵģﲻסظׯصӡڰ£ӡڰȴ ˵ǵĵѧѧϰѽβ鱾ѧϰˡǾ ɤӣͷг 
ҽղסܹѽУ˵˭ϵ һи˽أ 
شĶŮ/() 
ڣ죬£գӣ򷢳̵źš͢ĵΣγ 룴֮䣬һбšÿֻд΢΢б·һֱߵˡ 
лƥʱɷΪһԸء ˵ĻһҲ׷Ȼɷƴˡ 
ڳʱХһһƥִָİֵ͢ĺ˵ĺ ̴ӸС˳ƥʮֿغɫëʾһƥġ¸ ġõͷᾱϸǿ״󿪣Ŀ⾼θʣظ ֣˵߱һнУʶмңƥֵ͢ĺ޲ ڣΪӢġ֮ƥȣȡڰ ǡ֮⣬ƥ治ơ 
һϰԾλ֣ϵʮֺ װ͢ƽԭõԾߣһΪһΪ Ƥģ򣬹ڰǰӡڰڰٲ֮ӳȥ ׷Ұ޻ѵ˵ȹס̰ˡԡӡڰеһµ õɾˡ෴ģֻӶӲֻ֡һ ׳ӣƤģĩǸᣬһʱ ᣬסӣһϵڰϵġ⣬бһ֧ ǹǰ˵ȫװ 
ȻĽ׳̬ĴڣҶȴ ⣬ܵǰͷȥˡȫӿʼʱۣʱУÿ첽Сܣ Ϊ͢·Ͳ֪еٶȵĲ޲úܴ󵨣ֳп ˸ɷܿؾͰķˡ 
ԭƽؾʹǴߵҶɽ¿ʼԷΪһӰ˹ɽһ ֱ쵽Զȫǲܸߵĸľ͹ľԡڶУï ܵĲݣһ̵಼ֱŵ˹˹ĵطԴˣ¼̤ȫǴƬ ޣͰǲԭĵ 
һ߳ߵҶɽɷһоɳ𣬵˳ΪԵ䡱Щ Ե䡱ͺͲһÿûֲĸʽϵʱǾͲϵ ɳǼϸģˣֻҪһ硣ɳͺһһһƮ ӿɳתֱ߿ա־ϲ£ϲЩɳƽ ԭƮҡۺɢֺϣߺͣ䣬ҷ׷׵޷ݣûб ȤˣµǴЩԵ䡱ɳϸò׽۾յٽҲ Ƥꡣ 
εǱ磬ɳ˴졣Ȼˣһߵúܿ죬쵽ʱǸ ҶѾڱ󣴣ӢԶֳֻһŶӰʧڻƻˡ 
Լˣ·еƣˣԿҹʱ쵽ˣܸˡ ڿӰϴһļĺˮɫǣڳɫšڿ ֽܺӻĥӣԴм䣬Щڵֻӡڰ֪ 
ҹ޻ճ·жߵѸ˳·ƽ̹Ҳܵˣ ·ѡȻ쵽ʱ̫ˡһƬƲʵȾߣ Ҫ仯Ԥסǰǲῴģָһոǵѧ ҿ 
֪ˡͼڶ˵Ȼתð˵ҪˡҪ һ䡱 
ͽͣ䡱ǰ͢ЩԭϳеϷ磬ʮָȻ ûǳ䡱ǿҵعˡֻһ㡰֡ÿ൱ģ ɵϣ˾ɵԱߣýġɷⱩ粻ͣϢͻᵢ г̡ǰͼڶ˿ѹԺ󣬾֤ˡ 
˵ͨ½䡯һҪ챩ꡣһ ˮμСʱĿûˡ㾡ܷĺˣװѣһ վҪָʣƽʱһ 
˵ͷͷǵͺ鱾һͼڶɷ˵ 
ұǸ鱾Ӱ㾡ܷſˡ 
鱾ӹȻ˵ˡҹһӣȻͣˣҶ˯˸þգ ӣرǰͼڶŹؽڣ˸һֻС ǣ£գǴŵĵʮ졣˾Ӻ߽ͣ 洦УҲ˵Ҫߣ졣;ɷע ǵĸ˴شϢڰͼڶѾ ǰ˽̸ˣұ˴㹻˽ˣҪ˴ϢĻǿ ηġߵ·ӡڰߵģΪԭɰ͢͹ߵ ҶɽĴ··ߵıߡ 
ˣӡڰ˺ͳ¶ӵӡڰˣﶼżȻи Զ֣һһоͺܿˣǲԸ˽Ӵ һˣвԭκε˿˶μɣǿǰ˸ȫ ſͻ֮󼪣ÿǼҰĲݵֻ ǿˣǿ̸̸ǾԲɵġǰͲһǿ Ǳ˴˴ǹȻٺ̸̸ҲáȻҪ·ߣȴӡڰˣǺ ϧһ棬·ȴһ֦⣬ļĽʹһ ֤ 
жߵ·мκԭС·һ൱ҪɿͨŶ ġ;ţĹĵģֱʴðģһ̾ һѡЩͷǧƣҲ˵ĹͷĲһ𣬶˻ҳ 
ֱʱΪֹרһֱߣûκã ֱ߼ȲͲԭκһ·νӣǲߵκһһ䣬򰢸͢ һֳǸ򵼣˲·ˣ ȻܲȡȻȻȣȴʼձӡڰ˹еֱ̬ȣЩ ԹȥС·һֱһԡһ죬ֱҪס ͼڶ˵ˡ 
ͨŵ·˵ 
ѽҵĺðˡͼڶôش𣬡ɿ ŵŶ· 
ǲ·𣿡ʡ 
 
 
һֱ 
һֱûеطȥѽ 
˭أ 
˵ˣѧߣԵоȵӡȻΪͼڶ˿ Ц˼һӡڰ˾һģԶ󲻵˻᲻һ ˵ 
ǲǵȥĬһʡ 
ǡͼڶش 
ҲǵŶ 
Ҳǡ 
ʱɷ˰ͼڶ˵ʲôΪʲôͣ 
ңǵŻǵŶ˵ǣܾȡ 
ʵϣ·Ӧýе֡ɷ˵ 
ҲΪ˵ûеطȥˡ 
ôͼڶܲܰԶĿĽ͸ܸܲ˵ һһֱʲô壿 
ѣһӡڰ˲ʲôγȣǷļľ˻ ǻءҵҪ㣬У֣µ˵ǹµı ǽµ˵أǲ˹ͼڶش ˵㻹ҵ˵ð 
˵úã԰ҿɾѡ 
԰ɣ 
ͼڶֵԱߣ跨Ƕιԭԭ˵ʱΪҲ ֣ʱΪ벻ĳЩϸڣʱΪĳЩϸڶһ֪˲׶ǳƪ ݽضˡѧߵӿȤָֻţҧ˵ţѾ 뾡˷ٲһӶͷؿֱʵ˵ˣ æɳϾͻһͼǾߣγߣţ ̫ƽǴǿ·һֱͨһʦûие ѡһݣ̬ʼհУ˼ҿǶǲǵ ѧҽ˰Сʱͣסˣͷ󺹣ǰˡ 
𣿡ɷʡ 
ǿɣٲҲ޷˵ˡ 
һҲһ仰Ҳ˵۾϶𽥱紵ƽɳϵĵͼ 
ôͼڶ 
·ûʡͼڶѾһ΢ЦУ촽Գ ˡΪҪҪŬһ˵ʱǰһӣ ֹס 
Ҫһ²𣿡ʡ 
ǵġͼڶϻش 
̫ɽ̫·𣿡˵ӡڰ˵˵ȷ ·ߡ 
ǣǣǣ 
ϵ۰Ƿ²ܽǴ󺣵Ĳˣ 
ϵԽġ 
ϵ۵ּʵְɣ൱ػش𣬡ǽһֱȥҪ Ļһֱߵ̫ߣ 
ͼڶѧˣأ̰ӡڰ˵Ļشð  
ô尡ֲ˵Ǳҽһף Уᶮ 
ɷͼڶǰˣ䵽ԭӡڰ  
ͼڶˣҾش 
ƺ˵˵ 
仰һΧ۹ 
ͼڶʮּ˵ˣһ˼Ļͷ׷ ȥ۾סׯصӡڰˣ޲δ֮ǰܰĻش𿴳 
ǰÿ˵һ֣Ӣͬʱ˵һ飬ʹðžͷ ֱӢ˵ 
²ʲôأͼڶʡ 
Ǹˣŷˡ 
ɿ 
ûУӡڰ̸ʱһú 
һţģ 
һţģͼڶ̾˵ø԰Ƕ ǣ˼˵һ¸ҵˣ 
ǾҸѽ޲ 
Ȼתʰͼڶ 
Ǿҵĸף仰ô˵ 
˹װ¡գѧһش 
̣޲ס֣˵ 
˹װ¡գ 
հ¡գĸףӦ˵ţ˫Ŀ⡣ 
һ§סǺӣһַǳͬϸšǴ ݱֳһƽĸж 
ǰͼڶûĻǷ²ʱʲôطأʱʲôأ ʲôʱ˼˵أ 
ͬʱӿˡ 
ⶼѸ˴𸴣֪ŷ˵ʱһӡڰ˲ū ⲿڿڸ޺֮Ĳ䡣 
ŷʲôطأͼڶʡ 
ڿ 
ǲһֱѭ·أ 
·ϡ 
Ǹʲôأ 
ӡڰʲ죬Ǹĵˣ˵˵޳ Ҳ޳ͼڶǾ֮˵ 
ܹǵѽȳ𣿡ʡ 
ҲܹӡڰĻ 
ʲôʱ˵أ 
ܾˣ˵֮Ѿȥˡ 
ɷϲ޷ݵġشļϵѽǻһ Ҫ򡣰ͼڶ 
˵һ²ǲͬʱУأ 
ҾͲ֪ˡ 
Ƿ²ڵһҲ𣿡 
һҲá 
仰ȫĽ̸ǣ²ͷ뿪ˡṩ Ͽ֤ʵһ㣺ӡڰ˹ȥ̸һ䵽ŷˡڣ صĵص㣬һеһУǾд¸ҵİǻԵָ ŷ˾ǹءڶ죬£գÿǻһµ˷ܵ 򶫡һԭǻġģΪάǡޱ߿յءʵ 棬þĥƽ̹ˣ˼ɹӡڰڵһЩмʯͷ֮ ⣬ĵطһСʯҲûˡһЩ֣˴˶Զֶ˳ʵ ɫǵððɫϽżԣﳤһеζĹ⣬ ɿڡ⣬мƴɳɶҰȸ͸־С ֤ƶ̶ˡ 
һ죬ΪҪϵϹҹ޲ţܵúܿ죬 ԣǾ͵ȣֵĵطԭĴˡӣӡ ڰΪ߱ձȡǡӡ֮⣬ܳ뵽ڽӽ ӿڵһΣһص󣺾뺣ˮ٣ҲΪˮ ȥˣҲˣڣ⻹һա 
˿ӣͼڶĵһ¾Ⱦĺˮѧʽ ϴ˸衣ܾȣˮȻôȫΪĵ̫ڻ˻ѩĽ ң൱ιȥҶμ׵ĵطиľţŰ嶼 ƤסںϡһСɴ˹˺ӣ¶Ӫҹ 
ͼڶھǰҪѿȷزһŵͼϸϸذ ΪѾ³زصɽɵţֻ ˡ 
죬;ƽ¡ͬĵƶ羰ٱ仯Ҳ 塣ȻȴúܳʪҪԽˮݵغ󡣣ϣ ЪһİϡˮŨζĿȪֽӡڰ ˼갢͢пɱˡж ӪӺҰһ˯һġֻϧЩҰ ݣһȻӭЩЩŷ˵ĶƫƫԲδ ֵķζ 
شĶŮ/() 
͢չγ룴֮䡣ǰ޼Ϊ ԭԡԭʵġĺ߲Ͷĸïݣɱ ĿЩֲĸǳɫɫɳϲĸһ ѧһ͵ز㣬ջһǳḻĺˮǰڵ޹ǣӡڰ ˵ѾֵĴ⦵ĹЩúɳһҰݵ£̲ ԭʼʱʷ 
޵Ĳԭǡ籱ڹġҰǵġԭԭ ʢϺŵ˹ʡΪ½ݰͼڶͣ ˣ³ǣϵ򣬶û½ô ԭûжһȡԭͻģȣϺ ϵںˮҺܿ졣죬Ҳڣ£գˮ ʮǰܸºܸߡÿ糿ɷһУ·֮һ 汻ĴСľĸʽţʮֽʵûɳˣҲûйɳϸ ɳˣڿҲûбɳˡڲݴУ̤ǰѡ ԭеһֲݣǣӡڰ·¶ܡһ൱ 룬һƬʪݵأݵˡݵﳤһֲ ͢έרϲڵˮĸƥֵطһⲻץ סһʱʹ죬ҲΪǰ;Էǰ;ˮ١ڶǰ棬߱ߴŴ ççһ߽áţҧˣСʱͻȥ ŴçͰ߾ˡƥýҲھͷԾţЭΪ ƥ· 
Щƽֱ̹ĲԭȻ׵ģѸٵġƬƽԭûз α仯ΧҲҲһʯͷһʯӡҲ ĵطչôԶʲô羰ѽ仯ѽȻѽӰҲ뿴Ҳ ֻͼڶС¶˷ܵѧǲܶ·ϵһһľ ȤΪʲôᷢȤأԼҲ˵಻һСԣҲֻ һݣ㹻򿪻ϻӣϲؽ޲޲ϲ һס 
£գÿǰչƽԭȻĵ󣬿쵽ӵʱ ܳһƬżͷţĹšġЩź ųһߣʾƣ;С˭Ҳ²ͼ ڶȥҲ²Ϊʲôͷһ൱խĵطˣ ɵؾ͸ˡ 
ѧ߽еܵİɣǰȴͷʾʵðŪø Īˡ 
ôһ£ʡ 
ġѧһش 
ô׻һѣ˹ʣͷһȺţһ Եϣ 
˵ǲġҲĻΪԭķ籩Կ ġԸǲҪôһֿܵ飡 
ȵúܡѷ˵ 
ǵģ¶ȼУȡͼڶش 
ⲢʹҾȣҸеֱվϣҪȥˡɷ˵ 
ͼڶҪתɣ㿴ӰҲûС 
õùɷ˵ǵѾȵܲ㲻̫Ȱɣҵĺ ӣת޲ʡ 
ʿϲȣȵá 
رǶȵáУȷؾһ䣬˵ʱһѩ̡ 
ϣЪһġᡱԱߣᡱ֦ɵģıͿ࣬ ŲݡӺһ˵ľ׮ΧɵԺԺ㹻ƥҹ ǲܺ깥º꣬ЩƻҰרҧͷͷһϣˡ 
ǡᡱԶиӣ¯õģﻹлҽᡱһŵӡ һ˵ţƤһֻһӡһ衱ĺ١ͨе ϣӡڰ˵Ĳ衣һ۸ɵҶӣˮ˺һ ڰͼڶҪ˼衱ټճĸұ߳Աߺȣ ܵͣ˵ֲζüˡ 
ڶ죬£գ̫ȵĹкϡһһ ǳȣƽԭûпɱĵطȻȻ򶫽к ˾޴Ⱥţʢ֮ţԲݵûС˸ ӰֻЩڿʱϰߺ̵ĹػЩȺţĵţţЩ ţѱŷ޵ţ˺ɫͺ¡ 
ǲºɫһΪԵǹ͹Ĳݣʱͳ¸𡰺 ɫ̸ɫ䡱ͼڶ˵ȤĻҲ̫ʽһ㣬Ȼ ܵ⡣ 
ԭϵľЩ仯ҵ۾˵Ķһб仯ע ˡ̱ԽԽ٣ţԽԽ࣬У׶ߵĴðľȫ¿Ӷ ζఫСġɶɫĶ̵Сţ Ǹֲֱʱǰƽԭϵճ൱ʪȣ ݣݶïܷ񣬺͵̺һ㡣̺·þˣЩطص ëˣԳߵӣ¶ƶءⶼǵףǰ; ѰǰѾעˡ 
ҵֱ仯˹˵ǲݣǲݣͷˡ 
ѽǣǿݣҲˮѽУش 
ˮ·ܿһСӡ 
ͼڶشһڿ밢͢ʡЩɽ֮ 䣬ϡٵġʱͼڶ͸ɷ˵ɷעһص ڽн͡ 
ԭǸе˴гһζȴһҲûһ̱ʾ ԶʧĵطˣζҲһȻԭһղݵ ζøŨˡ˰ͼڶ⣬ûһ˲ȡǵѧҶκ ĽͶеѣ˿ǸðµĻش 
ǿȴŵ̡Ӧ֪޻𲻳̡ŷ ġˣһиطл𡣲ƽԭ̫ƽ̹ˣͨ裬 ղݣҲŵζ 
ɲǣ⣿Уòŷʡɲǣ 𣿡ͼڶ϶˵Ҫһ䣺ЩǴģգյһ ķΧ 
˭ڲԭϷŻأ޲ʡ 
ʱ׻ʱɹˣӡڰҲŻ𡣡 
ŻĿʲô 
Ϊ֡Ϊжٸݣҿɲ֪Ϊԭ һλ𣬺̱ݾͳïʢЩ˵ĻӦþòݻҷİ취 ŻղԭĿ棬һּ棬ʭرк һѻͰǧǧʭˡ 
ҵֶΣѲԭϷһЩţȺҲ͵𣿡Уʡ 
ѽʱҲһЩţȺ̫ˣһ㣬ʲô 
ҵΪţȺǣҹܲЩҵΪЩԭÿǷ ̻ͻȻ٣ͲǰΧ𣿡 
ôأͼڶԵöӣ ¼ʱҲ˵һۣҵᡣ 
ǵѧߣɷȥ˵оѧҪһֱоΪ ֹ 
ãװĲʿҲôɵҶأС˵ңμǡƤ С˵еţǣҰˣܵĲݰεγһֱ Ŀյͳɡ취ټ򵥲ˡҲ´ҵԸ⵽һ𡣡 
ͼڶϣûʵ֡Ѿյ뽹ֻΪ̫ǿ Ȳ͵档ȴһ£Ҳͣĵط벻 ġżȻһƬưѻסʱһƬӰƽţ ˸Ͽ׷Ǳ紵ǰӰǣһᣬˣǳ ̫յ÷ĲԭŻꡣ 
ǻǵãѷ˵ûˮʱû뵽һҶʵ š˵·ܿСӣҲ˵ֹ̫ˡʵϣ;ƽ̹ κˮҵˮĺӴӡڰڳĳҲɺˡͼڶǸ һһ̣㼸ע⣬ʲôʱҵˮ 
Ҫκǰ˻ش 
ʲôʱԵأ 
ϡ 
ͨ͢ڲԭУʱ򾮣¼ˮǵÿ ûо򾮹ߣûа취ˡֻþһˮ䡣ȻҲڶʵ ҪҲûһȫȹ 
ϣһˣЪˡÿ˶úõ˯һҹԻָһ ƣͣƫƫƵȺǡȺٱʾŷת䣺Ȼ ıˣˣת˱硣ͨϷϷʱЩɶķɳǲġ 
УϵĸСգһֱ򾲣ͼڶȴ෴˵׽Ū ͷˡ͸ЩӣûˮϵĶˡȻУŬ ο˵ѧͳУ棬ֻܵһϮ £ǰͼڶ糿ȻӵĲˡ 
Ȼߣ˼Ҵߴ٣ΪҪϵκѽʮƣˣ ǿʵҪȻ˾ʡˮǺȣǵȻǺޡ죬ø ıͷ޴ɳĮȷƣЮŻҳͬ ܲˡ 
죬;ĵһȱƣǰţȻתͷһ ӡڰÿ˶µĿͬɷ뵽Щ˿ܹйزе ʧ´ԱĲƽԭӡڰˣΪǵˣֻ ܿǡ£ǸСжӼ׼κ鶼б޻  
һҿǶӡڰˣʮɵһСӣʹ ġЩӡڰߵٲĵط׺׿Ƕǣ ͢ĶߣɨǸ塣߶ͷǰͻ𣬲 ȥߴģɫƤһʹǳΪӡڰеĽĵ͡ԭƤ Ƥһ֧ɳĳǹ֮⣬ŵ͡ǲ ļǶЩ֡ 
ٲĵطͣסˣ㺰ҽУָֻŵأ·ڻɷ ǣǻûߵԶǶ˾͵תͷһ̲ˣʹ˲š 
ÿƣ׷ǡ 
ث֣ͼڶ 
ӵ̫죬ǺˡУ˵ 
Щӡڰʲôˣͼڶ 
Щ׿ˣӡڰ˵ĻѪ֣׿ˣͼڶת ˵ԭЩ׿ˣǸղòСֵѽûʲôµģ 
ΪʲôУʡ 
Ϊ׿˶ЩƵׯˡ 
𣬰ͼڶ 
Ȼ⼸׿˰ǵǿԶˡҵΪǲϮ ǣɷ˵ԭ벻ʲôҲҪ̸̸ˣʮְա Ҳ룬У˵ΪҿòĻ׿˲෴أ ǶЩ۲۵Ŀµķͽ 
⻰˵𣿡ͼڶ 
ʼ̸һѧϵ⣬̸ʮңܼУ һ 
˵Ĳԣͼڶ 
ԣѧ߷ϡ 
ѽ˱˾ͰЩӡڰ˵ǿиݵġ 
Ūˡͼڶٴһߡ׿˶Щũ ˣʲôҾдһ˵Сӣ˼һӭ 
ôˣͼڶ 
ǲ˹Ҵˣ 
ĵĴɡУ˵ٰʱҪһ¡ 
ͼڶ˼Цĵ֪ʶʮŭƢƲס ˡ 
Ҫãҵ鲻ҪָҪģ٣Ҫ ġУ˵Ҳִˡ 
ҿרϲڿˡ 
Ҳر󣡡Уԡ 
ǿɿ۷չĳ̶ˣⱾǲֵġɷ Ӧóˣ 
ȷһҲЩڿ࣬һҲȷʵЩ˫ʹҾȡ 
ǰڳʲô£ȴһ֪ʼ΢Ц ˣ侲˵ 
Ǳ粻á 
粻ãͼڶһʲôϵѽ 
Ǳ粻ѽʹ嶯ԭ˵ޱر̼ ϵͳ 
ʥˣոرݵĻʥˣ֪»˵ԣ У˵ţһЦ 
ǰͼڶĶˣϰݣøɷĸе̫Цˣ ϸɷ 
⻰ģʿҵ˴̼𣿡ǰͼڶǱ ̼ѽַԭﷸ˶Ͱ˹ɽķ һ 
ѧ˵ܷ𣿡 
Ҳ˵㷸ѽ 
ֱ˵˵ҪҰɱˣ 
ɷ̲סЦ㰵ɱѽҺñֻһ죡 
⻰͸ɷһЦ 
ǰͼڶһУܵǰƢȥˡһӺ һжˡ 
ѧߵĺԸ񲨶һɷ˵úãһαֵС ȫڵԭ򡣵ϰ˵ӣǰһ㣬ָЩͨκ ɹһӣȫκ̡Ծõκڵˡʧȴ Ⱥǣˮȫɺˣ 
شĶŮ/() 
һĺӴú͹ϺͰɽӵκΪյ㡣գԶ ӴӲŵ˹˹ȡΣΪˮдȻƣʳҪ ݣˮȵˣηȫںסһ޴ķ ⾵ӡ 
Ԥκˮɺȵʱָĵˮ˭֪˿Щ ɺԵúͺһҵ̫еˮȾˡԣǿ˵жӵκ ʱûһ˲֡һƤͰһˮѾе ˣܺˡҿʼʵѰƣҪǰʧˡҵ һġ³һƤĻ֧һЩƣߵÿǾ סǵںశϣ׬̲ݺͿ«έ 
ڡ³ﰲ֮󣬰ͼڶʲôӦ ˿ʼԻ̸úܿ죬ɷԱҲ˼֡ʼ򶨵˵ţͼ ڶȴ㵸أ˵˼ӣͱŰˡ˵Щʲôɷʣ ҷ·ȰǷֿ 
ǵģֳӣͼڶشм䣬˭ƣֿʣ߲ˣأ ·ǰߵľ͸ϵǰͷȥӣʥ· Ӻģˮ࣬ǾںӰϵȺˡˮûˣ Ǿ͸ϻӭˣҪԩ·ˡ 
ˮûôأ°¶ʡ 
ˮûоֻȥֱɽļ֧ ࡣ 
ʿҲȥ޲˵ͺҪȥһһ 
ܹϵأҵĺӣ 
ϵϣҵãҪǰϡϴ𣬾ʿ 
ȥ 
ɣҵĺӡɷ˵ҲԸ뿪ǣˣ ˵Ҫ߲һˮҲ̫ˡ 
ôأͼڶʡ 
㣬װİͼڶУ˵㻹Ǹ󱸾һںա̫ ⣳ϵˣ֪ӣ֪㲻뿪ǡ¼ ѷҶϲ򣬶ܺһ𵽴Լĵص㣬ֻ £ģǰߡֻ͵ˡѧ˵ܸ˻ Ȩ 
㲻ִܴѽУ˵ҪǲҪȥĵطȷ գҪ̫ƽİȥѽ 
ǲźأУͼڶЦ˵ǣװĸɷ ôܶĻأ 
룬Ҳûʲô̸ġ˵ļڽ Խҵ˼ҲԶ˼ 
ôȥɣҿɾѡ 
ȳɡ˯ţ˯һ˯˯ʱ򡣡ɷ˵ 
ҳһûкˮòˬڡȻûиõİ취ˣֻ˯ ˡͼڶμ༱ٲ󽭡ӡˮϪμˮ ƿװˮ֮ƽˮɺȵĵطεˡǸڵأһ 
ڶ죬糿㣬򡢸ɷ޲˵׼ˡǺ һˮˮû취źȥȻ󣬣˿ 
ټټУ˹ѷһ˵Ҫģ뷨 ˮҪǰܣͼڶһ䡣 
һǰ˺͸ɷ޲ͷһѿѧҴ ˣⲻЩơ 
ǴƬκһʵĴƽԭţ׸ߵľĹľľ ߲ݣմɷֵıľĴľĴƬεط̫⣬ ǿҾˡεؽޡէͶˮһǳȵ̫ܿ ؾʹ˲ΪǼȻˣƬɹ÷Щıε ӳȤʹƬһס 
ǰ˵Ҳɺˣ˾Ͳòȥﵽɽ һĿȴκȫͬһǣȡԴ̽մȮ ǰ̽ģ֣Ƕȫӡڰõݣ̵ֱɽ Щľɭһ־¡ɹˣĥ ۣͿӡڰ˰ԵһаɫƸľ̡Сŵ ţصĻ֡Сάޡһһϻݳɽ ״Сг𣲣׸ߵĴɡȺţ򶼿 ֳ͢ǲսʤӡڰ˵ĳӡ 
ǵȻ뵽һֵĵһдӴɽ㹻ˮ ֲǲģЩʱҲɺԡҪЩӣҪ ȵȥˮǶԵģȲ뿪ԭ·ߣֱ ɽöࡣ 
ƥܵú𾢡Щһ֪ܵǵҪǴʲô طȥرȣԳκƣͺͼʶ۲˵ͷһɺԵ ɶԣֹ۵˻ɷ޲ŲЩ ܵȵİ裬Ҳ¸ҵظںܡڰϼԼİ ð飬ȹðһ 
򳣳ͷ޲ 
⺢ССͣȴ׼ᶨ米б࣬Ȼ´˫ϥ ݰʮ⣬ģ޲ѾΪһˣֵ ͡ð޲ɷ˵ڶȲʣ ҵĺӡ 
ΪʲôȲѽʿ 
Ϊƺá 
̤ʵˡ˼ҳޣֵˡ 
Ҫľ̤ʵ޲ǫˣҿԤ棬㽫һܳ Ϊһõ˶ҡүүҪͳһˮ֣ȴ˶ң ˵ˣ޲Ц˵ 
˶ҲˮѽֲһܳΪˮ֣Ǻˮֶܱ ֡ڷ˾̤ʵζתǶף Ȼˡ 
ǿĸװ޲˵ʿҪôм ѽ 
ܰĸװɣ޲ 
ǵģʿԽҶ̫ˡһһֻ뵽ǣÿл ĵطһƷǣһҾ͸ǣǽе ʶһϲģ˵úܣ һˮֵģ˵ôᣬֵúܣǲǣ 
ǵģֵúܣ޲ 
ڻ·𿴼ҵǰǺӷ·˵Ȱİְְ ðְְСʱұϥҡ˯Ǻһ֧ոĸ ҹĺʱǵǵģģءҲǵá ʿǶôһԽСԽף 
ԽԽ𾴸ףҵĺӡɷش˴С¶ļ 仰ʮָж 
̸ŵʱѾˣûǰ 
һҵҵĸףǲǣ޲Ĭһᣬ˵ 
ǵģһҵõ򹩸ѰҵҺʿش 
øֱӡڰ˰򣡡⺢˵ 
ȷǵġ 
м£𣿾ʿ 
˵ٻش㡣 
һ˸ã׷ˣǰУ̬򶨵ģ ǰͼڶе˿Ϻϵȫˮ֣¸ңģ 
ǵģ֪ҵĺӡ 
ɻ֪Ǻõˣ 
⻰Ӻ˵һ֪أ 
ôӦ֪ѽʿ˵ţžʿַŵһǡ 
ɷҡҡͷ̸ûټȥΪǲ֪ˣǰ ִˡ֪ʱʱǱģӦ뵽ڶ갡 
ִˡǲһǾԵؿ⣬ƥܲ ˡ磬Ъһͷʵ̫ˡԵޣɹˣǲ ԡ 
ɷﲻˣһֱû䣬ҪҲˮ治롣 һԲʹһӡڰ˵ҲʧʱҲ룺Ҳ ˣʱʧ 
ֳˣܺôޣ̣Ƶò·ֻܻ ţٿǲܵġ 
򱾿ܵǰͷȥΪֻͷܰ͵Ӱߡ أ뵽һ㣬뵽ܰð鶪ҰԣΪ˲ ǵǰ棬סȣʹѽŲ 
ҪȾǲ׵ģֵֿԾּҵ˻С˲ סҪúûοں̸Ȼشٶ ˵˼һ˵ɣԡһЩʱԺڽ ǰˣǻҧŽʾͷ 
˽Ҳͬ˽ͷھи߶Ѿ ˿еʪеʪĶ࣬죬·Ȫˮһ 򲻻ῴˮԴѾԶˡ 
ȼԭ͸ɷǣͬʱƥ ҲȵˡһŬ汼š쵽ʱһ ãã߳ڵεİչڲ 
ˮɷ˵ 
ˮǵģˮ޲š 
òŴǣƥڸеǾܵҲס ܵ˹Ӱˣ˵Ǿĺˮֱظ档 
ǵҲɷ˵رԵϴ˸ˮ裬ȻﶼʪˣһҲԹ 
ѽСֻǽУһںĴغȡ㰡ӣʿ Լ 
ʱֻһƬ๾ĺˮˡ 
Ҳںȣȵú򾲣ŲæһСһСڵغȣȸݣ޲ ðӶȸˡ 
ˣǵܲʧˡһӾͿˮˣˮ ࣬ԸҪһѺӶȸˣ 
ǲȥӭӭǾͿԼǼӵĽʹѽ޲ ʡ 
˵ĵ裬ҵĺӣôܴˮȥأƤͰѷѽȥӭ ˡԭļƻǱȽϺáҪʱ㣬ǵߵٶȼ㣬 ҹԵ׼һõס޺һٺõɡ 
ûеȸɷھȥӪءںӰϺ˵ҵһ һֹţõ滷ǽԺ䡣ֻҪ¶˯Ժ䵹Ǹס޵ĵط ðǲǿҹԣǾͲҵطˣ̫ɹɹʪ ͸˵· 
ڣסˣ뷨ԤɡǱǵǵǲ ӡ룬ǵˣʲôɱԹġڣҾôͷܲ ʱ䡣׼޲ 
׼ˣʿǺӻش˵һµǹ 
ɷ뵽룬Ϊ·Ǹƽԭ޵ľۼǿ Ⱥطزһֺ𳣬ľк𳣻н ··һ𣚣ɫ̵ÿɰɼ 
ǿġָָЩݺԣʾ޶šǵ ֻҪ߼·͵ĵ 
ǿʼˡӷݲãȴҰޣĴ޵Ѳ˼ǹ ǰͻɰֻ¹ԭաЩԭպҹڸߵͰɽϳ嵹ǵһ ЩСҰ̫ܵ죬ûа취ǹֻýҪ󣬴ܵ ޣЩ˻Ǿġʮֻˣʿشһ ֻ̫ͻҰֺƤζѣһǹú㡣 
ͷҪҰζˣ񲢲еƣ޲һֻƶ ĹޣޡһŻۼ׵а׳Ӻ ֣ݰ˵һζòˡ޲ĳɼеԺ һֻ϶šðǿ϶šزþˡ תĨǵض½ֻһͱǰΪ϶šԭضȦӣ һǹУ͸㶵ȦӣŪƣ򲻵һĸǰ ͺ׳ġ׵ôɣһӾͰȹסˣ޷ ӹڵˡ׽סⲻΪԵ֣ šҲǳóԣҪˡ 
һ񡢸ɷҰ޲صԺ ˡҰ̱ƤгɱƬԭҰޣϳſ ӣԾǷ̿Ͽ 
ԼֻЩ𳡢ˣѴͷѡһ ߳ԣһˮˮκƶãոߵе ʿɾҲȲ 
ҲûбǡԺ˴ĸ޻ԸǳԱ֮áһж׼ˣ ǣ˹ϡ֡ڴϻޣֲ˳˯ ϯ 
شĶŮ/() ҹȺ 
ҹˣĺҹһӰҲֻ΢ǹƽԭߣ ƵûɫŨСӾţһƬʹĸʯƽϻ ȥ桢ëƣùˣϢĮĳޱ޼ʵĲԭ 
ǣ˶ܹͬɵ֧䣬ֱڲݶϺ˯ƣҲ ڵˣֻȣǴֺվ˯ȱֱϢжʱһӢ ׼һо͵ԺһƬ¯Ļ̿Ϩھĵĺҹ ĺ⡣ 
Ȼ쵽ʱ˯һˡü񣬶ţ ȻҪһϸ΢졣һǾûбԼطһֲ 顣һܵӡڰأһȺʢĺڰ໢ˮϻ أһٶĿԺȼϿһۣԵò ǰһѸޣݺܿͻ꣬ܳ־õصסЩ󵨵Ұް 
⵱ֻܾķչȴţڵϣ˫ ֧ŵأѹϥϣ۾һҲһ˱ͻȻĽǴоһ 
һͷȥˡҪκϢ˯ȥ ǣ˸о˿ΣյĵطӡڰĸоıȴԤе ٵΣա 
ϸŵʱȷ˻ıǿԺӵĳڴšͻ Ȼͦ 
ȸееˡ˵ 
վ߳ϸ˿ƽԭ 
ȻǳţѾˡԼӰޣݴǱ߲ ˸ţӸԽԽ࣬һһᰵ׻ Ĵ衣һΪеөڷῴ ʲôĵˡ 
װǹעš 
˲ãԭϾ˿ͺͳŻӶɵһƬǹһǹ һش̾˵Ľ 
ɷ޲ˣһµվ 
ôһ£޲ʡ 
ӡڰ𣿡ʿʡ 
ǣǡش 
޲Ÿɷ 
 
ǵģĺǡʿش 
˶ǹܵǱȥˡƸǣעһƬƽ ԭ˵ĺŽǴǴġ 
޲غһ 
㲻ǰɣҵĺӣ 
£ʿüᶨش𣬡ңһʲôҲ¡ 
üˡЩҲʲô˲ҰޣֻҪ̫࣬ҲҲ ǡ 
еǹˣ 
ˣͽǺúõسԳԿͷ 
ʿô˵ţΪʹӵķſЩʵһȺҰںҹϮ ҲҲĺкüͷˣôҰ 񶷣ҲռϷ簡 
˵ɷ֪ӡڰ˳ƺǵ֡ʳ ĺʹһͷ꣬ëɫ죬ؼƮһкɫëֽýݣֽ׳ סˮʳˮҹڶ˯ Ϊţҹطɼʧĺǲô£ ǳȺĶǾͲͬˣԸһֻޱһֻڰ໢ҲԸһȺǣΪ Ⱥȴǰң򲻾 
ΣɷһһƬŽһӰƽԭ ȥ֪˹ӰϾۼĺΪܶ࣬ûһϼڲŻѡʱ ˵þˡ 
ʱȺɵİΧȦСҲˣ˿ֲıʾֻ ߵأ嵽ȥ˲ϵشźڣȰʹ  
ʿ޲ԺӵڡǵǹϺӵǵһźǿ ȻѾ׼һץסˡ 
ʲô˼޲ʡ 
ǿǹ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ҲΪΪʱûе 
ΪʱиҪɡ תʾǿյʱ򣬾ʿ̻ˡ 
ôʡ 
ôǱʡҩǽһԣѵҩÿˡʣµĲ ӵ 
Ǻûлش 
㲻޲ 
£ʿ 
ãҵĺӣ 
ʱһǹһֻǵ̫󣬳ˡǱų ܼĶǰȥˣԺӣԶĵط 
̣ʿ֣ɷȥλáȥԺ յĶԺӵڴҶ˸ȼŵĻ̿ãİ оһĻ͸ĻȱڣԿƽԭĻعյѩ ʱɷſǰҪֿĺôࣺûмôǾһ Ҳûм׺ݵǡԸǵǴһ¾Ͱǵס ˣͬʱҲǵķŭ 
Ȼмֱӱϣǰצ 
һһأǽŵȺǹֹܰסһͷѾԼ ֻǵڲݵˡ 
ڴ΢һ㡣ֻҪҩ꣬ԺſڣȺĳǲµġ һҩ򾡣һϨֿȺķûˣôأ 
ɷ޲еѹԼֻ뵽ĺӣ ֵ䡣޲ԳҰɫֻǹᶨصŷŭ Ϯ 
ʱɷԵʱĴ侲ؿһ׵İ취 
һͷǾûеҩûлˡǲܵȵʱ¾ѽ 
ˣͷ򣬰ṩļＯʼ̸ һ̸һʱʱǹ˻ͷ 
ﵽ˽ĳ̶ǱȽѵġܽңɷ֪˺ǵϰߣ ˵ĻƣеǳĪġ 
ȻˣһӵĹܰĻش𴫴޲ 
˵޲ʡ 
˵Ҫֵֻ֧ҹһ糿ͻȥҹǣ ⣬Ұеɣ 
ôǾ͵ֿˣ 
ǵģҵĺӣûеҩֻõˡ 
ʱѾӸǿˣһֻܵϣĳ첲ŵ ְѪܵĵջ 
͵ҩˡ쵽糿ӵʱѾͶһ ݣҩһֻʣ巢 
ɷܿ˿˸֡ 
뵽ߵĺӣ뵽ͬ飬뵽һˣ޲ĬĬԡҲ ĻǰǾʿѾ뵽ˡ·𿴵 ɱıһ棺һĺӣȥƲסĳ嶯 ϵرڻĶͷͬʱ᲻ش۾  
޲΢Цؿ 
Ҳѽ˵ 
£ҵĺӣ£ʿش𣬡˵öԣٹͷˣ ͵þˡúã򣬴úãҵİǺúֽšʱ ǹӴͷĴǡ 
ǣڼϨĺҫ£ǴȺܼĶγˡ 
ⳡѪսѾӽͷ潥ȥԭյѩԭҰֽصڰ Уͬʱڰֳ˺Ƿ۹۾ٹӣȺҪ˵Ժ ˡһǹִһֻǡҩûˣŰվţͷֱ͵ ǰ·ڳ˼ǲðյġİ취ǷȺأ 
ʱȺĹ˱仯Ƿ·ܿˣԭһֱĺȻֹͣˡ һľƽԭ 
߿ˣ˵ 
Ҳɷ 
µ˼ҡҡͷ֪ЩҰ޲ڵζģ ǲòس 
ǲһɲǣ˵ĲȻѾıˡ 
ǲԺӣǵսɵΣո󡢸Щ ǿǰű͵ǿرţһƹԺӣӱ 
һǣ˾ǵצڰľ׮ץҡӷѾ ǿȺѪڡˣԺšɷ һѱסӣԱ㱣ֱһϢҲΪԺ ʱĿȻ䵽ϡ 
ҰһԺﶵһȦӣȻͻȻܵĸǰ ѼòͷˡϰΣϸϸأһƤһťҲǡ ڼߣ·ںʿֱʹֻֿš 
ҪˣϾҪѿڽ 
Զᶪǣ޲˵ 
ǰ򲻵϶ѣҪΪǶԸԼء 
׼ˣҧŽֱŭ𣬷ĵ⣬Ѿ ˵˼ˡ 
ס׵ʱ򣬸ɷüһץסĸ첲 
𣿡˵ָŵʱǵƬԭҰǵġش ƣ˵˼˼ǣ 
ȣ졣Ⱥ׷ȥ 
򰡣ɷ 
죡죡˵ɷжü˵޲˵ 
޲ҵĺӣ𣿣ҪΪԼ 
Ҫ𴦱ȥȺ׷ 
򰡣ѣ˵ĽǰУѣҪ뿪ǰ 
뿪ǵģ 
ɷתͷֶ˵ 
һͬܰɡһ˵һָƥýߵ 
ܣ⣬ش˵ܡˡȣ 
ȻˣҲãɷ˵Ҫ뿪㣬޲Ӧ ˣߡ 
һץסȵ˵ 
ܣ򶨵ػش 
һҪȥɷţȥ⺢ӣҰи㣬 򣡡 
ɷڼУӢһ˵ʲôϵأ ͷƾͿɱһУǺܿͻ˽ˡɷҪȥ򲻿ϡ ˵ִӳȥΣһһرƽԺ׮ץҧҪˡ 
ɷ˭ûò˼ѸɷԺڣָǵһ ƬԭҰüʹ˽⵽²˳٣ǵļƲһɹµΣո ˵ֻȵ飬ýѸٵسıҵİȫɷ ͿˣӲǲĻҪԼȥɡͻȻҵһ£ƵԱȥˡ ȱǰգɴһ͹˻ߺһʬͬʱһӵš 
ԭңʿ 
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ƕ˼޲Ѿϣץסףʧ ڰС 
ͿĺӰ޲ɷš 
ߵҲһƬ˵ͬʱˡԭ һѷƵӿȥ׷ƥȫһȥͬӰһ㡣 
͸ɷϿ׷ԺӡʱƽԭָֻƽˣֻԼһɫ ԶԶҹɫƶšɷڵϣɷˣˣ֡ ȴ΢Цƽʱһ򾲡 
ȣӣܸɣһþȣϵ˵ţͷ 
Ҫأ 
ģ 
ʹģǿľʿǼҪֱԼ ҲûиоҪȥ޲ȥ˵׷ȣһ ȺԶԶضں棬Ҫ޲ںҹҲѰţһҪȵ 
糿ĵӣˡһߵŨȾ˵׵⡣ ¶ƽԭڳаڶš 
ڿȥѰ޲ˡ 
ɣ˵ 
ɷһԲ޲ԭƥһṤ˾ȥ ѭǵð鲻뿪ֱر 
Ƿɿһͷһ޲һ·Ѫܵʬס ɷ̴Ӷ̴ˡǹйɵһһ Ȼźǹ 
ǵˣɷ 
ߵø죬һǾͺͰͼڶһСʦˡ ɷشνһ޲Ҳһ𣬻ǻģõģȵıϣ ˣҲ˻ 
ҵĺӰҵĺӣʿݵĴȰı顣 
޲ͬʱȥӵȻְ޲ڻ 
ŰŰʿϵؽС 
ǵģһţȫȣ 
ûеȵ޲˵мĻȥлˡʱ˵ ľƥѪҲ˵Ѫ 
һ֮תͼڶָ޲˵ú 
ӡڰ˱ʾ佱޲˵̴ûз 
ʱʿ§޲ΪʲôҵĺӣΪʲôһȥð һأʿǺмشð² ӦȥѾҵˡҪȥҵĸ׵ѽ 
شĶŮ/() ̹Ҷ 
Ҹһ֮к󵽵ˣҲУҪ⣬һͬоǿʵ ҪҺùӾڲԶ·糿Ӿ͵СԺ丽һ Ժǰ󶼰ǣ֪ҹһսǶôؼҡ 
һҶȹˣԺһ쳣ḻͣ϶š Ҷ˵óԣǿϵζ 
˾ͻԲүóԵƶӲŶԡͼڶ˵ 
Ե̫ˣǶӲûƣΪȹӵˮˮ벻  
ɷԸ̫ã糿ͷǰĺƤͰװˮҾ ·ˡ㡢ԱЪˣֳ߶ȵķܷ񣬲ྭִʱĲ 㳱ʪҲ÷ЩȻû̡£죬һ·ƽ¡ ϣǾ;棬ѾƣˣЪľͷŵ˹˹ʡ ߽ϡǣ£뿪ģѾˣ죬ˣ ˵֮·̶Ѿ˵߹ˡ 
ڶ糿ǿ˰͢ƽԭͲԭķֽߡһϣ شӡڰ 
ڰ͢ģʡУҪŵ˹˹ʡġʡڶȺ ֮䣬ϲӡڰȫʡر֣رˡǺ̱ ͸ߴ߲ࡣƽ̹һֱ̹ҶͶɽɽţ͹ 
ǵÿ뿪ԺĸƣʹǺ⡣ ǵҵĺ粻ϵؽſеˣƽ¶Ⱦ϶ȡ ˣڸܹ֮󣬴ҶеʮˬˡǶ˷ܺǰšǣ ô˵·ȫûסģ߸ȷ˵ס˶ȫǨͽˡ 
򶫵·߾ӣʱӹʱغģеĺˮ̵ģе ǵġݵԾֵİڻġ ëһЩݺ˸߲ҵ𣬶Щź£ͦź ظڵ̰ϴᳪ⡣УūȡѰڶסֳ صİõĵһأĲţӭ˷ ˫ᡣǿǵѣУ׸ߣеԲΣǧϢһ飬С һ㡣ÿ߽ʱزɣʹͼڶʧ 
ܾҾ뿴ɷУ˵ 
ѽУ˵ 
ڼ˻ᣬҾҪһ¡ 
ðɣͼڶ 
УҲ޲Ҫ֤ˡ 
˵ţͼڶðߣԼȺȥ޲ У 
ߵǹܴﵽĵطװϻҩطһǹеض ͼڶԶϸ۲š 
ôȺɵʱУ㿴Ƿ𣿡 
ȻϹӣܻῴġ 
Ƿɵʱ𣿡 
һҲ󡣡 
ܱȡ޲һ䡣 
ǲİѧ˵ӡһˣ˵ ǫˣҵͬ磬Ķ䲼ﰺʮͳң Ȼأ޲㿴ѧıסѽһҪ 򲻵ʱҪ 
ʵһܸ˰ɣУʡ 
̫ˡ 
ҲˡϿǰɣΪͬ磬ʹˣ· 
ͼڶðʱɷں̸۶ֿڲ ͣ۲Զĵƽߣÿ۲һΣϾ¶ܾȵ顣 ɷӺͷ벻ߣֱ뾡˷˴˻ǲ ⡣ԣԶԶһͼڶкˣѽͼڶѣ˵ Ǳ˴˶ 
ͼڶͺ̸˼ӣȻתɷ˵ 
򿴵һǳص󣬺ܸоȡ 
ʲô󣿡 
Щƽԭƽӡڰ˳Ⱥӵȥ߸ 󣬻һֱܵڴ˹ɽȥǵ̺ӺƤɵıӣڲ ӡڰˣǹ·ĺۼҲûҵˡ 
ΪʲôԭǲЩƽԭģ 
˵ԭֻǾȡ 
ԭΪһʲôӡڰأ 
й²ǰӡڰˣǿʲ³ ȵǰӡڰˡ 
Щʲôˣ 
ǣǰǾȨĲ죬ϵɽˡӴˣѱ ˣӡڰ˿ѱĳ̶ѱˡƽԭϣͬҲڲŵ˹˹ʡ εεȥרǿȴǣҲһ ȡ 
Ȼˣָأɷʡ 
ʿ 
ͼڶ̸һ˵Ҿú׵ǻǼ ߣһֱߵǵ·ϵģǻò Ϣٿ֪͢ƽԭϵӡڰ˵ȥˡ 
Զ𣿡ɷʡ 
Զ̹ҶɽԼĪУ 
ʲôʱء 
ϡ 
ɷ¶еʧһӡڰ벻 ġƽʱӡڰ̫ˡһиʲôʹ뿪ص ǣشԭڱһ²ǱϷ ʹɷҪոشƶȥ Ϊȵ̹Ҷ壬̹Ҷ壬ٿҵ˵ˡ 
쵽ʱԶԶһڵƽϣ൱ߣƽ̹ĵ һɽˡǾͶɽɽ¹ҹգɽײ ˡɳһţ·˹ǴߵͰʵڲСɽ һ£ɽ·ûмƥļٶȡ߹Ͷϱɽһ ķǹ٣ﱤĵһݡﻹûӡڰˣ ʹԽ档쵽ʱУǹƽԭţǹ۲ һСжӡǲ˼ҽӽǣʹŵٶӵˡʹʿʮ ŭ 
Щ׿ˡ˵Щ˵ƺУͰͼڶִ  
׿ˡУӦ˵ͼڶ챱粻ˣ㵽׾ ô 
Ҿǵӵǿ 
װѧߣǿ͡ǿжپ밡 
һ֮ˣװУ 
ͼڶһϣôҶЦˣӡڰһ Ѱζ 
ҲǵıϿ˵һּ׶ı飬۹ȴԵº͡ ڿ޵ǡ෴˵۾ر׶񡣡һְҵӡڰ Ҳ˵ȷˡ 
ʱҿ£һǰšطĻҰˣҲ ܲϮַǶġҾЪһկկԭǿ ƽʱ϶ĵط򿴲סĺۼֻüһµ棬 կܾûռݹˡ 
죬һֽƽԭڽ̹ҶɽļԿˡ ЩطͣȥϢرҪ֪ΪʲôƬûˡ 
Դӹ˸ߵҶľϡ١ľֳˣ󲿷ֶŷ˵Ժ ġажЩû˹ܣȴ úܿ졢ܺáЩͨǻܡţȡ ϶Ŵ˵ӡǿ׳ĹҪܡɽµƬԴ õۻݣرѡطÿ һܹһͷǵÿǧͷĸ﹤ 
˹ʥЩǵȺţƽԭ ЩеҲҪࡣûмͥ˶Щ ţĴˣһҲûʥ˵ЩӶϼҳζ 
ǰͼڶ͸ðĻһ㣬̸ִѧԲͬ ЩȤζıȽϣУȤˡӱϿԿó 
ͼڶлʹͬǿһκ¥ֻۣþƽ̹ԭҰ еģԶԶȥ·Щ죬Χİ·ӰˮУˮ ǰ˵ǰˡӰ̫ˣ˵۾ʵ޷ġ 
£죬˺üһɱĵطֵطɱ ޡָģɱ˾ɡ⡣Ѫȹڴĩ ʼӡɱޡ˵áײһͲһ ׹˾ͳȺشɱޡţĸţţһɱǼͷɱ˾ Ƥ⡣ţֿġֳϣͳ˶ţʿְҵΣգ Ǽֶ쳣̡֮ܶɱ龰ǲҲ̶õġûеط ֵܱܸʹëȻˡǳѬ죬Ժﴫ Ŀİͬʱ͢ƽԭǧشΧʮ ŻڲĲк⡣ڣЩģƽģ ˵ģΪģʱδ 
ǰҪ͸ϵ˱޲ţѧȵİ ߴĺľзɱ;Ҳׯݣи̨ׯľ ǿԴ̨ƽԭĵˡɷҲЩׯ ҪһЩϢ׵İ취ǵ̹ҶΪ;Զ ӣ˼߹ɳ׷ӡһ̤̹Ҷɽļزˡһ Сʱ̹ҶѾüˣһխɽǶسǶ⡣ 
شĶŮ/() ˾ 
̹ҶɽΣףһŵɽһ꣬ݣųɰ Ρһأ̹Ҷŵ˹˹ʡϲһ ɽΪ磬ɽкɽϷԴĺԼУ سǾ̹Ҷ壬ڱ͵Ľ£ɶڻšλúܺãΪ ɳ׷ӵһ൱Ҫ֧һ㣬رҲ֣ͼڶǲ᲻ ֪ģǾסȫǷİ˹˺ԭǣ һƬļֳضǷ˽ġ꣬Ϊ˵ӡڰ ƵƵϮ֣ڷ˰Ͷɳֵ쵼½ˡлõһ ѧ߶Эͨодʵһˡ 
̹Ҷ൱Ҫһݵ㡣ԵصĴţΪͨߣͲŵ˹˹ ͨţһֻҪĹҵó׷͵ʡǵĻ ɫдɱƵ⣬ӡڰֹҵƷ޲ë֯ ɱƤĸѵûȵȡУ岻һЩ൱ʵķݣЩѧ Уͽá 
ͼڶһ꾡Ľ֮󣬻һ˵ǲһЩ ϢģǱоפءǸɷѡһ൱Ưöס ǣȻͰͼڶУ޲£ȥ ɽ˼Ӿ͵˱ſڣſվһ͢ڱɵš ׵߹ȥˣ˵ʮиȻطȰȫ 
ʱмʿڱĿճϲĲ꣬СĲꡣ˵ ʵֻʮͯ꣬ǹŪģǵƷһ ɵĳƤסأû㣬û̿㣬Ҳûдոʽ ̱㡣ͼڶһϰǮƯƯľϣһõĳӡ ЩӾÿһ֦ǹһѾǹԵ̫أҲԵ̫Ϊʵ̫ СǵɹɽڣģࡣָǵǸųҲǵ׳һ ģһǴǣһϴָ½д٣ʵ ˡ 
ͼڶⲢе档Ϥ͢ͳѧ֪͢ÿҶͯĿƽ ʹеЩСʽĲ٣ΪĿ Ҫ涯ʮ׼ȷǽѧҵķԷġ 
˵ 
ǸɷǵӱģоǵĹͳġ ðͼڶʱǶȥȥפ׳˵ͼڶհ ˣһСһӪõСȥһ˾Գˡһ ҵˣ׳񣬾˵ķȣӲİֺȧǣ߰׵ͷ ۾ӶͲ̶ðһһŵỤ̃ȥӡľֹ ʹͼڶ𷨹¼ٵԳһķȡ 
˾˸ɷʿһС˵ʱ˾סؿŰͼڶ ſΪ飬Ūǵѧͷԣ֪ϱڡ Ѿץס֣÷ϲʣ 
˰ɣ 
ѽˣ 
˼ˣӭӭҲǷˡ˾ظ˵ţҡѧߵĸ ֪˶ 
һ𣿡Уʰͼڶ˵ 
ɲ𣡡Ժػش𣬡޶ѽ 
ͼڶּˣòײŰǻϻǯӵȻ ʼʹʿ˾ʽ̸ɷһ仰Ҫ£˾ ڱʷܲԸ˼ҴĻͷУ֪ˬľ 뿪ѾܾˡѾôˣȻֻûǣķ Ѿǵˡ˵ͷֳصĺһԭ˾Ƿ һܣǰͶɳֵĻ飬һ㣬ҲÿǴĿе֪ġ 
ӣԺû뿪Ǿ͢׼ָ ҪġˣǸ˹ˣֽūǶ ˣȴӦ취һ˰͢Ĺڰ͢ ۣȢһӡڰţʱλӡڰһ˫´˫̥ ءȻ˫̥еģΪǾĲŮġū֪ ⻹ְҵϣϵ۱׸͹һʿ 
ǿѽ˵ɰñɪ 
׿ţ꣡Ѿǹˣ 
С׿佱ֻСţǹʮֺÿ 
ǰ;һ죬Уʦ˾˵ 
˾˵̫ˣ˵ְҵȻһУ֮ӵǰ;Ȼ޿˭Ҳ ּܲˣ˵ʹ˿ֵһУ޷ǻΡ 
һʷ㽲һӣʹǳȣôһſھ˵ô໰ ˾˵ʱû˴ĻͷһܣȻһܣ˵ ͷֹͣˣֹͣǰ˸ԢȥǾʢȴ òȥһ˾ˣλ˺Сҷ緶һӡڰ Ů˵Ļ 
ҽ֮˾ʹʲô紵ֵءġԹ ĻᣬԶҲ̸ˡͼڶ÷κᴩ Ϊʲôӡڰ˶뿪ԭûһˣ˾ شһʼ磬ʵʵڵأûһˣֻñŰӡû ˣ 
ʲôԭأ 
ѽ 
̣ 
ǰԼ˴Լˡ 
Լ˴Լˣͼڶظţ֪Ҳ˵˵ķˡ 
ǵģ˸ŵ˹˹˴ˡ 
Ժأ 
Ժӡڰ˾Ͷܵȥˣڷ˹ƨɺͷӡڰˣ ǿ 
Щأ 
һ𡣡 
ô 
ûС 
ҲûС 
ʲ³أ 
ûˡ 
ش֮ͷʾ˾˵òԭ֪ ˴˿һսⳡս˰ĸ棬ʹ͢͹ս˫ ɱսӡذ˵ĺûᣬǲŹȥ ûٵģԣ͢ʡڴսûˡ£һһ ǾһҲû˵ǣҴȴѸɷļƻƷˣԭ Ķˡɲ²һ ȥˡˣȥأҵأòһֱܵԭ߽ȥ һΣյĶּأغģһ¡ 
ʱ򣬻һҪǾϧҶԣˣ ǿУ 
λܣ˵ŷӡڰķ²أ 
ūһһŬڻӡ 
еģڻش˵ 
ɷһץסһµϣ 
ɷͼڶǲ˹һΧ£Ǿܵߡ 
˵˵Ҷÿ۹Ǽǰˣ ūش𡣡ѽŷ޷²ûм 
ǰɷ˵ǴǴˡʧµ׼ȷ ѽǣꣶʧٵġ˻ʱ䡣 
ֹ꣬ʿ 
ܣͼڶе 
ȷʵֹ꣬Ǳʱ򡭡Уˡ 
ԣǣѽɷ˵ 
ˣǾԿ϶ 
ˣɷظţܾȡӢ𣿡ѽǾܻ 𣬡˭˵Ӣˣǰһ˺һˡ 
һ˱ʲɱģ𣿡ͼڶ 
ǣҺ֪ˡǷ˵þˡþˣС޲ ·ھһ仰ϡ 
ǵģӡڰþˡūش 
ҶڿѧߣһĶͷԳʧӡҶˣѧ ˵һжˣһжԽˣ 
ôһѽɷʣżֲǣͼӶץס ֻشţҪһδùҴˣﱻĲǸ شȴҵһͬͬɡޣȷʵǱʲɱġ ͬЩпӡڰ˵˼Σ˵شǵ »صˡԭ׷صټȴ׷ļɶ ټ 
һ˵һľĬǼԵģǾṩϸڡ²Ĺ ͬıɱӡڰӣһжϣ֤ǴǺʵġ 
ɷʧӡذֿʾܣû УӢ˱𣿡ûУūش𣬡У̹ҶطӦ˵ һ֪û¡ 
ɷɴĴ֮ûڶͣıҪˡǶ ˣлλܣ֡ 
ɷϣȫˣʮѹ޲ţĬĬ ԣҪɷҲҲһ仰οͼڶָ šУ촽һҲҴӡذ˵ ģҲԵòˡʵִȫԭµģ˭Ҳû뵽Ҫѽ 
Ҷصùˡ 
ԵûʵġȻЩ˸¸ҡ飬˭Ҳڳô ࣬ðôΣաÿ˸еһгɹϣͻȻˡ̹ɽ ֮仹ҵشôܵѽһз²ڴ䵽ӡذ ūܲò鱨Щ̹Ҷ뿨֮䣬޺ӿ ӡذ˲᲻ע⵽һ¼֪ڰ͢ƽԭˣʲô Ϣת棬κ飬κ˶֪ڼûһصѶ ֻһ¿ܣ÷ŵԼĵصȥ͵˿ϺŻϡ 
ȻͼڶȴɷҪŲѰôļһ ӵĲоšŬҪҳһµĽ͡ 
ļǺԵѽɷ˵ڸشĳԼ ıص㣬˵ȷʵˣ 
δأǵѧӻش𣬡һٸδأȻز ͲޡʲôطأļӦøǣһǣ ǣҪҲҾͲſˡͼڶˣ 
شĶŮ µĺˮ 
ʹԼⵢ顪ֵĿȷʵ󣬸 ɷһУͿԺ͵˿ϺŻˡǣѰþȫʧû شԻصȥʮֲĵġԣڶ죬ɷ ̵У˸г̼ƻ Ļ֧СжӾ糿̹Ҷɽɽˡ 
ɷ޲ߣţһԲ¸ҵԸƽƽ ؽʧܡüҪųͷȵһͼڶļ ˣļϵһһȥţͼҳһµĽ͡ĬĬ ԣȥͷУʼջģᶨӦ£·֪ʧ ôһ¡˹ˮֵֶ˵ĳơһΣһֻСҰ ͻȻɽ·ϴǵǰܹȥˣŵոˮֱ˴˿һۡ 
ͷѷ˵ 
ǵģڸߵأǻͷػش 
ڸߵǻͷҲǺͷѷɷнµط 
ÿ߹̹ҶɽֱֽƬ粨Ĵƽԭˡ Ϫŷֵʧڸߴм䡣Գƽ̹̬ ˣͺڷ˺ָƽһ͢һЩ߾ˣĲԭ ɫ̺ӡڴ֮ǰһֱʡǣһ죬ɫЩ סˡǰĸ²ĴƬˮƣԤʾʱԱ ˡңڽ羭عţʹرʪһطֵ أԣʹ̵ݣ֪ʪ֮ߡһ죬Ƭٻ ûбꡣϣһˣ֮󣬾һЩĴСԱЪ ǵطûκڱΡ˵ġ֡ͬʱͱ֮áҾڷ ˯ˣҶǷֻƣʵʲûн١ 
ڶ죬ƽԭرˣµˮҲ¶ÿë׶ ǰãдӣġǳġγɵסȥ·ֻҪǱԵ ˮݵƥӦһЩ赴ѣ ˣݸס棬ȥŷΣա 
ЩѾ֪˶ˡ޲ǰͷӢţȻ ţ 
ͼڶͼڶһƬţǵӣ 
ôѧ߻ش𣬡㿴һƬӳţǣ 
ǵģһƬСܡ 
һƬС֣ΰҵĺӡͼڶţʼ硣 
ҲŲ޲˵ԼѽǸֵطţǣţ ǳúһҵŪӴȥ 
˵õءУ˵ 
ѽУȥ֪ˡ 
޲û˵˲ԶҾͿһƬţǵأţֵú룬һ ߣһƬСֵ֣ܣֵúܡ 
İɣ 
ǹˡͼڶ˵ţͬʱͷӡڰˣ 
ţ˵棬ţڵ¡͡ 
ôһȺţͼڶ 
ѽش 
ȻһȺţȶƬأȥˣüţ̲ ڰ͢ƽԭʱᷢģ򲻻᲻֪ͬʱҲǶ˵һ־棬Ҫ ƹƬţ̲ţֱ֮࣬Ŵһʢ İţһͷƬţﶪں棲Զˡ 
۲ܵЩżܾһвƽͣվ ϣĸߴ󣬿úԶһȻֻּǰ ˣ·ͣ뿪ֱߵ·ߣһ򱱣һϣ˺ü ֻӣҲ˵ʲôͣ˺üΣŪðͼڶĪɷ Ĳѧ򣬰ͼڶհˡ 
ش˵ƽԭ͸ˮܾȣԵû߹ʪ ءڴ꼾ڣ͢ԭҰҲк·ߡ 
ôʪĳ̶Ȳϵӣʲôԭأͼڶ׷ʡ 
ҾͲˣңõĻ 
ЩɽϪˮ𣿡 
ʱҲĹ 
ҲɽϪڷİɣ 
Ҳ˵ 
ͼڶֻ϶Ļش𣬰̸Ľ߾ʿ 
Ȱôأɷʡ 
Ӧôأͼڶ 
ߡ 
Ȱ棬˵ףȴôסߣݣܿؾ ƣˣҵԽԽͣһƽԭ˵һƬޱߵݵأԽԽˮܿ Ҫ۵úˣƬƽƽԭһľҪΪҪľҪӵ ȥ 
ҶӽŲǣ̲̲ˮһƬһƬչ쵽ӵ ʱϵķк£ȴĴ赹кƽԭϡκҪԳνҷ 겻ԡõĻˡ¾ڱεĵطֻҧס ܡ֡϶˹ñϵˮݱˮ칵һ ֱ֡ϵӧ綼ˮһȥͽ˺ܴˮ˾ ϵµ·ˮļйбšǾ͸ˣˣƣˣ ߵһơᡱ⡰ᡱҲֻкʵ˲Űס޴Ҳֻ ѵÿǲԸȥͶޡɷһûѡء˴Ҷ굽 ӡڰҲԸסķȥšòһѻ𣬻Ͳ ðʪ̡һĴ꣬ţòݵﶥ©´εˮ顣ˮ ʪ֪˶ٴΣҲ֪жٴغѷƴˡ ȼ򵥣ûӪԵôҳüġ˭ҲûкθڡֻУԵʪ͸˵ ⣬һҲġǲɫУκλĴںڰͼڶ صķˣʱ˵ЦǴЦ 
ҽЦܳˣò죡˵ 
Ϊֻֻܿ˯ԴҶƬ̰ˡҹ ˡᡱľ塰ġ죬·Ҫ۶ϡᡱ紵ᵹ ģҪȥƾ紵ǵҲ Ȼˣ˯սʤ˴ꡣ޲Ⱥۣͷڸɷʿļ ϡһҲϵ۵ػ˯ˡ 
·ϵػúܺãһҹƽ¡糿ȵĺˡƥ ŵģ˻УڡʹûҲڱҪʱ ǳ̵źŵġһǺģԲ᲻һУҾ·ˡ µСЩˣǲˮĵ滹ŻˮˮȥĻ࣬澡ˮ ݡͳǶˮγɴƬġɶࡱǳĪ⡣ͼڶ ͼӺδƽʱƽԭϵˮģһǷһƬ мˡ 
ڱٶǰǹϵȫİȫĵˮǣȥ أܵߣҲߵأƬƽ̹ԭҰˮһϮͻ ÷ǳѸٵġ 
ˣǰܡͷĳЩܶﻹЩʸ ΪΪˮţͷ·һˮһ 
Ȼ쵽ϣʱȱֵʮּꡣͷתϷƬޱߵ ƽ̹ش˻ϽǿʹǼŵĿҵԾ Ȼᱻ°ӣȴҲڿơߵĭѪΪյ̫ˣȻ ȴϰ˸оһܣþȫ ȥġôͼڶʣ͢ɲǱҧˣ 
ǡ˵ 
ôǸеʲôΣգܾˡ 
ǵģеΣա 
ʲôΣѽ 
ѽ 
ȲµΣգۻûܿٶѾˡȻһ ǳһʪشţŻҳˮĭӿмɶ ƺӱĳĪȽˮѾеͷˡ һһƬ˵Ľţ˻ҷ׷׵û򱱱 ܣ˳Ծ˾аڴ﷭ڣҲôҵͷ 
죡죡е 
ô£ͼڶʡ 
ˮˮһشһ򱱱ȥ 
ˮˣͼڶеͬͷҲ׷򱱷ɱȥ 
ǷɱʱˡȻ棸·ԶһƬָֿ˳ɽк ƽԭƽԭ̱󺣡ݶˣһиһͷĺ ˮƯţĵ졣ƬͷһָֺˮЮŲ ɿܵȻأһЩˣҲǱߵĿӺϱߵ ޺ͬʱģһ޴ĺӴ 
˵ǰˮͷԿٶȱÿǰܣƱ Ÿƣˮͷ͵ͷ׷۾ңȴҲһԶܵĵط ֱߣˮһƬ˹ȵľţûؿ񱼣˺òװס ɷͷ 
ˮ͵ˡһֱ롣 
죡죡һֱڽС 
Ǵּӽ߱ǿ̲ӣѪˮϣγһ ĺߡЩȵϵѷ켸Ҫˤӡʱˮ׵Ĳݰסˣ߲ ˵ˣ̰˵ˣۿˮǣ ԤʾǹɺˮͷҪϮˣ಻ѩƵ˻ˮͷԾ š˱ˮˮ׷ˣ˺µǿضţһ֮áֻ ӣ˶·˭Ҳ֪ʹƣӵ·ʵڲˡȻѾˮ͵ Ѿʮѡɷͼڶ˹ûˣڴ ˴һֻеˡأѾ̽ˣˮҪףͻ ѽˮϮµǣʱĽıʹ޷ݵġ ־ܲ˵ȻֺеԼ̫ˣ̫СˡǵİȫѾ Լˡ 
ֹӣѾˮˡˮޱȵԿ۵ٶ ƥһСʱǰ 
һжƺʱ򣬺ȻУ 
һ 
ģɷʡ 
ǶǶشͬʱָűԶˮе һøߴĺ 
ðǲҪߴٵġϲҲץסҲƥﲻ ǿԵþȵġ˺ϵǰʱ˹Ȼһ ˡ˹ٰ룬ؿʼӾ 
ץסҵʿš 
ллʿҵĸۻʵ 
ô޲ʿתͷСء 
ɣʿɣεһ 
ĵ㣡Уš 
仰û˵꣬ˮĴͷѾˡһ׸ߵˣף˵ ѵϡһ˴ضһĭɽĴӰҲˡ ֵˮԷĲξǷȥͷ˵ʱ˶Ͽ컥 һƥأȻ֮⣬Ķټˡ 
¸ҵ㣡¸ҵ㣡ɷţһ֧Űͼڶһֻڻˮ 
ɣɣǿɾѧ߻ش𣬡ҵ⡭ 
ʲôأãһˮǰ仰ȥˡУȴ 򶨵ǰšһһºܹ淶ػˮӾҲȲˮˮ ţںһ޲һѾסȵëߡӢµ ܵǹȥļˣʼղǿķ 
ֻУˡһ򣬴ҶǵߡҰΪҪ ֮أҾͱþȣڲĲɣ 
ˮǵɵĶˣ֦ʼĵطʸǺ׵ġƲ ޲ȥȻǿĸ۰Щʮƣ͵ͬ鶼 ڰȫĵطȱţѾܿƯԶˡǴͷת ˣĳë˻ź 
ˣͼڶ˵ 
ôܶе 
ͨһȥˣʮԶ¶ˮһĸ ȵľˣ˴һããƯȥ 
شĶŮ/() ֮ 
ɷһҶӷԲԲģͺ һ㡣ʵһá̱ȡڰ͢ƽԭϵġ̱ȡǹ¶š ޴󣬲дִĸ뵽͵֧ʸڵ ϣǳιֿ̡ܵסϮڱ嵹 
á̱ȡԼУ׸ߣŨ񸲸ΧԼƽ׵ص Ҷ֦棬ֱ֦״ֵɵĶϷֿ ֦ֱȥģ֦ҶһѾ޴ɡȫ֦Ҷཻţ ţ·Ǿｳֱ֯ɵģһɹܵĴݶһ֦ȴȻ ǺڳȵĲģ͵ҶѾˮˡһ ɫĹµǸ֦һϿǰôռеǡɡ֦Ҷ ԲܿȱڣɭеĿ϶һŽĿġǿ ֦ϸֱ֦ͬʱٰЩСС֦ ϵ϶ȥһƬֱ֦á̱ȡ ɶ֧š 
ѵһϣһȺӵϲ֦ҶȥˣؿⱩռ 
Ǹɷһ˻õ֮ء޲ǽýݵѷһ ֦ȥˡǵͷɫԲǣߵϣһȥԶĵ ˮĳɵһƬΧǣĿܴﵽĵطãã ߼ʡˮûκֻá̱ȡȻںУòΡΡġ Զɣ֦ġᡱĲݶӴ ʬѪܵƤһҡҡλεһѺڰ߻צ Ǵ֦Ϻţһжϴţ򱱣ƯƯطɱԶ һڵ㣬ˣѷע⡣ʵ ߡ 
ѣ޲ӢµԶȥķ֡ 
ģ޲ȥʿһɡѷ˵ 
һ޲֦ҶľĶˡɷͼ У˹ضǶʣѷ һСҶͬĻ򲻻Ͳý ȣȾϵ˵ĴɵرҪǡȻҲ ᱻˮ嵹Ǽߵĺ͵ߵ֦ѽΪһرͣ һˮءˣɷһС̻ƤԱˮλʱˮλ סƺѾﵽ߷塣Ѿʹ˿ĵһˡ 
ڣʲôأɷʡ 
ѽ𣿡ͼڶֵػش 
𣿡޲С 
ȻҪѽҵĺӣȻǲܹ͸ù 
ð˭ιʳأɷʡ 
ιʳУش 
һתȥУУʵ֦ӹɵһȻ ϣһֻ֣ݳʪ͸Ĵ 
УǸɫ̫ܵˣһ˱Ȼ˵ʱƫ ƫ뵽ɷһ˼ȲԸȻҲͲԸУ ش 
ҲӦ뵽㣬ֻϧ̫ˣͼڶ˵ 
Ǵװʲô˹ʡ 
ԵġУش 
ãɷ˵ϣСʱˮ˵òˡǣСʱ зӻص½ءͼڶ˵ 
ˣڵһǳ緹ɷ˵ 
ҪȰ·ɰɣУ 
أѷʡ 
ûлӦѽͼڶش 
Ķ𣿡 
ɵĶϣ 
ʲôأ 
ÿݲǵϿȥ 
˲񣬻ôأɷ˵ǵĻʪúͺһˣ 
òŻޣͼڶش𣬡ֻҪе̦޺е̫⣬ҵԶľ ͷһգ㿴գҵĻͳˡ˭ϴȥ 
ȥ޲ 
˵ţСèһ굽֦Ҷȥˣѷš ֮󣬰ͼڶѾҵ㹻ĸ̦޺ҵһƬ̫⣬Ǻ׵£Ϊʱ ̫ǿȻԶЩȼһ͵ˡǰЩȼڡ ȡɵķ֦һʪҶ档ͳһȻ¯֡һ ѷ޲ˣһɲ񣬷ŵ̦޺ϡͼڶΪȻ𣬾 ¯棬濪ȣͰһȻѸٵһһġ֡ 硣ˣһܵĴʱ¯⿾ţ ˵ġ֡ϣƮȻʼ緹ÿ˽ܶһݣΪ Ҫ뵽찡ˮûʿϣ˵죬Ǻ޵ģ̱ȡ ӣҶ񵰺ܶ࣬Ϊ֦ϵ񳲣֮⣬ҲԳԣ ǲ˵ˡ 
Щϻ㻵 
ˣڣܲþ֮ƣ跨ٵһЩˡȻͷ¥ £ǵҾ¥ϰɡͼڶ˵Ӻܴ󣬷Ҳ󣬲ס̫ ҿЩȻӣֻҪǰԼεذϣͿõĴ ˯ˡûʲôµģǽҹǵԴӡڰ˵Ľ ӺҰޡ 
ȱ˹˵ 
һǹʿ˵ 
ҵҲڡ޲Ӧش˵ 
ͼڶ벻쵯ҩķǹʲôأ˹˵ 
ò졣Уشţóһҩúúõġ 
ĵҩУͼڶʡ 
ġⵯҩܶôȥ֮ǰˡ 
øİˣʿšǵģ˹˵еİ ˶ͬģӡģҪˡҪҲҪ ƥͼڶ˵Ҳǰ˵һѽƲòĻ ǻܿǣúúõġ 
жԶУʡ 
໹УҡڣǣȻҶԸԷ㣬Ҫλ ˡҪȥҸ۲̨ҵԶȻٰѿǡ 
λѧԱˣɵԮϣһ֦һ֦ҶĻ ˡðǿʼæԤ̡¼Ȳѣֲûʱ䣬Ϊû ̣ûοɰᡣԲһ˶׼ֻͣص¯Աˡҿʼ ̸̸ǰĴΪǰĴ̸ֻͣĻ̸ Ļ⣺شˮһˣÿǾͻص˿ϺˡǸش ˮ֡⼸ҵ߾ܺһϴʧ֮κᴩ ½һ֮һϣ·صʧˡҪȥأ׷˺ һǰ;ûκϣǶôѹ 
ǿĽ㰡һжˣ޲˵ 
ɷҲһ仰شǵһΡܸʲôϣأѾ ϸļָʾһô 
ǣ˵γ߲һնѽָص ʧµص򱻷ص㣬ֲǼٵģƲģϹµģۿд װ׵ģ 
ⶼģʿǵѰʧˡ˹ش 
ǽ˿նֽ˻ĵ°ɷյȻǿյģ ģǵءУð˵Ϊһɿ֣Ӧø ҵס 
⻰ʲô˼ʿʣǻʲôأ 
Ļ򵥶߼һ£װİ»ǻش֮󣬾ͰѴ ߣһֱѭʮ߶ߣҪĻֱߵĳΪֹ Ϊǲ˹Ϊû뵽һҲٱˣʲ ôɹϣأ뿪޴½Զ˹ָĵص ļϲд𣿡 
Ѿȷʵ֪еǺʧµصȲ̫ƽ󰶣ֲڴ󰶣ѵ صһ˲ɣ 
ɷش 
γԼָģѭȥϣСЩǲ ҲӦһ𣿡 
Ҳ˵Ӧáɷش 
ǣУתˮǲһ䣬ǲ޳ҵ𣿡 
ȫ޳ɡǶͷʾͬ⡣ 
ǣ˵ʿһ˵Ҳϸţ޲Ϊһ ҪۡҪһа취ȥҵشѾеΣ ҪĻҪһľ¡λһֱΪոЧңȫո˶ ȥԮҲΪҵϣǶôСǶӦѭţƵ һܣھҪⲻ⡣иҪǲ Ӧ̷޴½ңԺٻأ 
նûκλش˭ҲҾ 
˵أɷرУһ䡣װİ»̾һ ǡ㣬δ̫ˣҪúõһ¡֪γʮ ߶߾Щʲôط 
Ҫʰͼڶ 
ǾУ˵ 
ѧѾ굽￴ˣ 
ͼڶͼڶɷ 
ڣһӰлش 
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ڹ۲̨ϡ 
ʲô 
۲ͷߡ 
һ𣿡 
Ҫ𣿡 
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ʲô£ 
Ҫ֪γ߾Щʲôط 
̫ˣͼڶش𣬡òȥͿԸǡ 
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ãšγ뿪޾ʹ󡣡 
š 
͸˹̽Ⱥ 
á 
Ȼ΢ȥֵĵطǡ 
أ 
ʹӡ󡣡 
Ժأ 
ӹķ˹صȺеʥ˵õ 
˵ 
ذĴǵάʡ 
˵ȥ 
˰Ĵǡ 
仰û˵ꡣǵѧڳ֪𣿲ȻһУһǿ ĺŨдɷǶŵɫףѵַ ʲôѣǵùİͼڶأѷҪȥˣȻ һ󺺣ͼڶһ֧һֱֻ֧֦ץסһ㶫ǻ ĻأáۿҪŭĿˣʱУô׳ĸ۰һ ס 
лл㣬ǲ˹ͼڶ 
ôˣУʣôˣǳԶĵĿɣ 
ǵģǵģشţ˵ǵģġҪ¼Ԫ һΡ 
ô¼ԪĴأ 
ŪˣŪˣŪˣ 
ôһ£˵ѽ 
ʿУ޲ǣͼڶǶ˵רڸ شڵĵط 
˵ʲôɷʡ 
ҵĵطزҲûе 
벻ļ仰˴Ҽľȡͼڶʲô˼أѵ񾭴 Ȼ˵ĵаյѽҶŸɷΪͼ ڶֿ϶ĻֱӴġǾʿֻҡҡͷ޳ɰͼڶ ˵ 
Ȼͼڶһ˷ֿܹˣ 
ĵȷȷǵѽᶨ˵ĵȷȷҴˣļϸû ˵ 
˵ɰɣͼڶУȽ򶨵˵ܼ򵥣УԭҲ һŪˣһشǵ⣬˵ĴǡʱͻȻһ ˡ 
ôɷΪش 
Ϊļaustralֲһģǡϰ򡯣austral ֣ǡĴǡAustralieһʵǰ֡ 
ˣУش 
֣ʿʼ磬˵ֱǲܡ 
˵ܣǷͲϡܡʡͼڶš 
ôʿԼŵĿ׷㾹˵еǺʧµĵص ĴǺߣ 
Ϊ⡣ 
˵ٻͼڶǸ˵ʹҾȣһѧĿ˵  
ʲôɾȣͼڶʣ˼Ҳεѧ飬еڡ 
ǣ˵ǰĴǣͬʱҪϴӡڰˣڴ޴Ҳ ûмӡڰѽͼڶԸɷġɡ档ϵˣֻ΢΢һ Ц 
װĸɷ˵ҪΪ⡮ɡǸ֤Ҫ㲵ƿ ԣӢһοǰδеĲҰܣǷڿʹ޹Ŷ ̱𡣡 
Ըˣͼڶ 
ļûСӡڰˡindiens͡ǡPatagonie Ǽ֡indiǡӡڰˡǡˡindigines ôϲϴأ 
úãͼڶУ˵ 
ҵĽװľʿ 
ҳϣʿش𣬡ֻҪ֤ǡgonieָǡ PacogonieΣ֡agonie 
ǡΣ֡У˵ 
ʲôֶûйϵЩ޹ؽҪġͶҪһ ǣaustralָĴǣԵһͣһ͸÷ֻ֣ϧи ȣϹۣȿļǵĽͰŪͿˣ һͲʹ 
һΣҶ԰ͼڶĻˣάˣˣ˹ˮ ֡У޲еµϣʮֿ֣ףǿɾѧߡʿ۾Ҳ ˣĻУҲԿҪͼڶͶˡ 
һ⣬װİͼڶܰˣҶĴǾ ֻиʰ·ˡ 
˵ɷ 
ô½ͰЩأļأ 
̫ˡļͼڶ˵ţóϸжűֽ 
ǵѧҼĸ۾׼شʱȫ ָͷָļ֣ͬʱüᶨرظĳһЩ֣ţ ꣶ£գΦеǺţ˹ۣûڡ ûʲôԣ⼸ֺ޹ϵĴǵĺϡ½ˮֺʹ ؽߡѵ½ءߡѱҰĵˣ ´ļȵȣȵȣֲǺ𣿡 
ĴֻǸ½ôأ 
ģװľʿһĵѧҶһ³ΪĴǴ½ 
ôֻһ仰˵ˣǣȥ 
ԸүЭǣʿš 
ȥðͬغš֪ͼڶʿֲ һ䣬㵽ǵ˿ϺŴϣȫѽ 
ðգͼڶش𣬡ģҪˣ 
һϯˣ˶ôӰ찡ѴҵȫŤתˡ ԭΪڹԶܳץסˡ˲ļƻֽ һµϣˡǿԸɴඪ޴½ķɵƬȥǻ ˿ϺϵʱҲʧȥʹ׷˺ΪشԶʧٶ ˣԣ˵ʱĴΣն˸ֻ߲Ψһĺ¾ǲ ̳ 
ĵʱ򡣴ҾӳͼڶҪ׼һϯʢףϲ һաϧĲ̫ˣ޲ȥ޲ ɡµǵҩ˲ǹװСӵͳˡ 
ҪԶˡУׯصض˵ 
ȥ󣬾ʿУȥϿ̵ˮλǣͬʱѷȥµ ¯̿ 
ɷȥޱߴˮԺûпκˮļȻˮƺѾ ǵ߷ˡ򱱻úܿ죬֤͢кˮûеõƽ ⡣ˮ˳֮ǰһҪȶͺǳֹͣ䳱ʼʱһˣֻ Ҫˮ򱱼Ͳϣ䡣 
ɷУ۲ˮλʱϵǹˣžһƬǹһ ޲иڰͼڶеĻϽеݺһ㡣治֪ ˭һúãԤŴҽҰζ·ˡУ͸ɷص ߣַѷһƣˮ쿪һһߵѾ кüʮСڡ֡۷ˡǡĦ㣬۵úһ ģһ̺òˣ 
ʱ˴ӡ̱ȡˡͼڶСĵһЩ񵰣һ Сȸ׼԰ư׸ҳԡ޲ɵش˼ֻϲ ޡһֻˮζһǱΪġͼڶ ˿У䣬ֻŵȻȻ򵥣Ĳȴַḻ ⡢˶ȸϲޡ㣬ЩһϯʢۣʹμӵԶ ǡ 
̸÷ǳ𾢡ްͼڶǺ֣Ǻóʦѧ߽Щ ǫѷɫһλȷ汾µһ֮̾󣬰ͼڶʹ̸ø ֮صǹޱߡ 
޲ңЦ˵ǴʱֱΪܵһһ ʱΪ겻ˡȥҲ·̫³ԭ·ֿ ʱټֶûţ谵Ѿŭˡ˵ǰ ûޣܿϧ 
ôʿ˵㻹ϧûޣ 
ѽܿϧ 
ˮѾһ׶ˡ 
ӿѧ˵׶˵ǲڵġѧ߻ش𡣡ô˵ͼ ܲܽ˼ҳõİɣкôأУ˵ 
Уͼڶô֪ڷűѽ޾Ϳ ԰Ϊĳšĳ١ĳĿĳơĳĳ֡ 
ͽôôУ˵ȴòţŴˮʱڣҲŵǷ ĻһŵĴװһʨһԻһԱһܣԼһ ࡣ 
𣿡ͼڶʡ 
һ 
ôѧ۵˵㷸˴ˡ 
˵۵ȴУش 
ǿգҪңǡ෴һЩޡԼˮǰ ﶼǿϧûЩˡ 
Ҹ㣬ŵˣЩޣӦܵѧǵ 
ΪŵִЦУһҲûи˼ұ沵 ȴͰͼڶ̧ܡȻѧ߹̼Ǹɷ ͣ˵ 
ûһ⣬˵ϧҲãϧҲãͿѧ۵˵Ҳã˵۵ ˵Ҳãǽʵû޵ġ⡮е֡ͼڶ ϣޡ 
Ϊʲôܣͼڶʡ 
ϻ𣿡˹˵ 
Ȼѽ޻˸ϼˣһֻȻˮ Ǻпܵѽ 
٣ղû޻ɣ롣У˵ûȻ ˡܿϧ򣬺һΧ԰޻ǸޣһצͿ԰Ť ϣֻҪԹ⣬רϲˡԵӡڰˣǺˣٴǰ ͺ˻촦ˣǰˡ 
ҶڵĵѽУش 
ѽֻ֤ζͼڶűĵ 
ζɣУ 
ôҲ̫ɳˣһԵһԾӣ޻ǣƺ ˣͼڶʵԶԸΣҵĺðͼڶʿ˵ ûӡڰˣûкˣûˣЩװĻǲĺá Ĵôôʣͼڶֿ԰̸һ Ļ⣬ץסֽ㻹˵𣬸ɷ 
ȻЩϣȲ㣬ֲͣ𣿡 
ҴҲûʹҵ鷿Ҳûʡǹ Ǹ質Ƿ裡ҿʼӦϵġ 
ֻϧһԳ򣡡У˵ 
һѽ 
ڳû֮ǰװѣ㻹Ҳ¥󣬶ȥ԰ ϸɳءĵذϵļװɣ 
ɷӦѽõģȻܺãģҲؽ⡣ Ǻ뿪꿼ķǸˣ 
ǣ 
޲ʮֿġͼڶϿȥ˵ϣҵһӵ ۵ˡ 
ǰͼڶ޲ÿе 
Ϊʺ䡣ʿ͡Ҳʺҵ䣡ͼڶ ַһˣʣҪҲ٣Ҫ٣ҸҲࡣ ɣУ˵ǿҪһвƸһлĽ¹ˡ 
ѽУ˵һС£Ը⣬ Ҿ˵ 
Ը⣡Ը⣡ͼڶ޲˵ 
ǹҪ֤ʲôУʡ 
ҵϻ飬֤һй֤Ķô˵֤ʲôˡ УȥͣҲã˵ɣר˵£ͽɡǰ ڶʼǹʰڰͰؽͽиǲ ֡ȥһϷʦ˸˵Ҹ⳾ﲻҵĶ ˵һ԰ķʹҸʲôأ ʡҵһֵˣĳϡϷʦش ӵлϷʦȥǼֵ·ˡñľ ǣĳʵ۵ĳӵĳĳԴɶǰ׷ ǲְ֣ҵĳսʿĳ˵ĳ˴Ҳ Щ·ȴûҵҸΪԹûãе ʧˣüչػص׵Ĺȥǡһ죬ȥ·Ͽиũ 򣬿һ߳Ÿ裬һһֵˣ룬 ˵֣ϾͲп¡ǰȥк⺺ӣ 𣿡ҿ֡˻ش𡣡ﲻҪʲô𣿡Ҫʲôˣ ˵㲻ũɲɣһҲ£ô ĳңҸûг 
شĶŮ/() 롡 
ͼڶĹ½úܳɫҶͣÿ˶Լļ⡣ǵѧ һͨﵽĽ˵û˵κˡȻһȴͬ ⣬ڼĻɥڼéݿסֻʱס ϡ 
Ҷ̸̸ɫֻ˯⾪Ķǵһ졣ϵĿ˲ Ϊ˺ˮеƣһرȣڶ̫¿ һ죬еֲ֧סѾȥϢˡųơ֮ݺġϲޡѾϢֹ еѾʧŨˡʵʵİ취 룬˯á 
Ȼ˯ǰɷ޲Ͱͼڶǡ۲̨ȥһƬ һι۲졣ǣҡ̫ڵ˸Ũƽб ģ൱ǵģңǰ죬춥Ϊ磬ԡϰ ǾӨĲãڷ·һ㱡ɴʡǻԼر ԰ͼڶϼȦЩԻ͵ָ޲ɷҲ Ա̡رָǡϼʮּܣͷźͣŵĴųбΣϼ ƽǡҫǿžǣǡơ ƬƣһƬ󣲣 
һ̫ϧˣԿǡԻûгǰͼڶȴ ѧ˰˵ѧһȤص㡣Щʫӡڰ Ϊ⡰ԻĸһءǱϵ ׳ġӳھһˮϣʹ˷·˫ص У³γεΪۡ 
ǲѧİͼڶ̸˵صʱߵĵƽ˱ľһƬ ֺֺڵƣ쳣һſŵڸסˡƬԵɭ £þռ˰죬·նסˡƶӦ ģΪ沢ûһڴյ㱣žԵƽûһƬҶ ˮûһ·ûˣͺи޴ĳ ĿƵġѹĵռ䣬һﶼеͨ˵Ƶġ 
ɷͼڶ޲ЩͬԵĸо 
Ҫ籩ˡͼڶ˵ 
´𣿡ɷ޲ 
ô´أʿ 
ǾͺˣһҪ籩 
յҿⳡ籩Сͼڶֲ˵ 
ҵ·籩ֻŷ籩Ҫ͸ˡ ô˵ͼڶסǲеģһͻõѵˡ 
óһѧˣѧ߻ش 
ѧѧܲܽ˼һʪ͸ѽ 
Ȼǲܣѧůˡ 
ˣǻصǵȥɣҪǺúõǵѧ ǵġ֡ӹԽԽãҪȰ׼ԣΪǽ Ҫ 
ɷƵտһۡʱưռȫסˡ ǿһȱڣŻƻİ⡣ˮһİɫʣ·һƬƾҪ ϳϡҹӰҲˡ͹ĸӦﲻǵĶ űúͺڰһ 
ȥɣҪըˣɷ˵ 
˳ǹ⻬֦һƬ˵΢⣬Ǹе ȡ΢ˮ㷢ģСˮ˵ظţҷ׷׵ ֯š 
׹ɣɷʡ 
ǣ׳棬ө棬ЩģֵǮĽ꣬ŵ˹˹Ů̫ ̫ɼƯװƷ 
ôЩ棬ͻһطɣ޲ 
ѽҵĺӡ 
޲׽һ档ͼڶȻ˵òһִ䣬һ糤 ӡڰ˳Ϊſɶſɡֵļ׳ڳǰߵ㣬Ǵߵ﷢ ģ൱ǿںڰп顣ͼڶǳսıȻ˱ ָҹʮӡ 
ɷصУˮҹӦһСһҵķ籩Ҫ ˣӦ׼һͱȻҪδ磬á̱ȡȻҡ ˶Ӱ֦ɵĴϣҪι̡ϵˮ޷⣬Ҫ ĺˮҪųļȥ 
ұ˴˵ȴڡϣȻԼĿ ңá֡عţȺ˯ 
˷ǲľȻľҪٵʱܸеһģĲ ǿҲ⡣ϵĹǼȷ꣬ƣܺƤһʱ ǶѵģǷڣһʱԶš ɷ֦ĩˣðհͷҶ 
װڵҹգҵرѿڣطӳںϡ Щط·˺ˣǺĲһûѵɷ춥 ֿߡһڣȻֻصɵĶˡ 
ôɷͼڶʡ 
ƺףչȥ籩治ˡ 
õúܣȻӱܲˣǿһΰľҲǺõġ˷ܵػش 
ֹҪžذһˣУ˵УҺ͸ɷĿ һⳡ籩Ǿ˵Ĵ󡣸ղҾ˯ŵʱ˼ʵ ôһ˵Ĵ籩ΪڴĵѽҲǵıϿ ꣬Ⲽŵ˹˹ʡһ籩ˣ׻ҵͬ һϵˣӡ 
ģУ˵ 
ġͼڶֽ˵׵Ļҵ һǡƬƽԭϵߵڵá̱ȡ뵹Ǻ ôģΪľУ׻ر𰮺õġңǣ Ҳǲ֪ѧҶȰڷ籩ʱ¡ 
ѽУ˵Ȱüʱأܲϣͼڶ˵ ҲҪʱѽ 
ɷҲĻ˵ 
ʲôΪѧʶʲôʱǺõġˣ 
ҵ״һϯʱ˵̸׵ԽԽҲԽԽ ͣ˷ԽԽĻɵתһ ˣ·Ĺڿٵࡣоǻ⣬б治 һ緢ģЩӲϵ¡¡˴Ӧһֱڤڤĸ߿ա 
ͣͬĻм紹ֱ䵽棬ԭظΡ Щоһŵ˿ȤͳԲֻʵ ﷢Ĳ羹аʮֻмֳĸָ֦ˣʼʱ ģɺһ㣬ڵεĹޱȶȤ 
һɶһƬһƬ׹⣬ʮҫۡһ𽥽ȼ šƶѺһ̿һӳˮϣһ޴ޱȵĻ á̱ȡġ 
ɷðĬĬԵؿ⺧˵ľǼʹ˵ҲǱ˴ ġƬİ׹ֱйǵߣһһֵأʱճУ򾲵ɫ ʱճ޲̵ģճǼһһһˮǺںݡ 
ʱ껹ûʼϢǲһϵٲˣǧ ڵֱ֯һ㡣ЩӴ򵽺ϣһƬ ĭյѩ 
ⳡǲǾԤŷ籩ҪأɷһҵԡǲǾ أսҵʱͻȻһȭͷĻӹẓ́ 䵽ŵǸ֦ĩ£ת˼ӣһһը ˣըһһζڿСһɲǵĳţ˹ ں 
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˹ûпһգۣ߲֦ɲ񳲣 ǡ̱ȡȫɵİľǻ 
ˣϴţšҷӲˡɷһ ˸ϿܵûŻĶһȥ˵æңŻţԮ ԮӵĵӣðգֱЩҡҡ׹ϸ֦ϡʱߵ֦ڻ յ÷죬ɿƣڻһͨ Ļҽ䵽ˮϣ沨ȥ߱źɫϵĻ棬ڵüߣֱ ͸ǿеĻ𺣣һƬһ߷ѹȥš̱ȡתɷ Уͼڶˮ֣ûһ֣ŨǺǴ ѬܣѾյ֦ˡ޷ֹ޷ ۿžҪϲٴȥˡѡһ ϲ̫ҿɡ 
ˮʿ 
ʱѷյϣѾºˡǺȻԾûؽУ 
ѽѽ 
˹ȥ 
ôһ£ 
㣡㣡ش 
ʱҷűµЫදΧˡǵۼڻҫµĴƬ ˸šݱβìͷһĳͷͻ۾ֱŵ򦣬һ ʹͼڶῴϳЩز͵ġ ˳֮Ϊʮÿµβˮĳ  
Щҵÿһ͸еûˡζҪģڻ£Ҫ 򾲵УҲ˵һ䣺 
ܿܵһеһжˡ 
ȫǶȻĳԪΪʱ򣬶ȻһԪȴ ܹƷɷݺݵؿˮй֪Ǻá 
ʱ籩Ѿ˥˵Ľ׶ˣڿн޶ˮ׵ָ ˮԼȵϷγһ޴쫷磬·һԲ׶εŨ׶ £׶׳ϣѷڵˮͷɵһ쫷תǰ ˮԲ׶ģγһˮתǿ ܵɱ 
ʱҵ쫷˵̱ȡôصعסˡã 𣬱ҡšɷΪǿҧҪء ͬ໥ţеѾµˣϷˡյ֦ܵӿĲ µֻһӵ顣쫷һֵĵطȥŰˡ ;źˮ֮·ֻһղۡ 
ʱ̱ȡԵˮˣŷˮϵ˫ǰƯšЩ㶼 ѾӵˣֻʣһֻǰſС졣ץһ ֦شһ£㱻ˣ뼱 ȥʱǿµβͻҵشˮ 
ɷðǰΣգϷ֦ȥˣʱ ̱ȡһŻҹĻƯ汻쫷紵ԽԽһֻŻ𷫳 Ĵ 
̱ȡޱߵĴƯͷ½ءЩѾ ϨˡοµĺеҪΣѾûˡУֻɵ˵һ䣺 ܵþȣǲΪˡ 
ˮԾɱԭķϷ򶫱ֻвļ ţҹֱġͼڶߣȴҲһĿ籩Ѿӽβ ˡѾһ껨Ʈɢţƺһ㣬ѳһһ ŵƬڸ߿з衣 
ڿϱ÷ǳ죬Ծ˵ٶǰţƤװһǿķ ûκμ֤Ưü졣Ȼ쵽糿ӵʱ Уȴʹע⵽ʱӵˡ˹һ֦ϸĵ̽ţ֤ʵˮ µ½ڽߡȻӺ󣬡̱ȡһײͻȻֹͣˡ 
½أ½أͼڶú 
ս˵֦ӵĩ˴һƬߵϡ½أҲûֹ ½޲ѷѾĵƬԭϣˡʱ ȻһϤĺžƽԭܵһߴ ҹɫͦųˡ 
򣡡޲ 
򣡡еð鶼ͬӦšǣҲں ӭˮͷȺÿͣƵһҪΪԼǱˮͷ嵽 ġ 
ʱְ޲ر§û뵽ͼڶҲܵı ס̣ɷУˮּʵ򵼣 еءʹ֡Ȼһı¡ һȡůϿŴζܺãҳԵмҲûʣ¡ Ǿ֮ûһ˲ȣԼҲǴˮй ּϴûٵվоȻӳ 
ü򵥵ļ仰ͼڶѾܹ֮þȣȫ Ҫ鹦ƥӢµͼڶļ½ͺ½ܸҵϣ Ҳ跨˵ˡͼڶྫɵƲ⣬ǲǶأǾɻɣ Ƕ֣ģҲˡ 
ǿ׵󵽣ЩӢµмңڡ̱ȡϢһ֮󣬲 پͻ̶ġ糿˵ӣѾ׼ˣҪˡʱķλ̫ ƫɱϱˣ޷ҵͨߣ˴ҷǲвɡֻʣ ๫·˭ˣȻһ£ҪʱͬʱҲԡߣ СʱҾͻᵽذ 
ʱһ򵼾ͺĻǱȻһƬݵأϸߵƽԭ ȥֳֳ͢ǵĿֻŷֵļ·ðݳ ϡΣ̹ҶͶɽĸһصľ ֻЩĲԭľͷ쵽½Ǹĵطſ 
һȥˡڶ죬ຣУ·ʱǾ͸е ˡ־°պ°ҹĽάڡĹַ磬ʼѸʵĲ˳һ ȥƶĵͦһЩϡľһЩСľ߲ݣһһԵġ ˺ӡһشصġ貨Щ̲·ϣŹ⣬Ĳʹ ʮѣ˱̲ƹҶӽŲԱ㵱ϵϵ ϣ㣬ÿ൱ƣˣʱɳԼʮ׸ߣסһ ĭɽİߡһǳĳŴˡ 
󣡡ͼڶ 
ǵģ󣡡Ӧ˵ 
ЩеÿԭѸеˣȴ൱ýɳ 
ҹѾܺڡҵ۾һƬɭĺţȴʲôҵ ϺţȥҲΣһŰߵȥȴ ѽɷؽš 
ܿˡУش 
˹Ƶķŵ˿ϺţûеõκλʱܴҲܸߡ Ƭ߷ͷĭҳһֱɵɳĶϡˣʹ˿ϺԼ ĵطˮҲϵĺҲĻشûκοͣ ĵط壬֣޸ۣС֧ҲûСذһһĳɳֱ̲ Щɳ̲ȴˮƽĽʯҪΣЩЩɳ̲ͷ һĺرӿЩձ̺һɳ̲;ûлȵϣ ˡ 
˿Ϻſһĺն񡢺޶ܷ˵ĵط㿪밶ԶԶģȻ ˡŸһȻǼӱСġ˹ţ ϶ֻ˿Ϻ밶ڣ 
ˣУʿֻʱȥһڰߣȥ׷ ʲôôأ 
У˵֮ⷬ󣬾ɳΪڱΣһҰӪһ ;һȻÿ˶ѧУһ൱ʵĶ̣Ƭһ ޼ʵϸɳ죬ֱǵ°ͣȥ˯ˡֻоʿ˯š Ȼִңӿţɳ̲ϣƵ졣ɷǲŵ˿Ϻž ǰҪٶûеԼĵصأֲܡɷڣ£ 뿪ŵ壬£յ󰶡ߵҶͰ ͢ƽԭʮ쵱У˿Ϻ㹻ʱƹ϶ǣŵԵĶ ˡһֻ촬ǲڵġȥⳡ籩ȻңڴƬ ϼʹڵǣֻδǺôǸúԱѽˣӦǵ ҲͱȻˡ 
Ȼţȴܰìܵʱǲһսʤ Сǵ꿼ķƬڰкѼǣװĺס ĵ˿ϺϵĴԱӡ׹Ŀװ˺ĺ 塣ʱΪںϿһԼԼ⡣ 
ѽ˵ҿ˴ϵ⣬ǡ˿Ϻš 
ϵ⣬ҵô͸ƬҹĻأ 
˵ȻˣͼڶԼ˵ҹѽڰĶԿ ǾȥҰͼڶѧɳ˯õݳ涬һȻһֻǿ ۰ɳϳ 
˭ѽ 
ңͼڶ 
˭ѽ㣿 
ǸɷҪ۾á 
ҵ۾ͼڶʹ۾˵ 
ǵģ۾ΪҪƬڰпǵĵ˿Ϻš㣬 
ҹ浹ù˵Ϊɷæܸ ˡ 
һµﻹغ͸˯ѵһѵ ͷȥˡ 
ɷϸһİߡ 
ͼڶؿ˼ӡ 
ôûʲô𣿡 
ʲôҲûУһֻèҲԶ 
ҿûһƻ̵ƣ˵ϵϵƻϵƣ 
ҿʲô̵ƣֻһţͼڶشţ۾ֲغ ˡ 
Ǽ˰ͷеظͷǰȥͻȻ̧ شҲ˵ˡĽŲ߲ȣģһ㡣ɷԭ ·˯ء 
Ǹɷסĸֱۣͻصְɳúõظ  
Ҷ˿Ϻţ˿ϺţĽˡе 鶼ӦŸɷͷ 
Ȼںϣ밶ԼԶδĵͷúõعڷС ںСϵģػ볿С˺ܴλĴʻɳ̲Ľ£ ǻΣյġ 
ɷŰͼڶԶϸϸع۲ֻжŸһûп ǣΪûеͷǰУϿŷţǰһ롣 
ʱǹ˻ҩδǱ߷һǹ 
ϸţرϸšǹΣɳĻ 
δðһɰ̡ 
ǿˣɷǵ˿Ϻڷڣ 
ţӺȻˡ̣˿Ϻŵת񣬼ǿ ҡҡڰڣ뾡 
һԶԿһֻСͧӴϷˡ 
׷˲̫ˣ˹˵ 
ŸҲ뿪У˵ҵĽ㣡ҵĽ㣡޲ ֱ£ĸǼҵŵС 
̾ϴʿ˵ 
Ե㣬»ͷڴˡУ˵ͷǰСͧϣ ֻţһһǣͷɣ 
ǣʿתͷŰӣߣؿǲ ȵĺ档 
ɷסָ֣δ˵߰ɡ 
ҡҡͷ 
ɣѣɷ˵ 
º͵˵ȣǡһ䣬ͬʱ һȰָƬһ޼ʵĲԭ 
ɷԶԸƬȰ׹ǵĲԭ֪ƧĶŮ ǣڹǶôȰˣ֣ǿ ΢ЦáȫΪѰæ仰лʱҲûǿܱꡣ 
ɷ仰ûзӻشֱһʹԶ ŷѡֱ߻ʣʲôأƥںˮжʧ ˡͬҲֿտյĺࡣ 
ˣ֪лȳ򵼵ʢ飬ʱȻһ취Ƥ ͳһСӣмǶһС˹Ľ͸  
ҵķˡ˵ 
Żʮָж򵥵˵һ仰 
ͻѽ 
Ȼ޲ͼڶУ˹ˮֶˣö˵ ʵÿҪ뿪һӢ¶ĵˣжеܣ Ҳĳ۰һ§ǿظǰ棬ͼڶ򳣳 ĵͼȤͰ͸ˣͼǰͼڶʱ ΨһĶ޲ûʲôֻͣǡ 
ľˣͬʱҲûȡ 
ʱ˿ϺŵСͧɳ̲һ⣬һͣߡ 
ҵķأʿʡ 
ҵĽأ޲š 
׷˺С㶼ڴϵȺǡǻ˵ 
Ͽ߰ɣʿһҲӳ٣ΪѾˡ 
һκ֣ӵǡֱ͵С ͧԱߡСֱͧƵˮˡ޲ҪϴʱһѰ§ڻ  
ڣȥɣ˵ѾǴˣ 
ټѣټʿֺһΡ 
ǾͲܹټ𣿡ͼڶС 
˭֪أش𣬾졣 
һ仰ڳʧˡСͧ˺棬䳱ϴţԽԽԶ 
ܾãǸ˻ĭüӰһվǸ ĽСˡЩƼˮǵˡһСʱ޲ һ˵˿ϺţȥסľӣͬʱȫˮַһƬ  
ѭһֱߺᴩоˡɽӶʹЩм뿪 ֲ·ߡûնѣȻǣʹ ǵ־¸ܵ˶ϾĿ顣 
شĶŮ/() ۺ 
صԺ󣬴ҶطϲɷʿԸΪѰʧܶʹ ɨˣԵһ仰ǣҪģǣҪģȻѰʧܣ аҵش 
Ϊ˲ʹλŮͺ׷˺Сʧֱ֤ǱҪġ 
ȷСͧ󴬵ʱ򣬺׷˺СѾȵֽˣ β¥ϸŻǡСȸ־󿴼Լĸס Ҳ˵վҲվȣҿ׷ø첲§סŸվ ߣĬĬעСͧ˫ˮֵ۾úܣʹԶĶҲܿһ ǾǿشӰӡ 
ǶˣҵĸףСš 
ȻСͧԽԽƭԼĻΪӰȺÿ󴬲㣱 ˡ׷˺ʹСͧûиشԼҲģظеûκϣ ˡʱɷʿʱظͶһŶ裬Ǿĵ οǡ 
һӵ֮ǰ½̽ļոߺ׷ˡС Ÿȣɷʿͼڶƾǻ۸Ǹļһµ ͡ţֿ佱С޲˵¸ȳϣ¾ΣգС һλõܵܣӦеԺǡʿĻ˵С޲Ϊ֪㵽źã ſۣûͷûԵ§ڻ 
ҪΪ޲Ÿ˵ԵòΪشĶӣ 
۰޲ССϻմСỨ 
һ䣺ǲ˹λѧܵҵĻӭǿҲ ٵر̸ˡ׷˺źлλƵӡڰһ֡Уһ ֮󣬾굽Լķȶֹźӡڰͼڶֻ ۷䣬ߣѰǸӸȡǶ΢Ц֭Ҫ ˿Ϻȫ崬Աа׷ӺСڡʹʼһ ǹȥֱǵ±ȶ 
±ȶûиõķлʢ飬ֻ緹 
緹ͼڶ 
ǵģ±ȶش 
һٷʢ緹һһв;вͽ𣡡 ͼڶʸͣ 
Ȼ 
ô첻ٳԸ⣬Իе˰ɣ⻰˵ 𣡡˾񳤲ˣеıڿˡ 
Ҳڿ㰡ҵѣͼڶ΢Ц˵Ҫ֪һһֱ ЩҲϳԣȴڵϳԣҪȻϳԡˣ ˵·Σڽ£Ƿǣ 
ôǾȥ֤ʵһ緹񣬰ڼӶ׷˻ش˵ ɵЦ 
Ҳĸ첲λڵĵѧ˵ 
¶ڵ˿Ϻûʲô𣿡ʡװŸʿش ˵緹ٴһǵ̽ռƻա 
δϵĳ˿ͺʹˡŸԸʦֻԱһӵ  
ǲ˹ÿҲܿϴһ£ȫΧڲϡ 
˾Ԥ緹ҶԵüЦ˵óԣ˹ԭǸطʢ ۸ˡͼڶÿ˶ȡݣ˵ǡڴġ 
ᵽģ׷˾λɰķûзëУ;ʿ࿴ һۣ˴˻ЦšͼڶȴЦЦô棬֤Ժ ٷĴëȻζذѿ˹Ʒ˵˼Ҳ½˳  
ֲ֮һһǣʵأǴδҲԿ 
ҿɾѣ⻰Уʡ 
ܼѽδҲ˵Ҳ˵ˣһ á 
ԭɣһһðУش˵ϲ㣬Ͽҵףһѧͻ ԡ 
Ҷذͼڶȴﲻסسţûеù߳Աߺ̸ ϯиûз֣ȴʿע⵽ˣǾǴŸС ԣڡ׷˶ɷ򼷼ۣʾһʿһִȰ ͬ鿴Ů͵ؽһŸʵĲǻ¡ 
ŸκеΣ 
˳ش𣬡ûо׺Ͽѽѧҽ ҲڴϣǱƹ϶ǣ 
û϶ѽΰĵѧңʿ˵з ôͬʱطأ˹ԭܹˣͬʱƹ϶𣿡 
ܲܣһźѽѧ߷˵ 
Ҳٶ˵仰֦Ľǵĺ о޺ߣ۲ߵе죬ûзֲеǺŵκκ Ƥǣ׺Ͽڴ˳磬ֱʻȥ˿ϺȻص Ǵ캽УֱγߣȻƹ϶ǣػصǰ ϿŰǺϡʻ͸½ͬγȵĵط籩ⳡ ͬҲϮ˹ԭϿĸɷһˡδȻ ˣˣصȴǵĹֱǹΪֹں׷˺С㣬 ǣ̫ƽˡΪھκǰη壬Ȼʱֳ һ㷳ӣΪڹڰ͢ԭеѰ 
ˣɷνһȻתС˵ 
װС㣬ҷŸ޳Щ۵㣬룬һż ɡ 
ôأСش۾ź׷ˣƺͬʱҲĴ 
ҽϲ㣬ĵܵܽҲϲ㡣 
װĺӣͬҲܰǣش⻰˵⺢е㾽ȣ СϷһΡΪת仰⣬˵Ұѵ˿Ϻŵĺ˵ˣ ܰѺ޴½еλСӢ۵¼˵һ˵𣿡 
ûбʹ׷˺С㰮ˡˣʿϿǵĺġ ϸϸһĻһĻأ֮˵˹ɽ޲ʧ ٣أӥץһǹͺǵһսСū ܣˮڡ̱ȡϵıѣ׻㣬쫷磬ϵһ ҹһУǿֵĻǿµģԭԭ˵ʹǺϲ 㡣кܶʹ޲õͺ׷˵ĸοûĸ˿ һܵôҵӵͿǡ 
ʿԺּ˾仰 
ڣǣҪ뵽ǰӦˣȥĹȥˣδǵģ ̸̸Ҫҵĸشա 
緹ˡҶܵ׷˵СΧһ¡϶˲ ɫͼ̸̿ʼװĺףʿ˵ϴʱҸ߹㣺е ŵʧµĴԱȻûкһͬ㹻ϣҵǡǺᴩ һ˵Ľʹһģ߸ǡ˵һգ ֻֻʧ¼Ȳ̫ƽذֲڴذ֮ļ˼ ԰ǵĽȫǴġҿѧҰͼڶһ˴½ ǸļﲻӦʲôˡŷļ͵ġΪ ҸһЩһ 
ͼڶ̾ͽgonieincliȫֽͬ ͷͷǵͼڶذѡĴǡAustralieһʴaustral ֤ش뿪³ŷ޵ʱ򣬿ΪϵĻʧ飬Ư 򵽴޺Щļٶ;ϸʹԸִ֡ܿ εĴҲȫͬ˹۵㡣 
ѧҽ֮󣬾ʿ˿Ϻʻޡ 
ʱУǲ˹Ҫͷ򶫺֮ǰһСС 
˵գɷ˵ 
ҵĿĲҪǵѰͼڶ۶ϣҪƷǲ˹ ˵ҾЩƶ϶ܽȫֵע⣬ֻΪǽѰõ ԣϣλЩļһãﵽ޿ɷѲ˷ѵ ̶ȡ 
Ҳ֪λУ«ʲôҩⷬЩ 
˵գУѧ˵׼һ⡣ 
ҵܼ򵥣ǲ˹˵ǰڿо⣳ļ ʱҾǽͳǳ˰ǵĶûбĺ ԼٶΪĵصˡһ㣬ɵӰҲûС 
öѽʿ˵ 
ǲ˹˵ͼڶйʹһ㣬Ĵ ļظ޺Ѱ 
ͬĻѧһش 
Ȼȴߴ˷򣬡ǲ˹˵ѽȴߴ˷򣬡λ ѧѧĿ˵һ䡣µǣⲻ˷ģһֱ ȥǲʮɵ 
˵꣬רУش𣬡ԼҾҪһֱѰ ҡ 
ʱʿȲˣôǵ˵ʲôأûбģֻҪǳһ 㡣ֻҪǳϣڴ޷·ǲеǺŵĳµص㣬ͺ͵޷·Ǹ شĳµصһԡ 
ǵȻϣѧһش 
Ȼһ㣬ǲ˹˵Ҹ仰㣺ƺ̫ ḻˣ쿴ԣ쿴Ǹԣġԡ죬ġԡ ֻ񶨽ˡѭȥ˭ұ֤Ѱֻ֮ᷢ֡´ ½ޡһأ˭ұ֤ڴѰʧܺ־Ӧ õԡҪĵطȥѰأ 
ʿ͵ѧ˵һ仰ǲ˹뷨̫ȷˣʹʮֳ  
ţǲ˹˵ˣҪȥ֮ǰһ֤ ļ͵ͼγγĸصоһ£ûбĵط ļбʶ 
̫ˣҪ೤ʱ䣬ѧһش𣬡Ϊˣγ ½غ١ 
Ǿоһ°գǲ˹˵ţһӢ߯˹ĵ ѧңͶӰӡƵĵƽͼĵζڴǰ 
ͼǰں׷ǰģҴ£ҸʵλãλרҰͼ͡ 
Ѹǽˣͼڶ˵γߴ֮󣬾͸˹̽ ȺΪļûһ۸Ⱥϵġ 
Ҿϸ飬òλѧ˵öԣһ¶Ⱥ 
ټ¿ͼڶ˵˴Ǿ͵ǣȣȵ ȣȻǾͽӡ·ֻϰķ˹صȺٺ͸˹̽ Ⱥһļϼһ°ա 
ϸѰһ󣬰Ѱķ˹صȺҲˡӢġĺ͵ ĻӡȺ޹ء 
ڣǵ˴ˣѧ˵ߴĴǴ½ɰ ǽȥ¸ǺһΪӢļеstraͷļе australȻʺڰĴǣAustralie֡òŶ˵ˡ 
ܿÿ˶޳ɵѧҵۡѳµصĿԶⷽˡ 
ǰǲ˹˵ 
ǰգͼڶش𣬡ͼ׵úܡ뿪¸徭޶ ƬϿǵȣѴע⣬ļϵcontinentһָ ½塣ΪֻһСشӵȥˡȻˣ ǻҪоȽһÿһ֣ûĿܡ 
ܣ̻ش𣬡Ұļ͵ͼϸ۲ˡ 
ܣ˶˵Уڣܣ 
ڣͼڶ˵޺Զĺ֮䣬γ ֻһ̵Сˡ 
ʲôǲ˹ʵ 
ͼһ̩⣳ļҲֵκκۼ 
ǵģȷûκκۼʿӦ˵ 
ˣǣһ£˵аյĻǲпڰĴ ½ϣ 
԰ȫ˿ͺʹһͬ 
ǣʿʣŸúʯǲǶõģ㹻ˣ£ ŵˣǵҲײȼϡ 
ôã 
һиǲ˹˾ʿ 
˵գУ 
۴α֤ǳɹ͸˹̽źͰķ˹صͣһ죬 ȺǺ·ϣòŹ䣬ѰеǺ ûĺۼ 
ɵУ㻹ڹִѼѧҽе 
شĶŮ/() ̤; 
ĴǵİūǺ޵ĸ֮䣬ȣδسУ ҪߣڵԲģǵĴγǰ̼С ˡ޺͸˹̽ŵǣ˳Ļ·ƻ ڣ֮ɡȻϣԼȻתΪ 磬˿ϺһƬƽĺϳչʾԽܡ 
˿ڴϣָܿϰߣ뿪·𲻵һ¡뿪̫ƽ ֮󣬺ܿ˴󣬳ϸ·ֱ⣬еĲζšѵ Ͽؿǣȴǵæˡģ ãȫĻ£Эǹ¯ƣ 
н˳δ֦ڣδ⡣ĵصȴ޺ĳ ֣Խʵҵ̸Ÿشͷ·δҪ̲ һķ估ĵҲ׼ˣСرˣΪײ ңǰ±ȶóģƵԼ̫̫ȥˡҵ ھλѧոǺԤġŷ 
λѧİͼڶྭڡŷУ絽дһ ˹ԭӡǡǳüԶľ䣬֮󣬲 ǱʼǱİֽдֻһΣд˸߲ҵʱ򣬾ϣеʷ ŷʫ²ѰС 
ѧϣЩ˾յŮУˡŮ찢ʮ ЩŮǰǵѧ߶뿪ǵĸûʵɹ׷Ҳʵʵ ĳɹ 
ǲ˹ϣ˾յŮͬҲ 
УʱǧҪĴˣװѧߣһҪѧӢ ĻǧҪһй﷨ 
ϵԲʿͷŸСľٶǾ жʮĬңλ˵ϵȻĺá 
شô뷨أʿһʷˡ 
һΪŸԼŮװİ»治 
ʱδһֱʻԼĿ꣬½ǣԺ󣬼£գһ ˬ϶˵ǾζģҪƹǵĴֻҪ ˳ˡ˿Ϻȫķݷǰͷָ ͸һſϣԾ˵ٶȷɱšŵĲ ˮ˿Ϻŷ·ڲμӻˮһ 
ڶ죬Ư˳ĺ壬һޱ޼ʵݳǼΪǱ ڽ½Ĳϲݾۼɵġ庣˰ᵽ˴˵ءȥĪ رҪעλѧð͢Ĳԭ⡰庣ȣǡ ˡ˿ϺֲԭлУٶһ㡣 
Сʱˮֽ½أ 
ֵİ˹ʡ 
ӭķ򣡡ˮָš 
һѴϵĿ˶װվˡһһԶӶ¥ ŵѧҡͼڶĹ߼ָʾķ۲ţ ½Ķ 
ѽѧ˵ 
Ȼͼڶش𣬡·ɽ壬 
Ǿ͸˹̽ŵ𣿡 
ҼǲĻͼڶ˵಻Ϊ˵Σ ףľԿü 
ԵģŸش 
СʱȺܸ߶͵ĵؿˡ͸˹̽ŵĺ Բ׶ζճϼͷ׵¶һƬʯԳ ԭΣȺγһ򶫱бΣεĶˡ 
͸˹̽Ⱥλγȣֺȣ֣ϣ Ϊ·ϣΪݺСⲿγһ СĵȺʱ֣ϲⶨҪصΪ·־һ· һǡһֻʯһݺıˡһݵС졣󣳵 ӣ˿ϺȺķĬ˼ʻȥ壬Ԯᵵ磬ƽ˾Ǹ ۿڡ 
ͣżֻԲ޵ĲΪһϣиʽĺޣ  
æҸʵͣص㣬ΪһĸलͱϮʮ ΣգӢ˫ΦǺžڣû˿Ϻʻశ빫һ ׶వˮ׵ĵطͣ˿̵ϴͧһƬϸɳ ½ 
͸˹̽ȺһССĴλںһˮ ɽϪİԡԼУҵķݣ൱࣬չļͼţγ Ӣʽĵ䷶ģƵСǺչţƽƽԭƽԭľͷ һƬĻңҲϴԲ׶εĸ߷壬ס 
ʿܵܶĽӴһλܺӢֳϽĵطɷ ʹغͲеǺŵϢֶ˵ȫİġ ȺǽͨҪ壬Դ١Դӣɶػ·ʧ ֮󣬻ֻûһֻǣĲĪţһֻǣ Φе¶ǺšȺµصĴʧֻ 
ʿϣõʲôȷʵֻܶ԰ˡ˻ ϵпͧƵѲһܣ⵺ƽٴ󣳱Ҳܰһ׶ һװȥ 
ھʿȥܶʱ򣬳˿;ڴ͸ɢȺϵ˿ڹ ˣӢ˺ˣ͵ؼϷǵĺͨ飬ЩŮª 㡣 
Щ߽һ̤½أеʮֿ֣ɢһֱɢƽԭĺƽԭ ũֻһظֹĵطһʯ£Ǹ߾ƶ 񤣬סǧǧӴ̺ʹͷԵ졣 
ι۵ǿЩ֮󣬾ƽԭȥɽϵıѩڳɻˮγ ϪˮеĹľԵ׺ŵ棬һȥͻһ ֻࣻһøߣ׵һЩӴľέֲɫƬ ͦţ⻹жİǾޱ֦׳άʨͷݣ ľ˱ǡƢĻһҲˣԼ̦޺ҰۡβݡЩǵزֲ ಻࣬ȴïʢΪиĴеᾭĹµ кѧ˷ܵţΪǷѧҷ̵ɵ¼Ȱ ׷ڵҸɶס£ѧϰǿɰŮɯϵˣ ԸݵʯȹŮСŮˡ 
ɢţ̸ЦţֱŻصϡϵܷŴȺţ Ŵϵӡ׺߲ˣЩֲﳤϲˣһֱӵ ǵĽֵˡ 
ʿشʱ򣬵˿ϺɳѲͧҲˡֻͷƵһȦ ·δҵشκκۼˣнǰ͸˹̽Ⱥ Ѱüƻɾ⣬ûκջ 
ڣ˿Ϻű뿪Ⱥ޵ĵ򶫼ȻûпΪ ʿĴԱһֶ˽ţ˽ʨʱֽ 󣩡ĺίʵ̫ˣѷĬذˮйͨǰﻹ ౱㣬Բ̫࣬ϵĸϣĲ棬ڼˡ෴أ ЩܶȺӵ洦ɼ˿ϺϵĴԱǾҹʱһô հǰʹ 
ԣ˿Ϻӳˣ죬£ղ 
ʱ򣬵ѧ߽һ͸˹̽ʷ˺ܸȤ ֪Щǣ걻͸˹̽ŷֵģ̽ ռҰ֮һȺֺʽΪǷ籩ĳѨʵ ֿҲ޵ģȹŰͻĵµ˹á˼Һٽӽ ½ĴֻΪ쫷ʵް취ŵ 
꣬ӡȹ˾ֻͣⶨȺλ ӢļҹУһλļ֡ӣ꣬м ʽҪһǷ³˹ڣ̽ Ϊоġ 
ֱʱΪֹϺʼ˾סˣ꣬ ݶ˿ٹͬ½ֿѻġǵӢܶ˵ ǷǱǱˣԼĲϹӢ졣 Сһˣһĺڰ׻Ѫݶƺ װѡСƽͳȥһ죬Ѳʱ֪ʧ ˮǱƵˡˣ꣬رڴеʥõϣӢ Ϊ˼һ֧פɭɭһ֧פ͸˹ʿɺ ǵһڱһӻʿɡһֱפǸļŵĵ 󣬲űغǡ 
ֻʣһŷˣѧ߲˵Ǹξոˡ 
Ǹոˣǲ˹˵Уͬرġ 
ǵģ˹ѧ߻ش˵ڵϵĻӺ ˡãӢϺһһˮ֣һ̫ʿ ϵڰ͢еڣʶػųûԺһ յÿͺ˵ءʱֻˣŮˡ ˣӣŮ˺ͣС˿ﵽˣˣ ˡ 
Ҷγɵѽʿ˵ 
Ϊʹ͸˹̽ʷһҪһ䣬ѧµҾ ô˵еϴƽеĺ쳵һɳΪ³ѷ֮Ϊ쳵 ˮȺҲѧߡҵͬѧĲ ڡŰڵϲɼֲ걾ɵ˷ܼˣ·ֱêʱϴ ꣬װĸ£ܸͬɵĻڵϹˣ¡Ĵ ûлشѴ˺ǡĴ⣬ǲ˹Ӧ ˵һֵܰɣ 
ֵֵܵܣУĴ䵱ҵܵܵģ 
ѧߵشⳡ̸ 
ҹ˿ϺŵĴԱǴһԣֻ󺣱ʿ׼ԣȻ ҲôԱǻ÷յϲá˵ڶҰЩֵǮĶƤ͡Ȼ˿ ǰѿʱĥڵ½ϡʿУǹЩҰζˡһֱе ɽ£ʯ飬Ǻɫ׵ң绯Ĳкǻɽżɽ Ǵҡҡ׹ʯҶġˣԲ׶εĸ߷ǲ ġӢΪһɽɵġ 
ǵ˿ֻҰһֻУǲ˹лˡʿ˼ֻ ȥóʦһĺòˡԶмֻɽڸԭɽԼɼ Ӣִͦ󵨡ݣµɽèڵϷֳر죬һ Ҫ˲ɽ 
ϣӣҶشϢˡҹ˿Ϻž뿪͸˹̽ŵ 
Ÿ˼Ҫںúˣܲ뿪γߣȡ Ϻŷ溽УǿΪС칦͸˹̽ͺ֮ ģˡ£գ磳ӣڴϱɽһᣬ ͲⶨźɽķλǺڴı־쵽ӣͿ˺壬ڿ նظêˡͼڶȻǵѧԱȻ֪ǣ ȵһֵģһ˹٤ƹң ˹¬ĸ̵λΰĺѽͼڶλպĵѧ֪ܲ أһ㣬һ˵ڸײһκеǰ ꣬ȵʱƹ˺ǣ޵ķֿڵƳȥΪŷ붫ӡ ֮ĺߣƹǶǰ·ߡλΰǺ֮Կ Ѱңҵһ֮ͨĽݾѽˣһƹݾ ҵˣ̽ջʲôأͲ̽ˡ 
նλڿǣ˷ٿ˽ġӢҪ ֳ׸ƬֳڣǩԼӢ˿Ϻϵĳ˿ͣ ʱϰȥһ 
˿ֻУСʱΪŸֻҪһʱúڣ 翪 
նȫǲʱ䡣зֲһֳɷĴ̣ڴ ϻţˣаˣкˣǰŸֽɫС䣬Ҳ гǡ٣λѧݵġնزûʲôʤ޷ǿϽ ıݡܶŵĻ԰֤ȯԼ緢ֺʱһ ʮּʯˡǿЩ֮Ʒһµز̨ƣ˶ ⣬ûʲôġǵмҲģڶһ磬Ǿˡ Ϻ˴Ƿǰͷ֮ƹġ籩ǡ ֹ۵ӲĵطΪǡ 
ƽ˳Ӻǵķ˹صƣƣꡣм ںϱ˹ԭ˵Ķ࣬ȥˮ½ԣȴ ǰǶȻҲûбԹˡ󰡣󣡡 λѧ߲ס˵֮ذֻý鰡 ǡûкǵͻʶǧ֮һ ٿգǵɭϸǵƽԭڷ޵ɳĮ޵Ĳԭ ڴ޵ĿɽϺıЩطǼȥðգ Ҳ¸ҵҲŵ֮·ͨͨߵĲȡ ˵ǿֹ˲ԽϰɳĮʹǡȣ ĺҪЩңңԵĺϣСڡ֮С ֻҪһƬɭ֣˴˳ΪˣӢͰĴԶȴ·ǽ ڼӶ·ȥͱ˵ñ·ߡǽ촩 һƬ󺣱ȴ޵ɳĮ׵Ķ࣬Ī˵ȫ ½ܹ֮ѺõĹϵȫ˺󰡣 
ѧ鱼ŵ˵ţǲ˹ƪ̡Ҳûһ䡣ǰ ΪѰҹأҪȫţγ½ǰּ޵Ĺ ˳ԡҿкܰǵĺҴһƬ½صһƬ½ء գһµɽӲεĻӿֳ 
Ǿǰķ˹صλγȣֺͶȣ֣ʱԲ ׶εĸ߷ڣԿˣӣ߷ģȥ ʮơ 
ˣʿ˵߷͸˹ơƶȫȷλѧ ش𣬡ݼԭͬƣôҲơһҪһ䣬 ķ˹صҲ͸˹һȥڶһֱк³ѷһ 
³ѷ𣿡׷ʡ 
ɲ𣬷ˣѧش𣬡֪ĵУûƵƯ¼ ģǲͬҸд³ѷƯ֮ǰƵˡ 
ͼڶС˵һ𣿡 
УװС㣬ұ֤㡣ôŮ˵㱻 ŵĵϣ𣿡 
£ѧҽ 
ˣҵѣǲ˹˵ܲ˵ڻĵҵ ɣ 
⻰ҵ˵ͼڶ˵ҲᡣҾ° µΪסɽסϡһвֿⴢҵĶ ܹ֮Լµġ 
һ˿𣿡 
бҪҾһ˿ˡϣй¶ʱ ڶЩ𣿱ȷѱһֻСɽһֻ˵Ļһֻɰĺ ӡһżȻһ飬³ѷʵһҲ һµϣҸٶУҡ 
лл㣬ǲ˹Ͽ˵ҿûôͷѧ³ѷҲѧ󡣡 
װİͼڶ׷˷ˣǱ͵ƶȥ˰գ ʵϾͬһϡֻ˵е³ѷ˼Ҹѡһ ȻСȥȻֺͽĺһֻǳõ һ밡 
ôˣΪڻĵϲ𣿡 
ҲšҪģ뿪Ⱥ¶ġ¼ʹֻ ܲڿʼһ˸մӺĽǣȫҪ 벻ĵطȥǰʹ벻δвǣһе¶һ ػĵϣػعʹϣؼˣأʹడ Ĺµ磬ȫֻһˣͷʱ򣬷·һ ĩڹ¶еǺ˵İҰɣͼڶ㻹 ˺á 
λѧ߲òϺ׷˵Ļһ̸Ȼڹ¶£һ ֱ˿Ϻͣڰķ˹صశĺϲŽ 
ڴϵȺɾࣵɣǰķ˹ص ʥ˵õϱʥ޵ǣӦһ䣬ֳѧ ͺŪߵ 
ǣ꣱±˸ֵģض˹ӣϣ ̽Ѱ³˹ʱ˵ֵĻǴӵض˹ӿʼġ Ա޺Ͳڵͼֱº˹ƷͨԼѧҶһ ذʥ˵õ˵ʥ޵ʥ޵˵ʥ˵õµŵ ʱԱǲſʼΰͼڶǿһ¡ 
ʥ޵λڰķ˹ص֮ϣǸ˾סСһɽ׶εɽɣ Զʱɽıǰķ˹صΧУżԸ 뿪¶ˣѹֿ泡Ŀˣ泡ȴ 鲨Եϵ˰ӷСλûлŷǿϵĵÿٺ ǧʵĺΪﲶָ㡱žȻ˳ȥ  
Ӧᵽķ˹صȻڷĲڹСȣռȨĹ ϵڲԵʥǵĺģĳһԼ涨˲ˣ ˹ӵūֳ˵ǲ˵ľ͵ڷ˵ģԽ ڷС꣱£յ˿Ϻͣĺʱϵ˿ֻ Уˣһ˺ˣ˶λõĻơˣѧ ɾάлͬˡάϣλҺߡ д˵ϵĹܹӴһЩɰʵһҸӡ ķ˹صֻвٵĲ˹٣Щܴͨ³ģ ʲôġ 
ά˽ĳ񣬾ᵽĻѪǾǵϵȫ˿ڡ ⣬мͷҰǧֻͷԵ졣ǵסλϲһȻ ۵ۿɽγɵġ 
ڰһͳ֮ǰķ˹صгˡͼڶ£ һ¿ͷ˵ոڰķ˹صϵƯǡĿڼ Ȥ 
ǣꡣӢŴǰԶԶһŨֱ ߵԮźšСͧӻˣһ꣬бɣꣻһ в޷ʮꡣѲˡûԶûȵˮ ֻάǰĸ㣬ʱ׽ͷСҰʱüˮ δʡôʯһѻ𣬾ͺ͹ĴʵŮһػţ Ϩ𣬳ȥʱҲЯŻ֣·Ǹ޼֮ڼƣм尾š һֻķϵģҵеϰߣӦڵסһ£ ƤͣȻɴӻǡǣ¹ȥˣǵĴʼûг ֡һ죬һֻȥĴϣ֪Ϊʲôܾ ո˵󣬰Ѵˣһɻһڵˮû¡ûаŴ ϴǱɡ 
ķ˹صʷһĵҲʷĻصһ¼ һˣҲոһʼһԸ ˵סЩʱ򣬽ţҲԤԼĴֻûаڽǣˣʽ һֻ⼮紵츽ڼ䷢һĻѪе ҸС˵е˹³ѷصʱľ 
ţˮ֡Ӣ˺ˣ׼ãµʱʨ ǣ¹ȥˣûʳûˣʼĹϵҲάˡӢ ˷͵ϮˣҪһⶾ֡ʱ𣬵ж˫ ҹӣʱ̲˴˻ʤ˫꣬һ ĵĹѼҵĵϷֳƲӪҪһӢ ȣභһˡ 
ϾǵϷ¼ķ˹صѾȳΪĺԱ֮ˣ ЩԱﱻүӿнȳԴԺ󣬾Ҳûκ ֻʧˡеĻеĶɳ̲ϵģʧµĴԱҲ ά泡ġȻλѸߵˣûлԺ߱ʾһ ºÿ͵黳ʲôеǺţʲôش˿֪Ȼķ˹صʥ ޵Ǹشĳµص㡣 
ʿλ˵Ļش𣬼ȲȣҲɨˡðǼͣĵطû иشӰֻ֤ʵһ¸شȷʵγγϣ ˶ѡˣŸڶ 
˿ڵһֱҹϵķ羰ʤǵϵĶֲд ƪ۵ѧҲдһҳֽ޼νࡢࡢࡢ࣬Ҳֻ ֻҰһЩѩ̡ͺˡȪͺʵĿȪӵɫ ðˮŨŨˮ̣мˮºܸߡ¶ȼһԣϣ ȡ༸Զĺﲶ㣬õֽеȪ󼸷Ӿͱˡ ͼڶҲͲȥϴˡ 
Ҹ߸˵һҹʿλҺάǡҶף ףڵһж⡣Ҳлǣףһ·ƽѰóɹ ţǾϵ˿ϺŵСͧشˡ 
شĶŮ/() ̽ʧٷΧ 
£գ糿ӣ˿ϺŵĹ¯¡¡ˣˮת񣬴êŵ 뿪С۵ɳףصêϣݽʼתδ뺣ˡӣ˿ǵ ˼װ壬ķ˹صѾߵнʧˡأеһͣ ޺УˣֻҪά֣죬ֻҪںûʲô ⣬˿ϺžͿԵĿĵˡ 
С͵ܵ޲ŭΣﲻЩдЩλǸش ʧǰƹѽҲشˣԱʧˣֻиԼ ӡϵķ籩һɲɿܵңԶĺںͼϻ ɺŮһɡӡĺảǿȥ 򶫵ġˣҲеǺΦ˱ˣʧˣҲ˵ں ı֮ǰȫװֻ⺣ǰĺȥײáǡ 
Ȼи⡣̴ձأشϢǣꣵ£ ԿǶģôеǺ뿪³ֻ죬£ձӡأ ͼڶһĴ𸴣ó෴۵Ҳܷԡ 
ǣ£յϣ뿪ķ˹صѣˡɷ򸾡ؽܡ У¥гһеǺȫԱΨһ¡̸ ʱ⣬һᣬҷ·ͷһˮ 
ͼڶͲʿһ⣬̰ͷ̧ȻһȥǸ ļʱֻʼ磬·һ˱һνС⡱סƵġ 
ʼ磬װѧߣǾ˵ֲˣȻˣ и𸴰ɡʿ˵ 
Ҫѧ˵򴬳̸⡣ 
˵ɣͼڶ˵ 
һֻͧܲһڴ޵޵̫ƽ󣿡 
Եģÿ죱ٶȺС 
ٶ𣿡 
ǣ췫ٶȱ⻹Ҫöࡣ 
ôˣѧ˵ļϵġ£աֿ϶Ƚϴǲ ģ£أ纣ˮѡǰһʴˣԭǡ£ա ߡ£աⲻͽ𣿡 
ѽ׷˻ش𣬡ӣ£յ£ա 
еǺ㹻ʱ䴩Խ̫ƽ󵽴ӡϣ 
Ҷʮؽ˲ѧĵѧߵĽ͡Ūһ㣡ʿ˵ λѵЭڣֻеޣѰøشټ ˡ 
ǲһأŸʵ 
ѽ˵Ķԣļûκμ˵ʧµĴֻڶ ˣѰĿӦڣγߵĴ޺Ķˡ 
𣬾ʿСʡûеģС㣬 ϿشĻСǡע⣬粻еǺڴ޶ ͣĻӦ̻õԮͰġΪһȫӢˣסĶӢ 񡣸ش߲ˣ·Ϳͬ 
ǵģŸͼڶ˵ͬĿڶ¸壬 ǳǣشӢҵһ֮أҲҵͨ߷ŷ ޵ġ 
׷˵Ǽ絽޵ѺԱҵͬ ķˣ 
ǵģˣѧһش𣬡һĮûһ·ͨ׵ûī شʧˣõԮͺڷĺ̲ʧһ ôСʣҸأװС㣬ѧһ 𣬡ΪֻʧԺ㸸ڴ޵½ǲǣ 
ǵģͼڶ 
ôһ½Ժ󣬸شôأҲ²ֿܣߺͬ Ӣ䵽УڴеɳĮʧͼڶ ˺óһͻȻͣסˣǵɫֻͬ򷴶ֲ²⡣ 
ȥɣʿ 
ȣȥҷ񶨵һƲ⡣شܵӢ İȫ⣬ûصžˡ 
ĸװŮ˵뿪ˡ 
ðͼڶ˵ѽ㣬С޲˵ǡ 
ҵĺӣҲܸʲôȷʵܶ϶ģֻ㸸䵽 ˷²ߡ 
Щ˻᲻ᡭ׷żˡ 
ģˡ֪׷˽Ҫ˵ʲôЩȻδޱ ºͣǵĽϵôɱԡѴԱǷ² ȥˣǾвġһ㣬ҿԱ֤мͬؿ϶ ѪкüΣмҺ˳ȺŵͽϮ  
ǺʵɿЩͽȴ˵ 
ͼڶ˵˰ɣ׷˶С˵㸸У ǻҵģЩļҲƺǣеġ 
ڻĮʧأŮһ䡣ѯʵ۹ⶢŵѧҡ 
ʧˣҲҵǲǣǣλѧҳĵػش 
⣬ʿشŤת̸ıơҲĻʧ 򡭡 
Ҳţѧֿ϶˵ 
ô޴𣿡С޲ʡ 
ôҵĺӣԼУƽ˵൱ŷ޵֮ô 󡣡 
ô𣿡ǲ˹ʵ 
ȷôУ಻һ֮ˡļдˡ½֣ Ƭ½ʸܡ½ 
ĳƺŰɣ 
ô󣬵ȻԳ֮Ϊ½ˡ 
һҪһ䣬ͼڶ˵мڹĮʧࡣ֪ ֻɳһˣ䲻ҶǰЩʱڵѧ˵Ѿҵ ټˡ 
ѵĴǴ½ûб̽𣿡׷ʡ 
ûУˡԶأǶ½ڲ˽Ķ࣬Ȼ ⲢĹǲ첻̽ռҡӣ굽꣬ڴ½ڵػ غ¿̽Ĳڣˡ 
࣬ǲ˹Żɵ˵ǵģУ ðԺĴԱʹ½̽յ߰һġ 
ǣҲ̫˵ɣУ˵ 
˵̫࣬һѧ˺ʱԵʮ˷ܡ 
˵ 
㲻ţҿ˵еģ 
侲㣬רң˵Ҫΰ 
УǹҵԶ𣿡 
ʲôңͼڶϲĻãһΪˣ Ͳǹ򣬴ˡҽ㡣Ҫ裬һǻġ 
ͼڶ¹˭֣δ֪Ҳ𱧶ϣʤҡ 
ôǿʼɣλѧɤţŮʿǣǣǲС 㣬С޲Աɷ򸾡޲Уʹˣ ĽΪĵǴޣǵ˿ϺҪȥĵطʱ̸ ̸ʷٺʲˡˣͼڶ̿ʼʾļ 
֮ĸʼе˾Ůĸףҡʵ ϵĳаգڣǰǣ˭иأӣͣ 꿪ʼҺ̽ռ̤Ƭءһ꣬ҿ˹ ˣȡСʥİĴǡ޲ҵ֣ҽڶ 
ˣ޲˵ 
ͬ꣬˹ӵĸָ˹һֱЩ½صȥ졣ǣش Ҫ鹦ں˺Ργȵĵط½½Ϊ 󺽺ҾͶˣʲôꡢȡȵȡ 
ͼڶƵ˵һ󴮡 
˿ˮֽ˵͸һ䣬˵Ӣˡ޴Ұ ţͷӣ̫ƽϵĵֲΰ룬Ĺ ֮󣬳ںܵĴǵ˽ˣ˵ƶסǻ ꣬صʱѲǺˣǻʼҺˡ ԺģУûһֱ꣬˴Ƭ ˣԴˣĴǱ򿪴ӭŷˡ˴Ǹ˲ĺң йκ䶯һʱĺУ£ڰϲع۲˽ǹյ龰 ǰ󣩣ҲЩףһΣҪûҿһ ɺǶ©ˮѿڣסˮͷҵıԵɺ Ҷ;˵ءҵǣһκʧɢάȺţ һңִ˹Уξȵȣʾ˵ļ  
ʱͼڶ۵ÿڸɤֱð̡޲ٸ֡ 
ˣ 
УһΪһûᵽӰסάԵ¡ά ķ 
ˣУӴĿѹˡ 
һûᵽ³£ͼڶȥͿ쳵һ㣬бɡ ӣɺ 
Ұɣ 
ΪֹɣʿУˣǲ˹ùʼ̫ ˡ 
ǹأͼڶŵʤʡȻˣǲ˹ش Ȼ᲻ҲΣļõúݣһǹеҲӮȥ Ĵǵʷ׷˵Ҫ˱Ļϸǲܵġ һССĵһϸ΢ʵ 
ޣϸ΢ʵУҡҡͷʾš 
㲻Уѧҽ 
˵ڴ޵ϸ΢ʵҲ㲢Ǽ֪ 
дѧͦظ˵ʾʮšҾٳһʵ㲻֪ ϻǹ𣿡Уʡ 
˵գ 
˵ 
Ȼ 
á֪֪ΪʲôĴǲڷ 
ǡ 
ߣ˵Ӣ˶ʲôҲС 
˵УѧҰյػش 
ɺܼѽֻΪǸӵͬڣ ޵ɽе͵սľêȥһȥͷ 
ôͼڶӢҶô˵ǸʮĶ磡 
磬ҳϣǲ˹ش𣬡ڴӢʷʵ 
ģģǸڰĵĵѧҲܲˣ涼˵ 𣿣 
涼˵ҲòʵװĵʿʿشţȫЦһ ƬǣôʷʵһҲ֪أ 
һҲ֪ǣҪ飡ӢͨƷΪܵˡȳ ܣôֻأ޻̸֮ǵʵȻʵǲ˹ǫ ΢ЦŻش 
֧ȥǹȻǲ˹УС 
δĵĵ죬һ£ͱ˿ϺѾ˶ȣ ֵĵطˡ˿ǿźͼ֪Ͱū½ܽˣеʮ⡣ڰū Ǻ͵ض˹֮䣬޺󹭱γȴҡ˿Ϻ ߣܿԵ̹ķǡ 
Ǵ˿ڱĴǴ½ס˵ӡ򶫺С 
ǹ֮ūǱڵƽϡֱʱΪֹ ǣ죬мƣȥ£գһҲû ˣΦˡ 
˿ϺҪװֻͻޱ޼ʵϡ 
޷ڵȥϾʿʹ̸⡣괬 ۼϵúҪˣԵöԷļеѴеķС ϣϣСķҲϡǣˮ˵ģװһñӡ 綼ûС 
ҲҪԹүˣʿ˵޷ܱã 
˵ĶԣԼش𣬡ͻȻƽǱҪ䰡 ܽڼıԵϺУּӣµꣴǶ磬ֻҪ ΢ҵĺп϶Ҫڡ 
ʲô취أĵֻţ಻鼸ˡ 
Ȼ粻籩Ļ 
Ҫ𣿡ʿ˵ţһ۲գơ 
ǵģҪ䣬ش𣬡⻰ֻܸ£ҲԸú׷˺ СǾš 
úܵʲôµأ 
ҪꡣҪϵıΪס һֱ͵ý˵ģֻУˡ־ܲע⣬ӡ ѳԹ籩ζˡϼɽҵɴ˾ͷ طͳĽս硢쫷Լָķ籩ûвԿġ Ÿʿ˵˿Ϻ̵ֻĴܸɵĺԱ÷籩ˣ а취Ըģ 
ηǳڴԱıܡӢνġͨ½ʹ ڴϲȡһзʩ 
Ԥϵһҵķ籩١ĿǰϹȻʲôͷһʧ ƭġͨյӸγγȣؾԽˮƽݶ Խ󣬷ҲԽ졣 
ҹڼװϡ쵽ӵʱϱճֿưߡŸȫˮ ֶСֻݷǰʹҹˣǿÿ ԣ׵ķǰΦ˵Ŀžֵһʹԭ֪ 籩ĳ˿Ƕ֪ôˡѧҡʿУ޲˼װ壬еΪ 棬е׼ϴʱջƣǶȴƷ  
쫷𣿡ʿŸ 
ǣҪˡ 
ʱǰˮݣܷذǰ ÷ã˵ķϡŸҪܵرһЩ棬Աƽδ ҡڵĳ̶ȡ 
ˣ˹ˮֳ׼ӦҪϮ쫷硣ϵͧ ӺͰΦ˵Ӵֳ˫ϵˣڵ߻ҲϵˣΦͺ֧Ҳˣ ׹ˡŸһڴԱһղ뵲Ǳߴ棬¥ն ۲ŷڵɫ·Ҫʱ̽ 
ʱѾ͵ˣֵͶټģͬʱ籩ɫҲ ָʾŷ籩١ 
糿һӣ׷˺СڷڸеҲðܵװϡ ʱѴÿ룲ףҵô·ߵңٵ Ҳײţڴֲڵﱼͻţּ죻˺ ǰƮͷҲߵúˣδδֻڰˮǰ š 
ŸһƳλŮͣܿߵǰǻزաмͷ򵽴 ˣװʱб廵Ŀܡ˵ŭ̫󣬺׷˼Ļ ʲôΣհɣ΢ƽĵʵ 
ûʲôΣգˣ̻ȥ 
׷˺С޷ʽشȥˡʱһ ͷβΧǵղֱͬʱˡΦŷ ѹȥδ·Ҫͷȥ 
ŸУǰʹ 
ˮǸԻصλȥˣŤˣ ȷߡǣ˿Ϻŵ±ŴỤ̃ǹҶӰһһµ ΣʱҶӰֱ̳ˮ档 
ǵУͼڶ޲ŵ˿ϺźͲ˶ӣ־壬 ǽסˣ˴˲̸ܽһ仰ǿŴȺĺڿа裬ַ籩 񣬷ԽɵԽ𾢣˿ľ 
ȻһƬ͡ȷ籩ߡҵ ѰؿСδ͵һᣬбˣѷỴ̂Ͳ ˡ˿Ϻźͷʧȥ˿ 
ôˣŸţָ̨ǰ 
˯ˣ˹ôĬ 
𣿡 
ȻȻеʦڽС 
Ÿ䱼ȥܴӡһƬ˻䣺 һҲƲˡʱеʦʧȥãױըԹ ţйȥ 
ôˣŸʡ 
ֻŤǶסˣеʦش𣬡תˡ 
ôǶסͲܸ𣿡 
ܡ 
˿̲ʧʱתˣӻܳٷ ˡˣֻôǳΪԼΣյˡķҵ 
ϼװ壬ʿ㱨Ȼʿλصա ִⲻϡ 
ܣ£Ÿ˵ұ뵥һ˴ŴԱȥ ʱûڲͷ飬ɨȥ 
Ҳܰæ 
ȥȥʿǽȥɣĳ̶ֳϽزȥգҪ  
Ÿ˵üϣһʮأʿӦȷӡ ǣͬ뿪װ塣ǵλŮʿλŮ˿ڽ֣ ⳡͷ˶Ľ 
Ÿ¸ҼǿӺʿ뷽˵ǵģѧҸ͵ ʹ뵽ΰɯʿдġ꡷һеλ˾ê٣ԳĹ ߿زȥ㲻ЩƽϢͲҪ˵Īҵ ·Ҹ㣡 
ʱŸû˷һӣ뷽跨Ѵվнѳ΢ з⴬ƫ뺽ߡˣϾ͵һЩ棬бţ 硣ǰǰСţڴҪΦһǷ·ϡ 
ֻδкܺõʻܣ紵͵úͿӱһ죬ƾ紵 򡣴٣ֵ֧סЩϵȵĶᷫɵģǷ ңôĺҲͦס 
СķбĺôǰѴʵĲֶͷά ԭкȻʻҲûΣգΪ䵽֮ ǣŸʱѡأֻ΢бʻķֻҪΦ˺ʹ ԱǶǰʱ׼ţҪ־͵ȥԼӰ Φϣעſŭĺ 
ҹ¶ȹˡϣʱ籩ȥϣա쵽 ӵʱ򣬿ǰң쫷ˡ 
Ÿһ죬Ϊʹ˵İȫǡ˿Ϻбװ ֧֨֨죬ʱͷΦĸˡһӣȫ崬ԱΪ أֻŸҪɵƵģѾЩˮŸͷҪǴΦ ˵ĻΦˡ 
ȻƯˣסˣûз򣬵ĺܣΦ˼Ҫ۶ϡʻ ٽȥˣѾܲסˣֻҪ߰һɢӷһѣ˾ͻ 
ֻһ취ǳһǷη紵ƬС֪˶ٴΣ ˼ͷĹųáֱ磳ӣǷΦĸϣڲˡ 
ǣ˿ϺһС±ϴʼ޷ٶȷʻš 籩ȥĶʻȥ뱣ٶȣΪֻпٶȲܻ ȫʱԽˣǷĴ⻮һ˽ȥͷӼװɨ ɴͷɨβʱٶȺͷһʧȥã ʱ쫷ƶ£˱죬ͷñȴߣѸͲ赲 ֮ƣӴͷβɨװ塣 
£һһҹվжȹģһеϣһʧ ˡһҲû뿪Լĸλһ㶫ҲδԣȻϱ侲ȴ ʧ룬˫۾϶űӰ 
ɲһΣնпܵġ˿Ϻű˺ߣ޷Ԧٶ ȥȻȻظоһֻвʱ´ʧ£ø ǡƴ޺ڷǰ벻ڣȻ¿ ѣǳޱ޼ʵĴ󺣱Ҫȴ򱶣Ϊ伱з ڲˣǷ籩Ѵһײǿ군ˡ 
Ÿҵʿһر̸Σ˵ǰǸ ĺԱޱ򾲵ʵ˵ҲѶΪ֮õ˿Ϻ򺣰ײȥ Ϊ˾ȴϵˣ㿴ôôˣʿ˵ 
׷ô죿Сô죿˵ 
ҵͷǵġûκϣʱ֪ͨһ 
ʱȻ֪ͨ£ 
ʿֻصŮߡŮ˿ҲоΣվҪ֪Σյʲô̶ȡ Ҳֳܴٲ֮ͬ¡ʱѧҲʱ˵ش󽲴 ۣС޲ֱŶšС޲硢쫷硢ֱ̨֮ ȤıȽϡǲ˹۹۵㰥̾ĩյĽ١ 
쵽ӵʱ򣬷籩·˵㣬ʪɢˡѸٵʵУ һƬ͵أ·磳ԶĹ⾰½رȥǰ죬ߵó档Ÿ ͷʵ赲Żĵߡ 
а԰˹˵ 
ҲΪ󸱻ش 
ǵϵˣ˵ȱõ˿Ϻʻȥ ϵ۲ܰѴ׼ȱڣǾˡ 
˿̳ߣҲܹȥ 
㿴ͷöߣ˹ʲôܴȥأֻеϵǰգ ƣ 
ʱ˿СǷ÷ƶţԺ˵ٶȼʻһ밵 ֻ̲УԶˣˮס˴۾ŸȴܿĭˮǱ һƬƽˮ档˿ϺܴﵽͱȽȫˡǣôܽȥأ г˿뵽װԸ⵽֮ʣǹڲʿðǿƬ ˡСŰˡ 
Ÿʿ˵跨ҵӣȲɾһͬ㸺С ɡ 
ɣ£شžʿԼ۾ϡ 
˿Ϻ̲ˡʱߣ㹻ˮʱ̲ǿԵġǣ ̫ˣѴһףһţȻʹ󲿴ûʹͷ͵㣬ˮƽ ֮ʹƽС 
Ÿ뵽һ취 
ͣǣͣͣ 
仰ĺ崬Աˡͨɹ֮·ļƲߣ˵һ ͣ˾ͻƽϢȥˮƯţʹͷ󻬣ټ취 Ч죬ЧʧҲ졣Ϊƽһ󣬿˱ǰӿøп ֻܸв 
װ͵ͰͷԱĹͷ·Ӱٱ ͷľͰҵϵ⡣ 
׼ŸţȺźʱ 
ֻУ룬͵ˮסʻȱڡʱˡ 
ѽ 
һ£Ͱһ㵹ˣϵӿľͰʱƬ;ǰ ѹȥ˿Ϻѹƽˮһζһգ۵ĹʻƬƽˮ ʱͲøӿˡ 
شĶŮ/() ʻѽ 
Ÿĵһ¾êһһѴȵͣͣˮ ׵ĵط׻ãǴɳʯԵסêˣȲ»êֲ¸ǳ˿Ϻ пСʱиˣ⺣屻ļ廷ס˴Ӻ Ŀ硣 
ʿŸ֣˵лл㣬ȼʹŸеޱο ʿղǷݽԶڶ׷ˡС㡢޲벻 Ļжôӡ 
ھͳһҪҪˡ˿Ϻűⳡ籩򵽺ʲôط أҵγأū½Զأ⼸ȴ ش̶ֲ㡢һ۲졢һںͼ־ 
ã˿Ϻ뿪߲̫Զγȡ˿ڶ ֺγȣֵĵطѽǣڰĴǵ϶ˣūǣ  
ѽǣ˼壬֮صĺ塣Ϳ³ϵһγɵĲң ңԡ֮һ̽ռҺϿϿͨˮ壺ߵ˹ϱ 塣ϰʡ׸׵ø۾ʥĶнڣ꣬˿ Դ൱ḻо¸ҵֲѡ̽ۺũƷ ģĹҵũҵ˿ڶڹˡ֮һ˲עҵֹҵ 
˿Ϻܲܰ𻵵ĲأҲǸؽ⡣ŸҪ֪ Щطˡˮ顣ǱˮԱ档˵Ťˣס βǣ޷תˡݴжϣ൱أҪٹ߲ Щڰ׵ǲҵġ 
ʿʹ˿ϺżŷǰУŴ޺Ѱøشټ ūͣܵõһЩҪȻٴУֱīī 𻵵Ĵֻġһ޺ã˿ϺžŶһѰù  
õҵ֧֡Ÿһ˳㿪ǵȺ򲻾ã쫷ȫϨ ȥˣűһõϷ硣ÿ׼µķΦˡ糿 ӣˮת񣬴ˡ˿Ϻųǰݷ ɷʻţϣŴ޺ķ 
Сʱѽǲˣں̽ռҺϿϣƹǣؿ³ ھశĺϺС³ǴСһŷŵĴ ǵͽӳģԴ˵Ϊ֮ءۺϵʯޱ ﻹͣʱһǻԿȺĴƽԭ Ծšڶ죬ϵСͧȥһ˵½Ǳ˰áʱڣγ ϣʿԸڣȺ֮ͣûвõĿհ׵㡣 
£һ죬δŷǰУͺһ췫һ졣 ǣм˾ͽطְĴīۺӡĵط 󿲼³ĺˣֻһЩƶͺ½żȻһ¶֧ ĺߵĵҲиɫͷֳĶϱص  
УСͧ˴æܼʻСͧǼ£ԱǲԹÿ θɷʿӰλѧҺС޲ͬǰ⣳ ˶ûۼеǺŵһǳϣġһѰ ãСģΨ©һطÿҹѴͣܵز͵ ϸѰ 
һǰһѰã£յﵽū½ǣûҵһż Ⲣû֤شûѽֻʧµĿǰˣĲкܿ ܣһܱˮɢʴˣ类Ӱˡңֻʧ£ ˺֪ܿͺӥԶŵʬĳζһһѴϵĶϴһա ⣬شĻ鱻ˮ嵽ߣȱ˷²Ȼʻᱻ½ ء 
ǣһѧĵѧҵƲվסˡڰ͢ϣ ȥļϵγǱĵص㣬Ǵֻʧµĵص㡣Ϊ˹ԭ ڶ࣬԰ѱļ뺣󡣶ڰĴǣͲͬˣγ صĺࣻ˵Ӻڸ޺Įġס˵ɳ̲ע ģӣīۺӡӵȣǵཻ֧뺣 ̴ƼˣһƿӶĺܰȫƯӡ  
ǲܵģͨһ֪ˣѧҵƲ⡪ƿںģ ˵ùȥƵͲ߼ˡ⣬У۹ͼ ҲƲﲻáˣļγָֻĵطҲ˵ ƿǸشڴײٵĵص㶪ºȥģǺԵĵˡ 
Ȼʿ˵ģֿ϶Ľۺ͸رļٶìܡһ㣬 ŸҲԤϵˣļдţҰĵˡǣ Ǽ²ֻţγң漰طǺ޵ġ 
˺ܶ࣬óۣڰū½ҲеǺŵ ʿֻûŷˣѰȻûгɹûйҲпͰɡ 
ⲻʹ˿ʮɥؽܶ˸еʧŸ ɷ򸾡Ÿǲ˹ͼڶСͧϰʱﶼ룬Ƿ ڴһˡڴһ١һǧشӡϡ 
ϣϣԶϣ׷˲ϵعߵλŮ 
శˡū½뺣ڣﳤǵļ¶Ȼ͵ɽ¡Сͧ ȻۣһȺɺΧ϶ɡ 
˿Ϻϵĳ˿˳ص˰½ޱȵĻĶغΧһ ߣ׸ߣȻϣûйȥġҶϰӢԶĵ һȱڣʯܵˮʴɽΣӶɽγɵġ 
ɷһȱڣ൱һݶҶ޲Сèһڱʶ бԮһﶥ壬ԶԶذѰͼڶУ˦档ͼڶҪ ˣǲ˹ĳ̬ƽ͡ 
һСжӼ۲һչǰƽԭһƬŹľ ͵ֲƶĻĽʿ˵ոĵ͵еĻĹȣͼڶ˵󷨹 ǰ뵺ءȻһ˾סԶϡɼһЩȻ ˼̻ļ󣬲ҾЩƶϣﲻҰ˶Ͷס 
һĥ޲С 
Ȼ⣬һĥĳڷתš 
ǸĥѧԶ׼Ƕ֮ش˵ǸССķĥ ʵãʵһȥʮ˳ۡ 
õ¥׷˵ 
ǵģˣĥĥʳѧĥʳģ۵㿴Ҳ Ƶġ 
Ǿ͵ĥƣʿ˵ 
·ˡ˰СʱԺ󣬾Ͷسɻ תͻȻġﲻǰٲݴһ¿ѵĻΧɵũׯһȺ ţһȺڲԭϳԲݣݳŸߴĶţǽƵ ӴĲݶѣΧǽĹ԰԰·һʵݶָʫĴ ԰԰ʫ˻˹Ҳò̾⣬вݣõúܺ һ򵥶ʵסլǼݼĥ֮£ϲķĥĴ תӰӴظš 
ʱֻ󹷷ͽ˱˵Ĺ١һ¡ݺͰĳߴ ţ׳ĶӺӡһ֪λǰ ڱܹ˿ѣԶ˵ıҸ 
ʿһ˻ûü˵⼰ݣȳϻӭǵĻˣ 
ؿˣӭĦ͡ 
ǰ˰ɣʿʣλ֡ǰǣǰĴ ˣĦش˵λؿˡ 
ֻֿвؽˡ׷˺СɰĦ̫̫ͬ ʱж 
ȫľʽṹӵ¥£һĴӣ ľɫͷһŰ˶£ мҾ㡣Ҿķ쳣ʵǼ׳Сơ 
ͰںáмڵĻǿţȣһЩˮҪ ڴˣдСȻ١ÿͣϵİʤӿ󣬲ȷ ʢȥʵڲʡũׯĹ͹ƽȣһԷˣĦ ָϯ 
͹ˣ͵ضԾʿ˵ 
ͺţʿһ 
ˣҶţǰ˵ 
ȻȫͶţµǰ档׷˰ⴾӵķף ɷһۣ֪ϲŷ硣 
ҳԵóģ㿪ʼԡոͰֻϵһ־ һˡĦʷһƶϳʷܵ Զĵطȥҵ˾ֻֻã˹Լ 衢ȱ㡣˭ܽʳ侲ƣ¸ϽȻóɹ 
ĦȥˣǡڱؼЯҾĴǡ ׵˴Ը󹤣ԸũҵͶºʼӪũ ũѷɻڴˡ 
ĴǵعǳɡݡÿݣӢĶƳۡһ͵ũ һݡά⣬нࡣ 
Ħũҵ飬һάһԼԵһݡӯ˼ ݡءļͥũҲرũˡȻӪ꣬ ѾˣĶغͣͷţ򡣹ȥŷūˣԼԼ ˣɵĹʹ 
˰Ħ֮󣬶ף˵ԼʷɵأŶԷ ûҪܺǱʾʲôˣ˵ ҲʲôˡʿأҪ˵ǣΪѰòеǺţ Ϳصū½ǸżɽˣûиشϢ 
ĦĻشδ˴Ϣû˵֡ûһֻ ĺū½ǳֹеǺų²갡ˣаտ϶ Աû 
ڣʿǰֲһ䣬ʧµĴֻʲôϵ 
ǣʿ˲ļľδóԼѰôֳԡ ˵ǵϣնĻشĭ 
ЩȻڳһʹĸܡ޲Сţ ѧһʵĻοǡŸҲܣ޷ǲеķơ ЩϣɴĿǣѱĶ֭ˡʱǺȻ һ仰 
ʿлϵ۰ɡشŵĻһڰĴǴ½ϣ 
شĶŮ/() еǺϵѴԱ 
⼸仰ȫݵľ㵡ʿһ뿪λе 
˭˵ 
ңǶиũ˻ش 
ѽͨĦ˵ľ治ˡңͨ˷ܶᶨ ˵ңһʿոˣһǲеǺϵһѴԱ 
һһ޴Ӱ죬Сеεת˵ز裬 صں׷˵ĻŸ޲УҲΧͨ 
ͨǸˣһϿףһ˫۾ȥһз ȻݡǿɼƺԵеģ󣬾ٶ Ͽᣬɫǻۺһʹһ˺øСƺܹ ѣµӡ֤ͬġһܳԿ࣬Ҳ³ ࣬սʤѵˡ 
ʿһоһ㣬ͨ˽˼һӴͲܲӡ ʿҷԣ⣬ͨһһشˡֳ֪ ͬٸн 
ԣʿⶼµģ·ǲӿġ 
ǲеǺϵѴԱʡ 
ǵģʿϵˮֳ 
Ǵֻʧºһյ𣿡 
ǣʿǿµĵұ˦ˮ򵽺ˡ 
㲻ļ˵ˮ֮һ𣿡 
ʲôļҲ֪£ 
ôأ 
ԭΪˣʧˣȥˡһֱΪֻһأ 
ǣղ˵ѽ 
ԣҸղ˵ŵĻ 
ղֲһ䣬һڰĴǴ½ϰ 
 
ѽֻƬ½ϡ 
ô㲻֪Ķ𣿡 
֪ʿظһ飬Ϊˣʯײˡ Ҳŵѽ 
ô㻹֪ʲôʿʡ 
ֻ֪һ㣬شţڰĴǴ½ 
ĶµģУ̲סˡ 
Ȿ⣬ʿͰ֮ͨշ̸ˡڣ̸ 棬ȽˣһǶڵʷڿʼʻˡ 
ͨУ»ش 
ڴͷӴʱͻȻ˦˳ȥеǺ޺ʻȥʱ 밶ӢˣµصһǶ 
γ𣿡Ÿʡ 
ǵģͨ˵ 
ǲ 
ǣڶˮֳ˵ 
ʲôʱ򣿡 
ꣶ£ҹ 
ˣԼˣʿ 
˰ɣʿˮֲֳţһڴ½ ҵܵĵطȥҡ 
һȥңһҵǣǽȳǣѧҽ ļزһ䣬ܲ˵䵽 
ɵأûλѧҹάĻɷ򸾡޲ٴӿ ͨߡŰ֣ͨǰشİȫ˱ ֤Ȼˮܰȫգӳǳ𣿰ͨҲظŸӦ һĻ⣬һһ˽͡ʱС ֡Ǹ׵һѽǲеǺϵһԱѽڸش ѽǹͬƯðŹͬΣѽСű˪ ˮ 
ֱʱΪֹûκٻˮֳˡֻУŸҲڣ 밬ͨĻǷȫšɺϿɻɵġȻˮֳ ٳʵԼ˴ڣٳද˵ϸڡϸھȷ ҲһģΪƭӵֶö࣬Ҷ֪һ㡣ˣУ̬ ȣ¶ 
ŸأĻɲþͱˮֵĻˡˮ̸ֶ ʱΪͨǸشĻˡͨǳϤĺӡǳ ʱڸ˹ۼǡ˵촬Ѹ𣬾ᣬӶ ԷʱС޲꣬ˮֵҿտȴΦϵ ľ龪һ 
𣿡С޲Цʡ 
ˮֳ㽲С飬·أȴʮҪЪ  
˵ѽͨٸǽǵĸס 
ˮֳǵҪ󡣾ʿԸĻͷи⼷ ׷ֿοڡ 
̸Уͨ˲еǺŵʷԼ̫ƽϵĺС ǴκҲ֪һ֣ΪֻϢһֱꣵ²ʧһУҴ ڴ޸Ҫ½ضǵ¼ǡ¿ǣЩ½ض ֳأǵܵӢֵӡȻǾȻڰͲҵһݵ㣬 ÿǶԱ֤ķ١ȷĦ¹ӺͷɱĴ·м һ;վһബֻرʿ˺ӿͨԺ󣬾ǵĺ߾ ȡˡشǸеˣЩ˹ʹͬζ 
еǺڿͲ֮󣬾͵ȥʳꣵ£뿪 Ƕۣ׼ӡȡǻŷ޴½̺ڣһ˵ıѴ ˡҪˣǿΦ˲ɡ©ʼˮôҲ²סȫ崬Ա 켸ҹδۣˣһҲ벻ˮִڷ籩еˣ죸ҹ ˮˣ彥³Сֶͧڿ籩йˡֻڴϵ ʱѧƲ˰ĴǶһײûˡ һͨͷȥһɺϣ˹ȥѹԺ 䵽С½ҲûеǺŵϢڸش ֹһεľУҲˮֳ˵ʵ 򣬲̫ˡļټϰͨĸ˾Ѱþ͸ʵ 壬һг֤شͬûסǺܺƲ⵽˵ Դ밬ͨһ½Ρܼ򵥣ͨס 
ͨ˵ķ²֮󣬾ڴ˺һͶúܿ࣬Ϊǲ䱾 ࣬ܵŰū꣬ȻŻָ ɵϣܻܶΣգǵȴκһСԱѡ 
꣱һҹ˷ϣܵԭʼɭ һ£ԵǲݸҶƤȣڹ̵ĵǻ쿿̫Ͽ ǱľءԽ󡢺ɽ߹̽ ҶҵĵطܵþƣȥһϢĦ ˼ͶҸ 
ͨҺܸмҶҲ⣬ǰ֮˵ ¸ҵˣֻҪԸ⣬Զļҡ 
ˮֳ˸ƣʾ԰˵ĸлȺǼ⡣ʱ гɵģӦǡǣشеü 飬ʲôأˣʿôչۣĿǰӦƶһ ѰüƻУתˮֳʵ 
˵ǸشĲ£ʲô֤𣿡 
⻹˵ͨɵػش 
ǣоУе㲻Σֲһ䡣 
дϵķ֤顣 
˵ţ߳ȥȡ֤顣ȥһӡĦ˵һ ʿҿ֤ͨǸʵˡµĻûһ 𱸵ġ֪Ǹѵķ²ǸˣֵΡ 
ʿׯɴûлɹͨݣʱ֤ͨ ֤Ǵ͸شͬǩģϳǸ׵ıʼ֤дšһ ԱķͨΪ˹ΦеǺϵˮֳڶ԰ͨ ޻ɵˡڣʿ˵ҵ⡣ ͨõġٸЩ飬ǽʮָл 
ˮֳһȻش˵лл¶ҵΣҲϣ ҶķҲ˽һܸλæĻ 
㵱Ȼܸǰæʿ˵ 
Һʹһˮֳ˵Ȼǳһѳ ûܵӢأκϢͲòɺһ°ȥ ˡ˵ԤϵѧҸ˵Ǽ˵ ²ļҲԤϵˡܲƲ⣬ȥĵطһγ Աء 
пܣˮֳش˵Щŷ˵˺סӢֳ ġ 
Ѷˣʿ˵ţû⣬ôһƬ½أ ô½ҵ²Ӱأ 
ʱĳĬ֮󣬺׷۹̽ȫð飬ǵò𸴣ֱ ĵѧҲƿˣŸڴȥҲеЩΪѡ ʲôأͨ׷ˮֳˣ㣬 
ҪĻˣͨ൱˵ٻص˿Ϻϣֱʻµص ȥǶټ£ҵһȻô 
õãʿ˵ֻҪȵ˿Ϻ޺˲ųɡ 
𣿡ͨʡ 
ǵģش 
𣿡 
ֻҪЩߡһֵҶƬŤˣֻеī ޺á 
ŷ𣿡ˮֳʡ 
ܣǣ΢磬˿Ϻŵ¸̫˷ʱˡΣҪ īȥġ 
ôȥά޺ˣѧҽǲȥ¸ˡ 
ȥ𣿡ʡ 
ĴǺͺһţγ߾ˡ 
ǵ˿ϺأˮֳʣԵøġ 
ȵ˿Ϻ޺úȥǡ˭ƻУ 
ҲԣУش𣬡ֻҪĴǿеĻ 
û⣬ѧ˵һ麣׷˺Сһȥأ 
˵Ļͼڶʿʡ 
ʵ˵װĸ¡ֻУ·̣һߣ һ¾ˣ޺õ˿ϺʱࡣҪһγн ҪڰĴĲִҪЩȵĴɳĮ֮Ҫ 󵨵̽Ҳû£ǾͲͬˡУԸĻ Ҳڴ׶صȥһûʲôĶ  
أʿпܷⶼ 
Ĵûޡ 
δأ 
γûˡʹУҲô׺ݡ 
Ӣأ 
ڰĴϲʡûֻжֳСγߴάʡ ܾ뾳һƶɣʡͷŵ׼뾳ά ʡִ֪ͨ˾нĸۿڣֹԺúֹͣԹ˾Ĳ 
ǵģĦ϶˰ͼڶ˵άϰġ ˹ǸʡҲ׷Ч¡ 
˵Ҳͨ͵Ǹ÷˰ɣǣ ѧ˵ûˣûޣûŷҲûõĵڣҸ ͬƻ˰ɣ 
˼Σˣʿʡ 
ͬҵװİ»׷˻شְ꣬ͷת˵ ·ɣǣ 
شĶŮ/() Ĵǽ 
ʿһУ˷ʱ䡣ͼڶĽһܣ̷Ը еһ׼ڵڶˡ 
κĴǴ½ʲôأȻشƬ½ѳΪ޿ɱ沵 ʵôԶܻջģȻиĻҵǽγ ߽Ȼ˭Ҳܿ϶ҵϻټ ֱͨʧµص㡣ҪĿꡣ 
ңͨҲͬһȥΪ򵼣Ǵάǵɭֱ֣ﶫ ˳ɹİաʿʮָܻøشˮֵİλ ũׯǲǰͨȥ಻㡣 
ĦȻ᲻ʧȥһõİ﹤ȻͬˡôأͨϺ һȥѻ𣿡 
ˮֳû̻شԥһ£ȻһпǺˣ˵ 
ðɣʿҺλǰҲټҲ쵽µ ġ 
лл㣬ͨʿ˵ 
Ҫһ⣬ʿ 
˵ɣѡ 
׼ʲôطͬ˿ϺŻ룿 
ǲҪȫ꣬͵īɣֱﶫǾ롣 
ô˿ϺŴأ 
īָʾ 
ˣʿҾˡ 
Ȼ㡣 
еǺϵˮֳͨܵȫ崬ԱһӭصĶŮҲ֪ ʾ˶л⡣ǰ⣬ľʾˡֻаĦϲΪ ͨҪˣʧȥһλʵİ֣֪Զ򵼲ɣ ֻʹˡʿĦͨߣ˵֮󣬳˿ǻشˣͰͨ Լ˻ʱ͵ص㡣 
һϲصػصϣһתˣκιҲûˣЩ¸ҵķ߲ ½Ϲˣÿж˻ĵ졣 
һнչ˳Ļ֮󣬻˿ϺžܰѸش͵ո ½ˣ 
Ÿֺ֧½нʱΪжһٲԣں; ʿжƻʱɼҪȥ 
ֻһ⣬ģʿ˵ǾĴ󸱿𣿡 
Σش𣬡˹ǸúԱһܰѵ˿ϺſĿĵأ ɻѴ޺õġǸְˣ˽Ըļƻӻִеġ ˣһˡ 
Ȼðɣһȥʿ˵ҵĸףڳҲ á 
£ŸӦһ 
˵ֻ˶ѣΪǳ 
ڶ죬ľͼˮ֣ʳȥũׯˣͰĦ֯ ͨߵ¡ 
ׯȫҶڵȺǣ׼һԸͶֹͨҲڴˣϧԼ ľ飬ṩ 
һ㣬ĦŸһµģŮͳţпׯṩ Ӻţ 
ţǳ׵ĴϳŴƤ񣬵£֣ûз ͷ복βԶܼת䡣ͷϰţ׵ĳԯ׼ͷţɶԵվԯߡ ţмɲɡͨǸϳ֣ݳְĪˡ 
ûеɣŸûһ취һֲڵĶֻгڲ õúһˡޣֳΣмľ塣װʳǰγ Ů͡ľӹǰαһµСݣذŵ̺װϴ豸 Ϊ׷˺С׼Ŵ̡ܹƤҹԵס пǿԶ꣬ҹ䣬סڿ˼Ҫ СĵطһѣȻɹˡ׷˺СС ϵĿͷˡ 
пǾͱȽϼˣʿѧҡ޲Уѷ ˮÿһƥλˮ־Ȼ½ϡСˡͨݳȻڳ ͷ 
±ȶԸ 
ţׯ԰ĲݵϳԲݣʱ׼ 
ŸһаͣǴǰһϡһҪذݾʿ ġͨҲҪһ˲Ŷԣǣĵӵʱ򣬴ʹ߽ա 
ܵһӭʿڴϳԷʢȴȻˡĦ һжʾ档ļҾߡڳϵķľ̴ɵװ޿ڲ 
ͨ෴ЩҪѲʮ͡ 
ǣλˮֳδӺеĽǶһ졣һֱι۵˿ ʻͺúȥúպգر䣬˽˴ ̡ܺŸЩרҵ̸ۣ֪ͨǸˡּ Φ˺ʹߣι۵˽ 
δƯʿǶٶλʡ 
λ 
⴬һӿԴݵܣͨ˵Ҳµòɣ 
˵˵Ͳ¶ˡֽ ôûһս׷ˡ 
ǵģԺػش𣬡˿ϺֻδκηʽУ ġ 
ŷҲȱĴ𣿡 
ûŸ˵ 
ôʿ㣬ˮֳ˵ΪһͨԱף ɣ 
ãͨʿ˵ֻҪԸ⣬ʱ¡ 
һῼģˮֳ򵥻ش 
ʱ±ȶ棬ϯѰںãϯ 
һɫⰬͨѧҶУ˵̫ˣУǵ ˵ܾˮֳ׺;ֹԾӦ˵Ҳƫͼ֡ 
ϯ䣬ˮֳϤĴ½Ȥܡʾʿˮڴ½ СһֻغѷʾȡȰʿҼһ㣬һټ ֡ 
ļ֣ӦʹУķȫˡ 
ΪʲôҪأʿʣ;ûΣհɣ 
ûκΣգˮֳش 
ôˮڴϺˣ˿ϺŷҪ֡رҪǣ Ҫָص롣ˣϵֻǲΪá 
ͨ·𶮵˾ʿ˼Ȱˡ 
ɫ˿ͺͰ˷ˡͨͰĦȫһصǵׯ԰Ӧ Ϊ׼ãʱ˵ӡ 
׷˺СһбҪ׼ʱ䲢ĶԶûаͼڶ ô¡ѧ˰ҹǾ޴Զֲװԣ ڣһУʱڴ˯ 
ũׯһֻСͧţŸһȥԴ󸱰˹ һηԸһҪīȺҲʲô¶ִС 
λϺԱдܷģȫ庣ԱףԶĳɹСͧ뿪˴ ġ쳹ֻãӣСͧˣһӺһ˳ڰĦ ׯ԰ 
һ׼׷˿Ϊ׼λ˼ˡ޴ԭʼţ ҲϲǣͷţһԶԵţϼҳһҲĿζͨţ ޣڵȺ˵ 
üˣѧ˵ùеʳ󽭺һ йûбзʽˡһķӣͣߣȥɣ бõ𣿹Ŵ˵Ļʵˡͼڶ ׷˵ԹҵĿˡ 
Ȼһˣѧ߻ش𣬡ҵңһġ 
ҽȺĵ׷˵ǡȳϵ һǲǣͼڶڵضԺЦš 
һ罻ƥˣ룬˻ʿĿһй ã˵лĻλ⻰ȽǮ 
źһ׷˺СˡԳͨ±ȶ ᣬ˶Ħһϵ۱ǣȫ˺šţ˻ ֹˣ忩֨֨һ·һת䣬ǳʵÿ͵İ ũׯˡ 
µڱѱ䡢ʪˡϰɲͬ ȵļ죬Ѿ죬Ϊ̫ڣ£սĥɹÿ ƽϵʱԽԽ١ˣɷһеԶںȴһ̫½С 
һӡӢܳưĴǣº˹ǡ СڰĴǴ½СƶֳأЩֳĽ ֱġӢ˲˵ΡҳĽߡ ֳضǳ飬һһ˴ǶϣǶķһ㡣˼ҿֱߺֱ ǼμǵİϷǵѧҵַֻкػۣŴȻ ɰĲβΪ顣 
ʽķͼڶЦҲѹ֡ĴڷĻ ѧҾᰮسߡ߱ʵ˳̶ȡ 
½ڷΪֳأֻкס񡣽󵨵ľð ½Զĵط֪ĸأû֪ Ļ 
ҿγ߲Щ̵ĵطЩطѧ̽ȥ޻ء ʿǲðȥģڣҪİĴϲһ׵ʡ ֣άʡʿǸεļˡ 
ׯ԰άǱ߾ꡣͨڶϵ άʡߵİ˹׳ҹ 
пʼʱǡ˾񣬰Ծ˾޹ؽҪԾҪһ 㡣˭Զ·ҪϧҾÿƽֻߣ ߡңţƳٶȺҪţ󳵣ͬϵ˺ ʳþߣΪĺģ·Ǹıݡ˾ڳߣ· 복̫Զ 
Ĵû涨һΧڿߣڴԵܿҰ ʵ˺Ů̸̸ģѧҵľһͼڶУæò ֺ 
ʼ·ûʲôʤġһ꣬ȴͺͺġһƬ أγ˵ġԭϸһƬƬľԣЩֲζҶ Ǽģԣ·߹ȥЩʱԿһ ͷĶǣһ߸³Բݡ 
ֱΪֹƽԭ˹ԭûƽ̹գȺҰ ޡУӲҪ˵ڰ͢ɵѧȴ϶˵βþͻ仯 ֱ֤Ҷĳ֡ 
쵽ˣӲһƬĿҰСԭʵӵ 磬˫治ϵضˣһ˺ţܿաҪӲǲ ܵģҿеǰĦˮ˾Ͳһֹʹͼڶ Щǿرֱ 
ʱ֣öɵʵ׺ƽԭػмð׽Զһ 㣬һѹ޵žһЩ֣ධһ Щ԰դϰ˵ӣţڱӵ£ӽ˽Ų˺콺վ 
νվָԭĽ֪ǰĴǲԭϵ ҪƸ˶ЩˡڵϵǡȷԶޱ޼ Ĳԭʱ򣬵һһ 
콺վǸĽʿȴܵʢЩƫƧ˼ңÿ ġڰĴУ洦ɼ 
ڶ죬һжҪڵϵάʡڡ潥 ͲƽСɽһͷɽϸɫϸɳֱһ汻 ˵Ĵ졣ֱɰƤɼǵ̵֦ҶӱŷֵĲ ԭ˻Ĵ󡣹һ·ֿƬСãЩ Խܶ裬һÿùСɴʼֳԭʼɭֵķò 
ȻӽάǱ߾ʱرţǶе¼̤һƬµ 档ʼһֱǰʹκϰҲˡǶ żѧǵһ۲۵ֱ֮߾̵·̡ʲôƣʲô ѣһɶ 
ǵнٶţеٶΪ׼Щƽ͵ߵò죬һҲû ͣ 
һˣ죬հﰢ˹˵ˣά ǾĵһСɰͨͽջСᡱĿջȫ õıݡϣһɫˣڣʽʮַʢ 
ҳԵö̸࣬Ҳࡣÿ˶֪ĴǴ½ϵԶλ ѧҴ򿪻ϻӡȻͼڶȥ룬ԡҸİĴǡΪά ʡ 
Ҹݵòȷ˵Ӧ˵ġ֣ΪҸ͸ ĲᲢۡĴн󣬿ȴЩðռռǴ Կ 
άֳأʷܶ𣿡׷ʡǵģˣţʷ ǣꣶ£գڶ 
ϣ㣱֣Уһ䣬ܰ˵ӵĵѧҿЦ 
ԣǣ㣱֣ѧһ˵ͷ ۽һݵ㣬īǶĺϡУֳػ ʿʡһ֣άʡ 
ͷˣʿʡ 
ɣҵĸ߹ѣѧһش𣬡һЩͳ֣ У᲻ᣬҾ÷ǳ˼ 
˵ˡУ˵ 
ֳ꣬Уˡ죬Уˡ ÿǧѾơǧƥƽԭϱţǧ٣ͷţ һ޼ʵϡ 
أУʡ 
ԲҲǡУͷ 
ֻأͼڶ 
УֻУ 
ڳԵͷ𣿡 
ڣֻǳԵķ֮ˡʣǵѧң׷ Ȳʵϣλѧ߶Щ̫Ϥˣҵıǲ˹ҲѲ  
ȻֱڻûСУһ䣬ͷ 
һУͼڶˣҸ㣬㱣֤ط ֵĵط½γɡΡʧûһ㲻 ʹϵȫѧ߾ȵġƬ½ȴĿʼγɵģ Բôмγһںظɺˡڿ ûһ㳱ľÿһƤҶӴ䣬ҶǱ̫˲ľ ĳղţʯܻúܵͣݳúܸߣأ޺ ѼޣʹѧǲòΪһ׶ࣻ ̲ԾɽͷɣǺڵģ񡯻ӭ ӿ˵ĵʽ̬Ҳ벻еʱӱʱе ޳죬еķĥеšδδӰе糿ճʱ Уеڰʱ䣡ǸϡŹ֣߼ĵطǸ 飬Ȼɵ 
ͼڶһƪۣ˵õΣ·ੲݡ˵ָֻţ з裬ߵ˺Σա󣬻һƬĺȲĻѹȥˡ Ĭˡ 
Ȼ˵췽ҹ̷Ĺ£ѾˣҪȥˡȻУȴ ༤ 
˵𣬲ѧרң 
ˣأѧҶһ䣬˾ͷô׷ һ䣬ѵб𣿡 
Ȼˣ˵ɣȶֲﻹ 
ٸӰɣ˽С 
Ҳ˵Ĵƣḻࣻûʪ磬 ༲û﷢˺컨ԲﶼûС 
ȻҲһСŵѽʿ˵ȻǸŵ㣬 ѧһش𣬡ҵĳһ㣬˵·Ǽٵġ 
˵Կʡ 
Զҵġ 
ţ˵Ͳסˡ 
˵С 
ʲô 
н̻ܣ 
̻ܣ 
ǵģǵѧҳĵ˵Ľ⣬Ҳ⡣д Ŀܿϴһеģ·꣡ӢǱ˵̻ ע⵽ĹЧˡ 
ôӰ𣿡׷ʡ 
ǵģˣ˶ޣһá 
㲻˵Цɣͼڶ 
ȻǣǿɣȺȺѱˡ 
ܵ£ 
ǲɸıʵµˣһ˵ֳʺĿ ͱˡֹܣƼ֪ˡڰĴǴ½һڱ áôأͼڶ׷˵Ѿˣ Ĵ½ʲôأùινУˣѧЦǰϣι УûԵĻ˵ 
شĶŮ/() һƬ 
ڶ죬һͶѾ൱ˣǻܵˣ·ƽ̹ һһƬ֣ľ൱ϡ衣һ죬ҹӪڰ׺ߣ ĺˮηָߣܺȡ 
ǶλѧҲò׺ףںڣ캣죬ƺ ƣɽһȻΪάѧΪ绤˺ܾã ûһܳġ 
±ȶ׼ÿеڳеþ˯ ˣȻǹϵغš 
ڰ׺Ķ԰չһƬƽԭ濪ɫľջڶ죬ÿһ ѱ㿴ķ羰һȻǻǰʱˡԶļͺ ⣬һ߶ǲԭͻ䣬һƬĵĴ⡣ɫϸҶͱز ɫľӳȤʽİĪ׺Ƭݵءηֵĵ˻ҡ ˵ֲ֬еɫеǵɫЩֲﶼõĹҵԭϣ ճɻҿõļͼڶֱֲѧˣЩİĻ ܽг֣ͬʱŨȤⲻҪ˵Ĵֲѷˣ ֣࣬֡ 
ţʼڸߴСЩǶľ߲ݡ׽ ȣޣ̬ǧƬȪ۵ƽԭֲﲢûйĶͣ ࣬ɢҲŨֵɫҲͷס 
ڶ磬ľˡֻʳƽԭϱţ޷ӽǡʱ УȴɣȻһǹһֻھֵĹǹСϼءӢֽ ޺סߣףף죬²ĩ⣬Բ׶Ρͷϵ ɫ;ϵɫزİɫֻϵʺɫ໥ӳšȻ·Ҫѵɫ ϵɫʶݹˡ 
Ҷ˼·С޲Ҳ¸ҵشһֻ޵Ļô һĹȫǲ˹ˡ޲Ĺޣһ⬣һʳޣ˵ һĲĶ紴˵Щʮ档ճҺĳͷ ԲͲ棬׽óԡҪʳ 
ֻ󣡡ͼڶ޵֣ǿ 
ѿˣʿʡ 
ѿѿȴ涯ѧ˵ңֻаĴǴ½С 
ͼڶֻߣΪ׶ı걾⵽±ȶļ ԣֻ÷죬жѵȣֵĵطΪֹǺ ͡ˡˡǵطƺ˾ס˵ӰҲһΪδ 嶼ڴӺīۺ֧ľͷƬ˼Ĺε 
ǣһټ׳۳ʹ˷½Щ󵨵Ͷ˷ ڣӶɽάǼϰĵʡлῴӴݡ 
쵽磴ӣָǰ棳ĵطһĳӵƽϳ ôѽҺ⡣벩ѧĵѧҽ͡ǣûȰͼڶ ڣͨһ仰ĳ˼ͨ˵߹ʱĻҳ 
ˮֳδжϴƬ̽Ʈ洫㡢˻ţĺ У˵Ľкںͽ 
һ˴ˣָ֧ӡʿӭȥС ؽ̸λָӣ߳ΪءֽɽķȻԶ ܵȥ 
ЩǴɽǴƽԭģʱݣҪǸϵϰЩĲ ϣˣٸ߼۳ۣ׬٣ܼƿɵãʡǣҪж ԡܰȺϵĿĵذ·ҪԶٿడǮҲ װ 
Ⱥڼغ߲ݴԻǰУʼľˡ׷˺С㼰 ʿǶ£ǡء˵ 
ѾˣÿԼߣ·;ã²ŵ ꡣУæУֻˣ˺Ѱʧ ڡ󳵸֧޴棬ȺƤȺȥάŹ̶ õĴȺѲߡ 
ÿǶӴľӵ಻ͬڲһߣΪҰţ ܲܺദ߹ĵطţԸԲݡԱţУ ֳӪȷ棻ŵɣָӣһ 
Ѵע⣺֧޾ġ쵼ǹҲˣţţǴ ġ족ȫӵǡʮׯϵǰͦܵѡ·Ȩ ܱ˵ۿҲʮ£ǡҪͣͣˣЪһ ֮ǲźţ뷨ӽҲɵġ 
֧޾Զ䲻ǹϣɫŵָӣȴҲֵñʷǡء Զϸɲ䡣˵ֻҪ֧ƽԭߣһв⡣ ·ԲݣСˮҹʱ˯һУȫϼǵ˴ ɭЩֲľ߲ݴԣѾͶࡣʱɢˣҪ óʱٺһңһʧҪϧһд۰һǾ ɢΣաһ´꣬⣬󲻿ǰҪ籩ŵ÷ Ⱥ׷Ҵܡ 
ȻǡءĻǺ¸ңȻ˷Щѡǰߣһ һŲţƽԭ֡ɽ׵ȥˡǣ˻ǡ¸⣬ Ҫһָ߹ƷʣԡԹʱرҪһӱߣء Ƕɲȥ󲻿ϹţһᵽˮܡҲˮ ܡȵҹѹӲºӣĸԸҲɡǺˮϤһ» ϲˮСУĸסȻʱᵢ¡ء Ⱥš˻šŵļһް취ͻȻһ죬ƾһʱˣһС ˡʱֳһѣ޷ʹôعӡǣһң  
Ͼϸڡ˵ʱȺѾȻ߹óһ· ʱø϶ǰͷѡõˡԣʿǣ ϵҹָ𡣲һʧһŻҳ֮С 
ţǱȺǰˡһֱϣɽͣ 
ʱѧ֣µѴ˵ǣ£գʥڵˡش գ˾񳤲δǣһϯζɿڵˡҶ±ȶգ ̫ˡһ͵У¹ȡţ⡢Ѭ㣬ۺɵĵ ⣬й裬δҺȣдʿɺͼƿѾơҳţֱ Ϊڷ˼е꿼ķĴأ 
ȻʢʲôҲȱȻѧһҪӵˮǳҰ Ĺժ˽Сë桱Ӻζҧެһ ǵѧΪʾȰѧӲͷƤӷڿУ춼ˡУ½ ɳĮص㣬Ҳ˵ˡ 
ڶ죬¿ǹŵͨӵķֵش־ɺԵӡ ʣҲ̫ȣ洵ѿڵúˬͺͱڱһ ͼڶСѧ޲͵ 
ǵãΪƽԣϰȱЩ 
ΪʲôϰȱأСʡ 
û˵ڶ̫𣿡 
˵ 
û˵̫бԵ𣿡 
Ҳ֪ѽ 
ҵĺӣϰȾԭѽ 
Ҳ޲գգۡ 
뿴ѧֽ͵ŷ޹ʱ򣬰Ĵڵһ 棬ʲôڣ 
ļѽ޲˵ 
Ǻãʱ򣬵ӽ̫㶮𣿡 
Ҷˡ 
ϰΪϰȱļ̫Щ 
ˣͼڶ 
ˣ˼˵ڶ졯ǽЩָ˶ԡ 
һ㣬Ҵû뵽޲ش 
ˣԺˡ 
޲ĵΣ󣬻֪άʡƽϣҡ 
ϣж˹幫ĵطӪɽ߸ŵɽϱ ǵɽ 
ڶ죱ӵĹ⾰ţάӺӰаӢˮǳм ŽͶ⻹мøߴҽֲޡ˹Ц ɳĳ֦ɴ׸ߣ֦ϵ׺ź컨ǧֻе֦Ҷ ȥ̲ϣһԺߴϷˮԽеġݡһˮв ˡάӺܶ࣬ˮػƬʤԭҰϡ 
ʱͣƬ̺ƵĲݵϣݵرԵݣˮеӳǵٻӰ ûľţֻƬǳ̲ˮķ֮һĵطˮǳ׼ ڴ˶ɺӡ̽⣬ˮֻУףˣţߺӵ߹ʲôΣա 
ûбķ𣿡ʿʰͨ 
ǵģˮֳش𣬡ҾﲢΣաǿԹȥ 
ô˺СҪ³ˡ 
ûбҪţߵúȣұ֤ƽ̹ˮ·ϡ 
ðգͨ㡣 
Χסţϵºˡͨǳ̲ӣܶһͰ Ǿʿһû֡Ȧֻˮˡͨǣţָ šУˮǰ浲סʿʹڳԣ׼ʱλŮ͡ ѧҺС޲˺ģˮˣֱ͵ᡣţ߳ǳ̲̽ ףҲȥġˣͨ¸ҵЧͣԼˮסţǣڰţ · 
ʱû뵽ӺȻһһˮ͵ŮǵĽŸ ʿʹץסƯյһ˲䡣 
ҿͨץסţʹһ⣬ְѳŤתǰӵǸ£ţ Žˡһڰȫ˺ӡȻʪ͸ﻹ ġ 
ӵĳһ㣬ʿǰҲˡ 
ʧʮΪѡͨʱԸ£Ըȥ ĺڵվҵƵ 
ãǾͰˣͨʿ˵ã 
輸ͷˡ 
ȥɣȥءǾάӰӪ 
Ӻˮֳͨ˿һïܵľ߲ݺʧˡ 
һĿʱ䶼ĥеɢ֮Уÿάӱߵķ羰̸Ц šغͺ׵߽㡱طȥˡй޻ĸ֦ϣ 𿡢姬̳ڷʴİٺϻ֦зȥٲˣȽģ ȻڿĽϷ˶С 
ɢǾһĴȻеˮߣе Ĳݵϣеľ߲ݴƻʱ̣ܶһͺˡǿ ޵ķλ߻Ϊϰûбǵģֻðѵƽ춥мҫŵϼʮ Ϊǵָꡣ 
±ȶˡҺܿϯᣬһģ ѷüɴģ˾񳤵ɵġ 
󣬴Ҹ̸̸ٵȥ˯⹼õɫȺȻٲ ͼڶ׷ҪЩ̽ռҵĹ£һ޳ɡ 
ҪѧҰѻϻӴ򿪣֮õ¡һïʢġɼ £ѩðһֱʧںڰ֦Ҷͼڶϲ˼ؽ  
ҲǵãǡڴϽмҵ֣Ƕ븹أ ϵɱϵ̽աļǰؿˡȲ޺˹ͼء ȲҲ˵ˡǰĴίԱȥѰҰؿ˵ģΪؿ˴ Ǵкһֱûл 
ؿ˺˹ͼλ󵨵̽ռңҪ˵λ̽ʷл Թ 
꣸£ԣīʼѧĹ£һλľٳˣ ޲ؿˡһȥĹˣгɫѧ˹ֲѧҰ׿ ʿиӡٽаգмӡȱ⣬ ͣµʳģƥͣƥա̽նԤؿ²ߣֱ Ŀ塣˳ԽīۺӺʹ򣬵ֳر߽÷վ 
Ϊ̫׸ѣټϰؿƢã̽ն ڲָ͡յż̽նӡؿվǰſ²ӵ ȥʱ߹ˮݷʱ߹;ȱˮԴʯ·£ ѣˣڿ²ӰϽһվ 
ЩмͣһЩʱͻһϵеѣ˹һ ;ݵ㡣ؿ˰̽նӷֳСӡһСɰ쵼˹أ £򣳸ϣʳȱĻһֱһСӻһСֻؿˡ 񡢸˹ˡǴȥƥգУµʳ ۡסۡ⡢⡢ɣ һж;õġ 
ĸ˳ˡѵشһƬߵĵ󵽴ﰣϡԴˣǾ ܵѭŶߣһֱߡ 
£գ߹ϻعߣ̫ȵúͻһһֺ¥ ҲˮȣʱҵıʱҲˬһЩʱεļ ˣ˵ûΪǡ֮;ûʲôɽ赲·Ѳ 
£գһЩɰʵꡣɽţ·ˡ˻ ǿǰߣȴ϶׻˵ɽתµó˺Ȼˣǻ ԼﵽɺӺӰ˷ֵºΣĻ һ 
һ̲أ˵뺣Զˡʱҵֻգ նǰˡ͸ֻˡؿ˺˹ ˵ǵռ˵һ֮ǵһû ̲أûп󡣡 
˵ǾͲǰˣʿʡ 
Ȼǰˣѧһش𣬡̲ȥݣֻû˹ ǵð롣̸ףؿ˺ͬ۵þƣֻһһƵ ͽȻּع顣 
·⡢Σպͼ֪࣬òˣΪû¼ ¼һʮΣյġ 
ȷǣµ²ӵʱ򣬣ֻʣˡ۹ȶ ƥҲȺˣƥȻؿֻҪ˹аĴ Ⱥͬͻþȡˣִľһذǰߡ£ գڵ˹˭֪һ죬Ϊˣ²ˣѶ һˡ 
ˣС޲ 
ûˣ˵˲ˣյȻҲ׷ˡ⣳˳ Ҳ΢ָһ¡ǣͨԽӻУأ 
ʱؿȥΪİֳվȥ˾ֳ ˡʣµƥգһƥڿ²Ţ֧УһƥҲһˣֻɱ䵱 ΪʱѳԵþ⡣ţֻóһֽСɶˮֲ; ûˮûʢˮĹߣˣòſ²Ӱߡ˭֪в ƣһְǵĲӺõյˡһжˣֻõ 
ؿ˰ѽе˵ҿҪˣҵıͱʼǱ ǹУʱھôڣȥҡ˵⼸仰 ؿ˾Ͳٿڣڶ糿 
񾪿ֵúܣ֪ΰźãȥ˰æˣ˹Ҳȥ ˡڽˣ㱻ˣ·ݣʼѧɳ̽նѰǣ Ⱥӵĵطҵ񡣾Ǵݹ½ģ̽ռңֻһŹ 
ͼڶԺ±ҵӡ󡣴ش֪ں ҲͰؿ˵һȻС鲻Խᡣ 
ҵĸףҿĸװؽšС㣬侲㣬 Ͽ˵˼ЩѣðնСشͽһ ܺãŻģ㸸ײδնĻİȫû⣡ ڶֲһ䣬ظһ飬С㣬˶ȳϺÿ͵ģ 
Ըϵ۱Ů˵ 
˹ͼأʿʣıһ±۵ķΧ˹ͼôѧ Ž˶ˣʷᡣӣ꣬˹ͼؾͿʼУȺ ΣδɹһٵˡԪִˣ ԵĻ飬뿪˿˹ӣһֱ࿨ʮĵطΪֹʳԾ ְ;ϡȻҪðճԣ֯˵ĴУξȻ˾޴  
ϰΪ֧̽գӢ˹ͼظԼľ飬˳ ׼¡µµһ˼̽նӡǴˣֻƤͰÿ ֻ߼ꣴ£գʽļƻ·ضǰ ˱Ȱؿ˵·ƫȡ 
˹ͼں̲ΪһӪءȻߣڶݵƽԭ Ϫ˳ˣ·̡ 
һǸõطЩʢСݵˡڴ˷һţ׳ رߡ˹ͼ־ϲǰУ޲ϺӡӶ ʵȴذסˣ̽ռдúܺá 
жͦƬʯɳ̲ҵ˰׵úԴǣ Ǵ׵úӽˣ󣬺ӦòԶˡ 
£գڶЪˮ̲ΪǰжСϪסȥ·ߡ ڶ죬ʱƹ޷ɹĺ⣬ʱǰǳݵ ߵأེƤάɼľŸˮ񣬶ǳͣ ˣټֻԶԶмҰӪð̡ 
£գǳУˡ糿㣲ߣͿԵ ﺣߡأ˹ͼ˺İδ˵ţһ ƬҰ԰С 
˹ͼ˼̤ӡ󺣰˹ֽ Ҳĸ̾þûصڴ󺣵Ͽա 
Ƭ½ڵڣݹˣ 
֮ʣϰܶ˵˹ͼϴصǴȵأһϿ ԼֵдԼ˹֣ʾΰ̽¼ 
գ˹ͼȥ죬ܲϷ򵽰׵úӿڣǾ أߣֻ÷ƻ 
˹ͼһϰĴǵġֿһ֣ һ߾ȥ 
мҰͼʾȡͻᷢһӣװһļһ ǵǣ 
϶ݹĴǵ 
ΰ̽ 
Լ˹ͼΪ׵̽ռڣꣷ£յ˵أݹ˰Ĵ ǣϺֱӡ󺣰;½ġڣ꣱£뿪 óǣͦΪεĳɹģ̽նӳһо áԸϵ۱Ů 
̽ռǵǩ 
Ǵκ䶯Ĵ¾ 
Щ¸ҵǶص𣿡׷ʡǵģˣǶˣ ˲ٿࡣ˹ͼأڻ;У˰Ѫص彡³ أΪ˶ʱˣȻ漣ػȻ·ϼ ȥڣ£ص׵óǣȫǾһӭĹ ǣǲãڽ˵ѧĽ֮󣬳ӡȺŻոȥˡ ڣŵɽС 
ʿ˵Ҫʹδҵ ոĺöӣӦֵýԺ 
˹ͼԺ󣬻ȥð𣿡׷ʵУˣѧһ 𣬡ҳ˵ɳãȺ̽գᰮҵȥֲ꣬ ѧղʿһļ裬Ϊһ̽յľѡһ¸ҵġˡ¸ ̫죬ڣꣶ£ճҺ̸ʱҲ½ ϼѰأףǳɹգҲףǺһҲɹ 
ǵѧҵϡʱѲˣһȥ˯ˡžҹֻʱ ڰ׽Ҷһһرʱ 
شĶŮ/() 𳵿īۺԭҰ 
Уͨ뿪Ӫأóʱûе ĵĿ־˿ûбֳֻעźΧĻƬƽأʼձ ͷĺҹֹȥˣ̫¶Ц 
ʿ°ͨһ˻ûӻ޷·ѽһ Ҳᵢü죬ʿɣ޲̴ﵽĿĵأʱ 
ôͨ׼ʱˣҲҵˡλǸĸߴ󣬽׳ļһ ⣬һ࣬ᡣ޹ؽҪֻҪоС˵ ࣬Ǹ˷ѿˡ 
вУʡ 
Ҳò׼ͨ˵˵ɡ 
ˣҲǲ˹ֻϵⶼһ ȦѪǳϺɫ·һȻһ½˰̣Ǽƾɵëû ס̺ۡУʹʹᣬֻͷ¡ 
Сʱ󣬳޺ˡ 
ھʿҲܿ춤ϵرҶ״϶Ҷ Уͨ 
Ǻڵվı־ˮֳش𡣡Ϊ˱ѰҶʧںվϵ ӡֲ塣 
֮Ҫ˹Ǯˣܹ˵ûľ仰 
Ъһж·ˡ߹һƬľ߲ݴԣһƬʵġ¶ƽ ԭʯʯɢƽԭϡ߼Ӣ̲شţ޼ѹú ಻СϪڸߴ«έУˮԶЩǴƬƬ ļأ·ѣҲį 
׷˰ʿ뵽ÿ˶л᲻Ϣһ¡ͬͰķ 죬Сţһҫ¡һܵ˵д ȻŸҲзݣԴׯص̸ᣬ෴أȴʹ˿ġ 
֪бɿ̵··ҳܴ󣬲е˺ ١жڴļʱӹߵ꣬ҹޣ Զĵطʱϸ꣬ڱĹҲóʪǣ ĿҰӪһҲӰ졣 
ڶ죬ɽ·̫࣬ߵ΢һ㡣һһСɽֱ ʿӰ;ߵͲƽµһҲߡʿУ 
ӣǵһ൱Ҫĳп˹³ˡͨƹУ ȥԱʡʱ䡣ںʵİͼڶǼѰ¡ֻԱ㣬ţ ǰС 
λѧҺһܰС޲档ڳۻؿһ£ ̵ܶʱѾ㹻ʹ԰ĴǵĳиˡһСһ ԺһгһѧУһáӣשģ뻮һȫĽ һıΣĽֵƽеģȫӢʽġ̫ζˣ Ļѽֵӳһ¾ͳˣͺС֮ѿȷųһһĵԭĶ һҲ䡣 
˹³˳˻Ծգһ˳СææµµţһƬ ٵľ󡣰˽ӵվֱӿЩػڵؾĻ´ӱ ɽĸʯġЩֻĲһĶϣע·˵ ֹ 
ͼڶ޲һͷһˣ󴩹һƬػصж СعȥһƬĲԭȺ˵ᡣǰߣ ǻĮˣͻǰĴǴȻе 
ȻֱʱΪֹûһԭʼˡʿѾڻɣǲ Ͱ͢˹һûӡذˣĴǴ½ްĴ𣿵ѧ ˵γϣҪīۺǴƽԭϣǴƽԭɴ򶫻УԶ ء 
ǿ쵽ӵĵطˣͼڶ˵￪ɽ һǵضȥ˵ľ۾ӵأӵɽҰȥˣ 򡣽֮ǰǾܴīۺӺͺ·ˡ˵ ǣĴǾ·ҾûǼ£ 
Ϊʲôǹأʿʡ 
Ϊ̫ЭˡˣӢںֳؼܵߣ ᣬڰĴǽ·ǿȻˣһ˵ һ·ͰԭĴǵĹȫˡ 
Ϊֻȥںͽҳ⻰ѧһش ˵ǻͷ̵ĵţŵգޡʳ𼦵С ǰδ˴һԳһУӢ˺ ⣬κ˿˶ᾪȵġǵ·һɣԭʫȫûˡ 
ʫûʲôϵֻҪԭˣУ 
ʱѴ֮ıۡж·ܽˡһл ʻǡͣ·͹·Ľڵĵط·ǰͼڶղ˵һ ϵάʡʡͰĴīۺӡĶǸֵĵ ߡˡվһ·īĽͨˡ ·޳ɣīɢ˹֮䣬п϶ٺͿ˹վ еĻУ￨һīۺ½ֳ ׸ 
γ뿨˹վӢﴦһ·ţţīۺӵһ֧ ٺϡ 
ͨţţʿţǰ棬뾡ϵţһ Լĺġ 
ԭһȺ˶űȥ˶һΧ·Ա ˡǿظһ 
·ȥ·ȥ 
һʲôͨ¹ˣɧҲǳһ 
ʿںţӣ͸ϵ˿šű߲֪ɧ ԭ 
ԭķһ𱯲ҵĳײǻѹ䵽Сʹ ΪصĻ𳵽ͨ¹ʡ·СӱͷͳˡҲڳ ̫أѹˣҲΪѹ죬ڳУ굽ӵףֻһڣ֪ ôϿˣ漣رԨֻһ׶ԶհˮеĲҾĿ ãŤˣײɢˣѹˣľսˡײըˣƬ ؽǡҰķУð̡ӵºӹȻңһ ѩϼ˪ƬƬѪһһĲк֫ճɽ̿壬ؿ ˭ҲȥжѪģߡ 
ʿѧҡУʹ˴УŴ˵۶̡˴ȵæµ ⣬Ѱ˼ųµԭ 
Ƕɵģһ˵ 
Ƕأһ˽˵űǺúõѽ 
ǳӵ˵ʱûаŽϲųµġ 
ԭһתšƽʱתִͨСǲԱʧְǰת أӳ˿գطٺƲƺ ΪȻһѹڳͷͳ棬һһϵţû ˣ޿ɻɣԱʧְⳡ 
¹ʷҹǣο쳵ϣ㣴ִīʧʱΪ 㣱֣һ£һڳϵгԱԮǵ߸Ӷڵϣ 绰ͨˡ˿˹ܵͷ֮Ÿϵµص㡣ֳܼ ׳һһӾʿѴȹ֯ʱ糿ˡ ˡҲæʱǻյȵʱ̣ǣ 
ʬ壬Ŀģñϲ壬·бϡŻϳ Ϊʱһѳһո⡣ȫÿ͹ж٣ֻ֪У һڳУա·ɾȻȥҽԺˡ 
ʱʿܼ˵ݣͺλ̸⾯ָݣ֣ ܸɡⳡһǰͺһѧһһû δ֪ԣʿеһһȴػش 
ֹǲһʿ 
ֹǲһʿһʲôأ 
һУǾٰȻػش 
ʿ׷ֲʵĴǣͷ׳ӦΡ 
ǵģʿҲΪ϶¡һڳ⵽٣δ ģ˱ͽϮתǱתģ⣻˵ԱҲʧˣ ﷸһġ 
ٶֻܼҡͷ 
ͬҵ𣿡׳ 
Աͨﷸһ㣬Ҳͬ⡣ 
Ȼܼ⣬ҪǴͨĻ룬εڲԭϵ˲ᶮתŵ صġ 
⻰ǶԵģ˵ 
ô׳˵и֤㣴һֻ˿ţ ݴ˵һ߹ְغˡ 
Ҳɿ 
ˣԱžתҾԱ˴ͨһǲɱ粵ʵ 
Ǿٳ˼ţһֱҡͷ 
ôΪвǳ֮ˣ 
Բǡ 
˭أ 
ʱһƬ൱ΰ빫ĵطΧһţΧˮй ͨȺ̧һʬ塣ʬԱѾˣĿڱͱһְʬ ϵԶԶأһʬ巢ˣ֤ٵĻȷġ Ӿû˵ˡ 
ֵģ˵ʹһϤˡãֲһ䣬ָ λε˵һҪ⸱͸ 
ôµǡ 
ЩӢµĴøǮļһôͼڶ ðĴֳ׻ 
ԭΪǲ׼άʡģʿ̽˵ 
ޣǾ˵ɶƨãǻ͵ɹģû´Ļһ һǴӲ˹ġˣǻҪز˹ȥҵݱ֤ 
׳ͷʾͬʱţѾ·͹·Ľ㡣ʿԸ ŮͿĿ̶õĲǣܼ˸кˡð֣ Ҳˡ 
²ܵǵ·̣˵ 
ţԣʿλŮֻ˵һл𳵳£ûиԭǲ ׼Ժʱ߰ͨСжͷʮĵطԽ·վ ǰš 
ӲһƬ۵ɽɽ꾡ͷչһƬʤľ һƬһһԸ뿪úȴľһïʢɰǡ ȡкһɣźͶһԣԴɫҶӺ Ҷһֲڡڡȡ֦мһЩɼغԲ׶ ֡ɼȻݣǳӢͦлľϸ֦ˮ ɫˮƬȻ羰ʵ˲֪һźá 
Сжպ׷˵ڴͣ󳵵ľֲڿ֨֨ˡ һɫĵ̺İѵֳ̺൱Եķӣ̡ 
һƬΪڵµ˶ŵľ֮أǶôʫⰡĹش Ĳû·˺ܲ׿ 
һƬĹص֣ͼڶԴ˵Ȼһ˵Ĺء ǰǣôŨܵ񣬺һȺôֵķһжôʤ һĸоҲûС˼ҼֱˮΪ԰ˣѱ˼䡣 Ƭľ·Ϊ˶ŵġҪǰ˵룬Ҳᱻȳߵ ţ˵ʥ㱻ֳţ̤ˣĹϵѱ䡣 ֮صҲĮĵ̤ƽˡ 
ʱ򣬵ѧҺС޲ĹڣС·ţ̸߱˴˽֪ʶ Ϊ̸߲˼׵·ʿͣסˣҲͷ Ͽǵı̬·ڹ۲һϡĶ 
ͨߴţһҲϵǶ֪̾ͣ;ȵ ԭˡԭиСˣǸкŷ޷װһïܵĴº˯ һ֪ĸģͷغڵƤӣ촽 سǵ͵ɫ֡ǣһԵúͱ˲ͬɣ һĻ 
׷һ⺢ӣرģ˳ȫԱҲΧ˹ Ȼ˯ 
ĺӣС˵ǲڻĽ·ˡ 
룬׷˵ǴԶɨĹģˣ 
ǲܶѽ޲˵һˣҡ 
޲仰û˵꣬С˷˸ȴûѣϿ˸Сƣ д 
 
￨ȥ 
ɷԱʷ˹ 
Ѹ 
ҿʮ־ȡ 
Ӣ˸ɵİϷͼڶͺӻؼҾͺͼİһ ʡͲùˡ˼˵ǰһأ 
С׷߶ţǲǳ˵ĻѽҲĸĸ ˣֻһˡ룬ģˣش𣬡Ӳ˵ һ𣿡 
ˣС˵ 
Ȼˡ۾ſΪ̫ǿ̱ϡ׷֣ վȵЩˣɫŰˡذ 
Сѣ㶮Ӣ𣿡ʡ 
㣡ǺӢش𣬵Ũ 
ʲô֣ʡ 
ҽڣС˵ 
ڣͼڶ廰ˣûǴĻð޻˵ ǡƤ֮壬ǲǣ 
ڵͷְĿתŮ͡ 
Сѣ˽ʡ 
ī˵ĵɢ˹صĻ𳵡 
˵ڿųг𣿡ʿʡ 
ǵģ 
һ𣿡 
УڻؼҡͿ˹ʦҽʷ˹չˣ˭֪ǿķԱ ˤˡ 
ڻϣ㻹ʶ𣿡 
ûУ 
ǣ̵ĵû˼ңΪʲôҪأΪʲôҪ뿪 ţһ㣬ʡ 
ԭҪعȥˡ 
ְ𣿡С޲ʡ 
У硣˵С޲֡С޲硱ʮָˣ סСǡ˺ѡ 
ʱеÿͶڵ̸Ȥ̫ѾطϢƺҲ ڸϼ·Ҳûж˼ڴ˰ӪկͨţٺˣҲ֧ ˡ±ȶ׼ˣһ𹲽ͣȻӶˣ ǿһһͬϯСкһ޲мкòˣ һ߽һߵле㵨ӣȴʮŵʮϲ 
ȻڳԷ̸δֹܹڣǡʵʷܼ С˵һСʱ͵ֳĴƻȥˡĴ ºͣ˴ӲӡڴﾭǡǴ൱ԭʼķװ ڴȥֹҵƷߡԾߡȣЩΪʡǮ ԸǵĺȥӢʽĽ 
ڵĸĸġǺīˣ꣬һֱδһˡȻ ˼֮鲻ģһֱǺлԾš;ļ࣬Ҫؼҿ ǿɢĲļͥҲá 
㿴˸ĸ֮󻹻ȥ𣿡ʡ 
ȥˡһֳϿҵĿźס 
㽫Ҫʲôأ 
Ҫҵͬнȳɣ 
һĺ˵ĵĻֻḡİЦ˵˲Żᷢ Цġǣǰո˶Сڵжˡ ѧҴܵжλСӢۿʼͬġ 
ʵ˵ɣֱΪֹϲŷ޷װСˡΪĴǲ 뿴ֱؽǵŷ޷ʽϣǳ壬ϿлƵˡ 񡱵ķʽԸڵһ̸̬ȫˡС ˷ͶءӴˣҲڵĺѡ 
ʱ˵īʦѧУ˹ʦУ 
ѧУʲôΣ׷ʡ 
ʥѧ 
ѧҽ˵Ŀϡǵģڻش ڷź֮ǰҵοԵһȽ 
εù򵥣 
ҵĽƷС˴´ͳһʥһҳдī ʦѧУεһڣˡ 
ѧҲͲסˣһĴǵˣڵѧš ڣǡڶְһҲ㲻ںιʡ׷˽ ˵ͼڶλѧңվϽ̨һһλĽڡ 
һλѧڣС˵㿼Ұɣ 
㣬֮أҵīʦĵν̵ 
ڻ㿪۽ģСĵ㣬ͼڶУд̡ 
дõĵѧ鿪۽磡 
˵ţָһ±ϵ۾ͽһׯϵʼʡ 
ѧڣվ˵ 
ڱվţصȰͼڶ⡣ޣͼڶ ʣʱѧҲ֪иϼޡ 
ޡޡޡŷޡޣС˳ڶ 
Լˡ㣬޻ּ֡ 
ҪֳɲǣܿǣǡҪУĴǣӢ Ӣ˹ǣӢ̹ķ¿ ȣӢˡ 
ˣˣô޶ڴеߵı֮𣿣ͼڶ Ҿã෴ 
ʲôС˾ȵʡ 
ѵīʦͽЩ𣿡 
ѽ̵ò𣿡 
ãüˣ޶̳ǵˡٽȥ㡣 
ѧǸ飬գ뾪ȡУֱ֡ 
ʴС 
̸̸ްɣѧ˵ 
Ǹޣڻش˵ǼӶҪ˹ ס¼¡ȡб£ȺȺ˹Ⱥ ȣӢˡ 
ˣˣҵĺѧ̸̸ްɣ 
ްҪֳأϱǺֳأǿնأЩӢ أҪڡúãѧ΢˿ʼ϶ Ӣĵѧˣ̵òڰǣĦ硢Ӣͼ޳ ȥˣڣҵ̸̸ޣ 
𣡷ΪͱӢаô²ˣ бڹԼѷεܶ 
Լѷܶͼڶֿͳļ̳˰˽Ļ治 ǡǡӡȵӢĳΪɱ沵 ʵ֪˵ˡ֪ʦŷô˵ 
ŷޣڲѧΪʲôô 
ѽŷޣ˭ģ 
ȻӢǺӺŵػش 
ϵˣ˵˵ 
ΪŷӢոȺǶ Ӣ˵ġ 
ãбĹ𣬺ӣ 
Ĺңûˡ 
аµ˹أ 
Щʡݣǹҡ 
дѧҰ۾һժ 
ʡǲӡ 
ˣԣзأҲӢһʡ 
ǵģʡǼ 
ҲӢ 
Ȼǡ 
ѧЦŪĪ˼⣬ 𣬶ôŹ֡Ҳû뵽ĵȻЦȴƺ ţׯصصĪЦ 
ôѧң㿪۽˰ɣǲ˹˵˵öԣУͼ ڶش𣬡㿴īĽʦ̵öã绮ǵİͼĽ طֻѱˡӣҲӢ𣿡 
ӢġСһػش 
ѧһվԭλҲסˣҸطЦɡ ܵӪĵطЦһ 
ʱʿԼ鼮ҳһ顣ѷġѧۡⱾ ӢӣС˵Ľʦ˵ÿѧǿ 
ӣ˵ⱾȥɣҲԾһ ڵѧĴ󡣡 
ڽӹ飬ش˿еĲͼŲŵ飬ϷŽ´ 
ʱɫΪǰ·òϢˡ޲С˺ͬ˯ С˽ˡ 
һ׷˺СҲسȥˣпǶ¡ʱͼ ڶЦЦϲȵĸ質һƬ 
ǣڶ糿ӣһƬѳ˯ʱǸĴǵС˲ ˡصأ 
ǵѧҵĿЦأ˭Ҳ֪ 
ǣ׷ʱ򣬷Ա߷һʵĵҶ߲ݣͼڶ´ Ǳѷġѧۡ 
شĶŮ/() ƽ֮ 
ֽ꣬׶ػʼҵѧ᳤ĪѷоĴϺԶ ϵɽĵʹɽƵ㡣֪ɽһ ӵɽˣλѧҾ룺ĴǵɽǲҲصĽ أǵģƶϲ 
ȻԺ˴걾;һ ȥºĽ 
ϰֽɳǶͨʿֽ󴲵Ƿ׺˹ʿ  
һ䶯ľ˶ˣγˡԽȡǰ·Ƕǲ ࣬չΪѸ٣治ʥǸͬ 
ֱʱΪֹ֪άʡн˲ࡣڣ꣬ʡž ɳãĸطͬʱɡĸطǰ̡ĺӡظɽЩ طܷḻǣʱǰط󡣶ɽ󣬿ʯ ߣֲȣ߱ʱĽӼ۸ÿɣﵽ ȫг۸߼¼ 
ڣγСжһ֪жƲ ж˷Ƶĵط£գ᫲ƽţе·һ֮ ɽԲԲɽˡǵһɽӪϵţ Ա߳Եݡڶ죬ҲǣԪţڻƽ֮ĵ·ϡ 
ѧҺ߹ĽɽеʮҡɽðĴ˵ С¶֪жðռܹǿҪ˼ģҲԼ ġرǣ꣬ƽУƽȡвһ ţ֪жΪõ˷ƵĻᣬ硣Ҷ˵ϵۿ ǧƽӣջļڣǣЩӦ˶ջ˱սˡ ǡƷΩоߡ˹Ȼ࣬һͷ˴ƵҲ١ 鹵ģҶ˵Ƶģһʮʮ٣ĺãҰļұ ׷ӿĴǴ½˵īУˣǧ֧֯ ɵĴ޶ߡ 
ڻƽطϵҵ޷ݡȻӢֹе ţȻ־ơЩʿٵĹˣаԣ ʿʱ·ǲб龰ˡȥˣڣ󿪲ɵþ ϸƶȿš 
ң긴һĿɣáǧٿסǰñؽǵĶ ۣ㽥ؿˡ 
쵽ӵʱÿǵ˿ġһ˵ġСйб ҲнáкͱݣùݡũׯֳҲУо糡ʱһ 汾طľ籾ݵúܺá籾˵ľˣھĩʱʧ һڳһ˵Ĵ顣 
ʿҲرǿιһɽĲɽðͨϳߣһ ͸ȥʩͰͼڶ⣬һԸµس䵱򵼺ͽ˵Ա 
ȥ·ܿʯ̳ɣˮոˮʲôƽ ޹˾ܰ´ܻ㡱ȵȵĴƵעĿͶʱ Ѵ˹ȥĵʽˣ¡¡ǰߣһȥ ϶Ƕۣģղϴһ㡣 ЩˣУǱ˴˲һͶš 
ʱͼڶ˵ǲҪΪڴ½ϾûֿȭĲҽӵġ ֪󲿷ֹ˶ɹ˾ӶģΪǷɣ ģûǮû³ĵطһЩֲԸͶˣͲòð յˡ 
ʲôأ 
ǡӡͼڶش˵ȷˣȨڿϿɣȻ ֻҪãһԷơ 
أУʡ 
ӡѽҸղŲ˵𣿡 
ôأУʡ 
ӡиףɱɧңܵ޷ȡ 
˵ѽ˼ҵθڣ 
˵أҹϵģκһɿش⣬ֻҪСʱ ˿ɣͱɹˡϵ۱㣬˭ռ˭㿪ɡˣС޲ ãһ󴲣Ȩ͹ˡ 
ҪҵܵĻͷС㲻ˡ 
С㣬ǺЦġԶģءء ʩʡջ˸ɵ顣͵һҰǡϹ꣬ҵ ӣͶ·˸ɵĹС޲ȥġ 
ǲιҪ󳡣ֻ̤һϸɳ̳ɵ·ȻСߴĽ ݶŹ졣ʿһ˵õܼĽӴ뵽ιۡ 
źܶ˾ѼĽӡָܼӵ걾˵ ֲɽ𷨵顣״ͷֽǶǿʯ飬Ӻ һ𣬻߰ڹʯƤ档ԣʱҪʵĲͬʹõ濪ɷ ȿɷ 
ǾĻֲڼɽȺ͸ɹСֳɲΣǽ ǽƬǱ顣 
ǷֽĻⲿʯƤֽˣͼγһšʱ һţһ̵ļʡ 
ɽ󣬽ֲճУʯƬĸзС˵ ֵطҵƬĽ㣬ǡѡ 
ι걾֮йݡĴǵԹɵĸ ʶšĴǸеĲֻǽӣĴǴ½޴ľ۱裬 е䱦ڳй֡ڲİɫĻ бʯʯ̵ʯʯõɫĺ챦ʯ⣬Ľʯ ͶСꡣָ֮ıʯĿƷȫ ʲôҲȱͲˣһɣ׼ⱦһա 
ʿлܼдǳȥιۿ󴲡 
ͼڶǸѷ֮֮ˣȻÿһҪϿҪʲô ƵġðǺЦҲںʱһʯͷоһ űӵιжˡ 
ѧң㶪ʲôˣУȡЦ˵ 
ɲƽʯĵطܸоʲôƵġҲΪʲ ôҿӴߣһ㡣 
Ҫҵˣô죬ҵİͼڶʿʡ 
ҪҵˣҾͰ׸ѽ浽 
л𣡡 
Ȼܣ˵Ϊ·Ĺ𡣡 
Ҷ԰ͼڶİ׷ףԸҵĽ顣 
һ濪ЦһΧĿǹڹءеعţ ûͶ顣 
ϣһСƹźţ롣ƹݣȻòԵ㶫 ˣͼڶϰ㵱ϡ 
һŵաνŵաӢˮƣƶˮ ˣּЩǶѡȷ̫ĴʽŷܲˡÿͽӹƱֶ һƿˮˣŵաֱӢˮƣƹϰ忴˺ܾȡ 
˾֮󣬴̸Щˣ򣬾û̸Ļˡ 
ͼڶһж⣬źǵɽɽʱ ۣȤЩ 
ʱ򣬡ѧ˵汻ڳһһСڶϣЩ ϣڶûԶǹõǮǳԵ ˣǺȵˣСƹݾǵ˼˵ġʱʱҲ ӣ޷ֹʱֻɾѹϾӰˣضˣÿ Ҳʼ˰ˡȻղѣȼǻҪҡ 
ɽһУ˭Ը𣿡׷ʡǵģˣвѧƾ ֻҪ׳СһЩƶƵñˣ޷ģǮĴѳͷǮ ĴѵǮǮ֮µ˾еĿȡǽ һֹˣձ񡢴񡢲ľ塢ҶɵСݡм ܶĵܴãӢ죬иֹԱס񣬻Сս ̵ĸֵ̡Щ̷׬Ǿ޸˵ѪǮƵĻˡǰﳤ Ӵëľˣˮǲϵĳͷʬĸ ζһϢĻҳһЩǣǵ̣ܶҪǰ Щһ˺׼ʹǣ롣Щðռ 뱲ӣƵֻһȴھȥ 
ܲܰѲɽӵķͼڶʿʡټ򵥲ˣͼ ڶ˵ڵĲɽֻԽڣͬˡ˾ֱҵȥɽ ƬҶ顣ǣԽֻԽνɳԽ˶ѡȾأΪ ǳȻˮϴѽӺɳӷֳֿϴһ ߣöһҡ״һ׳ĺӣһ޸ǵĹײģ ֳ㡣ϲһ˿Ǽϸɴڶ²ֺխԽʱ Ѻɳڵһϣˮϴֽʯڴɴϣϸɴ Сֱڸϸɴϣˮ嵽ڶĩˡձõ  
Ȼ򵥣Ͼһֹߡ˵ 
Ϊ˱ˣֻѧһش𣬡ûУҲԲҪ 
ҪʲôأСʡ 
øӴ棬һĲȴǽ ɽĵһ꣬ɽûʲôǮͷ˲ƣǽȵиʱ ƽ𡣾ڵ棬༫ˡϪˮڿšīĽֵ϶нӣ· ĭӡԣڣһ£ɽ˵īĻƽͼֵ٣ ɡ 
ڶ˹ʵ۵ٺʿ˵ 
ʵҲ̫ˣУһ䡣 
ûһ±㷢Ƶģ׷ʡ 
ҲмΣˡ 
˵ó𣿡ʿ˵ 
꣬ڰ̣˼ҵһأڼ˹һأ һأһɽ˷һأ ԣʰĻһֵǧ٣ɣһͷ ɵ൱ɹˣ 
Щһ֣ƽӶأʡ 
̫ˣʮͳҶÿĻƽǧɣڣƲ ࣬ˡ 
ˣǽŵ£ҲĽӰɣС޲˵ 
аӣҲм֮԰ڽŵףΪǲ Ǯ 
ôĴǿǡ񡯵ĵطˡ 
ǣӵĵطǵĵطΪطһֺе ˣǹŸûʡݵҵĺӣõĵطǳӣǳ ΪͶϵض 
ڶ죬̫ոÿǿ˲ͬʱҲ߳ı߾ ڣڴĶҳ·ϣСʱ֮·һˡ˳ Уа¾ͿԵ¸ĺˡ 
Ŀǰ廹ԵţҲࡣѧ˵Ĵǵرˡ ⻰ˡٵúܣûУҲ̫ȡ 
ԿŲҰжӵĽ䱸࣬ǰԤʩˡ 涨ȣԵ˲̫ܵԶҪţΣҹӪسӡ ǹ϶װӵȻлǿڻҰгûѽвˡ 
˵Щ䱸Ĵʩûú׷˺С֪ΪʿԸǵġ 
ֽ䱸ȻҪΪһСģͻӡҲֻɷһ˹ǵ һ㣬һЩоվϵġˡҲʱ͵ϮһҼұջ ˩ԺжǰţȺʱûһǹġ ֽ䱸֣ǼѪķʹǲòˡЩƽʱ˯ƽһ ҹĻ٣Ŵˡ 
ǵطҲСĽܱӱ£رҪʳǰʳڴ ·ϱۣܷġһ죬ʿһ˴·ʱһʳ۶ ƬҳȻһ㣬һζɾʿǿž죬ǹ ⡣ƽȵʱŷ޵ҶкĴǴ½ֽ䱸 ·ֻصֻҵʱˡ 
߹Ī·һ֮ţһƬ֡Ƭִÿüγȣ ִ֣԰ū½ǳǵһΡ 
ҿЩ׸ߣӷ׵ƤУ׺Ĵ̾ ˺ܴ֣ԼУף滹ζ֬һֱͦأ׵ĸ߶ȡ £û֦辺ѿûһƻЩ˵ĲӰľ Ҳѹô⾻ 
ЩһǼٿãһϸȡ˼ߵĸ߶Ȳſʼ 辣֦ҶԳƣ֦ͷǻҶҶﴹһ󻨣к󸲸ŵϲ 
УȻķϵĳվˡ䣬ǵȼ ࣬϶ҲСţȺȺͨ衣Ƭֲԭʼɭһ֦ܼ ൹µɣǾҪȥǵû ɡһ̤ĵǳƽ̣̣ڵ֮ġ һͷ࣬Ҳˬһͷ· ˲ɴ͸ġӰܹ򣬵ϵҲһйһɾ ԶĿһµĸоĴǵɭֺŷ޴½ϵɭ־ǲһ˰С ෱ҽơĴֲ 
ɫĲ£֮ԲܣӰ֮ԲҶóԵ ʡûһƬҶƽ̫ģǵʽҶ߲̫۾ӭ̫ ȥֻܿصҶ档ԣ̫͸Ҷܴﵽ棬ͺ͸Ҷһ  
ע⵽һ㣬еϡ档Ȼֻеѧܹ⣬̻ش ˵ 
ʹֵĵҶӵ棬ȻеֲѧĪ ˣǰСм 
мʲô˼Сʡ 
ѧϣģԭǡб֮Щֲѧҹϣ ƭˣ˲׷ʵԵءмޱ֮ 
һǶͬ⣬˵ˣʿ˵ҶΪʲô ôɡ 
ڵѧֲѧԭ򣬡ѧҽ͵һһ ٣ɹˣľڵ֭ҺҲ̫ࡣΪȥǾ͵跨 ܿ⣬Լֹʤԣǲ̫ɹšûб Ҷٴˡ 
ҲûбЩҶ˽ˣǲ˹˵ЩҶֻԼҲ ˿һ¡ 
˶޳У˵ֻаͼڶ޳ɣĨŶϵĺ飬ȴΪû ·һܿɹĻᡣˣҶϾòǵ øСƬܳʱ䣬յգޱȻԳ 
ţޱ޼ʵŲţûһֻҰޣһˡֻϵļֻ Ϊ飬֦ͷΪǳʱһȺи紩Զ϶ɫ쵵һ ֮ޱȵĴɫУһĳţֻ ꥵĳͰͨţĺߺƬޱߵľ 
ɫʿһ˾ڼñչõ֧Ӫ⼸󹤳 Ĵ̴ѣɱտգӽһֱֻͨʣһƤȻš ȻˣˡĻϰվûƬɭֵġ±ȶõѧҵ 飬һÿˡյһ𣬻ϴܣһֱ嵽 ҶСҹɰͨءѷʹֱֵ࣬صճʱ 
£գǵ۾ض·Զ߲ꡣȻʱ֣ Խϡˣ߼СƬƽԭϳһķݡ 
ľѧҽУһСǾͳάʡı߾ˡ 
λԺ𣿡ʡ 
ֻǸ򵥵Ĵӣڱһ򡣡 
ǿҸù𣿡ʿʡ 
û⡣ 
ôǿȥɣҪŮǽסЩ룬ǲᷴ԰ɣ 
ȻᣬҺϲиҪ·̫Զõг̡ 
һҲԶҲƣˣϢһ£ңһ̡ʿ˵ 
ϣӣѴӶ͸һƬɹâ콥ȫ ľ·ϣͼڶǰ·δĶϤ ıܣһֱﵽ˿ùݡ 
ţͳӰÿǱ쵽൱ʵķЪϢ 
ӣҳ±ȶܹܼҵݶһѧҺС޲ ȥһˡֻ˵һҹεӡʵǲûٶ 
Ȼһϸĵˣһע⵽ľĳ̶ֳȵɧһһص Ⱥ̸֪ʲôһԣԵýŲڸŵıֽ áּۡûУ۾ܵòԶûùݴʱ ϵղͷǽ̸ùݾҿѷ̸ʮӻ֪ôˡ 
һ졣ȳλŮͻطϢˣˣ˵ 
֪Ѫˡ 
ץ𣿡ͨæʡ 
ûСУ˵ûԳˮֳ 
̫ϧˣֲͨһ䡣 
ôѪ˭أʿʡ 
㿴ֽˣУ˵ţݸɷһűֽİĴ 㿴ձ֪Ǿٲµò 
ɷǸţ 
꣱£գϤϢһǵã£ҹ䣬ڿ һش·¹ʡ𳵣㣴ֹٺʱžȻǿŵġ 
ʧµѽԼ࿵Ű빫Աʬķ֣֤ҰһԤı ɵģ 
Ȼݵ֪ǰĲ˹ľӪ׼һŵ˵; ѡŲҰΪ 
ˣΪ׵Ľ˹ƻķͽڼǰ֪ʲô ĴǣȻͨȴһֱδץ 
ϣоҰǸЭйϢʱ汾ֳ ܼ࣡ 
ֳܼ׳ 
ʿͨУתѧң˵ 
ͼڶ˰ɣĴǿԽȻ⣬ͼ ڶ˵ʽݵȷûѽ 
ΣѳΪʵʿ룬һ ͵øıǵмƻ˵ǰɣ 
û̻شһֹлʹؽѹһ¼ǰ ԥ 
׷˺С㲻һĻҵںЩ֮ͽ 
ʿ⻰ĺ壬˵ 
Ȼǲ˵ȥҸشˡΪŮͬУ̫㣬 īص˿ϺϣȻٳ˴ȥѰʧٴԱټҲȵЩ˼ أУ 
ڷ֮ǰͨĿ 
ˮֳָ㷢ԣֻôˡ 
룬˵ǾīΣյĻ򶫺һ ·϶˼һƬңҲţǿˣȺ ͶԸˡˣҪңиõļƻǰС˵öԣ ͨѧҸ˵ǼǰҵشӰӡתͷ ϣǾͱصټԽԽԶˡ˵һ˹ӷ˲ Ƿġ 
һ˵ԭƻбȫͨˡ 
һһ㽨飬ʿͨ˵ 
˵ɣ 
͸˿Ϻţǲǿԣ²ʰɣ 𣬡ǵ¸壬ٷҲ١ҪǷ磬һʹǻī ǻҲ˿ϺˡңòᣬʱҲ޲áԭǵȵ Ϊá 
Ҳãͨشδ 
ڶ죬ж뿪ľ򡣴ȫװ׼Ӧ¹ʡСʱ󣬴 ֽŵ֡ɷԸڿҰУΪҰкãǿ ڣûѡءԣţƳֻڵС· ˡϣذһ֮ţ͹˶ߡҾī ر߾Ӫ 
شĶŮ/() Ĵ 
ڶ죬£գ糿̤ǹīƬ̵ĵһֱ 쵽޵İ˹һΡɽΪִֹûдһά ʡ˼򡣲һɭֻڷľ˵ ʧĲݳΪľϡǣĿǰΪֹһ鴦Ůأ˿ һƬߡ 
ƬӢͼϽСΪ˵ı֮塣Ӣֱذ 𵽴˵˵𽥵ƫƧĻԭϺ겻ȥɭˡǰ ˣˡˡľˣɵ߽ⱻ򣬶 ȴ׼߳ 
ѧһһ̸ŵ⡣⣬ֻһۣ ǴӢ۹ֳƶҪС壬Ҫ硣ֲҿ洦 ֻĴռ԰ˡ 
ֳڣ񶼰Ѻ˵Ұ޿Ǵˣǹɱˡ ɱˣҪѧҵ۾ݣдǵ˵޵ǡ񡱣ɱ Щ㷸ϤıֽЧֶΣǴģضǡ 
ɴ˿ɼӢ˿ǵֳҵͨɱ˵ֶʵֵģǵĲб Ҿ徵ġӡȣ𣵣ӡˣںǣ˿ʣ£ ڰĴǵûиƣ˲ǱŰˣΪƹȶɥ ȻӢҲͨ棬ֹɱ˳Եķľ˵жǹ涨һ һ˵ıӻ䣬߽º˵СĴ̸ָˡܱ ֵġȻϲδŵ֣Ƿģظɱ⣬ʱ 䡣ֻٷŵΪɣͳǧˣˣֻʣ£ ˣǱȻһϢ˵һ˹ӵء 
ѧҵһ˵ûܵʿУʹֵķȻո ˣҲ޷滤Ϊһж˽֪ʵ޿ɷϵ֤ 
ڣǰѧҽȥ˵ǻϺܶˣһ ˵ӰҲһͺĺ˿½Ҫˡ 
ǰνġûкˣǵӪżҲûС̫ ˡҰֹ֣ǻҰԽԽԽԽš һͷţһƥҲã·𲻵ƧԶȻʱС޲ȴһ ֮ǰͣסˣе 
һֻӣ 
һУһָСǶ֦ȥýˣһ ϣִܵǿϣ·ƵġѵطĺҲɣ ˵к곤һ֧һ 
ʱţͣ£һûпô£Ƕͷʧˡһ һڵţһŤһգ첲ץסĹɡָ ֱҹ⻬ҲȥֻǺóһһĶϿ СȻ󣬽ŵȾС֦辡Ӻ굽Ҷˡ 
֣ʲôأǲ˹Ǻôͼڶش ǰĴ˰ 
һûüʼΰĵѧҵĻʾɣԶһƬ Ϊ⣬ӱޣ߳ԼԶǳϵصһ˵Ӫء 
ôҵľ󰡣ʮôƤݶĲݷ˽Сѡ ѹ£ֱˣ˿ŻﹲУˣˣŮˣ ˣСõĴƤţһӡҿͨ˼Ī ƺˡǰŰɵΧ˹·˼˸ǶԵ ӡЩˣİСƤްڣȴúѬһͷҵһ 㣬첲úܳͦĺëеϻɥи ɵ˺ۡǸҲ֪ô̻ǵФѿˡ 
׷˺С˳Щ֣ɢǳԡЩ ʣͶһ㡣һ˰Щÿ͵鿴ˣΪĴ ŷţ˵˱Ǻˣֻãű˰˵ġ 
Щ֮УλŮرԸŮеŮӵĴǿò ˡȻĸһŰǣһĵķˣֻǱñ ūֻǻӾǸҡһٶν ҡһٶҲǴõս֮ϱ̫ţ еһп¶һ汧ŹѰĺӣһ汳ŴʹԵĹ ߣͬʱҪ֯õԭϡ̡ݽҪһҵʳ⡰̡ һҰݣ֮⣬Ҫ棬󣬲ߣֱ׷ȥǻҪ ȥľȥ¸õƤǺţһûϢζأֻ ӳ֮󣬳һʣµĲԵĶ 
ʱмŮˣӺܾûгԶˣùղС 
ڹ̵ĵϣһҲһ㣬˼ͷϣһֻ ֱߣǵһ׹ƲˣҲֻаĴǵſĵ 
Щ˱ÿǵһƬжˣȫΧסÿͣ˴ֲܲ ٵĿܡ˻˻˵Żͷס򷭣ͺҰһȻ תᡣǲϵ˵ŵŵһƣ˲⣺ ŵǡҡ˼ܿÿǵʲôǶ˵±ȶ ǽᣬǶЩ;ʳõĸ񱣻 
Щ˶ӵĿ濴ϵĶ۹̰ÿ£ͬʱݣ ݿܶǽġ 
Ȼ󲿷ֵİĴƽʱǲ˵ģŤʱҪǴ˳ ˣԳ˵⣬Ǿͺˡ 
ʱʿͬ⺣׷˵飬ɢ㶫ǳԡЩ̶ ˼ֱʯĳҲᱻЩжġһ飬һ ߴУ޼˿ӸιʳʱࡣǾܲͬǲ˹ ˵ҲܷδʵҲԶ 
±ȶһϤ罻ϰߵˣɢӦǴŮɢ𡣵Щ ŮȴǵЩµǰԡЩһɺ͸ Ⱥһ 
Сһ뵽ĸױҰ˷ȥʱ򣬲ɵġ· һشūԿ࣬ŰŸ ʮֲؿµ£ھǲеǺŵˮʣ 
ͨǲǾʹҰӳأǵģͨ 𣬡ڵص˶ࡣֻһСˡڴ 䣬ͷĿȨʮֿµġ 
ôЩ˲һŷʲô¿أ 
ǰѽͨش𣬡һԡ㣬Ҳһ ̣ϴζ˵µĳɼȷĴֻҪǸˣ¸ˣ Ϳڲܵء 
ǻǷ²ѽʡ 
ǵģȻܼţͨ˵ܰҹӲˡ 
Ȼͨ㻹ӳˡУ˵ 
ǵģǲ˹ҳǲڽ̵ĻᣬӳˡȻ ӳˣȻҲûڡǣһεĻţԸһū ҲԸٴڵصĻֿͷˡԸϵ۱ӸشҪð ѵĴ㣡 
ѽȻޡŸش𣬡С㣬ǵԸ׻Ǳ˵ ڴ½ϵɭܣҲȽˡ 
ʼΪϣ𣿡Ůʡ 
ʼΪϣС㣬ϣϵ۰Ҹһ죡 
Сģл괬 
̸ʱЩͻȻɧǸк˷ܣǶ ǵ·Ƶġ 
ʿĪʱǲ˹ͨʵ 
ڰĴмãһöǵĻˣ 
ֻöһ㣬ˮֻش𣬡Ϊÿ䶼ǵǣţ Щ˵˼ҿԲµΪ˸л£Ҫһս¿ 
ȻһɧΪЩûκοһʽֱӽ Ǵŭ죬װñ档ҪԤ֪ǱݣǼֱҪΪһĲ мұĴǾƾԱʱǹȻֳǵľ ˼ա 
ͷֻһЩľЩľ൱أԿҲܴ 顣һָͷÿˡüӲʯĥɣмġ ׳⸫ͷһֿµҲһõĹߣΪȿԿͷֿԿ ֦ȿˣֿʲô¾͵ʲôá 
趯ﻹһƬսԱţһ ˵һһ˾ͷʤĻӣ˿ȷеĶ ǣսҲˡ׷ʱʱǴŪٳ档СҲ 򣬲кӣŮӣرŮӣһһ ȥ𾢣͡ 
һĻϷˣӣʱͻȻеĴֶͣﶪ ȥ˽ʦվŲάƣͺͻһǼֱҪΪ һӶɻʯˡ 
仯ԭأΪʲôͻȻʯһҲأҺܿˡ 
ԭʱһȺģϰš춼ѽѽĽ ëɫģһɶĲʺ硣ΪưȺĳֹ֣ ǵսܱȴúѽǶ̶ˡ 
һץһȾɺɫĶ뿪Ļǣʼջ ԭλվŲӴľ֮ȺȥߣһҲû УȲһƬҶҲŶһʯӣֱһӰǰ 
һߵʵľ룬˾ͰŵǶƽ׳ȥǶ;׸ߣ ƽеǰȥԼĪԶûأͻȻһֱȥ ׸ߵĵطˣֳֻλص˵Ľű¡ʿѿô ˣֱǵ۾ 
ǶСȥͨ˵ 
ȥͼڶǰĴõġȥ𣿡 
˵ţͺСһܹȥʰҪľ 
ǵģһ˶ΪȥʲôأΪһֵɣһ ڿйˡʵȻ 
⡰ȥֻһӲľ׶೤мУ׺ͷġ ȥһȴԼУ֣͹һͻıԵô򵥣 š 
ԭ˼ҳ˵ġȥѽͼڶ˿ǹֶ˵һľ ͷʲôҲûСôɳȥͻȻֻص׵أѧߺ мҶͲ 
ǲһĳַ׳ȥܻصأŸʡ 
Ҳһֻãɷʿ˵ͺڵ̨ϴһ ĳһ㣬תȦ˻ 
ǣͼڶش𣬡ҲãҲãиķ ãеõ㣬̨õ㡣ȥȴûõ㣬 ѽôһıĵôأ 
ôôأͼڶ׷ʡ 
ҽͲˣҿһο϶Ȼԭһӵ ַһǡȥĹ⡣ǣӵַȴǰĴ˵  
ǵǻۡܰǱӡ׷˿У һ䣬ǲֱҡͷ 
˵ţţʱȥˡʿòӦöൢʱ䣬Ӧüǰ ҪŮϳȻһܹ˷ܵ˵˼仰 
ͨ˵ǿ˼ֻţ 
ţҪ𣿡ʿ˵ 
ǱÿͼڶеһֺܾʣҪáȥ 
ͨ 
ʱ䲻᳤ʿˮֻش 
Щû˷һʱ䣬ǸϿ첼ˡѵõĴϲѽ һֻž͹ȫԺü졣óȫļ׽ִһ ֻܵô죬ûǹôܴأûȮô׷أͼڶҪ ⳡҪȤĴ򷨡 
Ҳûмڵʳ˼˽ľпˡڰĴǵƽԭڽ ϡˡִУ׸ߣǰɫģͷһƬʵӲף۾ǵ ɫǺɫţֺצǿֻ̳ᣬܷɣ ëɫȻǷɲҲϲϡˣҪ׽ǣֻüƣ ơ 
ԣһУʮһɢˡƬɰҰϣҰ ʢѵȾһƬɫÿߵһľ߲ݵԱͣ 
߽֮ʱʮֻȵվˣӵһ֮ĵˡλ õΣ˸ƣͬ鲻Ҫڵϡִȡ úƤʱϡȻұ̧ۣͷġʳӡ 
ġµüȺȥʱͣһͣ·ʳʱýҳ ΧһƵƵžǼٵġȻϵˡȺ Ķﵽߡʱľ鳣ֻһӱˣֻ 
˵Ի˷գⳡΧҲͽˡ 
ǾʿλŮͺԱ˸ˡ 
شĶŮ/() λꡰˡ 
ڶȣֵĵطжӰضȹҹڶ糿ӣּ ·һֱ̫ĵطͦǵ㼣ƽԭϻһֱߡǵ㼣 ͡ˡ㼣ûвֻͬʿƥڳҶӡ ڵվı־ 
ƽԭʱһЩ۵ĺӱǻˮʱǣʱɺԡЩ ԴɽɴҰţɽڵƽϳʲ״ 
Ҿҹɽ¡ͨţӿŲһˣţ Եƣˡˣڰʱ˵ء֧ڴ£ҲҴ¡ƣ ʹǸе˯ȳԷҪС 
ֵѧֵࡣû˯ǹ߶ѲĶ Ȼûǹ˸ҹɫġѧյձ һŴͼ˭ö˭ζеȤ 
˯ĴȻĬĬֻϵİţľ 
ˣͼڶĻСϣ˼䡣ʱȻö ĸӻ 
ϸ֣еĽ൯ø߿ĻĶĤ 
ɽҰôǳ죬һҲš 
Ȼµȷе档ѧ룬ǲֹѧҮ λǷңٵЩѧӺĥһأ 
ǣʱִĸһټһλ֣ѧţ Żֹ¡Ȼóһ֧ǳӣǸ硶諡еһΡ 湻ֵİѧ룬ĴǴ½ϵᳪ裬ҲᳪĪ  
ﵽǷ켫Ľһꡣ֣ټҹЧ ֮ãֻܻ⣬ԴѧҾþɾһ ֹͣһָֻ˼ž 
ѷӰʱǸյ顣ǰͼڶûаһ λˮ֣׼ٰ½ˣ˰˯ˡ 
ڶ죬һȮÿǳѡʿм͵ȮӢ Ʒ֡СԱվšÿһ߽˻ȥеøˡ ĵطѵҲСˡʿ˵ȻȮ϶ˡ 
ѧҪ˵£ʱˡ 
ֻʿģűµԷһ֧һжӣͣˡ ӣ룬ôôһȫװ˳ʱλŮ˳ 
λˣժñӣŮ 
ʿҲӭȥΪ·ˣͨݡλ˾ ¾ԴĿʼ˵ 
ʿ粻뺮ϢƬ̺𣿡 
Ƕλǡʿʡ 
ޣЪɣϡǻ̹վˣܸõ ɣ곤˵ 
̫ˣʵڲҴš 
ʿϽĻЪ˵̫лˣΪǶƯߣ λܹٺᣬҲǵˡ 
ʿֻõͷӦˡ 
ѧҷˣ㲻ðζĻ쳪Īǲ 㣿 
ңЪش𣬡õɣϡ㳪̫ˣ ԵѧʿʮŵաȻЪָ ߵ·ͷ·Ҷˡһ̸ţһ·߷羰̹վȥ 
һׯ԰õúӢ԰һ롣ɫդһ޼ʵĲݵȦ һһģͷţڳԲݣ˺Ȯ֧ӵĴţ ȮԼ޲һƬ 
ȥһƬ֣Ǳ̹ɽΡΰߴס ųɶУȻ˹ĵ䡣һԴԵġʵһֵͰľ 鵣ûںͷһϸҶ֮Сһֱɹζ ΪЩŰ׻ɢŵ 
̴һ족ƬУ׺ŷĹ ƻ޻̽ҲУÿǿ˻ڹĹ ²е־棬ʹ֦֮ͷȸëаġ񡱣 ëһơһ޵ġ˿񡱡Щм䣬ǵһμ ֽβ¶쳣ϣеʥµĹ١ľ βдȥǵβʹ֦֮ʱȴ̣ϣеΪ ؽ׳ǶöɡѧҺ޲ץֻβϵһ 
Ǳ̸߱ׯһšȣͷˡ 
һľĺשʯƯӣڡĪ ۣʿʽıǽ⻷һȦ¹йʽĵŴ ǰͥɫʻûбʣƯˡĲƺ ԶһͭװµĵҹΧյͬ磬ú ڡǶͷβľŵһСúͳġ 
ңסլܿݡͳûκμ˵һũׯ ķһУڰ빫·ɽγһСС䡣סլ֮䶼װ ϵ绰ҿʱͨסլ·һƬĴУһ㳾  
һһСţˮһͨ סլߵĻ԰СţĹܼӭӡ̹վ߽ ļҾ߼ӳ˴ 
ǿ˵ʱܷḻȿǰ˸־ȡ ԵƷǰһ俪ŴӵĴãмܸ٣ϰһ ףʱڵĶСֻ̯Ż壻иϷŴʯǽϻ ŷĻ̺̺Ůͼ컨һͭ ơ⣬档һĴǵסլоȻЩƷκ˼˶ е棬һг˵˻Ͷ֮Ʈʹ ǲƵĶʹ˻ĶڿСǵֱӢ 򷨹ĸ߼һ 
͵Ĺ͸ɴ׷߽ڣ̾ľɫԭסլ һƬȵأһֱ쵽ɽ¡Ĳݵغ֣Ŀյأߵ ĸͣ᫲ƽĵƣһйһƬɽˮɽˮǻģ ̫ƫʱ仯κˣʹٷḻҲԹճɽˮƬ ĵȻһ۸ 
ʱɣѷԸʦ緹Ԥˡһӣұ㶼ϯˡƲ֮ ϸ˵Ǻ޾ԡϲõĻˣΪԼ пһμѱǳҡ 
˺֪ܿжӴеĿģǶԶԱηѰþΪж ǶԸصĶŮҲ˵һο 
شЪ˵ȻغֳУһ䵽ˡ ֤׼ȷ֪ڷλɼһϰ㱻°ȥˡ 
ˮְͨУӳڵġ 
Ÿ˵ 
Ƕλû˵еǺʧµϢ˵ 
δ˵ 
ǿش˷²֮󣬻ܵ˵Ĵ𣿡 
˲пᣬˣꡰˡش𣬡Ǿܷģº͡ ǰܶŷ˺һ𣬴δܹŰ 
Ϊ֤һ㣬ͼڶ˵ؿ̽նΨһĽһ 
ֻλ󵨵̽ռңиӢвɣ˵յ ָۣˣһǣꡣ 
УĴ־ϿǣиëˣЪҲ˵ ūĿǰڻص硣شľëһ룬 ȫϣҵشġ 
Щ֤ʵ˹ȥѧҺͰͨ˵ЩǶԵģˣ˺ϲá 
Ůϯ̸֮ŲҰˡҲ˵˴£ ⲢûǵĲǵվһˣͽԲֵġң īۺƬϣ޶ǲðġ˵Ǳ 䱸ɭϣҲԹͨĿҲˡ 
λÿͣʿʢȴֻڻ̹վһ졣⣱Сʱǵ ʱ䣬ţҲóô˻ָһˣ˵ãһĥʱĺüƻ Ҷˡ 
磬ƥ׳ԺţŮǳҲˣŴԵ ˡ˶ű׼ǹͬʱһȺȮҲڿֵؿţǰ档 
Сʱ֮ڣ̤Ƭ԰Ĵ·СƬ԰־һС ܾٵÿɽȴ塣ڿɹԵޣ˷ۼ ǲкܶǹǰġԣһǹһ죬ƽԭС С޲Уߣر˷ܣСģ һȣһǹŸչСҲͷˡ 
ⳡΧԵעǱزܺʹ 
Ǵ޵һ֣ƻ꣬͵Ĺʦ൱ ѿֻУ׳ͼڶһǹһλ˵رǿԣ ʮֿɰøƯСް˵ 
С޲Ҳɵش˲һֻһСëаȻ 㣬ƤƤһ󡣴⣬һϢС 
ǣΧ˾ĶǵĪ׷һĻˡӲԹ һȺϡĴޡܿ굽ĸ׵ĴУһһرӡԶ ھȱǰȳһһ죬Զˣװ˵һ㡣ͷӵֻ У׸ߣһ˽ͷӡ 
ŵ׷ʹȺƣȮֲҽӽǣΪзĺצʵ ڿ¡׷ǻǾƣߣҲܲˣǡͷӡת ۼ䣬ȮŵУʱӱץˡԣһȺȮһȥҲ ԶԸȺ󡣷ǿǹɣֻӵǡ 
ҲʱС޲ǹ׼ЩߵøЩ֪ һԾ𣬳 
޲һˡСŵĿɿڴʱ˭Ҳҿǹ Ϊ˺ӡ 
ǴֻðΣգγԵ󣬵һ ޲ãûˡ 
󣬽ӵһ 
ллŸСŴ˵ 
Ӧø𱣻ģҵĹ񡣡ⳡ¼εĴԻ ȺסȺȻɢˡĴΪҵսƷ ϣƵĴβ 
ֺ˵ܺ͹¶ҾڴУϸƷζֻᡣ׷ Ǹø֣Ϊ칦ЪɣƸ裬ǳ˷ҹŵ ɫάµеһЩӣֳҵ¹߸ɵ 
ɢֳ˵Ĵ衣ѧҷҪƷζһµ裬˼Ҿ͸ һڵīˮһϡһˮҶˣСʱĽͼ Ȼȵ죬ǳǾĺò衣 
ҹˣ˯ˣлŰĿֳ档 
һʿһ˸λꡰˡ˴˿һԼŷ޵ 꿼ķټ֮󣬳ֹƹɽ´סլͻӰһ㣬ʧˡˣ ·û̹վؽ硣 
磹ӣ߳վһάʡ ƬҲ֪ĵˡ 
ڶϷһϺᵲסȥ·ǰĴǵİ˹ɽɽ·һΰ ķ̣ӣǶ£ֹſеơ 
ղƣȵý㴭⻹˵᫲ƽ·棬н ѡƽԭϵɽ鲼ϡϡСԶһ㣬ʵԽԽߣ ˰˹ɽݡȻԽԽߣ׿ģΪţʮ ֳţϵÿ֨֨죬ţ۵ֱϵţ¶ͨǸ ֣ʱҲɱײײó尦̾ϵŮǵûʲôԹ ԡ 
ˮǰ濪·Ǿ·ߡＸû·ߵͲƽĵ ͺߵĽʯһ㣬ţһֻڽʯѰҺһҷ·ڲӿ Ϻš 
·൱࣬ҺΣաܵļԣѷòøͷ·ʪ ճ棬һȾݡ·ƺر𳤣Ϊϰ̫࣬ʵĻңɽ ȣɲĺ̲ƵвɡԣǵЧʲߡʱ֣Ǿɽ µĸ߱¶ˡпСƽԭƽԭϾǳɫҶӵĹľߣ ҡǵĿ໹ںأʱʿ˵˹Ѿˡ 
Ҫۿۣѧһش𣬡һ֣ͬĴǺŷ һиȰɽбţ˹ɽа˹ɽҲɽɽ Сģ͡ʵֻ˵ѧޣ벻ʣߴʻ̫ƶ ˡ 
˵˹ɽǡʡɽѧһ 𣬡߹˲ʲô 
ֻ֦Ҷ߹һɽƷɽУ˵ Լ˵ɣô˵Ҵ֦ҶأѧҲˣͲ֦ ҶˣжλŮʿ˵öԷҳҵĴ𣿡 
ˣһҲҲͼڶС˵Ϊʮȫʮˡ 
̫ʮȫʮˣҲã׷ֲһ䣬úǰһʲ ˡ 
𣿷ˣѧһش𣬡ҪǲСëͺͨһˡ ˣϣƽʱСЦЦҪǲ󣬷·ûְ𡣡 
ڶ죬£գֹ۵İͼڶ֤Ѳδˣ෴Ѹ ˡûֳɵ·Ҫңʱ굽խɽܿܡ·ͨ 
һСʱͨе֮ʣзɽ·Сùݡһ ľƵꡣ 
ôоƵꣿϰ˵ơͼڶ 
˸ָ·ߵãʿ˵ǽȥɡ 
ʿͰͨһǰһСżƵСᡱϰçһ ⡣վơءʿɣԼҲҪĹ˿͡ûй˿ʱ ʱҲԿġˡȺˡ 
ʿ˾Ƶϰ弸⡣ǲ˵Ĵ𻰣·;ķ򡣾ʿ ϰСѡǳʱ͵ؿǽһŸʾ 
һֳؾֵһͨ档ͨ˵˹һǱӣͨ׷ ˹˽÷ͽ֣ͽ𣱣 
󻵵ðʿ˵ 
ץסУˮֳش𣬡һٰƽ𣡿ɲСĿʵǼһﲻֵ ôࡣ 
ϰ壬ҿҲˣʿ˵ 
ҿҲˣˮֳ͵ 
ͨţּ·ˡ¬ŵ·ľͷȥһС бɽҿʼҪɽ·ˡ 
ɽ·¶ȴ󣬲ֻһϺͳϵ˲òСʱ̫أҪ ƣʱ̫죬Ҫڳţתʱԯ̫ղֵ ţʱѶ̫󣬲òǼƥѾƣҲһæ 
һ죬ҵڷˡ֪ƣ͹ȣµ ˣҲû 
ˮֳһȥĻ飬ûпʲôá 
һĳѪѶʿ˵ 
ˮֳش 
ɷԼøأȥˡּǰУƥ ֻòˣӥһ͡ 
Ĵǵɽߴ󣬿Ȳѡɽ·ȷĻԽɽ СʱڿɡɽǱԺ·;ͲʲôԽϰˡ 
£죬ڵɽ壬δԼסԶɽɴ 仰ݰ˹ɽɽǡˡ̹ûʲôϰһ Զǰº沨ԣˮƯ档Ǳ߾ǵƽīۺ ĳƽԭϱչɫ̺Ĳݳĵز㺬ḻïܵԭʼɭ֡ ͶֲĿǰΪֹȻǵˣδܵΪƻ ŵİ˹ɽǡ͡ԭʼķֽߡʱ̫б յĲϼѴյ޶Ŀ෴ɽһ棬ԵһƬãֻ Ӱڻζ·ɽϵҹĻر硣һᣬɽҹӰ֮С Ǵ־صķֽϣؿڰĶԱȡǷȥã ãļȫİĵ棬вһֳ˿ 
¶ɽڶһ磬ʼɽɽ·ߵÿ죬ǣ·һ ͵ıƵһʯ档ǲһСѩ飬бשô󣬴 ֱʯʯҲûôͼڶͷϱ Ҳ˺üּı飬ʱǶƤ档Ҫ벻ͷѪ ǵȱ߲ͣɡһСʱ󣬱ͣˡжбʯϻ ʪأʯﻬ 
ţƳһ·ҡҡλΣ֨֨Ƶؽţм龣 ʵ˰˹ɽ󼸸ݣһÿùɼСǰ·һ ֱͨ˹ƽԭ˹ɽƽԽӪ 
һҹ£ڶ·ˣҶ˸߲ң޲һҵĿ꣬ ͸شžֻۡе̫ƽ󺣰пҵʧ´Աǵټڼ˹ ƽԭң޼µġԣˮֳͨߴپʿ˿Ϻţ̫ƽ ذԱѰáΪ¬ŵīĴ·ͨ˼ ھˡ 
ˮֳĻƺеѧҲȰʿܴ顣Ϊδȷ ģҲ˵˴˵أ˵ͨīĴ·ˡ 
ʿԥҪУַ˼ͽˡǲ˹˵ ˰ͨ·;ϤһѰҪ׷Ѱңˮֳڲ ɡָеǺŵʧµص㡣 
ˣУĽҲе֧ͬŸǣ¸ Ҫö࣬شԽĻҰ󣬴Ҿ¸㡣 ͨ·Щʧǲ˹һۣδ˵ʲôϰ߰ѿһзڶ 
˹ƽԭƽ̹ɶ΢ебһȥϡľ߲ݡ ֽ˾ɫĵθͷĹľ޵Ļ䣻ô עСϪгѲݣˮˮȣǳͽǳ̲Ⱥ Զ˾ӣеĴ󣬱ıľ󶯻ƬеСľż ʱжԱǲû˼ԣΪǵƥԲݵƤͷ 
ңȣܡʲôҲ룬ֻǰʱͨţ ߺƬš 
絽磲㣬ǴһƬֵķβݴԡȻӰڣȴĹ͡ һһĲݱֲУ׸ߣŻϸ֦߹ Щ̶Ĵɡ£˻ǱȽġرǵѧϲɫǷ̾ û뵽Ⱥиģʱ 
ͼڶڵ֮ʱȻҡҡλΣŰһˡѵ ȣͷ𣿴Ҷȡ 
ͼڶͼڶôʿšûʲôǣûˣ ѧЦЦ˵ѽŴʳ 
ѵҲˣ 
û˵ˣصһ 
ʱʿУƥԺ޽Ѿˡ 
֣Ÿ˵ 
ѽôأУҲߴࡣ 
¹ʵķʼʹһ˲Ϊ̵ĵطҪ ƥǲܵġҪЩǾ޷ǰˡ 
ǻУ컹ûѷҲˣθصǵˣ ͷţƺҲѳΪʵһĺڳ£ͷţͣƥˡ 
ܿˣûԲУࡰˡд û˳λŮͬôأʱ¸廹У·أ ùȥ 
;ʿżǼһʣµڣ뷨ֹٷ⡣ûз βһϸ΢ëҲûСÿڶǺúõģǻԾܳ; ͡ԸµߵΪֹţҪٵˡ 
ȻұֹŪĪֿʼǰˡû˾ ţжˣ·ϣֹͣоźһҶ˯ ˡһҹڸߴǰβݴжȹûʲô鷳Ӵڲݴзȥ Ϊɺ 
£գһƽ¡ڵ¼ûٷ˿ţ £Ҳܺá׷˵ĿΪ֣Ϊ˶ˡȵȵ ҸекıҪ˾񳤰±ȶæݡʱոơΪ ҶͿƳϰǴеΰӢٻҪΰ ΪΰҲ첻ĺþѧҺȵľƶ࣬Ҳ̸࣬۹Ž ੲݡ 
һһʼͺ˳ӱȻ˳׵ġһ߹һƬߵͲƽĺ شУ·Ǽƻڰϵάϲ̫ƽ˹ŵ ӣĺӱӪãţںƽԭϣ·һǻĲݣһǳ θҰˣ߳һﱼŵ˹ŵӡҿӱޣ һ棬·ת䴦¶һƬɭ֡ͨţǲ֣˹ ŵӲ빫·ϣȻţУһֱݵᡣ 
˵ģͨϿͷ˵ 
ʲôʡ 
ţݵˡһ߳鶯ӣƾǼͷţ˿Խ Խ 
ǾӪȵ죬ٰѳɣˮֳͷ˵ 
ʿͬˡ 
ƻʱ̣ܶҹĻȽɡгˮƵ˴һ յͨһ꼴١Һܿڴ²úӪֻҪ ꣬ڴ˰عһҹ 
꣬Ūˡ԰ͨҹ˲پŰѣͷţţ һֱţϡˮְǺǣһ飬ϸϡϣʿ ǰٰܸܵмⲻ˵ԹϻţΪûбҪˡ 
ÿǼ򵥵س˵ֳԲȥҪǳԷϢ˺ ǵİˡпееڷݵϣ £¶޵ûʲô 
˯ˣյƶţҹƵ֮£Խˡҹ˾ һ˿ҲûУʱèͷӥĽСȵ͵ŷ޵ֶƸеĶ һеʮ 
쵽ӵʱУһ۾ڹƣԸ ȻһƬԼԼšһ׶ӣµĺ⣬ УΪǹҰˡ 
ȥϸһϴΪȡԭһصȻ󣬷 ֲֲİںڰԷǿȵĹߡ 
УǸ˽ˣҪȥаͼڶҲѧҲ۸һ 澰ʱˡ 
׹УŹԼֱԵӰѸ߹ أһֻþأ 
Уڵϸع۲ţ˼ںƺڵѰʲô 
ЩڸʲôأһҪŪסУԥûдð飬һڵ ǰԭϵˣ㵽ݴȥˡ 
شĶŮ/() жеڼ 
вơҹӣƷꡣ סˮпֻö㵽ţˡҶ˯̸ֻ۵ҳ£Ψ УĬĬԣš¸û꣬ⳡҲ˹ŵӵĺˮ ġϡУˮһľ͸ˡµͨ ƵƵȥˮλʱ·͸ˡ 
̫ͣû̽ͷǴ̲Ļǻˮóڵ ӳʪĵðеʪѴﵽ͵㣬ýܡ 
ʿĵǳӣѳŪǵ֮ȥ˿Ǳصĳӣϡ ճ֣ҪŪ治ףţ˵ȥҲࡣ 
ΣϿ춯֣ԽԽŸ˵ 
ǾͶְɡͨӦ˵ 
ǣʿˮ֡Ͱͨȥˣȥҹ˩õţ 
һƬĽ֡жǲľԶһãƤƺ ˣͺŷľջļڰƤһԼУ׸ߣ֦ͺͺģϡ չûһֻеѣҲûһƬҶⶣĿݹ ڶȥ˰㣬ڰĴǲʲôԭ˭Ҳ˵ ϵˣڵµȣҲûпƬӷࡣ 
ʿһߣһ߿Żɵգϸ֦ӳϣµļ ӰƵġͨܵţԲݵĵطûţӰӣʱһЩڶ ˩ģܺԶġ 
ǣҷͷȥңһ񡣰ͨŻŵشľ߲ݵ˹ ӺӰ߻ţߵĺûţشλˮֳʮֲ ðҲԳʧ顣 
һͷȥˣʿ복һԶĵطȥͻȻһͬ ʱţֱǴθݴȥݴʢһ Ⱥţ׼ 
һܹȥʱĿɿڴԭͷţƥڵϣûˣʬ ˡһȺɵؽУżڵ͡ʿðԣֻ ѷ̲סƿڴ 
ʲôˣѷʿ˵ʵԼҲе㰴Ͳסˣµ ֻðʣµһͷţһƥǣذɣԺȫӦˡҪţϡ Уͺˣ˵ôȰǿɶĳŪ˵ 
ǻȥɣ̫ˣŮһȼˡ 
ͨ⿪ţؽ⿪ĺӰ˻Сʱ ŮҲ֪ⲻҵ顣 
ͨϧǹάʱǵڶϺڵվ ˡǲ˹ˮ˵ 
ΪʲôУ 
ΪУΨжû඼ˡ 
ѽ˵ɰ 
ⲻżȻɰˣˮֳش۾Уһۡ 
Уҧҧ촽·лҪ˵ȥҵУ˵ȥס˿ڣ 򰬶ͨǱȥʱͨڼ޳ӡ 
˵ǻʲô˼ʿŸ 
˭أ괬ش𣬡УǸ˵ûݵ˵ 
У԰ͨе㻳ɡ׷˲²˵ 
ɣѧҷʣʰӡ 
ʲôأʿʵѵͨᶾţΪʲôأ һģ 
ҲҵĻˡӿʼ𣬰ͨǱֵúҳϡ׷˾˵ 
ǣȻˣУ˵Ǿ仰϶ɣһҪʸס˵ 
ǲΪˮֳǴһӵأֱڿĵѧ˵ 
ʲôСʡ 
ͼڶ˵ˣϿ첹˵Ҷ֪άʡûѽ 
ˣôŪͿˣ˭˵άʹеĻ ҲʹǸа 
ѧ˵һ仰ƴջأʵ䷴£ţ һԽԽ׷˿Ϊ˲Ըʹֽţ˴С һߡ±ȶڰͰ׼緹ء 
ðԼѺ߾źáѧҺڵ˵ 
Ҳǣʿش 
ʿĻƺ֣µ˵ġԽʹɾĵѧˡǾʿһ˵ ͺʹţǱȥˡ 
ʱͨˮ跨ϡôţţһ ƤϣѷԱƳ֣ǣŬ޼ ¡ 
ճཥˣҧס˳֣ͷ·ˮֽһ㡣 
ֵˮԼСճԣҲͽ档˺ţþһ 󣬽ƣˣòͣ¡ǰѳӵĲһһزûϣ ġȻ𳵵ĹûУҪҲû취 
ʱͨһţϳӣֱ޲ţһΡʿȴֹס 
ˣˣ˵ǽеͷˣ·һλ ŮͣһǴôġ 
Ҳãͨĵؽ۵ڡڣǣǶ оһ£һôɣʿ˵ 
һðǳ緹ָһ¾񣬱㿪ʼˡ 
ȣҪⶨһӪص׼ȷλȻǰͼڶĪϸһ £˵жγȶȣֵĵط˹ŵӰ 
¸庣׼ȷǶ٣ʿʡ 
ȡ 
Ƕȣ֣϶ٹ 
ϣ 
īأ 
٣ 
ˣλáѸǸôźã 
һţ򺣰׷˺С㱣֤ÿߣ· ʵδӡ 
ף治ΪмеӢۺܣʿԷ˵ǣǲа һ¸ͿҵҪһأ 
ʣ;úܣѧһش𡣡һʷƾõĳУ īܱͨУߣάǱ߾ϵĵռسǣڴ ʳҿҵͨߡ 
ʿ˿Ϻôأͨʡ 
¸壬ʱ𣿡 
Ÿɷʡ 
ҾòӦüŽе˿ϺŸ룬ش˵ʱ֪ͨ ˹ġ 
ǵģȻüġѧֲһ䡣 
ңҪǣ֮ǾͿԵﰬǳǡ˵ 
죡ɲҪʧԣǣ򣲣쵽ˣ㲻ˡͨ ҡͷĻ 
ߣҪ򣲣𣿡ʿʵǰά ߵ·һƬĽݡˡʲôҲûУ鲼ｨ վҪȥǵøͷ濪·ң򲻴 
ͨ˵˳¡նѧңƺͬˮֳ˵ 
ôѣ˵ٸ˿ϺŷҲٰ 
ǣҪϰ·ϣǹ˹ŵӣܻܿҪȺˮȥ ֲͨһ䡣 
ҪˮѵǾҲһǳ̲ҵͨ 𣬡ãʱڣĺˮе¡ 
˹ŵӺܿ𣿡׷ʡ 
ֿˣͨش𣬡ԼˮļõӾҲ ˵ܰȫӡ 
ǿһڣСƯȥ𣿡С޲ʲô ˵ 
УΪصĶӣͼڶ佱䡣С޲˵ò ġұ졯ֻһˡҾò˷ʱˣַ ԼĿ 
Σʿʰͨ 
ҪûæĻһºǻںӱߡôûиõİ취 ˣŸʣͨ졣 
Уֻе˿Ϻ뿪ī 
ǽе˿Ϻѵ¸壬Ǿû𣿡 
ͨδ̻شһ֧ǵ˵ҲǼҵţ ŶԴҶҪߣʱ׼ 
˵꽻Ÿ첲ҵķӦΡ 
ô˵ʿ˵㾡ᣬǿۡô죿 
ͨ򾲶ĵ˵һ 
ڼȻް취Ҳȥ˹ŵǱðգôǾӦõ˼ ǵֻ˿Ϻˡˣס˵أҺʳ㣬һ ȥ󸱰˹ţѴ¸ 
ҶͻĽ飬ʮ־ȡȻͬ⡣ 
ȥŵʱ򣬡ˮֳ˵һ˹ŵˮƼСǿҸǳ ̲ȥһҪȥҲʱľҵĽ飬λǡ 
õģȷֵúúÿһ£ʿ˵ƻëҪ ǵг̣ʹϢһЩܻᷢΣաΣ Ҳ˵˵У׷ʱ˵ôóĬˡ 
Ȼңǲ˹ش𣬡̹ϵ˵ҾðͨǸִֽ ˣȫͬĽ顣 
ûϵУΪʲôˬ죬ǰǷ԰ͨļƻͨʱҲ ое֡˶׼֧ˮֳĽģУһ˵Ȼԥ ޳ˡˣʿԭϲ˰ͨĽ顣 
ΪӦʱͣһµ˼ͽͨ𣿡ʿֲһ䡣 
ҾȽףش𣬡ǹȥӣҲȥ 
ֿͨо԰Ƶ΢Цһ¡ 
Ȼа취ͨ˵ 
ʲôӣʡ 
ֻҪص¬ŵͨī·ϲͳ𣿣 
ͽ𣿡Ÿ 
Ȼᣬһƥ·ܲ죬ټϵ˿Ϻī Ҫ죬Сʱ¸Ե˵أܼһںǾͿԵþˡ 
ǲ˹ϵصͷͬͨĻʹܲ졣ҼȻⷽ ֮ЧҲֻմ˶СĿǰ񣬡ʿ˵˭ȥʡ˲ʹ ش󣬼࣬Σա˭ϵΣ 
ѷءŸͼڶС޲ͦŸҪر Ըǰͨһֱδ˵ڿˣ 
£ҵĻһ˰ɡһܹˣ·;죬ѵ طҶܹ˹ȥĵطҲ跨ȥˣܵΡֻҪзŽ ʹңұ֤ѵ˿Ϻſ¸塣 
治ǸشĲ£һ񡣡 
Ȼִ񣬱ˮֳٺʵûˣˣҶˡ һ˵ͨܰæҵش У˵£ҪѰøܣˣʱ߿Ҳ޷ 
ôͨȥɣʿ˵ԽԽãǾõȡ 
ˮֳ¶ɫϿתͷתٿ죬Ǳ ˡˣŸˡ 
ͨ׼ˮְװʱ򣬾ʿæŸ˹дš 
󸱻ȥ¸壬Ҹߴ󸱰ͨǸɿˡа˹һ һˮǰԮ 
Уžʿдţ𰬶ֵͨʱͻȻʰͨд 
дʿش 
Ūˣǲ˹򶨵ػش𣬡ǶɰͨдȴҪд ˹ 
شĶŮ/() Ҵ 
˹һ˵ƣʱͨһ£ߣͦ ǹһʿӦءʱҲǹ 
Ÿˮסˣʱ˹ȥץ˹ǣΪʱ Ѿܵǻ˻ˡ 
ʿƲأ͵񵲲סǹȴɡ 
ţţһߺһź׷˺Сܡʱں ĳԻðȫ󣬴Уͼڶˮֶץǹ׼ ʿ޲Ҳ굽Ů͵ĳͬʱ񳤰±ȶҲӳܳ׼ʹ һ 
±䷢չѸ٣ʹ˹Ժǹֹͣ һļžֻмŰڽ֦ţһƬƬïܵθ˿ԭ һĻǻþ 
ǲ˹ŸܵϸѰһͽѾˣ ǵĽӡð̵ĵУʮֽѵزˡĿ ֮𣬿ԭ֮ơɴ˿ܴ޴Ŀ 
Щɶļһܵ𣿡ʡ 
ǵģǲ˹ش𣬡һ߽˸ġ׻˵ǹ׶㣬 ѷ˼ڰʱ⵽ϮԺҪ⾯衣 
ǲ˹ŸΧһʼδӰͽ·Ⱥ һ㣬ߵôͻȻδ̫ˣ˴δе㵨ӡţһ Ƕıݣͱ˷ģÿһ࣬һСʱһš 
׷ھʿ˹һǹ֮ʱŻˣֱ˵ɷߡһ ¸ҵĸѹϿɷϳ˳ϣ˺·¶˿ڣ ˹һУ˵ֻǵˣûǡѪܶ࣬ʿǿ̧ ĸ첲ڰ֣ʾƲ̫أǷġ˿һã̸̸ չ 
ǲ˹ȷԣеð飬ѷվ⣬š 
УδԹ֮ǰѺ׷˻֪һξ˹һǱӣ άǾܣ·Ѫȵȣһ顣УѴľ ǷݰĴձݸ׷ˣֲ˹Ǹ߷ۣĶ ֪쵱׽أ 
ǴĵУô֪ͨ˹ġһ㣬ð ˵ǸաУ½ͣ 
ͨУĵһӡͲѡʹУܵؾЩνС£ άλˮֳ˴˵ɫͨÿʱЩɣ ŴҪѵ˿Ϻŵ磬Ⱥ棻У ԣ̬Ǻģɡһмһϸ˵Ļɡ 
ȻҪҹ﷢ǳ䣬УҲֱӶ϶ͨǷͽǵͷ 
УҹƬ߸ߵС֮͵͵ǼעĿɵ ӰԡЩֲ﷢΢Ĺ⣬á 
ֻӰڲ쿴ϵĽӡţӡһǺڵվ ǡһ˵ǵģûһ˻ش𣬡Ҷӡ άӵһֱˡǵˣǶݻáθ ЧأһӵҲԸ 
˵ˣУֽǰһ·̸ ˹ܸɣ˵ѸشĹ±޷죬 ֣治Ǹˮ֣ҪⳡɹˣǾͷˣǽ˹ɣ ֶѽ˵뿪˽֡һص񣬷ȥ˯ţ Ĵǵδѧ˵Ѹа˰˵⻰ͼڶ Ҫ֣ 
У˵ˡ 
ðھ˼ԭί 
øͨʿðףԭҪңɱ ǰ 
ûУʮֿ϶Ļش 
ô˵άͬڸǣһ֣ǲǣ 
ǵģ 
ɶİͨһǲеǺϵˮˣķ֤Ҳǵ Եģ 
ý۹УҲѾǵһ㡣 
ʺͿʣȫͷǲ˹˵ʼô򶨣 ģ˵ֵǰͨν˹ΪܵڻҲɷ ϣʶشеǺϵˮ֣ܶ˵Щϸ ֪һң̸ͬҲΪ֤ǿԿ϶˹ ͨ簬ͨ˹һҲ˵еǺϵˮ˸Ż ͷĿ 
УⷬͣͬΪȷġڣʿ˵㻹Խ һ£شĲôΪʲôĴǵ𣿡 
Ĵǣҿɲ֪Уش𣬡⾯쵱Ҳһ֪ ΪʲôͲˡһҿġ 
ѵ쵱ͨ˹һҲ֪𣿡ʿʡ 
ǵģУ˵֪ش¹ʣͻҳ 
׷˵л˻Ħׯ԰һˣ 
ʣУش𣬡һǰ֣һû ᣬı˼ƻʼǵ⡣Ǽһʿһԭԭ ʧµϢý˻ᷢһʴơĴǵоԺ󣬱ǳˡ άӣͬڵվͨһֽšӴˣ ͬ˦βͨ͡ĵļһöݶǵǵ ţ󣬿ʱ죬ƭǵ˹ŵӱߣµڲǡ 
ǲ˹ƴյʵ˹ȫʷʵҲ¶Ĳˡ ڴҶǼһףԭǸ졢׼жӵ ͼѱҴʿò־衣ôһҴ˼ߵ˱һڲ ϸΣҪСЩ 
˵׻ãһ˵Ӱ졣̸۹ȥһʱ Сȴڶ˼δŸɫף棬һЦҲûУ ʮ־֪ʱСʲô 
С㣡С㣡ôˣŸæ 
ҵĺӣúõĿʲô׷˵ 
ҵĸװˣҸף˵ȥˡǣһᣬ Ҫ˵ʲôˡǾӨỨУԿʱжôĳأ׵ֱ ˻ȥ 
ͨıһҴһϣͷ׵ķһˡʵеǺ û¸崥شѹҲṳ̂ϰĴƬأ߰Ѿʿ һƭڵġ 
ļĲȷٴΰѰù; 
ҿüչĸؽܶˣҲƲ졣ʱ˭ҳϣ Ļοأ޲ڽ㻳пˡ 
ⲻȫĵļ浹ùǿʾ֭ˡǿɾĵѧҺ ԼԴ޲һȥ 
ʱʿȥߵվڵغѷߣƽԭһƬţƾ աֳƵúľһУҲýܡ Զ߸߷ˡȺķ䵽ֵĵ֦ϣֻеسԲݣһԷ ڷĴ󵨵شӹľͷһбû 
ͷǿ쳣𣿡ʿˮ֡ 
ûУ£ѷش𣬡ڴԶˡ 
Ҳ˹ܵ˹ɽȥˣؽ˵Ϊǿǵ ǻЩܵɽ׵ġ 
пܣʿش𣬡쵰ǻ֡ǺǵľҲҹ ͵ϮǡһڣǸҪӱǡҪǾ뿪Ƿ֮أߵ Ǿͺˣֻϧˮģضǵȥ·ҪľǶɺӵ ໨ǮҶں 
Ϊʲôǲ͵ȡģľأѷ˵˵ؾľ 
УѷͬѰһɲȥġ 
ʱУ͵ѧҵ˾ʿǰ۲˹ŵˮƵġڸ 겻ãˮǣˮļļľκˣšתţγ޵׵ У뵽ǲܵġ 
ǹȥˣ˵վҲǸ취ڣҪȥ ֮ͨǰҪˡ 
⻰ʲô˼ʿʡ 
˵ǵøϽԮܵ¸壬͵˵īʣһƥ °ңȥԮǣ̫Σˣʿ˵һǿ ûҴС·ڶ˹˰ء 
һ㣬ѿǵˡĿǰˡȡһڵ ʱһˣ£ΣھʿǰССҪ󣬡ѧҲ ˵ȥī޿ɷģŸȥãΪһ֮Ⱥ ֮ףȥðաҴȥɡ 
˵úܶԣͼڶǲ˹ֲΪʲôƫƫȥ 
ǰīѷͬ˵ 
Ϊһ⣳ȥʣУ˵ 
ǣʿмһȥ֪˭ ãǳǩɡͼڶǵֶдֽϡ 
£ֲдϿ˵ 
Ϊʲôأ 
˿ڻûȫϣ벻׷˵ϡǵģʿͼڶҲ ˵ǲ뿪жӵġ 
ʿָӴң߿УҲô˵ 
һѺΣղ٣ʿ˵ҲӦֵһݣܰҵһƸ أ˵ˣдְɣϣһңҿʿֻ ˡֺʹҵְһ飬Ȼǩ鵽أظ˵  
ʿ׼˵ 
ʿסصֱʾףءȻһصֻУʹվ ڡ׷֪ȥīľͳĽҲһ ʹˮʮָжΪҶ˽أ¸ҡǿ׳ܳԿͣԶ˵ δʲˣؾϰ˵㣬ƻʱ̶ֹѷ ǵΣԣҹȥϵ㽻 һ¡ϳжӵ㼣ˣû׷Ҳ á 
ѷ֮󣬾ʿ׼дŸ󸱰˹ǣڸ첲ˣܶ ֻѧҴдʱλѧδע⵽Χרע˼ Ǹļļϵַȥ룬ϣҳһµͷˣͣ ҽͣôҲ벻ͨ·ѽ⺣ˡʿͼڶдţδ ɷֻظһ飬ʱѹ 
ãд 
һ˵ţһе׼һŰֽȻǦʣʿɷ 
ķ˹ټ˿Ϻſ 
ѧд֣۾żȻϵŰĴձ AustralianandNewZealandֽ۵ģֻ¶alandʡͼڶ ͣ±ʣ·Լ顣 
ôˣͼڶ 
ͼڶ 
ʲô£ǲ˹ʡ 
ûʲôûʲô 
Ȼ󣬰ͼڶŵalandѾվ űֽҡţ·໰Ҫ˵ȴӲסˡλŮ͡С޲ ʿ㲻壬ΪʲôĪ겻λѧͻȻ󷢷Ƶģ һֽԭ¶ĵâûˡ ˵ 
ʿ 
ʿȥָʾȫ£ 
ķ˹ټ˿ϺſγߺᴩĴǶĵ  
Ĵ𣿡ͼڶǵģǰĴǣ 
һд꣬ݸʿǩɷˡ츬ʹʲݲݵǩ һ¡ſڷúڰͼڶ鼤ֻڲöŷд ͵ַ 
ī˿Ϻ 
ķ˹ 
֮󣬰ͼڶ뿪ţָֻ߱ŵǼĪ֣ 
Zealand 
д֮һ춼ƽ¡صװѾ׼ȫʵ¸ҵˮ־ лľʿʾҳϣʮҡ 
ѧһָ򶨺ͳ̬ˡ۹￴óһ׮£ ƺ¾Ĳ˵ɵأ˵ԻɣΪǲ˹һֱ 棬ԼԾ˵ôһ仰˵Ҳµģ ңʲôأ 
Ѿ̫ˣ 
һѧҿʼؽйصī;رһЩ֪ʶ ͼָ̯Ӧߵ·ߡݵϸС·ͨŵ··һֱϵ ˺֮һת䣬תī·ߵʱǧҪһİĵ Ϊͼ· 
ˣ·ټ򵥲ˣؾ·ġΣգֻӪؼ· һ˹ͬţ·ԺûʲôΣˡر֤һ ͽܺܿذԶԶģ 
ӣꡣ񵲲סֻ꣬öţţʵ οúܣУι̵úͱݽʯһ㡣У ֦ǹ֦ͣǹҩʳҲܳ㣬ֿûġ˿ϺŲԿ ¸ˡٹСʱԱҲܵ˹ŵӵһʹǲܶɹ ٣ǵõǿԮҲͲòȴˡǣһеʵֶ ÿصðճɹӣҹɫŨǶʱˡǣΪ ϶ϲ·һҲûС֮ǰƺƣ ˣȫߵϣܵƽȶýϰ 
ǲ˹ȰһͻƵΧҪϧɳٰ죬 ɰ;ϣصĿĵء 
ˮһ֦ǹװˣӵһ¸ҵˣǿ Ӿȫȥʹǿ٣Ҳ׼ȷһɨ⡣ 
ʿ׷ˡС֣ؿɷ һҪķ˹һ̲飬̿¸塣 ʱ¸ǣ˵ǻûܹɹ˹ŵӣǰԮڣȥ ɣҵĺˮ֣ϵ۱㣡 
һ꽻ӵĺҹ̤ϳΣյĵ·ޱߵĻҰҪ ˮֵ־ǿκα˶ġˮֲûж˵ЩĻֻ˵˾䣺 ٻᣡʿһʧֱߵС·ϡ 
ʱˣ֦ںڰ﷢Ŀ֨֨ʱǻ һЩ֦ʪϵЩߴľѸɿݣһֱͦţмñ εˡŭڻ죬ˮХһлһƬ ƬƱ򶫸ţֱ·һһɭɭĺڰ 꽻ӵҹĿֲ 
ߺÿֻصţڣռխСֻüһš׷ˣ С㡢ʿ͵ѧǰᣬŴصúܽ±ȶѷ޲ںἷһ顣 ǲ˹ʹվڡǱҪģΪʱ͵ϮĿԡ 
ҹλʵڱ磬ǻšΪ ڰе۾ɵԲԲģ۹͸ƬҹӰ֮Уŭţ֦ ײѣȣһƬ籩УʲôҲ 
ȻʱƬ̵ҲǼŬĿ磬ˣҪͣƵġ ֻ˹ŵھ«έԺͽﲻϵţͻȻƽϢʹҹԵø ɭֲǲ˹ŸϸĵΧĶ 
ʱһĽǵĶŸߵУǰʵ 
𣿡 
ˣ˽лҰ޽У 
ڽУش 
ţֺȻǲĽͬʱǹ ʱǱ˴˵Ҳˡԣܵӵ·վš 
ڳڵðҲ׶༪ٵĽǹʿҿߵվڵ ߡ 
ǹӺηʡ 
Ǳߣ˵ͬʱָسߵɭС· 
жԶ 
죬ҲУҡ 
ȥʿ˵ţǹҪߡȥǲ˹˵Ҳ ǡɽơƭ뿪ţ 
رǰͽô죿ʿ˵ץסУ֡ 
֪ģǲ˹侲ػش𣬼ֹʿȥðա 
뿪һȥɣŸ˵ҲȥУʮּ ˵˼Ұװ״ǵȡ ǵĺˮˣȻǲңڲ֮ˣעģ ΪǳȥģҺһҾҪʲôȡ 
ô˵ǲ˹סʿʹǶԵġǹȥĻĿ ҹҵˮеȥͶ ˵жʣµ˲ˣˡ 
Ȼʿ·ԸЩɣǹųתתȥ΢е ϸƴذ۹⴩׶༪ٵĺڰ·𿴼ԼĲ±˴ ȥЧԼ˵Ǽж˺ˮ֣ɱ ȡ֣뵽絶һ㡣Уʱֱû⣬ܲסɷ һʱ嶯ܵ˵ǹ 
ʿУ˵Ҫ侲㣬һѵҸɡҪڻ̶еĺ ˡСð鰡ңȥأ֪ںηҲ ֮·;У·أ֪Ӧ·𣿡 
У˵ִһ΢ 
ɣʿ˵ 
ǴǹǱģ빫·ԶʿʱһеƿУ С·ʱȻ϶ȡȡ ң˾УҲ˹ȥһһӰ ּСܹţš 
أˣѾˡðǰ̧ţʱŪ Ѫ 
µøˣεøˡһڵ˶ʱˡ֮󣬴 ѸÿλãذٺáУˮֵѵ·ϵѪˮˮһ δҵ˿ڣһвͱһ˿ڡ 
У̶֣ذáһ˵ҪûУǲ˹ҲҶ϶ صȫϵ۵УʺѪһһش˿ӿɫ԰ף ۾գһϢƵȷᡣǲ˹Ȱ˿ϴϴһ ޣȻٸϼɴѪֹסˣ˿б ţв£ͷض׵ø߸ߵģ׷ιˮһӹس鴤 һ£ţ۾૵˵Ż塣УѶսߣ ˵ 
ʿţ˹ 
ǲ˹ѻظһ飬ðǡصĻʲô˼أѵ ˹ǵˮ֣Ҫ־ȱôǷš 
ʿæˮֵ´ʧɫԭķ˹Ųˡһҹ ڲйȥˣҴ˿ĵص˿ڷա׷ СĵĻʿ˫ʴȵæͣûһܹ ΢չˡ 
ˣͣˡŨڿй֦·Ţúܣݵø ˡ³ˣѾݵˣˡУʿ һܵӪΧΣճѪС·ߣʼûз˹ 䵳ĺۼһֱߵզµص㣬ʬشģ һǺڵվɫ࣬Σˡ 
Ϊ˽̫ܵԶǣǲǰ˳ԭ·أ ʹ˼֮С 
ǲɸȥīʿڴ˳Ĭա 
Ƿɲɵģش𣬡ҵˮûɣ 
ŸҪ֪ܣ·ƥҲûôأ 
ߵƥʼûг֡ǴأڻҰܵأǱ ȥأҪҵͺˡ 
ʿ˵ǲٷֿˡȣҲãҲУȵ˹ŵ ˮȥ¸ɣȻ뵽Ƶİ취˿Ϻţ  
Ҳֻ·ˡѧ˵ 
ˣλǣʿ˵ǲҪ߿ˡһͽķȦ ܣΣ̫ڣԸϵ۱ǵǿˮܹӴƽ £ 
ʿĻҪ㣬ǶԵģһҪκһȥŹء ںӰĵȴֱˮȥܹɹΪֹǹ˺ӣʡı еڼزͲҵȥ¸Ľͨˡң¸ ĵ籨īֱӸ˿Ϻˡ 
ǴģֻϧڲžʿȥԮҲͲⶾ ˣⲻҵ¼ҲᷢˣǻصӪغ󣬿ðϳ΢ɢһ㣬 еؿϣþˡ 
ЩˣЩˣС޲ӭȥ˵ 
غЩ𣿡 
ǵģ׷˻ش𣬡ƼˣУҲˣΣˡ 
Уȥˣʿʵ 
ˮߡƴҪ˵Ҫȥǡ 
ʱѹҲˡ־һѣһܹ˵һ¾ ҾʿУǲ˹ӣ뾡̸ ֣Уֻš 
̸˺üӣʿŻֻУˡ 
УѸɷе⣬ߵ֧ǿýºǺһУ˿ رأˡ۾һ䵽׷˺СϣԳȵ  
ʿУʲô£УѸղŵ̸򵥵ؽ£ 
ǵλˮ뿪ӪغһֱذͼڶָʾС·ߡѸٵǰ ·úҹٶȡԼУ·ʱӭһȺˣ ˣվץǹʹӦ¡ǹСϳ ˹ϾٳԿʱΪֹǹӵδ꣬вѰһ ˤ 
ȻûлȥȴΪˡоѶȻ 仰Ƿҵˣһ˵˹ش𣬡ţ Ϻž䵽ǵˡ 
Уʿɵشһֱð亹 
Уֽ½ 
ڣǿ׷ң˹˵ұɵϵ˿Ϻţ쵽 塣ǴҾ¸롣ɷһʱɵأǸϿ쵽۲ ȥӣȥҡȻа취ϴϴôϵ ȥιˣǵõ˿Ϻţϳˡۣΰ˹ӵ ˹Ƕصܿ׷˹ŵĴ·ɱ ȥһͲˡͬʱͬҲϷȥȻȥ˹ŵˡ ȻˣԼܻȥһشֱӪ׵ĵ ȥˣǱ̧˻Ͼض˵һоУ һ䣬Ӧ¸ҵˮΪʲôҪ˵˰ɣ 
ĻڽҿˣûһʧġԭǺʿƿڴ ҵĴԱģҵĵ˿ϺŽ䵽ѽ 
ɲô˹ĿľҪֻУش𣬡Ȼ󡭡 
ôǱڷͽ֮ǰϵߣûУ˵꣬ѧҲ˵ 
ôܹ˹ŵأѷʡ 
̧ߣֻ̧Ҫа취Ǿ͵þΪܲǵͬ аװɣ 
ɸŹ˹ŵӣ취ǿеģҲðգΪͷ ͨСˣٻãԸ˵ģҲܲôˣ ܴȥ͵ôȥҲҪ 
ʿðһ֮ǰŸ˵ȥһ¸ȵЩҸ ȥɡ 
ȥŸѧӦ˵ 
ʿͬ飬Ͱͼڶ̶ǳ˹ŵȥźӰһ ֱߵ˹ǸطΪ˲Ƿ֣ںӱ߸ߴ«έ۵վ š 
λȫװ¸ҵĻ飬ɫˣûпǵӰӡҶ صȴš 
󣬽ҹˣѷ˵ǻˡͼڶʹˣ ·۵ƣ 
ҵûУʿӭȥʡ 
ҵˣһţ˵ѴϹȥˣֻǡ 
ֻʲôʿżʣԤϵ϶µĲҷ 
ǰŸնˣѧʧػش 
شĶŮ/() ǿ˹ŵ 
ڻйʱ򣬶ǻжʱ򣬾ܸűնˣ ˹ŵҪȥҪڷͽ֮ǰϵ¸СԴҲܹԹˣû õġڶ죬;ʿܵӱ߿ˮƣ뷽跨ɺӡ 
ĳˮûȥιӿȡҪĺˮ ʿŸ첲ͷ˿ 
ιȥ𣬾ʿʡ 
ŸǻǵȵȰɣʿشһץס󵨵꣬ ˮƵġ 
˵ţ߻Ӫءһֵֽ¶ȹġʿӱ ֪ٴΣҸðնɺӵİ취һӺƵģˮ һֱδǻɽţҲûôѶɡ 
죬ں׷˾ϣˮָоöˣѾΣաڣ УŶ϶һδ˵ҪʱһϢֻѪɵġ˿һãѪ ֹסˡֻҪú죬ܿḴԪġ׷һֱסǰᣬо ˼ʹеµðг̡ԣҪֻҪ跨ӣ ǰֻѷչͿˡ 
ϧһü죬ɶĺܲѱʿƢＫˡ˺ УȰҪҪһ£չЧ˹ʱҲѵϵ˿Ϻţ 𣡵˿Ϻšİδ򶫺Ͷʱ򣬵һ СʱһСʱӽʱ򣬻 
ΪŸʱҲܣÿ뵽ǿµļһĻҲе 
벻ϧһдۿ˷ǰѣѧĴһôĽƤһֻ СͧƤᣬľӼ㹹һֻɵĶɴ 
£գŸѷһ̵ֻ̫Сʹ˻Ľ ޼£СһͷˣǼˡСУ ˣǷ˾ţ֮ϺΪһ꣬ټϸɽѩڻ ˮˣ˿̺һǶ뿪Ӱ׶ûС 
£պֽͣѵ¹ȥˡУ;ʿغӰߣˣ ·ҲҲһˮȥǳ̲ӿĲΣļĺ· ɽˮ㼯ˡ 
ڣԮȵ˿Ϻŵϣֻ÷ˡ˿Ϻֻɡ˹Ѿ ˣδѿ˶Ҳ䵽ͽС 
ȻܲдŰˮϾ᳤óȥÿ죬˵Ҳ졣 Ȼ糿ѧҹ۲ˮλʼ½ˣæʿ 
ˮλ½ˣʲôãһж̫ˡʿ̾˵ 
ܲܳڴȥɣǲ˹ 
ǾͿԶɹȥŸҲ˵ 
ɹȥܾǼĴԱ𣿡 
£˵˵󸱰˹Ϊˣ֪һϸִ ܿʱһῪġ˭ұ֤˹ʱ򣬴Ѿ޺أһ Ƴһأ 
˵öԣŸԸˣǻþ¸塣ڣռֻ Уˡ 
ǵǸ򣬾Ϳҵͨˣѧ˵Ȼ󾡿 ÷ֹⳡֻķ 
ãͿʼ׼ʿ 
ǣѷֿʼæ촬ˡϴεʧ֤Ƥֿ˺ˮĳ ˣǾ˼ô׼һִεľ⹤ܷʱ䣬˵ 깤 
ʱˮλ½ˡ˹ŵԾδģˮȻļȻⲢû ϵֻҪ˳ˮбߣʵΧڿˮƣǿԴﵽ԰ġ 
ʱ֣Ұ·ᵽľϣţһɶ ʱصѾתָúܿ죬ûˡ 
磱ӣľұ߰һ֧ѷƹܣĿڷ ֹľȥͷ·ľ롣ŸվľβϣһƵ ź򡣺׷˺См䣬أʿУ͵ѧΧ סǣ׼Ȼ 
׼׵ѷʡ 
׵ˣѷôִŽش 
;Ҫģֹͷǳ 
Ÿ⿪ϵһӾ˳ˮƯȥʼģ׻ãѷһֱܹ ľǲһľСֻתôҲʱʧ ȥˡֻõȴйȥľת÷ɿ죬תۻҡŸվ ɫҰףҧأ۾ֱˮתγɵС 
ľкƽôһתģʱ˰빫· ˮͣб㲻γɣľ΢ƽЩ 
ѷǵֺͽһбˮǰˡ󣬾һ ڿ쵽ʱѷеĽͻȻ۶ϣľʧȥƽ⣬ֱȥٶ ˣֿšѷѪҲæ 
㡰򲻸ˡľں˰Сʱڵ԰һ ʯϣ˭֪һײ̫ľײɢˡ 
ڣ֧жӼһˡռػУ˵ĻҰ У͡ˡΪһ׶ǿɱ˲գ۵ɽ⣬ ˾ס 
Ҿٵ飬̳֪ԼǸ׸Ҫһ£Ȼ 󣬵 
ʿԸʧȥһɰĻ飬ϡԤҪߣ쵽ռأ 쵽ʱ˿ϺҲѿˣǳˣٳټͷʲô ϵأ 
ҲԸκѣʿ˵̧ҲҪ̧ߣ 
ôҶ֦ܿرˣ߶ʮһ˵ˮַȥ ʿǵһ̧ˣʿ̧һˣѷ̧һˣŴһˡ 
ʼУ˭֪־˲ңǱڲѰҸ شˣزƬ½ϣδƬ½Ƭ½ Ѱˡ¸ҵͬĴǶʱҲǻعֻ δҲͽˣ 
һڳĬʹжȹġÿʮӣ̧ص˾ͻһΡȵ £·Ѿ̧ۣ˸ǿ಻ԣðûһпġ 
ˣ·֮ǾڽӪˡֻдľ һʱǹֱ֮أĳԷûء칫ҹ ƫƫε磬ֳˡֵ鹵ĵطɳĮ ˼УԵĻҲûС 
ҿС޲ۼ⣬һ񳲣ʮֻ񵰡±ȶˮ죬 ϴˮһЩԷγɣյ͡ 
·ϳݣʼֲֽԡī˶ϰС ·Сģ˺Ŀȣ̵ĽѪܡȻλ¸ҵŮͲδһ ࣬岻˵ǰУҳñ 
죬ҹڲɽµݼӰϡУһֻ󣬲 Ȼ⡣ֽСص󡱣ζɽôͺ ˡһ±ȶˣȻϾޣֻðѹͷи⡣ 
գðѾƣԼ·ˡɽƹȥ֮һƬ ĻĲԭݳ羨һ㣬֣ɽӣʱøʱûգ ſһ· 
糿˾ɣΪ֮ƶɢҹʯУ ҿڿʣȵúܡҪһֱ޳޺ȵȥǻᵹڵϵġ 
ˣǿࡰ­Ρ¶ưˮһɺ ״ľ֦ϡһ˸еָֻˡ 
ԵĶҲˡڳ޶Թֲ֮ ɶѧǰͬᵽֲǲֲҶޣ Ҷ³бⶹ󣬲ʯͷһұˡۡ֡ۡɵ ƵڴΣˣҲǸֹʵúܣ±ȶ ܶ࣬Ժʳ÷ˡ 
ڶ죬ܹԼ·ˣ˿ȫϡռزˣ Ъʿı߾ϣǡǶȡ 
һ˼Сʱϸ꣬·͸ˡò׷һľ òľҽȥܱꡣѷ𿾡ɶȥʰ֦ ˣǣʰĸɲôҲ㲻ţ溬ķʣܳȼϡѧĵ ѧǰĴʱ˵顣 
ˣûţȻ˳ԣʪ·˯ˡֻи֦ϵ Цڽţ·ڼЦﲻҵѰߡ 
Ů˱Ͼ˲ͬλŮȻװӣǵһ첻һ ˡѾˣϴˡ 
Ȼ·оͷġڶ죬һͶӵ˵ռس˹ һС򣬾¸壸 
ڵռسǣǺܿ챸ýͨߡʱʿȼһϣĻ硣 ˿Ϻһ£ǣСʱ֮ڣɵ¸壬˿ϺŻоȡ 
磬úһ֮󣬱һʳ뿪򡣣ƥ׳ʳ ǰʻš 
˵˶Ǯǿӱޣͣ㡣ÿһСʱÿվͣ ӡʿʱ˿̺޲ñһֻСѸٷɵȥ 
ڶ죬̫ʱԼĺˮԤĿĵؼﵽʳƹ嵽 ߵĺҲ˹Ѵĵط 
һ֣ҼĿԶѰŵ˿ϺŵӰܲܳһ漣˿Ϻ ȥһǰڰ͢ĸ½һأˮһɫڹĺ ûһֻӰӡ 
һֿԣǾǿܷ̫󣬴ڸêˣǿ¸ڸۡ ǳȥˡ 
ԣʿʳת˵أİǳǽˡ 
Ǳ־ۿڵĹ̶źŵƲԶͣͷͣżֻ꿼ķ ûС 
ʿ͵ѧһ˳أѯ˺Ա˽Ĵڵ Ǳһûһֻ¸塣 
ǲǵ˿ϺƳʱأҲǸǰˣʿ˵ǲ Ըķ룬תͷ 
Ÿҡҡͷ֪˹ʱִġ 
ǼףҪ֪ܲŰɰɣɷ˵ 
һӺ󣬸īվϻһ籨Ȼ󣬴ʳ άùЪЪšӣʿյ籨£ 
¸尬ǳǸɷʿ 
˿Ϻű£ȥ 
վ˰· 
籨һҳֽһӾʿƮ䵽ϡ 
ʣֻɵոδѱһֻˣͽͷĿ˹ ˣ 
ĴǴ½ֹ۵ؿʼھؽˣش ѴԱټƺҲҵˣʧ˲أӵ ҾʿҲŪþƣ޲ߡλӢµѰˣ˹ԭû ڰĴǴ½ϵ˻ȴƷˡ 
شĶŮ/() еǺȻǸ 
˵ѰҸشעҪģڣŪͶ·ˣҲ þ𣿴ããĶȥһ̽Уʲô취ʵ أ˿Ϻûˣ̻عܣЩĳո˵ⷬ׳پ⵽ ʧܡʧܣе˵ģȻʿ׽Ūˣܲ ϣټ־˵ҵҲΪˡ 
С£ֻòĸףܲԸʹһ ҵĴԱȥǺ׷˰οֵο׷ˣһո ȥǿ̣һѰҸش ֹˡ˵ҸˣŸҪΪЩ 롣ʿȻӦŷޣ 
ԣС㣬ʿ˵ȥ˿ϺŵҪӢ֪ 㲻Ҫ˶ʧŸ˵ǼѳҸشܰ;ϣ һȥҲҾݣ 
С˴ԣˣмΪ 
۾ŷޡҾ쵽īڶ죬ȥīĴڡ ΪǺάʡ֮ܶ࣬ʵǲˡطһֻͣͣ ûһֻǰīϤᡢʿǵġʿҪŷֻеط طӢ֮뵺ʴ˾һ溽ߡ 
һٿǺʹ֮󣬸ɷʿ뵽Ҫź·Ϥᣬѧȴ 벻Ľ顣 
ԭȥ¸塣ֻ֪һֻǵǰ¿ģȰ ٴ뵺ʴ˾ŷޡ 
Ҷڿǡѧûоٳɣֻ˵һʵ·໨ѣ ʱ䡣Ĵǧѹˡ 
ɣ¿Ƕסŵϡ鱾һᡣ غһ 
ֻһǸشġ½ԣѧҲû ȥѰҸش 
ְ֧ͼڶĽ顣ϴ֮ǰӦȥֻɷ Уͼڶ޲ԼһһֻСӣశԶֻС ֵֻ˫ΦšרڰĴǺڰ̳̺С ̬൱Ұһ֪ûܹɷ̬ǫ͡ˮ봬ࡣ ׺ֺ֣ӣۣ촽ͣϱ һ󡣶ֻдĴˡ 
ʲô£˼װʡ 
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Ҫװ¿˶ȥ𣿡 
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죬糱ô 
͡ 
ʲôֻͣҪǳԵùߴϵĴ 
Աʳ 
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λλŮ͡ 
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Ѽװϵıóͳˡ 
𣿡 
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ҪŴһȦӣƵƤѥڼװ̤죬 ȻŸǰһվ 
ϸǮ˵ 
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ɷͷʾԡ 
ãͣŸش 
ⵥǴѣһ䡣 
УǴѡ 
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ϴ˵ǰʱ򲻹ǵǶҪ 
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شϣɷһﶼ뿪 
øϴ֣Ÿ˵ 
ҵľѧ˵ֻ۲۵ĺǣ 
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һ˵Ÿһ䣬ֻܵһ 
ɷش𣬡ֻҪŴֻҪŵ¿ȥ ¸嵽¿ֻ棬˰¿Զټˡ 
׷˺С֪ھ춼ܸˡʿ˵ûе˿ ôǲں±ȶȥʳšȻʱ±ȶ һȳȥִֻͷͰˣЩʳ˫Φûеġ 
ͬʱУҵһǮׯһ˾ʿ㵽īеļŻƱҪ ֽ͵ҩǲһЩѧҵ˰Լ˹ٳһž ͼ 
صĽܺãҪھҪˡ 
ѷɵȥÿǵĲλһϴˢȫ 𾢣߿ˡںŮʲô֡ˣƤ 
һʣµĿУɷ뵽ߴǵطȥһΡ  
ҪǼٳĵطٿһʵϣͨȷǲеǺŵˮ֣е ǺſڰĴһûģȲǾ͸ڶ Ժˣ׷Ź 
ңʹеǺŲʧ£ٵ˿Ϻ䵽Ҳ ʱйһأ 
ʿʵŸţ˫Ŀĵ졣άù˸Ǳ ƥǾ¸· 
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ŸȳϺʹԿ϶ÿһطˡ˵ЩһЩ ﱻȻһ 
еǺŵʧ£Ȼһԡ 
ڵ˿ϺţҲһ 
ȻŸȴڰһԡǶ·˼̲չĺۼȻ ¶Ӫǲأ 
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㿴ʿ˵Щˣǵ˿ϺЩĻ顭 
ǰŸѹɤӣɣûϰǶڡ 
Щ쵰ʿһ䵽һҪҵĴԱ 𣡡 
ʹʹɷࡣŴ󺣿ãŲشذǡ 
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ʿصùݡÿǶƲֵضɹϡǻ뵽ڰū½ʱϣ 뵽ڵʧ 
ڵѧңﲻ 
ϣ뵽ԼΪʲô񾭽š 
ԼҵѣҺƽʱһ 
ͼڶŸ˵һиʲôܹ 
ţʲôأѧָֻţҲǲ 
ʲô£ 
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ǵģ 
ǲһüĿŸʣҵʲô𣿡 
ûаͻزˣãֻҪ һǲģ˵úãϣĲ仰Ҫõ ˣ 
شĶŮ/() ˵ĺ 
ڶ죬£գŵĳ˿˴סСĴûа øŮͣǷҲɾ˳êˡŲϷ磬 ˡѷλԱܾ 
ȻıʾҲֻòȥˡ 
ʱλԱڴ˷ŰԶļӣͷǰ ݷּСͲ巫ӷ׵ĴͷĴ׺ͱصĴβ עǵ͡Ѽʽ 
ˣͿʻ¿ۿڡ 
ϣӣĴǺͰǸۿڵĹ̶ˡ൱󣬴ߵú ÿǹؾڲһ 
ÿ˶¡˵ɷסȥУǶһ Ÿʱװ۲ˡ޲ںšڵѧңһڽ ߴ֪࣬˵ʲô 
ʲôأ֧ȥʷ 
ʷûа½أļĽ͡ 
contincontin˵־Ǵ½continentѽ 
Щҷ󵺵ľ 
ǣ꣱£գ˹ڷַ֮󣬣գʻ һ壬価ͷһϿ֮䡣 
Ϊ֮㡱ϵ꺣ľΪ ľ㡱 
˹˼ֻСͧ½ֻľۣһЩµˡ ģɫƤݹףӲڷͷͷϲһֳִİ ë 
ŷ˺˵ĵһλƺԽõꡣڶ죬˹һֻСͧȥ ̽ûͣصʱ򣬣ֻ˵ĶľҹֻСˮֳ ϰһǹࣶˣ˱ɱʣ£ˮֳ˻ 
֮˹˼ǹ͸Ͽ쿪úڻɱ塣˹ɱ ʻ£ղڱǸףϰϵˮ뿪Ƭ ½أȡ˹롰ءΪʱġ顱ȡġ 
Ϊ޵ϲһ½ǣѧ룬 ͵һԱܻΪ½͵ĺԱˣҪ˵ ش˴벻ͨ 
˹Ժģ䣬·ֲˣһ γȣֵĵطַƬ½ءСͧ͵ˣŻһׯͳͳ չˡ 
꣱£Ŀ˴ССˣÿʹ ʵʵ 
ΰĺԱһ壬ۿ¡ 
ꣳ£˹ŴľɾȻ½Ϻ ˹˺üҹûܵ˺Һ˽ѧ˸ õĵͼ 
ìУ˵ǺƺҰıУǿԵóһۣ ǣ˵ĲпΪǱʵġǴ˺ûҪΪ˺ûһ ӢˣȫҲ֪жٴΣ˿ѧҡϣ ǳ⣬˻ʳ 
˹ȺҲ˳˵Ĳ˵սö ˣЩҰѾʹûʹʮ׼ȷЩˡ 
ֿܵǺߣʹǺӢ 
ͼڶȫʷһԽԽڡǣȫ ʷûһƬɵĵطϡ½֣continȴ ǿضס˼·ʼ벻һµĽ͡ 
£գӿѾˣڰ޺֮Ƭխ ϻûߵ֮·̡ʴϵ£ƾˮǸ㡣³ļ 첻ǴվǰأȵģˮҲѧžֻ ˡ 
ʧְʹŸòˡֻһΣһˣغ ѷŰѶѷʱ棬ƿڴֻšҪ ȥŸֹǡ 
ȻˣŸԸôĴĵģΪиɷֻ УͰͼڶһᡣǲ˹أѷ˵˼ һģֻǴʲͬ 
кôĻԼǲ˹˵͸úɵ ָֻΣߣ㲻Ըָӡ壬͸ʻֻˡ Ǹڰ¿˴֮վĴʱ; ȥ 
Ȼޣǲ˹Լش𣬡浽򲻵ʱֻĻȥ ĿǰһҲˡ 
ԼͲ𣿡ͼڶʡ 
ѣԼش𡣡һźͼûУ 
𣿡 
ġһһ̫ܵˣҪ㺽· 
һΪͼڶ˵ĴԼ·Ҫ˱򡣡 
ǣǣڿ½ʱѣΪѡ 
ϣʱѣͼڶ˵ 
˵ǲ˹ʣ㲻ڱҪʱſ¿𣿡 
ûǴĵͼͲܡʯˮ¼ףһֻʵֻҪ һϾ군ˡ 
һ군ϵֻûİ취𣿡Уʡ 
˵Щë˵ǲǣͼڶŸʡ 
ǣҵѣë˴ɱרϲ⡣˵Уʣ ش˴ĻȰ˼Ҳȥˣ 
źǿԵģͼڶ˵Ըϵ۱ԶҪ䵽Щп  
ë˵ķףҪѪϴˢɾĹ ȻϴĲܵĳ衣Եصȴŷ޴Ȼʵ ƻ 
ȶԷװηӣ˶ӭǣͼƭȡǵľ Ρ 
ٴѴͣȺŻΦˣΪ˼籩Щ Φܵص𻵡ˣڵȥѰľģ£գ뺣Զĵ һƬ֣ﶼǸߴİָиС壬ǵĴֻУ 
һ֮ĴԱɵŸͷ͹ߣһ߿һ濪 һͨС·ѡݵڸĵëͻСϣϵĲԱ ͰǶһݵ½ϣİߣ봬롣 
ǿ׳ɫ˰ˮ 
ΪֹٽûȫԽ䱸ûɴϰȥ װȫġ˵ıԻǣǽװͲɽȰջس ⵽˾ܾ 
Ӵˣ˸ڣ봬ϵĹԱദʮܡٵ½ʽ ʱȫΪͷϲ֧ëʾ羴 
ˡΦܺãϵˮëʵ޵ϵĵˮˮ 
£磲ʱСͧ׼ˡҪԤƻĴӽȥ 㡣ϴٷźᣬһԸнٺͣˮ  
С½ء 
ϣٽû 
ڶ죬ŵëͻ޵ȥװˮû⣬վɻ˻ӣ ˹ֵˮһһûеˡ 
ԭڣٽȥһˮì¾£ˣ Уֻһ˻ 
ǲҵСͧ糿ͣڴߵġ˶ϲӭˣ˰ѿ˱ ֮󣬷˸ɢˡ̣˶ųǹľǱʮһ ȫˡֻˮڣ±ǹӵӵڰ ˲ܵ 
±ʹ洬Ա֡һƬĺȰѰݵ ˾Ȼ 
ͲɽľҹûϯپӿĪȡ˽ ʩ˹ŵĴӱɳȥһһʿȥԮľǡ ǰٽĴǶ˰ 
Ͳɽǰ˵ʱڱϣԴɱһ֪磲㣬Ȼ һʿе¡ǰӭȥ֪ʵΪ˲ʹ龪̡ ֹϢ¶ǡ 
ʱռиߵءͲɽѹ߲жҪ ţȴ 
ں׷ţɱˣˮҪȥ𣬱Ͳֹˡ ǵﺣ͵ǻʱУڵϣһһʻ ʯͷˮϿǹǵ 
Ͳɽ˹ţһֻӵëͻ޵ȥһӱפڵȥ ҹԱ˱ 
ڶ죬һӱ˵˽ӣɱˡ ˮ䡣 
һйˡʣҪһ£ǷлŵģΪ ߱һֻʿĴׯСˡ ٽĴ¡ѳչԸǹǣ滹еӡӣ һľӴţһӲѪٵģ⻹һЩ· ŵǹСͧϵλºһЩõĲһѵ˳ӣ ϴøɸɾģˡ 
ռɱ˵֤ݣЩźҲˣȻһѻ˴ӡ ꣷ£գֻ뿪ʹĵ 
һ򲻽壬ϲˡڣڶʱ֤ʵ һ㡣 
˵ľģ£µɷŵָӵһֻţ һֻȥ½ĿҪɼһЩҰݡֻһȥͲˡ½ȥһ ξ;Աŵܲģɱξȥǡڵǻ½ طݱڱ棬һɱҰĲ󣬽ëȻǺüͬ ͷӣζɢضɳ̲ϣԱ߻мֻʳڽһѪȼ¼ ֮ǰǻӦһᣱֵܺű˹ͣɣָӵĲ ºȫ崬Աɱ¡ڣꣳ£գ߼ط ϤӢ˫Φ˹ţϵȺɱ˺üˮ֣Ұʬ嶼Ե ˡ 
˵ĺָɱʻҪĵطѽ 
شĶŮ/() 鹵 
۵ĺ߲ꡣ£ԿѾˣ¿ ߰絹˳ģһֱϷ磬ŵģ¡ף䵽˲ ǿÿڶһΣΦ˾ͼҵҡһΡ 
ҿǸˣҪߵÿ죬Ҳûаѷ̫ȫΦ˲ ضҪŸϣ⸱ӶӦĿĵأҪʲôӡ 
첻ϵ꣬׷˺ֻڴȻǶвʱҲ װϡ 
ŮһصҾ취ǽơͼڶ뽲¸ǲЧ áҶԹ;ɥҪɷʿˡ˴򣬶 ڼװϡֻҪһͣԶִߣ·ĬĬԵĴ ʻǳס沿¶ʹ಻顣һжеˣ 
Ÿܷ紵򣬴粽һ죬ɷߣƽʱ УرںżȻһȱʱԼ߽ʵ 
£½𣿡 
ɷҡҡͷ 
ҲüҪ뿪ֻ˫Φˣ괬˵չأڣС ʱǰӦÿ¿źŵƻˡ 
ɷشţţԶ׼ϷǱߵĵƽһ ࡣ 
½زǱߣԼŸ˵ȥ 
ΪʲôȥأԼɷش𡣡Ҳ½ѽ 
ʲôʿ 
ҵδѽҵĵ˿Ϻѽɷߺߵػش𣬡һ һϳźϵĲź񹴵һҸ㣬Լ ϣڰĴǺ֮䣡Ҳһ 
Ըϵ۱ǲҪգʿ 
ΪʲôأԼ 
ڵĴˣ˿Ϻ׷ǣôأӶ޷ ѽ 
ӣԼ 
ȻҪѽʿҲӲģһᱻȥƾЩͽڲ ģҪ֪˹ʲô¶ɵóںһҪ һѪأҪ뵽ɷѽʿҪ뵽С㣡 
Ů˰ɷԼҵѾˣʱҸеʧ ϮҵҾ÷·иʲôµĲڵȺǣ·ںԣ ǳ£ 
𣬾ʿ 
ΪԼ£ΪҰǣҲΪ㰮ǡ 
ģʿ괬˵ڲҪˣҸţ˿ ţֻΪҪ㿪 
Ÿ˵öԡһ˿Ϻž͸ŵ鹣һԺ޼խ ĺϣǺܿܵġȻ٣һ죬ֻδûг֣ҹ ¸ĵڣҹԼŸĵҲûз 
ǣһҹȴÿ¼ˡͻȻʮֿ¡ͺԱһ Ӵӳѹ߳գδ˯ۣҡҡִַͷȻ µĿ·һһſΦˡˣͬʱƫת˷ ֱϴ 
дػˮ֣ǿ¶ҹŸ޳ 취û˵Ըλ׵ĺԱ̸ǣΪȫ;ʿ뿪 塣Сʱ󣬴ˡƫǰСΪ㷫 ܡ⹤ѡ㷫ֻҪϲ㷫Ϳ԰ǰС Сˡ 
˼Ӵŵĵײ𶯵ײʯһ㡣ǱصĴǲ ͷͷˮ嵽װϣϱ߸ϵСͧ类ò Ӱˡ 
Ÿͷܴ󣬻Ĵ˸⡣ֻƴ ܿһֱ³Ϊÿ½һΣǼװϽúˮˮйܿ װաΪ˷ֹһŸøͷϰ壬ˮܾ 
ңһΣڵȴǡǿ쵽ӵʱŸ ѷվڼװ·򣬺Ȼ쳣졣ǱܵؾŸˮ˵ 
 
˴ʯģ 
٣Զɣ 
ࣴף½أ 
Ÿ̽⣬۲İĲеˮ 
ڴͷһֱδ쵽ԼվѷץˮǰΦΦ̡ ǦӴָȥֻΣǦֹͣˡ 
ֻУӢѰѷ˵ 
ߵʯˣŸǴ˵ 
ʼ磬ѶŤ·ĴϡʱΣˣֻ ѷˮþǰΦĵôŷתȥƵһߣ ֪ΪʲôҪأ 
÷紵ɣɿ۷Ÿһ溰ţһæŵתͷʹܿ ʯ 
֮һ龪ȥˡŽʯ촩УɫڣԿһӿ 봬ֻУӢԶ 
ʱŸеͷ˵¿죬໥ìܣ˵ ѾʧˡһֱΪ½ػУһƽ £˭֪½̲ͻȻǰԭĺѰߵ·ߣɶ ľŪþʧˡ 
ʵ֪ʱŸȡʩѰѴʻ̲ˡѰǲ֪ λҲڽʯȦ򶫴ţǰ󷭣ͷβÿһΣ Ŀܡ 
ȻϡһԽԽࡣڱȻת䣬л ûаˮϡһƽĴúСҪת䣬һ Ҳǵóһ²ɡ 
ȫת·紬ϣŸѷС 
ſʼӽˡһͿ˴ˮµʯңĭĭ ͷϷŰ׹⣬ֱһƬ׹ͻȻճЩͷţ·ϣ˵ ЩҾŭ 
ѷطڶϣתףҲתˡ⾪ֵһɲ ǣͻȻһʯϣΦ֧ײϣǰΦҲͲȶˡֻ һ𻵣ǲǻתأ 
ˣΪȻһˣѴ͵棬Ȼ͵һ صˤڽʯϣһҲˡ 
յĲˡÿǶܵװǺ˳ϴżװ壬ҲΣաŸ ֪ɳˡ 
ٻرա 
ʵʵ˵ˣʿŸǲģ˻᲻Ѵ ɢˣǾͲ֪ˡ 
ǻü취 
ܷСͧº𣿡 
̫ڣִ󣬶Ҳ֪ı½˵ɡ 
ʱ򣬹ͷһڼװȥĲ£һֿ֮ʼþƾ ԼŸϵǺ˻ӵġֹǲеģǸ ץʧĻǷԵõչ˾⳥أ 
ŸҲȥð鶼װʱ׼ﻵɧšЩˮ ֺȵ 
Щ쵰һܵУʮ򶨵˵һһ  
Щˮֿƣ֪ǣһ̵ˣˣŸٵ ˣֻǼ 
ϢˣҲƽˣȫˡŸ̫һȥ̽̽½ء ʲôĵط½ֻʣΨһĽͨߡϵСӡ ӺСһֻˣҪˡ 
Ÿڲϣ͸ɫҹӰȥЩʲôţ ΢Զһ㣬ֻСӽ 
Ÿţϣ¶ǰסʱŮǺĻ λ˯ˡͬĽҲ˯һ»ָ񡣴Ͼĵģ· ɳ̲Ҳ˯ˡ 
糿ӣڷˡŸ˼װšؽף߳һƬ ƣĻĴȻ̨𡣻һһһɽ ҫţɽסߣԻ̫½ؾˣԶ 
½ˣŸ 
ðǱѣװֵ߳ĺܰϾǺƻ ׶񣬱Ͼѵĵط 
ȥˣʿʡ 
֪ʿˮֶˡŸش𡣡ȥǣܰ ڴϡɷһʴȵġ 
ұˮּ䡢вա²նûǵӰӡ 
Ҳˡͼڶ˵ 
ȫܣŸشʮֵǡ 
˵֮βȥ 
һȥŸ˵ 
ѷظ׼ѻӷº˭֪ȴ粻Ӱˡ 
شĶŮ/() һƻʧ 
ԭˮֳźҹ´ϽʣµһֻСˡ޿ɻɵġ 
Ⱥ쵰ܵˣҲáŸξʿ˵ʡǲ鷳 
Ҳ룬ɷ˵ңϻô¸ҵѣŸ ϵʱˣʱˮָ֣ӡ 
λð鶼Цˡ괬ԴɨһֿۣȱȫĴΦȻ ˵Ŀǰ취գһѴϿһľ ϰѴܸĻǸõİ취ɷ˵ 
𻵵׷ʡ 
룬ˣ𺦵̫ڴͷʱΦˣǰΦ ȻЩҲܴͬﵽĿĵء 
ǻǼһ´𻵵Ĳλɣǲ˹ʵ˵ 
ɷԼæˣͷŰѻƤƶһӵ Աᴬ鴬ʱ߿ĵطӷ쿪˿ڡҿ бڶգû뺣ˮѷϿһЩߣֶһͭ Ƭѽӷ첹ˡ 
ײȥˮǳˮ׳ɣֿԼһЩ 
鴬ʱŸûǳܴܵ𻵡ܸһǶɳ ǿа취 
ѷڲ֮ףȷһ´ڸ̲ϵĲλ 
ʣҪֻʲô취Ѵ̫ƽĳǵò̫ߣȻˣ Ÿ뿿ǳͷųʱΦóһʱ䣬һ ѡʱǳʱѾˡֻù۲һˮƶԴͷΣȵ һһԡ 
ڣҶ׼ŸȽ˰Φʣµķ¾һŬ ȺͶС޲èһݵΦˣúͼϰˮ һڹˡ͡ 
Ĺêˡڴĺ棬ǷһêԱ㴬β ʱ̧ͷҪСڣͺˡڣֻǰΦϺͿվͰľΪê ĹߡêһףֻҪԵסףŸϣˡ 
췤ʼˡÿ˶μͶøͷϻϵǰΦǲΦ ǰΦ۶½ؽͷΦ̺ŸΦ̷ÿͰ ţԸϰһ֣Աݡ 
췤Ĺһ룬̫ѽӽˡŸøɷ쵼췤Լ ȥλˡ 
Ÿڹҵһ̨һǡ֪Ҫ͸ ϵԶƽߣˮӵ߲ſԲ㡣ϱп½ ðƽߵס޷㡣 
Ȼˣͱһ˹ƽͨһƽ̣װˮˮû УʰҲУƽϲŸѾ֪ľˣ Ҫγȣǣʼ˲γ 
ȣǲⶨ̫Ͼƽߵĸ߶ȣΪ֣롣ɴ ֪̫ǣ֣롣Ϊ֮Ϊȡٲóγ ȣȡˣȷŵķλǶȣγȡ 
ŸһµͼűƫϷƫ뺽һγȡ򱱺 һγȲܴﵽĶǡ 
λⶨ꣬ǣ㣱ˣվڼװϣع۲ŵĶ ǶôϣԼǴ¸˼Ǵײ ȴһûƶ 
磲ӵʱľˣêڵϣŸѷڴβϵһϸ ֮󣬱Ƿêˡ䳱ðƯھബףˮӢĵ ȥˡêס׺ܽͬȥêˮӢĵط 
Щ񣬾͵ǳˡŸʮָˣνˮּ䣬ͼڶʾ úøɣ󽫻Ϊˮֳġ 
ʱ±ȶʱ׼˷ȫ崬ԱҲΪδĹָ˾ 񣬷Ÿļ飬ΪһǳĴȷףɴĴ⡣ вףǰ 
Ϊ˼ᴬϵŸ˰Ѵ󲿷ֻӵȥˡʣµƤӡص Ρõķܺͼһɰᵽ󲿣Աѹסβͷ̳ɳӡͬʱ ͰȥȻװˮԱǿǰϸ 
Щ꣬ǰҹȫ崬Աƣ˥Աǹ۲Ʋɫ зʽַתơŸʿ𴬹ӳٵ ڶ 
Ÿ˵ҵǣȣƣˣûǲеģ⣬ƴ ںҹҲڰдУ˵죬磬Ϳһ֮ ǰΦϵĸַŷ磬ͻŸ 
ŸɺʣԼˡʿ͵ѧҲֻͬ 顣ҹúܺáֵ࣬ر𿴻ê 
Ȼϡһ磬ԽԽȫ崬Ա׼ŷ ûеڴͷװ˸ΦǰΦһƯͿʻ һպ 
ССķȥ󣬳ˮʼˡСһһعʯ ʧຣȺصǵĺϳһ㡣Ǽ޹ʱ쵽ˣ ļÿ˵飬Ҷڹȵؽţ˭Ҳ˵ڵȺ ۾ع۲ųƣֳֽĴĵؿһۡ һӣˮǵ߶ȣʱǳˮδһɲǡʱøϿ춯֣ ٳˡһסΦϡ 
ת̣Ÿе 
Ǹװתõĸܸˣƴתܸˡڽ̵ǿת ñֱêں׳Եúܽ˿һ£Ҫɹ͵ÿ죬紵øˣ𷫸 סΦˣѴơǸеδڲƺҪ 
ʱҲټӸ־Ϳ԰Ѵγɳ̲ˡ 
ףʿæ 
λŮҲðһ 
ϵĳһ¡ 
ǣԴԺ󣬽Ҳתˣֻ˫ΦǲȫŬʧܡˮ Ѿʼ½ȻǷټϳƣˣǸ 
Ȼһİ취ʧˣӦִеڶַŸǺ ԵģĿǰΨһеľǶֻǵǲ֪ľµص㣬δ ̫ûԶ̫ɵˡΪʱҲѱƬˡֻҪһη籩 ΢һ㣬ͻѴɳֱ̲ڣһھƣһƾɢɢԺҲ ûСǲɱ£ˣŸҪڴ֮ǰ½ 
ŸһľúԱ˵̨һ㹻ʵġ ̨ѳ˿ͺ㹻ʳװĺ 
ûʲô۵أ˵˾͵ִСϣ췤ɲˣֻ òֹͣˡ 
󣬺׷˺СزϢˣѧҺڼװȥ ̸ĳЩ⡣С޲Ҳû뿪¸ҵĺӾ۾ţ׼ڽ ΣΪҷΪҳ 
ѧŸܲڸ½źߵ¿ȥŸش˵ ĽͨߣѼܵ¿ 
ľУ˫ΦϵСӻɹ𣿡ͼڶʡ 
Գɹڰ캽С 
ȻЩɶļһǣȥ¿ˡ 
ˣЩȵļһ壬ʮа˾Żںιġ 
ãǻߵСӶжôЩ¹֥ʲô ʿʣãҪľϰˡ 
ҪǾͽϰͼڶ˵ 
ôߣ·ˣ 
ĻʿҲǵҲλŮ· ڱĵطСһͲͬˡǧҪΪҵСǴԽ ޣԽĴǴ½ҵһ顣ǣҲòһ飬κ¶ ð죬ǧͽ½ 
ʲôµģʿʡ 
µˣѧһش 
˾ô£װȫĽʲôأ 
Ǽ˵⣬ѧҡҡͷ˵˿µĲ䣬Ӣ ͳΣߵĶǳսʤߣȻѵ˴ȥģ 
ԭ˳˰С޲ 
Ǻ˵֣ 
ѽ׷ѽҺú£ 
Ҫ£úӣʿ˵밲οһǺӵģͼڶҵѣ Ҳ˵̫ˡ𣬾ʿ޲ԵǸˣǲӦӦ ýʵ顣 
Ϊ˶ԴȱΪ𣿡ѧϴǵ˵ȥȥ꣬һ Ӣ߿ɾ͸Ҳ̶õŪˣصڰµػ¿ֻм˵ ӢٷƤ·ġ 
˰գǲ˹˵Щסмϲѵĵط дɾ״޲˵Ǵ˶ӳأ 
Ҳ֪еĻˮݵġǣɿʿ˵ʦϴ ѷ˹ȣǲܲǵĻë˵ˣǾ ɱ˼졣ΪƷƽϢߵŭ˵ŭͻᷢй ͷϡͬʱǻΪɱ˼߾Ǹۣǣɱ ۵˳Եˣɴ˿ʵŵĳɷ٣óԵĳɷݶࡣ 
ѧ˵öԣ˵ķ쳼õ˹ϿѾһַ ˡȻ⺧˵ķеŵĳɷݣǣ֮ԳˣΪƷȱ δΪ伢òгˡʦְַϰ׶Ϊ 棬ʥˡɳ伢ǣǳ˷׵ݱ侭 
ңë˿˳Ȼˡ⣬˻Ϊ ˣȥԼ̳ꡢЩҪУ ʱȣϵȲˡ 
ѧֲɵΪ֮ԳҪڼ޵δ ҰˣŷҲй 
 
˵ķҲڹҲֻã ո˵С 
𣬰ͼڶУ˵ 
⻹дʥķдոῼ˵°ɣ ʲôˣòȥԶʱңɯŮʱɯʿǴ 硶˹ˡеǣʱ򣬲иո˽ڡΪ ˡʲô˼ʹأڽ𣿲Ǽ 
ǼŸʡ 
ǵģͼڶش𣬡Ϊĵط޺٣ûб ɳԣֻΪʳﻹг˵ļڣдԵļһ ڳ˵ļһδԣһʤ̣սܲͱʤ߲ˡ 
㿴ͼڶʿ˵˵ϰֻеȵݳţ 󣬲ܳ 
Ȼʿ 
γ˵ģǲ˹ʣԻԣ 
УʲôС޲е㾪ŵʡ 
ΪʲôأӣرԵĻԸ˳ԣ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊ˲̻ѽ 
õУѧֿˣڹãһ𣿡 
ڻͻ֮䣬ҾͲȥѡˡʵ㣬У ͼڶ˵˳⣬һ߿ٳԡǶмң⿼ Ҹ˶ԣһ뵽˼ҳԵܲڡ͵һδ˵Ķ еί 
֮ܶŸ˵Ҷ䵽ǲǣ 
شĶŮ/() Ϊֳغ 
ѧҵ޿ˣ˵ĲҲ޿ɻˡˣͽ ½ܻΣաǣŲҲᱻ˴򻵣ǸϿ뿪ɡȹֻ ԮˣҲǻ롣 
Ŀǰڴֻ·ϡҵطĴڰ¿ һ㣬Ĭ˹һ㣬֮ǳƧ ĵضΡúܣΣյúܣǸҰѡһдֻӱһ紵 ҲҪ跨߿ԽԽá 
ʲôʱʿʡ 
磱ӣŸ˵ʱˮǣǴϰġ 
ڶ죬ľˡȫ崬ԱѪ̫Сˣװزȫ˿ͺ ʳԱһܾ˵Ĵܱڲݵعߡ췤ԭȻ ֻΦˡ 
˵ɾ͸ɣ֧Φ뷫￳ˣΦһҲϵºȥ ˸һ졣Φ֮ŴϹͺͺĺһˡ 
ΦΣľĹǸҲγˡְǰΦĶϸΦһЩ ɶζʵػϵŸϸģľֻ֮ͰԱľ  
²ϣѷһòտڸӿƳɵ©׵ذ塣 ͷܵشľϹˮͣľˡңõˮľܣ ֹˮϡ 
糿ƺ˳Ÿ÷ֽмһΦˣ֧Φ ΣΦϹһƬ㷫ľ󲿰һޣԱʱݺ 
һ͵ع߱ˡӣʼװʳˡװ㹻¿ ʳҵĴʱɺͰҲ̫ˡ˾񳤶 Ϊˡ 
ʳﱻװľľ䣬ȷֲ͸ˮǹе͵ҩҲڰȫĵط ǵĶǹС 
⣬װһêֹһǳܰľ͵ߣֻںͣ ӣˮʼˣش΢С˻ںϹš 
Ԥ𣿡Ÿʡ 
ǵģѷ˵ 
ϴŸ 
Ѹٵľؿſˣľڷ볱Ƶ½ ˡ 
밶ԶֻУǸӣСʱԵľ˵ˡ Ϣһǳ߿԰˳ϰϢ䣬ǲȵڶγɡ 
ȻҶϣһγɹ 
罥ǿľ˳ʯĺͷɳ̲Ļ̺ڲнʧΪ ˱ⴥ׳ƫľĺ򣬷ǵע߶ȼви߳ļɡ 磬ຣУˡɫʣǿԿ½صˡһ ׵ĸ߷壬سߣӰһֻ죬ŲӵĺӵͷǾ ıɽͼγϡ 
ӵʱ򣬵ѧҽдҿеĽʯڸ߳ʧˡ 
һʯûʧأ׷˵ 
ѧʡ 
˵ţ׷ָǰһԶһСڵ㡣 
Ȼˣͼڶ˵Ҫסķλһˮûǿ ˣ״ 
ѷɽı߼⣬Զһ㻮ȥŸе 
ѷȫѹסľľޣƷֵǣ˰빫ˣǺڵ ڲϡ 
ŸԶ۲һ˵ǲǽʯ֪ʲôˮϡ 
ǲǴϵΦˣ׷ʡ 
ģϵĶϲƯôԶ 
һȣŸҿˣǸСӣ 
˫ΦϵС𣿡ʿʡ 
ǵģСӵ׶ˣ 
ôҰҲ˶ˣ׷˵˴ڰ̲֮䴩У 𣡡Ÿ˵ 
ԸϵۿǰɣС૵˵ 
ҾĬһСԽԽԵأھ½أԶĺϷ ģڻϵˣɵأһҲӳ 
Сӣãʿ˵ 
վľͷϣסӣײľϣǷ˵ĻڴķƯ ˹ 
ǿյ𣿡Ÿʡ 
ǵģˮֻش𣬡ǿյģ϶ѿˣǲˡ 
ѵһҲ޷𣿡У 
ǵģһѷϣֻõգŸش 
ϧСӲƵĻܰص¿ġѧҰ̾ 
ŵɣңôСӻûľȫأһײͻ ģˣʿòͣ˰ɣ 
㿴Űɣ 
ѷźǰ 
Ҫһͷľֳóˣʱ缸ȫϢˣҺ ڴľˡһ䳱ľֺˡŸһҲ ɣͣ 
׼ִˣʱ£䵽Ӣľˣף ê൱ǿ鵹Ҳˣִʩ׼ͣһʱ䡣 
½ؽǰѲԶˣɼϣǰ ŸȻҹ亽Уͱͣ糿Ϊֹ 
ˮӿͷһ˽һ˵ӿϺʿŸΪʲô ͷǰУﺣأ£һֹѧϵĻѧԻˣ괬ش Ȼͷ˶ʵδߡֻķڰڶˡһľ 嶪ںԾ֪ˣͣں治ġˣֻĵȴˡ 
ȳ˵ɣǲ˹Դ˵ 
±ȶóͣɡ˾ðǳֻʳ졣 ҳԵú㣬ŮҲˣȻ˵ʹŻּҵͷȥľ е˼ֱΪľˡʮֳÿСʱŸ˷ һӢ磬ɾΨϣľ˳ƯߡŸʮֽ ˣêˣˡ 
ҹ쵽ˣ̫ŵӰһƬʺ죬ڵƽߺ³ˡˮҫ ţ˸ţƬһȥֻһڵããԳǾ ŵĲкǳɳ̲ϣһҲ 
ӶݵĻƻ赽ҹĻγɣֻӵʱ䡣һƬبڶͱ½ ؾҹӰܻˡ 
Щ˼Сľϣǳ֣е˯ˣԺֽ ŶΣеĸһҹδۡʱһ½ǣƣ 
źĻǣִӺϴ糿ӣʱȡŸϿ첼 êɣֳ˵⣬ΪêǶɳ̫ˣľװлôҲ β 
ŸԽ˿êˡǣ ǳܰľ͵ߵĻмͲͣˡ 
ˣľ½ظȥԶǳɫĺӰڳҫ³ա ;ླྀʯرܿƹˡĿǰ粻ȣҪ뿿ƺôס 
ڣӵʱ򣬾½زһˡȦɳ̲̲ߺܶɳ̲ Ҹĵطųɡֽ˥ͣϢˡģΦˣľ ׸Ÿ˰ڣֻпǳľ͵ˡң޷ ƣĺ赲ǰӣŸľ಻ˡʱ밶 ˣͣɣûêֿ䳱ľֱϻشȥŸ ת޴롣 
˵ǣȻһײľͣסˣԭǳһ밶ֻУӢɳ̲ϡ 
λпˮľι̵ϵԱߵĽʯϡλŮɴҸ߸߾ 𣬵ϰ½Ƕûʪһ֧жͬʳǺ ˵ıˡ 
ʿһҲź¿ǰǣ糿ղ ƣľ֮󣬿ʼˣ·вͨģҵطһꡣ 
ãѷںҵһˮʴɵҶҴʳ˽ ȥǰǰˮĳɶѵĸɺΪȻ̣Ϣм ľģŻ𣬴ҿ· 
ŸԭΪÿ죬ͣҲ죬˭֪һ¾Ǽͷҵشţ ֻĵȴšûнͨڷܣֻзӲóұϾ¿ ̫Զ·ֻ̣Ҫ˲ңٸһûʲôϵ 
ϢĹУ̸ս¡Ϊ˽ⲢȷЩ ٵؾƣ֪αѪľ 
Դӣ˹˺ϿȻŷ޴ֻȴʼ Ϲûһŷ޹ռֲ̫ƽϵĵ졣һЩʿ رӢģŲӽӢ۹ļƭ˵ǩһ ţάŮҪı۹ⳤԶо²һԤ ˵ǶǵˣӴˣطǡãҪռ ǽǵū 
ڣ꣬ſȺ塣ѷ´ ˿ڿ塣ȫ񱻻ҮսÿᣬӢŮί״ 
ڣ꣱£һЩҪǴӢ⽻Աסլ￪ᣬѷ뽵 ǣ˵Ȩõ˱ӵɣӦӢˡ ܴ󡣵ЩͷԼ򵥵ͽǮջջǱ ˡӣ𣬵˿Ϻ뿪ֹʱľƣûаͼڶ֪ ģؽð 
ǰ˵¸ҵģȻ˶ʱڵòԺĵֿ ĹԳǵķܶϢľë䶼һ壬ѡһλ ǾԵķӺ𾴡ĸߴͷƽսйһ Ŵκɭڣսһ ֱδϹɣѷ첿Ķ 
Ӣ˲ѿĸҪݵ𣿡Ÿʡ 
Ȼסˣѧһش𣬡ԴӻѷʵռԺ˵ϵ ȺڵϺõĵȺŸֳ˿ڹʮʮˣ ҪҵҲڸس֡ڱĬ˹ٵȳУ ٣дϵϣкųĻ԰ɲҵɶѷп ϿϵƤ˶أпس桢ӢӶڶЩжиԵص㣬 ʹ޷ӡңЩвǼľճɵģҲ˵Ĵ䣬 ִУͷнãУд룬ֲ԰зобݣ ҽԺдţѧԺа֯оֲкϳţоԺչ ݣ׶غͰûʲô꣬ȫĹҵƷ͵˵ĹչҲ ˿չѾĻˣ 
ô˴̵ʱ򻹻Ὺչ𣿡׷˾ʡ 
Ӣ˲Ųںսأѧ˵̲ʹǿֻţһ̣ һ濪չᡣʱ˵ǹڵ· 
֮ĶˣŸʡ 
뿪ŷˣ֪ˣĴʱ ֽ϶һϢ˵ϴԺܼҡ 
ⳡսӺʱأСʡ˵һڣ꣬ սڣסǣǰëӢ˵ֳˡ ϰӽ֮סĴΪľǡ һ󻫶Сµͷи࣬ȴǿɡ ɣѷѳΪⳡսĲܱ֯ӵϣĽ £һʡɢĲͳһں¼һӵ ֯һϹ֯شͬˣĿֹ˰Ӣ Ӣֽժ𾪵ϢԴ˱ʾΪǣͬʱ˵սˮƽҲ ˣ˫ìܼˣһ 
ôδأʿʡ 
˵ˣһĬ˹УĶأӢ ǣʱ飬ˡϰӪկҹ 󣬸߶УӲռ˵ءǣһսˡ 
ëʿ𣿡Ÿʡ 
ë˿ڴ٣ҲˣУսʿ ԺǵĶһӡ 
ֿʤûУ׷˽ʡʤˣˡӢ սӢ˶ò̾ƴλսƱˣר ƲĪ첿ڴçܸм֣꣬ëһս УȻռӽεһҪҪҪһ͵ɽͷϣ ߡëǱ磬ԤԽһЩװ ˵ĴƣĪ£ԣɱڣ²ûһ ġɣѷָӣսʿӵս ʱ򣬸ŮҲ֧ʧˣǣѳһƬսУ ӿֳɸĹ¡һΣëڶɱ ˰ΧˡǼ޳Եģ޺ȵģͶɱһѪ· شȥˡ 
ӢռأϸʣǲǸýⳡսˣ 
ôأӢ˲ѵˣĵġ뿪ʱ˵ܶ ٤ͶϣǱķ֮ءִ˵ɣѷҲ Ͷⴿһɺԣʵ෴ʥսҵظ֯ؽš 
˵ⳡսɻʡͰ¿ʡչ𣿡ʿʡ 
 
ⲻҪȥĵط𣿡 
ûǵ½ĵطǸۼԶһë˵Ĺ졣 
ô׵Щ 
ҲΪŷˣرӢˣҪ 
˵ĻҲŷ޾ӡ׷˵ 
ҲϣҰκһУҲλԱСӵʿҵ ġˣǲָŷ޾ȼݡߣһվЪһ ˳ִ¿ġһϺ֧ӽߵ· 
λм𣿡С޲ʡ 
ǵģӡһλѧίԱίԱڣʱ 
ͼڶҲкͰؿˡ˹ͼһм𣿡С޲ ʡһм̽յĹ£ر˷ܡ 
мȷ˲ʿʿڡѧҵҷҰͺ͹˹ءȻǰ ðյˣվûȥĴǺͷ̽յм֪ȸߡ 
֪ǵʷ𣿡 
⻹ʣͽҵĹ²̫Ϊ̫û ֵȥ̽¡ϸϽЩﲻмңֻЩߣ ȻˣҲֻνС 
Щ˶˭أ׷Ҳ 
мѧͻάءлάأ̽ҵؿ ǸˡǶ˶ڣϰӿ˹سģҪԽزʡ ĸɽиð³ڡض̫ʿϷһƪ£ Ǵ̽յľҵĻ䣬ڣꣴ£գǵǺӷԴı ɽ£Ȼ˺Σ׸ߵɽ䣬ǰˣֻڱѩ Ӫɽתˣ죬ɽȵҵ·ʱûȡůʱ޶ԣ ·ʪǶ˸ӣɻԷӣ˺ۡҵ һ˵Ĳڲ԰Ū˼ѷһ͡ ϣ˺ߣ뺣ֻжɹȥߵӡˮֿ ҵֻƻӣǾάһ£ϴˡ 
ǣ˺ģСӲ֪ô©ˮˡϿӣ³ ӾֻץסӲš³ɭҹˣưô ꡣ³ڷе˼Сʱ󱻳嵽ߣʧȥ֪ڶ죬һ ѹһȪȥãڸͷ嶼УѾ ˡ³ְ˸ӣͬʬ塣Ժòĵë ëмҲкˡ£գص˰ɺάصӪأλ мҹˣҲˡ 
ǻˣ߰Щм˩һˣֻҪһϣȥ Ÿмôһ仰 
˵öԣŸҲ룬ʲôԹʹάҲҪͬ Ļأ˭Ҳ˵ܹ̾µίУҪӺŭԭ ӿ̽һͨ·ߡڳʱˣˡޱȵǻִй ʼ·˳ӱҲ߲ȥˡǣص˳ص㣬 ʳƷּˣҪˣֻصԭӪء ³Ժ󣬱ȥɹɺӴˣӰٵʧˡ˵ֻ Сͧǳˮߣˣڣ޽ǼߣӾҲˮ Уˡ 
Ϊʲôٶĳһ˲أ 
׷˵ 
ˣ˵ѧһش𣬡ôʱˣһֱʬ ˡСطһϢĻ˵Ǿûϣˣ ˣ 
شĶŮ/()  
£գ糿ӣʿ̵źšҹѾͣˣ ̫߲͸һơ򲢲̫ȣ·ܵˡ 
ѧóͼһ£Ϊ۵ĺߣȵ ӺӽϵĵطĴ塣С½·Գȥ ǣ˸ԱԼõĸʼŰµİǰΪ ò̫Զұܵ׼ǹעŸߵĲԭϵĶѧ Ƶĵͼͼҵ۹ŵͼעȷԡ 
һУǾһͷǵɳ̲ɳŴĹ һֻҪʯһ棬ͻһĽᾧ塣 
һЩϲںˮӾĺﱻˮŪţǼҲܡຣԲ Բͷ¡Ķڱ۾ֳһڶס޹ֺŴ 񻰶Ѻʫˣܺеʫǻǰ˵ɻᳪ 㡣ǲЩΪҪǵͺƤëǾۼںϣһںܴ ںм仹Уֻ󣬻ɫƤУףر˵ע⡣ ںɳ̲ϣͦӲĳӣҡųӲë ëһһ縵ĻӸĺӡС޲ϸĵؿЩȤĶȻʮ־  
ôЩʯˣ 
棬ֻڵŰϵʯӡ 
ʵǧȷģʲôСֵأͼڶӦ˵ 
ǵҲ̫ˣЩɲС޲˵ 
ӣǳʯͷΪƤ׳ˮװˡ ţǻصϣῴǻ³Щʯͷ 
Ȼһ򺣱㹻֮󣬾ʹǱŰȥ굽 ˮȥˡǾʿ˷ѱʱȺٿʯˡߴǰ ͼڶֻôź뿪 
ӣͣѩҵĽ³緹Щʯݺżţ·Ŵ ˣϹŷвں֧ĴʯһƬ̲ܿдºˣ ֵ˺Сζáǣ±ȶľļӹ̿˳ԣһǶԵ ɿڡ 
Ъ֮غİǰˡڳΰʯͱϣǿຣо гŸӴ̴ʯһ磴ӣˣ ·ˣ࣬ҲƣŮҪߵϡʱ·ת˷ƹǼ ɽɽţˡ 
Ƭĵƺһ޼ʵĴԭƽ̹·ƺߣ˱Եش ʧˡݵصľͷһƬС׻ԣмŸߴķβݡ ҪСпһ·ѡϣӣǴɽɽ ȥˣǾ͵Ӫ 
ҹȻܷɾ裬Ǻǹʵվڡֱ̫Ϊֹҹһ Ҳûе㡣ϻʨӣܣûκޣг˵ˣ Ǽֱֻŵĺڰ߻˻𷴻ǳ֮ҹȥֻֻ󵨵 ҰимֻɳӬСķ˺ܡ 
ڶ죬ѧһͱǰĶˡµطô־ˡ µë˲δ֣ҲûŹԴʮ⣬ ʿ 
룬Ըɷ˵ɵɢ˳ˣʲô鷳ġ ҹƿߵĵط˰¿·˵ĻͲ ˡ 
㴦жԶʿʡ 
ߵ·̲ࡣ 
ǣǵ·ߵ̫ˡ 
Ժ󲻻ˣӱߣ·Щ 
Ƕɡ 
Сʱг̣ԲСطڴĴֿ·֮ǰ ֻеÿ͡Щ෱ķβݺëһǿغŹǣӽ 磬ǵӱߣغӰ򱱣ûʲôϰˡ 
һƬʤġ羰Сݺᣬˮڹľлõ ţֲѧҺ˵ĵ飬ѷˣֲǱ ġ಻࣬ɫʱȽϵһֲＸûУࡢ̱ɡȴʮ ʢ 
еĵϣϡϡһЩпɫġޡ ŵֱ֦ܼͦ޺أһֽľİӺŷ İ޼ЩɶֶķβݰΧסˡ 
֦м䣬ڹľ棬ĵǷţšһֽ ëһһֻһ󣬽СϹˡغɫë ɫرޡ 
ǲ˹С޲ȻоʱҲԣֻ񼦳ǵսƷ ±ȶһߣһ߰ëͣᵢ·̡ 
ڵѧ˵ѹð̰ںҰζӪֵ׽һ ֻزͻȻһֽСͻ¡ϰúܣʱ ЦרҡΪǲϳЦʱֽ˾족Ϊĺëһ ӷװ 
֡ͻ񡯣ͼڶǲ˹˵쳤رʣֵ÷ɲˣ ԼƶǣѶе֬ĳԼء̫ˣ 
Ϊ̫ˣղŽĻһҲţǲ˹˵ 
ѧҺ޲׽һֻ񣬰ǰѪܵ˺۸ҲŵУ ϧ첻 
ǣȴ˵һһֹֹСάѧҽ ҡûгûβͣÿֻĸֺĳһİë ͷһ㣬ʮءʲôԣӼӡ桢桢ѣԡΪ ӱ˺è׷ܵƧˡֲε ͿЦĶмҵע⡣ڰ˹źɫպ̽յʱ ѧԺһֻȥ걾ǾȻس꣬ȴ ʼûеõһֻġά 
ͼڶãȻҰֻάס͵趯԰ Ϲšſˡͼڶ 
ӣúһĺʤġ 
ʱ֧жھӵӰߡط̣û еĺۼˮڲݴлɳ̲ʡ˿һֱӹȵǴСɽСɽ ι״Ӱʵ·ޣںˮǰڵЩ޲ ֱ࣬˵һȺͻȻ˻ʯЩߵͲƽɽͣͿ֪һ Ƭɽҵʹ졣ϱǻɽ緢γɡڣػอﱼ ţʹ𶯡ʱӻɽںͼЪķȪð磴ʱ ˳ˣ·ˣӻϴˣϰ¿·ˣ ҼƻӪﵽǣɣһͨʳڻͰ ֮䣬һΣ㼫ˡ 
ˣʿ˵ǽ¶һΡ 
ԸһΣѧ˵ 
Ҫͺˡ¶ӪʵһĿ顣 
ͼڶûǴĻӻϵĵطһ䣬Ҹùݣ Ϣһҹ𣿡Ÿʡ 
ǵģиĴ壬ë˵ִӣջСƵҲҵֻ һЩסéӰˡǲҹҪСĵرܿŶԡ 
ôëˣͼڶʿ˵ 
װľʿë˻ŵáë˺Ӣ˹ϵţ ˣֻץҿɲԸʢˣҾǻʵЩܿ Ĵ壬ͷΪһ³ͿԷĴ󵨵Ϣָ; ƣˡ 
Һ޳ɰͼڶ׷Ը¶һҹҲԸȥηð աСҪ;ͣЪǼغӰȥ 
Сʱ󣬻ƻ˴أ̫ߵĵƽϳȥ֮ǰƲȻ ĻᣬĹâңԶɽ屻ϦĹȾһƬɫ·Ƕ һҴҵľ 
ʿһ˼ӽ˽Ų֪γشƻǶ̴ٵģҹܿҪ ٣Ҫ֮ǰϵӻϵĵطʱһƬŨ·ѱ ˡ 
ӾȻӰɱΣãˮߴĿĵѽӽ ˡʱжӵӻϴȻⲻоεĺ 
ӽڵˣѧҽе¿·Ұϡ 
ǽҹڴӪɣУ˵ǰƬӰƬ֣ڱ ĺõطǳϢɣ 
ֻбɺ͸ˣҪƮȻƮȻȥˣ Ƭ˼ҿǣѧ˵ 
ҵСУ˰ͼڶĻĵس·;棬 ƣúܣһ硣 
شĶŮ/() 롰йħ֮ 
ڶʱ򣬽һƬŨб͵ˮᣬˮ һơã̫ܿɢˡӰľɫŨ¶ ڳгֳٻӰ 
һİ뵺֮䣬泤ľԶ⣬ڻĵطʧ 
ˮļںӽ֮ǰķ֮һĵط͵סӽˮ ȥ·ǿ򾲵ĽˮƷ˲ĺˮƽƽȵϴ̫ƽ  
һֻӽϣֻ׳׿ͷ߸ ˹Ľͨһһáϣᡱڳģһɵ βݡֻѴˮϷһ㣬βһˣһֻŴ  
ǸˣԼУ꣬أ֫ͻֽǿ͹ ŴƵĶͷݺݵ۹⣬࣬ʮֿ¡ 
һëλܸߣϸ֪ܵһ㡣 ɫߴӥӵ𣬷ֱƹǶŻۿڶͷϽ Ȼ쵽ŨܵͷʧˡǳŰ°ͶڹĲɫ ͼͼµ໥ţһֱ쵽ͦͦظΪֹ 
ֽ̻Сī̡һٵ߱־ֻвμӹսʿ ȨֹٵĻƣūƽûʸ̵ġϳŶ ͼֻҪһƵʺ;ϸ̶ȣ֪ǵݡЩʹ ī̡֮ࡣλԽߵˣϵԽ̵ص 
˵ɾִ̻ķܹȤĹ¡ذ֡ī ̡ȳŷҴԺաֱֻ־֮һ㲻ͬ ˡŷ˵ֻܱͨĹѫϮþͺޱˣ ˵īǸ˵ǣ˭ȨֻռǱֹǷ䣬 ޼ðϮĿܡ 
⣬ʾ˵⣬һʵ;ʹƤӺ񣬵 ı仯óҧ 
ڼСλëĻô̵̻ļѴ̹ ˡԳ̬ 
һ֯ɵĿϻ׺ŹƤΧһȹȹϻ սȾϵѪϹĶ϶żءľȦľ һʥʯӨϻһ֧Ӣĳǹһڡʿ ʿͷ֣ɫ 
߻Уλϵ͵սʿ׺ݣмڲǰܹ ˣŸĴ£һҲǽű߻ſţֻ񹷡ǰ λˮַ·ūͣػСϵٶȺܿ졣 
ֻСϣУŷ޷²ؼһ飬ű˩סãǾ ʿһˡ 
ԭҹðǾʹӪˡҹ˯бץС δŰҲֿΪֿҲãҩȫС һֿԼ 
˽ҲӢģһǾ͵֪ǲбܽʮа ţӽˡĲ´󲿷ֱӢڣɱˣ׼ ؽļʿȥɣѷʦ׼սλëһʮֿµ ֣Сйħｲǡе֫ˡͣһĵ˵ ûлϣˡ֣Ӣ֪ܶҪ׽  
֮õİ¿ǰˣֲҵرðǶôصĴ ȻʿɫݲȣÿͷʱװµӡԼ ΪɷжӵĶӳӦΪһҪʱӦõһȥ ڽ̵ӰΪʥľٶܻжϵ۳ֹġ; أδڹǿҰĵط 
ðͬûйʿ˿Ժȣֱ ǴͷǰװһְͦںӣЩδȻ һ˵Ҳкǿġ˭Գź¸Ӯñ˵أǾͻ ˭ʿ֪ʹðԼһЩνŰ 
Щ˱Ͳ˵뿪ӪصڣǱ˴˼û˵ϼ仰ʿ ֣׼ǡ 
ſйħúη˵ 
Ǵȥ 
йħسһۣش 
ô죿ʿʡ 
۾һ㷢Ź⣬ôֱش𣺡ǱߵҪ㣬Ǿ ȥǾɱǡ 
ʿ˵׾Ͳټȥˡ϶أë˵Ҳ䵽Ӣеģ Խķʽǡ 
ˣðǻлĿܣδȫ 
СڽϷɿλšѧҵȻǲ÷Ѵ֮ ë˾ͻǵӢ˵ķأռ˸ˡˣȻͷŵ ͼĿѭӽһʡƽԭ͹ȵء׷˺СеĿ ţ;ʿ˵ŻҲĵĽ 
֮ëԴԺͺ͵¹˶ӣ˹˶ 觺һܳűءĲ䶼ԽΪ Ӳ䡣һӵ壬κ˶ûʹڣ ׷ֿߵ֡ 
ûбйֻбֻնˡʹиѴ󵨵ð ռʥĽˮðգҲǼżȻ顣ӽƺ˽ Ƶġ 
ѧ֪˶εĳ羴ڿйħ˾ εأ޷²⡣Ȼʿ̸Уˡ֣ ע⡣ 
鿴һµͼ֪һĺλڱ¿ʡ϶˵ ɽشӽ˺ 
ˮڵڣƣ 
ѧ÷Ÿһ´١Ÿ˵ԼÿСʱ 
ôѧ˵ֻнԼʱ䡣 
ҪӢ˵ķأʿʡ˭֪أͼڶش𣬡 ս˵ӵʡˣܿӢӾɽغפţΪ Ƕλ 
Ըˣ׷˵ 
ʿһ뵽İ޺С㱻͵һ̵򣬶һƾ˵İڲ оѹǣйħע˸УĮĵ  
Ĺʾڻΰ빫ĵطСӹʾǰȴûͣϳ ֻСûʲôֻˡé˴Զ֧飬ˡ ߵ׻ģûһӰֻͬˮĴشһʱһ ֻװ͡ųܣһֺڳ򣬰׶Ƥɫˮʱɫ ͻáͰë졢ڽŵ׳ġͻáеؿ˵Сɹб Ľˮ൱ȵĵطë˽աʳ㣬 ȺԵˮζšڽðһСϣ죬յ ųױЩСǰȤûκ˴ ǣΪľⳡսУѾӵӣˡ 
ӽһΣܿƽԭƽʡߵƾԸ Ͳƽ꣬ǸɽȵأխСˡ㴦Զ ĵطߣͼڶͼϱмǸ߰йħվ֮ͣ˰ ðʳøǳԡıʿԼūͣԼʳ ķβݸѧҰַβݽʳާСǡ һеǲϰ߳ʳ²ǳԵĸ˿ ǵȤ 
ӵʱ;ˮҰļɽһŻٻıݣǲɽ һЩͱϻһЩĳǱЩǵëеĹʦƾ ķ£ǼֱҪ˵һЩӴӥѡ 
Ϧ£ʱСһӰ϶ɶ׵ĸʯһˮеĻɽ ʯΪӽԴڻɽشԣЩʯҲ漱˳ؽ ǡӰмӪз²˴а֣Ůûа ʿһ˱ѺӪģӪǰһ𣬹һԽϡ 
ûиð˵Ҫȥ²֮ǰʿʹָֹɵİ ǾڳܱӪʱĵߡ 
ԴӾʿͿйħ̸˻Ժ󣬴Ҿ취סȵİ취 ȥԼ²ϣȽϴΪİĵطܣ Լֶ޷ð̫ˡȻҲᷢ⡢¹ӻ谭 ˽ĽУֿԱϾ󡣷򣬣޴˶Ըװ ȫˣԻʤġʵʿƲǶԵġйħһҪ챻² ˣر 
ڶ죬οȥٶȱǰˡӣڲǺӿͣһ £ǴҰƽԭ۵е֧ 
ںӿڣһֻС˳šĴսʿǱ˴˴ к˵˾䣺ա÷˵̫̫ƽƽصˡţ ֻСǰЩҲǲбܽ·òճѪе ڻѪǳĬԵˡǴδеν飬˿ Щŷ޷²ǡ 
磬ɼɽɽͷ߳ˣӹȿʼСˡҵĽˮɽ Ͽٺܼһ˻һ߻һ߳裬ͽӦţǵĸ ѩ׵ͷϷɱȥ֮ÿһӢ·͹һ䣬 ˮѱƽˣǰʡ 
йħѴͣɽ£ɽԷֱ䵽խĺӰϣγ һűڶҡУˣҲǳ˴Źҹѵ ȼšһͿйħλȵص߹ӵһ£е к˵ǰѷ²Ӫģܼš 
ڶ糿ϣӽ֧СԼУ սʿǳӢʿĿͷǰ׼ɽȥġʱһ ǱһСһ˸߳ë˵صİ 
Ͱ 
٤ڡ 
ǺëڶսĹ裬˵ĸɽĻ ʱǶصһĴţ֧׳ս衣 ˮǻøˡС˷ɱ 
һĺУһصЩ²磴ӵʱ СµһխСسŽеСС֮࣬ ˾̾׷;Уرܷ·ӣ˭̤Ͻ ̵̲ͻûġ 
ԭνˮԴڵķȪЩȪһ̽ռǵľ档Ѱ ȾʺɫһƬҲҵгŴ̱ǵζ﷢ ֳζͺðúϰΪ²ȴʵܡ ǵıŲζ۾ȴܲⷬ澰 
ǼֻСšŨŨʣڽγһ ķȪеðŴŴŵеһһˮβ룬 ˹ڴ˲õȪٲǼֱΪлеʦصЩȪˮʹ ǻֹ䡣ˮڿлһƬ̫·ɫĺ⡣ 
֮صľۣʹйءڻɽƵػڲ ϵȼգ˺ˮڲͣطڡﲻԶ³Ǳߣ棬 ȪǺˮٲ˵ǰм󵨵м ̽չķȪˮںʵ̫ˡĿǰм޺߳ ɽΪйǲйģˣúɽ Ҳ·ֻڴ˷йˡ 
˵ļֻСУﳤдţһ̺Ȼɢˣ һµĿŸеһˬˮ߹ˡ 
֮ǰʹػֹϣͰʿˣ ˣ๫·ˡϣ԰ǰĹӪ 
ڶ죬ѧҰͼڶ˵ͼ֪Ұĸɽаɽ ס 
磬Сһתϣʻ˵һéӣﶥ Ʈһ鲼˶¾ǵĹ졣 
شĶŮ/() ë˲ 
ʷǰڵĵһƬɽмһЩ¡ˣγһ ɲĴӡɽϵȪˮУֽĵ صĺǣףǣ׵ĸɽšǸ߸ߵ ͱڣԶԶмɽ壬嶥ϳСһƬĺƽԭ֦ ݺӴĹľһССϵ׺ĸʯһƬɭ֣ɭ ǱһЩԲ׶εĻɽͷһжƬˮ׳ϱںХķ ̫ƽϵ쫷硣 
ƬһķˮȼŵĻ磬汻ػյụ̀ϵ طؿǹѣͿձһ϶ڵȻ ڣͬ޻ɽҵ·ĻƬԭȻ䵽һ ¯ 
Ӻȥͬ޻ɽСɽͷУɽƺͻ 棬ͷװεëһ൱۸ӵɽϵšɽ棬һ ƽԭϵ³壬嶥ʧڣ׵ʽ· ͨԲ׶λɽҲ̽ǻɽڵܡͬ޻ɽͬˣ Ƚȥбάѷĺ֧Ⱥ󣳴ˡ 
ҪһֻһַΧУѧĵѧһðǽйЩɽ ˵һὲͬɽɻɽǰǽڣǺѣദ ǣһΪһŮˣ߳˼ܡʱͬ޺лɽһ ڴƢִɻɻ޵ݣӹ ˣ;Сɽͷһֱӵ¼ŵӴ˸Ϊ ɽ 
ȻѧҴʱûȤ£ǽˣðҲû˼ ӡѱֻĬĬŵĶ 
ëʻӽһСӣӷ·ӽһ© ƹһᵣźɳ̲ںΣ׵֥٤ɽԵĽͣס ˡһƬ̲ݣ˶˻˵ıϡ õֲǱĻϵȵԴľһֽʣԴ򽬷۵ ;ҶӸɰʵĿԵֽãɵĿޣ˺˵ĿԴӣ ֳ֯άԱɱ졢¡ϯӻ鲼鲼Ⱦɺ ɫɫԸ߹ë· 
ֱĸ̲ݣϱϣ洦ɼǺߡ߻ߡ ²ƬҰĸ̲дСǵĻغɫЩ״ ҶӴеҶܵγһƬ֡ɰС Ǹ̵ˣǶڵزۣȺɶӵطţ˱Żĵ֭ 
һȺѼںˮʳЩѼëɫмŻɫĻƣ ԭҰģǼˡ 
Լķ֮һ·̣ǰһǱ޽һ͵ϣƾ նë˵ĳկ²Ѻ˴ֽŲûаͨկС·ล ïܵԣгųҶӺͺɫġտݱ˽С ۵Ĺʵŷ޵ǧ꽶пԵɫȾϵġ͡ŽĴ 롢ɫԲȵԼźڵ߽ʱˡ 
ʿ׷˺ðһ֮ڵ˳Ǳڲǵǽһ ̵դУ֮ߡһһľ׮һȦǽ涼ǹۣ ھڳˡڳǵƽ̹ëʽĽͣеú Ĳ 
²ǽڳǣľ׮ϹкܶãëȻ׷˺С תȥǲǵСʵڲ̿Щö˵սƷз ͷ­ڵ˵ӣѳսʤߵľˡ 
йħĸλڳǱһЩªéм䡣ںһ¶㳡 ϰõġķݵǽľ׮֦ģǽŸ̲ ϯȡůĸڲܴԼУƽףһѾ㹻ˡ 
泯Ͽ˸ȱڣһĲӣǰƶǷšݶ סլķܡøͼλװţǽϣ ִνӭǽصĻ﹩ͣľޣ ƵƣһƬǳëܹɽ֮֡ 
ڰƽ߳棵֡һŰһ«ϯ«ϯָ һųҶӱɵĵӡмиʯ¯иȱڣ ̴ѡΪֻеŨʱŻ̴ðǽѬںڷ 
йħĸԻһֿ⣬ʳƷջĸ̲ݡɽ ˮ󡢷βݸԼ¯ԶһмԺӣһЩЩǵ ֲģڷֳòࡣ⣬һЩʳԵĹ֮ɹë ʳõöʮֺá 
ʿһȴķ䣬ͬʱһȺϸ˵Ⱥָֻ ţȭͷＷļӢĵʱ壬ȻҪΪȥ  
ŵİΧУðǷӦһ׷˱氲Уװ򾲵ģ ʵķǳֻšƴؿԼðοһԼɷǿС ŵüȥˣҿŸ׼ȫУ÷ ںѧȻҧгݡ 
ɷȺøӴ֣ߵйħǰָȺ˹֣Ҫ ֹǵΪ 
һۣδشֻǻӻ֣ԹԵ߿ˡʿͷ ʾлȻֻصðм䡣ʱаٰ˾ۼڡϰ䳡ϣͷС ˣˣŮˣһЩ죬ݣȴ췢һЩ ʹ飬ڰȥ˻ǡ 
ԭӦɣѷٷӢԵУֻпйħȸ 񱨸ӽƽԭشʧĲȥʿжٶˣ 󲿷δһ˷²սˣԶܻصԼĹ ˡ 
ǿйħһΪʲôôĵԭ򡣱γ԰û֪ģ ʱҵϢѸٴˡ 
ˣĵİʹҪֵģŮˣ÷ ıǻƤͼ˿ʾԽʹ֧ѪͬʱʣϢ һֳ档ЩҵĸŮѪܣһ˿¡ 
ʹ˸еģһԭǶԴ˿úء޵˲ ˣͷδջԼë൱ŵģΪı ϵˡҪȻǸõļ⣬ǹͷСĵռ ͷϴˢĥͿһᣬ롰ڶ͡ǡ֮ݡ ˼֡ڶ͡װߵľͷǰϴ̵Ļơ ڣЩʿս磬ĹѨֻÿţӦеڽʽҲ޷СʿĹͷȻ ҰԵҲᡰ׹¶Ұˡ 
һ뵽˾߲ݡŮǶԾʿһ˵ոչȥ׺ݵ ŭӶ첲ܿܽҪð鶯ˡ 
ΨֿƲסЩӵΪԽ˰ѷ²Ѻ͵һʥַĵ ڳǱһˣһľ˽Сն 
²ʱܿǽŵľ棬Ҿڸ̲ϯϢˡ׷ʵ ƣˣ;֧ˣصɷĻ 
ʿӵϵ˵ 
װĺף 
޲һؽӣվѷļϣͷǽͷ֮϶̽ Ǳȫһ۾Ϳĸڡ 
ΧſйħᡭС޲˵ָֻšڽ ţҪ˵ˡ 
ĬƬ̣޲˵ 
ҰڰˡǶȻǲ˹˵ ֮Աǣȥǻǣ֪Ĳͬ𣿡 ӣͬˡ޲˵ڣĲеĻԼˣе ˳Ǳ 
𣿡Уʡ 
ǧȷ޲ش𣬡ڣֻѺǵļ˴ķ һ˳ˡ 
޲ʿ˵ 
ʱ׷վŵץסɷ֡»Ҷ а׷˵ӵ˵ 
׷˵仰ݸɷһ֧װӵǹ 
ôʿԾˣ¶һ˿ 
ģΪë˲Ů²ġһˣ֧ǹԼ ǴǵġʿУ˵ǹԵʱ򣬲ܱ ¶ 
ɷǹղغãŵĲƿˣһսʿ 
һƷ²ߡðǻһɫǱеС ǰ 
йħ߾ۼĲ£ڲǺӿڼСϵλҲС λ£׳ò׺ݣֽпأǡ÷Ƣ֮塣 ϴϸµĻƣһ֪ڲеĵλܸߡǿйħ൱ܡһ ڹ۲һͲ³֮϶ìܡȷصȨƽпйħɼ ǹָͬĲ䣬˴൱ԣ̸ʱȻҲǿ¶ Ц⣬ȴص⡣ 
йħʼʾʿˡ 
Ӣ𣿡ʡ 
Ӣˣɷϵػش֪ʹ²˳С 
ðأ 
ҵðһмң˴˵ǲδμս ޹ġ 
˭֪μûУشֱغӢ˶ǵĵˣ ռǵļ磡ջǵĴ䣡 
òԣɷׯص˵˵ʵҲʮѹΪ Ҵ˿в˵˵йħ˵ǵġѺ٤ū ¡ͷĴʦֵУŷ˵ķ²ǰ ҪԸұǵģԸοߵ飬ȻǵͷԶع դľ׮ϣ 
йħ򾲵ģ˵ֱŭ 
ţ侲һ˵ 
ţӢǵġѺ٤𣿡 
ɷһ£ע۲ɫ 
֪ʿĬ˺һ˵ 
ҿԵֵҵļʦ 
ֲϣȺУȲ죬ֲǼʦ 
ѧشסˣü侪۹Ÿɷ 
ô˵ûˣʡ 
ǵģ 
ѵӢ˲ϺǵġѺ٤ˣ 
һȥɡҪһȥ 
ëһһ 
ҪλŮ˻ɣɷ˵ţָź׷˺С㡣 
׷뱼ɷǰУһסλŮˣʿ˵ ǺܹŵؾһӢкܸߵλ 
侲ع۲ÿ²Ƿն΢ЦͻȻЦݽסˣŭɶ ˵ 
ŷˣüٻƭҿйħΪҿ˼ô 
˵ָź׷ˡ 
ţ˵ 
ģҵģЦŽ 
ţƿз²ִں׷˼ϣ׷һ֣ŵ ס 
»ҵٸŵؽ 
ɷ̣ǹ顱һصˡ 
ǹ죬Ǳˮһӿšϰ䳡ϼˣ ָߺҪϳ֡ɷǹȻȥˡ 
йħ۹бؿ˾ʿһۣȻһֻڻɱλֵ 壬һֵֻסŭǡ 
ׯϵѹȥƬ 
š 
仰ڷ²ǰͣסˡֳȨı£û ǰ 
һ²ֱѺʱС޲ǵѧҲˡ 
شĶŮ/() ˵ɥ 
пħǲͬʱǼʦǺܶġмʦȨ ͸ȨԶһЩ˻ŵġ 
νͨеһַףһ˻һһͲ κ˽ӴʹáëĽ̹棬˭ִ˻ ᴥŭңʹΪٳٲʦҲִܿеġ 
ճĳ˹̶ϰ֮⣬һ㶼ε Ŀʱһ¶ܵüġȷ˵ڼ ʱ廨ʱľʱ췿ݵʱزʱʱ򡣼 ʹﲶ̫ˣߵֵճʱ˼̤Ϊ˾ϵ ĿģЩҲáһֹɦסլ סլ¢һóףáֻ һŷ͡ˡЩ£Ľֹþ Щŷ޹Ŵʵ۵ġȨ 
һˣκҲһ£ܳͷһëˡ ʱһʱЩʳǲ׼ԵġϸĽʳڣֻʳ Ǹˣͽūæʳ͵ˣֻ ҧųԣʹһֻˡ 
֮ķԼš˵ϸСжҲ ϸı֡зɵƵġֱ˵ȫ ޿ɱ粵Ҳ˱粵ġ 
ڹڡղǼ²Ӧطһ Ǵ˵Ŀŭȳġʱмˣйħţһǵ Сס֣Ǽͽ 
ȻɷΪ˾Ĵֻһֳܵһ ֪м䣬һ֮ǰҪܵĿ̵ģʹһ ¾ɷȻҲ֪μ߶ɱ˵ΪⲻҪпı ׼ϣйħķŭֻһ˷йҪǣˡ 
ðǶȹһҹǶôѹһҹ˭дóǵĽ˭ܴ óǵʹأǿ޲İͼڶˡǵأ ǲѾ˱ĵһƷأ˭Ҳٴκϣˣ ǲ׾УҲˡû˵ܵܣһӵıˣŸ ӣҲ÷աɷź׷ǿµҪҪɷ ̻ܿūû־˵ִԼİأ 
أʲôȨִأŸҲţģ ˡ 
ѣԣܡսʿȫװסſѽ 
ˣ£糿ΪĹϵ²֮ûκνӴ һЩԵĶû̫ˣҲöˡһ عȥˣûзκα仯ҲûдκϣɵأߵֵĴ Ҫͬʱеˡ 
ɷΪйħѾ˽²ͼȻУһȴһ˿ ϣ 
˭ܶ϶أ˵ţоʿһ¿رʱйħı 飬˭ܶ϶йħﲻڸлأ 
ǣУͣɷκϣڶ죬һֹȥ ˣ̵׼ʽȻûнС 
ӳٵԭ 
ëţһģڣ껹û뿪Ҫ СʱʬᡣַҪϸصġֱ£գȫĵģ һˡŸվѷļϿĶһҲûСֻվڵ սʿڡնſܵؼţֵࡣ 
ǵ˵ڣ죬ӵŶˡҰˣŮŮ٣кü ë˾ۼˣĵģ졣 
йħˣӵһЩҪ죬ߵǱ룬 һ׶ߵաȺպ漸׵ĵطųһԲΡȫžԵ Ĭ 
йħ˸ƣһսʿ򡰻նˡ 
ҵҪ󣡡׷˶ɷ˵ 
ʿһѰӱǰʱҲ߽Ÿ 
ʿͷ˻Ϊ˵һΪ޵ĲԸ͵Ҫɷ ĩһδΪͬĿģһҲδͬҪԼ ͷҿ˵ˣҲδ ܲܣװԼָܲͺ׷ָʿһ 
Ÿϲؽװ 
 
û˵仰һƣ²ǾͱѺйħȥˡŮѾ϶ ǵԵʮְеȴ絶Ǳϻװʮ򾲣Ե Ƿ 
ߵǰо 
ɱ˿أǰɣԸɷ˵ 
ɱʿش 
죬̫һɽҪ 
һɣʿʣҵǡѺ٤ ǵҪЩйħ۾һֶ񶾵İúޣ 
ʱ˵ȺȻɧɷѸٵܿ˿һۡһȺ ˣһսʿܳͷ󺹣ƣ 
йħһսʿӢĶ˵ȻЩ² 
Ǵӡװ𣿡 
ǵġսʿش 
㿴Ǹ²ǡѺ٤𣿡 
ˡ 
𣿡 
ˣӢ˰ǹˣ 
Ѻ٤ǹˣɷͬǵҲˣ 
йħţ̫ɽʱһ 
оˣЩ߶׵һ̡׷˺ գʾ޵ĸл 
²ûѺءնҲӦòμеѪ һ˰Ѻһô󡰿馡Ľűߣص˺Ǵһ۾ϵ ǡë˶һְУ·Լˡ 
ӿʱ𣬰زܶʬģѾȥˡߵ뿪 ĳƤҡɥʼˡ 
ʬͣڱĵһСϣŻ£һƯĲϯͷϲ ëһȦҶסۺظͣһ㿴õӡ 
ǶߵսˡȻ·иֶָӴɥһһ ƬſĽϵ쳹ҶԹʹϵͳ Ľ࣬ߡߵĽ״ԼͷԶ׵ץԼֳΪѪ ࡣЩŮ˰Ұĵֵ쾡¡ǣĳ Ҳοߵ꣬ߵŭҪҵ˵ͷйսʿǾ ãǼȲʹ߸Ҫ跨ʹҲȱ֡ص ܾͰɷһ˶ڷĹǲҵŮԼҲԸһ˻ȥ ףͬʱҲְѳʷǳеġ 
صӳˡᡣͷɢҵڼϣֺſޣʣ 졣һޣһߣģģĻĵ϶䶼 ߵƷ¡ʹʱɵս£ͷڵֱײ 
ʱйħߵǰһ趯ſµĴ ľ鳣һְȥ 
ˡ 
һƬ˵Ľȭͷвſľĸɷǡ һҲ߶Ϊɥûꡣ 
صźɷȪˡʬ岢š ֻ黹ǲġǵūһ˭źأ 
ūֱӵʬǰˡǶղпսΪūļ ²ūʱܾ˶ܾŰûгԱӣɵ Ͷڰë˵ԭϰߣǻҪûû˵ū 
⼸·𶼰ǵˡϵҪѳᣬԲе ֲûбס֤ĸԸȥġ 
ܿ죬ǽ˳ڵʹࡣë˵ĿֻΪ⼸ŷ ׼ŵġڣԶĵطһţ۾תһߣҿֲĲ 
׳սʿ߾ţľ鳣һȥʱƷѪˡ һźţһĻʼˡ 
ūʬ岻ӵһûܡģȫ С͸ɥ˵һ־ǮԼһ꣬еˣ졢սʿˡŮ ͯ䣬Ա𣬶һ˵ūʬ 
ɷðǺµôǾסĺ׺ǿ ⺧˵龰ʱҲʶ̫ɽʱиʲôڵȺǣң ֮ǰ֪ҪܵЩʲôأǾҲ˵ˡ 
ţɥ赸ĿʼˡһáƷɵԾƣǿЩ˵ Ѿûһˡǻ᲻ġ򾪻˵ĸɷ أҺÿйħ˿ʱѡһͷʱ䣬ôҳ ȸʹ죬֮ϰߵʽгһĻ 
ط򸾵ʬ屻̧ˣķףֽŶŶӡ ҪˣԶţֻذƤֻʣ¹ͷʱ 
Ĺصĵص㣬ѡڱ⣳ԶһСɽϣСɽɼľɽں  
ʬҪֻ̧̧ԭʼĽӣս¡ʬ ţٹ֧ţǵֽŷŵϡսʿѽӸϼ磬ȫֺ ɥ裬ųɶ飬ڽӺ棬ֱ͵Ĺء 
ɷʼձţĶ뿪˱ǣȻ󣬸Ϳͽ صȥˡ 
аͷ⾰ɽȵˡֿǳˣ ɽ·䶯šԶԶȥ۵Ķ飬һһأһйӰ 
ȫڣ׸ߵĵطͣסˣ˵ͣɼľͬɽԤΪῨ ׼˵ĵط 
һͨë˵ķĹֻһӺһʯͷһȨƵһҪ ΪģΪһǰλƵĴĹ 
ĹΧһդĹѨԱ߻׮׮ϿͿʺ졣 ǲûǣߵǰһģҪԶģĹѨ ʳߵ·һ顣 
ĹһõĶȫˣǰʬȥšţֿһ 󣬾Ͳݰʬ 
ˣĶĬɽӴԺκҲϵɽˣ˭Ҫ ȥҪΪˡģͺͬɽһҲһǣ ʱѹġ 
شĶŮ/() Խɹ 
̫ڵɽտɽµʱ򡣸ɷֱѺ ˡڻϣɽĸɽ֮ǰһ뿪ġ 
ǻһҹʱȥ׼Ȼڱʹѹ£Ȼֲûʧ Ȼһͬһٷ 
ǰҪͷɥҪЩҰ˿ŷز ʿ˵ 
극׷˸ȫð鶼ñӺһͬ档 
˭֮ǰ뵽ϵ۰ 
ˣһӵһ¡ 
ͺ׷˵ӵһǣһŲϯȥˡǳֹʹ ˯ߣһͺǵ۾౧˯ˡΪƣͺҹʧʹ ʵڲٰȥˡʱɷðһߡ 
˵ 
װĻǣǺĸŮϵˡ ǳ⣬Ƕ᲻Ϊͽ¸ҵȥȥϵ۵С ۻῴ͸ǵģ֪׷һеĿꡣǳɹֻ һҲϵ۵İšּεϿᣬҶԹط һ֮п̣Ҳܴ裬Ů 
ʿһֱǼᶨģ˵ȴˡͣͣԱĸ顣 Ĭһ£ 
ԼҶԴ׷һȥԴ㾿أ 
ҴӦ£ţϵ۵Ĵ֮£ܹġ 
ǰԼûôأﻹһŸش ţóһѶ̵صʱҰѵҰ˵˹ ʿ˭˭к׷˺󡣡 
ζԻ֮һļžУһĬ˵ 
ǣǵȵ󼸷ӲҪȡֶΡʼղѾ˺ ˡ 
ҲǾⷽ˵ѽʿش𣬡Ƕðȥ ģֻ⼸˵ĻͻẰǣȥɱǰ쵰ǻ ѽѽ 
ŸʱնǰصˣУ һ𣬲ҵĺڱߵͲƽĽϡЩˣеڻΧ վŲڻıӳǵĺӰǲŵġվŵģ תǿصӡ 
һ㶼˵ڿεѵķ֮䣬Ƿ˳ɹĻЩΪһ ģһ⡣ص˿ڿءȴ˼ڿ ʱѣ˲ʱŷ 
ΪˣԳԽ鷢ӵԡ 
ǣֳ£ص˲һĮĵ䣬ȴһЩ ġĵˡ˵²ûбĻΪҪ󣬣 šնΨһһţҪ 
ӣųկͷһʯңǰֻһ·ͨĵƬƽ ϡӵ߶Ƕ£ǣ׵ӡˣȥǰ첻ġ ͨĵҲû취ΪǴʯǡΨһͨĳ·ͨĵ һƵ·ǱëסˡˣѶǲܵģɷ ǽҲ֪Թ˶ٴΣڲܲûκѵķ 
Ȼ˽ֵһҹʱһͷһͷȥˡҹӰȫ ɽɫǹ⣬һƬĵĺڰڱΧţӵľ׮ ط죬յĻѾһȻʢˣĺֱ䵽 ˼˱һ¡涼ĳ˼Сһ ĳš 
Ӧ糿ӹ⾰ˣʱһ΢Уע⣬·Ǵ ľ׮淢ģڿʯҵǱǽʼУû ڼţϸǲͣͰѶϣ ϸֱ硣ڰڶ 
У˰֮󣬾ﵽʿŸߡʹĳ˼ǵ ӵ 
˵ţƽӡ 
ˡǾСʯһּĶ֨֨֨ 죬ȥ 
ҰĶﶯŸ˵ 
ʿԼĶͷ 
˭Ҷ϶˵Ҫһڰأޣһ ֪ˣУش 
ѷ±Ҳܵһˣһ붯ǽڣŸĶ̵ ôӵϰʯͷ߾ָףʱſڵϴ϶עȺ Ķ 
Щ˶Χڻ߲һҲû뵽ǣԶĵطʲô¡ 
һӲҹɵģɶ顣Ȼûйߣȴڵú 졣һҾͺԵض϶һ˻߼˰ڱڵڵ ЩڵصĿĺأ֪з°ͼżȻ ·ҪɵĹأ 
ּӽŬǵֶˣѪˣǻϵڰǡ˰ͷ Ķﵽˡظˣ֪˫಻һ㱡 ˣٰ㱡ǵͨˡ 
ֹ˼ӣȻУֱһˣһгȴסˡ 
ŸͰĶ̵ȥס궯ǰѵһõֻ֡ 
һֻС֣Ů˵ĻСģһֻŷ˵֣ 
˫һԲԣ˫š 
ǲ޲ʿ˵ 
ǣ˵ͣ类ˣﵽʿߣץסֻС ־ǡ 
ѽѽ϶˵ѽҵ޲ 
ң㣬ˣˣȴңǣҪţ 
úӰʿƵƵ̾ 
סġ޲˵ 
⺢ӵĳ֣΢뿪һ£ָϿصӵĸλˡ 
ûʲôֻУڿءĶ˯ˡ˵ 
úõٰǣѷӦ˵ 
һǴˣ޲Ļֵ׷˵Ļϻһ ̲ݵĳӡ 
ҵĺӰҵĺӰ˵˵Щ˻ûаɱѽ 
ûУˡҲ֪ôŪģҳһҾӹЩ˵۾ դԺ졣ҹҾ͵ܣҵǡȫæŸ ɥµʱܵߵկ¹۲һ£ҿõ ܵһ˵͵ѵӡҾͰͱϵĲݴԺ֦ݣ ַӿŵмһǸֻ ߺҾͰͨͽˡ 
Ϊ޲ܵõΨһĻش 
Ͷɣü˵ 
ͼڶڵ𣿡ʿʡ 
ͼڶ𣿡޲һʣܾȡ 
ѽ𣿡 
ûѽʿôͼڶ 
ѽ޲ش 
ʲôûп𣿡ʿʣҵʱû ǲһͬߵ𣿡ûѽʿ޲Ѱͼڶˣ Ծ 
Ǿ߰ɣһҲܵˡܰͼڶܱ ЩǸϿߣУ˵ 
ǵģʱǱġڷӲˡѣǶһμǴֱ ͱڣͿ˵ûжѣͱֻУҸߡͱڣһ б£һֱɽ£̫ɽ£²ǾͿԺܿɽȡ ë˷ˣһҪƸӲܸϵΪǲ֪б ֮һص 
ѿʼˡΪ˱֤ѳɹһж׼һһխ ĵصɽԼŸ뿪֮ǰѰǳŪȻص ڣ˳ְϯǵϡˣصȫڲˡ 
ҪǶͱµбȥˣ޲һӣͱھ޷ ȥ 
ǸϿ⿪ӣһ˩ʯϣš 
øҶʳɵģŸԣӲʵҪ֪ ǲȥðģΪˤȥܾܿˤˡ 
ӣֻܵסˡҪӵȥþʿͷ ȥǵϣҡ£кٽȥ 
ȥ¶˿һӣȥ˿ţȺ ˡ޲Ӧ˵ 
ãȥɣҵĺӡʿ˵ţ֡ 
޲˶ͲˡһӺӶˣ±ʾѾ˳صˡ 
̣ʿͷҲðߵ⡣ҹǺģڶߵɽѾ ΢΢¶һ㵭ҵɫˡ 
峿˵ĺ˷ˣеˣǿʼΣյѡ 
ʿץסӣ׷Ҳץӣһ͵ͱڴ ĵطȻ󣬾ʿӵǰ棬ʼߡŲݸС ŵ㡣һԣȻѺ׷˵Ľŷȥмֻ񱻾ˣؽŷ иСʯӱ߳ѣعɽ£ŵõľ 
һ룬Ȼ˽к 
ͣסŸغ 
ɷһץסһԷݣһסӣҳ 
ԭѷһšе죬Ͽص Щëˡкһ£Ÿס˸ɷ 
Ȼصһһˣ߽ Զĵطվţͷϸһӡõһͷһӣ 䣬ס۾Ȼ󣬾ԼˣҡҡͷֻصĻһ ӵϨĻϣˡױյúٱֳκβ ˡ˿һ㳿⣬ɵ߿Ƕ͸˵ֽš 
ûʲôˡѷ˵ 
Ÿַźţоʿߡ 
ʿ˳һһ׷˺޲ǵС·վסˡ 
ҡ£žŸΣյ;ðճɹˡ ޲˵Ǹӣ;ʿ򸾻һ 
Ӻȫð鶼˳ӳ뿪ʱˡǱܿ סǴխС·ɽ 
Ǻܿţֹ˼ǡǶ˵Смţ ͹Ӱһ㡣ǵȥأ 
ֻ֪ܣˡ 
쵽ʱ쿪ʼˡƶѵĸߴԳһƬɫʵɽ忪ʼ ӳ¶ͷǡ̫þҪɽˣƬѾɱźţȴ෴ؽҪ ¶ 
ˣȻ׷֮ǰǱӳ˵ȦӣܵԶԶأʹ ǲҵټ߲죬ΪЩС·ܶ׷ʱɸɷ ţŸš޲ǳɹϲãϲأʤأǰ濪· ˮںϺ 
ٹͷվҪߵˡ 
˰ͷͼڶѾ·ˣͼڶ ҶΪǣ䲻ڴҳɹϲйƬӰȻҾܵس ŶܣӭŻԻ͵ĳȥһǾ͵棱׸ߵĸ߶ˡ ĺĸ߿иϿشǵļɽģӰ һصǵǰǸɷʱɽΩֲƬɽ ݵԹȻ跨ȥ̫ˣӭ߷ â 
ͻȻһƬ˵ǳɰٵĺ϶ɵģڿбˡǴӱ կģڱկʲôطأɷһʱ治һƬŨ ĻһչĽŵ£Щ͹ȡ 
ǣ޿ɻɣǵѾ˷ˡܲӱ˵׷أ Ƿѱ˿أ;µټ᲻ָǵȥأ 
ʱˣǰΧһƬʪǿ˽ŵ£ ԶĵطǷȺ 
ǿ˼ң˼ҲȻǡһƬȮ 档ȫ˶ˣ£ȥתͷӿդ 棬С·׷ӱܱͽ 
شĶŮ/() ԰ĹѨ 
ɽУҡȺҪë˵ĶĿɽȻת ɽǱȥϣǱиɽܰǶɵڽɽȥЩɽǻһ ӴɽϵģʹǿİͼڶһĻһһ ɽư 
ˣǸϽĽԽԽǸͻϮȺѾɽ ˡ 
ǣɷϵؽţһУһƹ ðǡ 
ӣǵɽˣִͷһжһµʱƣ һҳһЩëˡ 
߶ϣǵ۹һƬչĵ ɽţ羰ʮǱɽȺ塣ϱͬɽǸܵ ڡȥ߾ͱЩͻϣɽһŲֵסˣϣ ɽһɽһķţɿֱǣбᱱȫ ˱ɽǱȥ굽ɽܿȥҲ· 
ɷŵܿһۣΪѾ̫ҫɢˣɿ Сһɽë˵һһӲߡ 
ɽͷǸƽƽϻһԲ׶ɽ⣬ǵƬɽʱ ǲˡ 
ʱɷȻһҲͣ۲ۣüܣͻᱻΧ 
ǸϿȥţ·ûбضϵʱ򣡡 
ǣĸŮŬվʱУֹסǣ˵ 
òˣɷ㿴 
ȻҶë˵жѾһı仯 
ǵ׷ͻȻֹˡԭҪɽϣֲˣ·ӵһ ȺסǵӣһӾͣ·һԽʯһ 㡣 
Щˣɽһֶţָֻţ ǹŸͷһҲǰǵĹҲһͣ·͵˸ ؽš 
⾿ôһأһʲôֹЩأȺߵ۾ ţĪΨֿƿйħħһʧЧҪ׷ 
ȻŸһͬǶعͷָԲ׶ɽһС ﱤǿ 
ǿصķĹѽ޲ 
㲻˵ɣ޲ʿʡ 
ᣬʿǷĹϵã 
޲ȷʵûŪȥףɽĶϣͿϺɫľ׮Χ һդɷҲϳķĹˡԭǲֻӴУ ɼľɽɽϡ 
ʿǰðںͨԲ׶ɽϵǶб£һֱǷĹ Ľ²ͣסǷĹǰиȱڣòϯţ߽ĹҡɷҪ ĹȥȴȻһˣ 
и棡 
ĹˣУʡ 
ѽǲ˹ 
ǽȥ 
ʿУ޲ŸһĹҡȻиëˣһ £Ĺסë˷·ܰڰԵõس ɷ˵ǸȴѾˣúͰ׵Ŀǣ Ӣ˵ 
װľʿ緹ڵء 
ԭǰͼڶһ˽λĵѧ óӵһͼڶҵˣҾ˱ˣҪ ΪʲôᵽġǾʿһ仰Щʱ˵˻ȥ 
ɽ϶Χѽ˵ 
ˣҸںЩһ 
ǾͲᡭ 
ǣǰ౿ǵſˣ 
ҶŰͼڶ߳ĹҡЩ˻ԭطΧɽ壬˵  
ǽаɣɣɤӰɣ޴ǣͼڶ˵ǸҲ ɽ 
Ϊʲôأɷʡ 
ΪѽΪĹѽΪɽѽ 
ˣ 
ѽǣҲӵͺŷͲҵӵַʥ һ 
ллϵ۱ӣ׷˽˫졣 
ǰɽһɽķĹЩŵ˵ Ϯ 
ǵﻹֻ˵ǹһʱֹһʱĻ Ǵ跨õġɷ˵ʲôоĬĬԣУҲֱ ҡͷϴʮҵɫ 
ڣǣЩΧǾΡ 죬ǾͿӳǵˡͼڶ˵ 
ȻҪӰӷأʿ˵Ҳ֪ ǻӵġͼڶش 
ʱÿ˶Ҫ֪ͼڶľˡּˣһ˵ ȴֳĬֱҪ˼ұ˵ѻƽʱһ˵˸߲ ҵڣ⣬ֻ֧֧Ӧˡ 
˼ҰǵİͼڶһˡУ롣 
ȻǿɾѧǱҲǰͬˡϽǼסԼ· ̫ϸؿһ̸Լ˭óεӣܾò ׷ʣֻװûע⵽һ㣬ֻҪ̸ԼȻüɫģ һ 
ҶĹդΧµʱѡһЩ ˵ģ˵ð˵ľ 
ڿر֮޲һ˵һңӳ˱կǡ ǣû޲ôˣһܾܵһȺë˵Ӫȥˡָë ˵һĸߴӺܴһ֪ĵλҪȱսʿ ߡ˵һںӢñǼĥŰͼڶıӣʾӭ 
ͼڶﾯţǲǾʹӴֱɷ²أһÿ߶һ£ ڵ粽룬ܿؾ֪ʱʲôˡ 
ֽϣġ˼ǡ̫֮⡱һˡͼڶ ۾ӺʹԶƺʹ˺ܸߵĹۣŬʹΪԼߵˣһ ССˣһȴøӿرҹ 
µĴؼˣ졣⣳ͼڶܵŴŰأ ŴŰ˵ϸĽ֮͡²ˣû ǰĿֲ֮⣬״Щҵͬö١ 
ҺһҹȻҧӵˡԶԶص֪ ɼľɽϣɽȻҪġӵɽ ΪðǻԸⶪǶܡðյĳ ˡҹ͵˿صĹ档һ桰񡱣һ ǽȳ 
Ͼǰͼڶľǲ˼ǶĨɷ ϸأֻһҪ˵˵̬ʹ˸оġǲ Σӳˣһȥ˵̸ˡ 
ǰĴǼصġȻɽȴΧǣʹǰ ͸ɿԶɽǲʱ⣬еԡ 
ʱɷûйƴǾƵȴᣬҪʱᡣ 
ȣɷҪϸһɼľɽĵΣ˵ʱﱤĵΣ ĿĲڷﱤΪǲṥģĿ߳ﱤ УŸͼڶԼһͬȥ쿴ɽҪ֪ǹ۲Ÿɽ ·ķ򣬵¶ȡɼľɽӵϣɽɽ룬һ· ƽԭȥϵɽխ޹ţѵĻΨһߵ ;ѵǳźҹɽܣʹ˼ҿǣҲͿ ɽʹЩë޷׷ǡ·ҲΣաɽ͵ĵ ǹǴõġɽǹǶɽϹһκҲ ȫ 
ɷðǰߵǶΣյɽȥˣӭһ 裬طҶûдǡмҩֽӱεǸǰˡֽ ӡˢֽɵģͼڶΪ˺ģһòײ ּ 
ð֪ǣǰʲôǹ 
֪ͼڶʿش 
áʥ˺ֽѽЩʥר;ĻҪΪЩ ʿǽǰ׷ѪˣҪëͼݸǶô  
ɷͬԲ׶ɽϵĶ·ˣĹңټ һĹҵڲ 
ŵʱͻȻеƺһһڶǾȡǲ һҡȴ߱ˮһϵڲԣµĻˣ ǿҵɽ£ɽסˣ 
ǶǴӵķȪˣȻʹΪĪ⡣ ֪вǻɽʵġһɸӣɸõ µԷȪӵʽй© 
ͼڶѹ۲쵽һˣע⵽ڵɽǻ ɽʡڱвԲ׶ɽ֮һ˵ҲҪһɽ ġɽڿǶǵɫң΢һ𶯾Ϳɽһ ڡ 
˵õǶԣﲢȿڵ˿ϺŹ¯Ա߸Σѽĵؿǵ һ͹̿ɿĸְ壡ʿ˵ 
ҲͬĻһ¯ٽʵЩþܻһҪըƵġ У˵ 
УҲϴԲ׶εɽѽֻҪָһߵ· ̾Ҫˡͼڶ˵ 
ΪʲôɽأŸȥ˵Ķװô ѽҲǵĽŵ¾мƥϧûã׷ѵˣǵĵ˿ϺֻҪ ǧ֮һͿ԰һ͵ľͷ 
Ÿôһᣬ˿Ϻ˸ɷ޸дΪλʿԼ ĴεΣգʱȻȴԼֻȥΪĴӵ˶ൡ 
ڳ˼ʱѾɽ⣬Щһˡ 
׷һӭȥ 
װİ»ǵĵϣأ 
ûϣأ 
ϣװĺף˲Խɽһǲûʱȥƻѡ 
ڣصĹȥɣͼڶ²ؽţǵıݣǵĸ ڣǵķǵоң˭Ҳǣǣס լдλ 
ҶſɰİͼڶߡЩ˿ӷҪĹ ңֱһǹͺ˵ǵúǹһߡǣܽ ңǹܴ򵽺ͽһԶɵɽȥˣһֱ嵽 ɢ 
׷ˡǵðǿë˵ԶԶǵķŭȫ ˣһضĹҡ 
ĹͿľ׮ųɵդͼΡֱ˵ ľ̵廨ơߵĸ߹͹ɴıаƷƵĻʯ ͷģ֮ţҡҡڰڵءڲȫһҶ̺ ˡģ΢߳һ㣬ԳڳɵһĹ 
ǹеװӵͻҩߣĳìǰƯ ͷдĵҩ㹻ꡣ 
һеѽһõó˻Ҫ ȥǣÿˣͼڶ˵ 
ôһѽӢǹأУ˵Ȼǹ͸ ˣޱȣõЩǹߣǲܲã ֶԣΣЩǹõģʿ˵ 
ǣõĵΪرµЩʳˮѽͼڶ˵ 
ȻߵΪ׼ʵ̫ܵˡ˵ǶƷµĳ羴 ѷŵʳ㹻ʮ˳԰£߸ȷ˵㹻߳ԵЩʳֲ зβݸ˽󡱵ĸŷ޺ֲڴ װ˳Էʱߺȵˮʮӣúװ಻֪ʲ ôõһɵĳ顣 
ˣҿԲˡǺȳһ١ 
ɷó㹻ҳԱһݣ±ȥӹλ˾һһ ʽˣصĹͷҲԸѻʳòӣЩԵĶ ʸ񡣶ֲ֪ôܰЩݸŪ죬ûлѽ 
ǰͼڶа취Щβݸ͸ȥع 
ǰؿ¶Ⱥܸߣи¶ȱ嵽ȥһɲʮʮ ȡ±ڼֶˣڰǿӿݸʱһð͵絽 ߣŵˤһ 
ˮͷѽУţˮæʯǿӶ ʱͼڶȴڴؿ¶ɫ˵ 
ôأ 
û˰ɣУʰ±ڡ 
ûУУûϵ 
ûϵܵǰɣ 
ͼڶؽ˿صˮʳеػգɽ ǸѽҽǾｨһֳأ֣סһӣǾ ɽϵ³ѷˣģʵ԰ɽϣҼֱ벻ȱʲô 
ʲôȱҪǵؿӲһ㣬ǾͺˡŸش 
ؿǣզγɵѽֿĵĻѾܳʱˣ ֮ǰֵ֧סġͼڶ˵ 
緹׼ˡ±ڱţú꿼ķźһ 
̣ҶդԱߣǽԵľʳ 
ԵֶֻҲûʲôʵˣǹڷβݸζ һ¡˾ú𣬺ܺóԣ˾ûζӲǽǵġ￾ĸ ȴɽСͼڶĸ˵ĺöԣʵ ٺòˡ 
ţҳԱˣɷͽѵļƻ 
õĵطʲôأͼڶ˵᲻õ 
ǣͼڶǴ˿̴ʰȫĵطҲܳ ׷˻ش 
ˣôΥȻҪ飬ɡ 
ȣҾãҪϽӣҪȵӡڵľܳ 㣬Ҫ⾫ʱ߿ҹҪ跨ܵɽȥźڰ ˵İΧȦɷ˵ 
üˣëǹȥĻͼڶش 
ǲǹȥأŸʡ 
ôǾóͼڶش 
ԭ𣿡Уʡ 
ʹĪһ䣬Ͳٽȥˡ 
ֻеţ˵ķߡ 
Щһֱû뿪ԭط·ЩԺ˲ˡɽ һһѵγһȦӡҹĻɽȵʱɼľɽ һðģɽȴʧĺڰСǿµĵ Ӫկɧڽ 
ӣҹʮֺڣɷŸڴðǴΣյ·֮ǰ ȥһ¡ĵȥ˴Լӣխɽϣɽ ˰ΧȦ߳Ӫס 
ֱʱһж˳ëڻԱߣ·ûпܣ ֶ˼ͻȻɽߣǹͬʱ 
ܣЩͽ۾èһǹִ׼ɷ˵ 
̣ɽĶˣϿοЩǹŵðǡɷ ñӵξ飬֪ɽ߶ɢߣǾԲ ȥðյˡ 
˵ɣȻЩ˼ӵúϣӲȥܿҸһ ˣ 
൱䡣Һÿذõ˯¡ܺı춼Ĺˣ˶ ˼ϣһǾ˵ŵı°Ȼ˯ˣդ ţůĵ棬¹ȵöġ 
شĶŮ/() 족һλɽ 
ڶ죬£գ⻽ɼľɽϵ˯ߡëһֱɽ ܶʼղ뿪ߡǼŷһǱµʥ߳ɽ ¾һƬĽӭǡ 
ǰҵɽ壬ڳеȣ紵 ĵ 
ҼҪ֪ͼڶ¼ƻΧ۹̽ 
ͼڶðǾŲĺġǣҵļƻôһô ǣԤڵЧʹȫʧˣǵĴҲø ƻӦóɹһܳɹ 
ļƻǡУʡ 
ҵļƻ˵ʹɽǵıǾ ɽʹйħΪʥض˳ͷŲŭ䵽 ǵͷϣ֮⵽һˣ룬ǲǾͿԶɽ صĴȥأ 
Ǻʵġʿ˵ 
Ҫأ׷ʡ 
ʥرѽǣеһǵĽ £ǰųˡͼڶش 
ôһɽ𣿡Ÿѽһ˹Ļɽ һʱĻɽǿԿƻƵĻɽµ͵ػʱð Ǹæ 
ܺãͼڶУ˵ 
ǶðɣǼװűĻŻˣʵȴص ˿صĹȥϸ죬죬Ҫʱȸ죬˵ȵ Щ˴ӶΧжʱ򡣡ǣҪ֤ʵһ 췣أ˵һɽأ 
ģװǾɽˡģȻԶ ˷ˣġȻ͸ϸˣ 
취ٺò϶ɽ²ߣɽϵʳֳ ˡԺСĻǲ᲻ߵġ 
һУʲôʱأ׷ʡͽ϶֣ҹ ʱ򡣡ͼڶش 
ͼڶǸţƽʱҴӲäĿֹۣȴ֤ܳɹ ǰ໵ǱһĻ漣ǵżһܸ꣬Ϊŷ ̣ҲǳڲѣʿɲҪǰ 
ͼڶļƻͨˣأëţƻǿԲӦ óɹġʣµľˡȷܺãȴѡɽ᲻ Щ󵨰ǿڵҲȥأ桢һðܹܲأ أԲ׶ɽ᲻ضҪȥأػ𣬱ǴȻһ Ȩ˾Ȼ׽ˡ 
ͼڶѾԤϵЩѣСĽȥҪֻ̫Ҫ һƭƭë˾͹ˣֲŪɽǿµ 
һҵȵöôżǵȲҹ˶ӵ㣬ÿӵ ߲ꡣߵһ׼ˡĹʳֳ˷ݶɲ̫صС мŲϯǴĹóģԹװȻò ˵Щ׼Ƕդģû֪ 
ӣ±һǷʢʲôط ʲôʱٳԷأ˭ҲԤϡˣΪԤļԱ мһ̴ˣѷ׽ļֻ󣬸ˮ˵ġҰζ ׷˺ȴҲϳԣпëһࢴšζȷʵ ˵ζǼֻСһӾͱԹˣֻʣ¹ͷˡ 
ƻ赽ˡ̫㵽һƬƺ档ͻ籩ӣߵƺ  
ͼڶǳӭⳡ籩ЭļƻһϷ˶ Ȼ־ʮźͿֲġΪǴū¡ͷŭĺ Ǵŭ۹⡣ˣ׵罻ӾͱʾҪͷЩ¡ˡ ӵʱɽѾûҲҵĺڰˡһĻ׼Űͼڶ ҪƬܵĻ⡣ë˿ǵķ²Ƕֵʱ 
Ҫÿ졣ʿͼڶУ޲±ںˮһ 
ڵĵصѡ뿨ĻʮԶĵطǰĹһ ǺҪģΪĹһջ٣ɽġҲˡͼڶ һطһ޴ʯð൱ŨʯһǸȦɽ ȻγɵһСڣֻΪʯͷ̫أѹסػ粻ܰʯ ھ͵ڰεӣҾͻˡ 
ЩɽͶ߾Ĺ𼸸׮ܸˣǿʯͷǵ ЭͬŬ֮£ʯһͻˡΪʯɽڳһСԱ б¹ȥǰʯ˵ԽʯµҲͲԽҡ 
ػ汼ǿ䱡˵ĵؿǵ£šǼ󵨵 ͶߣЩݵػһ㣬ؼšһʯµ ѷԼðļԤǵطѾǺΣˡһ¾Ͱ ʯбϹòӰ 
̣ǲ㱡ؿǱˡһȵֱգþˣͬʱȪ ұֱë˵¶Ӫɽµĸӹȥ 
Բ׶εɽȫ̵ضڲǼֱҪΪһ޵׵Ԩˡ ɷĻЩûӳܲķΧǸϽ㵽Ĺ ܻⲻ˽ȵʮĶȵˮˮʼֻеһͷŨ ζ 
ʱҺͻɽ˳ȵһšıɽϻһһ Ļ·ɽ嶼ƬյúҲǿҵķ⡣ 
е˶۽ǵӪţϣ̵ǹ šûбǻ̵ĶƴӣܵϷɱȻ󣬻ɢػعͷ Ǻ˵󣬿ſĻɽǵĴŭذЩʥɽ ȥʱĻżȻһ£ǾͿںǵ 
 
ʱպʯҴðѾһɼ򵥵ķȪ ˣһʵʵڵĻɽˣֱʱΪֹػüҡ 
ɽֺһͷȵ۽ɽšǿԿȺ ǵĶܳ뿪Ƭսء 
ҹչſ磬кű꣬ԲɽһֱŵػԽԽͣⲻʹ ɷĻͷϵʴڵıԵ 
²ǶդעǻȺ˵ıŷ 
糿ˡɽĿŭ͡Ũĵɫһܽ š 
ɷϵ۾ţͷϵÿդ۲˵Ķ 
Щ˶Ѿӵĸߵȥˣ뿪˻ɽķΧмʬڻɽ £ճɽ̿Զһ㣬ǱǱߣջ˶ʮդӣڻð̡ ˶һȺһȺģ̻ڵɽţֳһŵĿֲ 
йħܵսʿмˣɷ޻ɽǱһֱߵ ɽǲɽһ 
ֻۣʦһɽ˼αȻ 壬ǲѲµġȻͼڶϣйħеɽ һظġˡ 
һ֮˾ųһһеģЩ۵СȥصǵĳǱȥ ˡ 
ǶˣǷǵĸλˣлϵۣǵļıɹˣװĺ װ¸ҵðǰˣˣǽںҹǾҪ ǾҪ뿪ǵķĹǾҪӳҰĲˣ 
ʱĹŵϲǺõġÿ˵ָϣЩ ˹ȥ˽ȫڵʱĳɹʵϣҪĵ ߵŷסĵطһ׵¡һƭ˿йħΪӵ еˣ 
У¶ë˵ļ˵ıӣе ʶëˡͼڶ˱Ҳֹشëˡ 
Ҫһ뿪վҾһʱߵļƻ ڶͼһر˿̿ڵͼ ȫ; 
ЩǾ֮򶫱ߵİߡҪһЩİĵ ģЩû˾סǵȺ߶ӦȻѣ ȻϰѾˣֻëˣһֻܿǣȥ Ƕڶʿмվңֱڣһ ûܹս˵Ҳᵽȥڴӵ 룬УÿߣҪߣ졣·ⲻԿġ ¸ҵжȴûһ˰ϧŲһߵվÿǾͿúϢһ £ٵȻᵽ¿Ϊʼ뵽¿ġ 
ϸ֮󣬴һ۲˵ĶһֱϣɽһҲû ˣҹĻٵʱûκӪʾԲɽ»ë˵ټ· ͨˡ 
ӵʱ򣬳źҹʿ̵źšðǺ˿صĶ װʳʼһصɽ¡Ÿѷͷһߣһ ţšһϸ΢Ǿͣһϸ΢⣬ҲҪһ¡ÿ˶ ˵˳ɽµĵԱⱻ˷֡ 
ɽ׵ĵطŸѷ˼صǶΣյɽˡһ ңë˱˻ƻװȴȦףһëûбɽ һĻƭȥôǾͻͻȻֵġɷģ ͼڶγЦǲڵػһɽҪӣ ӵİȫҪ⣱ھ׷˽ץסĸۣеҲ 
Բ뵽ŸҲûͷ괬ȫԱҹĻ ڻ£խɽţʱһʯͷˣֱɽ£ͣ ˻ɽµĻЩһҵ 
ʱбխɽһţȻߵòġŸ ɽ͵ʱ̾ǸƽɽѲԶˡɽҪ ൱ķ֮һһƬ֡ 
͵һɽ߹ȥˣûзʲô⡣ÿǿʼĵƬ Сǿģ֪ֻҪûɷΪ־㵽 ȫشˡȻע⵽ʱѾˡķΧǶɽ ɼľɽȴڵǸɽϵﲻҪǹ Ҫ˵ 
Уӣ֧СжǰƽšŸİİ ֣ݹƣӦþǰ治ԶˡȻͣһˡ ·ǰӰʲô졣һʹȫð鶼ͣ 
һҲʹ˷ǳԾҵţڶôſֵе Ű޷ñīݵġɲҪܣٻصԭɽȥ 
ȻŸûֿʼɽխ·ˡ 
һƬںڰģɼˡ˼͵Ƭ֣ ߶ܵҶŨ 
شĶŮ/() ǰǣл 
ҹߵ˱źҹ뿪һյĵطͼ ǰͷ򵼵ηɽԽļ೤Уһαֳ мҵıܡںڰݵȥתѡżС· һ̶ķһҲߴӦ˵츳ҹҲܴæ ˫èĺڰϸ΢ĶҲü 
ɽĶбһˣͷͼڶ΢ϷԱߵ ɽͻϣɽ֮ǰ¿Ĵ·ġ Ǹɽ뿪·Ÿɽڻ˾סĵ򺣰ȥ 
ϣӵʱ򣬣ͷˣ·ҪλŮߵø ˡңطƺʺӪΪѾɽ֮Сұ ϱȥİ²·ͼڶŵͼ򶫱˸䣬ˣӣһ ߵһ͵ɽӡҴӴóһ١УȻһֱϲ ǷβݸҲſڴˡһֱϢ磲ӣȻ ȥϣÿǾɽĵطЪˡ¶˯ȥˡ 
ڶ죬·൱صѡҪһƬصĵﵽǻɽ Ȫӡ۸ǳȿЩԲÿķ֮һ·价 ϰۣɵأˡȻ羰ȴǶôΰȻò Ŷôı仯 
⣵ƽĹռ䣬µȡֲͬʽй͸ ˮȪһԴԲȪڷ衣Ȫ۷̱ǵĻҩζ һѩ׵ҫۡǵˮȵ÷ڣȪȴӿ 䳹ǵˮߴķβȪ۵ԱߣʺϹŴš 
˷Ǵӵˮͷͺ͹԰ȪһˮͷܣŴ Щˮͷе䲻ͣеĴ˷·иԵĻزšˮ ͷһشȻƽ̨ƽ̨װִˮ̡ˮͷһһ ŵİһƬʴƽ̨İ͸ĽݣڵٲƵעݵأγ ƬԶ㣬ЩҵȪľͷžӡϷ· ŧݡǶǰŰϨڣµѷ죬ðֲͬ塣г ˴̱ǵ˴ƬӲǻᾧ飬˵档ĸԴǧ ĵضŻţûᣬһﵺǿ˵ʱ򣬹 ҵҪԭϱȻҪҵƬġ 
ÿǴԽƬϰصĵƣ͵ĳ̶ȵȻǿ֪ġӪǼ ģ˵ǹҲһֵֻð±Ƶڴ󲿷ʱҶֻ óԷβݸ͸ֻʳʵǲָǵġ 
˴ҶҪƬһеĻĵء 
ȻҪػƹƬͨеأҪѣĹ򡣵£գ ľѾˣɷ˾һСɽӪɽͼڶĵͼ Уûע֡ǰһƬľƽԭȴֳһƬɭ֡ 
һͷһЩ˾סĵɲҪ̫ľֱ ʱΪֹÿǵһӰҲ 
죬У޲ֻάֻ񶼹ٵذڵˣʵ ˵һ䣬˲ãǾʹ쵽צųԹˡ 
ڳʱͼڶһʱ飬⽨ʱҵعͨ ˡ 
ûֵɽɷ壬ϸĵǷ ͼϰѾʿдȥ 
ӴԺ;൥ֿϸڣǾͲȥ˵ˡ̫ƽ 󺣰һ;ֻ΢Ҫһ㡣 
һƽԭšŸ̫ǳλòⶨҺ æ¶Ȳ̫ߣֲꡣЩǧȴԽԽۣԽԽ ߵּҪϵվȻ߱˵ѾǾһ̸ˡ Ѿֳɼ飬鲻еܣڸ˼ıȽϽӽ 
󲿷ʱʿһţԽӽԽ˿ϺźʹϵĴԱ ڵִ¿֮ǰܻΣգЩΣնԺȥˣֻ뵽 ЩɱˮǡµĻ벻 
Ҳ̸ˡڼ޷ȥӪ̸ʲôأ ֻڽţֻŮŸ˵̸м䡣 
Ÿûᵽһҹ˵Ƿ ʵԸͷ˵һ仰͵ʽŵԡ 
̸صʱȻڽѰõļƻ֤ ɷ;ʧܵҵġ۵ǣļȷԾԺ޻ɡ ˣشһ˼䡣ˣʹҪұȫҲҵЩ ȫˡͱͬ˼ϵţͬһϣΪһˡ׷ Ҳμǵ̸ôĻ룬ȻҲԸһ Ů˵ʲôɨ˵Ļʹʧ 
ͬʱУ޲ѷĸһԣ뿪Сж̫ Զÿ˶ҰζͼڶأǼţ һԣԵغ˼ʲô 
仰ҪסȻȻɣڿУΣУƣУ Уº͵ԸҲ໼ȴʼǾ ŽģΪ˻Ԯǲϧġ 
£գһӵסȥ·Ӧǰͼڶͼϼŵӡ ǳ̲ͽȥˡ 
Ӵˣ֮УһƬһƬĹľƽԭͺ֮·Ѿһ ˣȻߵúۣȴû⵽⡣ 
ڣʼһ޼ʵĴɭ֣Щɭֺ޵ɭ֣ﲻǰ ǡɡȻĸµѾĥǵ顣һ ЩŰغͼǡĲȻ̾Ͳѡ֡ ɣѧС֬ɡڷ֦ʮ׸ߡǶһһԵسŵģ ֮䲻ɭֲǵɵģɵģϳɫ Ĵɡ쵽У߸ߡ 
Щм仹ᣬֻʮ꣬ǺŷĳЩطĺɡǶ ɫԲ׶εڡǵǰ෴Щ塢γ ȵɫǣ֦Ѿ֧šЩɭֵ峤У ״֣ȫÿſҲϱ 
СжӾЩִָ죬̤Ŵûߵճ档û ǿԿóģΪطڡɵĽ¶ѻźһ ֬Щ֬ʹĻҲ˲ꡣ 
ǼȺļάֹë˳ĵټԭǶ ǵԹЩ˼ɭˡǸÿṩ˼ȷḻӪ ʳ 
ͼڶԶԶïһԼķݡĲѧҵı ̾ðǸϿУ޲Լۣ Ƕټ׷ȥ 
ǲΪʲôͼڶȻǿҵĺģΪϳˣ ΪϳֻĪڿ࣬ЩѧΪѾˡֻ ֧һЩмһ϶ûгСο ڣ֤ʵ˺֧мҵļ⡣ 
ͼڶ׷ϵֻĪǺʹޡͬʱĺǵ У׸ߡһޱȵ񣬵ǵӺСӵü졣ܵʱ򣬾ǹҲ ʹͣ׷˼Ӻֻ׽Īʧˣ ˰׷൯ҩ· 
£ϣɷһ߳Ƭɵɭˣ ׸ߵɽ£ӪʱɼľɽѾˣ· ˣУ͵Ÿԭϣ·ʮڿ꣬ʱûϵ ôѰ 
ɲ;·ϰټϲò׼ȷʵ ·ҪȹƵĶ֮һҲҵǣÿߵɽʱѾǾƣˡ 
ҪܵﺣڴرҪ߾裬Ϊߵ ˳ĵˡˣҲ˲ƣͣڶ̫һɽ·ˡ 
ұɽںͷˣУ׸ߵĹɽͦǰͷɽ ֮䣬·ʮּġһƬƽԭʮֲ֦ ǰϢ٣ʵÿһ·ְӺȶס ˡЩֱ֦Щߣعס֮УҶһ߿·һ ǰһߣһͷ֡ߡֲ˵ʮּͣͼڶ Ҫ롰ֲơ 
Ƭƽԭϣǲܵģԣԭÿնгɼȴû֮ ˡЯʳԹˣ޷䣬ˮȱԽۣԽʵҲ ֹʡ 
ʱɷһ˿಻ԵĵزˡԴӳǻǵһԵ Ǳء 
ڲ·һһǰǷ·ʧȥֻ꣬ʣǣ ʧٵĸоֻǽеǰڰ ͤ⣬㵽̫ƽĺˡ 
طмŵĲóսƻһ䣬һЩ أҲˣǽӺͷյĺۼǲԸ˻һ ĿµĿڵȴЩҵǡ 
źʱ򣬺Ȼ뺣ĵطһˣǻ һ˱ɷѾںϣûеطˣֻó һ͵һգʱŸȻ 
һֻСֻͧСͧ 
Ȼ಻Զĵطһֻľ۸ɳ̲£ϻѽ˵ʱ ٣ʱ죬ÿ̰Ƕľƽˮȥ˾ӡŸУ ѷػɷƶ棬Ů͡±ڡ޲ߡ 
ֻʮӣľ۾ںķ֮һˡƽġѵҲ ĬĬԡ 
ȻŸԸ뿪̫Զдźȥʱ ĽȴͻȻͣˡ 
ԭֻľ۴ͤͷﻮˣԣ׷ǵġ 
ﻮﻮɳڲš 
ĸһŬľתȥˡаͷ⾰ӵĴ׷Ĵһֱ ԭеľ롣ǣ˲ãǼڻþƣٶۿź ׷ֻľ۱ǻÿ졣ǾĴѲˡӱ ĹǾԲܵˣ˶ǹǾҪˡ 
ʱɷڸʲôأͧβվţ߶ҵһԮ ءڴʲôأҵʲôأǲʲôԤأ 
ͻȻ۾ָ֣Զһ㡣һǣ ֻѽѽ 
ĸûһתͷϲĴΪڽŵػţһҲ ɡֻаͼڶԶ׼Ǹڵ㿴˿ 
һ˵һֻܣǿ 컮ѽǣ 
ѵּһѾԼĪаͷֻͧӻ÷ɿ죬׷С ԭеľ롣ֻԿüˡ˷Φ˺Ǵŵḷ́ ؿóɷѶ涪޲ץѧҵԶϸؿ Ķ 
ͻȻɫ԰ףԶҲˡŸͻǿ ˣĪΪʲôֺȻؾأʿһ仰ͽˣǵ˿Ϻţ ǵ˿Ϻź 
ǵ˿ϺţŸҲ½վǰǰ· һɷ˵ţ֡ 
Ȼδ˭ҲῴδͽУض һôᵹùֵزأ 
ʱ˭ҲǶľۣԼƯȥˡﻮأʲôطӵ أǰǵˣˣӵõ 
ͻȻ顱һǹ׷ֻ˵Ķľϴһǹǹѷ ֻϣֻ̽˼£ߵͧӸӽ˵˿Ϻš 
δʻţѾ뺣ˡԼŸǰܵУѾ֪ ͧӣҲ֪ĸߡŮŵû겻壬ﵻ 档 
˵ǹطţǹ䵽ͧӵΧʱһ죬δ һڵǵͷϷ˹ȥǱǹǰйţֻڵ˿Ϻź˵֮ͧ ִˡ 
Ÿ÷ץǰѸͷҪСͧԱ˴ͧһ ȥȴ޲һסˡ 
ķ˹ģķ˹סţǴϣҿˣ ֪ǣñӸǴкأ 
ͷŸ߾š 
ڶڵִͷϷɹȥˣ׷ǵֻľеͷһֻΣͬ ʱ˿ϺһƬЩŻˣŤͷӣ򺣰ȥ ѽģķŸš 
ţǼ乤ʮ߾ͻȻĪػص˿Ϻˡ 
شĶŮ/() ˿Ϻֳ 
ϵոĸڸɷǵĶˣʱͷĸд ޷ġһ̤ϵ˿Ϻŵļװ壬Ƿ־ʹķѣ꿼ķ ͳ裬ԱҵĻӭŴĻɷŸͼڶ޲ Уһӵһңһ񻶡ǵ ѧҼֱַˡұģǴ粽ĴԶǹ׼ţ 򺣰ȥֻľۡ 
ǣϵԱһʿðǶڣĿѬڣȻܹ Թֹ࣬ͣ˻ǰϣȥѰѴԱĵ׳ ߣڸһ·λܽδֻδ ˣټˣھȻֻصֻϣȫżȻɵ° شʱǶôǱô㲣һһѽ 
ʱƣͺͼͶһˣʿҪķ˹ôܵһ  
˿ϺôĶأôû䵽˹أ үָߵǰأ 
Ϊʲôô᣿ʲôɣҶ⼸ۿͷ׷˹ ⡣λϺԱҲ֪˭ĺáˣֻʿһ˵ʻشһ˵ ⡣ 
ôЩأʿʣǰôԸȥģ 
𣿡˹شţԵ˿Է˼ 
ѽδЩ쵰 
ʲôδѽδ𣿡 
Ȼķ˿ϺѽǸ˹أ 
Ҳ֪ʲô˹ѽҴûпѽ˹ش 
ûУʿϺԱĻشԽŪԽͿˣôķ ңΪʲô˿ϺҪأ 
˹ӣѾѾʿ׷ˡͼڶУ޲Ÿ ±ڡءѷŪĪˣȵķ˹ðش һ仰ʱҸǾ֡ 
˿ϺŲŵѽ 
ҵ 
ѽʿֻģ£յһȥġ 
ҿҿʿ˵ 
ʱʮش߶Χס˹۰Ͱ͵ԭ˹ŵдǷ ͵˵˿Ϻˣ 
ôһѽǿ˵װɣΪȷյ ķ 
ǵģյһš 
īյģ 
īյģǰѴ޺˵ʱ򡣡 
Ƿأ 
Ųдģʿױǩ 
ǣǡǷһ˹͸𣿡 
ǣһˮ֣аͨڲеǺŴϵˮֳ͸ ġ 
ˣͨ˹һˡ˵ɣǷдʲôأ 
뿪īҰѴڡǽڰĴǶ 𣿡ʿؽţʹ˹ЩԾ 
ôڰĴǶѽѽ˵ţ  
˵ڰĴǶѽķдǰĴǶѽðͬػ š 
ʱ˹۾һȥˡɷ˵ô϶Լ ˡǸʵģ˵һˮ֣ô᷸һأˣ ˡ 
㲻ҪŻţķ׷˵Ҫ԰ˣԭ ңԣԲܣûпţͨϵĻҲҿһѽ أҪ쵽ĴǶȥѽ 
ǰͨҪȥ𣿡ʿ 
Ҫȥѽҹִ˵д˵ģӲ˵Ҫҵ¸ȥ ϣ 
ǷŻڲڣķУʣҲŪʮֵغͿˡ 
ڣУҾȥ 
˹ܵǰװķȥˡ߿һڣ㿴ң 㣬ĬĬԣֻУ۾סͼڶֻǰһ棬˵ ߺߣͼڶܲϣе㷸̫ˣţͼڶĪ ͷϴŴ۾һֳִʺš 
˹ˡŰͼڶʾʿǷš 
˹˵ 
ɷӹǷžͶ 
ķ˹˿Ϻſγߺĵ  
𣿣ͼڶ 
ǷŴӾʿ۾ְ۾ϣҪԼۿ һ 
д˵޷ݣͬʱҲָлȥ ˡ 
ʱеһִֻļϡ͵һ̧ͷУ档 
ˣҵĺðͼڶңûаѵ˿Ϻ͵ӡ֧ȥУׯ ص˵ 
Цýǿĵѧܲסˡδϵȫ崬ԱһЦЦǰ ϡͼڶͺͷһȥֱͷץͷʲô֪ ʲôҲ֪е¥ӣ̤мװţҡҡ εأһֱǰȥûκĿ꣬ǰװ塣ǰװϣŰһ ϡֺֻܿץסһӣҪˡ 
ͻȻһŻˡǰװϵڷˡǴƬƽ ĺ淭һ㣬ԭǵùİͼڶץסϵӣװ˵ ҩģһʹҩˡԲһǵѧһ ʹǰװϹвջֱˮּˡ 
һ쾪һƬҶΪֳʲôʮˮֱмװ 棬Ѱͼڶ̧ƨɳ£ͷͽŲһ顣·۳Ρ 
ǵѧҲ˵ˡ 
ǰ¥̯šǳʵķˣеĻ鶼Ϊ˻š Уÿعͷͱҽ׼ǲҵİͼڶ±ԱΪ ˡһ·ǰ˾˵ƵͻȻˡ ѣԲѣšͰ·صݵϣ е档 
ҪѵѽͼڶУ˵ 
˵ѣ 
Ҫһ¡ 
Ҫ飡 
ҲˤˡУ˵ 
ˤˤˣľһ޾ͺãشţһľվˡ 
ľʲôѽ 
вյ֧ѽһˤ֧ˤˣ 
һ仰ֹЦЦñȸղŸһشеѶ ˣԭǿɾİͼڶڴˤһĻһҲûˡ 
ȻˣѧҲδ̫ˣó棡 
У롣 
ڣͼڶ̹׵ػشҡҳִĴⶼʹš ʵأҪ㣬˿Ϻһ䵽ЩߵˣҪ㣬һֱë ץȥˣǣϵϣңʲôһ룬ʲ ôһʹľңѡĴǡдˡ 
ǻǺܼ𣡡ͼڶţǡ 
˵۾޲ֿһӾͲ˵ˡţֻش˵ 
ʲô취أװĸɷұǸߵѽǸͿ棬Ǹ һӸĲ˵ĻƹƤҪǸĴĿء 
ǰƤͺˣУһ䡣ҵƤͼڶȻ ڵؽ仰ָɣ 
ָָʲôѽͼڶУһ䣬ƽ 
ûˡ 
ڣ˿ϺΪʲôŪˡǼλ·漣һ þȵÿͲ뵽ˣֻ뵽طȥһ£ҪԷˡ 
ʱʿԼŸȺ׷ˡУͼڶ޲Ƚ¥֮ ȴķ˹Ҫ 
ڣҵķشҡӵ㵽㲻 𣿡ʿʡ 
ôأʿҵʱܲ죬ҶԽӵû۶̵ ϰߣҾˡôܲأһţ £˲ӣҵĲʹҵλãҲ𣿴  
ȻķŸش 
ôʱأʿʡôʿҵʱ 룬ΪҹزҪָĵطȥһһֲãк صȥˣҪҵĶң뿪īʱҶ δҪĿĵһֱܣȵ޵½ضˣҲ ȫ崬ԱʱϻһС粨һʱܸеΪѡ 
˵ʲôС粨ѽķʿʡ 
˵˹ش𣬡ĵڶ죬ǰͨһ֪˵˿ϺŵĿĵء 
ͨڴ𣿡ʿ 
ڴϣʿ 
ͨʿ˵һ飬۾Ÿ 
۰Ÿ˵ 
ֻһ򣬺Ѹ٣ͨΪ׼ļıɷ ˣصıѻж˹ŵǴ֮ܵ࣬ǻ ȥһΪھʿʹ˵ǰˡڣ̬˼ݱ䣬 䵽ǵ 
ʿʡ 
ǰװһܵؼ 
Ϊʲôأ 
ΪһУʹƢҸı亽ң ĶԱѡ֪ǸΣյļһˣҲܲȡʩ 
Ժأ 
ԺһֱķԼҲˡ 
ãķ 
ʱɷŸ뵽¥ȥˡҪ緹Ѿ׼ˣ ϷĲһ㲻ᵽͨ 
ǣһ꣬ҶӶԱˣָ˾־ۼڼװϵʱ򣬸 ͰѰͨڴϵϢ˴ҡͬʱ˵ҪѰͨǰ ʡҿμ𣿡׷ʣ̹׵ض˵װİ» һǸѹһʣף㻹ɣҪ㡣 һҪ˹Լվȫܺ˵ǰ 
׷˽ھʿߡɷУͼ ڶԼŸ޲ѷء˹ڡбݺü ǡδϵȫ崬ԱһĻأǶľĬ 
Ѱͨʿ˵ 
شĶŮ/() Ѷͨ 
ͨˣȲмװ壬¥յӡ۾޹⣬ҧ ģεȭͷûн飬Ҳûӡһɷʿ ǰͲŸۣһ죬Եðڣ˼ҵʻͨɷ ˵ּˣ͵˹ǰֻ˿Ϻϣּ ˣ 
ͨ仰촽΢һ¡ûбϷһɺ졣 ɺ첻ڣȴڽٴûгɹĳ衣ԭˣȴ ˣ˲ҲҪϾˡ 
Ȼش𡣸ɷĵصȴţȴִһ仰Ҳ˵ 
˵ѽͨ㻹ʲô˵ģɷʡ 
ͨһ£ͷϵһ£ȻԴݵش˵ 
ûʲô˵ģʿԼòܣ˼ץôô ˡ 
ش仰֮Ͱ۾תȥչߵǴ һУװĮĵӡǸ飬·Ǵ¼ȫǸˡǸ ɷšһϵʹҪϸ֪ͨʷرй غͲеǺŵһΡˣּȥѹסͷŭ º͵˵Ż 
ͨм㣬ܾܲشҰɡȣӦý㰬ͨ أӦý˹أ㾿ǲǲеǺϵˮ֣ 
ͨȻɫźһֻû 
ɷˮ֣۾ 
ϸ뿪˲еǺŵģΪʲôܵ 
ԷȻǳĬ沿ûһ顣 
úõ˵ͨ㻹˵ĺáֻ̹ףΨһĳ· һΣԸԸشҵ⣿ 
ͨתͷŸɷ۾۾ʿûʲôɻشġӦ Ժ֤ҲԼ֤Լ 
Ҫ֤̫ˣɷش𡣡ףʿͨżĿ ˵Ҿø˵̫ˡôҸҶ϶׶ķҲûа ȻشѾ֤ˣ˭˵ΪʲôȻ쵱 ûץңҵĻҲɵģ˭֤ҾǾ쵱ڼõǸ ˹˭ָ˵һﰸɣһǲΪ˭ָ ģ˭ܿ϶˵ȡֻûκ˰ˣû κˣһɣãǣһ˵Ҫȷ֤ݵѽȴû ȷ֤ݡˣ֤֮ǰʼǰͨǲеǺϵˮ֡ 
ͨ˵ʱ˷ܣһָֻԭǸµӡһΪһ ͿԽⳡʡǸɷҪȥģ˵ 
ͨҲǸִ֤٣ǲҵ¡˫˵ סҲҪ˵κԹеһ仰⣬ͥ㡣ǣҲ֪ ˣֻҪ˵һ仰Ϳ԰Ҵ˵·߾Ը˵𣿡 
ͨҡͷԳĲ˵ӡ 
ԸҸش𣿡ɷʡ 
ʿ 
ԸָеǺʧµĵص𣿡 
Ҳ 
ͨɷ˵ÿĿǣ֪ ܿϸĺһ°ɣֻһ仰ѽ ͨһ¡ϳ鶯һ󡣵ǣأҲܹʿ ˵ 
ţֱزһ䣬·ԼһʱҲ˵ ܽ˵Һˣ 
ɷȻŭɶؽ 
ֿ֮סԼׯصش˵ͨûз٣ûй ֡ǰͷҾͰ㽻Ӣ 
Ҫģ˵ 
ȻͰе߻صΪʱǸ䣬ˮ⣬ ÿСĶвμⳡʵ˶е߿ʧ 
ɷûа취ͨ⻹ʲô¿أԣֻаǰڰ ǶǸƻŷȥˡŪú޳ɹѰùԺټȥˣ ˣմ˿̵ƿеǺŵټ·Զʧˣļκ ˣʮ߶Ҳûκ½ˣ˵˿Ϻֻпŷ˵ 
ɸɷһ֮رŸ̸һ̸غ⡣Ÿȥ ˿ú֣µú໹հ£ˣȻһ;վȼϡ 
ŸʿѴŵ壬úٿʼСﵽ ŵֱڣϡŵ壬δ˱Ʒ֮󣬾 ƹ϶ǣɴĺ߿ո 
ƻˣеʦӴѹСʱ󣬴ͷָŵ壬 桰̫ƽ£ǡ̫ƽĳƺšϣӣɽѾߵ ʧˡ 
Ҳ˵麽ʼˡЩ¸ҵѰ˵ص˹۶ûаѹ شǶôɨ˵һκаԣȫ崬Աʱؿ֣ʼ ʱģҪطŷޣô˰̻һͷɥûһ 뵽ؼе˷ܣΪһظش˭Ըȥðһķգ ʱϵٳЩ 
ԣڻӭɷشһ֮󣬽žͷɥ ÿǲƵˣǰ;ϳȤЩ̸ЦҲûˡ˶ܵ һȥضԼķѵиߵװ 
һˣӳŴϻǻϲҪȱ˿󼸷ֵģǾǰͼ ƽʱڱҪĳϣûϣҳһϣھҲǳüģĬ ĬˡǺټֺ˵ϰߣַеĻãҲ óĬ;ɥڱðǻҪġɷһ̸ȥѰã ҡҡͷȫӣѾѲеǺѴԱǵ ǸоǼѴԱһ군ˡ 
Ȼϻһˣ˵еǺʧµľǳٳٲ˵Ǿ ͨ޿ɻɣǸ󻵵䲻һ֪شĿǰֻ֪ʧµ ص㡣ԵأһҵˣͶһ֤ˣǲġ ִŲ˵ˣϵˣرˮǣʾʮַŭ޲Ҫ 
üΣɷ׳仰ǲô˵ûá֮ ͨʵִ̫ˣִĪУΪһҲ֪еǺ ͸شΡУֿҲͰͼڶһΪֿ ӡ֤ǵѧҸ˵Ĺ˵ı۴⡣ 
ȻͨһҲ֪Ϊʲô̹׵سһҲ֪أ ֪ǲûзѽҲϿڣƶ¼ƻˡ ڰͨڴޣǾƶϹҲڴ𣿹⣬Ҫ һа취ʹͨ˵ɡ 
׷˿ɷʧˣҪȥˮֵĹִ˲ܳɹ £ҲŮº͵ӰǿԳɹġ̫Ϳ羺˭ʹһ· µʱ򣬿ԽΣ·˰Ѵ¹Խ̫΢ųһ͵Ĺâ˾ ̰ѴˣⲻǹŽһ𣿸ɷ֪ʮִ ۣȥ¡ 
죬£գͨ׷˵ķˡҲμӻ̸Ϊ ŮӰǺܴģ׷˲Ըӵκһаɹء 
λŮͺǸеǺŵˮֹڷ̸һͷ̸һû ͸¶˵ЩʲôأЩʲôɴ׳һأ֮ⳡ ʵʼû֪ǵǺͰͨʱԳɹӣ ֳһľɥɫ 
ԣͨԼķʱˮ·ϸ౩ߡ أֻʼ磬ҲǣˮǶŭֱŸ͸ɷԳ Űⳡֹȥ 
Ǻ׷˲ʹʧˡҪǸĸε˶ףڶ ܵͨķȥӼװϾʱҵķ߿ 
ʴĺ׷˶һˣغǸͷ̸У̸ͷ ɷȹϵϣһֱǸԱȥʱ¾ٰһп԰ İ취ԵףʱӳҪ̸еʹࡣ 
ǣ׷һγʱԵеˡǲ׳Ǹأ Ǹжǻһ֮أ 
УرֳһֺȻĲŵ̬ȡ 
ȻϢ̴ȫ崬Ա˵׷˵ˣͺͨ˵һ㡣 еˮֶ۵װȰ˹ټҪ졣 
ɷϿӭӣ 
˵𣿡 
˵û˵ǣҵò㡣 
װĺףɹˣ 
ϣһɾͣ» 
ûʲôŵԣҪ֤һ𣿡 
ֻһŵԣװģǾҴӦ㾡һпܼǻز Ĵ 
õúܣװĺסðͨҰɡ 
׷ŻصԼķȥˡˮֱɷڷ  
شĶŮ/() ͨĽ 
ˮһʿǰѺ͵˾˳ȥˡ 
˵𣬰ͨɷ˵ 
ǵģʿ 
һ˵𣿡 
ǵģ룬УͰͼڶڳĻҲõ㡣 
˭õأ 
ҡ 
ͨ򶨵˵šɷ۾ס˿Ȼͽ֪ͨУͰͼڶ ӦˡǶ˵ɷ˵һ ڲµʱ 
ͨ˶񣬿˵ 
ʿһ˫̸֤ͬںͬҪͼڶ УΪϸ˵һ̸ С 
ɷ԰ֲͨʶߵ͵̬ҲܹˣüͷҲһ£Ȼ һ˾ȻҪ̸нʵеס 
ʲôأʡ 
õһЩõʵõĳЩô һֽǮһֽʿԸԸ⣿ 
˵Щʲôʵͼڶʡ 
Ҳʲôʵõʲôôɷ˵ 
ͨͷʾɷ仰ĺ⡣ 
õĺôҪҽӢ𣿾ʿ 
ǵģͨٹƽˡ 
Ҳ˵ƽͨػش𣬡ˣҪҾŵ ǲϵˣ 
żɽ⣬ڻش֮ǰɷһ¡ص˾Ϳ λشһ仰ѽȻӦöԷɸθսʤ ˵ 
ǲϵģͨҲܰŵ 
ҲҪҾŵԺػش 
ôõʲôôأ 
õһԵİ취ʿһǵڵңҪҡһǻָ ɣֲϡ취֮䡣 
ʲô취أ 
ҷŵ̫ƽϵһĵȥٸҪһ㶫ҽڻĵ ȥʱҽҵΪ 
ɷ䲻ôһ飬ѣҲĬ һش˵ 
ͨҴӦҪͰҪ֪һи𣿡 
ǵģʿҲ˵ҹڸشͲеǺ֪һж  
ȫʵ˵ 
ȫ˵ 
˭ܵأ 
ҿҲģʿӦҵ˸ѽһ˵˸񣬵 ʲô취أʵϣֻ˸񵣱ϲ 
Ҿɣͨɷֱ˵˵ǲģʿ ңƭܹа취ҵѽ 
ʲô취أ 
ڻĵӲץȥˡͨԴԷѣ Է˵ԷԸԼİ취޿ɷþԳ ˼ҡ̸ӣԷܲȫȻиһİ취 öԷΡ 
ʿͶλţλҪһʵ˵Ұһж̯ ̸һҲƭǣ̸Ҫṩһµ֤֤ ĳʵ˵̹ףΪԼҲҪǱʾϡ 
˵ɣͨɷش 
ʿһûеõһ仰ʾͬҵĽȻһԺɵԤ ȸڹأ֪ʵࡣǵģʿҿṩһЩϸ ǹԼģǹұΣѰҵǰﲻ˴æġ 
һʮʧڸɷУ¶˳ԭΪͨش ܣȴԤȳṩĲϽǼѰõġڰͼڶʼ ɫ 
ΣͨĻû˱֤̹׵̬Ѿʹʮָж ˣһΪܽ᣺ 
ˣԤ˵ˣʿνУ٣Ľ ࡣ 
ҽĽ飬ͨҴӦŵ̫ƽһĵȥ 
ãʿ 
ͨǲǸеأ˵ΪǺޱײûԳ һϢ·̸ 
׼شˡ˵ 
ûʲôˣ֪ĸǺˣͨ˵㵽ʲ ôˡ 
λȷʵķͨеǺϵˮֳǣꣳ ճ˹صĴ뿪˹ġһ̫ͬƽˣ£Ҹ ĵص㣬һոǸɴҵˣ֮䳣 мҵ硣ҺϲֲǨʿҪ֪Ǹ ˣһҪһ£κ赲סġǸ˼ֱǸɵģԼ ԱҲǸǣȻˣһѱ䡣ôԱǺһѱ䣬ȡ ֻҸòôһ⡣ҴҲãҲãغɣ ꣴ£վڴҸ´ˡ 
ڴޡУĻͷ˵ڲеǺŵǶ֮ͣǰ 뿪ˣ˿ǶԺûʧ 
ǵģΪڴϵʱ򣬲еǺûڿǶͣڡĦ ũׯ̸ǶΪȸڿǶͣʵ 
˵ɡɷ˵ 
˵ұһ̵ĺȥˣʡʡᲮ˹ ֻУԶںһʱһմӳ ˻ʿҪ׷ˡֻҪҺΪ ˹ͷӡ꣹£ҵǰ˵ũׯ԰ͨ ܹΪӶҾȴʱٵһֻҵĿġº󣬵˿Ϻ ˡũׯʱʿѸشʷ˵֪ ֪ʵеǺڿǶͣꣶ¡뿪 ¡ϢļֻڣʧµģԼҪ ޴½ȥҹصɿɣȵȡҵʱɡҾҪѵ ϺŪ֣һֻõĺӢıҲϲѽǴص ҪҾīȥԼˮֵݸ ޶Ĵʧµص㡣Ǵάʡǻ ʱԶԶںţʱǰ档µڿһӣû ҪģΪ˿Ϻһ˶ӲҵģֻǺϴΪʲô ҪЩСأҾڿҿҵذ˹ŵӡţθݶ òˡҾͰţ˹ŵҿеĽ顭Ժ ֪ˣʿ˵ˣţҪǰͼڶĴд֣ ˿Ϻָ֮ˡϾҵʷλܿϧҵĳܸ һЩǸÿԿҽǳԿˡ 
ͨ˵ˣϰߵؽŰšɷѶֳ ĬǸоȫʵ⻵Ѿˡ˿Ϻ֮ûбٵֻ 벻һԭİֶѾ¸ĺߣɷֵǼ¾֤ һ㡣ʵͷӵȺŵ˿ϺţõȲһܵ ʿʡȥٷŻĹȥˡУһּʣԱȷй еǺŵһЩڡ˵ڴ´ȷʵڣ £ˡʡ 
ȷʵͨش 
ʱʲôƻ֪𣿡 
ֻԼԼ֪һ㡣 
˵˵ֻͨҪ΢е㼣Ҳʹҵġ 
ܸʿش뵽ȥⲿּƻ ϵʱڲûʵСˣеǺ뿪ǶԺܵ½ 죬ǲܵġļ˵ֻΦʧµӡꣶ £յܷϡ 
Ȼѽͼڶ˵ 
ļϵּûһ 
һ㣬޷شġͨ˵ 
ˣͨʵŵԣҲҪʵҵŵԡҪȥһҪ ̫ƽĸȥ 
ĸˣʿͨش 
طȥɣǵľ 
ͨˮֵĿ˳ȥ 
󻵵ˡУ˵ 
ѽּǿִõĲôõȥأɷ  
ôˣ 
ˣӣ˭ܸǵĸʲôطѽ 
ܸѽͼڶžʹȥǵģܸǡ 
һѾע⵽ˣλѧƽʱô˵ôûԣʰͨ ʱȴһԲֻţڣһ仰ȴһˣȾͰѸ ɷһ㣡㣬ͼڶ֪شĶ 
ǵģ֪ͬһ 
˭֪ģ 
ǴǸļ 
УԾԲŵĿǱʾһ¡˵ѽУȻ ļˡû˵Ϊ㲻šң˵ˣҲ洦 ˵Ϊͨ˼֤ʵҵļ⡣ 
ôôأɷ˵ 
˵жϡдһ־˴ҵǸֲûд ˵ûСһɡɷ˵ҴдǷŵʱ򣬡 ڽҵԽԭǻǵǵʱţܿһĻ УնԺ׷˵ǶʵѵؿŲҰǷݰĴձ дŵʱǷݱֽڵϣһ룬պðѱĺһ¶˳ һaland·ͻȻһalandӢļдalandѽ һΪǡ½ʵӦǡzealandֵĲࡣ 
ţɷһ 
ѽͼڶ˵żᶨģһֱû뵽֪Ϊ ʲôΪļȽЩȻͶסļˣҪǡڷ ļûС 
ǣǣ̫ܶˣͼڶе׵ԭȵνˡ У˵ 
㷴ɣУ׼档 
һaustralʲôأ 
Ľѽָֻϰ򡯣australesĵ 
ðɡindiأΪǡӡڰˡindiensֽͳΪ ˡindigens 
ôҵΣҲһΣͳΪ֮ˡindigence ڶش 
continأУܻǡ½ 
continentɣ 
ȻֻǸǾͲǡ½ˡ 
ʲôأɷʡ 
װľʿҰļ͵ȫȻжϺˡֻ ע⣺һԭȵֽѣǵԽһΪĳɼ ͳڶĳЩطǻǣǿһ㣬ûн͵úãЩط ޹ؽҪģǡgonieҽΪն񡯣ܾòף ĽңҵĽԷļΪģǲҪдļǸӢ ˣܶԷõò졣һ㽻֮ҾͿʼҵĽˡ 
ţͼڶڵһһضеݣ 
ꣶ£գΦеǺţ˹ۣûڷն ϰϣӢļϵġ½ˮֺʹصڴ ҳ˱Ϊľ֮ˡ´ļھγ㣱䴦 Ԯڴˡ 
ͼڶˡǿԽܵġǣΪνͺǰεģ· ͬȷҲͺܿܺǰεͬˡԣɷУ ۡȻȻеǺŵټڣߣǺĵطͰĴ ĵطûҵĻͱȽ϶Щˡͼڶһ㣬ر ѵע⡣ 
ͼڶΪʲô½һֱ˽أܸÿ԰ԭ ˰ɣ 
ΪҲԸٸһջϲʱҪ¿ļϣ ָһѽ 
ǺǱϳ¿·ˣΪʲô㻹˵أ 
Ϊļܽ͵ȷҲڸشİȫ 
Ϊʲôأͼڶ 
ΪǹػļˣûϢ˵ ڳˡ 
ˣĿǡɷʡ 
ҵĿǣĺۼҵһЩеǺѵһ군ˣ 
һжҲҪ˵ƣǣҸʵĻʹϢ߸ أĶŮɣɷ˵ 
شĶŮ/() ̩ 
ȫ˲ö֪˰ͨйûܶԸشĴ˵ϵ ǺܳصģΪԭȰͨ˵ȴ֪κһʹ˿Ϻſ ҵеǺŵʵ 
δȻԭ·ʣҪľѡһĵѰͨȥˡ 
ͼڶŸϵĵͼãϻһµ ̩һƬң̫ƽм䣬޺ ڱߣ½ǷıֵĦͼȺϱߣһֱߵϼ һСûһֻܵƧСκϢҲС ֻϲ籩ڳĿ纣ܵЪһЪšͼ Ƭ̫ƽγİʯҲдȥ 
оԹƧĵطֻԶһкߵСˡǾ Сλø˰ͨͬ͵ǸСϹԶȺ˿ϺŵĴͷ ָ̩ʱ˿ϺſһԵֱߣСֱ￨ ŵ塣 
磲ӣˮֱ½ءǾ̩ ͵ģģǿڲ棬·һ㡣δУδʱ ÿСʱٶǰš 
СĲӰʾˮƽϣˡ̫ȥ۵ĲӰ ǿӳߵɽţ̫Ĺ⺣ 
ʱŸ·𿴵һƮȥ 
ǲһɽأԶ۲İͼڶʡ 
Ҳ˵ǻ˽⡣ȻγںͻĽ ˵ǸɽĵĻҲؾȡ 
ôɷ˵ǻɽһӦ˳ɽһ粻ְ ȥ𣿡 
ԺС֪ĴѾкüˣһ֤ǰ ǵӵкðںϱ沢ã¾Ͳˡͼڶش𡣡 ɣǿ֮ǰ½Լɷ˵ 
ɣʿҲõ˿Ϻںڰðİĺ߿Ҫ صţ죬һǷֻСͧ½ԼŸ˵ 
ϣӣ̩ȻֻڣĵطѾֻʣһӰӣ ˡ˿ϺŻȥӵʱһƬ൱ǿĺ⣬һŻں ǲģϵġ 
֤ǻɽˡͼڶ˵ϸع۲šȻɽо ģ̵ľ룬ӦõҶǱߴΪʲôһϢҲ ǵĶأŸ˵ 
ѽɽֻ⣬˵ңƺһͣһͣͼЪһ㡣 ͼڶ˵ 
˵öԣŸش𣬡ȻǲеĺѽȻ иˣں̲ϣΣڻζһڻ  
Ÿûпһѻˣʱ·ˣȻֵ 
⵺סˣɷ˵ 
סĶˣһġͼڶش 
ôǾͲܽͨˡ 
ܣǰ͸˳ԣҲǸ̫У˵ 
һûסĻĵɣɷ˵΢ЦţУ ˡθڡѾӦİȫ˵ܲ 
ΣҪСǣҰϰߣҡŻ⣬ƭ ˣͺʹǰ߶ľһ⵺ϵ˺֪ܿմֻİ취 ġͼڶ˵ 
תͷ죬̫һǾ֪ôһˡŸƶˮ кš 
ˡ˿ͺŸطˡͷֵֻļˮڼװɢ βֻж湤Ŷѡ 
ʱغ޲¥նˡ 
شӷڷϣȻĺ͵˿Ϻź淢 ۡŵܵܵǰ;޲Žĳ·˶ǵĸסװ ĸ׵׻ڲأʹ˷ѰĹ𣿲ѽûиףôܻ ȥأûиףôأҪ˵ûиˣûиɷʿͺ׷ ˣѲ֪ʲôˡ 
޲Ѿڻĥóˣµ¡ץסַԼ  
ԶҪʧס׸ǵĽѵԴһС ְ۲صʹսʤһеҲӦСһֱڣ㣬㶼 ΪҲֵͣΪˡ 
װĵܵܰش 
о仰Ҫ㣬㲻ɣ㣿 
ôأҵСܵܣ 
ȥ𣿡 
⻰ʲô˼ѽʣﲻ 
㣡ҪԱȥ 
Ҫ뿪𣿡ŵܵܵ֡ǵģ㣡ҽҪ͸һ ΪһԱҪԼһΪһԱװԼ ûȫʧѽ壬һһŵùӦңҪ һġΰĺԱһңһһȥǵĸף㣬 ˵˵Ը⣡ҪܶˣǵĸһҪ߱ĺȥһ ˣǵΣ٣ҵξҪ߱ĺȥһѽҵ Ŀ꣬ӦȫΪĿܶĿѰҡԶѰԶ ǵˣװĽ㣬̫ˣǵĸף 
ָֿҿ֪ܵܣĹˣû ҵĻӦѾΰ֮һˣ 
ô᲻֪޲˵ 
һѰѵܵ§ǰСеĶֱΡ 
㣡㣡ţǾô˵ǵǣǾл˵ һǱϣģԶϣģһˣҵδɹ֮ǰǲ ȥģ 
ֻǳҭҭޣ˵һ뵽跨ȥĸףһ뵽 Ÿĳǧ黳ﱼͻš 
Լϣ𣿡ʡ 
ϣ޲ش𣬡Ǹ磬ԶǵġҲԱȥ 𣬽㣿ԱһȥǵĸףԸ𣿡 
ʲôԸⰡǽ÷ֿˣ 
Ҳǹѽ㣬֪˵ˣ׷˲뿪 ǸŮѽ㣬ԣӦýⷬ⡣㲻ܵǶ ˣǣǸкѽжǿ仰Ҳ֪˵ٱ ˡ 
Ƕϼңװģϼôأ 
ǻѽ㣡ЩǵԼоʿѾˣ ҺܵؾˡʿҪ꿼ķŮʿ׿ڸҵĺ Լָңڼһ˺̸ǵĸףһԼ ңһǻѸһģһǶôѽ޲˵ţ ͷϷ˷ܵĹʡ 
ҵСܵܣҵĺúӡش𣬡ǵĸ˵ⷬ Ƕô˰ףװĵܵܣǿɰĸף㳤 ˣͺ͸һģһ 
Ըˣ㡣޲˵ţһʥТĵĽʹ׺ 
Ǹɷʿͷ˵Ķ飬ôܱأ 
˵ 
˵ѣ޲źؽеǰǣǣ Ƕ˵ǣһ죬ᵽˣҾΪ 
ҪΪҪΪǻѽŵܵܵĶͷԸ ΪǻšҲԸ 
ţֳ뵽ˣģҹӰб˴˶ԿšȻ Ȼ˵ˣȴ̸ţ෢ʣشƽĺع ƵһһںڰнĲʱȴһ £һ·ˡǽһִصϵ 飬ͬʱһӸеһͬĻþЩĲģ ·һ˵ĺңʹ˵Ҷص 
ѽѽС 
㣬ˣ˰ɣ޲˵ 
ѸٵһǣӣҹɫѰš 
ʲôҲûпֻһƬڰչʾǵǰ 
޲˵ɫж÷ףҷ·𡭡ѽҺһ· ġΰҵĵܵܣ 
ǣһǵĶˣֻþ̫ˣ˵ ͬʱųһĺ 
װװ 
ܲסˡ̼ȣε޲Ļ˰޲ҽ Ҹװ˰ 
ƶ˱ֵˮҲˣţŸ׷˺;ʿ ҲͻȻѣˡҽҪˣҵĸǶ޲ţһָŲ ˡ˶Ī 
ǵѽֽУҸǶ׵ˣҲһ ˣ 
ʱѹˣ۾ͷһ㣬ҲڽУ 
ҵĸװҵĸǶ 
ǿŮһˣȥҪͶ 
ʿ˰ֱУ˵ҸѽǱ֤ ӲﴫͺͰһʱһ 
ʱĺֻ鴤ȫݡҲòϰ̧ ķȥˣ׷ҲŽķ䣬ȥչ޲У 
ҸװҸǶûиʿ 
һĻҵ龰ǰǶΪǱһֻþסˡԵ ĳ̶ȣܽ͵ÿأ 
ǸɷȴҪһ£ǣ޲֣˵ 
㸸׵𣬺ӣ 
ѽʿǶм䣡ҰҰ㸸 ׵𣿡 
ôûأʿ÷ǳҿԷģҽҲˣҲ һҸ׵룬ôͬʱŪأʿǾȾ ȥɣֻͧӣֻͧ 
ʿ֪⺢Ե̫ˣһʱͲˡȻһŬ ƶˮֽ˹СͻȻεʱŶ 𣿡 
ǵģʿ 
ûпʲôʲô𣿡 
ʲôҲûС 
ɣ޲ 
ǻ˹ĸڽУ޲Բɷ񶨵ļ㣬ش˵˹Ͳ ˵ʲôҲûˡҵĸװʿҸװҸװ 
޲ĺסˡɫҰףһ죬֮Ҳ˹ȥ ɷ˰̧ĴϣǺ˹ȵĴ̼Ļ˯״̬ˡ Ĺ¶Ÿ˵ϵ۶ԴҲ̫пˣ 
ѽĹȣͬʱͬĻþʿ˵ 
ͬʱͼڶ˵̫ˣӿѧ˵ȫ£ 
Ȼ󣬰ͼڶԼҲӶź棬Ŷ䣬ҡҡֽб˱ϸ šľšͼڶִغ˺Ҳûκλ 
ǹּˣ˵ţһ߻ط䣬ʹĽ һ͹۵󰡣 
ڶ죬£գ糿ӣϵĳ˿ͣ޲ҲڡΪ˭ Ҳû취ڷ۵װˡһҪֻǿƬ½ ء 
еԶ̰ضŵϵҪصѰѰȥδ뵺ֻУԶŰ СǵԿ尶ϵϸ΢ˡȻ޲һУ˵ ڰţŸۣͬʱһҡһӡ 
Ӣ졣ŸԶץҲ 
ģͼڶҲ̻ͷ޲ʿ޲˵ ÷ʿԸˮεȥһֻСͧʿ ҵһ½ 
˭Ҳ˵ôѽڣߴСϣȻˣ ѵˣӢˣÿ˶뵽ҹһĻˣ뵽ҹ޲ ǸҲֻһŪˣиǵĶ Ǻôܾǵĸ׵أѽΣǲܵѽ ÿ˶뵽ֻиʧڵȴǣǵٶȵĴˡ ʲôֹǣϰأʿûֹǡ 
ͧȥС 
ֻһӣͧӷŵˡشŮʿŸͼڶӿ ͧӣͧˮţܿ뿪˴󴬡 
밶УԶĹ⾰ҵؽһ 
Ҹװ 
һˣվڰϣм䡣Ǹߴǿ׳ģºִ󵨵 ݣʮʾǰ޲˵òںһӲ ˰ǵ鲢ûƭǣǹȻǵĸףǸش 
ĺſ˫ۣ׻һصɳ̲ˡ شĶŮ/() С 
ǴΪġ˼һûػδתˡ һĻôдóǵı̫ѷɫˡȫ崬ԱǸĬĬ Եؽһ𣬸ᡣ 
شһδļװ壬תͷź׷ˡʿĻǣԸж ϺлǵԮȡԭɹµصδʱѾ򵥵ذѵ ϺŻѰȫ 
λĸˣеĻ飬˶ôһծӾʿ ֱˮֹΪ˶Ŭ˶ٿͷ𣿹ذͷ ޵ĸмֵּ֮򵥳ָֿкˬӢշӳһ ȫ崬ԱѾõ˱꣬ⱨԶԶԹǧ ࡣ䵭УҲûзӲӯڰͼڶһ ᣬޡ 
ؿŮǶôƯôѽֱӾͰĸо ˵һһ˵һ뺣׷·Ҫ֤ʵһǱ۰ Ůɱ۾ȻתͷĶӣ 
öֱ߰Ǹˣֲ֧ؽ˵ 
ȻֱϲӣͷŵǶһ ǡ 
޲һһеĺѣ⺢ӾȻòͬĴܲͬ ˣȻÿһ˶ֻͬһ˵˵Ǵңÿһˣ ¶̫ˡܵԼŸʱ괬Ůһ ĸ׻ػʱڷ 
ʱ򣬺׷˾Ͱеľ˵شˣΪ ӺŮеԺ 
֪޲ν湦֪⺢ѾΪɷ ʿһծȻֵԼŸ̸˵̫ˣڹ ׷˲ļ仰֮󣬾ͰŮŷŵӢ괬 ͷŸɷʿͷˣ 
ʿˣΪǵĺףɣ 
һеһ˵˵˵ǧ֮󣬸ɷѰͨҲ˹ ءش֤ʵĹʣǸȷڴް´ġ 
ִָΪֲ˵̰ȥġԸ ܷʡڣͷ˰ɣ 
δѰͨ͵֮ǰҪĻľдһ ѡȥιһİݣ³ѷϳһٷɷ ǶȻؽˡ޲ȹϵһҪסĵط طشĶŮ֪˶ᰡ 
һֻͧºˣǸˣɷ򸾡УŸͰͼڶһ ڵϵ½ˡ 
ͷ߱˸ش˵СֻǺһɽɽ ֻɽһСƬƽأѩҵʯͻɽĲڵؿγʱ ɽڵ»ȼӰ£̫ƽͦˡȻγﻯֲռ µ̡Ĳְص⵺ϣҰ״̬·ֳ šӴˣȻ̫ƽĹСϳ˶ֲ硣 
еǺŵѴԱӵԺ󣬾ͶƬȻĻ ˡ֮УغˮʹǵСȫĹˡüĶ ϸظţ˺ܺõ߲ˡ 
ι۵ߵסլˣסլ͵Ľ¡ǰǴ󺣣̫ ⡣ؽ˰ӰڵЩï£ҶһֻɽȡһЩ ۵̡ҰġһЩˮЩ͹һ򵥵 ϯ治Դķζ 
ͼڶļˡ³ѷ˼ӿͷˡ 
ͨǸ̫ˣ²ţСֱ ѽ 
Ǹãػش˵߱ȵ ˣҺ⵺̫Сһ㣬ǹֵĵ죬ֻһСϪһ ӣֻһ˳Сȱڣһ塣 
Ϊʲôأɷʡ 
ΪǸ󵺣ҾͿԽһЩո̫ƽпѽ 
ûзǸͷǸͷʹǵ̫ˣ 
ûзʿϵ۽ְҾȳҪҵġҹ ոĿͬǣпѵǣӦһƬµ½أӱ װԼһȫԼģŷ ܲĶҸ˵ãش׷˵ üƻѽûΰ˼벻ģ͡ɣˣֻ һƬʯֻˣϷҪȴһƬиԭʼԴ½ ѽ 
ôãɷǰ;ǵģǴƬ½أ һͬȥң 
غ͸ɷҵؽ·Ϊ˿϶һŵԡ 
Ȼ󣬾СϣСҶһеǺŵ ġǵԸ 
ҵĹ£Ҳб򵽻ĵϵ³ѷĹ£ǵû˿ ֻϵۣԼǸеֻȥȻ綷ȥȡ棡 ǣꣶ£յҹеǺűĴ籩ˣ ʯϡ⵺ﳤڲԼУмݳһ ˮȪԴȪԴҺļԵġһ˴ҵˮ֣ĺ ʧҵѰǰҡ 
һʼͺǵİѸƷе³ѷһѴϵĲռһЩ һЩߣһҩһЩǹеһѡͷǺģǲã ԺʹԹȶʳˡΪڵڲҰ򼫶࣬ذˮ أǵ͹ˡ 
ҴӴȳҵĲߣҿȷ֪Сķλһ ͷκκ⣬κδˡĻᡣһ װˣϣټǵ棬һȴ¸ҵؽ顣 
ʱǼشͶãĶؾͲ˲еǺϵĲ֣ ģģȿʼճʳˡ߲ˡֲ˼ ֻҰǺܿѱˡ̣͡ɺӹﳤɶֹһ ֺӪϣǴӴ˾˿õˡ 
òеǺŵľϽһСݣݶǷǳɵģϸͿ ˰ͣʵڱ£˵ضȹ꼾С۹ 룬õ뻹Ǵ˿ʵֵһ 
ԸƴһֻСͧȥðգ½أĦͼȺ ҲУһ̣κСͧҲǽġҷƻ ֻܵŻˡ 
ҿĺӰҲ֪жٴվڰʯغŹĴֻ ʱֻУֹֻ߳һûӰ عȥˡѾϣˣǻʧ 
ľ죬߷ϣȻһڵϡ̽ һһֻҵҰҿˣ·ʻ 
Сûпͣĵط᲻ҪܿСأ 
Ƕôһ찡ҵĲûҵƣڵ һɽϵһѻ𡣵ˣδûзκλشźţȻϣ ǰģѵǾۿ 
ҲٳˡҹӰ𽥼ҹƹҾºǱ ΡϣҵľԳ˵벨ҽӽδˣ֪ ಻׵ʱ򣬴ƫƫͷȥˣ 
ҷʧĺֻˣǲǵһֻþ 
ֻֻص̱ˣӾŪҾƣ ߡҵˮְѾǰˡڵϹһҹǶô ѰһҹΪԶˣҿһҾͿδŵ ˹ǵͧºˡǵþˣң찡ҵӣҵװ ĺӾǰŸأ 
ص޲Ŀ븧нˡʱ֪ ֮ԵþȣǿļѣװƿκƯǸļ ǣشľʱͼڶʲôأɾĵѧ ļϵּȥǧٱ飡ԭеģֽͶ룬ȫʹˣ ̩Ǻˮʴļֽдأ಻סˣץס ֣ 
ڿɲԸңļдʲô 
ͼڶһ⣬ÿ˵ĺĶΪ²վ Ҫҿյˣ 
ôļϵ־ȷؼǵ𣿡 
ͼڶʡ 
׼ȷؼǵѽûһ첻뵽ǵΨһϣ 
Ǽ仰ʲô˵˵Ϊǲȥ²ʵ̫ ˡɷҲʡ 
λҪ󣬡شش𣬡֪ΪԮ ĻᣬƿװˣļãдɵġλҪ֪һļأ 
ļѵһ𣿡ͼڶ 
һѽֻһͬ 
ôðɣһļǷļãÿνͶ ɷ˵ 
ʿļ־ػش𣺡ꣶ£գ ΦеǺţ˹ۣû͸ǣϰ档 ½ˮִ˴ﱧϡ 
ţͼڶһ 
ҡŶԶΪľ֮ˡ´ļھγ 㣱䴦Ԯڴˣ 
ͼڶﱧ־ͻȻվȻ̲סˣʹе ôǴﱧѽ̩ 
ѽͼڶӢĵͼ϶д̩Ƿͼȴд ﱧѽ 
ʱȻݺݵһȭͷ򵽰ͼڶļϣıһ䡣ԭУ һ£УԵϰׯأοˡ 
øѧѽУ˵ 
ǰͼڶУһȭҲûиܵڵѧܵĴʹͷ̧ һȭʲôأ 
ԭǼļԿɿĸش˵ѾµԭˣЩ ȱģּѾȫˣǡĴǡЩ Ⱥһһվ·ȷġֶҵԭˣ ʣaborһʣŪͿˣΪڡaborderʵȴǷ ﱧtaborǲеǺѺѵĵطѽʵ ģΪ˿ϺϵĵͼسΪ̩ 
ȻˣͼڶץͷţҲӦһʵѽ һԭµĹʧһƵѧ˲Ż᷸ĴѽҵӶ ˣ 
ǣͼڶҲôѹ׷˵ 
ɣˣɣҼֱǴ¿ˣ 
һȲһƥӼ¿أУȥһ䣬Ϊİο 
극ˣشСĶúˡʲôҲߣΪҪǸ ܵĲƸ 
һشˡɷ㵱Ƿ˰ˮȥͨ ¥ˣվڸشǰ 
ңͨ˵ 
ѽͨش𣬲Ϊּʾ˿ľȣܺã ȻҲܸˡ 
ͨҰϵһס½ȥƺ㡣 
ƺǵģ 
ҪȥסûסĻĵˣԸڰɣ 
ԸˣͨشʮְС 
ɷˮ֣˵㻹ֶĵϵǸ𣬰ͨ 
֣ʿ 
ôﱧ𣿡 
ʮֺ⡣ 
ڣͨһ仰ɣκ½ضԶ κϵǲܵġ漣Ͼ٣˿ϺŰŵµϣӲġ ͸شĹȥһû˾Ԯû֪ġȻ㲻 ˼Ҽ㣬˼ȴ㡣֪ʲôط֪ͨʲôطȥ 㣬Զǵġ 
ϵ۱ͨ򵥻ش 
ǸɷͰ̸ͨļ仰СͧѾ׼ˣͨ´ 
ŸȾѾȥ˼һЩߡһЩɵҩ˵ˡ 
˰ͨǿͶԼģʲôҲȱ鼮С 
ֱʱˣȫ崬Աͳ˿Ͷվװֹһеѹ ׷˶Ʋסǵ 
һҪ𣿡ɷ򣬡һҪǻ𣿡 
һҪףǽĹѽ 
ʱСͧŸָ뿪˴󴬡ͨͧվţʼղɫ ñӣׯص˸ 
ɷҲñӣȫ崬ԱҲñӣƽһһʱ СͧһƬĬ֮߿ˡ 
ͨһ½أɳ̲Сͧͻ˴󴬡 
ʱ磴ӣ˿¥նϻŰӣһҲ һʯվʯƵģδ 
߰ɣʿŸʡ 
߰ɣԼɷٵػشϲԸ֣ʮָж 
ŸԻеʦС 
Ųˣϣӣﱧϵ󼸸ɽ嶼 ҹĻʧˡ 
شĶŮ/() ʤ 
˿Ϻ뵺Ҳǣ£գ޺ˣڶͣ  
ˣ»ˣ⣵µУϸѭγߣƵһ ܡֵüУӢıʷϻǿǰһأϵĳ˿ʹ ͢͹˴󡢴Ⱥӡ󡢰ķ˹صȺ Ĵǡﱧ̫ƽǵŬûа׷ѣǰѲеǺ ѴԱػˡ 
һӦʿЩƵոˣһҲȱȫ嶼صǹ ոˣԶŴʷ˵֡ս 
˿ϺȼϺϣŰǵĺƹ϶ǣʻ ˳ǰ 
ûбһκ̸˳ˡδҸϲʲôˣŸ İĽҲ˹ˡȻһص½У˼⡣Ϊʲôͼ ǰ·ôģôϵģΧҲΧأУһֱ ģҪ֪ǣʣò²⻳ɣͼڶ ǲʡ 
Ҳʣ˿ϺŴߣװڣȵĸɹûʱҲ ⿪һӡ 
̫ĴˣΪϺʥ˵ñأУһ£ ˮ¶ȼﶳһ˵ 
󣬣£գ뿪ŵģŸǵĵƻˡ ʻʥκϿת塣ͣڵͶ١磲 ӣϵĳ˿;ڸߵ˵Ļн꿼ķˡ 
Ƕһܵغˮڵþȣע ģŸǹϵʥϸ飬ɣǰΪ ĦʦŮľףҲע˵ģ޲ ͹һԱŸһԱڸɷʿĴ֧£Ÿ شΰҵƻҲעˣ 
ǣͼڶһѽǷҲע˵أҲܿע ˵ġ 
ȻλԨĵѧңⷬӢҵⲻҪ䶯һʱЩĴ Цո罻еΪ̸˭룬룬д Ӧæòɿ 
ʱǡһλĿɰС㣬ǲ˹УıãҲе ģƣĿλѧҵĹŹƢԸ顣 
һɵأŮȴ̸ܿһ㡣 
ͼڶڰСĴ࣬޶ԣʾ 
У棬һ֮価ϡ߰ͼڶ һεĴĴ⡱ǽˡ 
ʹͼڶΪѣ˵֣ǳɲ˵һϡ֡ 
ǲ㿴ϰСأУУʵǿɰѽ ڶ̫ɰˣҪ˵滰ҵԸɰҵϣ еȱݡ 
㾡ܷģȱݵģһһŮˣһ ȱݵѽˣͼڶ𣿡 
Ҳҡ 
ôһѽҲѧѣΪʲôأ 
䲻ϰС㰡ͼڶش𣬲Ҷζش 
Ϊʲô䲻أҾͲ˵ȥˡ 
һ죬ͼڶסŵУƵͶ·ھܵı֤ £ϵһصУصǡءҪ׽ صһҾҵˡ 
ԭΪԭ𣿡У 
ȷΪԭѽͼڶֿ϶һ䡣 
ʲôϵأҿɾѣ 
㵹ûйϵ𣿡 
ûйϵ෴أصѽⷴһŵ ѽһ㵹˰СǸ˫ˣ 
Уôһ˵ţһҲЦͼڶȴϰ£ 
УȥСˣ̸ֻһ 
꿼ķСֵؾһɰͼڶ Ӣ˲ֻϵťȴ۵ʵʵﰢСһ㡣 
ͼڶܱӦһҲ֪ģȴϣУ˸ɷ ɷָ˺׷ˣ׷Ÿ̫̫ǰ¶һ䡣 һ±̫̫Ķ￪ˡ 
ԭͼڶë˼ˣ²ë˴̹ˣǴһ㻨 ƣǴӽŸ̵ֱǰһֻάֻġ 
ǰͼڶǴΰΨһĵ£Զ޷οԶԭ ҲΪȻŴȰԼҲٻطˡ µѧһ̹飬ϾͳΪҺͱֽĹĶѧ ۶Цˡ 
ڸشػȫո˶ף·ȫһϲ£ شո˲ˡĶ޲һҲ һ˺Աڸɷʿ֧£Ϊʵ̫ƽһո ļƻŬ 
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