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˴˵ܾúܾǰԽһгˡ 
ҵͥԺǰһӣÿ絽ںӱŬ飬һӽ 
һסںÿ쿴ų飬ö֮㰮 
ͼɫճ޶ԡ 
ǣԴ͸ͨƾٿԵǻΪ󳤸ȢΪޡ 
Ȼǻͨƾٿ֮󣬲ûϺΪޣҪȥϵƬһࡣ 
ΪҪΪޣϲ⣬һʱ䣬ŰƬʹ࣬һֻҪˡ 
ǣܵʹչǰ׷ˣһƬĻֻǱѪȾĺˮԶҲ޷ࡣ 
ڷֳӵͼ޵ʫ䣬䳤ˡ 
ӴԺ󣬳ÿﶬļʱֶˡ 
ıݽĿĸ߳ 
һ޴Ĳˮ۷̨룬ˮۺһˮݺĻڵƹҫ£̨·𶼳ˮס 
λڣѹĿʼ 
һŮЦӯӯñܡ 
λϺĴӣֽϵġ˾糡򵽺ӵȥˡλڣ׼𣿡 
仰̨¹ǵĺôЦ 
ϯԼ֮һձ۹ͣӼȫԱǽսսиڽıݳڹǰ 
ڣӼġϷݼʼ 
ʱɫƹ̨Ӵ̨߷ 
һչָ߳ؼһ߿ˮۣˮ۵µϥŵأסԷ֡ 
ʱһŮɫƬͼӾ£̨Ա߷ 
һǽŵϡ 
ͬһʱ䣬Ůӵ˱С 
ڰвͣתȻԾˮһټˮ 
ţŮʮŵĶˮһԾ 
һɲǣһ̨ĳţɡ 
Ǹ˵ޡŭŨŨɱ⡣ 
ǣɱȴֳڵĻûûдκ˵Ķ 
ðŶ 
ԱǷ׷׿ϵ 
ЦݻӦ漴̨ųϢȥ 
ˮϾ糡ϾɵĴָɣ˹ϯۼ⣬̨װ궼ԭľļװ塢صĲš 
Աʳж٣ֲ£ÿһ㶼ϳݡ 
ӼųͬʱҲĸÿѾ𽥳Բˡ 
һøְ˵С 
һϰԵôĴָ·һ߻ǰߡ 
ְ֣Բ𣬴ˡ 
һߴ򿪲ţһߴ˵ 
ǣûκλӦ 
ʱųϢֻһյɫţԵе 
ͷߴαסϵı顣 
ǣԿ˫´ࡣ 
ְִ˯ˡ 
ְ֡ 
ֺһǰȥ 
ְ֣мӦ 
ӿŲƵŵԱߡ 
ʱİɫų棬СմȾɫա 
֣ 
ְôһ㷴ӦûУ 
Щصͷȥ 
ְ֡ 
һ 
 
ļں̨ 
ף 
СѲ豭ϣͷſһ˵ȡ 
Сôˣ 
־ʵ 
Ȼ־ձѧȴ˵һı 
˸ղһȲ裬һֽӼűݵȱʧ 
õĲҽ 
С˵վ 
־״Ҳվ 
СѸٳ⣬ϣҲͬҽԱܹǰ 
С׷ǣϺ̸ͬʱӿ˽Ų 
־öһϺС˵̫죬ѼһֻԼ֪̬ǱѰ 
 
Слš 
һתǣ㿴ųϢǰ 
°Ͳͣزţƺܵľš 
ʲôˣ 
С嵽ߣʮּеʡ 
ְְ֡֡ 
ۼСǽһԣȻһſųϢ 
ƹ΢˫ֱۣ߽ȥ 
ʽƴ컨ϴʵĹӳڵذϣˮ⡣ 
ڵˮ 
ԱʯС棬˵ 
ʱŵȳζ̲סָסӡ 
ְ֣ 
С䵽ϵ󣬽סһ 
ԭȺԱСĽ̳˽ 
ų 
˲䣬ԱǶͬؾг 
ְ֡ 
СؽлŨü 
Сų 
֧֧ʡ 
ˡ 
Сʧصૡ 
񲻸ŵصͷȥֻϵİɫųѪҺȾһ顣 
üϷһɫСѪˮǸСۣٴ°͡ 
۾΢΢ţײȴǲ壬ʧȥ˹â 
ųǡǱǹɱ𣿡 
ļΪȼͽŶϲš 
š 
СͣͼԼ 
ǣųôȫʪܵأ 
һʣԱǶصȴСش 
ȻˮϾ糡ǸںϣųϢλں̨棬ܻˮ 
Ȼȫȴʪģϻһŵζ 
СûڣһҰ𣺡ڳʲôųôˣ 
׳ʵ 
ô£ 
ʱһѾסСļ򣬲ñʡ 
˵ȥ 
Сõ֡ 
øͨغں˵ЩʲôҿӼŵĹҮ㻹໴ʱҾͿʼųһ̨ˡ˵ҸҲʮĺѣ㾹Ȼ 
 
ĲҽõĻ 
Ȼѳʮ꣬ȴȻֵ൱á 
ôˣ 
ϱסĻŮѡ 
Ǳߡǽϡ 
ָŴ컨ϴĵɫĻ 
СѸٳҡҷŵĻ߹ȥ 
ɲǼ䣬ڳ˶Ŀɿڴ˵ 
ɫǽϷ·צץ¶ɫשγһԼһ߼ġ֡ 
˿֣ϵıʱסˡ 
űѩܻľѿļڣͬʱҲСʼ塣 
ԭůʣϲġ֣ӼԱǵȴǶħһ㡣 
ˣ۷ˮС 
ӼԪѳɳ˳Ĭ 
ױڪġҡһС졯ľӡ 
ȫͣط 
͸ų˵ҪٱݡϷǲҵĻһǹų֮ԻʾŴﶬ俪ʼ˰ 
ĻӡÿԱĿϡ 
ԱǲԼͬתͷؿŲҲ 
Ѿʼˡ졯Ѿ٣С졯졯졯 
˵ 
ûκ˿ֹˡˡǡ㡯䡣 

------------------ 
һ¡һԶ

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1

лл 
С˵߽ӹɻṩĶ 
ѩûոտС˵ллҮ 
һһѩĶ벻ѡ 
һˣйˣȻҪ˵лл 
ѩεָ˵ 
ιѩҺй˹ͨӦûɣ 
һתͷʵ 
һΪԼйε𣿾ȻһֱڿⱾ顭 
ѩüͷָ϶һϥϡ 
ұİ㲻Ǹ߹ңҳĿĺڣҾͻشsightseingsightseeingָ۹𣿡 
ÿʱͨô˵ʵϣϺĿĲǹ۹⣬Ӧ֪ 
ѩû˵ 
֪ѵģԲԣģһͳͳ 
һʮŵͦš 
ԼʮѮѩһסϺıһź 
ᵽԼĸСҾɱ¼УΪɷĿǰΪ´Խ 
ѩ֪̽¸֪һҲٳϺ֮С 
һһ԰¼ġ 
ȻѩѾڣΪ÷ĽһȻ̴Ӧˡ 
ʵһѩûзչԵġ÷ϵһһ롰ĺ϶Ϊһܹϵ˴иպ» 
֮ѩס۵壬򵽷ϺĻƱ 
ںĽ죬һѩĴ£չĵһκΡ 
ۣһ뵽ԳԵз̲סҪˮˡ 
һ¶һģ 
ָϺз 
ûⱾָᵽϺʳʣľϺззззз 
һôֻ뵽 
ֻǳԶѣһ뵽ֵģšҰ¼֮󣬾ҪʼҵġĿġ 
һ˼˵š 
ĿģзĿ֮һĻĿʲô 
ѩؿŽһ 
ûʲôûʲôѩϿϵȫɻҪˡ 
һܿ⡣ 
Ŀġǿɫ鿯Լռѩ塣 
뵽£һ°̲סҪ 


2

һʱܺԱʲôһɻش 
SIGHTSEEING 
úԱġ 
ȻѩҲòﶪΪӺͨţԼοѧļ䱱ҲΪ׼пԡ 
ǿǿڻڵй̨һǮңĲ֪úȥδˡ 
һ˵йЭ£˲ڴǰϺеĹ 
ĵҵյվӰ· 
ѩͽһ˹ָϵ·سĿĵǰ 
ָϵ˵ڵλϺϾ·Ϻ̲һ൱ֵĴ֡ 
ѩ㿴ǿдš¿Ү 
һ˷ܵ˵ű 
һӦɡ¿֡Ŷԡ 
ԡԡ 
һû뵽Ϻһô֡ĳУЩȵزͣĴ 
㷢һЩڶзչб̭Ͼɽ 
һѩе˼ǣǸʽ·¿ȫڰеϣγһ൱صĽ־ 
һȫͷƮֵֽ̯ķߡ 
߷ֿСȥһ˰ԭҸµˮϣȻ߳ȥ 
ֱطǽϣһֹһĽűߡ 
ʱСЦضԽһϻ֡ 
һ򣬽߸ߵضȥЩСֽЦ׷ȥ 
ѩԽһ¶ȻһЦּһ· 
˿̣һҪƵүʻһǰĺһȫµBMWٺ滹һСĦгԼĽ̤ 
һȺװ˵߹һߡ 
ֵڽеĸ¥ãֿ·¸С 
һһѩڽеĴ¥濴һƬյء 
ǰӦǼ幫Ԣ֮Ľ׼Ǵ¥ɣ 
ѩſյϵ˵ 
šϺ 
һ૵š 


3

һǶŷ޵ŶԲԣ 
ѩ˷ܵüֱҪ㵸ˡ 
ʵνġ̲ͷǰᱻӢռǻΪͬ磬֪𣿡 
֪Щ° 
һ˵ţһƨеϡ 
һ˿ŴСͬѩڣĹ֮ԶԸû¡ 
ǣѩĿдʵ˵Ϻ෨硢ӢձżڻŷʽĽˣϺһĳУЩҴָѧġףһôˣ 
Ȼۿѽ֪·ôԶǾ͸ôƳ̳ 
ǣֲ֪ô 
ѩǸεشͷ 
Ȼˣ͸ýǸǲŶԡ 
ǲܵġ 
ΪʲôȻ̽һӴϺðĸϴӣӦӭѽ 
ġ 
ѩҡҡͷ 
ʵϣԼġ 
ʲôô˵ȫ֪ҪϺඣ 
ûȷʵΪ˷Ÿֻһֱǳ֮ǰҶûյĻš 
㡢ˡҲȴ绰ѽ 
ûдʵ绰 
ѽ˵һĲ㡣 
ġͬͣһ൱ƽĺŮ 
⿿ͨǼţĻ˽ıԣ 
Ҳ氡 
ģ 
šԼһǰڶʶ֮ſʼͨŵġһȱ˵ˣ컹ûкڣǸϿļƬɣ 
ѩϴӴóһȻһʯʽǰһơ 
һ̾׼ඣϺз 
һ䣬Ҳ֮ 


4

һѩָϵĵͼڵĿĵػֽ 
ûãһͣںӰߵĴӳһѩ 
Ӽʮ̵ֽذڰߵʯϣĴĽɱݾ糡ȡΪ˾糡 
ѩ͵ 
ǸŮ˾糡𣿡 
һʵ 
šֻˣӼĺأ 
ѩһ˵һߵƱͤȥ볡ȯ 
ҸӼŵձʱʶģѾþûмˣһǸϿ߰ɣ 
ѩһ볡ȯһ󣬱˸߲ҵڴķݡ 
ʱкüվھ糡ڴɫŵضÿһĹڡ 
ЩӦö˵ɱ¼ɣ 
ѩʹսһĶߣ˵ 
ţҲǡ 
Բձ𣿡 
һ߽һѩˣ൱ʵ 
ǡǵġ 
ѩصͷ 
ԲﲻöҪǴǵŽȥ 
ţ 
һָķֻһڻ򺣹һģһĽ̽ڱؿ˵ͨϡ 
⣬ǰߡ 
ָһԵʹ 
ѩôϸĽ䱸£ӦεģŲҪٲֹ⵵ˡ 
һŵʹϣͬʱתͷѩ˵ 
һ˵ֻѵүү𣿡 
ǣүүԾĵطҲֻձڡ 
һǰڷɻʮȫʧˡ 
ʱ뿪ݻʮӣؾڹϯϣһѩ򵽺̨ȥѰԱϢҡ 
ѩһ¡ 
һ߰ߵĲǰͣ½ŲĴڿ档 
ҵӣžдơ֡ǽȥ 
ð 
һѩ˾ػܣȻһ򿪱صĲš 
ȴ컨嵽ǽڣȫȫֵԭòҲֻǼ򵥵չƶѣذҲΪźڹ⡣ 
һѩȻŲţϾɵĵذ廹ǲϸ¸죬ʹȸһɹա 
ǰһӣֿһͬĲš 
ͬǣȲŵĴͿϰɫᣬ˽һ״ 
һߺòã 
ѩ˵ 
ֻʱ򡭡 
ڽһԹʱ򣬲ŵİͻȻת 
״һѩŻŵתܣǵıѾһ˵ŭڸʲô 
ɲǼ䣬ѩһСģذϵˡ 
ѩû¡ۣ 
һû˵꣬Ҳһģ˻ѩ 
һѹ 
⵱һŮǡѩ 
΢ɬ˵ 
ǸŮһͷں㷢ϴһۺɫʽ˿ǳˬƯ 
 
ѩϲؽеͽһһվ 
ѩû뵽ˡҺøŶ 
˵Ҫѩ֡ 
Ȼһȴס˵ãǽһһʹ 
˵ʱʱ죬һĺȻѩһơ 
ѩң 
һָͷ 
ߣ㲻Ҫҵǰ¶һɫ 
ѩݺݵص˽һһۡ 
ѩعһǲΪ⡣ 
ѩķӦͳɡԴסĵװϲš 
֪ΪʲôÿֻҪҺѩһΣǻһЩ鷳¡ǣÿһ£֮ĹϵͻһϺ֮һҴĿġ 
һнţпĺɫװСӡ 
ֻҪһ¾ͺˡʱɵúú÷ӣǧڽҪͷƵŶ 
뵽һɵɵЦ 
һʲôǸԿġ 
˵꣬ѩڽһĺһǡ 


5

յҵ 
ѩ˷ܵؽš 
ţǽյŵġ 
ѩ¶ȻһЦ 
ұ뵽ȥǣԡ 
ûйϵģǿԼοָϣһ·ˣԲԣһ 
˵˵ǲǲһ·𣿡 
ҽԼС֣ҲŲôأ 
𣿲֪˭Īظͷߡ 
λǺòһὲֺҪǵϲȴĪҾܡ 
ʻǷǷĳҮĳ㲻ûᱻܣһûᱻȥأ 
û뵽ϺôΣյĵط 
ѩŵصɴ۾ 
й˵Ϻԣĵط˻ǲ٣ƶ֮Ĳܴ󣬶ձ۹ܱΪǮˡ֮⣬ϺЩطǡᡯ˾ۼĳǸձåһ£Ϊ˰ȫòҪΣյĵطȥ 
ĵš 
šһ컹ǰݵ㣬Ҫٵҹˡ 
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̫ˣ 
ͬػš 
ڸ˭˵ 
˲䣬һ̷Ůһ˵һǱĲ̽ͷ 
ᡭţǸββ˹ѽѩıô˵úġ 
ѩñʺԷȴ֧֧˵һĻ 
Ǹ̷Ů״һЦ˳ 
Ǻá 
¶һڰܵЦ 
һѩ˵൱ȵڵ 
ǲþȣӼѧϰӼձѧֽ־ǽ־Ϳˡָ̡ 
ԭˣѹ˵ôáǵģһ 
һ̫ûòˡԲҽѩıѡûòļһҵѽһһһϿкѽ 
ֲСӣһ梵Ŀ˵ 
һѩͱʾתͷ־¶Ц˵ãǽһһ־Ǹģֱǵϵǡף㲻ڵϳֹأȻôú㡭 
һû˵꣬ѩĺԴһǡ 
һôһμ˽ֻ־Բһʵ̫ûòˡ 
ѩһߵǸһ߶ؿ־ 
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ʵϣ־ǰձ൱ѡ֡ 
˵ 
ˣѡֵ־ǰμӹƥ˶ᡣ 
ѩȻؽе 
ʵҲμӰƥ˶Ѿǰ£û뵽㾹Ȼǵң̫ˣ 
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Ҿ˵Ȼڵϳֹԭѡ֣ѹıֵôáѩһҪ־СѧѧżҲ˶һ 
ߣһκ˶˵ңֻ㲻СԼʱϥǶ¸죬Ըûʸҡ 
㡢ҽҵϥʲôʱ򡭡ۣ 
һ˵һ룬ѩͻȻһѣʱһһģǰ 
ž£ 
ڳ죬̹Ц 
һͷҿҲӼѧ㼼հɣ 
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ʱһҰȻ𣺡־ 
ʲô𣿡 
־ı˲佩Ӳ 
ĿһЩϾֵˣϿȥ׼һ¡ 
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ףôͻȻֵұݣ 
ικβ뿪ǹּ򵥵ıĿкܶԱʤΡ 
⵱һ߸ӵŮͻȻ߹˵־ձѧôôأҿϳݰɣ 
ǸŮ˴Լʮ꣬һˡ 
ðɣʹ־ϳݡ 
¶аЦݣḧ°͡ 
ҲӦƵģͿſں΢΢ 
־𣿡 
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ãһʵͷö̶̵ߵߣ˵һЩ 
ʱ൱˵ص˼仰ǸȻʮȵӦԡ 
һ뿪ҲǸƨƵصͷߡ 
Բˡ 
־ЩΪػصϢȥ 
Ϣϣֻʣ½һѩǸɫʽµˡ 
תͷ˵̣ϵıȴʮᡣ 
Ĭֻǲͣصͷ 
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ѩ˵龭 
˿ѩȻֶֹһЩ 
Բձɣ㲻Ҫ˵Ͽľѡ 
ѩ˵ţȻȴԲһ 
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ǸͻȻų 
ʲôȻ˵Ϊʲô˵ 
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˸ֻת뿪 
ʲô 
ѩҲ޷޲ƽ͡ 
ѩһԲ𡣡 
ڿ˵ 
ǴһĸСÿڱ֮ǰǱȽϲȶǧҪ⡣ 
ԭĸ硣ԲҸղ˵ 
ѩͺ 
ûϵҸ粻áĺܱǸΪ̫ϲձˣԡ 
ӦҲʮѣأʵڲֻǴһˡ 
ѩתƻ⣬ͼεա 
ղŲһΪ˲ͷһԼʮͷŮˣ˭أ 
һʡ 
Կ˵˵һʵЩðʧȴһҲ⡣ 
Ǹ׳飬ǡӼšĹʣƽŵ̨ݡձʱСС鶼ڴڸһǸŮӼŵԱǰձѧҲ˵úܺãͬʱǵʦ 
ԭˡ 
һ˼ģ̲ס˵ǡӼšһֻжʮңǺС͵ӼţÿԱ൱ҪĽɫ 
һûлӦֻǶؿϢҡ 
ǱݵӼǳпͷһϲġȱݽ棬ȻһȥԸˣһ˳Աʶ 
ðŶһԲԣ 
ѩһ½һļŻع 
ǰ 
Ӧһֿʼ˼ 


6

ʱ̨룬СԱɵŮԱԱȥγɵ޺ľ 
־ֱ̨Աǵıͼϣǽǣ˫֡ 
ʱڵĻװ 
һĸڵ֧ôҮ 
ѩڽһ߼˵Ҹղžôۣû뵽Ȼڵֱݣ˲𡣡 
š 
һмشӱƺһ 
ą̃ϵҡҡ׹Ҫʧȥƽˡ 
Ҫˣ 
ڹھִе˲䣬Աȴе˳̨ 
һԱǸһƿ 
˾ȵǣǾȻѴƿ߾ڵϷŮԱǶȥ 
ɲǼ䣬ǶסϢ 
벻ЩƿǵûѹŮԱǣûеڵˤ÷飬ǳ컨߸߾Ľת 
ŹǵĻתƿĽĿҲϡ 
ţŮԱֿʼ̾Ϊֹǹ 
𣡡 
гϢʱս? 
ۣҮ 
ѩ˷ܵơ 
һѱóһݣԱıҮѹĸųֱӴġ濴һʮ꣬ʵ̫ˡ 
̨ϵϻı޲£ɰСȦ 
ŮΪӼŵһԱÿóЦ̨ϱݸӼµһϷտļտһС;ϸѵ 
һȻΪȲɣҲип 
ıݿҪʱһһϡ 
ʹԼʮ꣬һ൱׳˶ˡ 
һӴƤó׼Աǵıݡ 
˿̨̣ϵĲĻ͵ĺ֮ 
֪Ҫʲô 
ѩתͷԽһʵ 
Ϸ 
ڽһԱߵѩʻС˵ 
ǻһˮƵ̨ϣȻԱˮ裬ǸѶȵļŶӼҶѾˣĿô塣ϺһҪݣ㲻СһС㣬͡ 
ô֪ǵ֣ 
һȵɤš 
Ǹʳָ촽ϡ 
꣡ǰǣǲϢǰ̸һʱҾڸѽˣԣ˾ǴձɷӼŵҡָ̡ 
ʵϣһʵ޷øС 
ΪôļϰֻһɫԲ챳ģǰ¶һë 
⣬ͷͺƺҲһʱû˵ʱ¶һڻưһֻĴܡ 
ȻȴȫӶ۹⣬ԹԵؼ̼˵ϷеġˡطԹഫϢںİ˰ĹӼһʮǶϵүү˵ˡĹ 
ô°̨ݣ᲻ᱻأ 
ѩüͷʵ 
Ȼ˵һĻ 
̲סЦ˳ 
ĻˡӼΪѹĿϷҪǳඣ 
ѩͽһĻϽעתƵ̨ȥ 
ûã糡ڵɫش̨ϵĴˮǿˮ⡣ 
ۣƯŶ̨ˮһ 
ѩɵ÷̾ 
ŹǵԱǱ߱Ӽ߳ 
СһԱԱǵЭ£ڰתȻڼûмκĭ´ܽˮ 
ͼӾ£Ӿڵƹҫ⣬·һֵ 
̫ˣ 
ǵĻʱ쳹ѩ 
С䣬ˮֽţȻˮת㲻ͣתԱֽýγɵȦ֮䴩 
һʱ֮䣬ǵ 


7

ӼŵԱÿα󣬱ضᵽ¥͡ 
һѩ£Ҳˡ 
ѩĴե˺ܺóŶ 
һЩեѩ 
лл 
ѩ˵ 
㲻ҪôţһԱὲҶܻӭϺһ㡣 
һԱ΢Ц˵ 
ѩɡɡ 
һѾЮեˣڴڵس 
ߣҲŲôûò 
ˣΪǻһ£λǴձѩͽһһڽһԱߵλҲҵĸС 
΢Ц˵ 
ãǡ 
ѩúýԼȻСҲû˵ȥ 
״εؾ̾һǸȻŽһѩ˵ԲǲҪ⡣ڸԱߵʯȻͷ࣬ʮֻ꣬ȸһѡ 
ֻǶͷȽϿһ㣬ûͺͷŶ 
ͺ 
˵ȻǺ˼ȴ൱ 
ոҲбݡϷ 
ѩȻؽе 
ûʵϣ˵ӾļҿԱ߸͵ģСӾ֮أ 
ֳ磬СһԶһ 
ڴԱߵ־ǸղѾˡƯСҵӾҲԱǵʦ 
ӭǵϺ档 
΢΢صͷ 
ڵձ׳һʮʱѾǱŵϹʡ 
ʮ𾴵ؿá 
̧׵°ͣЦ˵ӭϺˣסһùݣ񣬴㿪ҵĳǻȥɣ 
΢Цصͷ 
ˣΪǻûоҪͶļùݡȳԹٵùȥ 
ѩʮֿܡ 
ǿɲУǾôȥĻ˵ᶩ䡣 
ҺѩҪ¶Ұˡ 
һĿȻեˣȴ˵ 
ȻˣǲѾӪùȥ 
˵ţóж绰ʼš 
Է̸ӵʱ䣬Ͱһ鶼㶨ˡ 
ھԼʮӳ̵ĵطһΪ۴󷹵ꡯùݣǾס503ŷһ»Ὺǹȥ 
ллĺлл㡣 
ѩһٶл 
ȻһȴֻõͷԹԵسեˡ 
ʱС¶Цݣűñ䳰ȷ 
С˵ʲôҿȥĸʮĺѣСʱһ㡭 
ŭ˵Сıٿһ䣬˵ȥ 
øŭɶֻһӶȥײСǽϣֱӱˤ÷顣 
㲻Ҫ 
æվֹá 
ԭȷǳ÷˵߶Լϣʱ𹥻ìͷһõصС 
Ȱ˵С 
ոձݽĿ֮ǰܵСѵ룬ȻȴˡǰСãһ梵ܡޣβ͸Һѩ˵һ 
һ뵽Ĳһʹ 
ѩͽһ¶Ц׼Ա 
ԲǵԱһЩֵˡһλǡ 
ղڽĿʵʱҾѾλҽܹˣֱӽϡ 
һ߽եˣһߺ˵ 
ͷĿԼߵˡ 
ӼŵԪϣȻѾʮ꣬żą̊́ݣҲˣӼ⣬ͬϵ֪ʶ൱ԨϺ˵֪һһλȭأ 
ٺٺ٣λãܸʶǡ 
ʮָ˵üͷ 
һѩϻ̨ݣ¶ŵı顣 
ϼ״Цúϲ£졣 
ǺǺǣϰԭձľʿ֣ҵ˵û 
һڲ裬˵ǰϺһձ磬ձ˾סĵطϰ־ǸʱϺġǵ֮Ҿͱĸ׵ȥˡ 
Ϸ绯 
һֹͣЮ˵Ķר 
⵱Ϊһѩơ 
ҲȾҮ 
ѩɫ˵ 
ϴƣֻһûйϵġ 
ѩô˵㲻˼ܾĺ⡣ 
ϲˡ 
ŮһԲϣת뿪 
ʲô 
һ̽ʵ 
㡯Ƚը𽴣൱ɿڡ 
־Ÿ˵꣬һ϶ӡ 
ţĺܺóԡιѩϿԡӴ 
һ˵һ룬ѩÿôֱ 
һҶûһ˴سǶ 
һû뷴ʱһޱĸߴ˹ԱĿ⸩С˵˼䱱 
СʾػصһЩ 
̾һ¡ 
һͻȻ˵ 
ԣǸ߸˵ıʱһ䡣 
̾˵Բԣｲ𣿡 
ô֪֪̾һὲ 
һԵѩȻҲ̲ס˵Ǿ֪ġ̾һձǼ̽һӣü춼޲ߵİأˣһô֪̾ 
ѽŲʲôΪλ̾ͬ͡ҵһԲ֪֡Ȼ㿴λͬҵأ 
־٣ 
ѩֵصɴ۾ 
־һɦͷһ߹ 
˵ûκ˷£ȻһԷǾͱʾλ̾һὲŶԡ 
һֽһ˵ 
ôû뵽ñ̸̾أ 
־ɻʡ 
֣ûκαȫƾԼٵ̾ԣǲܷ¶衣 
һ˵꣬־ִͷһ¡ 


8

Թ󣬽һѩסڡ۴󷹵ꡱ־һɴʻıʿ׼ǰùݡ 
Ӽ׬˲Ǯɣ 
һʺĳ˵ 
ʵϣֻǮˣǶǳ 
Ц˵ 
һ̽һ𣿸ղǸ̵ֳֶģʲô˰ 
ڳӺ־ؼ䡣 
˵־ʵһΪԭġձԹµϵġԺʱ﷢һɱ¼Ŵ游Ƿݾ˵ҳסԴǴ¼֮󣬽־پ൱ҵĻǷӦ 
һЩ̧°͡ 
ǣ־ôܵϺ 
ѩʵ 
ո˵绰ùҡִϺĦϰܲСɱ˵¼ɣ 
һô֪£ 
ؿŽһ 
˵ġʲô𣿡 
 
񣬶Բû뵽ѩĻΪר̵Ϻ 
˼صͷ 
ǲǸ鷳ˣ 
ѩʡ 
û£ĺܸϺ 
ĻɲԸйɱ飿 
һͷѯ 
⡭ 
ʱ־Щԥ˵ҿ¾˵ɣ֮ǰ 


9

ڡ˾糡йݺ󲻾ã㱻˷ֳųϢ 
ȫʪ֮⣬Ϸһȳζ 
ΪԱֻҪһųͻ᲻ؽÿӼʽʱųϰߴųϢ͸¼Ӱۿǵıݡıݽ֮һȥųȴϣͷӵ䴩 
־˵סͣѹ˵ 
ԭΪְ˯ˣԲǰȥȴû뵽ȫѪʱŵò֪ôźá 
ɫصصͷ 
ʱҸСһϢĽСһܹȥֻųϢҵǰ 
Ƿʬʱ򣬵ӻǿŵ𣿡 
һʵ 
ĬĬҡͷ 
ôֵǹûֳ 
ûСҪ˵ųϢң糡ҲһǹˣЩƲѾֶˡ 
־üͷ˵ 
˵δ̫ǣǿˡ˾糡һָĽɵģӺ̨Ϣ֮伸ֵԭûһȴǿŵģҪǹͱӺ̨ߵȥҴֻһڣҳڱڼ䶼ġǷųʬʱźͳȻڹ֮ǰû˵档 
߿߲˵ 
˼˵ֲܰǹȥ 
һʵ 
ԵͷĻش 
ǲνġʧٵ֮ա͡ȫʪ͸ʬ֮աඣһʲô 
ѩĽһļ 
ڻ¶ۡ 
˵꣬һ˫ֽԺ 
ʱ־ͻȻʲôµ˵˵գҵһ˷ѽ¡ųϢҽǽϣǷһݳһ߼ġ֡ʵҲ˽ⴺֵ˼ǣԱһ֣¶µ飬˵ųǡˡµ䡣 
˵ġˡָϷеǸ𣿡 
ǰԱǺֽ֪йصĿֲ˵ҵʱȫһֱﻹʲôﶬġ 
˼ԹĴ˵пԭǣԱҲе˿־ĻǾʵ̫˼ˡĪӼŸ˵֮Ųɸ˵ܣ 
һֹͣ˼ͷ־˵ﶬʲô˼ 
Ҳ֪Ү 
͸Ӿ˸󣬲ſڽ˵˵һסˡ֮裬ʫڴﶬļѡ˵ġ 
ʫǷйʫԼԾ䣿 
ѩʡ 
ǣ˵ҡʫ 
˵ͷ˺һ 
ˣ۷ˮС 
Ȼų䱱 
ʲô˼ 
һؿŴ 
ʫ˼ָһС㿪ʼںƯ 
ѩһȻػƽеûաһѶϢ 
ѵʫеСָ˾糡֣ǽʫݣӰɱ¼𣿣 
һв˼ 
֪ʫ𣿿ɲ 
˼һӣȻԽһҡҡͷ 
ʱ˵룬ӦöóΪǲһϺѾкóһʱˡ 
ףǲǴСһֱסϺ𣿡 
ʵϣסһϺ൱ңԶҪʡ߽Ӽ 
˵ţ۹򳵴⡣ 
ΪǴӵηݺ̫ߣ޷ũֻÿѧϰֿڷԡˣÿѡȫѲرݵĴ񣬾͵ͬʱǵΡ 
̾˵ʵǵĴǴ󲿷ݶǴӸضƶֱڣ˼һǻС͵ǴӣЩСǾڴѧϰӼΪӹǰŵϺݵģҲѣԹһĴ˵ǶǺ 
ùݵˡ 
˲ã񽫱ʿͣڡ۴󷹵ꡱǰ 
ǽһȴ˿û³˼˵ǸΪʲôһҧСأ 
Ϊ 
ֹ־˵ֻСųɱʱûвڳ֤ 
ԭˡôųʲôʱɱģ 
һ׷ʵ 
ݹʶεжϣڱݽĿʼһСʱҲߵʮңʱǵıݸպýегʱ䡣ΪĿʼ֮ʮңϻųͨԹжӦûд죬ŮԱ٣еŮԱǶϳݣһӵжʱ䶼ûУԱڽĿеб븺Զӵвڳֻ֤СųɱʱպΪŲ΢ˣ뿪̨ȥ 
᲻йܵųϢȥ 
ѩʵ 
־ҡҡͷ˵ڱݽĿʼ֮󣬺̨ϻԳ֮Ķڴڸܽ 
ôֻ᲻ڿǰȥɱ˺뿪أ 
ҲܡΪֻ̨һڶѣȻ˺ܶ࣬Ա˳ں̨һע⵽ġοڹָʾ£û뿪̨ں̨ĹԱУܻ˼С 
š 
һ׼Ҫһ⡣ 
³𣿡 
Щͷʡ 
һԥһž³ 
Ҳ³ 
һóѩңвͣ 
ѩؿȥ 
С׳顢־ʯԣ˾ 
һϸЩ 
ƽһǼǲ˵ֻ˽ܹһΣȻͰͬԱȫˡ 
ˣ۷ˮС 
ȻһҲŸոתʫһΣȴñϿڡ 
ʵϣһڿҵǿȻڽɱ¼ʱȴܷӾ˵ļ 
ѩؿ¶Цݡ 
һ̣һͻȻתͷѩĿӡ 
ѩôˣ 
ѩûлشֻǴ΢Цҡҡͷ 
ÿһר˼ʱѩܻĬزȥ 
һŨüʼ˼š 
־ùݴԼԿףҪԼķʱһס 
Բһһ⡣ 
ʰɣ 
ʱʲôطЩʲô£ 
һֱںָ̨ԱӦöһֱڹϯϡڽĿǰ뿪̨֮Ҹ̰ѳ 
 
һ˼Ӻ󣬲˵־㲻Ļһһ⡣ 
־̾漴¶ε˵ʲô⣿ 
֪ʲôǹɱų𣿡 
˵ǵָǹ 
ָ񣿡 
㲻֪𣿵ָǹǵʱֿͳɱǹһǹԲ档 
ǹ 
־һ˼˺һ̲סʵܸ˰ɣ 
š 
һµصͷĿ־ıӰ뿪 


10

ܾǰĳһ￴຦ºڰǴԭʼʱʡ 
ˣôڵһѾʧȥʡ 
ΪյĺڰСȻ÷ǳ 
ֻҪһ֮ǰһֵ̤ʱͷǻһֿܵĸо 
ǮܡħУһЩʱԶĹŴż 
һΣաϺǶڵҶԣȴȫĵط 
յĺ֣ź졢ɫ޺ƣ˿ԿϺһַò 
ڲʮһ£ȴ⡣ 
ҲתΪòñӺ׿Ȼࡣ 
һСģҵЬݽ˵ѷˮӡ 
ͣ½Ų´Ьơ 
ЩϾɵĽ֮䣬Ϸζѻɽȴûȥ 
⣬ڻ谵Ľֵ£һЩ޼ҿɹ˺׾ 
룬ûرȥעȺ˺ǴҲ⵽͡ 
Щ˺ֻǹӲдػȥ顣 
ڣҶҲеı 
Ҵ˺ǵ۾ԿóƺϵԼմʧϣԼһʼͲڡ 
ڵҲһ̬ 
һӶ֪Ǹֲʵ˲С 
һ뵽ԼȻЩ˺޵ֵزʱве¡ 
ȻҲҪɱˣǣɱ˶޷һ˲ȡ 
һҪ𣡡 
ѾģΪ׼ȫΪһʧɱ˼ƻҲһӡ 
ǰĳһ죬ҵĸƻչˡ 
죬ʬˮ۵ˮȻ侲 
Դ֮Ҿýɵļ⣬Ӧþΰ򵥣Ҳ֪ԼҪϷ 
һ鶼˳ذҵļƻţ¸ǰ׼ҲѾʼС 
Ҳ긴磬ԼҲӹɵƲãԵõҪĶ 
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģҲŻһ̤һ˾Բ῿ĺ֡ 
ǰðΣʱò״ҪĶڣɸƻһüĿ 
ƻѾʼУҾԲٻͷˡ 
κ˶޷ֹԼҲûа취 
е鶼е൱˳һСС 
Ǹнһձˡ 
ҵĵĲʶձ죬ҲΪ̽ӣǲ֪ΪʲôֻҪһ۾ͻһĪĲӹĵס 
ֻҪһһʰԹԵձȥ 
ٲеĻҾ͡ 
һعԼѾĿĵǰ 
һλСӻĴ¥һ¥ڵϾҩꡣ 
ҩǰɹɵҩݺҩĵȣϺԿľۡ 
߽ƿƿ޹ޡûխһŵĳζ漴˱Ƕ 
ҺһŻŮ˲ҩΪݵأ 
ʵϣҩרṩ˽ҩ鱨ڰӣʱҲṩ˿ڵĳͻЩ·Ƿǡ 
֮Իҵȫһڽֽǵ˺ҵġ 
Ǹ˺Ҵû棬֪ǴģؾŸҪǮ 
ҸһЩǮͼߵ顣 
û뵽˺ңҪ߳ҩɡͷ͵ɣ 
Ҫ󣬽˺˻Ƶ԰Ц 
ָҪһԪȻŸҵλá 
߽󣬿һ۾խְĽ 
Ǹҩϰ塣 
һվܲͷһ߶һߵ档 
ӣŻǵˡ 
Ҹǰһſֺ̫۾ֹĴ磬Ҳˡ 
һʱ䣬һһ߳ 
ʱƵһֽ 
˶˵ֱӰǸֽݸҡ 
ȷֽмӲĶ󣬱Ѹս׵Ŀڴ 
ţҴͬһڴóֽңĬĬؽ漴ת뿪 
Ȼһֱҿٵ߳⡣ 
ǰߣһֱߵһڰ֮󣬺òײһ 
Ҵӿڴóֽʱֽ﷢һĦ 
ɻͭǦƳɵӵʵҪࡣ 
ȷһӵĿȴֱһ 
νֻҪû̫鷳Ҳܽӵȫꡣ 
ҽӵİֽ̯ڽֵƵš 
ӵΪЧһںĳʱ䣬ҵļƻˡ 
죬һòȡж 
Ҵһڴóһѿģųơǹĵָǹ 
Ұӵװָǹﲻɵòһ˷ܸС 
ͻֵڶʬˣһɱΪġˡġ 
뵽̲סЦ 
ǰѵָǹڽֵƵ£ϷųĹâ 


11

һѩͶ޵۴󷹵꣬һѾʮʷϾùݡ 
ǴԼϾŵҵùݡ 
ʱ䲻ˣһ¥ľưȻĿľʿ֣ĿҲﲻ 
Ӵȵͷһ·ϣԣùװ൱ûʣɢŷǿֳµĹϺζ 
һѩķ¶÷䣬ϴ֮󣬾͸׼˯ˡ 
Ȼʮ㣬һȴǳٳ޷ߡ 
Ϊֻ˯µѩ߶ʧߣһֱ˼һ顣 
һĬĬض컨ƣһѩ˯ˡ 
ԺͼΣÿһֿԡ 
ʧ 
һ 
ʱһӺ̨Ψһڣһʾž糡һҺֵļ̲š 
͵һֻۣڲ˻ʽ 
ֲܴжǸ¼ʱ̨ȫҵ״̬ 
־˵ųʬڱݽĿ֮󱻷ֵģ·֮󣬸ûκ˴Ӻ̨뿪 
⣬֤ʵһֱ 
һɦͷ 
ˣֻ᲻йæ 
һֵ涪ǹʱһȹȵֻʱٴ򿪡 
һͷ˼漴ְҡҡͷ 
˵ͨǶʱڣһֱվڳڸֻһĽע⡣˵һ񾭳˽ֻҪĳΪ죬һע⵽ġ֮⣬ƽҲ˻ڱ֮ߵȥһΪ˲ûע⵽Ŷԡ 
ʱ˯һŴϵѩͻȻ˸һ˼Ҳжϡ 
ֱѩǾȵ󣬽һŷĵ˿ 
Ϊʲô϶ֽǹȥʲôƶأΰǹûдĺ̨ȥ 
һгʡ 
һʲô֤ݣŸƶϡ 
ɲǼ䣬һͻȻЩޡ 
ΪʲôҲ֪Ǹ֤ݾʲôأ 
 
ﳤ̾һ´ 
ԱһֻѩȻ˯ 
ˣȥϸ 
һߵűߣ׼ҪЬ 
һ˲䣬һе 
ָǹһֿȫСǹԸ㲻ְͰߣֱӡԹŻжӦǰǹȥ 
һΪⳳѩŵߵ 
һϲһš 
ǣΪʲôҪأָǹԶͰʹôӦûҲеͨŶԡôһֹӵָǹϲ˿ 
˷ѽ⣡ 
һؽüͷ 
벻ͨʻֻһ㣬ԱǾȻв? 
ڹƶϵʱֻСһûвڳ֤ 
СֵĻһͺܺýˡ 
뵽һ㣬һȴָоЩԾ 
С֡ѵڱݽĿУѡԱвڳ֤ȴûΪԼòڳ֤ɱ𣿣 
Դˣһе൱ɡ 
ȻСų׹⣬ǰͺޱһ棬Ҳͺ޵ 
˵ձҲɱ˻֮ɱ¼ 
Ǹˣôɱ˵ʱӦûһЩΪΪǮʱɱ¼Ŷԡ 
Сһʱ嶯ɱ˵Ļֻһûвڳ֤״ܵõĽ͡ 
һ££·ߵϴ̨ǰϴ֡ 
ּ軹ǲ̫ܻᷢΪѾǰ׼ 
ָǹ 
һš 
ǰѱɱֿͳġǹȫʪܣһһȳζʬ塣Ǹ˵еĹˡԼ߳ҡųϢҵǽϵġ֮֡졢졢졭ѵζɱ˵жȥߡ 
һ˦ϵˮ 
֮ܶȥ׵һ¾糡ĺ̨Ϊе鶼Ǵ￪ʼġ 
һ𽥸еصƤӲ߳ 
ף 
ʱֽŵƺһʪظС 
ʲô 
һͷȥŵ档 
ֻԭǺɫĵ̺ʱȴ˺ɫ⣬Ϸһȳζ 
һָͷ棬ŷſܺ񶼱ʪˡ 
ʱԺȻһ뷨 
ųɱֳҲȳζˮʪѵ 
˳𣿡 
һߵſڣش 
ǣⲢûκˡ 
һ򿪡 
һӰҲûС 
Ȼһȵĵذʱȫ˸¡ 
ԭȵĵذϾȻɢһЩʪĽӡ 
һ״ŷԿףϡ 
һ澯ػܣһ׷ѭЩӡǰߡ 
һЩĽӡߣݿڡ 
˵ǸǴڲѾ֣ʪҺѩķſڣȻֻʪˮǱǵķٴˮֱΡ 
ۣ 
ʱһһɾ޴Ŀ־֣æתܻطȥ 
ԿײԿ׿һתȴҲתŰѡ 
ˣѩڷ档 
һ󾪿ָѸٴܹһȫ 
һԿ׿סˡ 
һš 
ѩ 
ŵش 
һʲô 
ѩ˯شš 
ǵģѾʮˣ㻹ܵȥʲô 
ѩ۾вֹͣš 
ûʲôֻǳȥ͸͸ѡ 
һѩƽºһ 
͸ذôʪʪģһûŵһȳζ 
ԲҲСĽһЩˮ 
һѩЦ 
ǣˮôȳζ 
㡢һֱ˯ţͰѴӶȫȥˣ 
һ㵽˵ʲô 
ѩȻһ˵Щʲô˯ŨĹϵҡҡλεɻشȥ 
ǵģ 
˵仰Ӽ˯ 
ǲҪѩ֪±ȽϺãе־塣 
һؿѩ˯ 
ҲֻǼٰɡˡѡߣȻѾȶʾҾһҪ׾ 
һͷȼǰδеĶ־ 
һԡɵϵˮóԡĹˮڵȥȳζ 
ǿɶļһСҴùģߣŶûУ 
һг 

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ڶ¡׹ʬ

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1

Ӵһ 
־ùݴһ߻֣һߴС 
֣ҪСеǶձ˵ 
һ˵ 
һ̫ûòˣ־ص㵽糡ȥҮ 
ûϵ룬Ϊһֱ㣬һҹû˯ãǳӡһ˵ûɣ 
־ٱߵ٩Ľһı 
ŲأΪ 
һʹս־ٵĶߣϷ˵һ顣 
ףѲǰɱ¼йأ 
֣Ҳ˵ 
š㲻Ǽ̾ձľʵϰһʱ䣬ʱҸĽܺãȥǾȫʪ͸ʬ壬Լǽϵġ֣ҶѾ˵ˡ 
ԭˡ 
ˣ˵ǸСɷ 
ǣҾûô򵥡 
ҾĸӦòɱ˲Ŷԡ 
ѩһǵ̸̲ס˵ 
ҵʵᡣ 
һм˵ 
ô˵ 
ѩݺݵصŽһ 
֣֪ҾǱѩӲϺ׵ġ 
һ¶εı顣 
ҽԼϲε˵ҪϺɡĿġ 
Ŀģ 
־ٺɵؿŽһûʲô 
һͼЦ飬Ѹһ̵ܳ 
󣬽־ٺѩҲ߳ȥ 
ʱһдšѲ߳ͣ棬׼ͽһˡ 
û뵽Ѳ߳Ȼи˹ı־ 
һŵصɴ۾ 
ʵϺе¹Ĺ֮⣬ձʱҲͶ賧 
־ٽ͵ 
һšӦһһͷѲ߳ĺ 


2

ˣ֣ôᵽϺ 
Ȼ־ʮһ绰һҲֻԼýг̾͹Ҷϵ绰Խһٳ޷֪ԭ 
ʵϣΪʮǰڶһʬʬİӶġ 
 
һѩ˾㵵ػһۡ 
ʮǰڶ˷һ߱ʬװܽڵʬǸʱһһûʲô참ľ죬е൱֡ԭ˰챾Ҳ׷顣ֱðһɷˣӲһüĿ 
Ǹɷ˭ 
һĿȻʣʵԺѾֳĳ˵Ӱ 
׳顣 
־ٻ˵ 
Ȼһģһ 
һ̣һԺ 
˵أȻǴһйؾѧ֤ĵӽĿеġһ֪ʲôǡա𣿡 
ǲָ֮Ķͷϣʹ˵Ŀֵַ 
ûǸĿλǼʬı߸պòû뵽֮һṩ˵кصһʧְԱһǰңڲߵʵ֡ǻǲǵõʱ¼־Ȼ󲨣 
ţҺڵ糵Ĺ濴Ͽ򱨵 
ѩͷ˵ 
ǻ֮챾ͼѲ飬кصľҲЭѭ׷鵽һ׳ɷ 
ɱ֮ٿʬ˵𣿡 
һʡ 
һǻ޷ȷֻĿָ֤õɷȫſſı̧ϳӶѡ˵ⶼѾʮǰ飬Ҳûȷе֤ݣȵϺҵãֻܹˡ 
־ٴεĿ˵ 
ãѲ߳Ѿ˾糡ǰ 
糡ڴȻͣ˼Ѳ߳⻹мͬдšĦгͣ 
Ѳ߳컹ࡣ 
ѩ˵ 
Ϊ죬ĿʮһֱеϾŵ㣬ټ۹൱࣬˾κⷢ 
־ٱ˵Ĺǻ 
˿̣ӼųԱİʿҲպõִ 
Ա³󣬽ЩĶǴһ 
߹Ľ̽ǵҲþֹ顣 
ֻˣЩͬҲܼ⡣ 
𣡡 
ɲǼ䣬ϻԴ󷢵ضŹŭ 
ḧϻ͵ϻèһԹԵصͷ 
 
ѩĳޣ΢Цض֡ 
־٣ҵþˡ 
̾к 
̾汧Ǹˡˣ°һ£ҵġšһ㽻Ľһһѩ 
һѩ˶̾˸ 
λáǽһ𣿽־ٸٹ飬˵Ǹǳꡣ 
̾Ǽһ˿Цݡ 
 
һεЦ 
ʱ̾Ȼ˵ǣָ澯참ձҲеͨйɲҵ㡣 
˵ţ̾ת糡ȥ 


3

뿪ʱ仹Сʱʱ̨ա 
ֲ軹ͦġ 
һݵ򻨲裬̾ 
ţĺܺúȡ 
ѩҲһԸ͵ 
ûаĺòдǣֻܳҸҲϲ򻨲һǰڴʱҲֲ衭˻ζ 
ͷ򻨲裬Եʮį 
ǰŸңȴȻμݳˡ 
ѩϧ˵ 
ʵֻҪһϳݣͿȴ಻飬鷴̹һ㡣 
ˣĸǸʲô˰ 
ѩʵ 
΢΢üͷƽ˵һܿµˣҾʱضСǱϰһֱȫ˺۲ϢټһֵòãԾְÿһζСͦңҲͰְִַԴҶΪǸӵĹϵãǡʵġ 
˵Ŀʼɳ 
ְֻǶҺСԱһϸˣΪųӦе̬ȣСҲ˽Բܻɱְ֡ 
ﲻˮ 
ûڽһѩǰֳɥ֮ʹڽеıʹй 
 
ѩۿҲ⡣ 
־ɲԴҵ̨ȥ 
һ־պôԾվ˵ 
ʵϣһڴգΪֻҪŮһᣬͲ֪Ǻˡ 
˾糡ɺĽɣ˺̨ռ˺ܴĿռ䡣 
̨̨֮Դ컨崹ĲĻģ̨·ǿĹϯ 
ɫɫĵƹ豸ҵؼڸʵ컨ϣЩƹ豸ܻװ׳ơͨ塣 
ÿ֮䶼һξ룬ùԱԵƹ豸 
̨һ޴ˮۣҲӼűݡϷʱʹõĵߡ 
̨һȣкüϢҡ 
־ǿԹȥǱ߿𣿡 
ײĻһֻҵġ 
Ȼ־Ļ͸¶ܾ˼һǲĵ˵뿴Ǽ䷢ųϢҡ 
־һǸȥɵģֻΪѵشӦ 
ߵȾͷתǴųϢҡ 
һԭֵĸ߼ͷǰһˮװΡ 
֮ӼȻװϢңܲˮۿյظǶ˱㽫ˮװˮһЩˮݺ 
һǰˮ档 
ûлˮĹϵˮˣһȳζ㲻־ˮųʬϡ 
һ߽ųϢңֻѾøɸɾ˿о˵ɱ¼ 
Ȼһߵ䣬ɫĻʱǽϵġֺȻӳС 
֮󣬻졢졢졭 
뵽һĲһ 
㿴𣿡 
־ʵ 
һͷת뿪 


4

һֳ󣬽˵ҪȥϸҪ־ߡ 
Ϊ˲־ɣһȽȥ档 
Ͱ൱Ͼɵĳˮ豸ԣָ͵ǹӦÿԺ˳رˮߡ 
˰ΣһСشӲ߳ 
ֱȷ־Ѿ뿪һ 
һ־ᱻ˹֧ҪԼж 
ŵߵһҡ1023ͭƵϢǰ 
ĻҾͼװߴ䣬ȻϿܾˡ 
ַŰϣŲδһת 
ۣ 
һɵü 
ǸϢСԱڣֻǲˣһͷ˿˻ɢϻֻϻȻûй 
һŵøϽţȻع֮󣬲ĵؽŴһ졣 
ϸһŷֻϻʵѾӸס 
ԭ㶯ðԡ 
һһһ淭˷ڴӿڴҵձʳ⳦ 
׼ȥ볦ϻʱһɳȻԱ𣺡ι 
һŵϵ⳦Ҳڵϡ 
˶󣬲ŻͷһֻƵԼ΢Ц 
ϣ 
һظ˵ 
ŶԲֻֻϻԴ󷢣˳Ե⳦֮⣬Ҳһȥ 
¶ưЦ 
ϣ˵𣿡 
ǿЦֻܹѵϻֻʬʳĶѣԲҳ˸ʳ˵Ҳûм⣬ǺǺǡ 
ʱѩĽ𣺡һܵȥˣҵҲˡ 
ѩСܹܲ־Ҳһ߹ 
Բǵһ¾ҪʼˣҪ뿪̨ 
ôæҪкǣǱǸһ߰ɣ 
˵꣬ѩŽһǰߡ 
һ˲䣬һĵزһʣ˼עͱϢԱǵȥ 


5

Ҫʼˣ㾹Ȼ⵵£ҵŮˡ 
ŭһ˦ 
ʱȫصˤڵذϡ 
ιÿڱ֮ǰɶҪҮ 
ҺۣûǸ顣Ͽ촩·ȥ׼׼ 
Ȼڵذϣ˿û˼ 
ߣҿǸˡɣΪϷųĵӣˡ¸ĿĻǿ϶ˡ 
ɵˣ뿴ԽʱĹôܻõָǹɱˣ 
ǣһӼġ˴˵ΪǷʮǰһĳǹŶˣҺҲһأ 
ۼõı淢Ӳӿܵ۾ųһЦ˵˵ǸŮ˵Ӿһ˵һҮǸ˵ͼϵƬ˵㣬Ϳ㻹񰡣Ƕһѣҡ 
ס죡 
ϰױݴĽ£ݺݵسȥ 
˵ҲͦѧϢģԲԣ⸱ԣ뵱ҲձѧѧձѧأҪ㣬Ҳ䵽ҪӼ˵һٱõƣǵҡ 
㵽׻ʲôҪǮҪκζҲǶ𣿡 
ߣֻҪһòŮˣǮߡԴ־ӼźұݵĻ˺ܶ࣬˳ǿˣԲԣ 
ס죡 
첱Ӵֵشһơ 
ҪҵҾҪ̨ˡ 
סգصÿ 
£ҹȥ 
ôֻøϽý£ȴԴţңҾͰʮǰͳͳ߾⣬һҪӼвȫ˵ߣһȥǸ־ٸ״ţ;Կ 
Щݻ뿪Ϣҡ 
˫ֱͷȻصϡ 
ʵãԼҲΪһֱֽзǷͬ˲׵ɱȻе顣 
ձѾҺʮǰ¼йأԲŻܵϺе顣ԭΪһжѾƽ˾ˣȴ 
ÿյʹͷ 
˭ɱ 
ӼŵԱУֻҡǸӼǸ֪Ǽ£ǣʱǸȷʵڴԲɱ 
ѵǡǸˡɵģǸˡûҲûôߵǻʬ϶ֽšô˵Ƿֵеɱඣ 
˭أΪʲôҪ 
ɶ񣡡 
յսȭͷ 
һҪھץ֮ǰΪǿ 
ÿֱһۣ˵ʮ֣뿪һʱ䡣 
ˣȥ͸͸鰲ҾǸ־ٵǰ¶ 
ڿϲĺˮ 


6

˿ʮ֣ϯϵĵƹ 
Ϳ쿪ˡ 
ѩڽһԱ˵ 
š 
һ̵ӦһȻһ 
һôǷˣ 
ͻȻûͷûԵðһƨڽһڵλϡ 
ġ 
һЦţµµˣͬʱѩķŲȥһ㡣 
ۼ﷢ˣЦ˵㲻ҪôǶձˣ𣿡 
ûѽֻ΢һ㡭 
һһЩȥ 
ιû뵽㾹Ȼ̽һӣһ˵רǰ﷢˵Ǽ˷˼ȫʪ͸ʬ塢ǽϵġ֡ڿС˵һˣڵôⶼ⿪𣿡 
ûУһչҲûСʵϣҸողȥֳǳǽϵġ֮⣬ʲôҲûС 
һΪԼƵ׮ôҾĿԴඣȻ־н飬йձúΪ֮ǧù㣬ʱǿǲͻձŶ 
ߣȻҲ֪ӼŵĿĺڣСһ㣬Ҫ̫һĿ˵㡣 
һʾط 
һ˵⻰ʲô˼ 
ʱһܵĹâ 
һ̲סϸǰˡ 
ҲΪζƵݣѺɾװһµĻҲһʮ־ס 
ⷽһ룬һȻһĽʵ֮⣬ȫ»ɢһַǱѰϢ 
ԲΪҪӼŶϺģһĿģԲԣ 
ŶΪʲôô룿 
ʱ¶ֵɵЦݡ 
㿴֣֪ձٵһ˲䣬ɫˡ˵Ϊ˱ӼŶôԶĵط־˵ʵ̫ˡʵ˵ǲ֪ʲôĻϢ㲻Ļܸܲң 
ȻͨˡûҶӼŲûȤ֪Ӽŵһ档 
һ棿 
šҲܸ㣬ȤĻԼȥһ顣ǣСĲҪץŶ 
һ£㡭 
һȿл˵ 
һֱһԿŽһ˴ǹལѩͻȻشϽһĻ 
һȻˣǹԹԵذ̨ 
ûãɫ̨ɫƹ̨ 
Ϸ 
һɵý˳ 
Ϊ֪ɫƹӦֻڱǸѹĿʱŻϡ 
ѩҲͬʣֻطİĽĿֲᡣ 
֣ĿֲҲдšϷűݵİ 
ѩš 
ݽĿб䶯ոй㲥𣿰 
˵ﲻԼԴһ¡ 
ΪͻȻʧ٣ԽĽĿ̵ñ䶯һ£ǾȱݡϷͻѹĽĿ 
ʧ٣ 
һȵطʵ 
ûʲô˵ģһָóˡ˵Ҳ֪ЩʲôôƯŮ˾ȻǸʵһʮ֮á 
ʼˡ 
ѩĽĻ 
ҲԼͬؽĿתƵ̨ϣֻԱ̨ٿطֳҵ 
ףΪʲôֻ˱ݣֻʧٶ𣿣 
һһƣֻ̨ʹڱݡ 
ѵСҲ𣿣 
һɻ 
ʱ򣬴һˮˮ㲻ͣתݸָѶȵӾ 
ʱǵĻ͹쳹糡 
ţҲԾˮС 
ô׳ֱ۱г 
˵ʱʱ죬һ޴˲̨Ϸ 
ڳ̫ˮˮһŵĹϡ 
 
Щھ㵵ؼЩĿɿڴؿһĻ 
ƿǸ壬ҲѭˮΡ 
ã˶ˮ棬ץסˮ۵ıԵ 
ɫƹ£һֶˮɢ 
Ѫ 
һ̲ס˸ 
˼ӣˮһ˳ˮظ 
ۣˣ 
ϯ˴г 
һ־糡﷢⣬̰ѳȫֳֹûӴܡ 
ڹ޷뿪糡ֺҳһš 
ʹ״Ҳ˲Ǳæˮ 
ˮƽ׵Ҳˮ档 
ĲϲһΧͷӰ뿪΢³ 
ǡġ 
дʵڵ 
̫ˡ 
ѩŵýץסɽһֱۡ 


7

ϸļʶȷǱǹɱġ 
һңйھѹ󣬶ɶ׼뿪 
ʱԱǺͽһѩڹϯϵȹѲжһ䡣 
ֳһɱգڽһпԱǵĿ־ƺڱ֮顣 
ӼһвΪ֪ܡ 
һһֱ뷨 
ع۲ܣֻһڹϯ롣 
һѩһǰȥֽϥϣдһЩ֡ 
ϣдʲô 
һʡ 
ŻŵؽֽߡȻ̧ͷ 
ԭǰһ 
ղдʲô 
һһΡ 
дҡ 
סˡҡ𣿡 
š 
ҿ𣿡 
ԭЩԥǰֽݸһ 
һֻֽ̯ԭӱд˼֣ˣ۷ˮС 
ˣˮϡ 
ˣǿˮ 
쵽ˣֹˮ˯š 
ңԶʼһֵҡ 
׸辿ʲô˼ 
һüͷ 
ʫļѣǰСӲ˯ʱͻᳪ׸裬ź˵Ͽ˯Ȼ˻ץŶ 
һ£ֿʼÿһʫ˼ 
һˮͱȾɫⲻǸʱӺ 
һȻؽе 
û 
ıõһġ֡ 
һĻȫشܹһ⡣ 
ΪʲôҪģҡɱˣ 
ΪʲôҪôӵķΪɱԤأ 
һʲôܡ 
ҡӼš 
һܡ 
ϣ˵ĶԲԣ 
һҡļʵŽһ΢΢صһͷ 


8

һ㡣ĵ˵ 
˭ 
һ׷ʵѡ㡰дֽýһ 
һţҪɱЩѹǡ 
˵·ҲھǸ֡ 
ϣ㵽ʲô˰ 
ʮǰӼһܻӾŮˣ㡣 
ǴӽʡͶӼŵģȻúƯȴе֡ 
֣ 
Ӿܰˮ״൱һʱ䡣 
⣬ֻˮݺǾͲö֪ˡ 
֮ܶ 
Ҿһˡ 
̾һּ˵ӾųϷĿտʼʱˮ̾ΪֹӾųҪԱӾҲȻӦָ£ԱǵӾã󻹱ŮˮӾĽĿܹǻӭĻ㣬Ϊ˳ӾҲһģˡϷĿܻӭǹ˲ãʹһĿԡ 
ʲôԣ 
Ҷ˵ܾǡˡкܶԱָϴ֮ϻᷢһζһһЩƬö֮ԱǶ¶ٽӽܾһݣų㽫ӡϷ޳ 
ĸײݵ𣿡 
ѩʵ 
šһֱųΪĴˣĴмȴû뵽Լᱻǳġôˡ 
ôģ 
һʵ 
һǹԼһȥ⣬ڲǽѪд¡ġĸ֡ 
˵΢΢زš 
ҿǽϵѪֺϾ뵽סˡҡ 
ϣɱǹѲҲǡ 
ָǹ 
˵ 
ôôɡ 
һʼ 
ӼŵԱ˵ˡǺܾǰĴ˵ʵʵشڡ٣һֱŲɡϴҲ¶ְɣ 
һǰɵòһ֮顣 
ҺüζųѡϷĿȡΪĽĿǣų˶ҵȰѡϷѹĿ룬һûڰ׼Ҫѹ˱𡣡 
ʮʹ˵һ 
ǸǴ˵еġˡζƬ 
᲻Ϊ˰ϳӼţɢǡˡԣ 
߾һαɱΪǾѵӾɵòһıԡ 
ô˵ҲûŻԼų 
ǣˣôʣµġָ͡˭أ 
ѵԱ¼ 
һ˫ۣвͣ˼š 
ڵһɱжУģ⡰ˡҡ⽫ųʬŪʪ 
ڵڶıɱжУߵѪȾˮۣԱȾɫ 
һʬ׹䵽ˮʱΡ 
ֹ⽫ʬ˵̨ϷͨԤáϷˮ۱õλãȻٽʬȥ 
ֻǵҪģҡɱ˵ĻӦû򵥵ķŶԡ 
һԴŬ˼š 
ѵûĿǲǻɣʹַǵҪô˵ķʽʬڴҵǰ 
Σһֹͣ˼תͷѯ˵ϣ㿴ʬ壬Բԣ 
š 
ûеֵĵ򣿡 
ֵĵط 
һ 
ˣôһᣬҲȻΪʲôᴩǼݷ 
ָǼһۺɫΧ·𣿡 
ǰһҾú֣ƽֻڱѹĿʱ򣬲ŻᴩǼ· 
ѹĿָϷ𣿡 
š֣ĪѴҪμһĿݳ 
عٯš 
⡭ 
ɲǼ䣬һһй顣 
Ŭ뵱ʱʱ糡һ³ĺ 
һתͷһֻ̾ͽ־Ųֳ 


9

ָ̾Ӳǹ 
ߵϯֱͦͦվСǰ 
ָ̾Сʼǿ߳ 
һ˵ѯ˵ϣ̾ӣڶС˵ʲô 
͸ڽһĶ˵СǹصȥˡҿǸ̾ǱģΪСоͿйС֣Ҳϵġ 
˵꣬¶ʮֲмı顣 
̾ڵʣСʼ 
̾ڱСŭһѾС죬ʹվ 
ȻСƲƾ̾ǰŭ 
ȥ̲סС 
ʱ̾Ͻìͷָ 
һǸϿȥ 
ѩĵشߴٵ 
һ˵ͦ 
̾ܲ˵仰 
̾һǿŵ˵һȻ־Ҫæ飬ǣ㲻ǰ참ĻͲҪùȥ 
˵꣬̾ͷȥ 
־ټ״ϳһ̾˵㲻ţǣһȷһȣձҲܲ˵͵ǸһӣΣ 
Ȼ־ٶô˵ 
̾̾һ 
һҾ͹˵ɣ 
Ҿɱ¼ɵ㣬ڻûн⿪֮ǰǾֱָС֣ʵ̫ˡ 
һ 
СһĻ¶ı顣 
СΪԼԽһ̬ȲѺãԽһӦҲûкøвŶԡ 
һΪʲôҪΪұ绤أ 
һֻɵ۹ⶨؿŽһ 
ֻ̾ڵһ¼ֻСûвڳ֤ǾͰɱ¼ҲƵϡ 
һû˵꣬̾˵ֻǵһ¼Сûвڳ֤ҲͰˣƫƫһҲֻһûвڳ֤ 
 
һе첻ѡ 
УɱʱڽĿʼǰһСʱңС⣬еԱǶʱﶼӵвڳ֤С˵ΪĿΪ˵ƱݲŶģʵ޷˵Ǵ˴׼Сȥʻ 
˵꣬̾ӿڴóһװдŷ⡣ 
һ㶮𣿡 
̾ʡ 
һ롣 
һ˵ 
ʲô 
̾¶ȵı顣 
ҵʲûΪĽ˵Ӧ˵ҵǡ 
̾ܲ˵ǣЦӴڿ̽ӡȻˣ˵ 
һ˵ҵĵһΪʲôҪô˵ķʽʬڴǰ 
ʲô˼ 
̾üͷʵ 
ϷĿʼݵͬʱʬ岻Ǵ컨䵽ˮʵ벻͸ΪʲôҪô£ҿŵַʬ屩¶ 
˵˾ǡ 
ǲ˵ΪҪɱųʱһģ⡮ˡҡСġݣŲȡǣֵĿģôӦûɡ򵥵ķѽƩ˵̨ϢﲻԡֻҪʬŽԡԡעˮ͸ˣˮϡĸֺαðűײΣգʬ˵컨ͨȥأ 
һָ̨ϵĵƹⴹĵط 
ڳҲԼ̧ͬͷ 
Сһŵı鿴Žһ 
һֻ𣿡 
̾õؼ 
ȻС 
һ΢Ц˵ 
ϴ 
ҵĵڶǣǼСôΪʲôҪѡֻԼûвڳ֤ʱʬڴҵǰ 
̾һؿŽһ 
תѯСߵ˵һ㣬ڡϷĿʼǰǶʱǲеԱǶضĵطȴϰױݣ 
ǵġ 
ͷ˵ԳҸûϳ֮⣬ԱǵӦöȷ 
һĻתͷ̾˵Ҳ˰ɣСһҲ֪¡Ҳ˵С֪ݱֻûвڳ֤Ĳ״ȴѡǸʱʬ֣ô𣿡 
ߣϵ˻ô룬Բֹⷴôİ 
̾м˵ 
һûĻ˵һеҪʣǾֵΰѵָǹ糡ʹʧһô붼벻ͨ 
ǹҲΰǣ֮ԻʧΪ 
˵ǴӲͰȥ𣿡 
һ˵ 
̾ĬĬصͷ 
ǣҲδ̫ˡҵֱȷĻ֮ǰɱ¼ɱ¼ֲʹͬһѵָǹ׵ġ 
㡢˵ʲô 
̾ɴ۾ 
£ٺ˵˵ˣεȷʵǵָǹûϴʹõǰǹӦѾ嵽ȥֲʹͬһǹ֮Ǿͻ 
ʱһ¹߽̾Ķ˵һЩ 
̾ţͺ 
ôܡΪʲô 
̾š 
̾ʶʵǸݵ׼ʶԵ֪ʹͬһǹɱ˵ġ 
һ˵ 
ţȷʵʹͬһǹô֪أ 
ܼ׼˱ǹôڵһ֮󣬾ûбҪǹֻҪһͺ֮԰ǹһΪ˽һεɱ˼ƻŻĳַǹǺܼ򵥵ĵѽ 
һ˵ 
̾ûп˵ȻһƬ졣 
촽ΪҧɫǿҲʹŭƺѾߵ㡣 
ȻһȴΪؼ˵ǰɱ¼һһιҲԲ鲻ǹ䣬ȥֻǻͬһǹɱˣΪܽ⿪⣬һûа취ҳ֡˵ûҵȴһҧСְ֣참ʽʵֲ̫ˡι֣ĿΣ 
š 
־ٸɿȼʮΪѵ˵Ȼˣ̾ҿҡ 
ˣ 
̾ѹ˵˵ùˣҲЩƨ֮ܶдСʲôܲ˵ɣ 
̾°ͣǲȡж 
ʱٵߵС࣬ô׳ֱ۽ץס 
ιιǵһ£ 
һͼ̾ȴǸס 
Сץס̾ߵǰԱ˵һЩȻֿ˽һһۡ 
С 
̾óС˵ɱӽ 

------------------ 
¡Ϻ׷ս

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------



1

СֱסֱĴʹһֺǿҵļ¶ 
йΪʲôòıȨУ 
Ļ£ÿʱشڱܸʹѹΣ 
ڻɻںűЩаԵĵȨ߾ܵظܡ̰ۣ伫 
ֱѹȵĻ£ûʸ찲Ź㳡ݵǳɱ¼һµľ档 
ܹƶˣ಻ƽĵطȻϵǿ֮· 
ڣϺ˾ͳϣֻҪŬ˶ԴƯ·Ӻ¼Ӱססլ 
Щʮǰ붼ǿԴɵ롣 
ǰΪħϺѾһʵԸϣ֮ǡ 
뵽СͻȻıд̼ع 
ΪʲôûѡȨΪʲôҪɣû֤ݡֻպûвڳ֤ѡ 
˵Ϊ֤˵һ쵽ְֳܣܲɱ˶ûҸְִڶϵǲʵǣⶼΪġ 
ʵҴСͺ𾴰ְ֣ΪӼΰ쵼ߡԴó֮󣬰ְ˾ͱùġҲǴǸʱʼӼ忪ʼøԣ 
С˵һʵ˲˼ˡ 
ڡϷĿƳӼſʼܻӭǣҪ֧þ糡ķõȿҲ൱ӦòܻԭĴӼȫƶŶԡ⵽ô£ 
Сһֱ˼⡣ 
ʵϣСɱֳԼʱһҲû 
Сʮֱ࣬ȴ֪ԼΪʲô 
ˣʹСնԱҲ˽»Сɱ 
ǣ鲻ģ 
Сź 
ƿЩߵĻ֪ݱ 
Сһȭưġȭڶûз£Գ治ػ򵹵ˡ 
УЩӦöǹĸǴܻú㡭 
ߣ 
̾ĴߴС˼ 
֮Сص̨Ϣңڹǵļ£ʼԼƷ 
СŹǲע⣬ĳ͵͵ 
ʱ־ٲͣػܣСضС˵һҸᵽĲȥ 
ȻС֪һͼǰָʾȥ 
ȥϲ 
С뿪̨֮󣬱ԹҪ 
ӦС󣬲ߴȥء 
ԱǶ֪ǼһȿԴ򿪵Ĵ 
СϲţæóոԤϸ˿ 
ӼżҲһЩѵħƽԱǶϰϸ˿ɿ 
ӵʱ䣬Сʹ 
Сش򿪴ʱͻȻһ洬 
СϸһֻһС洬ķӽ 
ι 
һվ洬ǰˣִС 
ã洬𽥷ٶȣСҲ˾糡ߡ 
ʱСĵЩɡ 
ֱǵļСΣɵԽϢ洬ļװϡ 


2

ۣ 
ܵСԾĳ洬ҡţһ 
ʱСæץס 
ţСñƶ˵һЩ 
Ӧһ洬㿪ʼҵ 
洬СѵĴ̽ͷؽк 
״׼ҪٶʱСתͷ˵Щ 
СЦȻּӿ洬ʻٶȡ 
ҸձĵӰ 
СԽһ˵ 


3

洬һϸС֧󲻾ãһֵгǰͣ 
С˼ֽҸ򣬱ɵ´ȻֶԽһ֡ 
лл㣬ҿԼۣ 
û뵽һҡΣһʧȥƽ⣬ 
һ̣Сץס 
ǲŸϰʹ˵Ķ 
⣡Ӱ 
һСſ˳гȥ 
С·ëȰǰܣһںͷ׷ϡ 
СȵۡԲ𣡡 
һһģСĽ̯̯ӱϵˮڵء 
ԲˮˡǮ 
һʵ 
λˮĴȴЦŶҡҡͷ 
лл㡣 
һӵϼˮȻֿʼǰܡ 
һڸʲôѽѾ׷ˡ 
СԹ 
ôģķݡ 
һܱ߶һˮС 
ʱСԭϲֳһ˿΢Ц 
Сˮʲôţ 
ҡ 
Сҧһңܽһխһ׷ں 
СҲ¶̯Щ̯ǽܽͲϯ֮Ķڵϣ廨ŵߡϱӻȡ 
С 
һڵ̯ǰЦݵغ 
Сͷһ˲ŲǸȥ 
лл 
˵ţСһһ 
СʱҲֹҮ 
һ˷ܵس 
վסܣ 
ʱƷĹѾ׷ˡ 
һߡ 
СԥܽϾɽ֮С 
һûɿѾҧһصĹôϣ׷Сĺͷ 
ܵӳڸʱѾܽˡ 
ڹǴƷж˳ӵ׷ϵٶȽ 
ã 
һͷͷ 
һߣ 
ʱСѾ˴·ϡ 
ۣҪô· 
ǰ·ֻˣиʽĽ̤ԽС 
ظ߾Ͷˡ 
СŲæһһĽ̤һսսؽںΪֻҪһ㣬Ͼͻᴫ̤ɷ 
òףڴԽʮ幫߿Ĵ· 
ÿһ˶Թ·Ӵ 
С¶ɫЦ 
Щڽ̤ʱһСѾг˳ˡ 


4

ǺѾ˦ˡۣӺö 
һżѾ˵ĹȻһƨ·ߡ 
СعĴȷû׷漴Ҳڽһ 
һĶĺܶ𣿡 
š쵽ΪֹֻԹͶѡ 
һŶ˵ 
ȻҵǱȥһЩͷӡ 
С˵վ 
Сһ£ûŵһζ 
ζ 
Сӡ 
ָǸ𣿡 
Сָ·һð̵ĴͰʵ 
Ǹ˲ϵڴͰʲô 
һʡ 
عϡ 
عϣԭġ 
һרעؿǸͰвͣ 
ձҲ𣿡 
Сʵ 
аǽعϷȵʯͷƿʯعϡ 
ãС߽ǸˣóֽһЩعϡ 
Сݹıعϣһ˷ܵ 
ۣձһҲñֽҮ 
˵꣬һܿؽֽȻŴһҧȥ 
̡óԡ 
һͲͣ鶯Զ̶ܲ 
һĻСЦ 
Ȼඣոյʺ̿￾أ 
̡Ŷţóԣóԡ 
СŽһ㻬ӣЦúϲ£죬ͬʱҲѿع͵ߡ 
ǴСһ𳤴ĺһ߱߳ԡ 


5

̫ǲֽ֪ߣ˲ڵ̷ϣڴڳȻȵıعϡ 
һΪʲôҪұ绤 
һҲϲ̾İ참ʽûҵһһѵûн⿪ֻƾûвڳ֤ץ㣬ⲻ̫𣿻һ㣬Ϊѩĸ硣ӦѩһҪҳ֡ˣСΪʲô˵洬㲻Ǻձ𣿡 
Ϊѵİˡ 
ʱһڵĵع˳ 
ˣŲأҸѩֻ÷ĺѡ 
С״ԳԵЦ 
˾Ҹһ԰ɣҶ 
һá 
ҵûǲûѪԵϵ 
һȵ˵ 
ԼʮǰŵǵӼҲְ֪Ǵģֻ˵ҪŮʱɥʧһز˵ֱſʼ˵ǣһֱ벻Ӽ֮ǰ顣 
ɥʧ䡭 
ǵģ֪ԼǰְֵŮһֱΪ׸磬ҡҺʹࡣ 
Сָؿڣ˵ 
СϲԲԣ 
ţұ˭ϲһǵһ֪ܵˡ 
ʱСؿŽһұץҲĻҵ 
ˣǣҲΪ֮֡һ¶Ŀģ㲻õġ 
һʮСı 
ǳĬһһֿʵСһЩ㡣 
ʲô£ 
Ӽڱû 
Ϊʲôʣ 
ʱСıˡ 
Ǹң˵һЩһֱڻ顣Ҳ 
Ӽ 
˵ʲô 
һɴ۾ 
ʮǰӼ֮Ұְ־ͺʲôƵġڰ² 
ʮǰҲʮǰӼ壬ӼŵʱһֻˣڵʬҲʮǰ顣УƺڵӼŵĻ 
һвϵؼš 
С˵Ӽǰǳƶֽˣ 
ڴҲ±ԸƶطĺصصӼѧӼأ 
ôûע⵽ʲôѰ£ҵ˼˵Ӽûзֵ飿 
Сһ£Ȼʲôµ˵ŶˣôһᣬҲȻӼﾭԿ߼γ 
Ǻֵ𣿡 
Ͳ֪ˡйӵýγİպ١ȻЩ˻߹٣ǻ˵߹ΪʲôܵӼƶСأ 
Сüͷ 
һַڶͷϣ˼һȻ˵СڿɲԴҶӼ壿 
ӼԶŶ 
ûϵ 
ã취 


6

һСڴ󿨳ĳϣ̧ͷǡ 
СȻ뵽ô㳵ķʽҵӼ嶪 
һ̾˵ 
ΪǰҾִ󿨳شȥ 
ΪʲôҪȥأ 
ΪҪȥÿڼ֮ǰͱҰְץ 
СӼŵıô𣿡 
ʵܲ˵Ǳָء 
ô˵ĺϲҲѹôϲΪʵһɰŮ 
ɰ㽲֡ 
͵ձк˵ġˣ´лᵽձҸѩ˻úôȥĴġ 
һǰȥձʱֻҶԭѡ 
ҪȥҪúõձ۹һ£һҪһŶ 
ϣȥóɡ 
Ҳ˵һ׾ģΪүүǡ 
ձ̽һԲԣ 
ţһҪҡ 
֪ˣ㡣 
Сر۾ 
һҲ˫ֵСԱߣ׼úϢһ¡ 
ʻڱֱ·ϣнеҡһ㣬ʹýһ֪ؽС 


7

һˣѾˡ 
һСĽл΢΢۾ǿҵĳֱ 
ۣôŶСǿ쵽Ӽ𣿡 
һֵסǿҵʵ 
Ϳ쵽ˣѾԿˡ 
˵Կʲô 
һ˫ֳۣ壬Ȼ˷ܵؽеۣǺҮ 
Ǻǳֻһӡ 
Сű紵ҵͷ˵ 
һעңԶĶ԰ǿҵĳʹںĳ¥һ㣬ʹ˲һֲ̫ʵĸо 
ͻȻ䣬һȺҰʵĳгֱ֣̫߷ȥ 
һӾϵ𺳣׳ĳš 
һ½ʻȥҲ˽нԶ 
СһĿԶȥĳһ˵ĳһдţеﶼǴӺﵮġ 
ţҺҲ 
һͷ͵ 
ǣһͲͬ뷨ҾԼǴӺﵮģɳ 
˵еġˡ𣿡 
Сûлشһ⣬ָԶɽ˵Ӽɽ¡ 
̫ˣڿȥӼݷãǸܡ 
һԶɽ˷ܲѡ 


8

С˾һЩֽҺ󣬾͸һͽӼ塣 
Сǵܻ׷Ӽȥ˾һ̽Ϊϡٵɽ· 
Ӽ϶һκũ 
һͣضؿһЩƲĿӡ 
Сʱ򣬴ҶסõķӣǣӼñȽǮ֮󣬴ҾͲסƷˡ㿴ǰǵ൱ķӡ 
һСָķȷʵüéһ 
ӼӼѵĺǼǹ¶ֻҪҶзԣһѧӼ˴Ƕӵǿ 
Ÿ˵꣬Сһץסһ󣬽 
С 
һԹ 
꣡㿴 
һСָķϸһֻһ̫۾źɫʿʻ䡣 
Ǿָ߼ǴʮǰʼͳԿָ߼ 
СԽһ˵ 
ƶĴӺ͸߼ʿ֮ȷʵô 
һҲʼ 
ʿ뿪󣬽һСּǰߡ 
ʮңǽΧŵӼġ 
һӼĳأͬʱҲҵļҡ 
Ӵӻǵġ 
һ̲ס̾ 
ǸϿ쵽ȥ㲻ùϾͻˡ 
Сһƽһ壬һߴٵ 
š 
һСѷĵдӺŽ 
ַһˣͷСʱͻȻһŭ 
ŭ·źŵһʹԭһ˵ʱð 
ǵ϶ľ͵֮һһĻʵһ 
һԭӺӳȥȴһʵĹͷֹ 
ͷŨüñԽһС 
֮⣬ͷӵϻһѷ·ʹһŵò֪Ǻá 
С 
һþ̵С 
ʱС˵߿ٵһǰ 
ɲǼ䣬ԭɱڵһȫʧ 
ǶЦݵغС֣ϲ 
СǺѼ󣬿ʼΪҽܽһЦؿһﲻͣعٯһЩ 
һȻ˵ЩʲôԼԼԸܵõΪղŵʧǸ 
ûϵûϵллллҡ 
Ŀһ˵ֻ߱ţǼ״ʼЦ 
һִǵĻŶ 
ллǡǽһһָ̡ 
һԺܿŵĶҽܣǵһЦ 
СӼĴǶܿ 
ǵģǰƶʱڣ֪Ըһ㶼ûиı䡣 
ţӼǸõط 
һ˵ţСļ 
Ҳϲӡ 


9

Ӽųļұ˼Ҷࣻڷӵݶ۵ĺƬɫǽϻССĸ񴰻 
ƯķӰ 
һ̲ס̾ 
䷿ǰĽģһǱȽϲǰľɷӡˣȿʲôط 
Сתͷѯʽһ 
šܴܲķ俴𣿡 
һʵ 
á 
Сխĳ߽ȥһȿ൱̵ľǰͣ 
ͭԿײһתͷ죬ľҲͬӦ 
һС棬С̤ķ䣬󽫷Źϡ 
ԼʮƺԼ͵ľȼҾţϵʹҲʮָɾ롣 
СųǸ˰ٵ˰ɣȻĻķ䲻һȾ 
ȻСȴһıصҵһοְֵķô롣 
𣿡 
һЩ졣 
ڡ˾糡֮ǰҰְӼһΣǸʱġ 
С˵ 
š 
һ¿һ鷿ڲĳ֮ͻȻߵǰ棬ؿŷϵĴʱӡ 
ף 
ôˣ 
Сߵһʵ 
Сע⿴ʱӵָλá 
һ˵ 
Сʱϵָ룬ɻʣʲôֵŶǷûתʱ䲻׼ 
ϸָžŵǳȴͣʮֵλã㲻ú𣿡 
˵ҲǡΪʲôأ 
Сͷ 
һǰսһ㣬ʱӡ 
ʱϵĲִ򿪣ָͷת룬ת˰Ȧʮλʱһ 
ʱһһֻСһ۾ͣع۲ܡ 
һ㷢ʲô 
Сʵ 
ܺԻ 
˵ţһֱסܣԱһѣܾȻԱƶҺ滹һһ߼Ŀռ䡣 
˾ȵǣռﲻֻֽңһһĶ 
⡢ʲô 
СŵŴ۾ 
þˡ 
һҲɵÿˡ 
ҰְôôǮѡѵ 
ʱһȻ򿪷ţСҪ˵Ļ 


10

㵵ػͷһֻһվڷſڡ 
ʦ 
Се 
ƺԽһ˼ɣñСظС˵ 
ɲǼ䣬Сıˡ 
صĲ߽˵Ż 
ͷ˵һ󴮻 
СĬĬź˵ɫȴѿ 
˼ӣСͻȻ죬ϳ⡣ 
ţСŭ߻ط 
˵ŷڵС̾һ󣬱ҡҡλε뿪 
СһֱͷĬսȭͷͶ΢΢š 
һҲûп˵ֻǾվСԡ 
һС߽ܺ󷽵Ŀռ䣬ŲЩֽҺͽ顣 
ΪʲôҪ¡ 
С 
һִļ 
СѽֽҷŻԭλ󣬱ܣȴһ˲ͣ 
Сôˣ 
һʵ 
ռǣҰְֵռǡ 
С˵ţһץһֽͷıʼǱ 
С 
ʱ򣬺ֻŻŵܽ 
ɫ԰׵ضС˵һЩ 
С˼仰ͷܿˡ 
Сʲôˣ 
һؼ 
ǹ׷ˣ 
С˵ 
ʲôǸϿȥ 
䣬˱Ѹܳ⡣ 
Сҿֻö㵽ɽˡ 
УǱ뼴̸ϻϺ 
Ϻ 
һɻؿС 
ûٸɡ 
ɡǣҪôȥϺأ 
õģῪǻȥ 
ûлһױʶƵģڳ϶һЩ˵Ҫ͵ϺȥŲᱻ˻ɡ 
ţһʦæ 
֮˽ػܣĵشӺ 


11

ѵֻ֡ɫ𣿡 
һͷرԹ 
û취ʦʱֻץЩһ°ɣ 
С˵꣬רĵؿռǡ 
ǣЩһһϺĻҵȫһǵζ 
ʱһֻʪıͷŽһա 
ѽֻһȥ 
һڴ󶯸λˡ 
򡭡ЩһﻹǱģҪ˴ж˿飬Խȴһ֪ضʾá 
Сָ˵ 
ҲһǳԼߵƭѡɱȴäĿűˡ 
һ˵ⷬС¶Ц 
˵ûҾͱԼװְƭ˺þá 
СɲԸңΪʲôų׬ôǮ 
һֱʡ 
СͷĬһȻſ˵Ұְ͵Զ 
͵ԣ 
šձ͵ٽ˽йû뵽Ұְ־ȻǸС͵ 
˵ŴŵС 
ʮǰӼŵһεձʱҰְʶǸãӴ֮Ұְ־ͺһֲ 
Сռصȥ 
û뵽ҲһԱԭǵձѧѡ֣ʶãҰְֺʶΪձ߳ףҰְֱ˽йĿǰ˵йݳƷҪ˵ʮǰˡʱ򣬴ڵĸ߼ֻи̲Ǵձ˽ĳӣ൱ļǮ 
ԭˡ 
һͷ˵ҲڵϿŵı˵ձҪ߳ͳܼ򵥣ֻҪܹȡúļϣۿڵļ㿴ļ󣬸Ӿ˹ˡ 
ǣձҪ߳˽йףӼܵҰְ֡ 
СռǱԵ൱ 
ҰְҲͬ£ǶһɡҰְֵռϻдݺŮԱƵŮԱɱ顭û뵽һİְ֣Ȼôµˣ 
СְݺʮǰɱǸ𣿡 
ԣСɵôһ 
֪°𣿡 
һæҡͷ˵˵ġ 
ϡ 
˵ΪɢǡˡԣʹųòӡϷĽĿг벻Żɱ 
ʵǡϷĿѣıĿҲˣϳӼţһжǳΪųİְ֣֮ҲΪǸŮˡԵʡ 
 
һɵطʵ 
ţΪ֪úҰְ͵˽飬֪ձշ˵ܡ 
˵ʲô 
շ˵ʱҰְֺҲֳʱһԼĳӱ͵ͼֹǵжʱշС 
һʱ𽣳־׷İ 
ôʮǰǼʬʬӦþΪ 
Сֽϵˮɣ˵ߣڱֵúһӼһʵԭֻһѡ֣ӼܹѵҰְΪҪ֪ܵӼԱǺ㡣ΪųҰְֱѶʹŻɱ֮· 
СųɢˡԵ𣿡 
ҰְֵռдĹƣҰְҲ֪飬һȻռϱʾ൱ڣȴȻ֪ڸġҰְһ󱿵 
Сߺ޵صͷԭѿֹסˮֽӿ 
ˣСǼָ̼Ĳ˵ǲԭ£ȻƭҺôãһɡСˡ 
С·йţҰְˣʮִʱſʼΪԼеڡߺߺߣ 
СãȻؿЦ 
һ⸱ʧģϿڰοС㲻ҪѾҲ޼¡ֻԼѹ 
һ˱ѡƭ𣿡 
һ˼ػصȻа 
㲻𣿡 
Ȼ 
ұԼİְôãӦöٿ˽ĵʹ벻 
˵꣬Сֵ 
˽⣬ȻҲǱԼİְƭǣұԼҪõѱʱĻðɣһȭȥǵº侲һ룬ȴȫͬ뷨һ֮ԱңһвѵĿԻɡһʱ䣬ҾһֱȥҲͦ˵ģԵҵǸʱǾԹںˡ 
һͼЦС 
ǲ˵Ұְ֮ԻƭǣΪɣ 
šųǴӼͷͷԲԣ뾡һа취ƶ⡣ҵ˼˵ȥС͵ֻǾпԭ 
һ˸οС 
ҰְһֱΪӼ巳գ 
ţӦôˡ 
⡭ 
Сįشͷ 
ǰ𣿻뵽һ𾴵ų 
һרעؿСп 
ʱСϻռǡ 
һԸоõСеŭѾǸźɫƤռǱʧ 
С 
һ˳Ƶա 
ܲҿǱռǣ 
ڽһҪСûκλӦ 
ųռӦҲмعõ°ɣָʮǰѹ˵Ǽ£ΪʶǸ־׷¼ 
һȻóСѾûˮСѡʣἰĵ¡ 
Ҳã㿴ɣⱾռΪĶ֣ܻῴ 
С˵߰ռǱݸһ 
һӹռǱλҳ׵ڣϸѰҡá֡ 
ף 
ͻȻ䣬һĽ 
ôˣ 
Сʵ 
Ȿռȱ˺üҳ 
𣿡 
㿴кüҳѾ˺ˡ 
һַǼȱҳĵط 
Ұְ˺İɣ 
Сż˵ 
ĿǰҲֻôƶඣ 
ǣҰְΪʲôǼҳ˺أ 
С˼š 
⡭ 
һ˲䣬һԺֳ︡üּ衣 
ҪڽʱСȴȻУˣ 
һͻĽһ 
Сôǹ𣿡 
˵꣬һΡ 
Ŀڴ 
С¶һ²ģ 
 
һѰӺĿڴ 
֣ҵĻأ 
Ǳߡ 
СһȻָȺ 
һͷһʧɫ 
˿̣ǱǼֻҶҧŽһĻգкüҳѾҧˡ 
ɶǾ͵ҵĻյɵݡ 
һһֻػա 
ƵˡҵĻƱˣ 
ŭЩ˵ЩļһȻҰҵĻƱԽߣһҪͳͳ¶ 
ۣ 
СһԿŽһӣ̲סЦ˳ 
ģȵͿûĻˡ 
𣿡 
һϲʵ 
šõǵķѰҡ 
С˵ 
ߣЩһ 
ˣһҲ̲סЦ˳ 
С˾һ໥ס˴˵ĲӣϷ 

------------------ 
¡

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1

˾糡ĺ̨һɳصգÿԱ϶൱ı顣 
ΪӼ﷢ɱ¼Ž㣬ǧĺͣȫ볡ȯѾһա 
һԱǷ 
Ϊųұɱ֮⣬ڡϷĿаݳؽɫСҲ޷μݳԱսսֻ뽫Ŀ˳ꡣ 
ڹѾСϺ鱨˾糡ڵľǰ࣬еĹ˴̸Цš 
һܵȥˣ 
ѩε̾ 
̾˵ӦǸСһ뿪Ϻˡ 
𣿡 
˵ǻ˹˾ĿáǵģѵһѧԳʯеԱ˱㳵ﳤ 
־Ϊ˻ѩŵ飬˵ 
ڰһɱ¼ʹý־ٺ֮̾ùϵ֮һ棬㲻ûݱһӰ쵽վ֮ѺùϵĴ¡ȥ־پ͵øеˡ 
뵽ѩ̾һ 
һǸ󱿵ȻǰҲԽҲͼֲ֣һͬΪйձѽķʲô飬²̫װƽ 
ѩһµǸһѾһֻȲ룬ӦǳһȵӴ 
־ѩļο 
Ǹһٺúѵһ١ 
־٣Ҫѵʲô 
ո˵Ǿ䡮һǸ󱿵ѽ 
־˵ 
ѩҲɵЦ۾ 
־˵ʵһֱŽһŬԼƽġ 
ʱѩ̾üչ߹̲ס˵̾ԭ°һǸ˴Сӣ뵽ʲôȥҲῼǺȷʵһˣֻһ㡭ô˵أӦ˵ǲ̫عذɣǸ 
ѩһ̾ǰе״Σ־ٿȥǲ˵Ҳͬѩ˵һǸһȷʵ˺ˣǣһģٸһʱ䡣 
̾ⷬòκθĻ˵־٣һֱܾ㣬Ϊһ൱̾û뵽ھȻΪǸµĽһ˵ 
̾Ҳ㲻ΪȻҵȷӽһϿ˵񶴲ˣ¼ԳԽҶ참ľ顣 
ã֪ˡ 
̾ޱ߽ʱ̾Ϣȥ 
־ʱպÿһĻ˵ĵؿ˹ 
ѩˡ 
ûϵһԻ뾡취ġ 
ǣйķƶȸձǲһģһܱǿǲͻձĻǻõĽ 
־üͷ 
ѵһܹǵ̿𣿡 
־ѩǸŵģһЦ˳ 
ûô 
˵ҲǡҸոһ 
ͽһĶÿɰŶҴСֻ֪٣ûпĺѣԾøʡ 
ʵΪҸһסúܽǵֶǺѣǲŻ˳С 
ѩ˵˼صͷ 
һֱҪԼȥҶСѧʱҪ٣׼μӰƥ˶ᣬһǵõƲɡ 
ѽְҲһϸ𣿡 
ҰˣҸְ֡ 
ԲǺǺ 
ûϵҲã˵˵žȻԼ顭ѩһڡ 
ţ˵˵Щ˵ѩΪҲϰ˵Լ飬Ծ˵ڡҲһŵ𣿡 
ȻඣĽһڵڵѩۣһĵ 
ʱѩͺæתƻ˵˵־ãĺĽ㡣 
Ȼ־٣÷ǳʵȴ൱ȳơ 
ǰһ 
־ٵı仰֮󣬺òײвĻᡣ 
ѽҿһ᲻˼ġ 
־΢΢صͷ 
ˣһȽæһ㣬Եȥ׼ˡ 
־תȥų֡ 
ѩ־٣һôˣ 
Ϊǵѩ飬ԲûѯС£ʼһİΣ 
ǻûеõκϢһµģС 
˲ͷ漴ǿһ˿Ц˵СһҲûµģΪһܼǿˡ 
ǰСµġ 
ͻȻ䣬ϷǼƬӾ£Ǳ 
СǺܼǿкΪӼŵΪ۾˵ͷ 
񡭡 
¶ж 
ҲһѾٵˣҲĻһһԱġ 
ذִļϡ 
һϲڱݡϷʱչģͿԸоõǡոսĻʲô˼أǵģʱһڵĻ 
ѩĽ겻ѡ 
ǵǱߵϢȥݲɣ־٣Ҳһ 
תһͷںڵ㷢طļͷ 
־ٺѩ˶ؿǶׯıӰһҲ᲻ýԼƿ 


2

ŵѱĵָǹȻûǹǰǿҵɱ⣬ڹؼʱ̸һ 
⣬ܽ⿪ǹĻҩζϡ 
ڹһҧС֣Ի֪뿪ϺϢ󣬱㿪ʼиˡ 
ȫھ糡ڴĽ̽죬ִʩôֹܹˡиأ 
һȺΪʲôûע⵽һŵָǹѰɱ֣ 
뵽ҲһºӿҺ 
ҾȻϣԼﱻҵʲô 
иԼԲиΪҪɱжҪʼ 
Ǹ˼ȥĻôЩŬȫ׷ˡ 
ŬԼȶŵָǹֶ̫Ȼ̤صĽŲ 
ųϢҵķ 
ԭڸ߼ùȴܲĳϿʼʱסйפص˾糡 
ڣһ˼Ÿΰǰ׬Ǯͳͳձȥɣ 
˵֮ӼѾûõļֵ 
ŵõķǰ 
һҲŹǵƶϣ϶Сס 
ŻΪС䷢ֵĲ˷߶ɱˡ 
£Ҹһɱж 
뵽ոеĽжһɨա 
һߵõķš 
Ӧһ漴Ŵ򿪡 
һ򿪣ϵľζ˱Ƕ 
ͺһֻϻơƹޡ 
һɶ˵׾ٵؽķ䡣 
ýŹʱע⵽ĽŲЩġ 
֮⣬ҿõëҲɳϡ 
̫ˣҲ 
ʱ׼ӱóһơƣҼʧѸë棬򽫵ָǹǹڵë档 
һ㶼ûע⵽ҵжػعͷ 
ҵĶʱǶԲѪ˿۾ϴҲΪȹȶŵôġ 
飡 
Ҫһ˲䣬һǹ 
ǹ𣬿ëҲʼĴɢ 
Щڰеë赲ҵߣʹǰľһƬס 
Ҵ𣿻ߡ 
ұٶ÷ڶǹʱëѾˣҵ»ָ 
ֻõĶͷϿһɫĴ󶴣˵ڵϣܻë 
еλòͬѪʱࡣ 
ȷɺ󣬺òײһ 
Ҵѵܽȡָǹһϵζ 
ܺãһҩζûСΪ˽һǵúúõϴһϴ֡ 
СزԼմһѪȻô׵õʬ 
ߣӦõıӦ 
ʱҸоɱ֮˷ܸУ𽥵شӽŵͷ 
סгĳ嶯ʼι 


3

һԲõˡ 
궫С˵ 
˿̣һҧź 
㿴ҲһЩ 
һֽó̫۾ͼ 
ҪɫģǣЩҪʲô 
Сʮؼ 
ȲҪ˵㿴 
һ̫۾ѾƬɿȻֻʣ߾۾ 
ôһڵ̯ı̫۾һӾͱ۾ˡ 
ԭˡôͼҪʲô 
һûлش𣬷üԼͷһ顣 
һ 
Сȵ۾ 
һͷýɺüС飬ͿŰͷ϶ 
ôӿǺ룿 
ţġǡ 
Сʵ벻͸һڡ 
СȱôࡣҪȥ˲Ŀ߰ɣ 
ʮӺվ˾糡ڴǰʹųĹڵŽ 
һĴӴŹ߽ȥ𣿡 
Сϴźڿ۾ʮֲضԴ۾Ľһ˵ 
ûЩһֱΪѾϺԾ뵽˻ 
һ̧ܵ°ͣ°ϵļٺ΢΢ص 
⣡ҵĺӿˡ 
һŵؽе 
СŽһǸģ̲סЦ˳ϵĺҲӦƮ䡣 
ϣ˳ŵ 
һֱӲûоƬļ۾۾ 
ڽһĳ൱עĿͷȫ˶ϵñһ׺͹ģ·һƵġ 
󵨡һܾƺӭж⡣ 
С˵ 
ûҲ˵Ҫ𣿶ˣСд볡ȯɣ 
СͷӿڴóΪ׼õ볡ȯ 
һЦ漴ʼǰƶ 
վ˾糡ڴڼڡ 
ǵŽһСƬ볡Ĺһһرȶԡ 
״һɵý 
СȻͨ󣬽һ˿ 
ֵһͨʱ̽ȴȻ 
һ߽һ˫´ͬʱƳСһۡ 
һ̣һһĿüҪųˡ 
СĿ¶׹⣬ȫ׼򶷵һ䱸 
С׼Ҫʹĳȭ 
һĽѾﶥ㡣 
ˣСܻΪ˾ҶǴ֡Ͳˡ 
һĲϵð亹 
СͬһƽҲǰ벽 
ϣСҪ 
һĬš 
֮󣬹ڽһĳȥ 
ýһĿһϵĽ֮ 
ˣļƷ˽̽ 
һʱȻǰѿڴԿȦó 
ϸϸؼԿȦȷûΣպ󣬱㽫һ 
ڹˡ 
һһظࡣ 
һС˳ؽ糡 


4

һ糡Ҵææܽ򿪣ڴڵش 
һΪԼأ 
һ˵ 
˵ģҸղҲܽšƽˡ 
С΢Ц˵ 
СΪʲôΪ֣ 
ΪҰְֺˣֻһ˻ţֲ˭ߣһҪǱǮ 
ǣòų׬Ǯ𣿸οİˣûɱ˵ĵ˵֪ͬܵˡ 
ʵʦҲ֪ǵܣҰְֱɱһ죬ȷʵڴ 
ô⣬ʲô֪£ 
šʦ˵Ҳ֪ܣûвжһҸʶܶˣԲ֡ 
Сĵ˵ 
ǣȴųܡ 
ǲܵ˺ܵõвŻǸܰɣʵϣڰǰԱ˵ǰǹݵһӾѡ֣ʵΣҾͲö֪ˡˣ˵õдİѱ 
С󵨵ز²š 
ʲôѱ 
Ҳ֪֮ʹñ֮һӦþͿסһ߰ɣ 
СǳϤ˾糡ĵΣ˳Աǲע⣬һӾ̨ϡ 
ţǵǰȻһſɫƷĹ 
һپʮָߣ൱׳˶ 
һС˹ģ̼ӿŲǰߡ 
һ֪ƳСһۡ 
ȻСȴµؼ̼ǰߡ 
һСưҡҡλεߣȻż֣ȴֲ֪Ǻá 
ۿС͹ѾӭʱɲǼ䣬С·һǰ 
״ܵ 
⵱СȻ򹫰ϥǣʹù 
ţСִڹļʹһѡ 
û뵽еʱ䶼ûУ˱㵹ڵϡ 
СûֹֻͣյĻŲ˲䵹ڹϡ 
 
ʹط 
Сϵĳλײһ£һ漴ʹȥ 
һؿɵۡ 
ֻعž֮òײŻع 
Сոһʲô 
СߵԼϢ߻صнȭڰ׽ĶȭУΪйȭ֮һ 
žڿгֵǸүүõʽ 
һ˷ܵ˵ 
ʲôǿ磿 
һֵ綯Ϸѵ㲻֪𣿡 
СĬĬҡͷ 
ɣ㵽ձʱٽ档 
һ̧°˵ 


5

뿪ݻСʱʱԱڸԵϢ׼ʱ䡣 
֪𣿡 
һʵ 
ʦҰְֵķϢ 
С˵ţǰ· 
š 
С߽һľǰһ 
𡢽һ㿴 
ľźڹƵֳһ֡ 
һҲһֱˡ 
ǡˡ 
СãȻš 
ʱһƿСתŰѡ 
ǣľһӾʹˡ 
һһСಽؽ뷿 
ʱһˣһëɢɳܣһսۼĿ汻һԡ 
⣬µĹ°ʹƺɫҺմˡ 
˲Ĺװơ֮⣬һЩðɫ֮ĴӰ 
һɫĴӣһѸٴܱȫ 
ĴһðŰ̵ĸɱӴ 
 
̼䣬һȫéٿ 
̨Ÿɱɫƹ⡢ϴ· 
һһЩȫȻ޹صܾÿҪ⿪¼֮ʱСĽ˼ 
һ㿴ԡԡҡ 
С۾ԡңд˿־塣 
ˣǿˮ 
Сš 
ʱſԡ·ҪȾԡ׵ײĺɫˮһ 
ñˡɱˮľͬҡСд龰һ㡭˭ǡˡ 
˵꣬Сյ˫ֱסͷ 
СŲǵ뿪ԡʱƺнŲ𽥽ӽ 


6

⣡ѵ˷Ǹ赹Ĺ𣿡 
СżҸĵط 
һ 
ʱ־ٵ 
ϡ֡ 
һɵýг 
һ 
־ţɫŵؽš 
漴мӽ־ٱҪխϢҡ 
״Сȴη߽ǡ 
Сס֣ 
һԭֹСȭѾһ˲ 
һӣ 
С˵Եʯٶȷɱϡ 
ֻû뵽Ѿʮ̾ڵˡ 
ǻžںùƣֹ̾ǣԼȴǰ̤һͬʱڳСȫͬȭơ 
ȭ 
С˽һһۣ˵ 
̾һ΢űǸģ׼ѻ롣 
СһĶ岻ͣҡڣǵĲıƽ̾ 
һʱ֮䣬ֳŽŵĽա 
ҪԷҪһ˲䣬һʹȫźţСס֣ 
С̾Ķʱͣס 
СҪ֮ˣӳҲ޷һӰ 
ǡ 
翪ʼҾһֱһжұ˭ɱ֡ 
С˽һһۣ˵ 
̾һ΢űǸģ׼ѻ롣 
СһĶ岻ͣҡڣǵĲıƽ̾ 
һʱ֮䣬ֳŽŵĽա 
ҪԷҪһ˲䣬һʹȫźţСס֣ 
С̾Ķʱͣס 
СҪ֮ˣӳҲ޷һӰ 
ǡ 
翪ʼҾһֱһжұ˭ɱ֡ 
Сҡҡͷʮε˵ֻϧĻΪ˵һ 
СڸһĴӴܵʱѾҵüˣֻҪٸһʱ䣬һԾ׵ģҡ 
һϿҵ˵ 
һ̣ԭ׺ݵص̾Сϡ 
̾״Ҳͣ¹ 
С 
׼ץСͬʱһ 
־ͼܽСȴǵסȥ· 
̾ޱߵһǰ˵˵С־ܵķϣҹһ 
ϣϻձȥҾٷǰ참ˡ 
̾ңҴһֱСһûʱɱá 
һ˵Ƭ̲룬һֱһ 
̾ڵʵ 
֮ǰֿʮʮӵʱ䣬ȥ·ͱװƷ 
ǣСô̵ʱ䵽˾糡ɱ 
ߣ 
ֻۿ 
̾м˵ 
һ㲻ٶѴˡ 
Ҫһҧ֣Լܹ¡ 
С˵ 
СҪǽһֹĻѾҴж˿ˣ 
̾ݺݵصС 
ߣ 
˭һأ 
СʾӦ 
֪ĳСӣ 
̾仰󣬱ǽСߡ֮󣬽һҲڹǵǿ뿪һߵ̨ĳڸʱѩȺ˹ 
һ 
ѩһһͿʼ 
һԲ𣬶ΪҲź㡭 
ѩ㲻õģһûأ 
һ΢Ц˵ 
һ 
Žһѩˮ 
㲻Ҫ 
һѩ棬ʱ޴롣 
ǣΪҡ 
ΪҪһϺ 
ѩôˡ 
ι 
߰ɣ 
̾ںͷͷشߴšҪ򿪳ʱֱͦͦվǰͨһϵ̾˵ǿҵ˵껰̾ıˡŭֵػ˼仰ȻǷſССڹǵļ£߻غ̨ȥ֮ʣСһεͷŽһСģһҳ׾ġһСһŵЦݡ˳ȫ෴ķ뿪ȻֻһʱദǣһӶǵ顣Уүү֤һҪ⿪¼յףһĵ׷ġ 


7

Сʱ֮󣬽һѩͽ־ͬ£̾һ£һǿǲͻձ⣬̾˽Ҳߴٽ־ٺѩ˾عԱϲҪ鷳 
־٣Ҿ̾ĺܹ֣ҪһձְڣҲӦðҲǣȥ 
ѩõ͡ 
 
Ҳûа취顣 
Ϊ̾Ȳܵҵ棬ùǿд߽һֲǼ̼ǰ참ֻҪǸϿ뿪Ϻ 
ұҲִԱ 
־˵͵˽һһۡ 
֣ 
һôһ 
꣡ 
־٣һ˼ʱǾܴŶ 
ѩ˵ţҲ͵͵ؿŽһĲ˿̵Ľһǳ࣬ƽЦŭֱˡǻֻʣ¼ӵʱ䣬⼸ڽ⿪е⣬Ҿûа취кСԼˡ˵ѾΪеĲӭ»ձ¶֮Ҳ޷õϺǩ֤뵽һоԼѹ󡣡 
ˣ־٣ոϾ̾˵ʲô 
ѩСš 
Ҳܺ棬͵͵ȥϡ 
˵ΪֲҪ̾Сμӽϵıݡ 
֣µ棿 
һͻȻʵ 
ţˡ 
˵һҪǧӼŵıݣϲСݣԴв̾˵СûгݵĻСһ㲻ûǣŭأ 
̾һŴӦСڹǵļ²μӽݳ 
š 
Ŀϰ˵ҽڻһСʱ֮ǰ⿪յףϻ˾糡ȥĻת 
һ˵ 
һѵҪ 
־ٽؿ 
 
Ѿ⿪յˡ 
ɱʱĲڳ֤ĹѾʶˡ 
һ˵ 
ģ 
־˷ܵʵ 
š 
׵֡ɱųĲڳ֤Լʧٵ֮գĿǰûн⿪ 
 
ʵֻҪܽ⿪һ⣬ͳͳԽ⿪ 
Ҳҳ䡭 
һ⣬ʮֿյɦͷ 
ɱõҲûҵҮ 
ִǹģΪһ㹫ǾҲ޷ߡ 
Ǹֵʲôʱ֣ʱʧٵأ 
Դˣ־Ҳ˼⡣ 
ơ 
֡ʧ١ 
һͼӽ־ٵĻץס˲ӦСС 
һʼǻˡ 
ѩ˵ 
ţ֪ 
һҲԵý֡˿һһڣɸ˽̽X飬Ȼ첽ǻšһרעЩ˿ͣԺȴֳ˾糡ľ󡣣˾糡һֻһڣԼһڡȻһ?˾糡˵״̬ȴʧȻٶʧ֡ 
һϵš 
һ 
ѩۼǻڼżؽеȻһȴδŰʧ֡ 
ѩĶߣԼУһһ 
һôһŵ 
ۣѩ 
һδظ 
Ļøҡ 
Ŷ 
һ̴ӿӺóһƲĻա 
ȥɣ 
ôóӣ 
ѩ˵ʡ 
ΪǸ 
һ˵һ룬кȻһЩԭҵȫһߡ 
Ҷˣ 
־ٺѩ仰ԼͬػعͷŽһ 
ѩ֣ڽ⿪ʧٵ֮ˣֻˣһ֪׵֣С֮ܶȫ֪ˣ 
һ˷ܵشС 
һѵ㡭 
ѩŵŴ۾ 
ûеȫ⿪ˡ 
һЦ 


8

һ֪˭𣿡 
־ٺʡ 
ѽ 
һͷ漴ְս־ٵĶ˵Ҫ˾糡ȥ 
־һȵð˵ 
һµӣ˽ȴ͵͵ع۲һԼӵĹһһ 
һҪϿ˾糡ȥ 
һ¶ġ 
ʱ򣬽־ڽһ˵ιǧҪҪȥ򹫰˵ȡǵ 
־ٵĻû˵꣬һı˵Щ鷳¾ҽɣһøϻ˾糡ȥСȵһСϻᱻǴߣʱ˵ˡ 
һᵽСһֵ 
ѽºپĴϸ˵֮ܶΪȫ룬ǲҪ 
־ŬȰ˵š 
ѩҲֵһͼ 
ǲ˵ǰһǧҪ 
ѩûصһۡ 
ǣһȴҡͷ˵УΣһҪ˾糡һˣΪҪعĻֻʣϡ 
һ˵ 
Ϊʲô 
ʵֻʵĽ־һ˴ʣѩҲ˽һе˼ 
һ¶ɻı飬̲ס˵ô˵߶ˡ 
˵꣬һעĵκûþֱĴȥ 
һ 
һ 
־ٺѩĽͬʱ 
ֵһˣʼڻڴ£׷ڽһͷ 
־ٿһĻýŰԼĴһߣֻǰһպõסǵȥ· 
 
һǰͷĹСıڵϣһͣסŲҲײȥ 
־ٿǱصڵϣȴװһ²ؼı顣 
Сܲ߹ŵڵϰŵĹ˵Բ𡣡 
˽־һۣȻվ 
һعͷĿһо̲סԽ־գһ۾Աел⡣ 
ţҲƵܳ 
˻⣬һ̻˳С 
һӣû׷ 
ʱһͣػĴȻּƳ̳ؿվǰһȺˡ 
ŶӵȼƳ̳Ļһܵ˾糡 
һֻżƳ̳̾ 
ˣҿԴվĶ 
һѯʹվƵλú󣬱ͣĿĵȥ 
ִ﹫վʱһҪ· 
ȵҡ 
һ֣һ򹫳ţȻһȥ 
һϳϴ򿪳ע·ľɫ 


9

ڽϺ·ϣȫûܵǵţһòһ 
ϺʱѾϰ˵ˡ 
쵽Ӱ·յվˡһкܶ๫ڵҡ 
һֿʼ 
ǽһù·ڵȺ̵ʱ߽ʻԱߣȻ䲻ذ´򿪳ŵ 
ֻ˾ʧɫϵĳ˿ҲΪͻ״ȵصɴ۾ 
һȫ˵۹⣬һԶ¹ 
˾عƿڴ 
һæӵĴ·ȥ 
ãһ޺˸ʱӼűݽֻʣʮӡ 
ô죿ϲˡ 
һżһˣպÿ·̤ͣ 
۾ϸѰûĽ̤ 
̫ˣ 
һϲؿͣӻǰɫ̤ 
߶ʮһһ磬̲̤ɱ· 
ʱӻ߳պÿһĻһߴŭһ߿ں 
һæͷУԲһ¡ 
ĩ䣬һͻȻŵò³ 
⣡ 
ҾȻ͵˹Ľ̤ 
 
ǵ鹡 
Ȼˣɴָɣ 
һһ̤·ϵĽ̤뿪 
Ҹĸأ 
ųߣһ·һǼųˡ 
ңһԼԿϺ·粨ļˡ 
̫ˣҲüϡ 
һŬزŽ̤ 
ţǡ 
ʱһŷʽﵽǰǿռء 
ˣ̲ͷô˾糡ӦþڲԶ 
һ˷ܵؽ 
Ȼ¶ĥһȺӵߵ֪ͨĹŽ̤ʼڽһĺ档 
군ˣ 
һĶͷð亹 
ǲӦö۵Ľ̤ͽߵ˾糡ȥǡ 
ۿЩӽһʼԥ 
Уͽǰ϶ġ 
ʱ򣬽һųѵҲˮ 
ҺòײŸϵʱ򱻹ץߡ 
һѽ̤еϣӿ̤ʻٶȡ 
٣ 
һһΥе̤𾯸 
Сģ 
һþ̵С 
Ÿͼסȥ·ĹȴһСʧȥƽ⣬˴سе 
٣ 
ȣ 
ȣ 
ȣ 
̼䣬ͳӵĴ 
һĳӣ·복ϣ߲гӺХ 
ȣ 
ȣ 
ʱİԲڶ 
һһойˮӭ 
Ӧÿӽֽˡ 
һʶѾģԴһƬհס 
Ҿܵȥ 
źͼԼʶһ㡣 
ֻҪһӾ͵ˡ 
 
һڴڵش 
ˮνһ۾ʹ߱ģ塣 
ɶ񣡽Ѿˡ 
һ 
ڽһŲȥʱһϤĽ 
ԱһֻѩһƳ̳̽ͷ 
ѩ 
￴˵ 
ѩ״ʮֵĵʵ 
һû°ɣ 
áô 
뿪֮Һͽ־ϴ˼Ƴ̳ˣһϿѽ̤ͣ·ߡ 
ѩߴٵ 
һͷСıܿĳ漴̤ͣ·ϡ 
ʱѩͽ־ٳļƳ̳һͣ·ߵȴ 
һǺְ 
־ٴӳ̽ͷ˵ 
֡ 
һ˼شͷ 
ˣϳɣ 
־ٱ˵߶Խһ֡ 
ʱ򡭡ٺٺ٣ 
һ˵Ц˳ 


10

ӼŵıѽӽβϯװĺȲ 
СһŴСɡĹǾϹ⣬һŽһǶԳŵ۾ 
ڣһӦѾڷɻ˰ɣ 
룬һҳŵҪףӦò˵˵ģΪ⿴ǶԾ۾Ϳ֪ 
ʵϣСΪŽһĻŻֿԹԵùǴߡ 
ڹǲ޵ļ£СҲ׼μӽݳ 
ڱݹУСкüζԥţǲǸóų̂Աӳȥأ 
ôһҾƻ˺ͽһԼ 
ֻˣҲʾҲǸΪԼĽһ 
ȻˣҾͰĵغúñݰɣ 
СЦݣԵԱǡ 
Ǹٽ衰ˡ֮ɱ˵֣ǲҲվ̨΢Ц 
Сһ뵽̨ͬݵĻʱĲɵôʹ 
ˣ㲻òԱɱģҲɡ 
ɲǼ䣬üϵ˵СԺ︡ʧ 
ţǡ˵ǡ 
Сȥ̸Ժ׺֣תŹǡ 
ڹĹƺͻУС뿪һݳ̨ 
С뿪̨֮󣬹ͻ̽ǵ 
ˣСȴûκο־壬ΪŽһĻ 
һ⿪¼ࡣ 
Сηߵ̨ȥ⵱һ𣺡СԼˡ 
һ˫վں̨ϴųŵЦݡ 
⣬ѩͽ־Ҳ΢Цվڽһߡ 
һ㡭 
С־ϲ˵һĻ 
С¶Ǹһı飿˲Լһҳġ 
һ⡢ô˵ 
ţѾ⿪еˡһһ֤㲻֡ 
˵꣬һ־һȦ 
һһȻ˵־棡 

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1

־٣ 
̾ŭں̨ 
֪ԭӦѾعĽһֳں̨ʱŭشӹϯϷɱ 
˿̣̾ͨ죬һüë 
־٣Ȼ㲻ңôҲٿˡϴʵ绰˾Ҫ̽⡣ 
£ 
˭֪־پȻ˻ȥ 
־һ𣬲ֻ̾סһҲŵ 
־һƽ˵̾ɲһ֮㻹ǾûеôһеһеΡ 
⡭ðɣһϿ˵ 
̾˫ۣڳһ֮ģ 
һȻ󿪿˵ӵڶɱ¼ʼ˵ȽһɱʱĲڳ֤ĹơС 
ʲô£ 
Сǰһ 
ڱݡϷĿʱ̨İɫǲǾǸɱ 
ţǵġ 
ܲܰһЩʣĸɱ 
á 
СҪת뿪֮ʣȴֹ˵ȥá 
һĿʹ뿪Ȼ¶˵ڴ֮ǰ˵һ½֮ǰ׼ĳַ͵͵ѵָǹ̨ǰǹɱٰ֮ʬŵϵߵػϣһֱ͵̨Ϸͨ̾ĿǰΪֹ㶼ûɣ 
̾ԥһºޱصͷ˵ţû顣Ϊʬ컨ϵǴҶʵʬҲȷǰѾõָǹɱǣʱֻСһûвڳ֤һڡ 
𣿡 
һԳŵ仰 
⻰ʲô˼ 
ҵΪΪҪʬ˵ôߵĵطȥҪĹؼ 
һҲ˵ΪҪģҡСġݶⰲŵġ 
ְʬ嶪ϢԡңҲһԴĿѽһϴѾ˵ˡ 
̾һ൱õطʵȻˣ֪ô𣿡 
ȻΪֻĳɣһõĽĿжϲС 
Ϊʲô 
СҲʵ 
ʬͻȻ̨ϵˮֳǿһĻһҳһţڽĿ޷УֵĿġ֮⣬ͼԼĲڳ֤ǳȷʱʬڴǰΪôһǾͲỳɵֵˡ 
ǣһôΰʬ䵽ˮأ 
ʵ 
ûò˵ңɣҪ·֮ҵĲϾȥ鿴컨ϵͨȷûңʱװ֮ĵߣԳֱ˻йæʬܻԶ 
̾˵󣬽һһ䣺̾ʵ̫ȱˡ 
˵ʲô 
ΪֻҪ̨ϵֳɵߣͿ׾ٵʬԶ 
һ˵꣬Ҳպ˸ɱ 
ֻҪӵЩɱ͵ʱϴ·ߣͿԶװá 
һܲ˵һ㣬һͷˮҮ 
־ͷ˵ 
ðɣ־ϴ·ʱ·һ𣿡 
ǵġ 
㲱ϵΧܲܽһ£ 
ð 
һӹ־ݹΧ󣬱㿪ʼ 
ȣػʬͨϣƺˮ۵λãٽʬͨľϵƽ㡣ְϵΧڵƹϣ΢̶ʹʬ岻ڻȥ 
ԭΧסʬ塣 
־ͷ˵ 
Ȼһȴҡͷ˵ȫסĻʬԶҲֻذΧãøɱ̶סΧʬ岻̵ 
ɱ 
ڳ˶˼Žһ 
һ˵ϵˮȻˮΧϡ 
һʲô 
־ʡ 
һͷЦҪԶװڴǰ 
һʪΧϣΧܷøɱʹȴ 
תۼ䣬ʮȵĸɱ̰Χˮɰɫ 
£ֱǿ̶סͨϵʬ塣 
˵꣬һΧһͷΧû˶ɿǳصӱλá 
Χڿǽع̶ϣԲԣֻҪʬʵλϣͿԿʬˮʱ䡣 
̾м˵˵˵˵ʬʱΪһΧϵıٳûֵܻļƻ𣿡 
ֵ̾Ȼ׼ʱʬġ 
һߵ̨ϣָ컨˵Ȼ컨иʽĵƹ⣬ǣյᷢǿҹߵɫƹ⣬ֻڡϷŻϡС˵ĶԲԣ 
ţյΪ̨ǳˮ׶رƵġ 
һͷ˵ְʪΧյɫƹᷢȵĲλøɱᡣϷʼݣɫƹ⿪ˮҲպñŵһλϡãɫƹȶȻʹɱܻΧҲɿʬˮȥ̾Զװá 
ԭˡ 
̾ͷϵıѲǰǰࡣ 
һһ˵ôһͣҲ˽ΪλᴩԭӦǱѹĿʱŻᴩ·ԭΪΧ̶ʬ壬ŻǼ· 
һͷ˵ 
ǵġϣⶼҪлṩңл⿪ơһֱΥ״̬УضֲòɣǴЩɵѰҴ𰸡 
̾ǰδеǫѯʽһһȻˣѾ֪˭ˡ 
ţ̾ڷʱѾ֪ 
ָָǹ䣿 
ûҴʱʱʧԭʼ˵ΪʹľԹؼ 
һ˵ţٶȻӾۼں̨Ա 


2

ʹľԹؼ⵽ʲô˼ 
־ʵ 
Ϊֻĳ˲õָǹʧֳ֣Ҳ˵Ǹһɱ¼֡ˡ 
һ˵ˡʱ̨ʱһɹĽա 
֮ҪýĿжϣʵҲʧٵĹйء 
ʲô˼ 
̾ʵ 
죬øıĽĿ̣ΪΪûݵġϷʺѹĿԲŽǰΪһĿϻΪѹĿֶʵ൱ֵͻ¼ 
Ϊʲô 
̾¶һӡ 
ΪôһڽĿ֮ǰûа취 
һһ£˵ֽһԲᱻҵҿʱ糡Ҳ糡䴦 
ʲôط 
̾ʡ 
ϻĶ档 
һն˵ 
һȵ 
ܽѵָǹϻʳУϻԽʵϣһ޷ĵӣΪԱ͹Ƕ׵飬ȴ©һä㣬ǾǼ޵ڡȻҲϻ˭õ־Ȼӵһ¼ʼ־ַɳûɱʱҲһʼʩ 
̫ƻˡ 
̾̾ 
ƺڱݿʼ֮ǰԴϻķнָǹûϻ»ʳеȵݵĵϣϻ˽糡־ϻкҩǣʱȴһ⡣ 
ʲô⣿ 
ܶ˶ͬʡ 
ʱһȴתͷ˵һȥϢҿֻϻʱ㲻Ǹ˵ϻӺͲ𣿡 
ûϻԱöˣڱ֮ǰͨԶԱǶ֪顣 
ǵģһԽΪɱ֮󣬱뾡ǣʱϻǹĻôʱ޷ˡֲܰطΪһʬ屻֣һȫܶԱʱһᱻҳȻֻѵָǹɱã뵽һ취ǾǸɴʬһ־˵ķʽ֣ʹ糡УʹݽĿжϣͬʱԼҲӵвڳ֤˵һʯ֮ѽ 
һһ˵ꡣ 
ۣǹƶˡ 
־˵ 
ûʵⶼԤıõġҲ£֮ǰ뵽пܷ״ڷвأֻ԰м޻˵ϡ 
ֵ˭һ˵ѽ 
־ټشߴš 
һ̣һԥһ¡ 
ͷƳĬĬվһԵСһۣȻ̧ͷ˵Ϣҿϻʱ˵ֻϻֻιʳĶԲԣ 
ͷ 
״Сɫࡣ 
˿԰ʳϻȥֻһˣǾϻˡ 
һϾػͷǸ۹Աͬʱ˵һɱ¼ףˡ 


3

һ㲻Ҫ˵ 
һνһѩŵؽ 
ѩʵ 
Ϊǲķкܶ鶼˵֡ 
ƭˣ 
ôɱˡ 
ô¡ 
۰ 
񷢿شУͼһùǼʱǰֹһֱĴԣһ벻ľٷʵԳܡ 
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ôܻɱҰְ֣ 
ΪʲôҪɱ̨ͬݵĻ飿 
˵ڰְֱɱʱҲвڳ֤ 
˵ţ˵üͷ 
ǰ 
ʱȷʵһֱվ̨ϱݡ 
С̲סΪ⡣һҡͷ˵Сɱ˵ĵһ 
ɡǡ 
Сϸţų²Ǳɱɱġ 
̼䣬СȫƿԣҲְʹ顣 
һͻȻһʹ 
ΪʲôҪҷп֪ࣿСкĸ飬ԼȴСǰڶôʹ࣬վҪࡣ 
ʵϣһһֱΪֻþܹ꣬ϢΨһˮʯ 
һһ˵ȥСٸһΣųɱģǱŸ淢Լúһľ̬ɱ 
һ£һ˵ָʲô 
̾ʵ 
һ 
СǿбʹͷĲȫͳ 
ţ̾㵵Ŵ͡ 
С˵Ϻ̾漴ȥӼļѰ֤ 
һ˵ȥ 
̾˵ 
һͷС˵СǵӼȥְֵķʱ㲻˵һοķôɾһҪʱܻҪԼߵųӦҲ̬ 
СûκλӦϵıܿ϶һ˵ 
ҿõųΪʼԼеڣų¶ҪһҷͬʱԼŻԼķôɾ롣ǣųϣԱǲҪΪ鷳ѡһûԱᱻɵʱõָǹɱ˭֪СȴʱСŤ˽ţԼȥƣ³Ϊɱӷһõһųɱһµɱ˼ƻ 
ɱ˼ƻ 
̾طʵ 
ǵġųɱαװɱ¼Ϊһȷʵвڳ֤һԼպɱ˼ƻųɡ仰˵ųֵ֮һηĻôͲٻɵ 
һһۣ˵룬ʱųɱֳӦû˵ָǹ飬ߣǰѵָǹɱ˼ƻΪųֳûĻǱжһ׮ɱ֮ͬһɱʱһΪͬһΪôһȫûˡ 
ǣõָǹɱӦûпǹʱĻҩζŶ԰ 
̾˵ 
£ӷˮＳһЩȳˮʬԳҩζʵǺܸһ壬ΪʬϵĻҩζͬʱر⡮˴˵ҡСݡ 
ʱ̾Ȼصͷ˵ԭˡ 
ųֳ¡֣¡ġķǰ¡ʵⶼֻΪҪǿԡ 
ԭֻá˴˵ 
־ٽ˫ۣ߶š 
һתߣŵͷ˵ųɱֳһЩֽź԰ѵָǹȻŴУԲԣ־˵һųʬ㣬С֮⣬ȷʵûɱɣųɱĻܽαװɱıɱľͷĪˡ 
ص̾һ¶һ½ݵı顣 
֮Ҫڽϻ˾糡ʵΪõҲŻķڷ 
һؿ˵ 
üͷĬ 
ָǹӦûֻϻĶ̾ҪҪý̽һ£ 
ûǸҪ 
Ȼ̧ͷ 
ûöɱġ 
˵һʱе൱졣 


4

㡭Ҳţ 
ʹضڵϡ 
ԱǶԲŵ 
ʱƽ˵һѩûдϺĻɱ˾һ˳Ļġ 
ô˵ô 
ѩʵ 
ѩΪձˡ 
ѩ˵ˡ 
ôᡭҸ 
Сܵ൱𺳣һҡҡλε߽һ˵ 
С㲻Ҫ 
һ 
ְΪȡġÿ˽֣ҾͻʮǰǳΣ 
Ӽ֮ǰʲô£ 
Сĵʵ 
̾һ˫ãȻؿԶʼ˵ԼĹ£ʮǰձкһƽСŮΪҺСʱ飬һֱŰְֹӡҰְֺᣬϸĺǻҡԵʱŲ꣬ոСѧҶԣְҪˡáȴɱְ֡͵˰ְֵĳշֻˣǻʬڰ 
˲䣬ۿ 
ʮǰķʬշСѵʮǰǼʬıСεŮ 
־ٵɴ۾ŵôʵ 
ش𽣳־ٵڵʣֻȻ̧涵 


5

ûѩȻ˸оʮֺ䣬ڼҳӵˮ涼Ѿһ䣬˲ͣظְҪȥѧ󣬰ְֲңֻôӦѧ˭֪ҵͷǵѧУ;Уְֽͣһұ̵ǰʱ򡭡 
˵ٶ 
ְ˵Ҫȥһȿɿɸǰѳ̵ȥҳҪְһȥ̵꣬˵صĻͻȴ׷˵ȽůԼҪڳϡʱҵǻСһ˴ڳͻȻ䣬һְֶͷΪĺŵֱõĶұصȰְֻڰְַҲԽʱ͵͵Ѻŵ̽ͷ˵ְ֣´һڳϣҾʧʱְ?ţԼҲе൱˷ܣ 
ĺʲôסһ㣬˵ 
ǿ̧ͷҧ촽 
һ̣ܸܵеİˣȴ֪ΰο 
˺þãֿ˵ͻȻ䣬˴򿪳ţԭΪǰְֻˣĽƿһ㣬϶͵ȴһİڼʻϣ˫ֽŷ̡״ҴһϢѻְָϿûãְִµ󣬳ӾͼٿţְֵĲҽȻӻͣʱҵԼдУְֵôˣŴ򿪵֮ڻԻһ˵ײˣ 
ҵȵǸ˳ԺķŵŴ⡣ 
˺þãҿһŮһӷŵһɫϡ 
һ˲䣬ǸŮ˲ͣһˣҼæԭסϢС 
ãַˡ 
ҵú£һֱŰְֵôˣ 
Ժһʲô 
Ҷһӣȥ 
ӳı 
ְ֡ 
СȻȻǶȴʧȥ㡣ѹСôģΪ̶̵ļڣԭӦ֧İְֺȴͻȻ¶ȫİסһۿСʹı飬ҲʼʹȻ⿪ҵΣǣѵûԲ˺Сķ𣿣һ΢΢زּ˵һң֪ôһ¡Ҫϣ˵һɥʧĺӣ˵һ˵ѧ˵֮ǰԲ㿪˵ 
ҵӼȥ 
Ӽǽӣϴ·еһжϤձȫͬڵʱֻһС˼ʮֵΪԼҲزȥձԱԹĻ 
ãȡ֣Ҳ˳ΪŮ 
Ҹѧ˵ÿһӣΪֻǰҲܿ˵κ飬ҶֻĬ 
һӣʶ˿ײְֵá 
֪ҴӳĿõǶְֵʬһĻҲҾǸײ˵Ů΢Цҵͷ 
Һ޵ü޷Գ֣ȴҲֻܰ 
Ϊ˵÷ҵʵ֣һɱңֻ 
ÿ׷Ұְֵô˵ʱ˵Ҳְˡ 
µʱ䣬ѧ˵ҲѧһЩΪԱıرպҵ̸ֹƽйһ 
ǰαװһѾǹȥģҲ缺 
ģһӼԱվ̨ݡ 
ֱһǰŵձμӹʱ￪ʼе 
ںܶĿֻҲŻݣ˵Ե޹ʰųڱ⣬Աɡ 
һӺ˽ң 
㻳ձ𣿡 
ñش 
ᣬΪѾŮѽ 
ˣһֱԼձˣһҪ취ձȥ 
ʵϣΪҪԼǵ˵ҳ͵飬ձĹ㲥Ŀ 
֪ԲμձݵʱǸ˼ˡ 
ΪôһҾͿԻձְ֡ 
ÿһ뵽˷ܵ˯ž 
ձظҡ 
ȵձݽʱȻӦҸС˵ȥ档 
ҳСҶԭȥʱ˵뵽ԭ·òײежĻᡣ 
Ȼ֮ǰСҪ䵥СΪѾСҵжͬһȥԭޡ 
ҸԼǰĶ־õѶӶԽ¸ǰк 
ʱ¶ĲٻӼţҪձˣصаְļҡ 
û뵽ǰļѸһȫµķӣҲȫһˡ 
һҵʱ 
ʮһֱȴεļңȻ񺣱ߵɳһʧӰ٣ 
ؿŽһһ˵ֻǽԼԭϵƿǿˮ˵޴ĳȴһҲûҸԼһҪҵְ֡ǣԸҲˡҵһòͣպÿһ־йذְֵ飬дšʮǰʬڲı⡣֮⣬滹дšŮҲͬʱʮǰʧ١С⡣֪ʱĺȫУҾﰡ 
ܳ⺿ޡ 
ҾһжˣΪְѾ뿪磬ֻʣһ˶Ҳûκεطݵҡ 
ֱˮǿ漴һ޸С 
һ뵽Щײְ֣ʬʱ̲סдźҪ𣡡 
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģһҪصӼţȻЩʮĻͳͳɱ⡣ 
ʱˮѾˡ˵һʵеĺѾղйˮ嵭еֻǻʹͰˡ 
ԭˣɱ˵ĶԼһʼսⲻʡ 
һ񶨶ؿ 
Ҫɱġǡɣ 
ǵġ 
һĶʮҷסǸҴɱ֮˽ձ 
һɱ˾Ľϱֺ¡֣Ȼ˵Լֽɱ 
һصձһֵңȥµĴ쵽һ 
ʮһֱٲһձ󣬻ûҵĻȻ¿ʼһҵеļƻ 
һһʱѼ鱨ԼصձԾӦ 
ʵҺѩͨҲǼƻ֮һӼһǰձʱǰҪǩѩѣҲΪҪ˽ڵձ 
ǸؿѩѩؿȫûΪԼ˿ĺ⡣ 
 
ѩؽл 
ǻͨţҲ֮ꡣ 
˵ģܸͨҾú֣ܿҲŻϺ㡣 
ȻݱȻ㵱ɺѣģҲƭģϣһ㡣 
ĵһ˸жĻں޵صͷһȻ˵Ҿ泩ԴѩͽһϺ֮һֱǽ̸ĺÿ֣ԼеĶȫٵѾûκֵûˡ 
ţ̾ķ߹ȥȻ˵ҰɣһҲûˡӦ̾ңձĽ־ٴأ 
ʱһԱس嵽ǰ 


6

ž 
һİ 
ֻգȻؿŴ־ 
־ˮʵ˵ɵϡô˵û壿ǧݣ 
־ 
¶һԻı顣 
־ȥ۽ǵˮض˵ҰСѧʱ飬һֱְһʱߡԶҲǣҵİְСΣҲҹ˼װְְ 
ô˵ҵ梣 
գ۾ʵ 
ʲô־ã 
ѩȻŴ͡ 
ԱһʵĿɿڴ 
ʱ־еִŴŵ 
ӼһǰձʱżȻĻ¿Ǳݡҿվ̨ϵʱһΪʱüֱһģһʱҲͣԼʧٶǧܲǵ֮ǰһֱһġһֱСʱƬϰٸеƣʱͻƬʱ裬Լһ͵͵ܵкȥ㣬ʱŸСѧŴ·ģÿɰѽǰʱҾһֱ룬ڵأţ;ԼùµԺ̨Ͽ㣬ＸѾ϶áǣʵ벻͸ôйӼ֮ҲμӰƥ˶ʱżȻĻʶһҪӼͬУҪæҽѧա룬ֻҪлӽ㣬һ֪ʲô¡ 
һԵ˵ǰΪҶӼŽвһ൱ȤΪ־ĵЩйǴӦѧˡǣ˭뵽󾹱ӡ 
־߽ҡη·ʧ˵ǧݣǻձȥɣйһһġ㲻ҪΪԼǹµһˣҪ˵û壬㣬ǧݡ 
־ҵ梡 
˵ţֵ 
־״Ͻӵһͷʹޣ˼ҲΪ֮ᡣ 
 
СĽʱ˴ҵע⣬־Ҳʱֹסˮ 
ҡҶ㡭һֱ 
С 
˫С˵ԲСΪҵԵʣ㱻ǻɣǣǲѡ 
˵ʵҲ˵ȥˡ 
Ȼת̾ڶ˵߰ɣ 
̾ǰ档 
 
һıӰе 
ͣ½Ųعͷ 
룬ÿ˻϶塣 
һؿ 
Ϊϻкܶ˰㣬ҶĽˣ֪𣿡 
ûлشֻǷ·˼˲ͷȻǰߡ 
һٶȴ˵Ҷڵ㣬Ͽ쳥 
⵱ȻͷԽһ΢Ц 
һһ£ҲЦӦ 
ԡǡСǧݡֳ֣ 
ȻһĿǰ޷ô𰸣һһټЦ̡ 
βתۼѾ˶죬һ˻صձҲһ¡ 
ˣһÿ컹ǻԼһعǸϵ龰СĬĬͷӰҲٿԺС 
ʱСȻϴɱ˵ӣȴԷߡ 
ˣһûлС˵ټ뿪Ϻ 
֪Сôˣ᲻ΪҾٷжһģһģһ͸ˡ 
뵽һɦͷ 
һǱ߷ʲôƬպð 
ѩüͷ˵ 
 
ǲСˣ 
ѩ˽ңǺҴСһ𳤴÷ 
һѩһͷ 
ҪСġ 
һġ 
һϵƬһ 
ҲǸ߹㣬û𣿡 
ѩ˵ţʼȥϺƬ 
Сĺϲϲ붼뿪벽ȴҽ⿪¼ӲطֿСһ޷½ҡ 
һСû 
ô֪ 
Ҿ֪ 
ٺٺ٣ 
Цӣ 
һû˵ 
ٺٺ٣ 
ѩǲǷʲôˣ 
֪ 
ѩ۾һԵЩͷشУ˵ 
ҿԸ˵ȰȥϺĿĸң˳Ϻз⣬Ŀľʲô 
Уô˵ó 
㲻˵Ҳ㡣 
ѩԵ͡ 
ǵġ 
ڿ˵ˡ 
šΪֻһ£Ҳֻ˵һĿġ 
ã˵ɣ 
ܲܽԼѩϴ˵ڡ 
ǣһ˵ԭҹȥɫ鿯ġû취ͬѧ˵ҪԸ߼۸ҹ򡣡 
ѩüͷ˵һǸ̬ 
ιҪ˵Ү 
ѩӱƺһתͷȥ 
ѩڸֵ˵ˡ 
һôһʣѩŭ·һ˲ȫʧֻЦݵشӿڴóһš 
š 
ģҿҪ 
˵ţһ 
Удҵţ㲻Կ 
ѩðŲصӵ¡ 
״һֻһ˵Ȼˣѿ֪˵ 
ѩͷŷó 
š˵ҹûڵӽһȰȺúõسԼС־һпվͻңȻĿǰûа취˽ԼжֻҪ˸ů֧֣һ죬һ˽ġˣĻлþһ־ÿҶ˵ܹ֮ط꣬һǰְ֮ıӣǾԲʧȥ˴ˡˣѩŶҲټˣ￪ʼʡԡ 
滹Ϊʲô 
һʡ 
ѽǸûйϵһθС˵ռǱ˺¼ҳ룬ĽһѾֵǼҳӦдйҵ顣Ҳ뵽ܻȥǱռǣԲŻ⽫Ƕڳӵбձ˲˺һϣŮּȥʵҵѾԼİְֿҾ֮һʱһֱûижеĺжǶ²֣ڿɱ֮ҲиƻұйܷɵС̣ȵҳʼոµ֮·ʱҽҪʲôּȥֱڣһûҵ𰸡һ㿴 
ѩֽһ¶һ 
СǧҮ˵ˣдšһлأ 
ΪʲôҪл 
һʡ 
ѩûлشֻԽȥݽһ֮ͣҲŵԲɱһңһСĸоһҲһ 
ôã 
ǰΪдһŸѽ 
ѩ˵ߴӵóһݸһΪС֪ҵסַԾ͸ŷһȻҪҽת㡣 
һŵɫŷ⣬һů˲ܹȫ 
һϿԼţȷһСǲǻ 
ѩĴߴ£һС˺ŷڡ 
ʱƺԸоõһȵĴ΢΢ش͹ 
һ֮¼弯 


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