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ѾҡʲôйִԺйǰν綨йĵһЩйչҲʼͼԡʵ(experimental art)桰ǰߡȷavant-gardeͼ½綨й ͼҪɣǷбҪȻáǰһѾʱĸйµҲ׷йĿǰǷ񻹴ڡǰ˼߻бƳͻ⡣Ӧ˵ġǣȣexperimental art (ʵ)֮һǰһҲǴġ1960вáʵȥ綨ҸΪʵ顱һ̫ΪҪĲʵ鱾ʵʲ᣿رĿǰйʵ鷽򲢲ȷ¡Ҫǣýһʵǰᣬ1980ʼ20йҼһֱʹáǰһй ۵ʹãй˶ԵúйǰĽͱѾΪйʷһɲ֡

Ĳϸִǰôʻαõйʵеȫ̡ĵ۵ڼ顰ִԡ͡ǰĸйĶԣǺԭﾳеʹ ʲôͬǻ֣ᷢġִԡ͡ǰʷأͬʱҲͳġԪ˼άйءǣҲһ۾ڵĴԴѧѧϣϰһʵ⡣Ϊؼйڹʱеĵλ淢á 
1ͬġִԡ(modernity) ġǰavant-gardeйִԡ͡ǰһԵĸ
йǰִһӡǣִַ͡ԡ͡ǰģȫ෴ġִ롰ǰУǰpolitical avant-gardeǰartistic-cultural avant-gardePoggioli˵ѧǰsociological avant-gardeѧǰaesthetic avant-gardeBurger, CalinescuHabermas ȨеǰͲۻһѧ˵ǰаѧʥţSaint SimonȽǰһӦͬսʿһа߳ҪĽɫ ǰִ֮ѧֲ֮Īһµ---ִԣͬʲ׼еִ࿹⡣ִŽѧ߿ƼѩprgĿӋԵȵȡĴв׼Ļ෴ѧִѧǰҷһв׼ʻ֮⣬֮ȥѰ桢ơйִѧǰٵܵ˼йʱ컯۵Ӱ졣 ˼йʱ컯Ĳɴչɺִ̳У磬еġĻҵۣcultural industry˼컯۳ѧִߣǰǣΪʱġǷϵɡ˼ǰҲǽִԵĶԪ۵Ļ֮ϵġɴۣʱ컯ǰǴֶĲҸºеִǱΪʱִʹĻľӢ 

ԴˣѧǰͳΪֵʵеĴλɺԣѧǰǰִԵġ˹ԣ19ͳֵ徫񼤷ִԵʶִʶԼصʷн˳Ÿոչȥִ岻ӱؾ˴ͳ֮ĺ蹵ǣˣ˹ԣĳ̶ֳϽȻǸոȥѧִԴͬһʱ 

ˡ磬˹Ϊѧִʱִԣִ֮ķҰɷѧ̵ִĽ ִ̣˹?ΤMax Weber౻Ի򹤾ԣ(rationalization)ΤΪĻִԵǽڽ̺ζѧ֫Ϊ򣬼ѧºÿһɴڳ˵ĸרƿء䵼µĽĻרҺʹ֮ľ󡣿ѧºķѵ˲ͬר֮ĶԼѧƻγɡǿµѧͺڸ۵ʷѧѧӴͳѧѧнųִʷѧĵѧơ˼֮ķ/춨ִִԺѧǰоѧʷѧ 

֮ǰִչʾǶԪ۵һ档Уǰֻעκʶ̬Ƿģͬʱǰֻ׷Ϊһ統19ȳ˺Ϊ20ǰ40ġͳǰcanonized avant-gardeߡʷǰhistorical avant-garde˶ҪƶִӾĶ˵ִ塣Ĵѧ˵Greenberg ִġۡĸ߶ȶʱе̵Դִ֮ʼѧ¡ѵ
ңѧǰһ˼ǷͷͳΪѧǰѧǰԼʽĶչ͸µʷ߼֮еġ

ڡִԡľӢڵѾִĲʶ档ӾĽҲƽŲôͳ͵ӾԴƴշ׵߸ǰһʣ1970ִһƬѾйǰִԵġۡȻٵӰһЩойֵʷרҺҵۺжϡֶԪƺĵѾû̫г۷رŷйĵʱȴóһе˵ǣߵǰӦͳѧǰбǰ

һӡ?˶࿨Bonnie McDougallӰ㷺ġѧִй(1971)һУ20 19201930 йѧҪ̽һЩйĭܵǰ˼ѧ˶塢δӰġ McDougallյĽǣй2030Ļ˶㲻һǰ˶ͬʱʱйĻͲɳĹŹ쳣ǰϵӰֻǳڶִԵĳ嶯ĵʱйĻĲͬǶԵġеŵȴͳѧִԺѧǰۡ磬McDougallйĻ˶ĽҪ㡣һĻ˶УȫҼ뵽Уܶ˵ 뷨ܴͳй֪ʶһΪι̵ĴͳθеظһҲͶʱУ޷طͳ׸仰˵̫ữ̫νɫȱ˼ʵǡǡǰҪص㡣 McDougallĹ۵˲ѧ߶ֵйձ鿴Ϊй֡߱ѧ޴ǺͻϵͳԼʷ߼ġйǰҲֻܱΪǰܹѧǰᲢ۵

ǣܷйĵ󣿼йִʷ͵ڽ̷ִԴδĩĶԪۺǰı׼ȥСй֡أУͷչģʽǷйֵǶȳйֵǻ֣ᷢйִԿʼ֮йһִԵһ֡ͼڽ̼Ϊһл壬ˣ˵ữһֺгʽ컯ʽ
2йıУִԺǰĸһԵģȫִͬ˵ĹµҳΪйִԺǰĺݡ
Ӣĵġavant-gardeйѧгȷ桱Ӿǰоͳ˧ȷζġȷ桱һʣйŴ伮С磬塷˿ڵġ޴󽫣λȷ桰 ֱ20 30ȷ桱ʲųйĻСʱһЩ˼ӰҿʼתԶġȷ桱ָйʱиԵ޲׼ѧ30Ϻļ֮һΪȷ桷30ں80ࡰȷ桱ͬʳ㷺ã硰ִ³¡ȣָǰѧ Ȼȷ桱һֱ1932ų򣬵ڴ֮ǰйѧûȷĹʵ

һִʶʹǰĻ֡ȻִԵ塢ʷ߼ԺִԵ岻ͬйִʷĳʼ׶ΣִĹ̾ͲǷѵģһ塣й˲ѰºͿѧ֮ϵĶǽϣڽ̺ͿѧҪΪһȵǰ񣬼ǿθϳִһصǣһٶʱʱй˵һ˼߼γ׵жʷʱԵ߼ԣ׷󳹵׺͹ȥļֵ۶ѡصǣǿҵҵʶһ˼άռϲͼƴͳĵ򽮽԰󣨷ͳһǿҵĵԵɫʵķֳһԵǣȻڶͳΪлǣÿִ˼ʱǺͻƺӱضΪһбӡ³Ѹ80ġ䡷ԳǵļУӰءԻƺӵĿ롶䡷ԻɫкͶɫһµġйִȣʵͳġĺ׵شʷ߼ʱյִԡġͳʵֻǴոģһȨ˵Ǵ1718͵ķ˶ʼġ½Ϳѧ𲽷չɵʽʽѡʵϣִʵ͵Ļ̵ĺ߼ķչǸײ´½ĵĺ߼Ľ ִĹֳγɺɵĹһġǣйִԱھеĻ̵ʱγԼִᣬ԰ڡʱʶ󲻶γɵııֳĻݡ;ҳ֮ΪйִԵġһԡʣTotalityķʷʱ߼ķصԼĵλһص㡣ⲻйִıʣͬʱҲĹҵִԱʡ

һִԵʶ£йִϡһǳۣʹִᷢ׼ڽ̵áӦ˵ǡǡǴͳصִתԽԪ(1868-1940)ʱл汱ѧУ˶֮ǰ꼴1917꣬ˡڽ̡˵ Ȼб˹?Τ˵ºͿѧִԻص㡣Ԫ೫Ӧͬڽ̺͵һʹˣΪй̵ִУսӦСȻڲڵ¹ѧܵ˿µ׼Ӱ죬ȴ˿µĺġһЩܲԪӰɣΪԴ׼ڽʽУǻڶйƽˮȵľĹػ磬ַߵġΪһóζϵʽ黳ۡΪе棬þڱĳڽ̵С ˼챯ͽ׺ΪѧԺʵ滭Ҳõ˳ֵ֣ʽǰкܴЩͶ˵ġʽ塱еˣٵض˵滷˹ע磬޹ (1906-1985)ݵ(1902-1969)һЩ1930괴ľҵƷ 

ǽͳҡáתΪִġʵ塱塱ΪĻԵĲ棬ΪѧΪõĴʡʵֲй20͵ĸ˶ǰҲ⡣20͵ĵ2ʮ䣬ӿй˼УʵʹĵĽӰΪѧۡʣ19071912ڶſ˴ѧѧϰʵ˼Ӱ죬ܵйעʵ˵ Ǳģ滷ֶΡҪ֪ʶνζѧѧ߼ľʵʣͳǾĿռ䣬ضʱҵѡ񡣡 

ǽͳʿġƥ𡱵۵תΪ֪ʶֱӲĻȻĻ˶УӢĿںţջǽйͳڵķ˼˼ĳӰ졢30ĻԼ1937սıĸתΪڡҲݱڻ ˶ľ滭˶ʮֽͷҵĿںŷǳʿռʶسԼΪǰȷ档 30ʵ(1902)մΪɡ ǣʱڵġȷ桱ʶڡСʲ׼֪ʶӶƶײġͬ顱ֻеЩҵӰԺתγɡȷɴ˾ӱ׶ΡȣɾӢ/֪ʶΪתƽڻҲë˵ģԭȵġСʲ׼̥ǣת˹޲׼ӪһԱ֮ȷմҸ˶ԾȹĵתΪ׼µĸչߣӶ˸塣תмȰʶ̬ת䣬ҲԵת䡣Ȼйǰߵתʮ¸ʱڵǰԼīڼδ塣 ǣ 3040йȷյת䣬ȴºͼ߼öࡣеҪԭǣй30ǰ --- ľ̼ҵִʶǰң֡˹Ͳ޵Ҫһִеͼͼ֮ϵа񡣲Ϊִʽ;ҲӦʮ¸ľ˽Ϊа ෴йǰִȴˡаء 

ǲëʱҲΪһִ͡Ϊʵ˼ϵеִܱ͡˼ѧ˵У޲׼ȻȽĺִģδδ塢аĴͳǰһµġʵִʹԴΪִʲ׼ĲƷʲ׼Ƿϵĸʽ塣ǣǰͬܵ˼ӰִԺǰУǷϵĸʽȴǱԿ϶ģΪʲ׼컯в׼Ȥζͬ۵ľӢڸֲ˹ֵʵʲ׼в׼Ȥζһӹֻĳͳֵ̽ص棩⡣ʽ۵ĸڣʽ⣬кû֣֮ʽڵķ ֻһЩɵﰲϼִŴʦֺܷͱһȻFry͸ֲ˴ϽִľλǵͳʽȴδطӳִʷʵΪʵξúȨġ岻ܽƷʽȥжϣӦĻģcontext֮ĻĽǶȥжϡ磬һЩuҽ¿Fx\ӕroԸNC@ʾo@\YĩoԇDrڵĹĻĘӰ塢Ƅӵ^ļĳxˇg\ӡ ˼˼вͬţʲ׼ƽӹЮaAȤζȥУZx;ܳoRtˇgӳ@NFκƺǴڶ˫˼ȻǽԪ۵Ļϵġ

ȻëʱйԼͼѧġѧԵĶص㡣ǣëʱй˼ά۷棬׵ܵĶԪķӰ졣һЩйͳ20ڻڵĶ룬ΨΨġԿ塢Է1940Ϊй۵Ի20ͳйһִҲ򼫶ˡڡΪηУˇg׃һӹһƷˇgˇg鹤뵽^ġһʶ̬֮СйʮġһԡִΣڡ

ĸйִٴγΪҪע󣬶ִԵ˼ƺַ20ͳںˣ ԡһԡִʶ׷85˶ֵΪȷͼԽëʱĸոսʱ˶ģʽжʶϣչԡԷ֯ȺͼȾкǿԡϣΡԡ¡ڽǱһԵ˼ġ85˶һ׷һ̵ִ˼20ͳĴĻ˶еʵԣʱдġ85˶һн롰ġĻ˶ϵ

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βձSots ˹ʻг⣬Ϊǳڹ սʱֵģҲΪʱйʼг1970ĩSort ҵȡ˳ɹûһҵϸΪɹβ뿪й෴أйĵת͵ľûбɸ߼вײһ֡ЩҲǵͬȨ߼ĻӢҵǰתΪְҵߣרҵңΨΪβգڿκ;ûУͬгľ߹档βʾԶSotsӡıҲԶƵļ򵥵ʱ塢ĻҵĻ˫׵ķöࡣԣйǰáٷǹٷļ򵥶Ԫʵǲ԰׺ġ Ծ199312µġŦԼʱ־ΪһλŦԼʱ߽йǰ¡־ӡзĹͷƷһб⣺ŭǴǷܾй ȻָƷʶ̬ԾйǣʵǶһ۵̡ ԣν綨йǰȫ龳иΪӡȫʶ̬ĽǶȿǰģ 
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ڶ1980֮ǰļ塢Ⱥʶ淴90йһǼ˵ǿ˽顣һ֡vs.ˡһԪ۵ģʽھȫ򻯺ʻĳ£ģʽΪСһλӰִоѧߣᣬ˹Anthony Giddens ˵ִԵһʼȫӰµġԡ͸ʧġ˽ԡ֮ľ롣 ʹ뵽ͳĶԪۡйľ龳ǷǷֱӰ쵽йһ˼ǶƺйĵѾСƷʱԽǡˡľԽʵָӽųƷʷȺĻϵƺȫ򻯱ضȫġʵġݡȫ򻯱ضʹйұΪȫһԱglobal citizen˵ŷǳ˽Եġֱ׼ʷͨǣǷйеÿáк;ʧȫ򻯺ͶлѾ׵شݻйĴͳȺʶҵϵģʽӶʹΨһܹǼƬ˽˵ճ飿ЩִоǷԵͬĨй˴Сʫδʡ¥ļռ䣿ƵĹʽԻĽǷȻζŹԵγɣΪй˵Ҫһ˽ֻйǣѵֻΪҵҪѵҲй˶ԴͳʷĻԼȺʶиƺֵ𣿲Ƿײй˵Ӹԣһǿļռʻ֡ҪɵйƷǷϵġ˻롰塱Ķ80ĺĺǷûи˵أǷ90ĴԸ˼ͥСΪĵĻ滭ӰƷоûС塱ı壿ʵϣйضʷ͵龰ˡ塱individualism͡˱塱˵塱humanismһԪķй龳е塣йĻ˺һʱǵԭѾˡ磬ĸġ˵塱ѧͻ滭Ļʱڵǿĳ֡塱Ķʵĸ˸顢ֱӵкҷȵȡ1990νġ塱ģʽں̶ܴǼķʹĲгͲݲ߻ϵͳѰҵĶ󡣡˵ġ౻Ϊ˵ġȨġĵͬ 

֡塱vs.ˡ롱vs.ʵйʷʽǷ1990ֶԼˡ˻½ѾӰ쵽йƷĿռµƽ滯黯ȥԡйѾԾͲԾصִȫ򻯻Уͬʱʧȥ˶ʷ͵µԵĹע顣ǶԽԼķϵͶйʵıַ涼һָ磬ĩvideo ƷгֵĴǸߵӰӡбЩѸ͵ضйĻ޴ġĵƷϿӻбǨġƬŴƷԡһǵдʵ¼Ƭʽȥ֣ȫùԵĳԵĻýʽȥ֡ؼû顣ɶں˵ǶĪǧѷѽ 

йŮԽԽԵرעһЩҲ͸¶ŮȨĶԪķ۵Ӱ졣,йŮҷ뵽һŮȨ½ṹȥۣ壨Ůԣͳν׼ԣĽ׼㲻ԵȨṹ޴УŮҵƷǱһȸ˻ġͨ΢ġճһģǵĶζ йŮҴĽǶȥ˼ǵĴĺʽԼζʲĪǡйŮǸ൱ӵ⣬临ӳ̶ȾйִԺǰһйŮҵҪͨŮȨĽ׼ƵĹʶܻЩһĶйĴͳȨܱŮԸΪѹơǣйŮҶһı﷽ͱֵĿĿǺܲͬġΪʲôйŮҷʹôͳŮϣߡþߵȴ˲дһ˵ܶŮ⡣ΪŮرЩʾͳŮݵȥǣйŮҴſ˶ԪλõĵΪͳν׼ǵıַǱĿġתǴﵽгĸŮԡʡԼȱݣ෴תǰᡣ˵һŮˡǷǶͳѧг֣֮۴ΣһģǾŮȨԿۣŲйŮӽǺͷۡ

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