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ʵݸǸСط϶˵˵ԶԶֻһ㣬ô˵أ·еš򵥵˵Ҳǽͨ㡣
Ǹѵĺõط
Ҳǰɽˮܵ
ȴǺĵطΪһزһ
ֻҸ˵ĿΪǵزӡǺԹȴࡣ
Ҳѹ֣ﲻⲻĵطٺóԣҲԲзζʵڲ֪Ǹôȥġ
ΪԸרһ˵ˣϾ֮١ȻһΪеһҪȻôҵôõط
˵жҲã϶ԴֵһƬһƬġ֮ǸʥǿˣԡҪʺҰ˭ǰɽˮأ
ϵİܲмҲ棡
һҪһ䣬ɲΪӣȻĺܰû
ʱ紺£ҿΪѰ˵ˣûлĶأҾ˵һҲ
һֹǱҪʵڶˡ
쵼ǲøɣһСĽ߾ģˣٹǵ췴ɡ
Ҳǹٱ񷴣
СˡһֻЬɹȥбг˰Ҳǰ׵ģСܷ㣬ˣ

1˵

ܾúܾúܾúܾǰ˵
ӳݸݸӳϡƣݸس˲ӣֳһӾơ
ܾúܾúܾǰ˵
һѵõң̣ޱȡСôһҾơ׼ʱļױ
ܾúܾǰ˵
С㻹ûˣͱףԭꡣԾ޹⣬ټҰݸ
ܾǰ˵
ҵвҵСߵʱûдΪױҾơСͬҾƵ䷽Ҳˡ
ǰ˵
ҾƳҾ׮ϣӦҵľ׮ԭеͶˡǮֻͨӾƸ߳һ㡣
ΪزǼ飬ΪԽصĶԽ˵ĺġںĵʹ£֪ʲô顣
ˣûġҼǮ벻ıˡҾƵҲңҲ˵ˣĿǰݣǲҪ̫أһȽϺãȫ
˾Ҫӻ
˵С㲻Ǳ˻ʲôˣֲ˵һûǸõġô벻⽨̺
һ룬Ӧ˵ү˲ԼŮҲʹģŻ뵽ҪҡֵطС˵ܼǿûѰС
ʲôطʲôʱͨǾûűҪúܶࡣ
һҲͬ
СҪҶ֮ˣȫǹȫȫҵûеһʱһ߳ȥѾ㲻ˡ
ȻҶϵûүôŮҶϵɱүǮˡҵİĶʵϵġ
ҵļҲǺܱˡҲһ˳ģһ㲻ڻ£лϵۣлҶϵҲһˣ
Ҫ˵ҶǮǱԭǮʱ򣬻ҪǮͶˡô߱ˡǼסڿǮˣǮ֡뵽̲סЦ
ȻЩǲĵģҵ̬ȡоҪͶҪ˶Ӵܸá
˵⣬ȻҪһүȻһкܶҪˣҵͥԺ֪ˡ
Ӧ˵ҵԺˣͶԶұиŬ׷
Ҫתˣ
ԺѾҵá
ֻǼ̫һ㲻̫ãǴɨԭӶ˶ˡ
ʼһָһϴ¡ɨӡڣЩһҲǸ¡Ҳòӵ㹤ˡ
ݸĴСʱڣ˵
Ҵʱ԰ǽƽʱˣֵܵطǽһҲİʱ䡣
ǸֵгլͨǽеģȻô
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룺ũҵһôǣ֮ĹϵܣǸͨѶҪʱ˸п֣
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ǰǹҿɼǺģأýź˵үҪȥء
ңӦðѰˣз硣徲ӹˣ
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ǸҲǸ̫ʡĵģĶ͸ҲͦѰǶ˲£ڱܣҾƽƽعӣҲʵڲǼ£

2̷Ǳ

ǰϰߣ³ɲǰĴĳˡ
ȻûзĴƮִˮҲ
ֻǲҪҵҾͺãΪҵ˳˾ʹ⣬ұ䲻ţ١
ԺͼֲˡݹӸңҶˡ
ʵЩ˵ģͺñҡԺǿݲһ׶ߵСʵûа취ʹϵһ
ҽӹҽҾͿʼһһ飬ô
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һҧһڡȿȷ̵ģҲͦ𡣰ٵݰǷְɣһͦãôܡ
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ðɣⲻƭҲó
Ҫô˵ЧͶԵءôãôһҲءÿζõҺ۾
ôƭˣҵľƲҲģ
Һһûͨģñ˼ҺõӾƻء
񣬰˳ɰҵɼˣ϶ðαƷء
һҵҾ̵ʱģҿû˵ġƭ˭ˣ
ɱ˶ΪСҾơ
ôΪƨ£ܹܵ˱ô˵һӾƣҵľôǰ׼ˣǮģǮ⵽
Ҳ
ʲôǵģûʲô캦¡㻹ָҷ㹤Ǯء
ɼٵľǼٵģ֪˭򡣡
ʲô٣˵ۣ㻹㲻˵ȥ˭֪Ϊʲô𣿾±˲֪˭뿴ôǰɣ
ذ޻˵ˣʲô¶Ҫһۡ
㻹Բԣҿɶˣû¿ȥʣԸҲҪ˵죬˭˵һ쵽ţҸ˭
ҵĹǲûеģ³׳͵ǡеĶûУþСİɡָϳˡ
ڵӻصء
ҵĲҵҲûʲôǮｻͨ㣬뾭Ҳûôס˵ҲʵûйҵԶ롣
һƬ֣мƵӡֻҪǮǮҲν
ǮҲҪȥġȻ˲ָһʲôҲǮ
ӼѰ

3

һְֺ޵ļڣ
ΪԴʽÿȹӣԺܰڡΪ̫ˣƯȹҲ봩Ժܺڡ
ģԵĻӾ
ָΪǿң¹Ҳһࡣ
ȥʱ̫æһ쵽ôٱšû˼ˡ
ֻǽӹ̫úܰݣһ˹һҸ⣬Ҳûʲô¡˾ǲܹߣëô߳ġϧҲ÷ôƯȹ
ȵþͲͷˣȳĶȷ硣
ϵ֪˻ڲ֪ؽšȺ˱ñ꣬ЩϸĵϰӦ֪յĺô
ҳϣҲǸϰ塣κʱ飬Ҷڵһʱ뵽ҵϯԱ
ǲеģ̫
ЩˮҪھˮһ£ŲŻһ䣬浱
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ⶼҪˣǻﳪøˣ˾ķǶ⣬Ǿ徲ˣ
ľȻ
˵ЩûõģپҲˡ죬ô̫Ҿ
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СӣҪϷˡǰûʲôϿˡȻЧֻܻˡ
ҪǰЩ֪˶׽ұһĴˡ˵ٶΪá㲻Ҳһĺ
ȥ֪˻ǽеûûˣ
ʵƽʱǲϽֵģɽѵõ꣬ˬֲ󣬲ôɡҲû⡣
ҾѵõĺȥѲҵĵ̡
ҵĵѵõ֣˵ҵľӪӦûֱӭŵ
һʮϢ̫Ͱ졣ҸʲôھҲ⡣ҵָ֧ûѾǰӪеˡ
һǳʲô״
Ҿƣ˵һ飬ҾƸҾߡ
ӣҪĶǸСӣƢɲһˡˣͬ鷢ڱ˵ϣͲһˡǱ˰ڵϣһǳɰòС
֪ʱǸһ۸ʱΪ̫Ҳһ۸ֻҲ̵ǳ⣬б۸Ҽһӡ
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̻ûأûôС
㲻˵˵͵𡣡յҶ˵С
Ҳ̧ŴյĶߣ˵ĵ͵ˣɲ۸ҲǺܴӦ
ҷᵽСȵȹڣOȣֻţȹӸֻ¶ż⣬һֻҲȳЬ廨Ь
һʪ̱ϣˮ˳ͷʣҶˣûһԣ

4

һֱôš
ãƤЦⲻЦؿҿ÷ëҲٻֲڡ
ôһӣһҶӵĿ⡣ȻǱץˣ㾭ٶ꣬ĺƤŮˣ¹ҲǾġ
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ҼþգȻ¶ңͲҪΪǿ
ѿǣЦЦ֪λӣкιɣֱӸ˵ˡ
㣿ˣΪС
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ңҲȻͷ档ȻС
ҵûٱ˵ˡ뽲û½꣬Ҫȹصˡ
ҵı飬˼棬ôżǰҲ𣿡
һ׮׮ҲûʲôҪɲ춼µġ˽ܾû
ﵽĿ
˵ӻɡһҪҼСȥԼҵﰴڵϣҲСҲȥ
󵨣ߵӺǳ⡣
ĿȥһȻҵģûɱһҶǸ˵ģǳǿˡ̲ס룬Ҫ׸ۣһر꣡
ȻҾơ
Ц˵Ҿƶõġùӵ¶С綯֡
Ӧ֪˵ҾʲôʱҾƲûдߡ֪ɷ£
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ʹӣһôҵ£СľôҲ˾֪ĵزǴӺδģ
˵Ҿ˵ЩԨԴֻܸźá
ԨԴ˼ԨԴ˿ɲ࣬һһְۣһ飬˭ôˡ
ӿˣȻӺҾԨԴһ֪ҾƵĳҲ㲻ϣС⵵¡밮ҲҽľҲôϧһݳġ
ҹͣ΢Цܺá
֪һл˵
ܺã˾ϲ˵˵ԡϲ˲֪˭ʱǰ˵Щйϵİԡ
ҪҲףֻСҾҲܵӦҲ֪СҲ䷽˰ɣҿǻ˴Ǯġ
ͣ۾Цſö˵
ҾƿǳԹ
أ
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Ӹղ˵ҾƣҵϾûЦ̧ͷҵҲЦЦǹҲ˲֪ʲôƵġ
ãȻǹΪҶȫ£ؼкúƷܺȵλľҲ£￪ۺˡ
ˬˣǾ͸Ӹۿۼۣһǧ𣡡

5ռı

ٴκ۵Сۣɫޱɡ
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ĬҶáֻǹ֪ǰЩҵչܲƣҸϵǿˣҾȫҲֻȻذꡣ˵ûǲˡԹĿΨһľء
ʱϱҡ˵ĻӶҪðˡһɵףҼ˵Ҽұ˱ճ⸮ڸֻСһӦССǵСҲܾ죬ҪһָͷҲһµĶΡ˹ӣȴӵ˸ˡ꣬ҿǲܵµġǹ˵㣬ҿ㹦ʵϡټЩԳɱʵǱǮˡ
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ڿˣСӲ֪ʲôʱѾվվҵˡ
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ܸߣ
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תο鷳ˡ

6鷳

찡⻰ͷţˢһһƤ
ʲôڼҶסɽˣ鷳
йˣ鷳ж󣿡ϣҪٴҴˡ
ҿ佫Ӧǳ͢ˡ
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Ǹ˲СķҲǸûĵķЩϵ
ȻǮͲ鷳
ʲôҿǮԸġõĲ𣿡
ܾûװóһǧôĿˣԲһˡҪǹȥǵһ̫ù
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ҾⱲһͺŹг𣬲ȻҶ֮ƺͺŹгϴҲ㱻һŹҭ֮Źҵùˡ
ΪԴ갢ĺŹǣҵϾûû˵سýŶ
֪ʲôýŶ𣿶Ӧ֪ýŵְҵɣνýŶýųĸֵطഺ
ʮΣǸͷԤе鷳û벻ģýйص鷳ýŶֵġ
Ҹ߼ҾƵϢ֪ʲôʱʼߡһԾݸ׸
һʱ䣬ҼͥУɲгˡ
ˣһҪǮġַ֣һģͨýģ޷ǳԲϷˣûǮҪˣǿҪһԹٷģԾ壬Ҳš·ȱǮ˵ĺ츻һ
һ˾ýţǰͷ紫Ǯˣɵ׶Ǯ˭Ҳ֪
ԲǰǮǲģжǮһӱ˾֪ˡ
ݸýţȫӿҼңвҼҵż̤ƣĲݵļƣ
˽ĵýš˽İӣģǵںԺҪءҪҳ԰ӳԵҲԸ⡣
Ҳǰ취һĳ࣬һҲ֡
ȴ㱻ҭ㲻ҪҳԶʱ˵Щòã˵ˣЩ˶Ǹ׵ļʲô
ҪǲЩýˣǲưոݵġ
ҾͲˣΪʲôǼҲɣֻϰ壬衣ף࣬Ͳࡣʲôϵ
ʵƣҲôĸƷʣһǮɣôû˸ʲôġȻ˸ףҲޣҲе
Ƕ֪˵㣬ԲҪװ
̫ѨͷʹЩǹ⣬ôŬҲðϿ˵ĹùϵãֻҪңҾͿԶκξһҪ𡣺ȢϱҲڡ
ǵˣ

7ýý

ȥɲˣҶųˡ
Ϊ̫æˣҪרĽӴýšЩҪǮģԸײ㲻ͬʵʿʵڲвýЩרҵʿ͡
Ҽҵŷۼݸýš
ڵ׼ѾάֻҪеĳ̶ˡʵô˵Ҳеί
Ǻܾĵģÿҹ˶Ժ󣬶ðڷ棬ڻҪھ»ˡڶϣѰӰãһķݣȻ͵ʲôʱˣԼȥ˳ԡ
Ҫٲ棬Ҫ԰ӳԵˡΪҵҪҸϱˣ
ֻ벻ףΪʲôǱȱ˻ļأҵҪҲ߰
ҹûƽʱһԺʳǡΪûʳɳˣҰ
ҲҵļңѾҸĲˣеҵķҲǵطԽԽãԽԽáǱ𿴶٣ҿҪġ
լӣȻԭĸ֡ѴͬˡǰԺ˵ĴڰӴýš
ҾͲˣôýӦҲвٸи֣ôûһģֱӰѰ㶨͵ˡ
ԭ˷ҺܲϲԺӵ棬԰ĺ棬Ҫϰ졣ʲôС¥ү鷿һҲûҪе鷳СʺϽݲؽнɲصĻ
ҺͰסǻ԰ǰĻǰǿͷܿ԰ĺ÷羰ǰҲԺӡдǸԺӡҲΪЩѡΪҵӵġǰҵĴˡ
Կͷˣڱһ᷿ҺͰһںͰסţǰѡ
ʼͬ⣬˵ŮͬһҲ㡣òáҵĿ£ͬˡ
û취ôĵطסˣƽʱҶӵ㹤аӶ϶ԻؼңסҪǰҹ淭ԺӸ˶ûȥ
ڰȻķ䣬ʱȥֻһطǾǳ
ϴĲԸ⡣ʵûз˧ľ򣬿ҵ£òԹԾͷڶĴڣٻеĵӡ
ĳֱƷ˧ļƣѵȷҪ
˵ҵʱڳ棬ҲǸģܴ󣬿ֳһӦȫҶµġ
Ʒ˽֣ȻǷȭѹְƤܽ˳ýŴˡ
컹԰ӰҰҲҺ̫ԡڵɫƣһǲҪˣȻ˵ӶԲˡ
Ҳû취ûʱȥЩ顣
֪֪ҸϽͷûй˼֪æģ˰ɣУԼҲС
㣿˰ɣҲû޷ӡͷ̧۲˵
ˣ˭һͳأ
Ǹô˸˵ýûһģ̽ʡ
Һ˵ˣԼƽ
ǲǹģѵĵҸͷ
ҪҾȥЩýŰɣҪңҸѡѡȻ˻˵ҳĵء
ôҳף
ңʲôϵ㲻𣿡ûиһͲˣҪ治飬Ļûа취ЩýţʵҲǲԣֻǲӦ˵ɣ
ǣ
Ϊʲô룿
Ҫһ죬ҪˡѵҴһ𣿡
˵סˣûһܰҿԼܣ
̾һڣҵ˵ģٶġ
Ҳ̾ҵˣ
ҪΪңɲˡû㣬ҪҲһԵġҲұˡ㲻̫࣬ҲΣиǰҾ˵ֻǱڣóȥ
ûϵ˰ɣԼס
ҵͷٵͷУУУ
Ҵ󺰣⻹ͷһءֻܺúϣʵ˷ƢǺܿµġ
ˣҲ˵档
첻԰ӣҵи취Щýšӵ˵

8һ

òװѰ˻
ҺĵȾƣҾơ˵ĵȻȫҵﻹС̳ɢơҲǹҲǵΪҵҾƣûоġ
ǸֱӵҲ̫áЩʱҪٳȥ˵㶨ˣҲûʲôš
Թ˵غȾƣʹû취ֻȣȵ㣬ȶ˾ͺðˡ㲻˵а취ģ
취УһǾףõİ취һ˰ˣʲôⶼˡԵ˵
ǻ߱ˣҲʦʲôԶ硣
㻹˰ɣϢȥ׵ˣҿҲû١޹ӣٻҪˣҲܷЩҲʲôġҪ֪ˣЩǮҵģ˵ֱӴ˪ͺҩˡŵһ£ǰҸˣúһҵļҲҪĻ㲻ҲС
붼е°ô˵¶һ˿Цݡ
㻹˵ɣ
ѽϵЬϷɹȥͲҵãֻҪİ취Ӿ⡣Ǹɹƭ͸˵ļһҹڵһУͲϵġ
ҲС˽ңҪʲô¶ϣָٻˣ˵˵ȥǾϻȰ
Ȼ㲻飬ǾɣЦؿ
ôһЦҾͺ󱳷أ
ʲôûôء˵Ůʲôˣ
⣬ûǮûƵģģ
ҡͷ׻ҪԼž͹ˡ
ǻĵģ
һ˼ңȢҲʲôɣ
һֻϵЬڷɳȥˡҪǸŮˣ޸ϣǲʲô벻Ҳÿһ˼Ҫͣӣû룬㵱Դ׵ӺùأֻҪǸŮ˶Ը⣡
޸ϵŮˣҲǲԸ⡣û취
ˣ㹻һˣܷϴ°ʲôģû˵˭ûϹϴ°塣һ˾ͲǷˣָԴͰˡ
˵˲Ů˲𣿻ֲˣ
ҲҪôҵкǿݸСطȽϴӣʺʼϷ롣СطҼҶմףʡҪ㲻ȫݸɨΧ׷½أȻһ𱻸ϳݸ
ţ̫УҲС˻ףһ˼ҼŮҪҸɿɣ
ҿŰңû޹Ůô֪Щ裬ǲΪǮʲô¶ó
ĵĵ裬ͲŮ޸ˡ
ǿеģпնȥֳܰܽʹȥˣ
ңֳ
ԣȵ¥ס죬мȻû£Щȥ¥١ȥĳĶǮ˸оһ¾Ͳˡ
˾ˣâҿ˳һһعĲˡô˵ҲڻҪûȶ࣬ͬôǼˡ
㲻̫ж໵Ҳٰ㵱ܳͶˡве˵£ֻҪܲſھС
ֻϧ̳Ҿƣװһ̳
ڶ죬׳ۡýŵע£߽ķɹĵһ
ֳһİӡ
ûлǵļƻӦҹԻ¥ˡ
죬Ҳûлſڻ˶׿ӡû취ȥҺͰʧȥϵ
ֻһû뵽Ѿˣô죿

9Ϊʲô

ҷǳǰĿʱ
ôӵķǰûϧʧȥȴĪ
һ۸Ĵε̨ʣ鱯ʹ
ѾҲ԰ƹϸƽˡﱾûв԰ģ԰ҲҵǿҪ½ġ
Ժ԰ĵͱˣΪ˰ʹ˺ܾã뿪ˣ˵ĵǸţġҲνͷϳǵĿûֱµģҴ򰡴ģͳˣ
û뵽һеδ֪ı¡ؼʱľһءȻ԰ƽʱڹսȥҲ˵ʱ򣬵ȷе˷ֲЩǲݣЩǲˡ
žõĲ԰ҵۻƹϺ˵ҳҲˣôһܳԵĹҲ޾֮·ҷϻƹϣм಻ǶԵİɣĵҲܵԣƹϺͲһˡ
ҿЩֹһ죡
Ҫ֪ҵĳǺܴģͬʱʮȻ
׸ף⣬ҲڴˡΪƽʱҲҺͰ˳ԷʲⲻȥҲȥȥˣЩûˡ
Ҫȡѵ̫ˡŷſڵʴˣʲôûСҪܴ⡢缦֮ĶͺˡҪԣ˭ֻҪЩ
ڣҴҪ׵ʱˡʱڳҵ׸¾ءӸһӣתˡ
ӣǰӡƣƵҪΪԿܻѾԵȥˣ
һǰЩӳȥȻšֻǷһֵ£Ϊڰĵڶ硣ҴӹڰӵĶҷЩפҼҿԼýǶͻȻʧˡ
͸Ź죬һǷЩʲô£Ҳ֪ġɾʲôأ
ɹĸý֮󣬼šЩҪǮҲûˡֵ£ȻڼңһϼˣҪ԰ȥˡ
ز԰һ߳㼦ӣһŰķҵˮƽָ֮ǰˮƽˡ
һֱ룬ҪҪŪˮʯٿӣҵҲûʲôӰ죬˰ɡҲûʲôɸ氢˽
Լǰǳԣ
뷨̫ˣ̲סȥҰû취Եֻ
԰ûˣͻȻԻոȤô
ҪҼҸˣӦҲǸ¡ܿǰԺʱҲڳûˣѵȥ˺Ŀշӣ
ˣҪϰ̯ȥڿҺⷽݡ
Ҿ˵ЩշʺϽݲؽ汼⻰ȥˡ˵ýôɢˡ֪Ϊʲôˡ
Ĳ˸Ҽ
¹ôãеŮϵ٣ûټֻǿǰˣмӵ
һŮˣѹִҲᶯģΪʲô˵ľͶ䣬Ҿ˵Ĺ֡òǰļŮɣ
ãҲǼġҴͷŵϸģʱҪҸһͷٲһ塣һ¿۴䡣ȻģһĸоСŮĴ硣
ûСŮ崿˫ϸһۣ崿Ź֡ͷֻ֧˸٣ñһ򵥡˱˰ͬ磬Ȼÿôͳأ
˵ѵõǰôҾþأΨһĸоҾԲǼƯ
һһСˣڼˣǲ˿ȻһЦ
ˣҲǰҲǡɻҵһѲӵ汨ţû뵽һڶˡֻǿЦӣҿʺֶˡ
ЦˣһҲ㰡ȻǼҰôᶯ˷ģ
üôҲüˡ˾˼ġ
ᰢˡҪ͡
ҸϽʵҲһЦһ֪ӡ֪˵Ǻ֣İɣ
СúˡΪʲôСãΪָòͷԭҴСǿţСǿôҲҪֱӽСǿˣ˾òŮֳ֣һˡһǾСðɡСúСǿһˡ
еˣôˣ֪ʲôط˳һ硣
һž֪ǼϱϻǧŲûԭġȻҲǰ裬Ҳܲôడ
Ȼû뵽һ롣ҳԵļӣǰʣµİɣҪˡ

10

ҽҴӻ¥Сġ
ۿ룬ҵǰݵǸõⱲõľǣ˵ҵôζȴûзݡ
һ£֮ǰ˵ǻ¥Сİɣ
찡
սüģüģܼģܼģҶˡһҪ˵û
ΪŪСģôó
ʵеεģȥҲûа취İ취Ȼ̫ãǲ̫е٣Ҳ鷳ˣԼȢģŵġֻû뵽ٵҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ôһҹ֮䣬ýŶʧˡǱڼˣϢͨˡеĽܳɣ̻֮Ҳ㡣û뵽Ȼϲˡ
ϲҲˣĿŵشؼҡ˼ҵŮܶԶͶԶˡ
Դ֪ǸˣоͺǳԽһӬҪ˵ô˲ŮеϧϧôˣôҲǸˣǸʲ²ĸоŤˡ
Ҿ˵ҾֵֹģôŮҲŮˡͶ֮ζԡôŮ˵ˣֲȫǸˡ
ҿǸвŮԾһ
ڰҾסԺӡ
˵˵ɣô£ұǲʰ˽µġϲ˻ϲŮɣֻסһٵ֪ɣ
ȻҵĿƣе㣡пӱ˽ɡ
ȥ¥Ͱˡ
ҿ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
ˣ
Ȼأ
ϲɣ԰ˣ
ǵģǵġŽͣʲôȥˣڽе˰ɡ
ûб˼˻ҪȺ˵һɣô˵ҲҼң浱
˵㲻ûҽ
ֲĸϻ³˵ҪңôҰ˴
ǵҲûпܵģҪϲһ˵ˡ
ˣǻ¥СġʱҪɱҸպþ˴ˣ£ԾͰˡ
ľң˶Ǻ¡
Ҫ˵ܻʲôҪʲôˣȫȵĹϵ
ʱܾã˽׳յĳ̶ȡⱲôģûƹôһ֮ĶûأҶ˵˰˰ٱˣҲûԣ
ҲǣҪ泤˼ԣз֮ģôܳءﶼ棬Ҳһֱҵԭֻڿòʧǵ鷳ȸҽ鷳Ҫأ
Ǻɸ֣ʲô㶼찡ҾѹŻ治һӾͻɽ
ӦòẦġ˵ڣҿԻȫ
ң˵Ҳᱻ
Сһ׳޹ңÿңҾͺ޲һ
ûǳĶҲǣһǰ;ûеСطСģв˵ˣһСģͷûأͻҪɱ㲻ݸطƽʱѼ¶Уʮ֮ڶûˣôʱ£ȫ˵ĺҿʱôȫ
ҲǵҪݸһԭΰðҪôסȥҪǣ滹ҪӸû
ңңҵʱֻžˣҲûôࡣ˵ϻ¥ģȥ˻ʡµ㣬㲻˵Ҫôô𣿡
˵ˣ²ʲô¶ʡģõôѧأƽʱôô
ȥҽŷЬһܳΪҵĳ

11ԶĶ

ˣ˵ʲôˣ
⣬ʱ벻취ԾšȻܰϳȥ
пյʱҵΪˡǲСĵùͷˣ̫أʱֺ̱ͱ˵ľ룬һֱڶ롣˲
ʵζϣǴģҴˣǾ˵һ򵥵Ļ˵ദôֻۡЩ뷨ѣ˵ĵطô򵥣
ãͨҶûգóȥЩɥ飡
Ҷ£Žĵһ͡Ҹϳȥˣ˭ʳôҲôǷҵĴڲҵʱԹԹԵȥˣ
ڼҺǸڡ̫һ㻨Ʈ
뻨
һɺӽŵþöûֻˣݸûֻǴģҸպǰƮ䣿
һ֪ͲðȥˡٺóԵĶҲûҵСҪ
仨һλҴġȻʶ仨ûϴˡ
Ҳûϴˣȷ⡣ֻıߵˣ
Ҿѹס㲻׷ɱźͿ˰ɣûиĹҴ仨Ҳżɣ
ǲ˵û仨֣˿ؿҡ
仨֣Ҹղֻôص¶ľ͸ˡֵǣ⻨ǴժģȻή
Ȼ֣ǸýСҶС㣿
Цҵڳ֪˭ˣһο϶ҵĺӵͷˡ
ݸ֪ҵ˲ࡣ֪ׯ԰ĻϰҲûұֻһһһСá
ù֣ѾܾûˡΪתҶ֮ƣӦ˵ֲŶԡҶͷϷݵúܺôʱ䣬ĴŶûзʲô顣
˴걾밲ˣɻû찲ӣôһӾйˣ⣿һһôҵңѵ֪û
ϴˣҽСá˵ʲôˡ
ﲻ÷ˣ϶һ˭Ǿٲġ
˵ɣĹ˭ҲбҪװͿҲûôסɴҾͲװˣֻܿܰɱʲôġȻˣҿܾͱɱˣ
ʹɻ
˵ǳ磿ҲǸþöûˣǷ˧ˡǷ˧Ϊʲôң
ûǳҲں¶ĵס
˭ƾ仰ôǷ˧ˣ
½˳ƹߣԽҰ
ߣֲǽˣأ
˧𣿡
ʵЩˣһҲǷ˧ҲһȻܿϧ밲ػԵֻˣ뵽˧ţ棬ҵĶʹˣ
˧

ֵǺУ
鲻Ҳ֪ڴ˴ȷһ¡ӦþͿ쵽ˣ
ʶңǺ⣬Һǰ϶ûȻּô᲻ǵá
Һͷ˧е㽻飬ô˵ҲǻģǸҺҲû˭ɣȻ費㣬Ǹ޹ʦҲ㣬м˻ɵ²㡣ĻǲǺģ
֪ôʶңҲʶ㣡
ٸ׽ɣ뵽ôˡ
˵ʵҲ˵ʶֻ֪Ѿܾˡ
ǲ˵ҲˣӽΪҼҰɣʲô
Ȼҵˣ
ҵˣȻأ
ȻȴûӦǵȷɣ
Ҳ˵ǰŷ˧ҵģ
ǵġ
ʲôˣз˧ΪʲôҪңô֪ûģ
˵ﻹţԲҪҹġһӹı飬ʲô˲õ¡
ˣҪǲҾˣ

12롢ȵ

Ʊյ䣬ֱ˼䡣
ƱƵǲ豭յҲǲյôѾԻ̫˰ɣһ㣬ΪȲ費ģȻǸˣǰڽ鹻Ǿ˵ɣ
һһµҡȣ衣΢Цɫ񵭣Ŀ·ĶüۼȫרעװӦеӣ
ϻ˵ŮȫװҲмףô٣СЩôߣҪǲ˵Ҳû֪ҵġ֣ΪʲôЩûҵˣҾ˵СûԶ
ɫģҲûţһٰʮ飬ôˡЩҸ˵ЩĹû̹
ôأҪ϶Ǵ򲻹ȹҲ˵᲻书ôһˣٸ߳һͷɣϾ㿴ûж⣬Ҷ֮СҲǸһƻӮĿܡ
ݹȥӣû˰ڸָŬգգ۾Ц¶
ʱóסûס۾ͳ۷磬ֵǱ̨ǣҶư޺ģ
ʵҪĿǣסϷĺ⡣˭Ҷ֮Ƶû³ô׸ʲôء˵ÿοôЦоҪˡ
ǽӹˣĲ裬ҲȵġΪͨʱҶѡڲӵط֮Ķ
һҲǸͬáҲı͵ˣǾͶ˾Ͷˣ
Ѳ豭˵ǰһţ״̾ôͲǾȮء
ҰѲ豭ҵԶͷŶԶĲ㣬ֻǿû
ңҲиõı顣֪˻
˵ñ裬ر㣬ǿġԺžûźáЩأûĺáЩأ绳
Щʾ㹻˰ɡҪٲ׾ǺװɵѵҾĲӶ÷˧ҾǸĴϽ취ҵǰ
ֻǱԿ̬ȣܰȡҲһ¡ȻҲ֪Ŀǲ̫
Ҳ޷ҪһҲǸͬһˣϷ˧ˡһܺ޲ãԷ˧ΪԲʮΪ뾶Ȧ֮ڣвӬҪĸģȻйҲУ
ϸⲻвŮӣûֿܵģ
Ƿ̫࣬ܶ㿪Ҳ㸣Ƕ˵Ҳ
ǣһ鷳ҰӶá
ҲǣҰӣ
һ֪ҶҲѵѵãҪһһеˡûʲôǾԵģһеĲܣſܣ
ưƣȷҩĺöҰȻҾƣ
ȻСҾƣȻһֱҲûСľƣҾƺúȶ٣ʲô²ϡΪͨϡٵĶһ㲻Ժȵģؼʱóȴܳ䳡档
ڵĳʺϣƴһ˱װүȵȵȣҪǸȾͲˣҸõƻģʵҸȺҩҵҾƸҲʹءӶˣҪҲҪȵء
ǣǣɵǣ鲻ģ벻ֻת뿪һµʱ䣬ٴβҵƿ֮ˣϵԣҲû죡
ǸɫӰߴͦΣҲģЩҲӦϵĽߡ
ͻȻǸ˭˵ţǵǺЩ˽һ𣬾ǺЩ˽һ𡣿Ǻ˭һҶϣǰ
Ѿ裬ľҲҪӳȥˡ˭ܽҸطҿˡҶǭ¿ô㲻Щˣ
񣬺ɫǧ겻ĺɫ񣬾뾡취Ϊ˲Ҫͷ˧ʱ򣬳ֵȴ
ҪǼǲɱģȺͷ˧ˡٶٻȴã˵İžӲҲҪпӣ
һ£⻹Ǹģҵúʹ࣬ҲҪǼ磬ҾͲʹˣֱȥˡ
ţôͶˡôҲе˰ɣ
һһһ߹ȥڷǽߵĿǲˡֻްǧˣԶûһʱ
һûأɺּһ
ԽԽԽԽģվ̫£˼ҺɫҲܴû۾沿ȺԲǣҵǸ֣ұµùȴ
֪ʲôӣŵˡƺһҲûϧ˼Ű£ҲһͿ˵ӦñȽʺЩ޵Ļ档
㲻޻棬Χߣô˵ҲӦôѪȣϧôõĵطȻûѪ书ˣҲܿóֻʲô!
Ǹ˳ƹ?ôһ¾ͱŵأЩνĸ֣Ҳ˰ɣ
ľ̳ӣ΢Ц˵

13ʲô

λεнУ
Ǳ߻ŸŰ۵ģҾɿҲɿҪҪݾñطϷ룬ǰıšο񣬻浱ǰ׳հ
Ҳܲϼ֮ǰ뵽һȽϰȫĶ԰ףԽԽ˧ˣ
ߣ
ϰ߶û䣬˭ñӺҡҪǶкɫǻ𣿻һϰҲû䣬ǽҼҴš
ֻǹҼұˣҲͦ۵ġҪǹ򹻺ãءٵеı£ǰǽͷǲһġ
Ҳ۸ָָϵİܲҼɱ˷Ż𰡣
ģˣ
ûˣ
ιҼҰ㲻Ҫôźòá
׺ݣĵ׷ôҲ˼֣û£
ӹò
ǼҺãûϵɣ߰ɣҲˡ
ߣ
ҪĻҴҲԲҪҲ򲻹ˣˡ
㲻ߣߺˣ
ҪȥҵøϽˡǸรɣɱ˹ˣͺûϵˣ
ֻôأ
ǰˣýҲ֪ȻҲòܣܲܵȲ˵̬⣡
תûأͱסˡڽˣû˵أʹˡǰѡʡˣֱӴ
ôǱͨ죬ֱ治һֺеκһûȡ
ڣ飬ſҡ㻹˼ޣסΪˣҪ˾ͺˣҾͲ÷ȥˡûôס
סңԺжһôôŤˣ
ĲΪСӿˣҲĿġһΪô˵ҲǼҵĴ¡ڶȻ֪һţҶ֮ʮа˾ţҲ֪
Ҷ֮ϲҶ֮ƣȦǶ֪ġֱϯҶֻ֮֮㣿ΪҶ֮裬Ǹʵʲôģûܡ
ֻǵҶ֮ΪҶ֮ʲô̶ȣһǲ
ǳҴһֱۣʧܡ˳˵һС첲šȡ
һ¸һֿ̣ΡҪǵ书ѵңǰ֪ʵһһ֤ˣ˭Լ˭вԼСָָˣԶҲָϡ
ҽڶҪ֮ǰַſˡҰ쵽ͷͷջĨĨԼˮҺƴˣûԹ⣬ҲܡһһУûù¶һֵʱˡ
һޣ¿ĭȹȱС״񣡱סĴȲ֡
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17

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18

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ҲԳģȻǱ߲֪˵һûЬأǲǣ
ҲҳԵģ
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Ψһõĵطǰҵˣ

19

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ֲŲߵİݷ÷ʽʹûҵܡ
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˧ȻңԲҿҲֻһϵʺ֮ô˵ؼֻռϡ
Ҷ֮һӵļѣռҿǺܻʳġռҲųΪһʱҲ˵ֿܡǷԷθġͻ¼˵ʵ뷨ҿûҪ
㰢ӦǺѣôܱռӵ
˵ϧٷķ˧ǿϧǼٷ·ӺܺãƮݣҺܰסôӡˡ
Ȼңû̫ӳ˭˭ص㡣صǰûⷽʶ̫˽ҶԷ˧ĸ飡
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ʵǵҲ֣ԸҲû־
ӰǰȥҪ΢ڶ˵㣬ԴҲ⡣ǻ°Ҫǰİܱ˧£ڿûôˡòõôʹˣûԭûʣȵҲǿ尡
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ǲԼӵ𣿡ͬ˵

һֹһֻռ֣ȥֳܲôֵţǲǸ֣д֤ҪǳɽˮõǾͲ̫һˣ
˧úõƵˣԴմҵıߣͲòŪ̻ˡҪ֪ˣǲɱҵĶУҲÿϧĺöӣ
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С˧·ҲˣҲǱŤʲô

20

ϣûֻԲ
˵ңұװɵˣʵҲû취װ
ΪҲ㱻ˡ
ҵڳĶŰҵڲűţһû
ǵǰת˧ǱߵϯϣһΪûǿԿ
ûȾƣһҲˣҿûҵһƣóȡ˵˧ľƣ˭ֱȵϣ
ڷﲻҲӦءΪǸͷ˵Ǳ飬ͻѷ֡ɽ˧ûȻҲû䣬ҲӮͷ˵ѣǰù
ͰɵϣһֱǸϷӣˡǸͷ˵ʲôšȻҲ᷹ԣͶˡûڸôóԵţ涼ûԵҪ˵ֿܶУ
˧Ҳ˵Ĺѷ֡ô޵𣿵ӰôƭҪʲôţ˵ٴˡ
ҲҪʲôˣ
ǵǵһμ龰𣿡
һμ棿ҿɵúú롣ŰϷŵͷ⣬ˡ
ҵĵȥɣ֮ǰȥ۵òˣҲͷ⡣϶Ǽҵͷ⣬һġ˻ȻȥĵԶȻͿˣȻ󻹳ܣĶӣ
ò뵽ʲô
˵ǰ첡ˣ𣿡˧˼άҲԾʽģûͦ졣
˰ɣ˺صĺ֢һ쵽öôҲ
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˧Σ˵ѡʵǱѡ񣬶𣿡
ԣȻԣҲҼҵȻ󣡲ҵģ취Ҳҵģ

21ҼŻ

йľļҳ˷棡
йһˣȻҶɷˣ㻹ֲܻʶգûȥ֡
֣Ҽˣ龰ܴ̼
ϴҶϵŵǴλ㣬ΪûⶼڶˣҰֲ͵Ķ治١ŹǺҶˣҪǰѻҲˣӴǲǾҪëѪˣ
ֻһûףҲΪҸ˯ѷӳòõģҼôŻأ
Ҿ˵ѻ죬˯ǰ˵ҪҾ˸ˣҿѬĿģĴ˵е书֡˧Ժʲô죬ҲɽˣҸطèˣ
ҲͦԼӶճˣҾȻ˯ȥֲǷˣָбҲлл˧ǣȻûץŷŻٻû
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һᱻŵ̫С˰ɣʲôܱһ۾ڼ˵أⲻŵҲʲô
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ұȲ϶磬һүȲһСʦôϲ㣬Ϊ㲻ϧּôһҲںҾǺгһ첻ҷû꣡ΪʲôҪôģתⲻУ
Ҿرܵ飬ǷˡͻȻñЦΪҿġΪҲޣԲЦҲŲԼҡ
ҿ۾ƽʱƤЦ֪꣬Ϊʲôϲ𣿡
ң۾ﻹȫŭ
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ڶ㣬뾡һа취Ķ㡣ҾǸСҾûûҴԹҵòΪȸȥġΪҲһҾֵõˡǶôأĸֵεģԼԼļ֡ǵһжҪģҴûǹ㣬ûа취İ鸺
磬ҲΪϲźһ𡣶ǺһͿԲü㣡
Щеˣɳʹʹ˵ҲͲҷˡˣ˭ǰûأ¶д۵ģ͵Ʋְɡ
Ҹ˵Ķ˵ˣҷӣҹҵǶһˡܰ£˿Цá
ת׼뿪˧վҵ

22㣬Բ

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֪˧˶٣ֻһҲ͹ˡԿǵĹϵһꡣ
ʵҺͷ˧ĹϵҲȫ˵ٻţᡣҪͷ˧Ķ䣬һһѣһ濪ڣܻᱻ
ѽҶĸ飬ֻΪҲʶʱҲ֪ĸˣʱԼҲֲûгĵĵӽ
Ǽĵ֮˵һһ
˧ϣ˰˵顣ͺʥֲࡣĲʺ
ı˵ˣ˵ͷԶˡ˿£Ͳôֱ׳
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ڣ˧һƬǰͣˡֲ
ҵģٿû˧ô֪ЩҵģҵĲҵģ̼ܴˣ˰ɣ
룬ﻨʱж˧ң֪ڵı
ĺȻһôǮ𡣵˵ʲô˵ҪСģָľ仰ִ̼ˡ
һֱôطİһ𰲰֣ĺܸˣҵõĵطϧҵĵطģҵġһϵҲûС˧תңĿ
Һ˵ͷһˮͷЬסķ˧޲øԼ⡣µͷҲ֪Ҳ
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㶮ģԲԣ˵һҾֻһֵͶм𣿡
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˵ҲǸˣͱҲûʲôͬҺѣҲȫΪҿʶġ
Ҿϵϣš
ʼʱ뷨ġʱ鷳ѣܺ״ֻû뵽Ƕү˭òõؿʲôݣݷݵصү
ҿԽ˵Խ㣬ô˵ҲġˣװҲŲҲˣʵҺѣΪ˺óԡƣҿûԻȡвеľˣöУզզذɡ
ŷ˧ˣϹҲôñģ㿴۾ԡ
˧ЦΣתķֲɵҲᱻ˵ȴƫƫеɶҪã
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ҴûһˣȻô˧ҲôᣬôˡĺйϵֻҪ򵥵ĹӣѪȷ磬ıƺҵߡ֪ҲϲЩˣЩҽڡ
Ϊ̫ˣһûаȫУ˱òšҺ˵ģǸСҺ˺Լ⣬˶ûйϵĶʲôʱ򣬻۶˭ֻҪԼ벻ףһġ
磬ңҲܸҪĶֻܸƬ֣ԶԲ˺ˣ򵥾ͺˡ
Ҳ֪ǲִ˵ͨǶ̫Լˣ̫ڶ˶ðˡ
תƽֻ۹ڿˣ㿴ֻǱ档ȫҲãҲкܶ಻㣬ҲеСʱҲẦ£Լ䲻㡣Ϊʲô㲻Խأ
˧˵ĿǶԵġҾͻҪҾͻʧ㲻ҪҶϣʱϣǾҲҪ˵ҪҲԸҲ̫ڵˣҲġһı䡣ܲҵĸܣá
ǻѰɣѵôغ˵ЩΪġҺµʱѶˡţҲҲԲˣ

һʢĵط

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˵ǲǾ䣺̫ˣ䲻㣿
ȻãȴѺ䣡
ЦŽ͵ŮӣûҪ˽ңȴҪ˽ԼֻҴӢͷ׵ļڡ
ǸʱҶϣ˵Щûʼٻ˵Щһһ˵ԼĽڡûУʱҪΪʲô϶ڲͬƭҶм
ҲĵˣԲƭңȴҵġ
ԸƤЦĺҲƴڻԸĸ˵ġΪ棬溬̫׵ĲӦ͵ŮӸеġ
֮ټҵԭҲΪЩƽ˼ҵĹôᾭЩѡ͸İɣȻô䣬Ļ˵Ǹӡ»ãҪʱ֡Լһôŵػţֻ˭
Ҷ֮ûл·תʱ֪ˡ
ӴԼ磬˵߳Ҳȥ
ҲûңΪָϣԲϣǰֻܴ֪ҪһΣҲûеڶλˡ
һζûҪʱ򣬵һʱߡһҲûСÿһζΪ˱ˣòȷǸµˡ
ҾǸܱεˣٲǿԾΣѵˡѡȷʼҾԼ֪ǽҲô˧һôؿʧ֪ôˣȴϲ顣
ΣһֱԼȵģԲŻûаȫСϰ˶ΪǿԱǲòǿֻΪ˻ЩԳǰˣΪʲôҪϰߣ
ԽǶԽǱˣԼһ˿Ҫ΢ЦΪܿޣֻЦЦ˾ͲڱˣЦŲſԱʾѾһ˺ǵ˺¡
ΪңʱҲòϣǲѣҡĽʧˡȥǺѣͷҡ
ϰԼȥһеˣʲôԼģѹֻ᲻ҪˡΪʲôԼУֺαñ˳ĸء
ÿÿ룬ҵľͻʹΪʲô°ǶˣҲǸˣ֪һǼԼߡЩȴûʸ
갮ô˷ҴʧʱûһԼֵͬһȴλЩΪĶסǵ·ǣҲǣ
ֻϧǻûʼͰˣӮ˱˴ˣֻҪһжͽ͡
Ǹ֪һֱڡһϲȴˣĶŵʵ¡ֻǸɵϲŻ᲻¡Ҷ֮أҶ֮ˣô
ΪʲôôϲûɵġŮӶˣǧģ̺졣ϲһǶᰮǡȴƫƫ۾
ǵΪϲϲΪĻʹأҶ֮ƣֻΪת
ɱǣǰǷӡ⣬ʱһ֪ԼǷӵķӡ˵ģҶ֮ƣֻתǷ˵Ҷ֮ƣתôǸӣʵԲԼ˵
Ҫĸ˾Ƹдķӡ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬲ټֻҪǹ߼ıʼʹûϴο򴺻ġдš
֪¶ĵףı飿뿪ǣøҪ
ˣСʹСԺóԵĶ˴ŵӣҵһһĵطһֱȥ
ѹϵ̫ˣһ֣ҵֽҲߵȥ
ɽˮãΪҪԼɽˮȴҷŲµĸ߱
ǽϵ񻰣Ϊһֱδ¶棬ڰû֪¡˰ˣ׷ɱҲܷܡ
ɽˮõ֮󣬶˶ҲΪ޹ۡ
ɽˮһìܣʧɽˮãҲֻǸƽӹүƽСϰ壬ֻܿܿû㹻İ취ӦĶ䡣ɽˮõ֣Զһ֮ң
ǸЦ
Ϊʧȥ˿ӮĻᣡھҽ֪ͣҵġ
ʵĶ븶飬飬̫顣һ˾ͻ޷ˣҲܻͷԲҪСģֻǲԼֵõˡ
ϵҸģǲҵġֻϣܰһˡ
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˶ûҪģֻҪ־ͺã
ôãǶ̫ں˵۹ˡڱ˵ϣΪԼŵʱ򲻶࣬ٻҾиϣ
þȫҲҪ취һҪߡ
ʵⲢѣ
˵ô飬ﻹǻ᲻̣̫ദ˶ֻ֣ᷢԼá
˵ģҲûпȥáֻţֻǰ뷨ȥˣñҲˡں£˲һôأ˾úý£˵ȴһҲҪֻ˵һ仰뵹ùԶˡ
̻Ҳһֱһǫǫӵģת

23һ

ǲУôֱƵĸоأ
ĲҲΪ˶СС˷˧һ£䵽³
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˵ŭǿµģĵҲͦ¡
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һ룬ҺҪҵԴأ㲻ԴС첲СҲܲˣ
ұŵһ˵˾ⱲӶڵĻ
ҶԷ˧˵Ҫ˵˵ʲôֲһ£ʵڲǮɣ
仰˵ľûг⣬˧õǳгġ˧Ǹ̰Ƶ˸öðҪǮǾ㲻ˡ⻰ԣµľǲҪǮġ鷳ʹˡ
Ե˧˵ҪҼһʱ޲һͷײ
ϴҼҸձ꣬Ҳ֪ûģͰˣӦ֪ڿ˵ûˣȥҳ˰Ҳ벻ʲôýڣ˵ʵʵͷ
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˧ҲǿС˵ģ⻰ôôŤأ
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ҼڲǻֳذֳõûԭǴģ
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ҪһҲ㣬˫ȭѵ֣ùҲܲסǶࡣɰֻ˰뱾飬ҲǸ֡򲻹ܲˣ
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㣬㣬㡭ָ˰죬Ҳ㲻һ仰
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㣬㣬ˣʵǲھԴǱˡΪҵȲ죬ˣһģ
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꣬˧һЦУڶ˶ˣϻиֵġ
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˵ھݸĿŵҷӣݰ˳ǹ·ˣٸ֪ܲ
ȵȣЩҲһ֪ҶˡЩʮа˾Ҳɵģʲô
ҪȥҰѼҾʮָףɾΣҪϣ³ŵƽߡ
Ȱɣ

24ô

˯ͻȻڵܱң
޳ͷƬߣ˵ľҡ˯ҵЩשϴ˯ǼƵĸо̨ͤ¥󰡣һͻأ
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ҿǸ˲Ĵ浱ҪģߣҲȣ
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ƾʮ˾żӣסһҲûˣ
˵Ҳ֪ûˡҲһͷǵȥס͵꣡
˰ɣ⻵ƢǮһԸסءҡͷ·֮е¡
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Ķûô䣬ΨҵԽԽˡƾԲһҪɱҡ
˵书֮ܶھӼ˵˽԰ɣ
ɣһʱ򣬶಻ѻ벻ҪôԸҵʱ
Ȼ۾͵ңʣʦħ񹦵£Ҳˣ
бһ룬ļҵĶءҪ书̫ߣҲ͵Ķ˵͸ˡղصЩ飬ȵôˣǰһƬһƬġ
Ȳ˵˵书ɫڿɲð͵Ц
֪⹦򣬵ӦѧڿѧбҪȻҼҲ˸չ˲ű֡ȻҲȫ㣬Ҳ̫΢ЦؿŰ
㲻ǡ
ҼЦһᣡ
ı֣˵Ǹ˻ǲˡ
Ҹµʱ䣬Ҫ⹦ѧᣬȻĻнͼ룬ûзֺ졣ƽʱĽ𡢳Ҳͨͨȡ
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ô룬͵Ϊ㡣ԼѡҪطͷҪȥʲôطЩҶܣҪ·
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˵ɵ˰ɡҪֿˣ⳥߶Զ߶ԶҲӰźء飬Ťˡ
ǲ֪ʲôҷƢ˵ɡҲ˵
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Է˧Ϊ׵ȺˣʱǰҫλӰ󷨡
ϲ۸һ۸ˡҽǲˣǷ˧ûкɫ˭Ҳң˭Ҿ͸˭ңҲ˭͸˭
˧Цһ£ûҼƽϣŰȥˡ
㲻ҪƽϣΪ鲻á˧԰˵
ûϵϰˡʮа˾ַˡһҪϼصġҲԶ£ͷ˧ô˵ҼҲֻʣ£Ժûˡ
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С£һ㶼ˡʵ˵е£ٵױ˵ġ
ҿһֱãȻе㲻ͬɴû˵
ëҲ뿪϶ϵġ
ûҸ򿴿˧ܵĵӡ
ûϵԵóԵĶܺøˡ
ھȥţɣ
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һſڽ࣬ȥˣ˵һҪ˵Ҳ̫ˡô۸˵ġǰ컹ۣôˣ
ѰߣȻۣҲûкӹˡһģ֮ǰһҪ
ҲֻЬǳ˹ȥ󺰣ھ͸Ҵˣ

25ֵ

ƿݴʣһֱûŪס
ʲôĵʣҲû˵ûȥʱ˭֪Ҫвʵľͺˡ
Ե˧ҪߵƿĶʱˡҪ˵˧ǸƿһټΪʲôʱҸô
ҵļƻȻеĲ˳Ҳǳҵ뷨ڷչšʵ˵ҵļƻټ򵥲ˡǰ׵Ȼʵڲܽͷ֮ޡ
ҸϵͷȥˣҲûЬ׷˰ܴ֡Ȼ׼һ¡ҲҷųȥһƣҪҪˣͷ˽Ӧǣ
׸˧һӵ񣬷˧ͲˡҵǸպô򵥵⣬ʳʵǶʲô鷽ҪﵽҪĽˡ
ȻҲû뵽ܴŷ˧ȥԻȡ̫үݵĺ԰Ȳء
ݸ˳̫үĴţ˶֪̫үıݱҼֻϲ¡ǵ̫үðΪ˰ͽ񣬲Сŵıݸ˳Ҳõ²趼ТˡТģ׵Ҳûܹ
һΪأҶ棬鲻
ΪûǺ㡣Ӱҳסһڡݸطȵ²ɲǼ׵¡
ҲٳԺȣΪһӾ޼ҿɹ飬ʧˡ˼Цø仨Ƶġ
Ҿ˵Ŀŵҷӣعһ֪ԶҿһٺһڣԲܸʡ
Ҫ϶ˣ
ҿһۣ㣡
磬Ҳˣ˧ʼСһ䣬һ⡣
ҼͣҲˡҿûյǱ߷񡣡Ҹû˯ãȻ׼óԵġҸɲʲôˡ
ٿƯüëҲ΢΢˰ɣҾͲűƲ㡣
ˣмͻȻ뵽ˣ׼·һ䲻٣ʮ䲻Ӷ࣬õϣ
ô˵ûأ˧Цбһۣպܺãٷ紺绯һЦζ˲١ң뵽ˡ
תһҲС㣬ôôо졣˧Цûꡣ
ʲôо죿ұо졣СҶ֮ƣɲתҲ˵ңʱҲûںö٣һ죬˵Һҵ̨Ǹ첲ա
԰ֵܣ㲻һģɻֵܰ˵ӱ˼һˣӷ˧ٴ񿴻ص˧˸˰ɣ
ˣôҲûãǰ߰ɡһû緹أҪǼӷۡ
Ҷ֮ƣһ˳ǲµģϱ˼һԻȣٿˣο䳡ЩסҰﵽ׵ľġ
үҪҺһ϶ðѽ׼ãȻҿɲȥ
Ҫ˵㲻ȥãӣŶûСǸöð
˵ǣû⣬̧ģ
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ͣһ£ҳ溰
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ۼҵŮ˾ҿһ㲻ںŵģɶС
˧ûЦҺ񶷷ΧһЦǶݺݵӣֲ̫ҡҿˡ
ʲô֣Բ㵱ҵҲ룬ϧⱾڻûɡ
ˣȥͿȥʨ
ͷѰű˻ڷԣ͵Ҫ˼ҵüë۾Ҳ鷳Ҽ˼һ˸ˣҲû취°һ˵һ߲èšŤ·
ȻҪģƻҵ󣬲ȻǸ߷ӰҲ߳ҡҷˡ
ϧƻɽͲƥ̧ĽͰ·ˣҪǲ˭Ҳ붯ȥҲֻ˳ɽ¹ˡ
Ҫ㣬ֻȥǷǳѶȵģҲ˭ɽı£

26찡

ҪڵǺѵġ
Ҳʵܽľ顣ô˼ҲǸүʲôԶ֣˸ˡ
ЩԹҷҵĲҪȻûȵ϶ҲҪ̣ͻᱻ¶ҶԼǺŵġ
ľŬضӶ̫ˣûͷġ
òףò׳ݸĵؽ硣ڲ̫±ɹˡ
ԭôҸһ°һΪ˽һнηпġǸɹףҪʮֵͬ顣
ȻڽҲܿ࣬ҪǺǱҲǺһ㣬֮Իͬˣ֪ԽСȻǲǾԽеģⲻ
ǰ⣬ЩҶʱǾã֮࣬Ϊûһõϰ塣ǵĿѶɵġҺһĲңҲɵġ
ȻôɹǷɢ˲ٶҵԹҪ֪㣬ҲûʲôߵҪ
Ҫǰ¶ޡ˵˺
һ·Ѿ潻ˣþͲҪǲþһ£ֻҪҵͨôá
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˧ַͷ֪ˣ˵ˡںͬꡣأһԸ⸶κδۡⱲһ£ķӡ
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һ·ȻֻһŮ˻Ⱥ˶Ҳûʲô㡣˧Ͳ˵ˣʣµЩҲ˾ǺʲôʱԶԶġ
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ͻȻ֮䣬һ죬ضɽҡŹҵһʱƣСӡ
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һӳˣܰɣϸϴҲܵҪǵôֻһ£
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һӰЩҳ˳ʹ۾ѵڻǰǾ˵߹˲ǻþ
߽ڽ㹻ҿˡֻ˵찡Ҽˣ

27

תּˣ
ҺǰĶһô˵Ҿһ̯Ϻ¡
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Դ֪¶ʼҶ˵ĸоϲǿ϶ˣҪ˵޵òҲûС˧ЧӦǱܷӳҪô˵һӡء
ǵҵĵһӡӢƵģһô˧Ϊһ鷳鷳ҲϲˡҪǻôǮÿҶҪضʹ졣
ֻ˵ʯͷĳգû뵽ǴɽĳͬǣǶһǺһ
һںأβҡȻֱָƭȥʲôˡҪʲôҪǸˣ𣿾͵ǴûԵض˵ҵﻰ
Ϊ㣬˵شţȻҪĲһ㡣Ц۾þֻè
ݻеĴʵޣȥҲôһʱҲ벻ʲô˵ˣ̾һڣ
뵱Ϊ˫۾ʧȻҲһʱͷԷȣôĪĴ¡ټˣ۾˫۾ֻٿĸоֻ˾ͷƤˡԭҲҪصģ
ȸһҼңȻҪʲôΣ˵ĲǸʾ䣬˵Ǹ϶䡣
ЦЦؿȻ󣬡þȫУҾͲŷ˧š
ҲòͣΪÿȱˡﻹǸЦݣûõģˣҲܸϹûмʱ䣬ڲ·
ֻõǰһһ̾û֪ʣһʶңԭɽŪģֻôŪģ
Ҿ׵رˡӦ˵Ǳٳˡ
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ѹʱһϵ·ҲԺװƺ˲١ڳûзе˵Ҳ֪ߵġǰˡ
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ЦˣǸת㻹ӣʲôɫô
ѾˣǲҪߺܾãεӦǲˡҩԺҶͷˡȨƾǲһøҩҩЧҲǿҰƵҩеϲ̨档
˵ƵģҸ˵ɣΪʲôһһȥˡ
˵ǵΪɣ𣿡￴۾һû꣬ˮ˫۾ֻϧطԡ
ҵǻۣҵ̡ԵǸɵӣ㲻ܵǰ׳աЩûӪĻͱ˵ˡȻҲҪǻۣҪˡ
Ƣô˵˰ɣҲ취ҾȻȥ˧ʲôɽˮõѵҲû취˵Ǻﶼһģ̫ɣ
һſ𣿡ͻȻ˵˾˸ӴŵĻ
ʲô˼һ£ӳ뵽˲󰡣˵ӷ֪֮?
Ҳǣӷ֪Ҳ֪֣֮
Ȼ֪֣Ҫʣⲻ֪𣿡
һ㣬˵˵ȷ㲻ûһ봵һٺһڡʱ򣬺ȲװǻƵġ
ֻ֪Ϊʲôô֣ıͻȻ˿òˣ⻰ңԼ
ѵҲâˣܰɣһΪֻ˲Żâû뵽û뵽Ҳâˡ
ҲҴֻ֪ô¹𣿡
˼άҲ̫ԾˣȳԷɣԱˡҸ˼άҶ˵

28Ҳһ

ܾúܾǰһԶĵطһŮӣӾͰǸŮǧ࣬ںŮˣӴ˹Ҹ
˲Сʱʱ䣬˵ͯⲻⲻҵķҲòȥعһҺʵ
ʵģںܾǰһԶĵطһɵӾ˸ƭӣǸƭǧɵأûгɹƭӰɵӽٳˡ
ܾǰһ֮ǰԶĵط¹ǸɵңƭӾ
һܺóԣһʼУȴĹ˵ˡϸ㣬ﺦǵڼˣ
Ҿ˵Ҿ˵ӡҼǵӦǷյġʳжڿǱ˶Ҵ֮ǰǼǵֵġô⡣
ֻǿϧЩˣ˭˭ˡһľȱˣ޷ΪҪҡһ˵ð˷ôõ⡣
һӶԭҲԭ
ͨϰԭ±ˣԵΰؿˣǹСΪʲôҪԭ
ҿɲΰΪҲΰҵҲûô㣬ҲΪеˡҪǣԭͻᳬˬʵڲԸﶼ̳ˣϻһνӡ
ҲԭҾͲԭҲԸ⣡Ϊûа취ЩˡڻûʮҲпܣҲҪǸʱ˵ɡ
ôµĶָ¶ˣȴôµġ
Ȼͻ֪ˣᷢǼȤ¡
ʹϵ棬ӹȥЬˡٴǰҲʲô
ɵؽӹ棬Ҵͱ˷ԣ֡桯
һ룬ֲҾȥҧгݵ˵
Цˣ㲻ģô

СǸ֣ҿһһֱҪĸ֡ҾͲˣҵ׸ʲôˣɡҪΪʲôɴˣػطǵöҲɣ񫰡Ⱥ
ȻҲ֪ôݸ¶ġ˰ʳͯʵһûʳʱʱ̿׼ɱҾͶˡ
˵˵ĻҶϣֻǸƽСΪҵǮһ£Щȱۣټı̬سҪǻһһˣͿôˡģſ֪ˣһҶûĵ
밡˺ˣҲͱƭǮ£Ҳûʲô˵ġˣҪƭǮҪ಻Ƕ
Ļﻰ⣬ʲôıڹ˵Ϲɣ
ϧûкģôңΪʲôҪңⶼҪҪ֪˭Ҿˣ֪˲ܶԶԶģԶ˻ô˵һҲûҵȷ¼ˡ
ĿǰΪֹһûʲôð취ħơһҲ̫ʶ·GPSߴ·˵ŵͼûС˵Ҫһߣû¹˵ܻߵ׶ȥˡҸöⰡҲԼߣûԼǮ
ڶҾˣҲܰץʱ㲻¶¸ҩʲôģҲ˰ɣҷźԼȥûץҸˣָѸٵģٲƽɫҲҵ
˵ʵҲһǻ¹ɣĶŲǴǰǲұĥʱ׼ˡ
ȸߣ߱룬ûкð취֮ǰȫĻǴߣȻоʱ̼Űѵ
ԴӽڣҲ̫żһ·ͣͣɽˮǼõ°ΣǸоͲ̫ˡϧ׳ô˧ˡԽ˧ҾԽÿϧ
ǣҵҲ֪ΪʲôץһֱЦȻ˵Ϊʲô
Ҳ˸ۻش𣺡ô֪
֪˰ɣǽ
д˵УǸѲģҲǲģǸ˦ģҵ
εذ̾Уһ¡ˮˣ
ⲻˡ

29Ҫˣ

ұ߱뿪ʼʮˡţˡ
Ǿ仰˵ĺ𣿲λıһ·뵽лҼ浽ˣΪ˸˲ѡɫȴһһ˿һġ
˵Ǿ¡˵ѣ
ʲô߹Ҫг̵ʱڴǰӷϣһһӡҶôһִңһ·Ρ
ȥϹˡʵֻֻʺӻĽϡǰݹˡ
ţëһ˿꣬ϸϸţŪСľͷϷۣ湻ġܹܲ㣬Ͳ̫ҪˣҪð껹´²ɡҲû£ʡˮء
꣬˵ưõģҲࡣأ·пֱӵﵱʳˡ
ǲҪ˰ɣ첻дȻĿ
֮УȥˣһҲҪˮס㣬ֻˮˡ
ȥ轣ȥ룡ͻȻ뵽ġ
轣룡
ԣȸԾŽսٸ鰡
Žսٸ鰡
ǰԽ˵Խ˷ܣԽ˵Խâ
Ρ
öȥˡʵ轣̫Ͼ飬һ֣ҲûʲôáְþͺͺӲ࣬ĿǰұȽ˽˵Ŀ
˭أҵˣһ£ҲǺܹƽ¡
ȣȣȣǸ󺺣ɤӶҪˡ˵ڿӢĻӵ£ͷ轣һӿǼϵ¡
һ·ͨ۲֪طҪ˵ɲãûʲô˭˵ﲻã϶ȫʬϰռҼһͲ壬ˡ
ģҪվʲôϡ˵ﶼͷŵŧˡ˵ȴѵһӢҲǲǾʹ˷Źˣ
£ԶˣǻǸϽ̰ɡĴͷڲˣǵĵ£ȾϷ財⣬û˵ˡҶףʲôʱ򿴳ҷˣһô϶
ڿǣȻ˵Ҳã㿴ô
ң˵˺ޣҿҿ𣿡һۣһ
Ҫ˵ط㿴
ߣҲ˵ˣ˵Ҳǰ˵ȫǷϻ
Һﲢվɽϣ͹ĺˮʱһ˵˷ܣɲ轣ܱȵġ
۹ʷеĳһӳϹϵȻôܽзԴءҲ⡣
¹ǲҲһӣҾͲ֪ˡ¹ʱҳڼʱţҲûɱġ֪͹ˡ
µӣӦþĸ׺ûط󣬵ɽھӦѹ͡ΪԭӺˮǣĸ׺ӷŭˣۿҪˡ
˵⼸ʲôأԭ°ڷˮһˣǰ·һǰˮϣԱסһǰˮ򱱣סƬũ
ڱĵطⲻǸ⡣ȴǸɽСǴƬɾͳȫơ˵ͿԷġȻҲˡ˵ս²ϣҪǿҲǼ׵¡
û취˭ˮƽءûѵǲ᣿
Ϊѣҵľͷˡһ˵ð취ʲôǾɱȫңӣҲġ
԰ҵ뾡ǧټҲﳢʹࡣ
ԥʲôʳΪ졣ûĹ᲻úӣײǡû˻ٽ˾ûˡʱͲóˣֱӾˡֱۣ۾ϵȰĹˣ
ؿңǸרעеˡܿƭҸ˰ɣﲻ̫еף˾
˵ĶԣǻٽȴҲûˡһֱԥ˾ģҵĸǣôɣ
µľģôҲİͱҸ˵ˣ̫˰ɣĸǣӦɨǲŶԣҪǲ֪һǲҪˡȫ⻹Ǽֵø˵¡
ˣϣȫǵİհҡ֮ǰҪɿճǣ
̫˰ɣϣһ֮ڰһбɿճǣҲǲ̫ܵ顣һοʩӣΪʲôҾãɵ飬ֻҪһء
ʱһ߸ϣɱȨľܣ֧֧ȥǸﲻͬһˡ
ƺҲС׻أ

30Ĺ

ڵʱ껹ûͣС˺ܶࡣҺһУͣƬɽϣӸ¡
ҵ￪ʼеһֱںӵæȥĴҲըˡⷽļӦյʮָ߳¹ըɽʱѾ¶ˡ
ֻʱòµģһһֱеĿܣ̫ȷըɽڿƣǾˡĺ˼֣Ǹ쵰ͲһʧҸըҸըûǸʧ
ҲȷˣһҳضԼжûģȷһܴ˵¡
ԭһΪܻҵķӣմմϲʱƣԽҪڣԽáеΥ߼һ˵ǳ⡣
ȥ׼ʼԸߵĴ󺺣ǽҪһס
ȵȣȳסˣѹÿҶɹıǿǸݾⱲҲѧǻô˵ţ֮ʣһû˵˵ľҡ
Ǽҳס˶ٰգ
ʮʮܸ˰ɣشҵǸʾ䣬ѵ
ϴʮʮˣźöӣһһߣûһҲ߲òáھ㲻ǰңҲѡٴϼϸʳѼ칷èû߾㻹˵ըըũǱסˣͲµʱʳû˳ˣ
֪˭һ쵽˵Ǹӣķӣǻûأһȣӻжξġʲôͬ£ϣҾǸӡϣӢˡǲƨҲģֻб˵ǳģ
øּ֪ͨȫǣ֮ǰ뿪Щû뿪ˣǿּҪɱͷġ
˵Ķװ˫Ư۾ңһ
˼ǣڳˣ㲻ҲᱻͷʱˣҲֻˣ𣿡
ЦȻͷ
ҹƽһĹײһ׬ˣ
˵Ц𣿲ЦôЦöҪֱˣ
ȷһܶ𣿡Цˣһе࣬ЦҪֲöࡣ
ֻǲţô˿һ֮뿪һ죬ҪߵĶȥ
Ҫ𣿡
ôܾã˵⻰˶ƭأ˭ģ˭Ӱʲô£
ˣ¹Σջԣ
ҿȻأ
ҪˣԶסҹˣ
˵֣ûбҪЩɵ£ҵɣ㻹ʡʡɣָǸֲͣ˵㣬Ϊ˱ʾǿ
ʵģԼȥɣҿɲšò̫ãһץסҵ˾Ϳ˹ıҵıӣ벻ףȻһõͷҹⲻ̧ͷã㳤ôߡȻеС
죬˸ƤЦⲻЦı飬˵ƿأ˼Ҷ˵ûǻ۾е̡Ҿ͵ڿˣҪǲ⣬ܰצɿ𣿡
ͷֵ˼֣յҶߵ˵֪𣬶ƶȰֺܻ¹ս²ϣҪĸϼѡƸ۴ĸǣ̸סεǸһᡣ
ҿ䣬Ǻ¡
ȥ¹ֻû뵽ҵĸǡ
ҪиҲ¡⣬ʲôϵһĭ
ǵ𣿡
ˣǰɣû鲻ģ˵ôǸĸͷȥˣҲͷϣ
ڵƶѾҩɾȣһֱӳ棬ìܾͻֱָҡڵʱҲʺ洦Щ顣
˵ҪҲУҪҲСҿ۾Ц⣬ܿ۾Ǹҧгݵҡ
û˶֪ǵĶӣһ¹ŮסˣΪҪϵΪֹȫһһЦǵļѻ
Ǳ£ûУȷϷɣҶԩ˼Цģҿɺãֻ͵һ¡û뵽׵ص˺꾫
˵һʲô飬һʱͿҵĴڣԾٶˣҲȫҵĴĥź
Ҳȫ˵Ҫ֪ΪˣҷʹԸġ㲻õģֿʼ˽°Űճ롣˱Ҳҵģ㲻ѹ
ȣȣȣǸѾ׼ˡ
̧ͷãըӣ
ǸܲڵؿһۣȻˡҿٿͻȻ뵽ҸղźƷǳͺ˼ڽץҵ֣
СˣҸƴˣҪ㣡ҷӳĵһͱĲȥˡ

31 ǰ

Ҫܴͻˡ
ʵһǣҪЩʵ̫߳˶Ϊⲻ¸ңǽ޴ʱЩɵϣȥһЩðɵ顣
Ҫ˵ҲûԹͷˣ˵ʱ֮Ļ֮˵ΪԹˡһ˵ʱڣֳԡ
ں￴ƲĹУҵϥǲСĴλˡһ޸֮˺͵ϹϵĶֹУ޴ʲô
Ťţһ֪жʹˡҪ˵ϥǴλŤſҪʹʮǣҾһкˡ˲ֹһǧ飬統ء
ҵĿ;޴ıըԼĺˮһνǾأ񰡣ڵҹǾʼˡ
ºҲ֣˵һ£˻ŤϥǹģҲ̫סһαȵزһء
ɣʲôǧҵͱָҳɾˡˣĻ˵ǳԷ룬ɻɵۡһʵж֤Ҿûջӵı¡
˵⻰֮ǰڿк㡣Ҳϰ裬ܳԵôİ¡رˡ
֣ҲŪġûгԵģҲûʲôϵҲԺ㣬Ȼ֪бҸҪǡ
ҪԹҲֻԹӲҽģɲԼҪġҳҲҲⳡֵܺߣֱеˡ
Ҳ뺦㣬ֻҶѡģûôġҺܳʶ
˵ûͬ£ҵκ£Ұ㣿˵ҵͬһ㣬ҲǣҲûʲôԣֻʡ
Ҳ˵ΪҵرûʵĽںɡǲҪĺãȻһСģֱչȥˡ
ֺؽǺæ𣿻Щܻƶȣٷϴ˵Ӧæ˯ʱҲûвŶԣôпյһˣģ㲻ҴΣҲһ뾡ǧټƲԼҼҵϥ˵ôأʵûĴߵĴ㡣øȥɣһԵ˺Ϊֹ
ɣһղ˵ݣаزû˵ˣôһҲûӳһܺõӡҪҲֻ˵ҵлһʱĲĶ֡
Ҷ棬ϵĺ㣬ܺó԰ɣ
ҸϽֻû֣ϵӱǰɱԣЩҵġ˵˳ʲôʲôȽžͲòˣٲëȶ׷ˡҪ˻ͳ˵ľ롣ȥæɣΪ쵼Ӧο򡣶ǸԡĽʳָǣȻҲУҲǸ񡣡
Ҳȥ֪ҪҪǮСڲĿˡҵĺëˢؾˣҾұóԡ
⻰ʲô˼ƭҵǮɣŶûС˶ˣҲָҳǮղôõġ㲻ҰɣҿûǮ˵ôǮⶼ̫ҲûãҲٸƶҲֻԸġ
˵ָ꣬Цû֦չòͣסЦ֪Ǯһҵ¯ˣ𣿡
׳հҼ쿪ˡҪȥ𣿡
Ϊ˶ϰ߰ǮЯңѵֿҵĲʵܰһеġ
Ҳ˵ǳˣҲ֪ҲǳˣԲó˵ı׼ңҾͲϣҾͲΪ˼ǮһõĻӻҵˣҶҲᡣ˵ҲˡõЩо֪ˣ˵ûǮҶšֻǲ뻨ԼǮͶˡ
ģ¹ҹлԼѣǲ᲻Ϊ⣬¹ĳȢáһһ⣬߳ҹ͡ӭףҪл񡣵ʱϯɣ
ʲôϵ˵Ǽˮֻ֣Ȳءİҿˣԭð
԰Ļ²ǰ𣿻Ҽǵ˵ȢˣֱˣЩʼҵˣ˵û׼
ԽԽҪ֣ܱҹ¹˵ĳ⡣¹Ĺ֤ͣǲɻȱ㲻ϯôأ
Һ˵ʱԶŵЦ⣬ȥĳ嶯һֱûˡ
ҵ⣬⻰˼˵ȢնҪ¹𡣾һûףǲֵǮ
һ룬һݣĿȥˡ
ֻϧûУ׼ͷһôУǰ׻ˡ˵һ£Ҳڶ˭װ˷ôõһˡﵥץס㣬һʹмץŵĵطϿˣŹͷġ˵嶯ħ
㿴㣬ôôľֻ㣬㲻Ǻ𣿡Цؽͣããǲҵ֡
ϣܳϯ˵һ顣
ʲô⣬Ǻ°һȥİɣʱҵϥûҲûϵҲҪȥһҲûʲôˣµҶŹҲȥҾԲٵ

32Ӧ

ʱʵԶĲһ
ʵ֪ҲʲôĽ󡣵Ȼҿûб˼ֻǾ¡ΪʲôһҪü޸˧Ǹѡôѡأ
£ʵ벻ʲôãҪ޸ɣе˵Ȣģ˵ô϶˵Ȣô£
ԭΪңǸСĸԣǧǷģȻʱϢɾʹˣǸɡ
ȷǸ÷ʵҲһҪɡֻ¹̫ǸСһĹȻһٵر˻ڻ飬Ҹû޲ȥĵز¹һжҪۡ
ı׺ݣ˧˧ʵڲƤҲǵһο顣ͦõġǵģҶ֮ô̯һĸ磬Ȼħͷô۸ңǲҲ˸ұˣ
ûʲôϵ겻ȢãֲҸ⡣ǵ̸µʱæˮأһϵҲûУҲӦ֪ɣҪǶȥЍӡûбҪרŰҰ
֪ھô˵ҲҡһǲģҲ̫ˣҶ֪ôüֵ
˵󻹰𣿡
°Ҳô˵ǻæⶼǱŻݵĻԭ򡣡
ǸҲģôõĻᣬҲûסȻƢ̫ãӦҲǸ̫Ѹ㶨ļһ޲ȥҲԭģȫֱˡ
Ȼ˵ǸǶµĽ׶ΡĿǰʽ¾ˣҲûܶùغֲǶ֡ѵֻø˰ڲ³
ѽҵ
ǣҳɣⰡü޸꣬Ǽ°˵Ǻܱ
΢ЦſңһѾ֪ӡѵˣһҪ˵ЦҰ׳պˡ
ⲻǵ뻢ǱȢһȢˣԺкӹͲشһ٣ҪȻû¶죿ǲã㲻һģҲϸŸ˼ȥʣԺҪ¹ԵģѵһҲں
˵Ҳû䣬úõΪʲôҪȥףвӴԺǴԼ
ҵľˡͺñȣҲɵ˴ܣ˭ˣҪҸֲӣƾʲôҰ
ĲϲˡҺоһе١
ҲǲϲǷǳˡҶһ˸ⱾҾһĥи⣬һֱ벻סһֱҶ˵жãҲûжԲĵطΪʲôͷҪأ˵ɣҵʲôطˣֻҪ˵ȫһҪھϴ㿴ôȻӴ˷ŹҰɣ
ѾҵĵˣҲȥʲô֮顣ƾҵ㱾ºֻøѿķݡֻҪħƣԺ󻹿һᡣ
ϲͺˣĲ֪ʲôطǵ𣿡֪ǸˣҲûбҪʱֳɡ
ϲ˭ϲ˭ҲҵĴ˵ֲ裬ôȥħͷûУ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ǵģ
ҷˣ̫ˣİɡȻҺ쵽һȥˣһҲûҫͬķϣԸ飬ҹ͵ػŰɣ
㲻úǣġ
ҺܾɥҪôûǣҶװҲûӹȥֻˡƽƽ㲻˵£Ҳһֱ˾ƣ浱ǱŴģ
ҪôأǹڲյηֱӴأ
鷳㿴ҵȲôҲ˲ࡣóԵģֻҪÿ첻ҾһֱֱѺóԵĳΪֹΣĿǰҪԸѡ
Լ˵ģػؿãҾȥǽ
ǣҵȭͷ߬øԸ죡
ͻȻĴŵܽ£ˣʺӣĺ֪ܽʲôʱһҲܻˡ
»ͽ᲻ˣҵ·עѪҺҲûʲôѵģﲻ֣Ŀ֡
治һҪٳһҵ۾Цˣ˼ˣΪ˶˼ұʾлҲȥĸ֣Ժ֣

33СϺ

ϥϵ˲̫ãҳٶ㣬ٶļҲûá˵˽һ죬ҪĵǸʱܺðɡ
ûҩˡҳǸҹӦǸҽǸˣõĶȫǺõģСһǩǾƷеľƷǸǲмҾ֪ҲŤСţ˷˲š
һμҾͲˬҶ̬Ⱥܲ⣬ұץôҲû´һڻ쵽ı۾ĵزҳﵽͷϣһʲô󾢰ֱŴ˯ȥˣ
컹ûʲô£ˣ
ܺðɣ棬棡
ܣ䵭̬ȲмֻŤ˽ֲˤԴҵȻ֪òˣ浱ǰ׳հ
㲻ҽ𣿡ʡ
û뵽ô˵Ҳһܿҽ֣ǺõġԼҽš˵ĬˡԼϵģǾͲҪˡźðŵˣһǳ顣
СҲβã˵ԼҽأƭԵİɣҵĿҲ䵭̬Ҳܲм
ʲô͵ظٴһƣҾͲڱϴˡ
ԽȨԽݲñ˵ɣοҽըˡ
˵ҵҽٸߣҲֻǸҽɡûңԼףǵ¸õҩº·Ҫ͵Цˡ
˵˵ȥΪҩãҲûжϵ㻹ƭԡʮ֮ܺðɣ
˵ºߣͲˣеҪץˡ
Ҳʮ֮󲻺ãôȥμӹĻأõ޹ı顣
㲻ȷˣʵšҿӻˣҰæž޹æĶʱ޹
ͻȻ֪Լ˵̫ˡϧˣ֪ģȻ֪Ĳ֪࣬һ㡣
˰Ѫվǳ嶯ЩĳһгɵġǰС򣬿һҾ֪һˣеʣûҷ
Ҳƣ˭ڳأҲ˭氡Ҿװ棬Ҳû˻˵װģԼҲΪѵĺˡ
ǱΪʲôҽҽǱβ˵ģΡ˾Ȳ˵ģܾ˵ǰҰҽھֳôҿƭԵģ
㣬㣬㡭ڷˣǵңңҡû˻ɹҵҽ󺰣ƺЩ˵ڵĿԡһĴ򲻶ͦ˹ĵ˵˵ˡ
ҲòɣпġֻҹƲ˵ˡͬǺʲô𶼱ˡ
ԣ蹷
ǰô֪ģҲǷ蹷Ǹӣ
һ룬԰ǴпµĶġɣͷһѵһûסҪͱˣ
㲻˵Ҫһҩ𣿡
ߵһˤӳȥˡΪûŰҵڻסءҲֻ˲ɿûкӹ
ҽأһҽҲûС˵ιҽ߸ĸ¶Ůܵĸĸ𣿾ǸƭԵĽУҳ󺰣͸Ų㲼ٷ֮ٶҲţ
һϢҲûָЩ󺺼ڲʲô˭Ե˹ܵء
֪Ĺ¹飬˵ġЩϰ˵Ҳż֡Ÿ¶ˣ˵Ļ˰ɡ
ûҪȢΪʲô˵ѣ飬⣬¿дˣƭûô
Ҷ˽⣬ӦǸˣûôǲġУˡǰǲǣǲ֪ǡŸշˮˮû껹һء
ֻ벻ףΪʲôһֱ¶һʱǺĬġһ񣬹ָ֪ʲô
ҵǻȥģ˵ĭҲ飬ڽҲпģôͱɷҪأ
˺ܾãһٶ뷹ˡ

34ϺϺ

Ҫƽʱߵľͺˡĳ˵лᣬδ
ʲôδǲִߺͼõлҲ򲻵ʱ򣬿Ը㡣ֻϧһֱҴ޹صȤ䵽붼벻ĵطûеΣʶ
ҪܲҾҾԵˡѾǧࡢżϻôŮôûϣҵҪ󲻸ߣܲС
ǧ֪ҩڷ䴫˼ľ䡣ΪʲôЩܴôãⶼԭġ
ڻϣҲԭġǸæúˡһŮϰɡҿǰһ²ˡȻЩҶһˣҲûһӰ
˵ӰҵΪԲģԲһ֮ڣײɵӶûСɱ˲ѪΪʲôƫƫһܳ뷹֮󣬰һˣ
ҪҼʵʱҲˣҺһҲĬˡ
ҲˣһܸԶĴɽ֮ϡνԶһƬԼ֮ĹǽǺΡģˮȥˣʰʰؽʡ¶ˣʡǮͲóˡ
ôʼΪˣ±Ȱûڣǰûпɰ֮˰ɣҲʲôñΪ˭붼ࡣ
˵һǲܳ뷹ǼС¡ĿǰһǸŤİзϡǴ߻¹ǰɣ
һϱⱲ±Ӷ벻׵ˡըɽǷǷ뾳ذҴ¹Ūһ·ʱַǮذѴȻ׶ˮˣҴĵطӦ׶Ľɣһӣ׼˼
ǴвҲˣһʰɣʱԽԽܴҲòʱ̻ҵ̣ǻˣҾҴûйⶫ
ؾˣٷųȥͲ̫ˡͻɣҲҲ֪ǺáȥδӣǸ⡣ôȥǸ⡣˭Ҿȳأ
˰죬ҪҪߡŬߵĺô뻵ҪΪ˷ɢҵעҾòôˡ
һζƮǺ⣡ζǵãЩкӣءֻΪζҲԸ⣬ŵˮҪˣءⲻҪ
Ů𣿲ȻݹҶֻþ˰ɣŬţŬţǺ⣬Ǹճãðĺ⣡
һΣʱͲͷģɣ
ϺзǸԲмһʵСҲû߽ҵҾͳ˹ȥǳˣҲҪһҲûСֻʱôźң
һû뵽ȳȣݵһӲرӡ
˵Ǳǿ£۵ĲУҸ¶ȻͻȻ֮Ϊʲôһãֱ˹ϵҲûôأ
Ҵӣһһ⡣ٿһ㣬һĴ׷͹룬ʱ۾ͷỨ֪һû˧ĴأҲҼĶõĺ⣬ҶŻڷǸ˵䵱Ȼû˵
ıǰǺܴ㵣ͻȻ˸ŵġһͻȻˡȻҶԺֳ˷һ飬ҲҸеСͱŵˣҪˡ
Ҩһ׷һЩǴҩҲҪȫȥ
ǸСû뵽һ֮ȫͶذԼǸҲû̧ͷһۡ
źߣɤӣͲж
ǸܽˣȻҵһ󲿷עˣһʱȥǵãҵǸһйϵ¶ıǰףһûҵҪµģҲõҳ˵Һر߳Ա˵֪ʲô顣û̧ͷ
ƣתǰͷͱҺ϶Ϊһظɵˡٶ̫飬С¶ϡ
ҵЦݣιҸǩɣˣЦݣǷǳѺõ֡ǰÿƤЦⲻЦĿɲһΪԱãȻ֪˶ҵȺǿںķϡ
㣬㣬㡭һҵΧֶˣٻûġÿһôһα졣
ˣҽĪ裬ҪڵϣߣԭҲˣ

35

ǰСֻǸרҵʿûɣҵĴ̫ҲӰ
ּƷҲĲ࣬һʱۣҾûǿԱԭµġһǾãĪСǸ򵥵ˡ
ֻҲԭ䵽˱ҵĵزСɫҲҪ
˶ĶȥˣҿĪ裬Ǵ۵С۵ţҲǸ°
Ĭĳˣ һʱûʲô¡
ǵ£˵Ҳ֪㡣ʵ̫֪һ֪ʵҲ̫֪͵ƭģƭȻãƭҲûʲôʧ
ĪĬ죬ʲô̫ˣ
ʲô˼ѵ߱߱ҿˡȻҲµ˾þȡ治һܸɵó¡˶Ǳ̬ÿһǺݽɫһҲҪ
˧ǼҵֵܣӦˣٻˡ
ֻ̫ӣ͸һֱĺܳɹҼûĴڡȻҲųҹªšĲ̫֪ڡҪȻΪʲôں¹
ĹˮˣͻȻ䣬¹ʱ治֪ô˵áͲһ⻼˼Ҹˣ
Ȼҿֱ˵Ǻ¹Ǽͷϰ壬һŭɲһΪҡŭһŭġ밡¹ĵ̣ըɽֽˣһǵŷ˧棬⻹㣬ȻҪթ
شڣǼ߰ˡǷǳ֡Ȳ˵Ҷ֮ƵݣǸҲܰ񼸸Ե۾û
ض̲ˣοǡ˵˾ٳٶۣҲܿ˧ǣڵء
˭ڰ׵˵ɫأȻҪҪлҶ֮ƣȻҺʱӶࡣŮ˵㣬˵Ҳ㲻ָ˾ΣѣϹͽңûġ
ҳ취СӳħҾ֪ˣʲôʱҪԼ
˵òǲ鷳Ҫڲͬ¾鷳ҲԲ鷳
һ׹ȥû
ĪûִܹۿżƤˡ̸̫СͻȻҵԹ⻼´̫û˵ȥ
Ҫ֪׸ֽһʵ㡣ʹ˼ʲôġղеˣ˼ҪʹСҶ֮ƣɴתŪɳ׾˲ǡ
ⷢˮɲŪģ̫߱Ҳʹġ¹ҲҽģЩûһҸɵġ㲻ֿңеУܺߡ
ߣҲñӺҡ
ҵ˵
ȻҲ֪Ǹ̫ʲô߼ƶϣǸ̫Ӹɱ׵Ӧпвĳ롣ȻȨգ˳Ķôϻ
ǼҵϣҼˡֻɵϺͷӲŸһ³ȽϲҡҾǸܺõӡԾеĲϣҲõġΪĻָ˭ءҲһˣ̫ӻܱǿ
ҳ̾һڣҲѵ޵ĥʱҲĲ֪Ǹǧ
ֻһǾ²ȫңҲҪεġˣʲôᣬҪɵʡ˶°ɵҲУҲϹ԰ڣҡʲôҪ¼˵˵ȥԼ£
ڻҪҸţҲԲЩ硣
ֻǡܹؼ̽ʣʲô㣿ڵĴеΣաҪǸ̫ءȻҲǸѡ
Ī迴ңĪ⣬ȫϡңҾͰ㽻¹ƽ⻼ǵˡ
ãֻûô򵥣˰¶ҸŪˣȻٻȥⲻûҳ˵ˣ˵پͽ٣˵ͻ˧Ƕ˰˺õܣ¼˧ҪҪˡ
ĿǰӦΪʾˡֻⲨûƽأһ˵Ķˡ
ſɣ֪⼸í˾̣ͲûͷˣȰͷһͲһ¡
¹ĳѺ̫ӽˣڰ㻹ȥѾˡĿﻹԹ
Ҳģ˼ﷴ⼸ϣ˭Ҳ˵˭ûһñ
ɱңҲ̫ȷˣ˵ӦÿҲŶԣȻ̫İץȥ¹ǲǽᶨˡ
ʱﲻǸܵУôǰһˣɸСŻңûһŻס
ĪҪҵı飬ô룬ߣ˵ȥˡ
찡㻹ûˣġҰˣҪƱȥˡ
ⲻȥˣȥıɱ㲻ҽ֤㲻ƭӵʱ򡣶õĻᰡӦץסϡûᣬҲҪϡ
ھԲҵʱߺʲôϵҪβȥˣһԵ
ҲΪбĽܳ꣬ϧ뵽ʱ̫ˣõഺȥˡֻһҸˣľͱˡ
ĪЦˣҺ޲ȥּЦݣ˵ˣ㲻ȥߣߺˣȻЦˣǷĵЦݣ
ҸҲҸΪΪɱԵģҲǿˣ

36רҵӹҽ

ʵеĲ̫һ
ȻҲԸ⣬Ҫ̾ⲻѰǳƬĲӣǳһ׳ۣһ۶ͷŵеũֵĸоҲü¶Ӫݡҿˡ
ôһƬʱסһܸɳ¡ûҽʵף˵жҲ̫ˡǲ֪ûҰģʣǲ˵˭˭˵ܴ漣ҲţǰķӾ漣
һͷײˣİͱǹлԤ⡣Ҳµһ㣬Ҿͱˡ
Ī˵Ļû˵ӶûˡӦѻɣҰĴܣ˿ޣС֣ص˳˶ǲʣûľͿҪˡҪҾͳԵ⣬Һ޵
ʵͲô¡ѵˣҪûɺˡҲûȱǿٰ
ҲǱűľģҲû취˭ܲءȾߣ˵˳ؼء߰ǧ˰ˣ˵ʮüˣҰ¶ӪһһܵиͷʹȵҲ
㲻ܰѸðյΰһ˰ɣҲҪ˵ûУȻҾ̫ȱ£ͬǲͬ⡣
ɻû²µġ治³ֻֿűʲôģﲻǷӣɡķӾͶˡ
ⱲҪ˵˭ûˣֻˣлӳħƣһݷ°뱲Ҳˡ
ȳڱĪɼţĴȥѰأ
ҪڷףΪʲ˲˰ӵҵ˾㣡ǻҾݲСҲҽȥ˿ʱҪҲûˡԹ޵ĪĶ߱Թû취ڸҲһҪұȳԺҲǲúѽѽҵ
Ī裬㲻ҺùҲùˣҶҾͲˣ㣬һ㣬ҲҪú⾭أͻȻסȥ·
ҼҵкˡС࣬ȣһζʮİ
ˣҿ˾ͺ£û취ˣҾץסҰҴԭĪҳΪأһˣ
ͷʱͦã Ҳ롣
ԭģ֪ǴʲôʱʼӪĴרߵҽĭ˵ˣҲûҲβô˵ǫءҶˣԺȫˣҳƭ˵ʱɣ˭Ҳ˵ѣò˵ʵûˣʲô
֤ٹĿ£µٹǵ͵񣬿İջôɻתˣЩϹȥģ˲ôӰˣûˡƴһʱҲң
Ҳֻܲ鲻ԸصѼӣ˼ӲϼܡĪСɵСʹˡ
ȥǸеСкҩȳŹÿһ׵ٶǰƶòߵҸղſǸ˼ҡ
ҺСҲ޹ֲţѾȾ˵ȣҰղͬģ紵ˡʵû취ҾͰĪˮҩҩۡ͸ˣȻµͷˡ
صĪｻʱҵʮֵĲһС̽һйԼеĹػҵ쭡
͵ذѸ޹޳ӹÿ죬ҾͲȳˣֱɵˡ
㣬㣬˵һôǺεģҵ˻ûأ˵
ˣĶȫˡһҲû°
ˮأ
˿ˣ
ҩأ
ǺӺˣ
ҩأ
˿ˣ
ŪǺô
룬Ǻͦãˮ˿ûޣҪ˵̲סʹأ
ûѧʶûгʶ򵥵ҲβˣǸϴ˿ڵģҩеζˮÿȥζ
亹һӾͳˣ찡ǺӲҩ˰ɣû˵ҲˣҺûõľιȥˣ
Ƕǰˣ֪ĪСôȥȵǺӡҺò׹ҡεģڳֹңǰѻʱء
ԿسҹˣڱҾֻĪС㡣
еɵǱ˻ȻˡС಻ҳԵðɣ亹ֶˡ
ɺĪô˵ˡ߽ȥ鿴УҶ˷ٴǰˡ

˱ɵϵı

 ֮ Ī
ĺˣԼۿġ
ֻһǲףΪʲôһֱ˵бȥˡôĵӽӡҿһ쵽ųԣ֪˯
ԼҲԾˡ
˵ʲôطڲͬǾ˭ҲûǰҿǴûôֱ׳ˣ˵ǸŮˡ
ѵЩװģǸôҩǹҩ˵ƽĶⲻĵطﵽ뻯Ľ
֪ôͺãһΪԭ򡣶ҿȥ´ҩľٶǻˡΪҪʱ䡣
ģһֱƭ𣿿ʱıԼŵιȥˡСҪ֮ŮôֻôһϢ
˵˭Ҳ뵽Ǹҹ㡣
ҵҽûе˵ֳ뻯ĵزǲװΣһܿġ
ǸŮһЦ˰ɣƺϷŪҵһ¡
ûɵؾ뷢
ţͻȻûһѵֳˣƽ϶ˤˣϷʲô£⣬ûֿܡ
ڵµĻ⼸ôǽӶεǿ׻ǸŮӣϻˣĴβˣ治һСŮĽֻһֱںˡ
һ⻹ǵһΣȥǰҿҪ涮ҽΣ
ҵ˯ѨһΣҪƴ
̾ûа취һ˰ɣ
ʦܣȥɣÿε½ʦܵʱܻҪң
ϿƺˡҲȷ᲻ᷢǰҲû
ҵʦҽΪʹҽٶҪѧ㡣˵Һ͵Ҳͬţֻдǵ¶ʦ֡
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εЦÿκйأ¶¶Цݡô˵ѵҪҸ˵㺦µҡ
Ҫ֪ôҲΪ˾ǳͳڣǸҲôͷ
˵Ҫ֪Ϊ֮ǰµĻһûȫˣⶾԵˣ£ʲôӳ
ܲ³һ㣬ϲĻһΣ޴󰭣ֻ벻ƫƫҡⱾǵµĴ
ûпܵȴˡ治֪˲ǲҡҪ֪ҿǵϢʥƷȴĶҩ
³̾һڣ˵ͷΪңôĿͷ
¿ôᣬŮѾʶĵˡ
µ͵͵Цʧ侲һʲô鶼ᷢûʲôǲܵġ
ͬУı£ǰѱ˱Ʒ衣
ֻǡԥܾã˵Ϊôֵ𣿡ϵ̫˵֪»ǸֵΣҾĵ¡
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˵֪ǸǻʱҾҲӹˣһŭΪյĵز¶ƽʵ˵ҪĶǰֻҪѧ
ܶ˶˵ǻ޲ɱҪɱ´Ӵ¿ҪˣǾθɣһֱӵĵ¡
ҶҲķ񣬾˵ģΪ鷳ȻԸҿʼҲΪֻǵµһöӡ
ֻû뵽ǣССһȻô˵ġ
ôҲתˣǸڷͷ˼ϵѰЩǣҰ飬ϵһԽ˽ˣԽôΪ
ֻô֪𣿡˵еҶ֮ǸεŮˣҿǸת˰ɡ
̾ҾᱻܡҪ֪Ҷģһٰҷˣڻңײʲô
⵽ģµ£ѾƣмˣҪ֪¶ûа취Ҫˡ
ӣҲĵİɣÿһǶǾİŵġ
Խ뵽ҵУԽ뿪ˣ
Ҵ̾ʦ֣ʵҲûʲôáҪЩġԺιƽϵһ𣬸γһ¡ҲģΪ¶£
¿΢ЦĪ裬һνʦ֣ѵҡ
ǵģ֮ǰһֱг羴Ķ󣬾һҾãʱÿ£ҲֻһˣһѪˣ
ҽʦ֣
ֻҶԵºģҶȴûһġٵ֪Լʲô˭Ҳ֪ҪʲôԼҲ֪
ԺµҪѹˣ
··ԼУֻоڴϵҲֻʱҾöһ㣬ϵ¡
УҪҸҽɣҡԼģӵˡֻһǲȷβˡҿʮа˾Ϲèˡ
Ҳ͵°ɡȻҲòϵµɼΣʵڲֵᳫʱʥɵҪͨ˿µöֱ࣬ӹϵ˵
ɾ͵ξͲˣҪܾˣӴҽȥ

37Ҳ

һѣĺ˵è·ù˵ȥɣ
շתΪǣóԼһ仰
ʲô˵ʲôȫҵƿطΧ֮ˡѪܵ
ұ˴ٴιѾˣ
ֻҲǱǸ˴εģǱһβĶ֡
ʱϢֶߣ¹ҽ뻯ΪϹᣬ۵ڹһϡ
ʵŤֵزһԩ˵ãҶܳϷˡ
ֻ˼ſڣʱ̫ˣȥ֣ͬʱƿڴһ¶ֵĽڣҲҽϵףͰҴˣ
侲ϸ룬ͻȻëȻΪˣô˵˶϶Ҷ֮ƣڴת¼ǸȻ֪˭
֮޷Ҷ֮ƻزü˵òõؾͱѹˡ˵ȥôҶ֮ҲǴ󽫾Ů湻ģҶ֮ƣǻҪлﰡ
ô£һز¹⶯Ҳ̫˰ɣһǧεظԼҪȥ뷨Ϊÿζ֮⣬˵ǲܵġһ֪ҲϹ룬ԽԽ롣
Ϊʲôأ
˹ӹ˵㣬ҲùȥβܾĥͬʱҲĥˡȫ
ҺܻĪСŵӣĿǰҵΨһȤУСĪĪĶˣ
һ̧ۣͿĪСɣôŵˣ
ⲻص㣬۷Ź⣬˫۾չ̫УҪؼңһؼҰɣˣ
ڹϵµЩ쵼ҵλķʥϵ۷棬أȻҵܰĪСɸұǾһؼңزִļңһص¹ļҡ
Ҫ˵ҲмңҪҿԴһԼ˵ĵطÿɫ
ĪСɺſڵһֹ˰Ž
ô֪㣿˿߲ˣܸ˵仰ùҶЩǳﵱڻһҲûС
ȣȣȣĪСһһ󣬶Ѫˡȸ˻ҩ
ʲôʱܺã˫°ͣ۾ˮС״
˵һ죡е㲻ͷ
ûʲôЧҩҹġ
ûУӲͷ
㲻ҽ𣿡Ŭ
ûꣿŭˣ
Ц˵ĺ㰡
һҸ㿪ֹʹҩˣûƢ˰ɣĪСɻǺܴ
ϷСгɹŶҮ
ղźĪСֹˣﻹҩֱð
Ҿʲô
ҩ
ʲôҩ
㲡ҩ
ҵʲôû˵ŤȣҪҩġ
Ⱦˣ
Ҳ˵ˣ͵ҷˣ
ڵҸ˵ˡ̫ҲǼ£ĪСûĬС
ҩһʱðɣѵ͵ҷˣҪȻҲëˮոԴγúŪң
⸱ҩԣҲЧ
ԣҲİ׺أ飬ֲ
ﲻҽ߳𣿲Ҫβ˰ɣ
֮Ҳ˰ɣһͰڵҼУȫڱܣġ
˵Ǳ޾ҵ˳ʲôһԱ׼ĿƣԽǰİʣһˣˣǸ
ʲôǾݣʲô;ƣʲôʲôǰԣԣǿ޵
ҿˣұ۸ˣƽʱ̵ҲҾУԹҵ˳ڡҴ֯ˡ
߶ʮһ˵ϣҿʼޣ翪բˮϲҪٰǨˣ
˵һػ𣿻ʲôʺӶͷϿۣʲôǲҸɵģȫҸɵģ˵˰ɣίܴˣ
彩Ӳرұţ˵ȫˣ°͵һأ֪˭˵һ䣬˷ףɺͳ
Һߣƨ£
ﻹ˰Һÿû˾ңҾˣҲز¹ˡһؼҰɣȫΪ˻ϼ͡
һ滰Ͽطɣһ飬ӹٺҲİҪ˵ûͬģʵΪޣû취ǹ񣬱˲ҾͲˡ
ͷϴ֪ˣӦ
ҿ޵𾢣߿ޱ̧ͷʲô˼
ǵı£ܰĥش˵Ķ־¹һһʤ֮䡣´λĹҪ¹ΪУһ͹ȥ
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㣬㣬㡭̫˰ɡĵ̣Ȼô˵
ңңҡҾȻ֮ҲǹҽİɣΪشˣҵˡ
ﻹأұˣҲûҺõĶȥôʶһˣһһǶ
ұ÷ﲻɾ䣡
ϧҿ޵滨һСöڱĿбµøͷٰ̳ʮøϧ˲š
Ѿģҳˣ
ұ·ϼѰڸոҴָأڿȻټԼ취ˣ
ˣ޵øèһ֪ˣղŶ㡣
ҼƤˣ̫˰ɣһǱȽӦʮøͷͻȻСͶ԰ףҾûವء
鷳ôܵ㣡ôĻô˵ڵģ
ҽӹҩ룬˵ۺҩʼ˵˻ɣ

38Ҫ

ûףֻиף
ù٣ǵĹϵҲûչ˵ֶ԰׵ĳ̶ȣ
ﲻ˴̼ڳļλ˭Ҳûܵˡ°͵Ľŵ°ͣû°͵ĵ򣬶ò֡
鷳˭ܵ㣡ôĻô˵ڵģ
˳ҵļҪǲ֪ˣƣǶô˰ɡ
ˣһ裡
Ǹĺ
ģҶŵĲѡˡ¸кϷˣҲҡֺȢĳ壬¿ԽԽˣ
ĴŵĲ֤֤ȫˣ꾫ҵҶˡ
ǺŻأ·߰ò죬һŷһ̡һһд⣡
ûˣˣզؾզذɣ
Ҳ֪Ҷ֮ϱӵ˭ˣ̯͵ò˺ˣ
ǰô죬ԾȰʱűȣ൱ڵȴ漣Ϊ̫ͨѷԲű漣Һ
קӺҲ˰ӹҩ룬˵˵η財ģԡָָĪСɣҽ֤
ͷ贫Ⱦǲ֪˭Ⱦ˭
һ˵ȶ˳ˣʵҲû˭ĪСɺʹԼ
˻ˣǲҲ񣬲˵ң˭ܵˡ˵ûܵңЦ˴
ôΪʲôʼ˵˻ˡ
㲻ҪȢĹ𣿡
ƺû뵽һ֪ѵҸϲղǾŲŶԡû뵽ﻹ治ܻ㣡
û취Ը˵ҵġһԸأòȢҲԿһһأ֪֪ҪҪһ£
Ȳ˵ˣְɣֺþ͸ֲþˣڲϢĶаģ
һһɣ
רҺȾƵģʵ໰˧Ķȥˣôｻģǻи̫Щô¡
̬ȣңǰȥҼɧûʲôͬô˵ҲƱôһ㶼ڱ˼ҵҰ
ﻹ˵ֻѾﵽĳЭ飿
һûкĸԸغȹأһҲûСҲѹ֣һֱڳ˵ıԵǻ˵ˡԳԺȺȵľѣ൱һξء
ǰ˵ȾƣԷҶġؽ磬ͱһԷءȨȡᰡ
ϤζĲˣҸпǧǴŹǰһѸ¥ĴʦҲˡͦܵģԹı˽ʵԼĳӾͲҿǳԹһصġ
ٺһھƣǷ˧ľơǰ񣬺ܾǰ£Һľƣк˧ǵԵ֣һĻһĻ
ԭѾЩʱҵᣬ˧
οҪȢˣžƱһҲǸԵ治ϰߣ
̫İϵ£ûʮȫģƽʱŽʳӣҲд۵İɡ⻹ƽ㣬үôˣҲȫ⡣
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Ҳн죬ҵˣҲûôģҵͬˣ˰Ҫģ˭᲻ǽأŽžϰˣϰ߲ͺˡǻվһ˵Ҫ룬Ȣ˻ؼң仨װηҲ
ʵҪĲֻ࣬ҸĶҲĶҵˣѵĸԣЩСʵǱʡ
ҡͷ˱ƣ⻹ҪĲడȻѵ£Ҳ룬òߡѧͥλЩӰ˵ĶһҸĶˣϼѺòã㵱ǹӸС˵һء
ңãˣһСİѵҵĻȫ˵ˣЩٻһ꣬Ҳû׼Ϊҷˡ
סļͷ磬һǽˣһģҲһǵģһĳԭǸ˳ΪʺϺǽġҲˡԻͰʱһ£ҲԲһ¡Ϊమ飬ǻͰһ¡ΪమǾͺˡͰ鲻һ¡
˵˰ɣҪǿôԣҲʱôԵġ
Σ˵㲻װɣֺ˭ֲףʲôʱܿأ
˵ЩûõģʲôʱȥģܺһԷȾơ컹ǲϣҪһֱˡ
ⲻɫ𣿡
ɣ㣡˵ĸһ˵¡˰ǰͶˡ
ݸʱҲǸ˵ˣҲȢΪǵáͻȻסҵ֣ҵﻹоƱأһˡ
ԣִСʱ˵˵ˣⲻǽװ𣬶ˡ
ҵ֣㵽ɶˣ۹ΰ㲻˵زòȢ𣿻ûһˣ
ûҵ˻ؼң
Ǳװɣôܾ¿أ
˵ҪȢ˵ûҸоã˵ˣӦ˵ذɣ
Ļһ飬һǾǣұף˵ҪȢˣ
޹ؿޣǸǺϼƺˣҵ׳գܲ˼άģ
ҲҪˣûУ
棬£վŽ

39³ɺ

Ҳϲڵı飬˿˻ë
Ҿúǿúӣҵǽ
ȴһƣֱˣǾͲʵģΪʲôػضҴԷأ
ص㣬ˣԩͷծҵùǴʼģ˾ˣ˶ϰɣ
вСϰգܵ˵ġҲֻܺ˦ֻδӴ֣͵Ǵʶ
ʲôи֣Ƭһ৵ڿȥҵϾһķ䰡ֲѪɱҲң
ôңÿζҪվա
ķӸˣôôпհ˵Դұż
⼸̫æˣû㣬㲻Ұɣ
ȿȣǸɶȶˣôпأ̫ˡԷûǸ¥գȹļǵ𣿡
һЦˣ˵ˡһ뵽ˣǸʱĽɫǸɣһ˾Ӣء
Ҳ̼񣬽ˣҿǺͳһսߡһɫԻҵű˾ȣѵӢ۱˴ɣĴȴΪӢۡ
ⶼǣǱƵûһһСַˡٸģٷ˴ƣ
ֻóԶΣ˵һԡ
ĻãҪæСúǵĻ££ץſӵ֣ҸռСŹ͵
ɱȸղҵܶˣѵǴ˵еĵ飿ȣԲһ
ȻˣҾұ˵ϷˣϧһϺõľƣ
治ǸҾźôûҸأôõĴȾᣬҰװ׵ĸˣ
ҶŴ񺰣ȥĪСɣǸҩûా룡
ձձ
ӦûŹöԷسˣƽȵҵһһңۿǴŹǾҪˡ
סˣѸײڶٶȣӣ˫۱ס
ЩҵģһҲˣ
ЦֱҵԴˣòҪҴͷǻؼҰɣȥԶپж١
ҷҲƵĶ㿪̫ˣаˣ
ǰǣǻ˻ڣѡ߻Ÿأ
ûϵǰѴˣҲԺΣ˵žͼҪ͡財Ⱦµøףһµÿء
ҿˣǼӶ֣·۾Ҿûˡ۸˵ģϾôң
ĲҪԹ¥Ķⶼ᲻ԵġԹԸһȥɣ
һҴȥǵ¼ҡ
ãγһ°ŵʨ𹦡һлգӪݣ
Ч
ĪС˵йòȥ˼ͷ̫̫ջСҹΣҪҩ
Щʱǲ֪Ȳ˵Щ
ǻɣ˭ӮˣҸ˭ߡȽʡ£ﹷƤˣ
ҪǹҲͳƤˣңһСĻԼתȥˣҵû˺ңҲŲԼ
ˣƤƤɣ㵱ƤҲҪһ鲻Ƥ
ջͻȻȽ˧ĻУʵڲ͡ĻΣ
Ķģ۵Ҳ޼ˡǡǡҲǼ֮С㵱𣿡
Ҳˣôˣ𰡣ǧ򻯵̫޷мˡ
ڵӺ˵أ
˵﹦ߵĲˣɺҲû˵ôɣҪܻ죿ΪʹпƣҾˡЩпɶþ˵ġ
͸ôһ㣬ô
׻˵ĺð»˵ǻԽ𣻽ݲؽΪ˵ǽŮˣ˼ƣ˵Ů˿ˡⲻһԣͰԳˣ
ʵ˵ĻҲû˵ǿɣ˵ıɱ׷һ
бЦǽһ⣬ҾͲˬ
ļ򣬡磬㲻õġ˵ĺãһɽһɽߣ㲻Ǽ˵Уûϵڵģʱˣ㱨𣡡
ȻͲЦˣ
ȻҾͿˣ
ϣʱ򣬸ʱ㿴һϣ
˵ĲǶ

40򶯣Ҳж

û뵽ҵĳ𣬻أֽҵԹˣ
һץһʹ
ҳ鲻ҵ֣̫ʹˣֻôޣҵĲҾϢôţ
Ȼô죿û뵽취˲ǰ취İ취ңҵʹһѧֽ֡
Ҵãˮ̳һʵж֤Ůˮǡ
ҵѾ࣬Ҳһֱȥ˺ãģóѸ£ˡ
Ⱳ࣬еˡֲˮҿʼʱеᣬɸɺˡպϴպֻˮ࣡
ɱǧģһ߰ûһҵģôճ
ҽʱˣĴ
Ȼƽʱܾãû̫סҼģƯû׵ˡ
Ķ˵˼䣬ˡ
µֳҿֲЦݡ
óСƿҩˮĶϣأظͿ
ôʹңΪɣǰƣţΪҲҩӶﵽĿģŪһˡ
ţҼţǳֿܣ
̾һһת᳦⴫˵飬Ů鳤ʲôȰָ֣˵ģ
ѵֻ𣿡˫۾ôңҿԸκŵ˵ǳĹ֮޲
мһãûˣ
ԲֻҪңϵ˵ܺڵ۾Ҳ
ֻµ˽⡣ᣬ
첲ϵ·Ǳץ첲¶Ƥһոͻĸ񣬡Ҷ˽ǳ̣
ֻЦţһҲûҴҪǰͷˡȻغңˣ̫Ӵ˶Ҫˡ
벻֪ôȥĶˣ
ҿûشڵǰѶԸˡԭһ֪κ֣ҿɲǶˡСĵá
ǰǧССģءٲٷ֮һǧľֱڿӵˣؼˡ
Ҫ㣬͸Σ
ҳĬػǳ˵Իζˡ
˸ڷſҵ֣Լһƣغ
θڣѧ˸ʮ㣬ҪǰãһЬĹȥˣ
˵ǸСӣеˡ￪ʼ밢İӣâҪģڴԶ
ǰӰɣһǺػг԰ӵ˼ӰӣҶԸΪüˡ
Ҵˣ
һ첻ųԣŭˣ
ȥס֣ʹĲУһҪ۾ˮزΪʹġ
磬ֻˡ˵ʲôݳеļ˵ģУУҪǲųԣǲܷ裡
֪ڿϲˡˣ
ֻ֪ǱǸ˵£ңܽľ飡
ﲻȥİɣͻȻ£Ȼô֪ʲô
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˧Ͳ˵ˣǸ̬Ļʵϸ绹Ҫ֡ΪΪôЩСյ֮
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Ҿ𣿡ûŭ˾⡣
Ҿ㲻ǸˣڶһŮӶ֡ԸģԸΪҵӣΪͿԸжң
㲻ж𣿡ó
Ϊұ¹׷ߣжΪǧظϵϧж𣿶һ㲻ˣʲô㶼жġ
ɵ֮ԽɵϣΪȥ¡ȫҲܴĿꡣУ֪Ľ֣
Ҳ֪İжҲ⣬Ϊô쵽ġĻŮ԰Ļ롣·նĻʹһҲմߡ
Ű飬¸ҵȥԼİ·ǣ
𣿡ļóģΪԼֵɡ
ҲᡣʵҲã¸ңȥôõĶڡҪԶҪǿö࣬ʲô
ԼԸģҲÿ֡Ϊ£Ҳһᱻ򶯣һжԸΪĳһ£СֵһᣬҲܴˡΪǲرġͨǸ֪һĿĵȥ£ҲҪԸУԻǻ˸ж
񰲾˵ѹ֡
ûϣرҪҲǸжһ㡣Һܸˣ㱻ҸжˣٿҾôֵá߰ɣұȥ˵ʱס
ĸߴ󣬺󱳺ܿʵɿзˣǸΪɵͣˣҲҺһ
㲻Ըߣͣ£˵ļѣҲԸΪ˶ȥҿı飬Ļһ̵ҵ
磬ˣ

41ҪҪҪ

˵һģΪʲôҪһ֪ϹĻѣ
Ҳţ˵ķ˧񹦸ô˵ô˵ԼҲô˵ߵÿ˶ô˵ôˣɲǲ
һǧҪʣʱȴһҲʲڣֻס䣬۾תҲתض
˵ڸҿЦһһȹȥǲүǲǸ֣ǲǱҸôࡣֻҪô˵Ҿԭ
ɽʱ缱ȥ㣬̴֦ؿڡ
ǻ书һƷܴʯͷɰô㲻ǶûˣЩҲúõģҿǸˣúõİΪʲôֻˣƭҵģƭҵģ
˵زأ̴ؿڣǲǺ«ˡѵҪ𣿷˧ҪˣЦݵķ˧ҪˣʶǸ˧Ҫˣ
һ¶һţԴһƬհף֪Լ˵ʲôҵһΣ¹Ĵӡ
һֱߵ˶Ҹ֣ƽʱСû¹߸Ǹеĸ֣ǲȥñͲˣȵ춼ѡûһʲô֮ǡ
ҵʶûһ죬ߵ˻ϲ¡ҵľһκҵ꼶
˧һҪˣ֪ûƭң˭ֻ¿Цһֻ֪ǲԸţԸǿ˸ӵЦ
˧Ҫˣôʱ̸Ц˧Ҫ𣿴ȥҪȥҵҲڷɺ˼·һ㡣
ˣѹҲ˴̼ͻ¼ٵʱûеô䲻νʱ򣬾ǲ̫ɵˣҲȫȻ޶ԡ
οǸˣÿ춼ߡôô
ҰıϣһĸԸҪ¡
ѹַ˧ңô֪ΣգأǲɵҲȡҲͬ׷ֻ֪Ҷţжӣһ궼ģǰ˵˺üٱˡ
ҿıϣůϧϲĺ䡣ȥˣʵûȴڶ졣
˧һȥ𣿡ҵڷҲֻ֪취תע
ûлش𣬡˵Ҳص˵ģҶϣûûεƢʱԲҪҳߣҳųų棬ڲǱʱ򰡣
˵ʲô⣬Ҵչ㣡
йҺĹ°
ȵȣһʲôҸ¶ˡ
˧ҪҪˣǧɽˮңӦõһʱȷ˧ɡô˵ҲûżҲûôţӦ֪ģȻҲˡ
Ҳû˵˧Ҫˣֻ˵ˣң쵰治
ֲԣҪǷ˧û£һҵġŻеġӦûˣû˵ķݣֻǲ̫ҾͶˡ
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̫ܡһɣһҲˣһָĻͦġ
ͣôһӣȻµؽߡΪʲôܣҵȲ϶㣬Ҳܡ
ţ氡𣿡
ҿѧƺ¾ģò
˰ɣٺãҲȲϷ˧˵ˣ˧Ƿ˧㡣ܺʲôһģһǷ˧ڶ˼𣿶бˣҪʲô
ϲˣװʲôᰡװ
ϲ˶ˣһϲèأҲѧè𣿡
ߣֻųɣ
ñӺˣͶˣʲôСײ࣬һĲ
Ҵ˸Ƿһڣͦ۵ġҲ֪סĶˣһƬӪҾûͷ
Ҿ˯һ§Ĳӣʵͦ˯ġһϲΪǱģһҵҵֱ۽˽յĶ߷񾭣ԣҲҪ
վסˣΪʲôΪʲô㲻Ǻ𣿡
ҵָüһֱ°ͣߣΪӲ濴ǳ˧￴һߵʱ򣬸˧񹲷ߡҪˣҲǿˣ
㣬㣬㡭Ӻãֱͨ죬Ӯ
ǹڶ˵ģֱҲŵһ⣬ʵôǻ׼ãһоͽˡ
ˣҪҶȥҽ§ĲӣǶҪһҲҪҪúõĻţҪ֮ҪӦң
̾һߡ֪û취
ģģǶҪԣϣǶܺúõػţһֱԶ

42޵ĵع

ʱϣԵʱ򣬾ͿԲԡ磬Ҳȥ˼˧ơҾͿԲôġ
ΪҲûãʮǧ£ҲﲻæԲܲ룬ǸöáҾ˰
УǱôģԴݸҵͲԼˡ˻ڼһͷ
رǶοɴΪΪӡ
һ¹˵ĺǰţʵҿ͵ܣ֪ʲô͵ܰɣ
뷽跨Ҫ˵ע⣬֪ʧĳЩ˵
Ҳ˵ʲô͵ܣ˵ΪʲôҪ͵ܡ
Ҳף͵ܣΪʲô񻹸ĿŵأұסĵطȻ͵ˣһܣҪô죿
ֻﲻҪˣҪ̸ˣҵʱƣΪʲôҪ͵ܣ
ˣˣҵԴ벻ˡʵʮǸΪԲеǸˣȻ£ҲϲҲȥãܼ
ҵҪΣҲûܡ˵һ˵ĶΪ⣡ԾҲң
ǸСۣһ֪ҴЩ׳㻰
ʱʱ̶̿Լָо̫ˣԶԼɵϣָоҲ̫ˣ
Щ˻һҸоûùʵǺׯصŮ㵱ŮװŮ
ǽһսҵøʣһҪĳЩ⡣
ȥҾͲװˣһ£Ϳˡһûͦס׾ˣʡأ
ʱûҵҵĸܣûȨˡΨһľǱҸʲôҾ͸ʲô
˧ƱҪָ˵ġʱ䲻˰̽ɵóȥ˼ҵĲˣ㻹ȥƨ
ⲻû⣬˸鰡
˧ʮҲ˲һأʱҲᱻԹһӵģԺţ棬ǾͲˡ
ô˵㲻ΪңҲΪңܵˡȻҲƼûһΪ鷨оˬ
ǰڿյϵӰǵǸɻȥ͵׵ĹӣĴӡʮ̡
͵ܼƻҪҵǸӣҲˣҵǸףҪװģ
˶ôܵģϸС˵ЩŮľܷǰСˣǱƤ֮ĸ߿ƼƷôͺ͵عϻ쵽һȥˣ
⻹㣬뵽ƻѪ
ľ籾ģ¹Ȣڶ;ʵ¹׳һˮҴȢ֮Ϊޡ
⵱ȻǺ°Ҫ¹ͶһعǼŮҲŮּ˰԰еعϵޡ
ᣬذҲʲôʱö⣬ع϶Իƽˡ
񵼵ⲿϷһʱ˼ѻңҪڵعϿˡ
ܲѪ𣿻бõĲˣô׳յαװҪ￴ֻ
Ҫ̲飬ֻҪһƣֻ͵عһöϻ
˵ˣȻеˣɰڵعϿԣ治˴ģΪʲôҪĿࣿ
Ҿ͵Ķ챻УȻȥ⡣
Ҳ֪ĶСѾͷѲɻҵģ·ɲһ죬ҲڿšܺͳԺ˯ϵһġ
û뵽ΪҷŵعϿҾɵعˣ
ֱ۾ʲô취ʮ죿
ûа취ҳ顣Ȼûа취ȴа취
а취ûɣ˵ҰѵĲϣһȥ취ǿУҾβס֣Ҳûпܣֻûˡ
ᣬҲúСģҶ뵽İ취ҾͲ벻
˵ҶһְҩǳЧ֪ﻹûУ
ҩҿԤкܲð
ûӡ𣿺Ҳùݸʱҿɻǵأ
˵ҶϵĳҩҩػתҾ˵ǸСְǳˣһǺޣҰԵꡣô׳ܵʲô˵ǵҩ˵ҲûʲôһӾˡССʲôҲ˵ˡ
ֻ³ҾͰ֪ңҲ˵ӦҲᰡô֪ģ
ɻΪʲôÿССһ£бӦô˺ңͶúúõأûƽˣ
ҩİ취ҲеͨġҵڹײҲ࣬ҲǱڹײ۵㣬㡣ֻҪûƿ¹пܵģ
ʱ򣬶˵ĺأҲ֪ˣҵԥ쵰
ãҳԣҺްҺúޣ
ǿ׼ˣҵķ˧Ҳ֪һҩϡû취˭ҩôãûи书ȻҪЯˡ
ôܱ˳ԵģҲ
ֻǾҪθʮ죿ôûأǰ֪Ҳôˡ֪ˣҶٻǶԼ²˺֣
ҵĺӶĶȥˣʲ찡

43ʹԲ

ҵ۾Ϻ豭֮תȻǲȣǸ⣡
ңΪҺͶ磬Ȱɣɿ
飬Ҫ˵Ϊˣɺţ棬Ѫ
첱һҲһôǸȷĵعܷЧȻͺ͵عһ
˵ףһǶİ취ڻ
Ҿ֪ܷѡģ·ģȶҩģһӵɵġĽۣҲúģ
ľ籾Ϊ۾ܿ˧ˡȻ̽һ²飬˽˽ݵİ취˵ңȥˡ
Ҳβҿ˭ˣԼҲûε
Ҷǣ
ҪûǴͽ֡ǸݸһƵˡȻͲԾˣ
ʼʱɣһΪ¹ˡҶǣȻƭǮڷ˧ϣҲܰô¹Ĵ󽫾Ϊҵˡ
ˣ˧մջǮ¡һǮûˣ
Ҹѻŵʱ뷨ҴѣȫѹʱҷѾзڵˡ
Ҿ;˵ͷһשˣ
ڵϺ͹ҶǶӣ֪ܣҲڰɣҵȻǿҲǸŮӰ
Ҷ֮ƣû뵽Ҳнɣ
꣬ǺйҺޣҪ̨ʣ
ѵҶ֮Ҳ㣿ʣ۾ģû˱޹ˡ
ãסҪᣡ񣬺һŭգ
˭ֹ
Ǹ磬ûҴ˭ѵҶ֮ƵɣҲôʣӦŮġ
ŮʲôᣬҶ֮ʲôʱеģУ
һ賯Ҿùģ治ʿ첻Ҫ䵽ҵˡݺݵ룬һҲ¶
û취˭䵽˼ء
㣬ǻʺˡȴΪ¹ϵ¶㣬Ҿûа취ˡ
˵ǸةҵС㣿ˣءɣ
һùûµô౭ʲô棿
磬磡
°ֻû뵽ģûġûʲô޼ʲôǷƣⶼռȫˣ
Ҷңѱ˵Ķӵ׶ةңԼ׶Ӹ˵ҷˣ
˵ϸˣȫˣҸϽֹסҶʹ˵ʷ
ʵҲ˵ڹϵҵҲò˵СãɱģҶ֮üɱġҪϸ˵Ҳܺߡɱˣ˻ʺòˣұ˺ڹҲͦԩģ
ֻʵʵ˵ˣ¼ҵĻʼʷûǱܡ
иܸ㣬û޸ǸϾôˣ˵ҲǼ¡¹Ļֻϲˣһ÷ܣͲҲֲܲŹء
ұյǰ˵ģȻһǸȥҲڹҶҲɱڵģ
ұϣӦøмҰɣôޱȱӵĿ⣬ΪҶҵ˶Ӧеû뵽֮Ȼ޳ܡҶС̶ֳȣҿ۽磡
ţᣬ磬˵Ķʵòã
治ףá겻ϧΪһٻڻ顣֪Ϊ㣬˻ȥȢĹΪ㣬ܵףаϿ˵Щȥ
ˣˣˣ鷳ɴ͸ˣ
⵽Ǹʱ䣬Ҳòȥ룬ΪʲôһҶһˡ
Ǵͷ˵ɣһαˣҵˮǴΡȻҾͲòżǸ
ڶңҲòȥճŷ˧ںұ˧ճˡΪ˻ѡ
ңɳǣ´ţ˵㶾
ĴңǵðŪݸһħ֮С
䵽ҶӦǵΣŹҶȢ˼ˣֲùҶȢˡѹֹҶǵķ߶кˡûС£ɱҲ֡˭˭Ҳܸɰ˵ˣء
ҿ˳ɹҶǵˣƵģǲ֪˭ȥˡ
ûºӣԷҼȣұ׷ɱЩҶûء
ЩȻң쳤վãȥҲˡ
ΣΣʵݲĵıߡֻΪʲôҪҾһֻԴ¿˵
ҪܻŻȥҷһƲ
Ҫأųǽӣɱȫң
˵ˣҪ͵عһǿ

44

¡Ŀ£ȴʱ䣬ѶĿֲӵ쾡¡
Һо飡ѡһϣûⷽľȽϺãϧЩǲȥѡԹڵһ㹻ľ飡
ҶǺһ㣬Ҳ̵⣬͹⵱ҵĥţǵɱҵģ
ĵĥʯϣȥнĥšڹҵƤǺëƤ񰡣ЩˣҲˣ
ǾŰ
ҴҲûи磬ʵ᲻˽֮飬ʲôġ
ò״Ҷ֮̳и磬鴦ζˡ
ҶǴСͱˣøôе㻳ɡ
ȻûɼûʲôӴɣûмҶɡ˵ģõĸ֮ǱɣΪʲôҪȵ죿ҾûŪ塣ǰ̫Ļ
ҵķߵˣҶ֮Ƶ£Ӧò֪ߵˣлӽҰ
Ǹ˴ˣ˽һĵؽǸ򣬡õ£ҲźܸҲҪ뿪㡣ɱңС㲻Ҳˡ
бһۣͣĶǴͣˡԩģҪҵỨͺˣֻôؼʱ̣ûǱ¡
뱨ͲӦɱҡҪɱͣýز𡣡˵ΪҶ֮Ƶ˽⣬ôҲûãʲôɵ¡
ʮһСѾͷֻҪɱ˷Ż˺ޣܺ޵ĶȥôҲܻȡ
Ҫɱûзɵˣ˵ǲǣ
ҶЦЦ˵ҶСյüȴ˵е֮޲
ٺ治õ
ûɴբзһ˹ȥҸƴˣ
֮ǰҼĸֻ쵰Ҳ֮޲
ϻôЦߡ˼ǸŭԣŭҲŭñ͸ˣ
˽⻰˵ģܻ˭Сʹúܣ˭һָͷҾͻˡܲ𣡡ٿķӳǸӣ˵Ҿͻϣģ¶ȡʱҲãһһӡ
ֻҪûʲô¶пܵΣ
ú޵˲ңû´㻹и޵ˣ԰ɣͱ񣬡ʵһű˸áʲô˵ҲʶܰæĵطһϹᣬѣ
Ҷ꣬ʴЦЦýһã
ˣҶСǸˡҲת˵ûǱáȻԸ⣬˵㻻ʲôأ
ˣҿǮ˰ɣҾѿ죬Цأ˵һʲôνֻҪ˾ͺã뻻ʲôνͿ˭ˡ
ҿؿɼЦЦȻԽЦԽ档ΪʲôΪҿ˾ǣҵĵNıɱֱɱҡˣ
ҵϵۣûҵģ
ڹҶҪôڿҵʱһֳ֧ĺ˹ȥǺ֣һ֧޳֡ĶأһҲû֡ģǸôϵģ
ǲһµòءҶǵʱֵǸ飬Ҳò˵Ĺֽˣ
ǸߴӢԿ͵İˣ
кᣬؿˡñϲãҲֵˣҶԹҶǵԹޡ
ڰɰ֮ĵһ£ǺͰһҵӵҲϻ飬ȥԹҶһȭߣҾһ
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ҿڰϴͣȻͷؿŰŰңҺüˮˣھŰҡһĶĥŻ
˵
ҲֺֻӣСӦûΡȻɳǵǴβôƢˣŵڵϵĹҶǣҲ˼֣
Ȼñ۸жҶֵ˻ࡣɳǵǴΣҲûܹί
ԽԽίпˡ㿪״ָϽסҵ졣
뿪ٿޣȻˡȻڲһ˵ˣ
˵ҼҰҵͷֹסžشŰֱȥ˵ҿһҲ֪
һѹ˰ˡһֱڵϣںδһ֪еľͷΪ˱סС̸š
ð뿪Ҳ֪ôˣֹסϢصûꡣ
һܣҹ϶ָ۸ʲôأ
ԣڰ뿪֮ǰǰŹҶһк
ȻɲǲбˣҸˡɱ£ǲġҶҲñҲûʲôУҲûҳ
ԸѵҪġҪ󲻸ߣ˽Ǿˣ²УҵҪĲߣ
˵˵ȥҾôأⱲӳɲ˴ˣ

45

룬žžવصᡣҲжѹỹֹסˡ
ԭҸŵعǣĻص¹һɳǡȻ߾Уؾ֮·
ҶǰҵĵطǵӵɳסǼҿ͵ꡣʵΣпǧҺֻˣ
ôһû񣬺ͻƬŮˡ޵úһγϰ
ţ棬÷˧洫Ȼûз˧ĺóԣҲζ
ӣˡڵعôãΪڳԵģһûϢ
ҪȥɱɣǲǾͲˣ̵ˡ
㣬ȥɱ˭ҳ鴤ţ뵽
ݸ־ңⱲӾûùⶫԣϱӡⱲӺҲǣǾϱӼⱲӣҾûùⶫ
קӣҴȽҴӵ·ĨһҪǲ顣
˵Ҫȥɱ˭ػõ㣬˵ˡðȥɱˣزʲô
Ŀǰʶ١֮֮˻йҶǡȺ
Ǻܿɶ񣬿ڻȥɱʱ򣬶°ûɱı¡ҪǷ˧ûˣƴһƴҲõЩϹģǲ֪ǲġ
ҪPK֪ܱܲȵҶ³Ǻ½С
ȥɱ˹ҶǣĿϣҾֵҧгݵı飬ر죡
ѹֶ˵ŮõⲻȰѰëˡһ˭ȥأ
챻ˣɱʲô˵ǹҶǰһΪ˵ء
ҵһοǵޣɣǲ˵úأ
ԭѵðһƢΪҡƽʱΪ˻ǲģһϰ塣
Ҷǵûִ֣ҵ˵˵ȥҶˡ˵ͦصġҲұ˳ҳ˿ԹͲôˡ
Щһ˳ıȣҵĶԹˡ
ǵģҿ̫ˣԲһֱޡˣҲ뵽ôˣ
ҹŸˣſˣһҲû밢ôġôֱ֪˽ˣûһαˡЩ˽Ҷˡ
ƵǣǼٲƣҲɫⲻƵصǾͻ𣬲͵ǣҲ֪ǽҶſ£
ҰѰߣȥǸͷġӦøŷͷʲôţô֪ҳˣʲôҲ֪£
£ɽˮȷֵġ
֪ҵƢ֪֪£ߣȻԼ취֪ˣǵʱˡ
һǲףɽˮãҪûǴǷ˧𣿡㣬ô֪ġʲôʱʼҲˣ
ʵɽˮõˣˡʵҲҾġ
ƣǰëֻҪһżͿʼ¿죬ٲŵģ
ż㻹˵ɣͷʼ˵ͺˣģһֱšţܿ㣬Ȼһ䣬һ䣬ĶһʱҲʲס
ʦģ˺صˣ
˧ˣôڷͷ
ҸյãͱˡҲ֪㱻ˡȥ㣬ʦá
˵ص㣬ҲòڿɲǱĵʱ򡣡˵˵Ϊʲô˧ᱻ͵ͷ
ʦǳʦ壬ҪʦоȻ˺ˣҲֻǸˡ
ɶЩô˵пɶ˧ôôصˡ˧и̣һûûˡ
Ȼأ˧õûұȽϹġ
˻Ҫңִ˼·ˡŻ˵Ȼȥ·Σգ㡣
ҵķ˧ɶҲ˵ˡȻͷҷǰ˲ɣôˣ
ŹҶǽӦ㣬ɻص¹ڣҶһֱͣɳǡ˵ҶӦð͵ʦŶԡɽˮõˣȥ̽Ϣ㱻Ҷǰˡҵ֪ϢҹϹ
ԭġֻû뵽ͷǷ˧ʦ壬Ҫ˵Եݰڣ޴ڵĿܡ
˧Ǹɽˮûã֪ûᣬڴ̣ɷ޹˾СǮ;ô鱨׬ˣ
ֻǹҶΪʲôҪͣɳǣѵΪ˵ѹ벻װ벻ס
ô죿ǾͲˡ
ؿŰغ֡
۾Ԥ֪ΣյԽԽǿˡ
ţˣóˡȥһɣЦؿˣһҪȥ˧ء
ŵıҲûôʲôΪһʲô

46

ΪһޣûУ
ҹ̣õ߷û뵽龰
ɱˣ
ҴûһˣŴҩңҲû޵ɱ
Ȼ֪Ҳޣȥ˾ˡΪҴȣΪʵһ̫¡
Ǹʱ䣬һúõضءˣù˷ģúҴš
ҵķ˧ӵġʶķ˧ôӣ
˧кǿ̳õԲϸ¡ϵıԶº͵ģŵЦ̲סƤÿȥ
ҿķ˧һѪɫҲûУݵ¶üǺͼ°ͣܿõͻǡŶõʱ䣬⻹Ǹ񹦸ķ˧
µķ˧ңǰǸЦǹӳӰӣֻҪˣҲ᲻
ҽ֣ȻԼ᲻ҪҲķ˧ǰޡ
ǰЦŭˣҾһֲ̫̬ȴΪ棬ͿԲ⡣ֻˣŻ棡
ʵû˭ԶôûûεĻţʲôԿúܵôõ
һȻһʱɱɵϣûȥԹ˵ЩΪң
ҿ޵̫ˣʱȫȦҾǲҪǸԵʱˣ
˵ôأ˵ˣѿڣݹˮ
˧ֲţһֻӣ⿪Լ½Ҫƽʱô˧ķ˧½޵ľͷ
ڣ˿ڷҩһƬûаиľͷؿڴ
ôĴ棬Ҫڴֵľͷôһľͷ
Ҳ󣬡ô취㿪㣬һֱ̫š
˧ߣǱϵģƫƫ£ⲻò˲ʡ
ҲʱҲ㿪˧ҵ֣֡ۼɽˣȥ㡣֪ǲܵġǸʱ֪ԴһȾͳȥˣôÿҶ׷㡣ľͷɹҾ룬ɣҲ׷ˣҲҪˣ˵Լ߹
˧ЦЦؿңܵͣȴ׹Ѫ嵽ͷ
Ҵӷ˧ҵ֣ߵӱϣԼһ衣һڣȻĲ豭ʹˤϡ
ˤ豭ˤˤӣӣӣұŴǰȥīֽһ⣬õʲôˤʲô
̫ˣ
߻ھΣǲһ쵽̫ŵˣߵѣˮ֮С
Ǳ߿ɵãˣⶼʲôýڣɽˣôһʱ䣬ɣҲô뷨
һǧˣıɱɱ˧ҲԶ㣬òõֽ˵£ҲҪҵ汻ģҲûô㰡
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ҪǷ˧ϵˣӴϾʹʹػεͷΣҿһͣЬ״
ǰ׳հϼܵͷʲôطУҴʲô֣ʲô׷ң׷ģ㵱Ҫծģҡ
ͻȻһдҵҵķֱߣҵĻûأ
ҾһûӰ Ǹͷð̵ؾͳˡ
ҵľ籭ҵİ˱ҵĽֽҵʯ̨ͷŵŧʻˮѾͷôҲ˵ȿңͰҵıҡ
ˣָ߳һֱԲסıȻңôųëó԰ʲôҲã
ָŴϵķ˧ﶼôˣҲûκã촵ء㻹ʲô󾢰ʰʰȥˣ
㣬㣬㡭ͷңңңҡָֻ˵ϰˣɥʵڲʺ
׵ݴʣѧȥҲûãҲôˣʡʡɣˣҪпˮͺˣ
ͷɫͽѾͷַ˰ɣ
˫üҪ˧ִŴԵĵ͵Ц
תӱȽ㡣ס޵ӣϲ˭ˣã˧ǣ˿ڣЦ
ҵԴһƬհף񰡣㻹ǰѷ˧ջȥɣҪԶˣȻŵҪô׽Ūҡ
ղϴֻŵĺӣˣأ
㣡ңҺޣҲˣҪؼң
ͷڵϼȣϰĻľ
ʱ򻹵˵ǰʦȥóԵİɣȻǺòˣ˵ֿҡ
ǿզ찡ˣϵǸϺõ⣬Ҷûóԡ˰ɣ
ҿ󣬿ʼôһʲô󾢰

47Ͳ

Ǹķ˧ԭǲԭġôأֲʮֺϾɶҲ˵ˣҾ
ˣԭҲû氡
ڷͷƬϣı
ҷҲˣ
ΰëϯ˼ҵǾ˵úã͵ð
ΪΨһ֮·
֮ԱΪҺĳҶ֮ơҶ֮Ҳ⣬ҲǱġıΪǸǸоʲôʼҵܣȫҪĶ
ô׷ңҲΪЩѣ
ѾͷٴһĻ⡣ͷˡ
ҿٿĻâҵ³ɺأҴˣ
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⻹ôҺͷĶԹ˵Ҳȥ꣬Ҵӹײ֮
Ҳ·ߣԷֵĵطҶˣȥһҶҽͨ䣬ɽˮĵط⵽Ǹ·գɷӿռ䡣
ҵĸֱ࣬ӱˣֻ˵ȥĶȥĶ
ʵѡ·ˣð裬ǿ˰Ҳû·ȥȷ·ͲҺɫˡҵȻҪѼӲˣҲҪֵסţߵͷΧˡ
˵ͽɵɵͷԼҲ˵кܶרôһҲء
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ΪҿˣûҼƽϵġ
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ͷԥ߽ժһ䣬Уָתս׷£¶˿ƣ
Һ޵ǻ۷ҪԺ̫ƽӣҾֻܰԼȱ̫ƽˡ
Ҷ֮֮Աô˹עΪ֪ʼҵܡԲЩ˶ΧһҪʹмˡ
ҶˣһֽӽɵϵľֹҶ֮ƵҾͲˣԴ¿ߣҪȻԸǰգ
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ɻҿˣԲ
벻еģҵ뷨ƽˣȻ̫ƽӲпܣҪȻⱲӶ밲ҳ챻ץץȥģǺܺõ֤
ʼҵܣ˵ͷźקˣ
ͳ˵ɣְһ仨

ҷͷ

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Թַǲֻѣ֪ΪʲôָҲֵҵȴʮԽĥԽáʦ˵Ѿ
ʦһң˵Ҫչصɽˮý硣ûҪңҲҪ
һӣҲûʦãһֱʦչôꡣɽˮô磬ɼʦİΪѳ
ⶼûϵһֱΪԼš
ʦߵʱͻȻ˵ʦܣĽ㣡ʦֳʦãһӶ׷ҪĶõˡĽʲô˵ѪѵĽ
һڳ֪ԼҪʲôһֱ룬˶ʮꡣֱһ죬˴ҵĳȡ
Ѿͷȵĵһ£ǻҵϻû߳ҲĻѤ֮ʦҲܣ˵Ѿͷˡ
һʼû߳ȥǸɵСӰֱӰҵĻ˵תתȥ۾
ŵӣҵһޡֻ书ȻʲôʲôʵڲףĶ˷
ʮʦ֣ûˡǵʦΪҷɽˮã͸ҵר
ҵñȵ죬ұƽϣҾֲҶ
ҵţ֪ҵ۷ֱһҲףΪʲôҪšǰмֳʶ֪ҷ
ѵӽ̫ˣû˼ǵˣҲǳɽˮãһп롣ˣֻҪɽˮûڣϾûҲ֪¡
ӣȻڽڡ־һ
ڹʰ֣˵ҷ۸һṦСѾͷҵǲ±˵лҲںЩֻǸɵСӻƴ
֮ҵһҪĶǸѾͷɵСӰɵСɵɵȴǸһĲϣòҺʦ֮ϡ
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ȻʦеʦһüǸֻһɵϣϧһýǡǸӵѾͷȥҲԸҿž
հΪͽԽסԽġƤһĺ񡣺óԺúȻģסµһ˵ǣȣʲô֣
Һ
ֻһµķ֣εĵط໨ѿҲεһЩط֣ȷֳ໨ѿ
⻨ָԶ棬ֹ˼úãֻһ˶ʮ֪ʱ򣬾ҵ˴
ԭУΪ䱦Ķڱ˿ʵҲûʲôΪ̫⣬̫Сģʧƽġ԰ԭȻ飬øˣҲʧȥ˽ӽʵĻᡣ
ҵԭķϣ֪ԼڹŹתһȦһ쵽ɢǳ
ҵĳԴöȣӴ˾ͽҷͷʵҲûôϰɣȻǺЩѵЩͷ
Դ˼ֲ֣͸ѾͷǸһŵֻз˵ˣŻǮЩûеĶϡ
ľͷӣһӡľͷӲ˿ԶӶʹ鷳ۣǺʺԽԽá
ҲǸˣ˵ַǳ˵ľֹҲûʲôܽܣе̫ˡ
һۿҾҵͬࡣһ飬ɺҲ֪Һǲһģ䣬ȴǸûģûˡ
˵ûǸӣǸٹˣ
ΪǿһֱסȥҺϲʱϲǸɵСӺĿҶ̲ס̾ôõĺӣô䵽Ǹ龫ֵѾͷأ
ϧˣϧˣõĺӰ
һȥҵļӦ˵ǰҼҺǸѾͷһԾ˯˵жߡ
һ죬ᵽʦֵĸܣЩʲôŬҲòġʦ˵ʦã˵ǰ
ұҵ书ڣǸѾͷһ˵Ҫߣûһԥؾ͸š
Ǹϰ֮ˣҲҵĹ򲻶ģ뾡һа취Ҳû£ˣߵʱôˡ
ʵҲûбʦֺö٣֪ⱲӣҲոͽܣûճɡǲǾͲĽˣ
ͻȻһ찢ˣȻ˱͵ʱҲ֪ǸѾͷҶ֮ơ
ʦֵͷ⣬ǸɵСǺɸֻ֡ǸѾͷ㵹ùˡ
һûûεļһ˽С̰޼ɵɢ·ûʲôܵȼ飬ҲʲôãôõӶΧת
ϧˣϧˣ
֪䵽˭ú
ãûжӣең

48ܵ

ҵӡνʼһ㶼ͽƱйءҪǿϵĻϣܻʲôؼ֮Ķ
Ӳ⼸ľ鿴Ҷݵġſ¹ǡ͡Ӣ۴
˰ɣٴҲˣЩ뷨ͬġ磬ԽǮȨɫִţݹʷŽ⣬Ų䣡˭Ҳ˭ǿ˶٣
Ҳ˵û࣬ǧҲһ֮ҶͨˣеĶǰ뷨
Էͷ˵¹Ļи󱦲ʱһҲ⡣ҲµҲֻ࣬ǴС⣬ûʲô˳Ծĵط
һûû˼
Ұ°ͷڴ̨ϣŷͷıֻмҷˡ
Щ£Ϲǽ˵أ
ͷ¹֮ǸϵõҵĶɽǴҴģƱҲǴģȻзݡ
ҲǺƽģԿõͼһ¹ҲûʲôУԾͶƴͳĻʺͻʹƾǻǼϻ˼Ľǡ
ɴ˼еζˣ˼뻹û޷Ȩһ취ʺͻʹϮģȻôȢҶ֮ơ
ֻϧ˧ӣǸİܼӡ첻ҵ椡¹ϴʼоͲ̫ʹˡ
ȻȢҶ֮еˣϱӻܼҡҲϴģͷ˵ʲôر
Ҷ֮ܳⳡӣҲԭģõ˺ˮҶֻ֮Ǹų˹䡣˵׻˲Ƕʲôʲô²ֲ塣
ֻô찡ұ٣һΤСոʮ¾Ҳܱġ
ٲУ׳ʿ󡭡ɣ
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£ʵʦĲͺöˣ
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㲻ȥʦ֣ҲҵΡ
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ң鲻ãҪǨŭͷϣض԰˵
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Ҹô죿Ҹô죿ҵ׸ô찡
߽ͬ˲ãûаֲ˵Щҵġ
ˣ˧Ƶʱ
Ҫס𣬷˧ǸˣҪƽϡΣȻعͷ
ڲ㽲ɫǺܲ˺ܶ࣬˵ǼװҲǣǷֲʲô棬ʲôǼˡ˭ܸң˵ʲô̶ˣ
Ժ󶼻ָúܿ졣
ǰûã
ǣǰǿʦҵϢ
Ҳǹģ
˧ЦΪɵزԣáͿ㡣Ҳϣӡͣ٣Ȼ˵һ̫죬Ҷ㲻
ûôҲѪ֮ǿˣ˲ҲܱܿĹڶɱ
ҵίˣʲô¶Цġİ˵ˡ
ΪɵعϣҾͲ˵ʲôˡΪ˯˸ˣС㶼ûˡҵ˶ٵ˶°ʵϲǸ
ƽʱ˶ô̹Ȼֻ㿪Цû뵽ķӳô󡣡
ʲôʱ̹Ȼˣòãֺ𣬰ʶˡʶˡôʱ䣬֪ʲôˣ
˧Цëңܿġݸʱ㲻Ǻ̹Ȼ
Ǹʱ£Ҳٺ˵ˣ̫ǿˡ ȥ˰ɣˡ̸û취־ɫˣЦƻãȥҲþܾҿɲȥ
˺ˣ̸
뱻ȣԾȣ˧ˣҪһһ̯أЩÿԼ

49ѡ

ѡⶫ˷ΪǼ¡
ʹŰһѡʹ࣬һϵơ
ҵҲҪѡҺʹ࣡
˧壬õĺԣ֤ˡ
ǳˣ
Ϊ˧ÿ죬ͷܸˡٴҳʳǡҲܸˣȥһռᡣ˧ǸˣϾͶЦᶼˡ
һԺֻҳüһˡ
øҺܶҪһʦҶԶˣͷŷ˧ҳʲô°ţҲûˡ
˧Ϸǳػش𣬡ʦ֮統ģͲͷˡ
ͽʦЩҲҪЩ㣬ͷ̫ࡣͷˡ
ǰɴֱ࣬ӹ¿ͷϡ
ɻûʲô°ָմźռ֭һ򣬰ֽܶࡣܸͷҲϺãкܴϵ
Ҷ͸ˡͷһˣʲôʲôǡ
ԽԽһڵľһڳüչ벻Բ߰
𣿡˧ʡ
ҿŷ˧⣬һֻǰѼȥǮءüһϡҵķԱʱ֮衣
𣿡˧ƲΪʲôҪʡ
ȻһοõܶǮûˡȻǮ٣Ǯ׬Ҫ㣬ѡĶһ
˧룬ɣϸˮ
ǵõȵʲôʱ򣿻㡣ǮܸɵģһҲǮǷͷķ
е˵ڰʡãã
ʲôֿʼˣȽ˽ҡ
Ϊȥഴҵɣ
⵱ȻǾԲܵģ˽ҵ˶Ӧ־԰ƺвõԤˡͽ䣬ҲƵģ
ʵҲǱΣȻҲȥЩ¡
˧ҲˣҵøϽҵˡ¸粻Ȼһ仯ʲôˡ
ҵķһ׳ʿüˡ˵ãĵá
һ쵽ͣ׷ܣΪ¹ǸʼұءҾƣô򵥡
ǵأӴҾ̫ƽˡվҶ֮ƣǸڽʲôҾҲ벻
ҪΪԶˣҶ֮ԼϧЩˣӴҲûмյĻˡ
벻Ҳ벻ͺñȴҶڼҸ°ͺղءͺðˣһ㷢չء
ǣҲ˵ЩһӾܱҴĻѻһΣڶΡ
ǿɶǺˣҪ˵ˣݶ¸ңʮ˸һҲûáЩ˭ˣˣ˵ˣֱӰҵָġ
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ʱ٣ҷ仰Ժָ˼롣ټ٣ټ档УҲޣ˰ɣǲҪ𣿸һ͵ˡ
˵ж˭Ҳ֪ˣ
ҹҵڵ´̡ҵڵѪڴᣬҲʰһϣһ£ĶһѹΡν׳ʿ󣬶ϵҲҵģҾ׳ʿ
˵ףѣٽʱʹһشòóʲôͷװʲôͷھײͷǮѰ
ҵĲƲּ֣һģҶϵģǰġû뵽治Сҵľ̻˵ǮȻûлĶࡣ
˵˱յķӣҲͶʧܡ
ǰĶǱ˵Ǯ۶ٶǸ֡ҵģʹ
ͦãǮһڸһȻ㻭ͼˡǮʱҲ뵽ҪǰҵǮؽȥˣ°뱲ɶ
ѵҲȥõܼңѾٲȻ¥գûһܸɵİزپҵƷû˽ܣ²˸ðɣ
ΪɣԺֻҪ·ؤղջѣ
˺ü죬ôôư취ˣɲ˵ȻҲ̫Ŭ߿£
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һھһµڶˡú⡣ȴϸеĶࡣѾڣ͵ҵģ
ķǳսԣ

50ҵ׼

˲ܺ仰Կǧţ
Ϊ¹ⱲӣԿֵĵ׳棬ڼҡû뵽û뵽ҪΪ棬ȥ취Ǯˡ
ǰǮΪûǮҪ治ѶΪ֮ᣬÿƱðǡΪ˻취ȥǮһǮ
ûط˵ȥˣ
Ȼ棬Ǳ档ֶͬǾûǮ͵ϱûǮǶⱲûǮǱ˿ǿҲ;ͬ飡
ҵͲǸܰˣ͵СӣѾͷ仰˵أ̫ʺˡҴҶ֮СʻֻܵѾͷת

ϲʵǾֻܱž֪ôġҲʹᣬ취Ǯġѡ
Ȼ͵ҵģҪǲ˵Ҳ֪ǲҵģԲĸĸ
һҵǷͷ˭Ǯˡ
˧ҲõĲˣҿҾ͸ˣҶ룬Ҷĭӡ˵һԻһͷţһҲûȳĺãòǺò裬þͺںù󰡣
պõߣ㲻޼ҿɹҪߵĶȥͷϴΣ˵¹ڻ
ҪߵȻҵص㣬Ҫҵ̵̵棬Ȼôתءһ֪ʲôˣԺô̸ߵĿǼػص·ߣ
ĹѧôˣǰҴûʹ
㣬ʲôͷ۾ϴüëˡļһȥư
ۼҰҲýôȥҪƵˣ㰡Էͷ˵
һûסЦͳˣ⻹ǿͷһҲŷӳ
Ҫ;洫˰ɣҲ֪ȻЦñĻԼŷ˧Ͱ˵ġ
Ҫǰˣϧλᡣ书ԺҪͷ˧һذٽϷҲҪ㣬
ϧ衭ͷò׵ôͽܣȴѧɸèȥԺҲ˰˼֪ģ˵ûѧ֪ģ϶˵ʦС˭˭֪㣿ҾͲ֪ġ֮ǰһҲ֪Ҳ̫֪
ֻ˵ʦϽأͽܲãʦܲ𣿰°뱲Ӿͱȥˣûǰ;ˣ
ͷָָҰû˵
ʱˣҲ밢Ҿû취ˡҲѰ㣬ǽͲһˣ
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С޵Ŀܡͷ۾ͿʼŹˣҾͲܲϹ书ôɽȦһʮ꣬벻˳ʲôģˣҿܼǵöٶթߣ
˵ײ˰ЩĶһ
ͷϹˣ
ѰǮ򣡡ҼɰͷҶϵɰҶϵƵ˵ģңҾ͸ոˡʵͷҲ̫ϡ
ʹ״ǼңԿͣԹʿ䣬ǰ󣬾Ϲᣬѣãóʲôѧĳﶼͷˡ
ˣַһͷǱˣ
ɫʹҲôװġޱ飬
۰ɣֻҪ𣬶ǮҶ򣡡Ҫ籾ˣȵľ̨ʡһԺ󻹻˵ûҸ֮ġҺ⡣
Ц衭ʦ̸Ǯ˵Զˡ˭ô˵ҲҵİˡתҪҲɲ¡Ҳã˵ҲûҲ룬˭롣ʦߵȻãԺϢˣܹڣҫ档ҲйⰡֻǡ
ͷѾԶУɫ㱣ɵЦ߲
ֻǰۡɲϹģִҪߣ֣֤ۣͷҲԼʶġ
ʲô㣿ͷʵǽһС
ǵȻ㳶
дתɣѰתºˡܰߺúϰˣ
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ҲҪʲôֻҵæͿ첽ˣ죬ҵ˵ءɽˮõҲ顣
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Цݣ⻹˵ҪҵһʲôǺãҰѰתˡ书˭ѧѧء˳㻹ܼͷ˧ѧֶһ֮·˧ûǸģҲûǸʱҲ֪˧Ǻæģ˼ҿǸүֵùܸɽˮáȢӡЩæˣҲʮ֮ˡѧ֮ǰԣҲĥˡ
ãҰ飡ĥͲûȵأĥƽˣ

51ְҵŮ

ҲҪдͷдתƣѾӦˣҾһΪʲôҪºܻعȣ
طͷϵֽǸҰɣݺὭһˣˡҲ룬ҹ¿һˣѰˣҪҰһ¡˭ң»һӣ㻹ô໰¶ҵˣͷҲ̫ˣ
ңǩǩҧúء
дСԼȫչ˷ͷϲáͲڵѧʱ򣬿ءϾʵû뵽һ죬ҲܱűǩһȻӦϸоо
Ͳ֪ûɥȨζ⿴ƽԼʵ㲻ҲǲƽԼ£
׷
ҷתҪԼҾ˵ҽҶ֮ơǽɹ˿ءǰ׷ɱң
˫Ըԭýݸ֪뱾޹صĵˣΥԼʱʧЧ
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ҷҪ׷һԮ׷þܾ
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ʲôΪƽԼǾ֪ƽȣҲҧ˵ͬ⣬ҪǩɵԼ
һֻһҵԼװǵĸо̫ˬˣ
ͷȻ˰ǩˡҹһҲһԼ˵ͲһԼأʱͿԣԴΪڱˡîžء
ҲȷʵңҷҲҶԳĴ£һȤҲûСôҲ̫̫ƽƽĶ죡
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ת
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һչȥûǣˡϿȥУϣҴܵûͦ죬һòͣں£
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Ҫ˵⹤ҲǵһθɡڷͷϹȫղҿϣ¹аǰʮλϸгǵұƸԴϰ߰ãûĳԼҪ·ߡ
ҷͷǼٵģⶫģҲǶ¹찡
Ҳǲ뵱ط񣬿¸ؼҸûⱾ¡˵Ҫ¾˲ƸʮꡣûȺʱ䡣
Ĺ˧ǲ㣬óȥˣû⣬ҵеġǳ˵ģո˵
һҹô׵𣬳У벻ڶ취ҲòûмСǮ;Ĺ
¹λǻ㺣ŵϰ塣ҵǲȤֻ֪ǮĶͳˡ뵱Ҵ֮󣬶Ľ֪ʶڻ㺣ɨäء
ҺͰĵطǻ㺣˳ؾ֮·ǸաֻˣɱԽĺõطзֺŵĽҪ͵϶㺣ܺţģľˡ
Ͽ㺣¹ķ֮һξٲȫķ֮һҲˡڻ㺣ҵУֻ֯Ҫйأð졣ԵǸ̬ʵˣϣôķϣӴ˷ң
ѡҸҸͫ|Ĵ̰١Ͷƣٸƶû׼ܻһ㣬ҽںڳԺڣҲ̫Ŀŵ׷ɱҡ¹һʱҲ
˵УҲӦ϶һǲҪȽϺáͷұȽϽҾ˰ɡ
˵ٵľ԰ף֮Цǰϡ
̫ˣôϲЧˣҺͰٵģǴĿҵͳһƷòҲ㣿
ЦɣԽԽãѪҺѭӿ죬ҩЧɢҸݷͷʮҩҶϵĳǿҩĵƶɣϧʵϡ
Ѿڷͷɹʵ顣ȻܰŰɻ𣿼ڷ˧ԭûҶҩ͸˵ҶϵҩҩҳñȽ죬ҩӦû⣡
ҸղЩҩûһҲаʮʮˣҾͲŻܱȷͷǿ
Ϊ߳һˣҵ۾ֱˡУС׬ˣɲ֮ǰκͣĳ˺к֮䣬ŵϿµеаȥС
ҵΪ¹ҵ˲࣬ǵСķϣҷ뿪үǵģɣ˸Ǯ
Һߣ뿪ҲҪ벻룬Ǯû߸ƨСǮңҳԶٰҲֹǮأҿûʱ䡣
ԸСҵĺǣ˵⻰ͺˣˢˢˡ
ǰѵؼϵǮҪײҪȻ󿴿İ컹˳ٸɫ

52һ

ҵ鲻شֻţǸֵֻʣֵţǡǸúõţֱ˲ͱɹǷۣ
ǸǸɫ´ٽ١ҲУԽ˵ԽС˿¡ֻССԼĶѡҴ
ֻۣûʼжأͱвĴѹˡ£ôܲͷֳʹԺ󿴰ɫˣ
ӲٵͲԸ⡣һҾͲˡ˵ǵһǵһҲΨһ
ãһ֪ԼҪԣҪȻô˭ϲʵء
ЦʰʰԽɣˣ۾Ȳɱˣ
ԴƱõĲСͷͷ˧ʼڶҩڻɺҲʵܲһǻ߰ɱ˵Һսס
Ҵٻ֮һëȻԼҲ֪̫㷢ޱȼ鰡ΪʲôһëǴҲ˵Ǹ޴֪
ȻҲҩһƾٶ˻ɣһƹˣҲûʲôˡ
ˣһҵĵ⡣Ƕʱ䣬ǲ֪ҺͰ͵ȥġ
ֻҪԼУǲеģ뵱أԱ۵㣡ҹƴһΪҲˡ
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⽫¹֮ԣΪ¹ʷͷȻǲ˶ǽǽ붼гɾ͸СҲҴһʷ
ͷܲµҸɵģΣðұ֤ᱣܵģҲǸպĴֲõ£Ҷҳɣο
ǮˣҵҸԶˡҺߺ߸Сʲô
ʱҾҪһʱȻذѱصй¶ȥôȻͱȽˣ
˺治һ˧˵Ҫˣż찡ܻˡҵ˴ε¹ҵعҲˣҲˣôһûأѵµıӦ
ҿŷͷǸҽһұء㲻ǸҽǾˣҲ˵ʲô
ͷúӶҪˣһƵģϴܾãûȳͲˡҿκˣҽɣ
⻰ҺĶĪСǲҲ˵Ҳ̫ȷѧҽģ뷨࣡
ҴСӲǰǸСˣϾͿͷˣӣ̧ңȽŵĻβþ˵βãɸʲôҲĶҵ£˺òˣҾ߲ˡһ첻ߣðһҵġ
ҾͲ˵ˣԼȥɣ
ʵãҲǲУͷĪᣡֺ£˵ǹģҿԸε˵
𣿡ƤҲǹģ
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ŶҶˣ˸ǵ˼Һ档Ǿ仰ô˵ţ̾һڣⱲӾѲ۾˾˲ˡ
Ͳ¸κˣûˣҲǣͷҷ׷ǹʣǿڰͷ˧ϣһ׳԰סġػܸõӦøмŶԣʲôɱԹġ
ȻĿ˵㣬ΪҶɽˮõķϣҲͲƽˡ
ͷüͷһͷշֻҪǡ⼸졣
Ҿ֪ûôģңҿģ
ڹȾ񡣷˧˳ҲòκˡҵȳӦҲʲôȻô룬Ҫҽɲ̫ס
ΪûԹҰζʡָʲôпȮͷءͬҲΪͷҾȳȣҲô󶯾
ΪҵСÿΰԼòʲô³Ȼҽ˶ûʲôģֻǽ˥˥ڣ£
˫ְһٴ꣬ǲͷе㼱ˡһûҪ˼ǲı£Ϊ˵̫˥ˡҧţвоˡãΣ
ͷַҵϥϣһҲðѧᣬԵˮãʡҲ
ŴţͷרĹæ̧ͷȥһƬѩ׵Ļ
ɣ棡һӣӻ䴩·һһر紵Ļ꣬Ϊӳĵ
ӯڿʲ÷ͷ깤һѪ˳һꡱֻû꣬Ҳ˵
ҵ۾գҲգżžĵͣ

53Ůɵ

´ˣ
ѪĭӵĹըӪˡ˹ȥͲͷƴˡͦ죬ĺô
ͷԼҲû뵽ôɱ
ҿûءȻܸ֣
ģ̫ʹˣ֪˾Ͳô޵ˡǾͲô޵ˣ
һȥܿ϶ҵӣһҧ˸Ѫ֪˿ھ㲻Ҳһҵͷ˿ǲ
ղҿŻˣͻȻһơû֮ǰҾװУŷ˧ͷͷĸˡװҲǼ׵¡
Ҫô˵أͷȣƫƫϵˡ˭뵽ܳ
һ㻻ĻΣӳһ˵һ˵ʲôųⷴӳϵȻܻǲǵģҶŬ߿Ҳܰ߰ɣ
ҵ֤װҲװñȽһ㡣
ҳ˵ᣬʲôҲ˵ͷǰҪҺǰһҽ˵סиʲô񾫾ͻ˷ܣû̫סͻӿһġ֪ǲܲķӳ
µͷ֪ⲡҲôװģ
Ҳ˵Ҳһʱһ˵ʱˡֻϧʱǺʱ취ȴǺð취
⻹ܺʹʹҲñѾڱҲ˿
ΨһľǿޣΪ˸ѪҲˣʣͷûóˡ͹Ҷ֮û೤ԴȻǲҲܶһЩ취
ϰ֮ˣһʱܲҵе죬ˡΪʲôѪأͷһ߰˼⡣
ѿţǿ˿ڣֻܸɵᣬ޶޲ʹ죡
㻹ŭˣСӻ治˼Ҳү㣬Һͷͷ˵˲ɣҶң
ǸҴ֣Ǹѧġ
ͷҲգǲǾͶûģ˵ҶҵŮ˲Ŷԣûף
Ҷ֮ƻǸӣôû˸˵ǲĶһҲ߱ڣ˵ķ߱ڣǽֲ㡣
лҸʣ
ҵ˺ˣò˵ͷͦ񡣰ҪѧˣǻĴβƭǮ
⻹㣬ǣұŮǺֲŮڿҹı׼ˡ
ڱŮ£Ҫ־ǳԶ˵ϡǰת۾е㷢ʩơ۾һֱתʩҲˡ
ö˵ҲΪ˵˻ʹ˵ʹһ˵ⲻδЦһӾˡЦ¶ءŴˣ˿ڲ͸˿ˣֻûЦƤЦⲻЦҲпǿЦ
ʱЦ绨ǲǻ
Զ˿̡˧ҲǻָڣͷŻóԵġ۲ѣΪֻ˧ԲҳԣÿҲûҵġ
ңңҳԷŲˮˮľͲˣ˿ڡһ֣ʹ
ǰڳ⣬ںӣҾ
һԲ£ȲµĽǣ·ҲֻһСһˡ߿ԴԺʱ̶εĿܣ˵˼ҵĹ㶼ôߣʱʱĻҪСѾͷһ¡ֳ
ûʮ㣬߾һֵİңֱӼʡ£Ϊһģ
Ψһֵο£Ȼ·һҡĺˣô߶ʹˡֻһʱһ᲻ߵȤ
ŮôɵģҵĽۣŮǶģ
ҵ仯˺䶯˵Ǻ䶯ǾͷѾͷӡûǰƣ˧Ǿ͸˵ˡ
Ϲ԰ƱءҾͰ׿΢Цö񶾵񿴹ȥʱͨ԰ŵĶӡ
ֻмΣҿת뿪˧Ҫһ㡣ǲΪǰĺɫ̫ˣˣ㿴˧Ͳᡣϵ۱֤Ƕ񶾣ۣ
ûʲôתŮµˣǰԭ
һЬɹȥҶÿϲˣֻڵġ㰢ڻ£һװƨ
ǲǷǰҲعأվûվ࣬û࣬Էʳѣ˵ѻǸˣʱʱֲᷭᣬǰһǽһģ
ڿɺãҰ겻Ůһѣǻ岻Ӧˣ
ͷôãٴγΪȷڻһءڹķ˷˧ǵĸ߶ȹעŷͷҲƳ籸
𿴰ô˵СӻΪٵ£Ҷءı֣ѧеˡ
ѵǴѧˣԺϽк
ΪɽˮõˣͷղԷ˧ݣʱҲڳ
ᡣº֣ൽ˽죬Ÿոտ˸ͷҵļƻûʼأҲԼ̲ס˵˰ɣ
˼ǴѪ̣ҧ찤̣ôһ˵ãҺˣһҪȥ̨һϷ
Ů˵ģȣȣ˵ܵŮˣϱӶŮַˣ

54

˿ڴϣϲӡ˿ڻʹһҪʱˡ
ôңʱˡȥҷѴڵЩ£ð׸ˡҪǶˣ֮ٺҲ״
ת
Ƥ˧ĽҡҲ۾ȫǲаûһǻش
ţҺԽɫԽءüëؼһˣʲôˣ
磬װɣ˵˧ϺŲ¶װģȥѱ͸ųǼٵˣҺ̤ܲʵ
Ȼûܳˡ
˧̾˵֥࣬ҪҪһ㣿
˧˧Զ֪Ҫʲôһ֥࣬ҵ۾Źˣ̹⣡Ҳ̫
ʵװԲΪʱ⣬鿼ǵöȫ档һ£ˡ˵һָһҶ֮Ƶļ䡣
岻·߰ɣٶٵɡֻǾֹ˵ת˽ܲˣٱҶ֮ƣǲҪ
˲֪ĵ
⵽Ǹһᣬȡһʱ䣬һҵļƻڿʼҿıùһ㣬ΪԺ׼̫ҲУ̵ҲҪʱ䣬˲˵򲻴
ŬЦø仨ƵģҪǣ˿ڣ磬ôˣǲҪˣ۾Ҫ˸Һøղ˧֥࣬Ҫءһ˵ﻹͦʹ
ʵûʲô£ֻʦһʱӦˡθʳʣЩʱվͺˣ
𣿡Ҽװţ㲻ҪοңҪˣֱӸҡҲһ޿ûϵģ
˧סҵ֣ģңͿˣ
ȻˣǾ϶ˣ߶粻ƫƫҺͷ˧ʱʲôֶˡ
϶ãֻл϶һвпܡһءһͦ鷳ð찡
ظɵ˷˧֥࣬Ͱ̸̸ҪеܳҶ췢ģ´ҪٶԼұֻ
ȻҶԷ˧˵ţ棬Բ棬ܺȼҲá˧˵ȥˡҵĺãĵģ
ȻҶЦ΢ЦЦЦûסЦˡʵҲûôˣֻǶߣôȥҰ
ѧˣȳģػƢǣһе㼼ɲУ
ѧʦɣ
ɾͺðˡǲð찡ôģϿɲô˵
ҴҪ϶ˣСĳڣ̽̽ڷ˵
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˵Ҳң
úģоƭģ㲻һƨ㣬ģҿŰϡ
밡һ鷳ж١ԺԻ࣬Щֶг͢մߣѱͺҷˡ㲻ѷͷĹѧˣҲЩ˵Ķְ
⻰Ǻ˵ģѧ˶һص㣬Ϊһ޶ĸ֣Ҳס
˵ǰҲҲ˵ţҲҡֿױʵᱻˣϴιҶǵ£Ǹӣ
Ϊǿס˰֡Ǹ˧ѧãǺܹáǲ֪԰ûãؾ˧˧ЧӦҲŮЧӦֻҪ£ɹ
Ҫ೤ʱȰĻ˵꣬ҸϽסҿɲܸŵʱ䡣
ҿͷвٺöԣһȫѧᡣʡ´õʱҪѧ̵ʱڣѧԽԽãҪȸϣҪǻпٴ۵ġ
ս֣ͣԺҿҪȫˣ
պҺ϶˧ɽˮ£ͬء
ͷܴ󷽣˺ЩҡΪҸðжѧԱպʱ֮衣
ʵ˵ˣҾǸ߷ͷ߰Ķ̸㣬̵Խ࣬ʱԽֻҪһðòѧɾˡ
ҹɣҺͷͷԼ£ڲż찡
ֻ˵϶Ǻ񵥶أˣ

55̸¼

·ҾбҪһºĹϵԱڽĳһ죬ҿԺ̯ƻɱ
ԣûֻи˹ϵҲܴڲ֪֪ˣܴӶ̯ƻɱȻһ쵽ɵƵģǵ˼ɱҡ
ûЦĸ仨ƵģЦĸһҵ϶Цˡ
γغƢҲûҰûӡҶЦЦЦû֦չЦðҲպܺг
κܻΪѣǼ˾ø˵¡Ϊĵ˶˽⣬ʱԶԶԵ˱ѣЩ˽ó
֪Ķȷˮ׼
ǿͦʬͬʱĵط˵úõĺӲʲôطǺܿ
ͨ硣ȻҪˣ컹ǺȵġڳﲻͨôУ˵ҵĵΧڣ˸ˣôظӴô֪
ҪȻ仰Ķģ
ͨʲôãڹľͷϣһ·ߣðƨˣ㲻ţɵģǲͦʬˣ
ʳǸʮؾ͵ԵĽʵû̽ЩĶġˮ㣬㣬ǻٳͨҵϰ߳˯ˣȻ춼šô˽⣬οˡ
֮Ҫôϸؽܣ޵ǿʳ̶ȡöʲôʱǺöҲһүЩʱͺ޹ء
ֻĻ£ܷɡֻзˣױ׳滰
֪ʲôʱʼҷǸܺõĵߡҺЩװӹŵĹӸ磬ɲһ˰ڿġΪߵġ
ǰѾϸȣ͵סҪЦóֻ¶һ˫ƴЦ۾
ʱ񻹵ҶءһҲ֪ҵӺԼóõ治а
ʵкöأ˵ϣ԰ѳĴͳ̳ã𲽴;ķ߻
֪ʲôֻʺˣҶ㡣鿴Ҳѹ֣ǰɴûúõĺ졣
ʶôʱ̫¡ҶһֱģûŪϣ˵һζҡ
ǺðɣҾʹͷˡµӣˡǴڷݳԷҪɱңñˡ˭ɱңôˣ
ɵˣ
ҾͲˣɱҶ֮⡣ôһɱֲ֣ûǮͲõģôôûõһ
Цģڽɱھţɱţ
ɱңûãҲ
ΪҼʱϵȻ㶼֪˼ˡ⻰ʲô˼Ǹպ·ˣһֱڵҡôպõ¡
Ϊʲôɱˣ
ô֪ûɹô֪ѵˣˣˣˡ
ô֪ݸģҰ˼һ⣬һֱҡ
һ̶ݹҪ𣿡
ҵͷҪһ飬Ȼڴ
㻹ǵҾʵҵ㣬ҪллҶǡ
޲óԼһͣΪ̰һǮǵòʧӣӣҵƽһ顣
ʵҲȷǾҰɣҾͲˣ̰ƣ̰Ƶ˶ˣôܾͲµң
ûҸҪȥܰģ
ҡˡûǵûеģϧ˰˵ЩǮôô
ΪʲôҪ˵ķӣҲ⡣
ֵ˿̶ңҶ˵ֻݸ޴Ż뿪
ҲǰѽҶΪʲôҪݸ޴
Ǹһֱţϣһٽ㡣۾һһؿ
Ұ̶ⶼҭҵˡҵô쾢İ취
װعϿ˻ҲǹҶǵĵӰɣҾ˵һүôô̬İ취ЦЦľȻǣһݳ
¼УŪһ㡣Ҷ֮ƺûв֮ǲ֪ɹҶǺҾˮݣûңҾûԭҵƣҲԭҵŪûðɵǸĴ
һ⣬ǸôˣǰȢˡ
̫Ӻﶷһû֮㻹ҵꡣ
ģٵģ˼ҸлܴҲֳɡҹҪĶ͵ˡʱװ˾ӣģΪҪ޳ҿɱȲ
ģ˵ȢһȢǸװ̶ӣһεĵݵǰ
ʲôĵģߣҵ
ʱ֪˻粻֪밲Ĺӣ¾Ͳ̫

56صԶ

ͬвŸոտʼһ죬ҺĹϵŸģͲôˡ
ΪŮˣҲǺ˵˼άʽǰ˧磬ⲻ˵֮һ
б°Ҳ׵ôܶԹҶǵҰģһ㶼ûܹҶǵʹҪأ
ֻ֪ǳĽǶȣΪѣҸ˱Ƚº͵뷨˵ΪأпܡһǣɾˣڣҲڡҶǴ۸ӵĳ͹ˡ
ֻô˼ҵ˵ϲҵģ
ǲģֱװɵװ׺ˡô룬ȴҪҲ
۵СۣŵҵĻˣпҵв
һûס̶ͬһҸϳ˳⡣ʱ龰ģ
ϸϸ˵Ҿúۣ˯ˡȻ۾રવؿҡӣòƽߵס
ȴĽˣһ˳Ұӵݸװ̶ǸܺóԵģҪԵ㰡ʹ¶˿
̶ǲٳˡϲ㣬ôɵĶˮҭҰϽߣġ˺õĲˣܳԶġ
̫ҪˡĿȻͬòͬķﵽЧȴǲͬġ
ڸսԣӲӲˡǰĶԿУ˭ʱȣҶãѪССǵŽаɣ
̸ô̸˵ͦѾҲ̸࣬ȥˣ̸
һ˯ѣָֻԪȻҵвڻа취ԭͷϵ񹴹ָ׼һֵĥ
ãָûгϣʱôӳԣɲװôܴҵսʼӳԡҾϢˣôŰɣ
һκгˣ
תҲڰӣԲĶˡ
Ĳɵʲô۲ͷ̧Ҳϣеء
Ϊʲôܿл
̧ͷüбһۣҿǸ飬˵ͷ¿ġ
ҵĻҵòҶ¿ˣô
ЦƲЦô˵е¿ûòһᣡ
ٿңֲˣǰʱߵŮʮͶҪˡ˵ʮ˰ɡʮ갡ʮ꣬õͰôĶҲҲⲦأ
ûòᣬһǮˣ˵ˡϽûòǮһиȨĺϰ֡
ԣ˿ұǺպϰˡʲôⰡôôѣˣ˵İɣ
ûòûǮûȨϰ֣һҸϹ
ҪʲôûˣĶȥҺϹֲǶˡԼ˶ϾУҲùСõ˵
ٺ
Һһ𣬲ôŬѪ¼Ǻѵģѣ
Ҿ㲻裬˵軹Զ
Ͳõˣвģһʲôס
޿̣ͷ̡ᣬᣬǣ˵Ҳ˲ںЩأòøʲôиۣ
˲ɵ𣿡߬ǧӳȥҲʹ֮ǰЩˡ
Ȼǣһ˶۹
ɵ𣿡
ȻҲˣ
Ҿ۹ˣ
㡭ǰɣ̫԰ɣ
ü۴Ц鳬áͷȥײӣһСľˡ
ôҲǸȥˣ
۾һתң㻹۵㡣
˳ȥؼҪҪԶ
桭˸ⱲҲûùôǵ˵һƤ
ҵܷӣNεס˼Ҷˣȥ˼ȥһ
ĳ˼Ҫȥ˵껹ӣһ¡С㣡ãܴ񱻻䣡
춼ûأ߳һ죬Ӳù

57߲ϼ

Ҫƽദҵ㶫תעôĲУ׷Ҵ
תעҲ̫סҸ˵ʱ۾һҲͬôɺţҲúۣ
Σڴ
ҿԴʹҲ˵¹ʲô壬С嶼ûӮսŰܣ˺صӰһ˸壬Դʹ
ᴵ𣿲ȻҸһƣ
ҡͷʵǰҲѧӣҷλһҾϲǸƣƣȻҪǻᴵ㴵ɡ˵ܽơ
ᵯ𣿡
ҵѧҵˣһۣ˵רҵ޻ġ˵ϧҵѧѣҲֱϸڣʡѧѣǮһʵܽᾭ顣ⶼЩܼ˵ģ˭ҵ˲أ
ղ˵λʱ۾ֿʼе㷢ֱˣ޻Ҳ̫϶
⻹ô͸أ˼үϾǼģûиڵ޻Ͼ뻭𣿡
ҿòãⶡĵطҼ¹ﲻɫǦʣﻭˮʣôģҲ³￪Ⱦ
Ǹⷽûʲô츳һŮҪϺӣͺͦģָָҸϳ֡һӣǳŷɵʣ
У뿴ʫƽʱҲ̫ϲЩһоо
ҷˣ벻۶СǼҿԱأܻἸ״ڶʫ̫äˡһóԷѾоʫʣûеġ
ûۣˡǸ˵Ǽңϵ䲻ģҺҲ̫У
ԣԣʲôһȦſڱ˳߬ȭͷ߬ùͷ죡
ô̸ˣҶ췢ģҲǹġһžžڶְҸϽȥӣˡ÷ĶˣѲ֪٣ֻŸȦ
ҡͷ̾⽨ûȨ˵磬򲻹㻹ܰһû´˷аӣǺӡУͷ˰ɣ
ȻַҶ˵ˣǸһ֣Ҳܱ֤ҳ֡Ӻ޲ܻҵƤϽӡԼ£һëǮϵҲûУҿɱʹ죡
ʲôǳ;еĺǲأ˿ˣ齫жĲʣʱ䳤˲ӻʹһֱ̫˰ɡС˵ⲻǳ붼ˡֻ֣ʣˡ
˲񴵵ӵپͺˣ¹ҼܴᵯˣѰɣŻᳪСĸáһҾͺú˵һ£һǱŤ
尾尾
治ڲ軹ûȻأͻˡﻹһ죡ҵİ
ƷһҸĽҡһҵ߲ϼ£оŮ廨õĶ
ȥĳ嶯̶̲סҾ˵ûݸļңȺŹˣģһҲû˵ί߲ϼ¾õ֤ݡΪֲռطһ·Ѷ
ҲҵģûϹ߲ϼ£Ҷһôˡ
һ޸пùͶģû뵽շתĥѣ䵽ҵϡ
Ҳ·廨øҸʲô֪ңһ˵ơ˶ǸŭԣŭҲŭ
ʶɣչ·
죡
ʹ㵽˵Ͷ
ҪҼңٰܶһ顣Ҳ˵ǻʹҲûʲôϵˣ˾Ͷ˰ɣ˵ȻЦеĿÿһװʱ̲
ͷҵ۾·һ˺ˣҲģԼһɡָҿһط˺˸ӡ
˵ͳӸңҸĽһң Ǻţͱ˵Ū졣ӿ֪ʵϳˣ˵ĶүĻˣ˵⻰ȥƭŲ
ңҲ˵ϵƯ
·Ҳϣʲô۵ġҲǺˡ鷳˵嶫Ҳ㡣ҸطһܺͱŪ죡
ʵҲŸɣʵΪѰǰڼҷۣܷɸ񣬿ɵǽʵüӼѾգҸ־ŲöҶ˼塣
Ǳ𣿡Ҵ˿ֳȥˡžžèۡ
Ҷ񶾵ЦǺǣǸʲô켦ͺˣ

58

ֳֵ־棬ѡ˼ʵڲǸ͵̬ȡ
ϰⶫ̫£ȻﲻսԣΪԵĹϵҲסöʱ˵ˣŷֱԴˡ
һҲסǾҲҡסҵʱҲססҲסңһľˡʱĲȫң
һĲ찡Ҳ˵һƴȥҪǶ˲ûˡƫƫҪУⲻʹˡ
ֻͬǵűǸȻ˼ǴүҪǱҪòͷֻң˭۵̱˵ıϢءܲ˳ؼҪء
̫ˣҪֺñ˻ŸѣҪֺһ㲻ϲ˻Ÿϼѣ
˫ֳס䣬Ц˰ɣסĴֻҪĲԼȥˣ
ٴøǵԺϵ˵㲻ңҾúİ
αˣûҲҡҪǰĲ豭ͳɹȥˡûͽ˼ƨɡҪ
һɫӣ˵ʲôɫÿ
󻰺˵˵Ҫôأ²ߣ˼ҵү
ɫɫɫɫôлҺ죿һˣҿһڣûЩǲÿ춼Դϣʲôأ
Ҫʲôͼأѡʲôᡣ
ְɣ̫˰ɣ
ðɣ壬ʱϧ־ͺá
Ϻ룬ͷ˸ᡣһʵͦġӵ´һ룬ͷٴȥһһһҾˡ
Ͼͱ޳࣬ҲǹġԴϴҧ֮Ҿ;Բˡ
ҧ촽ʳָϵˣһʺѪӶָ⡣ҶҪˣϴѪ
ʵҾ񿴿ģûиװû뵽ץҵ֣ҵָȥϱѪûдȾҪϴ־ͺˡ
̫˰ɣѪͺú£۾һĶңֱ
̾ˣ㻹ǰðɣղ̾ʱϵ̫ÿˣȥһ¡˲ǣ
ҳҵָĭϲˡû취ֻܷٲˡ񿴼ҵĶһõĲУ첻óѵȥˡ
ΪʲôϵҵɻĿһҪѴʱʤﵽ¡
ǰ£һҲǵˣ۾Һ·֮ǰת
ϴҪܼø£˵ĶȻˡ
ҵͷϽӣһһȣԴ˷ʦ֮󣬺żһ㡣ЩƬΣһ͹ȥˣǵãֺ󲻼ǵã˵áǺͬ׽¿ͷ£Ųžˡ
һûҧˣźõķչ͵һ¡ϻݵı飬̧ͷ۾Ҫģ
̣ʵûջʹݡûջطûջزʷ˵㻹ǹ
Ǿ˵ڷϻǸͬСţܰɣЦɿˡ֪ܲЭ顣ԣԣҡҶ֮ƣ鷳Ҷ֮Ƶġ
Ҷ֮ƻǻʹǸͬΪʲôһ졣кüλˣҪŪȥͥŶ԰
ˣи£˵һˣҼǵһʥּǷϵãҪȥ޸ǲ£
Ϊ㻹ǵ£ȻǶ糣ȴ˲٣Ծûô̶ˡмֺ˵ļơǣͬĻô˵ܲʮǧ
Ȼҵˣظһ飬˼ҾǲǵˣҪġ֪͸ڿǣҪҪקӻ£
еͣȵȵȡҪǲУϣ
ʵһ뵽£ֻû˵ڣһʿͶˡɡ
Ҵͷ˵ɣѧҵϰߣøӿڳһͷҿһͷ
ʣŰǣһǳ۷ӣָţ͵ߣҪȫҰ۾գգģ
Ҿ뿴ɾûʲôݾǧɣ

59ײ

ҿļԥҪͶԸҪԸǮҪˣ֪ܲ顣
Դһ׳ĻʵƷǳҶ֮ƵȷǱǼڲĻʼˣҹƻ֮ΪҶ֮裬ǲԭ֪ĻûҶء
ֻ·ǹÿһֻһǸ׵ġϼҲʵеСһӲŸһסҲ֤ⲻͨһ·ɵʲôطͨҲû˵ס
ΪתΪдͻ飬һԴĽͣһʮа˾ǸϼҺá
˵˵ȥʹɫ࣬Ҳû׳õϡҾͲ˲赹ˮ紷ˡνĴͷ˵ʲôҲû˵
һͷײĶУܲ𣿲һ۹ȥڣҶ֮ƻתǲù
һŪˣǼ·治ܶҸ˲ˣǸϻ취Ҷ֮С
¿ȷŷţԼﶼҳһˡӦû뵽ҡ
ɻиƵ£˼ƾȻʹˡûҶˣҶ֣ʹôɹҶ̫ˡ
ҶˣƷλʵû˵ôߡÿһҾʹ¡̫ˣ
ʱ̶ŬΰϳҵߡǳѶȵģжĥɱ¿ҪﵽЧܲ
Ҷװ˯ˣҲŲֲˡԼ˯˯Ҹ˯ǵ˯ɣǾǼ尾
ò׵һСϣ˵ʲôҲĴ䣬ȥҾǲ˯Ҳ˯մ
ɽµӲ󣬵ʮַΪʲôΪǰɽɽиϺСϺвص㣬ص﹩˸񣬾˵ǳ顣
ɽڸߣ𣿴ͷʢ
ʵ˶ĵطϲȥ֣һ飬ҾͷƤ顣治˶ﰤ
Ϊ˿ԲõҴˣɽϵһҪȥ䣬Իȥ㣬ʵҾ쵽ˮȥһ죬Ҳö񣬼װǧˡװҶ˸ˡ
쿴ҵĳ࣬ûҡȻټϿܲʲôڼաɽ˻治ࡣ
˰ֽɡȹӣһһɽߣǧСķ緶һ·ЩɽɽˣԴ˲ɡ
ҿԽרĿ羰ȫԵߵ񡣵ˣҲöüȥġ̫ˣ֮ã֮ãкüΣҵ֣Ҽʱɡ֣ȥˡֻֻ֣֡
Ѿ˸ëʱʱŶҶֶšԲܸᣬС֣ǲǾҪչȥ˵á
ɻҵģҸû˵طȥԼһ͵ˣ
òײ䵽ɽϣǵû治һ֪ȦܶǮ
·Ȼûˣȴ١һ񣬶ҲΪ˱ꡣ
˼Ϊ˱꣬ҲΪ˱ܡꡱò㲻;ͬ飿Ͳ̫ˡ
˵˼湩һĸĴɡ˵ĵʮŸֻҪԵӦǳ
˭˵Ϻвص㣿Ǹأ
࣬ҶڵϳĵءɸʩչĻᡣڴһ·ָӣе㵼ݵļƣڵһϲЧĴϷ
ﶼúǮ־ٹͷģ־ٸߵ㣬Ȼ˶࣬ĸ㣬ҿɲܡƹԵһǮ٣һӶࡣãڳİ
߸հѻ˵꣬Ϻֿ˴ſڣվߵҲ۾Ǵ״ɨģǽһһ۵ˡСĵǸˣҲɣ
һسĸϺҲͦæģһǱȥˣ˼Ҳһҡ
ϺкǩȥˣҿԺиԸӣҾˣ
˵滰Щǲ̫ŵġΪ⣬껹áо仰ú𣿼Ͷҽڿǹڲƿ룬ǰ;ǹģϣûеģ
ԸУޡɺ޵ǣûСֵǮСĻҵλö࣬һȥǾǶٸӰ˵ԸǮñ˵ģֻԼģȻͲˡ
ȻҵԸ󣬵ʵ˵һʹʹһҧһţһһʵĶŻҵǮ
߬ȭͷһڶͷԸҲûУĸͱңҳһС£ҾͲ˼ΪˣвеҾԼڰɡֻɸʲôɣ˭ȳһǿ
ҳĳֱƽȭͷ£һؾʹֱ䵽ӵǮ治ˡôûҼԸЩǮأһʣҲսٵ١
ڲ³жǮʱ˽ҡҵ۹ЩǮķ
ֻǳԾķݶֽɡ㱻ӳȥҿˣٿӣȥҳҵһĸҪԸ˼Ҳ̫˰ɣˣҵģ

60Σ

һʧǧźޣôʧ㣿Ҫ֪ô񣬻һζء
пˣһϲһǡҺ޲øϽʧҪĸʯȥͦãұȽרҵҲPҲꡣ
֪ҵڳЦҲǣЦҲǣܲȶѶˡ
תҵˡ
з紵ϸ΢΢ֽɡµǸˣ˳ȾĻ֣Ц۾ºͱĿ·𴩹ǧ꣬һĶڻˡ
˧ҵķ˧ôҲľ硣˼ҶֻۣһۣͺߣֵҶǵһˡôӵʱ䣬ҼߵһСǴ˭ʹù˧
˵һϲҵר÷ˡ
ҵĻձ飬ֻ֮ά˼ӵʱ䣬ΪڱϣһؿԡҲòѹ³ȥͷ˧§ӱĳ嶯ԼׯŮ
ΪʲôΪԩ·խڱϿԵǸûٳɫСװ𣬾ԲҺɽ뵽һ顣
˵һǣǴ󷢾ˣ
磬ôֽɡ£ҲõվţҪ沿еˣŮĶҪˡ
ҲȻı飬ɷ˧оϵģҶˣһʱûӳȻʲô˵㣬ٻиЦı顣ûһϲֱβˣҲǿˡ
·ҲûʲôˡҶװˣ͵ʣ˵ҲûҵϳҶȫӶҾŵΪʲô˧һѵ˧ܺͬеԭ
˵飬˻١еʲô紵ݶҶҵƱϵһ뵽˧һΨһԭ򣬾ǹǴδٵ顣
ֻҪͷ¶ڷ磬˭Ҳ뵽ġɣ˭ҲǸɣҵԴɿתŸͷ
һĸϲˡ˧߹
ڻЦˣ̧ͷϲʲôϵص϶ͼˣ룬ôģᣬᣬᵽᡣ
˧Ц𣬡ǩԸ˵飡
˵Զʹ˧ĶʹĶҪĸһؼҶáڿɺˣ˵˲鷳ˣɲԸڣ
ԭһ·ǹҵˣӰ⻰ý˵Ҿˡƫƫõҵĸо˰ɣʲôоӣʲôӣ
һеΣǮҲĴû뵽ھ˲ˬļƣֻ֮޲ʵֻǱŤǿ̱ǳҵ
磬ҵʲô𣿡ӷ˧⻭˸Գɡжһĵϡ
ȻᣬҾڵӣʺ㣡
Ǵ˵ôŮԵˣﻹ޲ϣߵŮˣ˳ɣˣ绨ˮŮԶҪġ
ںܶʱŮ˵ȷҪǸʱ򣬱ǵĺпĹҲˡΪʱ˺ǡ
Ҿõӣ͵ǳԲ˵ˡмǳԵѵأҺߣ
ɽҵæˣȻǸɺͷ˧˵ʱ۾̲סոҺܲˬ̲ס
˭ҵ걻Ͽ¸סأкˣһͻ᲻ԾıͺӬ˳
ãɽɣ
ɽǸİɣ㲻ȥԸǩĺ鰡Ȼ˵ȥﲢ̫롣ĸŵˡȥԸǮ
˧ת˵棬㲻ȥһ󣿡һҲûҪܸʶ˼
Ǹа棬ǰˮȴվŲʱ֪˽û˼ˡĥȥ˼˵һЦаĲС꣬꣡
˵꣬۾תһȦҲ֪⻰ʲô˼ô˵ءȥа̫ˡ
񵥶һǿµģûΣաҪǸһ𣬿»ᱻƤٱҪôǮһôɵġ
˻ڣѡҵڲͣķݣֹ̾һڣҪ粻ֻиã
ڣǰȥһκݵģԼȥ֪ǸӬΣȴֻӬȴһҲûΣյԾԣôݲԡӦҰӬɳˣ֪Σջϡ
磬ôˣӴˣ̫ˣǸϺûף
꣡ôʶ
ҿ񣬷˧ҽܣָֻˡк棬ǻ㺣ϰ塣
̹ᣬĶû뵽ôʲôôһǳϰ塣öǮ
Ʊˣ˵ɫͽٳˡ˵ʲôˣȻˡӼ˺ˮˣû
ǱֵܣﲻݣĸĹ裡
ã¿ɻˣתתȥתһȥˡôתȦأ
תƻɣֵ÷財ˡ
˸ʲôǩôôˣ

û

 ֮ 
ʦ˵һʱҰ˾ӡ
ʵʦҡеļǴھ￪ʼģ֮ǰļ䣬һҲûˡ֪һҼҷʲô£ͷֻԼǸ¶
ʵҲ̫ǵʦˣΪʦһûãȥˡ
ʦǳʦûжرĺãҲûвáǳڣڼҡҽʦʵûн̹ʲôƽʱҾ͸ʦһϰϰ֣䡣סھ˲࣬˳ӡһӡ
˴ҲûرãҲ᲻ãҲ֪ΪʲôҲ¿ǴҶ·ҹòòûر֣Ҳûв֡
ҵĳھ׳ˣҾͿʼʦڡҺܸˣİദҷñȺʦദסϲɫɫˡ
һֱҶǸп޵ˣòϲ֪ԼҪʲô˶£źͱһƽӡһƽƽˡ
Ȼתͺ찲ŵģһʦӴƽҲƽұһһˡ˵һҵ
ұ۵ϢڵŻ𽥽ɢȥ˷·û
һԵʦɫأͽң
ʦҺһûô찡
ʦʲô𣿡ѵʦ˵ڣʲô⣿
ʣΪٺãûһ꣬Ҳȫô飿㣿ʦҡͷܣǸ书һǿȻʲô
֪㲻㣿ֻһν
ʦˣң
תˣһֵġ
Сӣ컯ʥҩƫɵɵ
ҾҲĹЧת᲻ڵ̰ЩǮˣ
ֻʹЧ˲֪̣ˡŵ
ʦҪˡ
ʦһ㶣ǿ㻹ûأ
ƽؿʦӴ׼õӣĽУ·
ʦĿɿڴǡ
Ҳ˵ֻǰؿʦʦ˼ţ̾˿ʲôʱ֪ģ
ʵҵΪ˸ѧħ񹦵ġʦΪˣˡһҲû͵κεط˵Ҷ
ת˵û⹦ǳãǶԵģ֪˲֪Ķܡ
ʦ·йһ㣬Ȼһʼ֪ΪʲôҪǵ˼
˾ͺã
ʦҵĻش˫ֲץĽУΪˣʲҲѧ㻹ûе
ʦˣΪ£ȥѧġ
תһ˼ҵĹΪԼʱؿ԰ˡûֻǸӵġôõʣе֣ҪԼǰ̶ˡôгһգ㹦ͣҪʲôŮûУ
ͻȻΪʲôתʦͷˣô˵ľãǸֵķӣƽ˼ҵĸףڽѵԼҲĶӡ
˵ĵӵİɣ
ʦ֪ΪҺáҲ֪תʵҲ㲻ϡҾ
ʦ¼ʹﻹźúõүҪūšҪǸ˵Ҳˣת˾ǸСƭС㣬ôôûϢ
ʦƽʱʦķֻܼһ˵ת£ͻһˡ
ǳң뺦ҡΪҴߣáǱ׷ɱһʱ뵽ģҲǲҪҡΪǸˣһĺѡǵһҺãָܻرˡ
еģ̫ˣԴǲʺϴߡʦȻǲͬȻϲתҲû˵ôᡣ
ʦͻȻ˾񣬺뵽ʲôȥתҲҪ㣬תøˡһԼ
˹ҵĲ裬һڣһгӡ
֮£һҵ
ʦŲ豭СӣΪǸѾͷʦԲҪˡôǣ˵Ѳ豭һˤ˼豭ʱǡ
ʦҹĶⱲҲǡҹ򣬾ҳڽôתߣȴø˼𣿡
ϥǵţӲ豭Ƭߵʦǰϣ˽ҵ⡣ʦҲҺõˡ
һϲһûɣʦңҶתʦһҵĸܡ
Ժ˭ҪǾɵӣԸɵӡʦȻ飬õġ
ˣˣסˣסġ·廨ѧˣҲûʲôܽˣȥȥɣֻǽ㲻Ҫڡ
Ҳ֪Լ᲻ڣ֪һҵǲɫģûҡ

61

ɽ֮󣬾һֱˡôҲ˵Ǹˮ۾÷˧ǻɡ
ǵľٶèڳﲻˡʵҺʷ˧ΪʲôˮһǲǾҲµ
ӳȵ϶ҲûԶ߲˼졣ҺѾһˡʣ⼸·Ҷèڳ϶ǡ
һŲˣװŮ˯һֻĵŮ
϶ǵĳŸߴϣվڵʿƵġ׺ܺÿԽԽۿ˳ŵ£ԽԽ١ţӴ˾ֲͣˣ
ڳſڣǵͱˡǼһ¹ıԪ˧ر¹ֻҪǸģͲܲʶ
ֻһֿܣˣǳˣ
ҸհѴ뿴澿ʲô¡ʱϳŷ֣ͻȻһޣһ¾ʹܳȥˡһ͹档
ҲҶ֮ᣬҪԭϸ첲ȣ;ˡŬĽͷ˼ѣԴϻײ
֪Ϲ˶೤ʱ䣬Ǹŷڲˡ˫ȷشӳ׼ȥ쭣
ͻȻղԣͣĵطһ˼ҵſڡ֪լԺſһԴʯʨӺϡ̨ȥȺţߵ·ߣ󻹲סһִң֣Ҷ
ҶϹŰɫᦣ¿ţҲ͸һɹ˵Ҷʲô
ȴ򿪣һȺӿ˳Ϊ׵ӣһѩ׳ֻۣϵɫ߹ݡ£һͷҲһɫһ󡣿Ʋ⣬ȴ˵ѡ
գգۣ˧ʶ찡ⲻҶ֮
ͬ£˧ǿ㣬Ҷ֮ȴǿʡȻ˧书ȺҶ֮ԶԶȲϡҶ֮еѪյʣֻоþɱˣɾҶ֮е
ҾͶŸͷɵɵغҶ֮ӣһ̨ϣһ̨¡
һ紵ѵϵĻңתֹˡ
Ҷ˵ҶҶ֮裿˭ˣ
ҵĴ
Ϊ˴գҶ֮ðԲ塣ղһһ̵ľͳŰ׷ʰ׷ʵһûü壬ͱһѱסʼޡ
ҿС㰡Ժô
ĸȾʱһƬ
۾¿ˣϣܸһ͡ͷ˧ǣǵɫҲء
ҷĴǸֱѳ˵˭ܸң˭ˣСʣִ̼ǡ
˧ǰסҵ֣ת˵ҶϽ⡣㲻Ҫ̫ѹˡ
һһҲòɿ˧֡
ƶھֻʣˣ
һα˵סˣҶ֮裡
ҸоʪȵҺ壬˳ҵĲҵ·ˣ
Ҷͷˣ˵ǹˣôأҶ֮費ȥĻˣΪҶͷŻģͲǸͬϣ¸ʲôˣ
ҵͬһ̽С˵ŵȥ¡֮ǰҾͲµᰲӣ˾棬Ҳʼϲ
լӦþǴ˵еĽЩӦþǴ˵Ҷ֮ƵļˡֻҲǴ˵еҶ֮ơ
ֻôһҶͷʵû̫ĸ飬ǵĽİҲûǿ٣˵ҲǮ
Ҿû飬Ҳ̫ϣ˵ˣҲָ̫ܿ޳ģҲǳԾпһ¡
Ҷ֮豧ţ֪Ǻáʱͷ˧ôٰȥˣ
ã¹ؽ磬Ů§§˷׵顣ʱһλӡҶĸôӡ
Сͱ»ǽڰɣٿһۣͷ˧Щ˱ȣֻǸģС۾Ϊֶгһˡ¶һ֪Ǹ಻ᡣһҲúǸעԼǱˡ
СһУҲҵĹܼҡ
ңǸҲǡһʱ벻λشӵĻ
ǸͻȻС㣬ȻϳҶңôһѪ㲻ûհС㣬Ҷү飡
Ҷһ˵꣬Ҷ֮ȺˣҲˡˢˢҺҶ֮ΧڵУһءССһĽûꡣ
ҿԿ϶ҪƽʱŭˡΪģ˵ҵһͷ죬ǱƭǱ׷ɱЩ˵һ㣬Ҷ֮ƵǼС㣬ҲǱ
ҶͷҲգҶ֮ǼСˡҶͷҶ֮ȥˣЩ˾û͵͵͵ǮʲôģҶˣô
ֻǽȣˮں濴أôŬܰ׷ѡ
ðɣҶ֮ơ˵꣬ղҵ͸ӣһͳҶ
ٶȺǵĸȣһ˶ϲϣ

62Ǹ

⸣УҲøˡ
ұҶ˫ֱӼܽҶ֮Ƶ¥˵ĸǣν˼ҵǧС㣬һġ˵ˣʱͲȥЩЦˡʽعСĶˡ
һһ˵ȣ˿Ҷ֮Ҷǰӣȥˡ
֪ηǹٷԼ棬ǲѺõ½еģһ졣
Ҷ֮ȻᣬɼҶͷĸĺҶͷⱲҲû׻Ϊѹ
沽裬ӦǴСѾͷ֮׻˽Ҷ֮йصһС
ȻٽʧˣˣǵǰˡٴνƢԣԭСȻͬҡſµһ
ӴʲôУһ˲ƣҶ˫ȻҲͬࡣ
Ǹû·ߵĻᣬҷ͹ˡ
Ҷ֮ƵԷ治һľ¡Žһܰٵɴſڣֻֻ̬죬ɫֹϸڱɴϣɣΩΩФ͸翴浽˼¡
´ܣǵôţҲһ¡
ƹ磬ֱһ񻨴󴲣֪ʲôľͷҲµĵϸ΢Ҷӻʵȷ
ÿǺÿһľͷΧӶ˻öѾҿⴲ϶Ҷ֮ԼⴲңǲҪʰ
Ҷ֮Ǹϲ·ߵˣϲϵǹҲǣڱɴ˺ƻãǵɶò뿴ɶܿҲ˵ûãܵӣʳɱҲ̫˰ɡ
иױ̨ʹһ׵ģһĻұȽϸȤ˵ҶҶ֮ƵαȽϸȤұż飬ȥҶ֮Ƶױ̨ɿ°ͶҪˡ
һӣһǱСӣмװ֬ˮ۵СӣʲôָһûСûƷҰױ̨ϣССĳ붼ˣɻûУ
Ҷ֮ƵĶ˾ˣˣҲڰɣҶ˫ָҶСĶҶͷҳˣԼլӣҲûѼǲɢⲻ̫Ҷ硣
һܣڵҲ֪Щʲô顣ҾͲȤˡǸ󴰻·һܣ֧һûĺͼҶ֮ƻǸ廨֣Ǽǹʮа˾ŶġɲˡѹץҸ
ҵĶȫˣôࡣԣǻŸ¹Һˡղž͹ſҶ֮Ƶױ̨ˡû׼ֵǮ¹ˡ
аˣұûڸɫɴСȹʽǽһһ֪һϲøʱˣǹ·ĥҾûҶ֮鱦Ρ
йĵǸΨĵ񻨴ϡҶ֮ƵĶҷ˸顣û˸ңҷҲǸصĴҹ㡣
ʮ˰ͨûٰ尡ЩҪǺȣҲʮǧľ롣
ĲͲ˵ˣôãҲܹߵȽģúŪ־͵ˣûҲû˭ұȥ
ⶼҶ֮ˣ׼ƭˣ˵еָˡҶ֮Ǹ廨ôָһ͹ǹء
ƵڴϴһСĹ󷢾ˡ۵һԴײǽĴˡⴲײˣһ鴲
ܾͳˣ
Ҿ˵С㶼Ӧеضϰߡ㲻鱦ΣҲҪصռ֮ģһ¶Է⽨̵Ĳֳഺеķѡ
Ҷ֮ƣһɵˡòףҴӴͳͦϴСһû鱦Ҳˣҿ᲻ﶪС飬ҲһǱ˴֮˽⡣
ɵãصĽĶʵüֵҲǱ˭뵽С˽ղأȻλεĴ񻨱ʯǶʮѷɵ
𰡣ʯǶ񻨰ϣʲôð
ѵ˵Ҷ֮Ǹ书¥ŮҪŮ
ýӵôĽô̫Ǯ书˵ã
죬
Щ粻ءĶҪѪˡƫƫʱҵķš
ˣ˿ҰӷлĲ𣿻ʲôСؼˣҡҶ֮ǲǸȲ˵˵ˡ
¹װ·òײŰ¹ŸܹסȻһҶ֮ЩŮζȹӶʳһӷɵ˳ֲر
ٿֳˡƹţҶ֮վſڡ

63ʱѡѣ

Ǿ͸ҷһ׷ɵĹϢȻȥó䳡档Ϊܵȵ졣һʱһء
Ҷ֮İɫТ̾Ҷ֮ƵķһТôƯʲôȻȥҪҪݣڵģọ̈ˡ
ұ鱯ʹʵʹ·
ƶ㲻Ҫ̫ġһңԺҶһֱ㡣Ҷ֮ݸһ֦ССĻ֦֦ͷһŰɫ״䣬ҲССһš⻨Ҳʶ㡣
Ҫɶ
Ҷ̧֮ۿҵļͷֱҵͷǻ֦ҵ޼䣬ҸϴͷֱȻ˧һͷͣҿܴˡ
˵öˣɿǰ£㻹ûȫǵáʻǴӲƷġ㲻ǵˣڲҲϰߣЩǱ䲻˵ġ
ɣҶ֮軹İҵҶ֮ˡ
ǰҶֻ֮ΣǲԼøƵģʲô񱰡Ǯ˵ĶȤζԣͲˣһ鱦
ҲΣһΪУǡɲһ
˵˰죬ôεëûҵءⱦʲôҲûң
ҿҶ֮費֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
ТҲûʲôⲻЩд񡣾Ǳߣ߼ͷл
ҾƵ߼ںüɴӺ棬СŮ״ţӰҸǰҾʩ
Ҫ֪Ů壬Ĵ˵װŮװҲҸˡ
Ϊʲôô˵⻹ףŮǲܸ˼ЩɴӺ棬ҿǸӰӣ˿ҲһټҶ֮ҵ·ôһѣǹ򣬾Լ֪˸
ͱûôˡһװһʹӡʡ¶ˡ
һŻе˶һ룬ҶͷʲôʱģҶ֮ʲôʱģЩⶼ޽⣬Լӵ뷨ףû˻ҡ
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ҲˣҶ֮費ҪĻֹǹģɲһ
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ҶϽΪЧ꣬޵ּ⣬񰴹죡
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׵ʱôһַ绪ģˣ湻Ѫģ
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˵۹⣬۽Һϵϡ˧ˮҶ֮һû١
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ҲԽüĿ飡
˵ҲҲסҪҡһ仰Ұѷıػ㣬Զ߸߷ɣӴ֣˭Ҳ˭Σ
ҶͷĵƫҺ໥ӣ޲öԷء
ܿеĻҳڷɣҲﾲöЩ״ڵϵˡ
֮һ˫˫ɣķ绪ͲǸҵģֶ˰ɣ
ЦЦǧģⶫ溦˰ͦˣճⶫͱɵˡҪߣˡõȵʱ֪ϲҪסֻºˡ֮£Ҫҳһһһ
ô˵һЦ֮޵İôã
ʲôģǮһʲôЦвУʹ㣡
ãҵؾͷߡʱʵĴҶڰͼң
˵أڼˣ̫æԺҰͼ㣬ػʹŰɣ
۾Уˣ
ҶͷôģҪǲʣûܸҡ
΢΢ЦˣıŮôܻ
ô¹ҶͷⱲӣΪ˱ңʲôˣʲôҲû£Ȼôͼʲô
Ц»ϲֻŮɣ

64ҹ

Դ֮˾ûϹҾͲţҶͷŵʱԵܺó
֪Щ˶ͽ˭ġҹ룬û˸򡣵̫ɽʱ˲ߵò࣬ҲҪ̱ˡ˧ʲôʱߵģҶûע⡣
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ҲҲǲ뵽취ŽٵǮôͣҲˣֻҪɱҾͺá
ΪĻᣡһӹסһǸСƿӡ
̧ͷûˣŮŮ˼ҵֶᰡ
Ϊ𣿿ǲϰְȻΪҶͷеźɾûźҪΪĵز
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ƿӣǶҩᵱҶ֮õİɣ
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찡˭Ұɣ
۵һײİ˵ϣȫĺëը죬㲻ҶͷҰɣ

65飿ᣡ

ļ䣬۵һȻҾιȥˡֺûϢı֣϶ֺüˡѾͦϰˡ
˭СأǰֲƬҶҿһûֱ̫ƽĵطѶ֮󣬾Ϳ֪ˣ
ҸҲҶ֮˵óԵĻҵҲҶͷĹײĸǵڵϣһ߲¡˵۹ȣӼ¡
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Ҷ֮ü£Ǳ˵ˣȻҶָ֮˵ұĳֻþˡ
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㣬һҶ֮費˰ˡ˧ҲӦվߡվߣҲ̫վǱߡͲ˵ˡ
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ͻȻԺжźϵ۾һҲ뿪ǸڸӰ˵ˣôҿÿĶأ

66ô

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˵ǹ̵ģľ⼸һʯ񡣿ŸˣһܵЩΪЩ
Ҷͷ˵ˣǷˣΪΪһҲûΪң
ûҵķʽ֪ģв֪Ļٽһ¡ϼλΪ̫ᣬƻе㲻ŵȺã˲
Ϊ˱סĽɽ˸УĹҶͷġͰԼŮˣȢҶ֮ƣ˵Ҷ֮ƶ˷ʲôһ󱦲صԿס˵˻ĵܲȥһβͲͳˡ
Ϳץ֮ɱ֮ǽǣ
û뵽Ҷ֮ݻ¶ˣҶ֮Ƹ̸˸¹óҶ֮ҲϻϡȻٽˣһԸǽ⻼
㿴ƻ˼һΪʮûս˵֣ǲң񣬻ܵ׵Ⱥڵıġһһĭܰ
µܲ߻ҶͷһִϣڶҶ֮ơҶ֮Ҷ֮üЩˣЩ֪󲿷ǲ֪
һݣǸԴϲİ취ֻҶͷǧ㣬ҲûȫȻ֪Ҷ֮üޣ˸æСɱˣҶ֮Ƹˡ¼Уͳ󲻸óֵߡ
ΪҶ֮üĳ֣ټ棬ֶ˼ֿŶȡƻʱ򣬻̫
ʧأӦĪĶҶ֮ȱʼƻˡ
òһµǹҶǣǸϵǰǲҪǲ֪ɺҶǾΪЩ£ȷȷʵʵǸƷˡ
ҲҶͷϲĵطΪ˶ûôùֻң㲻ޣֻǸ˶Թ
ܹȫҶͷϵġʵһƣΪ˳ɹҶ֮衣û뵽ˣ
ֻײһȦǰľ籾ݵġ
ƭ֣һôƭ֣ȴһõɹ˿صƭ֣
һʼ˾֣Ȼһ߿֣ȲϷྐྵӡһ޹ɵݡ
һͷײڴϣҾ;ùڷĴ˵̫ˡĸ˻ԼǮȫԼϣܱ˵ǣƣⲻȱ˲ɵزǹŽŲ
һپͻڲҶ֮ƣ֪һʼǸƭ̧֡ͦͷ޷˵Ͷ뵽ɱսǰȥˡ
˼Ҷ֮Ϊ˰飬˰壬˼أǱű˺ǿԱԭ²ΰġ
ΪʲôΪǸٱؽ˺ˮǮԲԭң
ңңңôôùƵڿдӵľͷɵӣɵӣǸùĴɵӣ
ǸΪʲôҪװҸɵӿˡ
ҶͷУŷְ
ˣˣҶ֮üңȻײİ͵ڵˣײİƵϵĶ԰ɣ㻹ҵҩҶ֮üҵǸʲôҩ
㲻֪
ҼľͷҲ֪£ֹһ˭֪װֻ֪˵ᱻɱڡҪ˵ô˵֪Ķ࣬Ŀء
Ҷͷһ£Ŀǰ㻹ûб֪
ãѻ죡ػصģػض˵СҶͷҽʵ̫𺶣ҾЩϸҸ©ˣʲôأһʱ벻
Ҿ֪Ҷ֮üҩȥҩ˭
Ĭ
û취ˣҶ̯֮ô׵Ҳùãأأ
ľͷҪٿȥҾܱݶһˡЩܣһҵ˵ġۣ
Щһܲ˵Ͳ˵ˡǵļƻҲɹˡұҲǸҪøеźҸˣӹģ²̣һͿ๦ߵķϣдһ·ɡ
ޱϵҶͷͰ׵
㲻һˣϺ굱һҶ֮ƺҶ֮ļ顣ƭǸ֪Ҷ֮ȥģ
ǰһãҪ˵Ҷ֮Ҷͷ׶ӣҶšһǸҾΪѹְҶ֮ü˵ǸӢۣӢ۰õ
־빶͵СаˣԶԶĳһ¾ͺˣϰþͲҪ˰ɡҪȻָʲôʱ򣬾ͱҾΪˡҶ֮ƾ͵ӣ
ҼװڵǲҪߵĺáȻﲻܻẦɣȺ˶װװɣٸǻ죬ûڶԶˡ
¾һأǸƽķҲƽˡҵĹҲˡǸϻƽ׵һǮ⻹׷ɱأʲô
ٲܣˮǶǮ֪ҵʱжʹҶǺˮ͸˵ˣԼģ
Ϊںˮϣ㲻ûҶͷ߳ȥף
뿪ɣֻҪϻˣ

72ǻˣ

֪ЩֵˣûСǳɹǳʣЩ¶ꡣ
ҶͷõֻҶͷ»νķ粨¡ϸҶͷϣ˵ѵı»治һĸߣ˵ĸһ
ɽˮָ߼鱨֯ǸƭˡΪҲᱻ󵼡
ǣȵȡֲˡϵǻ𣿻˵Ƿʱ˰Ѿãѵǰ¹ĻϾˣ׼ŸԼõﵱ֣
µ񣬾ʲôģ
ǸʲôʱߣҲҪǲʣǲ˵ˣһҲ
Ҷͷ˼ڻʱ򣡡
Ҳģʲôʱʱ򣿻ͷҪǮ˳ɱкŭʱˣ
Ҷͷһصӣҵģ
ʲôǲţǲɱңҪǲţ⻹пܣǲɱң⻰һ㰲οҲûСҪһǣҶͷҲ
ҶͷûҽͺˮΪʲôɱңҲûһʡΪת˻⣬ڻû꣬Ҵ㲻㡣Ҷ˼׸ͬڷ
㵽Ҳá˵һȥ©ˡ
ؿѵھ¶֣ɵȷôùġ¶д۵İҪɿܾͻҪûɡ
µûȫģҪҪɣ
ȥһطɣҶͷ΢ЦŶ˵Ļͷһգͻˡ
ҿŴӶһһεˮײǽᰡЩˮ͵ҵˡ
Ҷͷ˵һطɽһǱװӣһЩһ̧ġݹΪıˣǴһαһβ
ʼɣ˯ڹײ뻹нӡط˯һ˻ɡȻǺ͵عϻһҲˡΪ˯ŵģҲǲܵġ
ŵʱһ·ߵɽġͷһδƽ𰡡
һ߿ˮʯһ߰ºġ̵ģ´˭ҲκνڣκʽװײġԼ
ûѡⱲ֪ģǱ˵ܡΪʲôһҿ˵أ˰ˣһξ;һ㣬Ҿ֪ˡ
ҶͷԼ׵ˡⲻһչʾˡɽ
һֻҪ˵ɽͻ뵽ɽ﷢Ĺر顣ŤתǬıˣزٵҪ֮һ
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ҶͷһǳҪ¡ûи³ԵĶ˵һ֮ھͻûûô죿
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㷭ҶͷЩװôղһЩƼĶأܹҺЩֽͷһ﷢ùɿȥҷҶͷղأȻϤĶ˱
ȻЩʼǵãûиʽףˮǺġһһȥҵ찡ЩǺˮҵ˽ʣ֮ޣ
ڿҪҪˮϸʣˣҲ֪ҶͷܣˮҲ֪ˡ
ܣͻȻ׻ˡѵѵҶͷڿڿ˵Щ붯ֵ˾ǺˮȻҶͷҪղغˮ˽ʣ
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˼ұȽ˶ȥҺ˼˵ҲȥңҲ
а۾ЦЦı飡ôôĹΰεã۾λˡ
ڳɶѵʱϣﻹһĿԡͻȻһЦĽĳ˹
˲ˣҲŵģҲᱻŵϡҵİڽűߣҶͷһˡһпԾĶ
Сӿɵ󺰣ҵķɵǷɳȥҳȥġҰҰʮۼķɵͬӹȥˡôķɵǮҶ㡣
ȻΪǺͰһӳȥģҵľͲǷɵˣҵ£

73Сһ

Це㿪ˣ
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ѪɫΪˡ˵ĲңҲңҶҲǳҲˡʵ¹ؽ£ôʱȡ
ƽʱٲŮҲ³԰ڡ˵ͲʱأóĶǲСı˿ˣҲǹεġ
Ҫ˵ǶֶжüֱӾʹϽˡͺñȳ쿴Ƭˣ˴ࣣСͬҿǶСҲûʲô𣬴ϽҲûʲô
ɵǣǣ¹ĲϲŮ˵ĵһ׸пǴ˵ҵĺˮڵľսӡԼַһУ
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طͦҹҶɽˣڳ
ٷϻĶģץҶֵݵǰ
ҿٿĶҪǮģݸһա˵˸Ǯˣˡڿ¾Ҳ򲻵ˡ
Щ·ǵݸΪΪʱð˸õءõʱⰡһȥһȥ
һӵʱ䣬뿪ҵıǼ⡣һ룬ҵİ׳ǶƲҵϡΪҪڳӶһΪҪѽջȥءòשͷǷɵ
ٿǸӦǺܿµһֺˣӿ±ɰľһ֮
˭еŤ󣬡˵׭ƴƵ㻨𵶣Ǵģ
⵶ͷǣˮ۾ð̹ˡиô֣žžһѣû̫סʲôʲô𵶡һǴŻ˵ģ
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˧ǧҪмı飬̫ѿˡ
ʿɱ裬ͷһҪЦһߣ֮ôô֪ⲻǻ͸ҵģɱĻʺҲûô𣿡
˵⻰ʱ۾һҪϷʾһͺˡ
ѵҲǻȥҵǮģһҡ
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Ȼһԣؿٴ˳ˡԽЦԽǿԣˮԽûסҲˣҪôȥأ
鲻ô򵥵أΪѧʶгʶô򵥵ⶼûûҲû
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ӿҪȱһֱ̣ӻص˱ϡϿ˵˵Ҿɱ㡣
ôɽһˮƽȥˣͲҵвԵԣɽأ˼ɽȼɱʲôģٴα
ƽʱôĵƹ£ǲܿġ˭ôˣôÿɸϺˡǲ֪Ļߵġ
ŮåΨһ˵һˣĶ֮ģҲˡ

74ҵƣ˪

֮ԻɹΪץסǴҶϵʲôǻأΪһҸ˵⡣
ڶ˵ǸʵȻʣҾռһȻԭҲǶЩе׼üٻͺˮҾ׬ˣҲûʧ
ˮΪı֮УȻҸһ㰵ʾұġҲûɵģҵļٻҲһǼٵġ
ΪҺҶͷ֮Ӵľ飬ʮа˾ǱҶͷˡȻΪʲô͵ɽһƫƫװźˮʱɽɵ£û칦ˮͳˣ
νɺϣʮһɺϡҪʲôպˣǾͲɺϣаš
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ѹһõϢô׾ҵ˵ʣͽӢͬˮ֤ˡ
ҵͷһ֪ӡǹģڲ֪⣡ȻΪʲôǰһֱòϢڸպõõˣ˳Ļ˵ʱ̲
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׵ղϣǺ¹ġȥ˸Уһ֬Щӵ¡
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֮ұ˽찲찲ǶҵİͨͬУҲû̫⡣Ҳû˶ҵĳԵĸȤҵİ﷢ֵԵģܷҵĸԣû˻ɣ
⵶ҲΪҪߣôеĶҲŽҪ˯ǵʱ»ġ
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ҲԼģҲҪҡ
Ϊһ𣿡ˮЦ
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һûüǸ欵ЦѹҲûüϸΪʲôô˵һܶ˶ľ䶯һˣҵԴֶһ
һ˵ʹԶԼʱĽȱΣ֮Уʹᱻҽȵ˳źˮһ뵽ʲôİ취һҸС
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㣬

75Ҫ˵ʲô

˧ͻȻַͣҵͷҲһֱԽԽɫҹһִĸо
ҵӿʼ˧ͷϵֽȻ󡭡
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˧Σˣˣҿˣôʹ
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Ҽһ˹ȥһܱſ֪ж𣿡
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뵽ǺЦúЦһЦ˳о˧ץҵˣûЦֻһˡ
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ŮתϴͻⲻвŮһͦģ

76͸

糿ҵĴ󻨿һůůϣҲȡ
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ҶûܹˣܰװҲҵ簡˵Ҷ԰ҵĬǲָ̫ˣҲòǱһ˺áԽ;ͽͰɣҲȫҵĲǡ
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ҰһֱŵֽСĵñøЩɣ

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ȻԸ⣬ȴòһһ⼸ͷýҲûʲôԻ̫ҡϻܼ˵ģȻһһصֽ⡣
ܴܲͼ˲⣬ûضҿǣ˻ǶվŰɣ
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ظûûεЦֻܲܵʱ˵ˣ˵أ

79Ҫ޸

ʱ껹һֱ¸ͣҵ鿪ʼǺܺõģɺҲɥ
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80Ͻ

ǸѵõĴ죬һҲһĴꡣҲźҪ֪˵ǺҪһ찡
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ΪҲҪһԭһμʱѾ̫ˡҲ˵Ҽ޸ҲҶֶŵġʵҲûޡ
⣬¿һˣҵеܡôõһˡҼ޸ܸϣܽҵ鷳һõѡ񰡣
ðɣҳϣΪ˽ҵ鷳˳ϣ
ҹưճӦӦþôˡȻҲô
ҲУҼҵң·Ȼ߼˿ֵˡΪǻ֪Ҫ޵˭ΪǶûа֣Կʾˣֵ֡ܿˣûŸʾ
ȺҵĽƶ뵲Ҳס
һ˴ڡҶ֮¹ж̫˵ת»¹ʷϣһʣӴ˾Ǹˡ
ֹҲͣˡϲǰҳΡ˵ô¡ҸűĸͷҰãߡ˾Ǻãô㡣
ʱ˽̣Ĳүүˣ·ˡΪܴʲôΪ
ҵѡ̫ˣôһ˵ǣ¹һûʲôϽ֮ĶҲΪҼḺˣɹǸϲмҵġ
û뵽ͦǿЩˣרҵ¡ҵԼԼ¹ҲǶһݣһҲӰӡ
ǸͿ˴֬ϲţһүүǰѿѪ죬үϲˣ
Ҷͣһ㶼ǿֵľӶࡣǸүү˲ţǱɵˣ˵е̼ȻˣӦе׼
ɲ˵ϲŶĶЦˡҶ֪ôˡרҵ£ղһء
һȥã
ϲ˴ƵĴһӽˣ׼ã
ҵЩˣҲûϲźö٣˵ӣ˵ˡ·ߣһǻӦʱ䳤ҲУ
һأס
ݸãͱȽˣڳﻹûбҼүүϵġרҵ¾רҵ£ϲŸоˡ
츸ĸλɣǣڰء
޶԰ݣҲûѶȡ
붴ҵϲΪĥҪ׼һʱͻȻͣ
һȺװʿļϵĵǹ׼ս
Щרҵ£ǵְҵû¡˼޵ҪʼƵģҪ̳ûôľͶˡһʱ䣬ˤĵҳһš
ʱ۵أһ쳹

81ֽ

Щʵһ֮ȫһˡͱϱ¹Ѹ
ʲôʲôҵϱһֻѻػػ¶˵С֪ǻңҳȷ֮⡣
ǣȺҪɱ˵ʿɱ˵ģǼүү֮͵ز𣬹ˣ
ϲţƣһҵĹƾˡͷװϲŶܵΣա
ҵôϷ磬òҵ˸ʺϽˡս꣬ɾ͹ˣҸ˽飬Ȼô࣬ɻҲٰܲ˴̼Ҳţ
ҿڵϵүүᣡһû˵һ仰أô͹ˣҲɱʣȴҶԣΪֵĶҸû꣡
һͷǵͷأңҷˣ
ʿĺתŭյĺˡ˵˭ܵӵʿ
Ҫֵʲôʱ򣿡۾ˡ
Ҫˣҽƨ£úġɱ˷ҺˣҲܲ¶ˣǵһôֱӵľǰ̼ҿܴˡ
ǰ죬һס׼ȥҡ
Ǳоҽģˣ鿴үү
߻һôҲѰֱۣǱ߾ҽѾ˳顣
үֻιȥˣûˣ
ûҳ˿û¾ͺã
ʵڿ˵ղүүزӦȥġǳȥ
һ˼·ӦǱʶ֪ᷢ⣬䶼ʱ׼ţ͸ҽֵӸһܣĳ֣ȫҵĲ롣
ҵͷģû
ʱүүڵڳˣûͺáôˣ˵ǲùңܲԺˣҲ
ǸùϲŲҵɣֵĻֳպܹ졣ҵĺͷ߬Ų״ƣ죬ܹ찡
￰åٱȲǣɿ
ĸͷһɡǼ붴ԼһȺԶˣ붴˸Ҳš
һ룬˵첻ھϯˣϲǾ͵ˣȻҸҲû׼Ҫھϯ֪Ϊ»ǮڡҾԹƵϣһ˰
峡Ǳ޻ˣҲǵ֮
ٴΰѸͷ˵磬ҿǷּ顣׼ҿּĶˣô
û˻شңһС紵˴ҳǸŭˣǸ˾ܿңûĸ
ʵҲ治󻹵Լ취ƽ¡һ²һ£ҲûʱԼͷָϱˣҪô˵Լأ
ҿ֪үҲͦæģҲûʱ䡣Ҫ£æ˵ɡã֤Ƿˣͷ˵һҼˣ
¸ͷ׼ҵүүߣ˭֪ĸǶһȽ˵
ϧµЩͷӶ˭Ҳһֻ˶֣¿ֵġЩˣǸϲŶ˳ȥ
ҼүүվǽһƮҡֻǰҵСԺСԺһӾû˵ˡµĶǲеģ
㡣ڴսڼ͢ñΪ˧·һڣκĲú尡е˰ɣôٵĻѻҲ˵ó
ڻʲô̺ô򣬶෽Բ̸˵ҪҪ˧Ǹϸ
ҵˣŶҲûУ
ͷˣҲûáҲ˵˲ˣ治ɵ֪û˰û˰ˡʵСˣûаҲֻǿˡ
̬⣬ҳʱѾһȥˡ
΢΢һЦǸЦֻǣһǣò˵˧ȥƯˡ
ûϵͺã
Һûкˮ߳ԶȻֱӲǱǺǱҭ
ʮˣߵ߲ȣ㻹ָȥϳ̣ҵ۾ɵöţһˡ
ҲģϱȢϳ⡣ȱ˸ҪҰ
бȻϵûûŵˣҲȢϱءˣҲս޻̸֮ΪôģҼүүսֱɱܵ˵Ķսϰ̳ࡣ
Ƕ֪ȱֽŰ˵Ǹӣ˵ʲôأүǸ
ұǾͱȱȰɡǿɲУҼүүճףȥ̣˭Ҳǻ°ûȱ°˾ʧˣ
ģΪΪĺ¡¹ĺжԸΪģ˵꣬ǸʹһɫûĵطСڡ
ڣҿﻹһϼǸּĶ򲻿Ҽүүʹô߿ƼĶɣˣ
ңңޣǽӼǼүү𣬵˵ĵһ仰ҲΨһһ仰

82

ʵ֤˭ҲɵһԵαԵķˡ
ۼҵүүǺܺõӣӼһ黹û˼һӻĳء̫סǰûǲǷֵóġ
ü۴ЦЦīź򣡡Ȼīˣô죡ôѼҲ˸š
ҿǴŻ͵ļױģҲˣҲˡûȽأⲻ̫ðɣҶүүţ޹ᣡ
ϱôȢģүүȻеⲻȥҲûа취¡ˣҸóԺúϾˡȻһе߷գ߷յͬʱҲŸ߻ر
˵ˣұе˺£ûвֵġ֣취Ҳõ֡ҵһ磡
ԿɰֵùүүǲЦ֮һλεˣ
ҿߵİֲǹ𣿡
ϵĴͷŰҴһ飬Բɱȹ¶ˣ
˵ҲʱҾ߶ٻиˣܿҵġһ䣬ҳˡ˰ɣߵˡǴңرгɾ͸С
ٲȻر˺ޣҪǲúǲܽޣ
ʰ˱ˣһʰ
ȥүүǸŪ˵
ǸòΣҲͦΣ쾻ɱˣʵûгɾ͸Сˣ
ʲôҿǴûɣղŲҲȥˣ²͹ˡ
ûˣǴ֣صͷ
ʱҾҵԴǱһשүүûûҲûûбĥȻˣ
ҵǰ󷴲Ҳ̫ˡŭѪֱͷҳ˹ȥ֮죬ԼҲ⣬־һȭôǣۿҹš
û㣬ץסҵֲ֣ʹ𣿡
ʹȻʹҿ໵һˣ㲻Ͳ
һû˼ãȻҲţ
סȻ֣һƨڵϿʼޣҰˣ֣һ߿һش
ʵѹŶһĹ򰡣ȴӳ޵ɹˣٴɻޣȻ޲ɵĹˡ֪ˣأҲ
Ҳʲôˣһ˭˭ˣôﻹûˡ
㲻Ҫ̫ѹƶ񼲣Ѹߡ첻ҲͻһࡣȫȻ㣡ǸӲͷƤ˵
ҵĿ󣬱ߺű˵ҵôôడ
Ժһ˵ȣͲˣ
ҾˣզզأſҵģΪүүѹҲΪԼѹ
һ޿ɲˣǽһڵءĺڵʱҲˡΪʵûˡҾûôԷһֱޡûиүүҲȥͲˡ
ʵҶûˣίޣҲֻǸɺˡԺͰҲûˡ򷢹ˣҵľٶ̫̫࣬Ŷˡ
үүѾװˣҲ˸ɵġҳ˿ʲôҲ˲ˣ˿ҿޣҲʲô˲ˣ
һ߳һߺͰ˵ҡˣҾˡȻҹ
ǴȥĶҲˡ
¿˿Ȼȥɣܡ
һߣʼҶûһۣ
ҵСԺѾüˡҲˡÿ˳Ծ˯ʲôҲ룬ʲôҲĺҶˡ
ҵûйôɥóۡöҪ˵Ҿ÷ǳھΡȻ˵ǸΪ˰οҲô˵ġ
ǰδеĶâҵĳӼƻҲ᲻ˣ
ˣˣҵĴ췢õˣʵ˵ʵΪִˣﻹġȻĶеھΣҲѹ
ҲֻǸİˣôѾļˡ֮ҲΪͿ˵ϡ˵˵ȥҵ뵽ĻԼҲǸ˽˰ˣ
ϧɱĶˣҰ̾ǰˣ
һת۵Ĺ򣬵ҪμǼͷվҵԺˣ
ЦˣκȻ۾Ͽÿ˵ɨȥ΢΢ЦţҲ˵۾ʲôҲûС
Ҹ˾һ۵ǰǲô˵ġҲˣͿǵĺˣ
Щյ첤˵ǣٴУҲɣ
࿴һʵ⺢ҲͦġС١챻˵ǹʹ˲ˡ˭Ҳ֣ͿɼҪЩϼ޻˵ˡ
ãҴټһأȢ𣿡һһʣ

83

˧һʱ޻ƿΪҴ̼ܴˣе㲻̫ˡȻҲ˵Ҫ޸ǣ
˵˰ɣǿַ財ˣͷɣ벻趼ѡ
ǲԸ⣿ұ˺ˣֻҪԸȢ˭Ҷޣһֿ˵Ҳþǻˡ
Ҿϲϵֱ飬ʹ𣬻е㲻֪롣һôУһܰɣҵģ
ȢһվܼᶨôôһսʿҪԸս
ҷһۣðѵү̧ǾͼޡҵǸ㡱֣û˵ڣͱ˴ˣ
Сֻܼ޸ңҶ֮裬ԣӦ˵裬һżɫʲôţڲ棬Ҷ˭ˡ
⻰ͬҲڷ˧ϡһֱΪҺĹϵͦġѣȻ˵жãҪԺ⼸ͷǿϧôͲѩ̼һأ
һֱ鷳Ϊ˱ݣͲ㣬ûǸʲôģܸһİõĽˣ̫ʧˣ
ðɣͰתˡԶأҲǽ͵һˣ»вܵ£
һܹߵȽ֪ʶŮԣµͷģǻۣɫϰ֣ҶԲҸѧѣϰ֣Ҳ̫ʹ˭ûŴ޵е̣
˵̣ϰֿҲûУûŴҲ
²ôУǱҵ꾫ʧҲôʧǡҿһٿһˣδЦǧİ
ôˣôϻʡʲôţЩеûģ治ġǾ浶ǹĹӸɰɣˣһʲôµģ
ǻûУСУ˼Ƹ꣬赶ɱˣ³ɺһɣ
ꡱЦתͶµԨԴͦʲôʱҲأǸҲܴ̼ˡǰɴûҺɫ
ֶ˭˵ף
׸ۣ׵ۣҹȥӼһ׵öࡣΣǻȥˣǲҪҲûʲôѵģ
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һ仨Ʈ䵽ҸǰڶߣĻҪ˰ɣȥûǰôҲ١ȴԾûԽԽˣˣ
Ҿ֪ҪеʲôǲܽܵľٶΪַˣղǽʱҲģĻԼǵ֤ǵȷġҲãҲͣһԺӵЦ
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˵ɣ˵˭˭ȢˣΣˮЦĿҡ
Цǽ˭ҲӮң˻ȥɣȢңǾһѡ˭ģͼ޸˭Σ
Ҫ㣡
̫ˣ⼸˵һٱٱ䣬ӷ費Цŷһ˲ſЦֻЦ˵ķݣҲЦΣ
žһһƯ䰡ֹҲܺã̵ϸÿһ̫áֿ찡ҶôܲЩõأ
ùһľͷʵصӡôͨĶܱһֱţǾͲͨˡȻ֡˼మ棡
Ҳ£ͿǵҶ֮ƺĺɽˣҪ˵ƭ˵Ĺ
Ըܺãʵֲˣ
ҪЩ˲У̫ˡҲǸԸһǸˡǸжҵģ
ˮ򵥣ֱӹһƱðǣһǧĽƱʮšͶˣŹԲϴôǮ
ĶǰҼһҪҵӡҾͲˣΪʲôǰҲɣ
һֱû˵ķ˧֪ɳһʲôһ俪޵Ĳ뻨ͷϵǶƯ˧ưɣ湻ģֻϧҸĸ黹һ
̧ۣڿңҶЦһȥת˳Сڳʦˣ½ҵˣ
Цò紺оӣԼˣЦģˡÿ˵⣬Σ
¿Ѱˣѡÿϵı鶼࣬ڰнϾභȴ뵽СʱһϷ
±ҲһϷϷķá
Ұſһдʣָ֣һһָȥָ
㣬ϸףװףСףļȾ㣡

84㡱˭

ҵı˵ָһͨģ׶أĶͿʼ߶¡
ԴӼִȥԺ⼸˵ɫͿʼԽԽѿԺѹͻؾ͵˲١
֪ǲƵĹϵһûҰ֪׶һ꣬󲻻ָһ
㡱ֳڣָڲ뻨ϣеˣ
ϵı粻˶Ƕ䲻뻨ֽ
üЦôʣһ޸뻨ˣޣҾͲԼ׼ˡתݣţһǳɣ
ϣ̲סЦӷڵϡס죬Цֹ
Ը˾õİ취ʲôӸһֿܵĿͷӹȥһֿɡ
Ϸ֮ǰѾ˴㡣۱ָĸ󶼺˵Ҫ޸ˡ˭ⶫأ˭б˭£
Ҳ˵Ȼָ˲뻨Ҳܾܼ޸˧
Щ֮ȻеѲǵĶ취ǵĶıܡҲṩһѡ
֮ô鷳Ϊ鷳̫ˣƾԼı£һҲˡҾûֱ£ҳϣǾбµɡ
Լںģ뵽õİ취ڽ赶ɱˣЩЩüƸֵϣ̫СˡҾʲôҲʲôԼˡ
㶯ԽԼϵùˡ˾ӣҵİ취Ҳֶһ٣취
ԸһҪȶԸһǿͶǿϾͲһ
Ҳû˵˧ģô˵ҲѡҪðĶࡣ֣ͲҲΪ˰ҽΧأ
ճԷ˯ɹ̫һȥˣûȥˣû
ԽԽģɰסˡһѩݵһ£ɵǰʱˣûڰɣ
˰ɣǺɢҶ⼸һһҪӡ
һҧһڣѩףͦ𣡡ų
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ϱӲ֪ⱲһشǾɢɣıĺ˲٣ǰǸһɵЦкˡ
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򿪺ɰøˣǮң
٣ҲûˡҴ㻹ˮšʡϾǷġ㿴Ҳ̫ǮˡЩˣҲ˰ɣʭӶ˲ҧծ˲
˵ʵԭлˮǮĴ㡣ĶԹƽ
Щνˡһ·߲ͨͻ·ߡ˵ףؽڲ֮ණҲûУüʲô
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˵һ£ͱȥˡЦشСͦãҲǷݺǰ;ĹȻȥռɽΪɽҲ
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ҲҪҪٴŰһߡȥˡȥֵۡһҸȫˡ
ܵЩνĺڣǲǣȻģɹƭ˭ȥǻű˿ɹƭˣ
ҲΪĽܳ꣬ߵԱȷˡ߶ˣͶ鷳Ǹ£ȻûˣҲû˵鷳
ҵҪȺӲƴѱȫĸų˹ҲĲ̣ﲻҲܺ
ɡˣȨȡᡣҲֻܹǰˣ
ɲǣҪȻˡױǵޣ
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ûûҪʦˡ룬أҺͰĹϵǱȴǰˡʵ˵ɢԼˣҲ˵ʲô
϶ѿ뻨ˣ֪𣿡ҵ۹ǳԹ
ЦǻͿʼˣͿˡŲŲĶ֪ȥֻҪ⣬Ͳҵ£
㵽Ҫ޸˭ǰһΣ⣬ʵô档
ۿһ棬ҳԳˣҲ˵ˣֻҪǻŵģеģûŵġ˭ҶԼޣ
޸Ұɣ

85Ҳ

ҵип֣֪ãǸЦã
ʲôΪѾûõ˵زҪӳ죿Һʰ
ˣǳãȻѵû˵ļ򣬡ҲǱβҪ˵ġҪǱƵΡ㲻õңȻ书ûʲô۵ġȨƣҲˡǮƣʲôҲȲǣһ㣬۴
书˼ָͷҾüءȨƣͨġǮƣһ˻˵ʲôǮ뵽һһҾƣ
˵˵ţҲеãȻˣѹְΪˣҸûʲôóЩ˿ĶʵеӵɣһǴ
İļ򣬡ҲȵģʲôҲûУҲõģǲ²һɶԵʱɵɶУͲøˮˡĺˣ˵ġ
һܵı飬ûҿĲõ㡣һԸɵӱ۵ˣжΪ˭ҲˣҶǶࡣͺúŰɣһȺɵ˸úһϷҪǻ񫣬õǻɱһܰǰ
˵ȥҾ˵ѧ˰ɣôõطѧôǰ˵ıѧȥˣҵ洫ƺӣôһҲɰأ
˵ҲҲΪãŴ֣ʱ֪ôġҪȨûȨҪǮûǮе书ǶġǼͷȣǻٲˣٲֻ˵ֵģûģ
ڶѱٳ£ҾȻǲȣҲָңֻҪҾҾͰӷˣ
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ʵҳȥԣҲǲԡڴСҲǸˣһΧ׷½أ鷳Ҳ̫ȷôõܵùȺ
ʵ֤̫ˣ
ûгΧ׷½ֳ档Χ۵ĶûСҲͲˣôҿҶ˹Ƶģ
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ǿǿ£ҲСһžҪ˵Ҳǲġĵĺǣҵίܴˡ
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Ҫʱʱͻ֣ᷢиӣһôҪ¡˵Ҫʱ
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ϲ治Ǹǵģһ㷭ɶҵͷ֮ýĪҼϲſɶǼﰡѵְҵҪ
ȻǶȥˣǸˣȴûȥһ±ҴšǸأޣһ֣ˬҶޣ
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Ұҵָͷͷβһ飬˭ҴûϷأԱˣ
ҸʮֻһֱԵһ·ϽΣһ䣬ĥ˵ġ
һи⣡Ҿһ֣Բòʡ¹Ȣףɶɣ㲻ȢΪʲôҪԼ
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֪Ǽͷ֮Ҳĵġ֪֪ӵ˵ǵ㣬Ǹоǲһġ
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йҲ˵죡㲻ţɱЩƣǻҲűڿԼеҲűˡܸԼҶ֮Ƶйء
ǰҾԲšкüζΪ⼸ٻһ˶иġΪŮˣ׷ġ
ŮˣҲûˣΧǰĵز
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Է˧ѣҲҲġ˵ȫԹҲûȵ̶ֳȡˣֻҪһ컹Ҷ֮ƵЩ˵ĹϵҲˡ
ͷβһһʲô׵ģԭɲܸҽͣҲûʲôý͵ģ˵Ҳı䲻ʵȻҲڵľ档α˷ʱ䣿
ԿϣݳȻеȱ£ǵġʱҪŮ֤ʵԼǸСһˣԺҲù㡣
ӲӲûôС۶һضߵ죬ۿҪˣ
汼·ˣҺҶͷĳ̶ֳҲ;ͬ飬ֻǽɫͬѣ
һ˵ˮҵӶ˺أҶҪҲû˹ҡ춼ˣһгĴ㣬ƺҲһõѡ
˵߾ߣ˳˳أץһԥ죬˰ɣȻ᲻ãҪΪЩ鷳ǵòʧ
Ŵ汻ˮˡĿǰΪֹҼǱ˧磡˵ûѺˮ˸ˮè۾֪ЦҪ̣찡
Ҫʲôߣôģһ̣ûشˮ⣡
㲻ʼҵ֮йˣҪһ֪ûĵŮˣ˵Ҫ𣿡
źˮͷ̲סЦʼˣСѣе㳣ʶòãһûأʲô˵˾ʼô͵˲ˡ˭ϵ㵹ù£һжȥģ㿴ЩŮǲҲúúõġֻҲţɵĲȥµĲʵڲҸŮ˶㸺𣡡
԰Ȳ˵˭˭ǲϲŮ𣿡Ů˶㸺Ҵ˰ɣԭұȽϰԣɲҲİ
µŮ˾ûһǺöھ͸ҹ˵һͷж͹Ҷˣ
˺鸮һ£ңˮǲ̫ϲŮˣҲ˵ϲˡô޼ɵϷǰСˣǣ
찡̫ˣգգ

90·

ҰѺˮСܡһίøߣôҲСʹӣ˵ĻҳƵģ𣿶񺮰
ʵ˷Ƣˤģָ׽ܡ˵ʲôѵģ˵ͨʹ£˼үǣ
˵˭֪ǲǱ󷢾ˣһʱӦϾǽӴȽ٣һʱӦҵ·Ҳܴ
ǲˣҺܵÿ죡ȻһˮӦҲүһѣһ׷ȭȻ򲻹ȴڻ¡һˣִүǵľٶԱǲҾˣ
лҶͷҶ֮Ȼûһ£ȴɾҡЩ֮ԶôΪĿǰ״һ΢ƽ⣬˭ͻô΢ƽ⡣
ڲǷ˧ǶǣһȫǸǳˡҲ֪֮ǲʲôЭ飬Ȼ֣˵Ѿ˾Ե
ɱʲôöˣҵ鶼ûù⼸ǰİҲҶĵģοְģܱİǿ㡣ѹؿڵǿ㶼ɢˡ
ҴǰԽԽ֣Ȼּˣ
ҹһ˫ɫ۾ɲӵġȻֳûгĺҿԭĺûˣ
ʱҸ˵𣿺ˮҲˣô
ҪȥĶҰڳ˵ʲôʹӣҪǺˮСƢҲˡҲģҲǷģҲûô
Ҳ͸Ц仨ƵģүҪȥĶ
ҪܣҲֻܸųˣ˵ҰɣҲ֪ˣ֪Ҳ֣ˣҵģΪʲôҪܵȥҲȥ뷨̫ˡ
ҶϵĳԶţ˲вүˣ߰ɣ
ͷĽˣȽƽ㲻ҪԶţ
˵ʲôӣԶţֻоˣŸڴϵĳԶţⲻвҪȥҹУ˳ȥԶҾͲ㹦ˣǸǣ
Ҫ·ûҲõҳԱ˯֮ҲܡҶǰ󱳣·ѾܣҿûⱾ¡ʵʵĳ궫ҵط˯ȥ
治㷹ԣţѵҵĹ½ˣôû÷ȥʲôˮٴǰװˣҲǹùġ
ǮҲʱ̶˻ǱǮǱᡣΪŮˣӰҲѹĿߺǶȫŮ˵ָء
Ů˺Ұɣһ˾Ů˶ˣܣԲܣҵ룬Ķôأ
˴ͷҷԣûҾͲˣ˵һ˭˭ˣúκεıľٶǶôӡ
үҼСҪȥԷˣ˵ӰȥٵṦһ֣һӵð˳
кζͽζһذʤˣĴӶˣԸһҾͲˣ
תߣǸʶʱĿܡⱦģ湻ͦΣӰ갡ʱ˧⿴ˮǳԲšǲϧҪǳɲǺˮôװƽġ
ջɫһĿ⣬㲻ȥǰ;Ĺȥôֻˣ֣ӦòʧҵΪǻƺһȥˡСڳԸ񣬶Ը񻹺Ĺȡ
ȥԷɣĶô໰Ҳͷˣ
ˣһСĳɴʲô˲𣿡һֻ˵ˣû㷢ʩķݣҲҵ·
ҪȥĶûôˣСβ㣿ȻǳԷȥ
֪ĶǳţҲʵûȥׯҪûҺʱ򣬸飬ҳ극ģȻҲǺ
ŰƣúõĺϵôҪ칫·ߣ
ָоɣе˸㣬СʱǰԽȥӬ²»ġһ·Ȼǻ飬ɸǰС̣ܶ󣬸յʮꡣʱҶˣ˵ҪȢңҸߣ̫˰ɣ
ҵҴˡԼһֽ̳ĺ̸ۼޣʵҲ˵һð취а׹ǾʣŮǣӦÿһȨ֮ơ빫˽Ǹð취ԼȥˣҸĵˡ
ôһ仰ԼԼԼá
Ҵ֮䣬ǰôһС۲ݣһ濼ֵĿԡɻͻҴҶ֮ƵϣŶ󣿹˽껹ʮ꣬ҶҲűˣ˭Լʮʱǲܼ޳ȥ
֪ǵ͵ĺ˰ʹҾδѣԺһ᲻޲ȥǾ͵ʱ˵ɣ
ǰ찢˵ҪȢңһΪҽΧû˵ġΪҵĲ棬ˣοǻ̯ƵġϱҼҲˣôൽҪƣ
˵ҴûҪ޸㣬ôǵһôСظ
ǲҵĳûǮģҵĳͣȴξҲȥһҾ취ȥǮɽҲõҲСʲôҾʲôвУ
ͷϣ⺢ҸˡôףҲȥʲôҲȥơҡô˵ףɣⰮɣô򵥵ģ
ɵӾһô˵ţҲֻΪҸʮ꣬ȻҲص㣬ҪûŮ֮ĸоɾƽʱ̰Ƶӣô˵ûʲô˵
˵ҪǸ˵̫ˣͲҪͣܰ費ҰɣʵҲб׼ġȻҺҪûǮ˧˧ĶôҪ
ɶ̫ҲУ۸ˣ쳤վҲû˼ʱ˳ܣҲšˣ˧ûǮҲС
˵֪ˣҸ˶Ѱʵ˵ˣŮ˼޲ȥҲԭģͿҪĶЭ˰
Ǯ˧⣬ҰҲãҾǸ簡Ҷˣô죿ô죿Ȼ˵һΪĽڣ
˵û˵ȷҪҵٳɼҡԺ˭ɣֻҪͣ˭ɶѡɵ;ȥأ
Ψһһپ飬ֲǲ֪·ɱˣñˡľҪ˵ľɶˡͷļҵ񣬵Ҳôܡˣ̫̫ã統ɣ
ֻҪƭ֣Ϊ򱧲ƽʲôģǺܺʵġ
ҾѧһգӦڽʱͼ̳ʦ²úõҪ˵ٳ̫࣬ʹ졣ɽ̫ߣҪ츳ҸĵҾʹӽٸƶΪʼɣ
ұؾᣬƹ⡣Ҫôһֱϲ⺢أýڰ׳աȻ˵СƢǲġֻҪ΢һ£עϱתˡ
ƵˣѾܾˣʱȥ˽鷳˼Ҷ鷳ǸɵӣֻҪҵͷϣûвܵ¶ûˡ
ǾʣµһģҸϿ⺢ӷˡ۸ʵģʱ䳤˻᲻ú
黹û꣬ȥĴǻǷֿߣһʲô£㻹ҡȻһˣû·ˣ
֪ҵĻ˼֣ʧںҹӰҵ꣬ɵӾˣǲһȷǺúӣǲ֪Ժ˭
ƵҪȥˣͨɳǵĹٵһ̶ӡ
ظչţһǰҾģҼ޸ٵ˼ңԲҽ򡣿Ҳ֪ģ̫СҵϣҪǴֶˡ
һǰõϹһóһ·һĻ˵˲ͬԶһ۶ˡ
ôⳡҲһǰһûûˣϴ˵Ź͢٣ҲòȥҪʲôڣ
ֻεûһһ𣬶һк£Ҵӵ̵ϡ
Ҫһȥɳǿ콧ſҡƴοɹˡ
ȥֻսֱۣһҲں췢ˡҲҺûܵ÷ɿϵȥ
ҵСӹǵȷѺۿ⣬˭㣬øȥҹԶ㡣
ͻȻͷҵĻʧСҵԴˣңⲻǿ
찡ͿҹӡСӣ̫ĻǴˡҵԭҶ֪ûкӹ˭Ҳкӹŵùɣ
ĺǴ˵еԣܳһ̶
ҵȻ֪һɵ˵ʲôû׷Ű

쳯

 ֮ Ұʷ
̫꣬ӼλһŹ̩񰲵Ķµ۴ʱȴֻ
µĲǱˣ̫ȢĻʹ--Ҷϣ˵ҶͷСǵԪ˧Ҷ顣
ҶĸͲʣҶ̣ڹ̣ܽǽ쳣г֣ý飬ȴȻù
Ҷ֮˸ıŮҲüҶϵ֮üС㣬ҶܵŹ£ҶҶҳӣһͬЧɳս֪ΪҶһҶˡ
֮գСҶϣʵͬĵĸĸһͬʼʱɱʺ޻Ů
µӢҶϵСڱ߹ɱƽҵҶϡûȥҶϵĻݡֻն
ҶѶ쳣޲ɱǲТŮǵϾŮϵջسҶıĻʺҲͬѰŮİŮ
ҶͬΪٲ޹ᣬɾΪʸҶϴ˾٣Ϊ¹˻
Ҷްֻڸ֮⣬ʴʡ֪ҶһйҶǣ塣Ҷ֮Ů֮üСʵΪŮӡ֮ΪеҶϵ֮һʱܽܣʧ־ˣ
ƴʱү߹صʤʦسµĻ£º¡ʵΪҶϣҶһ·
ֻҶɥĲ񣬲мϵĲɱ֮⣬Ҫ
Ҷϳүض֮ʱͨѲлʼ䱦ķ͵͸ʹߡʹƷ߱ӣ֮
ˣԼмɫյүүĳҰʶҶֶ޴֪
үʶҶϵĵСүŵѱȫӢûֻүҲòӣΪҶҶٽһͬ۳ɳսҲͬѰ
ԶҶҲ̼֣үȴ˶ϼӿܣҡ
ֻҶϹƶˣԼȴܵ߳˽ͨҶٽڱ߹СǰӻؼУлϴĸˡҶȻ޶ԣ
ʱԴΪأͬסҶۿ޼ƿʩͻҶլαѶֻߡҶΣֻôǹл
үΪ˷ֹҶ¶ˣһ·׷顣ҶϻĲүѺض·ٴߡȻĶү
Ҷӵˮ֡ٹ˱ַݱǲҶϣͼͽ⡣
ӹ˽Ϊ˸ñ˽ԽҶϡɹ˽еùҶϵĽթһѡΪٴ׽үòͽʿܰҶ׽ù鰸
ȴ֪ػ־ҶʱɼɥȪ벻ҶٽǶǰҶսϾȻص̫ӡҶٽʶݣΪ
϶ҶΪҶŮķϡ׼ТɥҶҩɾȣҶ֮ʱթӡ
һݣ֮ڳ֮Ҷ޲޵£ȴĻ֮֮󣬼ٰҸˣƭһʿ֮Ϊң෽
ҶƵĶս¶òãһɻ顣׵˲Űɥϲá
ͲǱˣǽϺպĴӵΨһˣ˲֪˲ڿҶϵն󡣵Ǳ᳦δ
ֻҶһղһվҪ˷ˡְ¹׸үϡǺүΪ١ţеֻоĵ١
֮ʣү˵֮ˣҲǻѪΪΪҷǳֻҵ˲ڷеıأӭҶϣ˺Ҷ
벻ǣҶթֻҶϻΪ˴׳²ߡۣûӹҶϵĶ֣ҶԾл
ʺӣֻܴλڶүүΪҶˣԺȾزѻµйϮλүƴվ̳λ
ϧҶʺһƬΪᡣΪؽࡣӺҲڴ˴γУΪ֮ģԱ
꣬µۼݱ¹ٴȻʶӼ̳лλΪ룡ǩʮͣսԼ
үΪƽ˺һֱڱ߹Ѳӽ
Դ̫ƽ
ժī͸ıġ¹־ʷ쳯ҡҶϵƣֱ֮
£Ų¥ڻ˵ˣȥͣһֱһֱ
֮޲пҶһţΪƫƫ˴˵Ϊ˵ȴӢ۶ֵ
Ӵ¹ҲûŮӣΪ



 ֮ ƽͼɹ
ԶŮ ֮ ƪ
ϱջʳһһ䣬ԼôûȣɱϻҪװ뿪
С˶üˡſ˻е۹ģɽЩλȴ˵һ۾亹ֱðҪù
ǰŵһһŮԵúȺֻŮӣ䳤üĿ㣬ɴͨޱ߷һúõ㷢һ󣬲һ֧ΰģﶫᣬ̣ò
ԵñϵĸߴӢһϳ˺ƱˣۿžҪǾ̫ˡ
ʮü׳ӲǰⲼ£ҲټɡЩүȴһͷӡ
СӲͷƤǰ͹١
µʲôʱҳףͻȻڡ
СһڵϡûˣҵҲǰ׻ģһվã͸ģ͸ģ
Ůȴûаֺ£һ׾ˣ˭˵ָˣһһָȥ
ָˣȫͷҶϸоӵľͷ
ǺۿҪŭˣС˫ȶͣĬС£޲Ȣ£ǧҪǨŭͷϰ
⵱ڣŮͻȻѩ׵֣˺ӵϣȻչȥġ࣡һڣ
һ㶣Ȼɫ죬ȴԭüβ̣ڸˡٿССĢʨͷСײֿŮӣҪֻɣѼ벻ԣ
ŮһЦͺã
һӣôҪϻġ
ûд˫ȷֵлСʱһֻԼӣҲԼһڣֻôأ
˵һĲܶãһʮǰշͶص¥
˵Ҫùİ
ɱƪ
Ҫ벻һʱļ֪ġº ԸоԼ亹˳޽ʡ
ŮӣֻæԼϵĶû˵һ֧ݹЩϽᣬʵ㣬ж೤
ȻֽӹȴżӵĶȥˣٲˣֲסˡ
ð죬еٶˣתõӣţȷָͣһͷĴʯͷϡȻԼĹĽϣһƯˮֽᡣиˣַרҵġ
һ׼ĵ±ߣ˫ƽһչᣬͶɽ
߸ոհ̧ͷ;һѣΣǰͷǸŮ˻ˣһûסθӽ˶ȥˣԩ
ǰһһӰҲȥ
±ߣɽŨǳҪҪҲȥл
ͻȻתһ쵰Ҹû꣡
̱ڵϣһûӵѱת
ҴҴ㲻Ը⣬ҲˡҪ˺òáӽתǸˡ
㷢ʲô裿ǶõһļĵضҺòװѶ룬ȥˣˡڲûɣôң˵꿪ʼޡ
ѵɱ˭ܸǣ˵ʲô˵ʹɣ
ֽ𱣹ƪ
ȻûתʲôҲ㼡ףһֵ¡
ŮֻϴǶжĶǶֻ´ӵĿףһ鲼ƬûʲôŮ˵ֶǰҲûʲô
ͻȻһǰſڴǸ˯øһŮ˵˯Ѩ˼˵ΪŤӰƽʱûʲô
ӣ¶ڲϵӡӺͿǣЩطò״װ
СĵĽ⿪ϵһһһ𿪡ȻЩһһŵĽƱͲģѹʱ޿ߣһҲԺǷʳ⡣Ǯֶ˭Ҳע⡣͵ģУ
ǵһƵĴУôĽӴⱲ֪Ǯ׶Ķ˰ɣ
һֻϲĽƱͲôǮѹʱӱΪףΪǸӣ಻ˣ
ǮǲǾͲôţҲˣٿһ۴˯ŵˣ˯˻üʹ
漴ûǮ뷨ʹˡҪҶǮġ֮ܵǰ϶ȰʬôٻΪӦǴûôǮŮ˲Ŷԡ
Ķԭȥ°ϡĥаЩɱ˿ɣͲöˡȻۣʵǺֵǮģ
ıƪ
һֱֱֽĳɹֻϧֽ̫ᣬûȵ˳ǰʹֱˡ
ʲôҪһ¶
ˣѵǱţ㲻ֻǸѡ
Ϊ֪˵úҿǲģңʮȻ;峡ȥͲˣ
ﰵһȺְֻа׳ջᵱ⡣
ȥĶͻȻ
ͻȻԾ㣬ǰҳԵĶ֪˵һôҪˣиһȥҲ˵
˿ıӰأ
ƪ
һȺɫһΧڵУˡ
ܵһӭ꣬аϲα̣̫ˡǲ˵ˣԴҲǼãиͬڸһЧүЧҵĻᡣ
ѵү򵥣ֻһλİΣܡΪˣΪõ˽ǵĲ£ͲүԴҵİүĲˣ㸺Եɣ
겻ԣǸˣ
ͻȻһүŮˣȻбڳˣˣүһͲˣĳ˵
ͻȻɢɢˣ
һгɻĺᣬһһ˵ǵϵĶⶼ˳ԵͿʳҲܿʳﶼʲô
˵һ£ϵʳ˳ԵĶ𣿲۸˵ģ
߹ļ򣬡ˣүҲ˵⻰ʱʹϧģֻ鲻õʱ򣬲ŻҳԡƽʱǸ¥Ĵʦʳֻǡֻǡ
ֹһֱ̫ã
ƪ
һֽɫ֪ΪΣӹүݹֽдһĶ
ʵΪmanҲgoodhandsomebodystrongtallҪvery sexmake loveҲǿacceptkissҲhotġǲ֪makegoodǺˮgoodҪ֪ˮskinfeelingġ
ҲǰҲǣɽϹĵʿѧǲǡ
ҧгݣԭǹ

Щ ֮ ƪ
ｿߵͷһ˲䣬ˮ۹һҿ̰ʵ֪ͱһҵǮȴ˵ʲô鰡ȫƭ˵ġ
еŮ˶ƭӣȻﻹһƭ˵ʲô飡ֻǮʵڵģǲ㡣
ҶôҵǮȴҪŪּɣƫƫڳһǮʲôںӡ˶ġ
ɲ漼ɵģ˺ޣǸ޲ҳƤѪŮˡÿζֱңڰҲԸ⡣
˫ð⣬һˮı顣ǰûԺҲû˭ܵҵ
ɾһŮˣĶѡȻһֱϡÿαŮ˵ʱǰѹ£ЦҵȻҧһһݺۡ
һ뵽ЩҵľͿֹⲻܶ˵ܶЩߵŮ˵ǸŮ˺ģҲ
ŪȻƿҡ⻹㣬ҪƸˣʲôϲˣȻҲϲŮˣ
ʱ̲ס룬ҵǮһһɫԸ̫֡ǿһֱ
ǴΣҵʱûбòܻرǲһֻ᲻ͬˣ
ǲˣòᣬҸɵйȴ¼Ĳѹܻ˵˭Ҳû˭ӵеĸࡣ
ҪûϵýȢţص߻ףһһҪ
ƪ
ķ˧һҲдоһһˣҾôдĺãΪдʹˡƪҲдˡҹڷ˧Ϊʲô뻨ûȢתɣҲǼֿܣ뵽ģҲһ뵽ֻ˵˧ҲֻǸԵ͵Ŀ˰ˣ
ƪ
Ұеֽݸôдǲе̫ˣ
ǿǷˣӹȥ󵭵һЦдøҲںġȻںĪ㻹ʲôǧţһ˵⡣
ΪʲôһǸ׺͵ЦݣôΣ˻ڰɣ˵׾ʤǧˣмܡ
ȻʵĶ£΢׽λĴڻʹ棬ǳ
ȴһ֦⣬µľȫûһͳ貶Ŀ˭ҲǲĹ⻪Ҫ߱ʵһ㣬Ͳٶ˵ˡ
˿ܻԵϲûһ˶˵Ļɣֻһ㣬ҪʲôΪۣ
˵оеһˣȴĻλø˳Ķӣ˵ҲӶ콫һȫ֧̫֡ӵǻѳɶֵʵȫ̱Ʒ´Ӵ졣
˽ңʱҲ²µ뷨ó²ߣҲԶ¡ѵΪ˱̫֮𣿶ҲǷҪɡʱ⣬뿪İɣ԰һжźˣ
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