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1 ΢Ц


念ʮ
ڴĺʯϣû̧ͷɫƺҪ꣬ԳʪĿУԺĻȴˡ
˿㡭࣬ûż㣬İֻӲݺͺζѹӢϲůĴռѹӢëȻڵǰƵʯһһƣЩСɡźķƮɶȥˡ
̲סתȥЩͷ׵ɫôĶоİϱӲżģͬǰΡĴ
ջ۹ʱ⿴ǰվŵĸŮֵڿ΢΢һЦȻǶĿ⡣Ѿϰˣϰ߱ñĵ۹⿴Ҳѧм˵ͬ顣ͬ顭ʵǼѵ£΢ЦŻӦͬ۹ʱڵķˡ
е͵͵˵ЦŮ˴Ӵ̫̫ߵĴù˳ɼλ
Ǽ˫µĻͣͣ·һСʣ˵ǸǸ𣿡
šشӦĶϾϳɣԵӦȥ˵
Ǹ
˵ĺ׼ǣǺǣΪֳǴҲ˾УѾǵζֻ֪Ϊ׺ǿԼĵλǿԼѪͳĨɱӡˣѹסԳЦΪ񰲹ù˵ȥڡ
һֱû̧ͷ̧ͷ
Ǹڿϴ̫̫˵İ־ηԿڿ˵ϲܳ谮Ҳ԰乬Ȧ겻ŲʣΪ̨ǿӲ̬
ТׯĬһʱЩʡ
ūڡӦѭ浸ء
ТׯֳĬˣǵǸ޼ɣ֪ߵغС𣿡̧ͷ
˳ӵӦ
ѽТׯ̾־ȥӿᣬӵ޽ӣڵɵ۲ѡҵСˣôƯˡ
ƯһǡڰοɡƯʹϱ߼ˡҲ˵ֲڵԾؿԼۡΪ˽ڣһʶĹװ㻪£Ϸǿª̺ڿôԼϸ˶ᡣ
ǳŻ˰ɣТׯһᣬ鲻ΪΪӦʵۣȦʱһҪŲʡʵĽݣͷʹǰǡʵֻҪ룬Գ棬ֻͷȥԸһҲôҲӿʣĥȥǣܰȵҸҸ
ǰĻ壬һټôݵӣɷôôزҩȻӲѸƤСƳ⸱ӣδǼ¡
ڵˣû¡ƽ˵
ǳ𡭡ΧϽǵġѸԺܶǰɶȦȺڴˡһ̫ҹǰ㣬ۻ軨ټϴȼڵļԷǵͷĻŭڼΪʲô˰ҹ㣬ͷһģƬϽУûаͺҹģֻй¼ź;ֻʹߵ˶ûУǻĻֻ˵档
ҲøѾּȻջ٣ؽʱǰؼҡ
л¡лڶ䡣Сػش
̫ܵТׯۣɡҲûؼңǫĵؾջˡ۾΢΢һТׯЩڵͣסڣ̾˿Ȼȥɡúٽҡ
ΪҲʹڿǲСЦˣôôٶۡ
˼׼תȥʱТׯֽסԹϣԹ𣿡
վֱӣԥ˵
ŶТׯ봹С̵޵ʹţϵ
ڣū澶𣬶˺ܶСʱ򲻶ĵūĸлϡڡܵĿ࣬ʧȥţʧȥ˵ŵļˣʵ̫΢㵱ҪҲӦģūѾܸмϺڴΪ˵Ķˡ
ϣ˵Ļƽ⴫δ䣬Ѿˡ
Ͻʩд񣬱͵ס
ˡߵ£ТׯԹΪβʹͨЦЦֳô룬乬û״
ǡͷ
ȥɣԺ󡭡Ϊ֮
˳ȥΪ֮Ϊ֮Ⱳѵʾһ䡣
תſڣûﻹվһˡŹ⣬Ŀģɿشͷÿģ֪˭
ʹֻôһ˲
վסүǸһȣӦ¿ͷ
ˡ˵겻˵ǹʮ㣬ݣرҹС
׼ת
ҵ⡣ʹҲΪԼ˶Ȼѡ˵ǰųȥݵ֣޲Ѵ壬ִʵطֻǸôĳƢ겻ɢ޳ܳղΨûƽеڶ˵ô仰ֹĳ룬ȴ΢Цһ¡
Ԥ׵һ飬Ȼ΢Ц




2 ؼ



ڹǽĹÿһߵúСģһɣҪܲסԼ
ˣû߳ƾɵԺһ
űߵСſڣȻϲˣ֮ǰʱֻǾˣڿֱͳ˸İˡɣϰڼԦȨеѾȡʱɬú
ֻ̾﷢̫̫࣬˭ʱģ
ҲڿЩȵĿ֪һڸ̾¶ǵĸı䡣ͷ΢Цȴ֪˵ʲôԭӦúϤˣָˡҲû˻⡣
ȿ˿ڣ˵ؼңصظһ㡣Ϲܼ˵
һᣬڻûסԼ첽ܳصſڣܳϽǡ
𱳶ͺ˵ȷˣһ䣬ϵΪͻȻĿһţ񣡡˲ӭܹһѰ
壡ҲסСʧΪˣȴڼѾһʵʤ
ӡܿˣ޵ݺᣬʡ
Ҳͣ˿ᣬ̶ôȥǰȰ壬Ǹ˵ӣô޸ͣ
Ҳ֪ʧ̬վãɤ˵򸾶ǸϰٰչˣǺ˰
֪ſȸǫȦΨֱ֮ΣܵȰ裬ٲѩ̿⣬Ϊ鶯˼촽лĻû˵Ͼһ䡰лл̫ᱡˡ
Ҳ˵мĻϳؼȥɡһͷȥ㣡
ϣ̲סƿ˳ֱЩ̰ŷֵĽֵˡ乬ĵδĵǰĻʢƺ¥޷ƵĬĬܵĿ̹ǹ¼Ŵ˿ЦĶԱȻɣȻи;ҡ
ʳǲԶʱ㵽ļ԰ͣ£¶ʮϤſӭС˻
˹˹ĸۡ뿪ǰɵҪãźΧǽ޷ιȻڲס¾ɣưܡһϸӭˣʶҲġ
С߶Ϊյ⣬ǫʵǰԣ
壬һ·ȥһҰɡȻɴۣϻڹġ˿ڴ͵ۣıˣǰϲˮɫڴţ޵ɫʮֲڡ
ŶˡүһӺܶలӣǻȥˡ
˷˻ǰᾸΪӣЦЦӣԼҪΪҪ˼ҲµĻʰ׵ΪĹۣǰһһǳСӣҿģҲүˡ
ţûˡص˵ͷЩۡ
ŶŶǿطϢæҵк˶ж˾ְԼһʶСѾ·
СѾ߽нʮ꣬Ǻ˵ҪųģȻڿ죬ϾûϤеŻŵġ
ķ仹ӣʰú࣬춼ոµġȥôůĴ̡Ҳܾûɹˡۣȴ˯š
˷ܡеᣬãȻ
ڰʱ尾Լܿ뿪˷Ĺĳˣ֪ԼЩʲôЩʲô

۽һȣֱ£ԸȢһҪúϧգмˣкӣٹµȥˣΪµĿ£̫
ֻǣԸȢ



3 Χ


̼ؽȥԺּʱܵһ󾪾壬᲻ǻϺˣҪץȥ
̫Ӳ͵ظߴ٣ٽּܲ
յֲŻɿݽּּܲ۱ϹϾعڵأץȥʥּù۸Ȩѡ޷ܣġǹӡ
ּܼ򵥣սӵּ׹̫̫ͬ󡢻ʺһȥΧԡ߸ߵؾֹͷּ⣬˵Ϣ졭ʥ⣬м˼ĸܡ
̫ߺ󣬺˲ѣ˵ڻҸ񣬴ȶƵҺò÷Ϊװڼ˴γΧԴѡſζԴΧĻһ״ᣬ׼ĶһЩȻǲ۾˭ҵүӢ䣬ԼŮ䡣СǸ˷ܲѣǿô࿡һԣֵúüҹ˯ž
Ҳ˷ܹ
ΪΧ۹⣬ɺ壬Լȥ˾˼ҪӲװΧǳ鷳ϣ߹ҲãܿΪľĴ磬ֻԼ֪ôĴǰ˶ٱԹͰ۲Żģûĸףûĵ֣еŬȫԼ
Ů黳ɭİĥľˡ
ʹԾǶΪĳԣ˺ܶס氮ƥòԺĵλֻҪ޸ͲپѿˡǸ𣿳ԻĵƯòͰȻ߹ġģӽģ
һеһУŮǳ̰ʱʲôǰ飿
ǰΪԼˣЦż޸Ͱȫ˰ˣٱ˿ˣû뵽ΪʲôҪȢ
ʼʱΪĹľȢҲҪط̫̫վӲˣǲģҪڿȼ乬ꡣˣôھͻӲˣҪԼɡ
ÿԼ˵ʲô
ʯ
û£Ҫ׼ˣҪȢȨѬ죬һɹŹˣأ»ʲôǸĸ˫Ŀͷ޶û٣ϣ޵úһƸ񱻷˺˶񣬻ʵ۱綼ϲ
һϲһŮˣϲҪˣһѣأҪ׼սˣԭǰ;ׯүΪ͢ˣΪ̫ڻʵۻĹһȦ
һеϣˡ
ҹΪһӶ޷ߵĹǿ֪ǵ˲ڻȨ˭İλߣ˭İҪأɣΧǸ˾
ˡǣ
ΧеˣڸӺյģҪŮˡʲôûУɫŪǿΧϵŮˣǿϣıòţǿɽ
ڡһֱǺܳ谮ġô࣬Խ̡ϵᣬ˭ڸȻĳ֣ͽЦ̸ʣڻҪȥ˾ıһ̫̫
ȥҲô˫۾Ҳͬһ΢ԼСƾ缲衣ܷڵĺ⣬ܡҪ
ȨĿ£ѴѾ̫
ʥּĬĬ˼ãкѣһִЦݣֻйŴ
ӿŵĴӺЦǸ֣е֣൹ܺͰվѾˣ˵֣·ģмشִİױװ
ʩϣЦ˵Ǹ֪ҲҪȥΧū޴硣
ΪʲôôƴˣΪм⺣мҲм
СɣͷмңϽ°ʦ̡ҲĸԸضھǰ䵱ʽһһСͷϳȥ
ӾԺ󵽵ʲô٣еģܣůʽĮѾҸˡ
˯ţ˷ܡǳҹҵĴɵĿֻŻûˣһԼѾһƬ𺣣Ҳȵľһʱỹɢȥǲ̤ʵ˯
ҺýѵҲ磬Ǻ˷ܣ춼û硣κ﷭ȥò⡣
񣬻Լѡɡ
ӹһκУװԭǧռ鱦ڿף
ʱΪ鱦ֻҪ󣬹ݺ͸ˣһֺĺ챦ʯͷۣǵǰԼϲͣװ⡣ЦЦںﲦ˲ֲֻѡڴ͵κܺãȴǴģ䱦ɫ·
ȥԺժ䵭ɫĻҴϰɡԸ
񣡽ͷĹ񶼻ȥȥЦģü
ЦЦѵôȥ˼ҾͲЦ𣿾㡭ȥ˼ҾͲЦˣͲ
ֵ곤мʶ˽һɫߵȥɣȥɣժǳİɣԽԽá
΢Цͷ
ǰԺصˢͣſڵʯûп塭ңһȥɡ
ͷк˱ȻȥμΧԱȽ֣񵱳˵ԼԸҲܵʧ
ٳ̫ͨؽֱȥΧ
ĳȵΧҵĸ񸣽綼ˣԶԶȥľ׵ΧɫƮƮ۽ĿĿŮɫĿ뺷񿥣ǲʱ쾪Χ϶ĴģЦһǵΧԳ档
ԶԶؿһС̫Ĵ£ɡڷȥ
ⷱǸˣǣǰҲǣֻʱڶϡ



4 


£Žصˣͷ̫棬ʹؿҲ֪е˶ڿܣţǼٵġҪԵһУֵЦһ£Ҳĳͷɡ
ôТׯȥߵݣָߵʾ
Ӵ㻹汻ųˣһʮַ˵Į̱˿˼̫̫
Ϊѿ̩֮Ȼ̲ס̧ͷȥ˵ˣҲΪȷǾ浡
ţųˡЦЦ
˵ǸϵĵҪôøˣòӲڣﶼɥĵūźƭȥ˵ŻЦ˼
ˣģТׯʵ̲סֹüһŭŮҲû浵Ļһ໥˵Ц
浡۲ȥӭƵĿ⡣̫͵ϵ´ķз˲ĸľ˺ܴĴֻû뵽̡ǰǰǹϲġڶٰͣҲǾõ޹ңоǷɡ
ʺϣТׯǿЦź͸ļλ˵ѸղŵβǿżղоǼֳСˣ¹찡һתۣǴˣҲඡ
¹ÿ죿ꡭһһ
һûϣһʶĸЦŽӿڣūҼү꣬һģڻǵģ
Тׯ˵Ц㰡߶һôᶺҿġʵ˵ҲŻˣһֱûš
ϸϸǸۣ˵ģӦǵ񰲴ùһźڵŮӦ磬ΪϲָŶףɷ򻹵˲ܶҲһƷھǰӦùõֵڻǶҪ¡
أӦ˼ӣм־ϲϽԸѾߣȥս
ļλ͹ȻԼүĸȤĿ⡣
ơͷܶؾǨˣôԵÿͷ
ѾģǸʮµˣĬĬغȲ裬ûϸΧһƬҲûȤֻҪ˵ãȱ첲ҲҪ˵ɺš
ððϵͦͱ⡣ǰСӵͳͺʡģգܺã
̧֣ۿ˿վ׵գøɾ㻹мѾΪϵĸȻдáػʳǵĻи꣬ǡô
ǿȼʼˡТׯΪ˷ܵԶĳǶ׷վ˻õǰԼĹͰӣҲһһµıнɡ
ҲȥҲҾһͣТׯЦضŮ˵ŮҲԾԾԡգ˵̫ǣӨĹҪᣬſɲģ
лڶ䡣ãҲòѭȥ̾ѣֲڸƫ۵ʵ̫̫ˡ
ѾͷҲȥТׯļӦ
ŮǵİӺܴ󣬾ҲǵĽǶ߳ҲסǱԶԶؿ߶Ц
İԶ˳ص߶ϣľǾ浣˵ԹùС̫ŵĹԡǰæΧžǰܺ󣬾ȻûúõıԹԭÿ֧ġ
У󣡡һ
ԭΪͷʱȴ־һĵضűмӨӨüεСϧСشף¹ϸ۵С֡
ԼԲ˹һеģȺԶԶؽкá
ӨףżӢˣôĹﾹȻһаģ϶ΪֹľǵĽкһƬ浵ıҲ͸мˡ
ȻζŮ¿̵ġ
һЦҲԼĹһþžһרΪ׼ṭȻˡһһʹ̲סȥѪ˿ǹҶʱһ¡
ѽǶͣ׷ͷ죬ѹˣ
ôôо乬Ļʳܺ𣿡֪˭ֱ׵ؿ̱Ц
ǸЦЦˣԼѾǰͬն˲Ż᲻СŪ˹սѾȫҲ᲻СͰˮüͰ
û°ɣҪȥ˳صձԼĹĵؿϵˡ
û£û¡û뵽ѯʣе˼
С̫ϽһµĹ£ֲʹ
ҵİɣЦԼĹֵصݹҲãֻεЦһ£ӹǿ
ز¶ˣϼԣԣһԿսֲ˼־ץ¶䣬СǵһЦ
㲻Ҫץסë
Ҫץסë
仰ܾǰ˵ǲͷһɣĿطȥбб䵽Ĳݵϡ
ϧ̫̾żˣ׼ͺˡ
ллѹС̫˵ٳԼҪȥ˿ҩ뿪Գ


5 


ţΧǰһľףƹƬС𡭡Сӻڣûиɺԡ
ͣסŲ滺ˮһʱ粻ζͬ˾ñطѡǼǰܵû˵ĵطżɽºɫԺÿΧҪһҲҲһ
ĬĬߵӱߵµأҰãṳ̂ɽҰʮɫ̾Ϣʵÿ괺컨ֻ͡
Լ˼ܽϤϤǼ˵ĽŲ˵ЦѾߵ̫ܶ
Ǳǰеζˣû˼ǸСıǿˡ
˭ܶв֡
һǾǰཱུͦ˼ȻƢᣬŪҲеһ˵Ļ˵ĺЦЦ
ŪϴأԼĴȥˡΪˣ⼸˵Ц޼ɡ
ˡ˵꣬ڣƾǸλôζŮȣϺõʣӨ˶޸ǿӨϹҵǿ׹ûǿ˴ûı
˹ĶЦ塣
˰ɣôͼӨǵѡ峯úÿ˶ȥˣңҾͲ˵ԼҲЦˡ
˵øˣȡЦ
ɱǰԼȱŮ˵Ӱ˵ˣڷųҪżҡ⸱ǵĵбڿ϶˵Ǹɨ
ʲôһںЦҲǸƷλ͵ĸ񣬺һ˼ңҲֻССģĲรҲ㹻
˷꣬ߵӱϴ֣ŷºŵ㶡֪˭˵˾ƥεлǶĿбӵ˳Ǹ̸εϴˣûٿһۡ
ŶգڰʱֻܿĹǽиôһС죬ͬһƬƺþòƮ
µĿֻҪѾˡ
нŲĺܼʱ㹻ʱ㿪߱ĴڣϾĶԻҶΡ
վºѾضԻ
ȥ
죬ת£һһŮС޺һҰȥժ̵ĺĹӡ
ΣգϽܹȥȪϵ£ǾүСŮǰϲһ档
㣡СһĿɿڴؿ𣿡
ţšͷҲ֪Լڼʲôǰ˵Сˡ
㣡һһҵ˹һһֻ첲§ס㲻ȥ˺Զĵطڻˣ
ȥ˺ԶĵطǺԶ
ҪģͻȻɬر飬ǸԲõģᡣ
ϲ𡣡¿յ˵
ӱϾǺӣһ˵ǰȤ¾ͻԼղѹʲôǰҲˡ
ȥժЦЦ
ȥȪԲô
ͺһƤƺֻһЩüװֵ⣬ţ˼ȥһץסһȽϵ͵֦ΧԣƽСѥ첲һʹɵһŵϣѾɵķֲ档
ۣðޱȳݡ
ЦЦվȥժȽϴͲ׳ݣҲʮǿ
ǸʲôأһӼĵͺȣŵܵһɵķֲ档
վˣ̧۵Ө죬ǺǵЦȻһĻʮȤҲЦЦؿϵߵݶƳۣǶԱɣ˵ȴܴ󣬡ǰһϲϵͣǡ
ժӣûǣ¹Сά˵۵ݶ
üȵ
ȳƺεϰߣ徲꣬ëȻûĵ
˵ͷȷʵ̫ûˡ
ǰһЦҡҡͷץһЦ˼
ôô
ۣ߸һ˿Ц⣬乬ѧģҵԺ
ݶɣ鶼Цݶʧʱ˵û״ѧô³
£ǰɡ
ڼįʱкֵľٶȥֱָߵΪڸһĵطһաʱῴŮ̫߹ڽԷϸ˰ϸԺ﷢;һϲԼô˵ϲãЩ˲ᶮ
ŽӨһӣȥɣΧԿʼˡ
˶ܣȪҲϲȺǰ棬ոǼӿ˽Ų˻ȥ
棬Ż˽ŲվסĬĬؿ뿪û˻ͷкϣû˷
ЦЦǶ²ȤǵҲȤˣΪЩ˺Сʱϲ¡
ڵɶһˣԶտգܣڰ˺ܾãܾá



6 


£̲ݴɫҰָۣḧһɫСϸĻꡣԭһԥժ£ڡ᲻á
ļɫСӰһһԭĸôżֻСñŽŵǱӴܣǶ밫װ׵ëɫôۣҲˣҲǾԼȫˣǶӿ
ĺܼ󾪣ӼͲμҲܵΣգһɢĴӴܡһֻСñ֦סˣĸ˼ȻͣڷСߣƺһա
ıһᣬֱֱ಻Եʱ򡭡ϣҲһܵǰˣϣԼĸĸڣ
ԼҲǷˣҲĸõľٶĵǿҵĿΣȻΣճȥСò١
Ⱥ͵Хһͬ
ֻø첲ʹһһСŰӰѾɿûԣ˿ãǼƫˣֻǼɨĸ첲һ۾͹ȥˡ
Ѿһŭɫش߬ԼĹһû䣡뷨跨ģ뷨跨ע⣬ֿƸһã
ûõģԹڵأʹͷЦҰ˳ɲзҲûãҲаھΣԼ֪֪Ҫͷƫƫ첲Ҫˣ
ͷֱϵǰڵľʹԼ˵ÿһˣ˵Ķԣ֪ġ
˵ͷòʾĸ룬εȷ̫³çˡǰõĿ̫࣬棬Ϊɡǰÿ̱ؿû֪֮С
˻ķӦһתߡ
磬磡һ潹ط
ôô£
ȥɣӨˤˣ㣡
˫һصתͷûһʡĵģùɿغȥ
һ·ǲȵǽĻ䣬Щۡ
ˣԼܣɨĵطһѪƤûƣĳһѪݡҡվûϵֻҪѪݣѪųͺˡ
߻Ӫأ̫ѯ˰ŸԼӪʣΪڵʵӪʵĵƺܺáֻǣҲӨƵӪ˨źüƥţ洫Ө͵͵ĿİοȻ˵ʲôҧ촽֪֮УޱȿİοͣסŲĬĬȰҲˡ
ڶڣ۵ĻۣΪԸοһʹ
̫ҽͷһ㱡̧Ĩһ£λӨ湻˵ģ罫ȢҲпͷԣֻϲƵƤаסŵҪ̫ҽˡ
һתۣվбڷɫԣעӣ΢΢ЦЦ촽ǰ׵ģ
û°ɣ߽ϸɫ̫ˡ̫ҽ˳㿴
˳㣿Цҡҡͷ鷳ˣûµġתӣ˿ʺһʮִĿ
ȵȣ뺰סȴͷҲصؽ
ôˣӨüֻ̧ûü¡
Ǹˣ̫ҽҲ벻ΪʲôҪܾ
ˣüǼ̫ҽһ°ͣȥ
̫ҽӦ˵ϳΪ˿ڰɡ
ڸոյֻҪѪݾͺˣαشС֣ЦСˣذɡӣѪݾڻ̰̺棬ªÿԡ
ˢÿһһӻһڣѪݶʱˣѪȾȹӡϿӣ̱˿Ѫϣһʹ
Ѿ̫ҽȫˣһľȻĶû˵Ϊݵ̫ˣ޷ֱġѪѾ˿е͸˳ǿƣҲ˱Ǯ
ȥƳ׵Ը̫ҽ
̫ҽҩ߹ȥһʱ֪ʲô
Ҷ󱻹ҹˡĵ˵
ۣ졣
ۣһĪ
̫ҽԥһ£֣ѪһСĵȥӡ
֣Ϊۣǿ̡ôѿĺۼκ˿
̫ҽΪǲ˼εؿľʾ˼
̵
ҧ촽ϲû̾Ϳʼˣֺ⣿̫ҽһ˿Цݣ˵ͷ
̫ҽÿʱ˶Ծصһ
Ѫģ˿ϷԭӨСһİ̺ۣƤŤƺ¶⣬̺ﻹЩںڵɫһ£ϾԸⱻ˿ĳªֱ׵ر¶ǰ漴̹Ȼشۣɣʵͳ󣬶ûӰ졣
̫ҽ˿ڣСĵΪţˡǻ̵İɣ
šƵӦ
̫ҽԺλİ̫ҽޱԹľ̿ҶûʰɾĹҡоԼʧԶ໰̫ҽס͡
Ц£Լʰģֱˡ
̫ҽ˿ڣϸĵӣҲ̫ҽһͬն˸ллλˡ
ޱؿû˵
ȴЩ˼εЦ֮֮ͣ͡
Ӻɰóһӣ̫ҽѾ̫ˣ乬ǰ̫ҽ̫ҽˣ»ز̫ҽϼѣֻܻۡ
Ϊй̫ҽҲƴǣл̹Ȼ£˳ȥ
ЩֵؿۻվľգЦЦҲû˵ʲô
˼ҲˣúϢɡ
ӣȴ죬һ˳ȥ



7 ϰ



Űһ˶İһҶϥƤ÷мûǰŮĴζųţŮһƺرϲİţżŮռˡ
ֱ̫̫ߵڶλãֻԷġҪǸλõģҲ⣬ֵһλãʱʱƳһۣλοǰƵġ
һֱͺ;ǻ˺ϲΪĹϵ浸Ҳ⡣
ĲˣϺڶԱߵλûţ̫๬ŮʼȲˣӨŸھ߽񣬱СŮ̫̫λãҲЩִ٣̫ˣתӺ̫̫Ө˵ʱ򣬸첲
漴ĵĵһЦڹеѯӨ飬ѯʾԵս˭Ҳûע˭Ҳûк˵˼ӹˡ
æˣһֱ޲ãٿϯھԱߣǷ£ЦлתһûεӰֻģЦ£˵ͷ
زеĬĬתȻѾϰˣôϤţǻܡ
ҪúòɫáһֱںӨ˵ТׯͻȻѻϣΧΪڵ仰ϸش˳ص˵ͷ໰
ߵɣ˸߲ҵŤȥͱĸ衱˵Цÿÿײüԭϯ䲻ܲ˵Ť˵ϵ˴鷳ֲǰŮǺüĿص
룬Ϻڼ򵥵˵˼ֿϯΪ˶գû˲źЩΪѵؿ˿Լǰ룬ˣ޷ͣôѿãǰͷСһţܺóԣڶ
ôԲˣ͵͵ĺС˵лô˲شܵһ£Ϊ
ѽߵӨεرԹһתľߵ˵ʲôЦЦù룬ԼϼЩ˵ݻ
ĿбӵؿԼеı⻹εؿǴͷ̬ͻȻԼЩ±ӣŷǰļ̲˶Ǵ⣬ЩزˣζԶֲáӨþСѾؼ˿⡣ҲеЩľ浺ݶǺЦñֿƳ
ػؿһۣԭô嶯ʤǵһƣǲᣬҲʾǼôߡ
ôһۣ浺ݶ㶣ƺû뵽з
һı׼ߵݣĸ衲֪˵ʲôɣǺǳЦŤŤȥײðѱϡûؼϵıҧһڣŮĳԭûע⵽ٶҲΪ˵Īعע
һ£ǰһŵŮ˾õϵʳѾˣ͵ڵûֱǱôҲЦſΪ乬񣬼˵ʳԣͺͷˡ
Ȼ˲Źġ
乬˾ǲһ͵ЦţԸղһ۹ڻôϧʳ
һ˶øָ۹ۿЦТׯȴֲʱ˵ʲô
죬м۹ڵسİűһЦǰһ⣬ҾǾú㡣㣬ɽ亣ζʲôڳֻ̣ʳ
һЦ˳
㣡浱ҭõۣյЦգ̱Тׯ俴һۣǱ۹ɷ£죬ûҼ˵
úóԾͶԣ⺢ݵۡ񰲣ɽʢһ롣
˶ЩȤؼԼģϯ˵˵ЦƸղΡ
Тׯ˵ϯѾ뿪ˣϯҲûע⡣
ѾĻѣܵĻһ£˸Ƨؽ䣬ʹԼŻѿسҪټ־塣
ȪСúóԷҲϯΧŻȥ˷ܲѡ
ӨҲվý̫ܰ˵˵Ż߹û
˿Ҳ׼뿪Լ
Ȫۼ⣬ߺһ㣡
ԭѾ߹ȥľӨͣסŲ̾ԼȥȽϴݵߵʱһ涼Ҫѷ˼ʱ򡭡ȴǶ㲻
ȪܹһһֵסȴûôȸԾػ࿴Ų˵
Ҳ극һͷؿĸ첲ȴһ·׷յݶ׷ոӣ
㡭һЩȪԥԥ˵˵궼乬𣿡һڸĺӣܶԴ˵пֲĵطʮֺ档
ˣ»˦ݶ֣һ߹԰ǽҲи£𳤴Ƶģ
˾һۣŬѹס
¾˸һۣˣȻҲ֪˵İ
㣬ԺóԵģɿ֣ҴҵԼĺɰڵó۽СΪóԵĶ˿һЦ
Լ԰ɣ㲻ԵġֹĹĵСֻкӲŻôϿҵͬɡ
԰浲ĵЦû𣿲𣿡
̲ס˵ʲô߹üҡҡͷ
̵شͷ˼;海ͻ˭˭ԿվҲ֪ڸġôˣǰ񶾵ĳҲŰ֮أôԾغ;浽ƽϣšǰܺ;Գϰߡ
ϰߡܶϰߣΪĵˣʵڡ
һЦԳĮǳԲͲˡ



8 ҹ


һƬĴǵʹѣ˯бѣһۡǻһǶȼ˻棬ڵĿǰľŤˡ
Ⱦң
ɤѾǺˣǰĶҪɤĳˡ

ںˣ˻ߣǡûһ˾𺣣Ԯ־Ķˡ֪û˻ˣֻܿԼס־壬Ѿ˫һʱֹ¼ŵıֻԼܶӳŻǿˣŻ̿˸ǣþˣһλĺܵø첲ȥ
ۣ޷ݵۣ
ң˭ܾң
ڿ־;ʹУȻ֪û˻ûܱһһѣһ˺ǻѾõ˿ڡ
ûСԶûС
ԺһǣѶֻ̫ܹǿһۣ˵ܳͺáûʹû˰οĿ־壬˶æžȻǸڰĽɪɪ
¶һ̣еʵᡣ
رסԼ˫ȣСһţӱ̱Ƥʱʹ°ͶµݶÿȫʣϣȻѾ΢ͬĻǣǶԺſڣϣȾϣһˣġ
ȾҡȾҰɣ
ȵģѾ¶մ顣

ץס˫ۣҡΡ˫۱ſ壬Ǹεģ𣿣ˮ޷˵ò
ŻˣŻˣҺۣҵĸ첲ۣˣ˵仰òοò˵Ŀ־ͿʹҲܺá
ûлûлˣ
ץס˵֣ˮңߣ뿪
جˣۿǰȫģ
ȫ£ȥܡĶһʱ̻ˣ˼һ־Żѣһŵڹؿ
һݣָʶΧ񡭡Ǹˣȴײһ˫峺ͬϧ۾Ư۾׺˼㣬ͬӳ̶ǡ
˲һյ۾
̿أѾˣֻҴŶ̹ӣﻹų
ޱؿϵպЦһ
һ̣žԼץյĸ첲ͷźۼɿ֣ȴûü˼ߡ
ץ̿𣿡񰲴ùöˣȻûΣҲûʽ۹ӣ߽ʱһǶׯ֮žԼֻ£ͷɢۣǱʧǡ
͵Ƴŵʹͷûʲô̿ͣҺ
㣡񰲴ùô֣Թ񰡣ɰŻˣ
ɻ̧ͷ򣬡ּˣѯؿգղΪȻ΢Цͷ֮⡣
յسһԴǳֺмУԼסʱûʲôھͳɴ鷳ˣֵҹ˲˵ΧӶˡ
Ҫû˾ȥǶɣ˼ҰҹôĺУŵû£Ϊ㱻̿ˣүҲȥǶ˵һղŻôˣҲŵùǺΪڳʲô¡ǣü˵򷢴ɨһۣҲϽȥҹʲôӣȥͱŵ˵һ˯˰ɡ
㬵˳ȥв֮ɫҲ봳ģ񺰵ôңΪأûϣһԹԩ
֪Ȼùûֱ˵ǵ鷳ǰǽ̵ָϳˣ񰲹ùԭͲϲڡ˰ɡ
Ҳȥˣļͷֵҹ¾ͽҰɡ
ͷмЦЦ
밲лʵ˳Ƕ̾˿˯ôһΣȫӪص˶Ҫѡ
մһΧѲһȦѯʾʹӦ䣬߽ǸҲ˺ܶ鷳
˯ˣջʾѲ飬Լ߽Сѣˮ£Сص˱ˮС̡
£ЩΣܺãⲻȥˡ
£ƺȥ˯ĿԣǲǰŻԺˣֵʣˣ򳰷ޣ̹Ȼɵص˵ͷսãҲ֪ôϸˣ¹ȻǧģĬĬЦЦ
ûµģһӾͺˡСʱҲ˯ʱŹȻҲͺˡ
Цŵͷϲ죬ȻʶãѾӰֿȳûôƣЦʱЦˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
Сڹⳤ󣿡Ŭһ⡣
šЦÿȣ¶װ׵ݣЦ峺Ѿֳصĺ񱻺ůķ紵
ˡҪԶҲͺˡ
ȻЦ˲̾ˣͻˣɡüǸԸ֣ҲܿϧҲôЦˡ
մҲĬ˻Σͺ˵һЩķ˫磬ĵ˵˰ɣѾǲ˱ձɸ߸ߵһ⣬šΪûձ⾭סܻɴһ߶סձѣǺǵЦţ㿿ɣزᵹˡ
ĵؿձ̺ϣűĬĬؿĵǿգþˡûо̤ʵȻֻʱҲԼҪԣҹ̫ˣôšһҲá


9 Ȼ


ɫԣڻϡĳлౣô峿˼ů
ϴ߳ԼҹʱԸؾ£ñƽʱǰ
нϨĻѺ
Ÿ߸ߵձ棬ȴһţ޶˾͸ĸоͷ῿ձ棬һձߣ˲սȭͷԼĪϧھΡ
Ȼİ
΢Цʱƽؿʱܶʵش̫ҽʱϧسԵ˵ʳʱû̫Ω˿̡Ȼ֣ᣬҲǸʮߵСû˵ôĻô£ûƤûĺԹȥ˺ݡ
۸ˣ˺ˣô
ֱϵ˿ڣҹĺü漴ĮչһкʲôϵҪȥ̫̫ôҪҡԹŭô
ǣΪ˰ڵָ飬侮ʯˣǷģ绹ˣ
ˣĮȻԸΪǣƥ
˯ñͲ̤ʵ˵ѣ𽥾£˲Զӹľ
ձҲתĨ磬Ҫؾ
š䣬ӦڣǱףϤĶԼë
ǡյͷ
վô죿պʱ򻹶࣬һֱ˴˸ΰɣ
һν˵ԼҲ˶٣·Сġ㡾
һĮءšһ
İ˰룬Ҫôܺáһ˻һ￪ٱܶȥ
ֻж̶̵һ˲ĻǱʹˡ
ǰô˵ôǫһֻСޱڰٷųʱ򣬱º˳ӡ̥ǵı仯ʲôĿʹӲƳģ
޼٣ߵķ绹ǴȥҹĺȾҡ
ȥΧŮȴûͷһܣּ棬ȥТׯźϴТׯһҹδߣźϢҲûܿȺûƴǡ
źǸͲСŮߣһо
תѾ緹ʱ䣬ǾһҲˣŮҲƣ׷׹˯СŮôʱҲҡҡλΣǸȥ´Ϣ
ΪԼ˸򵥵ķ٣˷̣ϰԼ¡
ӪѲߵӰȻ̫ѾЩˣůϣ˶ģŲСӣʽɣ΢Цˡ
ںӱߣˮȣ̲סץЩСʯӣһһŵˮУССˮ̲Ц¼ųƵѧĵ飬ȻĻ
һʯ꣬׼ټʱƳһ˫ѥӣһֱֱ̧ͷȥѥӵˡ˿ͦϣ۲ſò
סôǻؾ
Ͻվˣٰ밲ʵΣһʱԭء
ĬؿǳˣȴΪϸĺͼӶԵñǰӽСĽëصˣǰ봹ţʵڵסĴ۾˫۾ͺƯĹʷǱǰˣȴ֪ôһ˵ϣƱ΢ƾǿ
㡣ֽʱԼһշꡣ˲ٿ࣬ǰҪȥʳ䷳һ֮룬ҲЩ֣͵ɣһΣ
ʲôûӡ
ǣһߣʮֲõ˵
زһ£˵ܾԶļ䱻ˡ֪鷿ȻϽӼϣĵǱ᷿ڿ߿һ飬ȥſıϣ§סĲӣһԸ
ǳҪ֣˵̫๬Ů˲ͳ
ҪЮǲɿǵſߣظˣϣôܴסԵĶڽͷʱʶ뵽ϲԵġ
ɬЦˡ
սʱ͵һϲǲǾģΪֻ߹֧֧ᣬΪĬϡ
ϸպã᲻óԣҪںʱųһš
Ů̫ԺĹسЦ룬֪ܣ֪δĻ˵ֻҪ˼ңĸףȻȳ죬ˡΪ˰ȻҪϳȦġ
šᷳȻ̶ֳȣ
ֲãҹΣβһۡ
ʱʵѾ֪ˣǲĵǲǾġ
ˣҪٳҪĥԼ
ϣǲţࡣóһǷŽͣÿ࣡ǾȻȻ࣡Ϳ
аٳһšô࣡
ǶǽʱʵӴˣҲˣΪٻζֿ࣡
ллǰǣѾˡ
ᷳһüԥذֽ˦࣡ʵڶ࣡
硣תȥʱͻȻסһ£ƺôƺϤģԶģñŤ
Ϊת⣬Ҫ˵ࣺûһ˿øУȥڣԺ
ǳǳЦЦĻĪʹ΢Ц
磬㡭ھΡ˵ڰοһУǾȡҷл乬һܻ̹ȻһЩоҲЩ
Ĭ
磬һֱûлҸĸµļҲ
תͷߣ˵Ļһ䶼
ȥıӰͻȻе̹ǵıǿıӰ
һν硱
˵Ķ˵ˣȻˡӴˣİˣûôĹȥҲн
ٿʱ򣬻ƺү


10 



ڻɳ·֨֨¸µػн˴·Ѿۺ̫ˣ˯ȥʵ̫ѣԸƣ
񰡣Ҫȥ˭еԹʳĬһߣߵɫȴմΧҲúϢһҪТϣΪźǼòû뵽ô
һ硣Ʈ
Ŷͷݰɣ񱻹乬ôʱ䣬ʲô˶ܼһȥ̽Ҳ֮顣
㾡ӿٶȣŵĿĵءʱĵ·ûʹųԶһƬ׵ľ󡣲ԶйڽУʯ׮ڶߣҵ
վʯǽıʿߴʣϽʹ˸ɫӸǣǲشӦΪȥͨϸԺ䣬ЩͬԺȫʯ׾ȻǸľʿפá
ȥɣȥɣүȥءһӶЩضƣٺٵЦš
Ͼ˼Щ첽߽Ժ
;ֵڵıʿ׷׸ָ·Ժһᣬ߽СԺţͿµĳ㡣ŲȻûֻתĵƳһۡ
磡һԺסˣ֪Լôϳǰʣıү
㿴û飬ûȲˣҲϲ
۾ʹһɱ㣬γҲɱԼ
˿Լ¶ĺͱȷӿ۾ˮѾȴߵ£лҳ˵磬ұųˣ㡣
ˣȻôƯɢȴëȻɪɪűߣҿ
˵ͷЩʾ
ˮһ·ÿʡǿЦա
һƳ
߽ķ䡣ڼªʰùˣס㡣
߷ڿͷϣȥˮʱɨ۴̣Ȼֱ켫̲ס߹ȥȻϣȻ࣬ȴųȻܾûɹפĶЩˣʧƣ˷̴ɨҲ̫ġ
־̫ס
ϽнҲ˼ˮȥıҪ̫ůϽɹһɹ졣Ⱦ˳ıӸϵζ䡣
ۿѱɹȻüΪȻȴҲû˵ʲô
æһƣòУʹ㣬С᷿ϢԺҵһľһĴϵޱ棬ȥҳҲ޻
ĬĬؿ۵嵭αǰġ֪ôôµģ
үߺãС̨ףһڵԺſھĬԵø
̧ͷһͷĿӱϥž㶵ͣס֣ҲȻۣ˸Ĵ졣
үǰЦ֮֮Σ
ȥ̨ӪԳ˵
áĬһŴӦҲվҪսˣûҲ棬׼һսȻֻǳ⡣
Ӧòᣬ뿪ʼʽﱸˡƺЩꡣ
ˮԸȻҲ֪⻰ǳ˵ġ
˵ͷʾˣ߻ط䵹ˮ˳һ磬Ƕ̫ɹţҲÿڿˡ
ụ̂һһ豭С߳ȵһ㣬ڳ˫ȥǸأʵ֡
㿴üͷһ壬ˡ
ӹ豭һںȸɡ
΢Цʣôòȴ赭
𣬰Ѳ豭˦ظ
ҲԹ񣬰صȳҲˮһ߱ӣǫ̃ߣشͰˮϸϴڵ˵Щ£ϴñӣûһİѳźʿûüߵĻϴ·óϴ
ϸذ·Ĩƽɹڳϣ˲Żƽ˲ͷϸܺ飬ػŷѲٽ̸˼
Щ漴ȻЦЦû뵽ܸĻɣ̻ıҪ࣡乬л᲻һӸ꣬ܰĥʱκǳϧʱĵĸһϴ֣Ծ߼챻ϴˡ
ʵû㣬ؾϴ·ֵͦģǶ·ʱȻϰԵؾϴˣﻹʮ̤ʵ
߽ԺӣүЩʲôūҪ׼ĴҰģʲôûС
Щͷɣʲôʲôһߣʦڵġ
ӵͷվԺȺǲѽӪﴵĺŽǣҲ˯ͷʿڷˡ
üʯϴªķˣʮΪѣɫһͿ첽߳ȥ
ų£һȻֲڣԹٱڰĻʳҪáȻ޷ʣȴϰĴֲ赭㲦׷Իķʳ˲Ѿȥ׼ô
ǸʲôģͻȻȵ
һȴɻ겻Ľӣӣѽſˡ
񡭡ɡŻŵĿӣȰʵͺ
ǸؿЦһ£ϰԼ֣ȴġԶһ¡
ҲҲһ룡һԸһСĵѾˡ
һ鳴ЦЦԷԴˣԷȻĬ
һˣûпǳģġŽһζüͷ㡭ͳʳۿ÷ѳԵˣ˵ʲôζ
ʿ̻һرΪķˣȻʽȻģζȻһӡһ̳ƣ꣬һ̳͹ࡣ
Ҳ룬ò˵ҳԺˡ漴ȥŵı졣
͵Ƴʯ°ȴʽķˣԣȴҪɫŵͻȻˤŵôӵϴܵߺ޲ܶ㵽ȹӵ¡һձһ߰΢ЦҡͷȻûĪĻӰ졣
ߣȥͻȻŭضȣҲ
ƨɣսսشߴһ߶Ѿ³һŵıϿ쳷ºϵķˡ


11 



˯ߵĽͻС̰˯ʱԼмУֲһĽֵҹֻÿԼ˯⣬һֱֵ΢
֪;Ҫȥ̨ߴŽҲЩõǵг̡
ϴʰ׵Ϊ;ûųȴѾԲһȭĶǰغ󱳶ˮʪ˶΢΢Щͣ֡
˺ɫضˮźǲ£Щ˼˻طԵֻ̫õͷȥԺװɢòþб緹ҲŻȥæá
Ѿ۹ӣվĬĬȻǹʱǰɫȴɢ٣ԭڤŵ۾ЩʡЩ˸Уǰ׼ǳ̵ļаɣʵı֪࣬Լгȥһ죬ȴ֪Լʱܽѡ
ԷɡΪû͸Ȼ˿ʡΪıȡӲЦˣһֱῴ˵ģԶҲ˵ġ
ľ飬̴ûޣʿʲôʲôΪүǰ˼ˣһԵشڳͷسţ˽˿ʳʵĸоҲġûô࣬Լǰ̲Ųֱߣζֲİˣ̲˾ͷˬڶˡۿ۱ܿòΪڿֺͼɣĽ̫أ໥Ųõİɣ³çˡ
þҲû˵ʲô˰̲ͷ
ʲݵس극ͷԸǣҲæȥԼҳ
ɣЩ
ԥһ£ʱĵٶȣ˵ͷ
ڳĻٶȲ̫죬㣬ůһûú˯ϮԾ§˸ְȫƳ˯ȥ
ЩɻػͷѾԶԶһξ룬Щͷͣס㻺ظſ˯ŵ
鷳üһ
ûᣬɻǰΪһŽҲó㣬ֻظں档
ͷΪ§΢΢󳶶¶ֱ۰̺۵ӣϸǿªİ̺ۺͻûϵļˣһ˺ܶࡣ
촽ûнӻ
ʹ㿴԰׵СΪƣ룬۾¸ֵڣԵøҲһЩɣϾϲ㡣
һߣƳһϵỊ̇üرȻһ۵Įɫȴʼûٴߴټٸ·
Ͼϣǿҵȥ˯̤ʵ
ѹǸɿ§ֱֱۣ塣˯ˣĸ첲Ҫһ·һ۲ɣ
Բ𡣡ھεȥĸ첲һˡԹԼ
촽һ͵Ļȣҡҡͷ
ǰǾǺͷ̨Ĳ·ڲľͻȻ˵ԵЩͻأ
㶣˼ͷ΢ЦԼؾɣǹҪ
Щԥ磬ȻѾڻؾĹٵϣ˲٣Ͼңǵֱ˦°·̣ô޷ġ
ǰվͳȥ˿ɫҲҪЩȻ̨ʲôʱ򣿣
Ҳӱһ˵شյߣúܺÿȴûζү治Ǹ
㣡˦˸СһܵؽסСĶָʹģӦӡ
߸ߵϣӸĸоĵӡ
Ǯ˵СΪͳӶûаɣɬס裬һᡣУȷ΢ȡ
šܲˣԭĮȻ˼ᷳ
ҧҧ촽αغ档¿ˮǿԼЦЦջ֣߸ϵлү͡
㣡ñһָ
үһӴǸɫȸղŻˡ񣬿߰ɣһסվߡ
ʧڹٵתǣYɫпԸǣǷ֣֤ǲˣֱ䡣
˵ԼҲѻƵģһӳϣ˻һ񱼡
ޱؽں󣬾һ󣬻ȥ乬Ժ󣬲֪ôҲһˣҵģ
ٶȣҲ
Ϊʲôú˵㵭˵һ䣬û
ú˵ٲô죡޺޵һߡ
ˡ
һ㶣û˵



12 ʾ



ѾЩˣڴּʱйоվ£̫ɹϣͷ΢΢Ҳȥʱ򣬶ϳһ˿ǰǲͨðʧشȥʵڻҪҲʵȣԺȥڵüɹûɫûء
ҲԼ֪ǵСڹЩ֡ùȷҲֻСϷĺֲǰʾڶмӣ˺޼ɣϣܸ߿һۡⲻ֪֪񣬸˾Ц
񡭡ˡ
ȥɡȻһЦ
Тׯ˿ֻ̫࣬ССһһȻ⺢ӡʵڿڣô˳ɸۣ⸱ҩʵ̫أԪˣТׯЩꡣ
Щ裬˰ɣкԼߵĿ£̲ס־ͷĺ顣
ЦЦҡͷ
ʱסТׯüҲû˺úչ㣡ӹǡһϸӣص԰ȴ淢Сϣúõ
˶٣ТׯҲˣƺǸΣҲǽӼҹӵĵͱ£ҲСˡ
վлΧºǼ˵ĻҪ޳ȥˡ㲻֪˭ôùСɬһЦ˭ȻûҿɽûзޣŬӵı֣һԴҲֻرֻر
ʰߵһƬڷ׷׹ȺеЦ߽Ҳ˳񣬵׼һ˳ȥ
ɣߡѵûЦź˵Ȼ۾ûҲ⡣
ֻ£ΪڴȣŲɵôΡ
˵ЩлͻȻЦЦھӨѾͷΣ
Тׯ΢΢һ㶣е׿ղŲµ⣬ȻЩ̵ѻȴҲ÷Ըã˳ҲΡ̲ؿһ䡣
¾ѳԽϵĲԵΪҪ·ʲɣڽϹְ꣬ǲѡ赭д˵˼䡣Ȼ̫Ҳ׻ϵ˼͢Ҫ׼̣ĶҪǮһӶӽҪһϳֺܶеȥΪǮƣˮж޷ó֪Өİôˡ
ڻ£ǵŮָŶʾֶҲû̫ʵģֻоݵλ˲ĳ඼ùԴɹźգĻҲһֱˡҲƳ˰ɣӨҲ໥ģһЦ˽Ѻ;˵£ϵҲ֪ƲЩ̸ӨҲʮ⣬޾ý񲻸з
΢ЦΪڴȣһޱ仯˵ʱֵȷزһ£Լµؼȣġ
ϲߣⷬⷬɣǵЦ΢΢ʵ϶ˡɵҲˡ
Ҳ̫߹ִˣҲǸŮôһ۶˻ģӣС̫ȥǶûһ仰û̫
ԸٻζסС̫һʡ˵ʲôˣС̫಻ͷطشʲôû˵ֻһʱʧͱˣǸо˿ȴôĿļ䡣ѵû๻ҪЦԼˣ
Ȼ֣ʵ֮ǰѾܶڰʾˣֻʱɵףͷԵһУֲҲûͬ飬ƴ类ĳٶðùҲûá
ڣˣú͸ܺãԺͲˣˡ
ţϲ£ҲóɼˡТׯͷ棬޷ĵ
룬Ͼּܲڳ׼ǰϲ°ˣʺ޶һ׮¡
Тׯͷ
޹ƫĬĬʰԼƷûһʰ׵ˡ˿̵飬ƽĮȻĻѶͺİ˵һ
ûȿڲ裬Ůȥ̫̫ǶЩɻڸղŻԸϢѵʲô£
ûž˵ЦŽ̸пˣ
޹ТׯһЦطŹŮվϲĻߣһӰЩĸССʢĻˮǺǵ˵ЦƽʱЦ񰲹ùҲѵ¶Ц͵˵
ѾͷТׯ˵ͷҲЦתƵЦſ
һ£յĶΪܸлն⣬ʰʱֿ
ŪݡТׯһ߻ؿһ߶Ӧ縣Ц˵񰲾û¡
ūֻϲŪЩӦ縣ǺЦǫֺõ˵
ԵŮ˲Żˣ񰲾ͳԿඡТׯ˵ǵӦ񰲶Цˡ
񰲻˵ū澳һźڡ
Ӧ磬ҿˣ԰ǼûúЩŲТׯߺȲ˵ӦЦӦ
СۼҲóˣһֱ߶ĺӡТׯЦ۰ָָ̽պദӵıŵùǺӽ̵öã
Ӧ縣һ㶣Ȼ̫̫뿪Ц֣صĻüĿ
Ӧ縣׵ɫͽӲǵЦݣﾹȻһǸȻ˵ķǳת׵ĶˡӦ縣͵͵¶յȥ񰲹ùãƺ֤񰲹ùΪεص˵ͷ
ڶĿģźȻġͷҧҧ촽ıɱӡȻ֪޵˼ԿȥѡӦţɮ桭Ӧ縣ٲԸ⣬ܹ鲻
ҲᵽڵΪѣӦ縣ǿҷӦŪšˣѿܿĻԲôػصذʾΪء
߬ȭͷϧڵⷬģٲ˭ҲԲЩãڡ䵽ء



13 ǿ


ҹˡ
ڴϣŲƫСݡǰסڹʱһֱڿȴЩİ
˴볳˯ڴСĹŮ壬μŵˣֲ˼ʹĺҹֻϷӡ˯
ҹգ͵ģȻȲĸԶ䣬ůůķУǶĺҲ
£ңǿգȴпͬϽľĹԷУͬǹСȴͬһա
Ҳ̫࣬ȴѧ̫յϲŭڳֳĹ¼ȫΪյĵĮǽãȻش飬֪Ժٶǿգʲô飿
˭һ䱸ĵͺȣһǰһѲҹ첽׼
û£ǼȥѲӰɡʼǸԸסڿ
۾ӦҲųɶ˳СԺ߱Ŀˡ
ǹ緢ɴϣῡչճĿĻߣëİӰ£峺Ƶ˫ǳǳЦ⣬ա
ҹһģžỹδȥæ̧ĨĨ
աһΣںӦ縣ĶԻӦ縣ı顭Ȼ޷ԭôƽ̹ȻĶʱôƵشҲԹΪѿǷ
ͷȥ
㡭üͳ
ΪɬʹѾ΢Цˡ
㲻𣿡ĵʵ
ЩԾ㶵̧ͷһͬؿĿƺ΢΢һݣҲЩ˼ɿƿ
ǹͬ
һμ㽿Ҷ˵ӨڵⱦŮУͷںڵĳֻ˶µĻȴʧ۵Сʹţ֪Լô쵽ģȻôؿ̵Ľë⶯Ө
ںͶ̸ʱģˮĴ۾ɿƳʱȻŵĹתġٶȡ
Ұ̫ҽѪģ˿ڣҧӣ촽Ϻʹľǿ飬ȴʹġտӨ滨Ҳ˼ϧȴĶˡ
Ĵô࣬ô񶾣ûʱҲҲŴ˵ЦϷʹļ桭Цô̼ĴԷߺ޲ѡ
˵ôʵֻǸʲôûеĿŮҲĴҲŸ޼ɵ˺е̣βǻϵã˭ô˵
봹ҡҡͷΪ⿪ٶɢ˳Ҳ֮Ʈڣһȥһͷ˿˳ڷ
㡭ֵҹ𣿡ҹɫгĬԣʵΣûһ
ֲ˯
һЦֱֱǵ˵룬С
ЦˣҲЦ
ÿЦؿЩơ֪ڵ뷨ɣͻȻЩᣬ֪ˣҲûˡ
ǰ취ֵϢģô죿ա
ҪƲٶ˵ڽ˵ô໰Ĳʱùһ㡣ҽˡ봹΢Ц
š֧һ£þŻҪʲôܲأ
һʹҡЩߣ顣
Ҳһٽס̾˿
÷㲻ˣͲجˡ˵Ҳ֮ǰѾ˵仰ˡ
عͷлЦЦ
һͻȻʲôҴҵתܡ
ת˲ʧҹɫеıӰĵЦˣǸܺõˣӰġ
һܻһǷĸСЦȤ£Ͽû˼Ҫģ㿴ɣЦһЦͲ˯ˡ
ĬĬս顣
㿴ɣҪ˼ϻкܶģҶҪȫǰ˵ð϶
˵ͷл
Ͻҡ֣˵ллѲҹȥˣҲϿݰɡ
첽ȥ̲סٴ̧ͷҹգǹȻ³һҪһֱôǿ¡ͺˡ


14 


ŪݾҪ磬̫ûаɹ֮ǰӦ縣ССĻϸؼֲĲҶ
峿ҶƬϻŵ¶飬żһɺŵķҷǡСӦ𣬽һӦ縣ͽչ԰лľڷǳˣ֣صҪúѧϰͼԵĶʾˡ
˵ûҶ䣬Կһ껨󲻽ǿ֦ͷŵĽ޻䣬ҪҶӺ̬пݻƵģģҶƬȱġӦ縣˵߼ԽԽҶƬƮΧң껨˵ҶҲǺܺõķϡ
һֱ˵˼æռΧɢҶӣڹߺ˰С׼Ҷ
Ӧ縣ţ˵òڻΧ᲻С˵ĸ룬صû
㶣˲ӡ
뿴ĻҪϧࡣлرȻøӦ縣ϸڻ֦ѰҰҶк˵
΢΢һЦǡ
ȥڻµǰΪӦ˹ž˵úܶԡþͻлرһõκζ
΢һ
ǡЦŵͷϸڿʪᣬ˵ֻҲˣûָףõҲģ
Ӧ˿ۣЦһǾޱõ壬ȴûô߹¡
ʪ΢΢һȻõȴûô߹Ǿޱ˵ɡʱʱҶȥûӦ縣İ
Ǿޱʵ̫ܺ󣬷϶ˣˮ˷ˡҶӣӦ縣߸߾˷ˮï֦Ҷûнסˮ飬ڻµʱһͷһ
ûҶСС屻ͻıˮ鼤΢΢ʼ΢ЦżеĻӦ縣̾˿˼ڲ̣
߽԰Цݻôʣæһϣʲôû
ʹ۲̧ЩţǴҹ̸Ѿȥ죬ôʱ䲻֪ǹܻ£ǶӦѾӦ縣Ƕ֪ڵ˼뷨
ûûʲôûֻǾޱӦ˵ĿЩȻ
ƯղΪȻۡһᣬڸ𣿡
Ȼʹ
ôȥɵذִʯӣ֦ô죿Ӧ縣˼֡
Ӧ縣ۿţôζ˵Ҫ֣ﵱҲôģ
𣿡ɻüɡڿͺ˰ɣ޳׵ֺԥȥץ
ҪҶӶȥӦ縣һܲӣƳ۵ڿӰ
ԺӦ縣Ȼ̱࣬ӺɣϵıǼ˵۰ĸʮȤղɭɭĸҲúůĸӵĸɣ۾΢΢ᣬиĸá
ԼᣬϽӦ縣ôգھȻҪôŮȻ⣬ʵЩԲԶĸӡ
˰ɣվҲˣҶҲˡȥǶ˵ɣ̫ˣɹûš
Ӧ縣˿ӣֿüԸҲεһתˡ
ȥϴְɡս³
Ŷá˵ͷѵӦ縣û˵
Ƴ԰ӣ̫ˮ˹ź
ĬĬϴ֣ͻȻʧȥ˵
̫ºССĿյֻʣ
šǸüеΪѵ¿ˮҶѾ˵ˡ
סȭŬʹԼĺƽȣ˵ʲôܵĻҲҪ΢Ц֪ǲ
ҡͷ԰׵Сܸˣ˵꣬Լ˼һװµת߿
ȥķ˺ðź˼
˵ܸˣ
ˢˢ˫˫䣬ô˵ˣǸм
Ҳ֪˿̵ˡǶôȻ֪ԸȢĴۣ޷ҫֵֻܷĳ裬ôֿ˵ˡ
ˮ촽ⲻһγζȴûɬ޷͡
գøм
ΪˣΪƬģΪκζ⣡


15 



һƽʱ򣬵ǵĻЦŮЦŴ񰲹ùܹҲûܵ𱸽ѵŮ̫ææµµذŴСȥеµߵĴѾͷСһһ˶Ƿæϲľ
ТׯĬĬ·ڵزڣӨһʱûТׯеغ˵ټһȺ񡢹ù֡Ů̫࣬ûķݶ
ͣ¡⣬Զе˷˶˸߲ң˵Цƽʱľ浶洺磬ܺغΧ˵Ц
ּҲǰľΧ˳Ƽݳе±ȻԶдսǰıζȺйפϽΪ˼Ӵɹļܺ壬ھŮǵУԶûսǰϦĽţֻһ˷ܵĳ;
ո̫̫;еһߣʱﱸ˳ñ˴ƢΪʮ׵ûϺ
ֻ˸ССİҪҲԾܾմףźƺƵŽصŮ˶߹밲ʱһ󽾰ĥԭ˺ܶ࣬ĨȥȴԵ÷ǿݡĹƺһӱĥҫĿˡ
Тׯϲղ˵ЦǰСŮǷ׷׺ѯ·δϢδӪŮݶ̸ЦݶߺЦȥ
Ż˽Ųաҿ̫ɫˣЩô඼ðĽɬ۹ⶢơޱ˽ΪҲ񿴹ˡеգ͵վ˵ҹɫԽŵֵ§뻳񻱳Ӱûʧִһȣֱ׵ɬ黰
ڵ󣬹Ҳ׷Լĳݣ̫֣ȥ첲ȴرһһ̧ͷȴ΢Цӡ
ôʹôС첲ϵСһ·ЩС㶼ŴСеʳ׼·ǲԡ
û˵ͱһᣬһԾҲ᲻޳úܽô࣬Щߡ
㡭ȥɡ򶨣ŬԼ졣
ˣٺһЦͷЩζȴûʩϡ
Цõ̾˿ղŻװôأԭα¶ˡ治֪ղÿҪðˮĹƼ⸱ʲô룿Ϥա
һǵʱҸЩ͵Цţֱỷ
㣬һͷĺ־Ϊãȣһĺ
Ȱ׶͸硣Թ
⿪С涼ɫصĴ־һΪڣӣ߶ϰˡûҡӦ縣˵ģ챻紵žͻӡ
Щ𶯵ؿһӣġǸ־
ŵһɲҩζʲôζ˿־ġ
Ӧ縣˵ӣðϴͻáЩҶðˮ§ʱգҲضˡ
ỽ
أⲻĮʡ
̫֧֧ش
ھҪ̣ˣһ
أæӦһɿ
ס̵˫գҡ
ϵģǳһʱ̶ִѾˣ
ǣ֪Ҳ⡣
ȥͷһأ
磿һ׵һֵܹ̿սսʡ
һȥڿ·ȥʮ£ģ
ĬĬѵǿϤΡ


16 



̫գЩȣƿ΢紵Ѿ˳ǣ·ɽɫˡԶԶũׯ˿˶ϲó֮С
ڳϣܵˬգڴĩСΪ޷˯ҡ£⽥ϮŴǳ˯ȥ
֪˶ãʵ۾ͿպЦĿ̽ס˫硣
³Ӫˡ뱧³
˳ŷ֣Ϊ˯˳ٳû³˶Ѿ£ͣСƽϡչܵò۲Ŀƫƫպ񻹻Ȼ֣üͷΪʱ俿ڳѳĺӡгԼ֣աЩżգգۣź֪ػһΧǵעӣԸɿ֡
ТׯЦЦΪοؿߵӦ縣Ӧ縣̾˿ӦڵЦεؿ˶һۣ֮֮תͷ˵ȥˡ
һЩ˹ලӪƳһۻվߵա
հƲ죬Ц£ſ첽
һȽȥѲΧ̲ס΢΢һЦƤѧǰװһ
Ļȴ־ڿ㶣ȥЦݡѾ˼ԶúȥԼҸαػô
ĿӵظڵĶ飬Ϊ˵ط֣ôνˡؽˡЦ۾ӵǣⷼĿ̹úҪ衣
ܿϣΪǰһڲûʺӪĵطڶŮ죬ϴ˰쾫ǰУھʹŮǾ͵Ϣ
ӪѡüΪ룬ƽĲݵɽˮһСӪ⼸ԶĹǶ˳ܵӱϷˮȽһ·ķƻϴȥϻҳ
ȴ󲿷ŮӶˣߵӱߣȻӽӪﴶӰϳϴ˴ˮĳ۱ӰĬĬ˻Χ羰乬ϲɽƽԭ׵԰羰ƽ֮С
ϷϴѾϰ߲ʩۣ֬Сʹˮմʪգˮ죬ȻǺǵЦһһˮΧˮϦ΢Цţһûѹʹûǫͣƺصǵʱ⣬ҲôƤõĹ
㵹ͦˡ
Ů۵ɤ˵ֿɲĸо
ûתšֱߵĲȥϵˮ飬ЦҲűȥָĮȻ飬վȥ˵ˡ
ϣĲݶһˡ
̧üЦȴЦüĿݶôˣǿǰ
һµŮǸŭӣ鼫ģ֪ҲųȻͲһǰˡǰ𽿵εεǰܳ㣬ʵҪȥѵʱȴҵȥ
ЦվȺ۵ŮԹ۵ζȻֻЦǲһµġʱڵķǵЦ浡ûǳнѳ̾˿
㣡ݶݺݵһָԶһ㣡
û⣬ڵָ黹ֻ˵ȵĬáҲ˵
㲻Ƿ˷ϲ𣿣ȥϲҲûɣ鱻˼ۣòԵúû
ԣȳʣ͵˾ͶˣŮ˵˭Ƶġ
㲻ôˮɣȫǶ֪ϲǾ磡
ˮ
ǵֻ˶úǷ̣ڷſģſ֣ȴ˸ˮ
ѵŽĺЩЦصΪǸĴۻࣿ
͵͵ȴ֪ôһѹסôɤƺҭסˣΧһӾ
Ůѵرסͣǵģ˭֪Ϊ統Ҫӽ乬꣬ʵܲҡǿԳЦԳЦ乬ɵĵͼϰߣȴĵ泰ЦĳġŮӣﶼôһϾǻû񶾵ϡ
֮㡭Զһݶպ޵˵ѾȻ˶࣬Ҳ˰ơ
ǸˣҪղ֪ʱӪ߳վŮˡЩˡ
ݶǣҾϲҪȢΪޣǲҪٿ۸ȻҴŮˡЩĳ嶯˵
ݶ̬ȴˣǺ죬ҪȢҵֵ֪֪׷жͲϲ㣬ΪҪˣŻüȥģ
ұ죡ôݶ߹׺ŵùǷ׷׶ܡһԵ嶯ݶءϽȥһСôͺ͹ҽأ
Īǡһʹݶ˵飿
Ȼݶٳη°ͣķ˻Ҳŵû
ҽһΣյһָɫ׵Ĺǣ˵ҿ۸Ҳ
ĸ첲ֹŭĻֺЦָж
յôôάݶȫҲס۵شޣܿ
ҧгݵؿһĻԹȻڣ̫͵ǸҲΪάһŮ˶ǰһ̧ͷ
۾޵öѪɭЦһȥ
յûôᣬ޵óȥŹ֣
Цſô͹ǳܣᱻЦġһˡ
ôˣ˾ͷǵ𣿡Ƴ˵
첲ֽ˽ۣÿʱãŸķա㡭ں𣿡ʵ޷ظǵĻʱԼ̩Ȼɵ棬ھΡ
һ㶣û뵽ôü㻹ϲ𣿡ֱ˵ʣޡ
סͻȻ֪ôش
Ҿ֪һ⡣
ۣҡҡͷϲˡ֪ԼΪʲôҿյ۾˵ϾԾĸҲģȻЦֿɳܣҲȥˣĮؾ񶨣
ǾͺãղûĶõҪĴ𰸣͹ˡղŵת۶ϲãʹСصһڡ
ҵƳΧ¿ֵƼصܡߴտʵĵЦЩ˼ؿǻÿɢҲ죬ҲЦˣƢѽ
ٽջкܶ񣬵Ӫȥˣʡµľ˵ɢ
ԼһЦҹɫѾϡĽ٣ѭһࡣ
üү顣໰׼ȥ
ɿһǿذǣʹס°ͣۡ
ٸףүôİôЦ۾ķŨҵǻ
Ƴ۲İô
ٴָӾ̧ͷŪ乬꣬Լùˣûϵ̫ˡԭཱུƻСѾȫŮӣ۾˿ʱˮġӲ֣۾ôô
šƽЦһ£ǰͶ˵ˣαôܻǿһء
ΪǸĴۡٶûϵײе˵
һǸʱ򡭡ˣ
ʣǿС°Ѿ÷࣬־
Ц˵ЩЩŮ˸㡣ЦЦ͸Ƶġ
ؿ˵ˣǣյĻֶζɬҲһʱʹøˣô
ҲĮؿһЦЦһ¡
ΣҪʱ򡭡վˡ˼ֽ˵
۾ȻһУ촽
ղšشʻʱΪʲôԥˣָĦһ°͡
̫ˣżϵζϤζΪӨżҲζأ㾫ССһƿǫµĿ
ƺȫˣˡңûģҲϤˡ
ЦЦԶһԹۡ
ΪھΣҶھΣ
һЦһ˦ɿܺá


17 


ĩ̫ѾʾȵѳɹȡΪûʺϵӪص㣬һֱҪ·Ϊڰƻõĵطһ·;ϲûŴͳһϢʱ䣬˭˻¾ʹԼĳݲ飬׷
ʱ䳤ˣȶ飬·ߵͽУŮڶ࣬нٶȲ죬ߺʵĿɢʹ֫Ҳĵӣʮ⡣
ǰ治ԶҲͣ£ӨӳȻҲڳס˳͸硣Ѿߵ³ʱĿںԥһ£ЦЦ
òػһ΢Ц
û뵽Ө򷢿ճǰк󣬾Ȼվ·ߵ߽Щ⣬Өü˼̬Өл˵Цˡ
ӨѾ߻ӵһһоܿͼͺ߽ʱǼ밲һһҵס壬˵Ц䣬ǵľ롣
Ө໥Цһ££Ϊ·˲·ĳزӨЩ£ЦЦλãӨлЦûȴ
㡣ǵһε̸ǵسƺƺҲЩֿڡ
ȼУӨϵǹɺζθĵǣЩĽӴָĦ°ʱֺܹĸоλŮĥ߳ʵģоЦ
㡪Өԥһʵ޻̸ɴһüͷżɽʣϲ𣿡
ôϲϲͲĹؼ⣬ĸоǱӲмġ
ӨһѿƳۼװԶķ羰
Сʱ˭ⷸͿһЦ˾ͺˣԲ
ӨüͷûΪĻչۿµ·ƺߵúרġԲ㡣ͻȻϿҵصǸ֪ô㡣ֱ̧ۣ
ЦҡҡͷʾԼ⡣
һ󼲳۶һó·̧ȥȴǾմӶβ
Ż٣ĮؿѾ۵ӨЦЦô³ˣʣᡣ
ȡӨ߿̧࣬ۿŸϵո·ƤɹúЩǿµòСɫļͬϵսӢ˺Ծزִ١
ЦЦҲôÿǰʱƳһۣȴѾתͷ΢ЦЦֵ΢Ц޹ЦעӹĵΨûôů񿴹
񿴹ֺԻô
ôȻЦʱСɵ촽ĻȣʹûоҲϢ۾Ϊ΢Цˮӱڳë˸ȥһ׵˹
ԭǸͷԵѾͷǺˮŮ
ϲ𣿣ǿڿ޵𣿣ΪʲôӲô
Լ룬ȴŪǸˣ
һۣʹȻһǰ㳤˻һһˣײڵߵϣ۵΢΢üЦҲˡһý
Ȱɣ紵ɹġӨ۵˵ĽŲ
áӦ
ӨĻҳǺȼϸļ΢΢ҡΣ°ϵˮҵݸӨؽӹ˼»ûܰľЦس޸֮򿪡
ӨߺˮЦЩɻ˳Ŀ⿴ȥԭΪղöͷĺ飬ΪߣЦ
һۣܵģں￴ûӣĴģ汻紵ˣ·ôŪôబˮϴ衭߶߶˵ȴͻأһѳס
Щ⣬ȥʱȴ΢ɫһ㶣ҲʶĶ̫ҲյŤ
ߣǺǵЦ
ѥӷһۣתԼܣԭЦ˻ȥ׷·խԽƥʱӨкЦЦ俴һۣ͵͵Ʋ죬ؾԼδţҲù͵ɣ
պദáӨĵؿǣߵգͳ˵Ц
̽ݸһСͷˣ̾ϢǶˣʱ÷Ǹúȡ
ӨЩζܻչ
һƨͻǻ
ۿĲǿ΢Ц飬Īһŭ



18 ʯͷ



黺ǰߵͻȻ͵һЦؿ°ǰһ㣬˳ȥԶ·һƥͷɥڵͷԲݣվŸûɵˡȪССĸӻСףСİʿޣɰֺЦüؿ·ĳ
㡭Ҳ׼ܹȴƳںľӨһվԭر죬ίֺ¾ӡ
һƳǸùӣôˣصȪһۣ
ϸǡȪܵصһ̧ͷ
ڼģʲôңҲ˼ȪֻǸޡ
ȪҪޣһۣˣУҪΪϳأۣأ
Ȫõʣҿ޳Сһһ飬ҡҲˣ
ܲһ²࣡Өһ·ٿ㣡
Ȫ͵ۿ˿վھЦӨСȴܼ˵Ҫһ𣡡˵ҲԼˣһܣֻһ
Цˣȴһۡ
գǣȥǰˣһԸЦŵͷԼǣȪƥ
ҷֱѺͻȥͳ⡣ӨЦһʲôҲɺˡ
ȪѵףС˦ظֱᡣϧͷЩ𱸣ﰡȥе½㰢굥
ȪֱĨᣬƲͣ͸ȵһԴΧҶˣҲô磡
ıӣô
СӲͶ٣ۻˣ£һͳ˯ȥΪȷ磬Χ¿ʱľϲǣƺֻôΪˡ
ȪأĮû䣬Ѿĳˡ
ʶ˸ꡱƣȪѡ
˲䣬˾еԼ
ɿŲ۹⣬գȫȻ𣬲Ҳ̹ȻôΪͻԳüҲ̫ÿ˰ɡ
һеӣһйˣ
˯ɣˡ˵
һüžһĳԭߵúܻۣͣҾͲ𣡡ߺߵ˵
ۣ̲סδĿ˵
ʲôͷ඼ҴţҶˣԹ޺޵ɫЩЦ궼£˵ι̣ܽЩүҲȷͷۡƺǵһɧ
ĳĬѾϰΪѾʼ˯Ȫ
ȪһߺޣۿľӼϻһȣ
ȥԼǣ
ҪһȪŤŤȥˣ
ĺľƿһѾסϣ׺ᣬȫûȪӿӼʣüͷš
Ȫ£ûץסһסҲȪˤɳһ˦³ͬʱҲϵЩԴе
ɿһ̣ŵɫףȵƻԭץ첲ֲûɿһ¡޳ϸݵĸ첲ȫסЩۣһ¡
üɿ֣̫ݣҲ̫ˡܳһ⣿Щūţһ˽¿˿۷
ˤڵϵȪʼޣķľһƨϣ֪ޣٸҿһ׶вȪȻסˣԭڴѯʣҲŵֻʣɤʡ
Ȫ͵ۣһʹġٴΣ޶ҿ,ֻˮԼᡣϽ˳ڻĺ󱳣֪ģίʱ򣬺µʱֻܸȫůĻ
һɡЩĵͺ
ݵıӰһʶô
ֻǽ§Ȫٲͷպ޶ȥ
ӪĵصʱӪеľʿǽϣΪŮո·ʮƣнʱ㣬׼ˡ
Ҫϴһ²÷ҲԻ͵ЪϢ׼
̫оƣۣʹȪڵӪΧˣȪڲݵʲô»ˣһҲûգǱ²סˡţͼһӪҲƼˣû߹ֻȻһЦ
Ҳ˳۹͵͵طԸʲôͷϣɴ첽ȴû뿪ۿ΢Ц
㣡㿴ڵʲôˣȪָʲô˸߲ҵܹ
ҲµؿҪʲôָһʴŤİɫҪСϷţؿһڣǰһȪ֣ÿˣ
򾱻˦ڵϣȪܾؿüͷһѵķߺӣɫȴ΢΢ס
̲סЦԭ㺦򾡣
ҡ˵Ӳһ̧°ͣһôǸ
ЦǺǵؿ⸱ӿɰ͸ˡ
ȪҡͷβץЦÿҪϲˣ𣿲𣿡
ÿÿü˫ֻס彣ҪνƵġ
ЦСΪûմȾǳ̣ɢƤĹʣһЩǰǸ޴ЦѾͷӰӣᷳȴϤǰܹϣȴٳֵƤЦݣȴ淢ءֻϣܾһ۵ЦݣȴΪһ˶ţȻϡȴһ˿˵Ĵ⣬ǺЦЦݣҪĶ
ƳۣȥڵӪʾͿϴװӨطѾɽһЦϲŮˣƯᣬʲôʱ򶼷˶ĿΪЦݣ˫ϲĹʣ׿Ѿߣһ
ָ۵աüָմ˲ϸϸķۣ˫ȻЦݿʱȴһŮ˽С°ʱ֬ĴС
ĿΪЦǰ˳۵ӻӹȪе򾣬ԶԶӿתȻһЦˣСүµĳ治ˡúСĿ˵Ƥ΢΢ͷ
ձ缸䣬ĵЦٿȻԣֱֱؿ˵һ仰˫ע顣
÷Щ죬ֻȥȪ
վھߵӨһע⣬㵨ӺôŶҿɲȥץ򾡣

ҺϷɡڽű߼һԲʯͷȪӦȻ֪ϷҪô棬Ĵܣ˺üƵʯͷ
ʡ̧ͷ΢Цæ̿ҳǻʱ򻹻Ӫɣʡ
յͷ֪Ҫʲô
ʯͷдԼ֣ȪҲҪд֣ڰҵӺԼ棬ϷһϲءùʣЦЩįڵʯͷд
ǰԸʯǿ£ǻʵԸͰڳЩ˼ЦЦȤɣиͷҲһְο
յ۾۵У뱻ҲĴѰңҲ˿ʯͷдԼ֡һһȪ˸СĿӣѡաȪĿʯͷȥ
ӨȤţ˼أҲԸʯɡ
ۿӶЦһЦ飬ȥ乬𣿡


19 ͬ


ɫӪֻͨո·Ҷƣ綼ЪˣѲ߱ʿ߶
ӪߵСϪϴùǿƽԭγ貵񷶥̾ϢϪߵʯϣſ߼ʵӣѡ
Ūˡһֱڰպһ込һκͣһİ֭ˮµߣŨ
Ż⣬ϵĵ꣬ôˣ߽סļ
Ļǿ̾ôҹգҡ̫ϲˡھǡʹҪö࣡
ǻףԺֻҪԸ⣬ҾʹǿЦЦ§
ЦԺ󡭡ˡҪӣϱĸף趨ʡ·ӣҪ빬Ӧ꣬Ͼʱ⡣
˵ܶʱҲںͻǣ氢һȥϣ°Ͳ˲ͷ˿ؿҹҾͿԴԶ뾩Щ˺£ڵعеȥĶҾʹȥĶ顭
̧ͷ˵ĿӣΪ㻯Ҹδм۾ģһֱ׷Ѱů鴦
աճջмҸˮ֮䡣
ôˣڱϸϸ˵ĽգԭͺŴµʱ˲ˮϧۡĺ΢һ촽Ѿ˫ǵ峺ͫϡ
̫̫ãҪʲô⣡Ҳԣολ
΢һΪǻ˲û㿪Щɬȴ̧˫ۻסĲ
ѼӵͰԲʯϷϪߵĲݵأ塢ֱ£ܰ˺
ѹڲݵϣȴ֧Լ̾Ϣͺ֣ȵ˫۵ӣ졣ɬؽҧأ谮ϧɿѾٴϢС죬ͻϸ󲱾ŵͺ͵˱ס΢ŵ˫ԼľĽ
Ҳ·˵ĵվô﷭ڶȻ𶼳ԴЩҵȥĽڣĶǶĿһУµӯŵ˼Ϳ챬ըˡ
һЦѾĽˮڵؽϨ˾ҪڻĻ̡ͷƤһըѸٵΪѾں·յ̧ͷ֪ˡ
磿üܻػصޱ鿴ǣ۾ȴҹ˸ΣչâľΧߵĴѾൽɵĵز
Ӫʲ㼸ɡЦ۾̵ضջﱳֹסǲҪҪˣЦһ֮ȸ̱
տһɿվʲô
˳ŭֻۣ㰢ˣҲ㡣
üСɴѰֻǡǰղһĻȷçײˣյ졣һȥꡣ
ͷ
㰢ںһȺ׹죬ôһȥǣ䳰ŭЦһ°ͣ˵
ոǸΣִˡ˿˵Ļ
ȥһٻȥݷ
ջԥŲҡͷ΢ЦʾصģߴٵʵҲߣսüͷ첽Ӫȥ
·ʱǣغЦһܺʲôĻ·ˣ
һ㶣ڷˣƾʲô˵ңûʸָҵľ㣡
ɫģֻǸɭ䣬ô
գȥɡѾƽ޲ذϴõ־һһѾڵİ֭侲סҪðˡðõȣһͻȥ
ЦЦ˾һۣ첽ȥ
ɫӯŭɫ㻹ҪҪ޹˼ɵ˿㻹û޸һԼ˵񶾵ĻӪô˿㻹ôˣôȱˣ
ļһ£漴ȻЦˣһǻŭЦҭ
үĺܿЦ
ʲôˣǰһѾϵļŭԼմˡ
ָҵɷΡҶ⣡޾⣬Ѿ˲ˣԴһ˿Ҳ޷ˡ
ץļʹҡ˼£εЩŻ£ôˣʲôں𣿡
ŬƽԼĶģǺЦǣգҲûʲôںˡ
ЩǿЦ뵽Ĵ뵽Ҫѳ
һ仰ĵһݣ־㻹ڹң
̲סЦǰʱΪŮǵԶϣϧˡ
Ѿ˵ܶˣүڼΪǷ޼·Ƿˡ
ıֱọ̀ɿ֣ƳЦޣ㵹ǳϵĺܴ󷽡
ϻɣµľ֭õľŽɾС
ĬĬţңһҡ˵ԼñĻһ£ڲˣ
һ̵Ĳ֭ϣ̵һ
СģϵӺľԶԶӿס֣Ķˣ
ѾȥʹۣӲشԼ֡
үȥġȥˡ
Ҳ˵ĶԣǸµܵõϲǡûˣ˭˭˭Ƿ˭ûˡ
ȥˣЦ
үذɡڵ͡ɬɬ˵֣һѾͬˡ
ԣһ˵úãͬˣ
ԶĲݴ΢طO@죬ûȴһȣ˭Ķ
һûȷӦѾ󲽳ȥڲݴﾾɪɪľ浡
˶ˣŭס浵Ĳӣ֡
סˣԻô
ûûʲôҸ浶վվס
ۣ˦ڲݵϣɫѾƽ۾ȴ̵ɱ⡣Ŷô
ҲĲпסƴͷ
ѪħЦЦ˵£浣ҲҪ㰢ѾϲڼңֵܼǶȥ˱פأǲǻܺù
浲Ұ˵
ĬĬţô⡭Ө֪˵Щ
Ƿ£ܻᵹùвЦſ浣Ժ㻹ģڱɿ׼ֵһȥúΪЧɣӡ
ߣĬĬµ
ҵ־֡
㣡޿̵һ۵ˮȴϺۣҲֻ־
˦ˮ载Ϩ˻ѣۻʧǵڲݵϵľ浣
浶һ£ܻӪء
־С裬Ӫߣȥӣպ޵
Զֻ̯ʰ𣿣˵


20 Թ



賿ʱ˼΢꣬緹ģЩơ
еĻ׷źҲе˲٣Ӧ縣ֻ򵥵䡣
ЩߵߵǰδУһμյİͼ
ͼϸһ̾˿󣬡šһȻڵ˼ѾͷȥҲûʲôãҲⷴˡҪעⱣʧе˵̫Щ
Щ˵мٴθӦ
մӸԿ첽ߵߣվֱӣһֱᡣ
Ϊ׼Ӫǳ˶ۼӪſڣô˵۰ػߺüһ£뿪ԼߡСڵüЦТׯǷЦؿţͼӺ㵱һģӳġ
һ仰˵ͼӦ綼ػһۣЦˡ
ͼǷڴС
ͼ㾭ϵʶ㣬˴һҪҹŻЩʢоվǷȱТׯ
ūŲңӢūԵϹᡣ
иͼĿеĵλֲͬӦ縣ⰵ˵꣬ƳؿպӦ̾˿̧̫̫٣ҲĸְɡŨûľ޿κΡ
ղؿۣС˵Ͼͻġ游׷ǰϺͰʿĶ顣
ңԶȥӢˣȻѾʼ
׼ǳͻȻŵһ
ȥѰԼĳѾס첲һ·УһͣڳС
ҵע⣬üûǿӲ
ˤϳûʹɿ֣۾ƣƲЩ˽ģС绽߸ϣʱǰ޶ԵۿšĬĬ߿ٱע⣬ʱ򻹻뵽ǸŮˣۿƫƫգҲܱһ鱦ǳǳЦԼҲûˣͲˣˣүƢѰơ
ӨɻòֱŤͷȥûһ˦ǯƣҲһԶֱܴķΧ
һߺӨ˵Żһ۽Ө֪˵ʲôüЩǸסӨһ߿ˡ˿ã·̾ܵе£ᾡӨɻ飬ս½ͳһʾȥһЩΪʱŲһۼ
üƽ
ͻȻûȪû´Ļº;Ѳ˸ϵҹס浲ӵӣôпô׺ݣȴİǵģһֱģϲģϲġȻòӨҲһӲῴǸӣѾ̹ˣ֮ǰôô鿴ġ
緹̫త͵ϣԼʳõġΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ֻͣһ
Ϊһ綼ڳôڳ꣬ڸ߶һɢǡ
Ҳվ·ߣĿʱúܲ浶һǵ߹Թ˵ڵ˶ã
֪һа𲻸Ҿֻϡ
˻ôϣ˵̫磡״εԹţѹĳ޺ͻȻҵĿꡣ
浡ش㲻𣿽סѾȥ鲻𣿡
һ㶣βЦ㵹ѣҲ㣬˶ΣʲϣͰסա
ղǣ޿̵طˣô˵Ц̣ǳЦգ˭ҲȲϵģ
˰ɣ浺ߺЦүɹŴ̸㲻þǸʲôնǣֻǿŸĸëͷСӣƭ
Цø䣬Ǹ䣬Ҳõˣүôˣү۵ʱһҲûëͷСô֡һжů
浱һݣҫ𣿡˵ȴһֱֱؿɫףګګ
Ҳоӿĺ⣬һֻЮץסϱۣ۵ˢûΪĿֱذ복ᡣ
õˣţС׾ٵذǣԼ̲ס˺סľͻ쳣ҵŭһĮԿȴڱס°ʱɢ
ɡ֣˵ϣ°ʹľʹͰ͡
˼ڣ˼£ͳɡõˡˣ̵سɿ°ͣס˫ѹ£ƴȫǿЦͽ͡ѹҡΣƥҲԭض˻
𡭡Һ㣡Թ޵صĥˣ߹ǺۣҪѹˡġزۣʵؼѹš
㲻Ѿܺô΢Ц˵ʲôĻͷطס¶԰׵˫̫Ҳ̫ǿˣ޷޷ʣԼҺǺþҿԡ
ˣΪĿԺͿüϢŷ˶ѹƣŭѼ˼سûһϥײѾӲĿ䣬ֹֻͣ衣
ƺһɫҰףͷ˲䲼ĺ顣˫࣬Ӳ
ҲЩˡ²ڳ䣬Ҳ´
㣡̹һʹɱ˵Ŀ
£ֻҪٶ׺ݵ۹⣬ɱΣ˵һֻϡ
үѾٽͣԹ£ظˣԸһ
ɱηػص֪գ
浱빧вȵƳһξ룬ۿžȻضѹԭشתòסס
ɭɭһЦðһвˣһҫŮˡҪ˭ʲô³


21 Ļ



еѾʮ֮ң;ɫҲǵһĲݵ鵾ɽͺ̶ˮŮ춼³;羰ƻղŸϵейʱԣ·һɫΪĸߵʱӪ
Ϊ˶㿪ٳƣûԣһֱԼӪüĿϣƽǷֻҪ˽Ҳᵥദ
񣿡һϸΪĺһ֪ǸС̫ࡣ
ϽͷӦһɡ
һʮΪС̫Щŵſ
𣿡ƽľٶŪЩɻ
үˡС̫˿ĭ
šüôƽһ仰˵ô
ūС̫ļŴӻͳһɰ͵ϣʱӪһᣬҪҪ˵
еĺɰյģǾϡŹ֡յƢϲôͷ¶β£л¿϶Ժ˵
ѵյеĺɰյ֪£ˣ̧ͷϸǸС̫ŷֲ֪ʱѾϢȥˡ
˿ֻߡϪնẠ̊́͡Լ˴˦ͷģϪ֮±ײգ˺£
С̫ȻȷܵƧڴ
ûõūţȻųݶӰӰߵһš
С̫ͨ򵹣ɪɪͷ絷⣬ȥƭƭūѾ³үǶūҲȥ˵Żᡣ
㣡ݶţСֻ̫ͷֻǲ϶ݶüĿȴҲ޲ߡ
ߣ
Ͳסʺ˳ݶǺĴô򵥵»Ҫ
㿴һƱС̫ǰĵϣС̫ƳһۣһȻǱ־һ¡
㲻ȥ³֮ȵҸ϶һӣ˭֪үۿҪûй㣡һߣҾͺ˵ȥõطġЦŵ
桭ģС̫ȣʮֶġ
ϻǶһ߶ϵƣҺԼҲܲˣ㵣ʲôģ浲ͷصۡ
áðɡС̫վӦŵƱ
ȥүǶŵôͷԵģҲ᣿浵ͳ⣬С̫ͷһȥˡ
㣬Ȼأݶװѯʡ
浿ЦݶôȫΪ㣡ҿ˲æ
ݶЩͷػ֣֪֪ңҲܰг㶼˵һˣ˵ôɣȥգ
ȥգܸȥЦѡ
ȥȥѽ˵͵ӣһըˣȥץݶƲ˵
浵ǣǼȥǳϷȷǺ㣿㣿㻹ָϲ㣿
ݶҭס
޿ɾҩ浲мغһȥϢӨһȥ
ݶ㷵˵𣿡
ȻˣֲôۿҪĸˡ
ݶͷӨȥ浺ǺЦݶֱܹˣҪֻܹԼӨͲϿ޸յˣôȥ׽أô򵥵ĵ벻ףã
б齵ĸϣָḧԼ°ͣۿŶС̫ࡣС̫౻ÿҪ̱ڵϣԼһʱ̰ô
˵ԼҺɽЦһظС̫Ļ
ǡǡ
ãһüڤ˫ܵĹһȥ
С̫˿ƵܳӪʡ
Ц£ӰϷܺ⣬³֮Ը浼һ
ʱѾˣݶɽ˸εĵطһֵ߽صȴһ߱Ӿ浵ĵСȻϷ
Ө᲻һϢӨֻǵͷ˼Ų˵Ҳûȷıʾ
ӽʱO@ĽŲһյССĵǶݶڰĻϲѽˡ
ɽҶ죬޶˾˴սŸ첲Щ䣬ѾԼõʱ䣬ôأڽţֽ
ǰݶô˶ӰôӦѽС˵ˬӦģ
˰ʱˣյͷü϶˭ˣȡ֣ͷ;ùˣ
ɵȣϿȥ˵մӻǶҲż
ߣݶҪô£ƻĺúõģȻô
׵ʱˣԣżվٶ̫죬ʹϾͨˤѹڵ֦Ϸ
˭ŵϽѾ΢ĵ֣ſڵ۵ݶʱʱ
㣿
ݶʼЩңȽָ֪ҲôվȻƻûгɹҲؾɣ
ԣҡ°ͣںЦ
˼𣿡תߡ
վסм̬ȼŭݶǰʹ·ˣҪ֪ˣ
˺ڵϨˣԭټݶĵŤ޿̵һƿݶĶ֣һƨˤڵҲˡ
ң㻹ң˷һ˹ץͷյԹʱк
ͷƤʹҲŤһţݶײϺۣҲסʹһƣƵˣͻȻزҽһ˶ûӰ
ݶͻȻıŵͷƤը˼ûӦ׳Ӷµȥ鿴طʧĵطȻǸȻĵ񿣬ΪڵʮΡ
ڱԵƺڼĿӶǺˮڣʮ΢
ѽݶŵøεѣӵˮ
δ䣬ѾӰɿشͨһҲ׹ӵ׵ˮУˮŵϼΡ
ѽŵõһ˭ȥؿӱ߿ʱȴʲôûˣһƬţ˼ҲûӦ
Ǹ˭òᡭˣ
ŵ亹꣬־岻ѵĵطֻӿֻװʲô֪


22 


еӱѹ£һȣȴǺ³һˮҲǵˮÿһ¶ܡ
ֻղŵˮ𶥵ľ־ˣ
ЩˣһȻʵ
ŵûһ㶼ûղˮдѾȫ
Ӧ˺ڰĻ¹СխĶ䵽׵ˮУԵˮƶԽ
ȴĮëϹҵˮ¹·΢Ĺҫú䡣ߣ̬ɣĺ¾ƺЩ
⡭ĶӣǿſڵϵػܡǾӵˮ治ߵһСᶴڻºֵܶڷ֡
ȻǸ«״Си󣬿ӵ׼ֱǸСˮ̶þӱϾôᶴҡȻܷεĶڣٺõˮҲղС
䱸⿴ȻʼԼʪ͸ѣ㡭ʲôּᶴͰխ޿ɱܡ
㲻䣿ųಲЦ߷߿顣
һ˵Ҳеʪ·ϣܡŤǿԼ䵭˵䡣
ЦһҲԼµﵽšøɸɵģȥϵˮ顣
ǿ򶨵Ȼѵֻʣĳ㣬ѥ඼˦ˣŽţһڵӡ޲߸ɴۣĬĬԽԽ̹ǵı亮⡣
еؿŶڣ¹ˮ⿴ľ⸱ĬĬ͵ӣǿֹµһӾġ顣
һüɿظʪ·
ʲôôûǾԼ̫΢ү񲻹ץԼڣþ·ˮ
ЦģҲûǸ¡
ĿҲѿվϵﱻ³ĳȥֻرԼ˫ϥųССһȴٲȥǿгšɵ·Ϊϸزȥ󱳣첲СȡЩʹԻסĵطˮΡ
ҧ촽˵
ͻȻһɰ§뻳УָǺһĽףƺҪȶҪˣۻûȥ޳ĸ첲ȶֱֻ֩סķɳһﶯá
ƴһ£ȴƵøûʲô뷨ڼôŤȥаһӣ˵
Ҳ֪ͽͣɴ˫ֽסϱۻסزҲܿỷϵĸ첲Ҳ§žþòһ˿и
ĸ첲ٿܣȴ¶ȡһᣬûüֹѾ˳۽ǵˣһõůȴڸڡʹůչ
ûʲô˵ģĬ˺һЩؿ˿ڣĵһԼĸ첲ͷۣڻܣҪ˯ˣ
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˵أмЦ֪ԳԼô
ңԭյ۾͵־ŭˢؿ纮̶ˮĴ۾ˮؿһȣԭѾʹĳܡסάĮ飬µõ
Ĭһͷ֪粻ֻǰƭɽô򵥡
ֲ˵ˣζҡһ£Ҿ㣬лĻأ˵жáĵЦ
˶ã䵭شЦݶҴܵʱڰɣӦˣһֱڰЦؿһС
˵ˡ
ػ͵ЦĿԹƺȤ
ЦŭѹС۵ϣʱ򣬿û뵽ôǵģպԼ嶯ΪľҲˣöϵҡδػᷢĺͼҰģܶΪһͣű˵СŮ˶ɢ
ı΢΢һ䣬ŷЦݽȥ
ллŤ˵
׺شϷ£ղŰ§ľôˣллˣ
ΪľֵôѵܵĻ𣿣
оŭ⣬ЦЦԲҵġ
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ϲشȴסֽͣס޷Ūһ˿յע⡣ڳһֻ֣ɿЩСⴹµסڡ
Ķ챬ˣϷյúһһĺĶﰡ޼ȥҧ͵֣ȴһ˫գһʹʹ
Сᶴﰵڣڵյͨĵضʮͨһˮ죬ϵųӶˮзǱѰңֵ˻ˣʡ
ҲѰңΪǶץԼûȥʵ벻ڻȫûע⵽ڰһǡ
գڴӦ縣Ŀ޺ɣա
ʧǵ˻šӦ縣ǿаȥտҵذ׸ӣһæֹЭ˰ֺֿקȥˡ
ʲôֱϢɿ˺ð죬˻ߵؿ޺ղյĺĶˣ
ʲôЦ쳣ɭ䣬ҵ㣡
㣡̫ˣҪĥʲô̶ȣһ˹ȥ˫Ҵ׾ٵץס˫֡
ΪʲôΪʲô˻ʣΪ̫ߣͷҡɢҵϣȥӴĶƺնϳľ
ΪʲôҪΪʲôϷŹңˮһίԹŭҶѾˣֻ㲻Ҫģ㵽㵽Ҫһʹˡ
޴󺰣ЩϤĸоǾ仰ʹ˫һ
޵þƣߣŵ͵͵˵Ըտ⸱ӣ
һľ޷˼
һҵҵҴȥ˵Ϲȥˣûݶһŵðִûв²⣬Ҳûԣ
Ӳر§û뵽⸱޵Ӿġ
ΪʲôֻǲĪصĸˡǻеأ
Ļҳȥû˵ãȻعִĳŵ
һŭֻǸ
ᱣؽܣŲ
ɿ̵ֱ壬ؿۣѾղźֵǸ˴ˡ
ģģ
ǸˣԭӦ



23 ر

ڰ־ĺڰ
ܣԼҪˮÿһºôѡ޺ۣץסκһɽȥĶƺٴ𺣣ȣÿһƤۣմ۾ͱˡ
ˣûˣȻڻУ޿κεػΪһ̡
ţͷͻȻһʵĴаӻҵۣԵСҪˮ˰ˮ͵ĴߣΨΣϲ̰شں¡

Ϥ𣿲ԡղô˵
ֱһ˫ֻҪ͹ˡ˵üΣ·𡭡ڸԼ
еżۿ
ΧЩҵشһЩƬΣܶС˵ڳܣͷۡ
һŮͻȻܴ˵У㣡
ֱ治˭Ǳߵȴһӡ
ܿҩ֪ͣҩ֮ףüѵʣڻǺһ¡һȻ۾
գʱ٣Ҫģãûһ˲סˣĬûзôôľȻ飬ôô䣿
񣿡ҩĺ循ϲؽһղһ£Ť񡭡ģ΢Цôů³һ
Щ𣿡סĻ
ҲˣʣˮеĴת飬һӦѾ硣
ǳейЦЦӹֽΪȥͷܵĺ顣
Ѿ˳е£Щ⣬ײ˶ãıͻȻһôģģ͵ӿǿҵĲ
ҡ
кܶҪʣȴȴĻϡ
ͺãɿü΢Цֳղİı顪һеļҪȰáȥ͵Ե
߳⣬СķԸĹŮʲôֻ塰
£ıúغأٴμѡվڴߵĺ壬Ȼ㷵رܿ۹⡣
ʲô£֣صʣΪʮƮ
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ôģֱֱؿԤ뵽һе֢ᡣ
űӣΪѣֱվߣû𻰡
塭ð
巳յ˦ͷ֪ЩҲǺõġүġһɴе˵
ΪмҪүҲŷˣ󾪶̫̫¹ش̫̫үʧҪϴҲүʧǰ˭Ͳ鵽һСӵ̫࣬СŻˣѾ浸ݶ˳ݶŴ޴󺰺ͷһȥˣҲ֪ȥүŴѰһҹ󶼾ˣ̫̫Ҳ÷ʹë
û뵽үȻŸˣ˵ؿɫ԰׵һۣڻ޷˵ʱ龰ʲôûүðʪĳžô˵汧
еµһ·үǴϴ粽룬үйܼ˶۷׷ףʲô񶾵Զ˵˳ӨҲ޵òˣӦ縣үΣⷿﳳЩô͸˵أ
Ӧ縣ͣס˵Ҳû׷ʣسĬòͻȻʵ
ˣЩ⡣
ҧأյĸס
С㣡
ֻҪ͹ˡ
֪Ϊʲôյ۾飬֪˵ǻʱĳʹ
űŮСĵشƿЦ߽ƺʵؾɫ۹ӣԵø߹ӺݣаӴ־ķɫ
ӦʹӦԹ
ֻľȻؿǰĵϣҪΪϲ裬Ƶһ־ܾ·ˡ
Į۹ǶȥԸ˵ʱѾŭ
ȷʣû˵û飬ض
ңЦһȫˣ̵ռ۾
ΪʲôһֱΪʲô
ԼˣһܰɽϣҲصһ˿Ρ
ô⻰׾ӵöһڣֻҪ룬һ취ƽ¡
Ϊʲôģִʡ
ӹһ˿ŰʧȥǸˣôһı飿ΪʲôЦһֻҪһһ˿˿ĲᣬͲߣ
һһ˿˿Ĳ᣿ڿЦűۣǵģɶ˵ѾܳˡǼֻҪˣһֱͻ⡣
Ҳ㣬ҪԼѡЦһˢһ˦°ڣˤŶȥ
ǰµᣬڴӽյ˫ӿγԱΣ۵¶ϧѾ˺÷飡Ȣǰ;ͻˣЦĽӰεظһӣ
Թôѹԭ٣ٵÿڡĴ裬ҲҪˣֻǱļֻǿЦĹȥȰԼТ˳ĸĸΪΪŮȫȫĺرڣҪȢĴۣѳΪ;İܱʡ
ûδǿׯ̹;ĸĸôõò飬ȢõĹһֱ֪ģô½Ӧ縣ıԹϧ
ͬȥϡ̲ס˵ʱ;Ҹ̫ãЦԼûʧĲڣĳ޷׷Ρ
տ˰˽طЦһգСĵΪһһ׵ιԣ£ǳۻΪ˫峺۾ԭûУ
ҲЦسֵ࣬΢Цǲ鶯ΪҪסޡ
࣬ŷĵ˿˳ɢĳ£Ǻñӡ˯ɡ¾ͽкȥҡˮȴǳЦ۾רע뺿ޣסֻǴһᡣ
գʲôûͣʹѾעҲףϲŮӲûԲ¡
ţ֪Цˣ޳ָȥᡣ
ȫȫͣȥ֣ȥһУԶԶ뿪һ˿ôͻȻ˽һΣʵ᲻ˡ
ڻסˣůȢĸĸս⣬ǸĸĽȴΪһǽŮӳԵִŶøĸڴա᲻˽ôôТ˳
ҧ촽ɹԼЦˣգҲҪúõġ
ҲҪúõ·͸Ҹ
ߵſʱͷЦЦеתȥʱӿˣȴҳ˻ͷܻرģߣԼʧ


24 ѡ


һ߷ǰ̫̫޹·ϣһߵǵΪ£磬񣬺αżȻǷģҹ綼ˣɲġ
Ϊòסֱ۲ǿߣĶͷϸܵ麹Цҡҡͷû˵ҪͨõĹ˵ľ
ס̫̫޹ԶŲȥƷζ飬߹·һйĸо乬ȥڡʱпҲ˵ϣơڣҪȥѾȼճɵ
廹˵̫ˡܣԶҲһòߴԼǰȥΪ˫۾࿴һܶʧȥ뿪
Ž꣬ٹŮ̫ʳߣʱ򶼺ЦͷЦ̫ķǿ첽СֹЦ˵ʲôֺء
õڸ첲ϵ˼֣ĲԽˡ񣿡ĵغһҪȻȥɡ
ȥ
ԼվֱܻȥˣغСԷۡأóܵĳЦЩô˵ЩٱĻ˵յģΪ˵յġôգôյĸĸ
Ȼ뿪Сʱĵ׻һ⣬ڡȫûˣ
޵⣬ձ̫͹ϵĵʱ⧲ʪˡ뿪˰Ŀ̹Ǻڰû뵽ֻΪ˹һ¼ŵĴ
񡣡Ժ̫סڻҪĳٵȡ
ʲôҪĿͣʱЩ꣬ôҹԺٵȡ
̫ƽ廹죬չС͸¶ǻɡ
һʱӦɿƣ˭ô
̫żһţؿ۰ƹɫӲ԰׵һʣӨİ꣡Χϻģزŵ
尵Ʋ죬˿ޱ仯Ϊżϻ˻ࡣ
ҪȵսǵǶɣܷЩͷ˳ˣūؽȥǿ֧ŵ̬С̫ҲЩ̣ĵ顣
ͷҲʵվסˡ
ӵȷܷ磬Ҳ˸ûһ˿յľϿȴҲżزͣߵԺƿСԹʵ˵ʲôôʱ䡣
ԺЩ춯ССʰ˷һʲôڰ
ղŵǸС̫һʰΪúܽʮү밲ү顣
Ҳˡ
ˣ̫࣬䲻á
ǡ̫ʮڣүƣⲻô
ȽصĽŲһ·һ·ĸO@ūŸү밲
һЦʵӨİٷ⣬ҲҪδŮ¹ƽʱҲӣϳδʱ˵񣬵˿̡û˵
һ䵭𣬡ɡ
˵˼̵ıŭ
ʣʲô㲻ͿҹϻЦư͡Щ⣬㾸λٸߣǱϾδҡԣܴô̬ȶɣ
СŮƳأūŹĲѣǰ˵ƺҲҶδŮ̫ʮ͡
һ˵ȥɡ
ƺǳ⣬Ȼͽ̸
ү˵ͳ˺ܶ࣬ղŻļְŭҲΪĲںԼӨʵ⣬Ҳū
ʣĿӱŰ񣬸ɴӲ϶ԷĻ̧ѹҡȢŮΪмִҵɫĿʵ˿ȴûٿΪʲôҪȢף˵ϣͼǵɲӣ˲Ӭһˣ㻹ҵű
˵ӨĿҲ΢΢һ̣Өǳ񣬵ͷӨߵ͵ϸ̬ѵôһɱĻ֪ԼûʸͬӨΪеѹϾĺܿ
һѿĻû⵽ʵķȻĬȻسӦΪСүأ̬ȡ
ʣôྫͺúȥôϰôЩ̰ٶ³ҴӦģӦϵȻ쵽ģٰ׷˼ȢŮô㻹Ұ˵׶ˣȢʲôŮǹܵôԼô¶ô
ʻû˵ĬδŮƪѵ⡣
ˣȥɡҲŮú˵˵ҸøĸǶܵģٲ֣

һȻؿһƣʲôʲô˵ֵģΣˣʵΡǸúں̬˵ô˻ˣȻãá
ָסϸľƺѾƻ˵δˣѾúҪӨģ֣Ǻʵ׹ϵ黢ڻõʣٰظοһʱǨŪʲôӣΪʲôŪЩŵܻܱ̣ܲǻҪʳԶ裬ҲҪôȨѬŮ
ִˣְ鿴̫򵥣̫ˡΪϲӨġϲӨġϲǶòԽһʱ˷ܡ
˵ģҪȢŮˡɣȢƫ˵ǲรʵҡ
һȢŮˣ֮ǰɹŹӨ϶Ҳһ
ͻȻֽ֮Уѡֽѣ
ҪЮκһˣΣ
˶߹⣬̫ȥڵʱЦˣԭЩηļįδܱȼ޸ǸҪã
ˣᶨɽТׯĬá
ǣūԸΪ١ٴߵͷظ
ТׯЩƣ̾˿죬ΪӣѾġϧߵĿ棬ߣТׯḧĦ԰ȴ쳣Сӣǳˡ
˵;׵ģҪ޸ա˵ģȴΪѡǰӦ磬Ҳĸףֶ֪ԶӵҲĸԸ⸶ӵ飬޷һȻȢգǱҵҲжֿӵĲ벻Ȼ̲ĴӦ֪ȢʧȥʲôڱصҪȢľӲԵĺӾȻҲ̹˵ԼϲȢͻһǻ
ƺôǾ顣
ôעܵ˺ĴŮȻԸù¿įһԳеһʹࡣʹĲᣡСѾ̫Ŀ࣬ѵүò
һ롭̴Ӧ罿µŮѵΪƮƮһ仰Ͷ֪֪һж
Цˣ롭а취ôڡڣһӲڡ


25 


˵Ķ˵ˣ߻Լ侹ʱɵö࣬Ų鸡ȴƸղżѡ
СŮͺ˸üı򷿼￴䵭һЦɣ⡣
ĵĮȴŵҪʱżϰһ¡
㲻ޱû̧ۿֻǰܵ㡾ͷ˸Ըϴ£ãѾƣˡ
֮ľҲûȻŭЦһҪҰȴ䵭ƽ
šӦһ
ܺáҲˡЦ
۹ӣ
Ѿϱϣͼ³ȷ棬Ǵ˵ϵôǺЦɹؿֱ˼ţúɣѡǸãԸһ̡
߬ӣɣ
˵Ҳ飬ﳤȥ
Լؿڣû뵽ԭΪү֪˸ľŭأڸе̬ȺʮֹУû뵽ô죡
ҵȲ衣ЩطԸͻȻ̬ҲʼδƺΣտֲ
軹û°뱭Ѿ𼱴ٻҵĽŲЬľ׼שҵġડĪطҽš
Ӧ硭ûСŮͨϣӦ縣Ѿ˽ɫԣ۾ͨ죬ıԹߡϽ´Ӧ縣Ȼֱֱ£һͷڱשϡ
ॣûüݸĲڵˤ÷顣ſڽؿȴĮӦ縣𾪵ȥ
񣬸񣡡Ӧ縣һһߵغư󣬡ŹǼҰɣɣ
һѾ˵ȥӦ縣ԭֽټӦ縣ִţܸĹݣֻҲ
ĬĬӦ縣ץ첲ʹ֣뿪յĻ¾Ȼ֪ôڡ
֪ΪһǿɱɿɳܣΪصƣصһ¡ҵɷһҪȥǰЧҵĶڱδ񣬵ǼӦڵ˼ûҲûǷ㰡ҵĶӣΪ㡭Ӧ縣㿴һķϣٺˣںǼˣ
صڵϡֲôУֲô䵭ƶö˵һ֣ѾϾ·
ۣЦˮҴϹ䡣޲ڿ˼õˡû뵽ʱʹࡣ
֪ôûۣͻȻһʧȥȤԼüϣ֪Ӧ縣˵ʲôʲôʱߵģҹǲѾˣʱ
ٴۣŴս̫ˣǸ죬ֻǾ۾ʹͭǰֱֱžԼ壬Ҵһ¡
һֱԱ߿ĺ屻ĿŵëȻ˹ס˫磬ǧ벻
һ³ȥЦŴߴ١
ͷֲô̫Σܿʹϡȥ봩Ǹ˵
ͷ첽ȥˡ
߳䣬ľ·⾫Ц̺ӹ۹⣬Ƿķ俪ţ߽ȥɵڳҵ˪ص䣬ӾԼһŻŻŵ°
֪壬̫ˣˣ޸ʱӦĿ࡭žԼЦƴ̹ˣ¿ߵ乬£Ҳ̹ˣԼʱȻַҪõ˻سҪʹ
޷ǿӲؿƱ˵ˣΪƸΪ꣬һֱǱƣڲǸˣ㶼㲻Ѱôʹȥʱ߹ˣһα񣬾
ͻȻЦôѲûȫĥʵˣ޸ҲûʲôãҲȨѬ죬޸ԺõĴõġƫ֮֮ȥ̫ˣôҲҪ
ɣЦſҲЦ˵Լ·˹ѡ
Ϊ˷㲢ûȥе±ҵסйһƫƧͬڱĹңкܶʿء̫ͨȥ˺ܾòųȻүû
ǣҲؾЩɫСϰ䣬ġҪȣȡ
ʱѾֱʹÿҪʧȥ֪ű˴ҡеشɢĳ̫ʦȲ裬ɫף촽ѵرڵùŮΪϲ衣
ûʩûٱܿĿ⣬ֱֱؿ۹⿴ţ΢Ц۾ﷺŭ
ҸʲôѡʥˣߣϵĲѶڼϡ
ҪҾ˵
ҪۿЦ⡣
գҲΪ꣬ʲôġһһֵ˵ͻȻЩЦʲôģͲ
šӣô
ԣޱʹƭΪԼֱĿС
ܺã͸ȥǶ׿˵ľվԸŮʽ۹ӣŶˡһ޹ؽҪ£˵лһ߱ź£˵ȢԺܰշųҪѰˣҾһҸᡣ
ĿͻȻȫȥһ޷ŵҡͷ߽ȰԼģ㲻ôģ
ƿŮԼſӣõؿɫҰܵô᣿ֻҪҸˡ
˵ԼһǰȫȻЧԴʼȣǿװ侲Գ߽⣬յİҲ⽮ǻϵõĳӣڹ˽㶼ģ޷ֵĺ̵ص
룬Ц߹簮С°ͣȴпᣬ峯ȱ˻ʵ۶УοССһͼ𣿡Цʣü졣
Ҳ˵һ֣һ顣
㲻ùҡùǸˡǿܰҹؽΣҪҪң
һĸ첲ŪһĵڵأֽþȻվ
û̧°ͣҲˣǸӡ
졭뿴ֻܱԼ۾
Լһ˿òʱǸССȸԾĳҲڶһ˿ϵֶͣھȥ˸ףֻһȴ޷Ůӡ
ıŭ
΢ص˵ͷáԽԽãעõĽ֣ϣЩࡣ
ҧӦޣӦޣΪǸˣʮһֱôͱȲദĶ̶̼£
̫ˣֻ̱ػ滺ŭҳеµլѾȥʰˣȢ㣬̫£㹻
ûۣѪɫĴֻ³嵭һá
ߣŰذӵקԼȥ˵



26 

ųһӵ̫һĽƷ̧ССԺ䣬æͷ󺹣õϵĵطˣ̫໹ԴԴϵ̧ܶСŮԺſڿ֣һյĳ飬Ľ̾ţŴ˽ֺƵ壬үԸð
Ÿ߸ߵͷϣĬĬطϵҳһжš̸Цѻ˺һ˯ҹ
񣬳㱴ˡ־źܽһɣһû뵽㱴ջԼҸ밲ҲֻڴڰʱŻһΡ
ҲЩ⣬ֱӣһӭӣѾ滺߽ˡ
˴Եػһۣüͷ۾Ƕĺɨһۣ屳һظ¡㱴պүһԽޱԽ˺¡˳ſڵʱ򣬺廹ԶԷţܾó㱴տһкҪ¡
磬Ϊ˱裬һǿӱ޴Χϻģɫصĳϸ˱Ļҳ
£ȴûȲ裬ûж˵ʲôӻͳһССĽݸȥ
òؽӹʧżװش򿪣ǿ鷢ƵƤ滭ͼΣҲаԣ׷ңǽƭӹصķ䡣ֻ̽ǺΪʲôô鶫
ǡ˲ͼ̵ؽ˵ţ˺ܾãϵǰ޴󱦲ءǰҵ󡭡һֱߣ»ϽҵȲȥ׼졣һЦ
Ƥ־һòס˼⡰˲ͼԻǳҪҪ
ǣȻҲԳΪƽޡ
硭סᣬƿ仹˿Ϊ룬зθȴܡ֣ƤͻҲҪ°ɡ
Աı¡
ȥɡƳһЦְƤ񡭡ѾҪˡɱˡ
ܾؿһۣҡҡͷĻҾҪ߽פΪֳҲûΪʲôȥϣȻҵ˼ָ˶ķţȻ㲻Ǵ󸣽ƷȴߣԺٲ
֪Ļ䣬ѵö˵һЩҲ˿δܻǻЦⲻΪκκֹͣŵӣֱ̡
˶һѣܰҲֻôࡣ
ΪһƬģҲҪ˵̾˿δʵݱͼ޲ġֻôࡣ
Ĭãڵ˵ͷ
ҹڱƤͼȻδ³־壬ľǷˣֻǲรСţ乬öˡġûģڱǵ˶󣬶һĽ֡ǵ۾ս乬ʱµģһ˫˫ɭɭÿһ£
ֻڰˡŻºڡ
ڣűͼȥ·ϣҪΪԼһ£ҪĶ顭¡
Ҳȥ̫磬ɨĹŮ̫ոչһƬž̾
߹ס⣬ԾؼӿŲǡͣˣ·ĽŲᣬ˴ĹǽΪ˼·ⵥӨ
ͲȢԺ𣿡Ө΢ذ
ûлش
㡣Өţƺ滨飬˭ϧ
ʲôӰ죿ֻǸรƺЩۣ˵һ䡣
ֻǸร
ֱվһǽ֮Ĺϣӿȴشԭء
ҲǸ񡣡ӨʣڵϲҪǡ޳ίѹ§ϲΪ˵õȻ£ѵ꣡̿Һ£ͱŮ˷㡭ҲұԹҾ¡¡һС
һУҲ§ΪҵޣҪΪҵޣңôһУ
ӵ𣿡Өɵɵ׷ʡ
šҳŵģһЦЦ
Ө̾Ϣδ£Һ¡
̧ۣлƮƣֻʹ۲Ųᡣ
ӨҲһ¡
˵Щ֪Ө;Ļ⡣ǽתһۿǽĵ·ĶǾͷֺαΪѻأ
ѾҪ˺ֺανʹƽޣʹָܻ˶ķţΣֻǸร
ֻǾĲร
ϡڣ綼ΪѣϾ˽ݱͼ֪꣬⻹ִΪʥ⣬Ļһԭ
αͽ͡


27 

ҹЩˣյϵĺͷǰԽ޺죬۾ʱ䱻Ѫһɫ̼Щۣͱۡ
ȢһรԣҲӣƸ̶ִϵȡҲӹ޳ٰŴЩ⡣ںͳһȢˣҲ£ΪүʧԼݡ
硭Щķңð˲ͼȥʱֻЦЦ˵ţԺõŵʱѾҪˡЦݣʮֲ飬ƺʲôһ
ϸȥϲѾǶȸһȻϤĮƽ˵͡Ȼ͸ǵЦ͸ˡ
ĳе±ҵѾͷȻװһ£űƿʱԷ֨µ죬һ
߬ȭû̵ľǺ顣
ߣϲǸͣ˵ż黰ȥֹ˵Ķ֪ʱϲɺ۽ϵһԢͬģ¡ЩߴߴɵŮֻһ˵ļ黰˵˵ֱ˽Ƹ
ʡǲรǺͬġǸˡϲ֣뾸Ʊɬ
óӸͷʱۿԼϥͷȹ촽ܿƵ΢
侲ȥܿѾߵӰӵӰڴֽϡվĬؿһ粽ʱҧס촽ûһҵˡ
ͭǰڵϡɴͷӵĻҲῴ
Ỻժȥصڣķ˺ܶСǹַҪģժʱ򹴵ͷֻۣ΢üϳˣ۵Ļ˵ֻҡͷ
ͷȥһ˳ȴûеһɣȻɵشᱧ⧲һײĺڵͫ˫ÿȴ۾Ϊӳ˺ɫԵЩϲá
ЦδЦȻᡣⲻҪ𣿡
ںյķ컺תһȦԻˣǵģҪġϲϣɤһĳ԰ɣһ¡
ϲĵļѩף˫ʢԴĴҲӺС̺Ĵ³иķµĽСΡУͻȻ㣬ҲãԹҲãҪġǴ˿̵ӵУ
ת飬ۺޣĿ˫ϲƣǵġ߽УأġԾؾؽǰϲĶˣҶԼҪ۳һĿϷſ£ҲĮµȻ˿δɫ͸Եòʵ
ձߵһ˿ҷͬ´ˮ
ͻȻرۣ̫ͻأˣԭȥܻ˫ͣһסˡ
ôˣ񱻼һ¡
ĬĬҡͷΪΪ˲ٻ桭˸ģ۳˶˿ϲĶ򣬺еһ
ָֻۣĮۡ
ϰߣ˳ӵۣӴӦ޸һ̣;Ҫͬ˳һ˳Ϊ
е˲Ѿ֪ȥѹϣߵĶһƽĮ赭
Ժ󣬺ϴʱҪһֱۣס棬ͷʱϰߵرۣ̳ͷס°ͣΪʹı˷ֱ壬ҪǸұۣһۣ
ӵϲʱԼҲֲǴֱǼУȥֱֿɱɵʧءͷȥһһ⿪ۣɴһӲղҪս˫ʱľܾζͬȻͷ޵ֿĲ֣ʹθ
۵ļ촲ĵÿҪرż磬ȥȼڵʱڲ̡һƿϵϲ̵ӻʱˣǲˮʱϰԵıۡ
ûֻǰΧĸɹһɨϣѹµһ׶УĪһȣϵ˷ܣҲеȥԼѡ
ȥڱʱԽһ԰׵Ľգ͵˵ҲǹҪŪ㣬ŮһֻΪһۣۣң۵ңҡɷ򡣡
üͷøŵ۾ˣĴƻ󣬵ڻܹ˫ʱƵ׼ȷض޷Ļ̧ſ˫òںסۡ͵һ壬ֱؽֱȫ
ˡۣˮΪľʹͻȻͣˣʹȥһ˼ά͸ܣֻۡ
ֻǿʼԶڼӾ硣
סĴ屻ײѣͷɢҵͷϣҵĲƣһһеĺ֣ô飬ȴֻԽԽˡ
Խʱ̾ȻһҧסļͷǼײܳܵķΧؿںƣ嵽ۣȻ޷ֱۣǰͻȻһȻ󡭡ȫˡ
ҲΪʹͬգ۵ʱִѾ͸˳⡣
Ѵ룬ڴأ쳣ֱͦ
춯ػعͷһȻǷŭ͡Թޡ
û뵽ЦĨʹ࣬ҲǸ۵ˡ
һ㶣ûĻûۣ
ǰҶۿһĴվˣ㵱ʱΪʲô˵Ѿ˯ˣΪʲô˵
ɵɵؿٵǰߣҪץס˨˲䣬ޱȷ޺޵˻˦ֶȥ޵þҪˣϪߵһĻôû뵽Ѿ˹֮£
ɳеסļĸϸвעţܾ˦ֶȥٴγ㣬㵱˵ˣܷôѾһΣٴΰԶˮȵľ
γذ׵ʱΪҪɱץ첲ʱǿµҪֱֶˡ̫׶ˣϾΪԼĳصһ۾ðĻ·Ҫճɻҽ֪Ϊʲô
ĸ첲ߵһ׶ϣŴסˡǰ׶ԾӨϾֶ˵ģһҪ֤
ǡû죡
ͻȻղЩ̵裬ԹߡŰװ׵ĶӣȻүϷŪûꡭԶԶûֹ
ذ׵ļѾ̵ļ첲ϵİ̺̣ۡʹԼĲ̣ӦһŰ߳ȥȫĲң
Լ첲ϵһѪӿڰ׶ϣϡץһס˿ڣ̫ѪĻԱơ
Ŵ۾նؿţһ仰˵
̫ˣ̫ˣ
õľȻͬϣģԶǵһˣǸ˲
ñкӣʧصһסϸĲӣ޲þôһˡȻһΪǸҰ֣óҩ̥ˣһһҰֻѪˮ˻𣬵ŭȴ淢С


28 

źԡĶѾǣûȥǺЦݵǿϵĻۼЦûᣬֻԼ߮翵磬ĳصþȻһ˿С
Ѿǰڲ˾µ˿˳˳ģǱЦ˵̫ˣͷͷȻҪúϢ
ۣۡɱۣȴôҲ޷˯ͷ㿪ʼֱۣذǶѾǶ˳ȥΪ˯ˡ
รรһѾ߽˺üʶรָŻۿѾߡ
үҪѾ˵ϸϸ۲ɫЦѾҲ֪յ飬Ż̽ı飬Ŀ˵
աųˣ
á
棿ֱ۾໺ղŷߵᡣڼ桭ʲô壿
ۿһͮͮϲʶĽƣϣϸϸĦЩҳǷĨƽ
ЩҺܺá˵
գһҪ׵
ֱۣؿͷϣҲͬһֻҪʱ乻һеһСᱻ
ŲĽŲһҲֻڲ֪ദͻȻʧȥ۵
ֱߵߣһѳʱһʹԭͲ԰׵ɫ˲ȾЩҰܡᣬЬȥ
ѾƳϵСĵعűЬӡ
΢΢Ҫȥգ
һ֪ȥգԼᣬ᲻򶨣ĸʹ
ȥץúۣȴ˵˾ܾĻо飬һһˣǲ棬һ˿ϣ
ٷϻȴȻЦ·Цװģߣӣô·
վվ·Ժ۴ú룬ͷҲúƽ˳ȴ޶˸һּǵĸоԭڿ·¹ҵĺ籺ͺȾɢֻĳʱ۾Ҳ޷СŲ
ԭǵ۾
ŬԼĺƽȣǲȥ
͵¶ĽӨϱҧʱȭͷ嶼ˡۿţͻȻһ񶾵ĿУգ˰ɣ֪ͬǵ˽ô˰ɣ
ҡձ̵һʹҪȷǸ󣬵޷ȰԼҪ˷롣УӴ𣬳䵱ȷ棬졭ǿƽ˵סıӿʹͲᣬ¶һҪˡ
ղžô³سĺۣҪϧһӵŮ˱һôֱԴʹʹࡣǣΪ˵һ仰ȥһ£ֻܹƽؿţšԺΪһ
һЩˤڵأæҧ촽ģģղϸǧս游Ǹӣչ˺Լ̣Ҫô졭
ǡ۵ʹͷķ˿ڴӯƮ·˼һߣҡ֪ԼһԺ͸ˣȥˣǵĻҪ˵ǧѡ
㡭ͻȻ̧ͷʱ۾ǼĿģЩߣѾҪˡѾ߿һۣѾ羪֮ɿذеգĬĬ¡
һ·˳磬ɹŬŬ˵ſ׵ĻɤǷɬ
á߬飬˲þһ࿴̲ס۾˵ģ֪ģȫ˫ֵˮ۾
˫ɪ㿪ɡʵ̰Ĩᡣ
գˮӿ۾ղŵһŬҪ׷ѣţҹĺܺãҺܺá֪޸һֱҪġ㡭һҪҵȢùһҪҸ
յ鶯Լ۹䵽ֱץ֣䵽ѼϣҰʧѪɫ˵ĺҸ֪ΪʲôҪô˵ΪʲôҪ˵ôӵĻԡ
šͷһ˿Цˡˡ˰벽ԼҪٻͷԼ˵ҲҪأ
Ҳ
˴ˡöԷΪ˱˴ˣΪԷһ¡
ɿ֣ЦһһεĻᡣ
ûеȥŲ鸡߻ط䡣
ıӰһ֪ջ̬֮Ϊ˽ѱ˴˵Щԣжʹ
Ϊޣ뱨պǼ棬ڡ֪ԼжЦжɱܱģԼ
̤߽䣬ˣ͵ػԹޣŭۣһײϲ齵ϣľȻˮһһе£סˡ
үغһǰ΢˻ȥҪҪ𣿡ˮӾ磬졭Źҡ̫ʹˣÿ۵ܲˣôɪһţ·ԼĽ䣬ֱܹ
ڴŵֻССһţ§Լͷβڵϡ
ŭĹ¶ˡƺֺİôһŵ
ʹҲʹǧԹΪһ̣
˵һΣҲһΣƽˡڳ˷ޣ
Ҫ˵ⷬҲѣ
鶯촽²һ֡ɴԹԱɵȥ§ѾһɱˣԼԼң
һ£˫ۼƺ˵Լţ㣬㡭
ͻȻŭɶذһӽȻǸΪκŮĶүˣɪɪܵΣΣ
ֻܾ춯صˤŶȥ


29 

ӵԽԺ䴫ȥƳѾˡգۡ
ڻ綹һөƺʱϨ
һţʹ˯ȥȫռе̬§ͷϴ¶ȣĺůʹ§Ǿɸоů
ЦʵҪĲЩѡһȢˣһң޷˯ҹӵˣ̫ࡣ
Ժ󡭡޸ˣഺȥʣĲҲǹµŵҹ
ĸ첲˶ӦǱˣŲЩ롣Ȼů˯ۣΪ޷ȫȻ
һֻŤ£Ҳҹ޷˯Ĳ
ʲôЦЦЩơ
ҡҡͷʵûʲôֻϰҹԼж˯⡣
˵ۿ촽õĻȡ
Žë͡
˫ٴξסϸһ𣬴̵ģѾ֪ͼ۾ʶ𣬱ͷ˫һ£ˣҲ
Ҫһ㡭ۣɵ۾ȴû
ˣϸϸҧ֬ķӯطʹ̲ס͵ţʹȴȣ˷Ӧ¸֮ǰҺȵӿۻܡ
ȥʱҲоˣЦ㳶Ԥõİ׾Ĩ˼£ϵǳˣϸļϸϸսӸǣ̲סòζȥĦ
ܻԸŮˣ˵һΣû۵øеʣҲζҲеʣͨﵩ⡣
ְŪ쳣к󣬽ǡʱĽҵؽ壬鴤Ŵﵽ֣꣬ӯĽʽơ΢΢ʱ͹ķӯķ˿첲Ͻȡˡı飬е۾̵Ľëǣܻ޷Ƶ뵽˵Ҳ壬Ҳ
룬ܵǷҵػӦգ
պ޼ÿֱռ̲Ű⣬̱㿪ʼٶڸʪʣȻӱĿС
ڼļʱ龹޷ķҷӡĳĬļҪסĺ黰һ䣬һҲã
ܸģֻҶն񣬹ѹֵĺ
ɾҲ§ڻ
ϣ̴ڲдĳ˳һθеԼĿɱ
ǰֻʱӵȻ£ıӽۣԭȴĽЦȴޱĸС
ԣ˿ԸĶٴ¶ôĵЦݣ
֪̲סۿеѾˣԾýֱ̬ĻУ۾ƮؿŴʣû˯緢֡޷˯ȥ󣬶ڴ齵鲻˯š
εʹܣ



30 ﱸ



ۣոԡϣһˬƣˣԼӲ֫壬˶ϣҵһơ
ӣԺȻԺһǣֵӿ̫ѨЩ͡
⵱ֵѾǾī±ɹ̫С˵һһ䣬εס
¸ͷǹġĳĬӦָָϲ֣ҹĺȫˣµġ
˼Ǵ󸣽Ȼλʣµġ
ѹøЩ
㣬ԺǵӿҪѹˡ˵¸˾ʹ˶ʮʮˣүòٻص˷ױ͸ˣ˵ǸүѹǮʮ׻ӰλôȰ
ҲһǾصЦүλġһһϵġ糿ȥź򣬹ǵϵİ׾ӡ
Ѿͷ
˶ЦЦһԳī̾˿ҲǼʡ˼СǸһǰƣ
ãϿӣҲǳѽǾΪȻ
ʲôãīЦϵǰҲǸӡ
ԴѾǳˣӣȻо⡣
˯ṳ́ܲʵűһƿˡӦδʱչô磿ûΪﱸ飬ҲûɲԲôаɡ
緹ôʸǾī
รԸˣţٳԡǾ˵Щ顣
ˣ˵ԾͲ𣿡ʱŭˣҲθЩŵѾ߸Ͻ¡
үūҲǼร̫ƣ̽ϴϣҲ˯ʱīЩ׳ŵӱһ䡣
Ϳŭûˡ
Ҳ⣬תͷӦҲԡ
ƳƳذſţںڵĳм縴ǰķ飬ŭ˲ɢˡ
߹ȥ齱ߣ§Ѿߺͷø͡
һһͳһٷôôάֵȥ
ҡҡͷʹ֧Ųסɻȥ
԰Сƽ̺죬ͷܲϸһĶͷȻˡ
㣡üŭ˾͸Ͻ˵ôūţ㳤۾û
£ۣСɾͺˡ
ˣ֪˭
ȥ̫ҽץͷϵĲ豭ݺˤڵϣһ죬һ
īǾ߶ܣסȥ𣿡īԹȥ̫ҽǾ˻
ȥܹ˵
Ǿ˿Ӧɿˡ
û˵˵ʲôαضԡ
ܹܵͷ󺹣Ǿˡ
ѾͷҴˣܹ밲ĮȻԸ
Ǿһڵϵ͵ͿܹЩͷԡ
һŸٸ
ܹܵ͹ŭºȰүȫڳﱸ£⼸ѾٲãҲȽͼաȸţΪรϸϸѡõġ
ŶЦ⸮ѾˣͻȻת˻硣
Ϲܼɻ󣬵Ǻʵػش𣬡ʮˣүڵʱһֱչԺ
ʮꣿˡ̧֣ܹ̫󣬾ͷˡ˵أѾ߶ľͷһԣԭܹܲá
Ϲܼһ⻰һȹˣСүƢС͹Һһġ
ҡҲûѾߡʵ̲ȥڸֻǸรϹܼҲû˵ūǶΪӭȢĸæòɿСֻޡߵĴ齲ŲڵȥѾǶܺáңۣһ¾͹ȥˣû˵
Ťͷһۣûǳǳơ
ﾲȥ˵û˸ҿ𼱴ٵĽŲ˲Ľգſںظ˸ūܹܵģΧǽˣ˵Ƚˡ
ϹܼһʹɫСִ²Űӵɫ
ॣˤ÷ǹŶƿмŵϹܼҺǾϣûҳ
ʲôףŭʱɫ࣬۾ȴԽÿ˭ڱԺǷǷõĽϽǮǹˣסԼ취
½ëԭӨǹںˣѹĲүˡ
£ȥĹġֻǨŭѡֺαظ˹ȥ˾Լķûɫ
ȥȥɺһ֣ѾߵȻ֮
Ϊүŭɨ˶սսԸͷźҲִҪͳԣȻгԵʳͬؿԽҲûܾ
ճ·̫ҽѾϹܼˣīǾϸط´ʣĥн˼
̫ҽֻݵεضЦһҪȥԶЩ鰸дӡ
ÿɫĲģһѹüǲá
̫ҽмʿ磬Цһ£˵ˣݣɫ԰ףֽű䣿
šһԸؿ϶жϡ
үصģ˲ֻԴԪ𡣸ɷҹ£˯ǳܾţ̫ҽôе塣
ԡû˵ѾȻشˡ
ǵԪʢС̫ҽŹֵؿ˾һۣڲˡк˵
üȻˡ
ϳ￪°ߺԪҩҪŬ֤˯ߡšЩⲡȻá
ͣͿ̫ͣҽд귽ӣͺˡ
ҩֻ˯
ⲡ߰Ҳû䣬ˣֻһ˿
ʣѾ߰Ŵ򿪣µĿ⣬Щ֣պӨ޹Ĵӣﷴ˺ܶ࣬Ŷ׼ˣ
Դ˲ҲˡоЩɡĴȥǳ£ЩϰҲá
Ǿ˸ʳЦؽԴϴε飬Ѿ߶ϸöࡣรϻ˵ܺóԵ֥ձ԰ɣɷˣǰҪһȦڶ¿ţȥСС
Щ֣ţ߲λôǶţ
ǰû߰ܶү߶СšЩ۾Ͳٴǰ·ˡ
˵ͷԭΪ˳ﱸ·㣬һôôġ
ſ¶Ļľ֦Ҷɿ룬᲻ǹ˼ĲͷԼЦˣϲʱƿϲʱȢλ˼ĸܣĳͷѾ̫ܵ࣬ٷô޴Ĵ


31 

һкг׵ζ򿪸̯ױ̨ϣüͷУо̫ЩۣһĬĬ͡
īǾǳҺ۳รɣϲֲɫ
ϲɫ
ǰţɫġ컹û͸嵭ĳī·ϣ޵ɫҲ΢Цŵͷɡ˭ںʲôأֻҪϲģȺʱ˵ףĻͿˡ
īߵͭǰüһεǰӣһҪ¡¡صģʡ˼˵ⲻ¸ӡīĵ߶ҲǧҪЦǺǵİ
ЦŵͷǵģҪЦΪĴϲ£˭Ц
īüЩԾȥ¸ܴ󷽣Ϊϲ£ȫѾ߶ϵӵĺѣīüҲУ˶ʱԵϲġ
ҪҹŻұӭȢμӻȴӿ븮Ÿ߸ߵЬͷϵķ׹÷ۣòīüȵ·޺ջô·졭Ҫһ졣
รֻҪЦų־Ϳˣķ䶼жȥŴͮͮرһһĸϣһ䣬·Ŀ΢Цͺá
û˵׹ھǿһۣòرܿˣǰ˼Һ˵ʲôأϲļοҲøеģӣ˭׼ġ
ΪϺ̫̫϶ɽ˹û˼ҲʧԺ˵ЦԵ֡Ө޹Ѿһ󲿷Ѿʼ˾ְкͣһҵҵӣѾΪһ֡
Ϊ˻ʵ۵֧֣Ө;ĻΪݳޣױͿʼͣһ졣Ů˵ЦţĽѡ
ƣؿһ죬˶ҪɢˡԼĻֻۣжʮڴļױϲƵҲ١òַͷǿ֧ţĻҪʼãֻҪֵ˾Ǹ߳Ű붴ͺáϹܼ˵ϲǵ͵Եģ˵ǹء
طԼɷһŮ˵ϲ磬รһ
Ⱥ˺֣Цߣ쵫ѹ˵ɤɻˡ
ףЦ˺һŵȥ㿴յſ߹߻ΧżִףߵԭεüĿĵĵƷ̾Ϣһο죬Ȣʱֻүۡ졭Ļ
֪Լ̫⣬ʵڲ֪ԼӦô죬ֻԼһò΢Цƽܲƺ
Цûб۾һݡ
ܾûкӣеĺ̵ô˴Ц̫ӲףѾȫ
үүʱˡԶԶߴ
ֿһۣû˵һ仰ͷˡ
̾˿˴˿ųԼĻʹˡİѾʧҲǸŮˣҲɷ
뿪ȥӭ׾һֱ죬ŨŨʯζǺ΢ԣüյݸһ裬ͻȻ죬ѹĴ̣Ľӽˡ΢΢һ˼β衣
޴ϲλ㿿ǰҪĿ˺Թ֮󣬻Ϻڵļ񶼷ˡǳûǵصĺɫУ޴Ŀ֮ЦţˣҲûЦȺС
æ޵ϲ˵סһǽ͸оңԶžúӨڶഩϲµ˴ӵ£ĻϺ̫̫
ףҲˮţɺﾭԼʱ˵ܽܽʱ򣬽˶׷׼ǰŹϲĻ죬ǲҲ沨˵ЩϲĻءǺЦȴĺһӶסһҭȻֻеʯһ˲Цģ˵ʲôģҲǵʯ㱬Ŀôôݵһ̣ЦԼı
߹ȥˣĿӺݵӭŷ׷ףЦ
ҲɹסҪ۾ˮĵشʱٴ¶΢ЦοԼᷢİˣϾֻɨ
ԶԶһ˰ݹأݹ̫̫󡭡ľþɬˡԼЦЦܻƳʹȷѾмҡ
˱붴ӿȥ֣˿ˣ߹ȥˡ΢ЦŷԸѾ߷طĶˡ£ϢĽƣˡ
жȥгص򵥵˸٣żЦе̧һʢĲȡīü£ȰһЩһҲûúóԿڶ
ź׽ϯ棬ɽ亣ζʽʡ൱ݳ޵Ĺеһƴɵġ֡ͻȻһᣬˮӦѾֱֱ䡣µز۾ϣѾǶûīü࿴һۣĬͬʱĬҲȰ͡
߽ʱ˶ǳ⣬Ŀĺʹ֮ǰ˴Ȼ󡭡ƳĿ⡣
ѾǶʮ־ϲǾһ·
һ۹ƵΪȴ˿ûľƲϣҲǸĿġ֡
ˣȥ˵طԸѾǸϽС˻Żŵ̧˳ȥ
Ҳȥ¸׼˵Ѿǣ˳ȥʱš
ỽһ߹뻳Уû˵ʲôֻǸͷΪ԰׵촽ǡ
۾һֱϴͼƣûҡ
ܾȥŴ͸¹⵭һЦ
ղŵһǣٶں̵̺ܶܶһ˲ˡǡףĴþҪȥһŮˡĽᷢӣʣģ¹⡣



32 

ɻҪ׼ӸгӣҲ˸ĸףӡ
Ϲܼʲôԭ򣬽รһҪȥ
յ֣ػ󣬾ҲԸΪ˼򵭵װ磬̫˾ͺȥʾ
ȥǸϸȻǾļĸ;ĹϵȴΪĮүźһֱסڳеµıҵûع
ϸЦõϣȴϵĶϱǰ裬ȻʱζسЦЦȥʰϷɻȱĽɫΪ¸ġ
Өǰ֣ڼѾߵΧ£һ֣ϲһź̡
̱ʵϸǰȥ΢¶ְϳʰչʾһȾѪİ׶СϸҲ㡾ְصοЦͷ
Ȼ׶еĺ壬־µָס΢΢鴤˼¡ԼҪȥѪ롣
ֺѾ£͸ϳˡ
ȽǾżҳȻ̫θʽһ֮ңľ¸һѾ߷ţɷĽŲ̧żʱ΢һ£ȴڵغˡˣͷֱԹĽ̬̲ס͵һЦ߽
ϸӨ֣ԶλϡӨŲϸʱҵѾ𣬸£š
ϸ˵˵ģԵظӨһ
Ө˽ھλãЦ۾ɨ֪ˡ
ȸ£Ѳͷͱ̵Ҫ˵үò衣
Ȼؽӹ裬ֻšһ
ȻӨ
˫ϥأѣò衣
Ȼǧ飬ʮİһ΢ЦµŮ¹ﻹίʹˡ
ӹĲ裬ͰȴŹ˵ţáŮٲΧһͬϥ³лĹĸӡʽһӶףǲรҪӨ;ǰԳơū澡ӹ̿ʼһһ
ӨѾӹһүģԺǽöҪĺ̷үү޺֮ǣȫΪЧҳ
ĬĬⷬĸѵʾӹү͸ĺʱ΢΢زһ¡
û꣬Ҫøͣ˵ū澽Ǹ̻塣
ɡ
Ө
ٻظղǸλþҪھӨԶףſڡ
ϵ˷룬ү͸밲ûϸֵĲร˻ϲȸԾؽӹ¸͵ĲƵĺӨǳЦÿлūŵͷʾ⣬ӴˣۡŮˡ
Լ棬ֻһʼ
ӽÿһ죬ɣҪӨʰÿһظֱֿ֮Ѫɱܡ
ͻȻվ˶ؿͻأľٶֱֱ嵲סǿĿ⣬˵ͷôⲡ˵ţᱧ
ร岻ãԺʽ趨ʡˣ
Щ£һأԴˮķϣʶʲôȻûӨı飬ȫô治ᡣ
Ťһ¡ˣͼѾﵽˣӨû͸ƢʹӣҲ߱˱ֳȨϣǰǱ΢ġӨǰһûʾԲһ
ʱ򣬵ӳ԰յĺЩĪ飬Խ˵㲡ˣͷΣ㵹۾ɵԽ󣡡Թ
û
ɨӨӣùĻѵҪл
һ·طϣΪȥЬӣѹޱס
ˣĮ߲ʺ¶ĻʡһôҲ㲻ģԺ󡭡ˡ򵥵ر֤
ϣԼܱ仰жʵף֮ǹ򲻹⣿
Ĵǳ۵ļӽĴ
ͻȻӨõİ׶ϵѪͷִһƫ㿪ҲոǹӨ졣
ţĲˣ۾ůֱˣ㻹Ҫôذϰѵ¹𣿲ܣ
ͷȾڱɴϵİƣ㡭ϴӨζ
°Ͱܵ
֪ͽͣΪѾĥƽĻƢַˣرͲ̽룬ͷҧˣø
ʲôںʡ
࣡ѿڶ˵ˣԼһô˵Ļûʸ
̱ŭˣࣿһû㣡
һ仰ء
۾Ȼ˲両ڶˮҪѰˮʱգգۣȻ󡭡ֻʣն
Լ˵˲ʶִĻܵ˺Լ˺Լ
ΪʲôҪ˰ţҲǽ̫ί̫ļޡ֪ˡ
ֿնؿˣܻɣÿʱĿ𣿣
һϣô
Բںͬգȴζ˵ڡ
ֻٴˤŶȥôԲˣ˵𣿣
ǡˣε÷ۡ



33 Ȫ

ոճҩۣǿԼȥκ¡ܺõҩڶһҹߵҩЧ
ӣЩ˯ɣīڴ
ûۣҡҡͷ
īվֱӣŴСüԥһ£˵ˣӣүվҪһȥһأίҲҪʱүҧҧ촽⻰Ĳ˵ʵ̫Լӣүøͻݡ
΢һ۾ɽգīЩ̾ϢҶ֪
֪ˡ
˵ᣬԵԽ࣬Խ
ĽŲûۣīҡͷ̾Ϊڶ
ǶȥŭһѹȥķţⱲӲͼ徲Ҳգ
ӨЦڵȫ£Ҳû˵һԹֵĻһӻȥóԸź³šϧǸΡĸޣΨһˣ
ɡšԼҪԺʱԼεҸ˱һйߡ
һڴϣĵţۿһҲã
Ƶսȭڴ£ҴҪˡһҪűɹѹסκһַһס죬ԼҲˡѹסˣԼ˵죬ң

ؿڶʱһƣҵҪһЩ
һŵûĸүô԰ؿ˵
Ҳشһѱ̵ۣѾ˷šһ·Ƶز˵ƺ˫ôᡣ
δС԰ʵԺ˱ҪĵطĶС԰൱ԶԶܿһɽ԰˹ֲĻݲּ࣬֡С·УܿͿһӽʵķᣬʽ֣ǽľ޴ͤӡ
ڣż˵ζûиϣͷ·İһ޳裬Ȫ
ԹԵȥۣҲԼѣȻһűȥ
ҧ촽ȻѾμ֮ף޷ǰѵúڱΡֱ·ԼȥӣŶǶСɵɵվȪ߲֪롣
Լˮʱ͵һЩҵصˮ̣ҳϵȲףˮûĿ־ٴλǣţ˺üˮҪ
ԼĶӣʹýЩ̼׼ȷס˫Ҹٳˮ档
Ǳشڴˮһӿ۾̵÷ۣɴŲ
ңҾͻ׶ؿţʱôɣĿʹģҲֻܱڻĵظοšҵװȢʲôһԸӣյʡ
ˮĽë˴䡣֪գҪȢҲ
ˮγ̾˿§뻳УĽģңȢá
Ѿܱ׵ļޣҪˣϣף
ҵһ
ã
ȢҪã
Ҳоطڳһֻȥ£Ʈˮϵ㷢ᵴšЦȻȢ㣬ҪӨ¹򣬺Ҫһ޸գ㿴ܱ֤һӲ檣ϲմȾŮ˵ζ𣿡
Զ֪ǰ˵ʱ飡
ȫ˶ڸ̲ס۵˵޸գҪӨҪͱŮ˹һҲˣ
˵İٰŪΪⷬԲ˵ۣĽٲѡĻ
ֱ۾ʱ򡭡סˡ
˫ӹǧصӲκϧϤ۾䣬Ĳмû
ͻȻǧٿװʹǰڰʱô˿̵İٷ֮һῴԸΪ
ڡô̵۹⣬ֻۣź
ܵͬǹƥɨƽ˰۾ˣ
Ǵ꣡ɤ΢زҰ㣬һֱԺĸһ㰮ҵأҡ˫
۾ʱûΪ֪ˣ֪ϵ˭
ءˣ
˫ֳȪıأ³ûòø첲§סļ컺ƶϸ壬ȡƻ
ŵ˳˵˿ڣҲˡ
ȾҶҲоս۵ЦˣҲҪײȥгزҲο˼¡
ȥ·ϣҩϻģ˯ȥˣӿ˽ŲطȻ֪ҩаߣҲ˯
˷ܵ޷˯ȥ
˸ı䣬ˣ
ѹʱѾһھ޴Ĵϣֻʹ֤񿴹һΡ
ǾⰦ̾СˣôƤӾôǳʲô꣡ô˿ţΪȥ̽ʲôƵģ
һСѾ߿޿䣬Ǿ㣬Ҵˡɽ츣ţҲȥ
㿴ʲôˣ
˺öСѾʣүͦģ˵Ը˶仨
ǾĬһƵغȥûõģǰģź˵
ǣǡ
˸߬סͷһǡ
պ£ǻǴڹҪӻȥ
û˿ĸı䡣
ñĳŵ򶯣Ѿ̫ѣѾûûȥԡ
ѾҰˡ
ǰأ
Ѿ˴ĥúܴ޷һεȥ£ˣʧġҪһˣΪҲ


34 


˫ϥڴ齵һǣ߷ŵӨҴصĵġӨֶܻ˵ʱЦӯӯ˵ǸĸΪ׼ģллԼŮչˡ
˵Ȼǿ׻ϣҲиΪ˵׻ĶϣиԻصҡŵʱ򡭡ֻȥڡ
뿪ǫûмˡ
ӣикĴһСҪüͨĴüΪǸͶรݡ
壿һ㶣еʹһӱˮ¡ˡƺҲֻôĹܼңºѹȥˮЦֻһĮ
ŽһһߴԺ䣬¶ЦݣүȷԸ񲻴סǻ
û뵽ӾǸС
ү˽ӹǫĲҵūڿһ£ϼҰˡп̾ЦЦ
ӹǫĲҵüǵ΢ĲƲҲֵôЦԼĶƼҲһ֮
Ҳǲɢˣүר˸𿴹ܴɨˡҲ㲻ӣҲûˣū˳·ҲѾߡ
ѾߡЦˣ˵ͷ壬ȥϢɣ˵
ˣҵϼʮأûȥǵý£ūٺҲ㡣Ц˵ȥ
ۣȥҲϻ磬Һþƽʱܶӣͷ׾ݡīöƱ塣Ը
ҡ֣үѾ͹ҸˣҪݡ
ˣ
һЦ壬ϰɡ֮⡭Ҳûʲôܸġ
˵žҲ˷Ҫȥīɫк˳ȥ
ܺõϴӻͳһƱУĲҵ˸ϰĽˣ˽ǮЦЦԺϷÿ¸͵ԼպãõĻϹܼ˵Ѿ
кƱǫûôࡣ
üţҧô˵ʲôĻԸˣ
Ѿ˵ٲҲʮҲѹѹһƬЩִ٣Ϊֻ泣Ĵ磬ûʽӣڴ²˴
ԺҪϸ̣ǵĹǮǫģǲ⸮ϵѾߣǫѾߣӵѾߣô
Ѿ͸Ƿ׷׹ӦС
īҿ㻹ϳЩЩ˶ܡ⸮˵ߺȡīһۣīϽͷֻгһƱӸī͵ģȥ
˴ϷŵĸӣüǳȥʱҲ˳ߡ
ԺӨ
ЩᣬѾס۵ͷû
ͳˡս첲ĸѾ߸빬Һ˵ˣڹסɡ
ءĶˣӵ뻳еһ˿
үүӨԶԶĺüᷳһڻǷſȥһۡ
˵ͷҴȥʵղţ˵лл
ллһֱû˵Ϊûٻ
ΪҪ컹ûѾæµү빬Ů춼ȥſںУҲ绽𣬴˲ʽ
Ƕӣʱ򣬾ѾǣӨ̫࣬ӵү͸ΧǶȺĵӣȻ޷
Өˮ΢ЦŵʱīҲӲܿޣֻЦףү쿪ʤûޣ޲
վȺôƽؿţߵߡɣû˵סҲͣԶԶĵطޱϲؿ
Ȼ뿪ʱ̲סһۣ°һǲԶÿһ·
ӨӲ˲۽ǣ߽еʲôıʾȻֻᵱ˵ѿĳŵ;ٶ
ãǵЦЦܶׯҪУһŭȥʺ
ӨҲϽ
ǰģֻҪŲ޲Ϳˡ
ĺգԾ䵭ȻΪ޷õģӾˣվᵭתΣԶǽиѡ
ԶǸʵСӡ
ӵ˾ģҲӵһУοϧá
ҲԳȥʱȻͻսʤֻҪ͡ѾӵһҪģʣµһЩӨЦЦһȡ
Ϻ̫̫ҲͳĽʿһֱ⣬·Ļûһıˡ
߸ߵսϣϵͭȺţֻԶԶžðְȫϲ׵ӣ˧ҪˡڣӢˣȴоҲ
ٱǰ˵һ仰ûᡣ
˳ţٴϺڴУйݺ˫˵۾׼ȷȺҵһŤͷٴθ̫̫µ͵˵ʲôĸ첲ġ
Өվúܿǰ͵ͽһΧ˶Цˣ»飬ϻ߹Ȥ˼䡣
ȺֱֱؿžϧӨ֣˵
ģûиۣܸһûܸκεĻᣡ
ǰֵһۣ΢΢һЦ
Цһ㶣һ糿ľͷһ˶ʲô˵𣿾һ׻û
˵ĻôôУΪûȥ
ԣǱӨסˣ֪֪˵Ļ֪ȡΪҪ߶ᣡأ
һٱȥ
뿪һҲãôԹˡַŻˣ͵۲ľɣ


35 ˫ϲ

ейĺɻ÷ã̫̫ڻϸϸͣ洵綼źҶ㡣һС̫첽ܵߣܹ̫Сֹʲô밶߲ԶТׯƼˣ񰲣ʲô£
񰲼ʣС׼Ը̫໮ذߣٻʱ򣬳һš
үӸš˵Ż͵ЦҲųģҲ֪ϱдűƽˣǸģ²ĵӣ̲סЦ
Žϣû̲𿪡Ѿȥ£ǵķţݶܼ򵥣ã
Тׯ˿ڲ裬üͷ£鿴ЦЦƵؿڣƺ̸ʵģߵʱиҡ
šͷӦһ
Զɹţɸع飿֪ʣûع
ȻһʣͲˡ
ӣТׯ²豭٣ֶˣɴֱ˵Ҳ㻹ľܾƣֻڲรķλٹҲɷҲҪһӵķޡŮⱲӣܺһ˽棬Լɷ򡣡
Ľë˲е˶ΪڹԹǻձսסڹӦ縣ʱܶ࣬ھԡ
Ҳ롭Լ
Ҳ¾費١Тׯ˵Ļȴһƺڿ͸ġǶǽһղסڵˣʲô̸ϡӣ㲻ôֻ࣬ҪΪ޵ı֣ġֻүġТׯ̾δ˵ĸп
߬š
һƬĺҶסҡһ£һģȻ˲ھߣ˵Ż
Ů̫źھں񰲹ùöһϲɫͺɣٴ̫ҽ
̫ҽϲ⣬ԴߡžûѾ´ˣЩϸ룬޷ԡϲСӡʵ̫硣
ϲڿ˵˺ӣȻˡ˸ĸСƢûˣٱŤŤ
֣ھȻˣ·ڰͷ֮ա
ȴء
ڴǰİߣûһ˿ƶ䵲סϵëƺǧء߰ûлظ»ǽдŸǼֵķ޷˯ҹǼֵֻֽѹͷ£Ħʹġ
޷ƪ빵ĸд飬ܸľȻҲֻ֣һаáûдȥ
ӵ£սʸˣɿս¸Ժп
Ҫӣ
ɱԼˣ
ǡ±ʣֻĸֵļ𣬷ŷ⣬ǲҪ˵ˡ޷߷´ָƣȻûʲôʾȥӡ֤ıĺͲ̡
ڸӣǲĸḻչҩʳ촨Ϣش
µʱĶѾԲܴ񰲹ùûЦ˵˫̥
Ϊս¹ϵҲǣҲİţ԰Ѻڳе¡
䣬סƫ˵ؿȣýһȴüЩѾԺСֹʲôڲ˵ɫŹֵؽź
û׷ʣʵͷ֣ʱȥ밲񰲹ùҲС˵ʲôͱտڲ̸
ЩľΪ᲻Ǿʲô£̵ļһֱûϣıʼŷ
ӨҲͦŴʱ֪ʲô
ӨҲϲ
óӨԺӵĵʮϲԭϸ˼⣬ЦʱʱߡĻҲ֮ǰˣ̸ĵϲЦ̸֪ӨĺҲ¡
Ҳӡ
ԭΪԼĻͻȻޱظͷЩĽؿӨĵЦ޷ӵкһϲá
ͻȻϣĺǸŮ
ӡݣȲรΡ
ӨĶޱȺǻСĽߡվǰĸŮΧ˵ЦԶȥıӰ
ḧ˸ԼԲԲĶӡҪȥôˣӴϲó룬ǰĻµѾûôǿˡ


36 

һƽ޲ͻŵ÷ɿ졣
ڿٵյůůĿϣƽ͵Ӧ縣񰲹ùڶȤ˵Ц
񰲹ùòͬӦ縣̸֮ǰ߽ݱƵձ죬϶ǧӷΪã͸ЩЦ
Ѿ߸µĺƺҲϲոȾҵضһ
ѽӶˣӦ縣Ц˵еذĶϣ֮ǰӦ縣ƺܶࡣһǸкصͷ
ҵϣŮޡһЦ۾Ȼ¶͵顣
񰲹ùҲЦŽӿڣŮ޺ãһ̥Ůǵĸ
Ҳˣ⺢ʱ򶼿ˣ֣ս˳ҶϲɫҲˣú롣
𱡱СѩŮʱʱӣϸϸѩƮ翪ĺ÷ϣÿɿԡ
ԷͻȻɧейڷڣТׯϸϸӦ縣ףأϲڣϲڣǱݵĻһǴ彫ʿʤˣ̴ˣ˭ϲ
ТׯҲϲϲ̫һ·ӻǶ϶ڻϸϸѩ飬ϲЦտܽ͡˶ȸԾӦ縣
ТׯᣬӦ縣֣˰ɣҪˣ̣⵱ġغˣķ˰ɣһʵǶͣ
Ӧ縣Źл
񰲹ùҲǹҫ棬Ӧ磬ǹϲ㣡ҲҹЩӣ
ж㣬ǻشӿӦ縣ϲ񰲹ù˵´󹦣ҫ鹵ĻеκʹȻͼˣǼ¡
Ӧ縣пطȳﲻûԹ˷ͣļʵ˵
ȥүϲɡТׯȤӦ縣
Ӧ縣ҲȷƼ·һգ۾ܴǰһ㣬Ļڵð಻סȷؼҺɷϲúԺ
ҲȥϵϲӦ縣һͬǳ
ճ޹ţӦ縣ֱӭеıʹΧռΪִʱı̣Ȼ֣ڵڵϲã˲ѩĹ˵ıˡ
ظүþڣԲȥظ
Ӧ縣ƺҲеʲô飬ϵЦһʱסȻ˲ȥôˣʣԼҡͷ·ڲĿ뷨
ȥ˵ɡֿѾʼӦ縣
˵Ӧ縣һ£ͻȻˡ
ֳһ£⻰˵˵һηסӦ磬үѳˡ
ѳ
վӦ縣ôһ仰Ȼ˺ܳʱס
ѳˡңԶɹš
Ӧ縣ҽһʲô˲ˣ˭ŵ˭Ͼ˼ܣǰ컹Ǻ˵ָ֣ͺҪϹ۾
ؼȥɡֲϸ˵ֻԼߡ
ܣӦ縣طš
㱴ͳ˧ǰӪסоǾӰΧסǣʤ㱴պүȫǰӪʿѳˡ
ֱվѩУȫѳ硭ա
ûޣӦ縣ĿȵӻظġûüΪյˣĵẮľҪô죿ˣΪˡҪô죿
ΧĹŮֶھ̴󺰣ΪѩԭͺڳɫԽԽתȵҺӿʪȵʡصȥʱֻѪһ޵ĺ÷
ΪʹʺܶݵĽļ尾ʶʮֻң۵ʱ˻þҲڿຮս䣬ѩȴģбɢܶɹʿΧųգɱȻţ˶ӰʬѩϣվǶ磬ɢҵͷѩǵʬ帲ǡ
ô
Ϧ£վڿտĻճϾĬؿߣӢȴôǿˣ
ҹɫУؿȥϡ
˺ѵؾʹ˻߬סϵڴͷֽޡĺӣ
ӡӡεѵʶĺӲ߸£ôСٽκκȥܲˣ
쳣æң񰲹ùһֱڴߣȴոշ֡
ӡӡؿΪ˶æȻû˹˵Ϻ˵
񰲹ùڿޣ˵ǸСӣءܺá
Ĳȷĺ˭Ұѻ˵
ҿͻȻ˵ȻҲ
һССӤں͵Ϳȴֵ̧ûУղ󺰾ͺ漣
ڶ£ӡ
ֻҴҵظһۣ־ͱźܳ䣬񰲹ùøõ̫ҽ档
ͷһеĺӣѪ⡭˭ܣ


37 


˺ܴѩÿͷ϶˻򱡻һ㡣ĽǶ˴̿裬˽ĺڼ̫СС£ĵС¯ˮСĹ
ź񱻣ŵ»ȵóҳȥ̿裬ߵСӤ䡣
̫СˣЩұѾˣ˭ȰҲú뿪ߣС޷˼ĵط͵͵ΣҪںߣ
ִιӣССӤдڴ˱֭ʱעޱޱȰġ
ΪгˮԹغ¸ζֲ֭ҩֻҪ˵ǶԺӺõģˮģ۶գشڳ¡
ҲΪСӤѡ彡ĸɲ˾ḻ֣񰲹ùһĶʱĸߣ̫ҽҲֵ࣬ʹûҲҪÿСӤӡ
Ҫµʱĸĸ׵ľιչ£СӤȥ㣬Ƥðˮ飬СҲԲϸ첲ϸҲСźӯ̫ҽϲظС˳Σյʱڣʹʧ
Ϊº£ȫŬеССʧȥյıʹ۵ĺӺʼֻ֪ǶôӣСոѾྶͥСѾȫ
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ĹԤףſڶûͨһƣ˾ͽˡ
Ÿո˯ŵĺģվޱؿһ˲䣬ֻãȻ
ֻźڵүϲ߶¯Ѭȥܽӽӵܱûµĺӡ
ǶȥĮһĨȥǵЦݣǺɵػ࿴˿รǴСӰȻӲʽʵµĺҲôɰô⸱飿
ȥصĿе˶ɫһ׶·ӡ
ҲŻˣ̵ĸްѺӱڻ¶䱸ֻҪ˺ӣҪƴ
۹شˡˣսԵˣȻı
ٿ»еĺӡڼǰɱУںҹҹʼձһϣġ
ģҲԸӣݻȻ˵£һͬģ̵ľٲľء
ԸһġȻˡ
÷ҡĿĻҲбģˣ͵ҶĲɣһӻ
һֱȥʱĳ棬˵˵Ļ浽˴˿̣һ仰Ͱķֽ١
Ȼӣ
ԣǷյģʧصؿ޺Ҫͣ𣿴û쿪ʼɾѾ˸˵ˣգǻһӣǷӶض˶㺦ô˺ˣΪղƽΪʹΪյĸĸʹ
˰ףҿỊ̇ȱ˸̣Ѫܣ
Ҳû뵽ջɹš
յʬ壬ʹھακ˸ء־ˡ
ˣһӣ
ĿԹ޵غʡܲˣ
Ǻ뵽ûУҲʧȥõֵܣҲһ޷Ľᣡ
οǧ֮⣬ʬɽѪոջĵһ¡
ʱʹʱоԡѪɱͻϮʱ޿̲ܸԼڼһ¿ΪӨ֮£ˣô죿
дŵʱܶ࣬ܶȴܼѡһ⣬ڶ⡭ţޣڸֵļ飬˵սӪؿһȦԱ˷ܣǸ߸ϵүȴΪһ䡰һаáϲͬյһëͷСӣ
͵֪е£ԼĬĬϲšȵֻӨġ
תȵӨĺ£˺ȵӨϸķƵı죻ˣӨǧƷҩ֪֪ˣġٲģҲϣѾˡ
ĲǵǸ¶çײҲһٶˡ
ʹԲģ
յӵ̬ףһ˺˵Ĵ
תȥĮڤĺȴûٿӺһ۵ӡ类պ紵ɢ촷ۣʲôû£
֪Թ޺Ȼ֪ûᷴܲǣԲԭȻϱһĺӣ
ٲϣҲĺӣ
ĺӱ䣬÷ˣ
նľٴϮֻܱӣŬСӤϡҲ֪ô죡
˸ĿԽԽѣʮ꣬˶ûУ
ˮںӵĽϡڳ˰ӣȫ޴ˣ
硢այĸĸԼȻ޷


38 

ںﻺǰУ·ϵĻѩѱɨ࣬紵ɢĳȥ֨֨¸µ졣
ϵīǵڽ´˵ϡӣ治ôš
ȴʪʪȵĺ飬£
ΪҪӭӿĽʿе³ƽʱҪַæʱʱڵܶ˲˺ڳиŵƽʡ
ͨͼҵС·ʱȴһءûкƲᣣ۶ƮİᦡѾ׷ΪһһּҪᣬƸߡ
ڴ³ʱ۵ĺڰɫĺ񶳽ˤı飬Ӳľ
յʬոձ˻װ޴餣ƽطõףӦ縣ιΣʱѾ򾲵ڹǰֽǮ
Ϊ˲˹ĸʧȥӵѾУЩʱ̵ĺӻȥӣǿ־ʹѾĹѪӦ縣κξٶ⡭ϣӦ縣ޱȵȻҲףյĿǷһٴ̸ϣ
Ӧ縣ֻʧ۾˿ʲôû˵
ڹǰ£ߵͷʱ棬д˿ǿҵǰǸ޿ˡˣ
Ȣһĸ۰ϱһѾΣԴİڽϵƽֵعһһ

ĸĸɥ֮ʹںɹţ
ӦãôٿӦڱĹײŸʮ꣬ոҪųѤɫʣΪʣԭҸһ˵ģֻаʹֻ
ڱשϣû
գôȥҪⱲôԼǷΣ
Ӧ縣ƽýնֻ΢Ļ
ſڵϿҲ֪Ӻܳªûа취ڽʣ̫ʹ̫ǰû취
Һ޹㡣Ӧ縣ŻﻯΪҽֽǮƽҲΪǰսϲΪΪǷҲΪȥͰҡûڡڡ˵ȥȻɬЦˣԣҲˡ趼⣬ҲعѾȥˣκκ¶Ҷû塣 
ĬĬţӦ縣Ļֱ˵һ䡭ĶѾȥм
ظܵ˳θİʹǰлԾĸĸҲ壡Ĺ޷ֲջȻıʹǸ⣬ľ塣
㡭Ӧ縣ͣס۵һ˿ϣܸңǸӣյ𣿡
ſڵϵ鴤һ֪⾸ɣܶ˶۷׷ףڣյĸ׶֤
û˵Ϊѿǲ˵ʵ顣
Ӧ縣һЦϣҲˡʵ֪һǲģҶϣյġˮڵЦ£һ˿ɣԼĶ֪᲻һеܻ㡭Ͳˡ
ˮ÷ۣӦ縣˵ԸκԸ⺢յģ
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ȫ̰䣡һУˣϳӡӦ縣ѯʣԽԽëȻƺԤеӺԽĺһӣ
ͨ÷ǳִ٣ǿ˽̫죬졭ү顭밲û䣬ͦεӰѾ߽á
Ӧ縣ӵɫܲ
޶ԵعţգǴãȥҪô㡣
ſȥʱֻ˵ĺڽɥɹǰˣԭƤɹͭɫվ߲ԲؿյĹ餣ûбĿںڰ׽Եø㡣
ö˹һķ磬µϱЩӲʱǳĸO@ˣǰˣ
̫ȣԾشӸϲò˫ֳŵأöֵʯשĸ첲ľ
ʲôû˵ԵøڳߵͷϣûתѾĿɿڴӦ縣ٴͷء
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ߵͷ׵һ¾Ͱ̱ڵϵ
Ųĵرϵ⣬סΣɿĸ첲û֧ק˻Щ
װ׵Ļѩӳչʮִۣĵһڷ쳣ء
ûȥ̵
Ӧ
ֱվںУĬһڻǰס֣ŻŲߡ
ôأ
֪޷ԣһҲٴյʬ塣޷޷ڡ̺̹޷˼ϺͽҪȥ
Ĺء˵ᣬΪ˳Ĺϵúѡڳе½⣬ʬҲӾˡ
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ȻͬУΪʧȥʹҲǣЩĲ£ԭΪѾȴͬա
۾ʹǰһˣڿߣǵİġ;أ
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ؿһƣ˲䷭ӿһŻһѪѩôޡ
󾪣סȥ塣
عΪٶȿرڻУ塭ĿѡҪĿѣѹͻȻ˽˦ֶȥ
ܾȥǸıˣ۵ͷֳĭʵ֧ȥ
㲻Ҫߵ͵ͺͬŻˣŻˡˣɵҪȥʱ֪ߣ
ˣҪЮʱûˣ
ֻҪ˭ĮԹޡˣܣ
ǿѪ԰ӿǿѪ֪ʲôʱѾôĵطˣҲǸ߰Įү
ˣǸӡҪȥ㡣
طݣֻԼ֪ǶôͿɱֻҪ֣Ϊʲô֡ã


39 ʡ

ǾС̣С߽䣬Ϊ΢ҩΡտ߻ûü˵ҩ롣
̣Ǿʶ˹أǰСС
ȴƺ޸о룬ڴޱҩ
Ǿ䣬հõҩͱǴӾҩ룬ɿ˦ڴߵСϣҩóС롣ôݵĴѾָʹֱϵļͬδĻҽ
ЩүŭȴֱֱֻŲรʲôû˵
ȥѺӱͳԸûƿ۹⡣
Ǿһ£ͷŵ˳ȥ
ԴӲร̽ɥͺܲԾүǣ̫ҽӺ˵รǼģүԸıĪĺ£ǸϽīָ⡣
īҲ޲ߣǾǶϣһʲôҲ࣬Լȥٵ񰲴ùá
ˣţֻ䵭һ֣ԸӸҡ
޷ӦȥǸҲģͻȻа뵽ɱ⺢ӣ͸࣡
ۣȥӣȥ¡һۣûˡ
ӸճԹ̣˯𣬾ڻͬڷ尾
͵˲㿴һۣ㿴ĺһۣ
ǷգǷû뵽Լô䵽ɱֿЦľءѾɵ۾ϴˣӦ÷ŹӦߡ
Ϊնչ¶Цݣֺּޣܱáڡʹʹ
ָѾ͵ˮݣʹʡѾΪһղסĻ̿߬סţ̵ƤãҲ޷ѪֻĻΪĻҽɢ
סģģֻ˯ŵСӤ
Ѿ֣УӦý㡡۾ûȻһᣬҧҧǸûˣҲһ𣡡
ˮһӾʹ۽ǻûˡ̫ˡ
ʵǱѺӴҴߣȻߣߣǵͺȣǷ׷£촽ȻٻͷǶĸһۣҲ̫ƣˣҲҪȥһԼʹ
⣬ȥʱô޶ԡӦᵽĳͷζ˺˦ǧҲͷһۣΪʧĶʹʱû뵽Լôһ죡
ѩԺＸÿݰҶСͻȻЦЦˣġܺЦ
ڱﲻض˶ѽѽؿսۣתȥȥϴĺζ
ʵѾˡ
Ϊᣬ㡿޵øСȻƢƵߣȴСӶ߲
һһСèĿĵϡ
ĻǸûĺӡеֺûһ
㡿޵һĸȻҭסһ㡣
ֵطǿ̣ҲˡŲ£УˮҵصںӵСϣΪʲôЩΪʲôΪʲôܰأ
ͬ˷ֵļضãֻܰ㡷ֵļ
ӣҰ֡·Ҳһׯ̹;ܷ֣ô
ĸӵޣ㡻صĸ׵Ļһͣ£ĸ׵ůٴ˯ȥֻʣԿ

ڲ֪ʱģ˶á
߹˶ˣֻɫϸˣٸвӤ
Тׯûؿͷɢ۵̾˿ҡͷЦ
һֱû䣬Ǹڤ粻Ѿͷ
ֱر㡣㶵ؿҲϧڡ
һֱϣԼףϧʴ˽ϣһֱͲǸͨ͸ĺӣٴҡͷ
ô࣬㻹ôΪﻮǰԼһͷײǽϡúܺãΪʲôɾͲУТׯģ˵͸Զ벻ĸˣɷһû˭һӻǣĳ죡þû޸գı仯ˣ㲻Ѿùô
ÿ仰ʵĬ
οڲǸӣǸĸףТׯ𱸵ζء
ܱӵģֻ㣡ôǺӵĸףϾҪӷΪ⺢ӵδȫУܸӵģˣڵڸʲôԻẦĺӣ
ľһ
ǵģһֱΪԼѾʵôȫûЩء˵Ķԣԭ̤ǸɵѾͷ
ĸסТׯȻһЦһοĮȻּڽı飬Ҳĸף֪ΪҵĶʲôⲻǾʻҪĻشǵģ峯˭֪ء
ڡԴجج
㻹ᣬĻϣ⡣ТׯһۣԼúһ롣
롭
ֻʣһˣҪúһ롣
ǰֻ뵽ȴûôӦôӦ
ѾǸӣòֺ֧۰Ĵɱһܶ˵ⷬڣأ


40 ů

ҩں䣬ȴ
īӻؿ룬æƬҡҡͷؿͷϣĬĬߵźںڴۺؿ㡣̫ɰˣ̲ס㡱ѽѽķӤеƺ˵
ҡΪҩ㲻ι㡣С·ȥѰңЩΡԺεѾʵ̫ࡣʮˣƽΪʱ㡶µ뷨ѡ
ʰźӵֱ˲Щ졭һֱû
Ѿʵػ۹ӣٴɥΪɫȻƱԭŨ񰲹ùϲѾӷΪ⼸죬ϲһѸŶҪ˰ɣ
ֱߵߣЩϴĺ䵽㡣Сս˸첲
û˵ֻվڴ߿֪ˡ۾˹ʣһƬȻҲ޷ʱ鶯ã񵭡Ī֢᣿
ļǿ
ͻȻһ˿ʹ࣬ĬĬ̹ʹ޷ƵؼأոձųʱǸ䵭΢Цڡô΢Цûˡ
Щôɤӷɣ˵Ļƴָµģ֪ûһԼҲѾϰߡֺʳڣɫѾ˺ܶ࣬ΪĺܾģͲԭôĹЩÿˣƤӨȻйƺϸ壬۰׵ļĵͷͽëںڡ
˵ë΢һˮ浹ӳǹӷɿһۣػӤϡȴʶĶעӿΣЩյط֣ΪôƮƮһۣȻĶ
ɲڴ£Ҳ޷Ų۹⡣
áöˡ㡣ûп
ľΪӦȻȸԾͻȻЩ︺£ɶ»ҲҪһЦΪʲôôáһΪݣ˶֮ҲΪŮ˶˿̣Ϊ⵭Ȼһϲóӹٽ
˲ǻڿţ쿪˫§뻳
Щʧȥľ˿̵ϲԲܹȥԭ򣬲ӡֻҪֿɼʻĴڣôԡ
㡱ͻȻϮ˵ؼޡ
ߣȥҲ㡰£ͷػִ
ī߿㡣ܵزᱧͻȻһݣƺ뵽ʲôɿ֡
ıȻ԰׵ɫͱһܾ˼ٴ§ʱûǵøˡ
ȥԼ˿̼ҪУУһȥ꣬ô᲻̽СȻͿʼ̫ҽƣƺ֪׼ζġʹ࣬Σ
ΪеûȫȻ׼ãѾ޷ƵɶԣЩۣûٿԼĸܣҲԳʵԴԼ塣
ҲԸȥ̫࣬ҵһԼȷŵĽڡ
ȴڿȵԽԽڤһΣܵϺͻӦڿˣȥǿ͵ĵؽгҪƻڻĽٱѹ֣ιļǣѪδζĶ㡣ֹЩ壬һжȡȫķˡ
ʪſϣµ廹泩
ҲҴϢʶң˫ۻǽš
߬ȭͷ֪ͽϣɢĵ׵Ρ
ʵ
һУĸı䡭ǾǿԽǵħϡ
ֻΪǸӣ
ˣҲ޷ΪռĵǸˡ
ͻȻЦˣôԳԱɣɣֻҪ˲վͺã
Ϊʲô
ҲҶ㡣


41 

ԺѩڻΪʪԳǾڴŻ̾ڲŹһ綼ůˡ
ȥˡ쵽ˣͿԱ㡵ȥˡڶ죬ڻûȥơ
īüЦǺǵ񰲹ùýȻӹԺ񰲹ùûʱǰڵʹͺ
񰲹ùÿ߼㡣ͣЦŶСҪඣԽԽÿˣ԰񣬿ЦءΪۿųһֱչ˹У㡸׽
ĹŮź첼Ĵ̣涼ڴ͵ӤСЦϸϸĿʽʹ˵һģһߴôСɰ˷Ų
񰲰Ѻӽ֣Ѻ첼ƿһһ˵СɮģСӵڲ߽ӷ촦иϸ޲СԷģװǸɮдƽյʱС㡴ϣ곤꣡
Сϸϣ۾ɬ㡣κ¶мΪĻм
񰲹ùҲӷᣬӨͿˣæ˭˵С㡵İգҲʮͷˣ׹䴫÷зүȻû˵ӵ赭ŵġ
ҲΪ˰ʹģ˵һԲΪڵֹʧ治˵ػ˵ôֻԽԽڣͣʵ²⡣ƢϤ˶ãһ϶ˣǲȰġ
˵ˣС̫ص۸ѳɵĽ𽳴ƵģӾ͹
ŽСУССƬʮ־ɡ
˲ŻطŰϵʹͣ΢΢˸һ£Ө£µĲ̫ˣûᣬȻһɶ
ڵƱߵ۾ʱŵİԹ㡵İաỺ˵ڷ׼һƲˣ㡭һҪ
Ҫģ
ս¸ЪأӨֿҪˣ˲㡣ԹҪΪ㡴ϯף㡵˻ֻôɡۼ򱡵ʲô̶ȣܸɣ
ӳоǿµˮĳʹѣ߹ȥ§֤һЩȻ˾ǣ꣬һΪúףϯѶ˵ЦˣС㡣
ֻҪܸˣЩʲô
ĻĬĬͻȻǳǳĺӣ
㡡Ŀˡ
ˣЩ˯ɣһҪ𡣡Ļ˽źϴûȥı飬ÿʧԹΪ˶ƴ㡣˵ÿһ仰Ǹӣÿһ¶ΪǸӣ޷ֵķꡣ
ʵ˼ӲȷҪʲôϣ㡺ãø׵Ρ
ʱʱ΢Ц˵Цļʣ˵յĺӣҲܲˣģ¾ͷָССһҲãÿԹʱյҪǰһֱôĿɱ
ʱ޲Ķӣֱ׳ذѺӶĸ˳㡴ԶЩܡ
ǻôìܣˣǾͶ㡺áĶ㡺ãּʰղġ
үҪӹƲ˶
㡴źСӣ۵СҧһڡЦſţŻĺס
Ķأֵףֵüӣգ꣬˵·۾ϸСͶĴӡ
Ҳ˼ͷѾߡҶϲЦտþûϲ죬ҲͣЦţζΥĻ顣
ֵȡû
ĺòˣǶ¶ϧı飬ЦҲĬڳ˾ŵĿȡ
ߵ΢ЦӲعţִǿ
֪ظˣ˶ѾǻΪүظԿЦһ
Ҫ
㡵İգģҲӦ
һСѾԺſ̽ͷкǾΪҶܰϢúҪˣүˣԼףɡ
Լף
վǺһЦӿӿסǿʼڳһֶֻһ󱭾ƣȸɡ
ϯһֱ㡣ֺīҪ΢Цܾ
ϯҪıڣϲ
Ѿܶ˼һǰϲĴŴĿ˴ҹյͬ硣
϶ҹǲϲףϲùӡ
㡱þòıŵõ͵ͿССӼĸ׻лһһĲ
ЩƣЩڳݲ࣬§ӣС¡㡲¡ûϵġûϵġûΪףûϵûΪףûϵûа۰ûϵжڰŻӤ΢΢ЦˣԺյݻܸܶܶİܸȫ


42 

ľƺȵò࣬糿ͷȴ۵㡼ĸ׻µϴ˾͸Ͻ˱
ī˵ˣ̸˯ţɫãǸȾ˷纮ӦúúϢϣֱīȰ˵Ĳ˻ᴫȾӣŲټ֣ĬĬɻشϳ緹Ҳԡ
źϲ˱࣬ûٲͣķűڡ
ʱ񰲹ùѾ͵͵ķҩڱ񰲹ùס֣ؿᡣھҪ뿪㻹أ
뿪һЦ뷨Ҫ
񰲹ùһ仰ӻءȻӣڵ֧֣ͷز⡣
ӡظ
񰲹ùüѾּӨĶΪӡкܶõĶҪϧܶƶĺӣĸΪˣ˵䲻˵ĻϵĶҲδⰡ
Ҫϧ
ۣЦЦЦԽԽࡣ
ûǲรĶӡ㡡ҲӨĶͳΪӣأ£Ҫô죿
񰲹ùԺ쳣ѾǶ֪鲻öС
ô㶵ؿߵĹ⣬ͻȻ޳
ôˣմľһü첽ߵ£ţ޵ûµֽ߬ĸ첲ˮܵصϣȴʪġѹסĬĬʹ޸ۡ̾˿§֪Ϊʲôޡ
ûΪԼôĹΪ㡡
ãȻ㲵ĸоµͻȻҲҲ˭ܰ˭ܰĺӣ
Ҳ§סʵҲ㲻˭ˡ߸ĮүյˣɷСϲƯ磿ֻҪ˫§סһʵˣܸܵģѾȥֱǰ˻ǳˡ
硭ͻȻԼǸĸ˫Сô΢ֻһȦסţҸߵˣУ˭
һͬ࣬ѪҺƺͻ˶̣ôһš
硭ҺۡĺۡȫתƸһúۣۡˮѽë͸
ԼǶġ㻹ҡȡ
㣿ЦʱƵܣҪû㣬ûգû㡣ͺˡ̾ϢƺǴ
Ҳ˿࣬仰ʱҲ룬ûͺˣδӲġ
˵Сţ첲§סʲôҪ˵ô§ҡ
Ҫסһֱ̣ɷү֮ǰ
̾˿Ļʹ֮ԴҲġ
֪˶ãг˯ȥ
ʹȻСٲԸٲģϣܰĻ˭ءֻ
˯ʱܣؿںƣͷҲҪѿˡѾϰʱ¹µѲ֪ȥ
ӣӣǾЦԺԶԶľܽʱīҲܽѵһϲӡ
ϲӣϲӣ
ǶЦӿЩ㵵ؿǡ
ղŻּүΪգӣСˣ
ǵۣûһգ
˵ĵϲУ߽մӹųҲϲɫؽ˳ȥ
ɻˣƺЩ߹§סʱ򣬻˵ᡣ
Ȼ㡵ӡ£ΪԼĽͶգΪӣҲֵ̫¡ڵֺ֧ͳȫ¶˳
֪˵ʲôô졣
һ̾˿ΣԼΣ̧ͷҡüһ㡣
ȫһ

ôһ򵥵Ļ˵жĻж
Ȼм
㡣ҲһֱǰˮлеˣΣһѡ
ī㡱촽Ը
ڻʱīȵصɴۣҲ˵
ɫӻͳһС򿪣óС׾ӲһӵСϣ㡲ǺϣÿˣŵһƬ塣
촽ȴûֹ
ЩǱذѿСӤУģӨӣû
˵վʵǱΪٿٻô࣬Ҫһ˵ĺӺãپңҲû취
ߵúܿ죬Ҫŵʱ򣬾ӴܹһѴӺ§ס
ס§סĲ壬ġ
׺һһη
лл㡣ıϣĸллΪģΪġ
һ˿ϣ
Ķˮ
ңǱŤͻȻĸԸ
ֻҪô§ĸԸ



43 ;


ϻǵʱѾǴĩ´㡽ǽߣ´ĵ˴æȥײӡѾ͸Ƕææµµװϲ֣ڶĻ̵ؿŷæĳ档
Ө˸࣬ĺüºӺ˼Ļϡ٣ͬһۡӡӨصͷ΢Ц
ҲòӦƽĶۣӨǿݵģΪµĹأӨǰδܵ޵٣δΪӲҲʹε¡
֮ܶҲ̡
ڹﰲ׵Ǽ޶Ҵҵظ˻ϾСϰ߱ҾͷƢ޲ֹӨĸ岻ãӿ޵ɤӶˣӨżҲźӿޣǶʹ˻ЦȰ𼱣ʮֻҡ
֮£㡾ԵûûΣŵܵǱǺֱЦЦűҡ㡴СͲޣܲٿࡣ
һ棬ƳһۣʡġӨѾ޵滨걧ź˽Ҳۣӹ˼¡
嵹ͦӣҭֹ˿ޣӨѾߺֶĵشүƽʱ壬Ͱףүһ͹ԡ
ӨҲΪЦ찮ûģֺðڶ
̲סܡЦȻؿѾ壬һšתٿ
˳ǣ羰ʱһ㿪ľҲʢ˫ַ㡵Ҹ°ڴ߸ָſ;ķ羰ССĺҲΪڹضϲѣǺЦţСֽŲֱڣһ͸첲ᣬ¼ϲûѾ֣ôˣһֱš
Ϲڳ߳˵
һЦŭƺô
ûش𣬵һۡ
֪ʲôԣҲװ󷢣ӡȷʵܡ
ֻеһֻĲรѾʵȥӨҹʱ԰㡱ͬ˯Ҳá
ǰˣӰԼһΣžڹ¼ŵ·ߡ󣬹ִġЭΪӣҲʵھ;СԼҲİˣںԼҪŮˣֻҪ㡣͹ˡ
飬ȻûϣȴѾ仰ĺ塣ˣҪֻҪ㡺ãͶãɷ򣬵㡵Ķˣүʲôá
ž͵ĲɷӵİꡭЦˣȴľ磬ǸҲŹȥһͬԸ׵ʱ·ϡ
Ȼൽ㣬дȴҲزԭ
ƳƳ׵ɫվ޷ĮȻŻͺҪֹ㡡Ը⣬ҡͷܾ㡷ֿ֮⡣
ü֪Ȱ˵ã㡣ǰİϡڰĸͷҰӿֵһһڲǰһþɫҲࡣ
ڴĬĬţǸ΢Ц
㡿˻羰Ϳʼ͵͵ǰ˫ּ¶ǶˣƲԲԴĵͷصһ㣬غ߿޼
಻ࣿʮ´СһӤ˵̲סЦ
̧ͷץסĨĵЦݡǰܴЦݣȴô۹˵ʲôҲԸפϡ񡭡ݵһ
泵㡣˦ϳˣܾѾߡ
ǰгеĻ§첻ʵҲʵֲ˼ֹ͸
ߵıҲҡκһ顣նľı̫־壬̫ʹ̺СϷϲá
еױʲôɫѾ˻ᡣδ»ĸѾر費ѣֻҪã㡺ãһ죬߻
үүһڳȻҪ¡ƺҲ֪Լûɫ鸡
˿װͰ͵ظʲôµʱƿЩ롣
үǸˡ˵С
һݣͷ˾
ˣü
ǣͼȫˣūŸϽүʾ¡
ͼ
˴ϸǵĶԻ
˰ɡ䵭غһ¸Һú׷飡
Ӧ졣
ԥһͼҪ𣿡
ص˵ͷǰǳ㡭˶ЩѹѰҡ
ôöҲųĽ䡣
ʮҵ˶ˡҲãһӶҲҲÿԵûϸ˵Ҳû׷ʡ
ʮꡭֲó統óգգۣغǰľ޴󱦲أȻõҲǿ󲻵áҲӦΪ£㡵Ϊͼܴת䡣
سǱ·Ҫߵÿ죬Ҫչ㡣ֵССӻΪӦĵ¶ˣͲʱüѾ˴룬һܽ
Ӫ󰲶ٺã㡺˯ţɫѾ͸
ضӪؽ䣬ӪһأλǿڣʯͷҲӦڡˣȴֻʣһ
ǿزȥգֻҪȥͲ롣Ѿװ˺ܶʹΣյʹԼʵ
΢ĽŲӪصĻ⣬˾ϵĳ
ûҲûֻ֣Ǻ۾Ϊڸӵĺڣ
Ҫڳô
㶣ҡͷ˶ˡʲôû塣
ͬĵطȴѾ仯ָ̫оϤӰΪѾȥѾͷˡ
ûʵֵԸҶ¡˼ɵúԶûʵֵԸܶࡣ
ҲŻ⿴ڼıˡ
ǰͣ£ѾߴӳͷŸ߸ʯϵţϸľ޴Ҷ
ʱΡ¥緢ذ¾ҪΪۡŮˣһξҲܺãٻô
⻪˸пǸп
£ȷġ
㡿߸ߵżյ·ǽ񳯵Ĺ;˿̡Ǹµ㡣


44 


ԶԶľԺЦЦͣסŲϸ۾ʶǻѩϡ
㡵ЦҲǻõģڳѾǳԴ꺢е
̧֣ץЩϵѩ䣬սѩΪˮָȭ¡
ꡭ
ͺֵЦţҲɵظ𵭵΢Цæģ޺ۼ꣬ҸҸ
ߵԺſڣѾǶЦſڹѩѩˣʱʱһССѩЦ㡷ʷʵСƨϴҲѩҶǵҶ
꣡ƳſڵӿЦݲѩףֻҪһͲŲš
ϰߵرΪȥϵѩۣ۾ȴػζѾɢȥƤЦݡ
үˣ΢ЦЦľȴһרΪ׼޵ı
š˵ͷ㡣Ϊѩһͬݡ
˳ӵرţ۾ȴѾ˵īԸԺеѩɨȥ
ÿÿĵ˲䣬شġ
ʧٽεʧ
Ǹӣ꺮ůСķ̣ӨҲ񣬶۰мӡ꣬Ӳģ֪꣬ʮꡭҲ߲ģȫĶӡ
ӣѾ˳ˣȴõ
ѾΪ˸¯Сĵط΢Цô㰮Եĵġ
ͷЦԭҲ˵ˣһЩȻҲҪһЩҲˡ
㡲ɰ壬鰸ůŰûæ飬ĬĬһĸһڿϷ顣
Ѿʮ꣬Ϸʱ飬ôϤôȻⷢĵЦݲΪչ¶ֻҪܿѾ㡣
ÿʱͻЩĵظм㡣סǸŮˣû׵ʧϡ
һطԸһ䣺ˮ
ѾӦȥҲ֪㡵С԰͵⣬۰Ͱ͵ؿĸط䡣ʱɴº͵΢Ц
Цݣ˲ģȻϰߡ
ȵˮĲúЩѹĿƵġ΢ˮΪ
̲סһʵ֪ԼҪ˵ʲôģԽԽ֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡƽ˾Ĺ£Ǳ˴Ϥĵ׵İȴϢڻۡ
ţôᣬǵģѾ̫Ϥˣͬԡͬߡ쾭塣
ҡҡͷʾû¡
Ө˰ɣʵļƵֱΡ
ţôͷغһ
ޣ̵̫˽ʵ˼ӨǷޣҲǡҪ飬ޡҪ
ҪŮɣʣʵҪŮǳ룬㡵ĸѾ˳աңҲһעεĺˣôǸΡ
㡣վҲæˮվšëΪáԡͰϿǱ¡ÿ̹Ȼ˵Ө壬ӨҪĺӣ̲סꡣ
ԼȴûϿϷһѾȵҩغ¡
ҩѾܻ꣬ҲûֹȻÿ뵽ԸһĺӣһúʹЦЦȱӣҲҪһģѾõ̫࣬һģ͸ˡ
ûдϨͷĵƣ鶯ʱı飬񫣬㻶䣬ȡõʱ̣̤ʵģǳȵġ
Ѿٱţ˯ıʱ¶Ц޷ߵ֪μĲ
˭ںʲôǱʲô˭ں
̵ֻۣİĺ㣬͹һӵģ
ű죬ССģغ꣬
еѵһ㡵һжޱС̾ϵùãҲ˹һߴӦ㡵ĺһ߻Ŵ¡
ʰ룬¿ţһסȣ꣬Һ£Ҫһ˯
ۣŷûһڰû˵
üϵСޣôپˣأ
Ȼû˵β֪˼
˯ˣ㡣Ļ꣬գգֺۣõĻԣҲûġ
ѣ§б˵ѵɣǰɣ˯ߡ
ššƲ죬ʵһ
Ҫô˯Ҫôȥ˯ǿѹߵ㡡
̲סЦЦ
ðɡʧܵӦĵİڻУŤһ˯š
Ϊñӣžı¡ǵģͿůҲԹһ


45 ƻ

ǵԺΪϲֵաТׯЦǺǵغŲ裬ʮֻ죬кŮѸؽ׵ϡˮʳƷΪλϣҪȥԺ￴Щ̵СкǣҪģǧˡ
Өͬһſ࣬ͬӨӲҪ̫ʳˮҲҪԡ˸ŮӨ֮ǰ飬ٸ
ͬݺڵĸǶ̸źӵ£˴˿佱ţ˵㡡㡵ԽƽϢ˲٣̸ŮǶԸ̸⣬䵱Ө档
ĳĬӨ֮ǰ̸Щ˵ЦĬĬΪ㡰ʶкǷ̻óԡܽżӨϵζˣ㣬񵭵͵㣬Ҳв֡Өһֱܻ磬ϸڶ覴ãҲĺܺÿղŸǻΪС۹ӵʽ̾ѣ׷ӨĶӣļҵ̲Ƶġ
Ө˵˵̵ֺͲأͷóϷ˵Ǽҵİֲá
Ө˵ĵҲ˵ǹ˵ĵط㾸ǸǮǫĵҲһֱ룬ǲܸȥôݳ޵ĵط·Сӳÿ죬൱ǫһµһС޷ǮõúܽΪ㡽㡣
֣Ϻͼ׹˵ЦŽڵǷ׷ӭԼɷظӨ󣬾ӨղŵĵطصվڿӨһ࣬£ڹŮΪϡ
ûϣкǶܽ䣬׷Ѭ¯ΧСġ
ТׯһشߴٹŮΪŪȺˮó̫طi˵Ͳ裬ڸϽԸȥеĺӶͲ衣
һֱطG֣Ķ̩ۿҲվߣȻ꣬һֱǳͶԵԼֵܻáͲӶչ˲㡻ᱻ̵ĸûҲ߹ȥ곤ЩطGϸĵ£Ϊ贵дһι㡳ԣôֱЦ
ӨЩζڻЦ˵̩ۿСľȻô׽ѵãƽİ粻̫Ⱥġ
ԭϿŮΪ䣬ҲûôԵģ׷˿кϷ
ŮΪŸ㡲컹ˣ
ТׯЦϷʵؿžĶӣŮϲԶһ
˵þһЦ̲סԱߵҲЦˣǹͬļ˲ѣʱǸ䲻Ӧ꣬ΪܿŮĿݵؽ㣬ѸٵرܿĻΪǾ䶺ЦĻʹΪ޷Ĩȥʹ
СݳʶһĻȻôϲЩ鶼бˡ
꣬ꡣ˵ϣ첻˵һȥ𣿡
ͷţӦģû
ӨֿѹĵԹЦЦԼĿȻǰһҲܾûһȥˡͻȻɫЩõѾ̫࣡
üͷǳһȻӨô˵ˣղ˵һȥĻҲ˵ڡ
ʾˡ
Ҳ˲ȼֹȥڴֹɺ۵Ĵ̹ǡû͹ȴĶã겻һ˵ģƺҲˣ壬ǷȱʲôӲѯʣΪĶ¶ۡ
̸ֶĵַʢǻӢʢѾȥĶϲ˵ϵ£Ǹؽɫ̷ֵһ
Ҳ˵ᵽԪڹʢĵƻᣬ׹سúϲһ
ҶǶȥ¶һҲþӨĸӴȥ㡲ôΡҺطG̩ۿʮֿġ
ڶԸղŵһĻҲ֪ơߺ󣬷Ը񰲰Ѹ㡵ʹʮźмѡ
ȥ·ϣĬĬղŵЦݶѾԳ˿ϣҪ󣬲ʡ
ΪӡУġ
֣ʮŨңͷ۵СҲȥƼ𣿡
û̻ش𣬵ϾǸûĺͯԥһ»ʵ˵롣
ЦˣȻؼһ·īǣҲֵظϼȥôϲʲôﶼ򡣡
Цˣͷ
Ƽϵʵ̫࣬ǵ˶Ƶģòס㡵֣û㡳ˣҲССȺʮࡣ
Ŭʹˣ˷ڣȦҺʱƤͨС⣬Ϊ˴󽱣һƯĴϻ㡻ȸԾʮ˷ܡ
һǺ«̯ǰӵǵǺ«øⳤͷһɽ髴һ㣬ʮѵá㡶ƴǺ«ʮû»ڳĶȺ߶೤Ǻ«ʱĸ˷ܲѡǺ«ֻ̫бŲܳԵ㡼öԵһɽ髣ֲһ˳԰ִЦͬ⡣
ųǺ«㡳ԣҲС־ιԵʱĸӶ˶Ц÷ǳģúܶˣһЦ㡵ͯƺҲͯ꣬㡵ҸҸ
Ⱥ΢رԹĸȺп·Щײ㡣æס
ϤСЦͷ㡿˳㡵Ŀ⣬԰ɫת壬ӨЦĸ첲˵Цĵ·ϣˡ
ʹˣʹˡ
ɷһŮҸ߹Ѿˣľˣأϲİ걧ĵܵ߹
ȻӵЦ̣ղŻȸԾѵǺ«ҲݸߵǾᡣ
㡡˿̣ʲô˵Ҫΰο
߰ɣͻȻһЦ֣̫ףЦװò
ͻȻ۾ʹԸ֡
㡻ϲʲô򡣡ɤʡ
ҡҡͷ˼ͻȻС˵һͺˡ
촽һ£Χַ·һ磬ľٴλͻȻʶ㡳ˣȫİѾ


46 Ԫ

ɫĻưϽ磬ԽŲͷ׵ҹԽֺݵķ
ÿŵĳüΪȫܱ͵Ҳ֮õҫ˶ڻ̸ЦƹЦѸٻ̫ƽе˼¡
ڷҡҷ̿ûеһ˿ů⡣еİ˲ͼһʯͷѹҪˡ
⼸ǱڣҲһֱͼϣǣÿл׸ϵʱãȻ׳ͼʱҪ˵ʲôҪʲô
ָܾͺԾ㡵ݡ
ǻߣͻȻ
ͼȷǻģͼΪ㡻ʲôΪӣΪӣΪԼЩҪʵϣã
֪һ꣬ϻô룬ôϣ֪ԼѰͼߣôô
ҲһУһˡѲ⣬պǵһҲ͵ַ㡵δ
㡱ĽᣬԽɷȨֱȥϣ֧
һغغ˵ĺģԥ£Ϊ䲻Ķע㡵
ͥĵƶǾϸѡļƷܶ϶һɻ׹һ̸ͣЦաԶԶţŵ̫طiϵҲʵ̫ӣĻӶͬһһѵ̫ӣİ˰ż˵𰸣ȴߵ̫͵͵ס
һĻǿ
ʼң֮ҲôпᡣâҪΪӵ̫үմһᣬԽ
翪ʼǰȥϢֲ˵Ψһᡣ
㡽ĸźãע߽˺̫๬Ůæµؽڵ빬ǽ֮խеڣû˷
ڱǽϣֻۣҪͼ׸ϣֻҪҪ˵Ļ˵ʣµġֻ
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СǻƽġЩҪģģҪģǸ쳯ǰƵĹҵΪˣ޲ϧϹᣬ޲ϧһ
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ūšҲԸΪһң
Цˣ޲Ҫ㶮ҲǵͷѪĲ£ôˣѵ㣿׹ڿڣ㣿ĶӣԸ߹ٺ»Ů޸ھٻʰʣô޴ǹ٣
ūʹ£м㡣ϴūūһңʶߺūǶܻرһūˣūڻϺͼչʱ򣬾ʵڸū֪Ϊգ޶˲Ҳ֮٣Ͽˡ
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ŵӨһ󣬶٣ǡ;𣬸ı㡵˱ɿ롣
֪ԼǸڰĽ˶ãٶܹ߳ʱ˶߹⣬ֻʣֵ̫񿴹һʺˡ
ǰҲɢȥ˶Ա͵ơ
ڻŽп㡣صһϲؽ
ЦЦֻЦǸܵĸף
ԶȺСȥǶҲ˲ٵաСЦŶ˵񰲹ù͵͵ϳӮʹ͵𰸾Сֹҵߵյдš
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Ĳ֪ΪĺЩʲô
ڸʲô첽߹ס죬ޣıô죿
Ѿɢˣֻʵسָӿʹ
ŻˣŶҡͷҲҪˣޡҲûʲôÿģޡ
۵üʺӣôˣ
Щ뿴ǵϵ֣û취ұô߾Ϳˡ
ûȻ֪鲻ô򵥣ʧôãͿҪ׼ϽǷһˡʱӨĸӡ
ޡ鷳ͱޡ𣿡ƽ˵
ڵ˵ͷǺ鶼ָЩ
ɿͣһüͷʲôԽԽɺˡװ֪³Լļ㡵ͷ
۾ɵôģһʱЩ֪롣
ȥ
ͣԼ޳ھϣ˸߲ҵ̽յĴ𰸡
հ㡷ڵϣطG̩ۿСˣ㡵ӭȥǴ𰸡ȥʱ㡻ͷ
ղȥĶվڵƻѤõʣʲô𣿡
ſʵôˣѹĻѾûͣûȥȴһʺϵʱ
ĶӣΨһˣŵͺ
ס
ҡˣô򶶣ö˵øһףҹԶһˮšЦˣԼʲ죬˵ˡʲôãʲôã
û𰸣


47 ĸ

ɣѹľ˵ɣ
Ҵ뿪ʳǣĶЩġҲɫģϿǵūǶ¶ɵ顣
嶼ƮƮģﺮĿԿƽ֪˿Ϳ˲䣬ѵġ
һƽһֱӽ֡
һŲһ¡
꣬ǷҵģǷ㡵ġֱ׳˵仰
ʱôʹ
һֱ˵ڽƱ磬Ϊƭ㡣ڡͶ·ֻһΡ
˵Ļ˿־顣ܲˡ
ǷңǾʹҵԸЦſ۵ģִֵģͣסŲŮı飬ΪҲ޷
˵ֱֱؿȻϣʱʹͣסʹ˻סˡ
ҪƽޣҪӣ
Цݵı˵ľ
顭Ϥͺܾúܾǰ§֪޵ضԸתǲԸ֣ĺҪŵϲòãһӾϲһ˺òã
µԸδʵֹ
ΪʵһԸҵԸȴİһ㡣
ģİ촷ۡ
Ӧԥض˵ãΪΨһˣΪĶӣЩѾŵѾԵòôҪֻǣ˿̲ʶȷδɹκԸκһ
޷һȷĴ𰸡
ԥۡ
ʵÿԸ֮ǰ˭ףʵ֣ÿԸӵֻǾ
һ·ԸѾߺظǰҲ§ڻС
ΣҪȥԣҪΪŬһΣ
Ȼʹ
ƺĻش𣬷ɿʧİĹ
ƿʧķ˵ԸΪһԡ
ԼůıŴŵͭƻ硣ȥ˺ܾá
㡴ӹ˻ȷû²ŰĵظԼĸط
ֱڶʱֱ첽߽Է§ڻʱ¶ܲס͸ĺ⡣
ɫѿ˳ؿûʵȥʱѾ֪
ٴҲ󲻹죡ǳӡı̡
ٵȵȣս첲ңһ죬һԸ
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ʥּɾȥϰ̡
ĵΪװףһͻֵ÷ǳ죬صûϾȻҪǲڲ
Ө̬Ҳˣ֮ѹƣ֪ʵƽ޵ҪҲ޷̩֮ȻΪ˱סĵλģ̵ĻࣿڣΨһƾĶȥ첻
¹꣬Ͽʼ׹֧ѡʵĺΪǵİȥ鷿ʦ죬ԵЩ˷ܡ
ΪǱԼĶġ
Ի㡸ӿģúܺãʦҲһܹأһܺطGһ飬棡
ĻҲĻ֡
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ʱ屻ѡУȴѡˡ
㡺ܾɥڷҲϼƽؽȥµ̫ܹܼܺ򵥵ػشֻ׵Ӳʸ
ˣûһ䡣
ظ·ϣһֱĬ˽Ѿö⡣
ȥ㡵ķ俴㡱ϾǸĺӣѾƢЦĻ˵㡲ѹˡ㲻طGһ飬Ҳúùģѧúһã
Цںڵıӣͷ
ѧһáʲôãСʱͱųδȨߵȦ֮⣬ˣ㣬ҲǸзŵıգԶҲ޷ץסʵֱȨΪӣ
īҲ˺ӣרŸչ㡡ԭϳɵĥµøϸ¡֪ǿջЦĸĲʺʹҲЦ㡣ϢɣҲء
߳㡵طţͣͷīΪ㡵ˮīһ
ūڣӻʲôԸ
ЦˣҺúչ㡡
ˣ̣Ҫװ磬Ҫʽϡ
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Ĭؿֵİ˲ͼ鷿ˡ̧ۣվڰǰûҲûû
ڰͼóʲô˼ڽЦЦڿ˼õͼȻô꣡
ϣҲ̸ġֱ۾Ѿ˲֮ֻû˵
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ͼôʱ䣬ɱҲԹԡ
ϣġ
ţ
Ϊĸ溢ġ
̾˿֪ôίˡҲްѻ˵ˣʵлʵ۵Ѵ
ϡȻĻ㶡Ԫƽڴǰͼʵ̸ЦЦ
죬Ȼ㶼֪뻹ν󣿼ʰƵһ죬ҲԳŵıʳԡ
ϣˡǳŵӨ٣ҾΪѡ
ü
ֻǿ㡳ΪӡӨԶе٣Ϊһ˵޷Ҳ׷ĸΪųΪӵġ
ŭ
ʵ۸磬Ժ󡭡ˡͷЦЦΪͼʸǣһĸԸΪһ
˼ΪֲΥʵĳŵֻСַ⡣ԺӵݣĻĸĸ׺γΪȻʸһСĶĸ׶Ժ˵޿ġʥϣҲǸûĸ׵ˡ
ҡͷЦˣۿ˸ȴϵ£Ϊ㡾ĸ׺ǻ֮˺ܶ࣬ΪĸԸһȴֻҡ


48 Ը

һѬ̴ů¯Цںлҳůůң˵Ҳжġ
˵˻̸ˣûߡΪĳĬΪ㡵£˲ڣο
ͻȻ£ТׯһڣԺ󡭡һչҵĺӡ
Тׯͷôѹ㡵лġ
΢΢һЦǵģĻᡣ
лڶչ˺ͺΪǰ˵㡵ҲԵôͻأТׯЩ˸УΪףοֹڰο䳤л
ǳɫѾ΢ڣСڴ죬ָơƹ¥Ժӽм䲻۵᷿ȥǲֿ⣬ȴиͲĹŮڿء
һЦƤĸоɫ߹ȥǸΪеĹ񰲹ù˳㴫
СŮϵ첽ǰȥ
ЦЦŽԺǽһ䡣ȱʰĴԾһרղضҩĲַȨԭò
Сʱ̽Щҩ־ηôȥϵһЩҩˣһЩûĲᳵ·ľСƿⶾ˵òôʹ࣬ҲôֲǷǳĶҩ
Ѿ̫̫ʹЩɡ
ǺһԵģ㡰Եը㣬ĵΪẈ̂ߴߴɵغ˵̩ۿһϷ
Ц㡳ˣѣοָˡ
㡣ǰһ·㿴òã
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ǺЦ˵СӣȽİĹͲöˡ
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㡣ǸˣԺ󡭡ʲô¶Ҫ£ҪѹҵǸ˲ˣʲôѶܿ˷
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ƻȻƵĹʮů
վӣͻȻҲоİ
Ŀͣ鰸ıīϣЦЦƺǲ֪ö˵ʲôúչ㡣Ѿ˵̫̫顣Ϊ㡶ܺúԸͰװˡ
ƽڴϣ˵ߵʱϣԼ˶ߣȴǸ⡣
㡿Ҳþ
ȻǵĻһźĽ֡
ϧ˵ģҲԾ˵ġ
ϣȥúúϧĿǰӵеġӨǸӣǸŮˣֻҪΣ㡣ϣͷϡǼĵԸ»ʵһֱһҸֻǡû
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