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ﲻϳ֣˭ƬȾ죿˭ڱݣյ̽;ҲакҲгգ˭
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    һ 1 

׶̨ݲУ硣ǵ֬ͬεǹ˿ˮݲиոֱֳһʳźɫͦơƶǡͷкļα̨δĻߡ
𿪺ɫŷ⣬̨׼ͷڳĹںͲֻӶϢȴš
棬ʮ졮ʳ¡ȫմĵһǡ¥ʴ
䣬֧Ӻһףʱݲ˭Ҳûע⵽һŰɫ۵Сȥ
̨׼ĬĬ˳ݲңȴȺбһۼļס
һȣǽ»մصȽͯ𣿡
ͣ½Ų΢΢ͷȸԾˡ
µĳɼôã˳սˣΪʲôαȴԵǰףǳʲô𣿡
Ķż߿ֱλЩëſȻЦвƣеϦܲҵӰ˷ӣ
߿ľ֣ȻҵһȦࡣʮΪϧ˵츳ʵ̫ϧˣͻСԺ϶ȡøߵĳɼġμȫ⣬ûʲôҪ˵
ָĴԼգ˼״һ˵·ܳԶǳգһܶණҪѧϰ
߻׷һЩ⣬ȴƤһЦʧȺС
ڶգձͿһƪΪ٣մĳƪ£ƪ´ıԭӹ¶Ժ˴Сѵ֮࣬ٽ²μ׽մصȽΪСĻŮʦһڳֽǰ˵£֮ȫı˶է࣬϶ϲͷϵˣ
±ֽĽ𲻶ֻһˬѾͷôؼңްɣһʧѣϰڼ˴͵ţ
ڴŶ˵ϰ֣Ϲãҵķɻˣܻ
ŶŶǾͺáˣû°ɣ
ô֪
ֱרգ˭ϰ˭ɵģҸ㱨ȥ
εʼ˵˭֪ǰȥʱ˸ˣˣһΪɫأҺֻתͷҵ󡣡
ʲôҺã绰Ǳ߱ףשͷȻשͷңѾͷû°ɣûȥҽԺ
Ц˵ȥʲôҽԺԼҵȻ̶ֳ֪ȣҲҶ˲ûзҵ˼
ԭ˵ããһαѣò˽ҲûʲôˣϰóԵο㣡
šĹҵ绰ڴϡŵƹ⿴˿ԼбĲˡȻϰ֣Ҫװܼǿ˭е
ʮԭãѵҪҲǳߡСʱС˲̧שͷվСʱ
ôѪȴΪ˵ļթֶζû壬ĸʣ
ˡģֺݺݵĴ´ȴԼ۵ĲС֣ӣԼ˵˭Լᾭ鲻㣡
ڶգ׶ںҵȷɻʾһ˸ӳٵϢ̲ס˾䡰
һЦӱĿϴתͷһİˡһʡ
𣿺ɡ
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һѽҲȥWHɻˡ
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ɻĳ˿ǻܱǸ󡭡㲥λǻȥҲʡ
ǡܲңڷɻ֮ķ֣ĺԵͬλ
ǺǣʿĴ͵ı飬ɵЦ
Ĳ˼һֱԱ˲ǣСʱ;ܲһ仰˵ɣ˵δ壬ͬĻˣĺԳࡢԳ࣡
˵ǰɣҽд壿ΪΡ
ʡ䡯ƤţʲĺЦ˵26
ĺٺЦɡɣҴʮϣôܽд壿
ðɡͶôаɡ
ɻϾҪɣ˷עֲᣬһʱûн̸ʲ鰲ȫʱһö̵ڻ˳
ۼ⣬ʣɫܺŶܹɣ
˳۹⿴Լ壬ͷ˵Ҽ洫ģϹŶˡ
ĿȡϸĹŶ˵и˵ġ
СĵĽӹ壬Ǻ񣬷ϱܸоһ֮ԳԵĿ壬Ϊ״ʵں֣һѲ˵˵ĵϻһǶأ
ɻˣʽ˵ҼϾǳʦҼҳ˵ǹȥʹ͵ģ˵ǸѹͲڣ룬ǿ϶ǺӺ˵ģⶫǹŶҲ١
ֿϵˣʵôڱǰԼŪأûʩչһ˼ûС
İԷ˸ۣ룬ô˻Ҫ㣡û˵ϾҲû֤˵ʺ
㽫ϰɣ岻֪Զ˻ôģԻѪãһСʱ־Ժã
Ŵ۾˵ǰɣôô˵Ҳֻǿ񰡣
ָ壬˵㲻žԣûʲôɻҪСʱҲš
壬һûһ죬ͻȻɻ͵һ˴һ
ཡɻĹ㲥𣬿սλ˿ϵðȫɻͨƣǿҵ𶯣λġ
ͨССĴڿںڵգͻȻֺѡؼҡʼЩοûµģ£ǳ¡
䣬һ׾Ķըҵ𶯴ɻϷľ֡ĵ㲥ٴҴµʾ
ʱҲЩˣĶ˶һۣæλȡ£֮ǰİȫֲϽԾ
æҵĴþ£Ҫͷ֣ɻ͵תһϮʲôҲоˡ





    һ 2Եһ 

ңҪˣҷɱɣ
߶ʣôһɲܺøߣʲộΪôѽ
ʲô״
ڴϣ΢΢۾͵ܣһŴװطŮһƴĿ޺ţһ࣬ͬһŴװ˫ֳӣסķ
ųعͷֻͨ죬ߺ޵˵μǸٱãѵһҪΪñ𣡡
סӣתԼ˵֮ȰȰ߶ɣĸߣ߶˰
סеıʹߵ߰סļ˵߶Ϊñ𣬾ºӮμЩǻô

һڱͷʹޣȴԻŬţ֮ǰڷɻϣɻˣ֮㲻ǵˡǿµƺһǸŮĪʬˣ
뵽ۣԼŵĴ˸ľ֮֨죬ʹ޵˶ʱͣסˡ
߽ľ˵ģ֪ߵĲʣһΪֻعģ
ĸɴ۾ȻŵˣΪթʬˡ
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μˣ꽫ĽģҲǣҲǣֻӢӾǰȥ
˴ЦۣţĻˣ͸ԵĲȥ
У˵ܳ˷䡣Ҳסģ˵ģɲɵˣܷʲôֻҪžõˣ
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һæҪȥУ£˵˯ͺˣα˷Ǯûµġ
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룬ѵԵ֣ŮָԼҲһģһ
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˼ʼ롭ãһ˰ɣԼҪٰǵŮϰֽӵԼ׹Ϣʱ᲻ոǶԷһأҲ֪ͬһɻǻ
ãôˣ
ĴķŻæ˵̫ˣ磬˯ɡ
ãȵ˷Ҿͺһ죬϶ˣ
ЦŵͷĿꡣӣԼڱŷİװ磬ֻ뵽Ǵŵ·ĸȷһʮصĵطΧĶĹƬеĳѰ˼ţԼӦǡֻءʷеĳ˰ɣֻǲ֪ĸ
ţ֪˯ˣʱǱѵġϴͷ߳ţʳʳ
￴ŮߵǰЦ˵˰ɣԸģ³԰ɣ
ߺ֮һͬŲ˺ӳ߳һΧ£֮˵Ķһ죬֮ǰֺôˮ϶࣬Ⱥһһɣ
ллıŤĺţȴ̵ġ
Сڹ¶Ժ˵ԭԭͽܣûܹ顣δѿļΪԷģһζһжھӴˣҪǵĹŮͺã





    һ 3а 

ҵľСݵǰԺٽ·ڣܺõһλá
֮ųͲĳԣβŴϽӣӵͷ˵֪Ϊλúãֻ׬ǮҪˣ
ϢһͲסįѹƲסĵ׵ĺ棬࿴磬ǵڶ¡˿ܺã΢Ȱ˵䣬ҪæҲûбȥϢϾûֽ֣ĺܡ
ĸӣĨĨӣһûһˣֱʳ͡ɴӳõ˸˺̨ܵ͸ڳʲôһ綼ûгء
¶ɫ˵Ϊ˰ºļҴ¥ǵ̵ĺλãҪǿ˵ڴģôҲãͲǴͨ˹ٸӲ˵Ҫ̱ǨȻᲹͬȴСĵطǣǼΪƫԶõط˭Ҫ˭Ӯǳ
İԳǵкڰ飬ЩôԵ˵طضܶ࣬ⲻǱһȥ
Ƶ߽Կ˿͸ˣɿǶ˵նôҪӮضǺѵġȻǳսǡһ˻ɵİɣѰ죡
յʱϻŵܵ˵֮߶μҵˣ
μҾ۸ġŵǻң˼֣¯ǰߣ˵ûѾǺõˣǾȻ۸
һĿһǰãıں棬ֻʮżҶ·ΧվһȦһΧ룬ȦŵӦþμүˡ
ߺߵǰ֮ɫʵССװү𣬻ȥɡ
һ˵ϰ壬Ƿ˼Ҹ֮ģǰҺȶˣ·ϳײǧû뵽ǧ˽ŵĵˮʵҵĲǡ
俴˵˵ı飬˵ĻǵǸȴмˮĵҵһ
ȻҲδеļ˵۸ãȴƴ˵ǲԼţ̫ˣ
δ˵ҿûƴΣⲻôסңƷ̧
Ҷһļ́ϣ򿪺ӣһδָЩ˵ǮǸǧİѣĪҪڳ˵˱ү
㣬̫֮ҲƢһСǰĿ޳׵˵̣Щƿ˵˭ҪĳǮǲŲڳ˵ñҼҿĵŶԣ
ڼҶңһӵϣ˵үǲӣαظ£
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ǰ˵Ҽҵĵ꣬ԶΪǸ¥ģİɣ
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Ц֮󣬸¥ӮҶ˱һӮˣͰѾңˣ㣬һԴӦһ
ŶӦһʲôҵúúˡ
ߣǵÿûбӮˡ
δ۷Ź⣬Ǽ㾫˵ҴӦˣ¥һӮҵıԡҲӮ
μˣҵϻص˵ģô˵ֻȫѽ
΢Ц˵ѧһǺõġ
ĸ֪˵ĲҲ޻˵
ĿϷɢܹȥҪֹ֮ģǲҪμҵӣ
ΪʲôҪأˮ⳥ҽҩѣõõģαظӹȥ
ıվ˵ǾͿõʳĺþߣܸõȥӮ𣿡
˱ȽױͨõĻҲе˵Щ֮Ǿõ°ɡ
֮Ǽ֣ҲֻõͷȻǺöҲҪҪס
Ĳסĸ첲˵֪ģ˼˵䲻ǲǣ
֮һ㶣ȵʵģ˵ĺã⻰˭˵ģ
⡭ڽ˵ģͼסˡѵ
֮߶仰ƵƵͷ߿õȴЩˡ 





    һ 4֪˷ʤ 

ҹ䣬ڷԥ˺ܾãһĸ߶еУʮص˵磬мʮҪҪǣһҪң
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˵űĹ£۾֮Ŷ̶̵ɽ˵ĪɾǴ˵еү
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ĸϽ֡ңȥ
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    һ 5Ʒŵ  

˺ܿˣСһҵġҹƵĻ治
ġ߶˶һۣصӣڳ֮ǰòˮڡСľٶƤһ֪Ǹмң֪ܵٶȥˡ
ϸϸƷŲˣȲͷҲҡͷһֱڸ̾жδ٣ļǻġ
ⲻҿͷһڸ¥ǣôû̽𣿡
̧ͷʤѩĹδ٣ıǼͶͷϻź飬óոմӳ
һѪĵ˶˵⣬ΪǻΣԣһֳ°Ц˵ϧϧ
δһʣ˵ʲôϧ
һЦ˵Ĳпгԣ˿񣡡
˵ʲôδٶŭˣһ¥˶һ
ָһ̰Ĳȣɫȱ⣬˵ӡһöȱ˵ȱȱۣڸмѣȷĲ
δ¶ɫ˵Ϊʲô˵гԣ
ּеһöɫ㶹˵Ϊȱָľ˵㶹㶹ָӲζ֣һõĲˣ˻ˣܱװε仨Ҫ£˳ûζӲ㶹˵Ǻòˣ
δɫ԰ףƽߣϸ֦ĩڵĶȥעأĵĻ־䶼زˣһʱβѣ
Уٿܽ㣬༫ѣҲʳ󿪣ǳһζĴɣҲ
δŵ˵ôܣˮɱôܻζ
Լ
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2ܾơۡˮκˮ۹ҳɵζ֭á
3лϣ4ףʱõȱ⣬ÿӻɢȥͣȣ㶹Գ֭Ⱥ󣬳ɡ
ʾ:ȱһҪʣڳ򵽱Ĥװȱ⣬һÿ300ңˮû





    һ 6ҹ  

ԽԽĺߴڳʱҲԽԽˡȻǾûϣӮҲ̫ѽڴиϺõı֣ҲǸˡ
տĺ͸ڳһͰܲ˿˵۵ĲУʱ˵ģȥ˯ɣܲ˯
ϣֻõͷ֮ǰ˵еʱһ㣬ҲһҪϸȣϸζͬڸȻһˡ
ߵͷʾ֪ˣĲȥ
ߵ;ȻǰкӰζһѵˣ͵͵ȥ﹤߶࣬ưĸҲаȫУ˵һʤˣ
һʯӱߵù๾죬д󺰡ˡҪܣ˴ס
ʲô
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|˿˵Ҳû͵͵ǹ߽ģһ˶ҵأ
żĸȥٳǵĺѡϺܻ͸϶˹غˡ
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|ǰһ¿ĵԴ˵ΪҸʲô˼룡
ɿͷ˵㲻ңҾͲȥ
ߵǰǰˣ|Ҳܵ˵ϴ¥ʱ˵ƾҹӮ˱ҵĸ׺岮˵֮ʮ죬Ҳ֪ʲô߾ƵǽҰûʲô
˵Ҷ˵ˣҵԼΪʲôҪң¥ֲ
˳ְ죬ˣһ߳ǽȥ˵үС㣬үǽȥ
̾˿ҵ|ɲμҵĴүǵˣ˵ǮܰһĿڸˡ
|Ӳ߽Ļû̧ͷһͺȣˣ֣ôͻ˼ҹ
ŵ̧ͷֻһ׺ӵҪ|
|Ͻɿһ߻ţмһλ˵үôҪ|٣С㳤ɰһʱԳҲеģαطƢ
һλһĸҲ˵|ôôˣҪѵҲõȵ߿˵ѽүķţ
λȰȰҳҵĺܡֻүȵҪ˵ˣТӳĿˣȥֻ»޷죡
|μҳĶӣүȡ檣Ҳֻһ磬|μҵӳ̶Ȼͬһ㣡
ͳһЩĴ˻ǳһЩ߳˵ˣǶСŵˡү˵°ɡ
үűɫɫĶ˵С㿴Цˡ
ĿǱ|Ц˵ү





    һ 7Ƶط 

֮ү˵ǰϷȮ˵СʶǷ֮裬ϷʵΪпѽ
ЦЦ˵ֵҹһֱ㲻϶һֱμ˸еϧ£Ȯ˵СҲú֪ܷܶ࣬ʹָһ£
̿״˵үСǫѷʵҸе֮̿֡ǰ˵Щǳһʱ࣬ǰǿĻҪЦң
̹ʣү˸룬Ƭ̺˵СָܹŵǸ¥ľʤƿľƣôϷŵӮ֮ҵľǣ
һϲԼϼɲ紩ԽǰӮ|ںˣμүԼˣ
˻棿
Ϸһŵǧ𣬲٣㲻ģϷ־ݡ
|Աżĺ˵ҪԵģ
μ˸ı⣬Ͻ|˵ұԣʲôʱ򶼿ԣһͷˣʲô
ү˼ҪӦҲǸˡ
ĺȹҾľƣȹ¥ľƣҲȥȹƿľƣҵľ㲻ϼûľƴȲߣûдľ㡣
ԭ뽫֮ҾƳĺþƣҾͲƼ۸ˣʱʹףƾⴼƣӦҲܺá
үĶˣıˣķ̸μңͬĴƣҵԵȺ岻ͬӦòӰǣ
˵үɫҪ׼Щһȥ׼һٵǹ󸮣һʹҹ䴼ķ
үЦ˵áãһҾ|ȥ㣬СǧҪˣ
̶|Ļؼң쵽ˣ˵ǲҺұԲŴӦҵİɣ
ĺһ˵˭ѽȾͱȣæž£ûԡ

ͷˣҲȣҲɣ
|û뵽ͻȻˣһʱ֪ô죬ǵס˵УһҪӦұԣȻȥ
ôҹ㽫ʲôҵˣÿ
ȴӦȻã
Ŀ|ɵĿɰӣЦþͲãҾ˯ˣвƵطҿô
㡢㣡
|ûС㡱ȻͻȻһ߿ֻڳȭͷãû°ɣ
ĸϽ³˵磬û¡
û۸㣿
߽ŵĲˣļæ˵ûҺȥ˵飬ղŶѡ
Ļͷǻŭ|˵㶼֮ұҲԣǱʲô˵㣡
|ɫת磬ͷ˵˵˵үУ㲻ɣ
ĳЦһ£Ÿ˼ҡ
ڳ굶صԺʱģٿ󿪵ĺţнҪȥұõԱߵﴫһμҵִ˲࣬³ųע⣬һŴ˹ȥ
Ľμҵ¸ߣʣط
ͷ˵ҵľʵ飬ɹˣǼҵľСˣϻõȥҵЩģ
ָһӻ˵ҪĶˣҿɡ
ţá磬˯ɣҽҪЪһЩ
ĵ˸̨ߵӻУ£ȻͭչԲչϴһܷĸӣֻǸ϶˽һͭܡ
Ľչᵽܵ¯ϣһżܽϵ֧ͭסˮƽ΢¡
ӾƸȡһƵչϸӣϻ¡
Ա߿ţһֱͭܵγȴľƵΣǸӺչĽӷҲû©ԸоŴֹǲġ
ָպ˵ľƵγ˳ҡҡͷȲСչϺ󿴲ڼµƲû򣬸ܿƺ¶ȣھƾеϡˮķеأ
˻𣬿ڳ˺ܾãע⵽ͬһ̨ͬʱṩһʱʱ⣡
Ȼȷܱ֮ǰҪһЩ
֮󣬿ĳ˽չ̨ϣͬʱͭˮһ̨ϼȡչˮһһ׾ƣһͬˮͬʱȡˮǱðʱ¶ȽͣټȣһֱǺˮڽδ״̬
ȻľƺͺˮͬΪݲһڼȹյҲһ¶Ȼв졣֪ںܴƲ¶ȣĿǰķˡ
һᣬȥƷľƣ䲻ǺǱκξľƶҪŨˣ
Ϩʰϴ֮Ѿʱ۵ĲУ֪Ȼ̨˯ˣ
ơ
ҴŨȸԭͲĸ־ƾϣǶϸߵԾơ
ƵԭһǸȻǷֻתΪǵĵ۵ʡۡᡢˡˮססȡǺ͵۾ĸͺƾþƾķе㣨78.5Cˮķе㣨100CͬԭҺ߷е֮䣬Ϳɴռƾɷֺζʡ





    һ 8еѧ 

ı˽ʱѴȵķָ|վԼǰɫĿԼ
۵Ĳˣż˵ôڳ˯أҲãҲǰȥ˯ģ
վ½Ӳĸ첲ȣǸЦЦ˵֪˯أû¡
ָָ|˵㣬ͭϳɣϴһ¾ȥҡ
|Ȼʮ˿ûзĽͭչϳֱϴϳʱҲû
һû˯þһε˯ˣ|ʱŷԼ|ļ˯ˣˮ˱һ磡
ĨһǣıǸ˵Բ𰡣Ū·ˣ̫û
|ʪ磬˵˭һˣҪ
۾˵㲻֪豸жӰ췢ӣҲôڰΪ˭
|ûϻ˱չȥ
ûθĴţ쿴ˣݺݵĳһ룬źɣɵĸʡеһƴˣôôǮҲûô׬Ǯɣ
һӺ˼룬ֱүͣ
ղͬүλμҵ岮Ǽλ岮ĺͿʼ˽һλ߳˵˼Զţҿףڿǿǰɣ
˼Զү֣˵壬μϵ輸˶޽չԸһԡ
ż˵ѵԣطӲŮŮǸޣ֪ط֮ǻԽΪӣǣǸŮ޶
žˣ̲ס˵ֲǼطŮ
үȵ˵㲻Ƶ䷽֪߾Ƶ
ĵͷ˵ҵҹƣƷƷҲûʲôءʲôطǷ׾׸ɣӳɰɣúƳɵ𣿡
⻰һڣ|ڵڳ˶Ծˣүʵطô֪ģ
ʼ˵ȳ£Ʋô𣿡
үµ˵ɲԣμҵľƺƿľƾͲһƷƵԭϣ
ҪˣΪѰĶԭЩ˵طһš
˵ƿľƺμҵľƿɲһƣǸƣڸвԶڽͰ׾ƣšζ񣬺͵Ƶ㴿صܲһ͵ľζǷȱҹŨֵͣͷȻûƿĶˡ
仰ڳ˵һһүЦ|۹⣬ŮȻ塢λֵֶܣû˰ɣ
˷׷׵ͷү˵С㣬θƾƵζɣ
ĿΧ˶ӡвˬ˵ֻⷽ|ȥ
үһ㶣ֺǺЦС⣬ֻȮҲ޷ͽ˽ʰá
ɻֲʵУĺ|˴һ߽ͭ˳һʱ˳ˣֻ|һƣ˷ܵ˵ĲһˣζĲһˣ
һӵϣƺһ򿪣һ󴾸͵ľƮǱУүҲȲãϽž̳ұƷȥˡ
ĴȺм|˵չðɣȻȥˣҪҺ˯
|۹ڵĿ˵л㣡ҶҲὫⷽ˵ġ
ı죬ֻǲ뱻˶Ųֻ|һ˽ٶһ˼ˡҲûͣڳ˯˯ʲôҲ˵ˡ
|ƤֻܣϽؼң˯ŵĿ³ʱЩһ٣
С⡿
֪Щ
Ƿֱǰ(Brandy)ʿ(Whisky)ؼ(Vodka)ƣGinķ(Rum)й׾(Spirit)





    һ 9һ 

󣬽ĴƹǾƿ¥Ļ
ƿ¥úأ¥֮Ҫһλȣ֮ͨһͥԺͥԺСˮõĸ԰һȤСͥԺи¥ƽʱ򣬾ͰڷЩ¥֮Сľ¥ѣȫоһʳ¥
Ϊƿṩ㹻ĳظһ̨ͬԣƿа
һ磬ĸڼҿ꣬˾ʹŵߣľƿ¥ȥһȳˣߺһĵָ¼ѵʮ죬࣬ǿӦһ¡
·ϣһɣһֱԼʹǱǺܶˣһֱڿͺá
ƿԱ֮󣬾ѾߴͥԺߡһ·ͥԺľɫһ·ߵеĳϡԭΪԼˣ˭֪ļҾȻˣ
Ļųأغܴΰ̨ڲԶĸ̨ϰ˺üĥţӦίϯɡƿΪҲܵսĿ˿Χĸ¥㣬Ըӽǹۿ
ߺһѾ򳡵룬һѾܱߵһ¥Ĺۿϯȥ
ϸ¥¥ı˺һλÿǸˣ||һ˱ġ|λúãˬĹȥͬ
һΪǻأȲȽһ
£|Ϳ˵ĸһۣװѾĲ裬һߺһ߿
̨߶վˣҵ٣¥˲̨࣬ԲԼҵĴ죬ݵӡڸ¥Ĵ£үԴϣΧһɫΧȹߣĿеĵ
Ŀү|ĵܲӮƿѽ
|Ŭ˵ҵһôԴĻȻӮˣſɣ
ЦЦ
ƿ̨ԣһĵע⣬࿴˼ۡ
|񶼿ˣ̵ӶˣǳƯ𣿡
Ǹ䳤ڣ˵ĻҲĿ档ĿĲ֣ӵֺɣŲ˵ĸоЭĲ˵תɣת𹿰һ
˼أ
ĵĲǣ|ŭˣιŮӼһ˿ѵ֪߳𣿡
ĵ˵ôҰ˭Ϳ˭߳ܲ߳ʲôϵ
|ţ裬תͷġͻȻΧ˹̽ͷһһ׺ӵ˵Ĵӵίϯ
ע⵽˵壬ͷС
˭𣿡
|ĵ۹ʮ죬Ц˵Ů˼ʶ̾Ǽʶ̣үүʶǰأ˭ʶ
үү
¶һ˵ı顣֮ǰһֱ֣μҼʹǸɹңҲڽۡ޵ôɷǳԭǼѽ
һ㣬ĺܺʣαҲμӣΪ˱ӣүүίѽ
|һԺ˵ʹүүίҲû˸˵ʲôүү˽һģ˭һɣԼ鷳ιǸ׳ġ
ŶŶĸ˭
үүߵ֪ίģȻƷСоҪΪ֪ˣȻӣպƿ¥еˡ֪ߵƿϰϰ塣үүұߵһǴұߵڶ˿ׯķϰ壬Ƕ˶ίүǺĴ壬ϲʳϰǳ˿ˣһʳǶ˶Ʒоίǿǿ
|ϲ˵ţһһͷֱһͭ𣬴Ҷˡ
αϯվһˣƿ¥ϰ壬˵λͬˡλףҳа˴ʳȫҶƿĶ֧֣Ŵ֪ĺˣӮô˴ʳ̼ҽǾٽĸĽʹȨһ²Ķ飡
¥δϰ壡
үԼαϯΧĹڱȭЦĺǫѷ|¥ϵĽкźעĿ
ƹݲǿƹƳ
һ׷ǰһЦе˼
̼ʳǲ̼ҳŮ֥С㣡
Ľ֥ˡ֭һûע⣬Цˡˮʪ|½ģҲκβá
ۣǸǸûע⣬ԭŮѽҿŮ𣿡̽ͷȥһŸ߸βŮվڲ̼ǵĴ£Ӣˬнüĸо
ϰţǲϸӡ
ͣ͡
߳Ŵ󺰵Цˣ͵͵´Ĵָ
ƿ¥Ǳֵ
ĿӸתƵϣǰǸӵĿԭƿ¥
ϰֿʼܼαȴһֱϵǷ򶨺͵죬ֵĴ
оȵ΢΢̧ͷӭϿĵĿ⣬΢Ц
Ƕ˵ġüĿ顱|׽ȥˣһķ˵ĸоǵһγ
̡һָܵһǿҵĿ⣬ֻϷ¥ߵǸŮԣһĿѵĿǸ鶯Ůֿ˧кͻȻͷЦ
ߵһǰ칫ӣôˣ
Цҡͷ˵û£ֻͻȻýҲûеġ

ÿķϣҸƼƱ~~~ƱƱ~





    һ 10 

һͭ죬֪վ˵潫еһԣԵΪˡֵˡз졯ĽʱڣʱζȻзĪˡ֧зΪһˣʱΪ㡣Ϊǵ㣬ʼ
|үүȼ¯е㣬жʱæһƬ
ſڴ߿Ÿ֪ıԣʱߺϡ
ڲǰΪ鶼ǰһ챻֪зΪҸһȴʧĲˡûָӮֻҪסҵǱ
ֻߴӳһֻԲԲСϣϲ̵̨ܻߣȻǰĵľ꣬Ŷ̨µйоصһϴзȥзθ
|ʮУһ㶼żҲ֪˭⣬εĿԸ¥ǴΪүֵĲ˾зǯ
̽ͷҵȻģó𣿹ôã绹һڽڸʲôȫԼǰ˵Ҫĵľ
תͷһЦ˵ȵȿ֪
뵽һ£ʵιзǯоƵϺҪõľĻûģ
|սС˵Ȼģ֮󣬲ƺúˣĲҲ㣬ҼͷӸ˻ˣ
װƵ˵ˡˣε˼ҲӮˣ
ǿɲǣ
˵֣ȴһ󾪺ǼæȥȴѾˣ
ţÿٶȣķԷθĸ̾Ҳ̫˰ɣ
|Ϊ˵죬Ȼ
ĲڵĹ͢ˡĺ͢з伫ټⲻλίĿԴҲ˾׼⵹ǷϹ͢˵ı׼
Ƶͭʢֻʴͨззɫ¶зϸһƵзƣңÿзǯ϶ɫܲͷףʮֺÿзʵǶɿƴƵģз¹ҪζĶࡣϸ˼ÿʮ⣡
ɫ˵ʳ̲ס˵ۣҺ볢һŶ
˵꣬Զ㳯ЦЦһ㶣ôԶõûôɣ
|Ĳ֮овʼע׵ĲˣֱʵһŨŨзζ֮ŵЦ
ʱѵҶԼõĲˡƿĺ͢з¥зǯƹݵ˿з̼ʳѩз«ǾġѡǸǧ
λίλαʼһһƷˡĺ͢зζΣɫζȫͷϰȸŵۣ֪룬֪ۣ꣬ۡüͷ
¥зǯնίϯ˱㶼ŵƿϰҲȵġסһû뵽¥ľƻ㣡
Ʒ֮λίš|¥ϡЦ˵ɣ϶ҵӮ
ûעƹݵ˿зҲܺÿί֮ȴֻۡ
˵ʦν˿зҪ˿зһ˲ζֱ÷˿̵ףõз棬Ȼ֭ķ˿˿ûζôܽ˿зأ
ֵʦЩΣ˵һζ׷ۣõķ˿ɫңûɫΪλֻзע⵽˿㣬ʵǱĩˣ
˵ͷƷ̼ʳѩз«һ˸ţ˸̼ҴС΢ЦллλǰƷ֥֪޷ʤǵͻȻأֻȡ֮ȡýյĳɼѾʮˣ
ϰ尲οϣϰܹտСɫζʳԴֻͣõ֮ϾҪΪѷɫˣٽ
ǰôңڵȵ˸ϳЩţĶѾ̧İ״̡
ѩз«

з⣬«зֱ̹ŷ͹أĩ󣬷зƺз⳴ζϾƣӸ󿪺κͺǵζˮ۹ͺ«ϼɡ





    һ 11 
״мʢһֻϣԲԲĶгһһС֣ȥȿƳɿĵѣСĴپ͵ѵĸӡ
ƤϵӣյĲ¶ѩ׾ӨĶ⣬䣬һƬӨ
ԲԲĶϣ֪ʵϰ壬ǱзⶬϵٺÿҲѽ
֮ǰһ˵ȮӺСŮȮӶԸλһ¡
˵ͷתͷһģĸȻһVƣ߲ߵ̨ϡ
ˡλǰ˵ֽѡ뿴׾ƤΪ񣬹еˮһǾӵĴ
ߵĽ˵ſע⵽ϵ׺żֻ񻨣һЩ񻨾ŵĻǶһ򿪣ֳˮ״Ҳע⵽񻨴򿪵ʱ͸Һ壬̵׽һ
򿪣˿ǰõģΪһڷ˲˼
߼˵λҲֻа̶ɫ̫ߴҵ˼롪̹뵽ߣȺαŷӰռҼҵӣ͸ǽͽʲôľӣ
ڸ̨ϣԱ˻ǵУ̵صҺԭЩҺǰ׾ơ
ڰɫԾˡˮҲš֡͡񡱡⾰λίһ̶߽ҿѸǣһֱзڶڣɫзԻɫ֭ȰڵʱŶϵƮݳΪ֮һ
˵ǸߴҡǿϢǾ
ã˵ĺã¥ϴͷ𣬶ʱΧһƬккܶΪǾ򱧲ƽģ
ίû뵽ǵĲ˻ûгڣôࡣϰΧ˵λƷһѡζΣȻɼʤߡ
˵ĽкУλίӲͷƤһšĳɼɼĵϣϾڵĶģĲˣ
£Ǻƿһšһ¥ţϰҪһָ¥ʤʱͻȻʾлҪ˵
վ˵ϷոƷλĴϰǰл˵һõĲˣɫζȱһɡƿ¥ĺ͢зζõģֻϧ칫ûע⵽ǹ͢˵塣ĺ͢зǴǴĺһĺ壬˷ŵǾʳϣͲˡΪ֪Ÿһ𣿡
ɫȭллָ㣬ضģ
ֶ˼Զ˵зǯĺܺãкܴĳǣĳƶСƾƵطܵõţϷ򿴣һ֣ʤˡ
ǲģģҶܾȣķֺܶĿⶼԼֻɵЦӦ
ϰλίλ
˼Զ˵׽ѵǣ¥ңԳӮңλС
һ˳ˮۣΣϵģҾȻ˵һֵʤ
Ŀ¥׺͸ǰǣǵֱѣ磬ӮˣǾȻӮҮ̫ˣ
һĵԴͷһ
ǰлл㣡
˵̹ǿϢ˵ĺãСӲ
˵ǰˣЩý˵ġ
Ŷһ£ЦģСѾͷ֪䡮̹˶ǮȨ㲻ǿȨ
Ƥ˵£ȻˡΪ¶۸ѽԣ֮ض

үүʲôЦôģ|үүˬʵЦֲ죬ǵһɣ
Լ˵|СĽүүϲĺܣҪѧϰѽ
|ϹĻشšǡͷȴļüŪʮֵĲ
ĺһɫȴ˴Ҷһʱ˲ˡųЦǰ˼
 





    һ 12 

˵һ׼ؼҳзǵ¥Է֮ΪڼҿϣȥԷԼؼȥˡ
ߺ|ͬһÿδٵм䣬|࿴ۣҲӵ۵|̲ס˵ߣҸƵģүô𣿡
ߺߺߵ˵ֻǣȻһμõʱΪʲô۸˯ֱ
|ԩˮһ治ҵĴȶһЩָ˵˾䡮Ů正ٹͷͰŵĵºˣ
˿Ľ˵滳ԼˣѾͷǾŮȫǷŮҿ㵨ҲûôСǲǹģ
Ķ˸˵Ը䲻㳤˻ҵСǲˮһεİ㶼֪Ǹʱû㲻ǰǷǳСŮӣʱ䷭츲صıԣ֪᲻˵Ļɣ
˽ĵĪںһ𳤴ߣˮ֮ǰԸ򣬺ڵȫˡĵһоٶʱ̵߾þ죬ܵ˵㲦ˣĸıǺõģҲûϸ롣
˳֣֣ǲϳ˸¥ҲźͣӣȴЦĺϲ£졣
үЦ˵Ҽ˶|ûֵܽã׳Ĳ񻰣ҿǶ˺|ʮͶȤĻԺ󲻷μ߶
߶μҵССĵִһԸʹɫһүĻ˵лү̧С˼ңүǣԵүѶԴ
öлؼңжЩʿģμҵ۸ȣΪʲôӦǳԷ˵Ҫ|ѣ
Ľ͵籾ǿʳ̫ȻҪ۸ʹμҺ˲۸ǣ˻۸ǣϵ±ˡ磬ԱͼǿͲܺˣȻûͣʱ򡣡
룬ƺѻʯĵǶġȻܾЩû벻õķֻгĬ
˵ЩֶΣҿμҵ˵Ҳοǵı򵥣ǻȲҪĺá
ߵͷμұҲɲʲô˶ܵİ
̸룬ͻȻһͻΣǻδȣ㱻׽˳ȥ
ڻұؾһУ󺺽ߺĶ˾ڵϡĿݳμѾ裬ŵĴе˭Ҫʲô
Ц̫žҪֵۣǣҴ򣡡
һӵϣȭͷһӵкߺͿĺ޻ֻ֮нĽĻڻУıá
شȭͷһڿĵıϣ۵ֱлߵ͸ˣе˴󲿷ֵĹȫ
ĸоȵҺϣŵ̧ͷһߵͷȻǴˣ
ס֣ǿס֣ҪٴҸˣ˵ģǿˣ
ȫ˿ĵĽкֻżˡ
ĴߵĻߵͷѱĻԣ˳ܲ˵ڵϣĵϺȻһʹһ󺺾ȻһŲֱϣݺݵ˵СӣѾͷǲ˵ʲôǿϢ𣿷ǵ֣ôǿ

󺺵Ľڿĵֱһ룬۵Ŀ˻С
ס֣
һĺֹеĶУȥվһ޳ӣֻ磬˽ýһ㴩Щ֮䡣ĻûôֵģЩ󺺱ѱͷġ
֣Ժֵһ뷨һ̣۵Ļ˹ȥ





    һ 13è޺ӣ 

ƻ裬˹ջָʶϴһʹŬ۾ȥţǱɴͷɣ
ģ±𶯣ĸߣͨ죬ǿ˵ġ
۵ʵôˣͻȻ뵽һõ룬ʵѵˣ
æҪ´ĸס˵û£߶ûʲô£ֻǿǶˣۣ
˿ƽʱԲÿ۵Ŀȥˡ
ļǵ߶Ѫˣ϶ˣʣûô
ĸ˵ˣ˵߶ĶƤˣվͺˡ㣬ָһѾˣһڣǧҪʹѽ
ĳ˿ֿ̧Լ֣Ƶ̾˼ôɶˣ̫ˣ
İζ칫ӾͲ߶˺һЩһҪúøлˣ
ĸһ˵ļ赹ǰĨýӰȷǡ㲻ʶ֣Ҫúлл
ţ⴫һŲ߽||Ŀⴥıɴ֡Լͷϵʱɫ˼֣
ϰ塢ˣҸӺ˵еŭҲеΣǴӸ¥ҸýƽͻؼҲǡεμҾԻ鵽׵ģǷģ
|ɫ˵һĸԼĶЩǻǵһμ|ɫͻȻ|ǿĻ
˵ү벻Ҫô˵ȮӺСŮΪԼĺֲμҡ
|ʣΪǽ˵Ļ
ĵͷ˵ЩĿԭ򡣡
|˼˵ˣһǲġӻͳСƿ˵ЩǴӾصĺҩ͸ðɣãǧº󻼡
ĺܲϰôõӣʣôãֲң
|ɫһţŤͷ˵һҪԳأˣ˵۸㣿
˵꣬תȥЦ𴲱ߵҩƿҿֹţʲô˼ģʲôܡ
ĸҩĵ˵ıô죿
ڶԵģԭĳڿȫ޿ˡ
˵ĺͲ߶úϢɣΪϳˡ
ĵͷ˵ţͣ쾡ͺãǵڽѾȥˣ⼸ȥˡ
ͷ˼ȥˡ˵˯һᣬȥչ˸磬ĸֶ˼䣬ȥˡ
ڴĥűϮ£һأ㻳ѺͶˣǸ¥ƿΪƹݺͲ̼ǵ˼ʹҲòһʲôأ
|ẦδٷſʶľΪᡣߣμЭ飬ʹӮˣǻǻỹǣҲضһ١
뵽һ㣬̾ϢҡҡͷϧǸ׺ͺˣȻɵ飬˶ǣԼǣƿԵݵһϷˣ
ڶյıĸȥƿ¥ĺڼˡʱҸĸһƿӮˡ
ҸĸлŮһֱڿ佱ĵжྫأһҲػȴǰ˰ٱ飡
ԽǲԽǻῴ仰˼ö˶˵ڷУû뵽Լˡ
˵ģ칫ƣ㣬Ҫúлл˼ҡ
ĵġšһȥˡ
ɷȷǷſ۵ĽĴ˼˵ıûпӰҵ˵ĺأԹ
ڴϣ̧ͷбĳһ䣺Ҹ𣿡
סˣû뵽һСӣֻǵõһʱһֱЦʮֿɰʶʶ֮ˡ
ͻˣҺ͹ʶҲ˵ϣֻƼˮˡ
ʮֲӵ˵ǾˣȻʶȥɣͣ
ɫĲ԰ףƢٺãʱҲЩŲסˡ֪ΪʲôͻȻɰǸøлԼΪʲô
ȡһƿڴͷٿһۺ󾲾תˡ
߳ȥĲŴĺһղźýţʮһ˺顣
ץͷĴƿһţҩۣƿڳ˵ŲҪè޺Ӽٴȱأ
 





    һ 14֤ 

ҹ|һ˷ܵģ˵ץ۸ǵˣ
Ҳܼʵģ
|˵
ǴӺųȥֱ߽ٽֵһҶ··ڿǣֻӰ㿣ĺܲϲήҵգʣǸģ
|֣һ¥ȥһ¥|Ͷͷ˵ٵҪѾˣС
Ĳʣһ·
|˵漰һ㣬Ĳ󡣡
߽һС䣬վ󺺣֮һˡ֮˼һĺܣ
|һļƣλһ˵ߣƣôĵӣ
˹͹򵽵ϣĵүСĲ֪δү
|˵㻹ʵμҵһ˶ˣ˵û룿
ɫţͷϵĺ£֧֧Ĳϣ|˵ã㲻ϣ㣬·ʮǴģһҹ֮䷢˲ƣ
ǡСġġ
ͷĵǰһƵԴ˵Ϊҵֻȵģ
СĴˡˣҲùϵģԺҲˣ
|λվһһƣƿɫŵֱȴ׽סá
ȵģ
ƱߵͷģµᶼҪ|һɨֱȥһͷɳŴ
˭ָʹ˵ĻҽȫˣŲţ
Ʋ˵šţСУСС
϶˵ƿϰָʹǾȵǣã̼ʳĲϰ岡ض͵͵µҩ
үСİɣСʲôˣ
|Զ·˵ţ罫ƿȥ֤ܽˣ֪𣿡
ǣٵң
Ʊȥ|˵ģһúʰΪ㱨𣡡
ĸм˵л
|ͻȻЩ˼ƺǿĵһζ˵лл
˲ȥ͵Цû뵽СӺߵӻͦɰģ
ڶǵıȾơĴ游һȥƿ¥ۿ֮ϵľƵ룬ܵһԵĸ¥|
˸¥ļһˣһŤͷ|ȥ
ƿձľֳɵģóʦ棬пһԹۿĶ̬䵭ʮֲ죬ȴֱֲȥʣһֱ۲|ˡ
տʼ˾۾ίƷƵʱ|Ķ¥УҲϢĸ˳ȥ
ǶȻǴȥˣƿ԰һɽ£󺺴žƳ֣|ѵƣһǰһҪƿָʹȫ֪𣿡
ǡǡ
ⷬԻУǰ֪ıضˡ
˻صʱϰڼαϯ׼|һﺰͣ
˶|ֻץһ廨ĺϸ̨˵ϰǰҲ˵䡣
ƱƵǰϰƤһĿʼ͵͵ϰ壬ֿԲ۾|Ƚ˵̡̼ϰҩģҲҴ˵ģЩϰָʹȥģֻ˰£λԭҰ
ί֪һüʣϰ壬˵棿
̼ǵĲСҲĺܣĵϰ塣
ϰȭҾˣңС˾û£
|ǰһ˵ϰ壬¿ɲж˵ģ֪죡
֪μҹϵһ㣬˵¸ƿǷʸμйأֻΨһ֮ԣжϣҪϸ֤
ͻȻһ˵ҿ֤





    һ 15Լڲ̼ 

ͻȻһ˵ҿ֤
ˢˢĽĿɨˣϵģȻƿ
˹˵ˣλίϰҵСˣ˵С书ǿҪС˰һ£ǾȥθǽҪľ͵СȻûдӦȴһֱ֣ǰСھõʱʹ书֪Сϰ䡣ոֵĻСƶϵȻϰȥЩ˻¡
Ⱥзһת೤ġŶһ㡣֪Ц˵ϰ壬ȻˣپͲò㵽һˣ
ϰǸɹˣһֱμѹţһֱûҵٳĿɽʱ˵¶˶У³Ȼ֪
ƿʧȥ˱ʸ񣬵ֱʤ߱˸¥¿Ϊίֵıǡƿ¥ʤһȥʧȥʸƿǺ͸¥һһƽô죿
ټһԣΣ
ү룬ӮǶҪ˵ģǰ˵¥Ը˳
Ⱥдһ󾪺ֻү˵ĳһֱڷ˼š̹֣Ǿ洫ĵ̣ʹҪ죬ϵʸҲΪȣĳԸ˳
֮鼤û뵽ԼȻıסǡȺҲһƬк¥ѸүСΪʹõ൱ã
õ˫ӮĽ˶ܸˣΨĸ˲һֱ͵͵ĿΪԼе
еĵ̹ȻӣЦЦļûйԼת磬˸Ц
ܵǰ˵칫ӣңҲûл㣬㣬ǲӦãԲ𡢶Բ𣡡
ĵ̹ϣԾͶԡʹŤ˵īߺڣҲѹﻳˣ֮飬Ҳ㡣
ĵʣùҸҩϵȵĽҩӦúаġ
ĸҪлȴ|ǿ˻ͷ˵ҸĽҩҩһ£Ȼָ磡
|ԣûзϣֻЦһЦ
Ȼģεĸоһֱڣ˵칫ӣƿ£⼸ضûطԷԷ͵Ǹлң
Ŷ˵ĴӦҾȴ֮
|Բءأ׽ƣôҳԷ
ĸۣ˵㲻˵ΪʲôҪԷ
֣֥л˵ү칫ӣлǲݺҸ֣ҷ˵˵Էһ𵽲̼ʳһΣ
|Ͻ˵áãҪԴһԣ˳Զʳʲôѽȥ̼ǰɣ
ͷͬ⣬Ҳûʲô˵ģұ˵һ𵽲̼ʳһۡ
صУȽϢ˸ߣ߸˵ЦһǣǾ۵ͦģ·һȳһȳǹһֱڼϢ
޵˵뿴ĵʱʲô飬Ȼɣ
ĺĵ˵ѽ칫ӵķ룬ԺʲôԷ
Ҳͷţ˵ķ̲û˾ڵ׬ӣ׬Ǯټ·ƿҪˣֲȱӣôأ
ɣ
һ˵ôãô𣿡
ȴǺһ˵յǽȣԺ϶õģǲҪгӣҪеСȻæĸҲæġ
˵ͬһ£Ӧûɡ
Ķ˵ȥҵ֮лĺӣвͬģֻ˵µСί
İɵһú칫ӵģͬ⣬Ҿǿģ
 





    һ 16̼ 

ʱ׼ʱڳĲ̼ʳǰŲ̼ʳɫ¥ıˣ֥һش󷽣泩
ǰĵСŲ֥μӹϵģܳӭȥ
λүѾˣҼС㷽Żôûأ
ĽŲСߵһż䣬|֥Ʒ衣
ģ|ͱԹôôǺõȣ
ʱô磬ѵͶõȲˣ
Ͳ֥֮һλ£ϵʲ֥С㣬㣬ʲô裿
֥º͵ЦЦ˵ҲǶ֮ˣһųˡǲ̼ǵܲ裬F㳣
Ľӹ裬ת˿üͷһ˵ȷò裡
֥˵㻹δƷأô˵Ǻò裿
辭Ի֣ϣߴΣϣѿߴΣҶϣҶΡFҶ͵ĺò裬֪ˣ
Ľͣ˵ﲩѧţ˵Ĳ辭Ǻ飿ôû˵
Ĵһ˲Լ֪Ķкܶûеġµ˵ҡֻǵҿ˭дıʼǰɡ
|Ķ˵鱾࣬㶼˵˵ġ˵ҺôǼΪ˼ңͲмؼ
Ƕ˸ϣ֥æ˵ѵǵ̼һʲô˵ҺýЩ׼
|עתˣʵ볢̼ǵˣֻΪ¥ٶң㵽ͬеĻᣬܷŹ
С㣬̼ǵǶģǷѾƷˣ̼ľ̼ˣһҪһ
Ĳ˵棿
ֳƹ档ϰ߳ʮΪСÿǮʮģʳ档԰Ĵͺ͸ĺףһʳŴˬ硣
С̯ˣԽѰĶԽɫ̼ܰĶ
ڴˣæ˵ãҲҪ棡
֥Ϊѵ˵ҪȻԣǵ̼һˣѵͳ˵Ķҵ֪Ҫ˵ҴͲˣ
˵ǲСͼֵ̼ĲɣȨʳˡ
ðɣǲ˾ɣȥԸ
֥ߺ˵칫ӣҽһҪͬ飡
Ŷ˵
|еĲ豭ҲսһЩֻ˵ҼǾε޵̣ؿֽĺܣ飬칫ӵæ֪ԸԸ⣿
һкܸˣʵƿһĳѾ޴ȥΪ·Ըң¸м
ѽ칫ӿˣǵСյǵӣ֪жίˣҼûʲôǮһʼĹǮ϶࣬㻹Ը𣿡
ˬ˵Ǯ˵гסɣ
̫ˣЦ
ȵȡȵȣҲҪȥӣ
|æڣȴžĴԴ㸣¥ٶȥҼҵӣɱҲ
ʲôԣ¥ȻҼҿģ֮ȥ±ȥ£
ǵģ
|ͷ˵Ĳġ
ĺɵĿϿ¿ҲΪʲô뷨ΪǾܣ˲ţ˵ҪҲУ˵ãǮ˲׼ϹлһҪǩԼģɲ˵Ͳ
|ԥһ£˵ҲУҵõҴ֣
Үǿˣƾʲô
|һͻˣûȹô֪ǿУҵøһ
ЦſĺδٶִҲ˵ʱ˵ҵĶңҾͺá
|˵ã͸һ˭Ӯ˭
ʲôʲôʱȣ
ʲôϸϸĥͷ͸㡣
ڳֺ壬֥ʱ˵ǵ飬Ҳ˷ܡǶ˱ӿԸȥ̫˼ˡ
Ц˵ȻԸ㣬̽Ըȥٺòˣ
ģ̫ˣ
ҾˣȲʱ̼ǵķҲ׼׵СһƿţıŵһƢ㣬ϲʵǲ̼ǵ棿
֥ͷ͵ǰֽС˲á
ŵ㣬ɫ̲סӡһڣ|Ĵָ˵Ȼ鴫С̯ϵ̫һˣͶӲʮнζҲвͬﲻͬء
|˼ţӹ˵ǰĴͲͬɣ磬֪ôƵġ
֥Цǲ̼ط𲻵ã
ĳ棬һ˵뵽ˣıͱˣ˭Ʒֶֺóԣ
|һۣһ˵ͷȻǶȤˣ
 





    һ 17Ҫ 

ĴصңҸĸ߶ʮֻӭ
֮˵ί칫ȸСȮסһңҪޣ޺ˣطͿˡ
׺͵Ц˵ϰ岻ҪôԺ£Ϳˡ
áá
־һ޵ˡϴ|ΪˮӣԼĻǿԴľ
˵ǵֻôֻڵӣҪ⣬ҾþҪӲ㣬¥´¥ϰ䣬ʽˡ
ָûգ˼˼ȥǾõ̫С˵ҾüӲ㻹ɴסĺԺһ𲢵ȥʱѾ¥㣬ס¥Ͼͺˡһ¥ĴͻˣһԸǰ棬á
źǵ˵ĵܺãͻҪܶӣߣĽļһסأ
ӰӣԶͷ۵⡣
Ǽòһ𣿡
ĸµ˵һʣ߶ȢţļױǮð
Բ˵Ҳʮ꣬żʲôױҵļױǮóСӣסȥɡ
Ҳ˵߶ȢףΪ󣬾ȰǮóɣ
֮㿴ĸЩģܾûв
һӣһݣôλȥˣŲ߶ͿģһԽǷģ
ĸ˵˵һŬһԵģ
ں濴ڣȻĲԣȴҸһʱĽѣǰͳһ˵ҴӼģӦֵЩǮȰˣЩӰɡ
󾪣Ͻݻ˵ʹðôҪĶأ
ֽ͵˵ҽҪµģһʲôأϰպ󷢴ˣǣȥɣ
ƴƬ̣˵ɣǾ壬͵ǵͶʣպ׬ǮõõĹǮһĵõĺ
΢ЦͰ˵ɡ
ĵĴ߶£жĺܿ죬ڸڽһ䷿СԺ
ʰ׼ң|Сľ峵װضɵʣȥģ
Ľһľ峵ϣ¶ͷϵĺ˵ҡ
ңȥģôһ
ļ|ɫ͵ҼҪޣûطסŰȥġֲԶŲ֣ҪҵĻһҵĵҡ
|ɫŻһЩһ߽Ҫһڴ|Ȱ˵ֲˣһȥְŵġ
֮õĶ׵һߣδһ֣ĸţ鷳飬ʱ˺ܶࡣ
Ѷ˳|Ҫȥķģıһȥ·ϣ|ʣҺıʲôʱȣһ޼£˵Ҫȵ޺˲ű
˵ڶæ޵̣йѽ˵Ҽƻ¿ŵǸͷ𣿡
|۾һʵ˵ŵʱ򵱳ǵ´
˼
ȷ˼ðɣүǿЩӡ
İһۣ˵㻹ǳʱ䣬໨˼׼ɣȻʱҪˣ
䣿ٿЦɣʲôѵģʮֳ
ǿһ棬ؼҪóԣ˵ˣʮֺ֪ܶаٰʮ֣ƾʮӮ
ҡͷӣ|ѻܾĿգǶ˵ãһ־һ֣ʲô˲һӮ
|ߣĺסıӰĵ׺ţòҪһɣ
 





    һ 18ֱŤ  

֮һӹַ˷ʮһ³һ죬ϾʽƵؽ
ΪеӶľƽṹԲ𽨲鷳ֻǿУ̫ˡûִߣ֪ڸż
޾ʱ䣬ĺһһˣĸڹؼ๤׼ʳһʱ棬ʮֺóֲظģ
ڼ˶գ˼ݲ˵˵ЩҳˣҲԼҵɫϺͽϵ˺࣬ĵķУ˵ʱʵã˶գôдôˣ
֮ųߺ͡ġ궼д֡дëȻõһͿöԲߣ
ëʻε˵˲ñʣдȻ͸һˡ
Դ˵ǸͿˣҪдôҰæҰдһ顣
ٺ٣лл磡
ѵĿϣ֮ã˵磬ȰҰЩˣȥһθϻذ|ˣЩûȥ
ߵͷ
θǰʱͭŷͨһȥһ·Ѿߴȥ|ʵүʱڼʲô
Ѿɫһףʹ˵үѼϺطףһһֵѧūЩÿΪʳʵڡʵǿ಻ԡ
ûסЦ˳һЦֱֱһ˵ЦʲôЦ
Ѿ߼Լүתˣĺ|վڻʣһ
|˵Ȼ˵һȻһ
ιſںߣʮпܣһҲ̫Ϊ˰ɡ
|۾ģղѡĻ棬ʱ䷭ʳ׺͵طСףүү̣ܹѼ˲ʮ֣ΪҲô棬˺ܳʱ䣬ȴڸſںߵġ
ָİ˵һ˦ȥںʣôˣҪС
|˵ߣҲҪ˵ˣôƭҲӮֻӺˣҲϡˣ
ĽŲС|˼ס˵ôô˵أûƫ̻˼ҵʱֻ˵ˣⲻ𣿡
|߲͵һ˦ֻ֣ġһûæͷֻ˵ֿŻͷԭıһ˦˵ִ򵽻ȵϣ۵
|ĸһͷʱĵͷȫݡſĻŵ֣|֪Լˣ߻ȥʣˣ
ĵͷ|üͷ˵˵˭ŵģ
ᣬϲ۸ˣС˵ţһ˿ǻһ㡣
|ˣ˵ްŮ˿鷳ˣ
ͷ˵˭ҲûޣǡĺʹҮ
|˿˵ߣüҽȥ
һԼĴ򣿡Ĳʡ
ţҶӾдģϴθҩҲҪġ
ۣҵʲôģרŴӾ˽˴򣿡
|͵Ҷھǵ˵С٣Ǹ˵ǵĸȨ󣬱ҶΪ˱ܷͷ͵ġ
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    һ 19 
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    һ 20ʼ׬Ǯ 

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    һ 21ѩɽ 

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    һ 22÷ 

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    һ 24˽ڳ 

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ҡͷ˵㲻֪ҺüҸ磬㶼ã˵ٿҲñ˿𡣡
|ʣڹĺܼࣿ
ʪ˵׽֮󣬶塢ûҲʧˣ޵ĺģ˵ǰѵӶˣǿҪˡЩӽܣ֪ζҪˡҡһ͵˵ҪȥǸֻҪܽǼ޸ҲԸ⣡磬ȢɣҲҪ޸Ǹ
ÿеĻȻ֪Ķӣ|û뵽һ״Ȼϰ¶±׽ǾȡȽҷģܾҺء
ľĿ||ϵغûģ벻үһ档ͬľȵ䣬û뵽÷ּǸ뺷ŮӣȴĿ룬ĺǴʲôȥүģ





    һ 25ƴһ 

|õԴ˵óӸ׼ЩϵȵƷȥҾȥ
ùɵĵͷ|ҪԸСȥȡ࣬ȴѡ𡱵߽˸¥
ãҹ
ĺԹԵ˹ȥŭָȵûôûϢˣ˭˵ģҸûҲֻܿԼ
ñֱ|۳Ȱʲôŵˣ
˵ҹ̵ܽܵܣ˱죡
|ľסôǳ⣬ǳĲӡļֱҲϧ˵ܱܵ|ģ˵Ҵ࣬͵ģȡһݣײ˲ŴġСӵһƬТģͱˡ
ĵĻУͷŵֺܵܵþòĬĬߵ|ں溰Ҳ
סҪ׷ȥ|˵ͽ׷ȥûõģҪ취
|ͷľǿ԰൱ġ
Ŀɫ˵ҵûؼҳԷˡЩæĺܣҾͲԪҼҵ㻹뵱ҴĻ
|ͷ˵Ȼˣ׼Ұɣү൱óˣ
뵽θȳԵĸɫ棬ı˱죬ûԲĻˣʵڻ|ļ
ת۾͵ϲʱִ߽ﻥݷãò֣ˣ˸Сۣ΢΢ԼһͶΪģֻΪװڷﲻݣ
˭Ҳʶ¶ô죿
ҲģΪҸĸԼ߶æѲչͽиһ꣬ҲǺܹ¼ŵģ˵˵Ҳ
һϰдһĵأôؼҹꣿ
ɢ˵Ҽסھǣڻܻȥʦ꣬궬ܻؼҡ
ѽʦúģ;ȥҲ𣿡
ҡͷ˵еģʦ˵˵һ
ıʼһͣȻ뵽һ⣬ʣ֮ǰϣûоȫԲԣ
üһºЦ㿴ˣ
˵Ȼˣĵ⽭ܼӦ˵ЩνĴ㶼һģȻó
ϲĿ˵ڽҲֻһˣ֮⣬û˲ѹһμʱң
˼룬ͻȻ˵|ĳղ֪ǿ˶ٱôȰ˿ŵһ죬öˣҲ֪ס
ǺǣҲСֵܣǼ츳ģƽʱģض٣
ĲΪ˵ôûôģ
ĪЦЦȴֻͣ˵ҸȥϰˣҲʣ²
ʱĵȷ쳣죬ת۾͵Ԫһ졣˾Ϳʼڳ׼쿪ҪõĶһᣬ|Ҳˡ
|ĸ첲˵Ǿܲһڴ죬ȫǶˣҪһҪʰ
|˵үҪԳսϢѾȫˣ춨Ȼ˵˵ôлҰɣ
˵󻰱˵ǰ棬ЧΣõĻȻл㣡
|Ҳϻȡʳľȥ׼ⳡ൱أ˵ͷһֱûϹĳգȴ׵ĲˡΪμҵԼϣҪŬһѣ
Ǿǰȫ󿪣ϲʺĳӣǰļСѾĸļල¿ʼɨ
ΪԪڣԽϵļ൱֣ĹͿǰĴ׷פ㡣дĲƴĹ档˿ĶһλƿǰһλǸ¥ٶңͷС۵˸߲ҡ
ĵ󼸾˷ܣĹڿѡǶ˵ƷȨΪֵ֧ĳʦͶһƱǵʲôǳŻӭ





    һ 26ƴ 

֥ǰʱ¥ѾΪƶա䡢С㣬ɫ˶У˽Ĵģʮֻ𱬡ʮСæתתѺʪ˺󱳣
ĿãȻĹ˵Ĳ֥æǰӭ
ãˣѾôˣ
˵ɲأϾҪʼˣ¥¥ϸλˣ
Ķ¥ǵİ䣬¥쾮ʽʹڶ¥򿪴վҲԿһ¥
¥ѾĽĹС㼷ίİϰҲȻ
֥ôˣȵģôض˺ܶ๦ɣ
Ҳ̾˵Ҳû뵽ôˣЩүܶ඼|ѣġЩҿ죬еμҵļҶҿţȻԼˣм׳ˣ
֥ҡҡͷ˵ҿүҲ˲˼ȻαزҪǵĳӣôˣҲΪ˸ưɣ
ô⣿ѵռǣ
֥ѵõ¶һָۣĵţ߳ҵĺãƽʱĽôôЩ»ǿϣ
һ㶣Ҳ֪û֥֮⣬ֻٺЦ˵ǣҲ𣿡
֥Ĵ¥ӽѵһ˵泳ĺܣڷЪᣬȰ鲼׵Һ͸㣡
ȥæɣùңһڵĺܡ
һ¥еĴ̨ѾãþߡҲȥֻ̨֮¥еĸλ˱һҾ˵Ǿ޹ٴοŵӣлλװæ֮Сĳڴлˣ
һ֮˵λҲǰĸʾˣڽտŵͬʱһƴľλ˳λʦպ󣬾Ϳ԰ԼԸѡһλƱΪǵ
ķһƬкã֮λߣ|һ¶¥ϾʹһȺӸĺȲľͲףǻƢôôõԵ
ļҪŸһ¥֥İ䣬Χڴǰֻͭһ죬ͬʱתȥԵȡ
Ϊÿ˵̫ãĵļල£һ׼˺ܶණзֲͬƷֺͺõţаõ֭ҲкõϵȵȡΪ֮ǰ׼ԶҪʲô
ĿתĿųжƷɣ|ǽһڿ˱һƤ档
|еƤ߸ȽסһƬк˸дŮӵļ
ãүʲôôˣϷһ
Ļش֥˵û뵽ϰһµľڿͷϲƵһأǵ棬㿴ؼĶ
|ϵƤ׵⻬ϣԲεƤȥԲߣгΣˣֽһһ۳ɻճʮ㡣ţȡһصĵǱͷмǵУ֮ǰûм
Ľ͵רĵҲĽһ|ĵ˵ʮ
֥̾ţôһô桭
˵ţ¥ͻȻһȲǼæȥֻ|յתϷУһƬӰ
˵Ŀⶼ|ĸǶһ¾ѧ߳ĵе˼飬Щ˵ġ֮֡˵
̶棬һ¡һ£֮ͬ˿ûбеӰ졣ҲϵǹɵţĲԽĸ̾˾䣺ö
ΪҪڶ˵ԶȽϴ|ĵװʮ룬Ҳ˰룬һôĵЩǣ





    һ 27ƴ 

Сÿǵİ
˸Сζֺ˼ͷЦоϲź̽ô
֥˼һᣬüҲûڣĥ˵үĵζܺãһϸխóȷ˵á칫;ʮ㣬ҧʱᵯݣļ˵ãһо˵̫׼ﾹȻˬĸоˬڵĸоû뵽
ĵͷ˵̽ζûпǰ׼ͷḶ́Ȼ֪ˬĸоǴӺζںʱҿУȻţΪϸ£ȡǵڶǽྻŨ㡣
˵˵ζҿ칫ҪʤһүԸ칫Ҫ꣬ܶණûϸϸоҿҲֻǣյľȨʳУ˵ͻĻʳ˲࣬ˣү֮ǰĵʣֻ˻ὫƱͶء
ĻĺͲ֥Լͬĵͷٿʱ̨ϵѾȹ˺ü
Сʱĳҡͷ|ԽԽˣͷˡ
еˮ|涪֮ٿӰֻܹʱжǷáޣж
ͷ󺹵|̨ͬȵķˮֳֳ꣬ɿĽĹ𡣳ʦ³ᱻŨ̡ˮһ˫Ǹֵı޿Ρ
ָ̾һǰҲµֻȴҪͷʼ
һ𣬱ҲԽԽӽβ|Ļʮֶ࣬һ|˶ʮ棬˶ʮ棬ȻظǳȥظˣҲʮƷ
󡢳塢ը⡢±衢ӣõķˣĿϾӡÿһƷ̨֣¶׶еİճԵƷһֻƾ꣬ʱȫĸɫƷÿ϶¶ͼ
λףֵ̨֮˵ţֵڸλŵͶƱõĺֽϺֽıʾ֧ιӣϺֽıʾ֧칫ӣλǵľͶ̨ǰĺУֵἴʱ
ʮСиѰֽ߳׷׷ֳˡ
ʱ֮˵ΪԪѽڣԱϻлǽڱʳĿ˿ѻñĹһţƾ˿ڱԷֻø˳ɵӣϣܹٱ꣡
֥͵һתͷʵ㣬ôˣ
֥˵ϰ⽵ۣǻᱻ̻𷣵ģ
е̼ҳҪ֪ĹƣҪ̻һЩ涨֪̻ԡ
ľҵûнѽ˼ۻǸ˼ֻۣǸп˲Żݣ˻ǰԭȡ
֥ʣǶԴҲƽе˹е˱ˣ̻˲ͬġ
ǡʱ΢չһЩǳеѽ
֥ҡҡͷ˵Ҳ̫֪Ǻǻֻ鴫̻ԱĶУôɡ
ŻݿĽģûϸ룬ֻǾǰͦ£˵ģû뵽ƺܱ˽ܡ
²˼ĺʱΪ߶˱ȥ︸ĸͳƱһ¥˷ֱֽ飬ҡҡͷ˵磬¶ˣ|Ӯˡ
Ц˵Ҳ¾ͲСܳǬɴҲһĳζ࣬ؿ˭̨ˣƯˡ
֮Щǵ˵үô˵ҲǸ¥ٵңǵﵱμû𣿡
˵üˣ˵û⡣|ѧƵļѧ˱׻ļμ˸ָֻѧμûеĶɣ
Ҿͽдȥˡ
Ÿڴֽдù棬ĺ߱㽫õǰȥһǰһƬ





    һ 28ʮԪ 

깫棬˻ص֥İ|Ѿˡ|ľʣ˭Ӯˣ˭Ӯˣ
ĳŬ˵棬Լȥ
|͵˵Ұɣ̫࣬ҳȥͽˡ
ôȻƱ࿩
|Ų仰˼ԼƱϲı̫ˡʮкĶЦ˵ϲֵܡ
|˵ٺ٣˼ԺҪ鷳Ҵˡ
⣬ڷһ˵ЦЪûһᣬ|˵ǲҪȥ׼ϵĶˣҵһǧҵѽ
Ц˵¹ѻ³Σʮѻѽ
|ĺܣҲɨͷֻɢˡġ|ȥͲ֥ؼҡ
|üŪ۵ģ֥ǲǿˣ
һۣûشֻ˵֪Ҳôѽ
ţʲô˼|ͷˮЦҲ͡
磬ʳɿϢеΪ˵ıĽеΪ˵ϵĹǰռʹǺǺһѡ
еˣá˵ˣȫڳæµһˡġ
ʿܵȥˣͼ¥
콫ӽСӵ˵ȥ
֮ӹһдʮָɫԪĽ˵֮ǰæͿˣ˽ԪڣٵľԪˣҷŲȥ˸
߶ǰ뵽ˣǵֻ׼˹֥ڵԪû׼ⵥϵĲϰ
æ˵Ҫϻһʱ䣬׼
֮һ㶣ʵģ𣿡ɴûŮ¹ѽ
е̧ͷߡ|˵о¶ʣ·ڴʲô
ýʱͬգ԰ɡ
ĸмĶԸһЦ״ҲֻȥŪ
ǳͽˣȥǰ濴տ˶࣬Ҳ֪ܲܽ
|ͻȻʵģǰ˵Ҫ˷ûе𣿡
ûأ˵мˣ˲ģʵڲУ
|æ˵ҸƼһ˰ɣ
|ҪƼˣľʵ˭
һûǸͷٸɡ
еܶ࣬˵һæȥˡϣǰ˺ü裬еǺͺõԪ棬еǰõԪݣֻ˿ȥʮر
ָɫʣʲôģôɫģ
һЦ˵һ̲裬Ԫұһ˲֭˻Ԫ
۾ɵԲԲ˵ҲУ
ⲻӼһôΪʲôУ
Ҳͷˡ
|ʣƲӲӵϹϣϹԪڣ
԰ϹԪģϹڣպ֥ڵĸо֮Ԫڹˮڣ𣬺óԼˡ
|ŵӣδ˵Ҳ֪ܴܲ͡
˵˾Ļĵ뷨Щ˼룬ԤϵģǻĿԴɡ
һᣬС㽫Ӵ˼æʼһԪҪҪ󣬵תͷһȴֽŷɿ죬˿ûýȡ
ⲻľֹ|ͻȻ˵˾䣺ģˣ֮仹гûأ
ɲͣһԪһش𣺡Ҳ˵ģæͣЪ˵ɣ
ע⵽ڰԲʱʹΪϴμϰд֣̾Ĳµѵ˫޵ı£
֪еĿأĵǰܵ˵Ĺʱ룬һͲ±ʹˣ뷨ĲŻϸ΢֮ϰ





    һ 29˷С 

һ쿪źۣǴҶ׼ģȴû뵽ۣһжæͣˣѾҹˣ
ټ|ˣΧ˷Уĵľǽ쵽ǿӮϵһƴͳȥôЩ棬Ҳ֪ЩǮ׬ûС
ĸЩε˵һæҵ˲ȫˣڻ֪˶٣ҽҹЩ˯ɡ
ϧ˵һͲҪٰҹˣ컹Ҫ¡ҿЩ˷רЩ£ҪЩСҪˣ̫ˡ
ˣ|˵Ҫܸ𣿡ͻȻʵ
|ԺͻȻѣһ˵ǵǵģҿܲܳȥ
˼ܽ½£Ҫɢȥ˯|Թ˵ת˯һҪϻؼңɣҲҪᵽ
¥˵˰ɣۼҵĴӲĸͷүܵ𣡡
˵¥£С˵쵽һ˰ɣ⼸ǵðѱ׻ǷǮҴѽ
|Ϳ¸ˣѲż𣬵ȷ쵽һˡ
ƹǷǮ㼱ǮȽ㣿
ҡͷ˵ǷǮӦùˣҲر𼱣߰ɣһɵ
|Ƶһҡ߳ǣμҵĽӵǰ˽ҡ¾˯ˡżѧôЩ꣬ûһô۵ģ
Ȼۣ³εļûˣڶճʱ׼ʱǱһͬǰĻһˣ䣡
վǰţ|ʵû𣿡
ҧҧ´ո|߽ǡ
ļǺܳԾ֪ΪΣֻ|ʣϰ˷ǳ
ָ¥˵ҵ˷񡣡
á|˵Ҵȥɡ
ǰĿˣ|˵Ǹ˾
|ͷʣΪԼŤͷ˵Ը⣬߾ǡ
ûСûС֪СʮǿҪСкţ˵Ҵһȥɡ
˷|֮ܵϰ壬˵ҪܵˣƿĴС䣬֮ǰƿһֱ񣬶ЩУ뵽ı·
֮Ȼʮ־ȣûҵĴС㻹һյԼС˼ıְ
⡭ϷʵûүܵС㣬ֵʵЩҵ
͵͵Ĺ۲ı飬óʮ־ᣬô϶ǱƵĲвһİɣ
Ը˵˵˶һͬʡֻͿСı˵ɡ
ΪԼ˵Ҳ˼|Լվ˵ϰ壬ѲʲôС㣬յͲˣûʲôҵģֻΪһͨŮǰְϣıһݿҵĹϣϰһᣡ
˵ĳϿң֮˼һ˵ĻҪһС
¶ϲɫ˵лϰ壬Ե
ĿҪĽδĿ䲻ΪƵˣĿˣ׼ҴĿһ۾ͿԿĳ֣ʮֵ˵ã
֮Ŀϵ˵С㲻ң˵ãĳ˷ң
Լҵ˹˵ӯ|˵|лл㣬㣬Ҽҹ¶ĸ治֪ôźã
|ļ˵ƾԼıҵĹлҸʲôպ£ҪˣСƢ˶ǺˣϰͿĶԴһԴġ
ͷֶ˵С㣬աСɽϡ֮ҵĲԣԲ𡣡
Ц˵͵ǲʶҲʲôС㣬ҿľ
ͷ뵽һ£˵һҪ˵Ŷӽ£ǰЩԹԹȫ˰ɣͲҪٹָ֤ϰˡ
ɫ͵ı˼䣬ҧҧ촽û˵|˵䣬Ȼ׽סָ֤һٹ˰ɣ
ƺʲô飬ʮΪѵĲŵͷ 





    һ 30˽ 

˼ʱѵĸϽ|ȥһ¥ĸҲʰ׼ȥĹ̨
ĺ|һ·С̸ܵ飬ߺˣҲǲ֡
ߴȤ|˵׽ָϰ壬һΪΪ˱һڻ裬û뵽㻹ͦĵģҲͦչ˵
|һ˵ôеϵܲܿǶ
ͻȻĬĿ˵һټǰС㣬㲻᲻˼ɣ
ȻһЦʲô˼
Ȼ˵һףһס˵˿ΧڳԷʱ˶ϹӺưһԷһۣҲ˵κλֻͷԷ֮Ѹˡ
|С˵֮⡢飡
|ЩҭסˣҪȥʣûУ䵽Ϊĸ˲źڻģ
һᣬ˻ƿֻ֮һˣţúܶͻȻ˵ͨˣ
˼˵ϲΪŻڻ飿
͵Ц㲻ҲôġûУϰиȥ͵ұõľƣĸ˶֪ôϰضǽԼŮȥģҲ仨ˮ⣬ҵʣȻְֺ޵ģ
˵꣬ıúȵĻţһͷȻŵɲһˣԼ˵ʲô϶˹ȥĺٺٵĶЦ£˵ԣȥ￴ȥ
˴Ĳų˿һû꣬㴫ͦ
ȴ˹˵УϹµģ´Ⱑ
ɫ˵µİ˾ŲʮģµֻϣСܶ˶ҵǷ˼
ļı飬ȴ֪˵ʲôԼ˵ҲӹţұңҶôỹЩ˼
˶ҪſЩûйȥĿʱ䳤˾ͺˡ
ΪƳ԰Żݣڿŵ˲ˣõЩ֮󵫷ҪϹӣȻˣûһ̶˿͡
Щˣ⼸첻ǷлùǱ㽫һʮһʮӱɻùĻſڣ˿ȻֶһЩ
¼һλ˿͵ÿѣŹ⿴Ƽȴӵȫһ˴Թ۲˼죬Խ˳֣Ұ˲æ
һ磬|׻һµֳɸʮӣĽӴڻи˵Ĳˣû˵ʱϽȥˡ
Ҫȥ̣ʱѺǿ˵ߣŸô廹ȴſΧ˺öˡ
·˲ΧⲢ꣬һ֪Щ˲Էǿֵģп϶⣡
Ⱥһ۱Ǽӵ顰ʬ塱һĿɨ׼ߣһ㽫סˣ
|վڵУҧ촽Ǳ˶ŵһŰ׳񱡰ĹӣԼʹӡ
ĿǸ¹ӣ޳ü죬ȥ͸һȾŮǣǵ÷̸֪ӣ
ûע⵽ĵĳ֣һԣǽŵһʱ֪Ӻ
ڽ߿ãನ˵Ͻ˻ؽ䡣
߼򵥵Ľ龭ͬĽˣϿź󲻾ãϱ䣬֪˵˼ʲôŪˡԾ|龰֮ǰ˵䣬㵱۸ǰ
һ־߳ʱϵļҶҪִˣҲ֪ôһƣҶͷ˳ȥϣ㵽ӡ
Ϻ÷ĶԻڿǰģͷۡɲۿǴܣӰⲻ˵֪Ĺӣխһ죬һʲôʱ䵽֪б˽񲻸ԣ





    һ 31 

ۿ˫Ҫ֣ߵվסͣȵȣǲʲô᣿Ƚ˵ٶҲѽ
|һ˵ʲô쵽ȥ
Ľһ˦˵ҲӴʲôˣҵȻҪˡ˵磬һأôҲ嶯˵ǣҪѽһо˵ˣ
ڶһ˵үպ֪һȴôЩҧĹ
⻰˵ļΪ֣ҲҪǿһʵӿڿ˵ǺģôŪأ⿴˭Ҳĺ
|λӵĿ˵ģ˵ӻʲô˵ģɫԣʲôģ
|ŭЦ˱ҵĴ˭֪ԼĵҪ߽ǶҪ޵İɣѲɶҵĴ
һ㶣䣺ϰҪ߽ˣ
ﻹлػѿ޵ĳˣһĻҲ˵
ӣϵĳһ˦ĪĶЦһ˵ӽãͲǼƽˣɡ
ļҶܿͲˣſΧ۵Ҳɢȥʱһʱûʲôˣ˾ͽ¥Ϻο
һ󣬺òͣסˣҪجĽĽȫ飬߿˵ҵǱƼˣŻӦΪ£鱻ҷ֮ǾżҲʧǿѰٻҾʣһ׵ˣΪ˾ȵȥϣǸûãĲ֪ô졭
ȱ𼱣뻹ûʲô취
ڷ߶ͻȻʵɷôϿϰ˴Һ͸磬ǷЩӻʩͽͿôص
һʣ˶סˡƽֻżҲɷ֮飬ڱҲ벻ͨ
|һ˵ֻ²Թ˵ϰ屻ץδٸټ˵㱻ȫ޹ءѵ
ѵʲô
ں˵Ҳϰйء
һ룬ϰ屻ҩرûкãеأǿгɱδģô֮Ҳ˵ͨˣ
ҷֻľ˵̷֪ıá֪ȻŹҵĸˣ
ԭһĹϵ
˵ʱ䣬ȥҲ̽һʣˣҲϰ塢̷ˣҲоȵġ
䲻뵽Ļĵİһʱж˵
ϵһС粨ͣҸ˾ְΨûбҪ飬ϽȥҲ֥һϰ屻ǲĺйء
̼ʳ֥ڿ꣬˱㵽̼ǵĺԺϸ̸ĵ֮󣬲֥ͷ˵ʱҵĲ飬ҵȷͬ˵ϰ飬˵ϰпأȫô󣬽տˡ
֥ı˱֪Ҳϵĵˡ
˼˵̽㣬ҵ̫ˣ˼ûĸ棬ֻʣһ֧šϰ嵱ҲǱļ۵ĵܵ㿴ܲɿ˲Ҫôص̣
֥΢Щȵʣ˵ģǻ𣿡
ȻǿǼߵһĲ̣ϰȻӦãǿźǣԺôѽ
֥һ˵Ҳǣ̵ȷ̫ˣûʲô˵ö෸˶ȥ߽·ˡ
֥ݣ׼ٽ˵֥˽˼ֹסĻ˵һͬҵ˵һ˵ģǳɲҲ֪Ͼϰ度ҵڶûкãңǲġ
ļñգ˵Ҿ͵Ȳ̽ĺϢˣ
صǵʱϢһȦڳһ￴ȹڡҪǰʱͻȻ
ϵ㲻طϣеκһ˱۸Ҷȡ
ЩԳζ˵ˡңΪΪңųȡ
 





    һ 32ѹ 

䣬޿κε˵ϰ嵱Ըң˿ңĳҵܶҶ˵üΣҲڽͬһǲܵ飬Ϊʲôȥأ
Щ䣬Ļ˵ֱ̫ˣһŮϲܾöܰ
Ȼ˵ЦǰôΪǣΪֻҪõĶûеòġʱգ뷨ǶôЦѾʲôûˣôϲء

˵̸һʱ״̬Ҳֻɼߴӳʹʵ磬أôûҵѽ
ɻ˵ǰƺǿ˵ˣûҵ𣿡
˵ţת߳΢΢ЦҲ𣿡
ٿȥѾˣת˲֥˼ϲǣһ˵ģҿҵȥ̼̽ԳⰡ
ҲбҪҰ͵˵ȥɡ
ʱĺȻȥص廹ûлȥ¥
ڷоţ㿪Ļδ˵ʣ͵Һ̸ûʲô뷨
Ķʱεվ˰췽˵ĶܲܲҪôҲǸպˣҲǣҲǣ䡭
΢΢Щ˼µ˵Ҳǹ͵ǲŮӵ뷨̡
һԴ˵ͬŮӴ»вͬ뷨˵ǸŮӾ˽ôġԸ΢ܲһ£ҲСҪʲôõʲôΨò֣һʱʤ϶㡣µͬˣ̵ܶҪȥԣִҲҲ˵
һᣬ˵ʦ˵Ķԣ鰮֮¹Ȼӵ£մá
ĺ棬֪ʦǸˡȥҲʮˣǴ꣬Ѱ˼Ҷżˣ̸˵ʦô˵Щ
ؼĿģͳ˵廹㡣
ǰһʵ㽫ˣ
š
ûǮֻ˵˵Ϊǳһֺα˻أ
ͶǷǮģµ׷ֺʱ򣬽Ǯп۳ǡֻҿӦûǺҪģڵ̷žˣʱЧ겻ˡ
ҪƲ֪һתֻصУ˵ҼȻѾóˣ㲻ջأ͵͸°ɡ
УͻȻ˴ƿ|֮Ʈ룺٣뵽ˣڲһζͿȥ
˵ʲôȴĺ˶һɫʱˡ
ıûΣǿ|ͻɫ΢΢һ£ٻͷͻȻͣµĶȷЩᡣ
£ֳ|˵ղ˵ʲô
|˿˵ûʲôǼɡ
|˳ȥķüоҲת˳ȥöվûнȥ
磬˶ЩĬֱ֥ĳ֣Ŵգ
ģǿȥҼҰɣȰȰС㣬ҼԺйʱˣȥµģ
סĴһ˲ʣ˵ȥ̽ô
֥ż˵ﲻҵԺй£˵Ϊֱҵԭǲǰ˴֪ģҸϻؼȰðҲûãֻˣǿȥȰȰСɡ
ʱĩɺĺܣϵʯض߹ǣڵϹСʱǻ˵ã
Ĳҵ飬ϾҪߣ|˭Ҫһȥ˼һ£˵ֵȥɣꡣ
ڵԼĹϵٸˣſĺ|ȥ֮ᴦõģ㲻ȥˡ
ĺ|Ų֥ܿ͵˲̼ңԺǰԱ߻ɢһѲƷҩģ
߽䣬ֻʹûκα飬ĹšĴС㣬ˣ񣬷һϺͽֻΪ˻ȡ׵뵽һ㣬ĺЩݡ
 





    һ 33Ļ 

ɫ磬ǽȻȥһݷòϰɡܵɵ˵㿴ǲˣӦ̽ѽѹ̷ֲ˲üһ˵ͿԼϰˡ
˵ձǡɤЩɳƣ˺
ľǿ޼ƿʩȰĿ||⣬˵ɣûڼе㣬ѵҪ𣿡
ȻЧӶһ£û|˵þͰˣչһ𣿡
ΪʲôҪ㣬ܵܣչΣҪ±ָȥ|û̼ĴСƢһ㶼ûбţĹš
Ϧ£ĺɫ|ķѾ˿ˮȰͷ¿
ģ￴һ£ȥҿá
|ĹִҲû˰취վĲ¾ȥҿ
֥ЩĺͲˮĶӺͶ¾ͳȴԲȣһԼȥӡ
ĺͲ֥ߵһߣʣﻹǲɿ𣿡
֥ͷѽľƢ˭û취ģظС˸ˣ˭Ҳ׷
ⶼǺοࡣ
ҹɫأľؼȡȴ·ϼϡ
ڽЦʵҹôһڽߣ
Ĳ˵ү㲻Ҳһ𣿡
һһתЦȥҷԺժ˻ģѵҲһ
ҷԺǽ¥ҡҡͷǷԣɫһֻ
ҿûӵºãȥֵطǲΪһ仰ڻڲ̼Ժţǻؼȡº棬ҪȻǵó²ɡ
ϵɫ΢䣬ʵڲ̼Ժйţ
ļ򵥽̷˲̽Ҫ游˵ˣ½ӣýηлظҪһȥһ
ؼȡ˶̼֮ң̼ҵվһλŻʸŵķˣɫ˵СҹأҲ̼Ҳð𣿡
丩˵̷ˣҸһʱͿ´֪ѵõ̷˺Ͳүԭ£ԸΪ̷ֻһ棡
ϺȻǰЦź衣
̷˼ϣɫ˵϶ôôˣ
ǰ˵ڼѰ˼ţǰս̹軤ķӦÿԿЧˣ͹Чȴ·˵߲̫˳·Ͼ룬ҪΪƻ˶ŬЧǾǴĲˣһɫȻá
̷˵ֲԾĸԼӣСʵɫĺܲ𣿡
ľŮҲˣû뵽̷̲ķ
˵ֶֻǵģŻһֻҪˡ
̷ɫһ˵ǵģҿԡ
ϸϽ˵ǣԹѽǶЦЦʲôѽֻҪһЦ⽭ǵķ˾ûһˣ
̷˱ϺֺǺǵģһӾͻ̷ٿʱ˵ڿΪΪ㸸𣿡
Ҫָ·
̷˳˼һᣬͻȻһƺ뵽ѵˣ˵ҼүҩʧȥζȻҽΣζʼ볣죬ʹǲ̼һ겻ò̼ڶ³Ļڡʳ϶ͷôұԭңһ
һ˻ᣬҲԼܷߵлߵȥ͵ᵽһ߻赹ڵأһͰϣȷǳŲסˣ
ڳ˾ŵĽĽڼϣͷЦлл㡣
ϺĶЦ˵˭ôϧأǿ˵ϡ
˵һӣȴ˽ĺ⡣





    һ 34ʳ 

֥ҵĺͻңſ|ոúҷˡ̫극ȥ䣬һ
˺̧ķ䣬һ·ϣļټĸۡڶ̶̼ȫá˥ܣҲζ
ĽĽ|̷˵ֻҪ̼ܰǶáʳͷԭϰ塣
|һʵʳ
ĵͷ·һֱɻΪʲôû˵ѵǲμ
ֻ|˵Ӯʳɲװĳʮټҷׯ¥ʱƣô̼ǶͷҲûա
ʶʳ򵥣Ϊһֻм¥أ
|ĺܶڻʳ飬֪ԼڵĽֻǳеһĴһǡǽСʳӶ³ʮ壬ʮ죬֧龭ɸѡֻ֧ܵǰʾ̨ϽյĴ
ӴıģĴԽǰı飬ͻȻѪȣڶ̨ͬ
ҴҸصУҵʣ˵³һһȵĻʳǼҲμ𣿡
֮ŮӣЩΪѵ˵ǰûвμӹһʽޣҲޣȥҲֻǴմ֣αطأ
Щʧ˵ǼҽˣѵҲμ𣿡
ģ֪˼ؿż죬ľȥ׼أȻ⼸ÿնӯ࣬ǵҪǮĵطͺܶ࣬ʳıѶҪʮӣǵ﹤µĹǮ
һ˵Ĳ侲ǿʮ첻ûܹŲ⣬ȥٳǲμӴ
߳׵ķ䣬̾˿ҪμĴöȶʱˡ
һô˯̤ʵз·СһһҪμӻʳ뵽ֻܼϣڲ̼ˣ
̼ǵıһȥֻ䡣Ӧ˲̷Ҫ̼ǶͷٲҪ˰æˡⲻĸ¥Ϳ|һüʲô
˵ʲôĻ
ͻȻ֣һ|æ˵ʲôĻʳ飡
Ȼǵģļæչȥ˵˵ô࣬ȥǿǲҪ̼ǵһȥһȥɣҸæɣ
ϲ˵𣿿Ըңʵʵ˵ɣҷΪʳ鷢ѵմвŮҶ㶼ᣬܵСѧ׾ͳˣڸû̼ǣΪ˸ףֱɴӦ̷˵飬治֪ôźã
붼û˵кѣ㲻ǻѽ㿴ѽ硢|в̽㣬Ǹ˵ĺ֣ȥƴһƴָܶһأ
Ϊ˵Ǹտţôȥ鷳ôǵأ
һ˵ĲʶԼߡ|䣬ڿȫǵԱҪȥμӱˣǾû˹ˣǿɲУ
һᣬԼˮƽ֮ǰҲܽţضкܴİʵ
˵ȥ˵ļ٣ҺŲ̼ǵһȥû⡣
|ô˵۾ʣأ
¿갡ҵҸôæù
|翴ĺֽӣͻȻһ뵽ȥƺȷʲôˣתͷˡ
Ҳû룬ֻΪҪ¿£Ǽˡ





    ڶ 35ȥ 

³ʱ䲻࣬٣̼ͬһѾ¶ʮˡȥһʱ䣬ȥ֮бҪæǳʱ㶨¶ʮһ硣
ĺһ˱һͬ˸ҿûп|Ӱӣֹţѵˣ
ĸǰһĵıް˵һγţҪСš㲻ҪܣҪ칫ӺͲСĻ֪𣿡
ĵͷвı飬յĶ˵磬ģһ㿴ò̽㣬˿ģǺǣ
߱˵Ĵ󾽣Դ˵˵ûˣȥ̼Ǻ˻ϰɣ
˲̼ǣѾ̼ǵе۶׼׵ˡľķֳжоȻϣ˼⣬֥͸˼͵Ҫڼչ˵һ˳ԶţñһиӦ
ĵͷͲ֥һһһȴЦƴˣֻҪһƥһڳߡ
俴ںϣҿֹ˵ˣʲôˡ
֪˵ϲ֮ˣˣ֪ϲѿֻ͵͵Ц£֥֪Ļ˵Ц˵磬ƽСһţŮ˼װĻˣ;̾ҪŮжãÿÿ뵽ҶúЦ
˵˵ЦЦ֪͵˽£ͻȻͣס֥ʳǰ˺£ش˵¥μҲǽȥǲμӱǳ࣬һʱ߲꣬·סˡ
˳һǳȥƼһŰۺμҶĩˣⱳӰϤһͬʱѿھ|
С|ι㲻ȥôҲܳˣ
|ͷҲ˵㲻ȥǣҾȥҸ¥ҲҪμӱΪٶңȻҪȥˡ
ĲŲЩʣǿǩԼģǵĳӣһߣǾûˣҵ͸ôæù
Ҹϰ˼ˣ˼ȥˣô㲻ȥƻĺ°ɣ
ûһ˫أֻ˵˰ȥǣᵢǵСӻ˵ҪȥȥɣָҪͷأŬɣ
|ϣͻȻԼŭԼСǳȫûˡɷ򡱵޷޵ĳһޣ·ĳȥ
Ů˵Żʱѹ֥ǸˣӴˣҲȻִһЩҲǸˬˣһȵĸ׽Ƶģּˣǵۺ죬뵽ǳ棬Ǹȥˡ
ʱѾĺɫЪɲ˵ĻǣһֱԴ̽ڳ⵽ơ
ǺСǵȻԣȻʱ䣬ǵĽӵؽֵľƼҵУһǿõġ
ŽֵƬƬƹ⣬ĸ̾˵ǽһҹ·Ͼûˣǵϻ֣ǲһ
֥ػˣ˵ɲǣǻרŵҹأ˵ܺ棬סʱʹȥɡ
ȸԾ̫ˣ
䱾ǴС㣬ǰҲ˵ҹлأڶ³ʮʱ䣬ֻҪãгȥ̤࣬ǷŻСǻһ𿪡˵ᡯʿʫ㲻ȥʤʵǿϧ
´شأ︴գٻ򺬰ʢݸذٻڲͬһΪٻաҲǻڣһǽ鵽ͻǼɫֽճڻ֦ϣΪͺ족СװʨŻơȷס
ı˵Գǰ˵ڴԽǰûôֵĻڣ޲ʱЩͺʹһ𵽽ȥ棡
ڡ²ǳʵ̾һûйͳաҿһйͳĻա
ҹŴһʮҪ䴫ͳաض죬ԭϵũ³ΪϺͶԶʮΪ˵ʮӦơԡϦ⣬һЩԶʮʮΪڡ󣬿ػŵйء
ΪʢУû䣬ֻһЩʿἰ֪ʲôԭһͳպȴսˡĿǰڽҹһ׳Сʡ人ɽĻʢа˰˥ʧȥ˾ʱʫ⣬ݱһ̼ƼӰԶԥʡʮصĴũóˡ֮⣬Ϊ֪ἰˡ





    ڶ 36 

еĵ·ݺύ͵Ľֵкöݷλͬöʮ̼һסİջλϳǵ޽ϡ
ǵﻴǵʱѾǻƳϵʱһ·ֻһЩİջͶ޺æӺϴû˼ȥ档
˯һ֮󣬵ڶҪȥܶȥԹ緹ϴŮһܶйȥ
ܶǰһܴ񣬺ܶ˽μӻʳˡǸߵǰһӲʵ֣
ȥֻһű׵Ӣ꣬ͷڣüޡĿʣϹһƲӲӵͭǸӢĿɣ
ϼˣһ˫һЦȭкԪ͵ܣղã
ˬʵЦϵݼ󿴿ĵˣЦ˵ֻһŮƣСʵ
˽ܵλԪǸӢۣһ˲书˵ãλÿжһģ
˵Ľܷʽôһ㶣ԪɫϾȻ©ɬ⣬죬ô޳ܡ
֣㻹ôϲ۸СܣС۸ǣɱŻ⼸λС㣡
Ц˵ԺҶѣҵıò֥λǱõĺѣ̼ǲμʳģ͵Ҫհ
ԪǶĶӣʳǶһֲٰ죬Ԫе˲ãЦ˵ȻʲôҪæľҺˣ
ǽ֪ĶӣԪǶĶӣ֮ʶֻ֣ԪֱӢ䣬ȴ˵ᣬĺǶ·ͬϵΪʲôҪáһ£ҡҡͷȥ룬Ҳʲô¶иԭġ
Ԫİ£Ǻܿͱ˱ȥĲ¥С
Ԫó̼Ƿű쵽ľ˵ǵʮ֧ӣÿʮһ飬ڵ飬Ӷ³ʼľʱ䡢صĿϢһȥİջ֪ͨǣڿջϢǡ
˵ͷԪǽʹ̣³ÿʮ֧ѡȡǰһֻ֧ʣʮ֧ˡʮ֧ÿ·飬С飬ٽ̭ÿѡǰֻʣʮ֧ˡ
Сʮ֧ٷ飬СڲѭÿӶҪСֻݻѡǰıֻʣ֧ˡ
ڶʮһУ֧ڻ֮ǰ̨ͬѡھɶ䷢ҡ
˵ңģ༸˶ܼĲ֪ҵܵõҵľƼңʸƼһʦμʳ˾ѡƽΪѽݾʹ޷ͨѡҲܲμʳ˾ѵԳյʮа
Ԫ˵˰죬ڿʵĲУһڲ̧ͷͻȻһ¥ݿں|
|ȼϻҪǰȥ˴˸ֵܱƵĻഷ˴Էš
|մ±ڽҪ࣬˿ߵİ£ϵŰմ°ԣ諶ˣǸ˧湫ӣҲ̲ס࿴ۡ
|ЦŶԪ˵Ҳ˵ȥ㣬û뵽ˣɣ
Ԫ|ߣ˵ҸոҲ룬ֶˣôû뵽Ϳˡ
|ԵˣüһЦźԪһ¡
Ԫܵ|ʶҾͲˣ⼸λС칫ֵѣҲǴӽġ
|Ц˵ɲˣҺ쵽ˣ
ŶǸãԭʶ
|һֱŲ費ôôװŮѽ
һ˵װôǣֻ¡
|Цͨ𣿡
Ҫͷġ
⻰Ԫһ֮ǰûôעСϸȥССģǿʲô¸˵Ĵ󻰡һԵע⡣
Ԫ칫ӣҿ㻢ڴľɼĳغܲɣ
ڼϵĳʦڴᱻ˵͹ĥ룬֥|ֻҲм룬ֻļóﻹǺùġ
Цţ˵ǿѣǲõá
|˵αǫһſεıء
һ죬Ȼһϲ¥үĴ㣬ȥ
Ԫ˹ֵǸ˵һպǣ
Ȼ֮ͣ󼸸ŮȥϹ伯УҶʱ䣬һȥˡ





    ڶ 37ѩôը 
ڷȸϣĶС̯ϵĶǺ棬ϾܶණûġƷãڽǼһЩǵɫСкЩûġ
ؽֵС̯һڽըѩ˺治ѣĵѩը
ܹȥֻһڴ͹ʮ͸΢׵Ļʳ˱ǣʮˣϸĿȥŪըľʲô͹Էһʱʱסˡ
Ѳ͹ը
µĲ͹ըгԻϰߣԺܶ໨ʳ˶󡢽񣬳Żл֮ǰժ£ϴȥ࣬ϵ׺͹ը̳պǳԣĺóԣڳݼ䣬˻ζ
ŮӶǰ֮ˣһһըѩֽϣԵĽζϿŮ۾ﶼЦ⣬֪Ц⻨Цʤƻˡ
ĳųű뵽һ⣬Ͻ˵ѽȻǻʳĿͻйأǲǸ׼׼
˵֥Ҳ˵ǰÿһжԻΪĿҲ˶٣еʳͳǲԶܶණȻ֪ȴҲȡʤ
|⣬˵ܳԵĻҲЩƷ֣ʲô׼Ŀ¡
Ҳ벻ô׼ǵߣ࿴Գԡ
˶³һűǵڶճһЩϢ̼ճʱ극ׯμӳĿǡһ»÷㡢ˡƷǾƣֻҪС
õĿһͷ֥˵÷Ļѹ滨޴ѰҪӦĿֻܴˡҵıȽϺõǺ÷ֻ֣ѧһҲ֪ȥвС
ļҲĶ࣬˵÷ʳﵹкܶ࣬ʲô÷ࡢ÷÷ѼѰ÷⣬ЩǳԵĶ÷ĵˣȥǲС
ĵͷ˵ѽ÷ĵĺܶ࣬һҲкüֻĶû⣬ǺѽģǵñĲòС
˵˵ģֵĲеģһ÷һܽ÷Ϻ
Բ䣬һҡһ˵ǽܣԼΪֵĲƷ֮ѡõȥΣ
˵ͷгҪʳĺò̼ǵȥֺͿջϰһǵĳڳһ磬ӽʱ̣˳ԵĳŽջ
֥Цüëģ׵Ķ˵칫ӵ÷ǲҲɫ治ܱȵģķڷ
Ȼ˺ܶ౾£Ҫ˽ʵҪܳʱˡ
˶ǲμյĳ󣬶ʮַģϾѾǵˣֻıˡ
ڶһ磬Ų̼һ˲þ극ׯ극ׯĸ볣ľʾ¥һǸǵʯ¥ǰĸ˺ϱĴʯԵøɡеһӦװȫɫڱڵǽϻǶŰ͸ʯǳɫĿɿڴ
ָǽϴʯʱ극ׯСЦӭ
λ͹μӱǹۿ
֥óʱ쵽ľ˵ġ
С
βСʯ磬ãм䣬ݵˡ
һÿ˿ô˵ȥˣȥ̨ɡ
˶һۣ䡢ϲգ֥ǲ̼ǵĴ˵̽㣬ȥɣȥ̨Ǽͣ
֥ͷ˵ñʯǰϣӹþߣһ߽úڡСһͨϯȥ
һʮִǰžµ̨нŹθλͣѡ˱ȽϿǰλ¡
Ϊϵϰ֣˵㣬ģһӮģ
ͷ˵Ȼŵģһǻᷢ
˲һᣬо½½ˣһλźԱߵһλϡ





    ڶ 38һ 

ԲģС㳤಻Ż࿴˼ۣǵ˶ŭֻȵĵͽӣʲôСıС㽫ȥ
ĺһۣĵýŮӣ
ҲգֻЦЦ˵ϧǿϧӣֻܵ˶
ŮӼл߶߶ģ˵Щ˴ʻǰǲ֪ô
䣬ͼŮӴȡһƵС˴󺧣ġ䡢һ˻䣬ֻһ
ŮҲҪ˺ǣֻýǣҶǱ˽Ц˵ߣŮˣŮҲ磡
ΪжĵӰճһ̣ȴǺǵƢ˿ףһİǣ
Ҳûס䣬ֻǰһЦŮ˵ĲŮˣ¸Ůˣ
㡭˵˭Ůӱһ仰Ǻͨ죬Žֱ
Ҳ£ͦŲ˵ô컯֮ףǵΰʱˣҿ㵹ǸҶҷֺ
Ůίʵˣֻ˽ɵ䣬ڡʱһӢĸ߸Ӵ˹һŮӣĺȵӢӣںʲô
ӢӵĺŮӱһģվȺźȵ磬еᱡңŮң㲻ҳͷѵңһؼҸȥ
ҲĻֻ˵Ļزˣ㻹˵ס죡
ŭӢӣ䡢ϡ˵Ǹ˵극ׯĳλӢ³ç˼λˣ´λǣ£
ԭ극ׯĶңѹŮţ
бۿ˿һúϲ֪٣ǿ˵ĳǸķϣǾͲƽˡ
л
ӢĶԱ˵൱תҪߣһס˵ϾҪ̨ˣ㵽ȥ
Ӣ߲ãĵһۣԱߵλﲻ˵
Ҳصλ£Ĳ͵ЦЦһ
Цʲô
˵ǿСҲΪҳͷˣʵǸѽ
˭˭Ϊͷˣ¶ɫŲΪϳͷʲôǿʵ˵㶪˽˵
ЦСһʶǶ˽˵أǴȣ
ʵ˼˵С
ŮŮӺŮӳۡ
бһۣΧ̨ϵıҪʼˣ㲻˵Ͻעȥ
̨󣬵ǲʮ̨֮ȴԵЩӵ࣬û취顣̼ǵĺʮ˺ţͲ֥վԿұߵһ̨
ƴǻ֣ˣ΢ЦĶĴֵָ˵ͷġ
ЦţӢ˵磬쿴˺̨ÿŵӣ
˺̨ȥӢ˵
ӢӣСеĳɺͳŮӼ֪֪ߣ
ӢŲô˵ϲ̵ĿһһǸҲ䡣
Ҫˣø֣һաĿ˵ɫƵģ͵Ц˵ջˮҲϻˮˡ
ĽţûһƮ磬ۿ˶̲סʼ̿ˮ쳤˲Ҫ̨ϵĲɫ
Ϊǡ÷÷ĸΪڶ࣬ʮ֧аϵĶ鶼Ǹ㣬һģһġ÷⡱ǹùġ
÷㡢Ϊϣ࣬Ρζƾơн֭ۡȸɫƳףٽ֭֭ơ彫õ׷ֱɺ졢̡ơɫһһϴĳС
õĳˮÿ壨ΪйŴȵλ6=0.6=0.2ףһ嵶ǰĵ֮ģ嵶жϣŻԭмȣʱαữΪ÷״
ȵõļ뼦ƬƬ񡢶ڹտζٽ÷׷ڼɡ
Ƴɺ졢ס̡ɫףĳ÷ڳļͷף൱
ˣͳһҲζ㣬ζĹζղζԼֹһµλڵۣеԣζ˲˶˵ίǰλίûһ۾Źģ 





    ڶ 39 

һԣ̼Ӯûǳķۻǰ߿Խ븴ⳡֱǲ̼ǡ극ׯһаζõǰ
ί˷յڶĿ»ӻ
俴еһĺóɼĵ˿˱˳еʯǰͲ֥ϡ
һᣬͲ֥֥߳ͬЦĺϲ£죬Ĺϲ̽㣬β̼ǶȻҪͷˡ
֥ЦǶǣ˵ʹ̼ȡ˺óɼҲͽǿϰæ
α÷öǲ̼ǳˣһǮͳʦ¾͵Ƕǲ̼ǵ˰ɣûʲôԵġ
ֶ˵֪հԶԶĿĲˣĸأ
Щ죬ĵ۾δˣó
ƽղδȫˣЩر£һֱԼˮƽƵĺΧ˲ˮƽڱǰĶĴָвԽľ뽫ĸã˹ж˺ܶСû뵽ЩĿˣ
ΧһŷŵıһɫӰͻȻ˵ιʲô֣극ׯӰɣǲģ
΢΢üͷçײĺŮӣɫ˵ǰһºŮ˵ǽӢɣ֪ôдôǽǵ𣿡
Ӣɨһۣм˵ѵĶңľˣʲôģ۰ɣǮſϰҵĳתøң
δˣ˵ƷʲôתòתõģʹĶҲ̸ܸ£
Ŷ㲻Ķң˭ǣ
ӢĿ˵ɨġ֥ϣɫ£ʮֲϲӢˣ˵Ķң绶˵Ҳ̸¡
̧ҪߣӢһѰסļ˵˭׼ˣ˵Ҫ̸Ҫ̸վס
ĸƿֺ˼ȥӢһѽĵץסӢѧ깦ĺܶ࣬˦˦
žͻȻ֣֪Ӣ£һӼɿ֡
ӢͻȻ˵Һ㣬㾹ȻҶҳ֣
ɫ˵أݹҵˡ
ߣӢںеŰɣһõģ
һ˵ЦƫƫûƵʧ극ׯǰ
һڵ˲ʱ䣬صİջʱ|ѾС˵ǡ
ǻĺôΣ
֥Ц˵칫ӣһʱڵһҸ¥ĳɼأ
|Ժ˵ôȻҲǵһˡ
ʣ۸ˣ
˵һӣӲҪ극ׯһ
|ЦʵҪöү˲ɣʲôţôƷ
ü˵˵ˣ±ͺɨ˵ģʲôЦ
|סЦ˵áãģǷӾʲôţ
극ׯСӢ
Ӣ֣|˵ѹ֡ѹ֣
˶֪ѹˣ|˵Ҫ˵Ӣţɵô˵ϼҷӣΨһŮƫƫϷǼϲŮģС޷졣ԼԸСϲ۸еͬ亢ӣԪ򶼱۸أүŮԽԽ񻰣ʮ꽫͵ɽĻʦ̫ޣ˭֪ûȴѧ˼书ˣ
һ˵ţһͷȱ˵ŮŷɥҪϼҵϴˣ֣Ȼ㣬ίһ£ɣ
ĻɫһһףȻǱϵЦҭˣ
̲סЦ˵ү㲻Ȼӱ˵㣬ǳ໹ǲģҿһ۵ʱߵɴһ£ˣ
ֶ˭ߵ˵ջǰӰһʻ֮Ԫ|˵˵극ׯСأ
ԪɫһףСʱӢ۸ľ󣬶ʱϵļ˵֣ǧܱԻ󰡣Ů˾ҹħĻ㲻һʧţֵˣСܴҺϵˣ򲻿ˣ
Ԫ˵ĳ˹ЦûϵЦǵԼϣɵð̾





    ڶ 40 
=============
ӻʢڶ̬ˣ֬㣬ռ硣ӻΪʳ˵ײף˵ѲѣȫҪĶˡ
ϢĺͲ֥סͬһ䷿˼Ĳʽ֥˼˵ȻӻѿȴûйӣϸɹҲӸɺʣҪʳɲװ
ķҵԭֻЩôҲΪԭϣĪʰӡ֮ĶǾЩ
֥ʣЩĻʲôأ
ʲôأ
ĵ˼֪뿪̲裬Լһ뷨𣬺վڷⲽ
̲˵ֻ֮УĴԽ֪ʲôĵط֮󣬴δ̲衣̲ȥμӱء
Ҳ㹻ˣǡ̫򵥣̫ˣԲμҪı
Ŀ˼ţ֥ⲽ֪˼⣬״ϣ½˼ˡ
һ֮ͻȻֻϲĺ뵽ˣ
֥ϲæʣ
˵ҵһԲ֪Ч
Ƕ߳ȥΪҪ׼ܶණ˸嵥ͷ϶ȥɹʲ֥̽㣬̼ǵFдһЩ𣿡
֥ͷ˵ȻˣFǲ̼ǵɫ˵һõҴһЩҪ𣿡
ĵͷ֥¥ȥȡ衣˶׼ʱȻҲæͣȡ˴׺Ŵ׸һˮнݣʱһԡ
֥ȡFĽ起飬ӳչУȻˮϻСˮɫ󽫴չȡȥҶһԵȴá
һֱȵ϶ȡĻſʼһеһӽģĸлҪܵũׯȡţ̣ʵ̫ˣллǡ
˵һŬ˵ʲôлл˵˵ҪʲôҿǺܺ档
ֽʡǵȶģ˵һǿ֪ˡ
ĸʷˮнݣȻһԡŽţ̵һڹУȡ˴ţֽ̺õĲ赹С
۾һʵҪ̲裿
Ҳܾ棬ʵ֪̲裿
ȥԭԭϵ˶
ĺ˵ѽ̲裬̲軹ֻǵһ
ȡһЩݹһӵʣƤв飬Ȼ뵽̲һ󣬲ʵЩǡζʱ̲ʢ˵һ̲ɣ
֥棬ʣеڶ
Ȼڶң
۾һɫȴɻ󣬵ûпڣֻǿĽĶ
ĽǰݵĴסŴ׺һСʯĥĥһˮĥĥ飬һȫɺ״ĶֽЩϸܵľУե֭ȥ
һ׺ե֭࣬ĽЩ֭СĵװչޡȻڹмˮշУٽոե֭һڹС
ùǵζŹеϡտһֱոɣֱĳʱʢУȡ͸ǵľˮȴе׺˽粼һĶֻûвǰʸУΪܣҲ֭ң
ɫЩصĿʵģǹ͢ŵط֪ģ
Ĳ֪ǹ͢طѧңνͣҲ飬ʵȻǹ͢ط֪ģ
۾ģԶԣЦȻв˵ĻҲһҲûʲôϵ𣿡
ӵĿ˵ͷſҪ̲Ҫʲô
ֻȡһõľﱵָϵһᣬұȥһ㣬мһ͵͹
Ȼֽȴõ̲ıᵹϣұŨǳ̲澹Ȼûкһ𣬶Ƿָ㣡̲ոû͹ʱıͣ֡
׵ڳɫ̲֣ΨǶ仨ͿһЩ
˵ӻ¶Ʒһ°ɣ
֥еĶ̾ɶ칤һӻڲһ
Ҳקĵ׷ףԺ첻죬⣬ۿ칤
̲ҵĻϣϴӻ¶ӻ¶ϸ壬ζŨζζζԼζһǡôĵѷĻ壬ˮ룬˲ֳޡ





    ڶ 41ģ 
=====================
˳ӻ¶֮󣬺ԥľĴ̼ǲμյıΪҪǰ׼ܶණǰʱݴ׺ʣԵڶ˸磬һæ׼
ԼĪȥֳʱˣҰ̸͸λֻǽص˱˲֥ġ
ĵ˱̨Ĵ֥Ϊ̣ԴĽһдʮ˺ŵķ䡣
֮ǰǿⷿϢʱǵġ
ķ´ƿƿ޹ޣһ·䣬ϢӦ÷ׯİƶɵģ֥һȥתת
֥Ըʳģıĵȥˡʵ̨ûʲôתƵģһ䣬ż·ĺЩʱ΢΢Цţ·˼Сɰֿףͬ΢Ц
תһȦصǰʱؿһߴ߽ǵķ䡣ӵıӰе죬Ĳδϳ뵽ֻв֥һڷУϽŸ˽ȥǰѲ֥δɩɩأôİ˶
в֥ӶվţЩнĻˣϽߵߣɿ
ԭΪӢԵʣĶϼҵʵûøУԲ̲ʵү𣿡
Ҿ˵֮СǺ֣صǸġ
ʼЦһ£˻㲻óʵϣ˵ֻǸ޻ڹ֮İɡҲΪˡ
εİڰͷ˵С֪λ¡
һ²һ£ı˵ֻҪǵ鷳УҲûʲôýġ
мЦЦ˵ղμӱ칫ûұǸ
˵ⳡҺͲ̽μӣڿ̨ϣǻת˼ġ
л˿ĬһԵĲ֥ʵλɾǲ̼ǵĲ֥С㣿
֥һ㶣ʵô֪
ЦĸҲǽˣǰ̷ǹѣҳĸ˵
ԭ֥òĶЦһЦһЦȴæ˳ȥ
ܿ͵˱ʱˣеĺ˳ĵӻ¶ֵ߷֣̼ǺСһĳɼ˸
ڻȥ·ϣ֥Ϊ۱ʣˣʱúϢɡ
֥عϽ˵ǵģֻ뵽һЩ顭
ĳü俴ĵʣʲô˵һ취ѽ
˺һᣬ֥֧֧˵ǰĸ˵һнԼҪףΪǸü޵ϵˣԽûϵҽռ극ׯĴү˵ĸ׵£ƺƺǺҽ׼ҵˡ
ĺ䶼Ǵ󾪣˭Ҳû뵽ǣᷢ¡
ļ֥ƵӣȻǲµģ㰲ο˵Ҫ˼̷˵ĹزֹϷһˣ׼Ҽ޵صҲһǻصʲ̷ٷҲ١
֥żòҪϼˣ룬֥պϼңӢɲСãﻹкӹ
˶ͷڳߴߴ۸ͣ
磬̼ڿջоոĿ»һʱͻȻǰӢ
ӢۣΧڴߵһ£ϲŽ˿Χ񿴵һ㿴˼
˶ΪΪɫ˭Ӣߵ֥ͣ£ļʵǽǵĲ֥
֥ü˵ͷӢŵЦſӣʵЦʲôЦ
ӢһۣЦ˵ˣδɩϣҾͲƽˡ
֥վ˵㲻Ҫ˵˭ɩ
Ӣ۽һʵû£Ǵӻûʱϼҵˡ
Ļ׵ĸ߲֥Ϸ˵ȷλĸ׽׵λнá֥Ƶ£ҧ촽˵
Ŀ֥ۣƲĵӢڲ֥ϵ˵̽ǲϼҵ˿ɲ˵㣬лԼʮǰһϷܵ棿Ը
ǵǲ֪ôǿҸϲǺú˵Ϊ˭ڻ飿ϼ裿ưɣ
Ӣߵ֥˼һ˵ҿһҪдŻؼһ⾿һ¡
ĵͷ˵̽ȥæɣıҺ磬㲻õġ
֥ͷص߻ط
ϼ˲ģģѵˣ
ߺͲ֥һ£Ҳ̫˵ֻ˵Ҳɡ
˵ҿӦˡʵϼҼȻСЩܹҪ޵ģҼƷǲǱˣҲڿˡ
黹δ֮ǰ˲˵ûתƵյĸ֮
˵ͻȻҪȥ³ǩ飬뿪ŽҲˡȻһĲ⣬˵գֻԱ߷ĺ£ҲֻøһŰ츴ҪһЩ





    ڶ 42һ 

ſӱߣһֳ˵Ҽǵϻ|ʱˡһ桯ҳͦóԵģֱһȥɣ
һһƤϵ˿棬ŷżѹΧƤ©ۺڣʹΧƯŶһ֮ü񡢻ȡƵͷӣ۷ǳζۻ
ĻŵʱһĸоҪˮ
ȴҡͷ˵һǽһɫ棬ȻҲ˻뵽á
ʲô𣿡
һ
ҡͷ˵һľȻظĲɫӰ쵥һܳɼҪײȵɴ䣬ǾͲˡ
ǰͲμӹı֮ǰίҲ˵ͬļھֵܷʱȴΪɫظ˷֣ʱͦԩֿ۷Ҳ޵
˵Ͽɵĵ˵ͷһ˵Ǳʱ£ҵһзƻܽأֻûһûзƣǲɡ
һзơ
תһתзƵ̵ɻȥپƼҶ̵ȡֻһû취һзƻܽرҪһɫֻзˡ
ܵѹԺеĲף˲̫ͨȱӦʳģܿͱһһųΪ֪ĵʮֺãƬһ˶ԵҪܸߣʹ˸һĲˣΪͬ˵ЧζҲȻͬ
˵ͷ˵ұȽаա
Ȼ˵аգôȻͷˡʱϺҲˣļĹĵӾʣ㣬۸ˣ
ǣڳǩĵطǸŮˣᣬô겻ɢƵģ
극ׯκͲ̼һ˳ڳǩʱҲ֡
˵ֹǾȻָ극ׯ鵽һˣǻҪͷģˣ
Ͻ˵¥Ҳ鵽һ顣
ʣôɣ
ʮ֧飬ÿһ飬飬ÿĶһСǰʸ׶Ρ
ǰ¥Ͳ̼Ƕеж飬ǾǴ֪극ׯȥĻʳǽǰģҪӮǲװ
ϵʳ츮нУһ磬̼һ˱͸¥ʳ츮ͷ
|ȻҲⳡǶ˵Ҫʹ汾ŶȻɾûôùˡ
˵ҲǺܵǵ㣬Ҫؽˣ¥˭ҲҪŬһá
|յͷһĵЦӢҲˡ
䳰ȷ˻ǳȥǽҹ˳浱θȻ극ׯʳ츮һʤ붼ˡ
ӢֻҪһ֣˷ܼĶһ֪˭ţƤҪˣҲĳɼ극ׯ˲̼һأ
Ȼٲһǹལ극ׯҲ֮ӽ񱩵Ӣ˻ȥǰСĵʵô̹𣿡
Ļش˵̽岻ʣҺ
֥岻ʵϢģΧ˺ܶ࣬ʣʹԾֵӢ߽ʳ츮
|ϼˣ̾˵СȻ鴫ţʣ֥𣿡
Ľ֥ܺлԼͬ|˵ˣ|ȵŴ˵ôԣô죿
ĽһЦʣҲҸ˼ˣ
˭
ͷҲЦŵͷʾߡ֥˵£ΨϺǽӴʱ䲻Ǻż
˵ԭõ磡ȻˣһؼȻҪĸ˵һ˵ɲܰԧ죡
ʮֵò̷˵ϲ˵һ
ʳ츮СǾվ治ȥǰ룬˱ϽСȥ
߽ʳ츮ȾͿ˴һɫĲңдŴĸ֡ٻ֮񡱡





    ڶ 43 
===================
Сǿ棬Ľܵʳ츮ȥ껨ʳĹھǸҾ¥Ļң
ĺһۣаЩľû뵽ãȥǰ극ׯֵͬһ飬ȥĹھһ飬ѹӢôŵ˵Ȼ극ׯʳ츮ڸʤ
Ĺ鵣ģҪеġ׼Ҫ볡|Ҳ׻ϣ׼һͬ볡׼ע⵽һ˶ȴͷ׷վһӢܵŰ׷˵ĸ첲Ǹ˾ϰˡ
ڳ֮Уϼҵһֱϼֵæͣϰδ֣ʱȻǲСģ
Ĵһɫ۵˴ż˽׼˼ˣæкΪϰ塱񡱣ɫʳ츮Ĵϰˡ
һһкĺʱһ£С˾ĵһû뵽ĺͨ˳ҳɼ쳣Ц˵ǺηѽСֵܺС￴Ͳȴͨǿ֮ѽ
˵ǰˡ
ʹ˵Ȯɸ£һ겻Ҳ֪ѧΣܺһźáӦöȽϡȡ
ʳ츮ΪȥĵһƼһ˽μʳ˾ѵĻᣬͱ㽫Ķ˹ȥ
šɡ֣һ˿ģ˶δע⡣˼ţǾʿĪʶɲɣ
ߺ˵ϸˡ
˻
˵ȥյʦţ˵ʦ˲ű򲻿иʦᵽһɵˣ˵˵ʮ˵ã˿緢紵ܽϸ˿ߣΪĵҲ֪Ȳȵù
ľȵ죬ΪѾǸˣʦȻǸ߸֣߸ײ佱ˣɵȷʮ˵õĹ֮ɵĸס
Ŀ˿Լ˫֣аޣ͵͵ѵ£ԼʮָɽӲܷӱеı£Ȼͱһ
ڿʼˣԭƻҪĲǡƬһİ֡վڸ̨ϣ̨糱ĹڣصȡһС
ЩСԼĪָûõĵһμóĶ֪ⶫôãԺϸĿš
ЩСһ浶ϴеԵӣһ̲һĵƬֵָϡ
ظ
ԸȡȥƤļظӹ飬õ۾ƽ룬ʮϸĹ۲򣬶Žŵϡ
ŵƬŵϣҴһ½ǶȲŽȥ
ĿţѵҪöƬͬʱƬֻ۾һ۾ʱ˷·һ磬͸ŵʣҲԾıӰˣ
ָɣۻңеöƬģΨһƬƬҶεļⱡƬз뵽ԱߵС
ļһƬƬ̾ķҶεıƬϾȻҶе·ţȻѼҶһôģ
һ鼦ⱻһҶӵ·ʱɢµһƬ촷ۡһǳɣˮ㣬Ĳòľ
꼦⣬ƬзϸΡζ塢ͷۣץϽʹƬһ㱡ĺȻһǷ
ĸһ׼ϣȡˮ㹽гҶεıƬлĩá
кʳıҪ¹ˡȽȣͻ󵹳ٽȣ͡΢ʱϽļƬ룬ɢΪƬʮֱԶҪ죬֮ǰ׼Ƭ㹽һУ֮©͡
ԭͣŴлĩ㣬ٷŻƾơϸΡζշУƲȥĭˮͷ۹ϡͣϻƬʢбá
˻һըͣڹ·ͣ߰˳ʱͷըִࡢɡʱ̳ΪۣĽƬΣϸǩ壬ڵĴ̰ڳĻΣһƬƬſ
һǽ֮ǰļƬ±ϣܣ˻˻ҲʱƮɢ
˲ѣȴƾ˴˹أΪܾҶеļƬСΪƬҶε·֭ζͨЩϸСк͸ƬУʹ˻ȻɣζȻмĲͬ
֮Ƭ±ɫڻεĽƹϣɫɲͣ
===================






    ڶ 44 
========================================
۽ӹõĲˣ˶˵ίǰȥıϽʲôˡ
¥һзƻܽأĲ֪ŪһԶԶȥȷһƺ
|վߣԶԶĶ˸ʤƣǺܵġ
ȥʳ츮ϰʲôһȴŵˣĲһʵһѣ극ׯϰټ򵥲һ֡ĵʦĶԽǼѰԽǴǬסʼ²⣬λǰһһ־ʲôͬ
Ǿĵίڳˣĵϣֻ˵λ͵һһϰһֵڶ¥һзֻܽ˵ġ
˵ίĵһλվ˵ϰĵ֮ȥһ¥ˣϷ̾ǲ֪νϸĩ뵽СУɶ칤ɶ칤
ľȵĵԲ۾Ҳû뵽;ȻܰÿмʿӲǽгĩ˽ȥ
Ϊɼ룬͵͵ȥı飬ȴʮأʮּ
극ׯһȻҲر֮ԭϰǷվǵһƼ뵽һУִ࣬вڲԵҺ״һʱ
|ԵĳɼǲģǰƷҲֻ䣬¥ֻ̫ǣǿˡһзƻܽأ֮ǰǵûзƿ̵ƴ棬ûһ¥Ȼøʴ档
һΪڲеһȻҲһ㣬ʱĳɫ뵽ȴƻзƵɫô˲˴ۿˣ
䰲οĵȻǵǲҪ컹һһ׷ȥģ
ĶÿˣҲûɥֻ|ʮƲ֡˵ȥ긣¥ôǽǰʮǿģĪˣ
Ķ븣¥ʧҲЩȣʣǼʹӮ˱Ҳֻܻȥʳ˾ѵĻᣬүүĳӦʮָǿŶԣûеõ洫𣿡
|˵үүȥ֮ǰҲҵڵˮƽ࣬ȻҲ㲻öһȫʳ˾͹ѧġʳ˾й涨ʳ˾߳˲й¶ʳ˾еܣҺҵûдүүѧһ㶫ǿμԼ׽ġ
һĲˣԭгˮƽͻߣв׼йһ˵
ıѾˣÿһıһµĻΪ⣬յĵڶҪԡ»ĵΪ⣡
ĵɫ㡢ǣаٻ֮ƣƤҩơ
ȻҲʳģۻͣҪʵĵ꣬ĵĵƬĵＹ˿ȵȡûĵ꣬ĵûҡĹʵһʱסˣ
ΪͷۣȴŪĲɣ価кʼ·ٻ˫ޣ˼һ㡣
û˴ȴ˵ȥ궬컹÷ԷԹĵ磬ûһƬ滨꣬ǰڳĵ磿
÷ԷǽһҤӣҲֻϲžܣѹ˲֪ˣǶ˵
ĵ磬Ʒĵ裬ĵСĵˣһյǿ
Ӿ;գۣԡɫ֮ͽСĵûʲôĵˣ
ϲҲ·ڻζյĵȵļʵĵ﾿Щˣ㵹˵˵ѽ
ǿ˼ţ˵ֶ鷳ʲôĵϺʡĵ㡢ĵĵٺ򣬻һܿµĵЫУԵĿ󶾳֮һЫӰҵʱûҶӡ
ΪͼĲҪĵٺǸĵЫϸ˵һ˵
ϻ˵ĵٺŴ԰ӣ԰˵㻨ûʲôóԵģǸĵЫûҳԣֻ֪ըЫӣʲôʵĵûʲôϵԱߵ˼ܲĵƵģͽ
˵˵û˵ǸһʾܲԷĵһ룬뵽һˡĵˣ
ĵֽмˣܲٳѶƳɵĲȣĳֺʷΨһŮ컹йϵڲ֪ĸʱգǲ֪죬Ҳ֪˵ģɴҲֻͣ˵뵽ձĲʽҪȥһʾǷ㹻μӱ





    ڶ 45⣨һ 
======================================
ĵ԰ܲͺΡΪϣ⡢ȡ̶ۡţϺΪϡ˵ĲЩӣؼܲɼٵˣԼֲбƬ󣬻ǽɷۺʱ̵ѵʹڳĵ״
˵ԭʵܼ򵥣ǲϸڶܹؼһʾһ˵ʱҲ˵Ĺؼ֮꾡Ľˡ
ƵƵͷζ֮޲ڣ¿Цֹһ˿ű£˰
Ĳ˼˵ﰡҿɲǿҴŵģֻϹУ˵õܲеĺáѧˣ϶ĸóԣ
ڳöĲɫ㰲ĵĵŵڶĵ
ıҶûкúϢ
|ԼȥԪ棬Ҳһȥ˵Ҫ˲¡֥Ʋ֣ڷеż˵Ļţĵһο
ɢڴϣһûһ˵ŻԼĺɰоĻš
Ϊϻˣһ·㽫Ŵ򿪣ȴվ
ʮ־нŵģʣ֥С𣿡
Ļͷ֥ɫ˼֣üǳɫ˵̽岻ǲ㡣
ĵʵСõʲôкúҽΣ
˵Ҫǿ϶úչ˲̽ġſں˵ţֻôߡ
ҽվ̽ģȻС㲻㣬ҾȻȥˣЩƷҽ
Ҫ²ƷͿʱ֥ͻȻ˵ģϹӽɣл˵
ſڵĶ˶һ£Ȼǲ֥˼Ȼֻ÷֥˵лҪ˵ĺ˳ȥȻ̫ģҲû취
˸߳ţһŮӵصڿջĴģûˣ
ƹŵ˵С㣬Ǽ䷿ס˵ȷҪҵλӣʵڲ֪ȥͼλͳȥѽ
ӢǸһģҪҵӦûҵ˾Ϊƹ񣬺
ƹ񽻲ˣһƳվµĶˣϽ˵С㣬Ǻǹһģһ֪
Ӣͷģֺĵ۹ײһᣬͷʵιģ
³ˣĺ˶һۣ˵ջֻ蹷˲ðϽתתɡ
ĵͷӦ˱ȥ
ӢԼжʱðɣһȥںզզһֱš
ĺ䱻Уڽ˦˿СӴ۸ӣȥҪԹһ˦Ӣ
Ӣϰ֮ˣ˦õģ˱СҲϲʶ·͹գ˦ӢʱԼҲ֪ܵˡ
Ȼ·ˣĺ䶼ǻ֮ˣЦһ£˵ѵСｨôɫǱתһʣܳȥġ
һΧĻ߰ǽһ濴ϵǣһʱȻûһˡ߹һʱһԺͻȻӿˡ
ԭлصĵ¶·Щ˱Ǵġ
ļЩĿƣһ·ȥ
⼸ͽֵģȻղǮ鲻ǺܺáһСĶͽۼ⣬תĺ䣬˵ɫ磬ǵÿЩؿջȻǻ˸żˡ
׽ջ֣СµòŮˣһʱ㶯˼
Сö¡úȾƣһǮֽܹ֮˵ͷߵĸٹ㵽ǮˣϢǮûУĳһѣϣӮЩǮծ˭֪ȴϵǮ˾⡣
һ˶ʲôˣ࣬һ졣Եļ˾һ䣬ʱ⼸˷ëȻĵЦ





    ڶ 46⣨ 
=============
˺¥֮ǰĹϵܸӡˣرǮĻˣϲȥҤӣˣرǽ¶δµĴк¥ҲһĪҲԳ֮Ϊɡ
ϵĽ£|ҵԪĸӱ֬£˻ĺҥǿ˵ˣֻ˲¡
ҥǴ¥е˵Ӧһ¥ʵĸ跻Ů˶˻۽𾦣ĸǮĸ˿ĸֻǳǿ۱֪ˡ
Դ߽ҥŮǱӵΧϡ۴ӳ໹ǴšЩŮ˶óǾǷ򣬶ҥˡϳԪ򣬸Ͻˣǰӭǹεʲô磬ȻԪӴˣ¥
˱ҥ¥ȥ
|Դӽҥһ񾭣ϷЦԪȻһֵӣҲѵļΣʼոԼֻɡǳֹ
¥£ȻĿΧ輧ϲδͬ
ϼ̩ȻӣȡЦƽտӣû뵽Ҳ֬صĳѽ
Цҡͷ˵Ҳֵط
ֻҪ˵ѣЦſʼȻƲ
һŮǵķУԪ̸һ󷽳ȥչˡ
ŮһΣλˣֻ|ΣĮԶԪͷȾƣΨһ㣬ΧΧΧµŮҲֻǰţСĵ˵зĶ
|аûڲѣΪ⴫˵еĵطжô棬ǽ֮ȴ־Щ֬׷ֵۣӡ
˼˵|ƣȥվһվ
|֮ãϽȥһ
ЦȻϲΪʲôҪҪ
|Թ˵Ųţֻʲôõطȴû뵽Ů˸ǺˮޣûаŮӣ
Ц
վڱֵϣҹĿ⼸յı˵֪˵ĵϡ
˵ŮǵһʣģûдҹľŤȴŲһʣ˾ʮر𡣡
|ģͷ£ʵϲɣ
ÿɷȴѵϲ𣿡
˭ϲˣ|Ӳ˵ôҶ죬˭ϲŮӣ
ҡҡͷ˵ϲŸ¥ٶҲοൽܿࣿϲֺαشȫǣĳ˵Ǻ͸¥ͬУľٶʵ̫Ѱˡ
|Ӳ˵вõǸ¥ǰҲһҪľ
㵱治ϲ
|뵽ĳĺֽӣ뵽ƽնЦȴݺݵģǱԴһ
|ŤӣЦ¡ȴ|Դвϻ治ϲô
|ŪƣصкھƱҪؼңҲû£㶼ȥ
İջ˼֥ǰȥϸϽʣãôʲô
֥ǻˣ˵˵ǿǻˣĺͻ䲻֪ȥջͽҶһ飬ôҲҲ
Ц˵̰棬ء
֥ĵ˵ôˣزģʵڲİ
ҿɫȴǲˣҲЩģһϽȥ
ŽϵĵƻԽԽϡ٣˵Ľʼ֥ѾĿ˳Ҳż˵Ѿͷȫҵܣһ˶Ҫݺݽѵһ٣
|ɫѺ͸ˣ䲻˵ǽȴ˵һС
========================== 





    ڶ 47⣨ 

ʱѹļ٣Ԫ˵ǳˣһضЩ飬ȲҪš
֥ԭؼתȦͻȻ뵽ϼң˵ҹңڷƺҲӢĺͻָǱӢ۸ˣ
ԣԪϸȥϸĴű޵죬Ҷ򿪴ʱ˱˽ȥ|ҲƲסһ׽סǼҶӢ
ŵܽһܼ˵ȸһѣǶſڣֻǳٳûϸүС㡣
|ҵȲ˵УӢһǴ߾Ҳˣǳȥɡ
Ҫʱ˳ЩɢңǸմӴģЩ֥ƺܲ˼Ҳ֪֥˵ʲôµݲŭʵλҹ֪Ϊ£
|ǰһ˵Ӣѿĺͻ佻
󾪣ʵô£ץ
֥͵С㵽ջ֮ĺͻʧˣΪСһֱǺѺãǵġ
Ӳ֥ķʱȷûмһͬȥջãһỹԻظˡһ˵Щò£ǿн°ظˡ
λ뵽ԵƬ̣ȥӢӽгȻһ
ӢŭıϵǲҪѪˣҲû׽
|ţ˵ǵһѲ֪
ȰӢӣ׽Ƕλ콫ǷˣҪɴ
ӢĲˣ˵磬Ҳң
˼һʣңûеһȥˣ
ҡҡ
|Цһ˵˵ˣ
Ӣתͷ˵˵˵ұѵѾͷģƴܣһֱ׷ջСǲһͰ˦ˣҲûҵǡ
棿ʣӢͷ˵磬ûҵǣ۸ӣ˰߳ǿ·Ҳһ
ѵü|˵λҲӢ˵С·ˣöɼҶͬһȥҡ
ͷ|˵Щʲô|ͷ˵ãҾǣ߰ɣھȥң
ʮҶԺ|һϽѰңĵķϸѲ飬ȷһĺ便ڲϸ
ԪŸҲ˴ϣĿϳƬкȥѰԪЩǵĶ|˵Ƭطʮֻң֪вٵ¶·ʲô˶Сɫôλˣǲ
Ļ|ǣ|ʱϣϸｫĺҵǵṦ£ҡҡͷʱɫ˼֡
æµѰһԪµĸ·ѵ㣬ȴûҵˡ
ϸ˵үүٻظһȥμӱ
һѣ֥˲뵽ͬҪμӱڶˣ˭˼ȥ£
˼һ˵Ǽȥǣ齻ңȻһؿĺͻ䣬֪Ƿ˱ָҪô֡
Ļ򵥣֮һҵĺͻ䣬ҹ˲
֥˵⻹ϵϰ飬ȷܷ칫ӣһоͽˣ
һȥһĵ˵Ḷ́ʤڴһˣ
һҹٸܿʹȫǣ˶֪μʳʧ٣һʱ۷׷ףܶ˶²ǲ˽λߣЩƦСϲ¡
ϲԼûбѵ˳ˣµû뵽ܾˣֻ·һˣ
׼ӵʱͻȻ׽סƵ˵СôĵӰݺү





    ڶ 48⣨ģ 
=======================================
С󺺣ŵȶˣĵλúС治֪Ѿͷпɽݺүѽ
ߣЩŶԶүͰɣ㿴ү
󺺿еĶүǻˣϾӪȫǮׯȴŲٶ·ԺͺڰĶ·һҹң֮²֪ЩʵС
йٵз򣬶үЩ֮ڻķˮΪ֪µķִ磬ΪɫѾͷﶼˣִǾԲģ
һӶ·ԸݸŸչ˺ãԺʹȥ졣
µĴ󺺱ȭǣү
ԭ˾ǺպĶүƳ
|ڶԪο˵ʦү˵ϢˣǶȻģ԰ꡣ
һŰֺͷ˽Ԫ˵˼仰Ԫʵϣ
ʦүͷ˵Ķү֪үҪҵ֮ϵڸүȥ
˴ϲߣȻһɫĴվһźڵƽ۵ˣЦеĿǡ
ԪǰȭĶү
Ķү˸Ҿ˵үλС㣬ĳˣʶ˲磬ǵĶλѣ¡
Ԫһ֪ƳȻֻǸ˵ݣȴʮֲ򵥣ĵԪ󶼶Ҫ֣Լô
|ѾȲˣϽ˵ϻ˵Ǽ˲
ƳЦŽһ·ҥȥ
Ԫ|ϺͲ֥ںҥǰ³ʱ˵ɫˣ|ݺݵĵƳһ˵ʲô£Ҿ㣡
ԪƳ۾һ£Ͻ˵үһʱǧ⡣
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߽ҥܹƳͣ£µĽ˵˵ƳλСأ㽫չ˺ã˽
˵үλСʱ̫ãūյʱѾˡ
|д󾪣֥ؾͿ˳ˣʲôˣԺжʱ˺ܶ಻룡
ƳҲΪ¿ɽû뵽ȴ˲ӡ
ȴȥǶλС㡣
ŵŵĴӦţ˶¥һ䷿УֻһСӰڴϣʹŤš
|һ۱ϳģǰȥֻֽŶţϱһײš˫۽գǵͨ죬ͷ¶ĺ飡
|ҪɰϽ֯ӣɲã
ɲã
Ƴһ̲סȳ˶㾹ȻҶλСHķӣ
ί˵˽ݣҪһصģūҡū֪ϢʱѾˡ
ֻ֥еʵǾԿʲô
͵ǽݵʱ򶼸鲻ȥЦĹԺҥйأ˶ҪǳζֱԼҪ˲Ÿҩ
ĴҩŮӺҲķŵޱȣҥǽҩЩŮӡĸԸĳԼ
|ȵҩأҩ
ż˵ūյүʱѾ½ҩˣѰҩ˽ҩǻЧʱˣūҧ˵ԼѲŽ
|ҧгݣֱ˺ƬͻȻһʣиأôˣ
ڸڷ䣬ǸӺУǹʱ˳ȥһͷײϡ
ϵ࣬Ͻ˵Ѿпˣûд󰭣ڸڷϢ
Ծڣ֥ԪҲĵĸ˹ȥ
|ڿĴߣʹӲ֪ôźá
ģټּ֣һ͹ȥˡ
ˮ۾޹





    ڶ 49⣨壩 

|ĵ´ʹһѽڻУ˳ıοСè|زţȲôҲ
ƳԶ˵̧һͰˮȥҩЧá
һͰˮܿˣ|ıŷͰУȫס|±ͰУĽıǰ
´ͣˮ̼|ȫҲΪˮĴ̼|Ž˳ģоȵĺ˵ԼĲϣͻȻѡ
ҩЧˣ|㽫ֽźϵӶˣ˭һɰ̾˫§|ĲӣȻʲô
|󾪣ƿں䡱ʱ̲ס
ǲֻȣ·һᱻڱһֱ͹ܵĲˡȵоʱѾ֫ӲŬ۾Լˮ΢΢ͷԼһʵϡ
󾪣Ҫ˺ʱŷԼ˫ֽ§ŶԷĲӣæɿ֣ʱſǰʪ͸|
㡭ҡôʱˮһʱѾݴҲ˵ˡ|
Ҳ԰ͬĹǺ
˫ֳͰıԵ˳󽫶Ҳ˳
׼˸ɾǻ£˶ʰ׵ƳǵҥĴ
ҥеѾɾƳһźľϣ¹Ų϶µС
ı֥Сʱʹһ㣬
Сģͳĵ̣С۲ʶ̩ɽСĸСһΰɣ
ļҪ׽ԼȹǣϽˣ|ǰһŰС߷ɣȵȻ֪Լ˵ʲôĵĻ
СʢŭˣֿվƳ޺үүŹСİɣСţҲᱨ֮ģ
ƳЦ£ɭȻݺ˵ţкãߵԪǰ˵Ԫ٣˾ǰλѵСұ㽫ͽٸ뵽ٶԴ˽ĸ࣬Ҳһ㴦ɡ
ԪƳм˵лүĶҽġ
˵꣬һ֣ļǰ޵ҪҪС˳ȥ
Ƴֶ˵ĳ˵Ĳǣܿˣҽĸ
һƳʼնǺƷǳұ񣬷˵ԼþȻΪԸм˵ĶүҺͻ㣬֮УҪлŶԡ
ƳǺһЦ˵ȻǾ˵ﲢ£ôϯʹ⵱ǽѣλ
飬Ҳöƴǣ˱Ӧˡ
ڻؿջ·ϣԪ˵ǻǲҪĶүߵ̫˲࣡
ĲʣĶүźͰףص壬ôǶأ
Ԫ˵ûõ£ȻΪʲôôǣǱȻԭҪСģҪˡ
˵棬ҲҴ⣬ͽĻϣֻ˵ҿɡ
صİջ֥ȥĺ|ԼѪ
ڿջĴϺŽ۽ʱʱ͵ߵ|ڶˣ֪ߺѿһ뵽ԼղŽ|Ľ;Ļš
|оĶҲȵĺܣҺʱˡ
μ긴֮õϴϢϻؿջ·Ѿҥ˵ˣ֪ƽܵлᡣֱĹԹԵڴϺʱķ
ġ΢Цʵû°ɣ
ĵͷ˵ûˣǻͦ˵ġ
|һ˵֪£ŮܵȥתĵӣԪǾ͡
ļԼӣͻȻһ£ΪԼľȣϽͷȥ֥Ȱո˾ţҲˣڶúõľˡתƻ˵칫ӣյı
=================== 





    ڶ 50̤ࣨһ 

Цһ˵ҽҵʤ
Ӯˣ̫ˣŶ룬ϲһȦɴȴȸԾֵıš
ϼ״Ͻ˵㻹أʲô
Ͻϸڼϵ˵ֶŵģأҺõĺܡ
εҡҡͷôãҲҵЦЦ
˵ʵ磬˵˵ô£Ǹʳ츮극ׯͦǿ˭̭ˣ
˵극ׯ̭ˣǺʳ츮ɹˡү֣ҲһûϢãȻʢ̵ʱ򽫲ˤˣʱѾˡ
е˶û뵽һ£̯˵˵ǽӮˡ
|ͻȻ˵ˣһҹûȥҵҪҵˣ
˵ϰʱѾͬ˵ˣġ
|ȭ˵л֣Ҽ˸ҵ϶ãһҪϽȥһˣһȥĸ
Ŀ|뿪еĸоЩֵֹģ˦˦Դȥ롣һ£ϽǸ˵磬ȻоգǰҵŪˣ϶Ǵͽˣô죿
üͷ΢΢һ£ת˲ȴȻ˵˾Ͷ˰ɣҪġ
ʳڽ׶֮ǰʱ䣬ÿĺúһ¡
Ϊε⣬ʹϽԭƻ̤жȡˣİûڲѣʵ뿴һôڵġ
ȥֻ̤࣬ĵȴϵĸ֮СΪ˵Ƴ൱ԣһֱĸʲôġĿǰĸۡ|ļˣ֪θĸǸҪһЩ
ϵĸʱ׵ľˣĸûеûʣǺζŵڣ͸ž£֪ƳݣͲһ˵ļң
ġ|֥ԪĸΪԴϵˡࡱԸˣ˵ҪĴȥ֧̽ӵʵҲȥ磬ʵ֪ǷĲһڿջ˵ƳǵʱڳԼţȥҲֻղǿ
ĸСͯһ·ߵԺĻУһ·Сˮͣʮֵ⣬ʮϲ
˻УƳһͺµкһԣ۾ģĿ߽ˡ
ƳվЦλˣһ£λҵ׵İ£ұʶʶ
İֳվˬʵЦţЦʮֳγ˿Ҳÿġ
ϯ䣬İʮֻԾһֱġ|˽ŻǵʤͷȤ֮ءǱһȺӣѵôͶФһʱ䣬Ǳ˺ѡ
İ˵ڶҪһЩкѳ̤࣬һڣĶʱѡ˼ʣп𣿺һɣ
ļʣǿȥ𣿡
Ϊʲôԣ˶֣λ˼Σİο|֥ԪĲʹɫ˼ȥ棬ͷ
գ뿪ĸ|Ԫ򣺡ôüļʲôŹ𣿡
Ԫü˵Ƴʱһܵܣôδ˵
|Ц˵ǵл㶼֪Ķү̫ܸˣ˭Ҳûע⵽СܵܡֵܳĻмƣд
Ԫ˼һ£뵽ǵȷЩ񣬲мٲŶԡ
ڶգİľİջǣһγеȴĺ
μΪûͨ|ĸ״Ÿ¥ҪؽǣȻ|һȥҪȥСԪҲΪ߲һȥ֥˵ҪڿջȼĻţӣӦǽ쵽ˡ
İܸ˵λҵѣΪ|ԪͲ̽㶼²ұ㺰һ棬ĹӦòɣ
һİò˵Ĺӣͻˡ
İЦ˵ӭӭʲôϵܹʶһѣҸ˻ǲҪʲôĹˣͽİˡ





    ڶ 51̤ࣨ 

ʣȻ۴ķ΢΢Щǲ䣬˾ˬ
ļҵһֱ˴һݷˮ֣ʮʺϳΡԵСɽ£³İĴ³ɽȥ
ɽ£ľϲķ֣ɽºԭһƬ֣ʱһǵ㣬ţˣгȺŮд֣ʮֵĿڡ
İߵһٺСͤУһȺŮ˵½ʵѣλĹλӣǳոˣʮ˵ء
ţһվЦ˵Ƕô᲻ʶոأ
Ŀӣʶѽѯİİ˵λϼҵү衣
ĻȻ򣬸Ӣ磬ѹǸָʹģô죬Ӣһģ̳ģ
ĺѺԭģ극ׯûܹ뻨ʳľΪȫĵĴ޹ʧ٣ĴͲ᳹ҹȥѰڶҲԺĽõĲ˴򷭣ʧȥ˾ʸ񣡶ΪӢ춼Ҫʹô֮䲻ϣôɫأ
İûϵռ龰ЩΣֻЦ˵֣ϼҲǳңӦкܶ๲ͬҲϸ˵ɡ
ͤ£ļͤе˶ùԼҲ֪Ϊʲô뿪˵Ҫȥˣ˷ŻƣİȻ·
ͤĵĴܣͻȻԱһ˵˽
Ȼ˵СȴһԵ˵û뵽ѦŮŮˣɨ˵ĺܣ
Աߵ˵֣ѦŮĶүûһܵģүȻҪǰİ׷ŮӣǣҪ˵
費˵ߣļҪʸѦİСӱҲóãǻƣЦǻүĻȥ
ɫ|ǵĶԻֻ²˵ʲôȴ
ЦļԪ˧ѦŮˣѦΪûãԹӡŮǱˣΪжЩÿ϶һöѦ״͵Ѧ壬͸ĵö壬Ѧ͸һö
Ԫ˧ӣֻļҴҵö壬ѦŮЩ⡣
ȥİЩΪеĴУæѰţһֱٺӵıԵſɫȹġ
Ķںӱߣ˵ĿŴİٻƣİվı󣬺֣ܰΪԼģҪ뿪תȴİͻȻǰһѽУ
ĺ׵ıĴһƣһͷԵ˱ĺˮУ£İվںӱߣϽȵ֡İĮĿˮûо˼еĺݶľͺ¡
ĸоԼ³ͻȻðֵܶ뷨ġˮԽԼȴҪˮٴԽԼ
û𰸣ӺȻһᣬ˴Ӻһ
Żʪ͸Ļص֣һĴĵĺ󱳣һİİ书׾ͽľб֪ԼļƻʧܡܣϸһĨЦ
ΪʲôҪˮףļҲҪʸѦİôأ
İ룬Ǳضļ׷ΣƳ֪ԼˮԼ罫鶼˵˵ˣҲ˵ǵ޴ȻƳıƭˣ
ƳİĶ磬İȴֱ֣뵽˵İʱΪӡϾ˼ƽϣ³İ϶ƻƳļƻ





    ڶ 52̤ࣨ 

İ˵ݺҥʱѦ嶪Ƴ³ѦŮѦǺεȨˣȢļңѦ׼ҹϵļҵǰ;ΪĿģƳϧҰæ
ԳЦ˵¥Ůӣļҵĵλ˶磬ΪģȻҵݣҽļסΪҾͻмڻ𣿴ˣԸ£ɱģѦض׷ļҵΣôļҾ޷ĿܣҪľ
Ǻ˼ˮò׻ָǣİһϯ䲻֪ļΪʲôΪԼʲôйϵһΣвλӡ
̧ۿİʵΪԼĳޣҪɱо޵ʲôأ
İһȴִֵƫͷ˵֮ҲԸ
Ŀ˵ƳʹЩ´㼴ʹɱģѦҲ׷ļҵΣΪͲѦŮ
İŵ˵ܣöѦʵǼٵģ
˵ö塭͸ģҲѦӡ
ԱϣİĶȵĿûоʲô
İ뵽ݺļҵļƲգɬ˵ۣ
ѯĵ˵ô
ƽΪİǸˬֱĺкѺúöԴȴĶԼɱ֣÷ˣǣĽͱİļҿ϶ȥƳĺ֮ˣֻҲҪ
Ͼһ˵İȻʶֻһ죬ǱϾѣЦһ½˵ҲܵûзҲûа취ˣҲὫ˵ȥҲҪй¶ݡȥƳҲʲôŮҲļˡ
˵˵磬䰡ǿȥɡ
ʪ͸ˣѾʼͷϽṦзȥ
İʧķվ˺ܾãһֱŻعΪԼ⣬û뵽ҹˡ
ġĬĬĽּУһ죬ҪرǸͶ飡
ӽľͷˡ|һֱԹûչ˺ạ̃ĸš
ΪĲټμұԺֻʣ|ͼŵʹӣҲסİջ
ٹһҪ׼ˣڴϱǸĶԴ˵ûãմ˵ˮͲˣıȫͲ̽ˡֶ˵ϵȴǳԲ𡣡
䰲ο˵ʲôϰҲμӱѾ˲֪æˣ㲡ˣú㲻Ҫ룡
ĵͷһ˵̽أôûм
˲׽ס|еһ񣬱һֱѯʵ۹ⶢ
|ֻ˵֥յ˼еţ̷˵ϼҵĻԼġдŻȥ£Ҳ̷˻ˣǾѣ̷˵ǲǺϼϵ֥Ϊ¿ա
̾̾Ҳż߻֪£֪ˣָʲôӣ
Ҫ˵˴α̼ǻǲ̫˳ϳĳʦһһᣬΨһصΪ
ϴϢ˵յıı䡣׼Ķʤʮ֧飬ֳ飬ÿ֧ӡÿǩӳǩԼҪĲȲɡ
˻ųĿȻƶ˵ձĿȻʮµ»ֱǣʯڻ𻨡ջԼܽءֻԹΪ򵥣ڻΪѣ֪Σ鵽Ŀ
һֱ鵽ڻʲôˣ˰Ҳûȴݵ˵²ö룬ճǩ֪֮ϢòҶЩϢɣ





    ڶ 53ܾһ 

ĸδˣҩͻ˯ȻȻģվֲҩԣ˯˹ȥ
ڶʱɫѾ|߿Ĵʵôҷˣأ
|˵һȥˣ׼㣬ȴ˯ĻԲѣһֱڷգչ㡣
ʱע⵽ԼͷϵһֱǱģȷһֱչԼ
|ժͷϵ̧ͷ¶ȣָĶͷʱĶʱһ£һĪļ¶
һ˵ˣȻˣҽСѳҩٺξͿˡ
|תͻȻס˵ллôչҡ
|һͷͮͮӣͻȻ̵ġʶԼĶҲһϽԼѲպͿˣôͻȻ˵
ԴӴԽŬ뵽ȥⲢãҹ˾ʱҲԼߣָһȥһ硣
֮ǰ׽常ȻʱҲǱϾ֮Ĺϵʦͽϵ΢Ҳ̫ܣаȻȥ
͵͵ԼڵУ顢ԽܣǻʧҵİԲҪԽһΣûܹ֤һӣԼӵҪĶȴĳһ˲ȫʧ
|ҩصУ׼𴲺ҩȴƿ֣䵭˵æԼܺȡ
|סأԽҩнӹ˵йŮһҲ̫ã㻹ǳȥɡ
㡭|ֻ﷢£ȴ֪˵ʲô˵ûȴòӦӣ
ŭֻ󣬴ǻ߳ţһţͼİվſڣƢʣôˣ
İ˵ģ𣿡
|δڷʵ˭ң
İæشңİ
סԼʲôĻ˵ѵֻƳҪԼʲôǽн˵ɡ
İ˽|ҲԾĸ˽Ĳ|֪̤һЩ£|ȥʹԭлʱŭ㣬˦űˡ
ļҲܣǿЦһҲᣬת۱İʲô£첻Ѿ˵Ҳٸļκǣ
İ˵Ѿļҵˡ
⻰ʲô˼ĲĿİ˵ȥƳѾ̽ĵϸ㲢ѦŮڱ𴦼񵽵ģ֮ǳɳҲϢļ㽫ŭҵϣΪҰ²ҲļˣԼ˵Ҫļϵûв׼ĵͽ˳
´Ѱ˼Ļмֿţʣʲô
İͷ˵ҶԲ㣬ȴûļҽҴҵԤıɴ˿ɼǸĺĹ㣡
ңʵʲôңֲʲôС㣬ָʹ㣡
İ˵ļҵʮ꣬ûʲôҲͷ죬ƳҵĳࡢңŸҹӹҶң
ҡͷ˵УɲС߲ȱ֣ҲûİɣҲʮİ˵Ļб⣬Բ˴Լߡ
İ̬ȼ˵һã㴹ͷ뿪ˡ
ڴİ飬ʵڲ֪òĻôҲ޷桢ʵ˧꾹Ȼļʮˣ





    ڶ 54ܾ 
===========================
ű㵽磬ȸԾܽһѽıס˵ġģǽܾҮ̫ˣ鵽˼ڻȻҲӮ˱̫ˣ
ߴ˵һѣϽ˵ι˵Ķ˵ˡ
ĻҲ˲ѣվԶͲ֥ףصϲӮ˱
֥̫ãȴЦŻش˵ⶼ칫ӵĹͣʲôҲû
ĺ治ѣ֪ʲôˣڶûڻô⡣
Ц˵Ҫ˵ҳ鵽ڻǴˡҶ⣬ϸ͵ڻǻڡѻǻҩĹЧҩõɹɵļڻԳĿ׼ϵʱҾȥҩЩ򵥵ļڻΡ
ڻһҩţڻϴɴװ÷ڣϴгɿ״Ǵ飬ٽڻǡͬڣˮշУȻٸĻ50ӣԵζɣȽⶾѪֹѪĹܡ
䲹ֱ֪Ƕ֪ڻųԣƷʱ㷲ǲʣ˭֪֮ζã
Ҳ棬ʵ˵ķҲǹŹ֣ô˵ģ
ش˵Ⲣҷ²ˣҩмأֻǺܶδҽ飬֪ˡʦ˵ҩʳͬԴѧ⿵ȥѧѧҩʮбҪģ
˶ͷʾͬҲʶԼкܶܶණҪѧ
ʵ|أչ㣬ôһ˶ڷ
ĵͷ˵ȥģûµģչˡ
ͳ|ĵ̬ȣ˶Ƕ֮⣬˭ҲϸʣҲա
ⳡ׼ʮ廹ʱ䣬ʱУҪԾ⡰ɽ衱͡ˮɡ׼ӭӱĵ
ĵĲȫˣǺһȫĵ뵽׼ȥϵµĳˡԲˣ|ʱû¶棬ȫ֪ȥ
ڳӺʱԪҵ˵|ѾںҥҹˣȥȰȰҪˡ
һȫû뵽|Ȼȥֵط䣬ü˵Һ£ΪʲôҪȥȰ
Ԫż˵ÿÿ֮󣬶ֻ֣Ȱ
Ҳе߹ǰκ|һȥҥʱ϶Ϊ˿ȥ϶ںĶʣģȥֵطˣ㻹ǸԪȥʲô²źá
ЩǾǿŤͷ˵ҺûκιϵҲҪȥ˵תص¯Լæµ
Ԫεҡҡͷԥ»뿪˿ջ
ԴԪߺĲвʱһСĻеָ״һֹ߰Ѫһʣںʲô
ƺǱ˿һ㵵Ŀȴش𲻳
ҹڴշתߣסͬһĲ֥ͻȻġ
һϽӦ˵̽㣬һû˯ôˣ
֥Ӱڴˣֻ˵ʱ룬˺֮䣬ʲôҪġںúڡ
ʵںʲô
֥ԥһ˵硭֮ǰҹңһգ˵˺ܶ໰ϵĶҪúչԼ֮еĹ֮ԲҡȴӲװ˼ܾŮ֮£Ӧոĸ֮ý֮ԣܻŵȵ̸ۼʱףʱ˳һ𡭡˭޳ҲȲһˡ
˽˵ģһ˽øϽȥ
֥ĵ˵Ȳһĸ˵ʲôʲôϼǣһȥԼء
Ŀٵ˼ţƴŽǻԼķӣ֥˵ã㣬֮Ҫľ̹ϣһʱҴšԼģһʱڱˡ
ľ򵽲֥Ļԭ˵ԼģڰָԼ|֮£
֥̾˿˵ϧѾӵеģҪԼź
ڵķŲ֥ĻֿԼеǡĿȥȷʵЧ
̽㡭
֥ûдӦ˯ˡ´վڷԥһᣬϵƿ˳ȥڰУ֥¶һ˿ĵ΢Ц





    ڶ 55ܾ 
=======================
ǵĴϻǵĵƻһ·ҥȥȴ֪ҵ|˵ʲôۼͿ쵽ҥˣĵԴһ㣬ûйɵš
ʶģԵվںҥǰʱɻǰȥʵⲻôôˣöүָΪūҽץء
Ŭ˵˵Цˣ|ģ𣿡
һЦСץСɾˣŵƢ˲ǧūҵĳӸˡ
ĵˣҾ˵仰ȥɡ
϶¥һǰͣ˵ү￪˳˵ҪסһȰȥġ
˵־Ҫţȴ£˵ū̽̽磬㣬ӦѾүϢˣȥǵĺ¾Ͳˡ
ĵĻ͵һܼˣɫҲĲÿ
ŶﺰүʰʰҶ
дһŮӵЦŮ˵үū´ֱӽɡ
ķſӶЩվˣз޺޵|ô˲֪߳ܣ
ƿŶ˵ȥɣ
İͷֽŴϡھ֬ӣŨصζ˱ǶüͷĸˡĶͷĴľɢ£ɢһӰζĲȥ˵|㡭̫ˣ촩·ߡ
|ɢƮ˵סĺõĺܣΪʲôҪߣ
еŭѾȷû|ֻҧ˵ûΪʲôֻ㣬߻
ڰһᣬֻ|ʣΣΣ
ü˵ڵĹǽɣܲȳȥлҪ|˵
һУƺǱݺݵקһ£˵ҵүСӿѾҳȥˣٲߣҪҵƤ㻹קʲô
|Ц˵СӣҪ˵ʲôˣ
Ѿû뵽|ӵز|˵۽Ҫķε̸һβźãûϵȴΪԼ
|ϸĶҪȵĵ˵˵ԼġļıǲܵóѣֻѡһˤŶߡ|´ֻ¹ȫãûһ˿ɢҡ
ػζľţüȭ룬̧׷˳ȥ
̽һŻžױݵС|æȥıӰЦҵĳյܵܡɵӴ
ڿտĴϣԽԽ죬󼸺ҹ۾ﴵȥһͣҪŲԽĲͣˡ
ţͻȻһסĸ첲קͣصײһϣ̧һ|ۿһȡ
|׷׷סʵû˵꣬ʲô
˵꣬һ۱㿴ҹɫзžӨΣһӶסԺ
˦˵Ļʲô˵ģϲǴůܳʲô
ҡ
|εµᣬһ仰Ҳ˵ȴżںڣԼǲݵ̫ˣ
ļԼ˵ŤͷҪߣ㱻һ˫ۻǰģ|ϴźҥеήϢֻñϢΧס޴ӡ
ġҡ|ż֯Լ飬µ˵Ҳ֪ôźáԪ˵ҪһŻ飬ԲšҺʲôû
|ļһһʣֲ˵æԼ˵ġ㲻ҪҺòã֪Һܱ֪ô˵ôǿǣҵ߰ģȫ֪ô졭㣬˵仰òã
ļ́Դ˵󱿵ҪǸٵֵطȥ㣡
|ְ̧Դĺڰ׷ĴۣˬЦ˵
Цһתջߡ|󣬼ס˵ʲôڿҪļʱ˻̾ˣʵôʲôͦõô
ǰţҲƽ|̸һ̸Ǹոձ|һȫ֪Ӻοڡ
߹һսǣ|ͻȻۻȥĺĸȥû뵽˸ǡ





    ڶ 56һ 

տĽϣһϸӰبڽֵ롣ʮ־ȵĿŸˣʵİң
İƽһº˵ôˣҼһҥֵطΣա
˵ʲôоİĶз֮ģϽǰ۰|˵ûжģֻǵ㡣
ĿǶˣһ˵û£߰ɣҪٸˡ
˵̧꣬ߣİ׷˵ҪҸ߰ɣ޴ȥֻҺõˡ
ı߱˵ûжùֺαظأ
İЩ˵飬ǶҺãˣ
ĻΪеֻûأһ·ͽжǰʲôӣ
İĸģҵҲ֪ôźá|֪İƿˮҲ֪ļҵЩ飬İ˵ĶãЩζ
סİ˵Ķ˭ãүҪϣƺ̫ˣҹذɣ
˵꣬§סĵļƺʾȨһ㣬ʧڽͷ
ڶһ磬˼|ˬվڿջ΢΢ЩԾҲûϸôġ|ƺҲȫ⼸£ʵ׼ôˣ
˵Һǻ˵𣿡
|ǽõСʣһҪ軨ǲ軨з
ĺٺһЦ˵ĲǸ²ˣ˺ü컹ûأ˼һܲȡ
|һ˵ǵ²ˣ˾񣬸Ͻȥ
ϺΪϣϺϴ飬ȡ⣬ͬϴ飬һ𣬶࣬뵰塢Ρζˮ۳ֽƳϺס
ڶϺ׵ʱָһѲ˵Ӱ·ʮѸ٣|˫ֶʮɣʵҲֵܳ
ֻüһЦһоǰʡ
Ϻƺ֮óһŴֽֽ׶©ӣȻϺͳͳ뵽ֽ©ȥ׶ϸ˼ȥͷϺ׾ͿԴмˡ
һǴ͵ѻķݱװϺ׵׶©ͽѻסװϺ׵ѻֶһˢ͵׵Ĵֻ̣ʹϺױ㼷˳ĽϺ׼ֵϣƳɲİײ軨ʮ
һʮ䡰ײ軨֮ǱߵҲˣӷ죬ͬʱʼ׼ϡ
ϵٵϴõʲˮãȡƵͲӹɣʱͲӹ飬Ĺ辡ȥʣȡΪǲ֭
Ϻ׿Ҫʱķаںãȡײ軨εϺףڲ֮ϣٽշУУɡ
ɫʰ䣬ζޱȣոϺףײ軨Ưһ
|ˣָѻʣײ軨ôĸһԲͲôã
Ϊش˵ĵȴҲʮѧѻΣɵĻǴΣֶĻ鶯ÿ
|ţѻʣϺףҲҪһ˭֪˰죬ϺĻȫһȥˣЦҪϺͷа㻨ӣ
|˵ǲѳɻôѣ
˵̨ӣ̨ʮ깦ÿҪ¿๦ģǿ򵥡
ôûù
˵ɾԩˣÿ糿ʱյϰּգȵʱѾˡ
|˵ûô¹һء
ʼ磬µǼ죬ÿŵϴ˯ĵҲ͵͵лָѵõˣֻû뵽Ȼʲôע⵽ˡ
ǻǿȡɡ
˽ʾ֭˺֣ܶʲô軨Ʈ㡢ɽ֮ģò׵|ͻȻһ뵽˵뵽һдɽ軨ʫģ³Ů£ϡɺӳˮδȹԡ緢պ顣ԸΪ֦;ٷ¡ɹۣ顣
һ˵дһֽкĻѽдɽ軨
|Цˣ|˵ѵ֪Ͳ軨ͬһֶ𣿡
ĵ治֪ڨڨЦ¡|˼˵ʫȡ
|ͷ˵ԣҾ˾ͽϡһȡԡϡʫ˳ˣûóġϡѽ
˶һּãõȥͷ棬
|ʣѾô棬һˮɣ׼ô
ĺһۣЦ˵ˮȥ,һҹܽغ࡯ʫ
˳貨ȥˮкɻҹ߰ߡǡˮȥ,һҹܽغ࡯ʫ˼Ľ͵ˮɴ貨ӵĳƺţʫӳˣʫҲһˣ





    ڶ 57 
=====================
Ľ֮󣬱ӻȡһ׿̵׵֮ǰùĹ쵶ƬײһǺйоصĿ̵
Ӳ˿ȡܲܲܲһһܲϴȥƤ԰ܲΪˮ򾥺ˮɻ꣬ܲΪˮɾҶܲΪģָɿĽ֧ˮɻ̳໨鶯
÷ѵһĺ໨̵һߣһ飬˲һӣ|ޡԼЩЩ򾫵ϸҲ£ǵʱϱ㲻ˣĶûԣٶ֮죬֮ķڷ
|ʣѵܲͷѵƶɣ
˵ҲȻǡˮȥ,һҹܽغ࡯ˮɡܽأȻҪС
ԭ˵㣬ķ|ĵһȥ¥Ĳʱ˵ĲãһգҲգĿ㡣
ʺ֮˵㽲ܶ࣬Ҫ󻬣ɢоϵġ
ϴظɣϸΣȵĨһᣬ㣬첻飬ζʱ˷ź⣬ٰѳɿ鼦ͷ棬˼ͣ㻬óˡʱһҪˮ֮ҪǸϣʿɿڣζ
ϸĽŸСϸڣ|е֪еȴ֪ʹǰ֪ģڿַҲ֮ͬѧ˺ܶණ
õ㼰ϳηŵ໨м䣬һΪ̵ˮɻһΪܽغᡱ˿űҪˮˡ
һӺȡζɢ֭͵񻨣ˮһ峺Ө˱ҪȥμӾġ貨ܽءˡ
|ꡰϡ͡貨ܽء󣬲ԽľĴָ˵նһٶˣ
ڳĵĿģͻȻһǰʣôˣ
̫ȷ˵ƺʲô
ҿӰûڰͷ˵Ҳˡ
ó˱صϢȴյľϺڿջźȲ裬߳ɨһʵ̽أһڷ𣿡
˵һȥϸˡ
ʣȥʲô
˵˵Ҫȥϣܾ£˵Ҫȥ˵˽£Իû㵨һ
ͬȣһֻԹƵĲ֥ΪԼģŬʵڿɾ
գʳܾڻǰʽ𣬸Ļơֽϲڻǰȸϣͷӿȫǵȴۿʳڡ
ļڴ֯Աİ£е᷿Ϣ׼ҴǰٻǰĿյϴ˸ߵĸ̨ĸİŪþߣ׼
Ԫϼල͵ģǰʵ׼𣿡
ĵͷ˵Ȼ׼ˡ
Ԫҿˣ˵ҵʦү죬˵жŪɽ軨ˮɻʵأǵûаգ
΢΢Щȣɽ軨ĻǴӾµ£Ūɽ軨Ǻܲ죬ؼˮɻũѮˣˮɣĪǵ¶ԼģǴ˵ǻЩݹˡ
أڻҪüһʱ䣬Ūˮɻƺ֪˱Ŀء
ĻлԪȻ˳˼˼ķЦ˵ʵϵʻָ˭Ӯأİɣ
Ԫͷʾ⣬ı㵽طתתٴˡ
糽ʱʽĻμӾֱ֧ǽǲ̼ʳʳ츮ǺʹݣԼζ˲̼ǣ֧Ķ飬жͷȻھʳ츮ˡ̼Ϊһƥ극ׯҲ˽ֵ
̶ƶõģαϯԪʼȻһͷĲɼαƷ֡
ĵһġϡܵüαǼšɽ軨ҹۿ֪ƳɣƵƴƴ˰Ҳ벻ͨ̾ɶ칤ȻǺܸߵģҲķܵͣǺʹݵ˾ͲǺֹˣǺײˣҲϺƴ軨ǵĲ軨ƽ̹ϣĵ軨ûбȽԿԡ
ڱеһʱѾڶˡ貨ܽءãģ́ͷ׼ʲʱ˶סˣʳ츮ٶȱǻ죬ǵĵڶѾίϰţһҲǡ貨ܽء
ʳ츮ϰڼαϯǰ˽˵ʫ⣬ƵƵͷۿҪƷĲˣǰȵȣ
˶ģҿеĲʱȫ
ڱ֮Уײ޿ɱģҲûй涨ʹͬһˣϾܶ˴Ҷǡ貨ܽءΪһ²ʽھײˣô˾Щ˼ˣôҲ뵽⾿һҵĴ⣿
ϰеĿĶŲһαϰʱݺݵıһۣûнʮǰУϰһ
뵽ͻȻóˣˣǵĴⶨǸʱ͵ȥˣϡҪѻܸߣһʱѧȥڵһʱûǵĴ⣬ڵڶȴö֮ĽǵĴΪС





    ڶ 58 

Ŀһҵġ貨ܽءĿһ£˵Ԫ˵ʻԭʳ츮û뵽ˮ²ˣ
貨ܽءŷŵһ飬һģһΪΪҿĵЩ֣Ҳգֻ˵λίĲҲǡ貨ܽءڴ˲˵⾳ϰ巽ѽ˵ĺҾͲٸֻǡҪίһ䣬ϰĲ˿ǧԲã
Ѿͷ˵ʲôʳ츮˺ǳαĵΪ֣һʣϰĲ˳ԲãĲ˾ͳԵˣλĻʲô˼
Ц˵뿴ʵ˻ģϰ貨ˮɻˣҵһȴܲƴɡ
ĵ̼뻯һʼȻûпˮɻܲģжʱ̾һҲţֻ룬ܲܺҵ滨Ტۣ
ļ͵Ϊҵ貨ܲϰ貨ˮɣҵܳԣĲܳԡϰ壬ѵ֪ˮж˵𣿡
һ䷴ʣ͵һˮж˲֪ǳԻϰߴж꣬ˮɻڹʱţʱҶҲרȥǳеˮɣȴ֪ˮжģ
ϰǿ˵ˮɿҩǼõҩţô˵жģ
ĲŲæ˵ˮɵȷҩȽⶾŧ׵ҩĶȴӹɵģˮȫж۾ԽϴʳŻ¡ʹƵ΢亹ɡ˯ѵ֢״߷ΡԶ
ÿ˵һ䣬ϰͼαĶһ֣ļ˵Ļ飬ŵ˵ţȨĴ˵˵ɡ
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һ̣͵ɫˣ
˵˾˭Ĵ⣬ֻΣ˵ˣ˭ֻأ
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ϻæ˵䣬˵ңԲš
ﻹͣһѽƿˣֻø󲻶ϵı˵
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Ц˵õģµĽӴػ˽࣬Ӧûԭİɡ˵ӳԵʲôã
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İοˣǸϽȥҽиȥ
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˱׼ؿջԪҵ˵ҵȸǣӮ˱һμʳ˾ѡʸ񣬼ʹѡԲμʳ˾ѵĹ֪ͨ¸»͵ǣѡѡ׼
ҶЩ⣬ʱֻҪӮû뵽ֶĸǲþѡ˵Ҳһʱ˱˵ؼ֮¡
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ƿ|ڿϣ緢ɣյĳǵĽϣ˵ҫۡ
İԼԽ֮ʶЩѣȻǸǧҲǸݻѵһȺйͬõѣΪ˳նֳܶʵ岢ҲᡣҲЩƽƽܳþȥγһҸ
====================== 





     59£һ  
һİ棬ֱҹŻصϤϢ˾ðģ̼ǰƻҲů˵ġ
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ٻ֮ҹϲ̼֮˱׷׻ԼУڶ̸顣
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Ǹ硭ĺܵģ벻⣬ֻøĿ֧˵ðɣ飬һ֧֣һȥ





     60£ 

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=========== 





     61£ 

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Ŵ˵磬Ϊ¸лġ
⣬⼸µǼչˣҹĺܿģ˵֮ĺºֶΪأ
ҲЦˣʣ㿴ʤжأ
˼˵˵ʤֻһ˲䣬˭Ҳ˵׼ġ
Ҳǣһģ׼ǡסġ
ĻͷģȴĴδԥɫʵʲô֮𣿡
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ܾ˵ԺϾȥ棬ȥ𣿡
ͷ˵Ȼԡ˵ţӻͳ֮ǰ͸ģȴŪѦݸ˵պãȥǣƾöͿҵҡ
ѽһˣ
ͷ˵Ұļȡˣֶɲ㴦
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ҼСڳǶүɢģǱȥ
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Сɻͷ˵ѽҷСüˡ
ЦҺͲ̽ϵǳȥ̼Σôδ㣿
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ӰС·Χû뵽ᷢ£Ҫںȣ;úһ飬ʲô֪ˡ





     62ޣһ 

СɴżˣŻʵһ·СܣһֱǶһƫƧլԺͣ½ŲڵҹլԺֻһյƵĶƣ֮䣬ƺӰ
СָǼ˽һƫУһȥߵӰǰλϵݵˣСɰˡ
Сˣ谵ĵƹӳϣĳк;ȹ˿˿⣬ǾǻױĹ󸾡
һ˿˵úչǸŮӣϸЩҪ©֪𣿡
СɵͷӦѸٵȥ
СºһȥũʮĵѾ磬¹ǵϣԵһһ˾Ȼǲ֥ĸף
̷ɫʮֽţһ˵ûŵĺܡ
ĸĸףϷˡ˷ͷϵĽΣЦƺʱСˣСʲôµġ
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Ϸ˳˵ǱܣŮȻ޸ܻСǣңСԼŮֻôأŮ˵Ǻġ
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Ϸ˿룬˵ϼҲᣬҼүʼֻһλˣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
̷Цضٳˡ
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̷˵ȷ֪ڲ̼ңһ˵㣬ֻһŮͲˣ֥ĸ״δ˼
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û뵽ʮӶʮ޵ϼҷɻڴһĸ֣˷Ϸˣ̼һղһաԴӲ᳤̻ȥ󣬲̼ұܡ֥ĸǸº͵ӣϲ̣ǮƿĶᣬܹС
Ϸ˵ЩظɣյıճУ齻ңֻҪעⲻҪüӿ쳣ǡ
̷˵ͷӲСʧҹɫС
ߺϷѺĵķǰгСʵ·ûײ˰ɣ
СɻشûС￴˷ġСдֽһϾˣһ·˭Ҳû
Ǿͺãڶأ
С˵Ѿŷˡ

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֪ŵݺɫ԰ףĸѿһŵСǽؿȻ֮ǰ࣬һʱҲòξˣ
侲һЩ쳣˵̫죡߸ı֮գͽȴֻҪȥӣҪܲμӱ
|ʣѵϼҵ˱Ɒɵķӣ
ͷ˵Ҿúпܡ
УҪȥ|˵Ҫߣס˵ֻǲ²⣬ƾ޾ݣôȥҪˣ
|ż˵ô죿
ߵͷͻȻ|˵|ܲܽӣȥ
|˵ӵȻû⣬ѵȥμӱˣ֥ô죿
ʹ˵ҲΪҵÿܵ˺Ⱦȳģ࣬ٽ̼ͬ˵ٶӱҲ١
ڲ̼УϼҺͲ̼ҵ˶ڵҵμӱۼʱ쵽ˣȴٳٲҵһӰ
֥ڽĵϢüѾ߳ȥһֱû˵Ϣ̷߽֥ڵķ˵Ů߶ôûг⣬һƬ⣬ôôɵ
֥˵ģһʲô²ûһǵġ
ʲôܴùĻ£ʹ£Ҳ˵вڵһλ޸ˣʲôҸԣ˼ϹӣδӻԶĿ°
̷˵Ļò֥Щҡ˵УһҪ߲С
̷ͻȻŭһҹ㣬ܵȥһЩ⣬Ҳߣ
֥ĸ׺ȵԭشסȻߵһ۵µ
==================== 





     63ޣ 
==================================================
ǶͤУ߱һڳͤУţȴһӰ|ڲԶĲݴУĵŰ˵ĳ֡һֱȹʱҲ|
ļİͻȻܳ˵ղǰַһţ˵˽׵ʱص㡣
˶̲סĵһҴҰָָϵĳͤȥٵһʱ䣬С˵ٴθ˵ص㣡
һڲϵıжȹ֪С֪ͨ|ſڱʣܱˣǸ쵰Ǹĵˣ
СһЦ˵ҵˣϰǿȥ
ߡ|˻ϲѣ˲ƣϽظϡ
ǱһʰũڽֵⷢģũϳǾϰСŮϽ˱䣬ũʵʲʲôֻա
Ǽɻԣʮֵģ鿴˵޷ֻǽõҩˡ
˰ĵ˳|˵ϼҵ˸ɵĺ£İ˻᲻ҪǮͻУһҪָ˵
һֱŽձ£Ҳ˵Ҫȥ̼һˣһ½顣
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ԼĪʱ߷ߵ˳|뿪˲̼ҡ|δŭ治̷֪˶˵ʲô
صңߵĸǰ˵ϾѧһҪѧһóգҫ鹣
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Ϊʳ֮£ȱԸʱ˵ҪϾѧһҲˣֻ˵鲻ʱ··ȵʱ򣬲ȼĩתߡ
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ĸıģһʱ޷Ȱ˵ֻӦյȿˣٺúùȰȰ
ڶĺˣշô°ߵġ
ü˵ҽӵ̽ױţ׼ȥ̼ҵʱһСɵѾסң˵Ǵȥ֥ߵ·ҾòԣҪѾˡ
ʵ֥ױţ
ĵͷ׼óǻѱҲҲˣȷ˵̽ϵõģȷдġ
ôȥһֱΪϼ˰°ߵġ
ͻȻЦһ˵ȻǸҪ޸ԲŰ¡
üʣ磬ôô˵̽أ̽һƬİ
ʲôҲû˵ӻͳһҵϡļŶһǰŵĲᣡǲ֥дģֻе񶾣˵˺ĻĿһ붼ٿȥˣ
ŵʣ̽ô˵ĻأʹûаԼȥμӱҲ˵Ļѽ
߳ĬԶԡԼĸʮţɵȴĲһ
ģȹһҪʰˣڼҪչ˵һ𣿡
ڱ˹϶˵ı͵˵ģұٷ¿緢Ҳûʲôˡģڶ֮ǰȥʳ˾ͨǵѡôͿֱӽʹŷʹûͨҲԲμʳ˾ѵںͷֵһҪͰ
߳Ĭĵͷûϵ͸ֱһô磬û뵽ߵ½ͻȻһ
סʣǲ֥ı磬֪ĽΪʲôҪԸ˵ĵĻǲ˱ôģ
Ϊѵ˵ԴӰ֥ʼ飬Ҿһֱûм˵ͻȻҪ޸ϼңҲܳԾһ취Ūġ
ҪҲҪؾǣǳͬһ죬ʮ·ϺиӦۼԽԽˣ֥ǱһֱûеõһϢȥ̼Ҳˡ룬ж飬һҪһ֥ʸø뿪
ΪƵƵΣգԴҾԺţ߱ˣⲻҪȥҲ֥|㾯ĸߡ
|ŵӣĺЦ˵鶼ȥˣ׽ˣôţ
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ϵͷ˵ҽȥ̼һΣҷҾѻ
Ȼֻõ˲̫ȷı֤Ҳˣϸ֮ĺ|ߣ׼ŸߺĽ磬һҪμӵġ
============== 





     64ô˽ 

ڻص·ϣͻȻ뵽һ£Ͷ|˵ҵüûˣǵ⼸հǮҰ
|һ²˵Ǳ׻Ǯһ˵ǵǮ㻹ţС
ǵǮɲ٣ÿнʮأöණˣͷЩϽҡ
|ɻǮȥˣûʲôĻʼǱǮƽʱãһôˡ
ʼ˵һȥʼ䵱˻ǰֻЩǮ˲ϣ׼ǶҪˣҲ֪ʲôʱټõ
|ʣ׼ʲôûҵķݣ
ǵֲԶţҾЩϺõ̴ľһ˸۵СӣԷЩ򵥵ĳߣ·ñȽϷ㡣
|ȵʣ㻹ľ𣿡
øͣ|ΪʲôֲڲֵһĶֱڽۿóӣ֪Լش
Сʮ־ɣɫԵ̵İٵӭͼרñɫɫĲʷɫƯǳ򿪹ӿΪ㣬㶼˴СͬĸӣݲͬĴСԷŲͬĶֲ˵ﱵ񻨵ԼССĸƿԷŵȥֲ֮»ζʮֺáǰԼùӷģⶫĥ˺þãû뵽ƳɹȴǸߺ
СӰֵ˵ԭĲֹ˵ʱɣҲ˵ãû뵽ÿֺõĶҾͺˣ
߿͵յҲѵЦݣĵͷһоڲС
ЩͳĸŶƴĺȾƣȰҲǣȰҲǣƵĿģϣȰ䣬ֻ̾һδֹȾƣһΰɣҲ˯þ
ҲڣǴ˱£ܵﵱѧͽһ㡣Դһ࣬һֱÿӴе׷Ҫ׺бѸٵĿһЩ˼ֻۣ֪ģ̧ƱԺһ
Ͷ˵ԼҪ뿪ģԸ顣˵ϲ䣬ʹϲģҲ㹻ĶסԼĳ嶯ޣɼһЩ飬˵ǰĳˡ
ߵڶûоͷʹǾˬһֻ˯̤ʵˣĳЩȻǸö
ҪߵĶʰˣһ˱һǣһƥණϣڼѵĴӵš
߶Ըĸ˵ǿȥɣԶҲҪߵġúչԼǲҪģѧгɣһᾡģ
Ŀ΢΢¶׵գŸ˵ʱ磬˵Ựɣһ˵һȥнŲ֥ô
ȥһӰڳڣʧǣǲ֥ϡӭСʵ̽أ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǻδǲ֥Ը֮ǵȲ֥ˡ
߿֮ĶߣͷЦһ£Կ˵ˣڼҺúТ˳ĸһ
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Ҳͱ˱ȭ˵ٻᣡ
ƥжһʧУĨߣͻȻסߵ˼䣬תΪϲ˵Ҫ
ԭƤڲ̼ޣҹ͵͵ȥҲ֥飬һ֮²ŵ֪ĵֽ͸ߵŶдģкܶŹ֣һֱ֪ıܵ飬һԸ뵽ľԼƭˣʮּߣ
֪֮ߵڶձҪ뿪һ뵽ԺǼˣоһ׶ʹ˼һӣȥ߽һ˽
ϱõ۷ԸзӣΪ˶˵ĶĿϰҹ㽫֥ӶͳӦ۵ڱĳͤˣ
ֻ֪Ҫޡ˽ȥҲ֥²δ̷˵۾̷˰ҹԲ֮ŮŰ͵͵Ӻо֣ھװ֪ȥˣ
֥ݵ̷˱ϲģʵ۵ҲŮĻ£˼ǿнϸǶԻǲԡ
ʵϷˣϷ˵ĳǸò̷˾ľû뵽ǵĹѱ³Ǹն󸾣ֻ²֥װűˣż֪˼ŮȥϼұضԿδһ氮֮ˣѰδˣ
̷˿ŮʧС⣬οԼ૵˵ж︣ȥˡ
====================== 





     65䣨һ 

ˣȴһ̬ĸǧΪûģ͵͵˸ˣڼҳư˵ԭΪȷ֥ĸŸˣ˽ˣ
һҪˣľÿģÿճ˽̵İ³Ǻ|֣ٲ͵϶ˣ൱ϵģǷʯͷҲҪĥԲˡ
磬Ӫҵĸ߳ȥֻĿˣһֳԴһֲյӪҵأ̱һֱ֡žһҲõĿȫûˣ
䡰ѽһ̧ͷϵ˫Цһۣŭ˵ƭʲô˺ЩʱĿȫŪûˣ
ƺܸˣÿÿӣбŰ򣬲ȻĲ֪ôôϲ
ڴһֺǺǵĿŹ̨Ե˰죬ֻúϵıͻȻһЩȥҲÿˣϲôĳ|ûˣ
|ԼԱ˵ôϲ˳죿
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һ·߶߶˺ܶ࣬ĴŪڵĽǴ󶼳ϷһСǣʥǧ֮ıθԽǰĹŴйĺֻǡ󶼳Ǭ족ȵʷдδҲ֪ԼԽʲôط
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ԼԴĪ𣬾ˣ⼸Ҫ˯߲У 





     66䣨 

꼾̫ͣˮڽĴҴܣɽϮһ㡣ƵеĿ˷ǳϡ١
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ĸЦһЦ˵|ͻһҪ
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ȻģǱģ|Ȼֹס޵һƯɰŮޣ
Ů޼ǰվһȫµƯ磬Χˮ·ռһ㣬ɵøУʣ˭
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|ЩȣСޱŮ޻Ǵ󵨡߽é®ʹϵ͸Сޱé®
é®ܼ࣬һĲ֣˼ٱΣҲûжĶһķųţֱӿԿª񴲣һ
Сޱ|ϣ˵ҵܷ䣬ƽʱҽģŶ
|龫֣Ц˵ֻǺ濴һûʲôġ





     67䣨 

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Сޱ˵һڼû˸棬Ҿֻȥɽ棬Ӷ˾ͻҶԣ·һֱ꣬Ūʪˡ
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СޱͻȻɽµ𽣣ͷŮԭĪ㡣
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     68䣨ģ 

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==================== 





     69䣨壩 
 
===========================
μҵŲҰ죬Ԫ󶼶ڶԵҾ徵İĽҲ˱Ļ̻̣
һǾŸĸҴҸϳԪĽֵԾ²߽ʱŷһЩ
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|˵ÿһ֣˵ҪжĿ޳û˶˵Ļڲףѡֲ򵥣
ʪĶ˵ԣ̽ܲˡ





     70£һ 
 
=============================================
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˶һ˵ģǵ˷һ£
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ǻ̳һǼ䣬һͻأӡͻȻ۽ǣ





     72 
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Ķϸŵϵļ֣һ˵Ҳÿɡ
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Լ뷨|ͷŷѾˣǸϽ׷ȥ





     73һ 
=====================================
صջĽ||һ£һ˵ʹ⼸ΣһҪϾ常̫죬Ҳܲɣ
ļҪ˵ҪһϾǳҷμһл׷ɱô죿ЩȨȶ£ҪôǶ
|ʵƿԣתǿ˵ڻʲôأ˶ȥˣһηηĲȥǱһμҺ𣿡
Ȼͷ|оʧ䣬˵ԺҪúչԼͼˣһܻҾ͡
̧ͷĿԣ|ôѺ仰˵ֻĿ˵¥ʰϾȥˡ
Ŀ¥ıӰжµĿɬԡ
µ꼾ڹȥˣ¥ǵҲҪɣڸ¥¿ŵĽǽİö˴Լնڸ¥æµ
¥¿ź⵭˺ܶ࣬ǵһ붼硣˹˼μҵѪúμйصĶܻԶԶġ
ĲòŶԲߡ³彫ĺڣȴûжաˣʷͬûԭĶڣ
ȻһʳûгԹӣôӱ˸¥˵ľĴŸ¥ʦڳæµӣЩʦ̫ĵḶ́ܽǿһƮķʱЩ̾
ӵкܶܶ࣬Ƚ̴Ҷأڴ˻˰աءɳաաաٹա˱աҶյʮɫڵӣʹôҿۻң
ʦѧӵͬʱڳŮֽӣɫĴ϶ʵ˿У¥װƷٺʲˡ
⣬Ļ˴СҸɢ³帣¥չĻһʮӵĹ˿ͿѳΪ¥ҵĹ˿ͣԺҳԷܰŻݡ
ˣ༫ƷӣװУ͵һЩӰ˼СĵĶԲȫص㹥Ҫ³¥棡յӵ֪ĹʳҰĴ壬Ҳׯϰˡ
æµ˺ü죬³ˣһʨھ¥ǰȳƣ˲·ˣ¥ƯɰĲֽҲ˺ܶ˿͵ע⡣
ڵСڸ¥ǰĴǰӣƮݣ·˷׷ʲôʳ
ĽŵڴУյӵЩʳ߷׷ˣҪĸǽЩȴǷŵĶʲôôģ
·ҡǶ˵ӵĶóԣ֮һӰŻݿջ󣬷׷׽ҹ򣬸¥ֵĲ֪Ǻã
æµͬʱ|ҲæµţµμҵͽɣҴʰװھֹʦһװ̤Ͼ·
ߵ൱æûͬĸ𡣵ĴӸ¥æµʱŶ˵ģ|ˣͻȻˣҲȥȥ⿴ܲ׷ϡ
ԭ˸߲ҵĻͬǽ¥յʢҵ鱻ͻϢһ˿ʣ类һˮҡ²֪񱼣׷ȥ
ƴţҪҵ|ʸףΪʲô뿪ʱ򶼲˵һǺ⣿
ţڱųǽͣ£˫ֳϥǣ̧ͷǵķȥϦĵ·ϣ·ԵľӰĺóɾûаӰ
֪ΪϦ̫ҫۣΪмɰͻȻֹ˫ϥųǽ£һƬ
ˣ֥ҲˣΪδȥƯƴⲢ֧ǣˣ|ҲˣһʦһżĳޣԶȥˡȻ֪Щ⣬뵽ʣԼһڽбķš





     74𣨶 

ıϥ˺ܾãн˾ֱ뷨ȷ̤ŽٵҹĻǡ
صң׵ķУڿŸ¥ƹ˲˵ĶԿֵģճɼ˰ЩĿ
ĽӹĿΪƷֲͬǮʮǮȣܹǧӣһٶ˿ͣʮӣ趨1=1000=500Ԫң2Ǯ=һԪңӪҵΪ7500ҡǰģһСһµĹǮ1ӣٿ飻һ̱׻20Ǯ10顣
ɼȷֻҪ׺úôǺ͸¥ҵ̣϶Ϻӡʹĸ˵Լľ˵ȥҸ硣
ԭĵıʱסˣһΣĻؾĵ飺УһңȥôԶʲôѾˣŮҲߣ
ҹڴշת࣬ǣֹס
ߡ֥|ȥˣ뵽һھۣһ̸ЦԷȴڽСǣо;üȡҪǣ|ȥѰΣյ£ôҲĲ¡Ȼ֪Լʹҵ|ҲﲻʲôæǾԼøǵĽŲһϾ
˳ıҲǺõѽţͷ´Ӵ׳һСӣƽմһЩ˵ЩӸ¥׬ġ
ӣʰ·ʰҳߵҡ룬ǰһţſڣõҹʱ֡
ĴŰŵĳ˷ţ¥ﾲĵģõô󵨸ҳߣ¥ﵽһ¥ȫûκ谭Ҫŵʱ򣬿ĺȻۻһ¥ĳһϸĲ˵ڽڲİŮӹһ˳ԶţܲʲôҲ
վڿһ˵ĴϣĻͷǵ¥ս˼ϵİҧҧ촽ȻתѸʧںҹ֮С֪Ľһ˷΢΢̾ϢĽŲϢĸȥ
ҹ˽ǣ߳Ӹ۵ķȥϴ|ȥǵ·ߣҪ뾡Ͼˮ·ģʱļ
Ӱҹߵߵһ̵ĵطǰǽʮһӸۣеĺܶⶼǴۿڽ¥ˮҲﹺԺӸ۵ĹģȻ󣬵Ǹ֣ر峿ʱ
˻ĴһҪȥǣĸĴȸָ·ּһˣ㵣ǵ˵һ˳Զ𣿲ȥǣ½·ȻһЩǱȫš
Ĳ̣Ӵƽֿ죬ֲǺô᲻ȫأ
ǴҡҡͷС̫ˣôһ˳Զŵأ
ۿڵķ˿ѹ˵ܴ˳ں²żõһŮˣһСһ˸Щ˴ڴʮ죬׼ͻ£ôҸأ
˵ЩĻţ֪˵ʵϻе㵣ˡ
Ӽ˵屾ø˵ЩģǿҼѾͷĴСһ·Ͷ˸졣Ҫ˵ľЩˣǸѣҪôԼɣһøɻȥһĹˣ
лһᣬ󺺲űˡԭ룬бһ˿ңջǾˮ·
ȥҿʹǰ˺Щͷ֮ĸŵۿҵһȥĻϴѯһ⴬ȻǻҲЩ˿ͣԶֻǬһۿڣȥˡֱȥǵĴõʮ죬ֳ;ʹһҲˡ
Ĳ¼ȥǬٻˣҲ鷳һ㣬Ӱʲô
һһӣıһӽβĴУСдΣиͨСľҲ˵ùȥ
ҸһʱſʲôҪĿȥ򣬵ȿ˴춼῿ҲгԵĺȵģһ˶Բߣ˵û㡣
ĸ㹻ķû´һֱڴϲ¶棬
һᣬˣǵĻ뿪˺Ӹۣ͸СŽԶĺӰһֺػ
ҳ߿ľǵʱǵ嶯ˣȴֻˡȻԼΪȴʼǸĸԼԼδ֪;





    ļ 75ɣ루һ 
===========================
ˮĲĴŴڣˮĵĶУ¹С봬գϡ
˫ַԴڴϿŴҹգҳߵǸӣ֡ú˯ҹߣͻȻ۵ĺܡ
ŸҪ˯ţȻۿĴ˵ĻǷ´յľƵźţ󽫰ڻȡϸ˵ѹͷ档˷ų˯ȥ
һӰӿǽվڿĵ⣬ӵĵЦЦرûоԣǷԾϴŽ˯
˪׵ѩ׵ķĪһעܵĶһæ顣
Ĺ뵽ҹصɽ®ϯϺŵ裬ٲȻһ˵ӡ
ĪȴĪޱط˯ȡϵǰʵٻؾôڽ
ֻۣ˵ЩѶȣʧ֣
ĪЦһ˵ʦܲСҲ첻ףѾ꣬ҹ׼Сޱؾǡ
ꣿ֪μҵĴүƺ©ˡ
Īһû뵽Լ֪ôһСӶѣף
òν˵֪ĻҲνڹٸѾȥ׷ɱ»©ţͲˡСӸ󣬼һ
Ī˵ͷʣһʹСޱˣҪҪһߣ
ûлػǳĬ˺ܾãĪҪͷʱͻȻ˵˴֮Ӧû£ҴСޱȻؾһæ
ʦŵȼɭϣʦֵ֮䣬ʦ˵ĻʦҲȻĪЩ⣬Ȼʵʲô£
˵ҶǾģһûʲôٶؾȥǣǸ˭һ㰵Ͼ
ĪĻЦˣʦĪǶ˸飿ȻҪȥһûʲôҪѾͷ
ûи˵΢΢̧ԷںĪޱʰʦߡ
Īޱҹ·򾩳ǸȥĪװɽ͵͵Ǳߡ¹۲ϾһʱͻȻģĪܲףʦֵʱôԤ֪
һС춯Īע⣬ͷȥԼԿ˸ܳİЦһĵȻǺڴǮƲ㣬ɱȵǬҲǳͷ
İȻڴס˼죬ȥˮȡˮ϶ţȴԽԽΧ˿ܹ֣رǴϵЩͶĺܿƶһ
ҡҡͷԵˮ߽ˮȡˮҪʱͻȻ˽վĵطǸһ壬ֻߺˮ˵ǸСŮôôֵǶȥ޻أ
һ˵֪ʱϰ忴һСˮģſǮ̵ˮ˭֪ȥֵȫʧ٣ϰͷ۵ҪҲָֻɨ´
ڸĵľǵĻԽԽ˵Լһ룬Ҳ״ϵΪʲôԼˡֻ֪Щôʧ٣ϲûио˴Լѽ˵ˣ죡
ȵ˺ˮ뿪ˮĲʵĻصա˼˰Ҳ֪Եɣ룬ô£Լܰȫ˴һо͹ȥˡ
˵ڶ磬Ǭǡɣ롣
ɣǵģǬȫ󶼵˿ʢأȫ˿񼸺ǴǬͳȥģɣǸǬóسǡ
´УֻɣǱɣҼһϣ˿ׯǽǣģ֮ǰŵĿɿڴ





    ļ 76ɣ루 

ڴϴ죬ͷľҸطúóһ٣οһӪʮѸٵڸۿڴһȥǵĴҸһֻ࣬ɣЪһ
ɣǽϺ̵֣ˣʱʱд˿߹ĻӡֵĵطߣߵһֿʱһҴջջչǰǳ
һԼϴӣĥ˯һڳһٴͣǸģ̧˽ȥ
òͻסСţҪò͹ҪһȡСĸսʱӭͷ˳һ仰
ҪòҲҪסڶĺܣӡľͽСεĶһۣСЦ˵ȸСȥ¥ס£Ȱ¥ӦþпԳԷˡ
ĵͷҪ˼ͨĵ˷ǵСס¥³ԷĿ˻ǲ٣ûпǵСǵ˵⣬ͱĿ˹һ΢һ£
ƽЩܿЩԵɿڷ˲ҪСޣ˼Щ˶ԸƴòҵһԸģС߹ȥ
ٴһԣһͷ׷˱£ڳԼķˡߵԱߣл˵лϲԸͬͣ
׷תͷĪ㣬ӳĵУƵһĺǰǸ׷ӣϽεĵǸ˵λԲҸոû
Īбؿһۣûͬ˵תͷȥ⡣ʮ־ȣΪǸĵϲû뵽Ǹ˵ˡĪԵġдšҡ֣ȻûȤȥǸϽСµ±⡣
Īķ˶ˣϵļüͷɣǵĲʳζ̻ʵĳϵӼëѪȺģʮˬ
Ե;Ī¿Ҫ¡˵ѽĲ˶ûأôͲˣ
ĪصǻشˣҲǼ򵥵˵˾䣺̫θڡ
ļθڲãΪ⼸ڵȿϧɣĲϵʹϵΪʳζƫƫĪЩӦ
Ī׼ʱͻȻһᣬ˱ŷ˳ȥ
غ󾪸㷢ִԼͻȻǺͬǸ׷꣬ҪΪʲôͻȻˣȴȵķַ˶ʼܡ
ܿȥֻոѾһľľ֮ȻһصӣӾȻǱ˴Ӷ¥ģ֪ԼոǱ׷ӾˣȻҪΪ˵ˣ
ЦеĶԡ顱Ƕлˣ
ɿֻѰ־ߡ
һŮӳֽӶ¥£ݺݵĶԵˤӺ۵ĶҵС·ٸһ䣬Ҹͷ
ϤȵѰȥ⡰ݡĺŮӲӢ˭û뵽ȻǬ˲ˣ
Ӣվ¥룬Ҳģ۷Ź⣬һĿеĳŵĺˣԾľͶĪı
ӢýкģŵҶ㣬ĪĵӢĳӢ׷׵ĲԼʮֲˬ߳ȵëÿû£
Īɫ䵽䣬ӢƺǼдһ㣡Ӣе㺦񣬵Ӳźʲô˵ľ㣬ÿë
ӢôѧյģĪжһֽɱĶĻŵĶ㿪ĺѲ֥ҶҪһ
»ţӢѵϾȥ׽֥͸
ʱ¥ϸϽֹӢӣĽջȥö񣡡
˵䣬Ѿߵ˼˵ǰĪȴһ˲ʧ˵ŪĿĺͿĲС





    ļ 77ɣ루 
ļϼãз뵽˼ҵδˣŴ֣Ҳֻе˵Ϲӣʵڲ֪֥ȥ򡭡
ȴֵ˵ҲҲС㣬ֻӢһֱŲ£һʱˡ
ŶȥҲ֥ģ
ǡô
ȥǲμ˾ѡӢҪһұȥ档
Ĳ⣬˾ѡѾߣȥôҲȥǲģ
ƺǿʣ͵̼ǰõǸǿֱӽѡģȴҪμسѡҲ֪ߵһǰ;ĪⰡ
ԭѡκ˶Աμӵģֻͨѡ븴˾ͺˣøݸֱѡǿԽʳ˾ѵֱӲμӸģȴҪ˺ܶࡣ
ʣôһǴȥҪϾĴϣҪҪһиӦ
ĿӢ;÷һߣ˵һ棬ȥǡ
ţӢˣͻȻʵ˵֥ģǲǸһ𣿡
ʵǲˣõΪٶҲ֮ǰӦʲôֱӽͻػ
ӢıվһԣˤϵƵƹҲСĵĿ˵С԰꣬ɱٶŭˣС꾭סѽʧôѽ
ߣ˭۵ĸҵҵ·ⶫҲһģȥ˵ţһŤͳ˵ӣˣˣϽһϣĴҴҸߡ
ĴһľҳԼİԼˣϽ¥طˡȥͷһֻһȥǵĴ뵽ѵĻΪ˱ͬһҴֻٵȼ죬ĴϾˡ
صջɼĪһȲ裬Īһ£߹ȥллλȣȻҿ϶Ҫµҳˡ
Ī㵭ĵͷô𻰣ЩΣһ˵ɣǵʳﶼҿûԶ٣ڿ϶ǶˣΪлҸͷɡ
ĪĶգȻ֪ڳշЩ£һ죬ȷЩɿڵķˣ˵Ƕлˡ
˵ˣлϲȥҿջƹջ⣬ܶϡŹ֣ߺ޵ĿˣԾпҪóǵҲ⣬ƹСȥˣֻ뽻Щʳķѡ
Īоĵţʦֵô꣬ǱĬܵ˺ܶӰ졣Թʳܶ࣬Ҫһ˵ȫķۡ
һЩ⣬Ķһˣ˵ʱӯ˾Ϊ֮ܣ˶Ťͷ
һ㣬һĶټһɱ˿ĲɫȴɢŨζڳÿһ˵θڡ
ĶĪЦ˵һϲθڣ
ĪЩ˵ܾϸ֪˼ģ㱧ȭ˵лĪ㲻òϣ˵ζ֮ǰĲѾԸԼʦˣʵԾ
ĲȻҲ˿ջƹע⣬ҵʵûдɣǾ
˵ŻɣƹЩʲô
ƹ˵˵պܺãҼϰЩ˱ʴ⣬ɲЩ֣֪ûд򹤵Ĵ㣿
Ϊ˵һȥǵĴҪɣǴ죬ŷɿóȥӣɣ㹤ҲȻϵǮ϶֧ŲִﾩǵˡȻӦˡ
ƹ͵Ǳ֪ʮ٣Ҫϯϯ˶ҼϰаҾʹȥϹɡ
ɣ֪ĸۡܺңĴһǡƹĵڶʹȥĹܼæйΪ磬˽ŮҪ˲񡢲ʳ£Щ಻ܹͼ˵СҪǸ統Ĵ֮𡣶ʦɳаϯĵֱѡġ
ʱ﹤Բסȥڻؿջʦ׼ϯҪǰ׼һЩʳֻۣ뵽ʮһҪѬæһ죬е㷢
ڸܼĵȳʦҪעһЩ飬ͼһСŵܽ˵Źܼңүŭȥƣ
Źܼһ㶣үʮˣЩãôͻȻŭһĥСˣүΪ˺Ǽ£
С˵ͷ˵ɲ
Źܼҵ˵ͷСˣһȺ֪Եվڳнɢ
ЩֻѾͷһѽʲôĺܴĽҲ˵ͷԭǰϺϳ˴ӣһҿʹϵȫɱˣѪˮú涼Ⱦˡ˱ϲϲ׼٣ȴԼϽľڷײпɲɱ˰ôܲ
üͷĺ֪ܽΪʲôμҵŲҰڵĴͽô׺ݣ
һСｲüɫ裬˵ɲΪˣΪЩ˵ˣѴȥǵģ˺Щ֮ˣʲôҹӴСģ˺üأǵļ˶ˣҪ˸һ˵˵ܲż𣿡
类׻˵ȥǵĴЩֻһȥǵĴǾӢһңǲ˵Ҳⶾˣ
£ӢԼһҴ뵽ĵľĻţ뵽ϼúܿܲɱˣо;һţ
ȻܲϲӢȴûͻȻǸˣѵҲ
======================= 





     ļ78ͬߣһ 

ɣǵĺ˶˿ҪϳɱҰӵ⣬ʹ̼޷˻һʱ䣬Ӹ۶ڻཫδĻ
ӲӰ̼ҵ⣬֪ҲӰĸոյõϢȡˡȻֻĹǮǰ뿪صջС
صջУ·˶̸󰸺ͺӵ飬ԽԽż֪ȥǡ룬Щ˵ĻﲻܴӺӵߣܸ;ɣӸ֮УŸ·Ϣϣҵһȥǵİ취
ǻ֮УͻȻںӱ߼һϤףվںӱߵ˿ɲǽ˿ׯķϰ𣿷ϰǸʳңίǡ¥˽ôҲϴˡ
ĻŵתҪ㣬뱻ָͻüҵǸŲϰͺⲻ𣿡
εתǺЦϰãû뵽ˡ
ϰʣҲҪȥǲμѡİɣҾ˵ôãֻȥڼǲԵģ
˳ŷϰԼ˼˵ѽ׼ȥǲμѡģϰǣ
ҪϾǺӵ⡣ڻˡϰ˵ҲϾȴ߲˰ɣ
ĵͷʣϰڴôأһֱźӵָͨ𣿡
ϰش˵ⰸһʱǲ鲻ģź˻ָضҪܳʱ䣬Ҵ̶Ӹ½·ȥ츮ȵٳ˴ˣҪҪҵ̶һ𣿡
һߣһ룬ʵŷϰôͦ࣬Իչˡһ·ȫ࣬ҲͲõŻȥԼĸˡѪ֮¼ˣ粢Լȫ
ǾͶлϰˣ
ϰͷԼסĿջȥ˵˴ȮӷʤͿƹݵүռԨҲһͬϾȥǶˣҪʶ
ĿŷϰЦݣ֪ǲǶģܾͼ
˿ջʤռԨһ¥Ȳȷϰ̽Ϣ˼ϰ嶼վǱõĿꡣ
ϰ彫¶ǰ˵ʤ顢ֶλϰǧǶ˵ɡ
΢һЩطʤ龪ȵ˵λǸʱ
ϰͷ˵һϾ·Ҫչѽ
ǡ
ķɣͷϰȻǲرʶôڶǰʱԼδףּԱ߳İһЩռԨ˵ĴʶҪúдд裡
ռԨǿƹݵٵңʦѧղڼУΪ˾ѡҪʼԻؼ׼Ͼȴּ˺öࡣǵԽеľƼӰܴ󣬿ƹҲ⡣
ռԨĵһЩϢʱʮֲ죬ҵһϸߵֻͣϧʱ䲻աˣôŹģ
Ĳ֪еһЩԵʣԶռԨսǲ⣬мԲ
ϰЦ˵ֶαôļһ·ȥǣеʱ䣬ڽһʱ
ʤҲ˵ոȥͷΣǺʱ·
ӵһʱ߲ˣ½·˲츮㡣
֮˷׷ȥ׼ȻһûʲôҪ׼ģֻؿջ˷䣬Ƿϰ̶ʮ೵ĻҪæµһռԨҲʹӣҲҪ
ͷϰõڶһ糽ʱڷϰסĿջϣͻصԼסĿջȥˡ
Īһͷ׷ʮۣһصջ㿴վڶ¥ϵ缸æµĪûʲôһֱûıΪˣû뵽ڣ¥к˵㻹סѽվҪˣأҪ𣿡
Ī㼸첻ģƺȫԼȹģֺĵĸԼһͷЩ飬ֻصʼĮ̬ȣֻ˵˾䣺߾ߣͬ˵ʲô
ƿԣһӻңԹίȴֻܺݺݵĵһĪ㣬طʰȥֹͣţôôƢô죿ˣ





     ļ79ͬߣ 

ڶ쳽ʱδʰװҵϰ壬ʱ׼ϰĶӷʤģĵк˵Ҹ׿ǵҪһͬרһҴȥɡ
Ŀлͷ빫ˡ
ʤڰ˵ҪôҪһȥǣԺദ˾ѣʤͺˡ
ĵЦ£δȷش
ʤ齫ԣȥϰʣһ˴СռԨͷҵͣһ죬ʵڽǴĺдһԸ⣿
ļռԨ԰ִƣеССĲ˵һкηڸ·㣬Ҫôȣ
ռԨͬ⣬˵Ĳˣ˵롭
Ļһ뵽һ˵·Ȼɲ㣬ǱȴսԣǲԸеΪ⣬ÿһһ͵ȡģ˷ӣ
͵ȡģ˷ӣռԨظĵĻȴʣĳĿܺ棬ȷսԡֵͷ˵ǴǣҲõϤǣ
˵Ǻðɡˣ쿪ʼɡ
ȷ󲻾áҲ׼ʽҸӺĹһռԨԼһͷ򾩳Ǹȥ
ĪŰɫĸͷźɫɴʶյظڳӺԶмҪģĪ㿴ֱǴСãһȤˣ
ܿͷҲôɣΪͬеطҸӣǸֵˣ
еһСϣһªĿջͶޣĪ㽫ϵ⣬Ͽջĵ¥
ջªĪȻ˯ĵķ䶥ϣǶõȴ˸ڷϸӵ̸
ֻϰԶӶһ·ʱȻãҪץᡣһҪϲ㡣ûУ
ʤЩί˵Ҳˡһֱڶ׺ãǲ䲻ȵģǿ϶ˡ
ϰ弱е˵ûõĶôʱ䣬ˣﳤƯֺãοڽͷĶϱǼõ£
ʤĻЩ˵֮ǰǻҸŮ˵ãô׷ģ
ӣôôͷĺùﲻ࣬û˵ظֻǼҵˣ̼ҵѾͷˣľֻʣ°ҵС㣬ʱĺ˫ԵأҲָӮֻ˶ΣָȴİҶףͷĺ׼ҡڲһˣμˣڹһˣɲĺʱץǧռԨȣȻÿ
ʤ룬̲סʵʵҸպõĶϱʳ԰ɣ
ϰٺٵЦһ⣬ϲĲǮȴʳȻƷʳһЩɾͣƫƫȢոķˣһöȡպõϱԼҲһ¿ڸ֮
Īڷǵ̸ССıһǣû뵽򵥵Ŀڸһ£ԸӻǻƣӹӣȴЩģϾ֪ĵģȻҲԼƤƭȥʦܵǰγŵ棿
ʳָָһתƬϵһǣһԶеԯ֨һ죬ϵˣ
˺ĵڶҪ·ʱȵķ֪ôͻˣǱֻ
Ҹ˵ƫƫǲģ֮£ռԨĵгԼ³
֣ƴ˵յͷô˼ռȵأ⹫㻹ǳҸһС
ΪյͷҸûеһ紵ɹ꣬ϰ̫ɹġ
ļƴǲ˵ĺܣǹһˡ
ռԨЩ˼˵йŮһ̫ãˣͺá˵ǰȥҸԱȴܺգһۺҲȥ





     ļ80͵ȡ 

ʱ磬˸·ƣ˾Ͳ͵ʱ䣬ӱͣһֱ׼ʳеĳӼ׼ӲˣĺռԨΪȵԼҪԳգԸо͵Ѱʳġ
ռԨ·ϿԶһũׯʹǱȥũׯСȱľǼѼȼݣռԨһֻڸвʵĺҶҶ
ʳĻصϢֵʱĻδҶķʱ䣬ռԨҵ飬ʼɱϴж
ҶļҪϴɾĴǼȥ裬ýΡϾζȡĨˮ֣Ϳ͹ը̳ɰڼӰ˽ǡΡϡζ̳ʺҶãȡװ̼ɡ
ҶмζкҶ㣬ɲɫٺ˱ǣͶ塣ռԨַĺҶյǡôɫҶаļãڸмѣƮݶ˿ˮֱ
ʱˣвһֽбҰˡֳޤڲݡݵȣӪḻ۾ҶнϸߵӪʳöôܶࡣұҲõҩġ򡢽ⶾȹЧʹǿ档ⱼ·˵ٺò˼ʲô˵ʱ뵽
һȡ۱Ҷȥϴˮһ¼ԳˮݼӣظˮгָؽڳСΡ󽫻˽ǴϡϹɳɫгɷĩлζΡ͡ͽȡװʳá
һ˺ü̵ˣеÿ˶һЩЩ˳˺Ͳ࣬Ȼªյز࣬ҪöˡЩѺͻĹʮָлģΪǡ
ҰǼ򵥵ܼ򵥵ĲˣҪÿζȣȻǱȲҶġûнռԨıԿغأһ˵Ļʳ쿴ڹ˷紵ɹȴֻܺȼ򵥵Ĳ࣬Щ̡
ռԨڹеҰˡٿԼǰĺҶĵ⣬вɵľ
Ϳ๤ˣʵҲ
Ĳû뵽ԼЩ˼˵û˵ôãûӣֻҵõЩҰˣֻЩѡ
ռԨ˵ﲻҪǫˣҲñʲôӮ˵ӮԵҴֱ֪ˣպȻҪѧϰ
ڻʱϰѾסζջӳһˣϲ˵ҶǰԹĺҶҪ㣬ֶղţּһЩĴָ޵ܽҰɿڣǶУҷĳи
΢Ц˵ǻǲҪٻ佱ˣЩ˷Щ·
˵ͷ׷׿ʼԷ
עһеĪ˼СѾͷû£Щ˳ԵغûʲôϵҪʲôϣԼԼ˶޹ؽҪء
ţĪ˼Ʈʮǰս֮СʱǸ¿ûκĹ¶Ϊһͷ׷˿ܻʯͷëħȵȶ
Īֻǽıͷӷ϶ÿһ۸ˣ⣬˵Ķܻᱧ϶Լһ죬Ҫÿһ۸ÿһˣ
ս𼲷ɵѰ˼Ա㶼Ǽѵ£οһ¶ȥ֣ȴǴкúޣͷ׷ԸԼΪʲôСӲһΪʲôҪ߶ֱǸ˵ĳ֡
ǸŸͷ׷Ž⣬ͬһ㽵ٵĪǰĪ㿴ϵӣסˣ
º͵Ц˵ԸҸԵĺʹģҵĶӰɣҲκ۸㡣
ĪֻǵԼʱˣô඼ûпޣһΣǸ˵ͳŵǰˣĸԸĹݵݼףպԸΪ׵ţ
ĳŵһڵĳŵ





     ļ81ҹ 

ҹ¶ˮ£մڲݵϾۼɵΡ¶ϣʵ¹յ¶ˮӨ͸
Ĵ¶Ӫ̽һԴӵ˶Ѻ˯ΣֽСʧ
˼·ǴСĿջѾ¶˺üҹܵǣѾüûϴ
Ǻεȵļ尾ӵ˯ǰǻڸĺˮн͵ϴһϴ뽲У˭Ůأ
һ¶һɽ£ĿɽµϪˮ϶ɽϿ϶ˮ̶Ÿɾɽȥſҵһεˮ̶ϴ裡
򲻸ˣϪˮ˺þãһԹľ֮ҵһɽȪˮŻеţҰϴô󵨵ǵһǾòȫ
ϵİοԼ˵ҹôɽп϶û˵ģ˵λΣѸٵϴһӦò˿ģ
ôţıèľˮߡһȥ£ͶǶˮȥˮԲóȻߣšˮ͵ȵλã׽ˮɲȥˡ
ɽȪˮϴϴݾͿʼ£ĴųֱۡһϴɾϰýҪ󹦸ɣͻȻߴһƺߣű˵ص
˭˭ǣ
û˻شĵĶʼˣڲɽУôˣ˸ô죿
ˮﲻϰ˰Ҳû˻ӦزУôȥɼֲסˣС񰶱߿ȥʪڷԴϣҹһһ磬ɲɣˮһ黬ʯϣ͵һƽ⣬žľ浹ˮУ
ȻˮֻôǶڲˮ˵ȴ̶ˮʱϾǺˮԽԽǻšôҲŵ㡣
ʼþʱͻȻֻȦסһקˮ档
ʶץס˵ĸ첲ƴĿˮھúͨʱȻ̧ͷԼǸˡ
Īһͷ׷¹ұǳĵӸǿݡĴһ˲֮ϳĪ㡣ȵ˵㣬־ҡ
ĪˮվˣԼ첲֣Ťͷ̤ˮϰҲ
һʼĪķԼʪ͸ضǶһİվˮѹĪ۶һ£Ƕˣ
æ̤ˮϱȥ·Īžˮ˵ٵˮͻҪˡ
Ľһ٣Сȥ
ڹľҵĴ·ʪ¶һ¡Ī㱳վȪˮߣ֪ĿŻعͷ
ߣΪʲôղǲ͵ϴţո־ԼһΣЩôʵóڣ
ĪŲЩʲôǯ߳ľԣָһ̲ںӰ˵ûôˣ˶֪Щôǳˮ
ϸĳӰȥսˣӰԭǸ赹ˣϵãǷʤ飡
˵ң
Īĺ˵Ҹ˾ɫ֮ͽһô죬Ȼû֡ҽʤΣֻҪˡ
͵ĿĪ㣬ûʷʤ飬ǲʵҲңҸ˺ܶ죿
ĪɫӲ˵©죬ȴֲ⡣׷ʵ˭Ϊʲôң˵ʤǾɫ֮ͽĻ죬أǬͿʼˣԲԣ
Īʱʹδõĸлɣŭ˦߿
Ͼߣǰק˵ɫܣ˵Ϊʲôң
Īʣɫǣ΢΢۾ǳˡһסĵĲӣԼķǳ˵ܵڻȻô֪Ůˣ
ıĴƴȭͷ۵ᶼˡĪ㿴ᣬžԼˣ͵ؽɿ
˳ڵϣŲƴĿԡĪĶһ仰ʧ֮ǰ˵˰չ㣬ĺô
ֱصУһֱûĪ仰˭չԼģת뵽ĪħסĲӣ󱳱ð亹Ҳֲ̫ˣ
ڶճճʱʤѾصӪأֻ϶һ׵˰̣ЩСŪûˡ
´ŷҸӣĪ˵Ļʤö̽ŵ˻ȥֱԶ֪ԼǱˣΪֻˣԱ϶ȴ¶ģ
ռԨеѯŷʤƣʤһԱ˵Լҹʯͷ⵹ˤģ





     ļ82ֵ 

ӭ뱾QQȺ
·ϣ֮պǹ졣
ϰúɸֵŶӣʤ˪һˣԴҡһΡռԨں棬ʤͷϵˣֿһܷʲô
Ƴһλϣۡ̽һ²ϵպۣ۵з߷ߵ뵽Ǹ׷С׺ݣֻһɫǣȻͰԼĲճۼˣ
ţռԨкСĵЩӣл˵ȴ˵ڡ
ļԥ˰죬ʣڳֻҶˣ⹫ʲôֻ˵
ռԨãȴɲ֪οڡ糿ȿʤͷϵˣֿĲϵ˺ۣΪʤҪǿɣԴ飬޹أȥѯʣ
˼ȥֻùĨǵʣ֪ﵽ˲츮ĴأǺͳһ𣿡
˼ͼֿǵĪ˵Ļ˵䲻֪ϰ嵽˲츮㣬ҶȻҪĳ˿ʹϾˡмҪ죬ٵʱˡ
ռԨͷ˵ϰѺͻӦûһһҪ˿ʹϾȻǲܺ˳·ˡҲáһˣٳô죿
ĸлЦл⹫ӹģȻһˣҲûʲôµأϲǮơ˭ҵء
ռԨ˵ͽٲƣɫ˵¶ǣ˵ҺССĽ˼գûطҪѧϰһͬ˴Ͼ·ϼ֣̽̽
û뵽ԼԭΪͷϰһ·ġȻϰ強һһϾռԨҪԼһߣЩ졣
ռԨ¶ɫϽ͵²û˼ò㡣Ƿֿ߱ǡ
û˼ֻе㾪ȡ⹫һϾûʲô㣬ֻ»鷳ˡ
ʲô鷳ģչˣд
ĶռԨƷģϾʤֺŮøʱֲּҪһԺϾӦñȽϰȫ˵ĻһֱĪ㣬ռԨڣٻЩðɡ
Լļƻ˵˲츮Ĵۿ֮󣬷ϰŶӺͻһһϾռԨȴԺ͵Ŀʹߡ
밶ȥϰվڴԿŰϵģк᲻ϱŭڶϣԷʤûϢĶôôס˭ԽΪأڵҵСӵ˱ˣ
ʤί˵˵Ϊǿ𣿡
ϰصĺһ˵ô˵ѵǽȥ͵˹ϴˣ˵վͰֻֽ֣÷ʤڼװϡ׽һôأֱûס
ҵĴ󲿶ˣĺռԨؼʹƥװ·
츮ǵʵ۵ĹϽ֮أǳ뾩ĴֻҲܶ࣬ÿ峿һࡣĺռԨͶ˿ջס£ȴڶһĿʹ·
ĳϴһϴ˯ǰЩӶΪҰ¶ޣƣմϴ˯ˡ
ҹıһٵĽŲѣ͵۾ֻһ㣬˵ļͶˤڵص
´·մãžͱ˴߿һֻ׵ʿ׽
ʲôΪʲô׽ң
ĵãʿ׽ֱۣܳ⣬ջĴУվ˴ӸͷѳˣռԨҲıѺ档
⹫ӣô£ռԨʳڣͱʿһȥ
ռԨƣıֻñ쿴չ
ү˼ջͶ޵Ǽʮˣʵѳʮˣү䡣
˶ǰһʿţһĵĶУ
ʿһ󣬼ʮϰٸʿʼڳÿһͶѵ˶ӣҲŮӣȺϾʹŮӵļкʿܺ񣬶ҲʵֻĵӡźһѣļûСû֨ʿУѾʮֺˡ
ĳűѵյΧƣڴѲҵռԨȥͷʹʱڲпһ׽õˡͽͨ档ĸѵѽ
үѳһӷ
һʿһͨӻѳһ͵ͼİɫǵ֮ʶЩʿȻ׽ѵ
Щ¸İϵûУֻⳡС粨ȥܻط˯ɾʱѲʿѵһ壬͸ĵǿѦ塣
ȥҪҵûϵ컹ң
ʿ˿ͷǰȥ׷ΧʿѹסżʱǰٴδǸ
²ʲôŮƵİƼƱ֧Ԯδ





     ļ83 

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ıŤֱѺǰȥȺһǳɫͷڵбڿĺľУɾ޳ָŹ°ͣŸͦı۾ںڵ۾ɢδ˯һã
ʱһ˲´ģЦ
ô£лţͿүôʶûʾҪԼظȥ
үүҲΪʲôҪ׽ң
վĵĶ˵˾䣺ѦԪ˧ˣôܷŹ
ůĵĲ䲻Ĵ˸
ԭǰѦԪ˧Ůˣ֮Ͻ˵ҲˣǱ͸ҵġ
ĵĽкʿӻʾǰ˴ȥͷջﱻѳױ˵ŪˣѺȥúÿš
˵İҹﱻʿ׽ߣƽһ˲֪ãͣˡϳʱһ۾Ϳͷϵ˶ɢůůٹ⣬̽յĽ̻Ի͡
ıѹŴһСŽĹܼӭǰһʿĵ彻ܼҡܼҵ۽һСĵĽӹʿүкηԸ
ʿػ˵үԷظԴá
ܼЩԾȷϵʵԷ
ʿ϶˵ԣүԷԸġ
ܼҵͷһ֡νΪߴѾǰһ׽סĵһֱ֧ۣ߽Ժųһֱȥ
һ·Сĵؼŵ·Ժ̫ȡɽ۸ӣ֮ϿΧľһԺˣȫֲ嶫һֱߡֱһдšԷֵԲǰͣ¡
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յվʣȻ֪ҲǣΪʲô׽ң
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ӭаŵһġһһĿǽŶȥʣʲô 




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ץסĵһѽ뻳Уһסݵ°ͣϷķʵڻ˵ʲô֪ôסĸ󣬾ʹǱŮˣ
Ҫ֣ȴû˿ãֻһ˶ϣϿŤͷȥϵȭš
Ťĵͷֻ°ͶҪˣվʪ˫ӣĳǾȻˣ
ŵ˫ۣĻȥСֻδѱ׽סһֻ׽סֻ󣬽ֵ˫̶ֹͷϣһסĺףʹĵԴôϸϸƷı˫ͷ˿˫˿ĵǻӵذҧ
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䣬һѳļͷϵ¶İظŵļУֹס˳ΨĵǰҰǰˡ
Σʱ̣һ򶷵⴫üͷһ壬ɿĺŤͷȥϣٵڵϣǲż˿Ѫĵͷȥˣ
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ǽڻϣһ߿һѾĲ촽һ뵽ոǸǣöģ
ڵûãһŽ߿˽ŵһ£ؿڵˡȴϲķˣ
ȾһƬҩ̸˽ֽĸ
ߡɸٸ˫ȴĶġЦ˵û뵽ͷСôˡǱȤԽԽˡ
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ŵؿѵ˻ǲϷŹԼ
İǽϽĶֱĿɪɪЦ֪뵽ʲô
Ȧ뻳УߵߣһƱ㽫ӵϡֽǣĿ
ͻȻЦˣض˵ԣ˯һˣҲġ
ɵϲŻĻڽ˿Ըȥ
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ſҡſңޣ
ꡭҪ˯
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Ľʣ߸ߵĵزԵͦΣ°Ȼһ̳ڵϣĴδֿʽ·ǰǵܣڵĿȹͻȻֻû¶ڡ
ջ·ٱŽˡټ𴲣ЦŴ˽̵ĽĿɿڴĿЩʵүЩʲô˼ҲŮˣҪȥ
ҡͷҲ֪Ҫʲô˼żȥУҵ취뿪˵̧ȥҲֻǽĸ 





     ļ85ףһ 
ţѾߵԷſڣһֱƳĸ٣ûԼͼ㾶ֱ߳Է
Ժļɽ԰ִ۸ӣжתתֱͷѹָٲԹƵĵ·ôҲ߲ȥ
Ķ·ߵһʯϣű׵ĲЬŵѱʯ·㡵۵òˡ·ŷŴ췢飬ֱùûк͵˵ѵסһջҲͲᱻѳѦ壬ȻҲûнЩ£һ㱻첻Ӧصز飬ôźã
ţԽżĸѶ֪ԼүץˣѵҪһ𣿵ȵȡĺȻ뵽ռԨѽôˣ
ռԨǿߵģӦû֪ͨļ˻취İɣ
ǡȨƺܴһƽҪôԿ
뵽ļҪˣʼԼĳ嶯˵ʲôҪ࣬ѱôȥˣ
УǵصϮУƺС·һͷһϤӰԼ
ӰԽԽô
վƴĲᡣǰľԸǰʤѩ˿ɲ
һѾߵĴ鷿ȥʯƳһϤӰͷЦԼǿħˣȻģô͵ǰֻĵزأ

ףֻ󣬻ֻ
̧ͷģ
ġ㣿
Ŀֹסžֻµ˵쵰߶˵һ
޵滨꣬кۣϽ͵ҲҸֻ¼᲻ˡҲǳδ棬ںòطꡣ˵⵨һż㽫ĵ滰˵˳
Ŀ޵ȻĲԹޡǴ˿̼ˣȴʡ
ˡ۾ˡֳġû˵䣬ȰıޡһȴǲϲĻ
Ķ˵ãʡı
ĻһݣٿĴСضƹ£ô²ãʣ㲻ڽô
ıʵϽ˵ҳȥұҪģȴү׽
ǻҪϸ˵ԵһѾĴǵػ˵үүʱˣ㻹ǿȥɡ
ɫ˵ţȥүߣԺ˵
ĸ˵صͷƺϵܺãӦþо˰ɣ
֮㱵ػصԷźطľǲһ㣬šΪʲôûȥǣأ
İĸеŶ̤һֱƳʱ涼ûдϢ֪ſ˯ˣֱϴһֱĸо
ϵоѣһ۱㿴رŴȻĲӣ
ľĴվһȥϵĳȹĵͷ˵𿿽װ˿װźܺÿ
ĿŴվŵק½ǲѾķˣٻ˽ٸǰ£ˤǰ͸䷹𣿳ʱûһЩأ𣿡
ڵĿͷģż˵ҲԸԣȹüˡ
ŶǷ˲ɿ𣿿ĳӸûˣȻܹʵķˣŻʲôã
żˣԸΪԼǣˣæͣǡ˺ܺóԣǳӲã
ƵʣȻɿΪʲôԣ
ĲشʣʲôΪʲô𣿡
һеģĵȷΪΪʵȻ롣
㲻õˣˡ
һʣ㽫ˣ





     ļ86ף 

ЦˣЦĺܺ㣬ǿֲֻ
ܵɱ
Ľҧ촽ȷţĵĲ޿ܣƽүŮˣмʤ㣿
ԣ˷Ҿ͸㡣
иֳı飬ģֻ֪Ǽ
ѾѸٵĻķˣע£ĽӲŲŽŲߵߣе꣬ʼĵһͷ
ȡϵһƣתɵһԵ˯ϣʵ˵֪ΪʲôҵΪ֪˭ɱμŵֻ֣ҲܰҾȻģĶˡǣֻҵķݡӦĸӦҺΣҪŮˣЩ֪ߵغˣ
һ궼Щòˡż룬ֻ飬үԸﱨ𣬻ɱǿɸô죿
ƺ͸˼Цͷһھƣüջ˵ֻҪԹԵģҲɱ˵òã
˵òã
˵𣿲СǸƽȵĽףߵֻһ·ɲ֪ż
ϵķҲʲһڣһеľƺꡣ˯ʣԱ𣿡
ĳĬصͷžȵ˫ĵؼٵĲӣྻ޳䱦һ㡣֪ǲǾԭ롣ĿȻĵϣȴ͸Լڿһˡ
ҵ֡Ȼ
Ĳԣү
ͻȻһ£͵ɿģ˵ԡԣҸ˵ܶΣҪүҵ֣֡
ıŵкĻʲô˼֪ʲôô
ĿŴ£ͷ˵ţ㻹ôġ񶼲Ϻһҵ𣿡
ŷ޳롣Ǻ
ڴϡ۾þòƺ˯һ㡣ȳĺ
ߣԴŴ׽͸ˣոյǸ----˭Ůѵڸܹˣ
εЦһ£ĵԭĻҲеòĶ
Ĵ֮⣬ͬ˳ҹߡվĴϣ۾һգҲգͭš
Դμ֮ûа뿪ҹ̵ĸ򾩳ʱδﾩǣõ常ְŵϢ
Ϣ˵ѩϼ˪ΪԴ常̽ɱμֵϢû뵽常ԼҲѳ⣡
ٴˣڴ˿ҲףμҽӶֻ⣬Ϊ˸Źμκһˣ
֪ԼóȻǰˣͣסŲ˲츮ȵ黹ں棬ĻӣȻҵĽ֮У
ﱻݵ˵Ϊ˵ȥ常ݺŵеˣ˵Ҫ֣Ϊ󶼳ȥһ
ѲμҵĳǸ򵥵ˣѵиҪôܾ
꣬һ֮Ȼ뵽ȥģû뵽ʱȻһպɫЦ֪ߵ˭𣿡
ü˵Ȼ֪Ǻѣô᲻֪ء
ߣѣƽƵ˵ϾҪΪҵˣȻĺѣкʸҵ
һ仰˵ĪļΪôܣЦıⲻڿЦ
¿֮࣬Ժ㣬û뵽ȴҪƻδ֮Ĺϵ̫ģ߰ɣٿ㣡
뵽ΣٶԱμĻ䣬Цøαү
ֻܶҪһͻƿڣܽȫ
Ĵһֱվҹе˼̧ͷʱһƬʲôܱڵӵĶ˶ߣʧ޿ʧˣˣʲô£
ȻѾ˾ȡؽһţеַҵһ۵ĺСԺߵ˸ѵľš 




     ļ87ˣһ 

¸죬¹걳ӰӰӳڻɫľϣεӰֻ
˼ľţ˺һᣬľŲŻĴ򿪰ߣһλµ̽ͷƵ鶨ĿɳƵʣ˭
˺һ򸽽һᣬѵҴطͳϸ˶˵ַûдģ̽ԵĶ˵һ䣺һơ
ʫ࣬´һᣬؽ͵ıֱͦˣﱧȭ˵ҹʮƣ
һƣҹʮơǵ˽ڵĶԽӰţŶˣ߲ӣ߽ĺԺѸٵĹԺš
֪һ·˭
ﾪȵĿŸͷߣȻװʲôûлǾ״̬һģȫˣ
λҵһʮˡ
ߴﵽһªķ£˵ʮȥˣʱܻȵȰɡ
˵꣬߾һȥˡ
ڷתţû뵽ڲ츮ķþȻͨһĺԺûκر֮ҳߡҲûмκˣѵѾ˲
˵еţҲʮΡһ糿߾ͶһšｫŲһȻǵѵţ˵Ψе˿ϣĺԺȥһʮˣ˻ϸ¡
Ե˵ʶڹٸǸѵ֪ΪζμҵĲҰ˽⣬֪ô͵ߵأ֪£Ϊʲô
̫̫δ֪ʱΪ̽ȦףȻ˵ôô׵ؽź͵ַдиأӵźûҵ˵ˣȴҲûнŻȥСĵ
µѱǼѵΪֻҪܹΪ˱ܽľȳҲͻȥˣ
ӽʱĺԺдһ΢ɧ϶ǵ˳ȥµ˻ˡûһᡣ߱һ˽Ǹʮˡ
˼ü۶ժϵĺڲЦ˵ԭѾˣҺң
Բ۾û뵽ڵ֮мˣ
֮δǼ߽Ĵżѵϲɫ
ռԨ㲻ǳȥʦѧȥô
ռԨ˵˵ǰ뿪Ǽ˵ˣΪ˶Ŀ˵ǳŰʦѧˡ
̾˵û뵽ѾûˣҲûϳ
̸ЦһóʣдŽʮ
ռԨ˵ͷ˵ǵġ˽ӵμұѪϴϢһҵ֪д˼Ϣ󣬱һ·׷㵽
ﲻ׵ʣˡ˵Ǹʲô֯ΪζҼ֮⣿
ռԨʵ㵱һҲ֪ҡͷռԨ˵µҲ㣬ǰµ۵Ϊؾǹ⸴µ۵ľҵ游ǵĳ֮һ常ǵ˵μҵ£ôܲģ
ܣǵ˵ˣôһҲ֪
ռԨ͵ֹ㲻֪ĸҲ֪˼Ϊ˷ֹڳɵλȨֻһλ̳ˣγѡı壬ʲôҲ֪
һʱ£˼һʣμ֮ȻүүͶйϵɣ
ռԨصĵͷ˵Ӧǡڲ飬Ѿ֪˭Ϊˣ
˭
Ｑе֪˭ļ֮¾ȻѪ
ռԨ˵ǵԪ˧Ѧֻһʱûҵȷʵ֤ݣ޷ȷϡ
Ѧ֣б˰أǿˣֻ֮ˣ
ʥ֮˲֪Ѧ񣬵ͺײΪǰɳһ䣬սңȻƷǰʥպգ˱ΪϵλȴûϵȻΪıʿײɵ˻ʵۣΪʥڣ
Ȼδϵλ⼸ʮȫϵһʴӣʹʥڣҲһֱֵƣһо֮
ﶨ˶ռԨΪʲô
ռԨ˵ǾӦʶİɣ
ᵽģһʹͷ˵Ȼϵãкιϵ
ռԨ̾˿˵Ͼ;кʶû뵽ȻѦŮҲγϵͷѦŮǡɳڽô˲ɣֻҰѲ˸ϵ
Ｑæҡͷ˵ܣľƲѦŮֱ޻̸֮
ۼѳѦ壡ѦʲôӦŵİɣ
Ѧ壿塭һȻǰŵ˵֪˭ˡѵѵռԨżʣѵʲô
Ȼϣϵȷֿ壬͸ģѵ˵ɱμҵ֣
ͷԺ񶨵ܡѣƵôѪȵأ
ûûʲôԸȥѣȷʵ֤ݣ 





     ļ88ˣ 

ռԨһֱ񣬾˵Ҳûãģμҵ¾ǵ˵£ǶȻΪμұģ
˼ĵͷռԨ˵֮ʣǱҪҵģѦĹϵѾǱһΣ߲൱ĸֱ൱ѣ
ȭͷܵĸˣռԨֹ˵Ѧһ򲻶̣治֪ΪʲôҪѦˡ
ɫ԰׵˵ǱǿпѺģһҪ취
ռԨĻɫ쳣Ŀﻰеıζа룬ԭĹϵһ㣬ѹƶﲻѦˣ
С
Դƺһ֮Ȼûɧģ˿Ҳ侲Ļᡣ
ﱨ֮ҪЮƻ飬ԹԵĴߣǲܣһءĿ˼ţ룬ܸһ¾ͺˣ
١ĺʵڻ԰м㻹ǵ𣿡
ٵͷĽʣ֪ĸط𣿴ȥ𣿡
ٴ󾪣ֺͷһҡķ١ĲĵʣүҺ͸Ÿòã
ϣؿŸ١ֻܵһͷ˸Ť˰ߵߡָպűеˮдϡˡ֡
ˣ˵Ѿˣŵʵٵͷŭˣû뵽ȻǸԶŵСˣȻΪԼһμұ
ټϵˮջδɣϽĨĨ
ļ˵ģҲġһ£ֶ˵ܰҸү͸𣿡
Ȼͷд˸øȥٴҵӿˣЦ˵쵹ͦѵԼľܱغóԣ١ʱȥԣǱˣʲô
ٹ˳鷿һ˹ĵ˵үոС˸ǽ껴ϸʳĹھĳպǾˡ
ȤŨ˵ŶⱾ£˵ڻھҵġôСѾͷȥˣ
һԵӹ˵ҵСʲôǿүշнա
ػش˵νҪúñֻ֣Ҫĺãǲҵġ
лүӸ˵ػشţǻʳ츮ϰĳɣҲǸʦҲ޹س쵶֡
ĺ͸ٴļС˴ӳǸս˰ںãˡĲδǰţ̩Ȼ߶꣬׼Լķˡ
ֻһ꣬˵˵˵ãôû׼һ𣿡
䵭˵ԴûгԱү˼ҵĳʳ
ܾȣ˼ڸٺ뿪鷿룬ܾҪ³һ򵥵£᲻Ҫ¶Ϊ˺˶ԼĲ룬ȴܾˡ
ѵԼֹš
˵ƮĿڱǣ㣬ĵ˵٣ĳյȷ˵ãҵҪһжóԣ
ĵķԣǿҪٸһ꣬һ
һݣʮϲԣļԵϽ˵ݵĿǼȥŪ˺þòһ̣㲻ȥһûԶأ
ĸ񣬲ʼ£˼ˣã˵Ҫж٣ϲԣó˸׼þǣôСøԡ
ûϽԼﲦ࣬ŽӷŻϡϵĲ˲࣬ܿɿڣһͳˡ
ٷԵļˬ죬ãԲϷŪģһԺҳ
ձ˺ܶ࣬ͨˣˣ
ĳ˷ӱŲ輸ϵĹʡ֮Ķش𣬼ʣΪģԸΪ
ﻹã˵ı뵽ƭԼԽŭաţòƲ˵Ų𣿺óԺúȺס˷̣үҵȼĸܸүȣ
⻰ûоøˣзĻţŮѵΪһ
ĵȤȱȱ
Ȥ׼뿪ĸʱͻȻҽһŶֻһ˲ɫͱ࣬ĺƤѾɪɪ
ôˣ
޷شֻšۡ
׽һоҲȵʱǿʱǺˡ
٣ȥ
ĸнʹֱỨȴһ˿Ц⡣





     ļ89֮ 
 
ܿͱڿĵĴǰܳʱ䣬ҲδĸʹԵɡ
Ϊʹ壬żУıӽһӰصһѸٵıȥٿ֪ǸƵݺʶľһĵ׵ļ䡣
ү
˼أʣĸʹΪΣ
ɫѿĻش˵ϷܣλжϷȴ֪еһֶү
λϴΪβ꣬û뵽һʹȻסһλҽϴ򣬲ɵŭ鲻һֱУԵĺȵõã㾹Ȼ˵鲻
ĵ·Լµıѱ麹͸ˣʪĶϣԽԵó
Ͻ˵үϢŭϷѿֹʹҩϣһһʹϷͻȥҽͬʣҳλкζ
Ŵŭȴ޴ӷйԴԺӶһЩΪ飬Ĵ
ֹʹҩܿͼϸĵظιҩվһԿšĵкת˵òҪʲôСϷ
ʹ˵ү̫ˡ
˿Ӻ亹װģ֮ĵΪһֱ˼ӡûκλӴҩҪ˵лɳˣǱǽͣء
һıת뿪Ҫ򳹵׼ùĲȡ
æµĺܾöûвκ쳣ĳԹĶҲԹ뵽־ìܡҲĲˣСϷжˣ
ĸ󲻷ҹģ΢˫ۣëΪʹšһԿţͻȻ˵һ졣ͿԳȥˡܹ˵Ĳûоʮ־ȣȻĵ˵ͷ˰Σϸʣˡ˰ɣ
˵ġֻҪĸȥĹˮᣬү˵ǣˮɾˮʺϹҵᷨ
ô˵Ĳطˡ
ڶʱıеϢ鷿µУشֻͷĻʲô
ͷϵ飬üͷᲽĸȥѾչظһϣ̵ĲݣܽػĲ԰׵ϵĴĵĸû
ģǲһ׽ȷûˡ
վһԣʵôأ
˵λȾ˲֪ζʹһһҹеԪʢģʱ֮ʱͻȻ٣һδȥˡ
Ĭţλ򶷵˵ү˼¥أȺλﶪϷ򿴣˵زˣүҲ뿪źá
˼ʮ꣬ԽȴԽ֪˵ˣҲźá
Ƶһ仰ϴŵĹ˵ϣæߵ׺ţūū֪
һۺģԸ˵ӣȥɡ
ĵͷʾߺ̧ԷԷеĺõǻˮԺŴˮţֱͨˮһֱĴˮ
ĵ˳ˮˮУˮţڰ֮Уɵ̾˿
ԶȥˮȻ
ռԨңǼٵģⲻģԲԣ
ĺԺУͻȻҡռԨļȫŸոϢ
ռԨε˵ǰеۿıˮȥˡ
һֱҡͷ˵šܡͻȻһתҪȥȴռԨһ׽סռԨæ˵㲻ȥˣǵ˽ŵˮȥѰʬûҵѾˮˡ
һЩռԨ㱣οѾǲɱʵˣˣҲȥĵһŮӣҲ֪ԷʲôŹֻ֣ҪסŮӣ£ȫǱʵڹ죡
ռԨ˵ʲôԺȫĵЦòȫһ⣺ôأ 





     ļ90 

ǡһٵĵľϴڷһ˵죬ȥߵһˮߵߣˮݸոѵġ
ļٵĺţæøĿԼƵؿڡ˼ž˼΢һЩ
ֻǵøڸһҩ󣬵ļѨľ֮޷˹ȥʱ֪Լںδ
ĸۣ㿴ŴǸͷ׷ˣһ£Ц˵ԭˣ
ĪۿģʮֲϧĽһѳеˮģһҩУ˵Ԫˣ͸Ͻҩˡ
ĹԹԵĺҩ裬ʣ㾿˭Ϊʲôεľң
ҽĪ㣬֮⣬㲻Ҫ֪κ¡
Ĳĵʣ㰲үߵӣ
Īɫ˵˵㲻Ҫ֪Щ
ĵͷ˵ǺãҲʵں֪ô֪ݺͲ϶ԿʳжģŶֻϧܺ˲Ǹүȴ˳ôʹĿƣʹˣ
ʼԼļƻʳԵжԽͷ֮ޡڳУ˵ĸȴͻȻˡֹΪһƻ
һСб⵹ˣ£ĳȴжΪķֳЩģеĲ϶жز
ʹɲذռƻʵĸӾˡ
ĪһĵؿģǺܿﱧԹ£ǵʹ໽ɣٻ㲻ˡ
Ĳ׽ϵɫʲôһ˵ôܳǶл͸ˣ
Ī㵭Цһû˵뿪˷䡣
Ϣ죬ʳжȫֱ˺ܴˡòϢ졣ָһЩĪȴͻȻ˵ϢһǾ͸·ˡ
ȵʣ·ȥ
ȥǡ
üͷ֮ǰĿĵǾǣΪΪ֪ڲ츮ֻϳ֪٣ȥôܸĪϾأ
УһҪһѣҵС
ĪûиκѡȨ˵Ҳģֻ֪ͨ㣬һȥǡ
ľȵſ죬ѵһתһ
ɷ˵ڶ컹δı㱻Īɴңһ·С·ߣһֱûп̣֪ĵط
ĪĹһƥ·֮ıԸˡſǻ˵ˣҹͷӶҪɢˣռ˱ˣҲҪˣ·ȥǶУ
˵ռ˱ˡĪɫˣҲĵȷﵽˡһֱڳǰΪ̫ƳȺȴ֫亹
ӣѵúԺĶ˵ϾҪ뿪츮صؽˣ뿪عϽΧԣټֽһˣѵ뱻֣ٱ׽𣿡
룬ֻùԹԵϾҲǸˣ
Īˣǹһ˿Ц⡣
·ϸ·ĽؾԴĪ˵İ˵˵ɡ
ĪܲãҲȥʣ˵ʲô
㲻ΪʲôңҲҪȥ˭˵Щ˵İɡ
˵ģĪ˳˼ʦ֮²׶˵˵ıԼ˽£ķ֣ûʲô˽¿˵
ļ첻˵˵ңͷΪʲôǰ׵ģǰ˵еĵ£һҹͷѵйĵ£ԲŽͷ𣿡
Ī֮Աǵ˵ôΪĶһҹͷ㵱߻ħ𣿡
İ׷ô£
Ī㾲һŻش𣺡ҵİ׷ġ
ģشЩĵϡ
Ī˵Ҳ֪ҵİ׷ӺζҲ֪Լĸĸ˭м俪ʼұͷ׷ǴҲΪԭ˰ɡ
ľȵ˵ǹ¶
Īͷ˵ţǹ¶ʳ˼ңʯͷ׷ңǰ׷ħֱһ졭
һ
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ľĵĻ䣬ڴԽ֮ǰͬǹ¶ͬʦƵľĶĪһ׽УΪЩԴĸܣֻо˲Żס
Ī˵ţ常ûҵİͷǵһҵ￴ˡ
૵˵ǸˣԺúúТǡ
ĪͷǵģТ常ţҲԸ





     弯91¥ 

ǷܸĸǣгǴլСԺУ޴͸¶ŷٺ͡
һƥŷ糾͵һһŮСܽǣϵĪġ
˶ɴңݣ֮մ˳˳ע⡣ʿбìסȥ·ʵģʲô
ĪͳһƣʿһϽÿ·˵ǡ
ĪߣּѸٵʧڴϢ֮СһƫƧĽֵϣֵľͷһɫСţ͸СźΧǽԼԿ԰ڵ¥ǿ쵽ǰʱֻɫСŴڴ򿪣ĪһֱﵽԺڡ
Сվſڣͣ£Ͻǰǣһ˶Ī˵үˣү˺üˡ
ĪԾƣߵĺᱧСԺߣ߶С˵ȥٵѾ߹УдŸүƽ
СӦȥĪ㱧ŰԵ߽һɫľ¥սŵ¥ڵĴϣһС˱һµ˽
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Īͷǻ˵̫á
ߵǰֻһĵɫ˵ǲ̫á
Īһż˵ǿҽѽ
Լ°ϰĺ˵Ǻ¥ˣҲΡ
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Īͷϸģ˼һ˵Сһˣ
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ЦЦ˵ãҾһΣҵ뿴Сﵽкر𡣡
šһĪ˵չ˵ˣѰŪˣ
ôأĪֻ֪ĵľһһʱεΪֻ彿ܲ˸·ļƺء
˵ǲǷ
ĪʵĽľӳ߰΢ŭ˵ֱǺ书Ҳʱѵùû˱ôʱ䣬ǽ⿪ѨҲһùˣ
ĪСվһԱ첻˵Ԫ̫ˣҲļҪڵĵת
ڻ֮б˷Žˮʹ·Ҫˮеһۺ㿴Ůͬһھ޴ˮ
ѽ
ĲڵһȻԷŮӣ̹Ȼѿ
Ůһ˷һֱֹֻۣûˮУˣһ˵˵ء
ʶĻסؿʣ˭
΢һһŮº͵Ц˵£ں¥ڷҩԡ״̫á
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֪¥ʲôطȥ֮ǰΨһǵõıĪˣʣĪأģ
һһЩŮ˵үŹȹҩԡȥܼˡ
ĬĬĵͷǳĪΪүӦĵطɡ
ˮеˮĵˮر߾ķԼһ·ǰۻˣ֮ţǰӾڣսǰʿΪŶ;ϮĻᷢģɲʲô̹¡
֪˶ã˯һСᣬֱŮӽ˵ʱˣˡ
Ӧ߳ˮأһȴ֮˸ɾ߳磬ǰһ¥ݣŷ֣ԭԡڵ¡
¥ݵһһԷ߳¥ݣ㿴ĪıӰ
Īմһ£ѩ׵ĳ̳ڱϣ˵ҫۡ죬תͷϲĿġ
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ŵŮҲһԵͷ
΢΢Щ̽˵һҪ죬ܳʱ˵㲻˵ҪȥѾ˾𣿡
Ī㿴ĵǣһαɣ˵ڻڷܸ飬ٸ·պȥһʱգһ֮ȥﶼá
˭
ұˡ





     弯92 

ں¥Ĺĺ⣬ûɣȥǵĽϹ֣ҲǿԵġֻÿձغȵЩҩͷۡ
ʱ룬ǸĪ㱣Լ˾˭ǳʲôĿģĪκζϢҲ֪ĪݣԼ¥ʡ
歺歷ĺϸģǲ϶˵ÿÿʵһЩؼطһЦ˵պ֪ˡ
պʲôʱ
ʢѹ콥٣ڴǰ̽⣬סһҶƮĽƿҶ¥£һƥͻȻ֣ȥһĨɫӰϣº͵Цš
ָһҶûסƮ£Ҳæվ¥ȥ
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ᣬͷ˵ҡ
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ҡͷȴƲסһּ˵Ĵһ˲ѾˣԭĪչԼˡ
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Ц£˵ûнϺã̫⣬ûϵ䵽УʱķЩۡܿˡ
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ļϽͷ˵ڶܺã㡣ξǹȥǼǵġ
ȸԾʲôʱھͿߡ
ҡҡͷ˵һʱЪ죬һѵ֮һ·
ȻҪ죬ȻǿԼȥǣֻùԹԵİ
˸˵껰ͼµİҩ˽û˵ֻʹ˸ɫľ֪úҩˡϲҩҲɫİԸСֹţôҪȰ
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Щ쿴˰ɫк޵ķֲ˵ֻܺĽ½ǣЩ·ˡ
ģȰϲϧԼˣ˵ҲΪá
ʱĪ˽ϻһÿСŮСŮ§ĪĲӣ᲻ɿӡ
ѽƯСŮ˭ҵĺӣ
ĿɰµĪޱ̲סǰȥĪޱһƫͷĵħצǻĶĪ˵ΪŶСޱģǲǣ

ˣСŮѵĪŮĪ㿴࣬յʮѽ
ĪĪޱı˵ȥ²뿪һʱ䣬ڲǻ𣿡
ĪޱĵĪĻŤŤȥĿӵĪ㣬ͻȻʮֺЦ
ǿЩؾǰɣؼ֮Сޱһ˵ˡĪͷ˵ˣǾؼҡ
Сޱ˵˵Լ̫ˣ
İţǿ˵ġ̡Ӧþǰ˵ҪȵǸѰɡ
ĪһֱǸŮе㲻ڣһ֮Ѹٵƿ
һյ⼸Եĵһˣ³һζȣ˲֪Ǻá
СޱȸԾ˵ǶʦĲҮСޱϲԣϧþúþöûгԵʦķˡ
ĪЩˣͼס˵죺Ȼϲԣھ͸Ͻԣˡ
СޱİˣһҹһͬζĲȣҲ֪Ǹˣ
컹һ





     弯93Ů 

Թں¥Ļ԰ɢ˶δȻ໰;е澭ʱļ
˵һ·սֵܵĳѾǱѰˣһѧۺ˵ıӮΣܻĵȥ̱˵ĳռ϶ᷢĲͬġ
ĴĵΪеˣǱһΪͲ֥ĽŬܵİɣ˵·ʤ顱仰ڳͬãȻôôʦķѧء
Щʡ˵һ·ôȤıΪʲôҾһЩù£Ҷδգ˺ܶ࣬˵ʶ϶Ҫһˣ
ЦŰο²£ȥ˾ǣɫıĺܣҪҪѧ⣬Ŀƾǹʳ˾ѡҲҪʽʼˣʱظһã㻹³˼ʶ𣿡
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ҹĻĺϣֻеǹ⣬ҹ紵ȻЩ⡣ܹһ£̾˵û뵽ôء
ͷ˵ȥʱɡѵľǰǰ˺ǵȴŻڡ
ͻȻ˵˵ĻĺòԾоľɵѸתΪЦ˵ҹЩݰɡ
ĸյͷӦͼԶһСˣ˵үСˣүȥ
һϲ˵ôˣĥղܵ
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첽룬ʵʦáӲãαظϵôǶȼʲôУ
ԭŮӾĪޱ߶Ǹ̡ʱĪ㸸ŮҲУĪޱҪȡĪֹ˵۵ǵĻŮӵƺǼõġ
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һ죬˵Һܶࡣ
Ҳò˼Ͻ˵ҵľ͸ˣʲô¡
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ЩֻǼ룬ȲҲȥϾЩʲôûϵֻǸ°գ֪Ķ˷á
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     弯94ž 

вͬ󶼲û֮еķ֣Ȼ˵ǲ֣ڷ֮⣬ĸܵһºϽ
ʮǰʱʷǺݣʥںѦǰƵǰսھΧǽ˰߲ӡǣɫΰ¥ϣϡԿսӰӡ
ͷĴˣʲôô񣿡
෢۾˵һؼôߵĳ¥ôĳǽԽˡ
Զĳǽ˵ǶǣȻҪ޽ιһЩ
ĵͷʵ˾ҪؽİɣҸأȥ
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ŴֵӣչһխСУСһ˲䣬ľͿǰߺͲ֥
δͣȣı㺰š硱ǰһѽסæ˵㣬ġģ
ɫسߵɫԵúй⡣֥ҲЦ󣬿ӹزž㲻֪ж㣬Ͳ̽ھ϶ǰҲûҺ͵
߰ӵģͷ˵ôܲ㣬˵ҳˡǶĵĲˣڼ㰲Ȼķˡ
ô֪ҳһ£;ȵķֻиվ߱
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˵䣬Ѿ߽мݣļһˣ˵ıֱţ´ζȿãиӿҸ
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ȻʾԽһЩҪųȥЩ˵ĳȱ֣߱µ˽ȥΪ˷ǳл
˵ֺܶ࣬ҹȥ֮ҲûʲôæģǸĸѧ˲ٶǲԻ
ĺ֮ܺǰ˵һЩ£ߣ磬˵·кܶľǲߵͷһ·˲ٵμѡˣͬˣｻ̸֮½ʵ˺ܶѣвˣյļɺرڶڸҿջסպʱ䣬Ҵȥݷǣ
ͷԵϲޱȣƷζ뵽˵ĹȻ٣ĳѾͬնˣ򵥵ļҳٲȻƴ˵ĸо
ٶζٸĿǰ





     弯95Ϧʳᣨһ 

ù֥ͣȥʰ̡֮ǰ֥Ѿˣֻ轫һ¡
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뵽ǰıص̾˿µĺöӣԼ͸ʮﰡǰûùǱǸջϰˣ
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֥æ˵Уֵطȥãôȥأ
žòԣΪʲôĵطԼȥã
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˵䡣Ѿˣ֥æʰװ׼Ϲڽˡһ١ǲ֥ȴûôˣ¥벻üٵء˰ͱȥ
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İƣ˵Ĳ˼޴ӽ͡һ룬̾˿ʲôˣһԸҪģʹҳߣֺῼ
ڵڶհߴӽͬһĻĸϽ׼õķ˶˳˵Ҳ˵Ҫ֪ҪҾͶ׼ˡ
߽˵Щ˾͹ˣֻǹôϰ߲ϰߡ
Ц˵ɩɩһʲôϰߵģֻƽûʲô£ֻܺİһȥй䣬Щľˡ
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ۣľϲ˵ѡʮʦϳԣǺң
ȻһЦ˵ʵǳһͽȥġ
Ҳסˣһͽ𰡣ȥμŽɵ
磬ҲȥμӰɣ˶ǰʮˣʳˣ
ȻģҲҡͷ˵һжȻҪϯְû취μӣİȥɡ
İ֮̽ãĵµͷҲ˲óԣҪİȥ׸μӡ
˵ôļ׸Ѿûˣ㲻ȥҲ١
ЦЦԼҲ̫żĸٸϻϰأ





     弯96Ϧʳᣨ 

ϯ䣬ߡġİΧĲ̫˼˵ʱ䳤û³˲٣ڿ϶ǱȲϸˡ
¿˵Ĳ˵ȷǰһˣ޹ء
ֱֱĿģֱĵסĲڵ˵˵ʲôأԲ˰ɣˡ
һͷʳ֪ζǵʱͻȻ˵İɣһҵġ
һʲôҲǽ뿴ô
ߴӺĵļ˵İʱѾμҵˣڻûеǣҲܵģżҲûãȰһûµġ
ĵͷתһصʰϵĲиʣĲкܴı仯𣿡
˵κ¶Ҫģ˼δڳϣȻַû˲˵ζ֮𡣲˵ľĶ֣ýǡ֣صĵͷСʱѧʱ常Ҳ˵е
硣Լ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ǽһλǰָҵģҸѧ˲ٶ
λǰ𣿡
Һټ֣ÿһ«ƺڳһǺȾơǽÿһ˶ʮ𾴡ұҲûһ硣ͻȻߵԱָ˵ɵСӣùûõģ˲Ҫڶ֡ڶԣҪҪģҪÿһͶĸ顣
شˡͣһͣʵģ˵е𣿡
Ļϲ˵磬϶ˣһҪָһЩ
Ҳͷ˵ҲԽԽǰˡ
ڶһ磬ĺİľȥ׸ǼǱǻʱվſڡ
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ĵͷü˵Ȼȥɣȥ㣬㲻Ҫٵˡ
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     弯97Ϧʳᣨ 

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     弯98Ϧʳᣨģ 

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     弯99Ϧʳᣨ壩 

ҴҺͶĸߴȻµĻؼң˼ȥվҪȥһŰġ
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ĺĪղ˵ġҲĸոջǸˡפصүûϴ٣ǲ˽뾩ģ͵͵˽뾩ǳ͵Իջͨĵֻٵ͵Ҳûӹļӡ
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     弯100Ϧʳᣨ 

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İĵȥԺʲôҲûУ֪ڿʲôҲֻҡͷ˵Լۻˡ
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￴Ĵ۾һжסץסԼ֣뻳нţ˵ҵ⣬֪İɣΪ㣬һúõġ
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     弯101Ϧʳᣨߣ 

ڽϣЩ㱣ת׸·ڲ֪ĺһײһæǸֻҲ˵ߵ̫æ˹¡
˶ǽˣǸÿǰУû뵽ķͬȴͬһ򣬾׸
΢ЦյƷ˾ţ
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ҡͷ˵Ҳûвμӣȴ˵˹յıֳ֣ۿġ
Ķ΢Цͷ㲻˵йŹ֣룺ʹ˵Լô֪˿˵˾أûиԼ֣֮ǰ֪
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ܹʮ磬ڽ뾩׸ԺеʱͿˣע⵽ߵӡ߹ȥ˵ɣôˣ
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ܹһ˿ʧһ˵ʵȷҪЩûд㱨μӳ
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һᣬȻڣԲԲԲôһŴԲӺˡ
ŴԲǵϲϯزٵĲˣ顢ӡڸСȵϯϣǻĩβˣҲΪá
ѡ⡢źܲۡŴףֽĿʼ
ܹƷıֺڴʳ˾ĸˣһ֪Ҫʲôȴ¶ʧ֮ɫŴԲͨĲˣȻԢܺãڲܹδˡ
ղͬĽĶǳʱ޽ʱŴҴһ衣һðһǻڵĳļʱ쵽ϽȡõԲӣոκõĹ͵ζ֭Բϡ
ܹմ˿˳γζʱ˶ѾˡŴԲӣ̾˿ʹԲӿžӨ͸֭ɫҲ˱Ƕվֻһͨϯ洦ɼŴԲӣٺôܸϵȵļأ
ǵܹԲӣһҧȥʱʱסˣֻŴԲ
Ũ㻬֭ԲӵĲܹ°ͶǣȴںЩΪѾˣô֭ôģ





     弯102Ϧʳᣨˣ 

ܹ˰ΣӦϽԲһڳԵͳ°ϵ֭
׽˺ܾãȰԲӳ꣬пۼʼʶףȴһؼ֭ԲӡڶȻ˶һȰģΰס֭㾿ģ
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صңѾǰרĵĺϢΪףĺͶĿԲμӼ磬İȥ̳ƣߺͲ֥һһˣٽһĿġ
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Ŷôף߲ʣʥ翪ţŮΪٵĶУĽʳ˾˵ܳΪһһ
Ľ͵˵ȻǹеƶȶŮȴáܹʳ˾պŷΪָտɴ顣Ůӽʳ˾ȴҪ䵽£ֻλʳŮŮûʲôĻڹаװ˷ѹͲŻڹչֽšοҳ˵Ů֮ɱ˲ѪģﵥЩõУôã
˶ȳ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪߸Ͻͷ˵˽ĲȻ֪顣





     弯103ִԲһ 

׼绹죬ûʲôҪ׼ģ㿪ʼĥԺ󿪸С顣
һʱ֪ʲôĵӺãİӣ˵ǿꡢ̡̡ʳ
İеĶ˼˵ǵĵ涼ңʹһҲⲻõĵӡǾʳ̫࣬ҾÿСĵ̵̻ǿС
ĵͷ˵ǼʹҪҲֻܴСĻƷɫҲ׬Ǯ
˽һ¾˵ĿζʳϰߣԼ飬˵û£Ͻȥɡ
İͷһžͳȥˡ
ھǵļתţʳ;Ȼܶ࣬ⶼϲʳҲкܶࡣҿѾԼɫ롰ͻ𡱣Щѣĵĵȴ࣬͸ᶨ뷨
߿һ͹ȥˣ˵˺ü֣ûпõĵ棬ôźã
İʱΪߣ߹ܶط˵һǷֵĵط϶Ҳ档ǲһߣǱǾסҲ俿ǰֵķӡһҲǿԵá
ĵͷͬ⣬ھסҲǺܺõѡûҪȥЩֵĵطպϡ
򶫳ţ·;һŴԺšңĸٵĸۡǵٵҲδע⡣İ˴ǰؽ˹ȥ
ĲŴ򿪣һŮ߳мŵһһŮֱɺ֮ǰŮӡ
ۼ⣬ȿ˼սǵģûпû˵ɣҪϣվͻز츮ھǴȥ˶Ŀ
ǣүɣֻܷġ
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ʲôֻ˵˵˱Ҳ㡣
ɵ˵С˿ˡ
󾪡ϵһ˵һ䣺˶ô
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˵ͷ뷨ǳ˼ŶŮ˵ɣȰҶţͷ飬Ȼʰƭ
ɣĵͷһĿ뿪󣬶ֻصСɣɣ㿪ʼ˵ү𣿡
˵ҿʼֻСûʲôҪȻ޹أڲ͵ʳ˾ˣͱү֪ˣүȻôϲ֪ȴһ£˵˰ġ
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˵ֱʻ˷¥ǰֱط䣬ڹǰףȴࡣˣֻ񣬲
ߵԣСĵİ£§ס˵һжˣһɡ
Գһ˵ˣүĻҪң
Ȼ
ҼȻѾѹһΣͻٱڶΣү£
Ĭһᣬ˵ʱգضܿ˭ֵøˡ׺ų򣬲ֵΪΡ
һЦүֱ̫֮ǴĲվ̫Ӹ淢ȥ
ס°ͣšĿᣬ˵ЦˣЦұٴ󲻾ҲԸ⡣
Ŀִ򿪣˵үǲȥġȻ̫Ӻͽ˳ǵˣİɡӱӵסļЦǸΪǷ㰮ңԲԣһȻΪ㣿ãصɡϴαɽ֮أȴңʱҾ֪Ѿҵˣһֱڵ㡣
һ£ĽҲͲˣֻǺ䵭˵үԼҲ޻˵ѶξүүȴԾִԲղҪڲźá
ĿŮȴϣȴƫƫϲ̬ȣ˵֪ǵ죬Ҫô̹׵ĸңЩķе˲Σյˡ
ķô˵˾䡰Բ𡱣۾̾һ





     弯104ִԲ򣨶 

ﻨС԰һŴֲ£һѴ޼ſ֦߹ȥ˵常ʦѾˡ
ȻպյʥһѦԪ˧δ̧ͷİŪеֲ辰֮ʣҩ㶼͹ȥ𣿡
ش˵֮ǰѾ͹ȥˡ
Ѧͷ˵үӦò
ΪǣЩԥʵ常ȻʦãΪλҪȥأĺܺãһһǶ֪Ѿ㹻ʦôɽм
Ѧ̧Ŀ⣬˵Ĳģɽо꣬Խ⣬ܼȥ
̧ͷײѦǵ뵽ѵҶ常飬ʵ⿪Ľ᣿
ѦֽҪʱעǱϢתҸȥˡ˼ţվطһȥ
֪ϿʵִֵѦĿģһֱ޿ء
ĸУסˡۼһ۾Ϳⲻǰס¹ôֻ֪һִ̿ͣ׷ĸΧסڶϣү˵ĳ˵¹Ҳˣֻǲ֪˿ôֻ˹
֮˶Щῴɫˣү˵ǶȻʣϾүá˭Ѿˡ
дԺлĺɻҶʸ٣˵μҵŹѱȥˣ
ٵͷĵ˵⼸ջһΪãүֽ׽زˣⶼ˵ģҪȻʦôᵽҲǸء˲Уỵ常Ĵ¡
С㡣λүѾ˸˼ʹ˿Ҳһҵõٵǵ˵
̾˵ǾɣⲡеӡΪ常ġҲֻЩˡ˵ţ۽һһ˵Էˡһᣬĸ󣬲ֲ⣬ͽӵڻ˵ĿҶȫȥ㻻һص㣬˵òã
䲻ĻӦȥϰΪ˵ҲԣҵŮ˾͸ҵġ
һʱֻ¥µ˴źĲкɡȴͻȻʵ֮¥סŮˣ
һʮ̹ϵ˵ˡԣҲȻ
˵үҲǷҲɣŮҲǿԵء
˵ȴͻȻЦڳԴ𣿡
Ӻ汧ס޲ýൽ˵١̬һ˿һأٸҲҪץظ
٣
֪𣿵Ҽʹضҩ֮£ҲǸԸġ㵽ҽҩȴҶȥôҲܽܵءЩ꣬ĴѼѦ̫ӵ֤ҲܲһЩ飬Ϊľǰ㻻û뵽үͻȻôľϲ̫ͻȻҪ㣬常ҲϳȻǸվҲԸڻҲù
ĿͻȻ£үǹ˵常Լ̫Ӵ鷳һŰԼ߳㲻ᴦˣ˭Ļģ
Ҳ˵Щ㵽ֹ˵˷áһᣬ뿪ĸ󣬹ܼڸ¥µϡ
ۺеĲкɣԹܼ˵ĸɾһЩҲ̫ˡ
ܼһתүĻϵ¹ү˼ᷢ仯ǵͷȥˡ
֮У׺ͷڣ̫ӳ佫ٸѦһΧм䣬ֻ׺¶ϲɫæһźӣ½ǵİȫԵ
ʣô˴⣬֧ɾȣΪ֮ˣ
ѦڽϷһöӣͻ䣬̫ӸոȻԵӣڷѦԵ
Ѧ񲻽˵̫ĪҪںһʱĵʧͨȫ֣ʱҲϲߡ
׺ҲǴ֮ˣеİָʣͽ͸ĵܣ
Լ⣬үͶϣȴͬԸԼ˼үǸˣȻ֪ȫǣǵĺãٴ̫ʹһٶãֶΪ
׺еҲѦᶨƵ֧ԼȻиĵˣǶôµ飡





     弯105磨һ 

ĺɫĺ֮£һ̳ԺеʯԣĳơռԨ˿ƣҲǷƣͬһ¡
֮˷ǣΪеӦһҹ֮価ɾ˵ʧȥӦ˭μµɱ֣͸ˣ
㲻Ҫٿˣʧٰ֣һˣܻĳġ
һھ˵˾֮ģ밲ף׿ڶ˵֪ҵĳ˭ֶ֮Ըˡݹ͢Ե˱̫ӺѦˣ˿ǵ󣡡
һ٣ͻȻ˵Ҫȥ顣
ռԨ󾪣ʣ̫ӺѦκһҲһܶԸģȥ飿ǾȻ˵˻ΪȫұȻ˵ǻǰǵİţȽҵ˵ɡ
˵Ҳǰ»ʵ۵Ź£ȵŹԻڻʹ֮УȻ֪⴫мֿţҲ֪ǴӺζΪΨһɾȥв鿴ʹҲҲҪŵԴ
ͷȻѼˣȻȥѰҼ˵ĳҲҪҲֻȥ顣ҵļƻǵļƻ޳ͻֻнʳ˾ȥѰҲлӽ̫Ӳ𣿡
ռԨ̾̾˵顣ҿûһǺðأҪСš
һͻȻ˵˵Ķ˳޵ǹġȻȷѦûйϵæո߳Ȼ빬ܺһ̽ȻܶࡣиӦöá
ɫһУҲԲԣ
ԣռԨҲ˵ʲô
һ̳ƣȥΪ빬ٲҪ໨Щ˼ЩҪƾ汾µģ빬ػһжǰ׷ѡ
ʱһζİղܹ֮ǰԸأһͱС׸ǰšġɣռԨҲ̶
˶ĺĴк֮⡣˶վţҲպǹ졣ùеϾ͵ˡһɴ˹ġ
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˶ͷкżСʮ
ĺͶһڶŵһǰ档ڳСʶģŴ磬ɹǸʲôĹ٣ܴ𣿡
Ľ͵ɹ̹ٵһ֣ʹ̴·Ϊȣȼ̹͡٣һĹŮ̫඼ڴУʳ˾ĳʦҲ̹١̹ٸһȵؾɹ٣ˡܹ٣һ˾ֱϡ
ĵͷ˵ԭ
˵ȻˣʲôҲǣ˼磬óαİ¸µʳ˾ѡа
һԶԶľͿΡعǳǽ˷ܵ˵ϾҪѽ治֪ʹʲôأϺǶʲôأܿһͺˡ
ֻЦţһЦһ£ȥɣֻ˵Ϻôܼģ˵ǽȥ⹬ǰˣ֮֬ǻϺ͸λסĺ󹬣ǲȥġ
ĲĿģֻý˵ʹһ֬ȣʹһΪǰǻϴ͢ʡԺ̫Ӷ֬͢ȣǸλסĺ󹬣͢Ϊϸ񣬳˻ϡҲֻзɸĹŮ̫ܽȥһ̹ٲټҲǲܽġ
κģֻ鷳Ҫ˵֬ȣ˵˵ʳ˾󹬵˾֬ȵ£īӽһ˼أ³ɹУңǵһ־
˵꣬ɣȴѵõЦ˳Ȥ˵˼ʫ˵Ǻ󹬼϶ü˼֮飬Ҫô᣿
ıɣһȡЦ͸ˣ˵ɣұ㶼һЦ˵Цţͣ
עһ˼أ³ɹСдĴʣýãĪҪźá





     弯106磨 

˻ʹĹ£Ǿͱ³Сμǵİ֮ŷǽȥ
ţͼһޱߵĹ㳡ĺΰڻԶļСڵ㣬ȫģ
šа㳡ͺü·Ҫߵ󹬵ʳ˾ȥǵ߶ã
ʵ֤ĵĵǲûеģǴ̫һֱߵ̫գȽŶˣŵʳ˾
ɴ߽ʳ˾Ĵţںȫؾءʳ˾׼ţÿ˶æתʮ򡣳æµĳʦǣиŵС̫࣬ϸɤӴߴš
פ㿴Žˣһ˵ˣҪˡ
ͷżͬеļѾԶˣǰ
ɴߵʳ˾ƽУʳ˾˵סûлĹһɫĵסЩ̳
Դ˵ǾסƽĹǰסЪ£îʱ׼ʱʳ˾ĽζϣʱҪʲô¡
˵꣬СǷסŮ֮ĺɣͷ䵥У˵ס֮һ̳ͼô
ķһʯյľ崲ľľľεȻҾߡϵıҲ׼˵ģȻªǾסû⡣Сָ̫˵ˮéλãҪߣԥĽסһ
ӣĵͺ͸ˡû£֮ǰһҪŻƤͨ
СǹµȵˣǮˣʱܹ˵ϵЦҲڲסˡţʣǺ⣿
С˵ڹ⼸գЩ˵ġͷСһЩ
СüЦ˵˵αķѡһ˵ţһ潫뻳С˵ҽСȪ⼸ʲôľܵǰŵҺˡ
Ӱʮһһ쿪ʼĵ˽ŷæµΪ˼硣ʳ˾רɹٺʮ̹ٳϴѡʮˡʮרľ磡
ӣ޷߸ǻʼϷ˿ʼͬģͬʱĵȴʲôҲ岻ϣֻЩϴˡ˵ļ򵥹
һգıˮԱһ죬ϴһˣĩˣᱳʹػصɵҾ֪һûôã
ţķţһǶġһð˿ţݸģ˵ҿûԶ٣ǳʣµһЩ㣬˰ɡ
ĸмؽӹһһƷ⣬ȵġ˵ʣµأʵˣûгʵȥأʵϸԵһضʲôнˮ¥̨ȵ£֪ˣʳ˾Ⱥô
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ļüѽΪһģ׬һһǵһؼô飬ǾͲҪԹˡ
ЦЦǱ뿪
ҹˣĵڷ¿Ҫ˯ͻȻһϵֽʯӴӴ˽ҵĵĶһ
⿪ֽһľļԼȥ
գܸİƵģҲŰİ˶Դ»飬û뵽ڻ
ֽдߵƽǽµĻţվһӰʹ£
ѹʣô뵽ң
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ѽѧˣ
סĵ죬£һϸӰߵǻһûмˣ߻ƽΣŷſĵ죬ü˵ɣڸ𣿡
ͷ˵񡣡
Ϊʲôң֡
Ժעһ㡣
ĵͷԼԶĵͻȻ֮ǰ⣺ѧ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ûУ㲻ùҲһЩٳЩ
ĿĲͻȻûݣȵ˵±˿𣿡
΢΢Щ죬˵ٲĿ㣬ǲǻҵӣ
ļľ̬ЦҲ˵





     弯 107磨 

ӵģ֦ϵȥȵ´ݶӱĽҶŵеů㣬ͻȻ̲סʵĺ죿
˵ŴѽҸϾ;нʵһѣҲμʳᣬչһЩ𿴶Ŵ翴ʵղźˣĲ˱ɫһ͸һ
ԹԵ˵ţȫȻûע⵽˼֡Դ˵Ůбķ߶ʲô£ڹУǶҪСЩ
һͷ룬ڳԴ𣿶Ŵ絽ҷи͵ԵĶУҹϣô˵أ뵽ͻȻ뵽ϴζ˵һμʱԼҪһ𸴣ôûء
еС˼ϣȴͬ˵ҿǸܹƺܿգָεĻὫнʳ˾ǧСģ⹬Ļɲôġ
ʣ˼ǽұ
˵ͷЦ˵ȻҲûôףʹǺýôֲһܹ˵ġ
ȸѣϲո֣Դ
šĻҪ˵ʲôȴԶһԻƶѲҹĹѸٽķŵϣ˵طȥ˿ˡ
˵꣬Լһᵴ֦Χǽصƽ
ļ߻عȥȴǶӹٱŻ˲Զʳ˾¶ʳ˾ѵʲô
Ȼʳ˾ҹС̫ܻƽѾ˯زܹڲܹż˵һʲôܹɫʱз࣬ЬӾʳ˾Ϲȥ
ĲҶ£۾ͻصСǲһᣬƽԺƺжĵ
Ӵ̽ͷȥıŸ첲ѺȥĴΪʲô׽ҡʲôҲûɡƾʲô
Ǻǵģһ־ͽ˹ȥڷ￴ĵľѵҲĸϽҵСȪžʲô¡
СȪɫŵؽһ˵ǧͣ㲻þҪԴģ
˵ԴǵĶģв׷ʵĵСȪֻ˵ʳ˾͹ȥһƷ˹ȥ̫ҽҪһƷǷжʳ˾ʣµһƷѾûˣ֮²֪Ǳȥͷͻ֤ݣȥ˸ʡ
һƷô⣿Ľų˶ĴʣµһƷ⣬ѿ˵һƷûŴĸǸҳˣⲻúõ𣿡
ӴӴҵĹι
СȪһĵϣѹɤ˵С˭²ϽƲϵƫƫ㻹ԼݽȥɣչеĹβǲǶֽţ򣬺󹬵鸴أ˭֪Ϊʲôεѽ
ػСȪѣ˵Ըȥɣ죬֮ͿԳˡ
СȪͷԵض˷ȴôҲģ֪޹ģôװ֪أοΪ˸㣬ŽһƷģôֻԼ
ţ̧ʳ˾ķȥȻȥ˸ǲܹżڼʳҲں
ʳ˾ǰ̽ͷɴ˸ţüʵ㵽ʲô
ҡҲܹ
ܹ˵תͷ˹ɫ̫ãҲ̫õʵʲôӲң
ıһ𣬸ǽˣ˵ˣҪһ˵
ܹۣ߳ߵһǽʣҪ˵ʲô
һ˵Ĵʳ˾һƷҳˣҳ֮һ鶼ûУεһƷ£ܶĴ£
ܹɫĿʣԵһƷ黹˭֪
һ룬û˵СȪ˵ûҸŴ֪
ܹԭ˼˵˭Ҳᣬ˵˭ţٲðҲɴӷץȥûУ
ż˵ǶŴô죿
һƷⲻģҲۼмƽϣᾡġ
ĻǲģܹͿģⲻ㼸˵ڹ£ಢҪܹ鴦ĺͷ⣬ʧСҪġ
ˣĻĸеίҲΪˡ
ܹвʣ飬˵һƷɹҲ׽ȥʳ˾һʱҪҳֲ̫ףҿղ㶥ϰɡֵĺãܹõͷĳλӵĻģ˵㻹л顣
Ļϲ˵һú
ܹŷƭһʱܺùȥ
ĵʱŪǧ֣֮һҲдŸϳһֻһˣ쾡ϡ





     弯 108磨ģ 

Ÿʦ׽Եʣıܹ油λڶһ磬ܹŴʱ򣬸˵ıǷḻʡ
üģ̾һ̾ȰҲȰס˼ĿֵЦЦҲ֪Ǻ⡣
һ籾ֵַԼ£ȥܹȡ˵ĵĵ֮󣬾Ϳʼͷǰ׼Էʱ˱ϸЩ
ûǸСôֶΣҲݵģΪȫλãϧأҿնŵĺϵͦõģȻҲµ֣
һϸ˵֪֪治֪ģе£ɵۣûܹҪ˵ˡ
еϡЩ˲ˣعϽ˳Ųϸ˰졣֪Ǹ׽ĸʦȫ֪Ҷ϶һ͹Լʹֶκ
оί۾ĻصУĵǿЦһЦλϼԷǸոϡôҲԲˡ
ҹĶŷеĵƻûϵе˻Ķⴧʵ벻͸
һߡȴƽеһС·Ͻɣ˸š
ɣؿ˵հҵ·ʲô
ݸհõ֡
ɣ˵Ѿ㻨˼Ҫõؿλռˣ㲻ҥǶ޼¡αĵ£
ɣһ䣬͸һ˵Ҳع˵ʲô˼ĵòܹʶ˷ݺò£ףʲôĵ£
Ц˵˲˵ߵĹŮʲôϵҲ˵ֻǵãڼϸʲôӣָͻȻͻԼôιȥģ
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ɣ߹ɣ˫ֽв֪ͣհô֪ĵϸñҩ֪أСɣڰͲסÿɵķš
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Ҹʲô˿ôǺã
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˵һᴫүֲͣҪҷָմǵүϣ͸鷳ˡ
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Ҫǲˣǧ㣬û㵽ͻȻðһհ֪ǵϸĴ鷳ʲôˣⶨҪúòһ
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ɵܳŵ˵˴βɻ´ΣðȻ£Ầүѵض𣿡
ɣּԻ˵Ȼȥɣ½
ˣһ빬Ȼ£Ҫ˲֪ȴֲ򵥡ڻʺ߰ߣֱ˵͹Ůǲеģᱩ¶ԼݣһŮΪʺĸ̸ףʳ˾Ů٣øṩһᡣ
ɣܽʳ˾ֻطֽţܽɣֵʺĹУԺɣƿػʺʳʲôܣ
һЩǼ裬û뵽ɣ빬һϾ˴鷳
鷿ٻţԹܼҽ˼䣬ĸȥΪȻҪμӵģ֮ǰȥһ¡뵽üղʮֲᡣ
Ҫ˵үμȴľ͸ȥĻΪ᲻Լ˵Ļͷԣ˵Ҳ㣬ȥǻ£ȥһˡ
һٶʣֻ˵˼еĻߺֽʣд¡б䡱ĸֺ󣬽ڸ˳ȥ
ʲô뷨ҽде㡰ԡĸоöණԼעⲻҪ㡣





     弯 109磨壩 

ǰ񳯵һϰף˶ԸԸͥԲŮӸϵܹ϶ˣӵб߻òʥǽڹһա
ӰղµľϰϣΨлʺǰ̳ΰݣ֮ٻعԻһԺȡ
ҹĻ䣬ʳǵųصĿǧ־ŵĻʺӴӻʹʻŮӽڴ˶ӵУð
ӻʳǵ̳һ·ϣ־ΧڻʺΧ³Щʲô⣬Ԫ˧ѦҲԳڻʹ¥֮ϣĿԶȥĳݡ
̳Χȫϣδκο֮ˡ
׵ѦŭɢһǸڻ԰޽֦ũȫģĿĿһ۷ǣת³¥˵ȥϺ̫ӡ
ĴѦ㷲ȻʱȻûµĿܣֻ
칬УֻչŹ֣ļ粢ûаڹУƺ̫Ѱ
Ѧ߽ʱ϶Լ뷨ѦûдٳǴף˵ʲôھ˭ҪΪ
Ŀ֮ѲһȦ͵ر˼ЦһƣŴӽ㱻˼ӵʵˡѦ
䲻֪ΪʲôҪѦɱ֪³Ȼ򡣿ᷢЩʲôֻţܲˮõԼͷϣ
칬ĸݴŽһʱѾغܸߣʺڰȫĴ̳ˡ
ѮػʺʽĴ˽ߵݹӭҡҷӳŽ֮⣬ĵûʺϡ
ײϣʺͬ˵ʺ⶯ˣضܵ϶ӵľˡ
ʺׯЦлϿ佱
λºʽʼӣȴʽǰĲˮʹĸɹĿ۽⣬ϯ󻹷ֺܶϵƷǰƷٻһƷƷտƷһƷˮһƷһյ
ĵľϯȵһ򣬵ĵĺûӰȻģҲŵĲˡ
ʳ˾СҸĻ׼áҪֻǵŴˣԼȡǰ洫صϢµĵķֱ±֡βԼҬյ
ȴ±ζδʳгֹܹͷտĳϵزʱ˼Ǻóʱ䣬վðһԣ
ܹСȪʳ˾Ŵδվܹһ׽סʣλӿɻϲЩģ
СȪϲؿŲֿܹһԽŵز˵˵ϲϲˣʺͼλ˵صĺ겻ͬǴδԹζʺùĵĳӴȥмأ
áãͺãܹʹҶܸˣȻǶһ˵ļνʳ˾Ȼһġ
СȪĴһɺɣԼͬüֻԭͬ
ʱֱʱϢȥʺĸ˼ˣôΪľʺʹͣϣܹȶĳĹûа׷ѡ
ܹ֬ȣͷ󹬡ǿ쵽ʱܹģƺ˼һ˵˻ʺоֹҪСĽҪĵ£ų˸ֻ£𣿡
һϲʣŴѾ𣿲ܹЩңһֱġ
Щ㣬ĸɻ𣿡
ѾȻˣͺá
Ļϲ߽ŲָܹʾһʱԻʺ̵Ůʺ밲ʺǧꡢǧꡢǧǧꡣ
ȻôСѾͷܹ¶Ϊѽ
ʺܺͰϥûմؾѾվˡ״ŵӿʺֻݹҫۣ˵Ķׯ
ʺЦλ˵߽㣬ñ
Ĳۼܹͷǰ˼ʺָŲ輸ϵĵʣ⵱涼𣿡
Ŀһۣû뵽ϯϵĵıʺعˡ
ػʺЩȷŮġ
ʺϲ˵һӵ±ûԹص±±ʲô
ػʺ±غ͵ơ
Ϊ±ʳ˾Ĳף±±ɳ±춹̶±⼸࣬ԶᣬԽݻ˵أȻʺȷϲ
ʲô
Ŀۻش˵Ƕ֣Ҳű
ʺܾȵʣűôô֣
űֱкü£һ˵˵һԶޣйأϱԸΪβʧȥӵɷû٣ŬƳһζѵı׬Ǯӣһ¹ҸɷƳıűˡ
ʺ˼ĸ̾Ȼ˵Ĺ£Тϱʵѵã˱ضҲж֡
ʺ˵סĵ֣ʮĲܹ˵Сѵһ˫֣ĵıϲԺڱˡ
Ĵ󾪵˵Ůʳ˾Ĺˣǲܷˡ
ܹľܾٿʺɫϽ˵ѾͷͨϦʳᾺѡģùǡﲻūȥ빬飬ձźҡ
ʺûϵĻܾԼ̧٣˲ܹĽͺɫԻ˵ʹűּܲ鶼ɡϲĶվҪųԵġ
ǡǡܹæĴӦţȴԾ˵ȴ˵֪ʼҶϵ˻ʺǣ˿ô죿ԵӾЩ塱ĻǼѽ
ԥʱһŮ˽ɫ԰׵ĶԻʺ˵²ˣ̫ӡ̫ӵˣ
ʲôô£̫Σʺ̫󣬿۴ϵĲյЩ̵ġ
ĸϽȥϵˮδסˣΪǸŮ˵ģȻ̿ˣǲδˡ̿֬еģ¾ʱǱ㽫ΧסҺôƽ˵ע⣬Σʱ̣һհĳ̫ӵһ 





     弯 110빬 

һհĳ̫ӵһ
仰˫죬ﰤˣ
ʺ̫£οʵ챣ӣʶ¾ͺá̿ץסûУǺΪ
Ůҡͷʾ֪ļ٣ǻʺڲʾ̫ӵˣòܹ˵ʺʳ˾ǻһƬūҪȸˡ
ʺ뵽ˣ˵ȻʶǸӣʳ˾˴󹦣Իǡ
ĹʲôͲ͵ģŲܹһ·СŻصʳ˾ܹżģЩɣҲδ룬ֻС궯˷ġ
ƽУ̫ӺҽڣС䱻ΧˮйͨĺͲܹ˽ȥʱѪȾĺ촲ŵˡ
ò죬ϢٵĶڷ
ܹûϵ̫ӻƽϽ¹ݵūߵ̫ӵ£̫ӵôֵط
̫լʺ񣬸Ͻܹ˵ܹһܿգôܰ
̫ʺūǵĸūԻúչ̫Ȼعɡ
̫Ӳδ𻰡ֻҽˣ
ҽص£һգķԲ˹ȥһһǴҲȲˡ
ԵõҽϽ˵µһȵˣ¾İɡ
ˣһֶ̫˼䡣ضȥˡȺɢܹҪչռԨݵ鱻˷֣Ҫչܹ״Ӧˡ
վǰǻ뿪ռԨ״ʹ˸ɫȥĲϵݹռԨȴ˼ֻǿ뿪
ǵĺСʵײɺʹ󽫾Ѧ԰ײɵ֧ԴԵúƣӣʣĸ巶йأ
Ѧ̫ȷ˵ݳٲ̽һ
ʵ۵ͷ˵ǾˡĪԩ巶Ҳί˺ʵڲ뿴ֵܻ
ǡ֪
˿Ҳͷ۵̡̫˭ǲҪ˵飬ֻԩĺܣν˲μӼ磬ֻͻȻֵհǺҲڲ˵ûвȴԼһˮľ̫̺հĪĹϵ
Ŵ·ʣ̫ʱǸհΪλԱߣ
ɱ첻ҪŭʱͻȻ˵С˶²⣬հĿơ
һ䣬ǰʣҲΪ
΢ЦүҲΪġ
ߣĿƣƹȻñƣ
˵Ҳѣ˵׽ڣүȥ˸̽һ֪Щ˭ġ
ŭɫ˵ߣڣɱ̫ӵ˾ʿôлڣйȻὫһң
һû뵽һ㣬̽ʣү׼
ЩãȥˡǸҪ취Ȼհ֪ҵˣͲˡ
΢΢Щǡ
ڶգܹѸײڶ֮ٽĵ빬ף˴ȥ·ϲ˵ܹû빬㲻ǿ͹ȥѽ
ܹǰţطİСȪȰʺǿ㼸ĸɲҪˣһǵǷŭ㣬ؼҲҪͷģ
СȪȻߣһ˵ǣˣľͲˣֻɫ˵Ҹ绹ڼҵһȥǰ˵ǽȥģȲңȻҪˡ
ܹʱ˵빬Ȼȥ֪ͨļˣǿ϶˶żͺúõ˲ɲһ˵¡
˽ġѺ͵һ¹ŮУֶܹĶ˼䣬СȪ˻ʳ˾ȥˡ
Ĳˣһףǹ¹Ůûʲôʣ
Ĳ֪òʵشֻǱ첻ǹ¹ŮЦˣ˵ͻϰˡȸ㽲ĹأҽҶùãĴСŮ̫඼ҹܣȻʳ˾ĹŮǷ䵽ʺʳҲҵġʺ˿ʣֻҪʵֵ£鷳ȻŮҲģЩ£йֻ¾˱㣬Ҳƺ󡣡
ƹС٣ȻǹŮǺͲܹƽĵλ֮ǻʺǰĺˣ˭ǴܹܣҲҪ֡
ڹдƴ꣬˹Ķǵ飬ĸյʱͻлĶĲɹıʺ
˼ϸȥĹŮڳƽƽ͸һʹҲԴ
ǣ֪ˡ
˵ӽտʼҪѧ˵ū֪ˣǰﻹң
üͷʲô£ʲôȣˡ 





      111칫 

֮ѳʵֻýܡĵľƣǻʹɲΪ˻ΪԼ룬ֻСĽһһˡ
ֹҲ˵ġӹĺܲΪĹŮûиŮһס̣ͨǵһСҹеĴֻۻҲֻÿͰźûʺʳʲô±㲻ܣҲûڡ
ʺûʲôرҪֻгʳ׽С̫ʳ˾ţ³
죬չеĹƹŻʺյʳףĹŮϻҵ˵ʺﴫ»նҪߺͻʺһţҪڼķβҪϸ׼š
ĵͷӦˣ˾ӵĵһʺ˸ˡ
Ѹٵкʳ׽ŵĹˣԱСпʼ׼ô˵ԼĶϲԣһֵø˵¡
һСææȥ֮ܲȥһԵĲȡ񡣴ʱһʮСŮԶֶŵķš
״ϽǰСŮ˵Сģðˮ̵أôֱȥأ
СŮһһ£תͷۺʣ㲻ϵ˭𣿸ҶҶֶŵġ
ıСһʡҲסˣǰСŮ·صطһӾ뵽òǶɣȻĸС˵
סΪԼͷסʮֵ˵ˣķϣͲƽˡ
һЦǸСС֡
Ƕ㹫ҪҼƽϣһǲǰ̵ҾҪùˡ
㡭ƺûϵĻ̬ȶһʱۺ˵Ǹİɣ
ĵͷЩŤϵµʵĿǷβ
ǹָҪԵķβ
Ҳ˵ָҪԡĶЩ˼͵˵˾䣺ҪҪǸζͬҾĸ
˵ꡣͶСܳ˳ڳ뵽ҳҲˣֻζûá˹Ҫġ
ʱպǴŵʱļȺװ֮㽻ڹŮ͵ǰȥһᣬϻ˵Ҫһʳװȡ
͵Ц⹫Īڳ˾òҪȥԣ
ĶԺϻ˵ͷת湫ģ˾ͲóˣҲԻӣԵĻʱ
ϻ˲ţתͻȥʹȥԺִ˵˵ͲҪˡʺ˼ǽƽʱװһЩȥ
ﻹػƽ⡢ֵСģʰ̳
Ҫ˵ĵصĵȷܲû뵽ǣȻĵˣÿȡһЩȥǶθڡ
ĿЦãֻÿϾͽ׼ġ
һϣãͶ˵㲻ֵһ湫ȥһ˶
̫ӵ޵Ĳ뵽Ϊ̫ӵҲ֪ôˡܿ뵽ȥ˶͵ǰͥҲԴһЩϢҲһ
ԼĪʱӣĳʻǰʺ밲ĳȥ
֪ǲΪԶĶԭ򣬶μķǳҽһ
ڹУйŮ˵ĵĲ뷸ƴǲɣ˵л˵ѵҪһֱſڳԸ˵۶ˣϳ
ˣֻø
Ҫ˵ʲôԶҲΪֻһʮСӣû취ǰԡū澡ԳƣöҲںƽϡ
һ˵ɩθڲãǳԲ¶ĸ˵ΪɩĶССϲԴ˵ʳֵĻɩԲ¡Ҿ룬ĶôϲԣС˵ҲϲԣԾʹȥɩԡ
еĻɩ̫ˣЩ죬̫йһ֮Ե̫Ȼسȣ׿Ҳ󲻹Լ٣û뵽ȢҪˡ
ô̫ǹϵȻܺðɣ
˵ǵȻˣҺĹϵܱȵ𣿻ɩȻһˡ
ĲǺܶ˵Һ̫ӸĸĵŮЩܱȵģ
ԭˡļһСŮΪ˻ɲͬĵȼһʱЩ룬᱾ˣҲֲöˡ





      112Уһ 

ʥײĿǰһŮ֦ҶǺܷʢڵϻλ֮ǰԭ׵Ķӣսѣֱǻ˵ĸӣҲ巡
巺ѷֵͬܣ̫׺ͶɺǻʺճߡĸŮϵΪĸĲֵͬʮԡ
ɺĴ̫ӵ̫Ժ£ϸոճȥֻ̫ҦڹС
ɺֱܽĹ˿ҲȻǸ͡ҦڹϼԶɺɩ쿴Ҹʲôˣ
ҦֻɺѾͷƵƿᣳ˽ĸһģʮ鶯ĹŮ
Щôˤ˿Ǻã
ҦԴ𱸵Ķɺɺýֱľ˵ɩҸ˵ģĶɺóˣҽר̴Եģ
ҦԵĴһģתͷɺ˵л˼ʵǳԲ¶ʡ˰ɡ
ɺһԣż˵ɲУɩ˵ĵĿɺóˣһ첻ԡͲĻţһĶЩزһرģ
Ŷ𣿡ٷɺĺ⣬ֻЩԵСƢ˵Щɡ
ļҦη󣬵Сȴδ͹ԣǸոջвãʣ̫ƽĶضأ
Ҧ˵Ʒֻ塣ĻǿܳһЩ
һ£˵ū֪ˣ͸̫׼ʳȥ
ȥ˶Сһᣬֻ˵ūҪĲûУٲҪȥһʳ˾̫׼
Ҧ첻룬ͷ˵ǾôԶˡ
иˣϽȥˡ
ɺҦɩɩɺɺôáʲôţǲǸýҵʲôѽ
С龫֪ͼ˵ɣֿҶʲôˣɺ۾һϽ˵Ҳʲôöɩɩ϶øҵأǰ̴ľᣬҺòãʵϲЩġ
ҦһЦǻ۽ˡЩ㲻ҪƫƫǰӣƫǰȴֵǮġҴʱʺ͵ģׯĪģ¾ʹһҿɲܸ㡣
ɺ죬˵ɩСһҿĸʲôöٰҪ
Ҳ᲻ø㣬ɲ칬Ůͷʱ򣬳һݣȥׯ޲ˣô㣿
ô˵ɺաҦɺЩģ˵˵Īǰûؾǣ¿ʼˣҪȥׯרŸ㶨һô
ɺȻˣֿʼҪһӡ
ĵ̫Ķ׼һ·Сʳ˾ȥһҪȡһЩԭϣһ̽һϢ
ʳ˾ҵģߣȡһ޸ռţ̣˶ӺתƽøսžСȪ
СȪĳ֣Ͻȥʵ㲻ôˣ
ļ򵥽˵һȡϣ˳£֮Ρհˣ𣿡
СȪհһ˷ܵ˵ʳ˾ǳ˷ͷ㱻ʺ￴ˣհҲ̫Ӵضˣ˵ĻɺˣһõãҽˣǸʹˡ
Ļĸûȥת߱˵ҵˣ̫ÿɲС
ﱻ̫Ӵߣ룬ȻڶһҪ취һ档Խؼӿ˽Ų
ص֮û£ǽţ̷¶ȸߵ¯ܷͣȷͳֺٽУշУȥˮ֡ЩǺȣڿԲ׵ģѹʵΣɺŨɿڵˡ
̻ȥ磬üʱĸšǶòͣ˭Ͼ˱㵽ԷĲ÷̫Ͷһֱڳţ׽Ҫô¡
ɣһĹŮ¿ʼԷոշ̫ŲЪݣΪڵԼĶ̫θڣͶ˵û̫ôණˣ̸ӶƵģ̫һ͹һԣ֪˴ȥˣɵüһˡ
Ĵӳ˼оѹϽ˵ʲô̫ͣϲԾˡ
ѵжĹŮ˵̽ʵʳ˾ͬ˵̫ӵ´һӻضҽڳôãôûأ
ǸŮһ˵˵̫үǸ˰ɣڻڷأ˵ӣôͺáŮ˵̫үԺǴǸģڳ϶Ǽˡ
ԭ
ĺò״̽һϢ΢һЩԾɲģ߳ϣҵסĵطΪλʹ͢˵ȱȽ϶࣬Ը̽ͷ̽ԵתһᣬҲûҵǾסͥԺֻա 




      113У 

˿СĴӴһֳŴһֻؿڣзЦԼ̫ðգ㽫ˡתһ룬ܹõ̫ӵΣڶҲ͵ˡ
ض֮Ѿڴ죬嶼Ӳˣǲҽǿ´
ѾȡͷһףݲݵڼϣƿߵԺСĲϤֻߵСԺſڣµһʯ¡
˼΢Ŀ˼ŽôߡռԨû취һ񣬹ֻһˣ벽ΪӪСأʺµģڹежһǣ
ţıǰΪԼۻһԺǰʵ˿ɲ
ۼתҪߣＲߵԺǰסͷһǾȣȻûϵĽҵˣ
ϵãҲĽԺһ߽ȥʯ¡°볨ţһ۱㿴ǰѪıüͷ嵽һ
״Ͻ·ãôˣ
ɷؿڡ˵ҹ̫Щԡôˣ𣿡
Ȼۣﲻ˵üˣͲˡ
Ĳš˵ͷˣǼܺõأôءӦڴǣ
ҽҩܹãĿˡڷдضˣٲתתҪˡ
˵㣬ŷһЩʣ˵Ҫ̫ӵˣ𣿡
ͷĲʣոǿûѧ䣬ôһ̿ͣǺΣգ
̫ӴǾոǿҲһܱЩ֮ߣðɡ
ᵽﻰе˼Խô̫߸أ
ĵȷҪҲҪ㡭ǧҪɵˡҪúðϧԼѽ
Щ˵˵ôãعȥɡڹеҲҪС
Ѿ˽Ľзˡ֮ȷЩĶҲĺˡ
Ļصɺߵʱ̫Ѿعˣ̫һɺ˵Ż
ֻɺóĹ˵ʹҳȥһΣòáòã
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ûмÿ޵ģɺʹṥ֮׺Ͷʧܣֻε˵ȴӦңȥׯӣȥط棬ǰһҪһع
֪ˣ
ȸԾţɺ̫ӵΪʱûˣҲһ˹
ĥţ֪ׯǸʲôӣҪţ̫ӾȻҲûо֣ѲһǺôͷ
ׯǰ̫ȥز¥Ȳ裬Ŷȥȥǡ
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ׯھǷĽӴϣļ䷿ԵʮɣǰĶǻƷĶЩ󸾡
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󷽵Ц˵λҲѽҽʱ䣬¥ȥˡ
˵ţ˿ǿף˶¥ĸ¥Ҫ϶¥ʱһСŮסȥ·ɺһЦһվŶŮ˵ĪޱҪҹȥǰɣ
ĿĪޱһ£û뵽û뵽ɺʶ
Īޱɺ˵Ҹ߹㣬׼ҵ
ߣ£ƾʲôţϴεһûˣҺòĪӦӣȴŪˣ컹ң
Īޱ¥ݿڣ˵˭˵ǰˣûأҵĶҵĶҰôô
ֻԴˣʶׯˣǿеĪĪޱ----Ī㣡
ִʱһǣСޱڵ󳳴ʲôӣؼȥ
Īޱ죬һĲԸ⣬ǼĪɫǺܺãҶ죬һɺˡ
Īɨģɺ˵Ϊӵ£
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Īֻ˵뵽̸ɡ 





      113 

ׯ¥ĸ¥ĪֹĵطɢźЩߺͽʯ
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ĪӺȥ̵һĽһľзźãһĨϵĽмͰĿۣ
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Ī㿴Ĳ˵ׯУû֣֮°ɡ
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ȻǶ˵ľûвĵֻɺתڳƺĪΪĪ硱ʮֱŤ
ºĪתɺרׯΪӵ£
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Ī΢΢Щڨ⣬ѹ˿ͶĶŪ⻹ͷһأĪޱѾͷȻ˵ˣʱ֪ӶȥˡھǻãȥصطǼһҵǰѶ˽ɽһֱؾǣĪޱŸȥң
ţĪǸ΢Ц˵ҰѹĶŪˣȻһҪ𣿡
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Ī㲻ڵĿ£ɺȻĵͷ֧֧˵ϴεԸĶһ¾С
Īӹ﷭ϴεͼɺǰʣЩط
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ɺĪһӵʽһü˼ǰĦܶأοյذ񳯷ͼǵһٿ⻭ֽ̬ǰϵһģһ͸һѵĪޱŪһѣ
һȷʽɺûʲôȫĪ飬ͷܡ
Ī˵ˣһ͵ȥԵЩʱա
ɺһζĪ˵˵˸ﴫţҵʱȡȡĻĪ㣬־Լ˵ֱ̫ף㲹ЩطϲֱӸ˵ʡ¶ˡ
˵ʱʮŤСŮ̬һ㶮ĪҲ֪ûװͷ˵˼ɡ
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ǵɺ˵ǰǿʱģ˵Ī㲻ú뿪ˡϸϸĺԼյӵӺĪ뿪ǵӣǰƷյǶʱĪôĪޱڽĪޱŪӣȴ֪ôõӡȻȻıҲû취ڶ̶ʱڴӾŪׯƷӸˡ
´μˣţǰӺãؼģôأ֮ǰһš
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ĵĴ־ڵĽӴΪβһƾõ¥Ǿнʱ򣬶¥µĹ㳡УҽҲ
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      115 

֮ǰһӦ114£дǸĲˣڴ˵һ¡ʽΧѡּƷչʾĸ̨ϾС
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ѽԭǻϵɺֵ˵㶼û߹ҡ
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׺꿴ϦѾŲʲԸɺعĺߡڹ㳡ϡ





      116ؼңһ 

׺ɺԶ߲֮𣺡ģǸԸڹǱǿȵģβով͸̫˵Ҳܰ
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˵ʦţʵΪĹ̫ࡣ常ɽֵܼÿ˶һΪʦѧһ־ʦһʼ常ǰŵԣֻȫĽһӣΪͽǧҪ黳
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ߵͷ룬ʱȻûǸ˵ȷ򵥣ֻû뵽Ȼʦأһǳ߰ɣ





      117ؼң 

˵ʦǻĸм֮Ȼµ˵˺ܶ顣
İȶֱ֥һ˽֣ʣʲôĵô֣ϽԲ˰ɣ߳Ա˵⻹ǰڽѰһ̳þƣϡ
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ܣѪˣ
Ӣĵ˵һ׷ָ𣿡





      118ؼң 

Ӣʣˣ׷ָأ޷ֻƾԼԸΪĪ㿪ˡ
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      120Σһ 

ĵ˶ĲԽõĿˣÿҩȵļΪ׼ʱƺÿҩڴʱˡûĸҩСŮǳԳԵһЦ͵͵Ķ˵Ľ㣬ģҲ˵ġ
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Ҧ骺ܾȵʣҲܺǰЩӻʺ˿ð˲Ҳأ
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      122Σ 

ΧܶνֱǺĲˣû뵽лԼԳݵȥλǰǿˣȴʧˡ
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һЩȴƮˣţСӡȻˣߡ
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      123Σģ 

ع·ϣɺﶼһԣϰµġС̫˵̫ŹͻȻʺ̫ӡҽϵ˶ʺ߳ʸʳĹŮģｻ̫ۣ˵ıȥˡ
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ʺѲŵʳҪģҪˡҲҪиְصʺ̫Ӵŭ˵Դûˡ
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      124Σ壩 

ĺ˯ȥһһεıѡڴϣôƲסֱޣĺۡ
æչС̫ҽĿҩʺˣߵԷչ顣
ҩı˴ôҲ²֣Ҳſ
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ˣҵԼġ
üëһᣬҪŭʳָס˵ҪʣģҲǣֻúõģҲܷĵĽԼ飬չ˺Լ֪𣿡
ͷһֵĻҲ˵ֻ̾˿˵ֻ㣬Ҫ£Ǿͻؽǿ½¥׬ܶܶǮܶܶóԵģھǿһǧ
ﶯݵ˵ãҴӦ㣬촦꾩ǵ飬Ǿͻȥ
ˣļ飬Ͻ˵˽ͽһЩ£֮ʣ᲻֪ĳ˭
ͻȻȻǿ˵ã֪ˣһȥݷýġ





      125һ 
ſڴ˵Ϊϵ˲´߶һ֪ﲻÿ춼̽ÿ춼ҩͷԴ̽һ
̫ôˣεС¼ôģʳ˾¼ýӹЩⶼļ֪ģҲˡ
̫ҦΪСƢĺܲΪǰõŮݺԭڶ˭ҲΣＸÿ춼ܷ黹ĸģڴҶĽأֻЩֻõ̫ǰȥ£ԴǱסˡ
ȴģҶ˵еŮ綾ЫڶȾԼĸҪôأ
Ȼǣ¼еŮʺ̫ѹҪ׷飬ȫȻ˻ʺİʾֵı----ŰݣȫûֹǵĶβ൱ס
ʳ˾ѡνĴһϲѶѡˣһ빬ĵͱյΪǵĺ֮һƬۣҰ֮ƺҲ˵Ӱ졣ߣȻܿϧûܹʳ˾ϢȻǸϢʶ˺󹬵רƺͿ£ɲϣҲ
õദĺ˵ĹϵԽǵСһˣ˵緹ĵķϵɫȴЩ֣Ҳãŵؿӣĵ۾Ҷӡ
ķ飺С飬췢ʲôˣôֵֹģ
Ҳ꣬Σȴ˵ʣôˣʲôίˣʲôˣ˵˵Ұ취
Ľ㡭ЩˣĥһỺ˵Һãһֱ㵱ɺý㿴ǡû뵽㾹Ȼ£̫ʧˡ
һ㶣žأʲô£ôʧ
С飬ʲô£˵Ұ㵱ýãԲң
Ҳʲôᣬǽһһ˵Ľ㣬ʮˣ֮дû˴㸴ŮǾԲܵģ˶ǵ찤˰ӣڶҪĻصԼλ£óҲ졣һʼҸûнϣǽڱ˵ˡ˵
ԭΪԼϢǺ£û뵽ɫʵ˵ʲôˣ
̫С죬ĹŮʺ͹ůĽ˵ˣΪʺʮ塣Ƕ֪ǻʺֶӣǿĽԺǻʺֶϱû˸Ḵ£̫˸ķĺһЩЩΪ
Ŀɿڴô͸ǣأӶһΪʣ㾹Ȼ飬ôܱشŪĲ岻أشʲôشǺˣ㲻Ūĸ飬ҡҲ뿴ĽһĵĻŮˣ
еشȻָˣĵӶɵĵ˶˵鲻ҸڹǺѣҲ֪Ϊ˾ңŶԻʺ˵ģҸ֮ûʲôġ
桢𣿡ɫû˶ɣһЩʣҲ˵ϲش磿
ĵ΢΢Щ̣ߵĵͷ˵飬ʵҸڹѾʶ
Ȼ˵ԭʶѹ֡
ﲻ֪ʲô˵飬㲻˰ɣôһ̤أǸ˽Ķǲָܷ˵ġ
¶ظţǸ˽Ķ





      126 

ĺĹϵ֮кܶԷĺܲȻ͹ˣܶÿ˶һ顣ֻתЩԣδ˺õĲ߳ʱɫͱ˽û
˼죬ԼԼ˵ˡˣͳڱϣôأ˵ȥˣֲ
һ˵ţһ潫ϴɾӡĳ߳׼طȥĹ˼ˣˣʲôʱͿԻطϢлʺǲϵ𣿡
ļװûֱ뿪ˡߵɰԺܰԺķֲʱͣһֵʱ䣬ʱƺпգǾȥ˵˵һӵίҪһأ
ķǰҪţһ洫ֵϤ顣
סڷǰȲôᳳܣҲ֪ԼʱŽȥǷʡյ˳ֵݾƮĶС
ڣüϹ飬һĶ˵ش磬ҲǳĵģġûôҲǻŮ
ͷıȥ˵ҽЩʲôԼʲô¡ʵ㵱ÿȴЩʲôǱҥҲˣĵΪˣЩҲûʲôҪһأȴҪ֪ʲô𣿡
鱻ѵĿ˳˵ҡ治ĵģҲ֪Ϊʲô˵Щѹʱ򣬻Ѿ˵ˣЩԡĲ˵ˣ졭顭
ˣҪ˵ˡһ취ԺԶԶģҪƭ׼˺ûУ
麦µ˼֧֧ʣءش硣ôϲϲΪʲôΪʲôֻΪʶ𣿡
ת⣬ֻ鿴һۣ⣬Ͻ˵áãҲٶ໰ˣߡ߾ǡ
Ĳ֪Լôصأֻֽű뵹ˮһ·ɵĺȴζղȲ﷿ֻʱıӰڿ֮ǰôƭһԼԼ˻鲻ᱳﺦģǡվƭԼ
ĶԻ֮УȻȫ˽⾿ʲô£Ǵµ˼Ѿʮײˡ
һᣬƽ͵վ߳ŴȥŪУֱڹĸо̫ˡ
˰ɵءѾ붬ˣżιĺǺ䡣
ۻɰԺʱѾڷˣʹ֪̫֮ͻȻûټб̫ȥˡ
Ƶ߳ɰԺĿĵߣֻһ顣ŹůڵӣͻȻеһ⣬̧ͷһȻѩˡ
ǽĵһѩءͷȻڵգѩһƬһƬСϣȴ˼롣һ˦˦ͷŬԴ߰뷨ߣôʲôأֱʵȽʵʡ
ʵǡѩµͻȻּУתۼѾɶëѩˣлһЩϸ·ѾѩȾʪɲ˽ܿ˿Ҹطһѩ
һᣬžԼ뿪ôԶȻߵ֬ȵ棬ҪѩĻֻȥ֬һˡ
Դܵ֬УȵĲԶһǰͥͺ󹬵ؿҿڳȵǰվűѩ
ĳѩʮֺסʥ˵ֻС˼Ķ쳣䣬ÿ궼¼ѩѩǵҲżз
һű˫֣һ濴ŷ׷׶µĴѩĺܳôԶҪôضءżţһŲһϤӰͨ֬ϵĹؿ
ļ˵Уǰ˵һŷƵ·̫࣬Ǵīɫۣɫ󻹸һС̫࣬СȪ
˴ˣǶһȵı飬ȿʵǿôһվأ
Ŀͷڣͦεһʱû˵Ϊ뵽ЩԣͻȻЩ˼
ЩЦ˵ԭ磬ˡ˵㵱˴ϲ㰡
ͷĿ˿Щ˼Ĵͷֻ·̫˵ͷͣϾ͵ʳ˾ˣذɣѩԽˡ
̫м˵лСͻȥˡ
Щ̫ĳƺ̧ͷֻһЦתͷСȪ˵ʳ˾ȡɡôѩﶨǱѩˡ
СȪǸˡӦһȾͲӰ
ûˣſһЩеʵѻӣĵ𣿡
ĸϽҡͷ˵ûֻڵĻز˶Ҫˣû뵽ת۾ͳˡ³ҵ¡һʣǴӺ󹬻
˵ѽʺţҸոմ
ȣʺҵĹĸ֪İɣ
ĵȻ֪Ҳ˵ʺֶ۰ֻû뵽۰ֵزһֻлӲڹгԷĲѽݣֶӡԭΪϷսΪһȴѾǺܲ˼ˣ׽ȥǹɭϵĺ󹬣ľò˼顣
֪ʲôֻǼСͨ졣ǽԼϵϡıľٶһƴǡ˵ڹǼ鷳£֮ˣ㺮䣬ƴǡ
ֻðĵ֮УŴϴůŤ磬ǲ̫ӵºͶչˣ
ʣչ˵ĺܳλ
֧֧˵ǶչˣֻǸŮ
Ļû˵꣬ѾȻЩǸ˵ظ˺ܶ鷳û˼ҲԣԲ𡣡
ľĸϽҡ˵˵ʲôԲ𰡣֪һƬģֻǡֻǡ˵ЩĻ
Ŷ˶˵Щʲôżֹ⣬Цʡ
ĺԼӡȰʺ˵˳ͻȻѹֻʺò͵ʱض˵ǲСǵĹԸΪء
ԭΪĸֻϧԼûĸף常ĹֵܵĻ£ԻʺŻô˵ڿԭǻ
˵ʵǲ˼ڵǸСȪɡʱĻˣ첻ٶ˵
Ϊ쳹׺ˣҪĻȥϴ磬һʱֻֻԼضſڲŰ
ڵӣȥķ仹кԶ·ͰŰɣҲȱһ·üŻҡ
ʱԱͻȻһЦתͷһ̫Ӵˡ̫׺Ц߹˵Ǻαվ˵ȥϸĲ¡
ĸϽ̫Ҳֵɫ̫Ͳȥ߶ŵˣߵġ
̫ӴȤӣαؼء
̫ӽʲôŵ̫ȥվ̫Ϊ̧ɡϵı鲻֪Ϊ̫仹쳣ĽӲ
ַסԺæѧУҽԺ֮䱼ϸʵû취£ԭ





      127 

ˣѩҹѾʱˡܶأȴûҵ飬һ̫ӵЦÿǽӲ飬ѵûš
ѵһ٣鶼ˣÿ͹һڶתתȥӹɰԺС̾ʮһ֮һ˫ѥ̤ѩǰ
Ҷöˣľϲıһʱı˳ԼҲ쵽Ͻס죬һ˫۾ĵתû·
ס֣˵Ѿˣòָǰӡ
ľȵʣѽô᣿
ָָķ˵˵
˻ص䣬ִӲһС¯һˮĶ͸תȺЩ𱸵˵ѩ˶ãô
ίü죬һֱҲֻǰˡҵ̫ǺҿЦģҸ㻹𣿡
һ£ת˲Цɵϣ
ļЦֻͷתԼֻ˵⼸æˣÿ쵽ҹŻط䣬㡣
ŶԿһЩ־ЩġƺڴΪԵСס
ΪԼССʧ䣬Ͻתʵ˵Ҫָݣô£⼸æľ𣿡
ͷ鶼ġ
ԭԴԡհݲɺ󣬾ɳ˴̽Ϣڹвδ¶ʲôţǵڹȴ©ռԨݱ̶ǣ
֪֮׼ڹдȴĸ----֪ˣֹ֪ضϵǸ˾顣
ʹĶ˵֪˵˵ȥμĳˣȴҪΪ£˵ЦЦ
ľȵ۾ʣѵɱļˣ
ҡͷ˵ǣһӦø˵ܸүүõ˵Ϊ¡ϧүүûԸؽܹ£ѡܡ黹ǰ¶ˣҼҲŻ֮֡ҵ常ᱻ߽ҲȻģΪ´ǻϣִѦ񡣡
ʹر飬ҲܼˣǣĶȨƵĴμƷЩСôȥˣ
ûиǸܡʲôҲû׷ʡһμŵܣǲҪ֪Ϊá
ҵҳ𱳺أϣķŭ£кҪһرμŹ¡ݡãȻ¡
ĵǵʣ»Σ𣿡
ЦӡĴδɣұ㲻İɡ
ɲ˽ޣö˵ֻͷͻȻ˵һ仰һ
˵Ӧһ취㰲ȫͳȥž죬Щ׼ɡ
С΢ţȵĲ֪˵ʲôܳҪ
͵˵ˣֻʣһˡôУ
ͷ˵ҪģԼúõľǰæˡ
˵֪ԼվҪû뵽ô졣һ磬̸̫̽䲻֪ģҪټûаյʱ䣬ͼһº͵ŭ˽ײĹŮϳȥʮȥ
ŮȻģֻһûİӣϳһССͻȻ֣ĵ·ϸ۾˵˾䣺Բ𡣡ܿˡ
֮ıһ·ͨı̧ͻߵСԺĳˡֻ֪£ʺսս飬̫ʴ֮λĵ
ɪɪ֮УıСվڸҽյĴǰ˷ȴûˡʱ䣬ߺͲ֥Ӧæµǣͷȥ
ֻǣƺҲˣϴεļ䣬֥Ӧǰĵطȴȫ˾ɷӣ¥С󡱵Ĵ¥
ѵȥתˣֻǸͲ֥ڹʲô⣿
վڽҵżţͻȻһ§סͷһȻ䣡 





     ߼ 128һ 

㣬㣬㣡
Ŀ䣬ʱȵļҲϲѣţ粻˵ôҼˣ
˲·˵۹⣬·мֱ˵ӽ쿪ʼҲٵŮˣҳˡ
˸ˣæ˵̫ˣҾ˵磬úõʲôЩûҪĿͷ˾ͺã
أôھأ˼ҸѾˣ
¶һɬ̬һЩ˵ǸһҪμ꿪Ĵǿƾ٣Ҫһǣʵ㣬ŴӦġ
Ŷ𣿡һı飬һ͵ЦѣҲ½ء
ûţǸϽת˵ɵվ·мôȥ
Ĵһ£ָʣȥҸ磬ڲԷ
ͷ˵²ôô󲻾翪ľ¥𣿡
ֻԼ°Ͳ߿ĵӣôܣϻسʱǻֻһС꣬ôת۾ͳɾ¥ˣ
Ĺô࣬־ͽȻվĴͿ˴к˲
öһȸ̾ѯʡ֪ĳ֮Ҳ˿ѯ¥ʱǽһ¹̨Դߵ˷ϸ˵
ʵ¥ȫҵģֻǰ˴ѡʲô¶ģǽʳ˾ѡ֮һһʮ˵˳
ͨѡûбѡΪĳʦʵкܶ·ѰľǱ׹ݻĳٵĴѡԼҵظԺﵱӣǱӣѷүˡ
ѷүӡʹϸķأΪԸص񣬾ܾܷأֻھ˸ɢү£һھ֮ϡ
˵¥ѷүӽġҰ¥ÿһУʮ֮ͲٷӸ¥ȫҡɲʮ꣬Ҳֱӽˣ˰
˵ֶֻҺͲ֥֪㲻Ҫ˵ѷүûӣ̵鴫ȥݡ
Ҳû˵ʲôŴݵ֪ġҪҲûʲô֡Ͼ˫ӮǸү˭ҲûԿ˵ռ˺ôġ
ö߶һ֮߸Ͻȥ֥û뵽ǡڳһˣռԨ
˼ʱ˴˶ܾȡԴıӿջߺ˱ϵ˵ռԨǵ˵سԱȻûйϵΪĹϵռԨֶһΡ
磬û뵽㣡ĸ˵˵
ռԨȵʵôͻȻˣ
͵飬Աϳˡ
ռԨһ£ת˲Ц˵û¾ͺáͺá
𱬣æµڲ֪УȻ١ĺ͸տ⣬СڲӣͼϴٳΣ֮²֪ԭǸظĵطԱ뾩ʥĶ顣
һǮһ˵⼸кأö׼Щ
һߵͷһ߷Ͻֲɹ
ʱӵ˯ʵ϶Ҳļһû˯ѵӾ;úЦżˣżһЩ
䵹ûһ߶ϣϲ̵Ķ˵ǲҽյ˭ˣ
̧ͷʣˣ
ص˵ԣҲԡ
ķͷʣ׶Բأ˭ôģ
Ԫţ
죬䲹ʵûнԪӸ˰ɣ
ҡͷȻûڻʳʱԪæǸѣôأֻǲ֪ô
ԱͱǺһǶ件ϲıֲ̫һ㡣
˵سʥԪԪһ𵽾ˣ֮ǰöϵϵϣλ֪ͨھеϢģ˵ھǰǡ˵䲻Խ̾һڹеҲ֪׹ĺòá
Դ˵Ҫָ֮ıûжȥ֪֮죬Ҳδ˵ʲô
뵽Ƕ˾ǣ뽫Ҿۼһһ㰵׼
Сһ죬¥һֱһ䷿ΪԼŵġ
磬ԪʵӰڵУġ䡢ϡ֥ǸһμӹʳģȻûȥǲμӹʳ֮ǰΪμҵĲҰҲϵõģһȺˣһȸԾ
ʱˣ˿־ϲǶղ





     ߼ 129󣨶 

ůż֮УæŸ裬˼𻰡ﱻ䡢Ԫţš
δڼʱÿ˶˱仯ı仯һ¥ʱҾע⵽ﳤ߳׳ˣƵխͦΡȻδ䣬֮ȴһֹȥ˭ҲҰٵڽʶǸʦˡ
ԪŸھӪ׳ʵ࣬ʱȥЦҾ˵СǸĺòϣӣĻͦ
վѣĵĺӵ˼ȭ֮վЦ˵ĽҹСҹû˵ˣǸҵľϲ𣿡
Թµ磬ͷ˵ϲôһỹиϲҪ͸㣡
һϲʲôͱצ˹׽˹ȥ
쵰ߵļҴңִӸţ˰Ͻģ˴ֵӶһȺˡ
԰һ֮ܵǰͻȻļ˵˵㵱˴Сӻĺöˣϲ
ͻȻӺܳ׽סϵֹ֡ŮôһҲ
תҪܣֲʲôˣ֮õŽЩ𣡡
ϻ˵ˣƷҵһףڵĳ͢Ա㶯ֶʲô
һᵹˣһʱЩΣЦŻ˵˽ۻᣬ˵ʲôƷףǻǰô˵ô˵ҪЩ񡣡
˵һ˵ɣҾ˵ô
ĺߵĶ£ҷ׷á֥СˮĶ
߹ĵʲֹ֥ҪҪȥæ
֥˵кǾͺã潻ҺռԨûµġռԨüͷͻȻǲ֪ռԨһ㡣
һᣬ˵Ҫ¥ȥ˶һһķˣǰŸ¥˳ģ˵ռԨģȥ
ļ鲻ˣԻĵͷʹȥڳǰովռԨ㿴ǡһۺԾطͷ飬˳
ںԺУﵱĵռԨ˵Ϊʲôҵؾ¥˵ܶβҪҵǣ˵òģʲôӣ
ռԨĬһ롣˵ǴһʼעƲˣ߽ѷүǾ͸Ѳ˸ϵǲ֣ѵ𣿡
ǻռԨ֮䣬Ϊʲô򵥵£˵ǿУͱĸˣƺû˵ʲô
ĬţռԨ˵飬аţպùڵС飬ʱˡ
˶˼ۣﴫռԨӦһû˵ʲôˡתһȭǽϣŭ
Сĵ߹ȥʵôˣԸ𣿡
ӵؿģ̾˿˵Ұˣ񣬸ҲãҲи׼
ĵδȥѾýˡ
˵ǰ߹㣬ҵүү嶼ǰŵ˵ˡҼҲΪүүһܣǸܡ˵Ц˼˵Ǹ˵ֻ㲻ţԼ˺þòŸš
û˵˵ǸԼ޷ŵܡ
Ѧʺڵ̫֮ǰһӣǸȵ۵ĺӣҲǰΨһѪǵһֱѰҵ
˵ļֱţǻҾܴԣ׵ʵ
ô᣿µһ䣬ȵȾŮôΪʺ
εЦݣ˵˵Ȼڽƺԣ˻δѦС㣬鱻û֪ƫƫѦСһֱĽѾȢ޵ײɣѦΪֹײѦҶǶȻк޵ˣһȥı˼ѦײɳŵֻҪԸȢѦС㣬ôȻðҲײѾõĽɽ
ĻȻѹᱻҵλϸѹлޡıµʱӰˣȴ
Ѧıµʱ˭Ҳû뵽ѦС㾹ȻУһֱǣֻײɻᷴڲȢѦ֪ʱ򣬺Ѿ塢ˣֻаѺڽɽѶʱѦСԸΪײɵޣǸѦΪӡ
ӣһϵռԨ֮ǰ˵ĻȻķʵ˵Ӹòɣ
ûҡ
Ȼӱŵһ





     ߼ 130 
 
־ȵףȻ˵Сʱ常׵ĸңҵĸĸ˭ԵҵҲңǰĻѪʱһҲȡ
Ŀٿüͷһʱ֪˵ʲô￴˵ҸЩҪиףӦԣҲǰи׼
һ˵ĸԻˣʹ֪˾Ļţʹ˽ݣЩʲôϵأǰи׼ȴȻ֪ԼЩʲô
лҪ̸¥ȥˡ߽ļ˵ǹҹģǾͲҪڿǰ̸Щˡ
˵һղһղŹģȻΪѷΪʲôҪߣֶβһѷԪͳΪãΪͨͨôӵùħצ
ĬһͻȻЦһڼӵͳѪĵҲͶ˵Ӫʲôأ
Щż˵֪Ȩ֮ƣ˵ʵĿزΪ˽̫ӵìܶӵ㡣αؼƽЩ
ҼƽϵĶֻһǾҵġȨЩҲɵĶҲǿԼȥҲϲ£ԸΪκĹߡ֪ѾڸعʧԼ㿴𣿡
࣬һ佫ʵԶԣʱֱԼʵҪΪ˱ͶˣĳȴΪİѱΪ˵õ˵ЭòһһεΪЧѾԼĳˡ
һүү֪ҵ֮ûиߵˣûΪʲôҪʱǨϺ常Ѿٹ̣˴ʱ̸֮£ѻʯ뿴Ϊ޹ѡǾ˼֮ľ
Ļһϣ˫ȭ̲סͺȻˣүүҵļΪʲôȻһСѦô᲻ףȴĪѪϴμţ
ʣ¶ر˵Ҳʹ常Ϊ常˵үүķҪŻμңԾ󻼡
Ծ󻼣ô򵥵ĸ֪֡һٶţ
۵󣬶˵֮ѳֹΣ˭Ҳ޷˵˭ûн
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΢ɼĻһΣԳЦֲҲ޷ܳ𣿡
˵¥ŲͻȻ˸յñ飬Ԫ㴳Ժһֻ첲§סһˣֵĶǿջЦĶ˵ܿǣòỹֹ°ɣǹС꣬ʲôҲˣ¥ȥǼüүͷںˣ͵
ʥСмϰףڳʦΪ
Ԫ¥ղŵ᷿ͷֶ˺ܶණ֮ϹүԱšԺ£½籣ƽļ֮ǰŹƷ¯׵ȼƷ
˵ˣ˵ǰֻôҾһֵģת룬硢̽㡢ң㣬ǻ߼˶Ǹү򽻵ģһãΪҵ棬£Ծʱ˼̨ұ˼ɡ
Ȼ˵ãϺԪ˶Ŵ֣ҲҪһݡ
ÿֵһС㣬վߵ㣬β¯ִһȡþƣϣÿ˾ƹ¡
صǰԪϵĲоʵģүʲôѽ㣡
ıī̹⻬ľ̳߹Ц˵ұ˾ǲҵĺþƣ
Ԫؽɴ־Ҫ̳ӣֿ커ס̳˵ȿ˵ˣƾĺܣÿ˺ȼԣ̰ȻţڴϿû˹ܣ
ľΪΣǴһֺžѰģ˵ѩɽ±ȪľˮƶɣΪʴ
һһƷһ̾Ǻþƣ׷׾ٱǿһҲסҵ£ֻ÷ȥȡ
һԾƣͺȵͣΪ£ȵĸࡣεĺ󾢺ܴ󣬾ϯʱѾڣһε֪Ѿֲסˡ
ʱֵҹ⺮䣬Ĳþһ˻ععҪ𷣵ģԱ㽫ͷЪ֮㡣





     ߼ 131ģ 

еС׷׸ϻؼȥæµһ죬˵˻һСҹ
ĸߵ󣬺һϵһŰ壬Ҫϣȴֹ˵ˡ
ôˣôпˣ
ߵѷү˴˵ڹ︰磬ҪѵСһ¥ϢɣҺͰ֥Ӧžˡ
ѷүǺεˣûһֱߺѷүϵĺĲأߵĻϴȥ˯
¥ϾͷʱȻͷû׼ˮҹѿڿˮȣַ¥ȥˮ
ĳ¯ԣŪŲ֨ѽһ򿪣ͷһǲ֥ˡ
֥ûû˯𣿡
ĵÿڿʣպˮȡ
֥ߵǰóһЩ±ƵƷ͵ģļ״ʣѷү𣿡
ѽС˴˵Ͼ͵үȻ׼ˣһЩСҪһЩ
ĺĿײϣĵȿˮһպã˲Բ֥˵¥ˡ
ǰŸߵͼߴӺһ߽ĸϽ¥µӰվţ΢ĵƹԿΪ״ŵƽ۵곤˹ģΪ۽΢Щԭ࿴Ǵ΢ЦһֺܺĸоĲµӦþѷүˡ
ѷүŵػһˣڽ̸ʲôǸںڶ֮Уģ
ĵӰѷүͺڶһ¥ʱڶ֮ͻȻһѹֵĵЦЦȫһëΪʹҲЦ----巣
һ˶¥ȴӰﲻ֪վ˶ãֱ֥ʱһžѹϽȵĲˮ¥ȥ
ͷ֮У˯ĽˮϣһŴҪ뿪Ȼͣ˽ŲΪͷ̨úѷү̨᷿һѷүЩʲô
뵽Ǽ䷿СĽŲֶһ٣ʼġ뵽˵һЩ뵽ѷү͸ĸϵֲԾ̨ȥ
ӰӰĵƹ֮£ƿ˸Լͷϵĺڶһ俿¡ѷү˷вɵһЩˣԸ裬Ц˵ĸнѿʹĿá˶㱧Ų˭뵽ȴھأ
巶Ц˵Ϊ㣬ѵطҲ
ѷЦе£ͬ׵˵ĸҡһ£ȥ㡣οôӣ֪͵͵ǿɲá
޳ָĦűڣ˵ȥң뿪ǿֵܣҲ˵ˡµԽԽãǮƿ¶ܸȣ˵û⵽˸ʵļɵȻôĳ룬׼뾩أ
Ȼ⣬ѷϵЦݽһ£תָֻ΢Ц˵ɲ˵ʺοңֻǸʵˡ
ʵˣЦҵɵܵܣ룬ʺ׺Сӿɲô룬һֱֵٹ׺ˣл·𣿡
ⲻĸôѷ˵̾˵ĸ֪ҴСͲϲйصһЩ£ЩһϲֵͨܶɵûˡܵûУһеءĸˣˣҵֵ֧㣬ֻԺܹ̫ƽӡ
ЦЦһ̥ģĸȻ㡣һоֻ߱Ƿ磬ⶫ硭Ѱţ
ĸ˵
ѽεĴǲԳ棬Ȼ³֮Ҳ»ְֻ֮ܽ⵹׺꣬Ȼֻ֮ϧ˵һֱ˳
ѷЦ˵ǿˣһⶼûУ¡˵ףڵĻʼѪȴԻλһ֮ҲûУѵ𣿡
ҲҲ巺ЦɲʥˣȻ㣬Ǹţ
ϣѷЩˡ
ߵӣ˵Ϲè׽ӣ֪ߵˣ
ѷһʵ£
巵ͷѷһۣ֮ⲻض˵ѾȻ
̨⣬ʸⴰ̨һһð亹иӿ϶ֻҪմһߣǾûкµģ
һֻͻȻӺסĵ죬ҪֲҴУ¾ڵˣֻצĺ˴š





     ߼ 132ؽһ 

꣡
ʱͻȻǰԭӺסˣǾѺ
ĻصвͿ֣˵͵ʵ̫Σˣվô㶼Ȼ֪»زҪˡ
ʣվҺܾˣǵĶԻ
Ҷˣ֪˹һͼı죬õˣȴ֪Ҳǡĸ˷˴£˭룬˭ǻȸ󣬻ǲ֪
٩٩̸оùֵֹģһ˵˭˵أˡµȷ׼˵ˣҪȥҪЮֱЦ
￴ģĿЩ˸˵һϣ˺ĿһġռԨ£Ҳһ㡣
ô᣿
ԴɵģһֱһĴƽʱȻܵĺܶػͰΪûйԽصΪԣδط˵ٻһһо˲ͬĸܡ
˼Ҳ˼˵˵ѷүոտʼ֣²ûôѸ٣Ӧò֣ʱýһЩҺ㡣㲻ҪߣԷ͵˶֡
Եͷﻥ֮صԼķ䣬ֻһҹ˯ļȣɫ΢ʱ˯ȥ
ʱѾعˡվɰ£мﶣԼĻϽȥȥ
ƽĹţû͵˴ʮû䡢ϣǾǵһ꣬ʱżѾԽˡ
Դ극ʱ򣬼˶˵պĴ㡣߼ƻʹŲ֥һ˼磬¸⻰˵ò֥һƬߣϵĿҸȷǲԶġ
俴ĽĲˣϱ˵ȴǿԹҲҪȢšѵһû˵ԵĻֻǴ׵͵͵Цš
˵󣬾ֻһûмƻΪֳϸѯʵδ㣿
һ죬ƽҶ˵ԭﶼ׵ġ֧֧˵һС˵ʲô
ʥķŮʮ˶飬ʮޡĻδʮˣҲǡŴߴǣ˵ȥˡ
ƹæµӹҲؿ졣ת¹ȥˣҲˡڼԪżеһ˺ͷһҲֻһᣬȥҴҡΪæµ
ںһ˷˶ĿС˵칫ӺιˣүϷţȥ
ĸ˵ʣһģѵá
ˣ˵ȥɣʣµһĿһ˺˶Ծˡ
лл㣬ȹȥˣ
ĽŲϷŽȥȴЩͣϵЦҲӲһ¡һ˲Ц˵ôˣʲôأ
ָָߵ˵£Щ˵
ϱأ֪ʲô·ˣһԲİ¡
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Խת߼޻ѿھʣ˭Ҫݺ磿
»ͷ˵˭ݺģܹҺ̫Ӷ̫һ常ңûǵȦסֻڵģ̫֪ҵݣܲȻҡ
׺ڲ֪ͬĸ츸ֵܣ֪ˣָô롣
˵ߵ˵һӦǴ㽫ҵй¶̫ӣҺ̫ȻĿֻ¡
ｫ˵ĺ˵ֻ»ע⣬ҪЮ
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ľȵ̧ͷʣͳǣһؽ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ؽ·;ңԶֲȫǳòʧҵ뷨ǽȥܸغ¥ҵʦֵܶǺܰȫء
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磬Σյĵطȫĵط뵽ȥ
һΪߵģο˵Ҳ㲢ߵ鷳»ֶΡҲΪϾҲѷүˡ
˵ĲǷġ
ڵţҹ뾩Ҵ뿪ˡ
 




     ߼ 133ؽ 

ҹʱ֣һյƣΧԡĵֱַֻ֥ţ˻࿴ţȴ˵
ľΣЦ˵ʲôֻǳȥСסһʱգʱͻ˵ġ
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Ҳ˵ҴææľҪ뿪Ҳ˵ԭǲ׷ʣֻҪһ£ǷŰʱҺһȥô
ĵͷ˵ãڷŰ֮ǰһ
һӣ߰οһ׵ĽµģǾֻȥЩӡ
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У߰ɡ˵ֶ˵ҾͲҪ˰ɡ
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ĴӺ߳ϵģͣĲֻһƥ͵ֻпӱޣίˡ
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ðˡ˵˫۽סļںڰп
ٱ۶ҹʮֱ䣬ĵȴԾķΪо˺󱳴ůΪ뵽ﶼ˵ϲ顣
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ҶҹܺڣҶǰ棬Ȼȵӣָô
ĺܽ˶ת˲͵ŵĳǽ֮£ǰʵʿʾһƣʿȥ򿪳ŽǷ˳ȥ
ܵʿ常ˣõġ
Ĳûеģ˵Ȼĸŵ˵ͷ
˳⣬·㱼ԽĿˡ˲֪ãľȻʵůĻл˯ˡСĵڳһֻֽıڻԷȥ
ԵʱԼĶ̫ͷľѣ°;ǰֱĵ
˹˵˾˯ᣬϾ͵ˣ˵طҽ㡣
ľȵʣô͵ܸˣ
ǣҺͺ¥еԼʮ¼棬㽻Ҳͷˡ
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ʮ¹Ȼܿ͵ˣڳͤ´˸ڣһһԱߵСʻͣԱߣƿͷʱӳĵеĪ㡣
ҲĽԾĪ˵ҽĽˣһҪúõĽ͵¥У֮Ҳ࿴Ҫȫ
Ī㿴Ķ˵ʦַģҶһһ 





     ߼ 134ʣһ 

֮Уڼһ仰Ҳδ˵ۿĪһֱۡͬʱ򣬿Ĳſڶ˵磬··ϵİ
΢ЦģҲҪúԼһᾡؾġ
Ī㿴˿ɫ˵ʦϻسǣˡ
ķ³Уһ˻֪ˣʱŶĪ˵û뵽ңҵһֱڷܸˡ
ĪЩֵֹģżĻͷ·֮ģĲҿɫ̫á
ĳ˳Цˡ
Ī㱻һЦסҲû˵еնʱΡ˰죬Ҳ֪δǵĲˣֻÿʵҿĲԣˣһ򲻶ʣòõģֱ˵
͵̧ͷŲķŭϢҲһЩãȶʵμǲɱģ
仰һĳվͲˡĪ˼֣ҲĿ飬һ˵㣿Ĭ𣿡
ǰֻǻɣΪһֱǹӢǰ˵ĻװΪ̽һ¡û뵽һ̽Գ顣
Ī㽫ͷƲһԣȻһԲ
üͷ壬μѪɺӵĿʬɽһ㱻պزǰʹ˵ôԡһٶôµ֣
˵̲꣬סϾǰĪ㵱ѵġ֪Ķ£ĳʹģǾã֪ôǸҵĳˣ·βܣ
Īƺ̾һؿۿģƿ˳ȥͳһ
ˣ³ϢǳԷĪ㶼δ˵һ仰ҲֻĬĬĸ·Ҳ֪ԶԷԲԼͬѡ˱ܿ
·죬ʱ㵽˺¥ǰǵĪޱԼ
Ҳں¥ĵƿһЩĳճ뻯ϴûл̣лˡ
Īޱſ߿Īɫʮֲãʣ·ǲǺࣿ㲡պһͱۣɫ԰סСޱŶˡ
Ī³Ůͷ˵û£˯һͺˡ
ǵضԻĪ㿴ȥȻ֪Ī㵽¥Ϊ壬֮ǰûпĵ㲻ԣǴٿɫǲ԰ֹֽסĵ
Ҳʱǰְֱ˵Ӧ·ϻᰴʱҩΪʲôԣ
Ī΢΢Ƿ˵һʱˡ
̾˵ǲԼ£ΪĪޱ룬ҲҪúչԼ
ҪѯǺβĪȴǰ˵˵ҵ£ôܰѿأתԱߵһѾߣķʰ𣿡
һѾߵü˳۵Ļش˵үһʰˡ
ĪͷѾ˵ȥϢɣЩչҪľЩ֪𣿡
ɼףүİɡ
ŽɼѾԺȥ·˼룬ʵλͷ£Īʲô״ĪޱͰӣǼصġ
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¥֮˶ٶ֪һıԭԭ򣬴ҶԼˣɼ֪޲ԵؽĪ˵˳
үǸأ̥ʱ˶֡
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˵˵ү岻ãʱƢҲ᲻ãͻɱ䣬ְ֮ջں޲ͣ˺Լ˵ħֻԼȥǵУǴҶ֪еǵʲô
᲻ѣĪеĿƺµһ㡣Ѧ֮ĪǳǶˣѦѣĪ֮Ǹ߸ϵӣرͷ׷ΪࣻҲѦѺʹʯо˳һìţ常¾Ƕһֱħɣ
Ѧߵ˶ȻΪǵĪ㣬ĪӦмӦΪţһصΪĪôûľǶôĹµį 





     ߼ 135ʣ 

ɼĵٵСԺһܵǶ԰¥徻һסˣүרΪѡġ
ĻǰСԺֻԺɰػƣ̳̳ŻƲӲӵӭ˿ſϲǽǻһſ޵ĺĻĻϲɼ߽԰Էɼİºܿͽá
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ϱû˯ȣɼ˵ͷϣȻͷӦɼΪȡˮϴϵĳԴ˯˯ԺʱԼдĪɼ˵ǷѰ׵˯̫Ũδ˯˹ȥ
ԼĪ쵽ʱɼģױһ
ǰװ磬һֱûѧǸӵ̷Ҳôʹ֬ˮۡɼΪһרҵѾߣȻļȥӲǰױ̨֮ǰúõװһ
ıˮ͸ɼΪ׼ĵɫ£ɴȹ׹٣ٲֻԵ
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С㣿Щɻ
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ȵĿ⿴Ȼ˰ֻöԷ˵˾䣺ҡϺá
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ϯ֮ϣĸע⣬˵ǰЩעģʱֻΪöʵӱǿ֮ġʱģΪˣ˭ǽĹŵأ
òԵĽӷԾƹ󣬽žƺ«ĵԣ̸Ҳ׽˵û뵽ܼǰСĸӣкܶҪǰأ
ǺǵЦ˵ھ巳ˣɢɢҲû뵽СѾͷ㲻ڹﵱ𣿡
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ٶһûһţĪڶһһĺţǻڲ䵽̸Цϡ
ĪһĪļ¶оԼ۾ѾԼƣǻ᲻ɵϿȥٶľҲɵĺڣּܲ尾¾ƱȻ˳˾硣
վٺͤУƴĺűĿ԰Լ궯ġȻúܿգûйָоʧصĸоħ֮ǰַȻͬ
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΢΢Щŵ˵ΪԶˡ
仰Ҫ˵ĻһӶɤҲ˵ֻת˵㲢ǴҾԭˣؼ˷УʵڽܲˡҺôһжңҲ뿴ȥ
Բ㿴̵ͳªҡһ˵ļȡ
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Ҫתӣ˵뿪Ѧ뿪¥Լ
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Īܾҵ常ġ
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Щݣٽ˵ʵҲ𣿺˳Ӻĸסѵ𣿡
ǣ·˴סҪһĪ
һζ˼ȻЦԡ˵ضԣҺЦƭԼô꣬ȴһеָ˳
ļһر顣ĵĿ˵κһҲĥ㲻ϵԼȥִȴֲϵķԼֻҪߣԶҲ޷ѣ
Īҡڵϣ˫ͷ˵ģ֪жԼһɶˣҲĻˡ
˵常ȥס죬й¶ʵֻҪɱһ˾ˣΪ˻ٻ常˺ɱμţôˣܸһЩ˵ע⣬Ҳĳһͻ˲鴦ģôɨˣǶֺ֮ˣô޹Ҷ죡 





     ߼ 136ʣ 

Ī˻ߵ˵Լûʶ⾹Ȼһһ¶
˵Եʮ͵͵˵Ҹô졭Ѿҵ׸ô죿
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Ӱ֮߳һŮӣٸ̣ɫѣ¹ϣȪһ㣬㲻ĳ࣬Ҳɶ϶ŮƷ಻ףɼǰ˵ĴС----ҶҶҲȪˮһֻ³Ļȴ˾ġһָģʵŮȻҹƻҵʦܱʦţ
Ѱҩգ֪֮£ոջԶԶĿĪһŮӰļϲţʦ˺ա͵͵սû뵽ǡǡ˵һ仰ⲻŭ˼㣡
Ī͵ʦ㣬ˣ˵ǷΪҺã
Ҷ⣬ֻǱɫϣǺɸֵ˵ʦܡʱôͿ¥ͽΪãʦǷ䣬ȻݹҶε򣡡
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ĪֻôһͲ壬ȽҶպ͡ҶûаҪĽ˼дʹ߸һнǴȥ
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Ҷ䲻޽ҲƵĪ㲻òֻδֵʦܾȻ֣ԽŭеĽҲԽˡ
˵شھˣ˸ϳʱڴ򶷣æֹѾͷ塣ʲôס֣
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ҪȴͻȻ˻
ҶӻȡһⳤľϻӣѶһͣ㣬ҪĶԺҲΪκˣ
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̾˿һԵɼܾĻطϢֱʣĪһˣʣʦ۰㣬ղôһ£
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ͷ˵˵Ľ֮һ򲻴ҲǸĺùȥͬʦú˵˵мɡ
Ī£һҶСԺȥˡ
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΢Ц˵ҲôĪ㣬óǸˡ
ɼæЦŵͷ˵ѽѽպ󴦳ˣһΪѵġ
˵ǵڶһ緢ȴĿЦáһ磬ҶżѾ԰ſڣɼȥ
֣ӷ߳˵Ҷͷʵ˵ⰲŹģ
ĵͷҶеŭʤΪҲǸӪĶеģֻתͷɼ˵ûҸո˵Ҫ԰ȥʰ
ɼҶִҪģΪѵ˵С㣬԰үԸסģū澾ķҪ԰ӣɽūôǺá
ҶһĮ˵ɼĪˣⶬ԰常רŸҽģ˵ҲϲסԺҵģҲסʰȥ
û뵽һʱЩѿҪ˵Ǽٵģ£ֻöɼ˵Ұȥˣ¥ô෿䣬ҼУﶼס
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Ͼͺáһ˫Żû߳䣬ɼָϽֹţүô͸С̧ˣ
ʵҶù֣ĪС˵ĴŸϽ԰ԭŸ˵˵ûҲͲˡǵϵʱֻıҶһȺѾΧڵУҶţ˵ľȻľ·
ĺܹѪĪĻ̵ƢȥҶ˵û
Īĺɼ߳԰ȥҶںźסʣȥģѵסī԰׼԰ӣѵ֪
ҵȻ֪Ƕһס԰ӣдȥʣ
ҶɫһףĪ΢΢ЩԼ˵Ļ֪ʦ㰮Ľֻ˭ҲûҴɴʵȥҶȻǱ˵һ 




     ߼ 137 

Ҷ޷޵ĻصԼԺ䣬ԵѾϸѯһľǺѾ߲ѣֻðһЩŶ˵
ҪԸүҶ˵ǶүˣΨһԶүæ͵¥ôһﱣ׽
Ҷ㱣ǶʧʲôҪĶһʹƮʵүˡ棿
Ѿߵͷ˵ȻūҲ˿ڿഫū澾ġүصټ˾ʮе˻ﱣһǲܿġ¹Ҫôܴ˺
ʮҶһǿ常ҡȻһ˹ģ
˼һ룬侲¹İΣܲܲ˵ĸȥһϸ룬Ī㽫İڶ԰ˡ԰¥ƣɽеɽһ㣬ױأī԰λ̫ǽʵڲǸȫĵطϽ˸ȥĪ㣬һĵס⡣
Ī˵ҶҪΪĵĲѣֻڰúĵסҴҸȥҶ˵ĵһ仰ȥĵǡ
԰Ҳǿţ㻹סȥɡ
ʦ㣬Ī˵Ľһ߽һЩ˵Ҿ֪ʦ㲻ǲˡ
Ҷɫ˵ΪҲƽˣø˵˵뿪ĻǺ⣿ûŷɣǲĹأ
͵ǸȴŲҽȥ
Ҷͷһƫ˵ô˭ûƢ˭Ҷˣʦô
˵ҶȶֵģĪ֪棬㿪ʼ˼Ҫô͡
ĪСͬ׽ΨҶ˵ϼ仰ҶСʹĪ㣬Ī˵ǽ㡣ĸסĪ˼ͬ˵滰
˱ŷãֱһѾ߼ŻС㣬пүλʦүٵǰȥ
Ҷ΢΢üĪ˵ϸ룬Ժ̸ȥǰ濴˭㡣
Ī㽫еĻ˵󡣾ɶˡҲȻͰѾǰԺȥֻû뵽£˾ȻǶɺ
ôˣĪĿɿڴؿһװɺһʱΪԼصʥ
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˵꣬ɺûֱ̫ӣϽֲӦҪһֱûãǲˣŹѡ
ĪǸ˵͹ҵ޴󰭡ãֻ˲ͻعû뵽鷳һˣȡ
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ɺӺɰͳѦױŽĪ㣬˵˾Ҳͬ漸أǿɲܸһع
Ī᲻֪ɺЩ˼ֻÿЦ˵Ȼ棬ǻӭֻﲻȾǷȤ¹Ȥ
ɺӦ˵˵ôᡭ룺ڵĵطôȤ
ɺǹѦصŮ¥еȻҵ
ٵ鲻һں¥дˣȻɼϢͦϲɺģΪɰһֱǹԼʱɺһֱΪԼݶ顣
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Цӯӯվ֮ڣɺǼһг㡢㡭ģ𣡡
ļԾӣԼǱȱСӳءԭɺһֱ֪ʵ飬ѹһ˹ˡ
΢Цɺȥ˵ңһɲԩꡣ
ֱĵɺ֣ɺоůů£ˡЩֵʣȻûôҵݸţ˺þáᶼһˣ
Ľ͵ò׳˹һСϵΪ֪ء
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㣬һʼû뵽ġңҶҪЩٻعˣ
֪Լ㵽߶˵󣬻ǲҪ߶ȫΪҪġ
ɺں˵ôΣˣ⼸˴øʲôȡֵĵطǾ˴һȥ棡
²Ҳö˵ʲôصʱ˻Ȱİɡ
ĵ͹ɺĥӲݵȻбĥĪͺ¥е˴Ӧĳȥ档
оǸǡĪҶɲġԴɺһУ˳ɺĪһȥ˼˷ܲѡ
峿յ̫ɢӲӵů¥ű㿪һͼƥϽֵʻȥ
Ǵ˴νεĿصǳʮسɽɽ֮ʯؾɽд۸ӵص˶̽ЩϢɺʱɺǳɽȥ
ʻ⣬ؾɫɷݽֵ۵Ļݣɺһ˷ܵΣһڵĺҶ˵֪ɽе˶ʲôӣסĵط𣿺ڴѽ
΢Ц˵ţҶȴĴϣ˵˶ںˣǴ죬ܹˮɱǲҪȥˡֻھΧͺãҲǼġ
˵ɺЩɨˣ˵ѵóôһΣһγβ֪ҪȵĸͷҽһҪźãʲôഩ·ˣҵĲء˵꣬ĹŮȥҺȥһٶ͸ҶǷȥ˶ˣǸԵĹأ
Ϊɺȥ˶ȡһɽĽ·սɽУǵصĺϮɽе¶Ȼ䣬Ҳ֪ǵˮɱ˶Ĺ⾰
ɽԼĪһʱ䣬ͣһɽ·ߵĴ¡Īɺǰɽ·޷ͨУҪԼߡɺЩ⣬ĪǰǹԹԵ³ڹŮɽȥ
˶ʵϾһܶΪλɽڲ֮˺ܶຮδɢ¶൱͡վڶھѾöȷ飬Ÿ˵ĽŲڵҶȥ
еɽһλϤũ·Ҳľ͵𣬳̫Щ඼׵
е·ػۡãע⣬Դײ϶ڵʯɺǵһμĶԶǧٹֵʯǳȤЩʯµĶѻе绨ݣޣǧ˰̬ڻѵӳ¸Ե
ҿ𾢣ǰ·ũͻȻ˵λС㣬ǰ͵ţǧĽ¡
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ʵϾʯγɵľһխʯšڶɽ֮䣬ûûŶգôôΣգ
ߵͷȥںʲôҲ̽ԵĶ˸ʯӣܾúܾòʯˮе
ţøѽſҲΣռˡҪǵȥ˿ô죿
ũ˵Сǧ˵ɥĻſȻΣաͷǣӣֻҪץӣŵ״Ҳµء
Īüͷ̽һ¡뵽ĺɺ˶ǲܳģ˵ǻǲҪðˣЩȥһ棬Ǹã
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Īϸ룬ɺʹ󵨵סĪ˵ҿǰ书ᣬһҪץңҵȥ˰
еС޷ǳʱĪ׽׽
˼ִҪǰУֻø档Ī˫ۻɺؼͷţʱʦҪġ
˫ȷţղϻζشСĵŲŲӡСĽ˺þãǿ쵽һˣҪͼɺͷЦ˵ԭС㿴Ŷڴ
ε̾˵ԨһЩû
ɺһʱƤŻŻģ쵽ͷӦûʲôˣƶűߵӻζһʼεľŵļУæ˵𶯱𶯣ҽŵûվأȫأ
䣬ļһֵȻͻȻϿߵķһ㣬ٵԨ׹䣡
ͷĪʶȥﹻţվҶҲΪͻȻϵʧȥƽ⣬һƽʱѾȥ
ģ
ĪһܲˣɺŴıУȥ 





     ߼ 138վ 

ģ
ۼͻȻ
Ķ̫ӺĲɵӣѯʵô岻𣿡
üҡͷ˵û£ֻе
̫º͵˵Щܽܳ˲£϶ۻˡȵȥЪϢɡ
˵л˳ﲻĵİȫ𣿡
ͷ˵һֱͺ¥Ǳһжã㲻صġ
ǡҽͻȻЩʲôҪһ
ļ˵ٹգõб˲һоͽˡڼЩҲ֮е¡
첻ͷ˼죬ҲԼЩˡѦĺ¥ӴûĶˣӦԼ̫ˡ
˵˲糯֮ǰܹõ𣿡
ͷ˵ģһаš
˵ȴе㲻̫šõ˲ؼرʦѾйһμƣɻȦ
ڶģĵ巶ĸ鵽ж桭
֮ϣеĴ¥ںϾ巿бڴߵˣǳȴ㡣һֱ䲻ȣֻҪĵشߡ㡣
ӰɣϷ䣬塣
תµӣüƣϸĿʵүﷱӣôҳκ
̫ӵĶԽԽ滰֪⼸գʤҪֳĿģµĴΡ
֪ϲѻ˵¥дھǻȴ鲻Ǿʲô䲻常ԣܵҵϽʲô֮٣ԳҪǡմСҵİƳ
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ΪˣҶµ˶ԨȥԨһ̶ộҲʧٵĶˡ·ũǣˮǸˮģǱ嵽ȥˡ
¥˽¶˵ĪĿ϶ˣôߵ£ô̶ˮˤҲǶôܻл·
Ҷ첻ʬ壬ôҲѾˣˣҲüʬ壡
ʱºһ飬ϸһЩԽǿɽŵؽ䣬ԽҪע⣡
ҶԸˣҪˮ˽ԹȻʱ̫ʱˮˮ׵غɰڵĹǺ
С㣡һ۴æ˵ǵںϷδǵҶڵȴСķԸ
Ҷüͷһ壬淳ʱôƫƫκˣĪ֪ʲôǲҪײɡ
սɽĴ뿪ˣѰҡ
ɽʪʯĪ㿿ų̦ʯţŴڰԵ
Ĵĵӣϵ˵ţ˵˯ûУѹ
ĶɪɪܵĪĻȥ΢΢۾˵ǲǾҪˣ
Ī˵ᡢᣬһҵ·ģҪ֣
Һ䡭䵽ˡ
Ȼϵ·ѱĪɣڵɽʵ̫ʪ䣬ĪʹȫҲůԼҲЩ˥ļ
ֱ۽˽ϵĵĺ󱳡
׹Ԩ¹ߣ׹̶ʱһֱ׽סˮҪˮ棬˭֪ˮо޴һ㣬ȥٸˮʱǾѾûгڵɽˡ
ɽＸֲָûа⣬ĪƾųʶжϣӦǱɽ׵һѨͼˮѰҵ·ÿεƣǻصɽ
ŸôѰҳȥ·ͻȻӵĿ
ģôˣ𣿡
ı߿ޱ˵Һ¡ʲôҲʲôҲоʱ䶼ֹͣһҺǡҵ磬ǡҲô
õľĬѹֽĵ׵ļǿݻ٣Īһ׾ʱ֪ΰοֻһһĸοĳ 





     ߼ 139ųѨ 

ɽһжǾֹģ֪˶ãĪкȻһ˿⡣
ġĿѣ㿴ʲô
ǿܿȥɽ̶ˮʱ񿴵ϣһ
ϲʣˮ׵Ǵģѵǳ𣿡
Īſߵ̶ˮߣʯϵ̦ǰ̶ˮֹȣɽڵ̶ˮĺˮͨģغˮˮλҲ½
룬Īϲ˵÷꼾ڹȥˣˮˮλʼ½ӵĶ¶˳⣬϶ܳȥ
ϲѵܹȥĪȴ˵Ϊ˱ȥ̽̽·һᡣ
ˮĪҵȥͨ·ȻļʹȥˣҲˡ
̶ˮߣĪǱˮӰʧˮС˺þúþãڿˮһݣĪˮ
Գȥ𣿡
ĪĨȥϵˮͷ˵ȷԳȥˮó㲻ˮҪȥҪðЩΣˡ
ĺԥ˵ҲҪ氡ܲ±ﱻɣҾǲУֻܹˡ
Ī˵Щ̲סһѽԴ˵ġһ㰲ȫĳȥ
ǣ֣ˮС
һץңʲôҲùܡ
Ī㿴һۣĻ⣬һڿһĪˮס
İĪ˵ģһſڱǣһֽץ۾ҲֻоĺˮԼ塣
ǾˣѾﵽͨ죬оԴըʵܲˣһʱɣеһˮȡ
ͻȻıˮڱȥǺܣץĪҲɿˡ
Īоķſʱ֪²áϽػˮһ׽ס³ġ
ĸеԼһȫĻǿۣĪҡͷʾҪԼһ˿Щȥ
Ī˵ʲôҲϷڱег޽֪ټֲˣһѰסͷݺݵȥ
͵۾Ȼ֪ڸԼھԼǱĪǵ𺳸лԴΡһ̣ľιȥˣ
үǰĺƮˣ
΢΢Щ죬˭ô쵽Ӿ˵¥йأ
Ǻˡ
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Īһ˿ѣؿ巣ҲֻǾѣϰʹ
ˣ˿Ѻ
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ܣȻúýͻغ¥ֻǸŮˣȴܸ档
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ҶĵĽصϣ˵Ѿ֪ͨϾͻҪԼǹؼ
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Īԥĸʱˡ
ʰװҪعȥˡ
֪һ۾ͻῴʹԸԣʵѸģȻԴʹȴʮ
巣ȻٶʲôǷ֮ǷǷ֮٣ֻȴֻΪʮҪһöӡ
ĵڴߵһۣûм˵ûҪ˵ʲôвûá
ڵΪޡΪ⣬˵ʲôҲǶࡣֻ׽ʵһΪԼҪվˣ
ζĿ֮Բ֣м֣ʣôԼΪʲô
Ȼ׽ġȻ֪ϸڣѾ˸šȥĪģǼֱǲܡ
Ц˼˵գӲ˵Ժ̸
һ˵ĲŷԼԴۣȫȣǷˡҲǣôɽôãôܲ
뵽ɽΪԼȡůΪԼĪ㡭ôˣӦò̫ãȻԼҲᱻץ
һ뵽֪ԼץǻʲôӳأԼ᲻ỵǵĴ£
˼ţȴ˯ˡ 





     ߼ 140ǰĺҹ 
 
ʱǰһ˵ƣѵĴ˺ܶࡣ
˯ôãö˰ɣ
Ŀȼֵҹû뵽Ȼ˯һ졣
壬ŴͷһСĵιԣ˼ڣͻȻڵٹãҪˡ
ġšһû˵֪Ļûнꡣ
һһεĴ֮գһͻ̽ҲҪУ·ϺչԼ
һ㶣׽סʵҽҪʲôҪ𣿡
ѿ֣ι࣬˵ìҲĶܡû㣬ĩգҲֳһ£ǽѶ㣬Ҷᶯҡ̫ӵֽŻᱻһжδ֪
ĻЩԼܣԼΪʲôǳΪ˵İôͲΪѼЩգΧΪԼŸָ¡ԼΪЩʲô
ҲˣڴͷߵĴߣһ䣬һʶķʵ˵ʲô
ת΢Ц˵û˵ʲôˡ
ȵӰ߳䣬ĵԴ졣
ոշ˵ǣͺˣû˵ģ
ͺˣ
ͺˣ
ͻȻ˵ǶԵġˣΪǻǣƣˣ̫ԸʲôǣˣͲΪǰﱨǰĪˡ
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ˣôҲѭԼŵ----»Ȫ
үѦŮֻǵرûôӵĹҲཻܹĭֻ
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ûĺֻ۲̵ʵΪʲôΪʲôҪ飿㲻ıĵ㡢ҡ硢̫ӣõԼҸΪʲôҪһУ
Цһ˻ţֻΪ˻šǶҸˣ˭ҺĸĵʧֻȥȡԭҵĶ
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Ҫ˵Ҹ֣Ҳϧ𣿡
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为ңҾ䡣ֻǶһ˵ԣˣֺ֮ģ
һΪ巳ͬһ಼ܶܡ֧ͶĵطھԴʱ̲סľ
Ӷ˵ͬսûԼսʱ
Ļҵӣ˵ԹԵң糯ֻһ䣬ȻǾǱ䡣֪𣿾ǵİսˮ֮Уѣ˭Ҳӣ
Ĳ֮в֪ȴò
Դ뷨ֱ˳᲻ȽϺã
Ĵ֧һСīǰ
дԼʱʮ㡣
ջ֣ҡͷҪ磬Ҳ
ЦҲǺڰĻᣬȻһ磬ҲǸν̫
ҡͷİ˫ֲ
̾㲻дˣ֪УҲҲһָ˵Σ
ĵһ۾ֵĿ巡еϷŴˣ





     ߼ 141鱡 

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ĺ޺޵ĻЮңѵ踾𣿡
ҡҡָ˵ҿǴ㻹ŰˣЮΪ˶Ըˣ踾档

ıͷȥԼʼһ⣬˳ȥ
˰Ѿе˾һС򣬲Ъһٽ
ͣЪһţԭΪĻţչȴǡſţüͷԽˡ
巣
׽ղ֮춯ֻӰ֮£ؾ쵽ϸ̸
̫죬Ӳڹʹ̣Ҳĸѵ̫ܣĸΣ
ϸúܾãŵȷױʣˡѷĵ̣ܻҲǲܣ˼ǰȥ
˼ĸ˽ԶܾӪйѺŷǰȥᡣĻܸϺʱļ棬һţһʧڻƳ֮С
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ײΡ̨ס̱ڵϵƽ͵Ķ˵أ֪ĸˣЩ顣޶ȥƽϡ巶Գޱ֮λõķءѷԾ̣۴˵Ǯơͼ졢вɽ𢡣޶ȥᡣֻΪµ޲֪޴ףΪ޶ǵķݣȻŵ֮ϣ޵صߣǵĽ𣿡
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žһײһϣԵˣȥ˼û޵һ
쳤ЦЦĽᷢޣߵգ˲̼ǵլԺеСǧϣǳЦ裻̼ǵðǽ߹ǽڵĻЦֻһۣ㶨
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ľǱھкҪһֱӪǻϸĸԪĸԪͳʣֽűͱµģ΢һ
Դӱ˰󵽾Ӫ;ֵĲˣͻȻԪôˣϲ֮ȻǱѰ
ԪͳһۣתӣǾ棬˵Թı˽ԪͳҲûиԪԹı˽Ļᣬһ֣ʿǰѹ˳ȥ
ԪżʸףҪȥ
Ԫͳ侲޲˵Ȼȥĵط
Ԫ㷲һֱ֪ǼͶʵıʵǲȫģ䵽ȫҲ̫˵
Ÿ״ĽһǵķʻȥԪԭǻһǷ޳Ӫ
֮ǰôҲ벻Լ̶̵һҹշתôطǱѺٱھӪδŪ״ֱͽ˹
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ײɡšһû˵ĸоõһڿ޴룬֪ԼҪô֪Ԫͳʲô
Ԫ䡣ĻڱѺѺ͵ĥɽԷھ̰ɡ
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ײЦ˵ѹϲ㡣뱣ܣȻԾɻ巶ˣҪΣʥ𢡣ο˵ǲһĴڣ㣬ף
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˵μҵˣμŲǻ˵ɲϣܶи
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ٴοеĺŨ֭ͷ£ԭҩҲˣҲˡ
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ڰ˼ 142ƻ飨һ
 
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    տĽǵУײɴЦĪĿ֪Ǻ״

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    ӹŹһȦȻ֪ԼлײɣΪľϲ̲ס˵˾䡰лϡ

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    ɫӵĿҧҧͷһҴķȥ




   
ڰ˼ 143ƻ飨
 
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ڰ˼ 144ϲֶ֣ࣨ
 
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