ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
ƷԻ,˲κθݰȨ

ƶ +  

ƶbyˮ[ˮ] 


 
ºڡߡɱҹ 
ѩĵ滮ϸĲһ˺ۡ 
绨ݿʼŤΣ¶֮ɫӣſУȴֻܷ˵ĺˡڣ鴤һ£ٲˡ 
ƿһ߽ǰͻѪȻһʶϺµʬԼıŮĿѡ 
 
ѪĿⴥѪĵ棬漴̧ͽһúڽסһ¡ 
һ˫ֱϮˡֿ졢ݡڱŭߣдһԵ֮ʵޱȡȻֻ΢΢һͶˡ 
ΪҪŮϷƴˣ 
׻˵һƴĪСʹʧŮʹĶܾ˵ʽԱ˵У书Ǹ߳࣬һʱ侹Ƶæң˵ߡ 
ꡱһ죬һҲ飬˽һȻڴϡæһ֧ӣֱֻ۴һɵػףϱɱŮ˫Ŀ۾ 

û˶һ˫۾޶ԣο˻ԼɱȻɱһ˲䣬Ļǲһ¡ 
ಫݰģߵƷɨ˲ͷܹͬʱֻһĺڽѱƷɨ䡣 
ǡߵɫתΪǿʲôµѾû취˵ʲôˡ׹һߵ˵ϣѪԴԴǰӿ 
˵Ŀʬ֮ѲƬ̣ĸʰĺڽ°ϣȻţ 
첽˳ȥ 
⣬֪ʱǴ衣 
һ 
ɽһͷɽĿɽȴ޾ӽһֱ쵽Զȥˡ 
ɽһСѶϣʧСϣһǰһˡںǸƴǰУߵǺǰ󺺵ľȴԽԽԶڣ̲סе֣Щȵ¡ 

Ǵüаûһʱ嶯˸ϵȽ֪Լг 
ͷȴȻ岻Ըס˽šߴٵ 
ЩЩ 
˲ϵĺЦ 
Լ½ȷ磬ȱ߿ɫۼ̫ţˣԹѾôȣʲô 
һֵɽȴҲŹ֣һ죬ҲˮԴȥҲҪˡ 
Ȼһʧеţ㿴ĪǸƹô 
˳ָķȥֻƮƮӭչɲǸƹݣϲǡιȵѽ 

Ʈľ£ǼľͷɵСݣС־ɣɽ֮ôطҲԿοˡСݵǰһ 
첻ܣزܣƹݣ 
ҲգȥҲգȰɡ 
ָŶЦ˵Ǹʿ 
Ǵ󺺺һﰵ 
 
۵ڽ⧲һſżϻһһ£ų裬Լĺͯ 
Сûǿ㣬͸۾Сһţ¶һڽ׵СЦءепˡ 
洫һ֪ˡ 
С濴С͸СˣһŹ̨ټӾͰѿռ䶼ռѰ£Žеƹ񣿡 
ˡ̨¶һͷңһסƤһû˯ѵӡ۾ʵλҪƻҪ裿 
Ҫƣ 
Ҫ裡 
ͬʱڣһۣ󺺵ҪƣҪ衣 
ԵȡֽŵҲһˡ 
ǴɽҰ֮ضȻûʲôþƣһڣϾζ㴾Ȼ̲סһһ룬޵þƣǮɣ 
ãһһ롣 
ۡһ󺺺ڿеİƾ˳ 
̾ϢϧǮӾôûˡ 
һӽеɱѽһ㹻һ̳ľˡ 
۽ɨһۣĵɱΣǵĹ˵ 
СȻżϣתЦصǵĹǣһסһͷ͡ 
û 
ˡǴ󺺲ŭЦԭǼҺڵ̫꣬ͷ϶ҿҴ򣬾ôүѵѵ㣡ƣһȭԷкȥ 
ȭǽ޺ȭʹõǻǴϣͷҲҪˡϧһ£ڵûЩ£ڵꣿԷôֵĶûͱڵϣվˡ 

֣һһӣһ룬һ룬룻⻹Ҫرӣɡ 
̲סʵʲôرã 
һһأҪɨǶӡҪܣһȭҲһ 
ˣҪ򱻴ҪȭͷǮ 
һӿˮĲۼȭͷǰȥ˵֣ίίĸǮͷҲصȥˡ 
֣ȵҡԭӵ·һǴҪߣҲҪţվӣֲҶˡ 
ΡΡ̽뻳У˰ͳһССĲһһĴ򿪣ǼӣֻҲûءóϣԷüͷһ壬ɴȫ£תܡ 


 
֣ŵûɢֻȱܣǽ¾˸׮ƵģôҲˡ󡢴Сʵֻôˡ 
ҲǰӣһС£ȻԽУȲòЩӡ 
֪Ǻ⣬ӴֱӵһۣγѣһߵлһͷҲصȥˣй׷Ƶġ 
Ӵ˸ǷһΡҿʱҲû˻ˣʰʰŰɡ 
Сգգ۾ҿһùءСһָǰȻиˣȻ 
ӢͦǷᣬͶ֮Ȼ͸һ֮κ˿ĵһ۾֪˾һ㣡 
λ͹٣ȾƻǺȲ裿кšʹǻʵӣҲ᲻Ȥ 
΢΢һЦЦʹκһŮʧɫͬͳöԲҲԶġ 
ԶƹʲôӵɫѾÿˡ 
ЦЦӻͳһӣʵһˡ 
λ͹٣ҿҴˡɽϣܼˣֻ˵Ī˵Ҳû˵ 
˻û˵ҵһ֪ 
Ŷ˵ 
Ѱ£ŵ˵ˣǰڽϿǴսթ޳ܣ˵޳ҡ 
üˣôսթ޳ܷ 
ԭħ̵Ļ֪ΪξҪдħ̽дʧ֮ӳħ̣Ͷԭ֡ 
˵곤̾һԭֶǸͶ־ʿĽɡжžɽׯĶׯǽڼУϱȻ󲻵ǣģȻɱ˶ׯ°Ů 

һֱţʱŵ֪ɱ˶ׯ 
ׯʱͶŹҲɽׯʧ٣ⲻηǱʲôԭҪǵ壬ǰȥΧʿɱʮ֮ߡԺļУڰŻµ֣ǰΧ˵һλ׷ơӢҲɱͬ书ŮһͬڼС 

֪ɱģƾʱһԹô 
ֻΪǰĶԹȻ¶ۣӢ֮ǰֵƴһڵдֵ֡ 
˵̧ͷ˫סӵһһֵص 
㻹ʲô˵ 


ֿ¿ˣһֱ̫ҿܾ㡣õĻҪȥЦ~~~ 
ڡ㲶硷˼λдܸжҲܺãһֱ˵ǸβǺִܲ٣ʵдȥˣһƪҾ̫ 




 
㻹ʲô˵ 
һ仰˵꣬עȫ䱸״̬ԷԷͻȻѡ 
ɫ䣬ֻصʲôˣû 
һۣԻͳһɽ֮ν̳һˣ̨֪˵ 
ЦЦĻʦǶϲᵽɽҰġ 
λġ࣬µ䣬һò棬Ҹܵ衣ǣйĿ֮ܣֻҪһۣ׼ȷĽ˻ 

Ӿţ֪Ҫˡ 
չǰ֮һ棬ʱΪˣؼ֮㽫òĬһֱڼУ֪ȴĶֹߣ˽˳ΪպѰ֮ݡ 

Ǹʮ꣬է֮˾ޣƵϡˮΪΪǡٸǾò˼飡ӲҪ˵ʲôĵطž΢΢ճһĨŪЦ⣬ʹƽ֮⡣ 

ŻϵˣҲ֪ˣ̾Ҳѹֻİɽ 
ȴȻԻϵһȤҲûУȻĵǺûϧҵڻǲ׸µ⡣ 
ѽĿ뻭֮ش׵ߡʱټϿΣȷĿȫǣϧ츳òһȴôҲı䲻˵ģǾһ˵۾顣 

ѻٵ࣬뻭˵òȻͬȻ̬ȴǾ˵ƣ 
ЦӣĿеζԣ㻹ôƱ磿 
Ȼɫ䣬ؽӹ˰Σҡͷ̾ϢλʲôĴʦ֪ԼĴȻͨ񣬲֪θ롣 
̧ۿ꣺˵ϣ벻Ҳˡ˵ɣԭһ޾ɵģʱȴǱһˣһ˫۾ʶĿҲҲһ˫۾ 

Ŀӹһ˿ɫֻϣ̨һˡ 
 
챤 
´һۣ챤⼸ڽͷ죬кȺ֮ƣµľֹȣĪ챤ٱƣ 
΢΢һЦңǳĳ 
ͷȻӢ۳֪꣬ٱһҹȥΪΪԹ 
ȻΪ˽壡 
һ壡ЦһĻҲöˡҸߣףӮȥĶУҪҲɵ㣡 
ƻܣ 
ȥ㣬һҪҵĵꡣ 
û˸ħ̻书û˸С챤ٱʵһȫಫĽΪ֮ݱɫ 
СľݵĺһƬ֣֮һƬյأǸֵĺóء 
ƺѾϰУȻ˭Ҳκβ˭˶书žԵţȻҲ̲סԷ 
һζƹ˸˾һϢ׼һغϵĽ֡޵ħ̻书֮ߣڽճĳʶˡ 
һλٱ챤Ҳ˵ѽ 
һЦڶԷҵ֮̾⡣ 
̾ϧΪɽյж֮ƣӦÿԳΪѵġ 
ɫһ䣬˵һӵͯеȴԼĶ֮УǴûĵ⽣ӰһСѺɷס 
ԹԵվҪҶһӣͷһԼһУ⺢ӣȴٲʲôˡ 
뵽˴̾һƵ˵ҲûɱˣŲţ 
Ƶ˲ɱģӦһȥӢǰᣬ뵽ʱȺԻỹһ 
֪ô˵ҡͷЦȥĪ˵ңҶӵ֮ҲԱȫһܻҪȥˡ 
ƻ˵ЩʲôĽкֻܻӽмܡ 
һֲͬڸղţ֪·ˣʱǲÿһƵҪܵҶ˵Ľ׷׹䣡 
Ҷ׷У֮дУ֮硣Ʋ֪Ǻ⣬ں治ᡣ 
Ȼճסһͣ˾ɷסɱ֮ƣתͬʱֵĽҲѻӳָǳƵţ 
ȫ׷ϵԷȻһ֣˿Ӿ֮һ㣬յסƣԼ͵ȥġƴ֮£ؽѾˣܿĽԼϲ 

ҲһͣҲӴɢҫҲƮߣʣµֻһǡ 
ȻĽȴͻȻ˷һ漴ƮƮڵϡ 
ΪʲôɱңսѪϵĽڵϡˣʱûýˡ 
Ҳʲô˶ɱġһۣһ˿Ūοڻа취ץô 
ЦЦת뿪ȻĿӴǰľȴôҲЦˡ 

ҪĻǹԹ־ܰɡ 
в֪ʱѶߡ˸ֳֵˣЩ˵Ŵ߶ףڽҲͷͳרڱȶ֪ǺʱġһϱŸСĶ亮亮Сʱǵͨ졪һ˫䣬ʹѡ 

ޱ飬תƵ˵Ľ壿 
ҲˡǵԼһϵɽЩģץס亮ӵ֣ô£ 
ǺͷõڽҲǴԲˣиºŽС 
ЦЦһʳٱô£֪䣬Ҳֵ֪ܣԼһ˾ˡǼʱȻˣ 
ָԼüĳΪ˽Ὥһι⡣ԶԷ书вֻǷ 
δ𻰣һŵٱԲӣԸְ໹ʲô䣿ǵķӽ֮֮ 
һĵٱĪԼδץסģ˼֣ͷɣ 
ϵɵ֣꣬Ϊ̱ƧԼ䳰ȷɫһ״æԲҶΪֵİߣȻƽЩٱ书ġ 

һ٣㵽״ǲӣ 
һѡ𣿡ЦЦ˵ǸߣĪ˵ңֻҶӵСҲԱȫ 
ॡһڵϣ 
ɡ 




λڴ緬ĴˣˮĿǰѾȫͶ뵽¹ʱǲдˡǸǸ 

 
ϣʱͷһۺ 
״ǺܺãǱݡϵĴѨѾȫסȻܶȴһҲ᲻ͨ˻Ҫ硣οϻųص֮һӣǣСȴֻܱǣڵߣǣһֻһһ 

ôҲһ 
ûƵġִԡԼҲЩ˶̬ȱ𾴣ʵֶּʣץסʹκһ 
ЦЩδС֮ĶȾ֮챤ǿֶεɲҪ 
÷ȥģΪʲôԼҲ˵ 
ͷ̫ˡ 
ȥͷĺˮ˵ɽµ·̻ԶǹЪЪɡ 
ߵòͣһԼȳ׷׸ͣһƬΧһšƲԸЩһԶͬƥһ𱻰һ¡ 
ˮңЦҲˣȿˮɡ 
˲٣ˮȴֻ֧һһشȥһǳơˮ߹ȥˮҽȴ֣¡ 
˺Ҳжĸȣ 
ӿڵողͺˣ 
֣˵ҡͷ̾ϢԼ˵Լ˵Ҳϡ档 
㡪֣ɫһ䣬Ҵ򣡡һȽȥ 
ƽգһ֣ȫжֱסˣֻаķݡ 
ۿ֣İƾҪϣһִֻԱסֱֻۡһܣ֣û 
Ƶص֣Ըһ޻֮ˣò˰ɣ 
֣˵üء 
Ѿܽˣæм䣬Ȱֵ֣ܡٱҶԼˣοΪ 
˳ùˮңˮѾˣʡŵõĺá 
ԷȻѾԼһӣҲټּԾ˻ԭ¡оߺ޵ĿԼ̹֪֣꣬Դ˲мԼ̩Ȼǡ 

ӵͷʣ𣿡 
亮ҧס촽ҡҡͷԴӸ׳ͱֳ˳ļǿ£һֱûпֻ֣ĬĬظɽ·᫣ЩĴ˶ѿʻˣһͯܲʣ֪û취ŪˮҲͲҪ 

ЦЦ㽲ºòã 
ĸСµģ¶֮ɫ룬ڵǰһֻÿԱ˯˯˳ԣķʷʵģһ쵽˰׵ʱˡ 

أ亮Ŵ۾ú 
ͱˡԺ󣬻Ʈүү뵱ʲôѽֻ룬õʵ̫ˣ֮ףһ 
үӦ𣿡 
Ӧˡֻһ˵ֻÿһԼķһɵġԭү⣬һֻ 
亮Цԭģ 
ؿһۣЦ 
Ǹ˵ؽ£˶ڶҲʲôԼԽԾѾˣȴûʲôʾһȴѳסʣҼ 

Ǻͷõĸս书пɣֻΪ³çƢ꣬Ĺ 
ﵭصʲôˣ 
˵һ仰û˵꣬Ѿ֪˵æסڣͷԼˡ 
￴ҸӽЦѵҲôЦЦɣ 
˵ǺúȻûзЦЦֻЦȴиƵģȻԣЦҲЦ벻令ʱȻ˷ȤֻϣԺҲЦó 

˵վһɫ·Ҫ߰ɡ 
Ъŵ̶̵һṦ򣬾ȻҲֺÿһг֣ս֮ͬ⣬˶˼ֿϷ̬ƺЦ֮࣬ҲΪﵣģ֣Ҳ̫֪ʡ͵ĵƣֻ»пͷóԡ 

ĿתԷҲԼ߿ 
ܲܰһ£ 
ʲô 
չҶӣСһ޹ء 
ʵԺ·Уûжֻǣסӽ֣ѡ 
֣ҲûʲôֻȻʱߵÿЩʱߵЩʱûʲôʱҲ̫죬һ书ʧų˵ȴίʵԸϣüﶼˤڵء 

ͷɢңյ֮£ĺ˳Ŷͷ䣬һ縵ϣ촽ȴɵҪѿϵҲѱˮ͸ճϣʹжΪ㡣ͽױĥƤÿһÿһ£ʹüƫƫǲͣġ 

ʱ֪ĽҪǿɱʲôѡʹ֪ҪʮĥҲ˵ 
ͻȻ֮䣬֣˫һУæ첽ϣϧ˫֮ίʵ̫̣һû˵ڵأ 
˵ľУϳȥԶ 
֣һͷЦΣ 
亮ŴӳƵϻߣˤôֱۿдת 
ǿЦЦû£ӣ˰ɣ蹷ӡ 
ʱȻǲϷ 
֣ɫ˱䣬˵Ȼ죬ӭ˹ 





 
һת֮ѾǰΪһ˹˹֣ʡ˵һ룬˶Էģһף֡ 
ׯҲæǰʩ 
Ƕžɽׯׯʥġʣץ 
һָɲ 
ʲôʥüĿ֮Ǹͷ桢ۻ࣬ؤһˣӡеǸʵԶ̲סдһʡ 
̧ͷǿЦӣð 
Ȼ㣡ʥɫһ䣬ߣ㣬¶Ǽأ 
ŭô˵¶ôӣοѲˡ˵תΪȻ¶Ψһһõˡ 
ˣʥһҲãѾͷ֪ܣɱ˽Ҷżҵˡ 
ׯɱģ 
ҽƱ磿ʥһƽһԶҵ㲻ȴĵĶ 
Խ˵Խȥٴ򣬲һɫӰǰ棻亮޵ҵ 
Сʥһ漴ؿ 
Ŀһ˿ɱЦãȱҰ˵һӣ亮ͷ䣡 
ҪȫǰһˣһƿӣֻžһʥĵļͷŹͷѵ 
ʥһ֮ʣ亮Ѿһ˫ֱڻĵׯΪֻ֣ׯһ֮ӦôãǿִṫΪϡ⺢ӣһ书޹뻹ӦƼӶԴ˿ʵ 

֮ɫ֮Ȼ¶һ֮˲òʥΪ𣬾Щ飬λǣ 
ĵׯʶôλǺպ챤ٱ 
ʥĶ˳ưΣѹ֣ѹ֡ϵı鼫ΪӲ 
ƱȶʥĻҪСϼ꣬һѵ룬˭Ҳòϴ֮Թɫ֪֮ìȻγɣ̬չȥڿƣæһת⣬֮·һߡһǣЩ֮ìҲûˡ 

ʱ֣㵽ɽ¡һעĿǳҪ鷳ûн򣬷նʥĵָС·Сɫȫ֮ǰһС¡֮С 

µֻʦʥǷ֧֮ҲһдϿҡ 
СҲ٣ͷȻҲ̫࣬˺סһպꡣ︸Ǳڲ񷿡 
ʦҪɮز񷿣ʥȴƶˣԼءƺȻҪ԰زܰģҲɵȥ 
һʥģһǶ˯Щ˻н飬ΨгǸ룬ûԸͬһ䣬Ҳö 
ҹɫĵƻϨ̸ҲΪڴϣȴôҲ˯ 
ڣ·ͥԺ֮Сϣһ˪Өɫ¹ͥԺˮγ 
ĴӻȡһСĵչϵ¹ƺʵĶ̾ 
ƶŻ˰ε̾˿Сؽ뻳С 
ԼҲ֪Ϊλһϵ˳ԣõ˻ϵƺԾˡ 
ÿ죬Ҫһʱüۡ鶼ѱοϣڼﱾʱ뻭ϵǴྶͥһӾ˳ 
صǻһֺܸӵ飬˵ʧʲôԼҲ˵ 
̧֣ǵǳǳİ̺µģΪʲôɱԼأ紫˵ǰ׼ĻɱԼһҲʲôɣʲôĿģ 
ѽ㵽Ǹʲôˣ˻ĥ 
Ӱ˵࣬ȻԼĹƺѾ̫ˡ̧ͷǰͷסЦ֪ʱѾ˲ǰ档 
ȥɣôţ﷢ļֵȴסĽŲ 
ͬҲ˯šһ̫࣬ӦúۣҪ˯š 
ʹ󡢽׵ʹĥƵ⡢ϥǵʹʱĥ񾭣԰˯ 
亮˯Ľűߣ˯֮ˮǲͣ¡ӣĵϧΡԲںĿʹȴ޷ۿ⺢ܵԼۡĺֻѽ 

֨ѽһſһС죬һӰὫŴϡ 
˭ 
Էûлش 
ŲŲסӣ㲻˵Ҿͽˡ 
һִֻ³ס죺Уҡ˵Ŀܻţг 
㣿ʥģʲô 
ʲô㻹֪𣿡ʥĵϢЩ٣һ˫ָǺＱ̽½󣬡֪Һ㣬ˡ 
㡭֣⿪֣ϧģžɽׯεȵͷȴһӣͲ´ȥѣ 
ᴫȥġʥ˫ֲͣЦôҪǿˣǶϲ˵ģ֪ 
޿֣Ҳֻһܷȷץסʹ 
ţһУȴǶʥ䲻ߴ˿ 
С㣬㲻¸ʥİյߣϷŪ 
ҧ 
ƫͷȥȴʥİϢţҺú㡭ţôôӣǸҪģҶϲˣҲãʡ˼ôӣ 

ḧĲӣʱҼе˶Ķࡣһ㣬ͷˣԲһҪ㵽žɽׯ͡û뵽Ȼ¶˽顭 

˵תΪԹſﲱҧһڣƺһ漴ԳԵЦˣѾͷѾˡԹԵĸңҿԾӣ㶼ûйʲôӰɣһú㣬Ұ֣Ҳ԰Σ 

Ŀ¶Ū֮ɫĵ㻹û˯ţôˣ 
ʥɫһ䣬סĲӣֱѣ֣ЦҾ֪ô˵ûϵһʱ俼ǵġ 
ڴҪôϻ 
һġʥЦţֽ⿪ 
֪û˻Լ۾оӱ˫˶ĵڸԼ壬ҲûţһԼҿţһжʱӿͷûһ̱ڸԼܣ 

еģ̼ǰҲһϣԼҲţƾһŰʱͶԼģҲݣǡֻЦأ 

Ȼ˫ͣʲôˣ 
ŶʥĵȣҲ˼ȡ 
ʥɫ˼䣬ϿӣҲıſڣһȥˡ 
µͷµʵ 
֮𣿡 
֪ʱ򿪣һڴϣ¹⿴壬ϵơ 
Ŀ֮г˳мζ 
վԼŻĵΣΣ޹ذɣ 
ĬˣƲᣬƾ޳ܣ̾һҿ㣡 
һ΢ļͷЦ¿ģֺֹһˣ 
ܺáӰΣＷ֣һΣʧããҹɫ֮С 
죬תͷޱؿſյĴڣģһŪ΢Ц 






 
Դ֮󣬳ƾû˵ȻҲϸǹһ죬ʼסˡϢʱ۾̲סķʱҲ߿ͻĪؽţĿԼɨûκ̲ͣסʧ 

Ȼ֪ﲻʲôڴʲôԼʵҲ 
һϺ˼룬ȻԱߵЩ춯һ֮¿ȥֻ֮Уʱа׹·𰵲ɱ 
ͷˣЩĿж¶֮ɫ˸ǰսбǶϽΣһֱܵ 
ȻסȵηӢۣɣ 
䣬˷֧ͬһ˴֮¾ֵίʵ̫̫ܣȺСѽĺѾвˡĻǼƥػ׷м·ϡ 

ƹƣȺף˸Ϊս˱ض࣬еҲҪţׯλǰ濪·ΧһȦڻߣɳĳϺ󣡡 

ͻˣ˷ʩҲУΧһսɱ֣һƬյ֮ϡ 
û˱ɱмڣ߽϶ҩҲΪ˷ 
üǵˣʵڱӣ֪ʲôˡ˵⿴һۣǳġ 
ʥĺһħ̣˭ôҪ£˵ͷ 
νħָ̡ɲ̡ɲֱħ֮⣬οЩ˵书¶쳣ˣ͸żֹأоΪݣ֮Ϊħ̡ 
ʥôһ˵Ҳֻħ̲ܸɵó£׷ 
֣мʹֱ𳤽ǰħ̴İɣɱ㣬ȷ 
Ƹļҿħ̴ΪҪɱ 
ҲϹȰ裺ħ̵ͽֻħɱ֮ģǻҪǿҡ 
֣ԲƣĻȴܲӣһ޷޵һߣħȺˣǲĿĲݣ֪ǻʲôֶΡιҲħ̵ˣǵֶܸ֪ɣһ䣬ȴǶ˵ġ 

Ȼɾ˵׼ˣҲɱҲҲˮ¶ 
֣ڵ¶ûָˣǶԼˮҡ˵һ룬Ȼ֮ס˿ڣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥɫҲˡ 
³ʱرΪһ׼˳ʳˮϮʱڻУЩǱˣȴÿ֧ˮҶѱ䴩ʧ˴롣ԷĿһʼͲˡ 

ûˮȵӼֱӶԷп˾ 
̧ۿ˿ɫ̾˿Ǿܵ˴ʲôˡ 
Ȼô˵Ƿƽȹ˭Ҳûеס 

һ죬˶ʱħ̵ϮȻֱҲûжôţҪ˯ģ⣬˷ֳҹ 
ƱڵڻǰҪ˯ȴһҽоѣոշһҽѴ 
¶ޣ˯ڻԣҲ¡ҽеԭ˯ģȴѱϣˡ˴ûסǵĲӣȻ𣬵˲Ϣ 

˷һ̽˰֦ϵȴʲôҲûз֡ 
ʥĵɫѾˣʱ˰أȴһ㶯Ҳû˵ֶʵûԤ⡣㿴ңҿ㣬һӽŵֱͷ 

˯ٽЩĪҪ˯¡ 
ʵ˵˶ôˣֻﻹ˯֪ԷԴ˾ǵľȴƫƫ޿κΡ 
һҹҲֻ︸˯İȡ˵һжûʲôֱ 
ڣһƳ͸֦ܵҶ䵽ʱҲˡڰȻԶߣΣȴǱš 
۾˹ͬʱҽҲ 
Ѿѵģΰѵģûѵģ˶һҽо˶룺֪һ˭ 
ĸսһƬݵϣ֮ɫĺϺȻһֻĿӽһ룬ȻСʱ򱻰ɱġ 
һס˿ҲѱɫȻôս̫׾Ǹϲˡ 
ʥļ򣬰οһҪˡ 
һ죬һ졭֣ظ⼸֣ĺϵɫǿ£ȻеһǾͶҪˣǡǾǻŵģ 

첽ǰ㣡䵽أɱ㣡 
һֱڰܾĶӣ״Ҳţƿ亮Ŷʥ˵ׯҪѽ 
˶֪ʥĺɱ֮Ȼȣ˶ֻ֣Żˡֻг֪£ü 
ʥļҶڿԼ飬ѾȻֵ˵Ļ㲻ҿǼǵú 
㡭˵ʲôʥļҪ¶Լĳ£鼱֮ǰ̧һŽ߷ɳȥ 
ײϣ߳ѪȴأЦ˵ֻҪҡδ˵꣬˶ʥһơ 
ʥ˵˵ȭŲֱƵȹ֣ͣԺ޺޵صҪ˵ԼĹ 
ſֲջߣ˵ʧ׼ҲϾȥ˼ʥĵġʧ̾˿ǻǸ·ɡ 
亮ŬѸ׷𣬿̫С֧壬ۿ׾ҪڵϣֻУȻһֻ˹ҸһУ漣վˡ 

˵ֵǳơ 
ЦЦʾл⣬ȴСǣ˿ڣ̲סһ 
ƵüͷȻýģŭǺȤô 
ЦЦ˵ȴǰ˽еˮԴˣˮˣ 
ǰȻȵˮֵĿ϶ԼԿһذ״ˮ 
ѿʻˣһˮԴ鲻ԽǰȥҲ¶ϲɫ 
૵ǰ㣬ǷҲֵ¶ˡ 
ôһ˵벻æеҵһȣˮж 
ѾſϪϣһˮҪˣһ⻰ŵһϡ 
ħ̵ıٴҲϪˮ¶ɣ˵˼ױȳܵö࣬Ҳܵ 
Ȼɲ̵ֶûҲӦ˵ȻǶҪţҲûʲô취 
ۿ峺׵ϪˮʶڴֿɼĵطƫƫܺȣʵǱʲôܡ뵽ħ̵ֶΣȴ˭ҲΡ 
֣Ȼ߹ȥһѽϪߣȺȿ 
ǲ֪Զæֹħʲôֱ𣿡 
ĿɨˣϣֹܳЩȴһɫľȻ˵۾ϣȻ֣ΪѾĬˡ 
ѵҲͬô 
ɿһ¼ȨҲֻˡ 
һ䣬ŭЩơ塯֣ĳںΪ飡ôһ˵˴ͷȥ¶֮ɫ 
֣ЦٱȻλͣȻˣΪβɴԶҲǶ˺ˣ 
ãҺȣŭǰһϪˮȥִߵʱ΢΢һ٣鲻Խһۣһͷȥ 
˭Ҳû뵽ȻĸҺȣһʱסˡ˰Σ̽ʵٱΣ 
ưһܣδκ״ǻҡҡͷһȿֺϪ߱ȥƿǵıӰвΪԭĬ 
벻⵹ǻмֹ֪ʱѾߣһڽ˿̾Ȼ˼ּ֮⡣ 
ˮԺг̾ͱÿˣħɵӰҲ漣ĵ˼֡һа·Ȼͨһ˵ȥ 
˻ΪħϮ²쿴ûз춯ŷ˷εˣʵôˣ 
˵Ҳ֪Ϊʲôͷһһεúܡ 
˵꣬˽еҲͷΣ 
Ҳǡ 
ĪϪˮйжԼȴΪû£ţȻһѣЩˤڵء 
еϪˮжҪСˡ 
˵ãһ˵⻰˷Ӿ֮֡˽еãħ̡ħϮˡĩһȻѾ˶֡ 
ǰǰããһƬֲ˭˭𳤽ܲ͸磬κ˿ǰֻͷԽԽ裬ֱԽԽأͷ䡱һ죬ʲô֪ˡ 

֪˶ãоʲôڲŪ壬һϤ˵ 
ˡ 




 
ˡ 
ͷϷϤǳֱĽе 
Ժǰ£ˮԴжϮһ𣺡Ϊʲôأ 
ڲǵϮĵطһƬ֮Сʥģħ˶ѲӰټһƬطֻ︸ˡ 
ǣŶɲץ˰ɡ㣬ȻҾġ 
ǱһһͷȻңȻڰ࣬İ߰ѪҲȻɼȴѲʵַɣʹ˺ 
óƳԾϵѲˡ 
⿪ˡ 
˭⿪ģԿϲȷô 
֪ʲôĵֶԿףֻҪһͷͽˡ 
ЦЦһˣǻ漼ܡ 
Ѩ 
Ҳ⿪ˡ㲻ΪζҪŭʥôȻҲЩ֣ûϲá֮ʱҲͣ任ǶȣȭڽѨλϣͬʱд߶֮£ѨȻͽ⿪ˡ 

ʱֻΪͼһʱ֮죬ȴԭȻǿƣ˭Ҳ󲻵Ƴһļơ 
лǰǱᣬҲ̲ػһ䣬˶٣ʲô⾡ʣ֮ǰһָ㡣 
СΪʲôңԼ仰ʱȻ١ 
ΪʲôתĵЩν֮УҲֻ㻹ˣ 
˵仰亮ͷҲص˳ȥ 
ıӰԶֱؽеȵȣ 
ʲô£ 
վ޹ģΪʲôȥ֤˿ 
ŲͣסתԴľĲɣѵ㻹ףȥˣû˵ͷѵ˺üˡ 
ģһᱣ㣡 
㣿¶ڽ֮⣬ƾʲôңҪ˾Ǻˡˣģ㡣 
׹ȥһƽӹһʱˡĻһֱСĵղߣ֪ô䵽С 
һ±ƵĸоֱҪΣҪġ 
Ҫ£Ҫ֪ҡﻰģиԵĲмߡ 
ƽջأڰ̾ģֻǽԼͬʥһˡ 
 
Ǹڸǡ 
亮һߣһ߻ͷԶԶںĳƣССĲѾϸ׵Ľ࣬ʱ̶еΣա 
̾˿ֺγ֪ںţֻѡΪӵϥ룬²ˡ 
㵽 
ֻϣܸһȥ 
ҲأƲɣ 
ȻᣬҲܣѾˡЦЦһһֱ㣬ֱıΪֹ 
ΪһҪҹȥΪֹ壿 
 
ܺáҪԼסһ߷͸ɣҿʲôʱ򣡡 
亮ŭĸףֿ΢ЦŵĳƣȻܵߣ˵壬ǺˣҵҲǺˣ˲Ҫˣòã 
෽ػǸӣ亮ССУ廹Ǻкøеġ 
ڳ˵ĸƿƵģ̲סЦˣͷҪɲҪ 
һľԴҲ˵ͨĻƺˮҪˡ 
Цں治ظš 
־һӣѵסȥ·ϳƬέŷ粨һ㡣έУֻɴȥ 
һƣ᲻Ữ 
ͨһ 
ܺáֱڴһУҲδʹǴӴͷȵڰϡԼŻˣһģˤڵء漴һ䵽ߣԶԶӸ㣬Ĵǰˡ 

ץʱϵĶѱߣæҲûȡءǳƵġҪǮҪػŴ︸еϾɫ亮ſڴͷˮ 

㲻ỮôһʣǱԹ 
ѽ 
ǡ 
 
Ҳ˵Ʊʹˡ 
￴Ž棬Ҳ֪ʲôȻЦ 
Цʲô 
ЦҺȻ룬ɲǶðջᣬֻ⴬ϴʱˮ棬书ٸ߻ֻ־ܵķݶ 
ֻ˵˵ϴ׾иˮⶴʹˣסĴģҲˮ 
ô죿ˮ𣿡ǺѼӣ򶨣Ҳɻˡ 
ᵹǻᣬҲϲŪʪ塣ץ𴬽һ֧ԶԶ˳ȥûˮУָܿ 
ˮƮ 
ƶʱ˼޵Ӧ䣡 
ﵭصҲ㲻̣жٴԵ 
һٺҵĴ£ÿ˵ޱȣ˵һΣվأϸȴûС 
ûаɡȴѾˡҲֻľӦ䡣ﵭ˵ȴû˿ɫüƮһ˿ıϧûӣԾϴδȣһ֧Ҳ˳ȥ 

УۼȻЦҺȻ룬ǶԷڰ֮ʱѣɾˡ 
δ䣬֧ѴӰ˹ 
ǺǺЦ㻹񣡡챤ٱɲ˵֣׷ױնΪϡֽӹһ֧ȥһħͽؿڡ 

Ϊ׵ħͽۼ޷óѣХһ˲Ų³С 
ˮ·߲ˣֻдСҶϣʲôЦˣҺȻ롭 
ھ仰һüͷ亮ס½󣺡˵ˣ˵Ӧˡ 
ЦɵӣҾǲ˵Ҳġֻ룬Ȼһ 
һһŴȻӿ 






 
һһŴȻӿ 
ܴ󣬳ֵҲȷʵͻأһ⧲һþһ˵Ҷ˷ﱧӷԾƶͬʱöʯӣϵȥ 
йħͽӦء 
жˣһɣЩļʲôã 
ԷȻҲѾһ㣬һգʮħͽ߳ɺΧ֮˿£ 
ˡĳƵļ˵ 
أ 
̾˿ûлشֻӣһ͹Ĵʯ£Ҫǵ̫á 
ǵ鷳Ϊƴȴƿ²ؼӣֱЩЦˡ 
һħͽˣȵҪҵֻһˣɵ˿ 
ҵȷǲһ˵һ߳漴˫Ŀһ̧ⱬ䣬ֻǻû£ 
һֳڣҲӭȥһڷ裬֮ħͽ׷׺ˡ 
亮ڸ׵ϣ˫ȫעعעս֣Ȼ˵ֻỮֿϰǳӡܣԺܷ㡣 
ͬصͷҲڿ⡣ 
ʮħͽ书Ȼԭ֣ǿҲһ֡ϧǳƣĸ֣ 
ͬǸ֣ķֱȴԺȥģƤҰο˵ģʮһħͽʮһ迪ȴƵ½Ҳûմϡ 
ʹˣŵЩ˻Ҫһʱ䣬ƲŶͷ΢΢ˮתȥʱ︸Ѿ˯ˡ 
ȷе˵亮˯ˣڸӲĿˮԹôô 
ʲ죡 

ĽӴ֮УƷȷʵദħ̵ˣŶмֹƧԸһЩ춾һЩĵػ̫ȻҲἸԼ 

Ҳ²ΪֳӲƢӦò٣˰лݺҲδ֪ 
߱ǺбҪģȻ壬һҪʵݡÿָʹʱƾôԼ˵Ƿ񱣻͵óǮܵûôࡣ 

֮褴ƸǣһԸһԸ 
ǰȻһߵ֣亮ױڻ˯㣬Ƹں棬Ĺ۲µĶԷħˣСѣѾԶԷ˱ڵʶ 

Ȼһ޵ƵĶСȻҲˡ˶һۣսǰ鿴 
ǴǰԶģȻûзκ˵ӰӡһϸһǴӵϷģ 
ȻźĻҶϸͻᷢһͻ𣬲ҶºȻһˣ 
˵ƼҪ 
Ϊʲô 
ϢкüˣѪѾˣ־ѣҲƺܾˡ 
ѣ 
ûõġҲ˹һϪˮɲ̵ҩͷԲ塣 
ȻܽĶҲһȵԸԸȾ˵ˡ 
Ȼ۾ΪʲôҪ 
̾˿֪֮ûõģֻʣѵ֪ӳ 
һһУҲ֪ͳһҩ¡ǰûȥ 
ΪλѣעķӦã¶֮ɫﲻѵĽҩǼٵģҪûɱԱ֮ 
Ƿɡǰһƾ𣬷§⡣ 
ƾҪʲôֹֻ桱һתѡ 
ɱȻּ֣㵱ҸЩʿһôﾹǿ˳Ƶ˼м֮ɫ 
֪ԼɣԶԡ 
˵֮䣬ҲǰĳһٿһҪվȴǣϵ˿ڣסƺһ 
Īǲ㲻һָġֻ֪ôأ 
ɵĿػת˼Ȧ̾һˣˡ 
ж֮뵽ħ̵Ĺתúܿ죬Żң͵һ㵽һԵĲݴԵСħ̳֣һɱ¾ǵĿƺֻ˶⣬ûӰ׷˳ȥû⵽ 

Щȥأһ·ӽʱذ״Լѣӵڼֲס˹ȥ 
²β˵ꡣ˵ˣͿϲסȻסƵ֣ٱڴҶϵˣɲҪҲܣڵ״ʹûħ̣Ҳ߲Ƭֵġ 

ίʵΪˣͬеЩҲ޺øУദ죬ǲҲЩ˸Уּ⸱ģ֮ģ̲ס 
һӣͷҲص˳ȥ 
ðɡ̾Ϣţ˵ͷ 

ǰЩ˵ĹͷʲôزǼʶˡ 
Ǹˣɷ족仰ϵõõڹ֪͡Ҫ̱˲л·Գƺ̬ȼֱô̹ǡƼֱܹԲǰЦġ 

ּ¶ޣæҪˣȴڿʰֶҶ̺˵Ĵ̡ 
ƿææӰǲм̲סúͷõˣεݣȴΪ˱϶Ҫˡ 
ҲڿĵͻȻڲſء 
亮ڸ׻С죺ҲϲǸЦ塣 
˭ϲŹ֣췭˸ۡ˵ʵϲǸˣµҲĽУܾЩζ˶ġ 

յüڲӿ֦ڻǰʵŨŨḷ́ŵսζƲӰ죬һ˿΢Ц 

ֻǣһЦݾЩ졣 
ԽԽŨǺζһ˿ 
ãȻһסӵıϢƵɫҲˡ 
ж 











 
ж 
ʧеʴɢ 
ɫԵúܾţԴʹΣ֮ʱԼҲʼģδдʧɫʱʴɢʲô綾ɫ 

ʴɢģӳϣԹħ̣ӦöֶĶʮж֮ǧ򲻿һͻѪʱ򣬴ɶȲ㡣 

ĪͶħ̣ƶҲЩ˽⣬Ȼ֪Щ޳ܣȴû뵽Ȼ޳ֵܵزһ֮ȻΪ˱Ͷݵħ̡ 
¶һ˿ɫܿȥҲûа취ʶʱΪܣħĺǸ˶ǲԣͻᶾö뵽˶ʱĲ״ϵļһᡣ 

𱦽︸ӺͳǰĿɨЦħֻҪһˣҴãҵĻһῼǷŹˡ令ٱ 

ʵʹͳģҲ򲻻ŹκһˣȻܰĵĻȥ˾ĺͷô˵ֻϣҲ¶̰ģ,ͺʱһ㣬ŻƽһЩ 

ƱѾ۾ʱȻ˵ϣһ¡ 
ʲô 
Ƶĵ˶ıʲôҪҪΪԼΪ˸һ 
ӿڵٲһ䣬èץİϷҪΪԼɵϣΪҲһǱ 
ĻϬ顣 
˲ɷ裬߳ŭһ亮ЦܺãǶǴˣйͲ֪СǷҲһ 
˱ֵĵЩĻСһЩԽ飬Խŭֻ֪ǶԵģƫƫԼ 
ſҶӣɫһ䣬Ҫվ᲻һ˿ 
ģ㲻ǺӲôɱСӣɻӲ 
Ҫ 
ۼƾҪ亮ͷһȥɵĺӾͻԽѶƱ۾ٿ 
һȣƻҺ𣬶ҺǾģ 
Ʋſۣ嵹ɳȥԽѣʵʵײһϡ³Ѫ˫ĿԲ֮ɫȻˡ 
⼸±ʵ̫죬һʱ侹ûŪʲô¡عͷͬӦǶõ˿̾վѿڵԭûж 
ˮһԲһ˿Ѫȴӽյ߳Ҳ˿Ѫˣ˾Ƿ紵һƬҶӣص˵ϡ 
 
ôˣ 
ĿϢ˺ܾãŻſ۾Ӽ΢΢һЦû£ҩˡ΢ȫƽʱ 
֪һǽҩſڳˡأ 
ԣվ 
㡭 
ڰ֣ʾҪ˵ȻЦЦ뿪ɲʱ֪ǲŹңԤЩҩԱʱ֮衣ЩҩȻóȿȣ 
Լۡһ³һѪ 
亮ôˡ 
Ҫվе𶯣ĽҩûЧһѪͻУ 
񲻡 
Ц˽ҩȴû㹻ʱ佫ȫƳڶѪѾȫҲ˵ûжúûˡ 
ô᣿ 
ָ亮˯ѨϡڶӵĿֻѹ 
ֱֱĶųƣҲȹ㣬һ£Ҳƴǣǲǣ 
¶֮ɫЦŲ䣺ģҲɱ˷Żġ 
˵ʵѾµˡ 
չҶӡ 
ɫ԰ף۾ȴȼһŻ 
УƿеκԵĿ󡪡ֻ漰亮ʱŻ¶飬һ׶Զӵذ 
ʵ޷ܾһ˫۾ֱصͷġ 
ЦˣȻеظ˵ĻġľԴĺôһ㡪㣬Ҳġ㶾һ⣬ʹߣҪļȻңֻҪһͲΪǡҲҩɾˡ 

ʵǺģԴӣҾ¼ȥǣԽˣԽ죬ϲŪˡ 
ḧ亮ĶͷĿ¶ްᣬġʹΡ 
ҲԽԽᣬʧҹɫ֮С 








 
ľ¥,ǼƹݡջΪһģ¥֮һĹģڴ䲻˵һĻеģҲС 
һ󳵴ӱԶ۶¥ǰʱϳһƥ˻һͣ¡ 
ϳǸɫӵ꣬һӢôҲһ³ȥĴյĵš 
˭ѽ 
һ¥ֵطŶ̫硣ţֱǶ硣룬˭һȾơͶꣿưĴҪʱ̣ȴһͨʶ𣬱һӵĻⲻʶôļһһż꣬ˡ 

͹ʲôԸ 
һ밢С׼һϷҪ죡 
˵߻ǰһӣһСӳ̽ȥһ 
˵ȫ±ޱ˸ʵʵֻһͷɢ棬˿⻪걧ĶʮСģ룺ĪǸŮӣĪһڳ⣬ӲȾ˲ 

ʵҲ٣ֻǴɷûӢҲûСɰ 
֪ģʵںĺܡ˽ţ쳤˲ӣͷȴһƬҲ 
㻹ȥ׼ֱ㶣겻üͷ 
 
ϽгƹĵǼǣǵ˺ԺƧһϷ⵱ȻҲҪġҲŽȥźţСһЦ顱һţ˵ÿ죬ӶҪײˡ 


Сţɫʱˣ첽ǰŵĿꡣ 
壬ҵôˣ 
ޱѾʲôŮӣ뷢Ǹغӡ˫Ŀգɫ԰ףһûҲǲˡǿֻҪʧý 

˵ȻǳƼ︸ӡ 
ͳһҩС漴ӷԼϥؽ壬ҩ췢á 
Լһʱ䣬ͷð̣һһεϸĶͷðɫȴʼЩ΢Ρᡰ桱һſ۾ 
ˡСϲɫ 
ЦȻ̧ḧӵͷҳԵʲôҩ仰ȴʳƵġ 
Ĵ󻹵 
ѹ֡ͷ漴¶һ˿ЦĶҳ˲˷ô 
ᵽĴ󻹵˴󶼻¶۵ɫǿ˲ʥҩܵһǼѣʵƷеƷˣҲֻܵһʱ֮дһʡ 

Ѿ뵽ķˡ 
ķӦΪƽֻ۽Ǽɿһ˿ʡ亮ļشߴ٣壬˵ѽ 
˵ɽӡ 
һǸ˫ҽ˫񹦶˫ƢŹ˫ɽӣ 
ǡ 
ﳤ˿˻ȵңƢƧ־ͨѧ˵˵ϲжҽ߶ŲɣοӶ꣬˭Ҳ֪ľҽҵ֮ǰѾˡ˵ȻһЦ֪ܱϣȻ 

һЦʹֻۣѪڣץסļ򣺡ҲģֻҪҵҾа취˵ֱƺһžԼʧ̬ſ֡ 
Ҳأ 
Ǿٽңϻ󻹵㹻֧һʱ䣬ǲͣңܻҵģ 
ܿºͳȵĳ¶е飬ǼᶨĿ⣬˲Ծĸе˵һжпܵġ 
ӰΣн˹ʣƫͷȥãŵΪʲôôң 
ΪҲܿΪΪʲôأôҲ˿۾ʱǷֿ־壬´ӴҲʱֻһͷҪȥ 
ǣ⻰Ҫô˵أΪҲ̿źôСʧȥס 
˶٣ŵֻҪܼҾȡ㣬κ˶һ 
ȷǱˣҲȣ޷ˡֻͬǷݸоʲôо 
ˣԽΪ飻ǸŮӣԽΪĽ 
ɣʲôǣ 
ֱûа취ȥжĶʲô 
ѽ任ıУֹã³֡ᣬᣬ̾Ϣ˿ 


˵ҵô 
֪˵ĺƯ⼸ҲӰ˭֪ʲôȥˡ 
һԼȥˣǲ 
СǺΪЩС 
亮ǰŸʽߣеˡз糵ֻҪϼõ⣬һӦȫ 
Ȼǳģ亮˵Ϊ˷㣬⸸˰ڿջֶ亮Ҫȥⱻħ̷֡ЩƵġ亮СɽУһδСܲЩòֺ 

ܺѽչң˵Ǹˡ亮ԳƵĺøгɱǸӵĺԲ˵Щ߸ǹû 
˵ֲζ૵صССݾ㣬㻹Ҷô 
һ̲סʣ㣬ǵãĳã 
á 
˭Щ 
亮Դ롪⻹𡪡չһЦȻǵá 
ûЦּһ䣺Ҳһһͺˡ 
˭ǡǡȻԼ׵ĵλܵв̲סǲһ·ģҪֿ 
亮룬ֵˣ˼˵˳׾һӲֿɴͳ׺ˣ 
ȿȿȡʵԼûкˮȻѱǺС׶ʲô˵ܳף 
亮Ŵ۾Ϊʲôܣ 
ܾǲܣ 
Ϊʲôܣ㲻ϲ𣿡 
˭ϲǸľԴοǸӣԺвȻֳ˫ֿ۾ϵĻں䣬˵ڡãɫֻһˡ 
亮һת˵Щʲôȴϣ 
µò棿˵գָ⡣ 










ƶ(10)byˮ 
ʮ 
µò棿˵գָ⡣ 
һδϣ亮ĵǰֻֽѽһȻѾˡ 
书ǿȻܲڸӣ亮ױϰӲ㣬׼ͷһһе֣䷢ڰشȥֽĴתۼѾɸӡ 

򣬱Լˣ 
˭ԼˣȻô˵ʾ亮ͣ֡ΪǱħ̷ټƺֲǡħ֮оûèĹ 
֣ףôˣƲ֪ʱҲѻ˵˵ǡԼˡǲ١ 
ûʲôСĵġ 
亮ȥסƵ֣壬ɻˣոһֻſڴ͵ɼûˣ˵ظδ״˫ĴȴҲڲסЦ⡣ 

˵˵ɫȻѿúܡ 
ƿ˵ΣѾ˰ˡŷ֡ͷЦúӣȻȮӣͷϵĿһҲϳԡһһСٶϣæȻˣǽȥ˵ɡ亮Ƚݡ 

ԴһܣĿͣϡ֣Ҫȵѽ⼸콹״һǸʲôľˣǳٱĻ궼˹ȥҲҪһۣȴԭ̾Ϣʧ֮Ա 

￴˶ʮͣòԭƵӢֻ۽ǵǿۿۣȻ亮ĽͬڳƵĳȣȫ¶ɢһɵɵϢ·㣬ͷ㣬һվһоСå 

һˣʵǺ˲øС 
ﵭĵ㲻˵Ҫɽôôһֻ亮˵ĻȻҲˡ 
˳ʰæһ£λⲻ֪֣ͨҲҵĺѡѰɽһ£ҪС֮⣺ҴСλսӰɡ 

һˡ 
ˣ֣ɽӵϢ 
ⲻ֪һظЦ»ⲻ֪Ҳôڱɽǹȡ 

ɽɽƲ㶸ͣϲģĽͨߡ͡ 
֮һǰһӣصһ̧ƽȣԲȥ 
ھڻϣʱ쿴֪ܵģЩħ̵˾ƽʧˣû˶ʱͳЩ˲ܾװ֣ѵʲôı 

ȻôģΣҲֻһһˡ 
ǰһЦע⣬ǳƺ亮亮ڳƵļϣֵĺܣʱͷȥͳ˵Ц 
˵ͶԵĺܡ׽ģҲ֪ʲôյ÷һ塱һ塱ģֲζ 

˵ˣҲֵĺܡΪһһҲǸ̰֮ʵ֤˻Ǻйġֻѡ塱ַߣȥֱȻЩظ￴мֿɰ֮ϾڽȾУֱǷëˡ 

뵽ȻԼȤԴѲֻһ˼ڶϣĪ˵ӣǾɫŮҲǴӲϵģƣЩˡ 

ǰ˽ͷӶ˵ʲôЦ飬һЦֱۺ졪жܶĻƵǸλӦġ 
ԴˣǸʲôͨⲻ֪֪ΪʲôҲ˵·һ·Ϸϻ࣬˷ʤ 
ʲô˼ 
ⲻ֪һƤЦҿģѵǿӺͱôﲻ 
һγԶˡ 
ô˵ 
һۣ̣Уúѽ 
㡪 
֣ʶ㣬βЩ¸ҽҲǳʶƵǡ۹·˷һгļæתƻ⡣ 
ʵԼֵģⲻָ֪룺ӳһ־㣬һСɽôֻҪһ죬ͻвεȥǣıϻиףһˮ 

ɽһĴ㣬ˮ㣿亮Ŵ۾Ǿ棬Щš 
Ȼеģô㣬иţأ 
˵ⲻ֪벻ȻԼ˵һʱסˣš 
ҼţƤչסĻҲм¥ߣʮ׳̧Ҳ̧ 
ⲻ֪¿ɲ֪ˣ̲סʵôţƤ 
ȻﵭصûôţƤôģ 
̲סЦ˳죬ֲǡֲǡ˵仰ⲻ֪Σɽ·һתǰľʹ鲻Խ˳ 
ˣǹȵˣ 

ԭɽȻѿ߽ȥȻж졣ڴʯϸǱڡǹȡ 
˵³ƣɽǰһ 
⻰ͳȻ󣬵Ա֤˿Ȼ˰ΣȴӰ 
ɽǰһ 
㺰ʲô 
һӰǰûܿĽŲ㲻մأǡƮģ 
ʲôṦΪ 
ҲǺܴ󣬳Ʋ಻ᳬʮꡣĿ忡ɫǹʣʹѩ˲Ʒˡ 
Ƴ˿ֵ鷳̨Ϊͨһ³ƣɽǰ 
ӵشһۣҺôΪڿǰ 
һ仰˵꣬˶Ǵһ 
ɽӣ 










ʮһ 
ɽӣ 
˶ǴһҲ鲻Խ¶֮ɫɽӳ磬˵Ҳʮ꣬˵ĿУͨѧˣǰ׺ͷ˭Ҳ벻Ȼᡣ 

ƺܿʶԼʧ̬һҾµȴ˷ǰǰҽġɽӼȻԸ˽ǰæĿڡ 
ɽĵӶ꣬²ٹʣǻѰɡ˵ųһӣתҪȥ 
ͳһiԣôi߿ҪΪ֮һ£֪ŵǷ 
ɽӶiΣص˵ĻȻֻСҽǲܸĵġ 
һҽ 
ȾѪߣҽѾߣҽĿߣҽ 
ָҿݣдɷοüֳֻ࣬ϡ 
ȻУ˵ЩʲôһЦһ𣬰Уˡ 
ɽһ˫ӿЦʲô 
ЦΪСҽңǡǡҲСɵǣ⡮ҲϵúܡԼҪҽֻһء 
ֻɽѡˣû˸Ҳ֪ëɽӵĵ˵ 
һߣҲڶߣߣ 
ЦŽͣо仰Сҽ߸ĸġеĲ˶һͬʣȫΣȵҽͬɱ˵кֻһֽԷһʹ죻һҪܾĥȥԡġ 

ڵڶ˶˵ɽλҽһֱ֣ˣһҲŻȻԭûտõɴŲɣҲѹ־һһֻ⡮ҽֻ֮Ҳѷʵ 

ÿ˵һ䣬ɽӵɫѿһ֡һԿİģ鲻Խ˺һԷɽͻȻѣҲܼʱʩԮ֡ 
еأ 
ЦˣڸУֻ˶ĿֱֹɣͲ֪¿ڱУԼʲôӣֻǡ 
ⲻ֪ӿڵֻװǻƣ塭ۼɽӺ̶һӴɨһݣһߡ־˻ȥ 
ɽޱ飬ãЦһ㲻ҽƫƫҪҽ㣬Ҫ㿴ǲ֮ 

ǹȵǰдԼһأǰľȻʣľӳУɼһƵľᡣ 
̴ӭɽӵԸ˼䣬нȥˡЩ˼ǲ֮ͣȻҲòʲô֮ 
һǰ˷ԸϲˣλҴȥͺá 
ԭ̧ηʱѱǲأɳƱƵͷۻеˣгɣȻЦݶϣ㻹ɱҲɣ 
Ҳǣ˽˹ȥһӴⲻ֪亮Զһ侫Ϣ 
ﱻӱţΪᱻֱӴȥɽӡõӾƹᣬź˹ȥ 
ȵˮԽǰߣˮԽһС̶֮ϡ 
ҵʲô￴ŷĺ̶ˮкȻ˲õԤУ벻ǡ 
ͨһѱ̶ˮ֮УˮǳúܣＴʹţҲֻûӶѡ 
ϲ࣬᲻ޱ߷֮ˣӻԡ£ܽȥβ 
쵰˭Ҹԡ⺮̶֮ˮģѽ 

ԡ¡ͷȻòһµڱɽӵǰҲʵһ 
ôҲ벻ԭòһ¶Ŀ󾹻˹ˣɱӡ 
ʲôû˳ӢĿˡ˭ںˮб˰죬ż㱻Ūȥ鶼ܺãο 
ɽӱͷȥĵǴȻнģҲаȥ 
νңţɽӵ֮ɽ˽һ֮ϣ漴̴ӡ 
ϣһҽ԰ֻм͸Ͷڵϣ˵ģ 
ڵĶ𽥱Ƴҩ֮ڵĶγ 
ɽ˵ţ˫Ƶĺϡƴڣ֮ѾõѨ忪ѪҲʼֻͨ֫ٺ˵˵мֱ£ҽֻ֮²˵áȫڣͷԻģ֪˯ˡ 

ͻȻһȻǿ˯ﾪѣҲ֮㾹Ȼ˯ˣѵһŭ֮¸ı⣬ȥ 
һЦΪҪ£ҪҲûʲôҪҽҡ 
Ȼ۾Ҽǵ˵˵Ļġ 





ʮ 
ⲻ֪ʵǲףҸƢǰŹ֣ƾȻܵǡǣ亮ǸС˭һ䱸Ͳ˵ˣΩԳƣòˡ治֪ʲôֶΣ 

ڣһһСڷдϷѿһɹһߣ֮£ֻó͸͸ 
ĺɫǹҲжˣ˻δҲ֪Ρǵʱʱ̴ٰӣЩ˲֪㵽ȥˣټһɽȣľƺֻʣһƵġ 

һڹĵй䣬ԶԶֻһӰǵǼͷȥ̲ס׷ȥ 
ι㡭˻عͷⲻֻ֪ͷС䡱һԭҪ˵ʲôһʱøɸɾ 
죡ôôġӣӲ֪ɡĸҲˣǳĸ֣ίʵ벻ʲôǰӡϵÿһÿһ綼˾̾ 

ĳǵӲ죬˫üһʲô 
̬͸żⲻ֪ҲϾϸ룬ĵǹǶﵽʲô˼ 
¶һ˿֮ɫҲеˣҽġ 
ԭҽģɣҲҽġִͬ·ˣⲻ֪ов٣ˣɽƢŹֵýô׿ϵģ 
Ҿ 
ɣǸͷһҲ˻ˣοĶҲһܱȵġ˵ɽһĸ߰ģ˾ᣬȴû뵽Ȼ˸ҵСҲУλǸߵúܣ˿һЩƫɽӾͳһףȻӦˣۣ 

Ŀ㲻ϲλѡ 
ᵽⲻ֪һԹʵ˵ҼҲ٣ 
ѲĻǵһĿͲ˵ˣƢǳҪ죬ֲˡǶͻСҲһӵģ⸸ֱһһССʵһӱҸѹֵ̫ãѵôõһڣͷһ򿪣Ͻˮ಻ 

˵ͷϣ˽е֣ʲôͷһȴǳƴ亮Ҳˡ 
ҡ 
亮һۿӣһſ˳Ƶֱ֣ĻУĲˡ 
һֱһⲻ֪Ŀɿڴۼ亮һһӻȷǳ֮УȴôҲ޷ǰľӡǸªϵ 
Щ֪ؿƣֻڵء 
ͼĿȻеֲһοʱ꣬ɣһɬѵȥȡ֮´£εľס˫ۡ 

ãⲻ֪˿૵صѹ֣ѹ֣һʱȻɻ𾪡鸴Լ 
һۣѹʲô 
ⲻ֪Ǹոջعһ£һָƣѹֳֻ˲ȣԭٺЦɫˡ 
֣˵ҡֻǡҲǡۼɫԽԽѿק亮ͷҲصǰȥ֪ˣæҪ壬鼱֮£ֲ֪Ͳźá 

ɼûһ˿аֻ鲻ԽҪ˽Ҫָ֮ʲôԼҲҳ֮Ϊɡ 
ȻһԼȻǲԾˡ 

ԺļɽƶϾͻصͷϢ亮˭ǰ 
ʵҲʲôƽʱ⸱ģȻڳУȴֲһˡ˼ܱͬ濴ܴЩ΢ие̬ȵǾ̬֮Ⱦͱˣø䣬мǿԶ 

Զ亮Եظеˡ 
Ϊʲôˣ 
СǰҲôѽ 
һġ亮Ҫ˵˵ﲻһƫƫ˵ǲһ 
СԴʵڲʺ̫ӵ˶һȻͳ˯ˡ˯лţҪĳһ档Ȼһߵ˵ϡ 
εҡͷʰӸǺãԼȴ˼·˴ 
򿪴ӣˮ¹ӿ˽ӳһ֪ͨ˭˵ģ¹ģȻϾ󡭡¶ 
ڻΣͳһ֧صֻΪ̫¶ʧˡ 
εӺͨһͷ״׺һ顣ִģֹӣֵǮ¶ȴǵġ 
ڣ¶ȥˣ֧γı 
ǵϣһμ¶ɫҲôôǱһŵȥģȻͿ¶ 
¶һ£վ£еһɾò˼顣ʹؿţϢض 
΢͸ӣ̽ģ޵ 
¶ 
ȫһ𣬴ˣɣţϵã 
ڴ̨һѾԽ˴⡣˳ŲЩģ˲ôˣҪȥ¶ 
һݣǴӺдġģУԼһӰ 
ڶ¶¶ 
һץסεģһ£¶Ҳʧˡ 
 
ǰ׿ʼ任ձΪտͦӡ΢΢üϤģơ 
Ȼɿ֣ʧǵתءǵģ¶Ѿˡ 
ôˣûЩţ׷ȥס֡ 
֣ѱʧɥģ޴йﻹȥˣ 
㵽ôˣɵԶеĪȻᣬ˵ 
֣ 
֮䣬һͬ˵ϡƾѹϡ 
һҪʸΪرܱˣɵؾܾ˸⣿ΪҪԼžȺ֮⡭ 
Ȼֹһ𾪡ŵ¹⣬Կ˳µᡣ 
ˡ 
ſҪǾñʴȴôвƵԸ˼Լ⸱ӣҧƫͷȥ 
δյͷҲã˫ҲգһǿƵĸоӲ˾ 
ǣڣȴһˮ˶һ˫ۣ΢΢ĺ촽ʹһݳϣڵס˳ƵĿ⡣ 
ǱһεħʹڶԷ㵵ע£סƬ촽ӡȥ 







дò̫⣬ҰҿдɽӺͽĵطǲִ̫ˣһϺ׵Ĺ£û취ˮƽޡ~~~~~~~ 

~~~ʮ 
ֻģ봽֮ĽӴȴôҲ벻ƴ֪һǣ˴ħ˲ƿ 
롭ƿ 
ȻѡԼʲôǿһˣæ̧ͷֻһ˫䵽˹﷢۾һգգضԼȫһ 
湻ûУ˾Ϳ 
ޱ飬ûһ¶ȣ֮ƣӦþŵ˿ȴ侲ĳ档侲֮ŭһֻҲ˵úܡ 
һ֮£æңһҲδǱ 
ֱȫ뿪ŷµĴϵĳͺԼҪȥ޹Ƶġ 
ҡ 
˵䱧ǸĻ飬һɣһҲ˵ˣֻεվ 
´ۣĿ֮ɫȻٺЦתͷҲصȥˡ 
žҹɫ֮УĽŲÿһ̤ڳƵϡıӰʧ֪ӽ˼ĹϵҲزǰˡ 
ҹ紵ϣȴ˿ûиеӶԼʲž˵ľٶԼȥӰ 
Ϊʲôأֻǵõʱͷһȣʲô֪ˡΪֻԴڶһĺ棬Լ޷Բ˵ˡ 
Ҫ侲һ£úһԼʲôݸΪȥֻ½᲻ʰ 
ߴԶأ¹µһע⡣ 
һֻΣѿ״ 
¶ӣµģԼҲ֪ΪζԴôУףҪʱΪλһ˿ϲá 


Ĳɽӳصﱳϵ˫ƣĵӦ֪й֮ʱɻıв߻ħ֮ݡ 
νľġ 
һȾ 
ƵĿһۣһ˿˿˾ͲЦ⣬̨ʱʱڷãĪʹȾ 
Ȿ´һʾķʣ滹һʣ᱾̨һδǳһɨСɳֻġ˵ʱˣСɳ͸콫²Ϊ档 

ǷҵʣȴҲ㣬˶ꡣ֪Ҳûʲôϣ棬ֻֻѡǰһ˵мƺ⣬ɽü΢ʲô˼ 
ûʲôֻ룬ԶȺĹ֮У£ˣסøɸɾһȾľˣ 
ЦһҿðɣһȾֺαؽƽʽ֮Ȼң̰Ȫ֮ˮҲȻľ֮ˡ 
ͷһ˶ɽ˵Ļ˵統ͷȡඥһ㣬Ĭãʣأ 
һЦں쳾У˭ܲ಻壬Բ塣 
֪Ϊʲôһ˲䣬ɽƺϿԼӰӡضһβſˣΣ̾һŷ֣ʵһˣֻҪסһҪסȴһġ 

Ҳ˰ΣҲ̾˿૵ҵȷһˡȻ뵽ʲôʧЦڲ֪Ϊһͻ࿴˳ֻۣ򡭡ֻʵ̫ˡ 

ôһЦɽյΣҲݸһЦ֮У˼ԭһҲΣʣµֻԵиУͺһһֱԳ;ˣͻȻҵͬ顣 

֪ҵʱΪҪ 
룺㵱Ȼ֪ǼҲ֣ˣûɿģôΪλҪң 
ֻʹǼҲû˵ǰáûԸԼðաɽЦЦǵһҵڶײҵˣˣһϣ̫ 
ﳤ˿ʱֻ룬ˣҲɱһɱ˵棬벻ţ˵ҲɽƢ̫Źֻ֡ԼҲôۣԼԱŹ֣Ҳ̫ǫ顣 

УǸ챤еiҲԭ֮һʦǷһ飬ƱҪģҲҵһ׮¡ҵЩ֣˿ǸйоصӵܣȻ㳶˽飬˲ľ㡣 

ɽӵɫ͸żζǸԱ˵Ȥˣ֪Ϊȴͳ֮ĹϵʵЩ֡ȴûע㣬ʵϣᵽƣͳ 

ҺûκιϵҲδóںġ 
ԭˡ 
ɽЦЦȻҲͲ׷ȥסˣ̲סʣЦʲô˼ 
ûʲô˼ֻǾһԹߵĽǶ˵ҾȻػҲڲͬ 
⻰Щˣ｣üһ㵽˵ʲôҶôڲͬˣ 
㿴˲ͬԼ֪ô 
һɫһ˼䣬ͻȻѱϣҪˡҲɽ˵ЩʲôҴҵȥˣй׷Ƶġ 
һˣҶʵԵÿտ٣ɽӸֶչӰóһһӰԹµôվţҲ֪ʲô̾˿ 
΢˹ˣ˭飿ҵˣֻϧƺˡ 

νԩ·խڲʵʱ䣬ʵĵص㣬ü˾ôˡ 
סķͰųƵģˣǸߵſڣϳƴӷг˴˸档 
Էһ֮ɫתΪĮȻЩҡײѰ֮ܿͻָ˴ݣл˵ 
Ҳ첽߹ȥݣȻԥĹţ³һ˶Ŵŷ㶣һҹĻڶ֪ø˭ȥ˵ 
̾˿ߣ˭ֿ֪ˡҺأ 
ҷ˯ˡ 
ƱΪһҪȥӣȴһֻ鸴ӵĿԼۣȻ 
ɣҲл˵ 





ʮ 
һأһж·𱻸⣬ؼƺֻʣˡĪȫһ֪ﲻΣȴȻеЩִٲȻЩʲôԼҲ˵ 

վڴߣʲô飬ֻƽȴִڵĮһֱһ¡ 
ʲô 
Ϊµİң 
ҡ 
˳۵ͣȴ˳ֹ֮У˵Ӧǲ죬ȴҪңشĴ󻹵ȴԥĸˣǿiɽΪ֮һ£ϲ֪ж֮ãȴԸⱦԸ˷ϡ 

ת峺䣵ĿֱƳƣ˵㵽ϵõʲô 
ֱĿǼʹ£ֻĵǵԼ̫¾Ҫһˣ̲סͷȥ 
˵ֻǲܼȡǵĻҲȷǳģֻǾ¼ԵЩ԰Լ첻ܿ϶еʵˣô 
ص˰죬ȴĻشֻϤϸϸƲؿȥһʱͨ죺㡭ʲô 
Ѿ˵ϣҲѽ⿪һ룬¶Ƭ𪼡ҫƲҶ࿴Ҳ˹ȥ 
ΪʲôҿⲻҪôά´ģƵǰһĨŪ΢Ц֪ʱѹߡ 
˵ʲô 
ЦһװʲôֹѾֵúôһǮƱλʣߣƤҶѣѵóٱȤȻҲҰϧҲϲǷ˵顣 

ƼԼĶ䣬ȫȫ⼸仰͸ʱ򣬴δеŭҲֱڳţҵʲôˣңҲԼ 
û㣬ʲôָųƵѣҶδйͷ 
˵ûУȴ֪ôԼΪ 
ش𲻳ˣġ˾ӡʵöˡǰʥĸûֻǹĳ֮Σ㣬һһֱͣ˿ʼ㣬¶Ŀһжƣ 

˵ңԶļڽصѳһ˺ۣһţ˲Ÿɶ񣡡 
ǵģȫŤԼһ⣡ƽסô룬֮Ծ㣬Ϊ̰ͼʲô 
һֱõΣֻҲϣ⣬κ˶һǧ֮ӣֻҡֻҰ㣡 
һ仰˵ڣסˡȻţҲԼ鼱֮µﾪôˡ 
ʵϸ룬һвѽ͡ǸŮӣԼֻˣֻǸӣԲųٳ޷ţݾ׵ĸ龪ᷢԼϣҲڼǷʼԼ˽ȥֻһֱҳϡ 

̾˿һʱ嶯ԼҲ֪Ϊ޷͡Ȼ㲻ңҲûа취ΪԼ֤ʲôĶѾòˣ书ǣӦòʲô˵£һ뿪Ҳǰ 

̧˿һۣȻûκαʾǲɳһ˿Ц 
ˣýˣݲĸ飬˼֮ǰ˺á 
ˣ㡭أת˳ȥ 
￴ıӰʧƺһ˲Ȼܿģֹƽ 
ѽһ壿 
ֵһƬյأյصиССʯʯϰỴ̈ӺͰɱңȻһŵȴֻɽһˡ 
ָ£ûԹɽһöӣ̧ͷһ֮£üͷ΢ɫã£ 
ﲻʯ£һʲô˼㡣 
壿 
Сҡһöӣһһ£ǡǡӵȥ· 
ȻǸ֡ɽӵȻϷ΢Цһ˳УרİɣҿįĪʲô֮£ǲ 
ʲôʱϲ˼ҵˣ˫ֻ̣˲Ը̸ 
ɽȻǶ֮ˣЦ 
൱ɱ˸ѽѷ֣ɽӵİԴơӣٳٵûȥĶһͻˣʵӦ˵޴󰭣˹ȫӰ졣 

ƾ֮㣿 
ΪһӮɽбһۣûգֻȻǸĶ֣Ͳ֪֮Ƿлһ壿 
⻰ƺʲô⡣Ҫ˵ʲô 
ɽشֻ˽е 
ڡϱɫ 
亮ССӰȻУСͨ죬һףͺ˾һȥסӣ塭岻ˣ 
ᵽˣɫȻһ䣬˾Ͳˣôˣ±˹˲ɣ 
ұ˹ﶼˣİҲˣˣ 
ΣǺ׷ǹʣҪߣӲסɣ 
ǡǡ亮һ۵һ˳ӦҪһֱģ 
ˡӣӱοޣޣеأ棬òã 
һģ亮֪ǲϰԼһسˣͷһᣬ˦֣˳ȥ 
 
Ҳϲͣ£ʧصӰ֮ 
ȥ׷ 
ȥɣСӶһûˡ 
˵Ǹˣȥ׷ 
ɽû˵֣˭֪ǳơ 
ЦΪҪ׷¡ 
ˡ˵ʲôɽӽŵΪһ䡣һЦӻӣȻôˡ 
ǵģ˵߾ߣֻʲôţѼ̲סʣ¶¶Ҹô죿 
ƵĽ쵽Ȼһ 
βˣ 
Уеĵطұ飬ȴôҲҲȻһĪǡ 
뵽ҲҳɣʩչṦⱼȥ 
ԶԶⲻ֪󺰣Ҫȥ 
εѸ٣û˵꣬ͱԶԶ˦˺档 








ƶѵͣҪģ(15) 
ˮ 

ʮ 
һ·ɱȣŴֱ׷أȴʼûƵӰ󲡸ʵҵ˶ֻؿڷƣͣϢ 
ƽĿпʼ춯Ȼάȫ޽䱸ƣͫȴ 
ɡ 
ƿ֮𣬰˸˷վĽǣס·ţһԾ볡У书ʵڸ߳༸࣬Щ˵졣 
ɲ̵ˣ뿪ɲ̣ܶǸطȫ޺øУʼ޷һ֮Ϊħ̡ 
令 
һЦѲʲôˡ˵ЩϤ̲סʣԻл̳̳ 
ʱ꣬ǰѾûʲô̫ӡֻԼõ⼸֮һ 
һЦ令Щˣ궼ӸλϧڶѲˡ£ֻ̲С䣬ʵֵһᣬ令ȤصԻ֪ 
صУǲɱҵô 
ȻǣԸǧ򲻵令 
һ૵ĵңˣͼıܾ̽ʹ˱ɱȻץһȥԽ̹洦á 
¾Ͳ֪ˡ令ճȺƺй඾δȫ˲书ֻҪۿۡȰ㻹ǹԹԵǻȥԴҶЩ 

Ŀ֪жϣ棬֪ҽҲ£˵Ľչһ˲òˡµǸ˲š 
ƺҲԼ˵̫࣬Щڣȵϻ˵ӦǲӦ 
˵أЦȴɳȥ󳸣һؿڡһϣ߶ûһѵء 
ԭ֪ԼһоʵѣοΪ׺˵书ֻ²֮¡ԼԮΨ֮ƣֻס˲Ŷ˼ʤ㡣 
Щ˶ħоѡĸ֣书Ӧһзŵһȫƾ䲻һ£Ҳѹʱս֮С 
ڽæȣ޳˴οտƬҶҲûСкбгֵı 
Լ̣֮ԳйȻжҲٻࡣ 
ԽԽǽԼ˰꣬ѵվҪԵﲻɣ 
ĺô죿뵽Ľһʹ 
Σѣ߲Լѣʱȴ֪Ϊ˳ơǸڿ˵Ҫˡ 
֪Ҫ 
һ֮䣬ֻԶһХ˲Ȼ˽ǰţһӰһһ˹ĳ漴һתվǰ 
۾һƣ 
벻ˣĪһ˿ů⡣ 
㲻ôΪֻոջϣһ϶ԷĿ⣬Ťַס 
ͳΣ֪ҪҼˣ뻹㣬һֱûлᡣ 
ȥ뽫λϧһֱûи˵Ļᡣߣʢŭ֮ѽԺֱһ룬ŻȻ 
ʱʵԥ˰Σȥ±䳰ȷȥż˼ΣǲĻˡҲҿŵʩԮ֣ʵΪҲѡ 
ֽӹΣб͵㻹ߣ 
˵Ҫ㣬ֳϵȻߡɫȻȴŲݺӵİ䲻ɽأ˵ĻҲġ 
ﲻһЦǺãҾ͸ᡣ 
˵֮ʱںһֱΧһȦ䱸šʱΪͻȻһڣ˶ʱǼԽԽ죬Ƶۻҡ 
ɫһ䣺ħ󣡡 
һʲô 
ѾûʱˣһѶϻɰ 
ƺǷǳĶһɶ˽ŲҪľһ̣һƣߣ 
Ʋԣֻܸ˳ȥһǰһһԵԣһɺ˽治ᡣ 
ħǳһס˾ǧҪĻᡣ 
Ķɰأ 
ɵϣ˵ġ 
־ͷһƬ£˱ǰ·οҲķȥֱߣЦãΣ 
˼Ҳֱߡһ죬˱˽ǰ𳤽ǰѨȥ 
Ϊ׵ĺˣ䱻ռȻȴܼʱмܡһƶһ 
˭Ҫֵģ˾øˡ 
˱ȿģ뱼ǰĶ书ߵģҲѶԸģѶԸĵȻҪˡһǰպ׼ġڳƺ˽ֵĿյҲѽ׷ĺˡ 

ûжãͬʱɱֻôӭս˼ˣħ԰ڳɣ䲻˵Ȳʤ㣬ǲˡ 
ﵽ׳ԿûбȻ⼸˲ڻ£۽Ѱ˼һö֦Ǻ쾹һæǰ½ϻһӣһ죬ȴ֧Ρ 

ԳƻʱͱڻУʱһʱɳȥһҪ׷ȥסʱסȥ·һһɽ±ֱɳȥ 

Ҳ˲˦˷׷˹ȥȻһӰ죬֮ǰץס˽Σ 
ǳƣ 
ץס˽ΣҲԾɽ£֮ۼҪԨ֮У 
Ҳ룬ȥץס½˵Ӷ棬ֻһ˫Ź±ߡ 
Σһں˶ôˣΪķԸæǰȥץĽţֿ֮ʱ±ߵͻȻɶ 
Уͬһֱֱ׹֮£ 








ʮ 
ĺҹУֻһţһײϵÿһ׶Ķ⣬ҵЦ˲ 
𣬰νţһˣȻһϮֻܲϻŽϵسɱѾ˼ޣȴ糱ˮһ㣬˿ûм˵ļ 
ˣˣ½㵹ȥ 
кȻһ磬磬ڰɢˣʧˣҫ۵İ׹Χס 
׹֮УһŮӴӯӯЦƮȻ 
¶ 
ǰȥס֣ȻǰȴûһӵݡΨһֻ˫峺 
һУſֱֱۡȥǳƬصʹҶķ϶͸شۡ 
ˣ£ڿ伸Ҳû취⽵ٶȡҿɽµľïʢѹ˼֦䵽ϣӦûʲôˡֻͷܲ˳˹ȥ 

أһģӦþڸ 
𣬾ģһ֮²ʧЦѹ£Ҳ˹ȥ 
ιѡ 
˼תѡ 
ˣ 
۾ãȻעһ̽Ŷ˶㡣 
̯һ⣬ȻöΡ 
ӹȥҲ֪ʲôζǺοࡣ 
ǿЦЦҪôαҼ񵽣Ȼ֮ڹ黹ҲĴźҼȻ˵ҪǰԶʧҪߵøɾЩñ˳޳֮ͽ˵վ 

Ҫȥ 
ƻͷһЦѾУȻҪ뿪ˡ 
µףô뿪 
Ȼҳ· 
ˣȥҰɡһ΢˵ȣӺˣ̫㡣 
ˡתȥȻôˡ 
벻ܾԼĺ⣬ﵹЩȡûʲôģżȻһΣȴҲ˾ܾ¿첽ǰƲУ͵̧һ׹䡪 

ʲô 
ڳƵ־ŭȴЦһУƺأѰҳڵ»ǽȥɡ 
ƺһǿػǰУȲһ׶̵ʹϮȻ׶Էʲôѵô̧ͷݺݵһۡ 

ôһɣȻãЦúýȥȥͻء 
Ʊͷȥ 
Ƭʵúܣ˺ܾò߳ǰĿʯͱڣҲ 
ɫųƣѰԭ·ء;ʰЩ֦˳ִһֻɽ 
ԭţϵѾϣһֱһӰתͷ𴦡 
µ״úܣһʱҵ·ҿֻЪһ˵˵ţæŶѲֽɽëڻϿ 
һԵؿææǣȻվһһ˵ּȥΪҪ㣬Ҳᣬ˺һֱɽζƮ߻ 
ҲЩ֦һֻϻץһֻɽѲ𣬾ȻҲģؿֻίʵûԼֿΨëʵϡϡ䣬֦ҲǴ˺üβŴȥƨɶ챻ˡ 

һֱԹۡҪԼǲܵģʹοҲƣүܾǿʲôʱе˺һֻȣ߳Աޣ㣬㡣 

ʵ֤ɽʵǼ£Ҫһľͼɡͬɽ⽹ۣ磬˳⽹ｹ֮ȴ 
ɽѾһ룬ʱ͵ۿƣڰʲôʱͶ 
֪ҲǾǿкںĶΣһҧȻ˺ȥǺǺЦ˵Ƣʮͷ¿ӼҲȲϡȴ֪ȻƽʱºͣȴǸӲɣȻҲܼԶ 

㣡ܲۿѪܰĶ󲡵ɣһ̾еİֻ˹ȥ 
ʵƵһ뷨ȻºͣҲ챤ٱ˳ۣȻҲԼĽ𣬱Ľ֮˵޳֮ͽѹǷŭΪ˽ε»ȴʱʱ̿ԼȻˣȴȲѣճߣȻ˵ʲôֻ¸ҪҲճĲǺ޳֮ͽ˵ʲôҲСˡ 

뷨ȻиɣˣҲ̬ 
ƻԥţǽӻǲӣȻһѰѶСԼ˵ԣŲ 
žžţȱЩ뵣ԵȻ 
챤֮ӣĸӰĿζԹƲѹйôŬ޷ѱ۹᣿˳ľЩ㶼ܹͻΪ㲻ͨ顣 

￴ųЦЦһ벻ǸĶӡ 
Ƶ˵ţҵɲ̵һ򣬺һΧ̳ʱɱΪѳѣҺûбϳȥ 
ĶӼ㲻ҲܳͷأԶ֮ˡʱڽеʦӵ䣬ֻÿαֶⲻһٺôֱһ죬иȨƵ￴ʣ˵˼ûлĴ 

ϵŬΪ˼󹦣ƸΪȻڽ˵ĿУȴԶֻǸĶӣԶҲѲ˱˵볰Ц 
Ȼ޾ᣬȴƻеЩ򣬶ûʲôӡô޷ǰЩϵüͷ 

ﵱȻûдľʹԴ˸СܾǲǣЦһ֪ЩУˣ 
ǰһˣһáӢ۲۳Ļοһ̫˽ĸ߰ԣЩǵ˵ʹ¶һͬҲ 
룬еصʲôУ㡣?BR> 
ƺûϵ˵סˣ૵˵ΪʲôΪʲô˵Ļһģһأ 







ʮ 

ΪʲôΪʲô˵Ļһģһأ 

˭ 

¶ 

¶ӣǸԵӣƺȻܲζ 

ʹʱ¶ˡΪûνġ˵ţ˵ţЦ֪¶۾ôҴûôһ˫۾۾ͻһлõġ֣۾ȻҲôƣҵһμʱͷˡָڳƵƤϻһ 


һҲŮˣ 

ɵϣֻ۾û˵ŮˡǸŮˣһĲˣ类ˡƲƲ죬һ飬ղŲһܰնʱȻ޴档 


ƵסҺʵö࣬һ٣Ͳ֪ôˣתƻˣΪҪ뿪ħ̣ 

һƳɫԣϽһ䣺ǲ˵Բ˵ 

˫ֱֱŻѣϵı˼䣬ڳΪ˵ʱڿ˿ڣҴͲϲÿ˶Ǳȴ֪ڴʲô⣬бҪԼ˶ԥɱ֮ȫΪһˡ 


̽ʣǸˣ 

̸ණκˡ 

ƭ㣿 

ƻ׷ȥȴû˵ȥ˼ˣ˯ɣɲ̵˿²ô׷Źǣ˾źӦ 

ɨһƬյأҶͷ״ȥʱ΢΢ѾҲ֪˯װ˯ 

Ҳֻܿѣһ֪ȴܸоõǸˡ˺ 

Ȼţӳ԰׵ƷĽëܳСһͶµӰżգ£Եʹ 

챤֮ӣĸӰĿζԹƲѹйôŬ޷ѱ۹᣿˳ľЩ㶼ܹͻΪ㲻ͨ顣 


ĻȻ𡣲ЩδóЩ˶ٵ˺뵽Ȼʹ 

ԶԶ뿪뿪ߣµٱԭӡǾһЩɣԼÿô 


ƾͱҡˡ 

ߣһҪɲɽ֮ǰ뿪 

ûվȣһ 

Ľſˡ 

죬Ƶ˴Ȧ˵ƻ治Ϊ 

ҪҪұ㣿 

һ죺ãԼС 

ȻҲټ֣˺һһһյӣĬţһ 

ʮʱ򣬳Ȼ¡ȻǲżЦһԿš 

ƻͷԿһϷ飬ֱ졣 

ҪһֹӺòã˵ʲô˵ѽŤŤĲˣ 

ҧҧ㱳вУ 

һΪܾǿʲôʱءһЦ챻ȷԹƺһЩǰȥӣɡ 

ûа취ʱ켫ˣŻȴʤСӡɸֵ£Լƫƫ̲סϲӡ 

ѽĮȴһŻɣȴܱһĳ֮ģìּˣҪˣԼֻ¾ĪݽȥİɣھҪͷֻҲˡ 


ɽдʱǰľȻûʲô仯ɽڻɽڡ廹￪ʼЩԲˣʵ̫ҪǿˣȻҧͦס 

һֱ⸱ǿŵģ޿κΡԼȰЪϢһһڷֻ̾˿ЪЪɣˡ 

һЦһֱŲҲۣԭЦ˵ģ˵ɫȴˡ 

ˣ 





ʮ 
ôҵǵģ 
ӣЦڶɽӡ 
˵ʵʱһ뵽ħˡʱ״ʵûаӦˡֱⲻ֪Ʀų˿ 
ô˵ġ 
ࣿһ㶣漴Цˣ˶˵ܲ͸˫㻹ʲô 
һһպһ١ 
ʲôĴ٣ʵҲǺģһҲˣһһҲûʲô̫ķֱ 
ɽһöӣأ 
üһ뵽亮Իô 
ֻӦȴܻ⡣ 
ʲôգ㻹ʲô 
ɽӶһڣ˹صѽ 
һ˶ں쳾֮⣬Ϊ˿ѵӣЦһǳŪ֮⣬ȻȤúܣǸƵĺ÷ӣ 
ܺɽͶǸ˽þͿΪ֮ˣʲôҪװױֳ 
ɽעҾ֪˵һʲô¶̹ףֻǡ 
Ļһ٣˵ҿԲǣȴܣ䲻Ի⣬ȴת޵ϡ 
Ŷ֪Ҫת˭ϣ¶ΪȻɫǾм֮£Ҳ޷ҲŪԷʲôϷɽ˻˵ֻʮݵĲš 

׽֮ˡ 
˫üһʱҪǰס 
֪Ǿ᲻õġɽЦЦڳ֮ں˭Ӧú 
ʲôںˣȻô˵ɫȴЩȻ 
ɫı仯ȻӲɽӵ۾ɽӿһ˲Ȼָֻܿƽаɣ֪һ֣Ҳ͡ 
ʲôɫˡ 
ΪҸԵĵֹʹҩ 
Ļδ䣬ѳ˳ȥ 


֮Уһ̴ڷ̳ƺҩǸܾˣʹԵĲˣȻֵһ˿ҩϸϸĴСĶ˵Ƶǰ 
鷳ˣʵЩԼСƺЦӹҩڴ߶˶٣һ 
ܺȣһ˽δţڳ΢֮ʣִҩ롣 
ॡһŴڵˤķѣںڵ֭һءԭ˶סˣԼͬĿˡ 
˵Ȼ 
üʲô 
˵һƵ̾ϢɽӸҲˡعһץסɽӵҩأ 
ɽӲֻƽֱֱĿϵı˸С 
˾ţģˡû¶̽ң 
ɽû˵ش𲻾Ĭô 
Ϊʲôֻģ±ʹеǱ֪ӦϾѾԼεطˡ 
ΪԼġɽӾȻЦЦֻЦڿɬ 
ĬȻɽӶûиоֻ˵ԼҲֵװɵֻǻ⡣ 
̫˽㣬㣬Ҳ̫˽ҡ֪Ҳôʵղϸһ֪̽㣬ȴû롣ΪѾˡ 
һֱһţƺԼйأ̲סʣ׷ʲô£ 
һڣͱ˻ȥ˵С죡ֻùԹԱ졣 
ɽӿ˵ΣֻгƲܵĻƢɣ˻һԡȻΪβԸϣ߳жҪѧСŮ̬ô 

˭̬ˣֻǻȷѡ 
ˡ޴ϲе㲻֪룬ֱ˵ûϵҿԵȣÿԽһ죡 
￴ɽӵȻЦŵֿֿᶨĿ⣬һʱٸнɴסˡ 

ұڿѾûбҪˡ 
˵лһ٣⵹ſڴƻƣֻǻܲ͸ѡ֮һСΪϡ 
һѾ˺ԶǻͷȥܿǸɽϾþİӰɽ֮ϣһĹ¸߾￴ȴ͸¶įӰӡ 
ߴʤ˭ǸԸĶį 
޿κѽ 
̾ϢתͷϳƹеۣĪһů⡣̾һ߰ɣ 
һֱߵɽ£ĵīûг֣Щֶ֣鲻Խһⲻ֪˹֣Ǿɣ 
ѱϣʵûοԶԼҲԶ鷳Ҳֻȥˡ 
Ŀⲻ֪ıӰ뿪ƺȻ뵽ԼӦҪԶǸӣȻЩбʣﵽûȷʾҪ¡ƤȥɣԼ뿪ɣ᲻ãһʱԾϽͷȥ︸ѾߵԶˡ 

亮ͷ֣壬 
Ӧһȴվԭزֻʲôʾ 
ƺʲôûǰߣ˼ͣ£תһĲͣô£ 
һЦ첽ȥ 







ʮ 
ɽס˽£ɽˣҶһƬһƬһ׷䵽·ϣһأȥģˡ 
亮ǣ֣ڵ̺ҶϣҲÿˡ׵ĲˣҲˣһжô˿ġҪ˵ʲôвģǸ׺ͳúԶ˵ı鶼ģ˵ 

ϲ亮۾һתȻס˼ŵһֻס˳Ƶġ˶Ŀһۣһ޹΢Ц 
չͶڵϣҲ˵ӰӣһЩмǸһЩɸֵ״ 
νһڰɣ亮룺һһ壬һףе㲻ԾˣԶȥҪžͺˡ 
Ǻܺãƫƫ첻Ը亮ͷԺһ۶ͣǵǰ 
Եĸеһôˣ亮̧ͷĳɫˡ 
˳ųƵĿ⿴ȥڿΪ׵ǸͷǸͷĺᣬ۾һһ࣬ϸü۵ͳм񡣺ߣ峤ÿɱÿˣ 

壬ôһ㶣ſڡ 
ҲڿųƣƶȻ㡣 
ǳƵĶ壬챤Ķųơһ족ĳάЦƽʱηֻ֡챤ɸѾὭˣﻹ֡ 

ڱôΪλֳάĿԼϴֱķſס亮֡ 
Ϊʲôſ֣亮ʣһѾ̧ͷףֻˮʲô 
άһΪ㣡ǰЩ˵һɽʿȥѰΪֳ;ûټ֪ǻҺίʵĵĵúܣӲãֻѰ㡣һ˵¶һ˿ů⡣ 

ижƲТͶˡ 
ƽͺáάɫһ㣬ô£ͬеЩأǲǱɱˣ 
ǣֱķǱħɱ£ 
˭֪ԭħ̵ˣǴͨһкͬ 
Ѿ뿪ħ̣ԼҲħȺһԽ˵ԽǼֻԼʵΪס 
άĶŴɵĸ֣ħ̶ǲͷһΪ￪ѣ˿ۣάһ˺ȵٱô֪ѵһĲɣ 

ôһ˵˷׷׸ͣìͷָơ 
άɫȥһָ︸ӣһһС˭ 
ǡ֮£˵˾ֲѣ˺һŵҵѡ 
ѣάЦһƶ㻹ƭңԲԣʲôֶԻ㣬ػ 
һ仰óƾñɫֻ룺ô֪֮»ôȥ 
ûݵԲߣѾĿ˿ڣҾ·ģҲʶʲôѡ˵ԻǻԩЩͣһ治Ҹʣֻʲôʱ˶֪ 

ֻ常ɫѾѿˣæվ壬 
άһֶ֣Ļƶ㻹аħվһѵʧݣ 
֮£Ʋϸ룬ȻȻǰһһ̤Ȼ뵽ﻮ˽ޣôеˣֲֻ֪Ҫô롣ͷʱֻɫĮȻƺ޶ԣǳȴһָоӰƮһ󵭵İζ 

άֶԼĻɫڻЩһָģҪǶ֣ԼԹԵ־͸ 
һЦĻ磬ͷӣԺҪǵã˵ʱǧҪָˣǺʧģֻûмҽ̵˲Ż 
֪ˡ亮۾գգָųάûмҽ̣ѽ㿴ôˣĺǲ߷緸ˣ˵СС׻߷緢ʱŻˣ¡ 

סЦ££ⲻ߷磬λϲϴ裬Գӡ 
亮һæһСֻȷ磬ŵ˳ζһ㡣 
⸸һһС״棬ıģɰѳά˸꣬ڣ۽˸Ҷ˵䲻Ļô˵ǰ٩ 
ûеȲͷˡһĸ׳Խڶģͷڳѿ֮ҡޡ㣡 
ޡʲôˣﲻ֪Ҳ⡣޻ӵһѾץס˱β 
ɳһҪôҲ֪벻˾ô 
΢һѽɴ˹һţжԷۡǰһڣɿҲ˳ȥ𳤱ޣڵһ˦žһ죬˶һݡץסޱĿˡ 

սʧ˶Щӣ˭ҲǰȻ뵽˶ڣ˫ȭѵ֣ɣ֪˭һ䣺һϣʱ׷ӵȥ 
ۼﱻΧסȥֻҲˣæų˵壬Զѣʤ֮䣬ȥЦֽ塯ںεѽ 
˵óﵹЩģȥԼ󣬳Ѿ˽еԸְ࣬ʲô壿ٱδ̫ظ 
һҲеͷǲǡ 
ԷĻԶԶ㻹ô塯˵ģЩǣùʱͽ壬򲻹ʱͲСͨ 
ܵУֵûס亮Ҳ˳֣һ˵ 
ƹս֣ʵڲ֪Ǻã͵ںԼΪУǲѵҪٱץס裿սȦ亮Ϊʲôô۸ǣҲæҪô 

ͯȴʯһشڳƵؿڣѽһֱǽһ㾴ģ⺢ӵģ 
ɵӣǸ˵ôԶҲָ㣬һֻܿԼ߰͸Σ 
ҪĮ뱳ѣŻ˻ԣֹ̸ӣﲻĹѹѼںò׿ʼŽԼˣѵһʧ 

 
뵽ֻѪڣʲô常ʲô챤ʲô֣һжҪˣֻȥεץסεȥץס֮׵Σ 








ʮ 
Ϊʲôǣ 
ӵʣĪһᡣ 
ֳƣģڴǰܻԼѡöˣѾе֡ƻǺõģûеѾ֪ˡ 
ֻЩʧԭΪһ⣬롭 
 
΢΢һ䣬һѸֵѾǰæڻһ㣬۵½󱻻˵ӣҺûˡ 
ˣ 
ûУԣ¡߰οӣ߹۲ƣϣҵԽһɱȥȻȥȴǺںڵһǽ 
ﰵԹǽȦȻһɧûݵŪһһӰдһŰ׹ȻսȦ׹֮ңܿ︸ӵߡ 

ˣ亮Ҫ 
һϮӢͦһ˿οЦ⣬ǳ˭ 
ֱֱĿˡ 
Ҳˡ 
˶û˵ûΪʲôҲûжͣһ̶˵ЩѾҪˡˣѾ˵һô 
￴Ŀ⽥ͣЦдչǱһ΢Ц 
ˣûʧûп㡣 
һЦϢĲ˼顣ƴûչЦݣЦЦǼò١ 
ĿЦӣȻЦȴԶΪˡ 
ЦռֱǷӵеģ 
ǳƣΧҲЦ㵹ﴫһ 
￴׼ʱһһgһƵ֣ߣ˻ʩչṦͷϷɹֻһ㣬ƥϡ 
ʵ̫ͻȻȵȺۻعͳѾתͷ׼뿪ˡ뵽ԼȻһӣǡħ̵ˡԻסˣ¸˶ԷܵĻᣬ¶֮ɫ߳ŭ֮࣬׷׽ 

ٱʲô˼ 
ճģѵ˲ɣ 
ĪǱԻסˣ 
άƬָзֿȺǰͷɫ֮ѿǿ֪ǺݺݵĵһۣɭȻԼֶƶʲô 
常м⣬Ѿȴǲϸˣ壬ȷʵᣬ˾ɱֶ̼޹ԩֻó²ߡ 
ѵ֪˾ô 
ƿһֵֶֶۣ֪ģΪУҲĳԣ 
仰˵ն޻תأóάȫ£βŵãܺãǳôǷǲֵġӣã߰ɣӴԺҲҪ˵Լǳҵ 

ۼͷϣ˵ʲôҲǰ״̾˿壬պֶ 
뿪˺ȵʲô˶زصģ 
һǳ⣬һӰӵԵʯܳͷܣ 
ƺһˣһ 
ô 







ʮһ 
亮СһָǲǸô 
еġ塱ⲻ֪亮ûƦƦӣͽ塣ֻⲻ֪Ƿʱߵһ·˵ѾгԶô֣ 

ԷҲϳⲻ֪ǡͨⲻ֪һģɽʱ򻹸һ𣡡м׷ȥ 
ⲻ֪Ȼųơͨ书ȴʵͨýۿ±Ҫ׷ϡ֪ӲѣƵߣȥ 
Щɣһȥֻ¾ȲᱻץĺͬȥַŲºӡЦЦʧ֣Ҳ 
֪˵棬סֱۣʧ֣ҵ㡣 
ʶһαֳĹƺȻȫסģģ 
˵仰ҲѾ𣬳ͬʱҲ뿪 
Ⱥ۴û뵽ƻȥأһʱ侹˶ϾǳάﷴӦÿ죬ƵӴԾǰ˫ϷһСٻ족˳ȥһ塱ͷһѵץ˴òɣһҪģҲɵ˿֡ 

ôһ룬һоûʹȥۿųƴ˹ȥ 
֣㣡 
ⲻ֪ѱֱƵǱһƣ˴㲻Ѿô 
ֻˡ˵Ҳͣţǿ콣ѽΧⲻ֪ļ˻˼ͬʱȺҲ׷ 
ⲻ֪ǰִ̽ĵˣ̾˿ΪʲôǶܲˡ 
ǾһץˡƵĿһƽһοǱۣڲˣ 
˶٣Ż㣬Ҳˡ 
ⲻ֪һ¶Ϊӵɫ˵ʲôûпڡ 
ʵҲݵˣļè书ֻʣ˶ķֶ 
֮£Ƶ˺ܶ࣬ΧȻǸ֣ʵԶѷֻɱˣ滹֪жڵ򷨣ʱǸͷοʱҪչⲻ֪뵽ﻹڵֻƴˡ 

ⲻ֪ڻûܶԷɨһȱһѪʱȪӿ̲סƱľȥվסȴ總֮һ㣬˦Ҳ˦ѣļңһ˼С 

ⲻ֪Уߣң 
Ҫһߣ 
㡪ⲻ֪˵Щʲôһ޲֪˹һֻƼһ㣬 
 

 
֮ڶ֮ңֻò֮һϸ¡ 
һòãѽɱѽ 
ѾոõׯڵһƬǽ壬 
ⲻ֪һʯ֮ϣȵĿø߸ߵģ¶˴Ϊ˿ڡҽҽʵǲôⲻֻ֪ʹ죬һ£Ҫѿжѿ 

壬һ̣ӺɷѪᣬ޺ѿ亮ԲԲĴĿתţΪʲôô˻ޣܹˣԼҲܹûпѽ 

ȥȥȥСӶʲôҾѪᣬܵô 
˾͸ʹˡմӸũЩʳˮһΪƽʯͷһһڿ 
ӵжµĳһڵ£ƥ˩ڵԵϣ׷˦òӰˣǲŸͣ¡ 
ⲻ֪һۣûģǱ˭۵ġ 
һֻ֪иѾ뿪ˣְͰ͵ĸϻȥץ 
ǲΪҿҪǲͨ籨š 
ͨ籨ţҿﵹæģ㣬ˡƲƲ죬Ƿ 
ˣҶˣԶһ˶죬æٶȰ˿ڣ亮һߣЧķʽǵĴǹལֵǣⲻ֪һʼʹýиͣһȻҲʹˡ 

սݡ亮Ÿ׵󵰣ҧ˼ڣȻŵƣ 
ⲻ֪һʲôϣ棬Сټ֡ 
亮ȻһȤѣҿȻʣ˵⵰ǲǻֻСѽ 
ָⲻ֪λͨ 
ⲻ֪ͷ룬ɫһֻͷ 
һĺ˵˵亮ֱЦҲ鲻Խ¶Ц⡣ʶǵһദúǢ 
ЪϢ˴ǰУ︸Ӻϳһƺⲻ֪ǿյһٽʱ֣ϣѰһҿջš 
죬ҹѾˡ 
ҹЩ䣬˼ѣһͥԺ֮С 
˯š 
ǰȻװЦȴ˼ǧ 
һۣѾǵԭ־ѣôҪԴأ 
ڽԿ︴ΪΣûһرų֮⡣ 
ļˣ 
Ѿòˣֱֻ֪ȥ룡 
ô˼Լܴ߶ã 
һеǶͷʹʱ޿̲ءʹദĿʱЩһ˶ʱȴҲ޿ɻرܡ 
ôأľľջĳ 
һȴһ 
ǳҹΪ˭¶ 





ʮ 
ǳҹΪ˭¶ 
ЦζǻϤòϤתͿЦǳҹĹϵԵ˵ᡣ 
أ 
˯ˡʼ˵Ҫ棬ҲתĹڴ˯ˡΪʲô˻ôͶԵأǰ˼⡣ 
һ˴վﴵ磬Ϊʲô£ 
£ǲܺ˵ģġûûʲôЩˣһطȥЩŵػصԼţѾ˽ŵЩ 

ͦüëΪʲô㾪ţѵʲô˵ţƿ 
ȻʲôûСƲȥȻ˵ľֻܽҪһ죬ա 
ģˡ 
ԳˣϴһʲôֵľٶֻҪᡣ 
ҹˣ㻹߰ɡ 
һ˫Ӱ۾ֱֱΣǲǺˣ 
 
ЦЦЦдŵΣǵײһ·ˣһҺܸмǰ̡˸ô죿㣬֮ӣܲչŶصӰɣڽô꣬˽Ϸ򡣲ɱˣŻµЩνɣӴ㡣 

Ѿٷˣϲơһ̣Ƹð֮踣һеĴȥʱ򣬾ѾȫȫӮġ 
ҲΪˣŲܲΪԷȥһ롣ʱѾע⵽ʱȻЦţȴҲüɫ 
ȥɣһߣǲΪ㡣պϣҪѽȻѹȻʧ䣬ȴϰ˲ȥֳڻ˵ЦĻӴԺٲиɵСӰͰ͵ĸţɲ٣ֻǣôˣͻȻ˸˲֪᲻᲻ϰߡ 

ҲȥƼ̾ſڷЩģ֪Ե֮ѡһΣҲԲóԡ 
ᣬӶģҲһʱĳ嶯ĶǶԵģҲڡԽ˵ԽǶ飬ֻе˫ҲԽ 
 
У̲סˣһƿˣ߰ɣ 
ʲôʲôﱻŪúͿǰһ̻ϾͱɫҪߣĪǲ˲ɣﵱȻˡôˣһһġ 
ҡƲ֪ôͣ࣬ҪҪˡ 
ѽ 
 
ЩͷһֹסͷԼĴӡģַܿſ΢Цⲻй飬ʱҲġ 
ЦȾڹȥֻһǵøҲۡĪνãԼǷʹҲԼˣ뵽һĻϲüըˡ 

Ҳ鲻Խĳһ֮С 
ûбǹǿַĸоֻʣ뱯ȻȴӳɬиеһĲֻȶȴĴԼģɢ֫ٺ̲סҪ࡭еʱ򣬳ƵĴȴ뿪ˡ 

ôˣſԴˮǰ֪ӡ 
Ҫô 
ʲôҪ赹ˡѵδй֮ô 
Ϊӵܣ׼ҽ̼Ϊϸ񣬼Ů˵ЦҲԽ񣬸зǷ֮ˡ 
Ժ潹֮ĵطҲûȥ 
һֵطҸǴӲȥմȾġ 
ֱÿʥ˵۹ȥˣˣ 
ʮһꡣ 
ﳤһһүԽԽȤڹЦ 
ЦʲôƱЦøΣˡòմȾʲôЦ֮ɱôһЦ־òԾԼôƵġЦôţЩ߳ŭ 

סЦûʲôûʲôȻԺгһͷһȷϣĲй 
 
Ǿͺðˡ 
ʲô 
ûʲô˵㡣͸Ź죬ʧڳƵĴߡ 






ʮ 
һƳԽֽϣӹᣵڵڵԿ崲ϵΡϵ˶ǴδѣȻӵԡȫںޱУֻһͷڷ¶˿һˮɫϣ˼ 

š֨ѽһˣһϮ¡洺ľ߽װʳ̷ϣȻʣ˴ϡ 
ϱʹǳǳЦ⣬õúܣڿ˵ʱἫˣ˾۲ҲǸԸ 
ιèˡ 
ĻҲѵһᣬںСͱȽóС 
Ҳ˯̫ûĽлһ㶯ҲûС 
ˣ̫յƨˡ 
̧Щţ 
ЩͷˣǺĵˣҪҼҺһСƨˡ 
ϧУΪٲᣬٻһεģΪѴ˵ĸԡˡ 
Ϊ˱ʾһȥһЩֵصĶ˰ɣ 
ɣˡ 
֣ϵ˺˶һתЩˣǳ̾˿֪еίɴҶˣһҪģҪ̫Сòã´ίЩˡ 

ʲô桢桱ģװȥˣ𣺡Ҳ˼ѽ 
üˣֱһȥǰһ§סһƺ뵽ʲôĸƵģ壬ϽƵһߡ 

˼ʲô˼˼ĿȻ򣬡òǺɣ 
ôһ˵Ƶ͸ˣĬˡ 
ôļһֻѾˣʵЦְڳƵֻǿסˡ 
̾˿ЦЦɣ̵ˡƿҪ´ȸһŵأɼʹϯ˻ȥ 
ʹ𣿡֪ӦǺʹģѾСˣ뻹´λˡ 
ʵǺʹģѵһĹƺȻһжֵˡǲǻʹˣʹʹ 
ǿԾܾģֻǲ̷⡣˵ģһҪܶһЩԼܰɣ˭ԼȰأ 
ʹʹ򵥵İ˸֣ȴĳ֪ǲһЩǸжһЩֻ鲻ԽĽӵסԷ˫Ȧø 
˶û˵ֻǻţԷֻĴûпô 
Ҳûů 
Сĳӣعͷӣһ˫ָǽסģģһԶߣһһṼ㡣 
ôᣬô飬ôĳֻֿһлȻͷʹǰһƬ뵣æתͷȥ૵ĵɵϣ⻰Ҫ˵Ҳ˵ɣôҲǸ 






ʮ 
ⲻ֪ϵˣһ˲òСջͣ졣ＫΪƫƧһʱ䵹ҲûҵǡħʼҲûг֣Ȼģֶƺʲôıš 

⼸ƺĺã񶼱ƽʱ࣬亮ֵģⲻ֪Ҳʼ̲ס͵͵ѳһѰʣʲôˣ 

ָֻģǱӣǳˡģ⣬ƶʱŵûʲôôʣѵ̫Сˣ˲ʲô 

Ǿ͹ˡⲻ֪һ˼״û洺ô 
ûУҿƽʱûʲô𣿡ʱֻװɵˡ 
ⲻ֪ȻǲɿڣԣһʲôǳĲԾֵǣһˣȻûңûңûңʵ̫Ѱˣ 
ʲô˼ѵҪɣû˼ʡ 
ⲻ֪ĥ˵ɡֵһҩһҲСģʹҽУȻҲûгûЦҡǰһͻ˵㻹ǲˣһʹͽеñɱôҶˣʱҾͻ˵ɱô֪ɱôУȻһȻϽУֻ˵ȻҾͻ˵֣ôˣ 

ʱ֣СϿʼ˴̣ģֱգյӳ֮£͸ְ͵ 
߳ӣһƬƽ̹ĺ··ͷһСӡˮѵģƹСԶԶĶȫ 
ںϣˮһ𡣺ӱмŵĺϷСߡ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ԶǵЦ 
ȥ𣿡ЦһϣĶӡ˼죬亮Щ̲סˣҪ棬ͳƾʹ͸Ǹⲻ֪мʵڰۣδΪŻ 

亮ԵĿЩͲĺǣһʣʶĵͷ漴ҡҡͷ 
һӰӭ泯ɹŵһŷǵڵϲͣŤĶԭһ㡣亮̧ͷȥֻһƤںڵģųಲڳ۾ܾƵһ 

֣ʾһ棬Щԥ˰˳ȥЩߡЩӡЩڴĸȥ 
ͳƾһһʯϿ档ͷһοôģסп⺢ܸסɽСûʲô飬˵⵱Ŀ 

ֻס֣΢Ц˵ҿܺã羰续ҲӡСҰǸɴﶨˡ 
һ㶣ǣ 
ѽ㣬ңкЦЦѵ㻹ҷֵôô 
ЩϲЩԥ㲻ع֣ˣ 
ұûʲôֻԼ֮Ϊһ°ˡЦעֻΪһ¡ 
ĵصôô֣ѵһ㶼 
̾˿ס˾ôģѵǸķ֮ô 
㵱ȻǡЦЦЦȴ͸ΣȻ˵ľԴظ˵ﻰ˵Ǹ۲۵ӡСֶģСˡⱲӣС˼öˣûӵģҳ룬ôôôƫƫˣ 

ЦˣҲǸء 
ЦǾ͸ˡǺˣҲǺˣ䵽衢޴ĵزⱲĸҪĶȴûõҲˣҪˣȴ㣬ͺϵһڱƫƫҵͷϡȻߣ¶ܵõȴǾôʵܻ뿪Ƶġ 

ֿ־ʵھ̫õĳڸٹ̣޿ɽʹ֪˵ʲôȥοźãֻﰵģһҪáá 
ã˶û˵紵ֻСǵϷ 
ǵǴ·ʱȻˡʹ˱߱ģ˵챤ĳˣģ 
Ӧòֵʶ챤ˣ׿˵ģ˵òأ˵Ǹ꺺ӣòƽ㣬һǸ׵Ľɫ 
Ļ˵꣬ǰһһѾվǰôһ 
λ̨ղ˵챤ĸ챤 
û̬ȵúܣ꺺ӵĵʱ׳ˣŶԷЩģϻм챤ȻǺɽϵ챤ˡ 
ɫһ䣺̨˵ˣ 
Ҳúء 
ô 
ⱤͲãһһˡ˵ӣԭǸģᣬոǿĸãϧҲ֪ģиħ˸ԻˣȻܡ˵үܲôңֻҲҪˡ 

˵һѣƳۼɫ԰ףʵû°ɣѵʶң 
ҡҡͷǿЦЦû£ҡʶǣл̨ 
꺺ӻ˵ʲôѾߵԶˡ 
ˮڲͣţߵϷȴѾˡɳСӡֻһӹվ 
ߴӰأ 
ؼˡį֮顣һôģ벻ôͽˡ 
Ƶһ̾ǣӵ֣Ҳȥɣ 
ϦˮһһСӰߵôôµ 






ʮ 
Ҷ׷ʱżԺ 
˭Ҳѡ顯ۺⲻ֪ϵʱȷʵͥԺһҶ 
˵ǷҲȻһ̤ԺͲˡ 
ǲһȥɢôôǶԸȻȴôãףɫԾʲô£ߵǰⲻ֪ŷֳƵɫ԰ףƽʱĶŵ̫Զ 

뵡Ӿ뵡·˵ҵˣúء 
ⲻ֪һԳԵʣ㡭 
ҵĲҶұҪȥһˡ 
ӦõģӦõġⲻ֪ͣȴ֪ʵʲôڳƽʱһ 
֡ 
ʲôҪ 
һᾡϻϣ뿪ʱӦǸЩ 
ⲻ֪һ漴ЦˣҲ˵ԩң书ʮֹбӦӦһࡣ 
Ҳ˵ЦƵĿѼ书ǺܸߣӾǿС 
ⲻ֪ڵ֪ 
֮£㴦ֹ㣬кܶҪ̵ĵطҪǣһֵеѣ 
ûô˵ⲻ֪һʱ֪ǸûϲǳԾʵԾҪԶԶϲң˵Цˡ 
ЦЦֿɻǵҵһμ֮ʱţʱӺϣиӲˮУʱһˮ˵ľ֡ 
ʱˣҲȥȵˮУԼǸѼӣ˲ɷ˱ȵǸ£ⲻ֪Ͳ˶ˣƫ˼ҼǵúΡ 

ֻΪǳ£ҿż֮ѵ溺ӣʱҾͶԼ˵ҲҪʶһ 
һϮ˵ⲻ֪Ȼ򣺡ֲãһֱ֣ԳֵļƷ۽书΢СĽύԭˣԭˣظ⼸֣ɫǱò 

Ƴ书ߵͣǿڷܣȴ书ߵˣǣˣ书ٸߣȨٴ󣬳ĳҲǲмһ 
㣬ֻҵԵʣΪĴߣԹԡˣŲأ 
Ͳα֮ˣһֿУǧ֮أѹⲻ֪ؿڡⲻֻ֪ԼҪܺˣе㲻ҪңûõģǷŲΪβԼôôɣĵطҲнƫƫ̸£ѵô 

Ҹոȥ֤ʵˣϢ١ 
Уƹ˵سҲڰʮ⣬ѹֳƻԵƣ롣ȻƣģӦûİɣ 
ҵǲĲˣҶȥһˣǵ˵ƿɬһЦȥʵѡ񡣼ʹǸȦףҲֻӲͷƤˡ 
ⲻ֪ļ򣺡һֻð֡ͷԼķ䣬ﻹڵŵƣиӰ 
Ҫȥˡ 
ⲻ֪죬Ҫ˵Щʲôڻû˵ѾʧܾˣվšһƬҶǰƮ䣬ֽס 
ݻƵҶѾûյȻЦˣȻˣԼ첻ԼˣȻң 

ûҲǳƵļ 






ʮ 
ƿţӭһƲ 
͵Ʊȼˣɴ֣ƽʵӵľòʱе̻һ㣬ôңԶôɼҲȥʧˡôʱȻӿһ⡣ 

ôоƣƽʱûȡ 
ǲϲȾƵģһúȡЦЦЦмį䣺ΪǸ㽤еġ 
˵Ļ᣺ʲôҲ˵Ҳ㡣ңҲһôϧҸĸˡ 
ƳĬţ߹ȥ£ѾƱҲһģһ 
Ըɡ 
ǡԸһЩˣûģ˻ôȥ 
Ҫ˵һĴʲһġЦѾЩΪⱲһ˵һҺ޲ɱΪҺ¶һܰͷϣ¶ȥˡΪӽԺһκˣˡ壬ԤϣһֻǲҪ˵ĺã˵ˣͽġ 

Ӱţֻɶųɴӿˡ 
˶û˵һƣһȣܿһѾˡ 
ƺȻվŲţⱲҶٰᰮϱˡ˶Ҳã˶Ҳã˵ʲôҲſ㡣㽫ˣҪˣһǻߣ 
 
˵ߣѾĴסţϵдͣš 
еĺ׳ﶼ˻ȥֻԼڻֱĴ뿪ŴϢ³֡ñ 
ЦΪ˾ƣ̫ˡûкȾƣɲ֪Ϊʲô죬۲ҲˣԵø鶯 
֮䣬·Ѿ£ɢһءﱧųƣƹ˴ϡһסӰ 
Ծȫڻһƫƫﻹдֵֻñ۾󣺡Ҫ 
Ϊһһ˵Ҫ䱾벻Ȼͣˡ 
Ʋſ۾ѯʣŷϷߴϢ 
˵Ҳǣ컹Ҫ·ˡ۾˸ϷʵĹâɵһߣ˵Ͳˡ 
ô죿еɵۣȼһѻôϨѽϷŪˡܣ 
ɵϣҲԼ 
ҪҡҪҡѾɵˣԼǰȥˡ 
֪ɵϻ⣬ٶ־ܿڻǷġɵϣҲʲôԶʲôѽ 
һû꣬Ѿһ˫ڰֱ۹˹ȥʧС 
ڰڵӰٵĴϢջ֯ҹ 
ʱƲ˯Գ˯ȥ 
֪ô룬˵ҲһˡӦ˵Ҳᰮϱˡ 
 
һֽ硣ǰ·ôѣһúõıϡˡ 
ֱƾȵſۡӣ΢΢ĳӢӡ 
һ֪ɣԼÿ˯Ż˯Աܹ޼ɵİҲһ֪ӵһʼԼĬţҸܹάּ졣 
ָỮüۡĴǰʹǵģ̫ˣ̫ˣûоκεĴۺͿʹԲ֪ʹǿҲǿͷϵһ죡 

ʮľݣһϦ֮ƱɫԭΪ쳤ؾãҲֻά˶̶̵һꡣһΣƺ̡ 
һԤСҲһΣֵͷˡ 









ʮ 
һһգҶѾĲˣ¹ͺͺ˵ӷ׿Цϸϸһ뿪Ҳнˡ 
Уⲻ֪һֱڹ۲Щ棬ԳƵʲô˼һΪʲôƵ뿪˵ƺһӰҲûУ 

סڿջﻹ̫ۣǾͽˣ򶫿һСݡܼ򵥣Ҳйɡܳʱ㹻Ǯÿ춼ӱȥ׽㣬Ȼо㺢档 

ӹúƽƽľǴһʼסƵġⲻ֪ż뿪һ죬̽ϢἰԲʡ 
ûгƵҲڲ̸ˣͺδƵġ֮£亮мģʱʳôˣ򷢵 

ⲻ֪룬Ƶװһʲôɫأһе⣬ֻɵСһԸģ￴ֻһڷѡʱ򣬶һܣƽ˾ˣʱ뿪 

뵽ʱͻΪƲֵԵЩ̽ζ״ĵ˵ϢʱҲûʲôı֡ 
ҪˡҵתһȦ˶ڴ˵챤ٱҪͻļҵǧףƸѾˣھͶ¸¡ 
һ˵һ͵ۿķӦŸӵƺ΢΢һ£ܿ֡žžԷʱ򣬰ϴʱ򣬶ûʲôⲻ֪Լȥ£ֱ޵ҹʵ˯ȥ 

ʱǱѵġԺſۣͿҸѾվǰ۵Ļŵİ 
Ҫȥ 
ǹȡ 
ⲻ֪Ƭ̣ǹɽӵĵطȥʲôѵ֪ƿϣתȥѰһ 
޹ءﻰ˶٣ֻ֪һҲ㡣 
ʲô˼ⲻ֪أͷȥˣǸԼ޹ϵģ֪Ϊʲôⲻ֪ȴһֱһƵĸо񱻱ѡµԼһ 

߰һѵ£ѵǷβɣԽ˵ԽǼȻĿĺˣæ˻ȥһȴǵȻ޴ˡ 

Ҫˣ亮֪ԵĿԼףʲôѽǲǲҪˣ 
ﰮḧӵͷɵӣʡ߰ɡ 
ιǡⲻ֪Զȥĸ˵ıӰ˵ЩʲôȻס˿ڡ 
Ҫ˵ʲôأҲõĽ֣ԴҶá 
ǹûʲô仯Ȼ°į֪Ƿԭ򣬿ˡ 
֪һ 
ʵǺʺɽӵģͺ֦ϵ˪һסӨ䣬һ񺮹ǵĸоȻȻ붬ɫΪһ塣 
壬ȴ˰̴ڹȿڴȴﶼòϣ˵ȷзǳ֮ܡ 
һ֪ΪζɽƽĿҲӦ 
̾˿ЦȻ֪֪Ѻķʵںܲ㣬ǳ㣬ʵ벻ʲôܹи 
ɽվ̶˫ϣҲӦΪҲ뿴ȥ 
˫üһΪȥ 
ֻ֪һȥҪˡ 
Ǿ˵Ǹ٣ 
ɽӵ˵ͷ֮أҲҵ֮ 
Ҳ˵ֻӦܶ㡣 
 
Ҫ˵֪ҷȥɡЦЦģһҵĺڵءǷһͣҲġ 
ôᶨ˾ٶĻҲǶġɽ鲻Խ̾˿Ƶص֪ģ֪ġ 








ʮ 
챤Ĺģ֮ͬһңһǱס̻пջо¥ʵϵͳߣһ 

챤ĴԶǿŵģ⼸죬ƺΪңΪǵٱҪˡ 
Ҳǳңŵԣǽˡ˿÷˶ԲӼˡ 
ÿ˵϶˼ϲȻճĴѾ빲ˡ 
ڻһӣ챤ǰصĿѾﲻˡһ˱С 
òƽŸƽҲûдעǣԳٱѡ 
û˻˵ʹûΪҲ䵱ѡǵԺˬϲĴύѡѵ۹ǳ 
ܿ˽ȥͨһӵͨȴǶάǶ 
ʲôĵԳٱѣȴҡ 
˾վڳάǰˡԳάޣı黹Ǻܴݣ˿ûκξнڶԷصĿ£Ӧ硣άʼЩ 

ֶ֪ύΪϷδ 
һΪȺҿȣ̸ͶŽΪֶ֪ἰἰˣҲˡ 
⻰˵õάֲ˼֣﹫Ӵ˴ǰ֪Ϊ˺£ 
ǡҪػŲ죬һ˼Ҵҵ˽ 
壬˵ң֪˭ǳƣ߽ĿϣҲعȥĿཻ㶡 
һ֣ɻǵꣿųάʹ˸ɫ 
ƺܿѻԭǡ֣ʱˣ 
άһ̸ҾͲˡһ˹ӣŲ鸡ϰ֮ˣӦ᲻ʲô鷳 
ˣʱԲֶһ߶̣ǰһҲźò׽㵹֮ѽĪҪٸʲô 
ӦˣĿӰȥʱüһϲɫڡ뵽Ŀڶ࣬һԷ֣ҷȥ 

ƵסͷǸСԺɽһӦȫõüΪ¡ȥһ£ǽеȫ֧ 
ȷûţһӵסǰӣгЩʱʱƵ֡ 
ȻԷ΢΢һȴûлӦ顣 
΢в죬̧ͷİ̲סЦˣô⸱ģҶЩûϳ 
ꡱȻˣǷ޷޶뵽ƾȻһ۾ϳ࣬һû˵ôͷ棬Ƕ׾ͷŹң 

Ҵ֪Ȼݡ 
û˵ңǺֵⲻ֪ǹȳ벻ⲻ֪Ȼ棬һЦ˵ʲô֪ȥ챤ĵİװİ硣 
أ˵ⲻ֪ݳƵϣ棬ƺ̾һš 
û塣ﻹǵٱʱⲻ֪񣬺ԼҪȥƵģ챤̶ֲѨѲ 
һʱԼĿģǷɵģǷһ͡ 
㡭֪ˣʵǷϻһ䣬˶ˣ᲻֪ƵɫһԵý顣 
ǼˡԷʵѾ˵һˣһ·֮ʣʱȴͻȻû˵ֻ뿪ط 
ۼתߣּۿס˵ 
ʲô˵鲻Ǻ𣿡һ˦ƣЦʲôҪ׵ˡ 
ѡҪס˵صģһ֮£ͻȻЦˣǰסڼʣǲǣ 
ΪʲôҪʣߣߣΪʲôҪʣһһķ͸±Ҵ߳ŭŤĻȴӵø 
ưļͷԵЩƵģȻˣͱʾҡȻˣΪβҰѻ˵ 
ое˶ЩŽſڣһ֪ԭҵδһжǶǷųļϢ֮ǾҪҶһ£ġȻǲϴӦҲûнҲһ֮ҹ˼ţͬһʱҲѲЩ 
ʱʱ㡭 
µľϢԺȻȥӴĺҲѰšãʼҲû˵һҲûһȷĳŵһֱǳƵһĲ뿪ʱ޿̲㷣᲻ǶҺá 

Һˣ㲻֪ж࿪ġ 
һӰѳеķӦʵ˵⻰ʱ΢΢֪ΪϲǺ¡ȴ͸¶޴ϲá 
̾˿ӺˣһЩǰꡪȷࡣ 
ˡ˵ǳƣһֻѾ˳˼ĺϸϸĦš 
ɵϣ⸱ģ֪ˣ 
§֪ˡ 
һԼӦȨһǰǿֳƵ֣ȥ§ס 
ƵȻ˵ʲôãֻҪܸһˡ 
ô죿ȥףڳţǵĴϢһһ뵽ô˵ˣʵ죬ָ⻮еĵطʱݺݵһѣƵһ 

ȻȻᣬ֪ģǾ취뿪ǿ˵⼸仰Ҳֲ֧סĹҵϡ 
ǻʱһۡ 
һۡʲô˼֮ѾǲԶֱʱЦ˳뱧ĴųƣŴķȥ 
һҴڣ͸ֽϵϸ״⣬Ҳˡһ˫㵵С 








ʮ 
ʮ߰ĹﶼЩܣҲ⡣ĵиܴܣǹڳơĳġ 
ĳңһȻǽϵһڽҲǸٹ̡ãȴԶֻŵ챤Σһסʮ¡ʱӵСѾڳˡ 

˻˽¹ָԼýҪ޵ġ˵ֻǶʱϷԣǼǵúģųҲǡ 
Ե챤׵ʱ򣬴Ȼ̫⧣ȴӲȰŵӦһ׼׵֮󣬱ڸ׵Ļ£ӭ׵Ķ챤 
ĵˣʼûл硣˵ǰŮ˫ܼ棬ȻЩʧһ뵽ǳˣҲƽ 
겻һøӢͦ˰ɣ˵κãÿ˶ڿԼһʮá 
ӻ԰ȥǿùͺͺĴǳԺˣʱҲ֪ʲôûҲ 
һӰԤ׵ĴߣΪԼۻˡ˭챤컹˵Ȼһϲʵ貢δɣƽʱϸȻӰǻþǽϳ֡ 

Ҳĸ岮ڸЦأһûΣգԼЩ򣬾Ȼ˺УṦҲ׷ǽ 
ǽӰڵˣڳ̺֡ʤһҪ׷㣬˭ɣָ׷ȥ 
׷ܣ䣬ӰһƬͣסڴǰƺڿʲôˣӻ˸ơ 
ʲôÿĲɣ̵ĵĺıȥ 
ֽͱһССĶǶȿȥպÿԿϵ龰Ȼһ˿϶ȴй©ܡӰ 
ʹûҲµóڸʲôͨ죬תȥϵ˱˸Ƕȣµ˵¶˳ 
ǡ 
̾ôˣʹûձ˺ö࣬һ۾ϳ˭ 
磡 
ѽһǶΣֻǰضˣԺֻһ棬ĳ壬̺˴Ϣģ 
ģҲ֪ô߳ȥģֱײһ˵ϣżҡţ־Ż֡ 
С㣬ôˣ۾ֱģа˰ɣ 
ģӰ 
ңңҵĺС㣬ѽ 
ҵʲôڶԷϴֱˣȰ˵յ֮³˵ 
˵ôôأУҪȥ 
ʱҪȥʦתߣȴһס 
С㣬ѽ㻹ǳүϱأȥʲô˵ǼȻڹ컯֮޳֮ûй˼ɣȥȡ裿 
ǡҸô죿һģﻹʲô⣿ 
һת¶͸еı飺С㣬㣬㻹Ҫүô 
ҡ̴һ뵽ƣһʹЩİ׸µģ粻ˣһģ 
Ǻãġô˼ɣиҲһη弸֣ 
е˶֪ǵѾ˶ϤȻϲ֮С 
֪ǣ֮⣬ԶԷĿҲѵ缢ƿʵĵزǸˣȴİԼĶ֣ƺһƵ壬ûа취Լˡ 

ҲԵø飬̺ձҪˣС 
ƽգΣķ֮£һ飬ȻʲеΣնƱ׵ԺȥˣֻŻ˶Ƕôˣ 
гƣؿʱģƾ˽֪ûеԼ˫׵Ƥºأ֮һж͸֡ 
ʱﲻɨһϡƿļ֦ۺɫĽ޻סĿ⡣ 
⻨мƺģʹǺĻʱҲлˡӦǡ 
Ժһˣǡǧġֻζûжֻǵ̴ζһʱ򣬾ͻһֵֺôֻమá飡 

ȴ̴Ѭģһᵽˣֻû⡣ 
ǻģ 
԰İɣÿ춼ѾϡƲỨҲƲϰע⡣ôˣ 
ûʲôҲֻɺ϶ѡܾòԾʵ벻ʲôıֻðοԼȥ⡣ˣȥ£ȵûעʱ򣬾ͳûȥⲻ֪ڳӦҲȥϣֻҪ뿪챤ĵͷһоͺðˡ 

ƵͷӦˣҪСġ 
߰ɡ뿪ųȥֱĳƴ˻ӡһǡ 
Ұ㡣 
ɵϣĻشȻǹģҲãһ̺ǰʱʵҸƺԼֻһ֮ңˡ 
΢΢һͷ֪ôģͣƿǧġϣĻȴһɫӰ 
ܰѹ֣õԤлĵͷ 

¿ʼԽ׶ΣҪùˡ 




ʮ 
λСꡱĿ˱һͷ֮Уò 
źᣬٱĿõģЩȻҲҵѡȻõϷ̵Ҳܵ 
ȵе˶뿪Źϣ˿Ѿ°θ߸ȵҹʱһжͿʼڻǳһʱ 
ڴϣ⻬͸㣬ȥʡ֪жû˯ôõĴˣصƬͷдȡůѾܲˡ 
ֱԼȻ챤ˣ֪˳ƣжɱ죡ĳѾ˲֪˲ 
Գ룬ʵҲûʲôãж뷽跨Ҫ·Լûʲôȴܡ¡ѵ͵Цô 
ʱҲ룬һҪٽѲ޳أΪʲô˵ĵ·ƽ̹˾ע᫿أȥĽҲһЦ 
ֲ˭һ·ʵԼѡġʹƭ˺Ҳ޻˵ 
طʱǸϲ飬Ǳ߲ɹһ˿΢ЦɵϣףѾ벻ԼԼ벻ѽ 
û˸ԸįɽǣԼҲǡ 
į̫õˣѻҲȱ˳ҵö࣡Լѻģǳơ 
û˵ƣİһ֡෴ֻΪ̫Ųұ¶ҲǾ̫γɿյ𣬲ŻỼûʧѾͳȥˣȴġ˵ţ˵һԣҲͻٰһ֣ʱҲͲ˵̫ء̫ʹ 

һ֪ԼжϲͷЦݣϲϵġ۾ϲǰ棬뵽˸ţڹעԼʱ鲻ԽͷְĸУϲ˳ӵʱɵԼͷǹů⣡ 

ûа취ܱһ˹¶ӣԲһеˡ 
еʱĬĬԼ˵Ҳ˵һΣΪԼһΡȻԼһֱǸܻĶͽѾû˶ıһˣ 
Ϊֹƺеú˳˳óϡ˽˾ͻһӵȥٲ˵һֱɼҸҲֿɵá 
Ȼÿʱ򣬰ȴϲ񣬶Ŀ־塣̫ˣ̫˳ˣ˳˿־壡 
ֿ־岻Ϊʶһɺϵ¼Ҳ綾ҩġǧġ 
Լָоƺһֻ޴ĺƽ߿̽ţֻʱһͻǰݺݾסĺ 
üΣʵ 
⻰߳ƣһЦԼɹǹöˣܲɣ 
ͷ߰࣬ʼҲͷ⣬ңѾǶˡңԶƵľʱ˿Ҳض԰ߣ֪ǲڸԼͬ¡ 

Ըһ˳ 
ոϣѲʶʱ 
˭ѽ 
ӻû˯ô 
Ŵ򿪣ֵǰס챤£Ρģ˳ֻۣ˫۾ʵ̫ӣʱ˸ƵĹâϲһڡ 
üһѵӣι££ 
ιЦЦЦ￴ƺģôʵֹⲻȥֻиһҪ 
ʲôˣ 
ҼүҲ챤ı 

ҲˣѪߣдȥҪˣ 














ʮһ 

ҼүҲıӡ 

ʲôﰵгһֱ뵽Īб䣿ûκ©ѰʹԷĴ滳ɣҲֻӦڰзϲں֤֮ʱֿ 

ôˣº£ 

ιһƤЦⲻЦС˾Ͳ֪ˡӣ룡 

⿴˿ιͬĻ۴꣬Щ书Ҳܸߡǻǿ뿪ǲѣֻǽ鲻ɣպ߿ҵᡣµͷǵɽ͹ҲֻӲͷƤˡ 


ιƹ԰ڻϹ˼գִţһͥԺ֮СľӳУһ᷿ƵĽǰ 

ιߵǰͣס˽Ų룡 

ŵģ͸˿ˣȴκ 

ƽأͲ֪ǲѲ޵ڵЦЦ˽ȥ 

ĳܼ򵥣һӺͼӶѣóɿģһ̴ľΣһߡѵֱֻһˡ 

Ȼ챤αҵļȨ߳άˡ 

ﱾΪ绽ȻҲİһִˣȻʵ෴˵ĵһӡǸܺͰˡϵغ汸ʣ˳ơϸüĿʵҲ 


ǸӣԾģ߲ЩøСҲ֪ԷǾԲʲôøСЩᣬҾǡ 

ӡ 

òԵĹ˹֣ 

 

Ѱ£ֻȶԷڡ 

˵Ȯѣ֪ôʶġ 

֮ʱάʹˣԾ˵ʣֻ˵ԼеĳЩͣҵó˽Ϊ֪ 

֪ӵЩʲôˣ 

ھ֮ǰѰѶԷܻⶼúȫһʵȻҲ֮Сش𣬲ϳάȻ˵ȥĪǡžɽׯĶʥĵˣ 


˫һⱩ䣬ϣ꣬ٺ٣ɰǶסˡ 

ɽ¥˵Ĵžˣﻹ˿˰ΣЦЦͷӲķۣµҲҲˡֻһ»档 


˭ݸϷˡֱԡ 

ȷһ룬Էʹ֪õǻҲϲµһڸֻǻûʣάѾˡ 

Ҳ֤Ĳ²ⲻ٣֪˲࣬Ѿ֮ 

֪ҵݣ֪ҪʲôԸֹأȻעӳάľٶҲֻһ΢СĶͻ˷Ψ֮ƣֻȷˡ 


صġάǿ˼ԺҲ˶ѡ 

รѵץǻͷļǮС֮ģֻǿ۸˼öˣܵöۡ 

ķάҲֻЦЦѾˣҪЩʲôһ̤ľ࣬ǣߣĪϥһˡ 

ﲻ˵ȥ 

˸˵˵ȮӵĹϵЩЩ֪һʱҲʵĴݣǸڽ˲ɸ˵Ĺϵ˵ڣ˵Ǻ벻ͬѾˡ 


ҺĹϵЩ岻ǰɣ 

ҪģԶҪ˻ήԼϡԳά־ŭ飬νһЦֻ֪ԷȴôҲ޷ϻ̳ϿֵĿģ 


ԭġԳά˵ʵСȫһصĿα֮ϣһʱֻظ仰 

ԭģ˸ʱڽŽɣСųģһֱĽôҲ벻»ᷢϣ 

һԻסˣħ̵˲ǶаôĿеֱأôֻϣ뿪ƶ 

òΪԼԻĶӰɣҲԣɱ˷Ż޶˵Ҳϣ档ȻˣԼҲûбҪˣﵭĵ 

ǲأ㲻ǲǣ֪ûѾԻͷˣһӣ 

άһ㣬ԭսɿȻͷȥĬ˺ܾã̧ͷ֪ǲǵƹԭȻƺһࡣ 

ά˵Ҳиӣ 

ĻҲԵЩϣ¶һЩ֮⣬΢̣Ӧ 

ôһһ׵顣ûһײϣһܹƽƽܹΪˣˣҲǿĵġ֮Ƕ·ʹĵģԼ׵ģǲǣ 


ûлشԼԼ˺ǳƣԼôѵɺȥǾ·ô 

ѾˣֻЩ˶ѡ 

ʹĵĸ׻˵ţƶҵϣ縺ųҵϣ챤ϣѵļΪΪݵˡࣿļΪ챤ǧˣһƶôһֵĻŹɣ 



ҹѾˣѹ˺ͳԼõʱ䣬ǸɵʲôأһǼתΪԼɣ 

ȥ¼֪֮˵ʲôҲһ۾ԼòӲĳˡǲɵɵֳ 

߼˻˻߳ȥػصģںŴ˰εķ硣Цҡͷ˵ɵأԼ 

Ƿ߲˼ǳҵĺšԺӱǽӴһЩܴǰŽġĿõİɣһԼ 

߰ɣһΡ 

Ҫѵģô˾ͱ 

Ȼô룬鲻Խֻͷסķһۡķ֣ԺȻƻͨǷʲô£ӵҲˡ 

ɫһ䣬ѵɵСӳס߱˷ˣֱȥάĻȴʱڶ𣬸ԼһֻẦ˳ơ 

ˣˣһ̾תߣȴȻ֪Ѿ߲ˡ 

ಡ죬ӰѾԾǰΧס 

㺦˱ô 






ʮ 
챤Ĵ֮Уʱ齡ƾ͹Աߣʹ˽Ҳû̧ͷ 
ڵʣ￴һߺ塣ʱ֮ǰһ޶ȴ͸˫ĿԲ𾪵ıϣʾĿǰĽһ糤Ѫǰ󣬾Ķǵ 

άˣȴֲòţ 
Ա߻һʬ壬Ǹ긾ˡܴʱ˵ĸоЩȻԿǰضǸˡĿߡ˷ơ 
Ѿµ˭ˡˣ 
Ҳˣһҹ֮ʧȥ˫ףһʹɣ̲סһۣӿϵϧһʱ侹ΪԼĴǡ 
ȷ˷˰أǲѷɣάŵι£ 
Сڡ 
˵˵¡ 
 
ι³Թ޵۾ɨ˵ҹʱ򣬱ͻȻС˽С𡭡ĶԺСȥƺкܻܵҪ˵С˽лȥȻ죬Ȼûתء˵ģСȥû뵽СһͿѾˡ 

˵챤ˣǱѵ 
ɫƽ޾ŭ֮飬龭ˣѾ˿ֻǳơƵһ־ʹ۹ֱԼƺʣɱҵ 

һʹҡҡͷӦң˵ҵġ 
һƬ޺֮άһ֣ȵʲôҪҲõȵ˳ٿޣ˵˵ʱΣ 
Ѿѿ޵ǰͨһڳάǰءضʱڵȱޣһŽ˵һ˴һԷ̵ū澡ū澵ʱ̴״ڴӹӹһ١ 

ɼͽף 
ˡһָҧҵǵ 
仰˵ն˭޷Ĵ滳ɣﶼҪԼɱˣο챤϶֣ 
˾ͽɱΪ𣡡һ̵õӦ 
 
һֱû˵ĳվһתˣɱҪжʵҲҪɱҵɡ 
⵹һ©⡮ꡯͬزʶٱǺѣʵûɱһʱȻ 
֪ 
һϮŮԽڶһƬ԰ף֪֪ΪҪ 
̣ɲҪ˵˵̵ĸ¥Լ֪Ů֪ 
ûк˵Ϊ֪ܣ߸˳תƣ磬ǰҶˣʲôˡ 
ͳƶһ俴ŮԹ飬һǵȻ֪ˡ 
άļĴʣʲôܣѾͷ˵ѽ 
̵ĿͣڳƵϣ¶һ˿᲻᣺磬˵ˣ 
άһ㶣̶Ȼ򣬡 
鵽ȻˡݣǱɱڡһݣɱ˳ˡ˵֪ײгԣĳ 

ɱôˣ벻ξȻ˱ŭ˼֣йִ˵˭ҲóȻ֡ 
άȵģ㻹ʲô˵ 
û˵ 
ҲãŭҲãҧгݽҪɱҲãƺûпĿʼֻųơ 
ЩֻƣƵһ仰˵ȱ˵һǧ䡢һ䶼Ҫ 
Ҳɱǣ 
̧ȥһ˫¶֮飬ƺԼһ仰Ѿܹľǰȥ§ڻУİο˵Լ˵ԼΡǣιµĻĻ̵Ļòȥɣ 

Ը׸Ȼ֪£ܲȥֹǸ˵ˡԺѾֳ˸׺ִֵĻ棡 
ѪȵĻ紥ȫһ૵ص 
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ 
ЦˣЦ㲻ǲ֪Ҳˣô 
ЦƵĶǰһ˵Щʲôȴάȡ 
ֶ׹˵Ūߣײбӣ¼仹ʲôģһϣҵʬΪ𣡡 
ãһӦ֮󣬵ʡңֻȳάһȾͳȥ 
վһȺɱڵ룬ﻹǺƽҪֵ˼Ŀ⻺һشѩĵɨȻЦЦ 
е˶𾪵Ŀֻû뵽ﵽʱЦóҲһЦñȿ޻ҲֻΪȻģȴûʹζ 
ɱģ¼Ļ¶һΪɱһʲô뱨ֻɣ 

һɸ涼Ѿ˳ȥΧǰΨһûжֵǳơ 
˰ѽϣôܶﶯأһȥغѽͬʱҲɱˣ 
̧ͷԽصӰڿǷĳѸһ㴩ӰףĴʹš 
Ҹô죿Ҹô죿 
ġˡ 
άս£ԽżӱңԽԽһƳۼֶվ﷢㶣ͷ 
ƶʲôѵΪ㸸ĸô˵һƣһѽսšһ󣬷׷õһߡ 
ƵһƬңֻƾűȥӦսֻһӰǰҲ룬ֻӳ 
ꡱһû壡 







ʮ 
ﲢûпƵĽ̹ҲǶ㲻ֻûжѡ 
϶˳ƲֻٶһġԼȥĳƶһġ 
ȻܲҵģǸһ򲻺õĶͽһΣˣĳף 
ꡱһûļΣһʹɼͷĵסһ㶣ȻЦˣָԼؿڣƫˣӦô 
̵Ͳʹˣ 
Ϊʲô׷ʲôˣΪʲôҪԼ 
뼡Ĵʹƻָ־Ȼ֣ԼŽһ˾ 
 
֪һˣʧȥ˼ֻһʶĽγ 
ѪѸٵĴӴȾǰ½޶Ŀһʢĵ 
˶ˣʵ벻һشСǳάսӦ٣׼͵͵ǰһƽʵʵıģ 
һɿ⣬ڵһάˣ콫£ 
ȺһƽƺһƻˣһֱǰҪȥץסĸ첲Ȼ̧ͷһţһѪ 
ѪжҿˣάһӼǰ˵ħһ֡ħ󷨡ԽѪ簵һѪҺко綾֪ǾĴ򷨣ֻǾаţӡΪ̡ 

ôһУ׷˿ֻгƴվϽ˼Ѫ 
άһͬСɣסֶƶۼѪɫʺ죬޶ŷ 
һ˽еˣ 
άɫ࣬һ֣׷ 
ॡһ죬˻ͷȥֻƵĳڵϣҲ˼Σȥ 
Ųĵĳ˳ңͿǰţ֪˶ԶҲ֪ߵס˿ڣѪָ£ڵϣͰ°ھ棬΢һɣŷȥ 

һƧڱǽϣϡ˽ţѪǱˣȻ׷ĽŲɽԶ 
˿ֻ˫Ҳ֧ţȻڵϡ 
Ѿˣһ˺ܶѪɣܸеڴһʧһӿæס죬ⷢǺѪˡ 
ά϶һֻȫֻȫ¡ڳܵľʹ 
ȻʹģǼͷϵˣ 
ԺֵĶǳһ龰ӰÿһĴ̳һ˺ѷΰľʹ 
ǺǣǶԼˣ 
ܹԼĶ̫ߣ̫ãΪۺʱεضվԼһߡѽ⻹ҪѽôĿôͼǲסѵأ 
ԣã 
ţ鲻ԽЦ˳һ˿ѪҲ˳¡ 
ģһԶߣһһṼ㡣 
˵һ˼֮ף̺Լ˵ĻʱֻĵĸжǷ̣ 
Ϊʲôʲôƫƫأ췢һԼ˵ϣÿ˵ЩĻʱ򣬶ס磬ֻպ֮ʱͽ˸С 
Լȼ֮ѽǼȻϵˣΪεҪݽȥأŪһǱʹ಻ 
һһҪôҲãͲܿˡ 
žӺȻӤĿĸ׵𣺡Ƕ˰ɣԱޣ̡ 
ȻǸ״Ũ˯ˣ 
ˣӣ 
ǺͿˣкڵȥأô 
ţòָڻȡһƿҩοƿſھȥ 
Ҫţ 





ʮ 
ʱ챤һĻҲʼˡǻڼϲУȻ֪һҹ֮Ѿ˷츲صı仯ǵıѾһĶˣ 
һĹԼҼһʰ緹Ȼ׼ȥ 
Сһ֧̯ӣȼһλʱڵͷѾˡһֻҰ֪˳ΧĽŴתͷ˵ϣǹǵͷһˡ뵽п˵ţҲֻ㬵˼¡ 

ͷҰ֣СϣשǽȻһֻһڹͷϡǹءһˣӡŹӡͷڵأմصĻҡ 
ֵʰͷһƤͷ˺һһ׽ 
ͷɢңմѪۣί٣ֻ˫۾˸ŻһĹʡ 
ˣҿᣬڳԶһͶǿԼȥҪֻлӳȥ 
ѾôĥѣȹôͷԼһҲܰȥΪڵѽ 
ʱķŭѾƽȥʹų˵Ӧ֪ʱ侲ͷԲҪ 
Թƣڳҵ˱ضѾеĹؿڰҶԱһѰֻȶҹʱ취뿪 
ڵĵ֮λ죬״ƶСȻƫƧᱻҵģʱôأ 
ʵ֤ԽʲôʲôԽÿ졣Ųٵһ˻ˣû 
װΧǰ 
̧ͷһдޡ˷ܵϿȥȴûӰ 
أ 
Ƕһ벻һ仰Ȼһ˴ҼٱȽƤ 
ƤѽЦˣЦЦ÷ݣЦŵҪֺη 
ǽվԼ˫ȲȥɫȴǰȻģèĹҺΣҪץҾһϰɣ 
Ǳģסˣ鲻Խһ뵽ٶųıʱŸ߽ųɱǰ 
⣬ӰѪɡ 
ӭѵһƴһˣһùĳתȥסԼˡƽʱ׾ٵĶڶ˵ÿһжҪþȫͷҲԽԽ 

ڣһѴҪͷʱǰһڣ赹ڵء 

ʱԼԷЩңϺʲô£ǼģһӰ 
ǵԼ⼸һֱţΪԼףȥƫƫֱסˡ 
ˣԼܸˣ˶˼ƻҹߡȻԼ͵ѽȣźţ˵ˣɱ˵ľ 
뵽һݣжϵļȫǵˣԼԼѽ壡 
 
ײײܳȥһע⡣ 
Ǳõ 
̨һ˲ǷˣҪɱˣģ 
Ҳû취뵽˫ű˳ȥֻһ㣬ȥ 
ҵ֮ǾǰסԼξأƶѾ˲ˡ 
ֻǲͣķɱ 
һ죬챤նһɢ㡢ĿЩٱ꣬ڽϷһܡ 

Ƹϵʱ챤˶ѾˡǶվĿǰ龰 
ʯ·ʯݵǽڶѱѪ۳ɺɫ⣬ûˣҲûʬ壬ʲôûС 
챤ļ궼ƾʧƵģӰˡ 
أˣǡƺȻȥͣŻ¡ 






ʮ 

׺еһƬҶӣţлУƺһܳܳΡ 

εСʱ 

ʱֻɣ׼ϵĿյ͵͵У͵ѧ书õĺӿˣǳЦŪ˵䣬Ȼñˡ 

һڵϣȫʹƽһԸҪúǿǿٲ˿ʱһˡ 

ӵȥ˺ܸߴ󣬱Źվţ̫ͷһҫ۵ĹΡһ˲䣬ΪԼ 

֪󻤷ĶӣͬʱҲǽͽܣֻ꣬ȴһϳɵһ˫˵ӣѾΪн˹ 

õʦ书пյʱҲָʶ֡˵˹ˣҲΪ 

ˡ硱ϲͷС 

Сܺáܺá 

ǵһڳʱˣڴϲܶ͵͵Եذοҩ 

Сԣ£ġ 

Сԣ£ûµġ 

Сϲѽһֱϲѽ 

ŵ㣬ʹģ 

Ȼúܹ죬ܿ£˫ţȻ½ 

ûľ磬Ұһ 

ͻȻ֣ڵĲǽķ䣬һڰС档Сݣһʣ 

һ亹ĴоѣеĶȻͣϣ鲻Խס˫ۡ 

Сˡ 


ǴӶ׷ͷϷԾ̧ͷһһԸٿס 

˵ӢӢĿʹ˹Ŀһбɽüһ˫ʤӥ۾һһ仰ٻͬҲֻһ仰Ϳ԰˴죡 


ɲ̵Ľ 

鲻Խɪһ£ԼѾǵˣŬʹԼ 

Сˣˣʮ죬ҶѲˡ 

΢΢һ㵣ǵģˣǡǸ˴̵ġͷһʹȴԸ¶ʴܡ 

죬ңҴɲˣ 

ѽ̳ʥҩκˡ 

ﰵϢȻӺ࣬ĵлѽϢǺͨԶһ˾ϸϹȥˡ 

֪Һܹ㣬ǽеֵȲ鵽Ϣʱ£֮ҲӭȥءƽҾͷˡ 

Ȼ۹⣬ȻеһƺֻһجζѣЦʲôǽеͽ¶ıϽֽ̳ˣʮĴӦſģĥ 


Сʲô˫üϽҶ֪ô£ҡ 

⿪½¶ؿһ˰̡һҼɥһ㶼ûйֹ㣬ûк޹㡣֪ҲãҲ㣬ɱҲ㣬ġ 


Ŀͣǵ˰ϣź̹ȥģ̵úȻȬˣ˺İ̺̺ۣۡ˵ĸо 

ƺһЩס֣СɣҺúòĿǷҷģǿ㲻ϲ¡治֪жҪ١ҲҪ˺ߡ 


һЦѽжҪҵʲôƽϣеֵܿϷŹô 

ЦɵӣǽҪ˭Ҷ 

һЦӵ̬ȣ￴װΣ૵ĵѽǽˣȻǰһ 

̾һһжɣֻȥݰϽĹ 




ƶ(36)ˮż~0~һ 
[ظ][ӱ][رձ][ˢ] 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 

񻹵ӳһ£˴ҵ~~~~ 
ŵһ죬ҵ۾ʹҪϹ˰ɣϽȥ~ 
ʮ 
ɲ̵Ϸһֺ֣ǽеĽأѶֻνԼϿɵ˲ʸȥ 
ھڽڴΪ˵һ˸Ͻ˵˵˷ȥֳˡ 
ڵӾͺһѷڵģеֵܿһԾý˵ҲӰ졣ںСڻصˣֻҪܲ˸ˣҪʲôС 

꣬һǲСˡ 
дһ˿춯˫üһ 
һӰԽڰһķɵڵϣϥأ쫷Ÿľ޲μ 
ɫЩͷɡͷ˵Ѿصˣ쫷°úܺãһһһν 
лľ޿ô˵ȴûҪ˼»Ҫ 
ŶЩͣﻹжûɲܱ 
¾Щٶ죬ƺѽ̵ļ󡣡 
ô˵ 
ͬһȥɱճƥȻȴƲ֣װ״ûᣬһ³֮󣬱Ӧһ˸ȴʧϢǰһǳƽܣʵ 

˵ˣĿоâһĵȥ쫷˽Խύԭʿͼ죬֤ȷ䣬м֮߸ɱۣ 
ǣ֮λ 
ˣ 
ľ¶һ˿ɫл 

紵ſʼƱɵҶɳɳ죬ʹƬտԵøļž 
ɲʮλʮƯţػһƬء 
ϴĹһðͩ£ͩҶƮ䣬Ϊ⾰ɱ֮ 
˼ҲƮҶһƮԶ 
Ѫ͵ϻʱֻʮꡣʱϽ״£һƬĻ̡̻ 
ûжϽĵһν˭УҲϽͽ 
Ƕһʱ֮ѡ˭Ҳ£ڰԼ 
ϽȻҲвӲټӣټҲͬʱˣϽΪΪͻĹϵΪأ˭Ҳ֪Ǿһ·ʹ޵ҲûʲôҰġ 

ϽеӶʳסжҪչˣҩιҩҲǡǵϽһ죬ϽҩȫͻȻʼΣʱ߿Ѫ 
ҩжȻҪϡ 
ôᶾϽأǵҩʱ͵͵һϽ˵Ҫ½ѡ͵͵ǶӸɺ裬ǾĶĿ⻰ȻҲҪ߾硣 

ҪҪɱϽҪʬϣڵ͵͵̧ͷȥҲȺУҲŴҵ顣 
ʱʹʹȴʲôû˵ 
ʹĵŽֵܵĶžȲѵģ粻ᶪܵġ 
Ȼ˼˳ȥһƫƧС£綼û¶棬ﻹǺܸˡ 
һϣ˯бҡѣһ˷ܵڴͷе鶼䶨˽еķһ 
ȻҲܸˣԸʵˣԼ˽ˡʱò֪ξҪͷˡ 
ɫ죬٣˺·߶˵С֪ôҳɹ֮ʲô 
ֻ֪ú¡ 
˵ѽҵСʱܶԼ˵ҵϽһ¾Ϊҵģ 
ıĿɲٶķ޺Ķûá 
һҹˣˣŵĶһʹȫ飡 
ǲǱ˶ãַ˶ãڱҵ˾һȻ˳ 
ӴԺ󣬾ֹģڣѾˡ 
ȥֻص 
壬Ѳ⣬⣿Ϊ 
ʲôվŻġһļͷҲ־عͷȥϻӣ΢΢һתΪĮȻûʲô 
Ҷɳɳ죬˶û˵Ĭ˰ΣʣСǲǻԹң 
ûش⣬ģ̸һֱҺܺãұ۸ˣ书ûǮᣬĹĹأʬǷʳҳãֵܱżüζڰнΧұλݺҲȫգЩҶġ 

ͷһȣС 
ôУڲȵˣǽֱӽֺˡ 
˵ţһЦЦݵþͺ߱紵ɢǶһƲԼһߣ紵½ҲҪȥ 




37 
Ȼã׺ɣҲҪǧĻۣȻı仯ȴֻһһϦӰһľޱ䣬ʵķҲֻһ˲ѡ 
һҹ֮䣬챤ϲ±ɥ¡ȻʹñһƬƣȥľ 
֮࣬ǶԱҲ˶෽²⣬֪Ϊϸȴǲ˵硣Խ˵Խɷн£Ĵʵ 
˵ٱѣ˽ύأ 
ҲǱƭ˰ɣ 
ҵܵܵϱĶ˵ٱ˵ĹϵǲѰʵ͸ 
ʲô 
ǲɲ岻¡˵ٱһˣιȥˡ 
ɣƸʱģء 
㿴֪Ϊ˭ģ 
⣬ң 
ߣǻϡˣ˭ѱФŶܶɼסˣ 
濴 
ЩԷﲢûдƵĶУκ鶼ѾܶáӿտյģҲտյġֻʲôʹʱʹìнѳ 
쿪ʼԲκζʹҲ³ֻҪһԶͻ뵽СصѪǰֳʬ͵صģö֮ʼŰĿС 

緢꣬Ծ˵ٶȥ 
˯ŵʱҲ˯εȥĸĸԼֻٵʱе޵Ľӽ 
˯ڶ߿ޣſۣӰԱߣϡ̡ 
ѹ̿޵øˣ磬ϲ㣬ϲ㣡˵仰Ϳ˳ȥ 
ȥıӰЩͿЩףֻƵ̾˿Ŀת֮䣬 
һĴһϮͷѹõ͵͵ģڿͰѶ 
֣ϵô 
ְôˣЦ 
ⲻ֪ȴûֻǾЩ˵Ŀ 
ҺܺѽҽܸˣЩһҵѡ˵ţƲ԰׵ƺ¶һЩϲ 
ѡʹⲻ֪Īһʹһתӵĳ嶯ɬһЦ֣ˣǴһʼͲѡ 
;ĺһ̧ۣô˵ 
ⲻ֪߻ص棬Ҳ棬ڴϵ 
һһ߳һסˡ 
ڡ 
ﵱ챤ʱģ 
֣㵽ڻô 

ɽеƺǱҪһЩɲ̵̳һɽ֮ϣͱڣ޴ԮֻһΪܵľŶɽ塣 
ǽ̳ıؾ֮أֵȴɽ¡һֱǼįģֻниϲ 
˶֪ǽĹͣðҲ֪ϲ徲ԶԶҴš 
ﳣһ˶ţŵɲɽ 
ɽһĨɫסߡһҰջǵǰʱ򳣳ǿһֻɽ±ߣ紵˪򲻵 
Ȼ룬Ļϲϼţϼۣڽǰһͦô 
뷨Ȥ̲ס̽ȥȴһ˫ִأȻ󱻽ȦڶԷůš 
С 
дġЩ־̾ϢЦˣ 
ΪҪȥ 
оϻƵֱսЩŵģҲҪͲȵڣôѹҶˡѵ֪Щ˾ҰһԽ˼̤þԽߣһ 

˵㲻ҰݣԷĻ 
ЦЦҲ硣 
󣬻ȥɡ 
˵ͷԼߡ 
Ҽǵ㻹иӣͷҲɣһúչԼһ 
ڻ⼸θ֮ԣҲֻĵӦţ˺˵ɡ 
˵Ѿסǰ棬󻤷Ѻ 
 
üһ£ 
гɣһﵭĵȥ°ɣùҡ 
ЩȥҽѾ߸׼һǵóȺȡҴҽ˼䣬ˡ 
ȴڻطŲԶһƬ÷ȥ÷ûпͺͺ֦ЩЦ 
һɲͽߣӣ 
ĵɨһۣʹ̬ȵǺܹ 
ǽȥǰˣ 
վŲҹӵġ 
Щ죺ң 
̧Ҿ㡣 



Ϊһ£ûɣ 


ʮ 

ڼˣ 
̧ͷݣȴغãһ˫ϲõĹâǼЩʡǳƣ 
￴һʱ䲻׷ʲô֮䣬ѱӵԷС 
Һ㣡 
оԷȵ£գգۣȷⲻΣҺģһڽţˣˣˣ 
ֻȥӵסһ˻ȥ 
ȴûע⵽Щ˿гطϲãܵһжѱԺؼƺֻʣ»е壡 
ﻹţãõվԼǰã 
ΪˣΪǽûطһ죬ٲȥ챣ӣ㻹ţ֪޹ˣԭҺòãʲôҲҪˣʲôҲˣһ˭ҲҲĵطһúùòã 

ߣһһ䶯˷θȻĶУһһ㸡ͷľΣ 
֪Լ޹ˣΣµ񣬻ǰһô 
ο˭ҲҲĵطôǣΪ˰껹ǻ±ƣôѽ 
㡭ſԼȴѾȺ˳ 
ſһ󾢷ϮƱ˼һֻֽһߣȴǻɱˡ 
˭ 
˭ 
ʣͬʱסڣĿлһܶʱŨĻҩζ 
ưѾԲ³Է˭ˡһδɵëͷСӣҲҸǱ߳һ˿Ц 
ħ̽ 
ݳģ㸸ĸټ޻ȫǷ֮˵Ĺϵ 
ⲻ֪Ļڶ˲ף־ŭеһжǡ 
δ˵꣬ѱһƷϡ 
󵨿ͽô̸õݳ˵Ļᣬȥһơ˼ɱĸ֣ã˶ʱһ 
һӰѸޱȵĲ֮䣬һƻ˳ƣתֱܲ滪Ʒ硣һƽҪ壬Ӳס 
ת򻪾лҪ˵вУ¶ɣּһ䣺һ 
һЦ˵һߡ 
Ҫ˵ʲôƵĺܻţܲõԤͷ 
ﴹ룬ɬȻһЦҵúܣҲ֪˵ʲôʵµĻл˵ô 
һʹ㻹Թңô 
˵ԹģЩΪѾͻˣһеĿɬȴֲϵӿ֪ʹѾˡ 
ҲԹôԩңңҿԲںұԩˣ㲻ܣȫµ˶ԩң㲻ܣΪĶѾͳѽ 
ʹó絶ʣȴҲΪԼ⡣ 
˵ҪңһӶ뿪˵ô棬Ҿɵɵˡû뵽ڿ˵Ҫҵˣְѽҵ壡 
ѾȬ˿ڣʱȴ־ʹ̣ʹر˫ۡƵĵȥȴƿ˺һָԼĿڼ˵֪ôʹúʹʹҲԭ㣡 

ҲԭҵĲΣԭҲ֪᲻ỹһΣ 
ģ 
ʲô֤ôȻĿó鲻Խһ㵱Ȼĵضұ֤ЩʲôѾûȥӡ֤һˡˣ 
ˣʵȲ±ߵСҲȲϹԭϵҰݣۡʹį顣ѾƯӣֻҸĸúõЩһЩЩôʣô 

תָŻˣĺϲ㣬ңһǲԭ㡣Ȼˣصȴʼһشңһ⣬ܲģһֱ֮Ҳֶˣ߰ɣȡ裡 

ﵽ˵ʲôΪʲôЩֱͷԻãȻ۾򻪾¶΢ЦҫƵ§סǵ˵Щʲôﾹûлرܡ 

ֻǰһڣӻ˼Σڵĥټϳ;棬Ѿʹٱȫƾжһִ֧ŵڡ 
һڣʱӿһǱ˿ȥ 
̾˿ӲãǸϽ뿪Ҹطȥɣ 
⻹ôǰԼЦȴҲܸܵе⣬Ȼºͣȴ͸žȻĮȻ 
ѾˣʹѪüͷҲһ壡 
ʲôأȡôһѪҪѪô¸˲źáǣǰ 
ҧҧ㱣أ 
Ȼתȥȴûע⵽һ˲ 

紵ţĹƵӰѾţʧڶɽСȴʼͣʧһϡ 
һ¡ 
ʲô࣬Ϊס硣 
ѺҶܻЩݣŹòã 
һС˵ʲô 
ͷ磬ǰƴӣǾ㣬㣬ɲɵӡĸһ֪ôҲɽ·Ҳǣ 
γĿȻӰΣڰ 
ˣ 
һɲͽӦ 
ȥճɽֵҲ 
ȥˡ 
Сǻȥɡ 
ﲻ𣬷ߵȥˡɽ紵ĳƮƮǳĵƮɡ 
ճյؿСҼˣĺ㲻֪жమ㣬ϳ㣬ٲᰮˣ 
ôɬȻһЦ㰮ңôأ㰮Ҫң㰮ǧټƺңͶ· 
Цİ̩ɽҳܲ𣡡 
ɫ䣺С˵ʲô 
˵ʲôӦˣôʱһ챤ֻ֪гƺⲻ֪ƲẦҺĸǾֻʣⲻ֪ˣͺһһڶô򵥡ұһֱ֣Ϊҵɲ̻֪ôΪⲻ֪ɲ̵Ӧǲǣ 

Ŀʵ̫ȻԼķˡžȥѾǵǸ鵥Сˡ 
㲻˵ǳˣ 
Сˣ 
ЦұˣǲǣЩ뵽˺ܶ࣬ŷԭҼʹ뿪ɲ̣ҲûգȥҴˣ˵һ飬ʲô©ĵط 

һǰ뿪㲢ûоʹ˴Źҡˣ֮ʱѾ˼ƻԭִɱ¾Ȼ޻ңƵͶ·ùԹԵĻصߡû뵽ҾȻ˭Ҳ޷ҵȻ㲢ûзⲻ֪Ǳԭд̽ҵϢְϢɢøʿץңһ̵һʱȻףΨһ˵ĶԲԣ 

µã̾˿ֻûǾȻˣֻⲻ֪㵽ɽȥ 
ֻ벻ǣ·ɱһƣҾȻᵽ֣ﻹǻʹѪʱģȥһѣǲܣԼʱֻҪ¶һ˼ͱסˣ 

¶ŭɫߣǸСʲôãֵȫȫ⣿Ϣ뼴ʹĻСϣʲôãֻøıƻɱĸȫġԼҲˣһĶ㣿 

һСԹԻصߣֻҲܱ㣬ֻҲϺӣ㻹ô 
ףҵȻˡ۾ЦóʹٵԼһˣȻڿڿ˵ԼôЦֻҪڵһ죬ңߵԶкӹ 

֪Ϊʲô㵽ָŶţѾˣֻľ֧ţƽʱߵʱֻҪһ𡪡 
Ľһ壬ŶʱȻѣ 
Сô 
һȥס±ߵĶţֽȴεزס 
ɫұ䣺С㡪˼˿δڳ̾һЦˣˣܺһ𣬷򸴺󣡡 
ֻһ׹䣬ڽ£һоޱƽ 
뵽˸ĸ뵽ȥ¶뵽ɽӣ뵽˺뵽˳ơ 
Լľ͸İɣûϵģ鰮̣ʹһᵭȥԼȻʧȥ¶һֻϣҵҸʱ򣬻ܹǵãһˣйһι 

½⣬ͼסԼĺã½⣬ʹǺޣҲҪ 
ڶӹƺں֡ 
ôңԶģôУڶߡ 
ô 
鲻Խ¶һ˿΢ЦͬʱҲ 

ƷϣѪͣ 
ħһصڶߣһֱ֮Ҳֶˣ߰ɣȡ裡 
˾飿 
ʹʹķΡۡһһѪ³ 
һѪͻȻ 
ԣﲻ˶ᣡ 
ײײܻȥǶŴжѣ໥˵ȥ 
ֹͣˡ 
 
˺ѷεĺصɽ֮Уþòɢ 

Ħгˣ鳬~~~~~~~ 


ҪĴԲ~~~~~~̾~~~~~~~~(39end) 

ʮ 
ףʲôʱأ쿴ʱû֣ 
ģɽ£ԶĴУһķ㴣ͷϵĻδɣȻ޲á 
һԷվڷǰʵ֣ɽҰԶ̵ĵط˭һѷؽأ 
ڡڡĹϵ֣ϧīˮʵޣʲôѽôôֵ֣ 
 
Դһ˭ 
һȴΪѻͷ˴ǻˡһˡ𣿡ˡгôģһ£һȻϵŮҪö࣡ 
㡭ʲôˣһţ˵Ҳ 
ңţҽ 
Է飬ɫȻò԰ףĹٿǰò񻰵İˣ㡭㡭㡭 
һҽУҲתȾܣй׷Ƶġ 
׽Ūˣһ̾Ӱ߳ڰ˵΢вݣһ˫ȣͣڰʱǷ˹⡣Ȼ԰˵ЩΪȻȴʼմᡣ 

һۣߣ׽ŪˣⱮϵֲôҲôˣֿдģ 
ƽ͵˶Ѿħ̽ͬھⱮΪʡ鷳ӴԺ˲ڣеĶԹҲ֮һʹã 
֪ 
㻹 
ѽ 
ѽƿЦҡͷʯ֪Ǽٵģɿ֮Ĺʱﻹ鲻ԽһеĪĺ£һ̾Ҹϵ±ϣȥüɢû 

ʱĲңҲ鲻Խ̾Ϣҵʱѱ˱ľģֻȻŹңɴͬھˡȴû뵽Ȼ֣Ұɽ¡ 
˵ĻôСҾˣǵãǷҵģ 
֮䵽˭Ƿ˭ѾˡпܣﵽԸͬһȥΪ֮ĶԹ¾㡣 
ô 
ҡ֪书չʮ꣬ǽԼĸһ㣬ͬʱҲһ֮ĶԹ˵Ҳ˵ԼŪҶǾǰǺޣ 

ƳĬΣ˵ҵҺƺȻӦú־Щõʱ֪ϧʧȥһô˷㾡ȴһա 

ѽǸúˣǸⲻ֪ҲзݣȴǷ 
̾˿޴վǰ֣л֮ģڲǶĳͷο̹һУ֮ܵԽ⿪ЩмлǰһҾûлˡ 

¶ǵ⣬ȴ޶ԣңˣ˵ú֮Ѿˡ 
γȴûĻȴʣһֱ㣬˵㰮˻ΪҪͬھ 
ɫ˱䣺޹أ 
ôãʹ㲻ҲסΪζҪһ·ΪңֻҪŵһ죬ͲŹңǲǣ 
Ըԣƫͷģȴе㶨Ҫ顢ԸôҲ㣡 
ưӵֹסĵĸжѽôŤŤÿ׿ɰҵ⣬ҾţҲ壡 
ţѽǰţˣţôôҿһֻ˵ĲӬ࣡ 
ǺãҾһֻ˵ĲӬ㵽Ҿ͸㵽Ҳ߷㣬˦Ҳ˦ 
һ˫һƵֵ𿪣ңߣôԾҡȵҲԾȥʱһϡ 
˾һߣһ׷иȥ׽ԲصϷȻ֮䣬һϵ 
ôˣӻûóʲôӢۣ嵽ߣͷһȻôΣѱһг˼ 
סзѪ΢΢һЦҾ֪˵öôӲʵõġ 
ɵϣﱳȥҪˣԭװ⣡һ˵һ߾߿ֻһȴȥˣҲࡣ 
Ҫȥ 
˭ǡǡ 
ǺãҪȥ 
ȥɽѺӻ 
Ȼأ 
ȻҸû˵ĵط̫ƽӣ 
ĵطô 
ֻҪһֱͣȥܻҵġ 
ѻպƣ֪Ӻʱڽɢ 
̫ˣ 

end 

**************************************************** 

 ƶɷ 

˵֮ҲţǿʳĽνֻ˵İϷˡ 
ҲֻԼ 
ҵĸǸֵʦŵʱĬĬţ˸ǲֵһᣬʣ¹¶ĸҡҴԹ̬ůһң 
ҴӸõһѵ˻ţҪ²ֶΡ 
Ҽɲ̣˳ǡħ̡֮ЫҲںֻ֪ǲʵԸ 
ʱħƺովһı䶯еԪ϶ɱս˺ܶˡ¼ʼĩûдҲںֵط֪ԽԽȫ 
ܿңԽ书ᵽλãȻһ񽻸ҡ 
Ϊˣ»صԭ֡ 
ҵǡⲻ֪ר鱨ΪĽ죬úܳɹħר鱨ΪѼ鱨ͨкѣ 
ҵһˣ˵ǰħ̵ͽϽǱˣڲ֪ҲףΪҪ˷ôȥһˣѾûκв˲𣿶ҿһɵΪ˳޶µˡ 

Ҿȥ׵£Ҵʡžǽҵɡ 
ǵһ죬ϣһοǸˡ 
ʱͬһּۻۣ߹һ 
֪챤ٱҲ֪챤ĽλȻҲ֪ӵ۸ڶġٺ٣ңֿ֪ûмӣүδرⲻ֪ 

Ҵһֶļ飬ſ˴ûͷһ졣 
ϵ鷢ˣںˮСʧ㣬ֻˮͨԼϾŵĸ׵İ 
ħһԻҵҼȥĸסʲôҲû룬ôԾУֱǺ˼ˮżԼǲˮġ 
ģ˰˰ʱȶǸ˴ЦʱôۣҸæְ۾ϡ 
˵̨գ 
ң֮ѣ׳ʿ 
ңĽֵΪˣ̸Σ 
Ǻǣ֪ҵΪˣǸļһ 
ϣཻͬǻһϷŪ˭лὫӵŪƹ֮ϡ 
һȻʶٱмʶҵˡ˶ڰͽҵ֣үύһ죿 
ֻһʡµĽŵʲôֱԲ䣬˵һʧݡҲˣλүȴɫһλǳĳѣ¼ȻҶˣ͸ˡ 

ȻҾͱţͷһĳּǺͷЦѡ 
ȻΪүʵǲˣܲϣȥģǡ 
ٺҵǸδҪҼʱ˴أһ֣ܶ˶ǣھڣơ 
ԹۣԽԽҸԼʲôѣ˲Ϊ 
ǣȴƲԼĪļ£ϿεĿһеĸо 
һֵеѣ 
"ֻΪǳ£ҿż֮ѵ溺ӣʱҾͶԼ˵ҲҪʶһ 
ˣŲأ 
棬ƣ棡Ȼˣ 
۹⿴ңңң֪룡 
һûɱάǸһϵ֪꣬ҵˣҵĵˡ 
ˡ 
֪ڷޱ䣬֪Ǹҵʹࡣңֻܶ 
ûеõ徲ϮˣϮҵԭȵͬ顣 
߹롱οǲ߹ 
ҽӳ֪鲢ûꡪħҪɱˣûĿܡ 
ҺȻȥһ£һ͸ȥ¡ 
ȥ챤ּȻټʱȴϲˡҼֱûа취ǰ뵱Ǹ緢ϵ 
˵Ӧ˵ĻҲ֪׶ǲԣҿɫ۾ϣĹâ 
㹻ˡ 
ԺֻܴӷŵĽȡš˵ƺħ̣ħ̽ԼɱĸͬͬھҲ˵ԭ챤µһƣЧµ꾣´ϧһд۲ħ̣ߣ˵֮ϵԭ˼Դס֮˵硣ĪһǣȻΣȴֻԼ֪ˡ 

Σˣǧȷƺǻû֪Ҳûټǡ͵͵ƺû 
ħʧ˽ȺףɴΧɽӴһ겻ԭӭʱƽ 
תۼѾ꣬ԽЩҵѾǵԺеȥħ̣Ҳٱἰ 
ڽдתû׷ɱӺɣҺȻԼǰʵڿЦǧǰһһֽѻһֳԼҲ 
ʱҾͻǸ꣬ͷůģܾڶЦ 
ƹ񣬸̳ϺõŮ죬Ҫ졣 
Ϥ񡭡ǺǣѾòˡ 
壬ûУҵ涼ȼˣСȥ㡣 
ˣˣߣƢԽԽˡ 
˵Ϊܡ 
⺢ӡ 
¥ĽŲ˽̸ԽԽԶȴѾӲŲܶˡ 
 
ԵȥҿһһСӰǰͣŵһǰ 
Ȼ󣬳ƿһž̽һ͵걧ԹȴֻЦţƺֻʣһˣ˵ʲôЦˡ 
ǵ̬һԵĽֶʡ 
ҿǺ˳ȻԼ˸ϳλϣһ 
ǳꤵ뿪 
ҺȻվ⣡ 
ѽ¥ˣ 
ʲôǶ¥ 
ȶ˰ɣ 
ǵģЩҵȷǺȵֻ̫ܹ࣬һſڵϣǳӾȥ 
ģ˫ۣҺȻޣжޣ 
Щҵһη֣ԭ 
Ըǣ 
ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
ƷԻ,˲κθݰȨ
