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ТʵܲԼǰɧŪˣֻóвϽҳţһҼСѨá
Тδ䣬Ѿ˲嵽˿ջ⡣
ˣǷʰТһۣЦ߳˿ջĴš
СҶˣҲȥ
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Тüͷһķµļָ·ߵһˮС㿴ǳˮûУҿɲ鷳߹ȥúõǳˮһݣȻٻߴĸܡ
ТݲеƤѾҪȳǽķȻȥųˮһ֮󣬻Тϴĵˡ
˵꣬±һĿʼұ棺ϴȥˮһգҶ֪ѾӢֵزǳˮ޷ڸһ˿һĹʡӵӰУҿһӢԼһ棬Σٷ磬Ӣ˰˼˰Ůɱ֣
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ЦТ̧ͷƣʮŵͷϡСſڵװ
ǸǲʶԲʶ
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⡭е㲻֪ˡ
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ҲŴȥǿ̫Ϊ˲ƻԼǰֻòڣƴͷ
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Ѷŵ峵ȥֻСȴͻȻ˹ȥŰ峵һطƴֱС
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ܿ죬һ϶ТһС鲼
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ˣͷϴոЦú ǳǳ֮ 
˻ղſ龰һ̲ס˸ս
Ȼ֪ϴеģϴǹ ЦɫԿŵǸǸŮġɫ ЦǸ̫Ǹֳ̫ôô˾ǸɫŮɫǶ˴꣬ôôȫë

 136 

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һݣ㿴һӺ棬żð۴ʦ

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ϻˣ£ͷúˡȻļƻһ·٣Ǳ˷ˣֻ˵ˡ
ϰѷΧ
λǷʲôˣҪץҷܵиɰɡˡһԼ˯ڿջĴȴѾˣֱ⼸ŵһĸΧ˭˭˵ġ
װˣ㲻ŮʧٰҲضŮʧٰشϵǱҪ¡һγ˽
ҡôᡭʱˡǷ
ЩѾٺϻˣһó˱
ǲö֣Ҹȥͷ𡣡ˣۿǼ˵ֱȥء
ˣУҪ㣬ͰԼѨϡ˿ڵ
ָֻԼһ㡣
Ȼˣ컥ֵĿһۡ
һǰӻһѷ˸ʵʵ
ǰѷ̧˾ߡ

 140 

߷Ѻ˵;УǱ߱˵Ѩ廨ФɽѾ͵ˡ
˵Ļı֤ݣ֪ܲҿһ¡ʵ
˵һӣͷⱾϼʧŮӵ֣ǵĻ񡣡
һֽӹһáôģȻ˸ݺˡ˿Фɽ
ﰡûãʵ㽻ҪǷ˰ﶯֽţǧҪ޻ֺ˵Ѩ廨͵ǰФɽԼͶȥһί
ίˡسŽӹӵĻᣬ͵͵ͶФɽһ
ش򿪲ӷ˷ȻЩʧٵŮӵĻֶⱾϡ
ⱾǴĶģȻҲ֪ⱾһǴԼӷҳģȻ֪ʡ
ͷⱾǴФɽͷѳģ˵һ˵һ߻ФɽͶȥһߺ޵
ͷФɽһĻĺ֣Ͻֶ̣ŮгǰҪ
ѵǾƾһ϶ɵģϵĿһۡ
ɵģʲôúĶľ֣ȴƫƫҪصشԶܵƫƧĸ˵
ΪʲôҪƲ˰Ѻܽӵʮӽ˱˵Ŀڴа
ФɽסͬһҿջмΰҹȥȾƣûҵˡͷ˵ѵⲻ𣿡һ϶ӡ
ɽΪˡҪ˵ſأҹú˯˺ʲôơ㲻ãⱾӾ͵͵ҼҺɽͷȥġһи̣һ߰˵ò¡ͻЩѾ˻쵽ʿмȥˣ˾һˡ
ͷҵұõṩ֤
ͷõ־ФɽϷֵġ˵һ־Ϊ֤
ФɽЩʧٵŮӿ°ߵģصɴۣŭ״Фɽһȡ
ǣԩФɽΪԼԩĺԩ֪ҪңǣĻᡣ
֤ȷ䣬ٽƱҲûõġһӣФɽѺȥź򡣡ˣϷȫףɴ˳Щ˵ˡ
ӦФɽջ˽ȥ
ʱͻȻмŵĲɱһض˵˼䡣
ʲôؼֱԼĶ䣺˵°ˣ
⼸϶ĵͷȷʵǷ¼úȷʵ°λ
ôܣ֪ⷽТеģףҲܰТץߵġץȥҲûðа룬ЩһФɽǵٶһˮ
ȻˣǾͼ̽׽ù鰸һĿڵ
ԼĶӶˣ˵ĶӾ͸ˡһҾ˳ǵץһֱץǿΪֹ
⼸ȥصķԸ׽ù鰸ȴû뵽Ѿŵֵ廨̧˹
ͷⷽջ°һָűƵķش
һ£Ⱥʿɾը˹ˡ
ôܣӾԲˡ
ͷҸ湫ӾԲ
ˣһǸˡ
ܣԲܡ

̲סͷⷽǺܳɹȻûһΪпܻɳĻ֮£ԼǸӾôͷľֵĻͷ̫ʧˡ
ⷽ°⼸ŵĲʵ
ǼǼŵĲص
أʵ
ⷽջ°һ·٣Ǳˣ㽫ս֮УһɢỤ̃޷ȵɢȥͻȻˡװͿ˵иǰ˵޷ֻýץ˻
ТǱץˡ˿ưˡ
ЩʿڵȻЩۿģдˡͰѷФɽһ̿һЩ俽ʳ
˵꣬վˮջȥ
̧ŷ˽ȥ
Ⱥʿһʱˣ
ôǶ˵˷Ӳǻˣǻץ
ŸòץˣӲץɣ
ˣϷˡ
ʱֻһҽдӿջﴫ
ǷӵڶԷˣ˾
֣ͣͣ֡˸Ž
ʱһĲҽ
Фɽ˳
Фɽȷʵпɣⷽӿ޹ġ
ʱФɽͷĲҽʼ˷Ĵ˵Ķڡ
˷ӣϽ˷ӡȺʿʼˡ
м䣬зʵӵмȺбĵĽɫ
ջеĲҽڲϵĴ
ˮջ¥һ䷿
ФɽһϺȲ衣
ͷҲ֪ô£ֻ˯˸˭֪һƬСˣָңҪҰ˽Ҷ֪ô¡߿ࡣ
ڴڱߣһ͵˵飬һﲻϵķĲҽ
Űһߵķ̾ҸԼװװô
ҳϡФɽͬҪҼװ̣һװôġ
һʱͦõģûȤ
޾ϲƴͷ
ȻԸ⣬ε˽֮󣬾͸߰ɡ̾
ƴͷ
ԺһҪúøɡʮҲ޾ϲҪԼСţԼԺڵŵĶϢ練ơ
ԺһҪŬҲϲˡиСţ˵ȥӰ
ʱѾڵúˣȺʿҪŰѷЩѾҪӲջˡ
ŵļһϽſڡ
ͷôȥžҪˡǵĿ˿棬³桭
áغܸɴĴĻȥҸղѾҴˣҪӲҲ̫ƴװװӵһͺˡ˼ҶǶ֣ҲװװӵһͿԼװ򲻹ܿˡ
ЩҪʿͻҾʿͻҵҪЩҸɵʲôҰЩ°Ĺ͵˳ǣҲøҸȳЩΪлȻСεļ룬úغĵ
ФɽһߵͷǰǰҾҺˣʲôϵءҪǸϽ¸˽ˣҵʮһصҵ
ܿģĳЩĵ˵ɿ֮£߿ʼˡ
Ǳߵ˽صӦһ£㿪ʼˡ
һȺ˳¥
ӣߡͻȻһȺһס˷Ӵ˳ȥ
Ҫ׷Ͼǰס
ͷһǱݵġһᶨĵǰ
ӺܿǱФɽݵġָФɽ
εؿФɽ㿴˼ҷԵãôŰ˵ٿ㣬ô˼һ£е˾Ͷˡ÷ʡˣ
Фɽ޹ﰡû취е˶ҰĶľԹͷӣǻģûҲȻ¡
ؼФɽҡҡͷ˵Ʒ
Фɽ̧ͷ컨壬ֻûԼױӵ
߻ҵ龰Ͼ˱˼ٰ۴ʦ
ãܺáҳ˾ͽִڸ꣬סذŵļ֣ǿԿʼ׼Ұͳˡð۴ʦһӡ

2

⣺Ϧ
˵ЦТСν֮ΪСһ䣺ҺҼ๫Ҫңһʱ䣬ʱûȻѧԺȥһʱɡֻصѧԺ
죬ЦֵܽȥգТ¿ɸɣټеȣТ˼ҽ飬һƬʯ¡
ТûãԼүү͵ѧԺѧҲˡ
ʱ𻹲֪ТЦ˵ʵԱ𣬻һֱΪЦеģТŮġһһֱүүԼҪ󡪡޸ЦΪԼռĿꡣ
ˣһֱЦߵŮТе⡣
һТҲʯˡ
˵֪֪ٹϦˣһװһӣһߵϦڿŮӱĺûᣬҴ͸Цء
˵꣬ƳТһۣתˡ
ߣǸεεӾ֪϶һ߻ô
ϦڡŮӱĺûᡭТ룬ͻȻһɱЦȥˡ
ִõĻᣬôСӲСľʹأһҪסûᣬһ¶ҵ⡣
ТɱЦͷֵյĿյأһĵЦһСӣ
ЦһТһ߷ɷڣ˸յ˳
ôˣЦТʵ
˵ϦˡТ⣬޵㽣Сӣһ͸ҺòãҴ㲻˼˵ڵˡ
áһֻһС£ЦһڴӦ
ЦӦˬ죬Тжʱ޵ϲáСӹȻҺⰡ
˼գТ֡
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ТһϵŵͼϲˣֻëʲôѵҼСë겻ɣ
ʲôë꣡ţҺúÿֻԧòá
Тùңϸ˿ҿῴֻֻë꣬ԧӰӶ
ë꣬ôԧ졣ТôֹͲҪˡ
Т˵ﳤȥ
ʲôëֻ꣬ԧ죡ŽţТıӰ󺰣ǼʣǼʣ
ĺТȫûֻһ¡
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Тӿ˲ӣһ·СЦȥˡ
ТҵվڳҶϸڱṦЦ
СӣҵһԧòãТվڳ߶Ц
ô˵ҶѾˡЦ
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ðɣҾҵһһԧ㡣ЦһΰݵТɫ֮¡
ﵽĿĵТ۵Цˡ
һЦǣʢЦոȥ
Цɫһ
Ц̫ˮˡЦŬţԼˮҲԼɫԵġ
Ϧǰһ죬ТһƬСֵʱ
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ӮôûôıҲŲμءТҡͷ̫ˣһѵҲֵһ
˭˵ӮûôġİТһۣδĽһŮôءҪôķڷмŮõһÿ˶ԴӦһ¡
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һ֪߶õСѾͷҪڳһμӾӮ˵ӺòãТòѪ
Ҹ㣬мü˵Ҷ׼Ҫ͸ЦġĻТֻعͷ
üǼТɫƵ׷ʵ
ʮɡش
Сӣ̫зˣТ޺޵ҧסӡ
ѧԺܹҲʮŮѧȻʮҪ͸㡣ˣ
ТɫòÿˣϸʵҪЦ̫СʮŮѧͶҪյһࡣʮܻеġ
ͻǱҼСҪ㻹ǺƤҪˡТƳһۣûιȥ
ҪұӮˣǲǾʮҼСзǷ֮˲ҸҼСӣТ֤
Ű۵˵ͷӮôܣ
Т۾һתͻȻһЦĶ˵ƽ㣬ôķϣӮ֮󣬻ǻҸҼСӵġƽܲܰز⴫ļϡ涾ŪֵҼʶһ£ǰŰëԧ͸ҼСӣҺžȥ͸ˡ
аֻҪӮʶһŵϡ涾ʲôϵ׼ТӮ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
־ݣ־ݡТֽʣ־һš
ˬǩˡ
Ͻȥң԰ǡɿһ㰡Тһ䡣
Т־һգϲϲܿˡ
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СӣСӣӦ͸ҵûУТһߺţһ߼ƿš
ףСأТ¿˿ûпЦ
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Тĵ԰ȥˡ
Тֵĳ嵽԰óʱҰˡ
⣬⣬ѾͷôôƯ
ڶЦİĽߣɫҲҰˡ
ԼòȲ˼ңŮҲȲ˼ˣʲôȥ˼أˣǳİɡ
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СӣҪ͸ҵأңѾϦˡ
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һԧƯТϵһԧ죬ЦЦһմ
ЦʹıۡܿܿЦĬš
ΪʲôپЦһĳմôô뷸أΪʲôһɿڵ˼ĵģԼһڳԵĳ嶯أ
ҵТͻȻҵһЦҲ˶ˡ
ТŵһԭһƬ֡ЦôһСһ
Тһ֮¶ʱӻϲˡ
ôһһԼСӣЩСһһԺĺˡ
Т̲סԳЦ
Цһ֮¶ʱͷʹˡٿôֱøóˡ
ˣԼҪ̲סˡ
ТƫƫҪյƯǰţ۾գšջް
СӣãТ˫ңЦ۵顣Сӣҵ⣬ϣȫˡ
찡ջʵ̫ǿˣ
ЦסۣϽԶ㣬ȻҾҪƲסԵˡ
ТԣԺ˺졣
ҪңҾԡТһ˵һ߱۰սЦİѺ촽΢΢
ۿԵһ˵زЦĻл˵ֻݺݵӣТ촽ҧȥ
ТҲҧȥ
ûҳ㣬ôֳԻЦˣҧȥ
ϣΪһǲܳԿģСӣҧһΣһҪҧСТȻҧȥ

һϦڣ
ǻҧҧȥҧȻҵ˹ͬ

 142 

ЦһƬƾֱ׷˳ȥ
ֱûг׷ȥķȷģֿܿǸТӰ
ЦĨĨղŵ̼ᣬĸץТ
˿ТڼžҹɫУ˵ĽֵϷɱšһתһ䣬֮䴩š
ЦһԶľ룬Сĵĸ
Ṧܺã϶࿸˸ˣȴٶһӰ춼ûС
˵еӣԼǲأЦһ߸һ߿˼
ԼʲôʱһṦܺãҼܹ˵أ
Цһ׷ˣһŬš
ãṦܺõֵز˲࣬һ˭ˡ
ⲻϴδѧԺͼҪ°ТĽһ˾ͽ
Цжʱһľϲ
ֻҪץס⽭һٸһͣǿɾܻһӵİ
Ц۷ŹĿ˾ͽıӰ
ϴۿȥˣϧȴˡһΣӳҵģ
һעҵˣ
Цֵĸеһȴûע⵽ڲԶһ˼ҵݶϣӰ˾ͽᡣ
ǱˣлȻСκǵŮлΡ
һɵĸţһС졣
첻ЦЦṦнˡСĵͷͽݣִ书һ̾ͻᣬһͨѵõӵ˵֮һҲûǽ뷨̿Ŭʵʦĺο
С㿴ЦЦôСлʵ
ܺðлεͷǸТҶϲ
ŮϿˣлȻʵ
лٵͷϿˣң̺ФɽҲϿˡ
һе˶ѾϿˡлȻһϲɫתСεӣǺܿҲһңȥˡ
šСεͷһ㽣ǿԿʼ˸촬ˡٹϼ꣬ˣЦЦҲܶһˣͿԳȥ̽ˣ
ҲҪȥһг̽ô£лϾ˫Ҫμӡ
̽տɵûٵʱ䣬ȥһˣܵûʱ䣬ߵĿҪˣġ߹ݡô죿лȻ
㿴лεϿˡǲԼ
ˣСҪﵱȻġСΰлȻһۡ
ӡлȻίؿСΣֻ𣿡
лģ˵ʵʵͲҵ׵Բԣл޿̡˵𣡣
˵ôܲ׵Ҳüë۾ҳһģһлȻ֤ݡ
Ҳ׵üë۾㳤һҲһлη
Ҿ׵лȻлεۡ
ҲŲţǳңлҪ
ҪĻлȻ룬ڵðɣʵҲ׵
㿴лβ㱻Լ׵
ող˵ҲġлȻϺָ
ĵҺһ𻹸˼ҡлβʾ
ӣ㿴Ů̫ˡлȻСθ״ˡ
˼ող˵ҲŮġлΰȻ
ӡ㿴ŮлȻšסлεĶ䡣
㿴๫лšȥ

СͷʹذŶͷת׼һɵ˼ĸŮ
ô˺ǴڸﶵȦӡֹһ֮лͻȻ
лȻҲͬӣҲ˵ΪǿɡǶߣۿҪǶˣͻȻͷȥˡһ·ȥѡԶ·ơ׼˻˸Ȧʱء
ȻˣСϸһ𵽱ȥǱ߿ܻе㶯ҸžˡСοڵ
Ůһ˵ͷһ㣬һȻȥ
ָһСαȷˣ˵ȷڹⶵȦӡΪסǣ㱦˸ɵʲô
ȻˣǾͲٺ˾ȥˡҲãóô˻ᣬҲָһЦʵսӦеӦǷȱˡС룬ö⡣
Сν²һ׷Цԡ
ЦһͷС˿
ЦЦȥТСζЦ
ˣЦֵСΡ
Сҡҡͷˡ˺֪ТǶڸﶵȦءȥТ¡
ʦ㲻𣿡Ц
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Цԥһӿ˲˾ͽ׷˹ȥ
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Ц
Цһ׷ϣһߴӻͳ͸ذס
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ذ׶˵㣬ûϴǰѳһ̴˾ͽᡣ
Цź̾˿ֱȥ
Цõ˾ͽעٸذף˾ͽ޿ɱܡСĬĬĸЦһ֡
⺢ӸͲҪ̸ʲôٵеľ飬ԼѾ㹻Ӧˡ
Цȥ˾ͽһۿʱۡ
ȻСӣ
Сӣݺý̴ԼҼ磬˵ԼľԼֲϵҼǴӴ˶ʹϾˡ˾ͽ̵ֽᷴҼϵذװ£ɱȻСԼˣɱԼˣ
Цָű˾ͽῸڼϵТ
СӣҪŮˣɣ˾ͽгɱ
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˾ͽ֣ЦвСӣҪŮƽϰԼָҿȻĻҾͿŮ˵֡
ͳ˾ͽЦú𾢵ʱТһ˶Ĵ˾ͽıġ
˾ͽֻеͻȻһʹʲôٶֻеȫһ鷢̱
ЦɿһѾסТ·˾ͽᵹ֮ǰТ˾ͽıԼĻ˳һ˾ͽϣ߳ȥԶ
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һӣСӲҵˣ

ТֵúܣͻȻЦĵʦǱ˾ͽôͻȻˡҪʦ֪²
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ʦ˼ҵĽɵĺܺõġ

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֣佫һС͹

һ֮ضѾȫĵ˵ͷѾа˷ˣ·ϰɡ
·
ʮΧתһȦ̾ĺˡ
˭ȥһ±ءڿţ⴫Сε
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УڰбСνסˡ
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ˣϵȥšվ֮ǰεӦþ˽ˡ

 144 

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 145 

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 146 

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 147 

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ĸоһТۣ죬ֺǺǵĿЦϲõݡ

 148 

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Тޣһܲء

 149 

ЦҩТ˹ȥιģȴû뵽Тӹ룬Ҳֱ̣һȥ
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Ҵûʮһ˵ţһֱߵľƱһһԼѹѹ

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˵꣬תͷ߿ˡ

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˲Զ˱㿴֮ǰһȺɽһͷ굽·ߵȵȺ˾ɿɽ³ȥ

 158 

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ڶһ磬ЦТͷ˴ϳǸȥˡ
ĵļ죬ƴ·֮ǿϳǵĳš
СӣϾ͵ˡТ˿ţ΢ЦŻعͷһ米Ц˵
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¶ɫԵЦݡ˵ϳǸŮĵطء

3

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û˵лһšԼҵܵܺǸòĹվһô˾أһ˵ΪǽõĿԻܶɣ
⴫ԣǲЩأ

 160 

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ȻТ㣬㶼ѾҴˣΪʲôҪͱŮ˾壿ۼСһӣʼʦ
е£ʲôʱͱŮ˾ˣһֱ粽ĸһ𡣡ТΪԼԩиС֮Ů˾СӣŮϲ
СһתͷȥЦ㣬˵ģ
ЦͷһֱһҸұ֤ûиŮ˾
ְ֡Сöʱˡվ˵ТһǵľŮҡǸǵľŮܲЦЦɡ
Цһôˡ
ǸǵľŮȷʵָҡЦָָТָӦ
ѲɡСҲ׹ˣĿЦǸ书ҶТָǴ㣡
ӦˡЦε̯̯֣ЩǸ㲻˭е˭Ůġ
Тһߡ찡⽭ϵڴЩʲôҥԣȻɸǵľŮˣСӶ
ԭˡְİТ£
ûµģûµġТæĿڣǸҸСӣǼЦЦĻ¡
ֻҪЦЦԼͬ⣬ǵȻͬġְֵĻТᵽɤ۵ֻعԭλ
ðͬأȢСˣТĻ俪Цۡ

 161 

ᣬТ̵õЦ ˵Ͽɡ
ТĻϲҲЩġֲ֪ʵĴûдԼȥأ
ǴЦļ˶ԼᣬТܾò̫ġ
Тضְֺĸֻ⴫ҲҼȥˣҵøϽСӻȥǽС
ְֺȻͷããȥɣ׼׼ϴԷ
ТͷϽЦȥˡ
ӣ˿µվ϶·Ůۡ
Тǲȥְæȥˡ
ТЦӲ߶ɽׯɱȥ
ΪҪٶȣܾöûоܹˣ㣬ٶһ·ɱ
ЦһκûϢıŵ۴УֽŲãıסǰТ
Цų⸱ӣɵˣܵøӿˡ

ɽׯļֵͻȻһҽдԶ
ʱһţԼͬİַŵ䣬ԱһܹʱӦС
ǲҽԼٶ˿
ͷе㲻ֵһˣ㣬Ͻȥ֪ͨׯʹүȥ
̽ȥ
µ˷׷׳Դ
һ֮ԽԽĲҽ
Ӧе׼
ܿģһƥߴĺ˴ҵߡ
Ѿʱȥ׼
ʱҴż˴ҴҸϵˡ
ҾĿһ̿ڵͳͳѱջȥ
үͷˡ
˵ǺúĿˣϸ㣬ƥϵǶүûİһۡ
үˣ˸˵ĻֿԿĶүˣ
үˡתͷȥұȥˡ
ֱ嵽ɽׯſڣŰһҽȻͣ¡
ֻТ֮ϣһꡣʱǸֽŲõĴТһҰס˲Ҳ֪Щҽһ귢ˡ
үһǺѣȻƾٵƢôҲܻ˰ôаš
Ȼ˾°͵鷢ˡ
ֻТһתͷȥꡣ
СӣҪˣǵˡ
˽ԾǵĶү
үӦȶݺݵĵһۣȻúܲͷ˵ʲôµģǶѾˣϽ֣ϸҹȥŶ԰
СܡҶТľٶˡ
硭ТĵĸҴ˸кԼȷ֣ѾŵЦ뱧ŴϷ
˲Լͬľ֣ʹԼ۾һۻˣԲŻῴүһİǸһǻþһǵģ
СܣλǡҿЦ̲סʵ
Сӣ˵ҪȢǸЦТ֣ҽܵ
ССҪȢ˾ӡȻǰ꣡ҾЩһû
˸϶ԼĶˡ
СӣǴ硣ТЦܵ
áܾȻûȫָЦҴ˸к
áΪТĻܾȵҲźۼϸЦһ
ֻǰ곤㿡Ȼһ˫۾Ϊһ֪żǿ
ͣȻΪ̲סа̾
ЦٿТҲòϣԼҵСܺվһһһʵǰòˡ
ǰˣͻȻǴôˡǸ˵ǵŮ˵һܵˡǸ˵书Ҷү¾ǵܵߵˡ
ȷʵվһʵǰ䣬ҲѹЩ˻ˡ
ǣٰҲûðԼСܲŮ˰ͷˣԼҵСжִԡֻҪ϶飬ϣûתصˡǼֻӭһϱˡ
ЦоԼĽûôˣСĵһɻǽһˤ
Сӣ̫ûˣÿζŵТϽЦϢ
˫ŲȵʵصЦɫѾöˣҲТˡ
֪ˣҪЦİТһۣҿṦġ
Тͷϵһ£У̫ûˣһҪѵһµС
ֻѣҿʲôµġЦ
Ҳܣ˵ҪѵҪѵΪЦһʵ̫ȤΪάԼТʼˣˡ
㡭Цᡣ
ТЦҡҡϸһֺõЦݣ۾ƴգգСӣżһһʲôϵ㡭
Т޵ɫһЧˣЦһΰݵТޱɫ֮£ӦТҪ
Χɵ۵ĿصӣͻȻǵĴЩࡣ
ЦТصӲ䵽ΧЩ˵Ҳ䵽ТϢ˴ҴҸ˺Ϸ
͵Ϸһʱܲ˴̼иʲôúôϽӭ˹ȥ;סˡ
ҶǸεĺТ𣿡ϷɻĿʵΪѣ˵ľֹǲЩ̫ˣ
ǰɡҺĻش
ѵãТôܵġ˿ЦͷТѳû濡ΣҿҲϲ
Тˣ˵ضһ̣Ц˺Ϸ˹ȥ
ҸϽ߹Ĺ򣬶˺Ϸ˵ТŵǸҪȢˡ
˺ϷһŴ죬סˡô£ôһգۣĸѼˣТҪȢģӹеˣ
̣ТЦ߹ȵĶ˺Ϸ˽һ
Т⣬ҪȢˣϷָſТϵЦʡ
ǵġҪȢˡТԥĴشЦЩ˼ĺͷȥ
ϷֻһѣЩվȣ˸Ͻǰһѷס
ҪǷҪȢǾȢɡϷ˳̾һСӵƢʵ̫ˣǾסġˣǸĵӣȥɡŮûָˡֻеҶҵ˵ˡ
Тﲻá˺ˣΪʲôҪТСʱΪú棬ͰŮأãȢһܱ޳ȥҪЩ
Т˺ϷֵŪЩͷԣֵʵ̣ôˣ
Ϸ˲ΡΡĴӻͳһ˿ַŻػȥˡص׼Ҫ͸δϱģϱˣͲˡ
ҶյõǰƽȥϷ˶ҵ͸кӣǱȽϺðɡ
Ҫҵƽʲôҷһʣ˹
ˣϷ˺ң̵ЦТǰһſĸС״
ֻҷһ˵ԼҵĶҪȢ˽ţһ֮°ЦТ˸һˡ
ǸʲôҺТм䣿ҷˡ
¸˵ȥ鷿ͼҷ
磬ʲôôûСءТǰһָЦҷСӣ˵ҪȢǸЦ
ˣˣϷ˺ӭɽѵ׼ͬʱҲڻЦТܵ׼
֮⣬ҷ粻û¶κβŭı飬ϸЦһ֮¶˸˵Цݡ
ТȻԼ˸ôõϱҷЦü춼ϲ£ˣԼҵĶӾ۹Ⱑ
ҷתͷϷ˵׼˺þõֻأϽ˼Сϡ˶СɾҵˡܣҲܲˣ
ˣϷ˺ҼԼĶ䡣
ϷСҷʵ˵⡭λǣǸ
ȻǸﰡҷͷǸòῴ˼Ҵװ͵еİɣСòǳÿЩϸΣϸǸŮӰ
Т֪֮ǰ˺ϷֵдӺζԭǰСӵеˡ
²һţ̣СӵȻŮġΪʲôϹ밡
ˣϷ˺ϲõĲˡ
ϷȲİóϲץЦ֣ˡŮˡ
ҷȲЦδϱǿҶŶȲ㡣ߣҹȥҿĹ򡣡ҷ˵꣬Ц ߡ
ôСӸУС򲻹ġ̫ͣ˵ġТ׷ȥЦСӻҡ
ҷһТЦȥЦ ܡ
ТʩչṦ׷ȥ

ˣϷ˺š
һߣһ߻ָš
Ҷ˲뵱Ȼģôһ˼ҹʶʾ϶˼Ǹеء̫ʧˣϷҡͷп״
ôһ˼ҹͰ˼ҵеġֱ̾ܵȢһϱԼ޳ȥҪأʵ̫û۹ˣȻ˼Ůֲָˣһʧӡ
ţôһ˼ҹ͵˼еģջȥˣһ˼ҹһˣϼ޸Тǿô죿ʹļ״

Ϊɽׯ֪ЦŮӵˣû뵽Ҫ˵һ¡
ԡ
һĹ֮ɽׯ̴˶үҪȢһϱŵϢ
һٷĹ֮ɽׯﴫ˶үҪ˵Ϣ
һ֮ɽׯﴫ˴үҲ޵Ϣ
֮ϳݱĴɽׯԶҪ޵Ϣ

ֶ޴ڵģԵҥŵĴԵңĵĸ̾

4

 ľ֡ĪС
죬лεĺ߹һλϷˣʮѺ߹ġ
λ׷ԲԵϷлθǰһδ
лδʧɫϽ˲־Ϸˣúõģʲô
СҡŮ˵ⱲӶˡϷ{ᣬſڣвҪͬҵȥȫȰȰǲϸ⡭
ϷˣΪˡлͻȻֲõԤСʱһ̫ˣһ¡
ȻǸϷһεĿлΣСΪȥ˵ǸִŮͬˡС˳ҼŮߣֱӰˡ
ϷˣԼȰ˶ܴҵͷһˣȰ˿϶õġлίľܾˡ
λϷһлεĻ
лεʱ˾޴С
Сȥһºˡ
Ҫһ׷ԲԵ˿㰧ܾܾ
٣лǾܾ˵ġ
ǣлֻӲͷƤӦ
һлδӦˣϷΪЦóһĲݸлΡ
СҿЩŮ׵ĸȽŮġ
лνӹ˷һĲﾡЩŹӡ
ϷˣҶˣŮǣ
ҼŮĪСꡣ
лȤû뵽һŮȻԸˣһҪҵá
Ϸˣ죬죬ͼŮȥлһĪϷˣȥ
лμĪС֮󣬷ȻһŮĳƺţƲۡ
ԼСʦܳøһЩл͵͵ｫТĪСȽһ£óĽۡ
С֪һǱ˵ңҲҪҵġĪСȴᶨĶлεѾǾԲıġ
ĪΪʲôҪأлΪĪСòĽ˿϶Ƕ壬ΪʲôҪأ
ΪҲٿЩĳˡĪС¶ɫҲٱɫԵĶſͣ
лεͷԭΪ˰
ĪСлεˮСЩʵ̫ˣҴСԸܳңĴֻŮ˵š
ĪСʱԸǲ̫رЩла̾
ǣʮʱ򣬲֪ô£ͻȻĪĶ˸һŮͷĪСߵһӡ
ӣҾ͸ðˡŰݷãƴŲ߾ֻΪܿһۡЩɶΪҪңӲĪׯĪׯüȮʵû취ȥˡĪСһΡ
һ˵ңҼ˾ͼˣȫͬ⣬뾡취ҡҪвͱǱżˡ˵ĪС̲ס⡣
һģлθϽοĪģҲӲȰıġ
ģĪС˵̧ͷСã㲻ҼЩһ׾Ӳҷҵͷ
ȻǾĪЩϧ˸־ǿõġ
Сҵ֪ĪС¶Цݡ
ŵվѶ丽һȷû͵֮صлߣССһæ
ʲôæлκȤ
һ£Ҿװ˵ӡĪСĻҼ˶ͻŷǽȥΪɫʱһͰҰЩͳͳһǴϹһʱ䡣
ΪʲôҪһʱ䣿лκʡ
СӦ֪ǡ¿˸ľְɣĪСʵ
˵ǸһܱܲסһŮλõĶľ֣л̽ʵФɽʵ̫ˣСʦ֮󣬾Ȼ͸ҿôľΪ֪ФɽһûϳСʦеģȻûݺ׬һʡ
ĪСڲס˷ܵصϴФɽƻޱȣ޳ܣƶˣȻҿôľ˵϶ܶҳΪһŮ
лĬĬͷĪʦֵĿһ㶼û
Ұе鱦ζˣֵЩǮ·ҲһˣҴСǮһһʮʱȫȥܶҳΪһŮˡĪСһڶڲס˷Цݣһ굽ڣľֽʱҲܰѽһŮͷõʮӡʱҾǮȥһСɽͷٽһ֡Ҽ˻ôֹҳҡ
лοΪ뼴ʵֶٹ滶֮ɫĪС꣬ĬȻˡʦ֣εĶľ֣㻹Щ塣ܰĪСʵԶ롣

лδӦ˵ĪСҪ󣬿ʼΪһʱ䡣
һ꣬ȫĪСƻлβϵ֮£ĪСӹ˱ȼ˵ˡ
ľ֣ҲĪСһҹϱøŮ
ĪС˵һеһУõķչСԸƺҲܿʵˡ
ǡ
Ըõģʵȴǲпġ
ǸҹϱøŮȻŮǸ꣡
ˣȻǸ곤ñһŮͷȴȻġ
ǣһʹ˽˱˵ϣҲȫȫˡ

ĪСܻĵлεĺ߹ݣһץסѾΪѵлΣСҶˣûǮˣû취ɽͷû취֣û취ˣҵҲʵֲˡ
ǿлΰ޵滨ĪС᣺С꣬ˣǸʵ㲻Ǹ룬ʵֲҲϧġ
СҪ޸ФɽĪСᣬᶨĿˡ
ۡһܾȵлΣԼպȽĲˮ
С꣬˵һ飬ղŵ˵ʲôлξţղŵԼһǳ˻˵СôͻȻأСˣôܻҪ޸Фɽأһǻ
˵Ҫ޸ФɽĪСһһ˵
ΪʲôأȷԼûлξòѲ豭̽ȥ
ΪФɽĶľеǮû취ʵ롣ҪĪСܵĸ棬Ҫ޸ФɽȻþһֶĥҲùҲԲùСͰȥ
ĪСᶨӣл̲סĨĨͷµ亹С꣬ФɽǸսթļһʵ̫ˣĺܲĸƻ

Īҵһ˵ĪСԸˣȻ޵ĶЩ˼ǻٶФɽ¶һĪСֻת⣬ԾɻִŵҪҡ
ĪĻФɽȻǲϴӦģĪԱвФɽ书̫ߣвȲˡ
ĪһĪչʱлγˡ
ûдĪСȥФɽյĴĪСֱء
òĪС̲صĻģԼҶӱȢĪСΪޡ
Фɽĵͼӻ飬ȴԼҷĵץ˻ȥ
֮£Фɽֻˡ
»֮ҹФɽӺ˵ĪС׳ǼԼɵԭ֮󣬰ûڵײǽˡ
ԴˣФɽʲôвԱˡ

 163 

ҷץЦһܵ
㲻СӶ֣Т׷˽
ʲôʱ˵ҪˣֻҪдһ¶ѡҷֱ׳Ŀڵ
Уһ㺦Сô죿Тš
Ҳ̫Сɣҷ粻ˣʮǰѾﵽշľˣôܻδϱأ
ܣҲТȥЦ
Тӡҷ
Тһۿ߽Ϸˣ̴̣㿴ȻץСӸС
Ϸ˫Բɣҷ磬̫ˣȻץδϱУϸס֣
ֻдһ£ʲôϵҷ⡣
ĻˣϷ˺ݺݵҷһۣТӡ
ҷ
ТʤİЦԼߡ
ˣĸȫȥԷТһץЦ֣һ߿ڵ
ô˵ҷϷ˺ͬһ䣬漴һתȥ
ſڼһѣһȥ
Ϸʤһ˳ȥ
˺ҷţŻŵܿˡ
ôˣЦһ㯵ʵ
֪ԼԵТΪ𣺡ǻ·ȥˡ
·ЦˡֻȥԸѣõŻ·ô¡
ġТ͵Ҵʮ꣬ص˼·׼׼ҵʱ򴩡Ҵһֱûҵˣ׼Ǽ·ҲһֱûᴩҪȥĸĸˣȻҪǼѹѹ˺ü·ȥҳˡ
Ц꣬̾ǣúܵȻר׼˼׼Ҵ·
̫ܵˣԼҵˡТҡͷ
߹ЦڵðǼȥ·ˣŵûʱ䣬ǳдһ书
ЦԥתͷȥТ
ТͷСӣ͸Ҵдһºˡ
ҶʱΪжТļ硣Сܣû۰дãԼдҲͬˡ
жţТˣĹСǿẦСˡûϵˣ򲻹СӵģҪҲܡ
תͷŭСܡ
Тң룬ЦСӣ㣬Ҵˡ
СܣҸд裬Աָֻŵĸʲôվȥ
Т̯̯֣磬ҲΪá
ֱ߹ȥТൽǽߣСܣԹվ
ТԹԵı죬ˡ
Ц˹ȥãС
ȷ𣿡Ц̫϶Ķʵ
Һܿ϶ĵͷãҪвҲǿԵġ
Цҡͷˣ㹻ˡ㹻ˡ
ǾͿʼɡЦͷ
Цһ˲嵽Ҹǰűҽɨȥţֳϵȥ
ҼЦһɨϽ̡ͬʱѾ˵Цֵʱô㿪
˭֪ЦȳĽź֣ɽȴȵ㵽ϣŲɨ
ûзұЦסѨһɨڵء

磬ôСأлࡣТܵЦнߣ̾˿
Ϊʲô˵쵹صûĿТһۡ
ʲô¡ǴൽϣңҹԹվﲻġТһίίӡ
Ҷʱ޻˵
Т⿪ҵѨӵ
ҵ·СТСܣԺǧϱҪҪ㣬Ҳסġ
Тͷһ˦СӲ᲻ңҲֻϸ첲ҧϼڡ
˵Т΢һ죬һ۵ضЦСӣҪϲҧңҿ춼ҧġ
ЦˣԼϴΪТ˶ץҧ飬Ҳ΢΢ˡ
ҿһ۵ӣжʱΪĽ
ûСܶԼҺϱˣôϲŮӶأ
͵ЦТţһŵʱ򣬸ȥ·Ѿװϣ˳׼
һ˺ͼ󳵵һЦһݾӵСȥˡ
˼֮һͨȵĸһһˡ
ְֺĳչȻǲĲˣóԵТԼͷ̵ˡ
극ԺְׯԼϷһ֮󣬶ЦТ˵Ļڡʮ죬ТЦӭȢš
Т߸ĸľ֮Ļŭšٹһ룬СӾˡ
ТһɵЦţһ͵͵ץסЦ֡

ڶ죬ТЦȥϳʤż
һ֮˶Щˣ˼ҲЪš
ƫɣ̸۲ǸĪСܱܲסһŮͷĶľ֡
Ц̱ش̼ˣͳƾ֤һ߿һ߳̾
ûˡЦԽԽģԽԽѹ
ТֻŬİϧЧ΢
ʱʮ߰˲ݡ
һۿڰοЦТһЦ˹
һߵТߣТļ硣ָЦһḡصܣ˵ҪˣĪҪ޵ˡ
Тһ֣ۡС۸Ϊ֡
ʱһҲߵТߣܣ㶼ҪˣװʲôøĴŮװ˰ɣ
һ˵꣬һЦ
ТɫĿһۣʱָ˵һ
˻֪ѾТİ㣬Цͣ
ʵװҲûʲôϵġһ˵
һϽǻǰװŮˡ
һǸˣ
Тɫһٵһָ
ע⵽Т϶ЦͬĿڲ֪ĳЦТˡ
˼Цתͷǣʱˡ
㿴СӳãǸǻС
ȷʵСһǸġ
ƯıǻСǸոպã
Цһƽ
˱Ǵ뼤ŭЦȴû뵽ЦȻһ˼ûУʱúȤ
ʱеһͻȻЦƾ֤۾һ־ȥ
˵֣Цƾ֤ǲܵġ
ƾ֤ʱЦУѾǷֽһţҲֻͽġνɿ֣˽ƾ֤ˡ
ùƾ֤ϸ˿ĪС걣סһŮλãдһʮʣ۾һ
һֱڴϳһĪСŮˡñһֱڹ¶˾ģ׼ҪȥעĪС걣סһŮλáǴѾһһˡûûо֣ȴû뵽￴һһʮƾ֤
˿̰֮ɫ䵽ТУТ⣬Ц˸
Цᣬվһеӣңƾ֤ҡ
ТҲŰǻλ磬ÿƾ֤ǣȻҾһ״浽ǵȥ
ƾ̷֤ɿĽƾ֤ŽڵܣģҲƾ֤ȥɡһ˵ţһߴӻͳƱϣתﳤȥˡ
һҲһˡ
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Цֿ˻Ȼʧһ׷ҲѾˡ

5

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ÿ˶֪һĽǲֵģֻıŻԼ֡
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룬ҪһѽԼһ򵥵飬Ϊ˺ܾ֮һֻһʯͷ
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ܸˣҲܸˡ
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ⲻʲôģʵһҲûвˣһҲǸʡ
ҵҽ˼Ҵ
ҲʲôȻǰõҵˣ䱦ҡһҲûƣģһҲơ
Ϊһҵ˰һһСӡ
ҲûʲôһѼǿĽҲΪԭ;ɥģģңҲɥһҲ
Ȼϵܵȴǰˡ
ԭΪһѾ˫ɱ֮⣬һбá
֦֮⣬һ԰׬
ҾӿʼȤ
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ģǲϲ˵ģһ㶼ᣡ
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ҵԺְǸĽӵȻ󣬻ң׷ɱڳеˡ
ұȽϲʱ
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һҪǿһ¡
һһѾ˫ı
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ʵᱻ
Ǻðɣʵôһϲ˵ġֻһ㣬ģֻкٺٵôһ㡣
ͬⲻٰҵãҿԿٶϲһ㡣ȻֻǺٺٵһ㡣

 165 

ЦТڼ߿ĵĹһꡣ
м˺ЦߣТܿġ
ΨһТҷϲЦд衣ҷÿһ𴲣һ¾ҪЦһ
ȻԼҵĵȷʵּзִ磬ûЦܹһˣЦҲддΪ棬书ΪТǺܲ
ΪкüΣۿԻ͵ƭ׵ЦʱͻһţϱȥһһȫԼҶӵԸЦ ߡ
·˼֮Тŭˡ
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һΣ̫ˣ˵һһζ̫ˣĳһκˡҷȻǲͬġ
һΡ
һΡ

ִ˺þöûһ¡
Т֮£ֻвԼҵĵ˵ҪȥϷֹ
ҷϽסТˣЦܳŵʮУҪ֮ڣֵ߹һУҾֻͬдһΡ϶ǲģҷթЦˣǸδϱҪ߹һУŻҪһµʱŹ
Т۾һתҲթЦˡɱ̫ƶȻа취Цġ
õ죬ͿˣСȥ㵽䳡ȥ
ҪСû߹һУ͵ͬһдΡҷ翪ڵ
УТɴӦһת߿ˡ
ܿɰۿТӦôɴ࣬ҷЩתһ룬ЦϳʮУʱַôϱܲһҹ֮ͽôɡ
ҷĵ䳡ȥˡ
ТȥװСϺõҾƣȥЦû˰ЦǰðײŵӰϡ
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Тֻǰߣͻõˡ
ТЦ䳡ȴԼҴ硢̺׶ڡ
֤õˣҷָָϷˣ˺ҵ
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ТҡͷֵβһģĽ׼áҿɲˡ
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Тڰ֣ٵһ¡õȵСӾƾС
Тڸʲôɱϵ̫áϷ˵ҸﻹҪ׼ҵľ¥²ءְֵľ¥Ѿʽˣÿ²˴Ϸ˸ȥԲˡ
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ôˣ˶һ
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ʱЦֱֱۣűТһߣðײŵӰ˹ȥ
Т̶Ϸˡ˺к죬ǿ㵽Һ
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Тˣ߹ȥƵ䣬Լǰ档
Сĵ㣡УСˡТҷ纰һ䡣
ҷТصӣȴЦ˰ײγһӣŽԼ˹
ҷȻνģֲ֮νˡ
ҷγ˽ӭЦеӰ
Լٶȹ

ߵТˣֻӰɣ
ҷԽԽġȻ֪δϱôͻȻôǿҷʵǴúܹ񫡣
Цӭͷһҷһٽ㵲
ཻһ֮ҷĽϳء
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ӲסЦý֡
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ܿ죬еıӰˣҷ޼ƿʩˡֻʣһ;
Тˣ̳ЦһСӡ
Цͣס˶ҷ׷ɱ
תͷ˿Т߹ȥ
ߵТߣЦĽһͷصſ˫ֵТ
ˣղСӸٶˣˣԺֻСӴһΡТЦڻҷ
ҷЦڵϵĽϸ˿漴̾ѽȻӰѹҵĽס
漴ҷ̧ͷ޳ܵضТ˭˵ˣǽˣûӮû䣬ԺվɣЦһһˡ
̣㿴˵㻰ȻˣТתͷϷ˴زҷĶС
ҷ磬̫ˣôҶТϷΪТֹԺֻ׼ЦЦдһΡ
ҷˡΪʲôҪô£֤أʲô˲ңȴƫƫҪϷأ
ТбԼҵĵһۣᱧ˯Ц׼طϢȥ
·ϣТűԼţ˯ŵЦһаͷС˯ˣԼǿԳû͵׼¾׼¡
ТЦЦһ·С뿪ˡ

ΪӦСζ³ʮ֮ǰһϻѧԺԪ֮ЦТ˱㿪ʼ׼ˣ֮ȥѧԺ
죬ʰ¸߾һţ˷ܵĳ˽
ҵдҵţ˵Ĺ֮ܽ´нͬһؼˡ찡ڿˣĻŭˡ
ô֪ҵĹ֮ܽ´нˣТˡƤԽԽ֮⣬СбĽȫûоð
ҵ˵ڴץϢָТҵ˵Ϣ֮󣬴ΪοѾ̵ܽúˣԻؼˡ
С뿪ҲѾܾˣȷʵҲûȥһˡȥԺһҪǵŬҵһ졣ТķµļҲãС츳Ƥȫʦͨġ
ллϴ󡭡ТԼ˴ϣ¸жˡ
Ҫ鷳ҡТٴķµļһСȥԺʵǸԣҵĸϳţҲֻͶԼˡ
ϴ󡭡¸жӯˡ

뿪ֹ˼죬ЦТҲѧԺȥˡ
һ·ʰ˲ٴТɫļһ
ǣϹɽׯТ书һǵľɫŮĴԸӻȵĴˡ
֮˻صѧԺ
ЦТ˲ſѧԺĴţͿһŷۺɫӰ˳˹
๫ˡһ磬ۺɫӰЦ˹ȥ
ЦΪ˽Լ๫һʱûü㿪˹ķۺɫӰ˸ţ˵ڵء
๫˼Һ㣬û˼أ˵ЦķŮӣĵĶЦ˵
ôѧԺǿŮݵЦТ˹ͬʡ

6

 Сѧ
˵ТСǸѧĺӡ
ֵǣЦûҪС书Ĵ㡣
ֵТȥЦʵСӣΪʲôС书أ
Цشͨ书ûҪѧȭţʤЩƽʽ书ѧᣬҲ׽̡ҼСܲʵҲǲ
ТһظЦ֤
ЦТһĵӣҲˮҲɵȥˡֻرҪҪС书һҪڳԱӦͻ״
һ죬Т²Сܣ׼ѧ䡣
Цһߡ
ТЦСɽׯ˸徲Ժӡ
Тȴʼ
СǸѧТʲô͸ʲôȲпҲֻۡһģˡ
Т⣬СܾǸ֮ġ
ǣ㿪ʼСܽˡ
Т򵥵һ׽ЦСʾһ
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Тĵ˵ͷܺãСѧϰԸˡ
ТһѽСܣСܣȴýļƿʼѧ𡣡
ãСĵ˵ͷ
ѧϰҲûκ鷳СܺİТĽ̵ڳ͡
ܺãܺáТĳ޵
ڷܺѧСܣТȫˡԭԼеʦݰ
֮󣬱ʽʼѧˡ
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Сܻӽһͣ˦˳ȥɳΧǽ䵽ڸԺڳӲݵļͼ׸ǰѼͼŵһۻ˹ȥ
»ĸ߶Ⱦ͸úɨȥˡ
С»̫󣬸û취УֱֱĲ
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ܾŹȣֽŲһ
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С̫ľӲ˼£Ͷˡ
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þƣڸСܻһƶǶӡ
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ТѪǰ׽ʱˡ
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СܣڸʲôТ
ڽСӵĵܵѧ书ТĻش
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ˡТˡ
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С˷ܵĽӹ󵶣ڳƣ
ҿ۾ֱһץסЦһץסТСܣãΪͽòã⺢ӣ̫ˣʺѧҵĹ򡣡
ЦТ˿ŴصòֺСܣһ˵ͷ
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֮󣬵Тҽɫ֮£Сһ׵֮òϣеʦݡ

 167 

߿ҼСӡТǰİЦˡ
ѽãТһЦģҲˡ
˭ĺãТûİһۣУҲŲˡҸ㣬Сҵģ˭Ҳߡ
֪֪ТҲûҲҸ
Ҹʲô˼
Тü𣺡㵽ʲô˼˵
ģүү˵ˣҪܼ޸ߵТߣֶЦһָҲˣʲô͸ʲôԣΪ˻ɣʵҳΪһŮ룬Ҿίһ£޸
ҼСӣТЦ𷢺עҪʧˡֹʧŸֻܾˡ
ãҲֻҸҸͺáТ˸ЦðȻ϶һ˵ģֻҪݸãռͷͺˡ
ҲˣҸ㣬ҼСŮģǲȢġТٰһۡ
ҡͷ̾ãҪϹҲܵñġҪŮģ񲻾еˡ
Т᣺ұеġ
Т챻ЦһѸסˡ
ֻǿЦѣôеأŮģŮġЦТ첻ɿЦָڶľϴӮһأҪТھй¶ʵ˵ʵ׬ǮƻôС
ТΪӮǮƣһ̣ھñ֪ǸеġЦТС˵š
֪㡣ͷһ˽ӣʵĶˣҵĿǽһŮԶŮ˽֮СһȤûС֮㣬ҲΪܰүүҵĹҲǵģƻǡ
ЦЦ̫ˣϹ಻ãȻ˵ǸŮˡ
Т˷ۡ
ЦɿТ֣Ц ǸʵʵǡЦ˵ԼǸŮģȴТָס졣
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ҪǸ˵ŮˣҲŮˣŮһȵʲôӣТɿЦ֣СЦ˵СӣҪǸҸ˵ǸŮģҾ̸˵Ǹеġ
Сӣ㶮ʲôͬ㲻Ҹ˵еģҾͲ˵Ůġᵽ׺ˡ
ТвЦˣǸʵʵҾǸеġ
ǡЦɫһТԣǲȢģϲ
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ҵֿˣֺֿáǿԼ¶һЦݡ
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ģһõġ̿ڡ
Ǻãƽ㣬ԺҸСӵķɨˣ˲ˮ̴ϴ·֮СҲͶˣТ˼һ£ҡҡͷˣķһѳԵģȺúõϸ³˵
ˡ
û뵽ҪΪһŮȻҪѧ¡
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ֻҪܳΪһŮһеĸֵõģ
սȭͷΪʵֳΪһŮ룬ƴˣ
ЦͬĿ
ƽ㣬ʵ̫ˣ

 168 

Сε£ֵܵĻڵľˡ
ʮһ죬ѧԺŵƽʣӭĽݼҵĽá
ĽݼҵļҲСεףĽҲˡ
ڷֵܺĽݼĽɣ붴֮ĽСΣЦˡ
СΣ֪ԭµͽȢĽݼҵŮӣǻһˣԺҲӦøĽݼҶ߶߶
СƤЦⲻЦЦЦֻϧڲŵˣŵҲ˾
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˭㿪ЦСο˿ĽһߵЦ֡
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û뵽СξȻͶ֮У˽һĸ֣֮󣬻λá
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 169 

ЦТεıСκлȻεѧԺָ书ТҽĵĴ䵽˷ֵϡ
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УУУҸ𡣡εĴӻͳƱĵЦϣȥ

 170 

ҹЦТںԼʱ䣬˷籦סӸ
˿Ѿ˵ߵǮʱ˶ʱԼ֮ǰľٶ࣬ɵòˡ
ΪߵǮ࣬һҫ۵··ɽ˿˿֯һ㣬¹һգ⡣
ƽ㣬ѴôжġТͷĶֻҪ˾ԶܿǮˡ
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˺ݣ˵˵ˮƽǿʮҲ޲ġ϶õġʮ˵ġ

 171 

ĸ¹ȥˣСκлȻȻûл
ʦʦ˲֪ȥʲôطңˡТſϣһĽ
ʦʲôʱŻЦͷʹĿϺһݲμǸʽģҶ֪òȥֻͳͳƵˡ
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źϡôô뵽ŵЦТʵ
ŵȻǺϡˡТֱ壬ЦСӣѧûã⽭ϵ»̫ŶԽϵ˵ǴһĴڡ
СӣŵĴʼߴһλñεıŸռˡʵҪһµ͵ҹ⽭ڶĵλҲֲͷȥ˵ǵĴʦФЦˣȻһֱ飬ţ书ʦ١
Ȼµ͵Ϊʲôװһ㣬ѽһλҲóȥأǾٺܶǷǣЦֵТʵ
ԵʵġТЦ ͵ŵĴߣҲǵʦүһѧģһաڴ֮ǰʮʱ䣬˸С֮͵ѧ书֮͵ѧ书ڻͨڴɣΪĸ֣֮µһĶʮʱ䣬ȫµ书Ϊѧӣ书ҲΪ࣬ڹ֮ĶУֻ֮Ҫ뵽ĶС
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ԣСӣӦΪʲôŵǵҪռŵһλ˰ɣТЦ
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Сӣ㲻õġТץЦһ£ضһһֱ㣬ܷʲô£Ҷߵġ
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ϴ󣬲ˣʮŷɸ봫֪ͨңһϷŲҰйأдɽׯȥˡµײײĳ˽

 172 

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ТᣬƾʲôöҾͲöѵֻ׼Ǳɲɣ
˵䣬밶ԽԽۿ߾Ҫִˡ
ʱͻȻŴӣſڱһХ
Х೤ϵЩڶֻͷһؿѪڣЩ书ϲģǾóܲסʹס˶䡣
Ц Т˾ؿˡλǰ书ǿɲⰡô򵥾ͰȺ˸סˡ
¶һ֣ס֮Żڵλ԰л¿λ֤ׯԸŲҰ޹ء
лл£Тɴۿˡ
ле졣ЦŬ˼״ء
ТԴл²ʦĵСӣǵʦ氡
԰л¾ǵʦ氡ЦϲĿڵʦܰ˵ˡ
ϣТϣĿл¡һЩ˵ͨһҧŲҰɽׯɵģԼʦȫһ֮ٶض԰ȥ

 174 

˲ĵĿˣлǰǱǱҵĴƴģ˵ôܲɵҷͷȥ
ЩʬҶˡл¿ڵǲҵĴƣƣȴǡʽ·һõȴȫͬ·
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лһУãƾл¡
˻˵ʲôȴߵͬȥˡ
죬лǰ˵ǣǾһˡ
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ޣ˵û㻹û棬һ´ʦлǰһʲôҲֻ˼Ь˵ͬǻקβȥˡ
ΪлµͻȻ֣˴ϵ˹ɽׯļƻͷĴһһ֮˴ͷ
лǰȻ˵Щ˲ڴ֮£ȻŷģǣҲ֤ŲҰɽׯҷ޹ذ
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ׯ֣һҶ϶ָκһ
ʲôɣѵǸҲϵҾͶɱ˼ţǸģҪɱ˼ţҷ缫Ϊ
ȻҲ֪ҷΪʲôҪɱǸκһţɱ֣Ҹȴܲµɡͷ˰ڳһǺжӣ⼸˲ıڽϵĵλԽԽߣеλҲԽԽǰȴƫƫŲǰⱻŵ֣ңλ֮ϡҳȥңֽҵʲΪУһãϰֵõ˴챦ϡҩĺʹʵӣΪҳưԽ׼
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Тɽׯùһѹһ֧ͷڵĥöˣȻմЩҩڼͷϡ
СӣТеĹͼЦС
ЦһֽӹͼһСТûù
ܼ򵥵ģȼϼž͸ʹһüͷ׼ˣһɾˡТ̶Цֳָ
ЦͷТָ˹׼˴ˡ
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һ˵ţһȴҲѾ׼ˣֻЦ֧һҪλλ㿪֧
Ц̫ŵ˰죬ɿ˹磬һ
һԼ߷̲ת壬ɿҲ෽˼
ΪԼѾһʧĶ㿪һЩԵõʱ˵һ󾪺УЦһβ
СӣȻ·׼ˡТ۷⣬ݵؿЦԼСʵ̫ˣȻ׼ĲǸ˵ʱվŵλã·
Ҳóݾ̾Ц
ɣֻǴɶѡЦЦ˼ˣԼ׼Ǹ˵ļôȥ֮ȴƫôҪӲ˼ҪϴգԼһ϶ˡ
ļͷȻѾТĥˣǳǳ˵С
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ͼ˵ЩʲôȴԼѾ춼Ųˡϻźšҷȥҵƨˣѹƨϵ˿ڣءҵƨɺʹ
ߵлµлǰǾȻҵ˼ҵöˣɾԲܷŹǡ
ǲǶҩֻҩѣɻȻͺˡл´Ҵҽת⣺ô˵ϷҶŲҰɽׯׯûκιϵ
ŲҰɽׯûйϵҷֺαݼٰһ´ʦӣƭǣͼΪԼأ˵𾢣ȴ´ʦһϡ
ʲôǸƨʲôʱɼðˣһһˬֵ߹Щǲûӵģ˭˭ǼٶֲǣǵðƻĲºһǱǼٵġ
˵ˣӻ˵ʴءվڴͷӸµбһ
һͷóϴȥ˵Ǽðģʶʶ䵱ķħ
˵꣬һԷ˾žһʹ顣
Һúÿţڵ䵱ħл±˫֣еضŴϵ˵˾һ
һ˳鵽ԼˣͣɨһȦ費Ҫ´ʦһ½ַħƣ
˿ǸһñĿȫǵˣһսսľҡҡͷ
ȻлǰȻλġ˿˵
ˣðҸµأһǿðƻҽȻںҴʱ͵ϮҸ£ҷǵð˲ɡ
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ǡĻǡ
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ǾһΪһڡ
һΪ
Ͼ˻ȥλ֮ǰκϮɽׯж˭Ҫٸϵңһһвһ䣬ת´ȥ
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ҷȰκһõ˰ڹķ¸˵һ顣
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ڹķȫžеģ˵˵ڹ𣿿һͻ߻ħѪˡҷش
Ҳһͻ߻ħл뿪ڵҪаʱ򣬸ЩĴ̼ҩѪͬʱסҲھͻ߻ħʱ䳤ˣ˵Ӱ죬׻˱÷а֮ǰԲܶҩһϣǾͻа֮ʹ಻ҪǶϵʱ䳤ˣ˸ǻҵȫѪ
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ħ̣ſڵħ̲ѾܾöûʲôϢ𣿡
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ҲȥТ̸ű̬
֣Ŵʲô֣ħ̿ɲȥĵط˵ħѾǰˣħǾԻǾһ¡ҷֹ̿ˣħ̾ȻݺൽͷϣȻȥŶԡ
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ΪТ˵ʵҷֻñ졣
ʦ棬ҸСȥˡֲҪȥħӲƴֻҪ뷨ĵĻħȥˡҪ֤ʵħȷʵΪֵĴ㣬Ͼ취šТתͷлµ
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лվЦТ˵ҳڽǼУѧپѧٰɡ
һĽĿˡ
л֣ҪȤһˡ
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ȻԡлЦŵ书ֻܴڸŵĵӣֻҪƷϼֺѧģҲԸ⴫书ġ
ϲõֺǺǵĸЦТһȥˡ

Сܣʵǲøġ̾һɥߵТߣܵĴʵ̫ˣҶʼԱˡ
˱˰лֻҪʽȻһ£ٽһ£ϾѧģˣԼһͷûץء
磬ҼСʵ̫̫ˣȥȡЩ书ѧҲġТϽοԼҴ磬ģʦ϶ᵥָһ£ʲʦҵ书̫ģѧһѧġ
ҼԼСܰοˣСܣοҺøѹˡ

 175 

ڶ죬ЦТ׼׵뿪ɽׯ
ΪΪ˴ǰħкܴķգȥħ̵֪ԽԽãЦòѧ̤ˮֻܸʱһТһλȥ
Ϊ˲ЦТ˱ŵ˸֣лص̤ˮȥ˵ע˸ڰٵһҵ͵͵˰
ЦТϰ֮ҵл´֮͵͵İĸ·֮˱ϰְֱֵľ¥ȥ
һ¥һ¾ҵʮš
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ϴģұ֤͵ʮŰŷŽ
ʮţллˡТмʮŵļ򣬡·һҪСģǧ֪ôţȻᱻһ·׷ɱ
ʮŵͷϴ㾡ܷģôСѲҵġϴҪ𣿡
ТҡҡͷʮţŵùģԸҲ޷ҸСҪȥħ̡
ȥħ̣ʮԼˣѵεħйأһڵĽѶждˡ
Тͷħ̸εʮа Ѳ˹ϵҸСȥ̽һ̽
ˣϴ󡭡ʮͻȻʲôֵóһţ֮ǰҵģ˵ҪͰŸǣߵ̫ҶûüŽǡ
ЦТ˶һۡڸʲô
Тֽӹţ֮󣬷һŵͼ
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ʲôТüʮʵԼСôһĪĵͼʲô
ҿɲֻ֪ҰŸǣûҽװʲôʮεֻ̯̯֣˵ĶҪǲ겻͸ʧܴġ
ѵһŲرͼЦһ˷ܵĴТߵͼ۷ŹϸϸĿ
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ǲôһطġТɽϱһָҶƲħλЩĲãɽϱߣﲻãɽı棬ȫǱѩǡҵǵλʦΪ˸λʦɩҩһ·׷ħеļӵãɽϱߣԣǾǸ߰ɡ

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ТǸأЦͷȺɽյТʵ
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СӣϢһԵ㶫취ɡТְЦ
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Ц˳Тָķתͷȥȵķһɽ״ǵŵͼŵɽһģһġ
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ЦͬĵͷȷʵǺϲˣ档
Сӣȥץ㡭Тһˮ

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ТԴ磬ǣɲҪ̫Զˡ
ͨһĵ˵Դ
ԡТ佱һ䣬˰ϡ
ЦҲӰԼ䡣
׼׵ЦТṦɽϷɱȥ

ǿɺޡТŵͼҿĿ˼飬ҧгˣȻͼǣΪʲôԻЩģŵͼò岻ģôһߣô·
ǲ·ˣЦͷʹĿܸߴľôȫһģҶ㲻巽ˡ
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Ц˵ͷȥҲȥ
ΪյСТٿЦ֮ʹ¾ģðɣϣҲȥɡ

 176 

Ϊͷǰȥ
ȵɫȫڵʱһұ֮ǰ
ΪָָұϷǵȥС
СӣǲܾôĿŵİȥҪЩ֪˽ħȥҪ¶ˡʮڵ
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ТĲ׽˳ΪеһĨ֮ɫ׷ʵΪܵܣΪʲôҪתƻأѵҸղʵǸѻشĪǡΪܵܣʲô֮
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Ϊ
ΪܵܣζիǲǷծˣТһȻ״ЩҩǲΪ˻Ǯծ
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ǳҵôһĶôأТ

 178 

ЦųţͻȻͣ˿ӣ㶵ֱųڡ
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Тջ֣ΪܵܣһҲɰ
ΪТ˸
ТȻ֣šס˳Ϊ
ΪҲִҲšסТϧСֶ̣Ӳ˼磬Т
ТЦΪܵܣֺö̰
Ϊŭ޼ƿʩֻͼＤŭТ
磬ô㻹ҸȽϰء
ԸТŭˡ
ǳΪԼϵ⻹Тšš
ߵТһšųΪϵݺתһȦ۵óΪ졣
Тɿ֣Ƴ˳ΪһۣΪܵܣСҵģһҲûеġ
Т˵꣬ȳΪת߻صЦ¡ʾһĽץסЦ֡
ʱ򣬳ȥĳڻˡ
ΪһڣҲ˲ȥТˣӭȥ磬ô
ƣ£ҲµҪ
ʲôʲôôΪʵ
ڿЦÿȥвװѽλӴ
Ϊ˵صͷɣû뵽ȴǱ׸ƭˡסôںء
뷨ĿɲֹһڰѳΪڻͷҲôİɡڴȣһĵģԼҲҪƳˡΪҸڿǺֵĺö
֤ڵĻһ㣬ԼԼĴ˽
ȥʮȥˡ
ʮǰŴϣʵ̫ˡڵɫָֻƽ
һϣ㾲
ЦںͳΪ̲סڰο磬ΪܵܣǡšǱѹˡ
ųΪ̧ͷЦ¶̫ɹЦݣ㲻Ϊǵģûµġ
ЦТųںͳΪһʱ֪˵ʲôźá
ʱĴԽļˣҲû취ȫĴˡ
ڿЦ
磬ȱɡЦһ裬ڵݹȥȴТ;סһںȸɡޣҲںȵСֵĲ衣
Тñӵһ裬صǰһ飺֣ȱ衭
Ϊ̧ͷŭТ̫ˣȻ㵹Ĳ裡
ТֵɻȥҾˣô
Ϊĵɡ޳ܣ㱰ɣ

ТæΪ˭۾ȽϴȴͻȻڿڡ
εʲôӣҶһᱣȫһ˵İɽȥ
Тɫһ䡣̫ɶˣȻûСӴڨ
Цڵ磬㲻ùңԼܱҸТȫġ
Тɫָֻ΢΢̡ڣûУҼС˵ˣ˵£ġ
ТЦߣֻ֣ºˣСһչ˵ģͲöˡ
Цŵͷԣ磬ֻºˡ
ЦϣТ̴ΪˡⲻǴ˵еķ򳪸СӸԼ̫Ĭˣ
ȷʵڵ书ƽɽȷʵ¡ڿΪ̾˿ҪΪڣҿ»Ҫи㡣
磬ȱôɥЦڰοڵҲǵĸףôءϾĸ۰Լĺӵġ
ллİοڿЦʵǲҶʲôϣ˵ʳӣҸ״һ⡭
ЦۼԼİοЧñοĶӵĿԣֻͼ⣺Ǹ磬㵱˽ɢħ֮ɵʲô
һû룬ˣҪúõչΪ󡭡
תͷųΪʵΪʱҪʲô
ҪһɩӣΪ˵
Т̲İ˳Ϊһۡ˵Сӵʲôң
ΪװûТİۣԼҪ󣺡һҪһֶӸһֶŮҪѧ书
֣ΪܵѾԺҪ¶źˣɲʧТ΢Цſڡ֣ħ̵һˣ͸ϽʵʵȢȥɣɱٴҼСӵˡ
֣ģȻΪʧġڶТѻ˵꣬ͷתЦɫЩ̫ȻصȡҽУӺͺӣңһúðǣһί
ТҧгݡڣȻȻҵԼС˵׵Ļ̫ˣ̫Ҫˣ̫Ҫˣ
ƫƫΪҪϽ͵Ľв䣺㣬ҸһһɷģҵɩһҸҸġ
Т¾;ˣҪڣΪ
ûТ嶯ΪжЦˡ
磬ҪȢ޵Ĵ㣬ȥҵʦ㡮Сˣһܰһù
ųںͳΪһܴı飬ТתŭΪϲ
ԼôأСɲһĲ鰡ǴͷеĴͷ죬ԼŸ˵ϲˣֻҪԼȥáڳֺı﷽ʽȻǾ˵ġ

Т̲סҪЦˡڸǰ׷Ļˣ
ԭҲбĺô
ТؿЦһۡСӣʵǱ̫ɰˣôȥˣ
ТѾȫԼΪЦĲ϶жôˡ

 180 

Тһ͵֣ȴͻȻ洫
ЦТںͳΪ˾һ
ƿţʵôˣ
ʮʤˣˡ
ĹǴżеĹ򣬾ȻͰѴˡҡҡͷҸΪҪΪв׵ˡ
ʮһ¡Ŷʮк
ʮ߽
ʮ־ͽˣҪ취ȫָЦТŶʮ
ʮͷ幬ģһȫ
ʮתͷЦТ 
ЦТ˿ʮһҡҡͷ
֣ȻҲ̫ϲ㣬ҲˡʱҸСƲˣҲδ̫ˡТųڵ֣ҸСӻġ
֣ȻҲһ̫ϲ㣬һҪлл㡣΢ЦﻹǸʮȶԶЩڰҪá
Т˳ڵ˼˵ͷ֣˵ҲеҸСӾȸˡ
ТЦڶʮһ㵽һλüΪεĶСľ
һϯض
Ҫ𣿡ʮӽ̳ƣ˼
ҪҪТҡͷ磬ǧҪҼСӺȾƣһȾһͷƷ裬Ʒر
ȫϹ˵¡ԼƺΪû˿ӡЦķ
˵оСТݺݵĵЦһۡ
ʮԼһƣЦ˶졣
磬ҪǳɹĽħ̣ɢħ̣ǲǾͲٱȥɱˣЦʮʵ
ʮͷ幬Ӧңħ֮󣬻취ϵӡʦҲһӣҰ幬λӣҲΪԵʡʦȥϵ֮Ƿ֮ҲǻˣҪԼɣǿԼȥ¡
磬֮׼ʲôأТù̳ԼҲһơ
Ҫҵӷر߽һӣϼֻèֻٿһأϲĻʮ˵ᡣ
ʮվߵߣ¹¿ŵһС׻ֻСҲۣζܺţϲˡ
ЦТͬʱסжӿһɬĸо
СӡТ˾ƱЦ֣۾ԺҪǰ棬Ҿ
Ц룬ҡҡͷʵʵ˵ǿɲСҪˣǵĺ˭չˣ
ТĵһӦơ
˵СǲĴͷ죬ǿɾûԩһŮӻʱ˵ǿɲСֻ𣿲Ӧ˵ЩҲһû㣬ҲȥҪһҪһ֮Ƚϸ˵Ļ
ТĵڶӦϲ
С˵ʲôˣǵĺӡԭСѾôԶˣԼСӵĺӰ
ТۣɵɵЦԼСӵĺӡһɰĺˣǵĺȫøСһģһ
ТֹĻ֮УλãЦݳմɵﻹϷǺǺǡŶǺǡɵЦ
Ц֪Լһ仰Тô
ۼТͻȻֹ죬Цʱ󾪣ֳƣТһġ
ġžһ
ТЦһģĳõĻþ
űЦĺţȲĶЦСӣͻȻҸʲôҶûǵҪء
û°ɣЦϸ۲ТҿղͻȻɵˣΪ㱻˰ء
ʲôͻȻɵˣТصǺΪǵĽ㡣
Ц˿ТץץԴղǸɵɵҵӣմһ
ʱվڴߵĶʮͻȻϴӣͷһĶ
ЦТ̱졣
ʮվڴߣӴ⿴ȥ
ЦТҲԼԼӵ
˾ںڰСУֱ潥ûһ
ʮӴ߻幬СӶˡ
ȥТʵ
ʮὫСݵŴһ죬⿴˿ҪûƴĻǰ幬СӴչصɽ֮ȥˡ
磬ڸô죿ЦӵվŶʮʵ
ĵĸȥʮȷû⣬Ŵˡ
ЦТ֣ӵ
һ𰲾ȥ

 181 

ʮǰЦТ˸ڶʮ˾ǰš
һ·ϣвִѵڸ·ڴ
ڶʮԵμΪϤŶ˵ĶĿ˳һ·ǰ
˺ܿϵħνչصɽ֮⡣
ȻʮԤϣϧʮˣΧڶ⡣
ʮ˸ƣһһôһ˸ߵĲݴС
磬ǸôźãТСʮʵ
Ȳ˵ʮɫƽĻش
Ȼʮ˵ˣЦТҲ;Ķڲݴ￴Ϸˡ
ϧȺˣΧɽڵʯ֮⣬ϧվǰͷںͳΪ˱õָţվڳϧࡣ
ںͳΪ˵ɫֳһֲĲ԰ףǱϧ˶ˡ
һԼʮ߰͵ӵڳϧĽűߣ˳ʻԵ״̬ѪԼǳϧĴ磬ħ̵Ĵˡ
˾ϧǵڻԶǴԼΪʯź棬ϧܴ󣬾ôԶǺ׾ϧ˵Ļ
ףóˡϧﲻһ飬ı֮λѾƷˣܺҲв֮ģҲһץסˡ͵ˡ
ϧ˵꣬㾲վȴ
˺ܾãʯŻǽرš
ϧŲŲæزڵףĬˡұ㽫ǰ̹洦ˡ
ȻЦТ˲֪ħ̵Ľ̹ôģ룬Ҳ֪϶ʲôСͷ
˲Щ
ֹ˺ܾãʯŻǽţûдκ졣
ףԴһǲںģѵܺҲν𣿡ϧƶĴǰƤ֮𣿡
Ƭ̵ľĬ֮ɽдĻת֮ʯĻɽ֮С
һˣӵĲ֮£΢΢Ĵɽ˳
״ˣ˵ûǲᰡϧһȴǻҡͷֹ˶
ϧŻµħ̽Ŀڵ˵ı֮λô£
ô¡ϧЦú̹ȻȻǾø״ڽλ̫ˣȡ֮
ͷ˿еĳӣ˵ͷ£ԼóġںΪǲܵġ
һ˵ţһͻȻҵĿƺôҲֹסԼĿԣ˺ܾãֱȵһѪͣٿԡ
״ˣô߻ħȻôϧһľ״
ϧ㣬ǲڸҵǷݾ϶ֽˣĽ뿿һϡ
ôأ״ˣҿǾûǷݾ϶ֽšϧҡͷЦŵҪǷݾ϶ֽţôֲܻᷢءֽŵ˸Ͳң
û뵽ȻЦһ֪취ȥңȴû뵽ȻôˡѵΪûħ̵İʵһͳ롣
˭˵͵òħ̵İˡϧ΢ЦҡͷѾЭ飬ֻҪҵħ̽ұħ֮һͳʵְҵҵҪûи״ôߣҲҪҷһȨֻҪħΪеĵһɣҲħ±ˡ
ЩˣûУɨΧɽڵʮˡ
ϧҡͷȻûеġҿǲŵģЩ˶ҵţͻȻڱͱһġ
ϧȻҲ֪˲öԸšɨ˳ϧһۣͲ³֮ȥ𣿡
״ˣȻ·ġϧҡͷ״ˣλӴңӵİ֮һ跨һӣΪħã⽭˱ضħɡ
ЦϧƺûͬѽλӴ㰡
ϧʲôЦһЦ״ˣλңܴλ˭ء
ϧһ֣һѽΪǰַĲϣ״ˣҪǲںΪǰûǸϽλӴҡ
ͲҴ߶ӣƺЩɵӡ
״ˣҪûзʱӵҩôЭľٶءϧһʤȯյӡ
״ˣÿǵÿЩҲǷǳԵˡϧһ˵ţһס˳ΪĲӣ״ˣܲϣܵĲӱϰɡ
Ҫλӣֱ룡ͻȻЦͻȻվֱ塣
վñֱһ㿴ǰһվվס
ϧȻǳһ㣬߻ħϢȻƭ˵ġ
ҡͷȷʵ߻ħˣأ죬һϢҲͺˡ˻ͬĶң;ˣʱһֱСģһֲԣϾֹͣˡ
ϧɫʱòҰףס˳ΪĲӣ״ˣѵ뱣סںΪֻҪλӴң̾ͷȻ̾ǰ
ЦЦɱ;ɱˡ
Ȼûп־ĳϧסˡ
硭ûϲҺ͸硭ʣǲõġϧеĳΪѵĿ˵
ôôϧȻܵ˼޴ĴҾȻɵ
ΪҰ׵С¶һĨЦһ߱ýָŵĳڣҲ¶ͬһĨЦݡ
ϧҶӵķϣֻҪԷ书Ҳˡ˫֣Ŀųϧ
ϧһЦɿųΪ֣״ˣҪɱ;ɱˣҪԷ书ȴǾԲܵġ
ϧô˵ҲҵĺӣҲɱġһ˵ţһ֣ųϧƳһơ
⿴ƽһƣȻϧ÷˳ȥصĵ˵ϡ
ϧŴӵһƬȻ֮ɫ״ˣȻ˲棬Ҳˡ
ϧ˵꣬γų˹ȥ
ϧʮУҲͬʱųӹ˹ȥ
ݵʱ󣬵϶ʬ˵صĳϧ
ϧģҲɱģֻҪ书ˡƣųϧ߹ȥ
סڴеϾĺӣֺοҪ书вģ⿪ϵӣϳħ̺ˡ
£ֲ졭Ƴ˳һۣȻǰȥ
ŵĳϧۣ¶һĨɬЦݡ
ߵߣ߸߾ơ
ڳƵһ̣ͻȻһԾ˵˳ϧϣӲϧһơ
ϵһĻ䵽ЦТУǵɴۡ
ΪǸ˳ȥˣȻҲ˵ˡǸˣޡ
ЦТ˾ȵĶһۣҪۿǣҲ񶾵Ů˾Ȼ
ԼϧҲû뵽޻ľٶһȵĿϵޡ
΢Цſ˳ϧһۣ㣬ԾȻܻϲ㡣
һ˵ţһߴڵѪ
ϧޣǾȺ͸ж֮ɫ
Ŀ˿ޣһƵݳ
ϧֻס޵ı֮
ЦţȻųϧֻŵ޵ıĻȥˡ
һڳǰסһƣףߺòã
俴ųڣڣҲ㶯̸֣һȥ
ף߰ɡڵڳϧǰһ֮ɫ
䶢ųڣڣٲұҲˡ
ô죿ЦضŶʮҪȥȳ𣿡
幬˵ҪұƽģǽĶ֡ʮγĶ̽ȥˣԹ
ʮ˵꣬γϢǱ˹ȥ
ЦϵģȴͻȻŵһתͷԶȻһˡ
ЦһӰ̳ʡ
أ̫ŵġһ
ЦТ˶ȥŷ֣˾Ȼǳ
þòˣλһаЦ˹
ЦТ˾һ
ιҪҾ͸һòã¶εɫҶǿһⶼûеģҲֻΪ˿ֶѡ
ЦТһñӵųûûΣԼֳȻĶһ߿֡

 182 

ңȫûһԾʵ
ﶼֳˣֻվԱ߿ţТֻðѻ˵
ȻôȤЦοֲǽֳġ
ҲΪħ̽λ𣿡ЦΪʵ
ҡͷ̫˽ˣҶħ̽λһҲȤ
ǴΪ˿֣ûбĿģТһ߻ɵشųһ߿ʵ
ҡͷǿôĵΪ˰¡
ôĵˣЦТһüΪ϶
Ȼ㲻λӵģ㻹ʲô¿ɰ죿Тʵ
ǿɱˣҿŵаЦţΪؿڵðҹǱ룬ֻΪñʵļ¼ħ̵ĶΪһڽѶı֤
Ļһ˵ڣЦТͬʱˡħ̵Ľһǻ¸ɵ̫࣬˱Ӧˣô
ТָָǸ˵Ķ𣿡
ͷӦǰɣû˵⻹и
Тİ˳ۣ룬ڶҲ𣿡
ⶼ֪ˣε̯̯֣аЦŵȷʵôһš
㻹ôһںӣЦ
СʲôںġĻ˻ִ֣սЦСģúÿһ¼ŵ¡
ТһҲ룬СԶǸɵġ
ҵʲôãЦԽаˣѵûоãԴţøȤ𡭡
ܽȤǰѽһŻҡТĿڵ
ǲðѽһҺȤ𣿡аЦЦТʵ
ЦТһҡͷһҲá

˵ţǱߣѾƣųӭȥ
ʮֳֶ̽ǰסһơ
ߵŶʮ֣˾һ
ʮսˣɫĽһȥˡ
Ҳ⣬ֻ俴ųڣڣٸһλᣬ
ڳ̾һףôôˣ֮ǲġֻϣܽΪϵӣ뿪ħ̡
Ϊ˳ڵĻ磬Ҳߡ
Ϊһ˵ţһߵͷߵڵߡ
ؿˣĿоɱ⡣
ܡܡ׵Ļ߿ɡϧĿڵ״ֻҵ书ˣֲɱңֺα
ϧų״ˣҪ̫ѾˣҲԼַԼ书ˣڣҪͷԶˡ
ϧѾԹȥޣֻܷŹޡ
ųϧϵı΢Щ΢΢˵ͷӦˡ
һƣںͳΪ𿪼
ϧƿޣıۡ
סףĳҲ٣书ɱʲô𣿡
һƬŭҪǻҾ书һˡ
վǿֱųףҵôӵķϣŹòã
˵ֻ̧֡
ιιιǶʼˣѵֻվ￴𣿡ۼеĲҾҪٶݣТ̲סе㼱ˡ
ôܿ𣿡һνӣҾúܺÿ
ЦТ˶ԿһۣЦТ˵ͷ
Тţݺһų˹ȥ
ɵҪڳЦТ书ãȴͻȻЦһ¡
мˣвŸͷ˾ͱЦ˳ȥ
Цһ֮£ײײųȥ
ôĶ˳ע⡣
˭䣬ɱ
ңҡӣʵЦТһۡ
ôˣ㲻˵һ뿪ħ̾ٲ𣿡ż㵨ӵҲСɽʱ˲ٽǮ鱦ڻ췣𣿡
ڲݴеЦТ棬ȻǸΪļһ
˶ʱԼղŵΪΪڣֻ³̾Ҫ¡
ЦսӰ׼һƲԣ̳ȥ³
ЦЦҲ췣ģҲûħְֻˡ
񣬲ŭЦڿҪǿˣϸҹɽȥ
ЦТһ֮£ʱԾ벻Ȼֻ׼ѳҲˡ
ղŶԴϧڡΪ̬ȣٿԴ̬ȣδҲ̫Щ
϶ŵĳϧؿڵܣû뵽˼Ҷ㵹Ǻõĺܡ
ӣЦ磬ʵ˼ҶҺãʵﵱ뿪ħ̵ʱ򾯸ҪҶҲãίԳȥĵնһһͻɽ
˻һɫһ䡣
磬֪ĵʵ
ͷ֪֪Ҳ֪ġ
ϸұ죬̸ҹɽȥɫѾüΪˣҪ㵨й¶ĵܵ٣ҿɲŹ㡣
ε̾˿״ˣĵҲδ̫ЩǼȴδ̫Щ
˶٣ͻȻնЦǸ״ˣƫƫִء
һ˵꣬һԾ˼
ŸԾ𣬳Ѿݺһջ˳ղվŵĵطһ
ЦТ˵һǼʶʲô֪ˣõĴˡ
ƫƫ񻹲ϰݣֿڵ״ˣʵûʲôִģȴƫҪƵʱڳĴͷϣﵱʱڣȻҪһͬǺ޽ȥˡ
Ȼǽҵ˰ˣŭĴס졭
һߺţһųһƻȥ
һһ߻ǲͣ˵״ˣһԸҪѽλĵܣôܿ϶ĵԸλأ㲻ĵǺ˼ˡ
񼤵øŭͣųơ
໷
ЦТ˿ţ̲סΪһѺһﵽ֪֪ôдģ
ΪţȴͻȻŲӣЦТ˶صķôͶұԼ׵ɡ
ЦТ˶ʱҪԶְѳĳ嶯
ЦТڵķ򿴹ȵʲôˣ
ۿǲزסˣЦТֻô󷽷߳
Ҫˣһ£Т·մŵĲҶΪų
ǺƤЦЦҪˣǻúȤ
硭ںεؿڵԼҲͰˣΪʲôҪ
һ˵ţһߵЦТǰ
ҿɲҪаа΢Цţֻĵܹϵͬһ㣬ưˡ
һ̾ؿЦТˣ֣ʶĵܣ
ЦТ˶ݺݵؿ˳һۣЦεĿڵ磬ȷʵʶһ͵úˣǲ̫ȷǲ˵Ǹ㳤úĸ硣
̽ӿڵûģ籦ʧ˵ĵܳӳˡ
תͷƵضųü״ˣ˵ûɣ
ĺһ
ּ˵״ˣʵҪѽλӴ˭νģһӵĸоʵǲ̫ֵܼϵӽٰͳͳϳħ̣ĵܻˡʱλӾԲȥġ
ڿ˳һۣҲŵףֻҪҸΪϵӣ̴Ϊ뿪ħ̣Բ̤ħһĸλӡ
񿴿ŵĳϧ߹ȥý磬ҵͬ
ϧЦܣߵҵ˿ˡ
ջؽţǸͳؿڵ磬̫Сˡ
ϧֲǰ׳գڶѾŪˣ˵ֻкôûлô᲻ͬ
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Ϊͷ
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Ŭװĳӳۣݺݵص˳һۡ
磬Ҹղŵ飬ҲѾˣ֪ͬ𣿡ųӳʵ
ӳ۲
磬㲻Ƕ˵ְ׳հɣһĿųӳѵλϣ
˵ͻȻѹ磬ʵ㻹ҪλӣҲȴӦҵ飬º㾡ԷʣŴɱɽλӵġ
Ȼѹˣڳ˻
ЦТͬĿųӳȻʲô飬һѪɡ
磬֮ҪǲڣͬҵˡֿڵҪҵ鲻ͬ͵Ÿ״˵棬ϿڷԺˡ
ӳ촽һ¡
̾Ŀڵ磬ѵҪԣǰ׳𣿻ûʮѾˣ
ӳۣݺݰ˳һۣͬ⣬ͬ⻹𣿡
ͷҵĺô硣
ӳҧˡ
Ļ˻䣺ˣ״ˣǼѾһˣǽӣϾȫɽȥӴٲǰ֡
ɫüΪѿֻҪǼؼֲ߶еӡ
״ˣôأε̾˿ֲϽλӵĻᣬֲϷɣδҲ̫Щɡ
ԼǱˣָŭȵҲѾ㻹ҹɽȥ
ҡͷ״ˣϣǲ̫ġ
ĿڵȻˣҾֻ˵ˡ
һ䣬̳֣һųץȥ
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Ц⵹Ǹ⡣
ͬʱֱųںͳץȥ
ЦТ˲ԼͬҡҡͷȻǸô仰˵óǼץȥصΡ
˾˭ʶ˭ùɵСŲźá

 183 

һѾסԱȥЦҲһץסТһȥ
һˣһ߶ųڵܣѵ㲻ӷ־ˣҪĻѳħ̵ԸԶû취ʵˣԶֻħһˡҲֻǸһˡ
ƴһѣƵ˼Ұǽϵӿɺãջа
ڷĵ׵ĳ̾һҿ̫ùˣȻô㣬Ȼ̯ôһֵܡ
óһҩ裬аЦпձԹ汾¶ٲˡٲţΪҪùˣҩʱסϵӣҾ͸ˡܣҶǺܲˣҪ֪ǻŻôССһҩġ
ŵĳϧһ֮üûѪ˰죬ԼòѰҩȻǳԳ֮֡
˵꣬һѽǰԼǷɿ˹ȥ
һҧҩͽǰӭס˳
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һ䣬һųڻ˹ȥȻʱջǱƷɨ̵ģϳ˼Ѫۡ
ˣ˼ҵ书ôͻȻǿôࣿЦТ˵Ķ
ЦТ̽䱸˿ԶһЩ
̲صôҸʲôѵһܳǲɣ
Тڵ㲻һǣһݺǣԽԶԽȫ
Цĵͷ
̾һʵ̫˽ˡ
תسͳϣ棺аŵĹǲС˼ڵ֣ǰǿ˲ֹһ㡭
ͳ㵽װʲôģТݺݵİ˳һۡ
ҰģȻǺˡЦĺа졣
˵ʵòã㵽ҪôôһĿĵġТûضų˵
Тһۣ书˻ͦģҲźòã
Т͸۸㿴ɵԼ𿻵𣿻У㲻Ҫתƻ⣬ʵʵİĿ˵
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ЦТһ֮£ͬʵ㵽׸ʲô£
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ʲôȻѷħ̣ЦТͬʱ󺰳
ѹҪʮŰŵͼǣ˳ҵħ̡Тָų񣬡ԭʹնģ
˿ŭصˣЩʧĿ˵˵Ҳǹãûʲô۾˳ĻħȻûץȥصΣҲû򡣰ĵܸúõģû֮أһʧʧġ
ЦתͷТûʲôĶҩ
Т룺С˽ƻթħгģҲа취ܽ˶ҲһСϽץס취ʮ˪ȵ͸ˣڸӰһǲ󻼡
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ЦТתͷȥͳֵĳڡ
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Тҡͷ֣̾ΪǾԾŲġ
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ᡣ
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˵ϻˣϽȥæȻҾͲѽҩˡТָָڡΪͶʮǱߡЦôѣǾԱȶһ˻Ҫ¡
֪ᱻвҾͲˡصТһۣȴҲֻε˹ȥ
һסΪӵһߣܣ书ǲҪұȽϺá
Ϊߵص˳һۣҲ˵ȷʵʵֻ˵һߣóλá
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һƬ֮УЦǶûע⵽һˡ
ֻиվһߵĳ۹ת˹ȥ
˾ų˹ȥ岽ʱͣˡ
ˣ˼顣
̧ͷų俪ڵס֡

 184 

һڣЦע⡣
ˡЦŤͷТ˵
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Т˻һ֪ĳ֮⣬϶¶˼ı顣
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аЦ֣ҲǱΰΪ츣ôҵӹøȤҵǺܴġһ겻ʱ䣬ҵӽоߵЩǮ鱦ĵòˣ䲻аѵĺûᣬôܷŹءΪǼıأѪ֮⣬˲ٵǮ鱦
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̶ТŭĿӡ
Тҡͷû취˭ôŲء
ЦԺŬΪԼһġ
ʱȺѾ˰Χ

 185 

֣ϡТųߴٵǳģҪЩа
һǰһ̾Ϣ֣˵ʵĺɱڰ
лģлġТųӻ֡
ȺȷʵֲԸ֮ǰȺҪѵöࡣ
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֣ȻѶԸúܣѹҪɡ֮ǰһֱŬТȺƺһ㶼¶ͣ֡
Ȼ񿪿ڵȫǴӽǧѡģټϽ˸ʹҩ︨ԵʣǾͨǿʮֶֶֹ࣬ÿθ״׽ʲôˣֲ˵ĻͻɳȥǰҲɳʮһӾʮǵһΡ
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 186 

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ʱײǽĳ嶯ˡѵԼҪԩ˲ɣ

 188 

ЩҪĸйϵѵ᲻ϣΪԼԩΪҲеСԲָҵ˺òá˵ʵϣȺԼأϧǣ治Ⱥ˵ͷ
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ФЦһֵܣФɽл϶¶һصı飬һϸİѳͷſһ顣
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±Ѵħ̱нߵĶȷŸԼá
е˵ǱߣȺȴһȺһģһװİ֣ڳϣռ˾ԵϷ硣

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ܿģǾ˴𰸣ΪԶԶģǿл¼ˡ
лһɮһһֵ֣һ䵱š
󣬽ʮϴĽɫҷҲС
Т˿ԭǿˣˡ
ЦҲɿҿʦˣѾҪòˡ
ФɽѨתͷų˼Ҷɱħˣǻܡ
һԼļӺħ̽ļ˵˾䣺ת߽֮ǰչصɽ֮С
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ڻһЦǿδءȻТܷųע֮£ʩʩȻ߽ɽȥ
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ᶯڵĻأɽʯŹˡ

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лסһˣʵû°ɣ
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лһ߳סʣļˣһߺǺЦһ·µļǺŸϹģƬ̶ûҵء
ۼл¶ǴʿҲϵЦָФɽʦ֣֪ŵˡԺɻ۵ţر
ԣԣԡлϣФɽڽϽԹ̫࣬Ҫ۵ͷϡ
Фɽõŵ޺ҧĺܹݡ
ۼ˱лʰĲˣ˷׷ȡŵΨФЦ뷴ŵ˽
ФɽתͷФЦ룬ſ鲼𣿸Ͻȡɡ
ФЦҡҡͷɽҳʵ̫ˣһĸӹϵȻſ鲼ͦģǱ˷һԸ鲼
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ФЦһһݺݲФɽһţһ߸ЦŵòͨӦǲٵġ
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Цͷ˿Ҽֵܣ˶⣬Ǹ񡭡
ФЦ֪Цԥʲôļ磬Ц㾡ܴӦˣǸҰ㿴š
Цһ̵ͷãҸһмĸΪ񽭺ˣҾȥ
л¶һˮˣܷ˰ɡ
һˮ˵ͷȻǾԷĵġ
ȵ˺ʿϵʱֳһˮ治ɫħе˶һȫɱˡħ̵ѾҲħ̵Ĵˡ
Ѿ뿪ˣֱŵڣ׼ҪΪںͳΪϵӡ֮⣬ǻҪóڽѶȣԱͶ
·ϣлл£үүΪʲôƽʱֵĵξȻû֣
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лﵽ׸ʲôȥˣˣÿкĶң

 193 

µһڵĺѶˣһ죬һݡ
ÿһڽѶˣ˽ζжħս֮⣬ҲûдĿġң񡣡⼸֡
˶ʱһԭѶ;
ڶ죬̤ҪڽѶϷϢȺûѽѶҲܲĴŸˡ
һ࣬Ͷ࣬ʱ˹ȻŵĵϴܶŹ˺ҵȺŹ档
Ȼϲ´ҵĳ棬ϣĳԼŵĵϡ
֮£ֻʹѪһĴۣФЦЦΪά
Ϊ̻ʧӣʮŰÿһǮӵļ۸ЩҪڽѶϢշѡ
֮һڽѶԵıˡ
ÿһ˽Ѷˣ˿ԵõһֵĽϢ֮⣬սµİԶ
Щµİаġ
ĳòʹöҴ̵Ĺ³ĵ԰һ֮ҹ£˼ֻټһ棬ʮҽĵ԰֡
ϲ㣬˽ɣݡ
绨㲻ûϵƸҪ˸Ұ

жԹġ
һ֮Ѫ޷⣬Ψ³̩ɽ֮һս
Զ˵ȻŮˣӴӴ˸Ʋ
СǣǰɲǺ۸ģǰؽֽ̡

йġ
û֣Ǹͷڹ꣡
ͷ
͵ӼҼҴ˵ˣϽѽԹԸͻȻץͰ˹

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мҴϱһйԸ³ԭǲݴڶ档ʵͯۡ
߼ջֺŷ
̻ܽ¾ƵʦһнٺźƽɽԱ̸

вûҳ飬Ʊؽòεġ
£֣мį̫ԭġ
۹飬ҵϹžؼѧԺӾҪһͳ
һУͬʱҲǽһ֣ò书ĵزκ˼ҶԱ㣬ѰҺ֪

ڽѶһһ˺䶯
ŸɶһڵĽѶֳ˾޴飬׷ɳμ
ЩСЩΪԼϢԴûѶĴҲŷصŶʮʮݵĽѶԹҴġ
һڵĽѶԼٶˡ
ɴ˿ɼһŰԵġ
䶯ˣںͳΪϵӽˣҲڳˡ
죬һԲסúֵˣףͻԴĳںͳΪΪɣӲĲ鲻ԸĳһܷʢͬʱҲܷӵľϯף
˶Եúֵʱ򣬴ű˺Ƶһ߿ˡ
ֳ˫༫Ƶĳǰ
һ䵽ߣ񣬱£ˡ
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ˣôˣ
ФЦվһߺٺټЦţһ߶࣬Ǻþûء
һФЦ룬ܵ˾ţ̸ֻ֮˾Ƶֱŵķȥ
ФЦ̴һЦЦ
Ц̴ֽܳŹϣԼǰ
ۼ߲ͨˣת塣
̵ֵǰܹȴĸһ˹һȴոպá
֮£һԾͼݶߡ
лץסĽţְصϡ
ФЦٺټЦ࣬Ѿ֮ˣӵȥ㶼򲻹ˣοʦ˼ҾԱء
࿴˿ФЦߵл£֪ԼܵͷתŭĴߵߣݺšסĶ䣺С˵Ҹ첲šһ֪һҾ͸һС
񰦰ʹҲǱвİҲǱƵİ˵ˣҪҲǾҪҰǹˣŵ޼ҵĵϵñӺݺݳҡ
šųɡ
ԼصطסͷÿָԼТָ࿴Ҫǲǻϸҽҩϵֲ
šųɡ
˵֪ǵĶԼҪСεΪūΪ澣ģҸˣҴħ̱˳Ķ
Եһſ˳Ķ䣺С˵еТģʱƽˡ
˿࣬˫ӣӣ£
һ߳ţһФЦʵŴ˭ѧհ
ФЦÿӵ˵ТТТ˳ġТСȻͽܣѧ
ФЦÿָָЦЦЦġЦСεͽܣεҪһȥ
ϸЦһҧгӱŤıԼСγ ļ֮飺СŮδҲ̫˰ɣȻ˲ŶҵˣôͲ
ФЦٺһЦ࣬ⷬһԭⲻתС֪ġ
վһӣ㰮˵˵ѵСβɣ
ФЦٶȺٺһЦпָޱȾɥһʵСΣʲôʱӮˣ
Ƶ˻ȥ޺޵ץһȵСҧ
ФЦ΢ЦŽһ䣺࣬ǵҪЩҪ֮жˣſǲŹġ˵ФЦ΢Цתͷ˿񣬡УҲŵùġ
ɥôֹˡ
극ѳϽ鷿úʰһ٣ʮʱ֮󣬴ЦТ뿪ţ޼ȥˡ
ۿ£ڶһ磬ӳ˼ųǧѾ˼Ūֵħ̱Ķϻȥˡ
֪ĳڻһԼãԱЦ
ȵµ߶֮õЦȻТһ뿪˵Ϣ
ǳʧˡ
ʧеĳΪܴͷһʱѣԱĽ˳ŸҪ
ƽΪСܵҲˮ˸ܻͷŵĳԱʮء
ЦТ˸޼ҵ࣬һΪ˱Լ֮˳ԼĶӣΪ˸ø˵Ĺϵ£εһ·϶ЦТǹػһ·ϴ粽룬ϸչˣ˺õüֱﻹס˶һͷһСƤ
ѾĹܵˣȫžЦТܵ˺ĿԣȴûϵƫƫӲҪЦĲꡣ

 194 

磬ЦТסĿջ޼ҵĲҵջƹһѵһ޼Ҽ࣬ǽһǶһƨȻקൽʷӲȥˡ
һߣТȥ˼ܲǸ翪Сȥˡ
ЦһڿջĴϲˣ£ӻƱ档
Ц˸߲ңۿžҪҵľ֮ʱмʮ߰Ů̸Ц߽˿ջ
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ʱһãҲŮ׷÷ŭǷͷЦ
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Ц˿ǰ꣬ԼͲʶѹû
ЦǺܸӵվƱսλ֪˭Ĺֻһ񣺡þò
ٶȱȭضЦ˵Т֣ϴ뿪ħ̵ʱߵôæҶûҵһ£ڿɷТִͽһ
ĻЦڶԶɼΪһ䡪Ҫһܡ
Цü˵׶ʲôһһ𰡣õĹȻܣ⹦׬ǮãٲȻƱҲܺð
Цҡͷˣλ̨½صˣ书ȫʧˡܵĻ㻹Ѱɡ
꿴ɫȵЦҿϿ¿ôôǰ书ȫʧ
굱·ŭһӣʲôɰģΪ㱻ǰؾж˲ˣ¬ȫ䵱Ķ֡
Ц޹ۣаûаֻǲ˷Ѵùѡ
Ц֪ŵ뿪֮һˮʦ˰ЦͿһֱͨеޣ˲ɵþ;ֵĴϵЦһ֮ˡ
䵱źµڽʲôݺ͵λһͨͿ֮£ұ㽫Цλڽһ˵λˡ
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Ҳ֪ЦʲôˣǡТʲô˵Ǽ˶֪ġ
ΪҷΪТ¾Ƶʱ򣬳漫¾һھͰһ£ТһֱڵТ´󣬰ѽе˶˸顣˼˶֪ҷĴӣɽׯĶүСТ
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֪ҷΪԼҵСӾȻҵһЦϱ⣬ȫɵ϶ҷΪԼС̫гϢ˷ܡ
ǱһˮʦЦбɽׯĶүТ
Тȫ֪³˴ҹϵĽаͷˡ
ҵ۾ѩģǻ죬ȴǲġ
ͺ첱Ӵ֣һŭվЦǰݶ¬¬һ۾ϳħԶԶƳһ۵ЦȻˣһΪЦТš
ΪԼǽ¬̼ģȲǰЦսˡ
ġТǽаϵͷƣͷƣͷƵλӾ¬俵ˡһս֮¬俱˫գ桮ТΪŮవĶ
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¬ŭˣЦϵĹ
û뵽ǣǰаͷƾȻҰڳһ޹Ӹ
¬ˡ
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ԭ˾Ǹ䵱źֿõҶТ
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ãҪϲ˼ңǾ͸Ͻȥ仰
ޣܽ㣬ⶼ˵ڣҲ˺졭
⣬ǿСϣҪǲȥǽҿɾȥˣ㵽ʱɱڡ

һֱ͵͵ܽ¬ŭˡ
ָЦıӱģ˾ͳȥҵ
ЦܳʵĵҲˡ
Ц˵Ǵʵκ˶ڵ٩Ѿһ¬
ŮԳԵЦֻǰȤˣҲɰˡ
ŮЦ¬ڱˣŭİγЦ˹ȥ
Ц˿¬俵ıҲŵķ򣬱̹ȻվһҲû
¬俾ЦĲ㲻֮ʱȻĺ󱳱صİһ㣬;ΰʵ¬Ʋɵ֮ˣޱǱ̬֮ӴĶͷߵֱɵ˴ͷ
ԭ¬ӵʱ򣬱иС͵˳ȥҪĹͱΪѵ鱨ƹ
С·ǵʱ򣬱˳ϢڸιܲТ
Тһ˾Ȼҳڵʱ۸Сӣ̱ŭˣʣµİغܲһӣȥ
кܲеúܸ˵Ϊĺܲ˶ʮݵŭŭ˴ַ֮־Ȼڡ۸۸Цŭϼŭһ߳ȥˡ
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ТɱЦϸ²쿴Сӣû°ɣ
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ТӻֽݸЦǽ˵ɽ髸⣬ﻹв١
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ǰڹѾ۸¬տȥء

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·˷׷׶ܣȻԶΧۡ
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꿴˿ǰ꣬Ҳʶ㡣
λ굱˵棬˸ϴĶӣʱ̲࣬סճȭĽݺȻͬ˵һ߰飬Ŀˡĺһȭҵű߰ȥȴƫƫޱ֪ԼĽݺĶ֡Ҫǲ֣Ŀ֮±˵Լǫ̂ء
Ϊѵʱϵˡ
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Ǹ꿴˿Ľݺ꣬εҡҡͷ˱˱ȭλˣ֪λТӣ
˴𻰣Ľݺ굹ȿ˿ڣ书ȫУ
ĽݺıһǱģȴŭա
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±˰಻ס˳ϼҹС
Ľݺɨһۣ㻹ҳ֡
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ТǵġĽݺôһ仰һۣתҪ߿
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곤̾һǰ˸Цλ̨˾ĳëġ
޺޿ĽݺһۣҪТôֻܸ㣬ˣ뿪ˡТԵĻһоʹǸТ¬տڡ
Ľݺһתͷλ¬տ֣
¬տǰһĽݺ걧˱ȭ±ǡ

 197 

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ĽݺϵıӵˣҪ书ֻһоʹТôܻλǰ޲أҪֺ֪䵱ſǺٿڿ˵ģǰĳĿǾԲܵġ⣬һ⡭
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¶һ֣ίʵҪĽݺ그ŭƵܵõҵĺȲʡ
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Ǵզࣺôࣿż찡
ĽƾЦֲǲ֪Ľݼҵĺү˴һһģϲһȺһȺĵһһƬϽЩˣѾһʮˡ
Ǵ󺺺ίصΪɶôùүѡءΪźүŻܺģ֪ǼҺүȻôˣҲˣһ·Ͼ˰ۡ
ĽƾǴ󺺵ļ磺ԹˣҪ۵ùܱҸù𣿾ΪҴСͱȽϻˣȽϻ˵Ƚ϶˻ģù˾䵽ͷˡʮ꿪ʼÿκ³ţҶøţǰˣҾ͵ںͣҵԵˡ
ǴͬؿĽƾƾүǲװ
Ľƾ̾һⶼ׳˲ȻȥˣҾȥҪԺ͸ҰɡȻȱ˵ۣʤ书ֺ
Ǵ̰ͷҡø˹Ƶģɣƾү㣬͵ҪźүҪٸźүˡ
ĽƾתͷݺݿǴһۣѡ˵Ҫң͵øҡ
Ǵ󺺼Ҫˣﰡôôù
ĽƾʵǼһδأֻø˸ԼֱĺëڰοһεĽݼǸȻҪܵίӳԶҲûкôġҪǱֵĺãú·
Ǵ˰죬ڽܲסջ˵ͷ
Ľݺվ¬տ棬˫ָ󣬶¬տְɣʮС
¬տٴαĽݺ ӸüҪѪˡ
Ľƾ˫۽ųڵˣ£Ҳ˼ҵ̫˰ɣҵøϽɸ봫ȥùܼ׼¬ȥ˼ҵǸ°£ƢʲôʱܸһİĲܸںʰ̯Ӱ
ĽݺȻǶĽƾ뷨ûκεĸӦΪֶ֮¬տˣô ʮкЩһʮкˡ
¬տһ֮£Ѫֱӿͷ˲Ѫˣֱ˫һĽƾؿȥ
Ľݺ΢һɶ¬տƣһתת¬տı󣬵ٶ̫ˡ
¬տܴ̼һתǼĽƾȥ
Ľݺżһתٴαɶٶ¬տһ䣺̫
¬տٳʱɴֽŲˣȻĽݺһɶ㿪ˣһûټһ䣺ٶѾļˣʵ̫ˡ
¬տͻȻ֣ԭԼڸ˱䣬ڱ˵衣
ĽƾţǸҪӱҪһȥ
ʮˣ¬տĽݺ½Ƕûһ¡
¬տ˵ʮ֮Ľݺżһתת赭дһġ
Ľƾһ󺰣׳ȥˡ
¬տĽݺĵ÷˳ȥд׳Ĵ󺺽żһأҲų˳ȥ¬տ䵽֮ǰסˣŵϡ
׳˿һ¬տ˱ȭΪϿҵصˡ
Ľƾص˵ͷ׳ͦ˵ģȻûѡ˰
Ľݺ꿴ɫҰܵ¬տһ˼ӣ֣һû⡭
׳ˡүһֱŬ͵ˣΪɶҪѰӲƳء㿴һ˵Ͼ׶ɰˡ
Ľݺ걧֣룬书ҪǶֻһоʹТǾֻһˣǹġ
¬տɫӵĻˣѾ˷ڵĵزˡ
ĽƾϽǰһסĽݺ죬˵¬տĻ
λر𲻻˵ĻҶȥʲôǵĵطҵǸˣǻ£һˡ
Ľƾ˵꣬̾Ľݺߡ
׳Ͻϡ
ȥˡ
Ŀȥֻͷ
Ľݺᰡᣡ
ǸТƻƻ
֮ͻȻڵĽݺһȥТȥˣǴҸſȥ˵˭Щ
˻һڣӦ׷ױطʰ׼ˡ
ɫҰܵ¬տվԭء
¬տҪҪҲȥ¬տͬСѯʵ
¬տҧгݵȥȻҪȥмĸˣҶܿĵġҪܾͬھҾͰʮʮҹˮ硭

ЦҲֻİӣΪõϢһ·Ǻܶࡣ
ЦսЦҲˣֱͬ⣬ȥ˼һУ͵ز𣬡ˡҰܶ飬Ȼû
ЦТʱһЪţТǱºץȥˣƥȥɽһͷĲݵϳԲݣ˳ץҰãЦ֦ں
ʱһƥͻȻɱϵİ겻ͣ£һԾ䵽Цǰ
Ц̧ͷ˿һ彣Ľݺ꣬ͷʹˡ˲Լİɣˣһ֪ǸѲܲöԸˡ
ĽݺҲϸ˿ЦеıЦʵ¿ɽׯТ
ЦҡͷǡȻ֪ҵĿ϶ТЦǼȻôˣҲֻܳʵĻشˡɽׯں۸ء
Ľݺ껳ɵؿ㲻ТõϢТ뿪ջģǰò˵еТһ˫۾һǸ֡Ȼ᲻Т
Цϳʵؾ֣ҪɽׯТȫ⡣ȻҪҵңĲТҲԲ㣬ʵҲҪҵˡ
Ц˵ĶģĽݺ겻ɵЩˡϸ¶ЦһͻȻһЦ˱ȭ˼ˡ
Ľݺ˵꣬תԾ̴뿪ˡ
Ľݺ뿪ʱĽƾʹ׳׷
ĽƾϽĽݺ󺰣£׷ܵЩУܲô졭
Ľݺһ䣺Ҫȥ׷Тİ׷ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ĽƾͷʹؿĽݺԶȥıӰס£ߵЦǰȭ񣬲ϰԵصǸλ̨ҪѶð㲻Ҫϡ
Цҡҡͷ˲ûʲôطðҡѵð˵ԼТϾˣܸɴؾ߿ˣ۹ĿŮģЩ˶˵ԼТŵ˺̫ˡȻҵʵЦ
ʲʲô㡭˵˲ĽƾõɴۣԼĶë
ˣȻ˵Ľݺ˲أ찡̫һǴġ
׳ش£óһֽӲЦӰǺ˰ǰڿջ˳±ţ⣬ζܲģһҪ°һ·ǵһ˵Ľݺ˲İ̫жˡ
Ľƾʹ׳뿪ˣЦֽסˡ
ĪǸղǸǸʮĶɣԼֻ˵˲бҪ𣡣

ϵĽƾһƥϵĴ׳׳±ţȫ͸˼ˣʲô
׳룺ﻹмͷ
Ľƾ쳤̾Ϊʲôֻܿͷ
׳Ϊ˼صǸͷһ˵ү˲һʱŰţȫ˼ҡ
Ľƾתͷ׳Ҫ˵ˣҶǵһô˵ģҸǴˡǻǿЩ·һҪںҵТ֮ǰ׷Тɲͨ˰ɽׯĶүԻѲ֮ˣһ¶׷ТûԲ£¬ҵ¬տһТˣǿǺճġ
׳һϽһĽƾһӿٶǰȥ

 198 

Ϊںߵʱ̫ϣЦТҵϵĿջʱѾЩˡ
Щ¥ȥˡ
˯ǰڷТЩЦһߴ˳
𾢣˷š
˭ôᣬͷءһֹ߲ţһߴ˷š
⣬һʮ꣬һ֪ǮǮˡ
һſˣϼ˷䣬۾һɨ̱Ц˹ȥȭ񣺡λĽһТˡ
һ˵ţһߵЦߣСӣСԼһս
ЦͷʹĻ˻֣ãʱͶϺˡ꣬Ҳò·
СЦͬˣȴҲ뿪յЦߣһӲЦСӣһСС⡣
ЦؿһۣСӲĶóչ
һ֮£Ц̴ôһ¡
ΪʲôҪһһƱݵĴ֮ЦĴƱ̧ͷСʵ
ûСشТѾ˹ЦǰܾضСʲôúõĸҼСһƱʲô˵㵽ڴʲô⣬ҼСʲôͼ
С˸ЦǺǡֻϣܰһССССæ
ʲôæЦȲؿʵССССæܰ׵һֺ£ŲҪ
С֨ǡǡҾϣӡʱ򡭡ҪȫǸҵ áҡǸԡ
С֨֨˵һ֮Т˼˼ǲҼС ڸʱ㣿
Сͷ
ʲôһƱΪҹ㣡ЦˣһҲʵ̫׬˰ɡ
Сĵͷ
Цߵһӡ̫ˣ̫ˣǰǼװͭ嶼û׬ȫȫ˰׹ˡ
СЦһķȻΪԼҪŭЦһץסЦ䣬һѱһĿӣ֪һ衣Ҳû취ҸãǿھֵģڽҲЩ˼ҷ»˵ѧϲɾͣ;Բ޸ҡ
Ҽ̣ѧ䰡ΪȢϾʦ书һѧ꣬ͲѧӣҲֻѧ˼ƽȭš
ҳ˸⣬ҪܴһһͲᷴǵĻˣš
ءءءӣһҪæȻȻҪ޸ˡ
ЦСļ򣺡ˣæҰˡ
СӲ飬жؿЦӣǺ˰
Цһ߰ƱһߵӦõģӦõġȻصһңұúܸˡ
СõЦӦУϲص뿪ˡ
ЦƱЦۣТԺ󲻹˭Ҷ֣ȸһӡ
ТεؿЦһ̫ۡˣ
ڶһ磬СԸϵջЦТĳء
·СЦӣʱҸôδڳģɲ
Цڵ㲻öܣֵֻܰʹ㲻Ҫڱ䣬ֻϰˡһӮһûС
˼һƱЦԼСӮñӮƯ
ТЩĵضСӮС֮Ҫ˸սô죿Ҫ¶ڣ
С⣬δѾӦˣֻҪӮӣϾҰȢšȵ췹Ҿ¶ʲôϵ
Тͷ˼ʹˡ
СЦТԼ˴һ̨ǰ̨ҹ˴ģΣ
Цͷܺúܺáܻҫ
̨ΧһӣѾˡ
ССЦЩ˶Ӧδģδ̨ǰ̫ʦϡ
Цͷ֪ˣ̨ȥ
俪ʼ֮Ц̨Ͽʼ˾ʵıݡ
СЦ̨󣬾Ϳʼϰѧõһȭ
ЦӣʵȴǰԼСȭͷϴա
Щ̨¹սˣֻЦƴ㣬ȴôҲ㲻Сȭͷ
Цװģġ㡯һȵʮ֮׼һСȵĻᣬԼСȥѸٵһˣ˵ͬʱץסСǰһСǰ㡣ЦȭͷԼļȻѸ֣ɳֱɳ̨֮⣬Ҫˤϵʱڵһţ˸䵽Ϻ˼šǿվˡ
ֻС׼˻ЦһͬʱѸٵץס˻ᣬһȭЦļϣֱЦɳ̨òײǿأ̼Ȳʡ
Сδ˸ϲɫվҪΪԼҵŮٰ£һϲơ
СЦ棬ЦһӵķϣСһͨͿ䣬ֱСеޣСֵúϲ£죬ӲЦҪԹϲơ
ʵֲ˼ҵ룬ֻôӦ
ϵĻȻЩִ٣ȴޱȵ֣ϯһ֡
ȵ˰أ붴֮󣬴ұһ߻ྴƣһ̸ЦųԺ
ϲֵĳ棬žƱ¹˺Ⱦȥˡ
ΪЦȾƷ裬ýҿ޹ڣТЦţʱʱ̿̾ţЦƵģ߾Ʊһںȸɡ
Сӣǳ׵ʱҪǵĻ°ñȽⳡ¸֡Т°ͣһʮ죬ȢСӹˡʮѾ쵽ˣҲ˵ֻҪٵһôһʱ䣬ȢСˡ
Цȴȫһ£һҪǵöЩˣźöյ𡣡
ТһͷԵϡءСʲôã̫̫ˡ
ҹˣϯҲҪɢˣЦТ˸˶ƶѷѽ˸кؿջȥˡ
û߳ھϯ֣Ϳһƥѩ׵һһµ굲·ڡ
ЦͷСТ˾ҽںǸˣǰ±ţͬӲҵġ
ĽݺЦü㵽ǲɽׯТ
ТǰһĽݺ걧˱ȭ²ɽׯТ̨֪γƺ
Ľݺ겢𻰣ֻǰתТ´š
ãĽݺնڵ㲻ǡ
Тŭˣƾʲô˵ǣ
Ľݺ ʵ̫ˡ
ТŭˣǲТҵ ûʲôϵ
ĽݺȻʣԲֵֺ䵱ϰ䡣
ТĽݺһЦңҾöҩر㡣
Ľݺ겻֪Т˶˼תЦϣӦҲТȻϼѣȴǸŮӡɽׯТӦеİ
ЦСһƱͻȻһĽݺȫͷԵĻǲǺǮ˵ΣͷŶ֮ƷӦǸǮ˰ɡ
Ľݺ㶻شšӦǮɡĽݼӦòȱǮɡ
Ц΢ЦץסҪŶТ֣ҲɽׯТТǱֺ䵱ſ޵Ǹȷȷʵʵҡֻҵֺȫһ˶ѡ
Ľݺ۾һȻǸŮӣһһ
ЦͷҴĻȸһıѡ
Ľݺסˡ
ĽݺѵؿˣѵҲһͲұ䣿
Цͷصܷģ˷ʱ䣬һҵѡ
Ľݺ۽ǳ鴤ˡ
ֽЦûǮͬӦϾ͵ˣǵˣҾͰһ㡣
Цصͷһ⣺仹Ӯ
ĽݺһαЦʵôˡʲô⣬ѵ𣡣
룬źصЦҵȻ䡣
ЦͷǾӮˣӮĻ͸һ
Ľݺ곹ͷβĴˡ
ТֻĹĽݺĿɿڴĴɵ˰ɣûҼСôԵ˰ɡҲʶ
˺ܾãĽݺųɵؿڵΪʲôҪһ
Цֱ׳صӮһӣѵֵһ㸶һʵʹ򲻹ңҲӮġ
ĽݺԶԡλΪҪֽ֣䡣ΪʲôҪһӸ㣬͵֣أҪģĶԴⳡ䡣
Ľݺ룬ЦʵҪأ
ЦԥشǾ͸
ĽݺˣΪʲôҪӮ󣿡
Ц͵Ϊ˵Ӯס书һҪӮһܷѾΪ䣬Ҵŵðҵľжóġ
Ľݺ̿ڵҲûкôӮңҲӵġ
Ц룬Ľݺʵ˵ڽҲˣ
Ľݺ꿪ڵĽݺꡣ
Ц̻ͷСТʵĽݺʲôˣ𣿡
ТСشĽݼڶһμ˵츳 ܸߣ꿪ʼڽߣڽϺġ
ЦһŤͷĽݺԭڽϺġ㻹ǼҪĻ͵ø
ĽݺʵΪʲô
ЦڴΪԵʡҪӮ㣬׷ұǻԽԽࡣһҵ鷳ҲͻԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ١֮Ӯ㣬Ҳûôһѵ鷳˵ʵֻһѾǺܳԿˡ
ĽݺؿЦһ䣺ҪҼֲϸǮĻô죿
ЦһӣͰ洦һУҾ͵䡣
ĽݺĶҲ۽һ鴤ˡ
ТһҲͬӿڵĽݼܲȱǮɣӦòɡ
ЦáǰǰǮɡеضĽݺꡣ
Ľݺͷʹر˱ۣЦҪҸȴûӮأ
ЦˬؿڣҾֻһ˸㡣
ĽݺһãԼط䣬֮ͬǰӦһڱǰһ㡣ΪλܸûضԴı˰ɡ
Ц̿ͷáýų̀û磬ǾԱ̨档
Ľݺ˵ͷ
ЦĽݺ걧˱ȭǺãĽ֣ȻȥϢˣˡ
ЦТ뿪ˡ
ĽݺĶܺãԶ˵ЦڸТ˵
Ц̾˿ִ˴Т˵ЩǮ˼ҵСӹȻǰܼӣȻ뵽˴ǲ֪˵ʲôźá֪ܲ÷أ
Тˣҵ£ȻǰҲһܼңѾ˺ܶˡҲŲɵ˴ңСӣ㲻ܰҸĽݺɵϻΪһ̸

ЦТ뿪ˣɫѵĽݺվԭء
ΪʲôԼԩͷĻһȴҪǰܼأĽݺ̲סЩѪˡ

 199 

ȵĽƾʹ׳һϵֻվԭأΪԩͷ˵ǰܼӶɫǲѵĽݺꡣ
Ľݺ⸱ӣĽƾĽݺʵ꣬ǲûҵТ
ĽݺҡҡͷҵТˡֺ䵱ſ佱˲ͬ顣
Ľƾ룬Ľݺʵǲ˼ҲϸӦ䣿
Ľݺҡҡͷͬˡ
ĽƾˣȻҵˣ˼ִӦˣʲôڳôһƵı飿
ĽݺؿĽƾһۣƣһ
Ľƾ˴ҪôǮʲô
ĽݺϵıӵĳʹˣǮ˼ҾͲϸұ䡣
Ľƾ֮ǰĽݺһˡ
׳СﰡֻǱȸҪ˼ôǮүǻǱ˰ɡ
Ľݺݺݵص˴׳һۣ׳̱ʶ˱ϡ
ĽݺתͷĽƾƾҰһ׼ãڱǰҪ˼ҵġ
Ľƾ૵ûôడ
Ľݺ˴ɡ
Ľƾǰܹ
Ľݺüǿô졭
Ľƾεֽմտɣж٣ľЩȥ̻Ӱɡ
ĽݺִӻʮֻЩˡ
׳Ҳֽ˰죬ͳһЩͭ壺һһ㡣
ĽƾƱһЩӣЩƱӲ̫࣬ѡ
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ĽƾĽݺϵ彣꣬ҪȰĽѺȥ
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ĽƾְתĽݺİ׷ȥǾȰ׷Ѻˡ
Ľݺͦס׷磺ԸѺˡ
Ľƾ̵꣬飬ȻȲһƥ
׳ƾү׷絹Ѻһֵ
Ľƾ׺ݵص˴׳һۣ˵ҾͰ͵ȥˣܵ١
׳̱죬ίٶһȥˡ
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Ľƾ侲صֻʣΨһһ취ˡ
ĽݺϽ׷ʣʲô취
Ľƾ侲صǷ

ڶ磬Ц˳Т¸ϵ̨
ЦԶԶĿվ̨ԵĽݺ꣬س˹ȥĽ֣Ǯ׼𣿡
ĽݺߵĽƾǰһЦСλӡ
ĽݺĻǹ
ĽƾϸЦһ֮Ľݺߵһߡ
꣬ȷҶе㼵ʵСǸ
Ľݺͷ
ĽƾʹĵؿĽݺһۣ꣬ԽԽˣȻ۸һŮӣһһͱ㻹ҪСС꣬㻹еþȣϽְɡ
ĽݺƽصȻǸŮӣ ܸߵģδ֮¡
һ۸һŮӼǲԵģ￴ҪС꣬ǿ֮⣬㻹ԴСˡĽƾĵȰ˵Ľݺ䣬۸˼С
ĽݺƽؿĽƾһۣж˴𰸡
һĽƾൽЦǰǮܣҪˡ
ЦһЦеĽƾ֣һ
Ľƾε̾һͳƱͼӷŵЦλܹһһдǷòã
ЦˬͬˡһʣĸĽݽȥҪʡ
ĽݺǰЦǲǿԿʼˣ
Т̿ڵȵȣȸҼСӱʲô
ĽݺĽȽ𣿡
ûТڣѾȿڵΪУۣˡ֮Ц˾ͶˡҪЦСˣŻᱻС׷ɱһεġ
Ľݺ룺ǱȭƷʲôҲԵġ
УТˡСѧõľǽˣȭƷʲôȻѧҲ𽣷ǲЩĽݺɲöԸȽСӵʤĿҪЩ
ТĽݺǻǱȽɣǲýֻ׼ýʡ
Ľݺ룬ͷͬˡҲǸ⣬ܱԽֲöԷˡ˵ʵһ㶼һŮӡ
Ľݺѽγʣ׳ţԼŽԾ̨
ЦѰӰĲײ⿪۵ظǽӲӵıʣҵĽôƯһ˿ô졣
Тڵģ⽣ʵֹðʵأġãܸӰĽʡ
Ц˿ڳļˣεطֳĽݺ֮⣬ûϴŽˣû赽һʡ
Цһš
ТΣֻôʣðײʵʵٵݸСӣòţһᱻŪģϽ̨ȥɡ
ЦεأʹشޱϧĽ̨
ЦĽݺ꿪ʼԵǰһ̣ͻȻһȺ˳˹һߴţãǻûʼءϽλӿǱ䡭һҼ˲Ͱ̨Χʵʵˮйͨ
ЦͷһȺ˵ŶͦġЩ£׷Ҫꡣ
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ĽƾЩҲİм伸е˶ĽݺЩ൱سס
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׳ĽƾĻСؿڵǸƾү밳Ⱦš
Ľƾͷת
׳˿Ľƾɫż˵ƣǸһȾͺȵе࣬һళЩˣ֮󰳵Ļе࣬һСģͰѽ캮үҪ˱¸˵ˡ
ĽƾһۣڵξˣԺҪھƺйܣҾͰ⵽̳ȥ
׳̵ֻ뱻⵽װʮµŮľ̳ȥ
Ľƾ¶ЦҸˣ⵽̳ȥˣķ⵽̳ȥ

ЦôһȺͻȻʱһϲôˣýİɣܽ赽һʵİɡ
ЦﱻײŵĽʣ߿ֵ˽ãȴĽݺ˼Ϊˡ
£ĽݺнһֱָЦŽʵȥ
ĽݺһеݳЦϽһһ
Ľݺ걾׼ЦĽһģ˺ЩȴûϵЦȻѡ㡣
ĽݺϽУýȥɨЦ̡
ЦȻ᲻ıȥĽݺɨĽֻӲΣ֮С
ĽݺЦһƴһȴֻһζĶ
ʮĽݺ겻ˣһýЦϴȥһ߶Цһ㣬ˣҪˣ͵ӡ
ЦĽݺһѣһʡԼĽʾǱĽݺˣһҲ˶ǮһԼˣǾҪʧȥӡ
Цϣ̲ԥԼıĽݺĽӭȥ
Χ۵λڿһʵıԡ
Тſţе㵣ʵ㿴ҼСܴӮĽݺ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵ȻСѵõѧţĽݺѧҲǼõġοЦϰʱ仹ĽݺȴǴС㿪ʼϰ䡣ЦĽݺǲͦġ
Т۽̨˼ǲ˵ҼС䶨ˣɲӣСŵԲ·˯ž
ҿûô˵ȻЦϰʱ䲻츳ˣСŮ˵ͽܣѧĶĽݺѧĶ֪ҪٱȻ鶼ȲĽݺ꣬ȴһġ
һ˵һҲТһգգض̨ϵˣ׼һЦ˵ĿԾ̨̳ȥһŰĽݺ߷ɡ
ȻТĽݺòĺԳϲ˵ĽݺԣһǾáТҪ΢ôһ㡣д󲿷ֵﻹڡТʤġʣµһС֣¬տΪһ쳣ϣͬھܾˡ
ǵТкУҾƴȲʣĽݺкдҾһӡ
еĴ׳߿ˣĽƾ̫ˣƾү溮үͲУ
׳˵꣬һӣͻȻɤŴ깫Ӽͣ㰡ۣ깫һкɨǧõ찡깫ӣһ̳ȥĽǶ̫ˣó㰡ҿ쿴깫ӳǸٶȣǿ簡
̨ϵĽݺ׳ɱһĿ񺿣ֻͷƤ飬һЩТһСȡ
̨µĽƾһŬѹ³鴤ǣܵ¶һ侲΢ЦһĴӴ׳˿
ĽƾŬشԼ
ʵĽƾһ·ģⲻʶ̨ǸԵһļһӲʶ̨˵ĲĿɤӺеļһ
ģһһʶģǸڳɤӺеļһû
ЦĽݺ˳еٶȶ죬̵ܶʱ˱Ѿˡ
ڶԷĹ˶ˡ
ĽݺȻ̾ЦʽľǳףЦһ㡪ԶԶ
ֻҪӴȥܵסЦʤľһԼ
ЦҲǳҪ취սپȻȵԼĹˣͻˡ
ȻںӮںӡ
ЦеٶȸˣһҪ֮֮ȡʤȻ䶨ˡ
Цеٶһӿ죬ĽݺٶҲһӿˡ
ĽݺľøЦһһҲԩˣһԣʹ죬һӱ˺ܶණѾҪӮⳡ̻֮ؼұչ
Ľݺڱչ֮Լ зǳĽ
ЦĽݺͬʱӿ˳еٶȣʹʽҲӵľˡ̨¹սλһ֮£һ̲ס̾һ£һ£˳㻹Աһ¡
Ҷǲ͵ģǫ̂ôǿأ
еˣⳡʤսͷ
û취˼ҵ ԼǿĲֹһ㡣
Цһ߸ĽݺУһŬ˼ûʲôӿ̵ʱĽݺꡣ
Ϊ˶㿪ĽݺԼϥǵһУЦżһ㣬Ծ
Ц΢յˣ̲סۡ
̫̫ˣЦ̲סﱧԹһ£ȻһͷͻȻˡ
Ц͵͵ЦˡӮˡ
Цһ䵽ϣԱ֮ǰٶĽݺС
Ľݺһ΢΢ԼĽʵסЦС
Ľݺ΢΢̾ϢλﻹǼЩ֮ǰٶȻã֧Щʱ򡣿Ҫ׼ٶȳУܿͻˣʮ֮ɵĴˡ
Ľݺ꿴ЦŮӵķϣĵĴģŵ¸Ƚº͵ķЦò̫ѿʱЦѾɹĽĽݺһλá
ЦþԼȫԼǱײŵıԼܴﵽٶĽݺ¡
ЦһεٶױȵĿ죬Ľݺ걻ӲƵ˼
ЦץסᣬԼٶջ֣һѳ˰Žʵİײ
ǸԻƽΪףǶ鱦ʯĽʽâɵĳĿ֮£Цӭ⡭
ĽݺֻǰͻȻһƬҫ֮
Ľݺ̲ס˱ۡ
Ľݺ۵ʱ伫̵̣̺ܶܶһ˲ЦҪġ
ЦĽʶ׼Ľݺ˹ȥҲŽĽݺ˹ȥ
ڱ۵һ˲䣬ĽݺѾòˣЦӳĽƷ̾ͽһ࣬Ѹٵۡ
һۣͿһƬԼǰ
Լÿ죬ͱЦصһײײ˵ϡ
ЦײĽݺͬʱָסѨȻżһ㣬ֱ׷ǽıʶȥӲڽǰץ
ЦżһأֳصصĽݺǰشĽݺӮˣһҵˡ
ҵСӺðТ˷ֱܵ
ɰ̫ˣ̨µʼɵҧ־찡ôǰ;ĺôͱСŮ˹ȥͽأҪ⺢ҵͽǸжð
̨¹սλһ⣬ҪԼõıʲôܷĶԱʱ֮衣
ЦԼѨ֮Ľݺվ
һƽߵЦǰһƽضЦԸ޸ң

 200 

Ľݺһȫ
Ľݺ꽻ֵļǰġ
ԭĽݺ˵ĹƧдӮģҪȢؼҡҿǵĽݺ£ȻҲҪ̨ϵġТһĽݺ굱ס
ĽݺһֱֶΣ˭ҪӮ͹Ŀ֮Ӯף˼Ҷ
⼸λԽԽģ̲ס˼
û뵽ĽݺȻǸرСˣ
Тצ̨ϳȥȴס
ʲôſңȲҪ̨ȥĽݺТŭض
СТסȫΪá
ТͣҪΪҺã͸Ͻſҡ
༸ץסТֻټϵ⣺ТڴҶΪЦЦ㣬ɽׯĶүǸˡĽݺЦЦףҿ϶ǶЦġҪǳȥ֪ЦЦʵǸŮӣҿɾͲٰĽݺ׵µЦˡ
Тˡ
˵ˣҪôҶ֪ЦЦʵǸŮӣͲЦЦʾãЦЦף
Тֹͣ
ȷʵ˵üΪҲһĽݺ꣬ȴиͻȻðСӡ
ټһ䣺ģЦЦǾԲӦ׵ġŷſ֡
ТȻ侲վԭأûٴͼ̨ȥ
Ľƾʹ׳Ҳסˡ
Ľƾ૵갡꣬ϲ˼ҹҲôֱӵĺòáŮƤ׿϶߶ҪˣҪǻӦǹˡ
׳Ŀɿڴүֱ̫̫Ȳˡ
һƽվԼǰһƽضԼ˵Ը޸ҡĻĽݺ꣬ЦҲһƽҲ𣺡ҲԸ⡣
ȻƶЦһܾЦôɴ˵ТĻϲ
Ľݺ꣬ҲˣСһ˵ģ
Ľƾҡͷ˼ҹȻܾ˰
׳СܾģҪӦˣҪɰĶëˡ
ǾЦľܾˡĸ˻һ˵ף
ЦľܾûĽݺɫκεĸı䣬ȻһƽЦƽصΪʲôԸ⣿Ҫʲô᲻ĵطҿԸġ
Ľƾˡ꣬ƽıƽ˵ѵͲñŤ
Тڰ಻סһעͱĵ̨ȥˡ
ТЦǰɫƵضĽݺĽݺ꣬ٲҼСˣҪޡҪȢҡҪͷТĸ룬Ӳ˴ʡԸίһٰŮˣҲñ֪СʵǸŮӣȻ
̨ͻȻһɫŲ̊ĽݺˣʱһȤһɴ̨ۣ˵һһ
ĽݺТҪ
Т˵ͷΪ˰ñȽŮˣϼԴ㽿ߵЦݣתͷЦСӣ˵ҪȢҵĶԲԣ
Ц˴漴Тнյµ˼˵ʲôʲôϸҵͷ
ЦԹ԰ТҪ˵ͷ
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Ľݺ΢һ£ЦҪҪȢĻܼ㣬ҲܵġҪλǵáȢ˲УҲǿȢġ
Ľݺһ̨һƬȻ
찡Ϊ˸һɫŮˣĽݺȻԸ⡮ˡ
̨µһȸԾ
׬ˣ⿴һʵı䣬Ŀһȱ仹ʵ¼
Тû뵽Ľݺ޳ܵӣݺݵصĽݺһۣСֻԸҲֻȢһͲҪˡ
Ľݺ겢ТĻֻǶЦŵصҲûвĵط
ТĽݺʱüΪ׶
ЦȴʵµĶĽݺ㳤ûƯ
ĽݺһʱԶԣ
ТЦڿ佱òжʱϲӡСӰСӣһ˳ԲһֵÿҫºòáΪʲôҪָĽݺòϸҵĲأѵͲָұʵ
̨ۼĽݺԱһжǰкã͵Ц
Т̨һֻĽݺ꣬ͻȻһ⡣
ТĽݺһЦڵĽݽ㣬֪һֱĽҼСӣҼСֻһǲܽġ
ТĻ̨һɴ۾Ľݽ㣡Ľݽ㣡
Т΢Цһ£˵˵ߵڰУĽݽ㣬СŮװôһŮζûˣҼСӲŲϲ㡣
Тһ䣬̨뵹һ޵о԰ĽݼҵĽݺԭǸŮ˰
Ľݺ꽩ɫڣҲŮˡ
ТֵúܣȴһдǸεı飺Ľݽ㣬ҲãҪСӣһȻѽܸ˵˳㣬Һòá
ĽݺҧгһһֵҡǡŮˡ
Тһ֡˽⣬סĽݺ꣬ǣǣǣĽݽ㣬㲻Ůˡ
ĽݺɫöݺݵĿТ
ʱһ΢紵Тĵĵ˵ָ
һɵĲײζ΢ĽݺǶˡ
Ľݺ̾ıؿТ
ТеػĽݺһ΢ЦڱѾˣֻҪһ㣬͹ܵˡ
ʱ̨ѾһƬ˽֮
ԭĽݺŮװİ
˵Ľݺ˰û񰡣Ҫ̨λҴĽݺʵǸŮܣһ濴ԭĽݺǸŮ˰
˵أĽݺôͻȻףԭĽݺǸŮ˰
һŮװô꣬ǲװ
ϸĽݺ꣬ûͦģŮװƻǸ˶ء
ĽݺǸŮˣǶ䶯һϢҵøϽɸ봫¸Ҽ˵һ¡
ǰǰ䶯ϢǵøϽȥ
֪Ѹ᲻ԸǮϢء


̨µ͵ЦТСӻ𰡣Ȼôյ⡣
׳صƾүЩôһ꣬Ҳ֤һ¾źүǸŮˡ
Ľƾҡͷ̾Ϣû취ƽʱ̫࣬ҶͲúܵùֻҪǶԺ겻ϢҶŬġο̨ϱ׵λְüӣ˾ҥҲġ
׳һ֣УҪΪү
ĽƾͷȥԺˣҪ̫ĽݺɲһĲİ
׳Ⱥߵļ˱ǱҥԣĽݺж
ǼҡͷôܡҪĽݺˣôܻһء
׳ү׵ǸˣǸ
ʧЦôأĽݺ׵ǸɽׯĶүТôܻǸ
бۿŴ׳㲻ĽݺĸѾˣҺСʵѾʶˣҲûˡ
˸ŸϵǣѾ֪ĽݺǸŮˣҲûõġ

׳ͷɥ߻ĽƾߣƾүҰﺮү͹ˣûŰ
ĽƾĴ׳ļ򣺡׳ûµģⲻ㣬Ҫ־͹ֺԼ˭ôϲء
׳̧ͷĽƾƾүүôżҥҪڽԺүӰģĽݼԷڵġ
Ľƾ׳ļ磺׳ڽûҪҲ̫õҥڽֻкôûлģؼҺ˱ҲҲһǻ¡
׳ˣƾүĻס
ĽƾһĴ׳ЦһЦ׳˶ӽű㣬ϸ͸
̨ϵĽݺͻȻ쳣ܣֻͷζģǳ£ס
Т΢ЦſĽݺ꣬ͻȻĽݽ㣬ҾͨҽɫӦ˰ɡ
̨뵹һһ԰
ĽݺŭĵТһۣҪڣȴӿһǿҵĶ֮С
ĽݺͲסſڸŻ
ТĵصĽݽ㣬ҲǵģˣȻҪ˱䣬㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪĺ밡
㡭Ľݺ˵һ֣ĵĸо͸һǿһ̨ߵһӣƴŻﻹ˵ó
ТĽݺ겻ܿڣĽݺĽݽ㣬㺦ϲôɵЩи洦ĲƷԲźáҸСӾͲˣСİ̥ȥﺢӵİְֱţЩȢš
Т˵꣬ЦĽݺŻŻʲô˲ϵʱ򣬴ҡڵ̨
ТЦȺֽЦҲӲȥһﳤȥ
Цͷ˿Ľݺ꣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
ĽƾȥˣٿͣĸŻţѾҪŻĽݺ꣬תͷεضԴ׳׳ȥѺ
׳ҡͷȥƾүȥɡ
Ľƾֵؿ˴׳һۣôˣ
׳С°ȥᱻᣬΪǺүﺢӵĵƾүүȽ䣬ȥɡ
ĽƾĶͷ鴤һ£һ׳ȥȥ͸ȥôϻ
׳ۺᣬ˸Ŀ⣬ͣĸŻŵĽݺ̨
׳ĽݺصĽƾߵʱ򣬷Ľƾ߶һˣڸĽƾ˵ʲôĽƾɫúࡣ
Ľƾ˵Ļתͷű׳Ľݺ꣬ǵ϶ȥˡ
Ľݺ죬ŬѹǹɲϷŵĶĸоΪʲô
ĽƾдˣˣԴ峤˴ţ̻ȥ

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ԼΪĽݺǸŮˣѾϢڻ𱬣ס˴ҵעûЦҪˡЦТ˺漸ó̼Ϊ˳֮󣬵޼ҵĵ̡
һǳСɽǡɽʮ֮˾ŵĲҵ޼ҵġ
ЦТһǣѾ޼ҵڵˡ
ЦТ˱ӭ޼ҽɽϵɽׯ֮С
޼ҵ˶е֮УТЦ˽ܸʶٽ˵Աףţ㽫ТҪ޼ѧϰƶҩ֮½˵ˡ
˲޼ҵô⴫ء
˱྾һȥȣҸ㣬ѧϰ޼ҵƶҩ֮ܽѧĶٴڸˡΣ޼һֱ˼ȡֻ֪Ŵǵ㶫ӣѾһһˣ޼ҵĶ˿ѧѾ͵Цˡ޼ҵϴ󡣵Ϊһ޼ʧؼܴģ˵ϼˡڲ֧ңһǳǳĵġ
˱̹ԹԱ졣
ɿ֣ɨ޼һۣ͸Ͻᰡ
㿴ңҿ㣬δˣ߳һʮŮ
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㣬Ҫ޼ҵƶҩ֮Ҳǲԣ޼ҵܴƽӹ֮
Ůһ˵ƽӹ֮ĸ֣һ߼ΪؿТһۡ
ТжʱΪŭ
ŮֻҪǴ֤ѧϰ޼ʸǱľκ顣
һüӯ£
Ů㣬һ޼ʧؼ֮еӡѾƳˡؼûдӡĽҩһһµʱҲƳˡһӡƷֻҪҲһµʱƳӡĽҩҾϿͬ޼ѧϰ޼ҵ
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ӯ˵꣬תͷһһֱСѾСҩȥ
СѾֽӹҩ裬һȥ
ӯԵһȣСѾ֣ϣָСѾһɫӡǶТСѾӡˡɫӡǻıСʧȥ䣬ȵƶɫӡǸǣСԼ˭ȫʧȥ־˲ݵĿܡ
ӯ¶һ٣ŶТӡǴôСô󣬴ԼҪµʱ䣬ͷһСԽԽϲ˯ҲԽԽҰС񽻸㣬ҪһƲҩСϵĶҾͻƵĽҩС£뿪޼ҡ
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ТʵʲôˣСô࣬ôн㣿
ãǴŮùͷټʴӱСܵҵĿ佱ӱЩΪǣ󿴵ˡТ㾡ѽҩƳҲ֪ĵ̫Դˡ
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Т˵꣬Цת˳ȥ
ӯº޺޵ض˶š
֮ʽʼТ޼ҵˡ
ӯ¶ТǳĲÿТϿΣһҪһߡ
һ¹ȥ֮ӯ³׵ضТˡ
ЩҪϼʱȫ׵ĶТֻҪ㲦㹻ˡТһµʱѧĶҲҪʱС
ӯ¿ТĿ⽥ĴӲм˾ִ̾Ӿ̾˸п
ӯ½һ⡣
ϣӯ´ķżɽֱ˵ض㣬޸Т
ڳˮ㱻һϸҭѵصӯ£㷢𣿻ԶԳëˣ
ӯ¿ڵ㣬ġ
̶ӯ˴Ĵָӯ£еҸСεͽˣ
ӯؿࣺ㣬ҪТ˲ڣ޼ѵҪСҪ𣿡
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ӯסࣺ㣬Ͱȥ
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ӯ³ţȥ
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 202 

ӯ߿Ȱһӯ¾ǰĻɶԷ磬ֱТķȥ
೤̾һӯ£ҪǿҴ󲮵ķϣ㶾˿طȥ
ӯ¼ǰţͷҲصض㣬ѵܶö棬㲻ҵĶ֡
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ۼԼһƬıӯµ¿ηΣСûãʱŭϼŭãӯ£ȥȥҲˡ˾ܾ֮Ǹ㣬ҸҪϹġҸɴȥֺˡ
ŭͷ𣬶򵨱һ·к޼ҵˣǸ˭ӯҪȥأҪҪһȥҲ֤

ǣӯߵТǰʱһȺǰ֤޼ˡ
Тڴ߿飬Ц˰Ѽվ߲òϣ׼Т¡
ТȻ飬˼ȴһ㶼ûϣֻ۾ֻ͵Ц
Тһ߿ר־żϵЦһֵ۶гΡ
СżһӺÿɰע⣬߹ȥ͵͵һºˡ
Та͵Ц飬ŵЦ˹ȥ
ТŹ߳Цͻͷˡ
ѽˣТŹӴεĶЦ¶ɵЦݡ
Цֵؿһӣòڴʲôɣ
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ТԹ԰ֱ
ЦӣϸТֱۡ
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ЦŲŲϵĲóһСطТ
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Тüֻװûϣʶļһʶ߿
ŵȴԸܿһߵ˷š
ТŬرûʲôҲû
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ТԾĵɴۡ
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ТСصҪǿЦһҾ㲻ˡ
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Тˣ֮ǰ˵ҳˣ·ŲˣҪ·ġ
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Цƿţȥ
Т׷ȥءСӣôôΪӯ˵Ҫ޸ҾͲϸ·ˣ޹ġ֮ǰĽݺ굱ףҲҲûõƱ𡭡ءСӣҽ֪ԭôСءСӣӦҪ·Ҵģ㲻ʵġ

 203 

ڶ죬һԹûЦŵТ
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ТС˵ҪûˡСҪʲôʱأܴС·
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Тţſϣ૵ӯңСôҵءϴĽݺ굱СףҲûСӵ
࿪ڵΪʲôҪĽݺ걻öҰʱڳ˿¸иˡ
ТȻҶĽݺѾˣһֶҩҲ͸ˡҵʱҲѾʾˣֻҪЩиϲʱԵĲҩ֢״ͻġ
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ӯþһҧӲǽֱָָߵĴƿ˳ȥȻƿװŵΨһ֮ܽĽҩҲֱΨһܴĶˣҲʵû취ˡҩ䣬Ҫٱҧһڣǿɾûˡ
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װŽҩƿӯһһ·Ϲ䵽ϣڴϹ䵽ϵĹ;ִһЩƿƿ޹ޡЩ䵽ϣһ죬һƬž֮зľˡӯװŽҩĴƿѿһЩ̵֭Һ˵ذ֮С
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ӯˡȻܲԸҲòϣЦТǳͷβľ䡣

 204 

ȥʱôϣЦ㱳ӯߡ
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˻صɽׯһ·ТץЦ֣ӯӯ¿Цڡ
ȽɽׯĴţӯ޿ָ̣ТıӵôҸʲô
ТһͷЦԼ󣺡ᱡҼСӡ
ӯ²㱻Т仰ҭΪԼв¼ǰʵҲТߣҸ㣬ڲϲˣҲˡãȻЦЦϲ㡭
Тһ̷ŭˣЦЦҼСʲôʱϵôˣ˭׼ˣ
ӯµһָЦЦЦͬôġ
СӡТްԹתͷȥЦô
ЦϽߵЦЦкܶ˺ģֻһ˿ԽСӡ
Т±ֵгΣʾؿӯһۣؽһСӡ
ӯ¿ТٿЦ̾һضТҰЦЦˣһҪúöҪ㵨ҶЦЦãҾͶ㡭
ӯ˵꣬ٿЦһۣһʧ䣬̾ˡ
࿴ӯ뿪ıӰТТҪúѧѧСӣԵ·ˣɾӯ۷ˣҪЦЦϡ㣬Ȼ¶ʱĽݺ꣬ýֺͷҲ֪ûЦЦġ
ТĻ˼һԵ·ĽݺĿԡ
Тһµĳ
ĽݺվЦߣһضЦҰТˣһҪúöҪ㵨ҶСӲãеĽԲĹ㡭
뵽Т̲סȫ˸̫ˣ̫̫̫ˣ
ˣԵ·Ľݺ֮󣬻ϵĳԸ¶Ľݺꡣ

 205 

ȵ˶뿪ˣТСһ壬бЦһۣشӱһ
Цشȥû°Ÿʲô
Тһ
ЦֺõعȵصһƯ
ТһۣΪ˵仰ֺҾ𣿸㣬ƯһҲøˡٸ㣬ںǳҹһҪܾá
Цɥ٣ҽǾһҸôһ£㲻ҲˣȻ
Тһ۸Ǻ£Ǿ˾ȵȵ˲ϲ㣬ˡС̫зˣӯ֪СŮģȻѳֲסҪЦеģӯ¾Ҫֱҩ˽ˡ
Цίˣ˼ҪϲһҪңֲܿƵġ
Цһ˵ţһסТֺ֣õҡҡ޹ģ㲻ҵ
Т̧ͷ죬̾Ҳ޹ģĳȴƫƫҪҵ
ЦԴ˵͡
Тһ͵ۿһֺ̾һǸۺСĳһ·Ҳϸˡ
ЦϽֻҪӦҲϾ͸·šʮòãЦһ˵ţһ߿Ͱ͵ؿТ
Т¶ЦֵЦһ£ʮôʲô㶼۵һҲˡ
ЦСص㲻ˣ
ТǣЦǰȥ߱ߵҵۿɲĳôСԭˡ
ЦһТǣԼߣһ̲סСֹţ۲Сôһ㶼á
ТȻͷСӣֹ˵Щʲô
ЦһϽĵصڿؿء
Т̵صǣΪһӺȻܸһСۡ
Ц̧ͷ졣

ڶϣЦŵТ߸˵ȥϿΡ
һţТͿӯҲ
Т̽ЦԼޱȾؿӯµʲô
ӯ¿Цڵѵ׼ѧ޼ҵĶѵһѧòɣ
Т䱸صҪѧģȻᷴԡǳҼСģҿɲ
ӯǰһʲôҵСӣ㻹ûȢЦЦأڻġ
ТŭҲǰһҵģҵģҵģСӾҵġ
ӯǰһ˫ֲûأġ
Тǰһݺݶӯ£ҵģҵģҵġ

ӯºТֻһݺݵؿŶԷһһĳ
౻˳ͷӣˣڿѶأͳͳұ졣
ЦչͷȥҲнѶ𣿡
ҡͷûҽר͹ġʱ䣬Ϸ˲ء
ТһƲӯ£ߵЦ̽ͷȥϷŵĽѶ
ӯ²ҲǰյȥѶ
ָŽѶ˵ǿдţϵĸеҪﶼ⵽һȺݵ˵͵ϮѾˣ˰ˡ˵ʮ˸ǽһĸ֡
ТϢȤȱȱǶһϢΪȤ
¿һĽݺйصĶľ֣ľֳַͬСľ֣һľֶĽݺ굽ŮڶĽݺǲĻˣһĽݺĺŮҪ֤ʵĽݺеģǵڶ͵Сľ־ԶϣĽתһľ֣ЩעĽݺ˵ˡ
ϢТ̲ס͵Ц˼ֻصʦֶ죬һ֪Ҷôעġ
ô˵һݽѶС˵͵ÿڶ˸ҰѽѶ͹ֲÿڲŸһΡղǷѾһڵˣŲµһڡҪ뿴עĽ϶С
ТһϽӹǷݽѶԵɨһɨȻҵˡĽݺľֵע
Тһ֮£ˡ
ݽѶŵϣǿ쿴Ȼоųɾŵ˶ĽݺŮģųɾŵ˶ĽݺˣҲлŮҷ᪱Ƚϴɵ˶кĳɵ˶Ů
Цʹļף⣺ˣǿˣҾȻûľ֡
૵Ľݺ껹ǹġ
ӯȴһϢϡ
ǿ쿴ӯһָô֮ǰϮȥˣ
ЦТ˱ӯһѣӯָķȥ
ֻǽѶװ׵дţص˵һγ֣Ǳ˻ɽɣɱ˻ɽɵ֮󣬽ϱ˿ʼЩ˵ǲȥȴ鲻κȴϵܵ˵Ϯ˲ء
ڴһĪչʱЩǱĽңͼɱĽݼҵļĽݻ
Ǽ˺ĽҵĵμΪϢǱĽݼңĽݻ鷿УȵĽݻ鷿ʱͻȻĽݻ֡
Ľݻһ壬ɱ֣ҿиС죬ȥžȻ˵Ľݻץסһˡ
ȻǸץס̱ҧ˲ĶҩԾˣȴѳһдŸɱֺһ֡ʮߡƣһдСĽݻƽһֽ
˱ƲȺһɱ֯
Ľݻ˺ȴһ̬׼Ľݼҵ˲£Ʋ֣̾üչҲõüԴ
֣ȥĽݻȴʲô˵
ĽݻһСһ𳤴ӣĽݾĽݻϮ֮Ҳųüչұ㴧Ľ֪Щʲôġ
ԼĽݾԷûڴĽ׳˻
ȴԭЩ˳ǰ鷿㣬źĽݻĹʧЩЩõҩɫζ죬ЩͨԱȵϵģҪĽݻ񣬿µͻᵹز׸ˡ⽭ϣƳģŵлȻһ
ǸԾɱϳ˱ѳƺֽ֮⣬ʵһϸĽҵĵͼʱҵŵͼĽݾĽݻʾ֮£͵͵ŵͼ
ŵͼȴĽݻֻСεġ
ƺĽݾƺԣ˵һܡԭǽϴ˲֪˲СξȻĽݻŮ
СεĸǵĽݻڽдʱʶģŮһȴͻȻĽݻ뿪ˣΪǸŮӵȥĽݻһʱ䡣
֮ĽݻˣƹĽݼҡ֮󣬵ʱδСͻȻĽݻȡĸ׵ױţĽݻŮ
ĽݻʱϲСθĽݣһĽݼҡСȴܾˣָĽݻĸףָĽݻһ֮ͨ˵ԲŹĽݻ֮󣬱ȥˡ
˺СθǴĽҡĽݻǾĽݻСԼŮϣȫ
ҵСΣѵԼصػĽҵĵͼСΣϣСżĽݼҿ档
Ľݻȴû뵽СξȻ˵ĺݶȻɱԼɱ֣ĽݻֻĵͼȺɱֵС

ȫǵߵڰ׺˵˵Ц˽ѶϵһΣ̲סˡ
ͷҲǺ˵˵СŮһ֪ҪɱĽݻԲȥɱô鷳һԼ󡣡
ЦüĽݾ²ˣ˵Щ¶Ľݻġ
ТŵĽݻߵڰף˵аʦﲻֽҴĻԡ
ҡͷûҪС֪ĽݻɢҥԣһһʱϵĽʣôܻ᲻أ
ТҲüͷֻ˵Ľݻ֪ΪĳԵʣʦԲҴĻԡ
ЦŸʦʲô°ɣ
һЦЦЦ㵣˭УǲõСŮˡֻ˼ҳԿҾûԱ˵Ŀ
ТȻüͷȲΪʲôĽݻĻѣ룬ΪʲôĽݻҪһĻѣΪʲôһҪܵϮƵʦϣ
ЦץץͷТǰĽݻΪʲôҪôأ
ТüͷøˣȻڻ벻ĽݻΪʲôҪôܲûĿĵġ˵ʵܾиı档
Тϣǰڷ£СȻȥˣٻ̿ɺã
ȻͷãҰ޼ҵ´һ£Ҳȥ֡
ӯؿЦһۣЦЦһ·ҪСģҪҪæܽ˸͸ˣһȫ㡭
Тߺߵؿӯһۣѻ˵꣬Цˡ 


 206 

ТЦֱſڶȥȴһȺ޼ҵߵű֮ǰ˽
ͷŸˡ
˼ŵǸˣȻñĿȫˣЦ˺þãƾ˵Ĵϳԭ˾˰·ӯ£ҪץӯµǸӡ
ӵСӽһɣˤϡ
һСǰһ౨ֵ˵ûҵֻҵıһ죬޼йϵԴǰӯһ֮Ͷӯٰӯ²СӾȻ͵쵽ӯ°ؼȥ
˵ͷֻҪϵһժһ·ﻹҵõץסıҲ͹ˡ
һӣǰһһŲĶϣСӻеɫȻҴ޼˵⣬ǰɣͳȫ㡣
һͷ˵ȥҰƤ
һʱŵû겻壬ɸġ
Ц֪ˣ֪޼ҲˣҪǲƣԺҪ޼ˡҽ쵹ҪЩҴ޼
ġΪ˱ΪɱӿֻϽסĽţ󣺡޼ҵҲ˽֪ġ֮ǰ˴ʵ˰ץ޹ǸûԸ֡Ҳǻ˺ܶ˼òײͨҵԸҳֵˡ
Цһ֮£ʱ֣ǰһ㵽ôģôųϹϵģ˵
ѾƵˣɾͰò˴˵Ц־£ʱش𣬻´˻ᱻȥ̿򣬵±㼱ææһһʮʵʵذؾ˵˸
ԭͣȴҲԸ޼ң޼ȥ°ӯ£ɥ䣬ȴڲŵСιɱȥɱԼĽݻ£ᵽЩɱε˵ãԱȵϽһĸ֡
һ֮£бһϲЩɱɱĽݻⶼҽӣô޼°˵ȻҲһǿϸɵġ±⣬ҪЩ˳
Ĵβҵصɱ֣һҲûС
֮£ͷȥȻС뵽ɱ֣һ֪θ˽Ǣ
һµˣ˴ȥţŴ̽Ⱥ˽Ǣķ
֮˳ŵӵл֮󣬱ȥˣ硣
Ȼ֮һҹһҪ˰°޼ҵӯ֮󣬶ԷȻӦǧӣ쵱±㸶ǧΪ
һ󣬱˱˹Ҫ޼°ˣ˭֪ڰ·ϾЦӯ£Цˡ 

ЦТˣ˵꣬иɻ
˵ٲȻȺɱֵмˣ
Тü̻ɵ˰ĴʦФЦϡ
һ룬ТַԼĻɡ˵ФЦ밮Ǯĳ̶ȸСһƴܲڻᰮǮɱ֯м˵ĵزɡ
˵ˣʦĴΪӷܲȥɱ֯мˣǲǻʦʦѵɴʦȥɱ֯мˣ
ʦҪǸɳʦһվúʰ˳Ż
Тǰһʵأ
ûץ޹һ֮¾Ǽ䡣˭֪ƢһǧƱңתˡ
Тȥŵ˿ɶа֮
ҡͷȥԼҵĴܼңУа֮ȴһϲͨ
ТЦһۡŵڽϾԲǸܣ˶֪žεɽɽϣҵŵ˲ࡣ
оͨаԣȰ󷨣ԴΪֵ˴ڣôεɽɽſʼһֱŵſڣкܶܶ࣬ൽļΪ󷨣˲Ǿͨа֮û˴·£Ͳ׵ҵš
ЦҪǲ߹˵Ǽ·ûТָ㣬ҪɽȥҲûϵʱ䡣

úŻŻТݸЦЦĵ˵ͷ̱ݺݵ ȻڹܼҸͲа֮ôҵõţں˵˵Ҫͷ
Цһ˵ţһ߾ʹӻͳذȥ
ʱŵɫտࡣ
ТվװģļסЦ֣Ȱ˵״ȱ𼱣ҲǹƭǣǱĹܼҸƭҲһ 
Тתͷٺú룬ǹܼûи˵ôҵŵģ
мšֹЦеТǹܼҸ˵εɽ·ߵĲ˴ŵλãƫˣ˵ŵģϸϸظ˵ȥŵ·ôߣ˳ؾҵš
һ·˾֪ʲôطôܣЦӿТץ֣װһ׺ݵӣذףݺݵض϶û˵滰Ҫ㳢ûͷ˵˼ٻζ
ŵˣҡҡ˵ȫȫ滰
ТŵǸû˵ٻһվװģļסЦ֣𼱣𼱣
Тתͷٸ˵˵ǹܼҿ˵ʲôӵģŵǳʲôӵģ
ȻТԼľˣһТʻ̼ǹܼҸ˵ȥŵרд˵ıԺɽȥһĵطֻһľݡ˳ðװԲԲ֣ԳФЦ룬˵ԼСεʦ֣Ǯﶼµġ
Тһ֮£ʱõɴ˫ۡѵʦΪӵɱ֯мˣʦɽŸ˸νġŵıԺ
Ц֪ʲôҡҡͷյСܵġ뿴мˣһֱӵɱ֣ɱ˵⣬׬ӣ 㿴ǰץӯ£׬ǧӣɱ˵׬ӿ϶ࡣҪǴʦɱ֯Ⱦûɱֲм˵ġң;Բмˣһֱ׬ǧǸǮһܻǴʦһʲô˸İġ
ТͷոһССĻɢˡС˵ʵ̫еˣȻֻвԲײԵ顣
Тţ֮ǰһֱ벻ףΪʲôĽݻҪʦĸɱȥɱĹ£ַΪŸصɱϵĿģΪɱ֯ŽġҸҴģǸɱ֯ĽݻѲ˸ϵ
Т죬ôҲʲʲôˣתͷˣǰԺúʰˡصļw w w.2 7 t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩС˵Ŷ
ʧɫ
˵ͷתͷЦ˵㻹ץһ㣬СӣԹɣ˭ء
õľĵҲˣҲˣһҲɻˣͿҸ޼ҶЩķϣһΰɡҷģҾԲٸɻˡ
ЦģҲɱġ
һ
ŵֻãܣԺֻҪһޡ֣ͻŵ÷һӣܲ¡
ߵʹ˸ɫǰץס죬ҽţȥ





 207 

ТЦҴһطʰӯĿ뿪ˡ
˴޼ڵСɽһ·Ÿȥ

һ·ϣ˴̽ϢѾŸɱ֯ȾžӪɱ֯ˡһڽʢţһʱѾ˴аô֮졣
Ǹ˵֮ǰЩĽѾһַŵˣҪֻع
ЦТϢƴĸ·Ҫϻš

ʱĽݺ꣬Լ鷿ſ
׳ĽƾСƿ鷿ţһź裬һ̵ġ
꣬ϲġĽƾֺõضĽݺЦţϵ̵ķŵĽݺǰ
үҲϲ֡׳ĵֺõЦţ¡
Ľݺɰ̧ۺݺݵظһۣȻң
Ľƾ̽׳Ƴ꣬ҵ£һﲻãȻŪ̥ҩԡúõķôûϵġ
׳ΪԼԩүԩүһֱŻͣ·⣬뵽ȥҽݸүץҩҽĴʰʲô֢״͸˵Ż£ûʲôθڣԶҲƣ룬˯Ǵˣûٶ˵ʲôϾͿ˷ӳظ֤ķһȥܼЧȴû˵ǸиԵı̥Ĳҩ
ĽݺŭһۣΪʲô˵Ǹеģ
׳ԴڵǸ̫ˣ˵ǴͰҩˡ
ĽƾǰһŴ׳һʹļ׵ӣ׳˵ʲôźأôϡͿľͰѱ̥Ĳҩأúôҩ֪˺춼Ա̥ĲҩʵŮˣеҥء
׳ί̧ͷƾүǲ֪Ǵ򿪳Ǳ̥Ĳҩּүҩ֮ȷʵˣҩүֻ֮ľƾүˣ㿴֮͵Цӣ֪֪Ǳ̥ĲҩˣȴҼүԡ
׳ָĽƾתͷĽݺү˵ƾүǲ̫ˣ
Ľݺɱ˵Ľƾ
Ľƾݺݵ˴׳һۣЦĽݺҪǾҩ֮ЧǳĺãһȥϾͲҲˣ·ˡ
ͽڹһ·ű̥ĲҩصĽݼңʵŮˣе˵ĽݺɭɭؿĽƾ
Ľݺɭ֮£ĽƾСĵ˸Цתͷ׳ʹ˸ɫʾ׳ȳȥ
׳鷿ĽƾŶĽݺʵҲΪá˵ǸŮ˻еһ֣ļϲǺܲˣӶ㼫ΪһˣͲҪϼλã㲻ǾܰȫЩʡĽݻԼλȣŷҪŪ㡣
ĽݺüĽݻβ֪ʲôȻ˵̫أҪչؾ꣬ҪȽɼλϴܡǰ˷ֱôô󷽣ѵͲЩһֱ˵ûʸ񵱼ĳϳûȨϼλӣ
ġ㱻󵱳еŮӵ£óǺǲĽݼĨˡһ㻹̫ᣬΣλӻҪ곤Щ˵Ľƾļ磺Ҫ˵ҪǳͻȻҪڽڽϼλӵĴ㣬ĽݻܻܿڱչǰȽ㡣һΣȫø
Ľݺ֮ôճһ뵽ڽ˶ŮˣһҪһͷײĳ嶯
ĽƾһСĵĺţһߵ򵥣ֻҪǵԺ˶ֶӾˡʱôҶزϸһȻܱˡҪǻУһ£ʱгԡôҹһ¡
Ľݺ׹һֱߵıͲͳĽƾ˹ȥ
ĽƾϽ˳ţŶһ١

ЦТһ·ϣȵ˸ϵεɽʱɫѾˡɽȴУۼŴʿִѣһƬҫ۵Ļ⣬Ѻҹյͬһ㡣 
ЦТԶƼһƬ֪Ͻ£ǣ㵽ͽ
ЦһԶԶȥһ߰̾ǰɽΧˮйͨôܲЩɽȥأ
Тüô˾Ҫڲǵɽǲܵ¡
Цתͷǿô죿
Тͷ룺ҿֻܻ·ˡƵɽȥ£ûɽ·˿أǾʹȥ
Ц˵ͷТԴʾšţ˱֣ĵɽȥ
ȵ˺ɽ˿Ŷ͵ɽڣַѡüѰ˼Ҫô˳ɽȥȴɽһĺ
ЦТѭ̧ͷϿȥֻͱ֮һ̽Żѳ˻˻ӡ
Цһ֮£㾪ϲصʦ㡣
ТҲŻûʲô¡
л˻˻֮ţһ

ЦǰסӣТұȥ
ΪӺôϱأ
Ϊ˱ӺϣҶ̴ȻҡͷˣСӣ㲻ùҡӿʣԼȥġ
Ц̧ͷ˿͵ɽڣĬĬһ¡ТڵĹӿʵ£ȷʵǿԼʵɽϵġǣܵûϲٵʱ䣬̫ˣȥƿ϶ᱻĥơ
ЦڵԼ̫ˣұȥ
ТˣߵָЦСӣǱ书Ҷ
ЦǸǣǣǣҴҲôֱӾͰ书Ӷʵ˵
Тһ߷߶ŵСӣʵ̫ˡУҽҪԼȥ
ЦһҶֱŤˣϽТ΢΢һЦʵҲֻǲֿôá
Тһ֮£ĻŭţϲεصСӣԭ㻳˼ǵģҪֱ˵ˣҿ϶ǲᷴ㱳ġ
Тһ˵ţһЦ˵ЦϣЦ
Цһ߱һ͵Цŵ㻹Ǻú塣
Тس˳ЦͷΪͷСӣҲ㣬Ҳ壬Ҫǻ˱ˣߺߡŶûС
ЦТץԼץסӣżɽڣһݣԾһɶߡЦһץסӽŵɽڣһ𡭡
֮Ц㱳Тɽ䵽лεߡ

һرһ𼱼лεʦ㣬û°ɣ
лһջһ߶˵ǷģŴǺ۸ġҲǷֵܵù㣬ȥǵѧԺﵷңֻʱͣѧؼȥˡĸҲ뿪ѧԺȥسǰʦȥˡ
Цͷеյضлεʦ㣬ôΧɽ£һмжа󷨻صģǴţǸô죿ǸǽأǸǶ֣
ТüЩ˽ʮа˾ǽͨģҪǶ֣Ҳ̫ףЩҪǱǴòˣһޣ»ʹ˸϶ŵ
ЦҲüôأ
лοˣͻȻթЦˣǲõģöԲˡ
ЦТһεؿлΣʦ㣬ʲô𣿡
лμթһЦǴȫ뿪յɽׯǡһǽֶˡ
ЦТ˾̾ҲУ
ֲ֮̾ЩǣТڵҪǧڵɽҲˣһ֮£᲻ɽׯйأ
¸õġлεǸɱִɱĽݻĴһǾ֪Ծ׼ˡɽׯֵǮĶͱˣɽׯҲͶɽȥˡҪϲӣǾǲˡɽׯҲЩˣҲýµˡ˽ˣףˣһһЩׯӵȥծǳǮǽµĺˡ
ТͷǸⰡдʦФЦЦڣծǾԲҪġ֪ФСƤ֮£ж˻ҵӶҪȥ

ЦТ˳׵طˣлɽׯȥ
Цлʵʦ㣬ʦʦҲɽׯ𣿡
лҡͷҵһֱûֹлΪҲһ𲻼Ӱ֪Ǽڸʲô
Ц̲סе㵣ǣǲ°ɣ
лҡҡͷ벻ģʵ벻ʲôܹ㵽
Цһ룬лԼΪʱ

ЦТ˸лһ߽ɽׯФɽӭֵȵˣҪһ죬ǴҿɾֻƲˡʦлҪ
ЦТФɽлݡ
лںФЦ˵ФɽлνЦТһȻ΢΢һЦһʱû书泤˲١£Ҫȥ
ЦТ˹л˸¡
л¶˵εĽݻ϶Ѳ˹ϵģҾǱĽݼȥڸʲô˳ҵ֤֤ŵסһһڸʲôı뷨ֹ
л̱ĳүүҲҪȥ
л¶лҡҡͷСǸĽݻϾף˵⹫ôһϵڣĸʲô캦飬ҲǲֵġͱĽݼȥˣӦ
лԣֻܵ˵ͷֹԹԵ˻ȥ
л¼ЦТ˵жҪСЩЦͺɽҪȥЩ˱ɱɰһ£ҪȥЩѣ˳Щϼһ֤ŵסСκСȻֲ֪ܵȥˣӦǵСûбİ֣ǧҪСģȣǧҪðաҪʲôԣʲôҲܣֻܼǵͺáмǣмǣһ
ЦТлµĶһͷߡҪ֪ŵǰǰϼл¾ȻһضԼͽһ治֪ж˻

еˣɽµ˿֮Ѱɽ·ʱϢ뿪ˡ

֮󣬵ͷǧգԾͷ֮Իǣڴ֮µεɽɽʱӭǵǿһ˵ɽׯ
ЩԾ˿ͷһҪָǳŭˣľԼźݺݵŪˡ
Ǳŭյʧȥǡ
ʧȥǵ£һǺ¡ǶɽׯҿƴƻˣңǷһѻ𣬰ɽׯյøɸɾˣ
ЩµʱֻüΪ
Ǽ֮һһĺˣҸڵʹڲòͷײǽĵزΪű֤ʵ׵ģŵҪ⳥ˡ
Тдǵˮ©⳥޿ɣͼҳ⳥ͳͳ絹Ȼ˱СЦЦа֮£лȻŵĶʱģƺʱöʧ֡ȺĶ֮£һȺ䵱ΪףصظΪš塯ǰѹ֮£ԼֲФЦЦ˵ѹե֮£в¼ȫһˣµĵӲòĴŬ׬ǮάɵĿˡ
Щ̫ԣɣΪòӣòµĵǩΪʮ
һЩ翹ף⳥ɣж¼μųֹ¼֮ջǹԹԵˡҵǣǵҲ˫ˣǩҪǩʮˡ
ε¼ϵ̵ʶһǲǵģûġ





 208 


ҹӰȻԽǽ䵽Ƨ
Ӱһأ̽ͷһȻͬʱתͷͬԷʵǸߣ
ȻͬʱڵҲ֪
˶ųĬ˰ΣδˣһˣСӣǻϰ취ɡ
һӰ˵ͷ̧־ʹߵһ֦֦һף֦䵽˵ϣ˱˳ָ֦ķѸٵ뿪ˡ

֮
ТĽδҲ̫Ǯ˰ɣطöһССĳˣҿǾתҲҲĽݻסĵطǸѾֲˡЦͷʹ
Сӣ컹ľͿҪˣɨ˿¾ͻɻˣǵҸطһ죬ȵٳҡТͬε
ЦТ
ТεشˣƫƧЩĽҸû˵ĵԺӺˡ
Ц׷ƫƧĽ
ТץץԴ֪ˣǻǾͽҸԺӽȥûпԶصĵطˡ
Цͷʾͬ
ҸͽԺӣ˽ȥ

˽Ժӣ˼û˵ķ䣬Ӵ˽ȥ
˷֮˽¹ⷢһ鷿
ТյЦСӣǻǻһ䷿ɣ鷿϶ġ
Цͷ׼ѭԭ·뿪ȴͻȻм
Цһԭŵ鷿ˣΪ١
ЦһⴰǲˡϽϴТŵķȥ
ⴰһأ¹ղ鷿ˣһƬЦТ˶ʱʲôˡ
ֻһһŲŵķȥ
ûЦТ˿ĿİԹһƬڰűߣȴѾߵˡ
һ⴫ǼšСʯͷҽȥĥīҵøϽҴеľʫд
ЦТһ֮£ʱһŬϣҵĵط
ТһͦĹӣ򿪹ţһ£㹻ĴҲû̫Ķֻ˼̫ľ档
£Т㼱Ц˹
˲ŸչϹţ鷿ű㱻ƿˡ
ЦТ˶ڹУŵŶĶ
ŲݵˡһŲӵĶ֮ЦТֻ֮ǰǸԸСʯͷȥϴؽϺֽó
Ȼ˱һͯӦã幫ӣȥáű˶صĹ˹
̫ùˣЦа̾һȻ׼ֻȹһסǸСʯͷС˵ѨȻ̳ӣʣµһҲѨ
ѾߵӱˣЦ̧֣˳ָ׼
űЩ˿˶ڹЦТ
ЦТҲ˴򿪹ŵСʯͷ
һ֮£Ǹ򿪹ŵġСʯͷһ
ЦТ˸ޱȵľȡСʯͷС˾ȻǳΪ

Цջ֣ΪɿĽƻȥЩֻ±ֱԿһ죬ָָߵһȥһľС
ЦýὫǸľвűߡ
ΪɿĽԿôЩȡľУַɿĽŹˡ

ЦТڹ˿ãˡ
Ȼ֪ΪΪʲôĽݼҸ˵Сˣǰȫˡ
˶ڹλ幫ӡʫԴ󷢵ذʫһһ飬ָģд˺˺д
ȵλ幫ӡˣϰѱʸˣ춼Ѿˡ
ڹжᱳʹֻΪλ幫ӵʫݺݵؿһֿͨһͨƨֱλӿͬʫ·
ٸ㿪ڵ幫ӣȻط˯ȥҰ鷿ʰˣͰѹʫȥʦѺá
幫ǱΪ̩ͨҲûʲô飬Ӧһ鷿˳֮ǰһȺˡ
һȺ幫ӵĴ֮Զ֮󣬳ΪѸٵس嵽ЦТ˶صĹӱߣɿش˹ţ˵죬ߡ
ЦТ˸ڳΪ󣬳鷿ڳΪĴڻ֮£һ·˳ض˼ɨˣһССԺ
Ϊ˽Ժеһ䷿
һţΪɿĹţš
㡭
Ϊſ˫֣һıЦ
Т̷Цǰ
ΪӲͣס˽ŲТŭҺ˵
ТһҼСʲô˵ģѲΪܵҪҼСӻô³ԿҩµޱӣҪǲܺòޣ
Ϊţ˵˵ȫǺ˵˵³ԿҩµޱӣǱ޵ġ
ТؿͨĳΪΪܵܣ˵仰㶼ޣΪһӺѵö߳𣿡
ΪʱТ仰µƿԣҭ
첻ΪʲôÿТֻгԱķأ

ΪܵܣôҲ쵽ĽݼˣТ
Ϊ̰ͷһ˦קصߣΪʲôҪ㡣
ТЦΪ㲻ңҾͻ¶Ȼͻȫ㲻òڵϴһߴһ߻ÿҸⶾ
Ϊ͵شһ̿ڵǱĽݼġ˵ĽݻһʲôıǱĽݼң顣
Тҡͷʾţ㲻߳ôԹĻ
ΪʵΪ˻ǲġ
ЦТ˶ʱˡΪ˾Ȼǲģ
ТƤЦⲻЦصҪǶΪ˲ҸҼСʥˡ˵ˣǰǾ鷳𣿡
ΪڵǰģҲŪ۸⼸ֵܡţŪȻ۸Ҹˡ
ЦТһ˽ĵ˵ͷȷʵΨ²ҵĴħͷѾħ̵Сأ˽أ㹻˿Ūħ֮ϣȻûбҪǵץԼֵ۸ˡ

Т´˳ΪһڵΪܵܣҪ˵һǱĽݼʵǷǳΣյġһ¶ݣ»úѿġ
ΪСһޱȽĵΪŵܻССķһ˵ˣΪӺôܻء

ТŤͷЦСӣ˵ǲǳСֱܲûãܷᣬƫƫҲͷţĽݼ
ЦΪˣòТ˵ÿԺܴ
ΪһαТˣ˵˵Уûˣܷˣ
ТбΪһۣȻҳôĴ˿ãȴҪĽݼ
ΪһҲܴܻ顣ڶԼҪĽݼġ
һСв̽ĽݼĺΣաЦڵ
ΪЦһЦ㲻ΪҵĵģҲһ˻ĽݼģҸҲĽݼˡ
Тһ׷ʵʲôСӾȻҲˣĽﱾѾһһСӵĽݺˣھȻҪ겻ɢĳڣãܲã
ΪͷƵؿТһۣǰҸҲĽݼءתͷЦ㣬ҸҲܵأҴȥòã
Т̶ԳΪŭĿӣãҸСǸйȥɵˡ
ΪƻЦ磬ǱĽΪʲôӦҲΪ˰еɡĽҵط֮ôҪûŵͼʲôɡ
ʲô˼ТؿųΪ
Ϊ΢ЦҸĽҵһÿĽݼҵĸ԰Ľݼҵĵζе˽⣬ҪĻܻһ򵥵ĵͼġ
ͼԺͲ·ټĽûͷӬһתĺö
ТߵؿųΪ֮ˡ
Ĳ鲻ԸصðɣҸСӾΪѵȥˡ
ΪЦˡ
۹ϳһα̫ˬˣ˵찡





 209 


㣬סĵطԺǰˣҶӲ˵ֹû˿סΪС۸ӵ˾Ͱҷֵû˿סԺˡΪЦغТĴڣڵضЦ ԺӾֻһסƽʱҲûԸԺܰȫģᱻ˷ֵġˣҾʹȥҸ硣
ТĵڵĳΪҲЦصСʯͷǲǸȥɻˣˣ˵ҪĴȥġ͸ϽȥɣҪǲӽãССūҪܷŶ㲻ûᱻƨɵŶ
㡭Ϊһαˡ
ТŲߵƣ־סΪ죬ţȥˣ˳ֵİָˡ

ΪŶТƴˣȴԺ˳ɤŴţСʯͷȥˡ
ΪΣֻóɤӦһ㱼Ժӡ
ЦТ˴ڳΪȻͬΪ˵ǳİȫһ죬ûκ˿˵ֹԺӰ벽
˾ܰȫϢ̫ɽɫڡ

֮ʱʹĽݼСˡСʯͷĳΪŻ
ΪһʳУװŸɫȡģǷʢ
ǸʳУߵТǸ̾ĽݼҹȻǮȻС˵Ļʳõ̶ֳȣȻȫɽ亣ζȡ
ΪֽСԴǧᣬĽݼҵСĴֻҡСʯͷĴѡǲ֪ĽݼҿǼ伫ϲ伫˻ӭġֻҪȥתһȦЩ岮ȫͺóԵĸҡ
Т̧ͷ˿Ϊٿ˿ǰĴʳкһѵĺóԵģΪʵÿȥǶôóԵģ
Ϊ⣺ǵȻ˭Ϊ˼˰ء
Т̾Ϊܵܣ̫ˣ
Ϊ⡣
Т̾û뵽ССһˣȻһʳȻ˲òడ
ΪСסˡ
Тٸ̾ЩĽ岮ǲףιˣҪιС
ΪСˡ
ôõһôһҶһأΪҪеΪ
ΪҧгݵТ˶ȥ׼ТЦŶųΪӳһѷĩ
ΪˣͬʱƣպݺһƣƷЩĩƿ
˵ȫλãΪƵضТһЦ磬ʧء
Т΢ЦŴʳһͽΪܵܣ̫ɵ̫ˣҪ¶Ҫӷĩ鷳ԶһָҲˡΪܵܣڲ˸ԡ
ΪһĽŽɣ˿˵һС죬ȴõȻһʹѾҲɢһա
㡭㡭ΪŭֱָָТȻԶһָܶ¶ˣΪʲôҪӷĩ㡭㡭㡭ˣң
ТҡͷҲҲҳӷĩΪˣ㣬ֻΪܳƶѡҪǲҶµĶõġ
ТųΪΪܵһߵСúı΢ЦŵʵΪܵղҪǲһСۣҳҵĹ϶ǵסġ˵ҵĹôһһҲܰסˡȻ֮ҲжǸʱѾ䵽ˣĥвҪҽҩġ̫ϧˣΪܵܣһõĻᰡ
ΪѪĳ嶯
û취ˣһߵħһɣʱǽħͷĶ֡
ĳΪСܵܺۿתʧЦ˹ȥѰҰο㣬۸ҡءҵĹȫʧˡĽݼҺΣյĺΣյģʧȥʱܻΣյģҪҡ
Тһ߳һӣͼסΪԮ֮·
ΪݵӵЦȥ
ТϽͦЦǰ
ΪһТȥ
ТһʱΪ߸š
Тŭ̽ıȳΪߴƣǰѿòĳΪ˵ڵء
ΪʾȥТͷ
Т̷ȥ
ڵ˺
Т˸ںʱȫʧֽʼĳΪսкܿռϷ磬ѳΪС۸
Ц̾ڵϴһŵˣ̾˿ٰ٣Ǹ۸СǲԵġ۸С֮ǰصذСѶȫʧǺ޳ܵġصȫʧҩɢСѶȫʧ֮⻹޳ܵ˼ġ
ТаЦţӻͳһëħΪСܵܵĽţ˿ĳСܵЬ࣬ʼöëظСܵĽŵĦʱЦڿȥˣתú󱳶۸Сӵ٣ӣſĳСЪ˹ĿЦĬĬĿʼʳ
ǲҾ徰ЦĬĬΪĳСһͬᡣ
Цһ߳Ŷһ뵽һ⡣
ΪСܵܶ۸ˣƵȻĴ󷢣ŹҲѾЦ鴤˰ɣӦòԷ˰ɣ
˵Тǵòȫϴֻһ𻨸⣬ڶӻͦġ
˵ˣ˷ʳǲԵģǻǴġ
ЦİõذʳĶֳݣԼһݣТһݡСûзݡ

ǰҰҵŮˡТеĶëˢΪŽġ
㳤㵱ŮҲЦĳСѵ
ҵŮҲˣȻҵϷҡТеĶëɿתΪҽŵĽģʼȦȦ
ЦÿҪ˵ĳСĬĬ˻ں޵ˮΪʲôԼأҵϷһѾŻˣҵϷһС۰ǳ˸˼Ҿ硭
ҼСӡТеĶë·ɣһһҽţĳСֱЦ쭡
Ҹ㣬ֲ㣬ǨŭСΪԼƽˡ


Т۸С۸ˬˣĳΪСܵҲѾһϢˡ
Ц¿Т֣ԷϻкܶҪء
ТߵЦ£ؿʼԷ
Է֮ǰ˶һ¹ȻǺǵģθƢ˵˶øζˡ

Т̵ĳԷȫ̱ڵصĳΪĬĬˡԼǶôĵùȻϲ޳ܵ۸СӣֶͱɵĶ¶ĺݽɫ
ΪȭС¶顣һҪϧһд۰Լɰٶ֮ȻƾаҶ٣ҲʩëĵĿ̡ 
ΪТԼ¶ʧܣԼһ߷ڵأЬɦĵıģд֣һ̲סٺٵЦ
Цͬؿ˿ڵϲɵЦĳСһۣתͷǴؿТһۣúõһӶ۸ɵˡ
Ųҵ£϶ɵԲǱ۸˲űɵġТܲϡ


ЦТ˳˷ТŸΪ˶
Ϊܵܣҳ극ˣʹȥˡТȥõͼҼСӾͲȥˣϢһ
˶ָĳΪӵҸŲأҴһȥˡ磬ͲȥˣϢˡ
Т׹һСǲǻ뱻ɦģ
ΪʿˮǵԼûﵽٶֵľ磬ˣðɣðɣҲһȥˡ
ТƽһһȥͺˡŲҪСȥڼء
Ϊ̯̯״磬ﵽҸԶģҵṦɲ㣬ܻܿᱻ˷ֵġ


Ϊʵ飬ĻˣТվǲòЦͳڼˡ

ЦТͳΪΪ˶һ·һѲҹСӣ˲ٵĹŵ˰ĳĽеס
һͦԺӣסĶĽؽĻ
ĽݼĻ٣ʮˣԺӰ˼С˺ѾźһסԺ˲¶ʮ
ϣвԺȲ裬ԺԵ÷֡
͵͵ԺǽЦТͳΪһ۾Ϳ˳ڡ
ģʲô˶һۿڵģΪʵ̫ˣ벻һ۾ͿǲǼ¡
ֻڱεıһȺѾĹΧšһȺʮôࡣ
ЩΧڳߣŸ˵ʱһ۸мĻһἷǰڵ䡣
ΪץסЦԼĺã㣬Ҹ糤úãֺãϲˡ
ТŽӻΪܵܣģһܴĽݼҸҸɩӵġ
ТתͷֶЦСӣ㿴Ⱥĸ䣿
Ц˿ΧųȺЩﶼúƯҾÿһ䰡
Ϊ뿪Ϊ˵ȴТɭЦݺóĶëŵס졣
磬Ҳ˵Ҳû취ҲٱöëɦˡĳΪСѲĵͷ
ТΪûٿڵĴ㣬ЦˣѶëջ
ſǽͷȡǵȰȣԺ˶Ѿ½ȥ˯ˣΧųڵȺȴû٣ԽԽơ
ТˣΪܵܣҲ̫з˰ɣǵſȵʲôʱ֪ǾͲôˡ
Ϊڵû취Ҹ糤ÿ˵ţĳЩˣǸȴñŮ˻ЩϲҸҲǺġ
ǸΪ̵ġĳЩˡɭɭЦˣְѶëͳ
ΪŵøϽģ磬ҴˡҴˡٵȵȾˣĽݼй࣬ϴҲܣ˯ǰÿԺӶרŸͷģЩϾͻȥˡ
ТŶëɭɭЦ
ΪָϽٲһ䣺磬㲻òڣֶҲһҲȱģһ֪ǸصĴɷ򡭡
ТŰѶëջȥ
ּһЩﻹûһҪɢȥ˼
ТҪڱԹȴԺ߽һһʺѵŮ
ΪһŮӱ㡮һű찡ôþȻҲˡ²ˡ
ԺﱾмһˣһһµŮӽһӼèһһܾŵı飬Żȥˡ
ΪŨŨĵ֮飬Т˾ϸϸǸһµĻá
ֻŮӳø׳֣Բͷϲһ컨Ϳѩף촽ͿѪ죬üڡ
ϵĺҪСһ룬ֱһ
ƫǰߴ羪ˣδᣬ׸˿Űľ»ᱻˡ
ȴƺ˿û·ܻᱻѵԾ·һҡŤŤֱŤϵķҲ
⻨ϴͿаķۣһߣһ߶ϵķһµ
ТõսľΪСʵΪܵܣʲôˣ
ΪĽݼҼСһǮؽͷ˵տɺˣֻҪһ磬СǶƽɫĽݼҵķСһҪΪͷװ磬мŻˡ
Ϊ˵һֵر𲹳˵ܿµġ
ЦҲչʣô·
ΪСϲëëˡֻҪеģϷɧŹҿ಻ԣε״ҪߡܼҶѾ׼ˣЩСһ˵ҪϻߣˡܼұԺСȥֱûͷҲֻ⻨
ŶϲëëŰТһߵͷһֿ˻ô˵Ҫùˡ

ǻߵȺϱűΧмĳڼȥȺȻԻõΪȴҲвһӲǱ˳ߡ
ִ硭˼ҺӴŴӴɤＷĽειߵųڵͿñǽ׵ϻϵļһߡЦݡһЦϵķһµ
Цݵɱ󡣳ڶһſǽϵЦТͳΪҲŶһȺмǸߡЦݵģҲ̲סһ
ǻôӻҲʺɫ־סԼ죬ԳԡЦѽִ磬࣬Ȼ˼ҿˡ˼֪ԼҲ˼ҿ˼һẦߵء
е¡ԩĳѾˡ
һ˵ţһ߰ų˹ȥ
ŵ̺һ
˸գ̶Žţ󷢽˼ҿһʲôϵ࡭ոջ˼ҿת۾ͼװˣһ˵ţһ֣ڳڵļϴһ¡
ڱģмΧأʵ·ˡ
޴˵ĳڱô˼
ô˳ڵļ֮󣬴Ҳ˳·ˣָ̱ΪƣΪ
Ӵִ磬ԭ㲻ǳÿҲءõڳڵźýʵء
ᣬТ͵Цóӿᡣ
ȥ赲ú𾢵֣ȴץסϸϸӴִ磬˵ЩֲڣҲ
ڵѾˣЩڱ˵ᱡʱˡ
иǰһŻõã治֪߳ܣЩſִ磡ִˣ
޹գۣ˼в֪߳ˣ˼ұûִִ֣ӲҪ˼
˵ˣųһִۣ磬˵ǲǰ
ڱõ׵ȫëֱæΪԼҲ
ڲ˵͸֣㱻ôϣǵصѽִ磬Ҫ˼ҹôһˡšٲȻ˼һҲ
ڵɫøˣԶԻõĻֹģΪղҵأҡ
ڻδ䣬ûһסԼǰ찡ѵִ㡭ֹ˼ҵأ
ĶˡТ죬͵Цȫûǽϻȥ
쳤𣺡Ϊס㲻ҵأ
ͻȻס죬ԳԡЦһЦһؿųڣ࡭ԭ㲻ϲ˼ذ
һ˵һѸײڶٶ˳ڵƨһ£ֳԳЦִ磬มȻϲ˼ƨɡ
λﱻõ޳оˣһľվųڱƨɿ
߷
ҲŲϲҵƨɣ޿̵ش󺰵
ԭִ㻹ϲءӳڵŭܿ϶ص
ҲϲأҲϲңﶼУڼѾˡ
ִôִֵȻܲ˵ĽǣҪ㲻ϲ˼Ϊʲô˵ΪʲôҪ˼أ֣Ҫ˼ȥƨɣΪʲôҪ˼ȫˣ˵Ҫ˼ִ磬ϲ˼㣬Ӳϳϡ
һŤһ˦һףִ硭ϲ˼ֱ˵ˣʲôķ
λﱻõĻͷʼûɵųڡ
ں޲ԼѾˡ

Тȴûм͵ЦˣŻã¶˼ı顣
һ۸ڣִ磬ˣҪ˼ˣ˼ҡһҪĽЦݣϲ˼˼Ҿˡ
˵꣬һ۸ڣڳڵϺݺһѣһŤת뿪ˡ
Тһ߽һ߶ЦСӣ죬Ǹá


ЦȻТΪʲôͻȻϻãȻһץסТϢظȥ
ιιΪôˣҸ𣿿
ЦТȫ˳ΪĺͷҲصˡ
ΪݵؿԶȥӰ˵ؿһֻۣε졪磬ʵ̫ˣҶˣ㻹Ǽ






 210 


ЦТһ·ĸǻöȥ
ֻһ·ֻҪеģһ޲Ǿ״Ķӡ
ЩһѲҹСҲ⣬һֻҪԶԶƳһ㻨õӰӱʧɫƴܿ
һӵùתſãˣߵԾ͵ضأȴұ÷֡
˽ԣеһ˵ϣƲͬ񱼶ȥʣµǸ˻õħ֮УͷϸϸĺϷһͨ
ȵû뿪Ѿɫˡ

ͬٴβ⻨öֵϢźܿʹ˳ȥЩѲҹСӵٿõʱӾ֣ܵٶҲٴμӿˡ
ЩѲҹСѲߵʱΪ棬ֻҪ˱ǰʡЦТҹǱĽݼҵʱΪ˶ǻ˲ٵĹ򣬿ڣһ·ŻñҪ˼ˡ

˽ڻֻöһ·еŵҴܣвұģҪݲһ
Żץסһʮ߰Сˣڶֵʱ򣬶ڴϵЦТʵΪʲôҪ
Тϸ⻨õ۾񡣡
Цԣ㶢ǻϸؿһ󣬽űЩ̫϶صס⻨õôô죬ôһء
ТСӣ񣬸ǡ
Ц⣬⻨лΪưģ
ТͷлΪݸİĹȷʵһҪǸʵ̫죬һϲ
ЦתͷݵĿТ٣ʵ̫ˣ⸱㻹ϵó
ТҿʼҲûϳġֻǾ⻨õƤʵ̫ˣ񵽿ԸлΪһƴĵزлΪơһ뵽лΪƣҶʱ⻨õЩϤϸһ룬лΪǰǵʱɲľֹ̬
ЦͷлΪôĽݼأӦøʦʦߵ𣿾ǱʦʦĽݼҴ̽ģôʲôⲻ̫ע𣿡
Тµ˵δȥˡ
Цͷ

˼һǸлΪưɵĻãһҸ¶档Ľҽ䱸ɭϣƫƧĵطרְѲߵСӡ˵ЩѲСӶԡáŷɥԶԶһƳáɫ½ǱӵӰ٣Ҳҿ϶ЩѲСǲǾͶԶšáš뿪ڽǣ˱ҲûðȻ¶棬ֻǼĸڡá

áֺĿֻǺϹһʱʱԺסùļһݲһ֮ҹѾҪˡ
ʱѲߵ֮Ѿû߶ˡ
áŹһݲеɫ׵ĿˣԺӡ
Ժ֮ġáȻһŤŲȴӯٵһȥ
ЦТ̸ϡ
ѲߵȻǼˡáŤͷܣá͸ںЦТ˺˳ر㵽һԺԺһƬĻصӲݣԺļӿҲббģһʧ޵ӡ
Ժֻһŵơ
áһ·СǼӳȥɤǵƤ磬ˡ
ЦТֻһӰһΣű顯һײӵĺ󴰴˳ȥһգ۱˸Ӱ١
Զˣáһۣת򣬳ӱߵһӲݣɿִеһü۵Ӳ˼ƬҶѸս˻
ȡáҶսǿӲͻȻͿʼƿήˣֻһ˲䣬Ӳݱ˿ݲݡ
Тһ̲֮סһ²ݣ²ݣ
áת˭˭Ѿ¶ɱ⡣
Т̽ͷšá˻֣ҡ
ЦҲ̽ͷ
ЦТáһһ䣬ġسТһЦһŤ߹ѽÿĹӰýúۡһ˵ţһТȥ
Тһӣش䡮áؿ֣лΪƣҪǸҾҼСӶ֡
á޹״ź־ʲôлΪƣ˼û
ТЦװҼС㡣
ЦϵĿʼӡ
лΪƿТٿЦˣ־ŽţŤӣ˼ҶˣǾȻǰ˼Ҹϳˣᡭ˼Ҳ
Тͷ鴤
Ц侲ؾȭͷڵлΪƣٲú˵Ҿˡ
лΪʶر졣
ôʦʦأТ
лΪƴүͷĽݻİ㣬жˡ
ʲôЦТ˶ʱʧɫ찡лȻСξȻı˸ˡ
лΪƸϽû£ҲѾòˡ
ЦТһ𼱼׷ʵ
лΪƴĽݼҡ
ĽݼңЦТ̲ס־̾ˡ
лΪ̯֣û취ĽݻµòͨĶ
ТָָѾή˵²ݣӿڵĪʦʦе²ݵĶ
лΪƵͷǵġ²ϺĶҲ֪ĽݻǴģϡǾȻֻˡ²ݵ֭Ѭʦһʱ˰㡣
лΪƶТҲ֪ģ²ݵĶԼΪԵжҪǻѰˣѾΪһ̯ŧˮˡүͷͶĽݻĻ䱸һж˳
лΪ̯̯֣˵ʵүͷжӲģĽݻ̫дΪүͷ²ݵĶ̱֮òүͷ֮һ¾ˣΪ²ݵĶܽ⣬Ҳûɳ̫׷ϣүͷűҽӦˡҽӦ֮󣬱㰴үָʾǻĽݼҡ
ТͷˣʦҵĹż϶Ҫ²ݵĶǵ²ݡ
ТתͷЦ˵²ֶأÿ㳤һΣһֻܳһ죬ʱʱ˲Ϊݲݡÿ¹ʢһһƽʱɫҶӲ᳤ͬʯİɫҶƬڿήǰժ£ɾ綾֮Ҫ䶾Ҫÿ²ƽʱɫҶӡ
үеĶûзأĽݼʱδȫʧʱҵĽݻµ²ݣŵ¡лΪؿڵʵΪգһĽݻֻǴɵõ²ݵĶҶȴûн²ֲɹүͷ˵ɾľȲˡ
ТлΪһµĴ磺ʦʦﶼôˣ㻹˼ɧűˣ
лΪƾ죬һίصҲû취Ҫⶾ͵ÿ춼õ²³Ҷӡƫƫ²ּǲףҲðս²͵ߣֻÿζ͵ժҶӡ书УϢض㿪Ǹס￴²ݵֵժϼµҶӣһһʧֱȫֻŵˡΪһҾܣҵҲܴĺòáһ˵ţһáᡯЦТ廹һŤһŤء
ЦТ˽ԱлΪƵ鶯ŵúë
Тֱۣʲôÿܴݲôˣﻹ֪жءˣô£ôҲ֪ͨǣ
лΪҡͷһҲŵù˸šڶĽݻ϶Ϊүͷû֪ѾˣԲ뵽үͷ˾ͶƤӵ͵͵ֲ²ݽⶾҪյţһĽݻ뵽ʲô²ݸǿô죿Ҫ֪ժ²ݵҶӶصصȵ²ݿҪήʱŸ֣±˷²ݵҶӱ˸ˡ
Цͷʦʦأ
ҵһססԺлΪ·ҲϹˣҸôҶӻȥˡ
лΪ̧ߣЦТ˸ȥ
лΪͣͷҸʲô
ȥʦʦЦ
Тŵͷ
ȥлΪƵɫˣǵʦǳ׽ⶾ֮ǰԾԲκĽݼҵ˶ġ׼ȥǣҲңУҲԲٿԺӡΣҪ²ݺúõĻšүͷ˵ϵˡĶ׽ˣȻǡ

ЦТлΪƵŵˣԹԵ֤ԲͼȥлȻСΣȥҲԾԲٿԺӡ
˳ԺӣлΪź־һŤˡ
ЦТ˽лΪƵ˸лΪ෴ķߡ

ҵƧһ֮󣬾ʱȥĽݻ鷳лȻСγ׽ⶾ֮ǰؼԹԴڳΪ
˴⣬׼ȥΪסǸԺӣȴҵķȫ֪ôܻصΪסԺȥһ·ˡ




 211 

һ·ЦТټĽϹת˺þãõТѾʼûȥҪͼˡ
˽¹һ·ϹߣÿִѵѲҹСӳ˱̱ߡ
ţһ·ѲҹСԽԽ࣬Ѳҹ书ҲԽԽǿмںڰҲ㣬ҪЦнŲʱܿ˿¾Ҫ˸ˡ
ޱȼĺڰСǰֻүܴ󷢴ȱҵΪٲȻҵҲС
ţͻȻǰл̵֣ͷߡ
ûЦһסТǱҲ˹ˡ
Т¹⿴˿ΧָһŵľС·Цߡ
ЦͷֹյС·ϣѸȥ
¹⣬˷С·ľͷһܴԺӡ
ԺһƬƹҲޣҲûһ
ѾϹת˺ܾãתú۵˶ʱһǳõĿĵط
ЦТ߸ߵԾ𣬵ϢʱѾԺˡ
ԺȻһӰҲޡ
ЦҲûʲô̷ԺӺûסӣȫˣǿҸطúϢһˡ
ТͷһԺӵȥ

ڴͬʱģûаԺӵ˾š
õľĬ֮еһˣүƾүΪʲôҪԺȫǲߣְԺеĵƶϨˡôڣôе㺦ˡҪĵİ͵ˣܲȻȥˡ
شĽƾޱȵ׳Ҫ£ҺͺأٳԿİɡ
ڰеĴ׳ͷҡø˹ƵģԵġôڣ»ѵĳԵȥȥ˯˰ɡ
ش׳ģĽݺ֣׼
׳ίصү죬ǰ죬ǰ죬ǰ죬ǰ졭֮ʱƾүϽаҹ͵ĹȻѰ׼ߣð˯߲㣬˶ѾȦˡ
ĽƾɤӣҼǵҶҪҹʲôȥˣҲ˵ʵģûУ
׳ںڰеͷˡͬԺֵôʣƾүԸģü̾ظ˵ǳ֪ġ
ͶˡĽƾ͵ص׳㿴ôܵ£Һͺ궼ˣ֮жˡ
׳ЩͷԵصܵ£ÿҹڳԵҲǼܵ£
ڰУĽƾ׼ȷĵ˴׳ļͷ׳ѵΪÿ쵽ϰȫǲߣٰԺеĵƶϨˣԺŪúһƬΪܰҹڳԵ𣿡
׳ԣĬһ£ԥԥؿڵѵҹڳԵĲƾүүĹƧ𣿡
ĽƾĽݺ˳ĬһͬʱץһģŴ׳ӹȥ
еĴ׳ҺƾүүúõõҰʲô
Ľƾ̾Ϊ㳤ˡ˻Ա˷û¸ɣϲҹڳԵģյУյУ
յУ׳ٶͷˣʲôУѵϲ͵ԵĵС
Ľƾ泤̾׳ûˡɴ౿ˡ
׳ίصʵˣûôƣȻ벻׼թƾү㵽ʲô
ĽƾЦߣߣ׳ҪҲʵˣĽƾͰֵд
׳ǻʵʵˡ
ĽƾЦ׳׳ʵ֣ȴǼϸġôΪȥȴ˵ǸˣǸ򿪵Ҳͨı̥ҩֲʲôϡķӣļζҩиõģҾͲ㿴򿪸ǸŮõı̥ҩ
׳ЩĲ֪Ǵ򿪵ǸŮõı̥ҩ
Ľƾضϴ׳Ļ׳ƱûõġȻңеĻи˽ܹȥʲôˣ
׳Ͱ͵⡭⡭ơƾү㡭㡭ⶼ֪ˡ
Ľƾ׳̫˽Ǯˣֵ̫벻ע⵽СԲһ飬Ȼ֪Ͷˡں굽лŮĶľȥˡʵЩҩҲǹ⵹۴ע⵽İɣΪһ֣źŮ˵öĺ˵ʴһһʮǧɡ
׳˵ˡ
Ľݺ𣺡׳ն˵Ҹôأ
Ϊүü紷˲ˮţɺá׳̿뷣
ĽݺصҾȥá
ҪĽݺ껹û˵꣬׳һţסĽݺȣү֪ˣҪѰð֪ˣ֪ˣԺҲˣ
֪ͺáĽƾڵ׳ǼȻεյжǾ˵ǻǺġֻҪֵúãǻǿԿǲȥõġ
ƾү׳̷ſĽݺ꣬ıĽƾĴȱˣıһܺúܺ÷ǳõġ
ܺáĽƾĴ׳ļ磺Ͻſңھ͸㣬ôΪʲô
׳֡
Ľƾɤӣſڵ׳Ҳ֪ģĽݼεļĽݻΪ˴ɱչؾȥˡ
׳ͷǣǣ֪
ĽƾǾͻȻչºܿɡ
׳˱չģʲôɵģ
Ľƾ̵á
׳æĸĿڣɿɣʵ̫̫̫ˡ
Ľƾż˵Ǿ϶ʲôıˣƫƫֲ֪«ʲôҩǲ֪ǲıչȥˣ˵ʲôطҲ֪
׳ʵطʣǰԺŪúʲôϵ𣿡
ĽƾΪĳһֱĽݻѺϼλӣĽݻȻ֪㵽ʲôطȥʲôıˣǾԾԲɶԺļӵġô취عŹŹֵֹģĽݻɻ굽ڸʲôԲ񲻰
ĽݻǶɣŹֵľٶһɳ̽̽ǵڸЩʲôĽƾŴ׳ҪģǵĽݻɳ̽Ȼһֺ񹦵̽ӿ̽ߵʱҸ͸ȥ̽ӵʲôطȥʲô˱̽Ρ
׳ˣηηص᲻ʲôΣأ
ĽƾȻΣˣһСıˣпܻᱻڵġ
׳һ£Ȼǡǡǲμӵĺá
ĽƾĴ׳ص׳̫ˣҶѾǵļƻˣҪ㲻վЭǣҾֻɱˡ
׳̱ˣسţ찡ﰡ׳զôôءҪˡ
Ľݺ걻׳ŵúëֱס죬ضĽƾƾˡ
ĽƾĴ׳ˣˣҲˣ־ͱˣҲǴݾߣ书ɱôס˵ˣأһỤġ

׳뿪ڣȴĽݺֻҪ֣̾ȥ
׳̹ԹԱˡ
ĽƾԴ׳ҲѾװŪһʱˣҹţ⼸̽ˣ㡣Ҫ͵Ҫһд׳Сˡ
һһ׷۵ġá׳˸£̴㾫ȫ䱸

ʱһӰϢشӴȥԶһƬСԶȥ
ӰһߵСԸ˴̽ͷСӣôȥôã𣿡
͵ЦԣյТߣղ͵ĽݺꡢĽƾ׳ĶԻТ˵һ顣
Тˣͷ룬Цû뵽ĽݼڲìܣҲãҪԸĽݻҲЩ
Т˵ţȴһӰǰӹֱݶȥ
ЦТ˶һۣͬĽݻ̽Ӱɣ
ТЦСӣĿȥ
Цͷӯȥ 

ЦǵӰ֮󣬿Ӱ֮ǰ͵Ĵȥ룬ƵһͷĴߡ
Ц˼ͬʱأЦ֮ʱϢһ㶯ҲûУҲƵüã޷
˵ṦҲǼãʱҲϢȴƵòãЦȫϢǳ˸죬Ľݺü
Ľݺ˫ţһһң˴׳Ľƾһš
׳Ľƾᡣ
ĽƾվװģһдʣһߵĽݺ󣬽˫ְѨ֮ϣװһĽݺ˹ӡĽݺϵ̧߽ţֹŹֵĶ
׳װӣصλ߽
Ľƾջһֻ֣ڴ׳ڻ͵͵һߵĲѲˮĽݺ걳ϡ
Ľݺ˹۵ϣʪ͸˵ıڵˮˮеĽݺָѶȵĹ춯
һѲĹ֮Ľݺ걳ϵĲˮˣˮʧˣĽƾװģջ֣Ľݺװģ˸չļơ
ĽƾеضĽݺ꣬񹦽չˣ
Ľݺƽصͻһ㡣
Ľݺһ˵ţһԶһǽ״赭дطһơ
Ľݺһƿ赭дʵȴںһƷֱǽȥ
Ľݺ֮ǰѾǽӡԼӡĽƾЩǸӡֻҪ΢ƷȥۣǸӡֳһ书ѾоĴ
һ͵ĳƣһ滹Ҫ̺Ʒһѵ£ĽݺֻҪЩ΢ܴ۵ƷѾ㹻֮ǰĽݺѾˣȻǿġƫƫ֮ǰ춯ʱͶ룬ֱһŤʱŤһŤƵʱûпƺãƷƫˣûܰǽϵǸӡ¶
Ľݺһ
ˣʧˣôϷˡ
Ľݺ꿴ǽɥˣ˳Ծ鷢ˣǶǽȻ˿ȻȻˡ
͵̽Ӿˡ赭дһƾȻ
ĽݺĽƾԴ˴ܿڰƭˡ
Ĵ׳ݵصүʵ̫ˣ
Ľݺ꿴˿ǽѹǧ˼侲Ϲⲻʲô񹦴֮գҽȽոǿʮ꣬µһλþҵˡ
̽һĺ漴ṦȻȥ
Ľƾһ䣺꣬ｻˡ
˵꣬Ľƾ׳һṦǸ̽ˡ

ԶĽݺתǶǽƽؿڵ֪ղλһ
ЦǽǸλãĽ֣ҡ
ԭղЦһߣĽݺľٶҪ԰ڹǸ͵̽ӿǽһ֮
Ľݺ꿴Цϲԭ㰡
һ˵ţĽݺһ߿첽Цȥ
Ľݺ껹ûߵЦǰһӰԼٶȵķɱĸСƵķ³嵽ЦǰվĽ֣þò
һ˼Լ˱Ů˵ТĽݺɫһ䣬Т¶غŶТΪ񣺡ԭ֣Ǻþòˡ
ĽݺТӶԷĴڰۣӣȻͬʱŤͷȥ޲öԷ̾ǰʧ
˶ӵһ˲ģ˵Ｘûɳ
û취мۺ찡

Ľݺ˵ƣЦТ¡
ôģ𣿡ĽݺԴϲĶЦ
ĽݹӣϰǺܲõġТŵҸҼСĽݼһѵģǸѾԾԲͶˡȻĽݺĽݻ̣վһˣТǵСκлȻİΣǾĽݺ֪ǱлصĽݻ鷳ġ
ĽݼҵλҪҰæˣĽݺЦ
òáТٶ𣺡ĽݼҶתȦҵġ
ĽݺеضЦĽҺΪ٣书ߣȴҲҪСģ绹Ұҵˣѵˡ
Т𣺡²ģڣû˵ҼСӵġ
ĽݺŭݺݵصТһۡСôôᣬȻһ仰ҲҸ˵
ТЦҼС˵ǲǣƫᣬ㡣
ĽݺٴγԸЦТŬ𡭡
˸ɴֱӸˣҵǣԹֻóһ仰˵ĽݺԲТĶ֣ڿͷϱТ۸úܲҡ


 212 


Ľƾʹ׳׷̽ӻͼһǽЦТĽݺˡ
Цһĵ˯ӣТһЦһ⣬ĽݺŸһܲˬӡ
Ľƾǰһȭ񣺡ԭղųﰡлл
ТĽݺ˯ЦԸϽ񣺡֮Ͳض񡣡
׳ԴɻصѵղǶǽǺүһƴģģ
ĽƾǽȻֵĽôԶô޵ĳƣôǿĹˣ׳ѵпˣϽȥҵԵǴһԸҹ
׳ӦһȥҳԵȥˡ

ĽƾЦкЦТ̬ȼΪڣӣѵĽһˣЩӺˡ
ТĽƾĵЦҲ΢ЦˣǲʲôҪǰæĵط
ТֱӵĵԼͼĽƾεЦЦû취ǵĶ̫ǿһСĿ¾ͻСֹؼʱλĸǾʵ֮ˡ
ТĽƾʵǸĽݻìܣҪǵ
ĽƾָָĽݺ꣺ĽݻìĽݻҵҲȤǺҪġ
ҲˣҲмĻ˵ĽƾĽݺûзԵ˼ЦТ˵ĽҵļĽݻĽݼϴǰһ¥Ľݻ֮ϴĸ״Ľҡϴķ˵õϢֱӶſڣֱӰĽݻĸ׸ߣֻĽݻĽҡ
ĽݻȻǳӣΪĸײĽҵˣûʸ񵣵ĽݼҼġϴȥ֮ǰΪԭϴĶȫˣֻʣΨһһŮ֮£ϴʮ㱻šȥڽϴĽݻٻĽҡ
ʱʮĽݻ书ϵѾߣڽҲּˣ£ĵֶξһһϴ֧֮£ܿĽվ˽Ÿ֮Ȣ˳ϵŮΪޣõϵȫ֧֡ԴˣĽݻ㳹׽ĽҰѳԼ֮С
֮ϴڱչʱͻȻ߻ħĽݻʽĽݼҵļǳ֮⣬ĳȫϿĽݻĵλǾĸǸ˳ĽݻûʸĽݼҵļЩʱȨѹȥ
ĽݻȵĵĽݼҵļֱͬĸãҲϴʣŮĽһӡĽ¼޵ǵʱĽϵҳϵĶӣĽ²һ֮ҳҳλĽݻԲ˳ӦþĽµĶӣϴС
ҳһ£̵õ˳֮гϵͬһ¾ĽµĶʸĽҼλáԵ̫죬ҲѹסˣĽݻֻ֮ͬĽµĶӳ֮Ѽλýȥ
ǽҲӦòµˡĽƾЦТĽµĶȻϸĿȴûܻʮ꣬ʮ꿪ʼٲ˼꣬ڻǲˡ
Ҷ֪Ľ¶ӵĽݻѲ˹ϵƫƫûа֤ݡĽݻҲû뵽ĽڶǰΪ˸ӳϲȢϱȻˡĽƾָָһĽݺ꣬Ľºλϵϸı֮£ûĽݻ굽ӣʮ֮󣬺ͽĳˡ
ĸҲг֮һŮ֮еĳһϸıһֱƵĽݻòͬںܶһ֮Ѽ֮λóĽƾЦТˣ̯̯֣ǸĽݻҪȥ˰ɣ
ЦТ˵ͷʵ̫ˣ
һ뵽Ľݻĺﶼ̲ס˶
ĽݻԼʮа˾ĽϴҲĽݻѲ˸ϵĽݻЩͬĸֵܣǿҲĽݻľĲ߻֮¡
Ľݻ˹ȻǹݣκηĴһһȥҲãֵҲãŮҲã
ЦТ뵽СκлȻжǵǡ

Ľƾ˵λʵҲ׵ģҲѾһĽݻбȥϰû´ĻɱЩˣȴƵͷϣҪŽ˵ֳȥšǰЩյϢλεɽɽׯѾЩһѻճƽˡ
ϢΪЦܴȵػ˻֣ûµģǰվպˡɵĲȥµĲ
Ľƾû뵽ЦɽׯٵϢȻķӦһʱ䷴Ӧˡ
ܲ˵һ˵ֻ˵Ľݺȴǡôؽӹ˻Ȼȣȵ׻֮ʱЩһΪԼ³çΪĪġ
ĽݺѾϰڱض˵Ľƾˡ
ĽƾȫȫĴˡ
ТһЦ֮ǰش𣺡ȻģһǻĪġСӺʹʦФЦҪծЩһڵ޲ġ
СӾȻĽݺŭؿТ
ТƵЦ
Ľݺճȭ
Т䡣
Ľƾʱ˹ͦǰ˻ҩζŨм䡣
л˵л˵Ľƾһ˵ţһߺݺݵĽݺһۡʲôողЦֵúõԼ۾Ͷ䣬һתۣϸТˡֹؼʱĽݺѵͲ֪˸ùϵҪ𣿰ͷʹ
ʱ򣬴׳Ỵ̈žƲ˴ӳˡ
׳ɵúáĽƾϲĴ׳ļ򣬵ʱ򰡡

Ʋ˷һĽݺۼֿƺЦǰľƱϣְԼıӵƱлȸΪ
Ľݺͷȸɱеľơ
ЦϰߵذѾƱƵТǰû취ΪТһҧ˾ƻᷢƷ裨һԼǲϵģϽȾƣЦƣТźȵġ
ТסЦƹľƱ
ĽݺݺݵؿТ
ТžƱͷһתСӺ˾֮طƷ裬ϲŽ׷˿˶ʱ׷书˿ٵʱ书õһ˿ڳԼЦ֮⣬ĽݺꡢĽƾʹ׳ˣĽݺ书õһ
Та˼ˡЦһƣһ׷Ľݺ񿳲ֹ
Ľݺ²Ǻ˾֮书ЦĶ֡
ТĽݺ꣬аЦˣֱЦòԵĽݺëȻ
þТ׼ѾƻЦʱ뵽СκлȻϵǿò۵²ϡ
Ƿǳʱڣܶ¶ˡ
Т̾εķݺĽݺͷƲֵؾƱĽݺҼСӲܺȾƣһҴˡ
Т˵꣬ͷһںȸ˱ľơ
Ҿľ˭ҪˣĽݺ޵ıТȥ
һߵĽƾ״ֿ̿ŵĸЦһ裬ƺĽݺľƱȻﲻƣǾԲƺˣ꣬پһΡ
ĽƾתͷТ΢ЦӣܲҲܺȰɣ
Тߺ޵ͼɱĽƾ
Ľƾ΢ЦŸТЮˣӣز
ĽݺĽƾЭ¾Ƴɹ
ТЦǱȥޱеϣСκлȻսⶾԷſֽŰĽȮرĽݺꡣˣĽƾҲܿɶһܷŹ


Ľƾ¿ӣЦТ˵ǴҺɺã
ԸĽݻ𣿡ТҲ¿ӡ
Ľƾͷ
Т룬ֿ˿ЦЦһſڵãͬ⡣
Ľƾϲ
Тٲи
ĽƾͷʲôֻҪǾԲġ
ܼ򵥡Т˵ǲϳֶԸĽݻҪȵһʱ˵
ҪȶãĽݺ꿪ʵ
ТصĻشҪȶڻܸ㣬ֻܸ㣬̫õġ֪ҪȶòܵȵСκлȻ׽ⶾҲõлΪ֪ͨ
Ц䣺ֻҪܴӦҿЩİһԸĽݻĽݻȻҳֶʦʦȻҪŵıġʦʦϵĶһ⣬̾ͷϢʦʦʦʦȫϵĽúøĽݻһɫ
Ľݺ£˿Ľƾͬˣá

ߴЭ飬ЦТ˱Ľݺ
ΪӦЦТ˵ĽݺҲװŪÿǲԺʹӰԺŪúˡ
ĽݺľٶȴĽݻɻ󲻰ˡ

谵Ľݻһɨȥʯϵж
ǸСôͻȻֹͣˣѲѾôˣȥٸҲϸЩ
Ӧȥ
񹦣СôҲ񹦡ĽݻɫŤߺޣһôѪôʱŴӹĹҵؼǲκ˲ȴƫƫϸһݺ
Ľݻһ֣ǰʯ㻯˷δ


ϣĽݺꡢĽƾЦТĸһԷ
Тһ߳ŷһĽƾȻеĳϴ󲿷ֵֶֺ֧ҪֶԸĽݻΪʲôЩæأ
ĽƾҡͷЩ˵ֺ֧꣬ʵ϶Լ˽ġҪú곹װĽݻϼλãҲǲġ˼һЩƺϼλãҲϣźͷĽݻ¼λӡϾֻмλӿճˣǲȥĻᡣҳӦѾ˱ĽݻˣŻΪϴκĶ˵Ů˵˵껹̫ʱΣʺϵĽݼҵļӣ㻹ǵǸĽݻ̽Ӱɣ
Тͷ
Ľƾ̾Ҹ׳׷Ǹ̽ӣȻ׷еһϿһֱڿ˵ֻкʸĽҼġͶĽݻԼ˽Ӻ꣬ĺ
ТͬؿĽݺ꣺֣㻹ǲװ
ĽݺһТͼЮ˸ЦТӭȥ;أĽ֣ô֪ϲˡ
ԼЮЦĲ˽ТĶӣĽݺǸư
Ϊ˷ֹТĽݺٴڷΪһԲ϶һһôûԣĽƾ̿ڴӣǵʲôʱֶܳԸĽݻ
Тشˣٵȼͺá
Ľݺ俪ڣϴҲô˵ġ
Т´һô˵
һ仰ѱѪĽݺڱТһ仰øλˡ
ĽݺվӣǱһɡ
ТƵЮһӲͽ书ôô䣬䡣
Ľݺ꣺ö
ТҡҡͷʹĹôǿô䣬ӮҲʤ֮䣬ıʲô˼
ĽݺڱТѪˡ
ĽƾĬĬͷԷ갡꣬ӦЩ㼸仰ѪĿ˵˰ɡ 


ֹ˼졣
죬ҹʱ֣ЦͻȻۣ춯
Ц·ųȥ
ЦֻԶмŵƣ˹ȥ
ֻĽݺɫѵվﻹŸˡ
ʱТĽƾҲųˡ
꣬ôˣĽƾһ߹һߴš
Сܵҷ͵ҷˡĽݺŵˣССǲġ
ʱǸĽݺСһ̧ͷЦТ̷󺰣㣬ҡ
ЦТһȥŷ֣һɫҹµġСȻǳΪ
ĽݺΪЦ㡯ٵЦǰСʶ𣿡
Цͷ
ĽݺѳΪ˵ء
ΪһЦ˹ȥ㣬ҵˡ
Тʱ嵽Цǰס˳Ϊһˡ
СҼСӸʲôТųΪ˳ȥ
ΪվЦТҪ㣬Ҫ㡣
˭ЦТͬʵ
áΪص˵̵õֶŮý㣬мҪ㡣Űҹ˯һԺ̽ġ
ңʲôʱôˣТɵؿųΪ
Ϊɥҳ˶ҩˣ˵ҵŸҩ
ТͬؿΪˣҸСȥðɡɵӣ˭ôɵ쵽˼ҼҲ֪׸ݣлΪϳˣ±˰ɡʲôҩ㲻лΪƸԵǶҲһ
ТȫѾԼЦҲһ쵽˼ҼҲ֪׸ݡ
ТתĽݺ֣ҺСӸСܵȥѣ֮ǰġ
ĽƾСؿʵǸѵǸͷﻨã
Тͷ
Ľƾ΢΢һ
ЦТ͵ЦлΪƵǺܴġ

ЦТɳΪлΪƵס
лΪƻáĴ磬ˣһŤӭ˳ЦТ˵ȥ
лΪ˵꣬һѳסΪ۵СϺݺݵһѣСʯͷֻûҾͺء
ЦТ˳Сľ飬Ʋ˿ĳСлΪ˽ݡ
һݣ㿴ɫ԰װڴϵСκлȻ





 213 

ЦТ̿첽ǰ嵽˴ߡ
ʦʦôˣЦСκлȻӣˡ
СЦЦɵӣˣûµˡ
Т̽̽Сε̽̽лȻüǶˣҪúõС
Ц̿ڶСεʦʦúҸТǡ
Тͷʦʦ̫ðľܶදʱĽݼЩʱڹûָҺСǺáТһ˵ţһߵһߣֽʿʼдӡ
СζЦЦû뵽ҾȻ﷭ĽݻĵڻҪҵĹͽ
ЦС£ʵʦʦô£ʦȥɽˮôĽݻĶ֣
СοڵҸʦɽˮһʱٻȥƫƫǷĽݻ֯һһһĹҸʦĽݻڸʲôıжг̣ڰǡ
ǸĹھʱĽݻ͵ˡڹĹҵ˷ḻѳƷΪֵǮ˶ϲĽݻϿҲܸ˵ӣ˴ȴǼˡҹʱһȥǸĹѹĹϸϸһ飬ʲôʲôҲûҵһʧӣйƵİѱĹڵĵͼ˺÷顣
Ľݻı֣˵ʲôܱӵĶǾԲʲôƽĶƺⶫҵüΪУֻһ죬óһŵͼȥ˱ȥھһĹҸʦһʱ棬ĸĽݻҵľʲôĽݻȥھĹ˺һˡ
Ĺڼɽ֮У·;ΪңԶѰҹĹٿֲ֪Ҫȥʱ䣬ҸʦʱĽݻʲôص뿪ǰŸʦ棬һʱ䲻ڽߣտһŸǼ
˺ɽ˶Ǽо֣ƾŵͼ̽˼ȷ˹ĹڣʼھĹ̼Ϊ֮ãҺʦһߵȴһɽɼҩģҲࡣ
ȵǸĹھǰҹĽݻҲϵˡǸĹھ֮Щ˶ΪʧΪĹһЩõı֮⣬ʲôֵǮĶҲûСĽݻȴʧҲûУ෴һܸ˵ӡ
Ĺ򿪺Ľݻ棬Լһ˽˹Ĺ֮СʱǱȴڲסĸˡĽݻĳǸ¶ɲһ׵¡
ҸʦӺ棬Ľݻʲô˵ĶС˵ͣͣżĽݻ뿪ʱҸʦ͸ҸʦʼδǣֻôһʱûĽݻ书ȻǿࡣҸʦڸʱȻˡ
ȻóԾȻĽݻˣҲʹ󷽷˳ȥĽݻҸʦȻЩ⣬ȴȻû¶˵ӡҺʦ˵ڹĹʱҵһؼҺʦһоⱾؼ
ȻĽݻҪҸʦЩԳ书ǿֶǱνľؼҪӦ롣С˵̾һҲ̫⣬ΪĽݻô˵ҲҵףôҲڻҪҵ
Сֳ̾һŽ˵ȥҿҸʦٶĽݻЩģɸ봫Ϊƣ֪ͨͬʱýӦǵ׼ӳ
ĽݻһԺǱؼҸʦˡǴһǣĽݻҵǱؼȻ񹦵ؼ
һдҩТ̲סʵʦ˵ΪǸ𣿾ǼǰʹǸ󵽲˵񹦣
СκлȻһͷͬʱûΪǸ
ТһֱΪǸֻһִ˵ѣѵǱ񹦵ؼĲɣ
лȻڴǱؼص书ǲԵĲͬ죬ҪɵĻ϶ǴˣҹӦþ񹦡
Ц룬СκȻʵȻؼĽݻΪ˿϶ĶռģôʦʦǸһоأ
СЦҸʦһоǱؼԭ򡣵һʱҪɱҸʦ˲˵Ȼôоˡڶ֪ʲôԵʣǱؼо׵ô¡ǿǱؼ²ӹĹҳ漣ķ±Ϊˣһ͵͵ֽŸĶؼˡ
ТʵΪʲôǱؼѵǱؼص书𣿡
лȻҡͷǱؼص书ȻĽݻȴԲɵġ
ТʣΪʲôǱؼ书
лȻʼʱҲ֣ĽݻĹ޷ɣֻҪԼŶ϶ǼΪ򵥵飬ƫƫŶ벻ˡ˺ܳʱҲûͨмĵǳʲô⣬ֱҸĽݻ֪мĹؼ
ЦТͬʵʲôؼ
лȻҴĽݻ༫Ϊ֣е澭֮ƣʲôаŵĹ򡣡
ТͻȻ뵽ǸΪеõ˰ߵаŵڹķֱ޻ĹŶκһᡣ
ЦҲͬʱ뵽һ㡣
˻һۣͬʱڵǼŲҰԭĽݻҲзݵġ
Тκһɺϵõ˰ڹķȻŵ¸лȻС˵ˡ
лȻ֮󣬿ڵǼŲҰʱҸʦﻹɽû˵ǺΪƾ֮˵ġ֪ô顣
СνӿڵѹĽݻ书ͻȻ֮ǰѾõڹǰ벿벿õһڹķϰ֮书Ȼǻǿġ
ТлȻʵʦѵĽݻΪаŵڹͲˣ
лȻͷǼΪմ书ĽݻаŵĹ֮ѾȫʺˡҪ񹦱ֻܰԼһĹȫɢȥͷʼ𡣡
ТĽݻԼɢûа취ϰ񹦣Ƿǳʧɣ
лȻҡͷҿӣͲ˵ĻΪΪֹƭġ
Сε๫˵񹦵ĵϣĽݻ͵ȼ²ݵѬ㣬ȡȻͲĽݻԼĸףĶԼ˶֣Сﻹ˵ܡ
ЦϽοСεʦ̫ѹˡˣűĽݻݺˣɽׯ˱ЩѰһѻûˡ
С׹һЩ˵ɵģˣǵúúʲɡ
ЦСεܶˣһҹȥ̫ˣǾۼһˡ
СεͷãʱʦҼϵǰֹ
Цͷ˶ȻҲǶġ

ʱТдҩùлȻĿ
лȻТдҩ֮󣬴ΪˣǲТʱҽ־˲١
ТлȻС˵ǰʱѧϰ¡
Сһ˵˸ĶԼħ̱ĶʮΪūΪ澵ԼʱЩ
ħ̱һĶ۵ҲˣôʮȫֵءٲȻʣ¸һģźһңҹҲðУˣҪȥ¶Լ
ЦТлȻһĿͻȻúоСΡ

ȻСκлȻĶѾˣЦТеĴʯҲͷˡ׼ȥ֪ͨĽݺԳֶԸĽݻˣҲ˳ȥҪҩСκлȻ塣
ЦТ˿ǵԼ·ʵӲߣҵáлΪ۸ĳΪ
ТЦеؽΪ֣ΪܵܣҪȥղҵǵĵطȥòá
Ϊ֮ǰЦТԼСħ֮ж˵Ĳ֣Ϊᶨҡҡͷɡ
ТթЦΪܵܣǲҪȳԶҩſϸأ
ô вΪԥˡ
Тв֮ټգΪܵܣҪǹԹԵģҾҼСӽ㼸ŵĹӰ˿Խġ
ʹȥΪ˵նˣ̵ͷӦ

ڳΪĴ£ЦТ˳ǰصĽݺסԺӣĽݺĽƾ˿ԳֶԸĽݻǰæЩҩĵáȥ
ĽݺĽƾҩûκε飬Ҫ͵áȥȴȫ¶֮ɫ
ЦТ˲Ųǵĸأֽ±㵽áԺңɹĽݺĽƾɫøӾ壬ųΪȥˡ
ȳΪֻصáסĵط׼ȥʱТס
ΪܵܡТǣǾշֵ߳ΪǰΪ޻ɽׯͷϵ׮ŲҰħ̵ģǷĽݻӦҲзݲġԡ¸Ľݻٶеϵģ㲻þѾûʲôüֵˣɱڵҲһ
ТĻΪͷ磬ʵҸͻɵĽݻͷˣǣһΰҹȥϤεʱĽݻĸĽݾڸ̸
ǱĽݼΪ˽ѶѼϢҪĽݻǲǵɱˣЦʵ
ΪͷȻҵǸˣҸҸҲûжãؾǵĵԵĻҸҸ硭ǻд籨ġ
ТĳΪС򣺡ӦõġȻȷʵǸˣҲȷʵãҪˣҲһᡣʱȴŴѪǽϵӡ
ТĳΪԴΪܵܣȥ磬ҪҪǺҪԸĻǴҾһ󡣡
Ϊͷ׵ɫ뿪ˡ

ȵΪ뿪áһŤŤЦТǰС־һӣ˼ҪȥЩ֬ˮۣҪúڼչλ˼ҡ
Т˿һܿáֱİ ۣʦסǿջǵȥ
áһŤѽ֮ǰѾ˼˵ˣ˵ᡭ־һӣТļٷһǰ ҵТ˹ȥ 
Т޿̣һӣСӡ
ЦɿֵлΪƵѨȻТһһץסͷ½ϵĶԺӵĴˮ


ڶһ磬лΪƱĲõĴһ£ͷɫ黨ͿøǽһףһŤĳȥˡ
սľԺһϵĴ׳ŷɿĳԺӣһҩ£ҲĪٶȷҲƵӳԺӡ
ТЦô׳ҩĸСκлȻҩԼݣСκлȻĻѪȥˡ
˲æһ룬һɫӰȻԺ֮УȻֱ
ðɡһһлֱ嵽߲ͣ½š
ûˡлȻ˵Ҹµˡһ˵ţлȻһ߻˻֤ûʲô󰭡
л˿
ЦżõҩһµлΣ̲סʵʦ㣬ôɫ·Ĵɫ·ˡҪ֪лһֱΪɫǺı־춼Ǵźɫ·ġ
лοشЦЦЦ첻Ҵ·ŵĿ϶ֻһ
ЦˣΪʲô
лεˣΪлΪƴ˺·
̶ˡ
ТлΪ뿪ʱºмѩ׵ľ˴磬̲סֶһ¡
л˵ǲ֪лΪƽڽϵڵϷڶӣŵýе˶ܹˣ˵ʮϲΡΡŵˡʱ龰лλ¡
ΪЩ䵽лΪϵĿһͬᡣ
л̾ʮ֮ڶŮ˸Ҵźɫ·ˡ
һͷʮֻ֮ҪµŮ˾ͻһӵʮ֮ˡ

ʱ䵽Ժ
̶
Ȼţ𣿡
ǳˣТ̴ʮֵľ׼ӭС





 214 


ТʾлչСκлȻЦ˴ţߵԺ
ڿЦԵʮָˣЦһ֣þòˡ
ЦԳڹֻҲ磬þòˡ
ТĵĿڵСӣȷʵǺþûˣǺʮǰżġ
ʲôʱ£ô֪
ТЦˣǴγ㱻һȺƯĹΧţȻ󣬻Ҳ˵һΡ
ʲʲôɫˡΪΪԼҸ֪ʧȥ˸ЦĻʧûЦТȥֱڣڲ֪ԼáϷ̶ЦТ˿
ڷɫТжʱΪˣο״Գڵ֣㲻Ҫ£ȻǡáסԺӣáҪŻģ㳤˵˵ףܸڡá֮ǰʱ뿪ġ
ʲʲô⡭⡭ǻסססԺԺӡТĻɫˢףˡôҪ£Ϊôûء
ƵĿЦֻЦܸһжֻТŻѡ
Цųڵ˵ͷģáסġ磬лǸϽ˵ɣážͿҪˡ˲ģҪ䵽лΪƵǾ̫ˡ
ܵ˾޴ľţҴҶЦТ˵λΪ˵ǵ˼ҺԸǺĽݻ֪㵽ʲôطȥˣҸҿ϶һĽҡ
˵ͻȻԺű򿪵һͷͻȻһĨɫ½ǣͷһһ䣺ȥʱٸϸ˵
ţڱһԾԺǽ
ТųԶȥӰ̾صֵṦг
ƿԺ̽һʮһСѾͷԴҼҷ˸˼··ġ
Сһ˵ţһһһĴĵĳȹղųƳһĨɫ·
Тáȥˣû·Ҵ˺ˡ
СﻳɵؿТûа·ȥҼҷ˽ˣҪְ·͵С
Ц״ǰһССãģ·һᴫáġ
СתͷЦһ֮£ͻȻˣҲͻȻСøһˣǡǷҪֽòеġ
Ц΢΢һЦСãǸһġ
ЦһЦ֮£СˣͷߵТǰ·
Цӹ·С̧ͷúСŵҼҷ˵뻨øװ硣
Ц΢Цŵͷãһá˵ġ
СЦ˸˵˾䡰лӡֻСƵܵˡ
СܿˣТ̲ضЦԹСӣ㲻ҪЩСЦòãˣŴЦһЦǵĻ궼ˡղҾվǸСԱߣȴƫƫҪԶҪ·ϡ
Т˵ţͻȻ˿ڣ֣ɲܹСӣʵûһĹϵ
Тһ̧ͷһЦſԺǽϡ
֣ôҲˣȻˡТΪĽĬ
ǽû취Ǹ̫У֮¾ȻҸǸȥĽݻɵһˡ
֣ôҵģТʵ
شҵû뵽ҲұǴ㰴Ÿͻŵĵͼȥģû뵽ȴڸղԶԶһŵĴԺɱȥûΪԺʲôµĶ̽һ̽˭֪ȴҵֺ
´ԺӣˣԺʲôµĶʲôµģ
ТһתһԺôʲôµĶ
ǾôһֵĴԺӳȥҿղʹṦԶƽʱҪ죬쵽ҼҪΪˡ
Т͵ЦõΪڸ
ųߵԺӵĽ䣬ó񸽶֣ܸղŶҼСӱţҼСľܾˣһеĳԺȥˡ
°ͣǲصǱܳǾ״Ŷԡ
ТϽ֣Ҳ̫ʹˣԶߣȴĶ䣬ʵ̫Ӧˡ
ۿТ֣ôŵıζ
ôᣬ֣ʵ̫ˡТָԺӵ㿴Ժӣڿ־úµĶ𣿡
ɨһʵҲ˺µĶʱɻˡѵܳĵʱϳֵĻǿ־ı飡

Т͵ۿų񣬼еԼĻˣ㿪ʼҳֻϹġ
ТľٶЦϾĻۣ͵Ц£ٿɫ̲סֶ͵Ц˼¡
ТŲߣ֪һʲôԼıڽУȴʵ벻ʲôı֮£ҲɫҲ뿪뿴Тڸʲô

ТʵʮŵĽʱԺһαƿˣһɫӰһŤ˽
˼һˣ˼Ҳڵʱûк˼ҡһ
Ļͷһ
ͷĳ̺ˣһ޲Բ˫ĿԼϹڵ
ʵֹ񣬾ͶлΪһĵֿЦТҲٶȱлΪƵľ˴סˡ
뿪ʱлΪƻֻºмѩ׼ӵ۶ѡڵлΪơ
ͷɫλڣּӲ˼ڴĺɫĵͷȫͷκͺ컨סˣԴֺ̣Բܴ
ϴԼΪ֬˵ԵʣֻͿһİ׷۶ѣȻܰ׺ܺȥˣǷǳ񵡣ڻлΪƣһİ׷֮⣬ͿָϸԲüѪɫ촽Ƭѩ׵ҲӡѪɫ֬ǰεġ
лΪƾȻָС־վŤŤȥڹĵġЦ
Ц Т˲ű˫ۡ

ѽпˡáһԼѶȵһСһŤܾȵĳȥ
ʹıսۡ
ĹȻǻẦèġԭТСԼΪԼŮˣ⻵Сӵ̫ˣѹҪһ̵ˡ

ʹּǿۡ
СǲԸ㿴Ķӵģҿɲô۸
ǿšáһ΢Цı飺λ֪γƺ
Ѿ˳ǰġáŤҧ־ˡӡŤ˼Ťųٵգ۾˼ۡȻִǵ˼ҡ˼ҽлһ˵ţһŬŤ˼£ȫµķⶶֶ
֣һм£ȸˡڳܲס׼ˡ
áۼֿһס֣ô˼ҲҪˡһ
Ȼһ£ĬĬ˻ں޵ˮλ̽ŵһ̾͸뿪ġ
Ȼó𾪸ӻں޵鷢ˣáа֣˳š
ýʵáһӣ벻žȻôʵ
ɫҰףȫС
áץסʱ˳ĴϣҲýʵ
ƨɣƨɺе԰áһӡ
һҽУáĶӡ
Тֵ̾ṦҲг
ЦĿŴܴ̼嶼ܵ޴ĳԶȥƤ񣬵ǶлΪƻǸͲ
ТߵЦߣ̾ϢǳֵܵΪʲôҪأȥҸʶ·ҪлΪƴǹȥϻҪģôʲôء
ЦøͬĿĿų


 215 

ʱ֣סŵ
ںͳһߣŲ豭ĿͣһһƴȲ衣
ڿȥų磬Ѿˮˣٺ˰ɣ
̧ͷϵıѵõаһǸֱ£úЩˮ׳
áֵĳҲһ£ùӣҲһȲȥ
áֵѵܣߣһһĺ
ʱߵĴӱƿΪɵ˽
ҲˡΪȸкתͷʵ磬Ƕ̸𣿡
Լǽϵ̸ ҡͷΪôǸԺǻסģᵽá֣ڵɫ̲סְһס
磬治ܹҡΪΪίص˭ȲҪȥ㣬һ˵һ룬Ҫ㽻ҲסǸԺСЩѾܵòӰˡ
Ҫǰᡮáˣʹס˶䡣
ΪɻĿ˿Ȼͷת˳ڡ
ڳʹųΪ˵ͷһҲû´ϻˣռ˱ˡ
Ϊ̺ܲûֵܰЦ
㡭ȻָֻųΪָ̫ûֵˡ
ǰɱءΪܲΪȻصûֵء
òָָųΪ㻹ܻأΪҪвϧһбűľ򡣿ΪʱⲻοұңЦҡΪԲһеӺɷеġ
Ϊ֤ԼǸеӺɷ򣬳Ϊѵڳıģ磬ÿҰο㡣
ߺ޵ĴＷ֣û⡭

ڿȥ죬εص֪ʲôʱܵ
ԼҸڴı飬ΪԾվȥǴԼԺ棬ȵòڵʱ̳ԺӰǴ߾ˡΪ߻ȫĽ˼ƻ
еĲ豭ô鷳ɣԼˡôŵܻȥأҲδ̫ТǸСˡߣТǸСӾȻݺһҪҸᱨ
Ϊ뿪˵ЦТ񲻴зУûеͼټĽֻ·ķݣȴڿڵ˹ˡ
д΢춯Ȼߵ£֣𣿡
ТǸСӵ˲豭ʼﻮΪ
·׼ȥš
ΪСȴһסЦТҪû˴·ǾԲ˳ҵڵġƫƫҵˣǾֻ˴ˡǸԺ֪סʲôطֻһ
ΪŶӣųںͳҶͻȻʹȥé
Ϊ˵꣬ںͳش𣬱ƿ˳ȥ
ɻؿŴӣˣ⺢ӸոջúõģôͻȻͶʹˣ
Ͼʹţ˳Ļ
վŵĳЦТ⣬һá
ŵĳܵ˾޴ľţȥ
Ѿվ׼ˡ
Ц׼ߵͼһ߳һӣס˳·ߡ
ۼܲɣ̸һӵ䣬ӵǰĿ߽ӣֹŵġá
áͳһֵĿԼŤЦˣѽ࣬Ķ˼ҿ˼֪ԼǺֱĿ˼ң˼һẦߵ־סϿİ ۣһƴգ۸ˡۡ
ʹıۣ֣̸µĶԲԡλҲġòǷĵģΪ˴룬λȻرһ°ɡ
áһһ壬һŤߵںͳǰɫϲɫ ԵĿ˼ңȴҪﵽ˼ҵòȥƽ˼Ҳ
񾪿ֵİǰ˾٣㡭㲻ٹˣٹҾҪ㲻ˡ
áֵ̾һз⣺㣬Ȼ׼һŮӶ䣡㣬塭˼һͦϲġ
æˣǧǧϲң˲̧

ۼͳڱáų⸱ӣֻҪáڳ˱ûкú˵ĿܣΪ˴룬ТҲֻÿڵáȻȥɡ
áգ۾˼ҲҪû˼Ҵ·ôȥ
̿ڣͣͣȥ
áȻһԸӣǵ˵ͷðɡҾȻȥˡ
ںͳһ
ȴϡáȴ˻˻ӣ֮ǰһһСҪ
ںͳͻȻеȫվסšŵ䵽˵ϡ
жˣǳںͳĵһͷ
̿ʼ˹ⶾںͳ˱Ͼħ̣ԶĵֿԶһǿҲֻǶ̶̵һ˲˱ָ
Ǿ̶һ˲䣬áѾЦ˵˵ţ˵ĴȣȻ˻ָ֮ǰһ̵ˡ

ĳںͳɫҰףΡΡվ
֣λõʲôˣ񿪿ЦТʵö⻨þԲͨˡ
Тڴ⡮áŵˡ룬ټһ䣬лΪƱ˸Īеְλŵ󻤷רŸǵͷϵ˽бǸΪ˷ֹͷŻŻǺбҪġ
ǺǡǺǡЦŹȻ˲ı̫ˣȥϾҪżһŹ桪ΣԲš

ۼˣһֱĳΪִӴ
Ϊ֮ǰ޳ΪΪںͳݺݵһ١


񡢳ڡΪЦТһߡ
ТڶԳڵ֣֮ǰ˵϶ĽݻһĽң
ڵͷ֮Ըҿ϶ĽݻһĽΪҷ
һ˵ţһϸһС鲼óһֻСƿһС鲼ϵЩƿĶ
ҰͷȥֵĶһЩɫ췢ڵﻹаĲ֫
ڿڵһƽ峵ĳϹġ
Тóһȥ˲ЩСζϸ˿ǰز֫
ТջͷѾȫڵ룬ڵﺬо綾ǰҲǾ綾Ʒ֡
ڵͷ˵ûһö߶ѪרĶ
ЦЩ˵ö߶ѪĶŲŲӣʿˮʵЩʲôģ
ڴֵĶܶࡣкֺܶĶݶֻо綾ġ
һ˵ţһóƿ˫ӣаή˵Ҷӳ֣ǲѪ˵Ҷӡ
Тӹӣϸ
һ߲ƬҶǵģҵʱ򻹺ʣҶӵ֭ҺͺѪһѪζС
ТҶӣ΢΢˵ͷҪĻƬҶӾһѪ˵ҶˡĽݵռ˶ϺĶݰ
ڿڵ´ѪҶＷ֭Һ˼ѪϳѪһҪʵ֭ҺãֻҪһĹҶӵ֭Һͻɺת̣κáѪȻǼĶȴǼʵõġοĽݻֲкܶັĶݣĽݼҸľʮϣû͸ӶˣҪ뺦˵ĻȻиõѡ񡣿ĽݻȴƫƫҪֲѪˣҾƲ⣬ֵĻֻһ꣬ǲϧ˺ܴһƬ
Тʵ֣ôƲĽݻ˴ƬѪ˵ģ
ָָǰƬҶӣѪжϣ溱һ׵ģϣ溱ĶȴӲһѹˡҪѪֻǺٵһ꣬Բܻڿóִĵط϶ǱıģӦûרСĿţƽ峵ҲԲҲôȥôĶֻеѪ˲Ǻٵһ꣬Ǻܶܶʱ򣬲п˾þѹһҲν
ТҶӵͷ֣˵ȻǴƬֲȻΪҪѪáѪ˵Զԣ˲ʵãôĽݻֲѪ˵Ŀı㲻Ϊ˺ˡ
ڵ˵ͷ֣ĽݻֲѪ˵ĿļȻΪ˺ˣôѪ˶ôˡȻ벻ĽݻҪѪкãѪ˵ԣҪã㲻ܴѪ̫Զ
Тյͷ˵ûĽݻҪѪ˺أ
Т˰죬ǲҪ죬ǵȻȥ˸лȻˡ
ТԳ񡢳ںͳΪ˵ĽݼҵĽݺҲһҪԸĽݻȥ¸˵һ£ûʲô
񡢳ںͳΪ˶Դûκ飬˱һĽݺסԺӶȥ

䵽ĽݺסԺʱĽݺڸĽƾʹ׳飬˱ӭ˳ȥ
Тһһ񡢳ںͳΪܸĽݺǣλǳŵǳڣŵĸСǳΪСȴŵܻ
ٽĽݺĽƾ׳˽ֵܸܡ
߿׵һ֮ͨ󣬳۱Ľݺ꿴û꣬ȴϵ£ٴµϣŴִҵ
Ľݺ걻ûڣֻÿڵ֣ҿΪʲô
һ߲ɨĽݺزһ߸°͵ֻ֪㵽лŮǸóƺ㺮ػǸóƺ㺮֣
Ľݺݺݵؿ˶һ͵ЦТһۣȻһ
Ľݺ걾˵Ȼһеġȴ˵һʱ򱻳ϡ
һᡮһû뵽ϬȻūŮˡãһŮҿжȴ˿ûаء
һ˵ţһָɰգ۾
ںͳΪ˺λǺõĲѧרѧģȻôµġáҪѧ
ĽݺֱҪĽƾʹ׳һһҪȥƴˡ
ȴ֪ؼ˵ţãôԵô˵˼Ů˵ĺûӴһ˵ţһ߻Ť˼ʾԼĲ
˶ʱȫëֱƤء
ڰʹԴʹرۣ磬ˣҾͲǸˡ
óվûлΪôĵն׼ҲûҪϾɱ˼ۼѾܴ̼ҲþգЦֻǿЦѣҲҪⰡ
Ź֣һñӵ
ЦĨȥͷϵ亹ˣԵĴˡΪƤ񣬵ǶлΪȴѷһֻǻǷȱѣֻҪټʱգƤĺȾ;ԲлΪ֮ˡʱٸлΪƶϣ֪˭ʤ˭ء

һ£ڸĽݺ˵һѪ˵¡
Тȳڰǰ֮󣬱Ľݺͳ֣ƾ֣ҪģҳǿѪ˵ĵط
Ľݺ˵ͷųڵ֪ʲôͷ
ڿڵҪ˼ʮ辰Ժƫƫʹõƽ峵ˣǱҲһҪʹ辰Ժûжƽ峵ʹáҸרЩܼ˵£ʱһ峵áЩҴƽ峵ĳϹġ
ڵ˼ˣĽݺ˵ͷŴ׳׳Ҽŵùֻ˰ȥһ飬ܼǴƽ峵
׳Ӧһת˳ȥ
ĽƾųֵԼЦТ˵λģܼǴİ峵϶ǲѲģһʱ֮Ҳ֪ˡǲǰ峵֮󣬱ȻûٵʱܲóǿֲѪ˵ĵطҲλõ˲࣬ε˸ǲࡣЩǺεˣĽݻ֪ġų˺֮⣬ЩҲӦñĽݻɳ˼ţɳеһȥĽݻ̱֪ʲôԡϣɳһЭǡ
ТĽƾ˵˵ͷʼͷΪܵҪСˣҪҪĽݻҪѪ˸ʲôСҪһ룬Ƕæ߲֣ʣµֻˣȥˡ
ε̯̯֣ðɡ
ۼӦˬ죬Тɻؿų֣ôӦôˬ죬òʲôı˰ɣ
ΪԼ֣㲻ҪôɺòáҼȻӦҪúõ飬ҳҵˣ͵Ŭ£ȻϵĽݼңûȫ˼һ֪Ҫôʰء
ǰҲҪЦ̿ʵ
ͷñȽԶŵٹʮŻᵽɡ
Т΢ЦŶԳ֣ȻҪȫôƾ˵ͷԣҳֲѪ˵ĵطһǲѵġˣȸʱˡ
˫ֻأТصʱδҲ̫Щɡ
Тĳļĳصֻ֣ҪһҪҽ˼õ֮һҵֲѪ˵ĵطġĳļ򣬡֣ҿ㡭͡Ҫ֮㻹ҲֲѪ˵ĵطҾֻܻûоȫˣʱһҵ뷨ǰ˵ġ
񣺡֣в𣿡
Тͷ
ҧ֪ͲǸҲҪ˵ˡ

Ȼ˵ˣҲˣұ׼ɢˡ
֮ǰЦͻȻ£ŤͷĽݺ֣һҪ㡣
ЦԼ˵ĽݺǸˣ̱˵
ЦҰǽƭ˵һΣҼǵ˵̽˵񹦡ǲǣ
Ľݺͷ⡮񹦡Ǵ˵һּΪĹҼȻҪƭˣȻҪ˶֪Ĺ˵ˡ
Тǰһϲ㣬֣ˡ
Ľݺʱеͷԣʲôţ
Т΢ЦŵǸյõ˸ΪɿϢĽݻҵ񹦡ؼˡ
˽Ծ
رȻҵˣа˼̴ˣҪҰĽݻС񹦡ؼ͸¶ȥһһϷɿˡ
Т̰һۣʱΪ˴룬ȰĻ˼һš
ðɡε̯̯֡
ТתͷŻеĽݺˡҪ֪ĽݻǸùȻõˡ񹦡ȴû취룬ݵˡ񹦡жȵĻźú㻹Ƕ䱸ɡ


ЦТɳΪ·صˡáסԺӡ
Ժ ԶأΪͶĶˡ
ЦТһԺӣͿԺһݵлΡ
Цǰеصʦ㣬ôˣ
лγ̾һҵû£ؼ
ʦôˣЦһѵʦĶûнɾֶˣЦתﴳ
лθϽһסָָĿڵû£ѹȻûʲôŮ֮飬ԼĵȻҪɱʹġ
Цĵ˵ͷ
ɲСТüڵʦҪѹ˿ǴĲ
лһվȥȰȰȥ
ȥЦһӣֻҪʦ˵һ仰ʦ̾ͻᾫġ
ôлΰŰɡ
Цһظʦ㣬㾡ܿźˡ
˵꣬ЦĵŽȥˡ
лκТܺĸ˽ȥ
ԺæżҩлΪҲƿ˴ӣͷ뿴Цôһ仰С̱þ

ЦߵߣŰڴ޾ʵСεʦĶӸ˵ʮ֮ͻϵĽ
ʲôСһ֮£ԲǸŮ˾ȻҪʱط
Цͷǧȷ
С̽ˣˡ⸱ҪǱŮ˿ˣ֪ҪôЦûֵˣ϶ڹʱбġСҪϽáǸŮﵽҵͷȥ
СͷһŤлΪƵΪƣҩûУҪǼ˾͸ϽҺȡֻͷЦлεЦЦС¾˹ˣҲҪǸŮ˵֮ǰָһĹ
˿ͻȻʹѻúож־СΣһпŮ˼ȻǺǿǿġ





 216 


ТлȻѪ˵£лȻ°˰죬ͻȻ˫һ
ˣĽݻȫžеаѪ˶ȷʵõġֻҪʵټҩﻤסѪѪǿϰаġĽݻ˵°빦֮Ч
лȻ˵꣬̾˿ĽݻδҲ̫ˣȻʹյĶӿٶȡϲʲôҪһһĺòãοаŹͶȡɣһ㲻þͻ߻ħġ
ʦ˵ĽݻĵʲôаТͷ˼õˡ񹦡ô书ؼǼֲɢȥ
ɵͽܡлȻҡͷԼ书ѧ߰㣬Ȼǲһϰ֮˵ζʲôĽݻ˵ԼһΪɢȥҪûʲôͬοԸҲûõģѾˣЩʮСͷѾûĻˡ
УȻҲ֪ĽݻʲôаĽݻ۵ģ϶ҲʲôͨĻɫǵøϽ취ֹȥȻһ˾鷳ˡлȻһӡ
ʦģһġТеظʦֻ˾ͺá

ڶЦТ뿪һˣĽݻڽѪаϢ˳ΪϢתˡ
齻꣬պóΪǵļ׵ͼֻȥˡ
Ц׼Тֱ䵽ԺģȴΪԺ㾯䵽Ժǽ֮ϡ
ЦТ˶Ժǽһȴ˱áŵɪɪԺǽϵФɽ
㡭㲻ҪٹˡҰФɽ˫ֻ½󣬡Ҫ߹ǸŮҲմġ
áҧ־ŤŤ˼ֻŽ᲻ʵûʲô⣬ô˼Ҹʲô
ЦТˡ⻹ܽûʲô⣡
ФɽؿڣҺģһ㶼ʵһ㶼
á־Уҿǿ׳ģ
áһ˵ţһФɽȥ
Фɽƴ㣺ҾҪˡ
áţ
ФɽᣬֻüͷţҪˣҪˡһ˵ţһƳȭҪѡáߡ
˭֪áȫΪ֪ФɽĶŮ˶֣ⲻ㲻ӣץסФɽؿϺݺݵһѡ
Фɽŵջֻǰ

ЦǽͷФɽʦ֡ 
ФɽЦ̧ͷһЦТ̿ȣСʦܣСʦãǿҰ
Тָָáʦ֣
Фɽ˫ֻأͷһҵصҲŮ˵ġСʦܣҡ
ʦ֣ǰŮˡТָšáлΪư
лΪƣФɽȻͷۿ򡮻á׹
ˣҸüҩȥˡлΪۼŤͷӡ
ӡФɽһѾסлΪƵ졣
ѽСɽɽҪ˼ôлΪƻͷФɽգ۾˼Һþûˣأû˼ء
ͷФɽİлΪӽԺӵĴˮ
ӵúãТվǽͷΪФɽơ

ڶ죬ФЦҲˡ
ФЦԺӵʱԺֻд羪лΪһȫŷȿ֡
ФЦһֻ̧ۣһӰһŤ߹
үúΣ˼ҿ˺ϲлΪҧ־ߡ״
ФЦ벻ɫĿлΪơ
лΪһŤŤһ߶ФЦסۡүҪūź򡭡
ҪФЦ֣صĵͷ
үûūôźءлΪһ˵ţһФЦȥ
ȰǸˮҺȸɺˡФЦһץлΪƣԺӵĴˮ

׻ǵһʼûϳϷŪ˺þáФɽƿţһĳݡ
ФЦ뵧ӣΪصӣʶлΪƵӱãĵĴ࣬ϳҲǺġ

ФЦ뵽֮󣬿˿СκлȻƣ㿪ʼΪ˹ˡ
ЦТлκФɽĸԺлΪԺǼҩ
쵽ʱһӰԺӶȴûֱԺӣ䵽Ժǽ֮ϡ
̧ͷһԭǳ
лΪվһС־ųλ磬𣿡
һáɫһףνž׼
ЦТлκФɽͬʱлΪƿڵúüҩҶ
лΪίľ죬ֿʼŤŤǺûֻ۸˼һˡ˻ˡ˼Һÿÿġ
־һͬͼɱлΪơ
յ˲ƵĿ⣬лΪ˿ڿˮԹȥҩ
Фɽվк񣺡֣þòˡ
վǽͷһ£ȷáͻȻԼеϷ֮Сǽ˸롮áԶĵطվ
֣ʲô֣Тʵ
ͷѾ֪ѪʲôطˣϵＯϣһȥ̽һ̽
˵꣬Ҳ˻شµؿˡáһۣһ䣺ˡ
˵꣬ͷҲصıӶȥ


ϣӰĽݺסԺӡ
ԺͳѾˣڸĽݺĽƾ˵
һЦǵˣĽݺӭˣͿԳˡ
Ľݺ˵ͻȻסˡΪģֻΪˡá
ͳֵҲáˣŵ󲽡
áĴ磬ĽݺʶǰλĽҶ˲֪˲ġʥ֡
Ľݺʶĺһ
áһĽݺ˿ǰһ־һӣħһ̽ĿĽݺš
Ľݺۼֿ죬һץĴ׳ǰ
׳ҽţˡáħ֮С

ôѻҲˡòָָŬݲд׳ġáʵ
ңšáõġТһصӡ
Тô˵ټϱáĥĲԼҲ˵ʲôˡ
ĽݺЦТһФɽ㿪ʵ֪λǡ
ТָФɽܸĽݺ꣬ȴͻȻФɽĽݺԱľֵ£ͷһת̸Фɽ˸֣λǡСɽæġ
ФɽͱͱТʲôʱˣ
ТͷФɽңΪáҪĽݺ֪ǡϴФɽ̲סý㡣
ФɽӣԹԵı졣
Тתͷ˵ˣǴͳɡ֣· 

ڳĴ֮£ֲѪ˵ĵطȥˡ
ЦТФɽͰáлĸˣټϳֵܺĽݺܹ꣬߸ˡ
ҹ̽Ϊԣ߸ƺЩϾһ࣬һ·ϱ˷ֵĿԾͻ
ǣֻҪСáڣȫˡ
ֻҪáɫӰһѲҹСӱܵñè졣
ڡáĿ֮£ܿ㵽Ŀĵء





 217 

һ˵󲻴˵СֲСԺӡ濴ҲͨͨλƫƧһ㣬ЩרǾסԺӲûʲôͬ
ǶԺϵԺӿȥȴԺ൱ɭϡÿɣһ
ҴҹģԺﻹ൱֡ﻹŵƣʱڸ
ڸߴ¹ϸ˿ԺӣȴûзԺдƬѪˡ
֡ТųСѪ˾Ժ
ѹʲôطҲҼ˰װ˶涾ߵԺӣֳֿˡЩ涾߿϶ǶȥѪ˿϶Ҳ
ڸô죿ڿʵôȷѪ˵ʲôط 
Тڴ򵥣ɸ˻Ժ￴һˡ
ºѰɡĽݺüŽµԺӣԺôˣҪӲǲѣҪڲκ˵Ĳ鿴ͼˡ
Тڵ֣ⲻ㵣ģ¾ͽˡ
Тתͷšá㿴ĸʣ
áһմһҴԺӽé޶ȥ꣺
áˣЦФɽƵéһ˵Ժǽ⡣
ФɽǽȥǸлΪƵеһéޣԤõҩۡ
һһŵϵȥ
Фɽ֮ǰסһУһѰӳԺǽԼҲԺӡ
ЦסФɽӳˣϵԺԶЩФɽ߽
лΪۼЦФɽ˵֣Ҳ˴߽
ĽݺͳڡĪؿТ񿪿ʵ֣ڸʲô
ТϾͻ֪ˡ
ʱЦФɽ߳ԣֶص֮ϡ
ٹһСһ߳ԡ
ĽݺꡢͳڳԾ鷢ˡ߳ˣǡáǸФɽҩԵֱЦϽԵˡ
·ֱԺǽߣԺȻµԺһȥ
ǲҪǸʵǡáɡתͷТ
Т̯֣ȻΪ˭
ô̾ˡŹȻǸ˲ĵĵطŵ̲סҪˡ

лΪǵԺļ￴˿ÿΣõʱ䶼ֻ̣ܶһɨ˳ˡ
ǵ߽һ֮ȴû̳
ϵļ˲еЩ֡
ֹ˺ܾãлΪƻûг
ϵļ˴ֱ˵ġ
Цǵĵĵʦ֣лΪƲ˰ɣ᲻ǱʶˣǸץˣҪҪȥ
Фɽ룺ٵȵȡлΪƵݹһһģô׾ͻᱻʶơ˵ˣлΪҲǺ۸ģץסôףԺӷǵñַ첻ɣпܻô
ֻǼϵȡ
ֵ˺ܾãлΪƻûд
ФɽҲЩˣٵһҪлΪƻǲҾͽԺȥ
ֹһлΪƻǲӰӡ
Фɽվҿȥһ˵һ߾ȥ
ʦ֡ЦһѳסˣлΪˡ
ФɽתͷȥȻлΪƴǼ˳
Фɽɿ
лΪƳӣé޵ķȥ
װģĽéޣһֳûˣɿĳéޣǽԺӣ֮ǰǸСԱȥ
ЦФɽϽҲǸСԱ˹ȥ
һЦФɽ̧ǸԲѵ˷Ժǽվãѽҩŵţ˱Ժӡ
ϱ۾ԼǽϣԴ㯵¿˿Լʵûʲôʼ磬߿ˡ
ʱָˡáлΪ˳

ȵЦФɽлΪƻصϣТæĴȥлΪʵôȥôãʲôûУ
лΪư죬صص˼ҡ
ФɽȭͷлΪǰһΣú˵Ȼҵʰ㡣
лΪίؿФɽһۣðɣȥǼһص
صͬʵ
лΪƵͷһܳĵصһƬɭ˺ܴһƬѪˣбһЩݡ
һתȥĽݺꡣ
Ľݺ룺һǺߵƬɭ֡ɽͷĽҵġ
ТĽݻһֻܴƬɭֲԶĵط㲻þͶʲôµ
Ľݺ꿪ڵˡ
˵ͷʾͬ⡣

ʱĽݻ֮
ĽݻɫǼΪĺɫͷаɫ
һĹ֮ĽݻɫͻȻø죬ͷϵҲڵøˡ 
ĽݻɫԽԽ죬ͻȻһţһѪ
ĽݻۣĨĨߵѪ޺޵վҩ
һֱĽݾ̶ðҩ˽
Ľݻȹҩ룬ͷһںȸɡ
Ľݾһʵϣ
Ľݻҡҡͷǲһ㡣
Ľݻ£޺޵ֻһ㣬ֻǲôһ㣬ƫƫûа취
ĽݾϽϣ㻹ȲҪˡ
ĽݻҡҡͷҲϰһǹԵʡֻ񹦣Լǣܿʼ񹦡
ϣȻûôɣҲѾǲСˣСλţҲѾĶˡֺαطҪ񹦲ɡ
ĽݻȻҡͷ뵱µһҪһͳֻʤСûõġͷл£ֵķɣ䵱ţ಻֪ʲôطϲֻбǿܶ࣬ŲǷҡ
Ľݾ˿ĽݻɫԥڻǿڵϣлȻ˵ϲ񹦲Ϊ㣬Ϊ񹦵Եʡ
˵Ľݻŭһ֣ҩӵˤ÷顣лȻǼҵõ񹦣˵ǡҾͲţҽɣ񹦡
ĽݾĽݻŭӣҲ˵ʲô
Ľݻ룬Ľݾÿ׼Ѫˣٸ׼һͰѪ
Ľݾ˴ϣѵǾǸˡ
ĽݻͷǷȻգҪҲֻðһˡ
ϡĽݾ뿪Ȱ衣
㲻Ҫ˵ˡĽݻһ֣ѾҵķԸȥɡ
Ľݾ̾˿ת뿪ˡ

ĽݺȥĽƾ˻һŵͼ˼пܵĵطɳĽа̽顣
գȷĽݻĲ֮
Ľݺ굱ô׳ֵ֪ͨܺЦϵס̸

Ϊ¹شθЦТФɽһФЦ롣лΪƺлչлȻСΡ
Ľݺָŵͼ˵ĽݻĲ֮˵֪ҾǸôźã
ФЦҲɱȥĽݻȻһаɾͲöԸˡ
û˱ʾԡ
ФЦ뵱±İ壺ڣ׼ְɡ
ФЦ뿴Ľݺ꣬ĽݹӣڱؾĽҡĽݻĽҵμһǶֵôˣҪס档
ĽݺͷĽƾƾȥֶܵ
Ľƾͷ뿪ˡ
ФЦٿΪСܵܣȥ̫Σˣ͵ŷŻҺˡ
Ϊ˿ڣڶ΢΢ͷҲŵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ФЦֶųںͳӦˡ
ФЦͳͷ
ФЦֶТһӦˡ
ТҡͷҪҪСһ𡣡
ФЦҡͷС书̫һȥǻҪֳһ㣬ǺȵġסĽݻ±Ƚʵá
Т˿ЦФЦǴʦҪҼСӣǧܰˡ
ФЦТһۣģôܻСˡ
ТһֻһʦҲҪСЩǡ
ФЦ룺֮ҴӦ㣬ԲС˵ġ
ðɣ㡣ТЦֵ˵ͷ

ĽݺĽݾס֮⡣
ĽݺָĽݾסԺӵĽݻҾͽĽݾԺ
ʵ뵽ġĽݺ꿴ĽݾסԺӣĽݾĽݻΨһܹεˡĽݻҪչĽݾһҡĽݾʱû뿪ĽҡǱҪȥĽݻĽݼҵ£Ҳ뿪Ժӡ
ФЦͷǺãһңǾͳȥ
ΪֽŹȻǺܿġҾһлĽҸܿģ˻ҵĵæžȻȥˡ
ФЦ˻֣ͳڣǽȥ
ФЦһ˳ȥФɽЦĽݺ
ĸ˳ԺӣԺΪļ˵ѨһߣʼѰҵĻء

ĽݻһעѪˮĴԡͰ
ĽݻȫûѪˮ֮СѪˮ֮мѪ˵֭ҺĽݻƤ̼ĽݻѪҺʼ
Ľݻһѭſھתһ߷ֳһסԼ
еٶԽԽ죬ĽݻɫֿʼѪɫ
ֵǸؿˣĽݻҧء
ѪҺĽݻܵޱȵʹ۶ڱ･Ѫ
ĽݻƴסѪҺУΪѪҺҲеԵʣЩ޷ۼߵһһĻ۵һ
Ľݻ˺һʹҧſھ
ҪܲסʱԼСʱĲ⣬˵׵ĮӣޱȵļĽҼλӣΪ˴ﵽĿϧɱ߱ԼҪһͳҰġ
ĽݻһҧѾ̫ˣһгɿա
ĽݻڵѪԽԽࡣ
ڣĽݻڵ˼ֵһɣ֮ǰһ޷Ƶ谭

ʱĽѾһƬҡ
ЦФЦ롢ФɽĽݺĸѾҵ鷿Ļأ˵صǰĽݾһš

ĽݾˣĽݻʿ
ۿ˵Ķ֣Ȼȫͳһҩ¡
Ƿҩ֮󣬾͸Ц֮ǰЩһò֪ʹҲǿˡ
ƴЦĸĽݾûַźţ˸ʿ

ȵڳ֮ʱĽݻѾԡͰ·
ųЦФЦ롢ФɽĽݺˣĽݻЦվҲȻҸǵ֮ǰ񹦡ĸ񹦵ɡ
ФЦһ񹦡ĸ֣ɫһСġ
ĽݻЦˡ˵꣬ƱФЦ뵱ͷȥ
ФЦϽ㿪
ĽݻһƻǽϡҶʱѿλڵµһ
ФЦ뿴һƵ׽ĸһҲĽݻĶ֡
ФЦ뵱±ЦФɽĽݺ꺰ܣǲĶ֡
ФɽЦô򲻹ʲôԵģһФЦǿܣתܡ
ǶĽݺ˵򲻹ΪǲʵģŲߡ
ФЦֻһߵĽݺƨϣСӣڶʲôʱˣˣ͸ܡ
ЦФɽͷһѾסĽݺȥ
ФЦӦĽݻУҲȥ
Ľݻ̽׷ȥ

ĸܳԺӣ㿴ڡТ˱ʮĽݻΧš
ФЦһ󺰣ܡ
ںͳ̴ТͻΧ
ЦһЮסТһɱȥˡ
Ľݻ׷ᡣ
̽ͣĽݻһУֿˡ
书ôͻȻôǿˡ
ˡФɽܱ߻ش
ʲôĲӼӿˣĽݻôŪϡҪĶȻаŵĹ򶼱㵽ˡ
ФɽФЦô찡
ФЦФɽӰȱôˣרҪ
˵ţĽݻͻȻһƻһǼ
˸Ͻ㣬Ľݻ˻ȥ
֮£ֻתӦս
Ľݻƣֱ˱Ƶмܡ
ʮкФЦ뱻Ľݻһƴǰء
ФЦһѪǿ֧ûе¡
Цһ֮£ʱۣĽݻȥĽݻĹԼϡ
ĽݻɿƣЦ㿪ǰƣǱһƵƷɨˣȥ
ĽݻסᣬپƣһЦȥ
Т˳ȥЦһӲЦ㿪һơТļĽݻƷɨʹ˵
ФɽĽݺꡢںͳĸϽǰסĽݻ
ʮ֮ФɽĽݺꡢںͳĸҲϴˡ
ЦТһߣԼŽӭĽݻ
ǾЦҲԲĽݻĶ֡
Ľݻһ߳Уһϸһ΢Ц񹦾ȻеĻҪ
ĽݻЦÿ˵˿֧ŵˣһ͹һе˹ȥ
Ц֧ŵԽԽ࣬ۿҪ֧
ҺʱͻȻһӰԼٶȳǰ档
ʦ档ЦŸĽݻһл£һ̱˵ϡ
Ľݻл¹˼֮ͻȻХ̧һ䵱һˮʦ
Ľݻ޺ҧڵĹԾúл£ȴΪԼܹһ
Ľݻϣתߡ
л׷ȥһˮʦҲһ׷ȥ




 218 


ϣ˴ôЩ㲻ҸͲҲһ
ڿųԶͻȻ
Т̶ɿһ˵ļһִĳڵı֣ôͻȻˣò˰ɣТһģóҵĿֱȵҲ˵
Тתͷų֣ѵ治ǰģ
̾һпܰСͲôң뿪ħҲǵôһߡ
Ҫװģļȴ䲻һɭɭ
ԭҴСͲô㡭ߵǰ¡
㡭㡭ôô͵ˡǱŵˣŵúܲᡣ
뿪ħҲǵôһߡɴסĶ䣬ݺһŤĸС˵˵ħ̴úȤʱ뿪ģ
ʹλģҴˣҴˡ
ֲģôءЦŤסĶ䣬ǺݺݵšһȦΪ㣬һ·ͣ˼켸ҹ·Ҫ֪ԭͲģֺαҪƴϹء
Ҵˡʹرݺݵʰһ١

ЦߵТߣļ򣺡ʹʹ
ТҡҡͷڳһǴȻӣʹҲʹӺɷôһСˣûϵġ
ʰϣ̱ڵصĳТĻͻȻһ֣Т˵ļϰ˰
ۣТһҽУʹҷɣһͷ˽ЦСӣҺʹʹˡءҵļʹ
ֻصո㲻ǻ˵һС˸ûʲôϵҵ˱أҸոջ˱Ź򣬶ûءôǶӺɷ
ТСӣ۸ҡ
ЦĴȼţٶ
ããáТæͷСӹȻһģ뵽һȥˡ
ŤͷѰ󱣻˵Ҫҡסһأôˡ
Цָָǰոպʹһ֮󣬾Ľݻܵķ׷ȥˡ
ɫʱһڣ㲻ĲҲһ


ʱһƬҵĽĽƾһЩϵŬ֮ڽƽ
ĽƾŴ׳ҵЦǼ
ФЦ뵱ذһƣ˵òᡣТЩҩФЦԣФɽЦ˾ͽһŰ壬ФЦ̧лΪסǸԺȥˡ
ںĽݺ˵ȻԶûФЦأҲᡣТǳЩ˵ҩĽƾʹ׳һ˱һһлΪסԺӡ
˵òأðűΣƤӲТǼ˼ҩ裬ָһصлΪסԺӡ

СκлȻʱ˵չ֮»ָ൱Ѿܹ߶ˣҲָ˲١
˼˵ФЦ뱻̧ŻжһлκлΪưФЦ̧ФɽΪ˹ˡ

ТĽƾʹ׳ѳںĽݺ걳һӣǿˡ
ȻԼУǵϺü˶Ϊ˱ЦģТҲ˳û˶ͷĸ˷Ľƾȥ˼ҩֺܴ󷽵İøϡеҩɵҩ赱Ƕһ˳ԡ
ȳںĽݺ¿ʼ˹ϢТȥЦͳˡ
ЦĹ⣬ȻûʲôˣҲֵһҩ衣
Цҩ裬Т·ȥ˵ļ
ТŤתͷԼļ򣬶ЦСӣûµģֻҪЩҩˣܺá
ЦùТݸҩƿմҩТͿĨ˴
ҵ书̫ȻֺˡЦһĽҩͿТ෢׵ļϣһš
书̫ЦĻһߵĳûﺬŵҩҭ˵ЩԿ𼱣ʣֻҪʮʱ䣬ŶҲֻҪ꣬дɣʱ򽭺ʤ˾Ͳˡ
̫ˡЦܼĿڵҪǿҪúǿǿ
ЦЦؿЦ˳ںĽݺꡣ
ְúǿǿݺѹȥһͷô찡
ʲôôģТĪؿų
̸ʾôԶԶĸأ
ϰТһͷָָЦиôϱ˸Ľ
֡ۼɹ̼ŬѵûΪӺɷȢԶԼϱǱԼϱѹסһͷǶôûӵ¡ѵͲŤѵͲ˼ҼЦѵͲС𣿡
ТɴۣʲôñŤģΪСôϱ˭Ȣ𣿾ǽթ黫ҲǲҵõҼСϱġ˵ˣҼСӺǿֲҺ˭ҼЦҾͶܺˡУҼСȻ书ܺãֱִ̰ƣҪûң㲻ûᱻƭȥ˶һ벻ҡ
ſ
Цˣ˭ֱִˣֱִء
ТɵЦСӣ㱿һûϵģΪǲġ
Ц΢ЦţТͿҩ΢΢
ʹТģСӣҴˣʵִҴˡ
Цˡ

ʱл䵽Ժ
ЦТһлˣ̱ȥ

ţųڵܣղТĻ˰ɡ˵ʵһ治òϣТСӸȷʵǾ䡣ȻһĽﲢû㣬ܣ㻹İɡ
΢΢ͷĽݺ֣⻰Ҳȥ
˵꣬ҲԼ˵˶Ĵֻ̼ԹԱۿʼ˹Ϣ

ʦ棬ǸĽݻأТһ嵽л¸ǰ̱㿪ʵ
лźصϤΣӽһƬ֮ߵصܵˡҵص׷ȥͲ֪ܵȥˡ
ȲˡТл½ȥʦˣʦأ˼ҿ쿴ȥ
л¸ϽݣФɽΪФЦ˹ˡ

һĹ֮лջΧΧ絣Ĳѵ˵СȻˣǲأ˹ºܻˡ
ŷ

ȵʱ֣ʦһˮлˡ
ԭĽݻһܣĽݾҲˡ
ĽﻹһĽݻĸûüߣץס֮ҩи˵Ĳ˵ȫ˵˳֮ǰĽݻ޻ͷϵЩȻҲ˵ˡ

ȻŵĲ֮ԩѾϴˢˣл¾ƺҲͲٴĽˣ׼ôʰʰʱȵȥȴĽҵĳϸסˡ
Ǹлһͨ࣬ϣлºʦһˮĽݻ¸ĽûйϵţлºʦһˮȲҪ뿪ĽңĽҶⷢ룬·ϣ˵ʽĽݻĽҳʱ֤
л¸ʦһˮһ£˱Ҳͬ
ĽҵļλŷؾĽݻ֮ǰɱ˸С֣ЩӲ鶼㵽ĽҵͷϣĽҲǺӦġлºʦһˮλϾصվߣǱĵöˡ
λ϶һٵл˴ҩġ

λߺųΪҲˡ
Сһ̹࣬űմڡ
ΪԼѾħ̱⳥ԵѾ¼СΣЦʵЦЦʦأ𣿡
Ц̻صڡµӷͣʦҪȻ㣬Ҳֻƭˡ
һʧصȻڡ
ТһָǰǼˣȿȥ
ͷȥˡ
Сΰ˿
лȻСССȰ˵Сΰ书ȻûߣҲǽóˣҽȻûĶǿҲǿȥ͸棬˺ˡ书ֶֺҽ㣬㹦ָٶȻ㡣
СҡͷҪʦ˹˵ġ
лȻǴʦҲˣøʦء˵ˣͬΪŮˣ˹˵ʱվӷЩ
СμҡǾЦЦС˺ˡ
лȻ̯֣ǿԣָٶȻʱΪȻָ书ɲҪʡ
Сԥˡ
лȻղŵҲɽ˵ˡĽݻ񹦣ʦֶĶ֡ҪǲϿָʱһʲô⡣ӣǻҪԴΪء
ðɡСαлȻ˵ޱʹƿ˴¶
Цɴ۾ԹؿСΡ֪ʦ棬ղžͲ˵ٻˡʦ˼ѵͲ֪˵ѵ汻ҴǶôʹĵһ顣
СߵزлȻһš⣬ЦЦԹˡ
Сεɤӣͼע⡣
Ȼ̻ͷ
СξװµӣţǸడþòˡ
СŮˡָСμΪصȻҡ
СμЦǣǺǡ
ɵؿСεΪʲôҪأѵ
Сι򶨵صе¡
࿴СκܾãͻȻаЦСΰɫܲأò˰ɡǺǺǣòΪˣû򲻹ңԲŲҰɡ
С̧ͷ죺ôء
һŤӴܽȥСǰСΣƭҲûõģҴ
롭СȥһǱץס֡
ô̽̽СεСҲн졭
лȻǰһ࣬ԸҼСˣ
̿ڵѵСϣҵȻԸˡ
˭ˡС̳Էԡ
㡭ָСΣΪص
е¡
ǰ¡


лȻ߳ӣţʹ졣

֮һ£˱Ľҡ
ФЦȻͬл˵ºֻˣʼЦһθΧɽׯЩҪծ
Сİ֮£书ָٶȼ졣
ȻһΪС֮Իָô죬ҪΪÿҪСαһӮ֮ЦСܵ޴̼Եʡ
ȴʼռ֣С֮Իָô죬ȫΪҽ书߳Եʡ

һ֮󣬸·½ϵĽҡ
ĽҽĽݻһйڣӴ˽ĽݻĽҳ
ŵûףΧŵɱͬǮΪ½һɽׯЦФЦѹեѪĵز

ɽׯˣģƻǰ屶
˺ܿĺظФЦסȥˡ
ΪСûУҲһȥˡ

֮ʧһʱĽݻĺɱֳˡ
һΣǵֶθݣרŶһЩСɳ֡ЩûʲôֵСɸͲǵĶ֣ɱɾֻкٵļҴ
ϵһЩСĻ̻̣׷ɾЩɴʱ뿪ڵأɢѡ
ģЩɱֿʼһЩɳˡ
ÿγ֣Щɶ˲أҴ١
һƬҡ
ЩɱֶҧгݣƫƫЩɱӰȥ٣һʧֱҧеĶҩԾ
Ľݻ˽һĹУȴƺûа취
ĽݻڽϷųҪһͳвϳɣԥĳȥ
ĽݻһẔ̇мڵϵɱʾԸ뵽¡
˺½½вٵͶĽݻ



 219 

ϣ¹á
ТЦζիſ¡
ТҵҪ͵Цһ£ȴһ񱼶Ӱ˺¡
ǸӰֱ嵽Тǰ󺰵֣
Т̧ͷһȻǳ
֣ڸʲôТصųᣬòײҵ͵Цһµġ
ԼټĳϿ̬ȶТ֣רͶŶģɲܼȡ
ָ֣ʲôȱˣТɨų񣬡ĽݻڣѾҵˣͲҪˡ
Ҳûʲôȱ¡УҴûɹʲôȱ¡ΪԼ׵ܴġΪ֣Ϊ˴ңȻСңĽݻΪ˲ĽݻССŸˣͶˡ
Ц̺ˣϽʣʲôˣ
񿪿ڵڲǵĽݻ𣿡
ЦͷĽݻѾֹˣ¶棬¶Ľݾ棬Լ֪ںδĿǣڸɶɳֵѰĽݻ䣬ϧһҲûС
һظһΰĵΪ˰ҵĽݻ˼ȥ뵽һ취
ʲô취ЦТͬʵ
а΢ЦʵҲûʲôֻǰĽݻؼϢдѶȥ˶ѡЩؼĵˣһŬĺƴܷܲȥѰĽݻġ
Тһ֮£ʱͷ֣ʵǹݣӦõġ
ТŤͷЦСӣǿѵһκµķϣʱ㱣һºˡ
Цͷʾͬ⡣
̲Ľݻ϶Һ޵ҪҪ汣ңĿɲС
Т͸۸񣺡֣ȻҰĽݻõؼ¹ȥͿ϶˶Ľݻ׷ɱİ취ȻܵҲ˵϶ĽݻڻǲҶųֵġǶıˣ㻹Ҫô
˿ЦһŤܲ˼ӵ⼸º书ֽ٣˼Һˡ
㻹˵ТɭɭЦˣҾ˳Ľݻ⣬㣬ٻʬ𼣺ˡ˿϶ǲҪˡ
̸ĿڣΪһǺæģһǲˣҸطҰɡҽų̿죬ͷվҹ·м䶼ûͣǻ·ϣܵ
Тų֣㻹ģʱ򻹼ǵôǡܹжˣ㱨ңҺȥʦ˵
֣ģ˲ģڻССɣҲʮˡ
Тͷֶųʵ֣ӿ㣿
ˣ֣ʲô
Тҡͷ֣ƺˣؿҼҴʦФСĵ̡㲻浽Ϊֵ¿԰׳԰סɣ
̺ڳһƬ


ڶ죬һڳںͳΪĴµء
Т˶˰춼ûҵʮš
֡ТһѾ񣬡ʮأѵƲˣ
صضТ֣ʮűȥԵˡ
ԵףТһɻ
֣ȺһҾͿʼ׼ˣʮͻ˺ڵϵӥ̡ҲȻûв´Ľݻһ˵ʲô˳ӥǸСĽͬ̾ʹӥͶĽݻǱȥˡЦĽݻǱҪʲôʮŻŸġ
֣̫̫ܵС̫ˡ
ˡ
֣ʵҲڿ㡭


ѶϵǳĽݻؼϢñѾһƬҵĽӵĻˡ
񹦵ջʵ̫󣬵£Ľ˿ʼƵѰĽݻ
˶ˣȻʹˣһºĽݻڷɽϢ㴫˳
տʼʱ˲֪ǳЩؼջ֮ɥʧǣȻһдɽȥҪؼЩȻһһȥ޻أ󣬱ڷɽɽҵǱʬ塣
ǾˣЩԳոǿ˽һһ·ϷȥЩȻҲһȥ޻ء
ȥʮ֮Щޱ΢ЩǲٴɽȥȴҲȥΧ˷ɽɽ¡

Щ˻Χɽ𣿡Ľݻ˫վһߡ
ǵģǻΧɽ²뿪Ľݾش
ƾĻɫҲ񹦡ĽݻЦҶ޷ɵ񹦣ǾȥΡ
񹦵ؼеϢȥվǸ鷳Ľݻ޺޵ܵÿ죬Ҳѡطܡ
ϣȻڷɽϢѾ˳ȥ绹ǻطɡ¸ɻΧɽ
áĽݻ֮ǰֻΪڲܴŵϰ񹦣ֲǡɳҲáɽѹҪǸóûǵɫҪףĽݻǺöԸġЩͶߵ书ȽϺõĶеɽ׼Щ
ǡ
ˣڸǺȵľꡯǳˣͰҩĺôͻǽǣֻҪúñ֣ÿ¶һꡯұҵĻ޷ٵõꡯǾֻѪܱѶˡ
ǣϡ

سǡ
лָЦ书һһߡͳ񡢳ڡΪĸҲڡ
ǲ˰Ťͷųڵܣ㿴Ŷû书ôͱôǿˡǰǿǿܸƽ֣һ֮ھɴˡ͸ܻῴˣ㻹ǳıȽϺá
ɫȻؿЦ
еȤߵһߵķ籦ĵܣŻæһ£Ҳܰݵ¿ɺá
籦񣬶˵ͷ
籦˾óΪ⣬ϲصĵܣͷˣǾ˵Ҽˣĵܰҵĺĵܡ
籦ڳԼķϣ˼ָΪʦ
̱ˣضĵռұˣҪҵͽܣôҲʰȥ
ĿתؿЦл¹еһŰѳ߿һȥоôĽЦЦ
񼸺ҹȻġ
˾ٻӳ廨Ьһֻͷϴһ

Тֻضų֣Ͳܰʵʵ￴ҼЦѧ书ʦ桢ʦʦʦĽݻʦʦ￴Ǳ޸Ĺ񹦴ġںúÿţҲѧ𣿷ǵҪϴû꣬ñǰᡣ
Ҳ֪ˣѧʲôϵ
Тһۣ֣ѵͲʦʦǵִͣ书ѵĽݻʦʦ￴񹦵ؼ޸ĹģĨȥһЩҪĲ֣Ҳ֪Щָ޸ġؼǲܵģȴܴп񹦴ϵ·ӡʦԴΪרΪҼСӴ׹Ȼ񹦣ӦҲġ
ٰ˳һۣТٲҲ˴ģҾͲǴ񹦵˻ʦʦǻ͡
۾һת˷񹦻Ĺ򡭡ҪдڡѶϡ
Т˳һۣФɽͷ籦ʹ˸ɫֻ֣ɱˡ
Фɽͷ籦߹һһվߡ
ФɽЦ֣ȻҺϧȻĴвŵİҲֻʹɱˡ
籦˵ֱӰѽ˳
֪ӿڳĵЦŲˡ
һһ߻ֵɤӵҪҪҪ˼ôͼԴ˽籦Фɽ˶ĵ
籦ФɽǾлΪƿģһҲΪųȥ
лΪ˹õǸʮ̵ӡ
ǳͿһ뷢԰ƵŤ壬գİСָҧŮ״ŽŵᣬᣬȻѧ˼ң˼Ҳˡ㻵㻵ˡ˼ҲҪˡ
ǹѷһĳ񱻶ĵˡ

ʱһֻ׸˹
ݵһץסֻ׸룬Ӱ׸Ͻ°ŵϸͲһССֽ
ֽ̧ͷ˵ʮ˵ĽݻڷɽɽΨһһƽ˻ҩ͵ȥɽ

ɼ֣۵˷ɽ£ʼٹɽ
ȣ˳һɽ˸ݾ
˴Կͷ˲ٵ֡
ۿǿУұ˻صɽɽһƬᾹʯһƽأұ㶼˵ƽ֮ϡ
еϴһ֮ж
ΧסɽɽϣڸˮԴ¶һһ⡣
ӷ𣬴˾ٲסַʦ̷ԣ̫ˣˮԴ¶֪Ầ顣
ʲôеģĽݻĺܶ˿ڡ
̫һĽݻˣǰæһһˮʵǵص
Ǿǿ
ǿУǿֵܶġ
ţȴͻȻһ̶ĳХ漴ɽӵһʨӺ𣺡ɽ
лʦһ
ɽ䲻ΪʲôȻлʾһˮ̳Χ˺
ɽĶǸŸеĸ֣лʨӺʾʱȻһԵЩʱ䣬ܿٶȴǲ
ǿƽŵĻҩըʱжһҪлʾǴŶѾˡ


 220 

ӹһٵңɽϵĽݻȴǱס
ţšǸŹȻҵĿǡĽݻҧгݣľƱ޲ðеͳͳ˺Ƭһ죬ҪţɱɾŵˣǵȥСκлȻ档
һվŵĽݾԥڻǶĽݻڵϣлȻСκûǸлһġ
ʲôĽݻһ֮£ɫһ䣺ûǾԲܵģ²ݵĶôܻϡ
ϣոСκлȻɽ¡
ҲšĽݻŭСκлȻô²ݵĶû
Ľݻһ˦䣺ȥҾͲŵ˻ܸ˵ĵز
Ľݻ˵꣬ɽ±ȥ
ϡĽݾʹṦĽݻȥ

Ľݻɽֱɽ³ȥ
ٶȼ죬ҲԼ٣ɽ¿Ӱ˷׷ָ
ɽ˵ľĽݻһЦڵ书ͨͲž书õлºࡢһˮͬʱΧǰڣǶκβ֮ܲУȴǲѵġ

ôܡĽݻͻȻͣ˽Ų˴ȻɽЩ룬ĿȴѾĿɽվлߵ϶Ѿ˵СκлȻ
ȻûĽݻսȭȻ²ݵĶҪҹȻ̫Сˡ

ʱɽµСҲѾĽݻ
СοĽݻ̾˿ͷĽݻĽݻǶ㲻ô˼ҾȻû
Ľݻһ֣ɽµȥ
Сμ߹ĽݻȻҺܲϣվҵףҪɱңҲˣ͵ǳǵѪӴ֮壬ӴٲɡһҪȰһ䣬һͳҰģҪټȥ
Ľݻ쳤ЦҪټȥкδ
С̾һҪһͳҲǲСҪͣ͸Ե·ˣ˵ӵΪ⽭Ҳ¡㿿ɱŻˣŵЩͶ£㹧׳Ƴѵһͳˣ㻹εĺá
СεһϯĽݻŭЦǲǳȥЩν㲻һͳأ
С̾ҲгȥǵͲС
Ľݻ۽һɨڳˣͻȻһƻԵ±ڡ
Ľݻһƻ±ϱĳһӡȻģ±ڱ㷢Ȼ죬̮ˡ
ڳ˽һ
ĽݻڳУ۵жٻҵĶ֣ǼϣҺΣ
Ľݻ۹һɨлϣ֣ǲҰ֣ҲδӮҰɡ
лһЦҲδػ䡣
ĽݻһǱضԵˡ
һˮߵлվֻŻԵס
Ľݻһ˦䣺ǾĿԴˣǷҵĶһġ
Ľݻ˵꣬תҪ뿪
ȵȣȵȡʱлȻͻȻˣĽǰһº벻ͨϣҽ󡣡
Ľݻסţлֱ˵ΪŹĨǵġ
лȻЦЦĽݻΪҿĽǰһг񣬺аһͳӣʵǺ֪ǰƾʲôԼôģѵƾǰ书òɣ
Ľݻ俴лȻûлش
лȻֻԼ˵ǲ书õ޵оһͳҲȥ˵ֻǰǲΪԼѾﵽ޵еľˣ
ĽݻһЦ޵ȻǲܵģڽȻҵĵ֣ؾء
лȻ΢ЦĽǰҪ˵۽ʵǲҲ˵жΪǰôͷɸʲô͵ҪһͳΪ֪ǰ书ЩҲûʲôϡģؾҲЩǸ㲻ЩҲǰ׻ˣһεЦȻЩٻ˲ٵӣ񹦷ҲҪǿЩ
лȻһϯĽݻɫѾüΪѿ
ȵлȻ˵ЦĹĽݻҪǿĽݻѾŭ⣬лȻȵлȻ㲻ҪΪл¸ࡢһˮǼ޿֡ҪٸҺ˵˵ķңøСѾͷұȽϣҲġˣŲſš
лȻΪȻһЦҲǰⱾ²УȲ˵ҵһε㹻ʰˡ
ҵҪˡĽݻŭ⼫ʢ±֣ҲҪأһɫ
лȻӿڵȻˣǰͶӣŵһʤˡ
ĽݻЦȻ㼱ŰǸСѾͷ͵ȻҲƴˡӾˣϾŵҲѡӲǡ
ĽݻΪлȻ˵Цһʤֻһ˵ȴлȻȻ룬ڵȻѡǾͶºˣطҲռıˣˡվطˡлȻһ˵ţһýŵء
ĽݻһлȻô˵תͷлµʲô˼ĪǸСѾͷǵ⣬Ҫҵֳɣ
л¸һЦĽݻºʤЦѾͷԺ󲻹ڽʲô¶ˣŶٹʡ
Ľݻԣɻؿл¡
һˮ࣬клõȴһš
һл£°㲻ҪЦЦѾͷôڵĽݻĶְ
ҡͷ£˵ЦĽݻĶ֡
һˮҲлµ£ҪǲܣĽݻ֪Ҫѽʲôӡ
лȴ⼸ѣԥŵĽݻôˣˣòǲұȰɣСѾͷ䶼ңʲôʸһͳ
вɣлʲôıĽݻһˮĽţٱлһڻǿڴӦˣáºڴ˵أҹĴݡֻϣ㲻Ҫ
л΢΢һЦлԳСֻҪʤùЦ˼ձ뿪ԭٲʽϵǷǷǡ
ĽݻҲһЦ˱òˡждܾʧĻٺòˡ
л¶Ľݻ鼫ĵϣﲻҪٲк޹ˡɱţºıԾȡˣ¾ƴҲҪԵ׵ġ
Ľݻл£˵ͷá
л¶ĽݻһΪ
ĽݻڵһΪ
˵꣬Ľݻתɽȥ

ĽݻһߣɾͰ಻סˣ£㵽ٸʲôѵ㻹ҪЦѾͷȥ
лЦѵͲһΣ
һˮҡͷǲ㣬ʵ벻ЦôʤĽݻ
л΢ЦŵǾͲҪˣºֱӿˡ

ϡĽݾĽݻ󣬡ôӦˣлǸòʲôıɣ
ıʲôµġĽݻЦŵҾͲŹ֮ЦǸСѾͷʤҡ
ĽݻĽݾȱһ죬ս˿϶࣬ƸԼϵ֣һʤǸСѾͷʹ˳Щȫ¡ߣֻҪлºŵ˲֣ǱٲüɵöˡֻҪлȻ֣ö˭ܽõ
ϡĽݾһЩġ
Ľݻļ磺㾡ܷģЦԲҵĶ֡οһпܻء


 221 

лºĽݻԼܿ㴫
ҿʼԴºɽµǳս
صĶׯ˶ľⳡսʤ
ǳϵƳľֵġξȻûпľⳡսʤ
ڴҶеΪɻʱ򣬡ͷ˻Ϊҽˡ
˵ĽݻͲЦĶ֣˶սĽ϶ЦʤĽݻܣҲĽȫûľսѹûʲôɶĵģȻҲͿ˶ľˡ
ӣЩε̫СԲܻĽݻֵעʱЩԥ
֮һڵġѶǸԥ
һµġѶдΪ˵Ľݻõؼ£ĽݻΪ±ĽݻţȥѰŵıӡڸദǶʱ䣬ǷЦȻСһ书ȴ൱ˡۼЦл¹Уֻһкȵлֻм֮
һЩѾԥ˸ԥעµЦһߵı㿪ʼ
Ľݻ֮ǰ˲ٵɣɱܶĽݻ޵ҧгݡ
Щ˰ͲЦܽĽݻ򵹣ᶨƵšѶ϶Ц书ˣл¶ܴӮĽݻǲڻ¡
Ǵһʮʮ٣ЦٲȻΪ˽Ͽǰľ֣ոǿ֮Ľݻ͸ֻһס
ô˶ˣŵ˱Ҳˡ
ҷ׷װͽ˸ҶׯѺЦʤ

ûãЦǾֵϢҲĽݻĶ
ĽݾĹЦ书ôôǿĴһһĽݻˣЩǵصϣѹл¸Ҹ㶩ĶԼѾˡ
ĽݻЩֻǽ԰ˡЦͣ书ϵٸߣվ޵ģԲܻҵĶ֡
ĽݾüǣЦŵˡǾԲСģµģǽϰμԶĲ˵СΣڶʮµͱѾ齭޵֡ЦСС;ܴСӹλӣȻĹ֮ǻǷŵĺá
Ľݻվ˼ŵ˵ҲеҾͲţЦСС书ʤҡ
Ľݻ˵ȴɲȷʵŴǽϵһ档˵һľ֣Ҳǲܵ¡
ϣ»СΪϡĽݾĽݻǲҪܸлµǸԼˣǰ֮ǰļƻʲôʲôɡ
СȻЩĽݻǶȻҡͷҸлµԼѾ֪ǳǱΪЦԺηڣһͳ
ǡ
ûпǡĽݻĽݾĻ㽭ϵĴҲûʲôµġϾս֮ջµʱأЦ书ǿֻҪ񹦣ҾͲӮҡ
ĽݻĽݾҾͱչˣûʲôҪ¾ͲҪˡ
ǣϡĽݾӦ

ͬһʱ䣬Цڽ˵ġݲС
ЦȶţСҲһȶ˫֣Ц
лȻ룬Цϴȥ
һĹ֮оݵСջվ߿ФЦߵЦվ֮ǰСελã׼£ȴлȻֹˡ
ȵȡлȻ̽̽ЦФЦˣˣСˡ
ФЦ˵ͷ߿λøлΡ
лЦ£ڳС֮ǰһƣʼЦ
ûãлȻлεСˡ
лһջ֣վߵһߡ
ТߵЦóлȻһԼٶȷЦϸѨ
ȵЦϸĴѨлȻͷлµˡ
лµͷڰЦЦ˳Ƕɸ˳ȥʡõŪʲôŵ
˳ȥ

ТΪضлȻʦǿиСӹעʲôװɣ
лȻҡͷģҿţЦЦµġÿɸЦЦ̫࣬ԳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ʦǷǵô𣿡ȻõлȻı֤Тǲ̫ģÿɸСӵֲľͱˡСЩںΣյģһ㲻ãЩʱСڵһҴܣСˣ㲻û߻ħġ
ʦҿʲôõĵġڣЦЦʲôҲеġۼТ˵ģлȻֻٸТ֤һΡ
ТǵؿлȻһۣΪεصʦ𣿡
ǲǣȻҶšɵлȻЦݱˣָݺõТԴϡ
ТԴʦСû£ºĽݻľսأŴҶɸѵʤĽݻ𣿡
лȻݺݵصТÿ춼Ҫϣѵ𣿡
Тգۣ޹ػشʵҺÿʮġ
лȻ㱻ѪΪʦҾһΣЦЦ϶Ӯġÿ춼ЦЦԳ֮ܵЦЦڴŵͻܾˣԲĽݻ
ǣһǺܵġТ硣
лȻֻüοġЦЦ츳ˣǽ񹦴׹ѧúܿ죬书ѾΪΨһȱҲϰʱ̫̣ǷȱѡǴװ֮ĽݻͲкùӳԡ
лȻԼͽļ򣬼ЦЦ书ˣףϵܵеϢѾڽϴˣĽݻҲˡӣȻȫţȴҲɡƫƫҪЦЦսѾֵ˽֪ҪԼҲСΪһͳĴƣЦЦһ䣬ĵȫûˣһͳҰҲͳΪӰˡ϶żĻŵġ
лȻЦһżһĻţ϶ͻץ񹦵ݡƫƫ񹦸ϵġĽݻԽŬҪ񹦣Խ׳¡ҪùĻ㲻ڸЦЦս֮ǰͻ߻ħҲһ
Т˴ͻȻһ̵ȥ
ιʲôȥлȻԼͽֵľٶ̿ʵ
ТͷҲأȥҼ㣬ǱĽݻùˣ߻ħ
лȻѵݺ¶ܣ
ˡТͻȻת嵽лȻǰ̯֣ʦҵӣҸǮ㲻ÿҺгķϣҲһ
ѵûǮлȻһεóӸТһʵ
ТӹӣתܣܱߵǮСӽҲһǮʵҪǮˣҲҿûԩͷҲԩͷԼǮ
лȻŭТԶȥӰҧгݣСӣȻҵԩͷ


 222 


ȵТгĸ㣬ֺгľǮһ¾ȥЦ
Тһ߽ԺӣͿЦŸʣͬŸʵĳվţ˵ļƣҪдһ¡ࡢͳΪվһ߿š
ȵȡТǰм䣬ЦСӣڱѨܶôԸִء
ЦТĽʣֲ׼͹ʽѡ
Тڣ֣Ҳ𣿡
ҡͷлǰҾȫ
Т̲صվһߵлȻһۣʦ̫ˣһСô죿
лȻһѾԼһ㶼֪ʦصͽЦЦ书нȻܶƾʽҲĺòáڹУҪѾʲô̶ˡ
ТԼظȻǺα鷳أϺˡ
˽ԲĬؿ
Т̲ˣҸʲôǷǳŬģʦң˵ҽܴġ
Тһ˵ţһתͷѰлȻ֧֣ʦ˵ǲǣ
лȻТΣڵȷʵǽܴ󡭡
ТԼҪģһӣǿʦҲ˵ҽ˰ɣֺˡ
Тһ˵ţһǰӳʣںüʽСӣҳְɡ
лȻָͽͽΪʦĻû˵ءǺܴ󣬸ǰȣ̥ǣǶЦǵ㹦Ͳòá

ۼТһֺܼܼӣҲˡ
Фɽ룬߽ȥһֻӳ
ЦЦͱýˣˡФɽѿӵݸЦĽʡ
ʦ֣̫ˣôТФɽֱš
ЦĿӣҡҡͷС
ТתŭΪϲֺĶФɽʦ֣ʵ̫Сˡ
Цתͷлεʦ㣬һ¡
лδӻݸЦ
Цӹ˼ۣɵ۾档
Тɴ۾СӣΪʲôҪס۾
ЦһԺᣬһߵܸҶУȻֻһҶû˼
ТŭСӣҲ̫Сˡʮܸóŵùɡ
ǱߣлκФɽ˼ӼŰʳŵЦΧ
ʦ֣ʦ㣬Ǹʲô ТлκФɽ
ȻǸЦЦϰˡлε䣬ҲܶЩʱ򡣡
ТŭͳͳСҡ
ТתͷЦСӣҪӮ㡭šТԼ붼̫ܡ
Т̸ĿڵҪ³ŹһСҲܣֻٸĿڣҪ³ŹʮСҪ³ŹʮСţˣǶʮкˡҪ³ŹʮУҪ
˵ТߵЦߣʮ¡
Ц΢΢һ죬Тɿ˿ЦܾĻᡣ
ТеĽһ᣺Сӣҳˡ
Т˵꣬еĽЦɨȥ
ЦβֻĿڽһ㣬㽫ʲ
Т̱УýЦСȴȥ
ЦһˣТ˸ա
Тջؽסż⣬úٶŲЦлηЦǰһӳһСʯӣͬʱ̾Цɨȥ
Цһ̧ţ߸߷ͬʱһ࣬ſТĽһѹһ
ТЦ⿴赭дһѹһǰ˹ȥ
ТϽȥͼƽ⣬ȴ֮ǰЦ߷ɵѾ䵽Ľź
Тһ˱ȥҿЦʱ־סӣǰĽų졣
񿴵ú֣֣ʮлúԶء
Тߵر֪ۡͲ˵ʮôˣ˵кˡ¿ˣײСˡ
Ц۾ϵТû°ɣ
Тͷɥҡҡͷû¡ײ⣬ʲôҲûСʮ£ʮ£ʮѽÿÿ
Цһ޾ɵӣʱΪͬ飬ڶʮӮ㣬ɾǷʮˡ
Т̧ͷգҲգؿЦСӣ˵ʲô
ЦТһߣܿˣС֮ǰ˵ŹʮоҪʮ£ûŹȻҪʮˡ
Т̱þ񣺡У̫ˣжûŹƽôҲ׶ʮ²УȻСͿˡ
Ц˵ʮµģôֱʮˡ
ТڳһӣСӣΪΪ˴ҪƽСΪ๫رƫҡ̫ңͷȻҪӱʮһҪ׵ġһҪǵס
ʲôʱҵ๫ˣЦСС顣
ϾˡТüɫضЦڶѾˣٹ£ʮˡȵһ죬ҾȢˣҲͳ๫ˡ
ǲǻ𡣡Ц
ºܿͻġТϲ̵ЦСӣ㴩ϲһƯòˡ
ТʼЦϲӡ
СӴϲһƯƯģԼְѸͷҿʱһܾ޺ܾޡ
ТճյЦ
ȻĶҹˡ
һ뵽ҹТͺ
ТɵЦ
ʱԼͿԶС
ТֻԼҪѪˡ

ֵؿТӴͷɥ޾ɱ˸߲ңٴ˸߲ҷչɵЦգһʱ䶼ЦТ˵ڸʲô

ۼТѾв԰ΣЦ˻ȥ
Цųڵ磬Ǽɡ


ЦĽݻսӼˣĽ˶ɽȥ
һʱ䣬ķɽһüΪ֡
ЩΪһۿսĺλã͸ϵ˷ɽ£ҸҰĺõطӪկ
ɽڵСǼɽͻȻˣתÿģ˳ԵõĻﵽɽ¶ۣ⻹ͦġ
ܿģɽСǱԽԽˣѶɽ°˲̯̯÷ɽͬϼһ֡

Ľݻվɽɽֵľжʱޱŭ쵰ǰҸЦľսʲôˣϷǳϷȫҸߡ
ŭ˼ĽݻͻȻؿһƣͷһһѪ˳
ĽݾϽǰϡ
ĽݻһѹؿڵĲʣû¡
ϣ㻹ʱһŰɡĽݾǵصҲлȻ˵㲻ʺ֮²Ҳһ
ܣԲܡ⼸ҵĹǿҲǿġ
Ѿ˺üѪˡ
㲻õҡĽݻָָɽ£ȰЩȫҸ˵
ĽݾСϣʵѾЩ˶ˡһˮټɽ£Ǹ˵ĶһȻ桭
ϼһĽݻ޺޵Ȼ˸˵¾ˡȸŵ˽ˣרĶԸǼ١


 223 


սǰһգл´˸ϵ˷ɽ
һл£̼Ҵǰ°Цбʤİ𣿡
л¸һЦҡͷûС
ص£һЦôˣѲ㻹е˳뿪ԭ
лһЦҪЦˣΪŵԣҲֻôˡ
ʱˣǿɲС
лһ֣ʲôеġǽĽݻٻҲˡˣҸ¿ɻã
ͷȻõġЩĽݻڸúɱֵĵط̽ʮ֮˾ţѾּˡ
ǲˡЦˣŵ˲òʱ뿪ҲѾа취ԸĽݻˡлļ磬˵ˣЦЦֲһ䡣

ս֮ա
սĳɽһЩĵطһյء
սʱ
ʱһĽݻĽݾļյϡ
Ľݻˣ˱ҲӵЦҲȥ
ĽݻĽݾӹǰߵ˿յص롣

лȻó룬Ц˱Ѩ
лνӰӽγЦ
ЦӰ׼ҲߵյȥȴТһס
СӣȵȵȡТóһСƿװѾ׼õϺõҾơ
ТѾƿݵЦУСӣڸĽݻ֮ǰȰƺˡ
ЦӹƿֵصúõҺȾƸʲô˵ˣ㲻ҲȾƵ𣿡˾ƻᷢƷء
⣬ͬȾơТһ˵ţһ߰Цƿ
ƺȥ֮ǰһҪҪҪ㡣Тıǳǳࡣ
ʲô£ѵüТôӣЦ̲סе
ТصСӣҰеǮȥͶľȥˡ
СۣеǮ
ТͷеǮ
Тһ˵ţһֵˣ˼ͼöͭ壺Сӣ㿴ֻʣǮķӰ˸ͭˡ
ЦТٵÿͭ壬ñТࣺǮͶĸľȥˣа𣿡
ТһָվڿյĽݻҰеǮͶĽݻս˭ʤ˭Ķľȥˡ
Ц˳Тָ䵽Ľݻϡ
СӣҰеǮȥʤˡТָĽݻСӣҪܴͶľϵǮܷûˡ
Ӯ˾ܷЦĽݻ˲ӯ˶־
Теͭҡû죬СӣҪˣǵӾͻزˡЩǾʲôʣˡ
ӾͻزˣЦĶ־ȼĽݻ˱ʤ
Цһһޱȼᶨ쳣صһӮġ˫һġ
СӣҲһӮġھͰƺ˰ɡТĵ˵ͷСڵ֪ѾȫסĽݻҪһˣҲֻ׷Ľݻˣ;ͻȻתȥ׷ɱֵ޹ùˡ
Цһںȸƿľơ
ТʼĬĬһʮſ˫ۣסһһͷŵȥЦ

ΧŹսһ𿴵ôסˡսûʼλôͻȻأ⻹Ȳˣ
վڿյѾ˺ܾõĽݻǵȵòͷˣôˣò˰ɣ
лȻһЦĽǰȱ𼱣ŵĹЩرÿҪȫ֮ǰҪһΣܴͨ澭ǿʹʽ
صĹ򰡣òϹİɣΧ۵ʿסТЦ뿴Цôһһߴͨ澭Ѷȵ¡
ҹŪ顣ĽݻлȻĺ˵˵ǲΪȻǵǱȻǲȣ
ȣȻȡТЦۣŤͷĽݻͿʼɡ
ŵ̺Ĭ˵һߡ
ТЦվֱҲ̷ɿһߡ
ЦŽվñֱ۽ĶĽݻ
ĽݻǰһЦʣµǸ롯ֻûڣЦ㶯ˡ
ЦԿ쵽˾ò˼ٶȣֱĽݻȥеĽҲͬ˾ò˼ٶȷɿĴ̳ʮ
ٶʵ̫ˣΧ۵ʿ˾
˵һµĲһͬ ʡѵ˵һдͨ澭ǿЧ

ЦһôͻȻĿ칥ȷʵǳĽݻϡЦ֮ǿĽݻĳһڵЦ֮ǰĽһѾȫͬˡ
ĽݻȫûϵЦô̵ʱ֮ڣ书ȻôĽЦһƣò˼ӽЦĽ
Χ۵ȺʮоŸϣЦܻʤģһĽݻЦˣȻǴкá
һʼûз±ЦˣĽݻȻޱȵŭһˣʧȻ˵ҲЦѹסˡ
ЦĹޱȵĽݻ֮Ļ᲻ࡣ
̶̵ʱЦĽݻ˱˰С
˸䣬ЦС˼û塣

ТŵؽŲеˣߵлȻʦСӮ᲻˵ģ
лȻڻ˵ٹвܿó
ʦ˵ĽݻûȥǸ񹦣
ǿ϶ġлȻаյصҪĽݻ񹦲ȥ͸ҪСӿǰһԪȴȥһܡ
Т۽׷СӵӰôû߻ħأЩǰˣǮǰ׾ˡ
лȻҲТһ۽ЦĽݻ񹦸񹦵ڹķߵľȫ෴·ӣ˵ġֻҪĽݻֲɢ˹ȥ񹦣Ҫ߻ħģֻˡ
ТĽݻΪʧصڻǺúõģһ㶼ûҪ߻ħӡ
ТתͷлȻصʦСǿԸĽݻ£ռϷ磬һĽݻĶ֡Ѵҹעϵù˿ô죿
лȻĽݻȱ𼱣ҿĽݻõʽӦò񹦣Լ񹦡ܿ񹦵ģСõ׹ߵҲ񹦵·ӣȻҲ񹦵ĿǡĽݻ񹦶ԸЦЦƾͻˡֻҪһ񹦣߶ʮа˾žͻᵹùˡ

лȻƵһĽݻҲѾԼЦѹƣЦõʽƺܿõ񹦵ʽ
ĽݻۼЦһһռϷ磬±㽹ʵҲֻ΢·磬ЦϡƫƫĽݻ֪ЦõʵǿһһעϵģʱЦһһռϷ磬ԼЦϡ
Ľݻһ˼֮󣬱У񹦡
ȷʵǷȻĽݻǿǿֻ񹦵ѣΪʹʽȴҲ
Ľݻ֮Цõʽûа취ٿ㱻Ľݻһһİ˻һ֮ռϷ˴ЦĽݻˡ
Цʵŵģ־̫ѣȴһҪǰ˲У򲻰ԼкܱҺܱҺܱңҵ붼ȥ
ǾĽݻռϷ֮Цŭˡ
Цŭ֮󣬱һαˡ
ЦȥʽֶˣʼԼٶȼĽǶĽݻ
ÿ̳ʱﶼֻһ뷨ҪӮһҪӮҪӮ
Цÿһκλڣֻǿ졢׼ݣĽǶȴǼġһ̳֮˭²һִʲôǶȴֻ̳δ
Ľݻ֮ǰѾЩЦ·ӣȴЦȻ;Уó򵥵Ϭмܵʽһʱ䣬֮ǰռõֱЦһһ˻ȥ

ۿⳡսλʿЦı֣Ѿסˡ
벻ȻĹ
ڳһЩģЦѾ˸ųݵĹâˡ

һ߿ŵТȴЩˣлȻʦȥСϵܳŶã
ûˣҲаˡлȻϵҲɣҪ֮ЦЦٲʤʦġ
Т˫ȭһգգضЦŵҪЦһˡ

ĽݻЦĿ֮£ȴǲòƴȫӦս
ת֮£ģеԼϢʼһ΢Ҵܡ
Ƶĸоֳˡ
Ľݻ֪ԼӦҪֹͣʹⳡս˵ҲؽҪֻӮġ
ĽݻһҧӲѹסһҴܵ
ѹƻãһѹ֮£ǹҴܵȻǿˡ
Ľݻ⧲ֻؿһʹһѪ
лȻһϲǲˣĽݻ䶨ˡ
Цץסᣬһ˹ȥĽݻһ㣬ЦĽֱۡ
ЦٽٹĽݻǿӦš
ĽݻڵʱѾȫĿˣɢҵĴײмڻײѪڲѡ
Щȫ߻ħǰסĽݻ亹죬д󺧡
Цһ̳ĽݻĴȣֳһĽݻϣ߳Զ
Ľݻ֮ɫҰףһһںɫѪ
ĽݾϽǰĽݻ

ТʤˣʤˣСʤˡ
Тһߺţһ߳ǰȥһѱסЦСӣʤˣð
ЦТʤˣ
Тͷʤˡ
ʤ˾ͺáЦͷһգʹ˯˹ȥ
Тᱧ˯еЦ¿յأ׼ãͣһ

ۼЦĽݻսѾһƬڡ
СοήɫҰ׵Ľݻ̾˿
лȻСԼĻץģӣģģֻȫˡ
С̾ϢһͷлȻļϣ飬ԼΪһ𡣡
лȻûлشֻ̾˿

лǰߵĽݻǰ
Ľ֣ǲǿԷưԽҰˣ
ĽݾŵĽݻĨȥߵѪȻһЦҲҲˣôһָͣôѪȥѰʧ书ؼӪô˼δˣȻһʮСѾͷһʲôȥȥһͳ˼οȫʧ𣬿Ҳ˶ˡ
ĽݻͻȻҡҡͷЦŵʵҲЦҪûͻȻ߻ħӦҲǲġԼ񹦻֪㣬Ҫȥ񹦣һųΪһȴѰ·һ˵꣬Ľݻ³һѪ
л̾ĽݻĽ֣㻹߰ɡ뿪ԭԶԶģҸĵط
ĽݻҡͷңѾǸˣزصĶɹҵԸһοǷ̫ѪծҪġ
ĽݻתͷĽݾһɽȥһüһϦ
Ľݾкᣬл£û˼ὫĽݻԼļͷתɽȥ
лĿȥһ̾ת߿

ڵʱЦѹ
һֱЦߵТһѹϲȥСӣӮˣʵ̫ˣΪһΪˡ
Тһ˵ţһ߾ȥЦ
Цһ죬ĵסТóѡ
ӮˣЦʳĵ⡣
ӮˡТһشһЦһ¡ײҲǺõġ
Ǿû˫ˡЦЦ۶гһˣȫûȥƽТ͵ĵľٶ
ТЦЦÿģƿ֣ȥ죬ĿЦ촽
Цּۿ죬ץߵĳĽĽʵס
Тû׵Ԥ촽ȴ׵ĽʣʱΪ
Сӣ̫ˣȻס
ƾʲôһҪˡ
ƾһºҾҪȢţ๫
ǲǻһ𡭡
Сӣ綼ҵˣڸһʲôϵ
֣ôͻȻˡ
۹ҩã书ٸߣٶҲˡڿʼа밻ʱ䶯ˣҿ׸




 224 


ɽɽ
ɽһ£һССӺӡ
ĽݻĽݾš
ĽݻںϸΪԼݲ衣
ĽݾɫȻݵĿĽݻĶ
ĽݻһΪԼݲ裬һصһһ̫˵أұƻöãħ̰ŮǷǲʮһĻӴ˶ءٸǷҩǱøˣ޷ܵŮˡǻɺ͸ңһ߰ҵļƻ£ڸŸ֮ìܣǻɳɱһ߰ѿɥʧ־ҩһһͶЩȨߵʳˮΪء֮ұһͳˡ
ĽݻԳһЦƻվĹͷʧˡǸƻʧ֮ȰҵģҲҪ֮ʵѾ˼ڰеȴͳﻮˡҿྭӪһӣ˺ܶĶڴһһУӣﲡҲŲܼһܺӱ˽˲֪ĴȨҲǮҲȥˣɱκһᣬ񹦣֣ȡ񹦵Ѫ˵ӣ˻ӵþ˵ĲƸѰؼܾԼѾ㹻ȥưԽˡ
Ľݻˮ˲ƬɫҶӸһôˡѰʮؼڵ֣ȴΪ񹦶޷ϰлȻңһţӲҪȥ߻ħϡ
ĽݻϦ£һȻ
Ҹոϸ룬ͻȻһֵ֮ӲࡣСʱҼΪʲôҪãвҪܷٴһ㣬ҵĽңӾ͸ùˡٺ뿪ĽҶ߽
Ľݻ̾һǶʱһбȽϿֵʱˡֻϧʱһֻ£ģύҲϲˣ˵Ҳ˵ĻϲŮˣȴֶʼŮңҲϡ
ٺþֶĽݼҼλãЩǰҵ˲ڽŵףʵǰԣȴֲ֪㣬һҪΪһһͳǮȨƣ˸棬˵Ҫ÷磬Ҫ꣬ϸ룬ʱҲûоÿģǸ±˷ңҪǸӹҲɡǻöˣе㲻ģбӦ䵽Լϡ
Ľݻ˵˵ţͻȻסؿڣ³һѪǼ˵ȥҵıӦˣҷˡҼȲȥ˭Ҳõıңұ𡣡ĽݻĨȥߵѪģôɵĸоѾܾúܾöûйˡ
ĽݻĽݾʵǸˡƫƫҾˣ۵ķҪҡҪɻ£ҲֻиŸɻ£ô꣬ίˡ
ϣûʲôίûңˡûңôɱȫҵĳˡĽݾѾˡ
㲻ǷҵģԺ㻹ҵԼϲȥɡĽݻۣǲϵӿѪֻٰһ£ȥС˵˵ҶԲ
Ҫ˵ֱӸ˵ֺαػҪת档СδɽߵĽݻվס
ֻǾû㡣ĽݻתͷСΣ֮ǰټһ棬һǺܸˡ
СɫӵؿҪ˵ʲôڻû˵ڣֻؿڶĽݻ
ĽݻһСεһκ
СΣͻȻЦˣСΣҺõû㡣ȻңҲҪұȥˣȥɱˣֻһĵĽСΣڵСˡá
ĽݻСһۣۣСΣ߰ɡ
СĿĽݻһۣתһһ뿪
ԶлȻվСΡ
СлȻ߹ȥĻ߰ɡ
лȻ˸СεͷٿĽݻһۣתСɽȥ
СκлȻԶ֮Ľݻﵹ˱裬ȥ
ĽݾߵĽݻǰڵء
Ľݻ΢ЦˣллһֱûңҲҪⱭ裬ȰҹӲдļȥǶҵġ
Ľݻ˵˵ţ΢ȥۡ
ڵصĽݾһһ䵽ϡ
ĽݻˣҹĽݾʬ壬˵ڻ֮£Ȼ뿪˷ɽ
Ľݾ뿪ǰһֻ˵ϣһۣͷҲصˡ
ТȥֻһƤᡣ
չһŮͼ
Т룬óˮһˮٰˮ絽һŮͼϡ
ȻһŮͼͱһͼ
ŮͼӦþˡТͼҿ
л½ӹͼ˿ȻаŵĹŲףˡ
лһ˵ţһһ֣еͼӵԶĻ֮С
ТŰһŮͼҲ˹ȥ
񹦣ȥһƤ
ǰʵҲѾ˵ˡǾƤһȻǲϣƤؼ
ഫ
ۣԭǴ˵е񹦰ФɽƤ档
лδƤ˵ֹ˱ĵش棬޶Уǲе
ТлӹƤֹʺҼСˡ
ФЦϣƤһ£ƤȥǮ
ʦáЦ̾˫˫űʾͬ
˿۾Ԫεһʱˡ
Цȷʵϵģл¾ȻҲʾͬ
һɻ۹Ͷл¡
лһЦθĽݻսЦЦѾ̫ͷˡҪ֪䵽Уǻаӹ𣿡
˻Ȼ³׳ʱӳȥɢҵעǷǳǳġ
ТŲʺϳ棬ȥҳæ
ȵТƤϵʱһŵӡ
ȷҪңϸϸоƤ۾Ƥȥˡ
Тͷȷȷʵʵ㣬ġ
ʲô̧ͷؿТ
ТһЦ֣㾡ܷģ϶θڡ
ТָָƤǰ֮;İаıԣ׳ȥúõΣһ½ðѶþ춯˾֪
ȷɵĿТ
Тͷȷ
üЦ֣㾡ܷģҿǱֻ֤Ҫ䵽һúõġ
ָָƤ֣㿪۰ɡ
Тҡͷ۵»ֲ
Тÿһһָ֣񹦵ļ۸ø̸
˳ТָķȥĵФЦЦ
̺ˡ
ˣһҪȥˡ
Тų֣֣ƤȥʦҼСӽȥɡ
ۺ᣺֣ϴħ̵ıˣͷӲడ
Тҡͷ֣ģؼôĶǿ϶Ǹӵģûûϵġ
ɫҰˡ
Тͬİο֣£ҪʵһòǮծҲǿԵġԺҸ¼øļ۸ٸԼˡ
ˡǮծȻҪ⳥ʲô

һҵּۻۣҰǷһţƤȥˡ
ȵ뿪һֱһߵһӵϣǷ
һƽ𣡣Фɽ̾ˡ
һ֮ڻ壬һ꣬һڱҪΪūϢô򲻻ڡл̲סͬؿ˿ȻȥıӰ

ڶһ磬ӵܷţԲݲӹĳѵ
ҼǵãҪŬ׬Ǯ࣬ٱ۸ߺΪţ׬ǮҪŬ
˯ĳΪ۾ôˣǲϳԴҩˣ
ڵ˵ͷӰҹߣҩȥˡ
ΪТֶΣ̲ס˸ССĶ£˹ͬؿ¿ĭɵҪŬ׬ǮĳÿҩԵԴˡ
ϣ˼ĸ̸ʣµΧһȦ䱸
߰˸˼óƤǿ
̣ΧһȦﴫֹ
˾С
ร˾̾
찡ųС
ﰡ ˾л͵ġ
飡ΪݻԼΣһͷײϴ㿴۲ۡ

죬ͳͳٸҽˣʹԼĶ䡣
ͺˣбҪһĶ
̼죬ƻõųƤ
磬Խҿ𣿡Ϊ硯üܵγ
磬Ƚҿˡ۽Ƥ
ܽհһ𣿡ʮһգգﶼֻһƤˡ
ǲüջƤȰƤϵݳһ˷һݡҪ룬ôܰƤһƽ𡣡
ʮŵͷһƽȻ࣬ܳһ񹦵ڽϻǲٵġ
ҡͷֻǰŰ񹦽ȥһƽ𣬺žͱ˼Ҹˡĺöʲô˵õ˶ϣñ֪ġ
Ǿ͵飬ڽѶϵǳϢӣѡطڰó۸ߵá
ҡͷ档
˽ĬԳ˵ǲΣ¶ǲġ
ΪԣǾڽѶϵǳϢӣѡطҵؼĵͼ۸ߵá
˫һááǳؼصٻģģ岻ĵͼǧҵؼٿʼһǧһؼŻѪ
˽Ժ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
Цٹϰٰ꣬ؼ۵ʮһҪؼɸײһͨĶ书͸ôҶѧһҶʼѧ񹦣ЩɴһǻԲССɻᳬǡҲãѹжнû뵽ҳȻ˴ͣƶĽԼԼʵ̫ΰˣ
˸ȷǺΰûڣҵӶܹøȡ

֮ʮͬĵطͬһʱ䣬ʮŵͼ˳ȥÿŵļ۸ʮʮӲȡ
һηˡ´̽ʲôЩͼЩ˳ֹĵطΪصɵڵߵѰһһ顣
ְ֮󣬱Ųڸġؼ׷׶ҵˡ
Щҵؼ˻⣬ͱݵķϿʼ˶һǧһġؼһȻ͸ҵһģһ
̾ͼģѪˡ



 225 


һǧһġؼûȵʱһĿϢ˳ɽׯĶүҪˣȢŵ
ʱһҵĿˮս
ϢǺ˵˵˼аյصŵҼǸܿε꣬ôܻᱻɽׯүȢء
Ҳô˵ģϢǺ˵ֻˣ˵ˡŵҪȢɽׯĶСš
ô˵ôɽׯĶүҪȢŵǶ߲һֱһŮĪٶǸŮʼˣ
ҲģǶϹ˵ҸǣǸΪľŮɽׯĶүТ
ֻϧܵ˴һµıӣôܣǺ˵˵
˵˵ˡ˼ˣǻǵǸĪСܱܲסһŮλõĶľĽǽһŮλȻĪСġһЩĪС겻ܱסһŮλõ˾Ͳˣϡȥۣ˵Ҷ߸ŵǸŮôһŮλûĪСģ˵²㽫ǵҶˣ֤Ǹ˵еŮҶ٣ġ
ϧ˻ǰŰɣ𣿡
ǡҵֵܵʱȴڳġ
׼϶ŪˣȢҶС㡣ĳ˼ּ
ûС㣬ֻүҲеģǲܳףϢ󴫡ĳ˸ּ
ôͲءÿȴǸŮģҶٳüȴǸеģϢûҶҪȢĳŭˡ
˵
СӲź˵
ǶǺ˵˵˵Ĳġ

һֳ⼸˱Ѿһˡ

ЦТ׵һ죬ΪɽׯŸĽݻЦĳߣüΪˣϳǡ
һ磬Тһϲϣ뿪ɽׯȥЦĸӭЦϻΡ
;˸ΪϸĶТͣ
ȵТԶˣ㿪ʼཻͷС
ô£ôɷǸǸĪۻˣ˿ʼĨ۾ 
ûۻҲøղϵǸǸǸټƯ˺ܿ϶ؽӿڡ
ô£ŵӭȢҵĶС𣿸ղǸŮô£ȫˡ
֪ʲôղǸ١˵ķԱ˺־һͬˡ
ȵТЦӭϻΣ緢ĻɽׯʱһޱεŻΣ޲óȥŵĵʲôˡ
мʵǰ಻˺ģʹ˼ɫͻȻһ˳ȥֱŻη˶ȥ
Ȼ˱˸ŽɾͰ߷ˡ
ٸţ˱㿴ϵТɫƵĳű߷ɵǼ˻˻֣Ǽ˾ĪĿʼЦ
˿Цӽ̽ͷƿͷ˿Ǽˣֺܿ˻ȥ
̶̵һ˲Ѿôˡ
пЦĽݻս̴ȻŮװͿۣ֬Ůˣǵŵ
ڳȥЦĽݻսģҲ׷׿ڱʾǸŵ
϶Цӵ˿ʼɻЦΪʲôŮװʱһŮ˷ܵĵ
ԭô¡ѹִɷǸŮģԭŮŮװɣȥӭȢеĴŮװɵﰡ˼ر𰡣
ϸϸһƷŮĻʱüеȻǺررĻ񰡣
ӭȢҶС˵ȷġֻΪеİŮİɣŴҶҪȢŵ˵
ҶС˺ÿŮ˸ƯŮѾ˷ܵòˣʦ֣ǳ׵ʱҲҪҪɣ
λֵʦĬȻˡʦãҲ͵ģ̫㣬Ů˿ǲܿġ
Ůһ̴󷢽˼Ҳܣ˼ҾҪɣҪ˼Ұ
ʦˣʦãҰɡ
Ͳ˼ҡŮСȭƴ׳ʦֵؿڣ㿴˼Ϊİ˾ͿϰģҪǲϰ˼ҾͲҪˡ˵㵽ǰ绹ǲ磿
׳ˡеĻں޼ֱԱ¸¾ȢİСʦùˣԼΪʲôһʱԴء
һ뵽ŵԼŮ˴żڽ׳־ͷһ¡
ڳŮУиղǸŮ뷨Ļ治
Դ磬˼ҳ׵ʱҲѧС㡭
㲻Ȣ͸ᣬҪǿڻӭȢͬ޸㡭

ڳڶ˵ﶼҪЦǻС뷨
ļеһˣһƬУС΢ǶˣǸ٣еģǸŮġ
΢Ҽˡ
ڼС

ϣ˹ƹһЩЩТ·Ȳĳ嵽ߣҿЦͷϵĸͷ
СӣƯТԵؿһµЦ
Ц񿴵Щ˼΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ТЦסĴ
һ֮ТòδͷЦ촽Ц糺졣
СӣһֵǧǾͲҪ˷ʱˡТ˿̵ЦݿЦǾֻ ݡ
Тɫ ԵЦӣΪΪ¡
Т֡
Цˡ
ТָЦ½󡭡
ЦŵҴˡ
Т׼ҪЦˡ
űƿˡ
ЦɿƿТ
ТŭתͷȴлΣФɽͳվſڡ
лȽСʦܣ̫ļˣǻûֹء
ǵѾˡТıɭ
ڶ߽һذףֻˣҰذ״ŷﲦҲͺˡ
ТЦֻ鲻ƣ˵ɱҲףֻҰذͱҲͺˡ
˿ЦֶؿɲҶģ֮Ҳòǲǡ
ТΣ̫áҪǸҵСӶͳͳӳȥ
ФɽƼЦ߹ʵҲֵģ꽻ƣǾߡЦ˾ƣ벻ҲУȻᱻġ
̫ˡТֱˡСӺ˾ƾͻý׷˿˾ͻ˯Ķҹ군ˡ
ǽưһҪȵġл״ε̯̯֣ФɽӹƱֱЦТȸѱľƺһ룬Ȼ˽Ӱʣµľƺꡣ
Ҷһ㣬СٺһвУТžƱּۻۣһ֮ɫ
СлδӦøɴࡣ
ТƱһ˴뱭ֻڱһ㡣
ЦƱһڡ
˽˾Ʊ԰ѶԷеľƺȾ
ˣ߰ɡлתܡŲҪЦ׷ſ
Сʦܣһֵǧǧ˷ʱ䣬СӣܳȥФɽϴα书ҪܶЦ׷ſʱӦѾúܳˣЦ书нչԼǶ֡
Фɽлһˣٶֻѷһѡ
ȻԣۼФɽлܵô죬¶ʱʮֲҲŷɱȥˡ
СӡТݵؿЦԾõĶҹѵôˣ
Цû죬ȥϷŵľƱ
СӡТˣϲؿЦǾûȥ
ЦͷȥþƱﺬŵľ»ؾƱ
Тϲذס֣СӣǽƣµҰȵͺˡ
ТϴסЦ
˺һТɿЦĴԼ촽СӣҺȹúȵľˡ
ТͨЦһ£СӣôûѾƺȥǲҲһöҹء
Цո֮ǰҺȽֻҪӾУĺȥ
ȻǼһһʵ̫ϸˣТޱȸж¾;Ҫ̾챧Ů
Тɿĳ嵽űߣĨЩҩۣŹϣţٰƵűߵס
˭ң
Тɱشߣֿʼɫ Ե ЦӣΪΪ°ɡ
Тһ֡
Ц⿪ˡ
Цϲˡ
ЦҲˡ
Цֻʣ¶ǶˣТ΢΢֡
ɾʱЦͻȻְס죬ɲ羰Ĵ˸Ƿñ˯ˡ
δ䣬ЦѾۣͷһᣬТ˯ˡ
Тˡ
СʲôȻǾ˵㣬Ҳﺬһ¾ͻɣ
ⱯҵĶҹ
ΪֻǰѾƺûкȥСֱ˯ˣûбŽȥˡܻǲеҡ
Т̾һε˯ЦĶͷŵϣϱӣȻԼҲ˱
ТЦ졣
ТıЦƵĶЦϺŵζ
ЦƽȵĺТ˯ҲӿˣҹǷźˡҪһһӣҹƳһ죬ҲûϵüǵһҪģҿǾԲͬġ
˯еЦ˶ʶͷеТؿڣסֱۡ
ТͻȻúҸЦͷøۣЦһͬ˯ȥˡ
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