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01ͻ

ʮ꣬ϳ󽫾
ԣһֱԺл֮ȥӰѻԴֻʮʱ򣬸ˡ
׵˸޷ȴʹ⣬۵Ĵͻ顣
һգۼ糯ٹپءͷٺȵţ
һ˴ӰӦ¹
ݹ֮˵ҹǬ󣬼ڱϼ֮䣬ʲǣԤʾҳ½Ʋ⣬֮ӣ콵Ͳűʾ
˵꣬ʵߵ̫һЦ˾˵ü
֮մã޵°ȻҹȷһΣμմĴ󽫾䡣
ſʼ׷˼뻸һʱļ£ڳ޲пԻĹеʹϧ
һݵ˵뻸䲢ýɽȴ޶ȥÿÿܲź
ȻƬ̣ʵ֪°˵֮кιϵ
¹ƣӴݵشͬʱҲɣ磬Ĳȴ뻸йأݳĴƲ⣬Ͳ˱ضǻ֮ӡ
ԭˣ﷢һ⣬źֻһӣ޲δۼ֪ѧΣɷƵͲţ
¹һ彫ȫš뻢Ȯӣ仸СղףīϰϺβһԣ躣
۵ͷگʥԡ
ʱТʮΡΡʹܳȲߵǰع£۰һݣ֮󾹲
һ̫״æȥӦγʡһֲüϸģȴ޶ԣݺݵص̫һۡۼˣͷȥ۾ѾЩ֮ɫ
־ãŴȥƽգᷳĸо
̧ͷֱۣȻãصҪĲѧ黭ʫʸ踳ѡһ
һ۵˫ۣﲻֵصȫᣬˡѴ
ԭһ̫ϲϰߣ۶˭˵ʱϲ˼ҵ۾һ˶ûڡ
ôĵӣд󳼵ͺһ
ҿּȫ޲һ׵ϣѹסŭ˵׶ѧЩʲôÿԪѫĶӣܲܲѧɣ
ݵشѧϰա
۱ģ˵ЩЩݵͼཱི֮£ý֮Ӧѧģ
ѧֹڴˣûйĽ͡
۾ʱͣþòʹһˣȥɣ
Ӧתߡ
ʱ¹ϽԭΪ丸ӣӦøһ˫ȫ̫˵˸֮󣬱һ͡Һʱѱ׷Ρ
ߺһʧ䣬޴ƴȴûһöӸ鹣λ䣬֪а취ﻸ䣿
ʱʷ࣬ة̺㵱ƳһۡڳУԵֵ˻ЩԼֻݵһʹΪ֮ġ
۴ãʵ뽲
ȻţֻҪҵһŵ¼汸ı䣬Ӵԣ̤;
Ѱ˼ͷ˵˵ֻǣҪһʱȥһǲŵ¼汸ŵԵŮӣ
ѵˣǰʱةƼԼŮ˵ŮѧˣڹгԱȲļл蹵ģʫϿ
ۻȻ𣬡ѣ޾ˡ
̺Ѿƥ㲻ú
ԭƼԼŮΪ̫ѡһ£ֻǵʱͻȻı⣬˵̫л٣Ҫȹ֮¡ʱ񾹰¸˳ǲ뿴ԼŮΪ̫ô
˿һ۶裬ǸղǰıֻãٻΪŮ޸һٻҲزȱġ»Ǹʲôˣ̺Ѿ˸סȻȥĸף۲ΪΪʱվˣǵҵѹʹ
޲ѧƾƾʿûпܵˡЦǣЩݵͼཱིѧϰֱ̫񻰣Ϊһ档
ţĿѾ䵽̺ϣ˵޶˲̰䰮Ůʲôˣ̰档
̺вޣϡ
۵ͷ޼ǵò̰ʸ޿ʫȻݹд֮磬ζ
̺лޣֻСŮŮٵʣʵߵǴ֮á
͵͵غЦһԲ̺˵ûмǴĻճʫ֮ʱةɲ˵İ
̺ƿԣۿ
̰䲻عǫŮ֮ʹּȥ㽫ŮΪޣŮ֮ŮŮ֮պҪظú·򣡡
ӽԣ˻һͲ޵Ļ¾㶨


02
̺Ʋֵذʥּظϡ
ʱĲռʮ꣬Ҳ֪ǺҲһʱûнϡֻǵĸΪ˶üͷʱ򣬲ظоⲢǼʲô¡ȴɻ󣬶Ը˵ŮҪ޳ȥģʥּͻ飬Ǹҫ
̺㸧Ůͷ̾ϧɷѿĹŮϣԳΪ̫ʺĸµģȴͻȻɱɶĻǸʷƥһЩֶˡ
ѽѩ֪պ˸ͨīķⱲӿô
޴Ӹ޿κεж˸УԼҲŸ˸Уڸ׵Ļػһ
س֮󣬻׵仰Ϊλ˸С
ĸŹʥּûмϲҲûмһĲˡתͿĸЦ֪Ϊ¸еˡ
ϻʵۣûȥ˵ɷ򡣡ͷѽϸ˸Ưϱϲϲ
ûпĸ׵۾˵
ЦЦ㳤֮Ȼͻϲġ
ĺܹ㳤ȴΪԸоɻϲáһֱ룬ԺһҪһ븸ȫһˡ֪˶֮ĸһΪһɨݣĺȷʵҪ£ʲô鶼ġֻ븸ܹһֱԼߣȴˡ
ڸ׺۵һɲǣŸ׵۾еһο˵۾û˵ĳ嶯һ˫Ѿر˵۾
죬Ŀһɱ
ǰлĸۡȻ޺֮졣ܶ˱׼ѪܵԴڵϴֱֱصһ˫˫ŭۣ˶ϱϡѪɺӣ֮ӿƽһοѪȵĳ棬ŵòʧ˻ǡ
ƽϢ֮ۿʼڽջرȨԵ޹ʱﳭҵ佫಻ʤĬ룬׵ĹλЩÿһ˶ҪߣڻţҲһø촦³ôͷһһµ⣬ΪԵ޹ʵľأ
Ǹ˵ȫ̫ҽƸǵùֲģǣʲôֲΪʲô˹ֲһ׳ôһƭˣȫƭˣʼ뵽ǰһϣĳطԸպһҪúö飬ȡҪһ赶ŪǹĽ
ȦתȴڽԶԸȥ
ÿÿѰ˼󶼻õһǳµĴ𰸣һҲͬʹԼĽ̫ˣȥһĸףĸ׶֪һеġ¶ҪŪס
Ҫ߿ʱͻȻײһ¡
һŮӣʮҵŮӣֻԼһ㡣һͷҷŻţײ֮󣬲ʹȥ۾￴ʲô뽫ڰյɱһУͻȻ֮ģĬÿȥ·
ʧɾȣ˵ĸмһʱ⵽ϻѣٲ³ݡҲ룬ͽϵǮŮӵС˵Ŀӣضһ󣬱㶼Ѿؼס˶Էס
룬ֽŵҲժŮӵ˹ȥ
ֻп˰ΣĿһ档ؿţͻȻʧ룬˻ȥɣᱻϳġ
һνţǸ׵˻ҲϷŹ
Ҫ£ҸȫĵطϽˣܻǮͻǮţ϶ЩǮûлġ
ŮǼֲҪǴѳ壬˹ӣ
ͻȻһǰ׷ٱŮӴʧɫס˵ߣȥɱˡ
ŮӴһȴҲҾ˵Ӵٱתˡ
嵽ٱǰৡৡͰǶɱˡ
ٱɱٸܲܣɱٱȴǿԪѫ֮ӣʶץˣȵ̲ȥ档
һԼȥһӹٲţ˻ǲҽȥֻڸء
ĸף赭д˵ոɱٲ
ϴ󾪣ָѽ㿴ɵʲô£㾹Ȼѧɱˣ
šһʾǵģѧɱˡŲصҪѧɱ˵ûʲôѵġ
һϲŭǴҪﰡʱӲſҪúˣȴ߷ˣ
ôģͻȻһʡ
һ̫ҽ˵ǵùֲġ
ǵõʲôֲ
ϵ̫ҽû˵ô֪Ժͱˣ֪𣿡
̫ҽҲ֪ʲôֲֲ֪־ͽ߸
ϴ󾪣æǰϵضסʵ㲻ҪôﲻҪôģΨһĹѪֻҪúõػšһ٣˺Ъغһ㻹Ļ
ָ׵ĸױԼҪʹٱĵﲻɵӿ˻⣬Ӧʹġ򲻸á֣ԴӸ֮ĸͻȻࡣ첻ϲģЦһЦϼѡ
һǿסûп޳˵ԲǺТģԺҲˡ
ĨᣬӵĻʹеЩοתҡãһƷ˵ĳŽͽƣڼٳȥҴǻҵһͻһġ˵⼸䣬ȻܼҼ˽
˲ˣ²ˣ
ϵͷȵұ죡ҲòŻŵġ
ܼʵ˵ʲô£
ܼһع˵̲˰Χˣ
ϵġšһԹܼҵˡתﵽſڿ˭ҴץҶӡ
Ĺ̲»ϣڽǰȥȴҲҴץˣһϮ˳æǰҾˡ
źһص˸վӬ۵ͷˡ
ó»Ϻòζ룬һضҪȥˣһұץˣҺΣתȥ
Ҳо鷳һֱԼſţԼֻôŶӽȥʵˡһֵ̫û˭Ҵһɱ˷ʵǰҪˡģ˵ϻʵۻ᲻ءţȻǰʻһ
˾ة̺㡣
̺ҲƳ»һֱۣߵϸǰҾ˵Ҫ
˿ӦţֻȺӬ˷Ĳ¡
̺˾ܾȥҲĳ˿ţʲôĲӬɲ
ôһ䣬Ϸˡ
ԭ²ţ´ǧ󽫾֮ɱˣƬ̼ѴǡʱĲѾδζʲôϢ֮ⲻ˵£ȥ
˵̺δŮûʲôøУʥּɽԼŮպܹҪӵģʱ̲ץȥҲȻǣ̲»ʷһɵˣ˸ԼŮǰ˹ѸôܹԹۡ
ų»Ҳ޻ֻǾþòǰԼ񣬱ǺգתصӵһߣѲŰҲ˵ùȥ޲ѧҲѧ˼Ұ֪ʲô߳ô
ȴߡһһ仰Ҳ˵תˡ
д̺͵͵һ䣬תƳ»͵͵طЦ


03
ϴӹ֮ɱ˵˸׷
ֻһ£ѼסлءúûǲãûٱץסȴֲҴĵȥ̽±ĸ֪˱ػ֡ɴ֣ʳζ޲ֻ֪Ĳ֣ȴδ¡뵽̼ҴСĻڻһʱ䣬⣬öӹÿһЩ
˴ʿȴǸ׹Ůˡǰղةӣ¶˼ֻϲ֪СȫĲŮʵմͣǸ֪Ĺ˶˵Ȣ˹̶ܽתءö԰лΪɣ̸˼ո档һ֮ϲĵͶЩ˼Ͳûɵˡ
ΣǲӦȥ˵¼ȶȢǳ£ûҪʱܵ˼ȥЦϵȻûʲôЦȷ˵ﻰղŸԼſڸδһءĸ׶Դ²֪֪ˣݺѵһپʹˡ
ʵԲ̺㲢ֻ׮ܾ͡ϻʵΪԼĸףﲻܰһЩպٰĵȥɱ¾кպսȨ
лһĲҰӼᶨһ㡣
վ֮ӸãҪһ̤ࡣ֪̺ãͽ˸Ȱϲ̼ȥлһֻ취ؾԼĸףȴǷЩƽһԺֵľѡ
øǾķӣ곤һꡣո˸ʿֻ볯ְһӵ֪֡Сò˫ȫѵһľ˶ȻѾһʥּδӣҲԼĽѾãûһҲȤͶȰʵΪһ˽ġĸģö˼ҷƢֻĴӦ
ϸ֮æȥฮϰ
޴Ӹ֪վҪŰݷãϸϸšһֱйδԣ˵ŵѧʮӵҩɾȡңʵǰ·ɱٲֵǷꡣɵǰ˵Ǿ仰Ⱳӿô
лԱȡȴұˣлвѧȴҲֻεؼ޸Լ۵֮ʱϴĲˣ常лǰƢɲøлһĽֻ֣챣ӣ»ֻҪǸһӾͺˡʲôòűȳ˼ĺѲ롣
ҪԼмԷһ棬ܱûʱҪáĺһҲǴӴǷ˼ѡ
գ岻ǰûͷ¶Ĵҹ㣬׾ܹʱԥһ¡һʵԼĸΪΪֶ
˼񣬸ƺ˺⡣ˣ޲ɵ˿
ԭɲ˵ôҲϲ
ǰһЦĵеˡȴָӲҳȥһ̵úܿ졣游˵ֶյãɴϷһͣ
һҪʫţǽš
϶˵֮˾ǻȴ֪ԭǸޡվڸ޵󣬾ģδһԡ
̺Ƴ£ŭɵŸ޵÷Ҫһ󣬸ɫȴһ㶼⣬ҲԵþнζذһֻƵɫ壬˾еѲ̺͸һߡ
ϵʱޱضĳ͵ŪԼĲѧ˵򲻸ҵģ׾һףƽΪ˼öˣ䣬ȴԼҲģֳֻĿ
ֶ̺¼޷벻Ҫȶ֮۵ġ˵꣬ͽ˱ī
˳˳ʣһ̬֮漴ӱͣԳʵ̺㿴
޽סҿһС͵͵ؿ˳ȥǱã䲻ȴҲʧӢӱʫʱǷȣǡ룬ٿʫΡ
̺չһ飬صͷ˵˱ʹôǲףǼֶǻǫˡ
Լ뷨һʫȻǾӱǰ˼Ʋ̫ϣһԹӽƾʫ˵дţҲȥɣ˵һǴܵĿĸ֣ۡ
ӯӯһЦ󵨵˳ȥӭŸһ񡣡
һò̺⧲Ÿ˵һ䡰񡱵ʱѾп಻ѡ³ɳˣ
ʱ˳סǰ˶Сģüƺ筴ݽףԶԶ͸оѾ˹ȥȴǻĵײɵӿͶʼɡôһƫƫ˻ӡ治۾
޻䣬ȻڸһӦƳԼһ֪ۡģʹоһ˿ҡٿףɫѿظо²áԴһǸӣαȸҪӢΰöֻ࣬һ˫۾һĮȻǾǧ֮⡣
޺ڻԼعæóλãվұߡǶ˵ˣŵߵ̺ǰһҾݵةˡ
޽ס͵͵ؽһ׺͸޵Ŀ⣬ǲ
̺㲻һ֮֮ϵة࣬ȻѿҲӰ첻ݵӦԡ
˵ѵϽһô
룬һ仰Դ𣬱㲻˵
ֵ̺Ϊζߣ˰죬һ㻹ΪҴſ̫
˵ĸ׷Ըة˰л˵꣬Ų̺һҾ˵лة˵վ֮
š̺˵࣬㵹Т˳ȵķԸ¾Ͳǲǣ
ĸѾΣҪة˰лֻҲ£Ծֻˡ
Ͱһۣ֣ô˵㲻ӣҲù˼δɣ
֣û˵
޼仰ѾĿɿڴ쵽׸ӵ뼰ոԼĳֲҳԭ˼Ҷû˵δķķŵĿˡ
̺ŭ˵ɱˣл⣿
ûСһ㶼ɡ
̺ộҲڻˣʣôԵȥĸף
𣬵۾ȴҲŭ
̺㲻죬˵󽫾һս£ս޲ˣķйҲηȴһ֮ӣȪ֮¡
ˣͻȻŭһڳ˶һֻɺۣŲ̺˵˵Ҹף㲻ʵӶ˵ת翪󲽡
޿˿̺㸸Ů̾һһ˦׷ȥฮſӰȴѾȥ
޽֡

һˡ


04Ժ
Ÿףû⡣
̺㰲οⲻĹҪˡ
һİɥ˵ǣҲãŪûŪðȻ˳һӡŸɵ˻ȥҵԼҲҪ
̺ղҲģ㲻Ҳƽľظ㽲͵һѵɡԺ˹ȥҪ½źãвڼһ°ڳฮǧļʱͲֻʮ꣬͸ٹǰȻΥʥּ˵ةˣǲġ
ףŮǵġ
Ҫȥʱ̺ȻסʵҪҪ£
޼Ǹ¼µʫߵˣŮҪЩͻظ˰ɡ
̺ص˵ͷ˵ҵĺŮҪʱ̵ļסǻմ͵ĲŮպķ㲻ãҲаܵµͷ˶٣˵ĸ׻󽫾ΪǾصģҲгһŷ֮¡
仰ȴ˵Щˡ
ԭող̺ŮӯӯʱĵѾǡֻǶǰɣȴҲȫģųһԡ
һǿ˼֮ˣĪ˵Ը޵ĸоֻǡۡѣаĽҲ¶һְֻĥɱСܹĸ߼ʱʱ̵̿ظԼһŮӶԣڡۺʱҪҪġ
뻸ͬĵط
صػصУţ޳ĸо
֮ǰһֱĵͻȻòҪĵǣպ˻飬ĶԴԼһҲǲ
ԽӰԽ
˫ǧ۾˾ηĶӢȴʱֹ֮ͣӢϮˡﲢ࣬䶼еؼӲ˵黰ίĻòʣȷнź֮磬һ˼ӵġ룬ǻܶһ㣬Լͻᰮˡ
ƫƫ䣬ȥӡŵһμԼѾʧȥе
һ£Լļ֮仹ж̶̵£ĲɵóΪֹԼƺû˹ˣԼƽİȫɵȥأѵǸղűһƳõȻ޴ô
ղ޵ңûҹ
ฮ֪Ҫ׷ְŪ˾ݺݵسһޣ޾׷
ղŲ޶Ըʱˣȴز֪Ϊ˿˳û뵽Ϊ޶Ȼ˶Ѿǰ飬ȴһֱûеµġ㵽ʱİȢ˻ؼңҲֻǴӴһԼ˰ˡ
֪ǲò˫ȫŮӣһòȷѵãѸԵùߵġѧȥܣѾ֪ʮֿԼġ㿴ڱ󿴲һ˶ȥˣƽһֵǰ﹫ӸһǴĵ￴ҵģЦЦǶǼٵġ
˵ɣҪǰŪԼѧģÿüʫҪϡҲϰߣʵ֮ǰŪīĵûԼ֡Ŷ˵Լ׾Ͳ˾Ҳ˵°졣
ţһ񾹷·лصӰԼǰιȴٿعһӡϽ׷ȥȴ·ӵͷȻһ¸ǽΨһϣֻԱߵСϡ
Ÿ߲˳ߣϾɲľţ֮ӣѾѷ
ǰͻȻ֨žͿˡȴ߳İϸˣĨһۣ֬ﶼë
һ˫СС۾תȦֹͣȥҪץıһʱ˵λӺƫ鹶˳Ƶض̵ùӾˣҴӵùӿò
ëȻ˿˼Ǹ˺
ȴģǲ֪ذȥ쾡˫Ҫסռ̧һž˴˹ȥ˵߳ˤڣڵǵĺʹþöˡ
ŭĿֵһ£ŵʧƴӡ
еʧԼһǶ̫ԲŻҴҿһƵӰ͵
ôܻھأɱķӦôĵطӦߵԶԶġ·һԼܱӣܺúʲô¶˳һֻΪģԼҸعһӡ
Ƹʧ䣬ìء֪һӣɷ񻹻ǵأǿʱ׿ڶҪȥǮȴܰߡػһǿܸоůϢ
ۣʱѾŲ̫ʵա˿תǣҪʱȻһӣ
ϤĸоײͷתѾȷ
лظղڴǸ渾˵ʱ򣬻ԥȥáȻеһԱոħצһǱײʱԱֻк¶ѡĲȫԵǰĴֻ֪ܰԼʲôط
ͷȥȴԼʱѾȥס˷ܵؽеԭûߣ̫ˣһΪⱲӶء
ͬʱһ¡ֻһ֮ԵֻǵʱӵһɲǶס˶Էģط꾹ֵҡѵԵ֣һôʱص۾
֮Եе˼һҪſأȴرýоԼǰʪʪģȵġԭͿ˳
Ϊʲôûߣһ䡣
̧ۣĺ˵ҲҪߣңϴһ𣿡
صͷϲЦ˳˵ԣ֮á
Ļһ֮ȻĹ£ԺţŻŵذŹˡ˵ɣﲻ˵ĵط
뿪ԺӣٵһѷžСݡֹţ˿˵ɣҺ㡣
ҲǣЩʱúô
ֻǵͷ˵ֱһѪѾȥһ£ʵ۲ۣ
ҡͷֻ˵ˡ
ǱӴģңʲô˸ɵģ
رͷȥƬ̲˵Ҳʶǡ
ϧ§˵ԺڣͲ˸۸ˣйٱ׷Ҳɱ˵ġ
Դϲ뵽ɱ˾Լ龰һů˵ɣҵĸĸˣһҪұ𣬺ô
룬˵ҴӦ㣬һ㱨ģĺˡ
ˣĺů
ͷ˵ʲôģǣɱʵ۲򵥣Ҫٴӳô
ص˵ͷһһȵġ
Ķͷһ¡
Ц
Ȼʵʲôطôס
һ£˵Ǹһɲݼң˶ܺãҡҲǼõġ
ɣɲݣǸոմȥǸ˭
شֻǿ˵˾䣬ǹŵھӣܷһϸҲҪġ
ȻץֵأҪƭң㸸׵ĲҲѱôǵݻ㣿ңϵ½űģҿó˵˵˭
ز˵Բ˵ġ˵ˣҲҲԼˣΪĸ
ǼػرƱ˵Ŀ⡣
һ׷һ㣬˺һ̲סˣᱧ˵ҵԺߣҵҪһ˭ôݶĴ㣬ȴҸҡ
ҪһߺɣɣЩ
УһҪ֪˭㡣
˵۾ͻȻϸϡ漴üͷؽһѽ§Լ죬ɵáؾһȻ˺ۣǱϵǼֳкܶǱСضü˴̵ıӳġһŮӣܵסֲ״˺һʹ
˰ΣŸϽԼ·һֻץýģĿ⿿϶ʱްѪɫ㣬Ҫٱ˵Һܺ¡
㲻£ֻҪ֪˭㣬ǶȨƵˣǻʵҲˣ
Ѿӵ
ʲôȨƵˣֻǺһ֪ҵͻӴ˶Ըˡ˵ҲҪЩɣֻܹÿ춼㣬㶼һ˭ָ˭ʹӦңҪٱ˵˺𣿡
ӲĿధ󣬿ȴٴܵ˺һʱ侹֪Ǻá˵ڸߣô
صܴȥģ
Ҵؼҡ
УؾǴ֮ҲصҪܵǣİ
ҲŲ£һܻԸһҲǺõġ
Լǲ£㻹ĸףδŵӡǿ϶ġޱ۴ͻһʱ䶯ȫǣл᲻֪Լòζ˼δӣʲôˣƾʲôؼң󻹲ҪôԣԲԵġ
˵ޣߣҲŲùھ͸ߣ𣿡
غȻص㲻ùҲùôողŴӦҪұھͳ£㻹ܲܰ쵽㲻Ҫ˵ĻǺҵġ
ҡȷʵΣ˵ҪĸԼͲ¡
֪˵Ļ˵ɣʵ㲻Ϊҵģһչ˵úԼġ
ҵģ˵һˣۣ
ұ֤ԺҲµ˺ˣܸ÷˰ɣ
ɵ𣿱Ҫ㣬һŮӣˣ
ⶼѾȥˣסĶҺܺõģǸողŵס㲻ҪǱ򡣡
۾֪û˵滰ûжӭĿһЦңǲҳú
˿롣ͷţȷͿʼоԼúܿ죬صĴϢȴûԥ
һ̣Ͻ۾ϣоȵ˫Լķۼǳǳصôһ£۾˿оã۾￴ԼЦݡ
˾޻һѾɳϣҲжࡣʱʱضһ£Цһ£ֶתͷȥ
ʱȻиŮػؽ㣡𣿡
ػŵһ¡
ʵ˭ڽ㲻ǣ
ض˶񣬲ôӦ˵˵СŮа˺ܺõģ׽һĴ
ˣǽ
Ŭ˵˼ֻһһʲô
˵õġƺѾûˣ˵ˡ
ص˺ãɣҪԺ춼ң𣿡
ҵȻ㲻ңҲ춼㣬²£Цˣܶ顣
ظЦŲأֻǣҲҪҡ
ţҲԣô˵Ҳɱ˵ģĿ̫˵ᱻ˸١ǽԺ㣿
صԺӣ˵ֹģû˸ȥԺÿİ㶼ңԻȥ㣬㿴ɺã
˵ţãģֻҪϲʲôãֻǣѵй
֮˵Ҵţйŵ⻵ȺĶǣβȥһȥ𣿿ɼ˱ȹҪµġ
ЦţشеʶҶˡ
صɣ첻Ҫ˵ԶҵĴӢۣΪ˾ңӾͰٱɱٻʮҲҵϻҵˡС壬һֱŵģҺûЩ˸ȥ
˵ţӻȡǿСֵ壬ůů㡣
ҾƴһҲ˶ȥ
˵䣬š֨߹һˡ
һæͷȥ


05
ǽһŮӡһŮȺɻϡ
ϲº͸ղصͬһˡȥأϲ޾ɫŷġ
˵˭㲻žͽˣ
ǸɶµѾͷΪ֪Բ˵ؽġ
ص֪ˣһȡ
Ӧǡͳȥˡ
ϸ˵ĿԵİѰѾʹǵûģأȷʵܺá
ضɣңЩ齻Ȼȥô
˵ͷȴ˵ãұ
ůůһЦ˽ȥֵͷһǵģ۵Ĵ
زŻŵʰʲô¡
ִ˼ֹҪƽȥӿأղ¥Ҳ㣬ͰѿصѾһĶˡ
ͷһ˵ҪҰӿͣҲӵģǴˣôԵɣ
ˡ󵨣һ¸ղźͽһλʲôˣ
صʱ䣬ѵõҳϣǼȻͬˣ˵Ҳ޷·ϾȹһĻӣѾװҰ¼֮£Һˡ
ǽβæ
شĿ˵룿Ҹ֪Ѿ䵽¼ĵزԴӱƽ潼ҵĻӣûȥʲô˵Ĺָ˭˵أ
ֻҪԸһô᲻
ز⣬һôͻ
ڽ㻹Ǵ֮ӸȻͻġ
͵زһ£﷭ǰյһĻմ˳ҵ۶ӣǿϡϡسý֮Ͱ˸Ѿͷ͵͵ؽŪԺһ
ϡʩ֮װϡҪǰȥлܳʱ
򵥶ƽ֮Ҳеϣã˵⵹ģƺҲϴˣֻǣûں
£ôﳼ֮Ůǰĸ¡˵δӣǻʵմ͵ĲŮ֪ѾΪ糾ŮӣҪҸȽϵģʲôȥһةҵǧСȣ
룬ֵ˵ĶеʼղǸ֮ƣһ֪ˣô죿
صҺһ죬ұ㻶ϲһ죬ȵ֪಻ˣұҲûʲô壬һˡ
ɵȻȴ벻취ͷ˼ԼԵõ
ͻȻһʮӵ˹߰˸ūšرվŲʧɫصصǰ֪ⲻҪһٵģúܲܡ
һأƿΪסİƿڴˣ¥ӿǮ㳤ʮɫŸóԺסûҰôЩ죬ǵҺúõ⣬ҪҵĹ͸ˣ˵Ϊʲô˼һ⣿
Ӿ֮ӣ㡣ʮ꣬ǲѧ֮ˣȴŸ׳Ϊ٣о۸աʱҲЩӵҲʶֻǻ·ʶǴӲ˵ġ
˵¥˸¹ɫ㣬Ӹһ㣬ϳӿͣһҪѰƫţʲôŮˣǲȰ裬ӲǴ˽ȴ뻹δ˵ֻĿתضؿһ󣬾ͱ˦һ⡣
صʲôӣֱǸ죬񣬴һ⻹ģ
ˣתе㻹ԼǧС㣿߯ļӣ
صһѾҲö񣡡
𱵱û˵ɻˣߡһǰһͷץס˽㰸һơ
ءˡһڵϣ˫ֲسŵ棬һʱоϥʹþͿҪƵģ̇ͷǰһձƽʱϡͿذݹġ
صݹü񣬾͸֪ԼǸ¼͸ȥǮ
ʹֺһñҲݺݵش㣬Ժôܵס
ظոմӦԺ󲻻µ˺ֽۡҪҲһˣתǰ̡ؿ˺üͷɥ費ҪԺľǡġ
Ӿ֣ǰǴҲǰҧһµģ˵ǹġҵӣôһҪأ˼Ƭ̣׹ˣûвˣлҲ±ġ
ͨȻˣ˵ȥӿͣҵȻͲ㡣
붼ʹӦãģˣôȥͣ޵Щӣϵ˶ˣȻͲˡ
˵ҿԿʮʱ䣬Ҹлˣʱ˺ˣˣʲôУҾͽ򣡡
صҲҵģġ
ôһ䣬Ŵˡ
ŹڵϵлأһʱǰȥͻȻöЩʧԭҲǸ˹¥Ůӣһ켸εĶ򣬲Ųò潼ˡظձʱǳǴģȴӲһߡԾò
Ҫؽӿͣرǽһͷײˣȥ
Ȼ֮ػҪѰŽͽԺסֻſڽЩ˶ţԸ˼Ѿ̺óԺôͬʱҲٲһ춾һΣֻܲסԼ˵ԸӿΪֹ
ĿѾﵽˣ˾ĺҲֻǸͨͨŮӣ֮Ϊ˱¼жľѵȻ޴ˣ֮⡣
ؼò֪ԼĿ˸ı䣬ҲȥκνͣҧҧԼ¥ȥϰûȥͷһѾͷ
ʵأƽʱͷ𣿡
Ѿͷ˵˵ͷۣ̺ؽˡ
ͻȻֻۣողŰѰԼĺýãﻰȴû뵽һ㶼ԼǺڣ˻ı¶Լݣ񲻴ͷ
ʱֻʮ죬Ӧأʱ򲻻ҪȥӿͰɣ뽫밢һ£Ҹ׵İ취ӦԣɰȴԼһʱú
뵽ĺ֪ܺԼľڼȻˣɵֻô룿ңҸôأ
޵ľǸǿϡҵ࣬ʲôȥ֤ҵ֮
ղģžԼĺ¼һ±һµĳס˳̧ͷʱſվţԼޣȴǰٿʱ֪ԭǰ
ʵػһ
ȴص½㣬ʮԺҪӿˣǲǸý軻Щõ֬ˮ۹
ؼʱףǵңҪ˵ЩĻҡʱᣬ˵ֲͨŮӿɱȣǲ֬ˮۣҲдѵĿ˰ݵҵȹ֮£ԾͲˡ
Ӧã¥
ؾøղ˵Ǽ䣬Լġ
ٿȥıӰʱﾹ׹⡣


06
һߡǻһУֿþ᲻
źòӳֱһ쓤סеĲﶼˣΨػУϷſ˼Ҫƴ˺ҧ
ҺǼҲ֮ͽһֳ±ҧԲɵ¡ٿ˵ɫԼ̣ʮֿϧͽ¥
ض㿪صˣԼõĵط
һķʮԺӣӲݴϻ౻ϡõ߹߸סԺһˮӲݰڱסʮмǽѾ̮שɢһأ϶гݡȹ˹ȥһ̧ͷѿ
ϲɱӵԼ˵ҵĺ䣬һ㣬֪жô
˵ܲ뻸ɣֻܵŲò롣
ǿңʲôΪѵģ㶼˵˳ǿһԡ
ֵס촽˵ɣҪʣֻҪÿ춼ڴҾѾˡ
˵ͷðɣֻҪ㿪ģҿȫġ˵סص֣һͤȥͤƾɣȴһʯѰһŽβ٣ְص㿴ϲϲ
ϸһ£ӯӯһЦ
ٳãǰѾµĹ٣ʮֹ֮ؼʪմĺۼԲǸߴӼģǴɡ
ʵģ
ԭԺӵ˵Ϊ¹Űߵģʲ֮ﶼûдȥĹһ죬ſѹ٣һϲԾʵ˳ˡ
صǺ٣ǲ֪ܲࣿ
˵ţٷŵϣִصɨ£Ȫͣңɨ£ԼҲϸƬ̣΢΢Цãٸһϸ
£һһ߿ۼգó˼
һգԵؿԼҲ֪ǽ߻ǻϲ৵غˣֵͷԵЦ
ŵէֹŻعصͷЦе㲻˼̹׵˵㳤Ҷóˡ
»ϲƫͷļϣúṳ̊ʵ
˵ɼȦһҹһҹû˯ðɣңǲΪ̫£
ؽȻ֪Ϊιʣ
ٺһЦ˵׿ڳϣҲŸӿءһѽ˱ڻ˵һ˯ȱ߶첹Ҫһھεġ
Ҳ⣬־ð֮һͷۣ˯ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãۿʱɫ΢ŲС֪꣬Լѹģ̇ͷʱͻȻһˮ䵽Ķͷϣɡصͽһɣôͷʪأ
ЦһЦ˵ͤʧޣ÷ڲġ
Ͽһ£Ȼ©ȴסˣһҲû䵽ԼϣղһΣֻǴʪ͸˵ͷϵġɾۣæô©ĵط˵ôѽʪˣ
ǲҪģ㣬òܰĵ˯һᣬⲻʱ˵ˡ
ͤﵽܵ꣬涼վʺϾĵطֵһᣬ꽥µСˣ˵ǸϽȥɣ㱾˵ֱˡ
ͬʱչصͷϡ
ܽʱѾȫʪ˸͸شӻȡһ˿ȥϵˮŲţ̲ס˵һ䣬ɣã
ͻȻתȥ˼һǽߣ˸ӡض£˵پǴҵġ
ɵ˷İǺܿصˣʱȴҲϣΪΣ
ЦЦٷ棬֣

ձ޾飡
¥Ůɾʡ

ؼˣ͵һüͷȴЦԭǸ¥ŮӣȴҲЦý
ذһŵʵôЦ
죬ȴ֪ΪԼո˵Ǿ仰£˵Լ룬¥ŮƽЦΪ¼ȴƫҪӶ壬֮ãд¾һ֮˵ֹӦþ겻ɢ˰ɡ
˵Ҫ͵ط֣ص˵˭¼
˰Σأºɲѣ֪ͻȻôæ˵¥Ů¼
סţͻȻоԼʧ̬Ĳɡǲһ£ƽ˵ҡû£ֻһʱİˡ
⣬ֻ˵¥Ů¼ʲô
ֻ뵽ͬŮ³ңͬ͡ѣûʲôġ
˵ԣƭҡ
Դ󾪣ƭ㣬㲻Ҫɣ
ͻȻЦţ˵ƭң㵽ҲǸһһҹ֮һ֮ǰɣ
ԭΪز˿ŭ˵Ϲ˵˭Ըһҹ治֪ߣ
˵ˣҺ˵Ǹ֪ߵĻӣȴԲһҹȥĸɣ価ɷľǡ
Цֳ֪񡣾þò֪ѹ˵䣬ҸһʫΣ
صͷ⡣
һһ䣬֮ʱѾʮʫʱؾԼ̫ã»вף˵䣬ɫǽվ͵Σ
䲻Ը⣬Լ˵ȫģֻõͷ˵ãģҪϹء
ز⣬ʲôϹأ
Цһ£ŵҪұһ£ߡ
һȭشؿϣۣ˵ʱɲ̫ģԼúðˡ
§Ƭ̣ض촽һǡ
֮˶ûж˵ߣҪߵġ
Ҫߡ
زϣ˵ҲߣҪ˯žˡ
Ųò˿ڣ˵ǺðɣӮˣߣһǵҪ
صһǵá
ؿӰԶȥþòŻعǰѹٳ뵽оʣ͸ղ˵ЩЦĻǡԭΪ¥Ů¼֮ˣأڲ¥Ůʲô
﻽ɡ룬ңȴôãҲһһ֮ɣУһмҳδôһ֮
֪䣬
þòƽеĹ١¥Ů֮ȴǽྻ׵ģǲҪǰ֮صĺáҲͷһΪҶ͵ĶһҲء
Ĵ˿ٲһľ档СĸǺ˸ӣŰĵ뿪ص潼԰ӣһ񣬽˫üǰߡͻȻ󷢳죬ͷʱ˾ǰ
ؿüͷһšôҵʵһֱڸңǲǣ
ϣǵġ
صҵ£ȫ𣿡
ǵġ˶٣˵Ǹˣ㲻Ӧ
صҵ£òܣ
ҲΪãѵҪȥӿͲɣǣͲȥ¼֮£
˵صԺҵ£òܣ
ãҪߣչأͣ˵˸㴫ˣ˵¸Ҫ¥μһһȵĻ
ص֪ˡ
Цǰף˳عڣΪȫǵ컨
ͷһ£ǿӦһ䣬㼪ԣͼȥȽ˦󣬲ſʼᡣ


07ʫ
µĶʮգֵȥ
ԭฮޣ㶵ػصУǽεεɰ֮ȥˣն鷿ƣ˼ٴһò޷ݵļƲߡ
¼֮ӳ羣ܾ֮Ӳܰ񣬳֮֮ܲˣƽնǾ۹˵ģûи޵ټԼһˡ
˽Ǽ鷿
ޣ羵һ˵ղ֣û뵽ԭڴ˱ſǾһνʿеڶΣ
æӭϣ˵ǼãܷΪűŲΪǰҼһˣҸ;ټһ档
˵⻹򵥣ȥ˵һĸϵģƸ˶Ǹʲôʱ򿴲а
ЦƽǶЦǸûͷû֮ˣʵûͷûԣǰ˵׾ܵõˣֺαطҲ֣ҪԹ鷿취
˵˭ҪҲ£ְϸףһ취ɡ
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֮ܰüͷ˵֣Ĳˣ׻˵޲ۣ֪СѾǻֵδӣȴҪķǷ֮룬̫
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ܰ񲻷ǰô˵ظء
˵Ҿò˵мֵҲǾԲܼС㣬иȫ֮߷ɡ
˶һ£ֶ羣ΪΨһûб̬
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ЦһЦ˵˵ȫ֮أ
͸һЦ±ͬҪˣƫһߵģٿܰʵָĲ⣿
ܰ޿οɣ˵ǿԼҪһ𷽿ɡ
羵ֵĿǸСܵĲıϡ
˶
羶˶٣˵Ҫޣûлֳǲеġ
ΪΣ
羵뿴ΪةฮǧСܹϸĽǻմͲŮ۲ѧòǳǶ׳Ǽ
ǳлȥ
羵ߣǻΪɵѽôԼδӳͷ¶棿
ǽкã
羵ǽŰ֮˵һһС㡣
ᵽص㣬ޱ㼯˾ʵô룿ϸ
羵ҪٵһԺӣɸʫ硣ʫΪиֻּ֡ҵļСһ𵽲̸ȥ
ƴǣɸʱҲȥԻῼǡ
˵꣬ޣ˶ֻܰüƬ̣˵Ůʫ統ƽǼݣö֮ľȥμӣ
Ц˵ظ㻹ϣȻŮʫ磬ټϸŮʫкβɣ
ܰ㡭ǿʶ
޼˿Ҫæ嵽м˵͡
˵ã޾˵Ҫȥ֪ͨסֲɣֲǲ˽⻸֣ƽʱϲʫԣʱȥҪȲġ
޾˵ǿô죿
羵ֲżȵʫ죬òСǼһϰסɾɲˡ
Цã
ֶ֮ͣ˸ڣΪµĶʮգ˲Ŷɢȥ
գи޵ø診͸ӯĽδ쥺Ͳܰòһ̸ϡԭƽʱ˶ģռţΪǰ³üչ
δ쥾ʵõüͷĽ֪£
ֻ˶촽֪¸òø˵ãǳƬûд𻰡
襺͸ӯ֮ǰ˵췢£Ц۲ֹʱӯøʹ˸ɫ襻⣬Բ˵˵ѽǰõδأҲ֪Ǽٵģ
ӯӿڵӿȫǶһ޸Ӣʲֻǲ֪ѧΣǰˣǰһչŻѽ
ﰵȻ֪ȫǳģȻҲ֪Ϊζȴǰ֪ʣרڿҵİɣߣʲôһչŻˡ
ǲãȥ˵δ˵仰ô֪ѧ
ӯǾˣѵûгȥ
޵Ǽˣֻǡ뽫ϸΪ˵ߣ˻ȥ
ͻȻ˵ӯʾʲôȴ˵ӯͱΪˣǸѧӵܣҲ֪㲻֪ǰóȥҲǰ²֣ԲõġֶŲ޵ãû˵
ֱĿ죬Ǹǰ˺󶼲ֺõˣ⼸仰Կˣȴи襺͸ӯʧЦ
δƽʱõģǼ۸һͺݺݵذһۡԲ˵ǶǹÿЦģÿǧȥ
ϴͻֲǣǵȻ˭Цټƽʱ۲ò˭ȲңǼǺôߡһ˵Ļ
λңʲôҪô
ﾹ͵˼˶һ£δû˵ʲôò޲˵ĻЦЦ˵Ҹλùһȥʫģ֪ÿɷѽ
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δ˲ɵΪѣ֮ǰܵܿǧҪ˵ò޴Ӧġ
ӯ˾бģ˵òȥʱɲҪŶ
޵ȥ㲻ȥʲôúڵģ
襽ӵʫᣬ޸ƽʱһĺѷģ˵Ϊ˶һЩֽǼȥ
޵Ҿ͸ӲȥˣǶҪǣлԼˣȥͷ¶档
δһ£òζ
ӯȴ£˵Ҳȥأ
ãĶһ£óϡôȥ룬֪Ǽ٣ûһ䣬ʲôᣬҲȥʲô֣
ӯһЦĵǳЦġӯ˵Ҳأģʱ򻹲֪ҪʲôĳԽרãõʱȥΧ֪ÿǲϣ
ҲǣˣҲҪŶˡǶǼҪǲȥʱȥ˵ĻҪڿˡ
ʵҪȥ
ӯȻȥǼ
༸Ҳ˵Ҫȥ޲ŵͷ
ǴӦҪȥˡ
ӯ񣬸߸ܻؼȥҪô
ԴӦ֮ȥĸ˵ʱȻеš
ֿټˣ֪λΣ
ܵ˵ϴҲԼĲԡμһҪĺǰΧý֪Լı£ҪպˡҲһ㣬˵ǸĻǺԺҪһӵġ
ƶˣӹȥֻһĵ


08Ů
գ˵ٵһӯ͸襽˴Զľӭ˹Ц˵ŮˣǴҺѵȡ
ĲڣԼմͲŮŹڳƵġʵǺģҪЩֻ̫֣˼˼ģǵ˻ᱻ˼Ц
ЦԼļδء
ӯӯسӣͽǶԺȥȺ
ͤѾںϯͤ÷żŰӣűīߺδչֽ޵Ŀصɨ飬ڷʱȻһͷ˯ˣԱ߿ճһλҲѾ֪Լŵġ
Ҳλˡ
ŮӶһδ쥣ȴǸޡ̧ͷͿеΣƿߡ
˶ѾǿԿˣֻԷϲ˯úء
΢΢üͷһƳӯöһЦУӶڿԼŮӶڿڼӵвֻʶһޣĶָ֪оǵĿⶼȵģɵú
ͲסһĿ䣬ӣ
ûж
˵һ£ֻӣ
ֻ΢΢ضһ£תͷ̧һ˫˯ۿ˲Ƭ̣˾䣬£
ҡ
һʱˣȴֲõ˵˵仰ֻתͷδ쥣ԼΧ
δЦ˵ӣ˯ÿ
ֱӣ֫˵аɣ֮ǰ̫ͻȻֲˣҺòϰߡ
˾Ͳδ쥿ʼһ޽ܡ
λǲӣ񡣡
˸񣬡ܹ񡣡
ܰһ֣ǻˡ
жӣ羡
¹񡣡
ɴӣ㡣
񡣡
λǸӣѾʶģͲýˡ
޳һ£˵񡣡
Ǽҵܣ˵ݺݵصһۣһ˼ңҲöô
ֻһ˵ģȴĸ
ˣŷѻһߡ޶ԣȴְʮΡǲޣ˭Ρ
һˡ
֪δʱȴԼ˵ˣԸ޵λҵģûк˵ʱ˸ӯ͸һۡ
Ӧá˵ӯ襣ô򻸹񣿡
ͬʱƲ졣ʵǸʱѾйģֻǵʱ˯ûȤԾû
ͬ˵񡣡
ֻŲ˫ֱֱؿˣƬװһɻʵλЦʲô
һ֪ԼΪЦһ㲻⣬ղϣô֪Ц
ýΧ˵λùģƽʱûҲЦ
ĿȻص˵ͷʲôƵģ˵еԪ
˲ָ֪
ڵ˵ԪҸܼҵСŸʮ꣬϶иСѡ
δЦһʮֿɰ
ͷʾͬ˵ʮֿɰǸɵӡ
δɲʱסЦ
һѾѸöˣ˼һأûһ㣬ֶδ˵ɵӺȤ
޵һۣ𱸵˵ӣ벻Ҫ̫
Ұ˵㲻лң
ĵô㼦ëƤС£õƽϣ˼ֵ÷ôһòûСûת˹ȥᣬԼ
ģ˳ÿһʱҶȤǻӣȴƫƫǼӲҪģֻס
ЦˣǾͿʼɡ
ҲʶȤٳˡ
ת˸һŮԸȥȲ
Ů˶ɻ󲻽⣬ΪҪרΪأһƵô
вܰǽ͵ֲܺȾƣƽǾʱҪרΪһ裬ԲƵġ
ԭˣЩ˵ﾹǱģߣһӣȻҲ˵ܺȾơ
е棬ȥպĿӣƬ̼ת
漴ܺȾƣǺ¡
䣬ŮԸһСƣһ£ʮŨңɵ΢΢üͷ
δ쥵Ϊ٣
δδȴӦȻ١
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ţĿѾƵϣƱһ£ǲӡаҲֻĵ˵Թ
Ůָ̡
޵Ӳؿɡ
ϯ˵պһأ˵ƫҪװһ˼ӡֹƬ̣ȻתĿɨӣҶΪڿˣȴ˵ǸˣҪҳöʱ䣬ҲҪż
ǴҶڵȻȻ
ԾΪ˻Ծϯϵգ߾лԼĲɺͲŻҪо֮㹻ĻǺݡһûͷûԵӣֱԳ֮Ϊ޶٣Ǵһʱ䶼׹ԭרŹҵġ
ֻܷȾƣԲƣǧÿʱװӿ˼ոͻȻ䱻ѩסƵġƹѲʱѵ󣬴Ҷ˵Ҫʫˡ
˷׷ͤȥŮʼʰ̡תʱƳѾ֮ɫ񿴲ֻЦȴֽظһ鰸ǰ
ճŲޣǸ֮ǰû뵽ģǾʧ֮ʵޱᡣƽʱҪϰٱ޾͸û뵽ΪҪϴԼǵء
ʫӽƽˣȴԼģվڲ޵Աߣī޸ýˣΪԼī龰оһܰȻȤ
涨һʱΪޣ֮⣬ÿ˶ҪʫһסɸӯȴƫҪΪһ²ޣ˵մ͵ĲŮѵóӦöײŶԡǰԼﰵȡЦԼһʱ䱻˻ּҪǰԼĲŻ˵Ī˵ףʮףҲóġ
޼˶ԲµĴ
ӯĿڣϽӵãüȻ˵ˣʱҪƵġͷΣ
޾ɣãͰ˵ģʮףˣҲԸܷ
˵ȥѵõһ£⡣
˰ʼݳֻв޺ڡöʣȻģޱȱ˶ҪʫȴɣǾͲò̾ˡ
кī޲Ҳ˼ʾһɷ衣ǳдһ㣬Ĺʮʫֽϡ̧Ŀ˵ȣҲֻдһ㣬һ˳ŷţץ
ǹһĨЦ
ʵβסԼ𾪡侹˲˼ݵŮӰÿһʫһ飬乤΢⣬¾֮ԡ죬˵
޿Цøӵĵ⡣꣬Ц˵Ҳܿ
ֻƾһ䣬ͿԿеǸʲôˡۣ»ֻǰɡҲƽϣʵʵػش㶮ҲȫȻ
޿ã³һ䣬ԭ֮磡
һЦǲʮں˵ô
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пȡ֮ɫеѿ
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룬סƽϣ˵ãģϾ͸еʮ֪㣬ԺҲɫ㲻ǣ䲻ңӦ䲻Ŷԡ
޾棬˵ã˵ûдҲпȡ֮
ȻʵΪʲôҪ
һ˵㲻ϲ
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⣬Ϊң
޵ѧûУȴҲҪѧ˼μӸʲôʫᣬѵͲ¶ˣҪǲԹ±˼Цһ֪ôأ
Ȼ
ǽԼҪžͱǼӲŹģȴ֪Լֻ˵˼õľ֡䲻ôϲޣҲϾԼδֻóӣҲǶõġ
ǹҸ㶪𣿡
ޡߡһĬˡ
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һ£ҡҡͷûֵðˣôᶮ˵һҲֵҰֻǻʵ۵ʥּҲò޸ˡַʵѵ㶮
ҵȻġ
޳ԾСƸжʵ㰮ң
סЦ벻˵ƭ㣿
޵ʵʵ˵ãҿԽܡ
Ǿͺãʵ˵Ұϵˣ㡣
޼ʱǷŭ˵㻹Ҫմǲݣ
˵ԼԽܣҲ˵ģȴΪҪ
һʱƿԣͨ죬ֽŷ˵ҵ˼ǿԽ㰮ң㰮Ůӣ
Ŷһԭˣβ˵˵˵ƭġ
ŭĿ֮Ƭ̣ͻȻѰϵĶȫ򷭣ݺݵҳһ䣬дתˡ
˲֪ʲô£һͶվŲ뿪ٶĿͶǺǡЦּˣҲתȥ


09÷԰

֮£ӯʵ͵ģЦֹ뵽̸ȥӣϱ޽˸˻ȥֵúûȤ޹ڹƲѣ˭ҲԸԽԽǷߺޣȻҹȻضԼ˵˱ˣ
е𣬿ɱϾպӡһĶģҪ˵檣ߣ˵ɷԣǾԲ̵ġڶûиأѾĿŵԲԼ£պ󻹹ܲܵס
ҧҧ취ʲôŮˡѾ˰ݣƾةฮ¶ԸһҰŮô
ѵ뿪ʫᣬžȥ˻ԺءΪЩ֮˸ģȥñƽʱ࣬ȴֵ˺óʱ䶼صӰӡѵ٣ˣ
ȥֱҲûӰ
ڶȥˣǵȵ̫ɽصĳ֣żòˡ᲻ʲô£˰ɣô
֪߳˻ԺǵǰԥƬ̣¶˾ġһҪȥ
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Ȼأ
ԭʮѹӣҪίտʼͽؽԺڡ㿪ĵ¥ԺҪǳ˼ĺ˶
ƴӣ˵סʹ򣬲ñײ˸š
ȥһ㣡ôĵӣ
һ£ת־ȴ֪ΪηôĻͶ񼷳Ц˵һ˭أԭǻ֣û뵽ҲǷ֮˰Сһ¥˰ɣ
¥һ֪ʲôɾĵط͵һ˫㲻ȡ
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صĵطԱߣؾټѾתȥ޵һͿ
˾㿴۷㶣ϲͻȻԼǰִˡ
ΪΣ
ȴӭ˵˫ۣһһ˫ȭͷѶ˹ȥ
֪ӹСʱѧģʮֵ˵ãԼĶ֣ﲻɵ÷ëߵļұסס
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˽ֽɷ˵һٱƬ֮׵ڵϴݺݵ쵰ҴңţڹˣٲҺ߳
߹ȥأأ쿴ң
ʵɡû㣡
Ϊβң
ϲһ¥Ů㲻ᣡ
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仰زŷģתΪϲȦĲӴ޴ЦƬ̣ͻȻָݺݵصɣҡ
ҧгݡŸѹһ˵ֱˣͼأԼ
룬ҪɱɣǼһѳ档𱼴ʱ໵ؽУصĹ
غݺݵض˵Ҳн죡
˵ĽһŰߵԶ
еվȥһۡתƳſڵϵ㣬ЩԼ裬ͷȴֲҹȥһʱԼԸˡ֪˼е㣬
ȥ򣿱ɵӣ
Ҳƽϡ
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˵㻰ֶ˵أݺݴһֵġ
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Ӵ˼˳𣬷߷ߵشԼˡ
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䣬Ҵؼҡ
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صͷŷ
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÷԰ڳ⣬Сʱ游׶ϰĵطԴӸҲûÿʱ䣬ͻ˹ɨ˾סȴҲԵûķϡÿֶ£Ȼȴرϧ
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أԺٲĻ
صͷЦ
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ãҴӦ㣬һҪɱԲʧġ
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ɣҪȥģ
ס֣˵Ȼؼ￴ܿͻģһﰲסţٶɼѾ̺㡣
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ؿ§סضӡ
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ؼûлӦԼɣѵǸľͷô
һ֮£ҲԥˣһеȥĶͷգķ۾ҵػӦţֱԼ·űۣȫסؽϸ
ͬͬޣ÷԰סЩӣزſϴӦʱȥĸס


10ϣ
Ůӻ÷԰£֪ȴ֣ΪӳɳҪҲܺùڼ֡ǸʲôŮӣҲȥ롣ǰռպýһϺõΣͲȫ˹ȥ
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ةฮǧǲòأǲöԸġ檣ҲƽѵҲҲӣԼɷǴûй檵ͷҲΪĲ׼ɷ̫ԼԱŮӱû˼ҲСôѰ˼ţ̸ϰģΪȥ˲̸֮󣬲жˣӵĳü
ȴ֪ĳüΪһʱء
Ȼˣϱ⡣ȶСɻ֮󣬾Ͱ÷԰ŮΪ檡ڲ̼С㣬ߣһҵţ㲻ϵɣ
ţܼҽˣԭ漸˶ǲ̸ġ
ʲôϾǲô
ܼҵǧȷǻץ˸

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㻹˼ң
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ΪҰ˱ŮӣԴˣ
޵Դ̸ϣȥѡ
պֻ۱ֻۣʲô¶֪ǶԴҶã
޵񲻽Цңɷ򶼹ܲסô


11У
㻹Ҫסң
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޵ⱾҵȻС
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14
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У͵Ķ治١һһزȼһ·ɫɴƣӯ΢ѬЩҩ㣬ʮֵĵţȴŲʲô㡣
һӣǱ΢׵ϸ覴áһɫС̲סȡϿ˿ȡøԼڵŲƵģҪ͵Ǽ·Żÿµĳ嶯ֻΪողй񣬾òŰˡ
ٿȥеＸʯΪϣʽ̫ӵϸ֮ҲǹסƽʱЩʿĹˣ֦ҶĹһȴȫȻûģ֮»ǻ
ǻϲһιڣԼոմϵǶֵ֪֮ѾЦذ˴죬Ǻˡ
ϸţÿһ̶ǵȴѱ˽Լϲ֮ʰ׼մȥд඼·


15¸

÷԰סÿ˿裬һǵһɶ
գͻȻҳһˣµģ˵Ҫȥû⣬˵ͻȥˡ
ʱһæŵƽʣȻһ¡ĸף£Ȼ˷գȻ顣ෳһŮӰְˣȢ˹֪ҪֳءĵĻǱߣֽվǰסģҪ֪ǾԼ˶ò˼Ļ
Ǿͱֶζ
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Ȼĵǣ˵⼸ͲҪȥ÷԰ˡ
Ŷһе
÷԰飬ĸղֻǳû˵ƶѣͻȻ̸оеڡȴƽúܣ˵ĲϲС㣿
ʵ˵ˣܷ
ӴȥǺðɣȰȢ˹ţȹЩٰ֮÷԰ŮΪ檡
һȻˣĸ׳棬²޲
ǺãȢҪ˵ҿּˡ
һ룬˵ʧھҪѰģؿԼ檶ֻܹܲΣֳ
ǣ˲öԸ
ϵöԸ
Ҫô죿
ϵǾͽȥ
ûô򵥣Ѱ
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޿κΣԼվҪԼܽ˵ðɣҵȢˡ
ϵҪҵĻ»֮󣬰ڲȥ÷԰֣ñ˵㲻𣬻ᶪǻġ
᲻̫˵㣿˵仰ȥûпڡĸ׵Ļʲôʱݵּۻ۵ģֻôӦһصԼȥˡд˷Ž˸ȥԭί˵ԼҪ֮ȥĩڴϷ֮ʼ뵽ʱôˣ֪䣬ֿʼ뵽ޡ
üͷû뵽ǰԼȻƲסжඪ˵ǲ̫ҪܵǾܶԲסء뵽ʹԼǸʱ򣬲ɵˡС󣬼ʱƵĲʹ
Ƿ죬ڵˡ
ߣԳЩ֮ͼһŮװԼԼоʮֵ֡Ϊҵĳްɡ롣Цˡ
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ұ֤ٿ㡣
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ֵƬ̣ͼϲܽ˵εˡ
룬Ҫ޸ˡ
һұ¸жأ
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ϼ״󼱣æȥš
ޣ֣Ͽ쿪ţ
ްһ͵ӵϣſϰͷĸ˼ţޣɲҪ˼ʱ쿪ţ
ʣźŮˣ콫ǵ˶ϳȥҲŲ޸
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̺ϸǰʵΪλϽΣ
ϴض㣬ǸǺúõһŮ޸׶ӭһ£ǰ޶ˣ
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̺һ˦ӣӭ׵ĻܼҽеүأΪβ
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һİȴԼеȣ˭ɵ˾䣬˭Ϊν֡
ֻõһ䣬š
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ȡ˿Сĵظϵˮ޷ӦʱϽӣָᡣƬ̣˵һȥҸ㲹һװ
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Ҳ׼ҲҪΪְ̫֮޲źá
ϻصȫҶӣذ޵¡˵Ĵ￴˿ĿڵϵĺͷϡĬĬ߹ȥٻص޵ԱߣѸͷչϸĵؿ˿˵ãࡣ
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϶ڸĹô˵ǰ󡣵ˣֻǱûܿüҪʱԼҲֻоͷҲһ¡
²֪ж˿ţĿŵЦ˶С
֮ǰãǰ֣СֻʲôҲϲԼѾŽ˶ߺ޲ѣҧҧý֮²ܾʹˡ



16Ϸϣ

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˻˱㿪ʼ̸㣬һʱüͷûͲضʡ
ֶ˵ҴЩӾǰͶݶ͡
׵ľɲΪֳرԶڳԱʶ۶Ľǿ׿ƵġͶͣ˵һҵҲɵһ
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˵Ȼص˾ǣҲҪžȥҼסЩΣ

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仰ͦ˼·ߵ·˵ѱһգģΪԼ׼ĸоŴֽȼգŽȥһϮװضڴߣֽز棬Եʮ־ִٺͲ
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17Ϸ£
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޵㣬Իأ
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ƿԣҲҲǡȴѾߵԶˣᡣϿãҲ޵òˣȥ˵ɵĻȥ


18

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ɴˣ޸˻ôһԴ


19Թ
˶ҹ˾ȥƽߴ·ʰЩֱ÷԰ǴҪߡ
÷԰ʱطƻţ¹µӰڴֽϡɵ룬ΪҪ˶˯ţ¾ǻϲ
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20ַ

Сϰ䣬ȺãֵĵáܱȫǣûпĵģǾҸһѡһ·˼̣ҡͷһӵĴڴֵŸ¯Ӵܱ̼Ҽ·˽ԶηԶ֮ס棬ǰʵɻ򽣣
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ش󼱣ողŸϡ˽أˣܵܿô죿˵УҲߵġ

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˵꣬˿鶫ѵؼȻԼ塣
廹㣬ʹ˶
޻˵ģʹѵ
ϡЦŽشߣֻʣһˡЩʱҴ͵ʲôҹ
ϣŽػָȥŹϣͷ˯һϡ˵ڶһĻ۵þһ飬ٴ¡֪ףٲ˯ʱѾʱδȫʹһңͷ
ԹʰЩųűվһվ޴ȥˡؼңſԼЦءȥ׷أʹ׷ϣҲ顣
ʳţţ˴ͻȻԼ֪ʲô֣ʵιʲô
󺺺ݺݵصһۣ㻹Ƿ᣿
һ˿վãʵ涫ʲôط
󺺻صԼȥ
㲻Լȥ



ڶ
01
01

δ̫ްַص´ԸʷΪ׵ڳϡة̺Ϊ׵ڳΪϡ޲ʧ£ܼ̳дͳӦвŵ߻⿤
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Բ֮ϱ㳷˶Ľ̽ĸøӣ̸¼磬֮󣬱㱸ȥ
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ϵûĳ飬ȴֻ᲻ʶôʵǿȥ
俴ãΪ仰ߺ죬ɵʵޣϲˣ
ߵӦԣϵ˲һۣ˵ȴֻ˵ңĻǽøģ
ֻǺ棬Ϊ˵޶飿
ϲҴյɷĶߵ˵÷ûӭþͲϻΣ÷ߣûʧݣȥ¥Щ£㶼𣿡
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һæ͵ɩɩ˵ĻȻ˵㣬ɶһǼõġ
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޵ֻϣҸȥ˵һȥ֮ҲûΪңɩɩĹȴǶˡ
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游˵ΪǰСˣϽԣ˵߻̫оģϾˡ
һ΢΢һ˵һΪףѵ֪
νԶɻǻֹˣǲ䷳˵ϾôŵҲᶯҡġ
޾ÿҧ´ֽס˵εʹǧٸ˵ͬĻҲӦţҿνԻҲֻǸڰˣǴΪѵ
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׵֣üͷ˼Ƭ̣ͻȻ˶ȥּسſ˿Żص¡
̺㸸Ӻͳϼ϶֡ʵΪΣ
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ˣòʶԼŮƵģ޵ҲŲ£ͻ˵ұǼҹأ
޵Ů˵ɲΪ˵ģʵˡ
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̺סʵž˵
ҡҡͷʵֻһΡ
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޵Ů˵£ѵ黢֮˵ûԵʵģԻʵһҪЩ۲źá
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̺ȵ󵨣ˣҽТȫˣ
޵ҵģȫǵãֻڿ¶Ӧˡ
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óԾѡ
ϵ㹫ôģ
޵ŷԸңǻҸʼ֮ĶԹҶ˽ġ
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޵ǵŮһȰԺԻʵһҪ̺ȴǲ˵޵Ļûе
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ϵ˵Ҳ֪ǸˣôܹѸ¶
޲֪˵ԼЩʱյĹ۲죬䲻Ǹô򵥡˵ҲΪŮģС²˵ˣҪ鶼ʾġ
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ϺһʱʼҾͶְֵĵ̣˼ңҲףôһ޵ңͱûµˣû㵱ҵĳϱ
ţмֵסüͷԥ˵ǲŹŲãûиɷҳ¹µģ˵ʲôҲֻӡ
ñŲ̺үҪŮ棬ȥ׼˵˵ɡ
̺ǰ޵ļ£ò֣
ϵǾ͸ؿŰޱ۸
̺Ҳ㲻۸̫˰ա
ϵǸŮүۼʶģСС;͸һѳң԰޲۸ѵǹղɣ
̺С£ġ
Ů˼ңܲģ
̺޵Ҳ˵ˣĽ˽̫ĺء
һŮѾˣǰʲô
ϵ̫ɱ£ѵ֪
ҡͷԳ˿


02ϱ
02ϱ

صʱѽƻ衣µֻĸѾͷӭʵΪβԽң
ѾͷЦ﹫ˣСء
Ȼãĸ׵ĻһˡѾͷ˵ʧЦ
ң
԰գҲڰݼϣֱֱسԼԺȥˡ
ͦ죬ϴ󲻸ˣһ£漴ǱϹϾ˵ٷ˲֪кҪ£
һ䣬ûҪ£СҲô
˫üԼƲɣô˵û£ҲЩգҪ£ˡʧ㡣תҪߡ
޺ȵվס
ʵٷ˵£
޵׼ȥ𣿡
δֻٷ˲˵кҪ¡
ЦҪߣкҪ£
£˵ڵҡ
޵šû˻ҲҲǣãʵٷ˵£
޵һۣ˵ϲ衣
һ
޵װ
䰴סŭ˵ȥˡ
һӣϲ裡
վŲ˶ãƿߣߵǰ˱裬͵ǰ޸սӵ֣ͽĽűһã˵ģϲҲ᣿
һۣתŲȥˡ޶˱Ȳ衣޾þòӣǷ˵˾䣬ٷò衣
ϲͻȻһƣ̵ĲˮֱϣļһҲһĸھΣץסֲͣشȴּѾͷǺȵϽſ֣ص㡣
ᣬס۲ٺ
˵ûڼңϵһһһ顣
ҧŲƬ̣˵ˡ
һֶ˵ȻףʲôҵĻ㵱
ʹɫ࣬ϣѾˡ޼ݣҲݲȥ
ղ޸ϴ˵׼ȴҲⲻ˽ţȻȥ״
վԱߣ˲޽Ҳ񣬻һۡ
ʰ
ϵɡ
£׼ЩӦԵĻ
ʵ˵ĲǣȻ𱸵˼
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޵ڣǶ۸ң
򲵵үڣҲ㣡룬Լߵģ
ƿԡ
ԹţҲ˵˭òŶԲ޵ңǶ˵Щʲô
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ҲȥϽеţôˣ
ݺݵصһۣȴ˵˷ȥߣŶԲŭǽģүڻ𣿡
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ΣֻüԸضԲ޵˵ٷ˴˴ԭɡ˵æϸĻй죬Ͻôˡ
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ڴ֮ǰϵĹϵǺ׽ġϼֱŮһϸչˣδ֮ʱҲˡ˵ﻰЩĵʱܼܺɵǰʹޡ
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ˣľڣ˵Ϊſޣʲô£
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޵۾ҹң
üͷ֪ΪҪ˵ߣ£˿ҪǼᣬ˾Ȼжʼɵĸо˵䣬㰮ҳǾ͵ȥﳳŲð
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ãȳ㵽ʲôˣ
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Դף
񱻴һ£ȴ־ÿЦ˵ֲֻ㣬ʲô
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޵òװģȴס˳ôҪǿҲʱ俴ҲھΣĺܿʵڲӦ˵Ļġ
Щʱ߳˵ˣ˽ȥ
Ȱеߣ˵ˣʹӣôܵ㡣
һæ˵벮ĸģ䰮ʹӣһġ
˭Ҫ໰ѽ
һЦҲЦˡ޿ľþִ١
˵䣬ͽ߶ȥòһڴߡ
£˵ԲţҲ˵Ļ㡣
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޵ͷеţ˵ϲңš
ϵֻǻδ˽ˣ˳úÿвŻպദʱˣȻϲ
Щߺ죬˵˶Ѿˡ
ϵģԼĶ˽⡣
޵ʵҲԵĵطպһ˻һǣٶǡ
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ϵ˵ʲô
޺ȻŵǸ¥ļ˻ұȥʱҪңҲġ
ϵģϴǷ飬ֻǻةˣûҪ˼
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Цһ£˵ԺҪٿΪʲôòԵĵطſ£ȷʵĲˡ㲻֪ҸǰдϣĺۣԼҲⲻȥĲǣ
⼸仰޶϶еĵλԼ֮µġ
ֵģ޵ģʱңҪڣ︮ⷲҪ飬ҿڣҲԻȥʾĲǣ
һ˵Եǲ̫Сˡ
޵žɷģԺҲˡ
ϵһ䣬ŷġŲãЦ⣬Ц˵ݶϴ㹫Ĺѣ൱زľﻹвʽҸѡһһСӣȫģͷҵϣȥȡǷϲ
ϲȥȡ
ùǺɫģһһϣΪ޴ϣʵϲϲ
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һů˵лš
ϺȻֿһ£޸ؿڵȥд򣡡תҪߣסֵҪûµģٶҡ
޼治ٿȣŷģش˵Ű˯ᣬڴţһֿҲиӦ
ϴЦȷ΢⣬۾ʣһ˯ˡ


03
糿ݶϸź˪㡣һ˯ȣǰǿϡѾ̫֮λֹǷҿȴ룬ȥҲֻӸ׵ķհˡ
ԭڳΪ٣ߵĴ󽫶ǻľɲ˳еһЩž߶͸ϵ϶Գ֮¶֪һЩġ֪ϡ̫ӣԲ̺Ȼ˶⡣
컸Ĺʾɳ²ãȴеġ
²˵֮ԣϡΪ̫ӣбްʶǹȥ˴еġ
²Ĺ٣ԭ׷滸սм󽫾;ټΪʷλӾ䡣
ϵ´ģҺм
²ֻһ麮壬˲ԲŻ΢̧мӣнգɲγպѱʵڲ֮
ϵǹ¶ĸ⼸ó´˵չˣ´˺Դй޲ˣ֮ҲΪг´Ĺʽе˵ġ
𻸱󣬳²ʤϧ
ϵ´ڳпЩة˵£
²֪̼ǶŮ׼ң֪޲˵ةǸù٣֮ϡ϶ϡ֮Ϊպǻɨϰټĵӣة²ڳоþˡ
ϵϱΪ׵£⼸ʳ޲ҿʮۡ
²ҿְС£֮ǲǴ¡
üͷʵѵһ涼
²ǻʵۣϡ
ϵǿа취ȣ
²Ѱ˼˵ܾ¾ϡֻԮҪȥͶˣ¸мƲߡ
˿Ҿʹл´ˡ
²˿ˣҲǲ֮¡
߳²ϼҵޣ̫ӶԲ̺ı֮ġ޴󾪣˵ϵ㾡ܷģѾ˳´򱱸
޺Ǹм˵ллš
Ȱҿ㼸컹ǻȥĺá
޵ֻҰﲻõ㣬ˣֻͽķհˡ
ϵĸļԼŮ÷յģ̫ˡ
ȰӦձ￴ĸ
̺ŮͻȻֶ˲ǣץס޵˵ΪͻȻ
޼֮ǰӵ㲣ĵ˵Žһġ
̺һص̾һ̬׼Ҷǣʲô˲ܸҷĿ
˵ţȻ汨룬ʥּ
̺һţ̾һˣæϳȥʥּ
գ۴ּҪ١ϳةࡢʷְλʼ¡顢ʡ¡Ӵ˷¾ʡȴΪ䣬ʡ£ִƸܡԭة̺س۶οء
̺㲻뵽ʵ۾ֻһʥּԼְһ׼빬ݴǣǴӴ˲ټ˼
Ȼݣ
ʵ⼸ʵ۶糯ǹҪܿܶԭ߽ĳżҲ׷˾룬涼˵ˡʮֵķƣּŮػɵģ׼ҲҪ룿
Ȼ˵ޣǵ㰡
޵γԣ
̺ǵȰö˹ְڱżҸ˻
һԭˣ˵ǵˣֻǽһ㣬ûҪҳŵ˼
̺㲻ţѾ룬ʲô벻
޵ûиߵ˼ŮĻô
̺ιʽ
޵Ů˵⵽ųԺ󣬾ʳζѰǵǻӲŽһġ
ʱͻȻŮʱһǱǷߵ˵йʺİɣʵǼҵۡҲصģʹǶة࣬صﻹһ̫أ͸һͬȥʱɽ߻ʵԶǵøڡڻɷ򶼲ߣˣҺٽļޣûкӡ
޼ˣǧҪ˵ҲŲļ޵ġ
̺˵öԣڻҳؿշҲǰ취۶סŰɣһ꣬ʱǻ㣬Ҿͽ˵ýļޡ
ﶼ˵ͬĻּǶҪ˵ˣŮļޡҲף֪ҪְģɴûҪҳţǧټƵ뱣̼°ȫ
̺ͳ϶һô֪Ҫ᣿
޵ǰʷ´˵Ҽң͸¶ģ˼䶼֪͵Լڹˡ
̺Ȼһʱļ˺ˣ
޺ȻʵΪǼҵĻԺࣿ
̺̾˵ԺǸϵЩƽҲģƫһ˵ų⣬ͶǵĴߵˡ
üϵǣʵǵ縰Σнٻͣ
ְ̺Ǩ֮ʲôٻ
޵ϡ·;жԵôǺã
Դ˲̺Ҳ뵽ֻߵ˶ѾԶԼ֪ΣҲ޷Ծȡ
ʧ˾үʲô
̺Ϊֻ֮취аɩǰͻ۶ֻȥϡҪԸֻһˣֻҪܻص۶Σˡ
޵Уǽеȥ
˵䣬˵ˡ
̺ԸӼ䡣æס䣬ǲѾ뵽취ҵ
˵ͷԲ̴̺ˣҼҷ̴Ƴټ뾩
̺ΪΣ
Ҽҷ˵֪̫Ѿ˳ڲ̴˸ε·ϡ
̺򸾺Ͳ޶һ
Ҽҷʷ´ת汱ˣ˻Ͳ̴˸ΣҲҪüʱ䡣
̺򸾸мѡߵĸ߹ٹΨԼǷߺǰûڣƽûжٺøе׼ҿϳ
Ҳ˿Ȼиͷ䣬ȥţ游׻סһʱ䡣
һ۶뾩ңԶ²̫ðɡ
̺ҲȰޣղŵֻ׼ңȰȥģ㼫ãжǲ̼ңΪɷҪһȥߣɱͣҲѱЩٲʱʹиʲôʧθ׼ҽ
޵ŮǲܷģҪۿŵƽȥ
ٷ˼һүô죿
룬ãȥңҲҪǸ䲻ϰԼ˵㲻ȥҾԼȥ˵
˵ţתҪߣһٷҰȥ˵


04


˵꣬Ҳѵͷ
伴̸߲ޣ˸ӽ
޵ʲô
Ƿ͸ٷ˵
޴򿪺ӣԭһɫȹޣ˵ҪΪġչüЦԭǵãԼˡΪ׵µģ²Ź֡
俴ˣҲס۾ﾹĽ˵Ƿĸŷõģٷ˿Ǻø
һŻ·
ҲһôϸǽõĲ÷Ҳδôã
һ㡣
޵һ䣬Դףǻǰġ
ЦЦĽˣôҳԴף
޵ٰһˣҷĶʰһЩ֮ǰҵģҶҪȥ
Ըȥˣڳǰ·ĻϲŮûɷߣŶ۰Ҳί
֮󣬲̼²Ŷ뾩ŻڳΪУⲢˣ̺㲻ɵᡣǰһֱΪԼڳеԵã뵽ѵʱŷ֣е˶ûС
԰ο䡣
ǰ˵ٷˣĴֻѾ˽ߣҽǹȥ
޾ҪͻȻԼʮ᲻ϣͣ˵Щʲôã˵䣬ŵ𡣡
ͷһ˵ٷ˿ɻҪת棿
ҡͷҺܿ
룬˵䣬ϴε¡Ҳԣ㲻Ҫ
ܲ
һ
ֵֻѾˡ
޲Цˣ˵һҡ
ȴûЦ˵м䲻֪òʱٷˡ
޵£
ֿȳѪ
һˣ
ںˣֻǲ֪ʲôʱֻᷢٷȥءһֱܼįиҡҺߵĻڿ쵽ˡ˵ţ
Ȼ
ãһֱӵĹµϴʱ̲ס
ǰӭӵ򣬲ϵáԴӵ˱֮ͶĲԴͣΪд¡Ͳ̺һһ縰εģ쾫սһҡ
͵͵ʱˣЦ˵ɩ˿ɳӴ۾
޴󾽣ֻͷȥŷŮˣĵʵޣôˣ
޵Ǹոλ繫˵ˣɳӴ۾
ֻѾЦӭŲ̺һҾ򣬼̴ˡ
̺һ˲ţݼʮָˣæ檼ŮҲһһ˵תʱмЦ⣬ɩˣϵô
޵ϵãһ繫ˡ
ɻգ޼ɵʡ
һҲ֪˵꣬߿ɫ
æ̺˵ִ֪磬ڵǧ𣬻̴˲Ҫ֡
̺˵ȷִ֪磬޹֮⣬ֻǿŮ˵йֻ֮ǰʧڷ򣬳İûڣֶҪˣ
Ǹֻ֣ǼɩȻᣬֶѡ
̺Ҳ֣˳ϺͶϱȥԵɣΪҪޡָ˵Ͷǰ֮ˣ˵һӣŹˣ޵ֶŸߣɳƵеĵһˣ̲
Ц̴ˣʵѧıȵϴ˵ǧ
̺̾в棬Ҫ˵вţֶδʶˡ
Ц̴˵δʶȴ֪Сġ
̺磬ΪλϷ˵вţ
ﰵЦȴ𻰡òǣΧô˵⣬ȴڡ
̺Ҳʣ˱ġдƣ˻Ҳ֪ؽϣձ㵽۶Ϊֻ󣬲غӽǣǲںߡ
̺´ȥǲԶֶɲٻ͡
ԻͲ̴ΣɵΪֹǼֻҪ͡
̺˵ƴǵĻҲ˵ֻˡ
ù͵ʮֳһװؼ˽ĶŮ죬еһӱʿشֻͼͲ̺һҽǡ
һ·Ͷٲϲһ˯ˡȴ֪˶ãͻȻͬļҡѣ˯죬ԼԼд֮д̿ͣ
϶˵ԶأƲǳġ
ֹͣ޽ҿʣʲ̺ʲô£
ǰȥ鿴̺㲻֪£ֻҡҡͷͻȻ޼ǰһϤӰһȥ
Ͳ̺㶼һ׷ȥ
ԭϡ̺ˮ·ľͣ²֣Դһٶʿͣظϵáȴϱ֪̺һһδʹϡ֮ǣֱָȥʿƴǰȼݡȻ˵ãҹѵڣʱҧɱˣŽ֧
Һϵ֧Ԯ뱱̣սǿϡЩʿȻҲֲδѵͻȻϮѸɢ
Ҳ˵ۣѳ嵽ĸǰһʱֻ֯ضӡ
ͻȻżΧסֺҪˣ
δ䣬ͻȻ˫ϥһȥǿԽ֧أֻ˻Σ˫һϱ˹ȥ޼״󾪣һǰеˣһʱ¡
һ˿ڼѪʮֿ¡޾ʧ룬˺һ鲼Уҽʿûҽʿ
ڽʿϡˣ̺ҲΧȴûҽʿԭҽʿʱŲϡʿһѾɥȪҹһ£ͻȻţȫ޲Ϊ֮е
Ҫȣɩұܿ
޴ϲΪҽʿ
ʿæֵ̧˷򡣶Բ̺˵ǰͽȥȣ̴Ҿϡ
һϽס򺰵ѪڻѪɵҪԸݳ˼ӱСģ
Լݳ
̼۶һĴ壬ڴˣϾΪ֮󣬼񶼽õܲԪڻδ̵ʱ˻ŵġ̺ڵطԱ֪عٹ˳ӭӡ
ְȫҰ̫ظæա
Ҿȵüʱ˿֮󣬴˵Σգֻһʱѵù޾ʱţһҹ֮࣬ճݲչ



05Դ

ʱ򣬲߻˯سͻȻȫ͵һصˤ˴ϣɵáһ
޾ѣϲе㲻Ҷæס
һʹ࣬ʵһû
޵ûҲ
ͻȻֱֱؿµĴԭǺһ硣ӯӯһЦòÿָ·
ϵӣҲģ
޵ͷмֵ⣬ֵҺϲ
ͻȻۡ
޹еصôˣ
ˣ˯Ҫҡ
Ʋ죬һһҹˣѵҲúø˵Ựô

һЦʵҵģǲǣ
ǡ
޵ţû˵滰
ɱ˵ģ治֪Ҫǡ
޵ϡԩ޳Ϊɱ
ô֪Ҹԩ޳𣿡
һɵʵǡΪɱ
ɵ㶼֪ˣ
޵ͷŸҵġ
ˣԩͷڻʵ۶
ЦΪ˾ңԭҵġ
ͷȥ˵ԭɳЦԼͻȻʵΪˣ
Ȼҵְ
ΪΣ
޵Ϊ´£ҵڵ̫ϡʵΪ˸ɨϰͱ˵۶̫ء
Цصԭѵ̫ӣ̫˰ɣ
ͻȻصһȭڴϣ˿ڵôѣѪñ졣޾һˣæȥһһּӵޡ
˺Щʱ򣬴ոֹסѪ˿Ҫ°һ顣޽ץס֣Ѫɫͷĺ飬ľ񱻴̴һۡ
һ󣬽ƻʱŽתϸذֱͷȥҲ˵
ˣͱ۾ֹЩʱ򣬲ʵصĪģôʲô
û֨
޵£Ҳ˵õģ
㲻ң
޲ᣬ͵͵غҺˣ
㻹ʲôˣ㲻ڣ
޵ô
ǵģһֱˡ
һʱֲ֪θ˵ãþ뵽һ䣬㣡˵˳
ң
޵ͷ
Цһʲôֵ룿˵һŵġ
㵽Ҫô˵ſģ
ߵҪģ̸ףɵȻʵأôôöң
޵˼˵нްرȥˡ
˹ٵģײͬ
޵˵˲źأôûòһˣĶᡣ
һûòҲǸڣ
һ˵һ
βһǿǴС浽ġ
޵
˫۵ֱ
޵˵ôòȥԸ˸㰾Щ
ȥˣԷ㶡չһ֫ͻȻһĵۣŵҲˡ
ŲŴֽĸӰɾᷳǺ۾װ˯
Ų̺򸾣߻һѾͷŸ̽һѹ˵˯ˡ
δϸŮģʱɵ߽Щֻһİ꣬ûΪϵʹӰ˯Բ޵˵ӣӻ治ơ
һŬô磬ղûˡ
ϵΪ㲻ˣ
ҡͷǣҲ֪ʲôطˣֻ˾䣬Ҳ˵ʲôģͻȻһȭڴϣ֪˶ѪأӶҪ
ϵЩʱ̿С
ްڴߵϣ˵ҿž͹ˣҪôʲô
ϵ㶼һһҹû˯ˣҲȥϢһµġ
ҡͷҾţҲȥ
ϼܲܲ˯
ҧŴˣҵķ䡣
磬ü˶ûã˯һ𣿡
Ҿڴ߷˯
ϻ˵ȴֹ̺ȻҪˣɡֶԲ޵ǵͲ˯ˣҺ
޵͵ȥ
оˣ۾޺ܿ˻˵淳
޾ȣװ˯
üǣ´α
ĸôԲ
˵ˣҸһǲòˡ
޵㣬ԺҲһΪҲС
һֻ
ްӴսߴ˴תιԡ
ŵʳյø̣ȴֲϽιųԣòŵԼԡ
޵ܶ
һܶ
޵ôԼԣ
΢
ִ£Žӵ˹ȥȴ졣
ˮ棬ôԣ
޵ٷϻ졣
ϤĿòӶøֻùԹԵʳ
ֵ㲻ҪٴˣҳԲ¡
޵У໹ȡ˵ִ¡
һ룬˵ˣֵȥɣҲҪ㡣
ӵݵߣ˵졣
ܿ˵˵
޵ˣЩ졣
ͻȻð𣬽Ȳһ඼ȥûƵģһ̵ֱȥ
޴󾪣еɣ̣
ǿƬ̣ڡһ˳ȴ絽޵ϡ޵ۣоԼ˿̵ǱϽתȥͻȻЦӵϣ˵ࡣ
Ȳ˳ȥѾϴɾͷҲûôȴ˵㵱治ô
㲻
޵ҽȷ͹ҲٴˮȥģĺȺˡ
㻹Ҫιң
޵㲻ϲιҾԼȡֻǣԺҪܰҵĺĲ¡
ûҪкġ
޿ͻȻץסֵ㻹ҵ
о޹ǣɵ÷ץסƵĸֱָûпܡ˵ֺң
Ҳ룬ͷ˵ǵģϣԭҵĲԡ
־ɣ˵Ϊβİ
˵Ժ󲻰ˣǰԸͷ
棿
޵ģԺҲҪúõңҪĵ£ܴӦ𣿡
ҡͷֲ֪ΪʲôģԺ
޵ֻҪ뿪ңٸŮӺãҾͻῪĵģͻġ
۾û˵
޵ǴӦǲǣ
˯
޵õģұ㡣
ɫ磬Ҳȥ˯ɡ
޵ոֻװ˯ѵû˵Ļ
˯岻á
޵⡣
ֻǶգ
޵˭û˼
ĬƬ̣˵ɣ󡣡



06ѩ
˽ţߵ£ֻʱž͵ˣȴ⣬һԼһġ
˿ں࣬ǿչż㿴ʱȻֻ֣ղʵдʲô
ǼĻˡ
޵ΪҪŵĲ
һ磬ˣԲ
ֵҿ
ӲҪ˵Ҫұſϸ
Ҫһѱ˹ȥеƫģչȻ֣ӣһЦã
ָ˵ʲô
ްŽԼ
ӻȥÿ
ЦûмǸˡ
ô˵
޵Ҫأأ
Ҳˣݲؽ
޵Ҫӡ
㶵ôҪӣ
޵Ϊ˽ֻô򵥡
ȣʵ㻹Щʲô
޵ҽһ̫
ǲ
޵ԭĪˣڵǰòŷģгء
𣿡
޺ߵ̫ˣ˵˼Һòã
ȫ֪ˣ
޵ͷⶼĹ͡
ͻȻһ䣬ôˣ
޵Ҹɱ̫ӵ£Ͱ˸ףصʵҲˡֻңŶû˵
ʲôӦ𣿡
ͻȻô˵ˣ

һգӨ⣬ѹֵ˵ʲôãܻصǰԲסҵ𣿡
ĬȻҿſߵ۾
ʵ֪жģڲںҵģ
ûĵġ
ǰ֮ᣬ粽ط㣬ѵܻҺõ㣿Ҵǰȷľٶ˵Ļڻٵشġ
ǰҿⲻǣϣ֪ϲġΪˣڼ޸֮ǰһֱοԸһʱһŮӡ
㲻ӭңҺǸģҵʱ˵޸ĻǶǱƳģ޸㣬ΪңøҸ̨£ȴƫƫӦҡ
ҲǰӵģǰҺܿҵĺôϲһҲϲң˵Ļżʹӵʱһҡ
ͻȻоʹ˿ѿŲ֪˵ʵҲʲôǰΪҴûӵйֻ˶ѣѵҺЦ
޵Ӵ˰ңҲǰģǷమҪټƽϴǰĲ죬ɲǺã
ȥҵĹȥʧˡ
Լİ˶סԭֻһԸİ飬˵ЦЦ
Ϊʲôģ
˵Ҳģҵȴġ
ץסȻģ͸ôӴ˺úõĴҡ
δҺõġ
ֻ˵ůģһƬϡ
գմѩδָɢ˿ڴоҵʹС޸մӸĸ밲űϣɵһ˵Ϊһ˳
ڴϣƵûš
޵ø˵㡣
Ŀֻһʱˣֲзϣò¶Ҫ㡣
޾ĵһ˵㾹ң
ͻȻ첽ߡԺӸ˴ɨѩ񣬿ɷ缱ѩûñӣһӱó죬ʧȥ֪޼ظȥչԼƤһȴƿ̧ͷһ֦
޴󾪣еˡ
Ҫĵ㣡
ȻһУֻõĵؿšգ޳ȥҪȴͻȻ§סչҪǡѽһ޵ϼ棬±˿
аЦҵ˺ˣŲţ
޻رĿ⣬˵˾ͺãҺܸˡ
ͻȻȼһ뵽ÿͬ㣬޹ǵ֣ȴϵ˶ٶʵĻܡʱסҲԥҲԸԸ⡣
ţڴϡʵδܣֻһֱ۾һɬĵһΣԼɷп־Ҳڴư͵ľٶŲӡȫƿ֮Сʱɣ۾ʱеͻȻһӲȻһ£漴±˿طס˫΢
˾ٽһȻһңڳȥһ·ʱ˫ҲڴϢ١
ãѪ߰ߣ˺һӲŻָ𷽲žٶӶԼĽ̾Ϣס߲ѣʲ̧ͷȴڻ±塣
ͻȻһ£˵
ػһա
ֵǶˣȥЩԡ
Ҳ
޲Ҷ
㺦ߣ
ĺߣȴϵУ
˵䣬ͻȻţһʵ˭
Ӧ쿪š
޵ŴϺϮϽ˻ȥĻסŵؽеܿš־òףĿڵһ¡
ϴɣʵʲôˣ
ԶԣյаЦŵ˯޾룬ѧ˯
Ǳ߳һ漴üͷҴҵˡ
Цߵò̧ͷ˵ºĻЦΪλҪ˵
ްһ۵ļԿڲԣ˭֪׽Ūҵģ
ڻ
޵䡣
ղ⣿
ҧȥȴЦˣʡ
ֶҪҪ
ٺ֣Ҫ˵
ʲô±Ǽ׻ҪҪ
һȭȵ㣡
ã˵
޵ˣΪʲôÿҵ㣬㶼ⲻ
ﷳߣҶϲ
޼㣡
ô˵ǣҲǰӣ֪Т˳

޵Ȼˣȥ밲㲻Ҫ֪òҵ˹鲻ãҲ˵ʲôûοֻҪܹسһˣԻ˵ġ
ҵŮ˱˼ȥӵĲãʱҪҼǵĺá
޵ȫ㿴㣬§ŵӣлǸˣ˵ȴѣ󼱣Ʋס˳ͻȻת˸ǰŤһ󣬶ļݺݵҧȥʹס
һӣ޲˿ڵǼǺţҵģȴǿ޵ͣס
ޣ˵ٿޣҰѱƿ䲻䣡
̧ͷһĴҺãҺҪޣ
Ǵã
޵Ժ׼ǰǼˣֲŮҲУֻܰһ
ãҲᣬֻһ㲻ٿޡ
޲סᣬûϲֵ㻹Ҫң˵ЩĻҿġ
ãҺ㡣ͻȻѹϣ㡣
޾һѽ̵ֱĴס죬һӻǸոձš


07ϣ
ѩʱǵϡߣǰ£Σֲɵõ̫ӣȥ޵Ժ̽
˻˵Ȼؽɵüͷ
ʵϴžԼ٣üӡҹǶûгţʳﶼһţȻڵϣſųȥȡ˽֪ǳڶݻԼˡҹĿУһδ˷޼ĸо
ͷʱĬٶȻĸ׷Ըģ뼰ڴֲɵһߺ죬ôȥʱԼ߶߶ȥģ£ǲ΢֮飬һ𱾸ˡ
ͻȻѱ߿¶档üͷһæ·߹ȥΪ㴩¡
㶡·ܿϣذϵãΪڣ˽ĻӯӯЦ⣬˵࿡
ͷֱظо¶ȡȻЩĸоǿסƿ̺ϴš
һո˯ѣô죬ϴʲôŰ
ûصҵĻ
޾ΪѾԼˣȴû뵽˵Ŀɵþίġ
ãҳȥԸ˶ˮ
ŸѾһˮݶֹ޶Ѿүϴš
ѾˮŵĽűߣҪȥӡͻȻƿҹȥѾһʧؿŲޣС㡭
޻˻֣ȥˣôֲϴˣ
ϴ
һԼĶ䣬ҪҰϴţ
ҵӣϴŲУ
޾ί֮ѹֵصԭҪҵġ
ϴǲϴ
Ҳϴ
ϴھѧԺõŵʱء
ۿת⣬ʵصҼ޸㣬Ϊ˸ϴŵģ
ͻȻˮ߷һضǣеͿޣɨˣϴˡ
˸ִһӣʮֵӲˮ֮ơѾȥ˳ϣϼææظϵ˸Ȼֹ޸ϽޣӲᡣϲɵۣʵҪŮϴţ
ĸŭ⣬о壬ǿѹﲻ¶˵ǵģҿܲӡ
ôļӣ⻹ң㶼۸ȥ񲻸ӵı䱾
ֱϺݺݵһͨɨأҴ𻰡޵ȳߺԼϣʱɫɫ죬֪ˣæȥֱۣԳϵҪٹŮܵίʲô
̾㾹Ȼ
Ҳص˭Ҫ˵
ʶôŮ㣬øмǡ
óϷʵ͸˶ˣЩ뿪ͻȻһҾҴˣڴĸ˻ŮǸԲ𡭡
ԺҲǿϴˣĸ˷ġ
ϺͲ޶һ
ϵ棿
档
ϵϴţԺ¶Ҫõ㣬ҪҪٽ֪۸Ҿ㣡
һġ
Ҳס˾䣬棿
ͻȻ֮⣬˵ǵġ
ϲ˿ͺãֻǡĿͻȻ䵽ǵĴϣԺҪѧƣҪ춼ҪڷҪʱӣĸҪζƵҰ޵ϵġ
ӵò̧ͷЩ㲻Ҫġ
ϺݺݵصһۣҲǣôҲҪָŴϵⱻҪ봺ٴؼȥŻἪ
̲סͷ˿Ѫˣɢȥ÷һ㣬ͻȻƳ͵͵طЦ
ֻͷҰ˼磬ǲɲ
˿Բ޵Щѱ˾Ͳˡ˵ꡰꡱһЦ
޲΢Ц⣬ղ˵ģҪҺãģ
Ҫſţ
һƲҰѱ
΢磬涼ĶȻҪԼ
治ֱȥձӣЦķֺȻϲϲӣ
һô찡
޵ϲӣ˺ӣͲ㲻Һˡ
δء
պñӣִӹȡ˴µ̺ãߵǰҪɻûлõװͻȻ˹ȥ˫ִļϣһ£µػװ
һ㣬ҲϲŨġ
㲻˵һˣΪ¡һϲ
Ҳֻǽѣ㲻Ǻܺÿġ
һůչüЦÿ춼Ҷá
Ǻ㣬˵滰ʮֻϲסʵұлΣ㲻ΪȴҪ˵𣿡
޵֪Һ˭Ҫ
û
޵Ҳŵģ㲻˵滰ҲǶҺá
ʲôֱֱȥ˵Ҫһ͸ֿ֣ĸҪңû׼Ҳңҿɷš
޵㾡˵ʵҲ֣Ҳˡ
룬ҵӣӴֻãͲҪ˺𣿡
޵㲻˵ܲġ
ӡһ£ͻȻüѵ֪ҵ˰̣ԺҪٽҵ˰˺òãԺ¶ģţ粽뿪ߡ
Ѿã۾飬ضŵôˣҿû۸㰡ϲͻȻվ˽ĻǿЦģ˵ղŻʲôٻҺϲ
˿ԭΪԼһӡôİϤһʰԼȻѿڶˡʱԼţʶһ£ÿ˳ԼǶôİԼ
úܿ죬оůǰлһʱҲйĸоɵɻѵİˣ
Żӣ
ĻŤһ£ǰ·ϣҲ
˽ӵɿʱһЦΪᡣ
·Լþʪæȥȡ£½ġ·ϴϸַһȹ֮󣬻ϲͬʱֲɵþòѧʱ˼ȫϣϾѧû滻·ͰѳõĲ÷Ϊ
̺£˳˷䡣
кܶˣ̺㡣Ͳ޶ֳ֡ȥ˿˶þȣΪǶ֪˴ǰǲ͵ġ


08£
ϯճһλãԱǳϡϼ˳һοЦݣֵԱߡ
۱Ȿǲ򸾵λã˲⣬ֻøеˡ
̺һֻһ̣ϡжжŮŮв壬ֻȲСһ꣬ŻòҲ൱һŮʮֽ꣬вϲ֣ڳǰӣһʮ꣬вЖǰ飬һĬԵᡣһ꣬ţûд
ϹжһŮ˲Ͳ֮⣬иܵܽв̕ʮһꡣ޶Եܵһ۰ʶˣһһֵܽá
ָ˭ͷת˭˼ҷ׷񣬶޶ԡ޽ʱ˿޼ɵصô࣬鷳С˼ֻԼһûֵܽãͻȻһòʡ
˶һϺϵɫ̫ÿע㡣
ͻȻֲԼʵ£
徹󵨵ص濡
ڳһа٣Ӣţֻϧͽ㶼ֻ˵Ĳã˵Ƕˡ
޵һۣ֮ɫȴֲʵڿ㣬ô
ܺá
ʵҶ㲻á
ⲻ¡
һΣ޵ûУҷ˵ⲻ¡
ҲһۣصԼŮҪܺá
ϲŲ̺㲻ڣ޼ɵصԼŮҪҪ޹أ㲻Ҫ¡ŮŮҲܹܡ
Ҫ𣬱סȰڣҪƽϡ
ľʣһĳûмɵöԲ޲ͬ顣ǵ§ļ磬صޣҴӦ㣬Ժ檡
һ㶣޸жӯֻǵڶ˲ǿסû
Ϻ϶ΣŲųһݵСĸʰæ˵ĻϲֶϸϸĴֵ֪Ϊûϻعϱ߸еңռسǣܹٱֱ۶ǣξүԲߣû
һ˼Ѱ˼˶ЩʱͻȻŲ޵ȥֶԳһҾ첽ȥˡ
ʵͬ£ǰȥţ
ǱӦ֮ߣŵ㿴
ɵмƲߣ
ͷһţʵ㲻ң
޵ţҵȻ㡭ֵղлл㡣
ؿΪҪĶأһˣʲô²
һΣ˵㸸״ֻĸһӣֵܽãȻòҺһ¶Ҫ˼Ҽƽϡ
Ų׼ǲǣ
޵ֺ֪αعʣ
ҶѾ㱣֤ˣô
޵ΪģԲҪл㰡
޵þܣ
޵Ҳϲٸ˵ġĸһҺãԺҪҵֵܽõУֻиܺҺõġ
Жᡣ
޵Ҳ̫ܶãҲϲġ
һЦѾߵ̺µĵطҪȥͨ˽סŲһش˽ȥξһȵ󵨣Ǻˣô
̺æϢŭҵֶΪβͨһԴ˽
񣬶Ų̺һݣܵξ
̺ŮҲڣ͵ޣΪҲķҪ֣
ӵ£Ҫ
ѾᷳԲ̴̺ˣǻΪء
̺㵱еˣ͹үСȥ
еתܵ٣֪Ҫʲô
ߵȻıԡ
ɴ˼ã˲
ŭ֪СҲ˵
̺Ҳŭȵò񣡡Բ޵ɷȥ
޴󾪣ǿ߰ɡ
ߣԲ̺ǿңҲÿҸǰ󽫾ϣҰѻ˵ꡣ
һĿת̺㣬ǻ֮󣿡
̺ͷ֣֪кλ˵Ŀܵˣȿ˵Σ˵òãұػʰ
ܵû顣
˵Ϊߣ̣˲ŭţǲ̣սذܡ
ɫ˵㾹б
֮Դ޵ҹ꼢ģ͢ȴ˰ۣʹΪ޵ٱ񷴡ΪӦ֮ضڹߣһڲޣʵزģɱ¾ʹĲλ˲ҪһζԱѹ
ܵԱѹֺƽң
ʵ֪жٱ
ܵϿ֮ԭ࣬Ȼǰֻܼʣǧڡ
۶عжٰգ
ܵʮ򡣡
Ƿпּûģʹķʮնȥ˵ǧױʮΣ
㶵ǲ
ԣǹ׶ӦԣΨķδ֮ǰ˸δʧ֮صĹ۶ǣԿ֣ʹķǷٹ¼سǣģʱݸԮ֮ȰսΪ֮٣ʹķϷ
̺ӣǵͷа̾Ϊ֮˵̴ˣΣ̺ѻϲ֮øղŴʾǸ⡣ܵҿĲԺܺã֪Ƿи߼
̹߲ܵţĳķڷ
˵лˡ
֮ƣ־ϸãվܼǰȥ̺ڳмǿ۶֮񣬲񰲸ġ
ȥֶ̺ͣҲ˵ЦҸ
˵СһҪ˵
̺ã㽲ϸ
СΪϡΪ̫ӣպҡ
Ϊ۶أӦھΪʱĲ־һΪأͼΣʩ֮ʹչģӶũɣذȡ
ӦӽǹȰ׳ʵˣ´ңӵһ֮ڣͼһҵԱһƽ츣ڰգ񲻱ھֻΪʵһҪöࣿ
̺ϴԣ֮ǰضķնȻ޴棬ʵ
֮̾ұ
СֻǴʶԣϸ֮Ҫи˲߻Ӧ޲ſΪá
̺üͷſǲľô׵֮ͻȻֵǰһε繫ӿĶʱѣ
֪˼˵ǡǣŭСΪ
̺ʧ۾ĳڴﲻѶ뷨Ѱ˼Ƭ̣˵û飬Ⱥӻȥ밲
̺㣬̾һ˻֡ǣŲ޳š


09
һ£ƽϢⷽʲڹǧͶ̺㣬ټԸҲǧ֮࣬۶֮򡣳ѧ֮ʿȰũȴʩҲһһ뻮ʵʩС
̫ظס˽£ǹĸֻʱֵѩɽ·ܳС
֪ؼңҲ츸ͻȻȥ˵ҪҪʱԶԶԺ轣òվţ򣡡ͣʵ£
óѽҽ
࣬ܲˡ
ߵǰ˵ֻҪϽ̣Ҳ¡
ģҲͦȤ͵˵ͷ˵ðɣȽٽơ
徫ذѽ˳ǰƽ٣ʵǲӣ
ҡͷԣƣ˫ŻҪֿ
΢΢һЦ岻ô֣ͽ̡
Ů汿ֽŶȴѧס˵Զˡ
岻ˣصǽƽʱǲҲҽѧ
δ̹ǽ̵ĻضֽŶġ
һɫ˵һᣬֻƭƭѡ˵ţһ̧ȹӣŷֿվΣ
ٰѽƽ١
͵͵һЦͻȻʧ֮״һ˹ȥʼϲϽַȴԼ֣˽ĻȻ󡰰ѽؽһվȡ
֮Ͻƿ˫ѸٵرסԼɵס
޼״÷ȥȵʲô
󾪣ƿ壬ޡղŲţҷѡ
ЦһС򲻹ֻǷһ¶ѣôˣպɸ̻ؼң㲻
С̶ˣ㱣֤檡
ЦôֻΪĸף˵ء
޶ԲССͲѧã˵Ĺ֪ô
⻰ľΣ޵涼ҿˡ
Щĸңýģ
޵ãҲ㣬ԺҵģҲӭ뿪
塰ߣһ˭˵ԺˣԺǲ̼ҵģȻѾ˳ȥٻǿˣԺǲ̼ҽӴõġ
ֱţȥľͷƵɵûϼ͡Բٲߣȥе㣡
ֻŵ㣬۸ҺĸףڼҲᣡ˵ŷ߷ߵˡ
ǿ۽磬ǰΪûֵܽãʮֵĹµղֵ֪ܽõĿɱÿˣǰҪ§˵ЩȰĻȻ֣ȵң
֪Լæ͵ޣʲôҲûҪҡ
޿ŵǰ˵ʲôˣҽ㲻ǺãȴƫҵĻҪҪ컯֮¸§§ǳҪҶԲԣ
޵ᣬɵۣȲҪˣҴӴĻûҲ˵ˡ
޼ؽݣ׷ȥԭһκòãҴСҲûʲôˣҾԭңԺҲˡ
޲𻰣ڲˣתͻȻǰסҲſǲˡ˲һԼĴϡ
˵˵ʱֻҪҺ㣬ͻῪĵġ
ողűڻң
ղֻңұû˵
ͶͱͲܾܾҿɫûɫ뽫ƾͼƵ±ҷ֣Żԥôһ¡
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޺ݺݵشһȭ˵˭
Σ㵽ſԭң
޲𣬽еſң
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޵ԭԣҪ˵ã´ٷô죿
ô졣
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޵ٷҰŶļҷ㣡
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޵ĸܶ⻰˵һ㶼û
㾹˵ͲҸ
޵ȥ˵⻰ڼʱѾ˵ˣ˵öء
棿㣿
ôѪˣҲûңͻȻصҶ㣬Żȥ֪ˡ
Ȼˣı㣬Ҳ֮£òļҷ
Цݣ֪ˣʮָˡֲۡɵÿýĶѣҪȥֵס촽ңһҪ˵ء
ʲô£һ˵ɡֱһ£Ͻһ졣ûȥĶͷ
޲ôߣƿ˵ٺ֣ҪҪ˵ġ
˵ʲô£
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صҲ٣Ҿȥ˵
ɫ΢ʵأ
ɵһΪѵ飬һʱ˵ϻ
˵ҵطͰ˵ȻеҪ䵽ʵҲȥִеˡȥͿҵϴӦ˺𣿡

޵պ٣Ҹ㣬㲻ɽˮ͵Ϊһ£Ӧ˰ɡ
ֵҵףһة౻ᵽط٣㲻֪ҪܶôĴһϯΪٵһҪ츣ڰգȻȴأΪİӣѵֺҲϰô
ȥεε˵ҵĺ÷͵ΪһģӦ˺
һ˵Ϊܹ֮ܲһӶȥҵɣӦöΪǵĽ룬һһҲҪһƷءܰ۶úãҾȥƼθߵĹְĲŻͼ屳ֱǳ¡
ȻʵһƷˣ
Цν٣ҵȻҲϣΪҴҫģʹδһƷˣֻҪܹгϢƷϹְҲʮֵĿġ
ʵǾûгϢ
һ㶣˵ǵģҪᣬڡȻҲǺܺãҺϲ
һҲܸ˵ҫأ᲻ң
޲ŸշֲԾͻȻƿлһŮ˶һȨñȰ黹ҪأҺڰ㡭ˣ
һʱ֪룬ҪߣæȥˣҲ˼ҲлˣʵⰮģֻҪҺþˡ
ھȥ˵ǲҪʲôˣֻƽƽ̸̸㲻Ҫҵ𣿡
֣˭ֻ֪᲻ڵģ
޵һӶڣңҪ뿪Һ𣿡
Ȼˣھ͸ҵǰ˵Ҳ֣ӴҲҪǰٵ¡
޿ЦŵãҸһȥ
ͻȻǰᣬĴ³˵ҪӣͿޣĸΪ۸㣬ң಻á
ЦãҲˣ֪ǶҺõģԺҪ㣬Ҷվ㡣
ҲЦˣǾͲ˵㲻Т
ƲԼɷдҲֻܣҵĸĸҲ㣬ӴҵԭûʲôТТġ
ڿ˵Ҫңôˣ
޵ΪҵܣнҪ˼
ľͬ飬˵Ҳãţʡ鷳
ʵʲô鷳
ڵ鷳
ˣ
ѵǳô
޵ߣ˭ȢСĻ鷳Ҳҵġ
ˡ¼ô˵ã
޲˵Ϊҡ
ҵӣ˭
޵㰮ô˵ô˵
˵ûֲǲ֪ҪҵҪˡ
޵һۣ˵ǲ鷳һҪȰһҪһؾҼмҲǣ
ʵ㻹Ұ㸸׵ģǲǣ
Ҫ˵ǣֹҰٲǰ㣬ƢΪˣҿߣȴ˵ҵߡ
ҲŲΪߣֻҳ㸸£һڼûϡֻ֪ԼܹڸĸԣҲһ룬ǹ¶ĸôֵܽãһʲô£һ˭չ
Ȼò
ǰ׸·ˣ
޴ĿȻβ˵ȴҪĵҷ𡣡
ڣӦӦðȥؾ
޵ȻӦá
Ǹ˵
޵˵Իá
ЦǾͺã¶ΪҴ׵Ըһӡ


10

Уѩ֮ƣ·ͨò޲ڣ򵥵شЩһѽһ滻·׼ԶеģװС͵Ų޻
޼ţʵôҪȥ𣿡
ֵҿȻǳʱԻдѩסЩʱգʱٻȥɺã
ó᲻뿪ҵġ˵ֻǴһ˳ȥúţһ㡣
޾һҪİ
ȥ涫ҵǰһλˣȥС
޼㲻һȥ
ʮҪһҪҵġ
޵ʲô˲𣬷Ҫ԰ɽˮȥ
㲻Ҫ߰Ϊȫ³Լޱˡ
޺ܲ˭˵Ŀˣǻô
Ļźá
ֵй䣬Ҹ׵ĲξҸǰʤ̣ÿһζԱ߳ıߡΪԶԶģ֪ǲǻΪǿù
죬⣬˵˵ˣΪΣ
ΪСĻģ
ֹʲô°
˵ģõط㿪ģȥһǿʮң㲻ǻҪʮ
޻ϲ˵Ļѵ㶼ס
ЦһӶˣĻҲס𣿡
޵ȻҪȥֺβЩңҺ׼Щ·Ķ
ҳдҪǰ׼ԶԶ飬Ȼ·;ңԶʱ粻ֻһƥһѽٶĶΪ׸
޵ɲУҲ׼ģһ·ϳʲôɽô찡ҪЩȥֵҿǹľɲֻ͸ȥҲ᲻
Ĳ˵ĴС㽿
޺ݺһ£ŬҪҸ㳳ɣ
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޵ʲôʵھдţ׼ȥ
סɺ֣岻һˣȥˣҲδġ
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ΪǵĽ
޵Ҳס
ã㣬ǼھǵΣ
Цǻ˵Ȼȥɻʵ󽫾Ǳţ֮࣬ةʱ򶼲ġ
˵ЩҸһĹʵҪǽɢĻҲԸġĵǣϡ̫ӣҰĲȻŪ´ңǼΪȵùһ֮࣬ݵң
޵ҹʲôϵ
һΪ׳ʵΪһ´ңȰԸܵĳ͢ñ
޾ҵı
񳯸ٰܻ̰аԵʵִľʹ췴˶ǣʱ޶ԣ֮
޵أ
Ȼ͢Ҫȥƽһıֻض˹ƽֲģֱ·һ
޵һǺܵģ췴һ֮·һʧܣҪİ
㲻غ£һص֮ͰѸϵĴ¶ɹҵʱضиƺƴ¡࿡ܣǷѣ͢ضӦԡ
޵أ£ǻھǣ̫Σգ
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һ䣿ǰɻӿͷʵ䵽ʲôˣΪʲôź㶼
˶ٵұ㣬ܲһ㣬׼ʵģҲֻǴ֪һ㡣Ϊݣ裬Ҳһܽү
޾ȵѹҸ
ɵʲô
޵ȻȨƵλ֪㿴ߵģΪһȲ֡
һʱż𱸵ܵˣ
޵Ҳӣ˵ע㡣
Ҳ˺ġ
޵Ϲˡ
ԺҪ
޵һġ
ãͲ˵Щˣھȥаɡ
޵һȡݣôණ·ôð޵ҪһȥЩԼõģòġ
ҳȥ·;ңԶֻ֪ס涫̽ϢҪһµģʲôְ
޵ٷϻ޷ȥȻҪġ
ȥ¡
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һ˵ĴС㣬ֻҵ鷳
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ȳԲ˿࣬־ʹСӣ鷳
޵ҿԸĵģһ·϶֣˰ɣ
˵ףҪȴѡ
޵ţھ㱣֤·ҪǸ鷳ҲҾġ
ɲҪڡ
޵ġ
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һ£ʮֲģ˵õĶѾģͲٹҵˡ
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޵Ҫȥ֧Щӡ
ˣʮƽʱŵġ
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ˣһ·Ǻס꣬Ҫʱ䡣
ȴ֧ǧƱдӣ˵ؼԺ͹⣬ҪôǮΪΡ޵ǰҺϵ꿴һź飬ֻȼСһ㣬ҪǧӡҵʱģһʱôǮһ㣬ȴ˵ݳޣûҿڡγԶóûҪǲ֪ǿ鵽׻ڲڡ
Ȼϲ飬βЩ˵һ취ġ
޵ɲװεģΪҿŵҩҪҩ˵Խϳ˵ҩЧԽãԲʱʱš
ҲдӣֱдŻȥǮǡ
޵˿ģϴҲ˵ʲôˣҿɲ˼лᱳǻʹΪѵġ
ǿȥ˰ɣ
޵Уǰһţȥ飬ɱ˼ȥ
˳·˴ϲ𣿡
޵ôصĶɴ·ϣغȥ
üͷе
ڻû·أɱô鷳ˣ
˵޸ôã㶼ûȥء˿㶪Ϊβȥһ죿ҪǾƺߣ۶ȥʹҳȥתһòã



11ѱ
ӦޣƳһ·ȥ̺˵ȥ⣬̺㿪֮޼Ÿ׺ϴγƽϢңҪȥҸ˻νڣʲô
ʱһЦһȥ
޲ˣôþҷĹͣӦø㽱
ٴĹҲǽģб¾Լ͡
ʱ˵صСҪʲô
޵һ۵˭죡
һ㶣
޶õĹ;ҵĹͣûй͵ģҪҲҪˣۺ죬պԼҲ޸÷
죬˶ռˣôõĸ
ľʣ̺ŮԼŮܣҲΣΣȰҪٳˣ˵öԣǲ̼ҵȷͲСӦģֻΪһֱæûʱ˼ˡ˵Ҫʲô
֪ҪʲôͿŲޣ˵ϲʲô
޵͵͵һ죡ֵƳһ۲壬ŵҪ˵ãŮҪʲôҪӦС
̺Ҳû룬Ӧˡ
Ǳ߲弱ǽʨӴ󿪿ô찡
̺Ӧ£ܷڣޣ㾡˵ɣֻҪеģԸǡ
ؿӣֻЦŵξ˵һƥǧ￥ʵҪ·Ǻã
˵ǧȻˣּ̺ЦޣԭʱſڵġֻǧȴƥҰξΪѱ͸ģ·
һİɥ˺ˣȻǲҪˡ
ֲ̺˵㣬ֻǲҪ·ˣ
ѱ
һ̺һܹѱģǳʮ̡
ֻһԣУٶʱҲһġ
̺ͷǺðɣͲһԡ
һ˳ҰԹһɾֻһϸëѩʱͻȻһԶԶƥһĵƥȥͻȻ쭣˹һ
ҿݣȥһְŹϣһѾץסһŵؼץ֣ץëߣϣͷصײһ¡
޵У
̺ͲҲ˰ѺȴûҪ˼ɴϣڡЩʱҰˣֱͣӣصҡ
޵㻹֪˼жൣ㣿
ѱ
ͻȻʵѱأҲҸҴģ
ֱӻȥޡ
ʵ򲻸ң
˵ͷŵʲô
Ц֮ǰΪʲôӢۺúȴû뵽ԭôҽģԼС˵仰ҲҪɫ
СȷʵˣұͲʲôӢۺúһȫǵ˶
޵ӢֶۡԲ˭˵Ӣ۾ͲԼӵĻģ
ǽӢеӢˣĪ
ҲصԼ֪á
㣡治
ʵղҪҶʲô
ҪɫǻǲҪҶΪá
̺ȵ壬ɺ֣
Ŭƫ㣬ҷϡ
̺һٲ˵ˡ
ѾӦˣҪҿԸĵģ㻹ʲôģ
ֻһ˵㲻ˣµòҸҶˡ
Цڼҡ
˵ʵѡ
˵ǾͲҪˡ
һû뵽ȫȻЧֻ˵ˣˣ͵ÿ춼Σ
һһֻֿۣµȷʹ˵ĿԣͷҲĹƣʳٳٲЦʵѾˣǲǣ
ްһ۵˵
ʵСֲϵǵ˵ϣҪԼܾҵҪ󣬿ɽȴƫ⣬ԽԲԣ
סľͶģһӮҷô
ȷʵδӮңӣˣ
޶õҪˣԺǰ֡
붼ӦʱҰЪÿˣҪ쭣Բ޵ʲô֣
̺δȡ
ӣְɡ
۹֮룬˵ͽӰΣ
ܺãΣ
̺ͷȷǸ֣ѱҪİ
һġֿ˷ţѰӰǣǹԹԵģ˿ܵӡܴ뵽ĵطҡ˵ţѾȥ
޾ϲѱˡ
δ䣬ӰͻȻǰֱ޴ʧɫҪȥȴ̺סСģ
Ԥһץס֣ϣӰΣ͵ͱһȻûдˤӰָŵأ๾ŵܵɧͻȻ֣ӰΣҰϴ󲻸ˣͻȻ쭣˻һΧ˹ȥ͵һ˴˳ȥ
޼״󾪣æ׷ȥ
ӰȦһʱ񱼣һʱͻȻͣס׷ʱѾ׵ϣСıݺݵһ£һʹࡣһס֣Ϊ˫ϥƲסȥӰ˰ٶףϥǱѪܡʧɫеְ
ѵƳŵأûзĵ˼ʹò޴󼱣ʮֵİΣʱ̺Ͳ̸ϵһ亹
ӰǰɣͻȻŵأַȥӰ񱼣ת㲻ˡ˵û죬Ѱӡ׷õһ£Ŀһ£ܿû㱼ĺۼס˻ģ
ٽ±ߣ¿ʮɣ԰Եͣ³ˤ̺Żæвȥ˵±ߴֻ֣пչȻ
̺߽ã˿ޣȥˣ㲻صġ
޲ţ˵ʱֻɽһС·ϣ޲ϲ˹ȥֻϹʧ䣬ͷ棬·ҲϥԺֽϻжദ˺ۡ۲ѣȴŬ죬Һˣ
ЦӮˡ
˵ţѵ޸ǰͻȻŵϣ߰ӰƬ̳ڵĵߡһסӣʲô
㲻ҪҴȥ𣿡
һˣҪһȥҩ
Ƥ֮ˣҳݡ
ްһЦ͵͵صһİࡣƵģʵ᲻ᷢ쭰
ͻȻϣĥ£һЦҲˣ˵˵ң
תȥҪҪҶӰᷢġһٶȴ֪ԭŻԼģֱڱ͵͵طЦң


12ҹ

ϥϵΪأܿͷˣòƳЩʱһѩٴ׼ѾʮԺʱ˲̺㸸ӺͲ֮⣬ξҲ͡
֮ϴΣʱıѩڽҲʱ꣬Ե·ʮСͬһһ·ϲδж谭֮®Ϣգղ·н涫ؽ磬һǰŴŵĵطѺˣֻ¶Ұ⡣
ȥʰ˲𣬲Щˮֻصһйĳ˲ɵһЦЦŵдյʱ䲻ߣΪβʣ
ɵ㵽ˣ
ȸңΪβʣ
޵Ȼʣһֱģ˵ˡ
̾û˼һΪһܲĵġ
޵ٷϻ˵ǲʲôԲҵ£
ԺȾǵ¥Ҫȥ޵ۣŭָϽϧûнȥ
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ֻ·Ҫڰûʱȥ˵ǲǿϧ
ڱǻˣݺݵ˹ȥ
ҲȻӴȡһ˿ŵģݸ޵ҳȥΪ㡣
޶ңԣûôף
ĲҪ
޵Ҳϡ
ãӵ˵ҪӣͻȻȥ˹˵ҵģô˵ӾӣЦͣ˵Ҫġ
޵˵ҪͲٺң
Ͱ򿪿ϲϲ
Ѿʼ⣬֪ʲôԼһԭһذףһһűɫı񡣲ɵóһԴ˾ƶһȴЩʧΪЩԼϲ뵽һҲ˼͵ó֣һҶҲЩϲģذҽȥɱ˰
㲻ϲ
޵˵ҵʲôȤζ
ˮһıķҪأضܶ࣬ذΪ˷õġ
ƲͲᱣңذǲǵʱ˾Ͳˣ
ǰ㱾ԭܷˣټذףѾ޵ˣĻõŹ㣿
֪ЦԲ̫ƽϣʵͲ͵˼Ķң
ǣ㻹ʲô㣿
޵Ҳܣǲȱû͹ңһҶܵҪЩֵġ
㿴ϵǿ鱦񡣡
ϸһи֣лع黹һ飬ȻҸ˵еĹ¡˵ҳʱ򣬸͸ҵģǰҵĶ࣬ɱСŪˡ
²Żϲ˵⻹ࡣ˵ŽذСպãͻȻָֻһꡱһ͵͵ؽвޱ𶯡һΪɽûȴСĵĳಡһԼ˹ʧɫ۾ļһһᣬֲûоʹ´ɣһŵɫࡣֻЦץһߣԼǰȥ
صһɣ
ҵػֽеˣҲɣ
ſһץסߣ˵§㡣
޾ɫδҡͷӵҪҲҹȥġ
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޵ųһ亹˲࣬ͻ˽ʵ
ˡ
ɫһƭң
ϵǰ˵ǿԡ
תͷȥ˵ôĵĶҲԵġ
ˣһ§㡣
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ƤˣͷһŽ￾֮һƬͷݸ޵ԣġ
޽ŽɣСĵҧһڣоȷԼеôģǲŷĵس
ԼҲԣְѲһ£˵ôԶҳ㲻ɣ˵һЦ޾ô˻ϤһǰǸҹǰЦſ˹ȥ˵㡣׼ҪԸժҶô
΢΢һЦӰȡһƥһƥδü֮ǰԥžġܸɾҶöˡ
ôõĽֻ˲Ӱɡ
޵͵ġ
Ķ治ٰ
޵ΪҺŻ͡
˵ԼãҲʱ˵ҿýģС˵л׼
Ĳˣ˵㣬ǲǣߣ컯֮§§Ҫ
ĵЦˡ֪ʱʼϲģ
գʪʪģ⣬˽ӵܳٲſ˻𣬰ƮɢԶĵط˺濾ЩʱӲſʼůͻȻһ죬ʮΪ׵һλ꣬ͱԴЩִ˵ҲЯǳԵġ
һԶһ£ͻȻǰײɢشŲ˳𽣵ǰʧʵʲôˣ
صָײꡣ
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󵨣֪˭
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ͻȻЦλйŮҰ¶ޣ͵ʲô
ָŲ޵
üͷҷʲô£
ԾСжʧ䣬ͻȻһˣ
ŮĴߣеɱ
޾ŵؿô죿ͻȻƿҾЦصλ磬л˵
ûʲô˵ģҾҪŮˡ
ҲɱҰ
ɱ㣬ԺͷϣҶʲô˼
ģֻҪҲҲҵġ
Ϊ˱ʲô
ǺãԲƻĶĶ
ǮҼеǡ
ж٣ûҶࣿһӵĻƽ𣬾ɽ£ɱңھʹȥȡ
һгһǵλԸߵȦǰ˵䣬漴ͷûƭң
Цôƭ㣿
Ʋģ㲻ȥҰְɡ
һգѵҲҰ֣
ߵٸʹԻС
Բģ԰ѵܵҲϣҰ֣ҲӲġ
Ѱ˼Ƭ̣ӵ㣬ȥѵܵϡ
ӦʹһѴ󵶣ֽס
ˣȥȡĽӣûУСԴ
еɽ·;᫣
Ҳ룬Ͳ¸
ֵУӲԸȥģ˿˿ɲҵ¡
üͷһеӣҽУ
ֱţŻ´󺣣⿴ҵδˣҪˣҪԴ˵꣬Ѻȥˡ



13

޶Զеʮֵĺ¡ͻȻŻǰһ͸ذףȵվסٹɱ㡣
ŻЦصСˣö֣
ǳ´󺣿ϽŻļιӿϵ˰
Żһ˿Һתˡ
´󺣵˲һۣȵɲܵ⣡
ľȥͻȻ뵽ȥӰ´һǣˡ޵һֻñ۾ˡ
ãͻȻһʯҵļϣĽһ´󺣺Żͬʱ˹ȵʲô
һ˫ֽסذףͻȻһӰоϲǷ
ʾҪҽУͻȻԾžž´󺣺Żˡ޾ϲ˹ȥ㺦ҵ£Һˡ
ڲˣ㡣
޾ɵЩأôԸǵģ
ȱʣǸϿ뿪˵˵ὣȥǵͳͳɱȻϰӰ·ȥֱ˶ʮԶԶ·һͤͣЪţЦǰǴȴƲ첻˵Ҹղ˵ĻΪס㲻ҵɣ
޵ѵһ㶼һᱻ𣿡
ôףĸҰ
޺۾ףҲֻǸŮӣ㾹һҲ룡
ˣѾȳ𣿡
˽޵Ҹղ˵Щǵģҵˣ
ͻȻװ㵣ģһԴء
޲Ӵף
Ǵ˿ڿ˵δӣܲԴף
Ҫô˵ô˵һӶӣòųԴס˵ţڲˡ춺һ¡һʱ㻹Щ
ʱôˣûΪѵǣǵȻҪң
δ䣬ͻȻ޴󾪣§ס£ء
޼βʲôƣƲһ˵ġ
˵ţѴ׷ǰȴֻʮˡеߣΪɱҵҾûа취׷𣿡
Ц̨ôӳɽģ
ŭ㾹ˣңҽɱ㲻ɡͻȻſ˵ӽԺӣ
ÿЦ֮˫§˵ʹ˴𲻴Ӧ
޳֮ͽҷ˵㣡
ͻȻ䣬Ѳŵֽŷҿֹ죬ӽýֱָ꣬Էж޾֮еб͸ҷһһĴ򣬲Ҫ˶࣬Ҫˣ걻һ󣬡ʹ磬ҵĽ
ſޣվԶһ㣬ǵûץ㣬ͺҡ
޵ͷҲĵġ
ȥҲ˵ὣ̡⧲·ƣΪÿԲ˵Ƥ⣬ص͵Ϯʲô¡ܾǴܣòŶϻ쿴аɡ԰գֱָؿڣȥֻ˶ϾУǲ󳷡
Щ¼״æ޼״󼱣е޳ܣ
Էʮ˴һΧûп϶ֵģһһУתȥ޴󾪣ҡ
ͻȻӽһɨڵͻὣ˫ſȥת͡һ浹ءߣὣָеɱˣ
һ֪ԼʮҲвֻ˿ӵŲ۶ȥǰһգһС˴̽˵˵ǻа·̣˼ҿջס¡
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ôӡ
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ٸ򣬾顣
ůůһЦҵķб¡
ذײغãҲߣҪˡ
޵˵Ҳ뿪ҵġ
ʳ³ԹͻȻʮͷؽᡣҡҡλεӵŲ򴲱ȥ˵Ҿúû衣
޵Ҳǡ
;һҲʹһˤϡ
޷ԼһİĴϣľɵô󾪣ģ
иѾӦͺصˣҽС꿣үԸ̺ġ
ԼиΪӣŭʲôүҷأǵʹʲôƽ²˵ˣ
Сһͷˮ˵ﲻҼδٷô
޺ݺݷһƣٸ˵ɱ㡣ͻȻЩʲôϽ䣬ҳһذףС꿣
ͻȻŽ꣬޼ߣص㡭ʲô
ֽС꿳ȥ˹ȥЦҵҪˣҪҸʲô
һϽܵطȥذָ޳ܣ
Ȼϣһ˧˵һһؽ˺ܲϲԺҳףҲҷˣ͸ҵһҲɰɡ
޵ֳһӾͳ˹ȥȥ
ЦУնţԺǶŷˡ
ɫ࣬˵ص㣬ҿз֮ңҾ͵㿴
ɹһЦ컹з֮ڲˡ
޵˵Զǣ
ɵС类ɱˣڲз֮ˡ
޸оˡһԿհף赹ڵϣ˫Խذײšת۾ͿɿɶףȻӳȥæ֮²Сĵ£ݺݵصŶɡһڻָЩͻȻذףɱȥе㻹ҷ
ץס֣ȴôҲֻüһľ롣˵Сʲôã㲻Ӵ֮͸ҰɣҶżмҲᣬһٻóġ
޲صҴӴֻиĲ
ɵȱѻ˵ڵġ
޵㣬ҷ汻㺦ˣ
ɵĻм٣㲻Űãͽ˰ͷ㿴˵ű˳ȥ
޴󾪣Ҫ
ɽ˰ŷûȥǷޡЩʱ


14

Ÿӣһ͹Ķÿ鲼ţѪܡ޼״ŵû겻壬ЦҰСӵͷ˹Ҳҿ
޲ͣشĳýѵǰȥǲҽҿǿѪͻȻԶɵŻң
ɵԼҿСӵͷտģء
һץסˮߵһ龵ǰգʼҵͷˣԸѾͷ֬ˮۡһɨŶɵϲŵװòණ
г˾Ȼ
СĵĽժŪɢͷðɫ˿ڵȥžգ⣬Сĵպøժӡ
ЦԭϲΣԺҪ١
ް֮סǿѪͷȥļϡߵüץסǿ鲼ʱ͵زһ£ȻһңɵáĽһĵ˿ŶɵСͷŻҡ
ɹЦСӾͷͱͷˡ
ްϲߣ̫ţһҵģʱͷͷ
ɵЦĶ֪ô㣿ҿ㻹ʵʵļ޸Ұɣһġ˵ţޱƽҪĶ޾͵˿һذ׺ض׼ɣɵסе£Ҷǿ
ɫǰɱ㡣
ЦûⱾ¡
޵ɱ㣬һɱòҪҡ
һֵãڿʱ㣬ҪԹԵĸҰóףھȥĸףΪա
ŭ޳ܣ
ѾȥֻͷЦصһ͵͵ҩԣȻ˯²£һδأ͸ϽȥɷӦ죬ǰδѰŹؽ޺ݺݵ˼ţ̱ڵϣҲĶ
ǶһһҹȫЩͷʳѾͷֿڿΪ̣ҧгݣѷĶ䡣ڶͷ߰˸ܡ
ɽһһݵİϣ˵ԡ
޵ԸҲĵ
ɵҲıСˣϴ˵ֻŻŻѾǧҪ档
޵Ǳ޳ܣҷֻҩˣҷ֪һŹġ
ɵߣ֪ʱҵˣѾΪǰźˣ¸³ǸüգǾͰóףڳ֮ǰұ֤ǲģͷĺˡ
˭ǣ˵޳ܣ
Цҹô˵ң⸮ϸµ˶Ѿ֪ҵδˣ˶Ҳһһ̵ĽУ벻ҳ׶ˡ
޵ôУҷܿͻһҵġ
ɵǻ㣬Ҽҹô죬Ѿ˷֮ʵ˵ô룿˵Цֹ
͵һص˭з֮ʵݵúԣ
ɵʲô֣ǳý֮һܸҪġ
޵ȥں˵˵ɱҲ
Цҿɣ
һҪųȥ˵ҶȼȢģʹСҵ㣬Ҳٿһˡ
޴󼱣ģֻңĸңҾԿ
ɵߣװŮмҲᣬѵĲģ
޵֪߳ܣΪȨƣøϽңҿԲ߷⣬Ҫѿ
ɵҷ㣬ûôףͿԶɣ˵Ҷżϱ
޵޳ܣ
ɵ㵽׳Բԣ
޼صҲԣ
ɵˣ㻹ȵõС𣿡
һ֪Ǻá
ֻɽ˸ѾԸÿһ㶼һ¡ѾһһԹ֮󣬲ɶԲ޵˰ɣ
޵ģҪԡ
ɵãԾԡ
˵㿴û£
޵֪
ɵãȡ
˽ʱ䣬վ˵÷˰ɣ
޵ԹĶ࣬ҶҲԣ
𣬡˵Ұࣿ
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סŭãҸػһǲǲˣ
޵ܲԣ
ࣿ
޵˶Ща취
ÿһ̲˶ʢҲһ㣬жһһԹãſûзҩ˵ˣ˶ˡ
һҵĵطƾʲôߣ
޵޳֮ͽڿţҳԲ¡
ɺòײסŭ˵Ժ㣬ҪԹԵġ
޵ÿ
ɺһתȥˡ
һŲ죬ŷ˹̧ĿȥǸʮĸˣһĹȹӣȹڼءģôᣬΪǶɵĸף޴ûʱ;
ŷ˷ԸѾţת˹ȥЦģԲϸش޸оӵ񣬽еʲô
ŷЦڿѽţȻòףѹɲз֮ҲҪȡΪҡ
벻˲޳ܣĸ׵ĸ޳ܣΡ
ŷ˵׶ˣ
һһ޳ܵĳ󸾣
ŷ˾ôƽľص㻹ҼҵϱҲԲѷԺҶ׿ɲܻǼġ
޵֮ңк˵˼Ц
ŷüͷ˭֮ҵģ
зֻ֮һܻ޳ܵİɣ
ŷ˵ҶȢǿ㣬ɱʶ̧٣˶٣ֵߣóˣ֪ǶŸʲô˼ңҲ㣬֪ˣȻ˼޸Ҷġ
൵û뵽ǲ޳ܣ֪Ϊǣ˵һʲôǻʼҵҲҪҼֱĻҷݵģ
ЦǲСڲ䵽Ȱ㻹ǹԹԵҼϱպú̺Ҷٹǰ򣬷Ҷ㲻תȥе˰һӣΪ¡
޼ˣذ׽˵ȵҴ㣡
˵ͣסȥŷ˵ˣˣСѾ֪ߴ硣
ŷʮ⣬˵ãԲ޵뼪ջʮʱ䣬ãҷԸ˾㡣


15

նŸˣû˵ү˵ҩ̷ĳԡ
޵ͻȥǸ˵һҶǱ޳֮ͽҾԴⲻá
ԥ˰첻ȥ֮½һȫ򷭣ȵȥ
ȥˣûү˵æ̵ȵȡ
ͻȻһҹȥ˵ͷѪ޴ֻǸ㳤ԵģԺٸңɱ㣡
ҧгݣȴҷɥ˳ȥһ߾ţ޳û˳ȥﰵҡ֪ȥǰŸôߣƾƶϺòߵǰԺȴͻȻ˻ϽڽɽȺͨʯ͵͵⿴һ£ԭǶѱӰӰ쭣ӰԺŹؽ˴գӰǲ
ްݽеˤ
ʱִˤˤòᣬЩӷӵȥŭƿˣԼȴվִȵ磡𣿻
ֻ֮ȥӰðˤȻˣȥٲ㣡һһ԰Ӱ¶֡
˹ȥֲŸմ֣ӰͻȻǰһ̧жɸڵ໴С¶ȥֻ絣µ˹ȥסĸ첲еүû°ɣɣŭ㿴𣿻
ǷȰүҿƥԣǲѱġ
ҧгݣ˰סҪñ޳
һȥ侲һ룬һȥ֪ԼӣԺػϼӷӿɾˡӲʱ汻ų׿ô죿ȥ֪Ҳĵİ
彩ֱҶֻҪװӰȻղűͷѪ˼˹ͨɹ£
һʵǲϳ𣿡
˴ˡ
ɡһ˾һţȥң
ӵү򲻴򣿡
صˣȽؽӦȥִˣȥסţκ˶׼ȥ
޶ýȶ߿͸ź󣬶԰Ӱʹɫף˵ͷ
˩֣ʹҡڵسȥˡ޳ûȥǣӰϾʱ򾪵ƥһ˻УһҿӰԣɧҵƥһϰ
Ͻ㵽һݶѺ档ֻŻŵ˻Ĵ쿴ӰͻȻֶԱһɧҸŷģٴδҡڵˡ˿ŰӰͷĵ˵Ӱԣ
⿪֣СĵǣųԺȥʱŸһţ˶ڴ̣ʮ̶ִ޲óǰÿ˸ͱһܽޡŸǲС˳ǽߣöţǣ˶Ŀһβ㱻˷֡ض°Ӱһ̫ʯ棬Щ˶Ϊģһƥ·м侹Ҳʡ
޾һţ࣬ʱֻԼغãٲصİӰˡȴΪÿζ飬ɣ㣬ŵôסѾɱ޷аӰײ˹ȥ⧲ײ޻ûܰײת˹
Ѿʵʯϣ󺰵ıɱ׷򣿡
ʱԺѸΧ޵ŶɺһϽͻΧȥɿ׷ϣǣҲҪڸ
ҵţȴָŽдĻԺţγ岻ȥģʧ֮һݣȳ岻ȥѶŸüȮҲԳһڶֱײѲϵðӰǰŶɳ˻Сɵŵ÷쭣
ҪûܣͻȻһѲȥԭһӣߴӢ䣬۾Ʊˣɵһֻһңæȥ°ݵߵ
ԭ׶ź⣬Ƴ˲һۣ޻ɫӣ
źԶӵҪȢλС㣿
ɵǵģ
źƲСַԸһˣλСͻطȥ
䣬һӼױĵǹҪѲ޺ȵԼߡ˵һ߰Ӱܻȥˡ
ѰӰԺԺʿ°м»ӵóȥţЦŽߣӣӰӲӵõ
صٷϻӲȥҲס
ɵţڿ쵽ˣĸ׻ûѼ͹
޵һۣһƥѱһûõˡ
ɺߵͻȻǰ㲻رסס°ͣչȥһ£ϷſŰ·Цѱѱ㣡
ʮֿ־壬һ촽־ö֮ǿԼİ·ѩ¶֮ʱͻȻذף۾ȥɼæһ޸еһ£Ƿѣذ׵Լؿڲǰ㿴
ɾδؿڲǷĻɱ
˵ӰԱߣɺȥ
ɵãҹ˰ϳȥҪ
޻סӰȵ˭ңҵģ˭ȥ
ɵƥˤΣұݺݵؽѵѵ
൵ãֲˤң
ɵô
޵ҵȻҪ
ɵǿͷôܰ
޵һҶұ뿴ԼĶǴߡ
ɾʮ̶ִʲôˣǶżͷ˼ң
޵ȻͷΪҪҴҷߣ
ɵΪҼʲôҲɱѾǸˡ
޵˵Ҳ磬ȥ˰Ҵˮ
ɵҪˮʲô
޵ղŰӰ˰죬Ҫϴһ¡
ɵˣ̴ˮ
ŭ㣡޳ܣ
УÿҪϺõĲϹ
ɵãˣ̱ϺõĲϡ
޵ţ
ɵ㻹ʲô£
޵Ҫǣһƥ
ɺǺЦҪĻĸģ
һ
ֵˣǹӦǣƥĸŲįǲҲģ
޳ܣ˭ˣֻڲҩҵҪһƥʳ
һ㵣ʮȥ


16

ԺӱԺصʵʵûܵĻᡣöŷ£֮˵һѻˡ˴Ҵȥ߶ŷˣŷ˻ðɣ޴һܡ˺ŷ˼£ֱյԼĸѾϡ
ްѷʮʵô˫ֽذסѾʮżΪʱҪˣȥŷˣ˳ٳٶǺĵ˼ʱûƽҲûѾ˿־֣뻹Լְ֮ҪǴҼļҶײš
ȻЩѾ˴
ֻǽеУ㲻ܽȥ
Ӱ˻У޲ɵһǸˣĵߵűߣվһʮλã룬Ҵɱ㣡
泳Ƭְ̣ѾһҲûˡֻŲƽǰһ£һţһᣬͻȻһŷ˽ʵڲС޿һӰ̧Žûԥһ˳ȥеȥ
Էס漴عͷһεһذ׵£е㣡
ţðҲҪɱǲҪļˣ
£˽ȴû뵽˵Ļ컰ί֮һѽƿûĵģ֪ңҾͲùڣ裬ˣ
һЦǰȥ˦סڿЦأҲˣ
ʲôЦͷüֹʱ˳
ͷѰĿ⣬ԿˣٿˣҵĴǸ
㻵ˣ
һЦãһ㡣޷ӦѴչȥһ£˵úÿడ
ޱȥѽ˿أ
ͷȥʮѾվһţһż£ЦҾˣҽ˼ġ
һ£ݵúԣǱҪӣȻһôҵİ
ЦϲƣҾʵظˣǸҪӵˣҵģ˵ɲɣ
޵ɣĺɣȻЩǲɵĻĻ
ǣҴȥ壬һܸˡ
סߣ֣һ㶼ҵģֻĹ塣
㵣ôˣڲѾû𣿡
޵˵ֻҵҵĶѣûеĹңۿұ˼ҹȥȴ˼ȥĹ塣
ǵģһֱ㣬Ҳ㡣ǱҩڶͲˣĺܵĵģҵץס֣ŵԼϣˣݵģ˰ɣ
޴ǣſ̧ͷϸؿˡ۾ﾡǰ
㻹ҵ
ǳǳһЦˣôĻҶͷתĻ
ͻȻѹʵڵʵңûжô
һţŲң
ҵȻǲĸԸıǸġǿ۸㰡
޵أΣҪ𣿡
͵һ£еУɶ˵ûУͳȥѵһ٣
޳شңУô
һȥʣ
޵˶ôأ
㱻۸Ҳһȥߣ
޽еţûң
һΪң
޵㣬պܵỳҡ
˿תŭΪϲԭˡֵһҲûУ
ʲôһ㣡
ôһ㣬ûУ
תͷȥ͵͵صҲСĳһ£ϴˮ
̿˾ˣֲԸģõϴˮ
޵Ҷģ
ˣҳȥܹ壬Ǹˣϵһʹأ
ɵǸͷôԼĶӣ
˵ͷݴʷ֪Ǳǿġ
޺ߵҿδأ֪˵ȶӻҪ޳ܣ
ǲˣһ֪ˣô˵Ҳǹѣ¿ɱʧ
ŲҪߣֹסһ£ǵĶаӰҪϡ
˰֮ǰٰŪ´ҡ
ΪΣ޽ǰܲɣ͵ذӰ˵ˣʮȤҲ̰棬ͺһһ֣ԺŵļѾһš
ǰԺΧˮйͨżӳ˿治٣ͷЦ˲Ĳ١էһп𿩴˶һʱһƥĴһһŮ˳˻æóһֱ嵽ǰʱźԶڼҷ̺򣬵˾е̶ӻȴȵشڶϣǶŷ˼״޵ȥʿŲǰͣذź顣
źֽͣӭȥסĿ֮±Ųʱϸĵذɢʵͷӵ棬תź⹪
һӣǶö
źҡͷ̾ߵصŲңֶ־ѾʮָϷˣôҪֶл
ǺһЦԲ޵ӣǹĺѶһμиɡ
޶Ŷ΢΢һȴתѾǵһμˡ
ź󾽣æⲻǣϴϷ۲ʶ̩ɽû뵽Ȼ۸ٷ˵ͷϣһúù̡̹ܽܽ
޺һתۼɺݺݵضŷݺݵضԼҲ۵˻ȥŷ˾Ҷģ
ź㻹˼ңΪƽŻ֪ܵ£Ƕżҵתȵˣٴ򣡡
ɵʱɫףźؾģǰһȰҿ˰ɡ
޸Ͻȥס˼ҵļ£ǲҪ£ҿǷ֮أɾǻǽ߰ɡ
һ£ȴܿ˿֮źʵΪβҹ壿
ź˵˶Ȥˡ
һȥˣ
ź㲻֪סδ
ڳҵģ֪סںδ
źסڳǶһٶİ򣬴ȥɽ·᫣ֶסһϣһ̰ɡ
ȥ⿰Ծܾδ뵽׵Ļ˵ĺҺͷˣֻǼס˴£ǴŶʱͲٴˡ
ź磬˵˶࣬Ҿò߰ɡ
á漴źһȭͬһֱš


17
˶Ÿ˼ҿջס£Ϣһ죬ڶһ·Ȼ·;᫣ҪУֱʱֲϡĴûʶˣסɽҰ֮䡣
ʱȻƮѩԽԽ󣬱ּ
޵߶ܿ챻÷죬ﾡϧ§˵ҸطϢһ£ѩͣȥҰɡ
ߵֵľͷ̧ͷһڹžƹݶ֡
߽ţûӦã洫һһƣȴ󿪣ع˽ȥ˶һ漴һ𣬡̵ģһֻһӵˣؿԼЩֱĿ䣬̡
ţ˶壬ʱһһСģųվֲֲģ˰
ת˩ãĵضСû
Сᷳĵˣүǲ
ҰǣιϺõĲϡ
Сһۣ˵ˣ
ֻһСʱһͷҲȻصҵĻû
СүүСͰүǣιõϡ
ͷܺáһ§ŲޣȥмŶʮ󺺣ӵۣһСӣţ˿̨ƹǶټЩ棬Сֻеƹλүйš
ƹӦȥͲ̨ǰƹغŻ˵Ҫһż䡣
ƹһɫλүƧʲô׼żģү¡
Ӳϲ˶࣬ƹŸ徲Щĵط
ƹ⡭СֻôˣΪѩЩǽѩĹ·ˣүխͶ
ûµģɣѩһͣǾȥҿջ
һ£ֻжһǿյģͬ޹ȥǶʮ붢˹޲ɵһ͵͵ؽǡ
£ЩһС
漴һˣϴſɲЩ࣬һߴֹһӦˣү
Сˣһơ
СӦȥˡ޴ļ㲻ǲܺȾƵ𣿡
ҲȣǸůůӵġ
ҡͷҲҪȵĺá
ֵֻһ㣬ģˣұȥѰջҲ
˵컰컯գбڴεģ
С˸̹еˣһƺһ̻캮رλ͹ȺȿȾůůӣϾ
˵꣬תҪȥֹסʹ˸ɫȡһӷϣСġ
С֮ӣЦʵ֪үкηԸ
СصԱǼʲôͷ
СҲѹ·ģѺڵİɡ˵Ǳ̧̧ͷүǽű߷ôĴӣϻűУȻǴصĶ
˶ˣ
Сһˡ
ɵΪ˱ѩ
Сüǣʱûѩأڵˡ
˵ͷ룬ѺڵģΪλҪˣ˵ãˡ
Сһݣ̵תȥˡ
ҿЩ˾࣬ǲҪǵĺá
˵䣬š顱һ߿һ󺺣̧ͷȥһ˵Ȼడ
˾Ǹճꡣ
ЩһȫϹϾվ˵Ҿеһ·ˣ
Ͻתͷȥ±ϳ˶Լǰɲܶӡ
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Ŭֻ顣
ˣٺȵƣ³ȥġ
Сֽųˣͬʱһز˺һ̻ˣ͹á˵ͷǱһ󺺴ȵСһ̳ƺһСӦȥƬ֮;Ƴ
һ߳ԶһϸԱֻ߽˸º굹һ׾ƣһб磬룡
ºһץסŻһȣ
Żʮ󺺵ͷͷڳºĶ档ºôһ˵ڳºԱߵ˸ϽóλãŻݲ£һȾеҿ춼һ𾴴һ룡
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һ漴ף磬ǳôãһܵĵģҿǻھ͸Ͻ·ȥɡ
ºջĿ⣬Щɻ
ʱСŲһߴ͹ټжԶ
ʮ
СԲ޵˵ѩѽһʱǲͣģŮ͹ٻӵĻסһĺãõĿջ򱱵ĸջշֹλ͹⡣
СһֵлСָã㿴ôĻ𣿡
һЦ磬Ϊ̰棬ܵƧĵطڿɺˣؼ·ֱѩ£һСҵĸҹҪǴ˳ȥж಻
ЦܹңΪӲҪҪܣ±㷢ҵܣ⻹ϣǵ˻ɽҰ⣬ѩصģ㻹ʲô˯
˶£˵һͨǳºһͲˣҲֻŸֵǾȾƳ⡣
ֱƵʱ֣˲ųԱ㣬˾ƹݡ
Ƭ̣ͽеС޸ˣһ˳ȥ룬ҲϽȥǣͲһ׷˹ȥ


18ѩҹ

ѩͣȴŨˡǵŻнͲѩ·˶ʮɽǰǰĶȻͣ¡Ƭִ̣йһСˣǻϲãּǰʱȴߵüҲֻ÷ٶȸţǸոͣµĵطһֻ·Ա˩ʮƥԭǲɽȥˡ
ɽŴڰпͰķӣһСĴׯʱ죬˯ˣֻɽŵһһеţ͸ĴֽиӰ
룬ɽһŻѾˡޣȽ壬Ҹ˼סһɽȥҡ
޵Ҫһȥ
㿴ɽ϶ǻѩ㶳ġ
޵أͲᶳô
ҲҪģҽ壬ҿǼ仹еƹⷿסıǶˣȥޡ
סҪ㣬һɽɡ
˵õģҪ
޵Ķ㣬²ɡ
ΪΣ
޵˾Ǹˣδı棬֪ôܷס𣿡
һ⵹ҲǣǺãȥһ˼ҡ
޵֪һסˣ
һһʲ֪ˣ
޵ȫ˶𣿡
Ǹô죿
ǳǳһЦκƲңɽ˲Ĺ塣
ðɣʱɲҪڰ
޵ᡣ
϶ʧĵطǹסʮּѵȥȴֻһɢҵĽӡзӣ´ɡϸ۲ӡǷֳɺüˣͬķȥˡͺĪ֪ڸǣ
޾Ǻãǻ᲻Ҫǲ
Ҹȥ˵ߡ
һȥĴ֦˲źѩ㣬֨߹֨߹죬ûã³˺ܿ˱飬ѥԽԽ࣬ʮֵܡвϢһߡشǰɵһƬȫǰѥӣ飬Ѿʧȥ֪
ͻȻɽ´һ˻֪£վɽʲôҲ˻ȴϣԽԽɽƮŻй͵ȴһ㶯ҲûУǶ˵Ҳˡ
ޣ˶ңȥһ£ܿͻ
͵һסҪ¡
ܣҲһģ˵˵ȥ˵
޵ãһ¡ذףڸһôϿһ˵ǱȥǺţõ»Ѱ
ͷ߱߿̡߲һ·ǰͻȻ죬ͬʱסֻһߴ˳
ǰӰ޾
ӭȥǣס֣֮ǰǲûа˩סֻһȺȽԶĵطܵġӦҲ֪˵ɽѰ˵ģ˸еʮҡ
ţȻŵһζ̵ģǿҺһ޾еѪӰѪˣ
޸ǰ˳ָĵطȥֻӰĺһܴ˿ڣǱʲôҧġɻ֮ʱӰͻȻһͷȥ¶⡣
ﴫ죬ԽԽȻͷ״ϻʱϻ¶߷â¶ļ
޾ɪɪ§סô죿
Һ棬߶µʱ§ҽ㡣һִһǣŰӰˡ
׻۾ضƺҲ֪н׵˽ŲʱҲͬٶȸšǵĿһļ·ֻҪжܹ
֪һζ˲ǳ֮ƣһʱ޼ƿʩƲǰȥϻ򶷵ĻһֻпܾͻûϮޡʱһֻ׻ͻȻȥһڵԼĺȥǸһֻȥֻϻߣм䣬ʹ֮ܵУʮֽ
ӰȻǰ㣬һ˻ͬʱס˴˼϶һȭͷСʯ׻˹ȥС׻㲻ԴһŽУ˼ʱͻȻһԭһ壬ͲͬʱȥֻаӰպվıԵӹһ١
ʱһ£ʱʹȥӵϵѩмǵڸס
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󾽣Сʱֻ֪棬й˰ˣ̣ǻǸģ
ܷһۣȻϲתƻ⣬Դ˵ɽϴϻ˵ʮæŰء
ԭʮΪɽ򻢵ģɵ塣
ܷ˵ղŸЩȥȵһᡣһɳҽöŷŵϣ˵ƧȲھ£ûʲôдģͷʱˣǿɲҪ
ŵζʱЩˡ
޵ﻰһΪǰлأ˵ţʢһ룬͵ܷ˵ǰ˵̣Сءʢһ͸ʢԼ
ܷ˿ٶ¶ϲɫ˵벻ֶϱңȴҲɡ
޵̹ˡ
ܷͻȻץס󣬹Ƭ̲ŷſüûкӣ
޵ʱ죬ȴû뵽ܷ˱ԼŻҪŹ֣˵ǳ⣬ֱֱȥģҡͷĿûС֮ͷȥҪʸѻشźá
ܷ˵ǳ׶ˣ
޿𴦣ֻԼش𣬡ȥճɵס
ܷŶһ˵ôˣӦȥ򡣡
ͷһ£գ⡭ҲΪһᣬǲ̸ˣȺ
ܷ˵㺦ʲôҲǹˣѵЦ㲻ɣ
һòʰ֮ʱ˴ˣǻˣڲڣǳºꡣ


19׻

ܷӦ𣬲޿ȥˣһղΪβ˵
ĸ˼ҵ£ôò죿
㣡Ҳ£
㲻ǲϲ˵Ϊ˼ˣȴҪ
Ȼ죬ԹԵغͻȻӰɽأ᲻ᡭϻˣ
Ҳһɽȥ
޼ȵȣҪһȥ
˲Ÿܷ˽˵ȥˣû£û£ҵϳȥǵءû뵽˻Ҫ顣
һɫֽ̣ģ
ܷ˵类ˣô᲻ô
Ͳһ˵ǣû¾ͺá
ͻȻִͣĥ޾֣̽ͷ˿ʵ̣ĥҪʲôĥĶͨĵǶʮصĴ󵶣ºһָָ㣬ʱܵߣӾһͰˮȡһסһ̽ȾʱǼһ޲ɵһô죬ôˮȻҲܵˡ
ܷ˵ҪϻƤҪҪȥ֣
޼ԽԽĴΧۣȻʮ֣ҡͷˣôˣҳȥͷ¶ܲõġ
ܷ̾һҲ㣬չǴҹ㣬ЩˣҪע¶š
ʱֵƲ°ϻƤ߽ǰ۾￴һǿĲǸϽ㵽ߣﰵ
ԭ֪ܼԶ͵ãǾ򸾣еӢŮòһʱ䶼ÿǱȿϻƤҪдö࣬ǲеŮģϵٵĶˡܷ˼죬޴룬Ͻӭ˳ȥ˵˹ˣ˵ĶЩ߰ɣ˼ҿŶҳҲҪи˵ӣҪбЦǲء
һܷ֮Цųȥˡ
عԲ޵¸ô죿
޵һ۵ʲôô죿
Ҳ˵Ǿʲôףûо𣿡
޵Ҿãô帾һ˵УһҲʿҵģ᲻ᡭƭǣͲǰ̣
ǳºϵõģڡ
޵ô֪йϵ
ǵʱԳǹľɲ£ҹ涫ģô
޵û׼ҲƭģûһôȷǹľɲҾÿɣ˻᲻ͼ
룬üͷһ壬Ϲɣס죬ǹܳԹסܼܲ˵
޵ǰЩĹ壬ǲǸСʱĳ񣿡
ȻҪô
޵ǾͺãǾס쿴˵ϵùģΪμǲ̵ģ
ҡ˶ֵҼ̵Ĵɡ
޵˵һǲȫġ˿ԼûĶ˵ڲٺȣԺͽĶҲԡͷϰһ֧һȡƬ̣˵ûʲôףԺǶҪԹܳԡ
²̫ðɣ˼ҿ˶ʧ񰡣
޵˭˼ǰˣȻҪԡ
磬øˣһ˾ۼȸԾԭº˰ϻƤ֮󣬽ϻָֻֻϿ˴ֱ̣ϣû磬̫ʱʱ֣ѩڣ˴һ
ԭȳº˼ȥмˣһ󳵵Ķ߽һԭһ̳̳ľơڴ󺺿˶ɵûͲ޿ͬʱ뵽ҪغȾˡţº󲽵ؿ˽ЦŶСӣųȥһȾƣ
ĻŵҲȾƣ壬ǰֵǾȣǿһ¡
ºô㲻ӣ
ֵûУûУǺȲþƵģӣȵñҶࡣ
ºϲŭͻȻŲЦŮӣȾƣãȥҵֵǴһ룬ǻûƯŮһȹء
һ͵͵ص㣡ֶԳº£ܺȾƣǷ˵ģֻܺСôסĺȣ
ºһյĵģϸǲǣ
Ͳ޶һ˼һ޼ʱŽֺ˭۸ֶֶϱˣȥ˶ЩܿҪˣǻôȾơ
ºҵ˶ܸͦɣ·Ѳ˶ٹҺϸһȾƣȴӣһȹأߣ
ܷЦӭͲ޵ǰ˵Ȼǳ룬ǲ͸ӰɡתºﺣҲʶʶˣѧѧ
䣬͵͵˵ǧܳȥأɲǵĵҪϴôնƵġ
ӦʮΪѣǶԳºĵȺȣҺӶŸճ˶ҪϢһᣬȵȥһȾƣ˵òã
ºӦһЦãӺվ˵ԼܺȾƣߣһӣôܹƶȣ㣬ó汾Ҫ룡˵תȥˡ
￩һ£֪ӦˡȹܷҲȥˣްһȥĵ˵ǿˣǹȻԾǹȻͼı죬Ҫȵ֮ٳȥʱҸܣǧĸһȾơ
ȻҲоףûôأ㲻ҪҲ£һûô죿Ǵ˺˵Ҳ֪ҲȾơ
޵ҪȥǺȣһûУôû⣿
Ǹˬ֮ˣܸͲܹ϶⡣
޵֮֮ĲޣһҪҵģȾƣǱ㣬Ҳȡ
Ƿô죿ҿɴ򲻹ġ
޷˸ۣʱˣ㻹һһеȣͿ
ͻȻнŲƽ˵ȵȫʮѣΧһȦϻ˿飬ˮʱһһտ磬ͲŵöӶˡʵô죿
˵ʲôҪôԼ벻취Ҫң
ǱҶǣ˭
޵ҵȻҪǣһҲǣܿңֲ룬ٲСܱ֤صޣ
Ĳˣ㱻ץȥȷ࣬Ҳ޼ƣкùһ˵Ҳ룬ҵǰײˡ
˻ԹСһ



20

ͻȻºеιⶼ׼ˣʹһȾƣ
ͲһвԸ˼֮ǰ׿ڴӦģֲòȥŹֻܷԼΧһӹܷͻȻ֪ȥʹò޵ĸϰµġεظųºȥһԱߡº˵鿾õĻ⣬еԣ
޶ųٳٲ֣Ҳǣʵ壬ΪβøװţҪֱãѿְࡣ
º껢صǸˣŲѿš˵Űǵϣû¶ȣģɵüͷϽӵɿ³ºֱֱ꣬ؿֻסٵҧһСڣ͵ģҧȴʮֵˡֻӣĳԣҧ֮Ҳ̲סʡ
ˣԼҲųԣһ£һСڣĶֻЩǶٳˡ
ԣҺȾô찡
޵ͲȣֻܺһС㡣
˵һСˣŵζġ
˵ţºͻȻһСӣ徴һ
ֱҡͷŵζһϢĸоٳٲӣºôԣ
޼ʱ壬ҷȾơ
ºԵôȣ
޵ҷǸ˹ľӣȻҪСȣǣһȾһһģ治֪ǻ᲻Ⱦء
º걻һ˾ˣ˵ʲô㻳ҲȾƣߣҲҵǴû̳Ҿƣܰҹ
൵ȵö࣬˵ͻȾƣνвоƵȾʱҪľȫƷζһһ̳ˮƵģ᲻˿ζֱ˵˷ѣ
º겻û˵ͻȻЦֻһƥŸҡҡλεһ۱ϳǰӰһϳϵǹ䣬ϲӭȥ壬ڻˡȴһŵһɱȾ̳ﻹҪŨصľɵ
Ϸײײǰ˵Ѿͷ˵ö԰˵˵á˵ʵǡ̫ˡ
Ͳ޶һ޸ϽһлĿ佱
ֵ˵ã㡭ղô˵ģ
һ㶣˵岻Ⱦơ
֣ԣԡͻȻ˫ϥһҪȥӦ죬һѽסվ֮󣬲˵лݺݵصһۣСӣɷ羰
һϽſð벽
˦˦첲֮ˣӦõ˭ˣͲͬʱһºȴһ͵͵ЦȻƢġ
ֶԲ޵ѾͷЩ˵Ǽ䡣
޼Ե޹ʵĶƢѾϴĲˣûصˣֶϱļĻαطϣ
ҡҡͷ˵ԣԣô壿壬룬ղ˵ʲôţ
ᷳش˵ȾҪľ
䵱ƽкãľ
һʱ²Ҫ˵ͻȻ˴֣ÿһͷ˿ԭԼˣɵӣƽ͵صˣˡ
ܷ˶һһֻŲ㿴˰ߣǰƷ裡
һЦˣ˵ˣ㲻ÿζ׼Ѿ𣿡
ܷ˷˸ۣѾ۾ƳһͲޣЦŸĶߵǻҰ˺üʱˣһ㹻
һصˣҲ˵ˣ¶ǿ󲻵õģǲҰҿɲֶĵĶ
ȥ룬ܷ˺ݺݵش֣˭˵ǰȵģߣôˣˣɸ檻ֲҪӾ
ˣǸҺȵģѵ
ֻܷ˶ߵǰǰרΪ㰾ģ쳢ɡ
ϸһգֻּһ룬˵̣뻹ȰɣҺͰ޻ȥԼʢȵġ
ܷŬ죬Ӳ̽ͺȡ
ʮֲ˼Բ޵ޣȳ
ޱܿרΪ㰾ģҺʲôȻЩˣ˸ӾΪѡܷ˰֣רȵģôܸ޺ȰӲˣ˸ۡ
ܷץֵޣҪȰȥ
һԼȡ
ܷһۣòµѾͷ֪ʲô
￴˿ʲôҲûУΨѣ˵֪Ȼǰ̷ô󹦷ԸģǵȻǺöˡ
ܷһЦյ޶˵䣬޵ɺ죬⡭Ĺ𣿡ܷ˵ǾҪǲԼˣô㲻һ𣿡
ӣҧҧ˹Ųءһߣ£죬
Ƭ̣˵ʲôˣ
޲棬ٷϻ
ӹ룬һ߿һ߰ȾҺˣζ治ҪҪȣҪһٽȥʢɡ
޺ֻȵģҲȣ˺õĻԺ󡭡ԺҲ԰ȵġ
ĳͲ󶨣ԭĶˡ֮˳ºݸһƣźһھԺصˡ޴󾪣æǰȥͬʱϣ˹ЦܷЦʲôЦǻΪһǸƹ
ǶЦˣҲ֪ǼǼʮ󺺴յһִغܷ˰æһֱصԷвòʪˮԼȴȥѾ
ιȣԼһ߿ţȾƣȥʲô֣ղ뻢Ҳǰ׷ˡ
ɻô׷ѣ
ܷ˵㿴𣿡
һ죬ò˵Ҳż
ܷ˵ڻᣬȻ˵ʱҲ˵ģżҲûˡ
һ̣ѵ
ܷ˵㲻ῴ𣿳Һ֮⣬Ļˣ
üͷﾹһֿ־壬ôֻ֪Լԭ򣿡
ܷ˵صȻҵԭҲһӣΪ˲ҵǹұסˣȴԶʧȥΪһ檣ܣǺ֡ߣýȢӣֻɸ檴ڽӴѣôǺ֣
ĵԭˡȻԹ־⣬вѧǸ֮ˣֻΪ˸ĴҲ̫ˣΪԼӶԸȢʹùܼҺˣɲһС°ţֲɵΪԼǣ룬ҲʲôҡָôһҪҪֲ׼檣
ţͻȻ̧ͷֱֱܷؿԼɵһ̣ôˣ
ܷĿⲻƣ޵õ˶ҪҲôһöϱⱲӾֵˡ
Ĳ˼̫ˡ
ܷ˵ޣܴܲӦһ°
޵뾡˵ֻҪֶϱõģȻӦ
ܷ˵Ҳ֪ҺǹҲһˣŮûУҾ밡ǵĸŮͳǵŮˣֶǰӣϼףúòã
һô²ȫƾԼ㲻ʹ׵ҲҪԼɷͬͬģ˼֮´̶Ƿ޵ϸչˣҺͷܸмģڰŮԼҲܻϲֻ²ȫ˽ȷˣʹ֪ͬܶܲܵȵҴ𸴣
ܷЦտص˼ԼԸˣ
޵˵ͷһҪʹſԴӦ밢ܹ½⡣
ܷϲããֻҪԸ⣬Ǳҽǹ˵Ӧ


21峿

ͷʹѣһƲƴ롣޶һˮȥڴϣذ£Ʋ⣬ʵ"㲻"
޶һ£˵"֪ԼȾƣʲôܣһҪչ㣬ۣܺҲ˼"
ɵ"ôˣƽʱΪЩİ"
޵"ƽʱҲȾƵģҲϲȾƣԺҲ׼ٺˡ"
"ԣضԭ"
޿±𴦣ͷ"ûԭ򣬾ҷˣһڵĳҲУѬҸѬˣ"
Ŭ죬Լϵζֹ˿סһᣬͻȻ̧ͷѲϴ촽ȥûзſޱòŲסˣһ£""һе"ôݣıɱ׷򰡣"
ؿһ£"һб˿಻˼"
Ц"ûµġ"§ͷȵطʱ΢лӦҲġ漴ֿһ£۾ʶǰ죬ʱ˻ᴳġֵס촽"ֻ֪˯ڻʲôã"
ƿ"촩·㣬"
Ų"㻹ûأΪʲôˣ"
޵һۣ"Ҳµõʲôʵģ"
һһ£Ƹое˼һʱ벻ô£ʵ"Ҳ²˵ʲôط㲻ˣ"
ҧ촽"֪ԼϺȵʲô"
"ǰ׾ƣҵİ׾ƣôԭΪ鲻ˣ"
޵"Ҳָƣǰ԰ȵġ"
ҡҡͷ"ԭΪ鲻ˣߣֲûʹȲȣ˵ȣںˣҺˣֲˣ"
"˵ôֶܺ"
"Ȼˣôʲô"
޵"֪ʲô"
"ʲôĲ֪ܲǶҩɣܣҪǶҩôѵùɣĲ˵ӣ"
һţߵ͵͵˵˾䡣
էʱɵһ漴ֹЦ"ѹ֡ѹ֡"
˵˼ѹ֣ȴ֪ѹʲôʵ"ѹʲô"
Ц"ѹҸղô㡣"
"ѽ"һ"㻹֪֪"
ֱЦ"Ƿ飬Ҫ"
һ£"֣촩·ȥ"
"ҪֻǱһ㣬һ£ܿʹú֮¡"
ûа취ͷ棬˵Ϣӣ˵"ҲǺȺҩͲӦٺȾƵġ"
°͵ĶͷԵʮܣ˵"ʲôеģ綼Уѵҵ"
޵"˵ôסҾǼ׶ôˣһʱҲкü£ôܲż"
"Ű˵ط"
޵"вޣһܱʲôĺá"
"ҵںûкӣֻҪԶһͺˡ"
"˵컰ôԲںأ˵ɣ˵ںͿԲΪԼļ𣿾ԼҲĺżԿηñ֪Ҹദôãӻһ㶯ûУ˻ôңصֻôң"
"ãԺô죿"
޵"˵ˣ̵ķһᾭԵġ"
"Ǿ԰ɣҺʱ˸ѣǶһ㶼úȣȵ£ֻǲ벵˰̵Ĳ˵úȰˡ"
޵"ҲúòúȣԺȣһҪȣֱĺӡ"
"ðɣǣ㲻ΪǶڼһȺϻɣ"
޵"̸˵ˣţҲԵġ"
̲סһЦһ࣬ȫúЦȹ֮󣬲Ҫ·ֵǰװʱѾߣκĶһ֧ӾҪͷϲ塣
޲࿪ͷһֵ"Ū֧Ӳ·ġ"
"ֻǾôû뿴Ϻòÿѡ"
޵"ȹûȻؼ֮ٴ㿴"
""һվһס"л˵"ȥ"ʲô£"
޵"ͰûжŮģ֪֪"
"ôôڱ˵˼ҵĵ£"
޵"ʲô£ǰ׿ڸ˵ġ"
"Ҳֻµġ"
޵"ǰĸŮô"
һ£"ô˵ģ"
޵"²֪ʱҪģҾùͰƷԲԣֻͬͬ⡣"
"˵ĪǾ£"
޵˵ͷ"ǵġ"
̾һЩʧص"һΪӦҪǻȥء"
䣬Ȼǹܷˣǳº꣬Ͳ޶һ
"ʵӦˡ"
Ͳ޶һ"壬ĴӦһȥ"
"̺ȻЩԽǸˣΪβ"
ϲ"̫ˣ壬׼ʲôʱǰȥ۶"
Ц"㼱ʲôһҪӦһء"
ܷ˵"ԣҺСŮ𲻴Ӧ"
ͷ"ֻҪԼԸ⣬ûʲôġ"
ܷϲ"̫ˣиŮˣôƯɵŮ"ߵ޵ǰץס˫ֿ֣ҲûϲЦŹڹ򸾸ǰ"Ůߵɵ"
ܷЦտطҲǰЦŶԲ޵"˵ѧˣɷҲȲ㣿"
޿˿΢΢ߺ죬"£ŮֻǶʫȲϷ͸ɵǻۡ"
ǺЦ"Ÿɵǫ飿׿ڸңѧȲġ"
һɵ˹ȥ""
˵ͷ"û˵ģʵҲˣǰΪ£Ϊ㿴ңҲź㣬ġ"
ĬȻúܸжвԼȷʫӲ֮ţܸɷ͸ɵľ֮ȣԼǰǸǾ˶һþɡ
"̧̫ˣԺǲҪٷֱ˴˵ıȥǰᣬѾȥ˾ȥɡ"
˵ͷ"㻹Ϊһϣ"
漴ܷ㰸ΪסڴҲף񵽳һոŮᡣްմߵİţڹ򸾸ǰ°ݣ־裬ѵ䣬˺ĳ˹ܼҵĸŮˣҲֶ˸Ů




01С

У·ʪһ²ˣΪǣĸףҲͣסǸҪð·
ʰ˶ͬһҪǰ·
ɵҺͷ뾩дʱ䣬ֻоɼֲٶˣʶðȥ
͹ܷȻвᣬҲǿΪϾĸвҪչ˵ġֻǹܷ˲߶ִŲ޵һ˵˰Ļڷߡ
·ϼѣ۶ʱǴĩ˸սʱϲЦ˵ҪȥͨүиŮ˹ϲǹүˣ̫ˣϻȥӡ
⣬Ųޡ
ɻͬʱЩеѾͷվס
ŮֱûƵģͷҲص˽ȥ
ôˣΪ
ִֵҶߵѾǻʲô£СеģȻҵ£һһҪѵѵų
Ȱҿ˰ɣ˺ôҲһ˰
޶˸ۣߵһҪȥ
ȥܾùֵֹģǻʲô
һ˵첽ԺȥҲͲˣȥźöĬШسţȥݼ̺ͳϡ
̺˵һ·ˡ
չüϲЦȴԼвЩֹ֮·Ĳɣؿ˼³ϣװЦȴĿģʱԽԽϲò˼ˡ
̺˵˹ѾӦǰԼγ;һЩ鷳£ܵ˵оգĵû²˿˵Ůи֮ˣ¶ܻΪġǵĻҲţʵ۰Ѱ޴ͻʱҺүأڿҪúøлϰ
̺Ȼɫ˳һۣܲ˵䣬ʱ㻹Ҫ˵侮ʯĻ㵽׻ûģ
ϡߡһ⻰ô˵侮ʯֻ˵ԼŮûᵽǸĸα
̺̬΢ԣ֮˵ĻҾ;ֻ
̲סʵ׷ʲôˣ
̺ҡҡͷᷳĿ˵ⲻ£ͱٶˣˣɱﴮͨһЩΨ²ҵ£
һľȣ룬ôĿ˵ǲʲôˣǰʲôҲûԴҵİɻͬʱʱҲգϱ췢ȣҲӿࡣ
ϻر̺ŭŮʲôƢб¾ԼƽҪû취ð
̺󾽣ҿ޺Ҳûϣֻεıȥ
һίֲĿĸǶԳϵŮû£㲻ֵˡ
ֶԲ̺ȻзգҺͷȻطЪϢȥˡ
̺棬˻ֵҲãһ·ϱۣӦúúϢ졣ֶղҲԣҲû޵ɲҪϡ
ֵˡ
޺ֳִȥŸյűߣͼһӰض㿪޽е˭漴һ㣿ʲô
ԭǲ壬ֻתһ̧ͷˮ۾ֻл̻֮ɫ˵ؽĻ͵Ǹ̸
޺һ㵣ѾʼЩȣΪʱֱֱؿʮգеѾͷǸʲô
תĿ⣬ӭŲ޵뿴򣬽㲻׼𣿡
յָڷףҧдɺͳ
Ȼףˮػ䣬°ͣ׹ϣ˵Բ𡣡ż뿪
˫ü½ţסȻһ̾Ϣͷһԭǲ̺㣬ͳ϶˳ʵǵôˣ
̺ҡҡͷޣмܲԼȻطȥ
Ҳû룬Ҫ˵ԣƳ϶ԼͣʹɫĲɵһһʱ֪롣ΪʱȻϿűǰ˵ع¾ͰݣүȾҵŮɣˡˡ
һ߿һ߿ͷһͷʱ˷磬ϣֻ֪ͷֻȥвޣޣ㿴ô죿
Ҳʮ־ȣ˶㲻˵ʲô£ôǣ
һ£ֺȻƵ޵ĽűߣץסȹյС㣬дɷȾðɣǰǺĸŮǷǷǣһ˵ĹԺҲȥֻҪܰҵҸΪūΪ澶С
һ߰һʵ˵Ҫô㣿
Ͽ˿̺㣬˵մӾǴϢҪΪӵүûּ˵ֻʥּ֮ǰˣŵö˽ٰ
ǸĲӣȫµ˶֪ټϹ͢ն˸ǻ
ԭǴβ̺ɹƽ֮ԼʵܿϢʹ˻ʵ۵ĶСټС˵ʵ۶Բ̺ģõչ֮пܻԳ͢вԱҪĶŮΪԼжΪ̽ġ̺ȻǴΪΪѣּڳԼҰģּǾǲò˺ԼŮ
޴󾪣֪ϽҪôɵס֣ŷࡣϣ̺ʵղ˵ҷָԭ𣿡
̺̾һޣҲǳΰ
޵Ϊʲôܰˣ
̺ҡҡͷ·ǻϹҳ⣬ﳯ⣬˭ǵһͬʵôѣҲ׷ǻͷϵģܶ೯ϳῴ
޵ĲˣղõܹģԼķĽ顣ԼҲйڿʱҲ᲻¶е¡һֱΪ˽ģôܹ̱ŮڿԼɷʱҲһ˫۾ӺµǣһԼɷĹԼǰһŮӣŮӾԼͬĸá
ԣԲԣ
ڲȴ־ѪҺڷڡƺںţȵģҲ䡣Ҳܼȣ
һֺҲñԼɷ
ìأкö뷨ｻ֯Ҫ߳ĴѾָӲԼжˣֻܴأʲôҲ˵ҪԼʲôҲҪ롣
ʱȥǿŰ󣬡үͿϣȾɣ֪ҪҪʲô̬ȣͬʱֿͰ͵ؿŲޡ޽ҧԼ´ҧѪû취ͻȻ§סļ磬Ķ˵㲻õģ֪ôԶֻһ
͵һȴ֪ʲô˼ΪӦϣȢΪ檣ԲԼŵԶֻԼһʹãҲİţɵ÷ץס̧ͷ龪š
ֿ֣ȥϷΪӦˣԸ˵ΪЦ޵Ŀһ£һʯѹסһȥоֹֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿһһ
ҪȢŮӣԳ֣ȥԼãȢͻᱻͽ˴ݲС
ֻ֮󣬲˻ص޵ߣ§סϸ磬Բ̺˵ˣҺͰ֮ݲñ˵ģˡСܴ


02˼
ؿǸжΪĮеԾ
ȷĮ˶Ϊ֮һ޻˵֪ȫΪ˶Լİ·ҲԼһֱϣġ
̺ü·Ӷ˶˵ҪֻȨ֮ƣȢ˰Ϊ檣֮ҪҪȫƾϲΣ
ҡͷ£ɶϷ
һ£ּضס֣Բ̺СѾ޻ȥϢˣȫ
̺Ȼ̾һԲ˵ޣ㵱ģԼü𣿡
޵ͷҡȫģԲ𡭡
̺֮Ҳ뱨𣿡
͵һ£ֻĿһ룬Ȼ̧ͷﾡǾ֮ɫǲ硭
ޣ۲˵ұ죡
һɪһ£ʲôҲҶ˵ˡɴûԼôĻ𣬿ֻ֪׺ϿĶѡ
Բ̺ҼһȢ֮£ҪĸĸҪС檣ҲֹˣĸײӦ檣Ǿ㰢޺ҶӦҲ׼ġĸ缲ҾҪȥ˵Ҫ檣ʵΪТ½⡣
˵꣬ٲ̺ϣŲ޻طȥˡ
ްȫŮ֧ţ±˳һ㣬ѹһʯͷôץס֣һ£оǱģоڷĵ֫ڷĿ⣬ֻ̿ûмɵøеȻ
˵ΪʲôǾò𣿡
޲Ҳȥ
ղ˵ʲôǲ˵ǲӦȢؼȥ
͵תͷ㱲£ôҶе£Ҹô죿
ѾǲȢģΪ㣬ҲΪԼΪҲͬʱˣҲҲΪãҲᰮΪҪȢ˵һ˺
޵ǡãô죿Ҫ޸ˣһӾôˣǲ̫ˣǲǼȣ
ҪôܾҪȢȢÿֻһѰ֣Ҳ㣬ô죿㲻ΪԼ룿ҲģͲ뿴һŮӵģǲǣشңǲǣ
޷ǡǡϾҲҵãС̣ĺܺ¡
µʲôΨŮ˲𣿡
һ£˻ֻһ
ǺãǾͺãǾӦùϵؾܾӦİ취Ȣؼҡ
㡭˵бİ취ã
ҡҡͷֻ˵룬룬ܲ뵽ûаա
޵ǻǡǼȡ
ôҪϳȥ˵ҪȢ𣿡
Ȼҡͷû˵ңĲ֪ô죡ٱˣ
Ҳٶ˵ˣʰöھʹؼңǲﱻΪѡ
·˼òʰöҲɫڣҪ޳ǲŵԺţͼֳ˽°󣬱סĽšĿѬķ䣬ҵͷһʱҲ޴룬޶һᣬֻðѴȫŻطȥʱζ߲˵ˡ
ϸϵ͸ؿһֿۣŲ޵㣬ϸɷǲôߣҲΪˡ
һ£ãʲôǻ취ģҺͷʵΪѡ
ص֪Ƿ޶ôݵҪСӲм䣿㵱Ȩ֮ƣҲǼ۵ġ
޵ãǧҪô룬ʲôʱ˵ǲҪˣ
˵ôͲǵˣһνǱһ֮˵ġ
޵ǽһʱúαطϡ
ôϣֻǽңǲȫȻ⣬ҾͲұ֤ˡ
ɫ죬Ρ
޿һۣŶԲ˵ãҷˣ롣
˼˵𣿡
Щգɫãˣ˵Ҫзִ磬ǲǲ㣬ʵΪ̫Ϊѡ
ˣҲҪٶ˵ˣⲻ£ҲԸתԲС̣Բˡ
һԲʲôиҳʲôϴɾĹϵ𣿡
ȻûС
Ϊʲô˵Բ˵ѵͲ¶Բҽ𣿡
Զԡ
޵á㲻ҪΪҷҲѴҲġ
ٲ˵ȥĸץס֣ص㲻ҪʯĳˣôҲûáҷԺҲˣֻԼھ׼޵ȥ˵ǸˣǸˣҲޣ
Ƴ˲һۣ㣬СͰҳһֱ㣬ѧûôãֻ㲻ңܸӮ˰ɣ
޴һ£û
𲻳ϣģ޸һԪѫ֮ȨƣصҲ۸ҺھҪ޸үҪˣͲӮ𣿽ѵϲһң
ϳȥߵʱֻһϲЦɵſڣ
ҲΪ֮ȻͲã˵ȻȥϢ߰ɣŸջҪ뿪ñ˿ʲôӣ˵ǲ̼дŮġ
޵ôҲ˵ĻֻǾãŵĲҪЩȥѡ
ϵһۣ𻰣ȥˡ
סڶ죬̼Ұ˼磬Ϊеġ޺һ·;ˣԼʱ۹ⶼġ
ϯϲû˸˵ܶ뷨Ѿղܸоõ󣬳ͻȻ޵Ժӣִ˵ޣרȰġ
޺һ޵˵ʲô
ϵ⼸ˡʵûʲôãҸô꣬ͷǾʲôҲûҲضģԭܼ򵥣ΪǶһˡһˣʲôģֻǶϰҪԼЦ˵ˣǲˣǺͺðɡʵǶѾͺˣ𣿡
޵ʲôʱģڵǰ㻹ģôھȰҲҪЩ
ϵǸողģҲͨˣ㲻ҲɣϾҲãպһ򣬻һֱ˴ˣ
ȻٳٲشϣرĿ⡣
һţʱͻȻ˵ĸȫΪҵĲԸֺαض԰޿ƣ
Ϸ۵ڸ˵ʲô죿
첻˵ˣֻԲʹ˸ɫ
ֵŮңȨ檣ϣҲֻҲԡ
˲һ£ʵޣ׵Ļ㻹
Ŀ£˵ǡ±Ҫŵͬ⣬ھǡ
̾һлٲ˵תȥˡ
ʥּڵڶʱһ̫͵ӭӵֻʥּϾҪ·ϴޣ쳹̫ظ
̺ĿŮ·֮ǰ̾һ۾ˣ˵ҲҪ̫ˣǶ㡣
ֵл½⡣
̺Ҳǰиɷһʲô˵ֻǿ˰塣
޵˵ԲŮʧˡ
̺ҡҡͷ˵ЩˣΰǴҶڶ۶޳ĪھܶӦ
ģȥһĸ˵ᾡС̲ܱ۸ġ
̺˵ͷǾͺãҲܰࡣ
ҺͰͻؾȥౣء


03
ʣͲһ½·һˮ·˱һĲ壬ȵ˾ǡ
ӣ˶ѣɵþȣʵ
Ͳһһ¡޵ǽˣ㻹Ϊмˣ
һ£쿴ģ
˵ͷ㲻ģԾ˵ˡ
һۣ˵ˣԺٷֱ֣㳤̵Ҳϰߡ
ӻСԺ󻹾ֻʹܲܵˣ
ֱðݼϡڸϣߵǰǣ֣ʮܣÿģչüЦ
Ͳ޲Ϲ£Ů˲ȶһ˫ݣ˵ò衣
Ȿ»ڶӦģڲϣ˶ȻЦŽ˲޵Ĳ豭Сһڣֽ辴ϡϺ֮ԷֶТ֮ӣ֪ô
ͷվ˵
Ϻȵţ˭׼վˣ
һ㶣ԭţĸף֪ˡ
ϵ֪
ǵģĸף֪ˣĸˡ
ϺһҲùţֱ׼ſ
޿ۣϵţ֪ˣ顣
Ųޣòŵ㲻ô顣
޵粻ˣңҰŲҪٷˡ
ϵУڽҶӣΪ㲻ٺһҪģ첻֪ء
¹ȥһ𣬶ϵţȻˣҾͺͷһܷҪãҲ͸Źá
ü̧һ£˵ǺãұһģȻֶһ㣬Ǿ͵üӱǾһɡ
֮󼱣æվȥϵֵҪţҲˣܲܲҪ÷һ죿֪ˣԺһĵġ
ƹޣ˵ûյҸţ
֣ӡĸףյ
ϵ㶼˵ˣ
ҡҡͷԼġ
ת˿ޣһţֻǺ棬룬дģӦܿϵû˵㲻ܿ
óһŵӣޣ㿴
ϸؿȥȿ󣬲ſڡһͺֶӣӸ˵Ҳһ°ɡ
չԭһ񵥣д챦֣ζȻֱȥĲɵÿһ£Ȼ̫ǲлʱôãͻȻζ˲ܡ޿ɫ㱣ŵüͷ˵ʱжأɵͷǰ˺ƬȻһֽƬ׷䵽ͷϡ
һ£ʡ
ϵ֪𣿡
ת˽ϻˡ
̾һúùţͨӰɡѲԼķ䣬ִ֣ᡣ
˶ʱֹĿɢ
ϸͷʵ⼸òã
޵ͷһֱܺãû뵽ﵽڶģʲôãұȲţҸô찡
ҡҡͷ֮飬ôˣ
޵ţҪлл㡣
ϵȱ룬˵㿴ҵţΪλã
޳һѵ˵ΪõдŸҺͷ
ϵղǲ˵յ𣿡
ҡҡͷţûյ
ϲţĻǼٵģյˣҸ֪
ҡͷţûյ˵ǻ֪дʲô
ϵʲôҾ̣ô㲻ͬ⣿
޴󾽣ţáѾˣô̡
ϵ֮ǰ㸸׺ĸ׾ʹûҪΪ檣
ĬȻ
ϵ˵û
޵ģǣ˵ˣҪҲģܹ⡣
üͷһ壬˵벻룬Ȳ˵ԸԸҪģѵͲãҲ˼ȣ
Զԣʼӵس
ϵڿ޻ʲôãҲûˣü޸˰ӣĺȻùģһӡ
һ̧ͷż˵ţҲڣҾǲԻһŮˣҲԣ
ϳһ㾹ȻԼҲݲ£Ǿ˵һ㶼檵ˣ
޴ˬ죬ᣡһӣֻһ
ϼ޻˵޺ȻţǰˮĿãͻȻʹ˵ҪˣһȥԼԼ
·䣬үٷˣǰ̫÷
ľΣòػ֪ľһѻˣ
侪㵣ˣ
޺ȵȥ
áתȥ
ͬصУѾ˵ٰҲˡ
ؿ˵ߵģ
޵ǣԼҲҪѵ㣬ҰΪ檡
ɵô󾽣˵Ѿ޸˰𣿡
޵дȥҵģҿûȻˡ˶٣˵ͨˣ˭Ҳܴ㣬ΪҵɷýȢģؿɼ̫ôֻǷ֮ĸѡൣǼˣ˵˵öԲԣ
һ㶣˵ԣҲ˵ԣֻؿ
գֹɵص㲻ϻشҲûйϵ֪ǰҵģ㻹ҲûйϵҲ׽ˣʱˣҳġ
ӯӯĴȣ§ĲӣƵ˵㿴ⷿ䣬ǲǻǶҹʱһģһĺúģһ˶һҹҹȹһҹ
һֱһ𹲶Ųţҵʱĺܽţҳⷿʱģָоһαҵʱһ
ѵͲãһֱᣬûпܹϲ㣬ΪλΌ㣿Ժֻ֮ĸܣںô˵˵ѪѪ飬˵ǼȾͼȡǶרŶԷġ
˵ͷסãҲ㱣֤ԺҲбŮˣȥһᾡȴдӴ˾ֻһ
ůůһЦȥһ£һ˶һһЦ޵͵͵˵˭ûʸ˽ǵȷ˽Ϊ˽ҵãҲκм䣬˵ǲǰ
ǡ


04
ת³ó׺ɫװһ׸һ׸ԼǴ֮µסһЦ˵һ£ȥ·
һһգؿ硣һӰ֦չǽϡһ˵ϤģʱһζϢ
Σϼ˿Ьٳǰʱ˴ϵˡĿ¡
˵ͷһ죬Լȥ·ҲĬĬϵȻʵﻹеţذװŶůůһЦ
ǣ֣ͬʱ˿
Ķҹʤˣжů
С׾ƣһݸ˵ǽ֮ͬз֮ɡ
ԥƬ̡
޵ʲôˣҷ㡣
ʱо۵ĺ촽΢΢ضһ£ʹһһġһҾ¶ǣѾͷؽᡣӯӯ˹Ͷͱ˼ذ˶ԷԼͬƵ㴲ӵʡ
޴ûйȼաӭǣӭİڽʱͻȻԺĽе䣬ڻˡȻһƮƮȻĻ˴롣ҧһڣûѣ·ûиоۡ
޼һû˯ţʱԺغۡʱۿû˯ѣΪƵԵʣƽʱ˯øӵҪһ
ֹһᣬ˫ۣͷۡĿԣɵһ˵ˣ
޵˵ͷ뿴˯ŵģ
ЦЦ˯ˣʲôͬô
ȻʧЦЦȻͬ˯źʱһ˵滰ġ
һɫ죬Īʧԣ˵ʲô˵Ļʵôˣǲ˵ʲô㲻ˣ
ҡҡͷУֻ˵ҿĵĻ
˿˵ǣҶ˵ʲô㿪ĵĻˣ
޵Լǵˣã
󾽣䲻ǵãҲľõġ
ޡꡱһЦ˵ˣҲǿ𴲰ɣҪȥ밲أˣһҪˡ
ȴڴϣŲ޲
þҲһµ㡣
Цصиʹ
ɵʲô
˵ЦΪģȴһ仰Ҳ˵ĸס죬˱һ¡һƮƮȻϴ֮ǻζ
ϲ֪Ǳ޴˻ȥ̾һӣҪʲôʱŻᶮ£˫˫밲ѾˣŲ޵ֵǲǻң
ҡҡͷˣϱֻоηŵķݣĸţ
üͷһһߣתҲķϣҲٷˡȻҲʲôպ󻸼ҵ鹣ͲˣҲٸǣúڼ޽ӡ
޲ɵ죬ﰵʲôӣӻ֪ء
˻֣˵ȳȥɣҸЩҪ˵
Ӧؿ˿ޣתҪߡ
ͻȻֽס궼ڼңǰļҲҹ㣬˼ңҪأǰЩĵ˾ͲҪˡ
Ʋ˵ʲôʲô˲ǲİ
ϵһۣ㽻ЩǸҹӣû̻֮صģѵǲ𣿡
󾽣üֽţ˵˵Ҵδȥʲô̻֮أԼҲ֪ģðᡣ
ϵ˵ûУȥŰ޶ȥ
Ͳһ£Ρ޻ɲֻôӦȫĻˡ
ȥִ֮Ų޵ǰԺڵţǰˣٷ簲
һ˵ûУ
һԼִʲô
طˣš
ᣬһԼʮĸˣʮòȴʷǷ޽˵ٷˣߵĽ㣬£ġ
ȻѾǰһӣ˵ٷˣ֡޿ϵţûΪҰ
ϵָ
ֻһֻ䣬
Щʱ϶ʵҶϱϲ
һԭˣԼȫû뵽ӽ»λشס˺˵
ֻҡҡͷ˵طˣٷûϲȻɥ˲һۣʵǷ֮¿ɽԣ
Ծ̬͵͵صȻܺá
£ҶϱΣ
³Ƭ̣ʲ޵ٷ˼ϸ쳣ɳҩ
ʵشʱбĿ͹Щҩ˵洫طƣмõЧãҳʹã˵ϲ֬ζұ㲻ˡ
µ˵ͷѰ˼Щʱִд¸ӣݸϵˣٷ볤ڳҩΣ˷ҩÿ찴ʱãҽÿչٸķҩ
˿üɢ˵ͷšӦһתԸŷȥץҩһմֽһƲضԲ޵ҩɼģٷֹãԺмǲҪٸʹˡ
ȻӦ
ְ˵ãڵλΪʱԺҪʲô֬ˮۣ߽֮࣬Ǵ˵ȡˣЩȴòϣģҲҪ˵㼸䲻ǣȻҪҲֻ˰ӣ˵δ㣬㲻ʩۣ֬Ҳɫ˼ϡ
޴üߣԶԣֻͷӦ˱
µһ£ƣӣٷ˳ԼҪע⣬ҪȰүнơ
࣬ϣ͵͵ص˵óڣ
Ѿͷ˵ڱ㲻˵ѵȥ˵
޼ѵص˵ͷ˵ðɣ˵ǡ
³ȥŲޣһĺͰףȴĳ˵ޣ鷳ֻǾԼ缲óձӣҵԸһ檵£
޵һжŵģֻҪԺһ£ңԼҲԸ⣬۰ң֪ġ
ϵ͹ԹԵĻհãϹͷû֮ǰӵ
޵ǡĵֲˣʹʹҪʲôã


05ɪ

ͬʱҩ֪ǲĻԼģߺȱЦɫ΢죬һۣ˵ЦʲôЦЦֹЦסʰȥȴ޶һҩţǺȲȥЦʵôʲôط
һ̧ͷӭĿ⣬پ˼˵ǵģǴҿҩרη纮ġ
һӣ˷纮ʲôʱôҲΪ򰡣
޾ִٵصֲʲô󲡣˵ʲô
Ŷһ濴
޵ԼֲǴôó
ţҲǵģҩ˾ʧЧˡ
üͷ壬ǿҩζֱѬŻּζ˵ȣȲȥ˵ҪȥЩƷźΣ޵ãƷʧȥҩЧģǲԵĺá۾ȵһʱͿһ¡ıֻȻһڰҩꡣ
ЦúȲúȰ
޺ֱðô֪ҽ˶һ룬Լ׿ڳ
֣˵ˣˣûʲô纮
޺һʰʵǱ߶Щʲô֪̽ʲôùֲ˼ģֵ֪˻жԼ뷨˵ļҳѣ˵ᷳ
ʲôҳĵһҪôҩ
е£ļҳļҳҩҩ£뵽һˣ
ã㲻˵¾ȥס
޻ŵס˵㲻ȥҵģûʲô
ߣ㻹ŲңҲ˵
Ƿϣġʲô°Ϲ£
û£ö˶˵ĺʲôҩΪҲ֪ʲôз纮ô
޾ȣ֪ˣô
ʲô£ôģ
޵ãҸ㣬岻ã
һ漴ЦΪһô
ûȢãǲǣ
ǡ
޵ǣ
ˣĲǵġ
޲֪жģɻǸж˽֪ʲôʱʼŵٱйɻǾܱûеĺáʱ˵ԼʱʱִԼһŮˣҲûа취£˭ѾԼɷ
˶ʱͻȻͷ쳣ѣʵ᲻ں
㲻ǻе𣿽ʲô
޵Ҫβأ㻹᲻Ҳڣ
Ҳûʲô˵£һᾡ˵ġ
ޱ㲻ٿˣ˵Ļǳĵġһϵ飬¾;òìأǹڻȴʼղ֪
ӴˣմڼУӲϲ飬࣬ʱרעʱȤĵطЦҪҲһ鿴һ£ͬЦϲһַʱȻѹ§Ųޣʱһ֪֮תŬһ죬һļͷֱۻһЩ޹ʹĵط
ʱԾ֣Բޣǹ֪ãޱ˵żв޹ȥ֪϶ҪˣһЦ£һ٣һ֧٣Իᴵ˱ִ࣬˲ƣ
ͻȻлʱ⣬ã֣֪ʲô˳оôɳͬʱ¥Ͽȥֻ־ǰ·ˣһĵ·
Щʱһʼʻ޺һĲǱˣǲ޵ò塣ţ㲣һˣԶԶȥģǰӡ
ԭӽʱʵױ͡ǰʱֽһͣ£ͣ岢³ʲôƵģСӷ·Ȼһ
޿һۣʵǷҪȥ
ĬƬ֮ת¥ߵȥ߷ˣĹʹߣǲ
ȥʱ𣬳С
֮󣬲еأͻȻ̾˿˵ղſӦùòðɡ
˵ͷǷ·ͬİ·
֮˶˵ֵͻȻӣֱ²޺ݹȥ˵ҪǣԼɡ
ǲδȥ˰˹һһ˵ǣ
һʵʲôˣһߴչȥֻǲܰδ쥣עǷ޹ϵҲһѿڶǰ˵仰ôôͳף
ƳһۣߺߵЦһ˵Ҫ˵ʱҶҲûʲôøУڲҲӣ
Цôһʥּ͵Ļ飬Ҳ޸ң˵ţһ²޵Ϊڳľ˼ѽޣڿءһ˵һָָ䣬˿ˡ
ȫƽϣֻЦһЦ߲͵˵ˣ˼һأǲ
ҵȻҪӣأǲ
Ц˵˼Ƿ޳˫ɶԣѵҾͺ˼һ˳ȥǣҵȻҲҪ
һЦ
֮󣬲ܰδ쥼Ͳ޶ò졣ΪǻʵȴЦӭɵ˿ðˡ
δ쥵ֵܽͲܹӼʱãô֪Һͷһ£Яףء
Ȼܰδ쥳ǰҲΣǵĻȴǸĸ֮ý֮ԣ֮మ˵⡣֮ʱ޸游׳ãֲ֪٣ƽʱãҲû֪õ
Ϲ󣬲ܰʱصľôҲǸ缸ðϯǽӷϴ֪ǷزֻǺѶѣ˵ֺɩˣϴǲҪģǲֳδüžأͽҸϰϯǲ˰ɡ
ֵܰʵЯţʵУ뻸ֺٷոġ
ͲһʵŶĸ룿
ܰǸո˶ĸޣ֣»֪ɣ
ֻ֪⡣ԭ̺Ÿհ࣬Ҿ͸̫ϡͽˣȢϡͬöʵ϶Բڴȫϡ£㿪ʼ׵켺޴˴вܰҲϡ˼еϳеϵϡշԼǺãڲƽǾֻó
δ쥴뵽˼ԼҸͼҹҲǳ͢٣ԸܰˣۻҸ̫ǱˮݣǴĬɣл


06

һʱû⣬װͿ˵ԭ˰ȷʵӦҼѹȥҫҫġ
ȥһɫһȥ裬һߵ͵͵˵үٷӦȥһᣬҴӦ˰ɣȥҪôȴ֮ȥ
ͷֻܰǺǣҲ˼ҲǾǼܾûһˣѵöھǣʶ۾۾ɶѡ
һЦ˵ȻˣǾ۾ɵ˿ɶô
δ쥵ǴǰʫϼЩˣѵǵˣ
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δ쥵Щ£Ҳ˵ģ븵λҲôСҽз˵˵;ˡ
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ܰһΪѣ˵ǣﶼѾ˰
Цһ˵Ŷǣܹӵ˼Ǿ벻𣿡
δ쥵ãɱô˵Ҽҷ˼
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δ쥵ʵҲӣ޵ȷһƬġ
޺һ˵ʲôأҸױᣬʱҲô͸ʲôģʲôԵʣǶͻȻ˺⣿أȥʫᣬΪҲ֪ǼӸʲôģ֪ҺͷлԼˣȴҪ˼ȻҲÿɳܣ
һͨ˵òܰܰ˵֮ǰֶǵĲԣɩ˶¡
޵Ƕ£Ҫ£˵ЩҪ̫ˣǿɸء
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ܰ޻˵ֻŸôȥתүˡ
δǰҲǸ޹ϵϺõģû뵽ԼɷԵŰݷãȴԼĲ뵽ȥ⳯͢ųʱҸͼҹûа˼˵û˼ҵ֮ʱôĽʵǷǳġ
ʶҲôˣԽԽĵ˼뻸ңȻǰȨƣҺͷȺСоҲѹˣ治ӦôӦް͡
˵ǣܰδ쥱һٻЦˡ
ͲҲͳֻ˸˲ˮСѾͷͶѡȥ󣬲ޱȥյϯϸԸ޼˵صԺȻЦʵղȥʫ£ʱ㻹ͦģΪθղšȴҪô
Ϳ˭˵ˣ
ǲô
޵ȻģһɫƵĿңһڷëȴãһ˷˯˼ң
˯ֻһֱ͵
޵͵ʲô
Ц͵㵽ûгǽ֮⡣
޷Ȼ㣡ôᶼϽ˵ûУƭأҲţҵʱ˯ˣʲôҲûġ޵û˵ʲôõĻʲô˵£Ų㣡
գڽһ¥̨ϰϯǰʫϵ֮⣬һףǸ޵¸μޣ֪Ĳò֮ǾþõشȻ󲻻˵˾䣬˹Ȼͬˣѹֲ˱ɩӡ
֪ǰƼԼ̫£Լɷ򵱳תͷƳķӦֻҲڿԼЦЦ⣬ػصҹˡһ䣬ǻʼҿɾеùˡ
һˣ˸ľȻ⣬Ķ͵͵طЦ
һ仰˵ö޺޵Сˣ治СȻ˵һۣԼĲ죬˵˵СƤ
޵ҵƤֲ˵õģʹ˵ҪСʲô
Ȼ
ʱͻȻӯвסŲ˵ãô˵͹Ҳˣô˵棬ͱٶ˰ɡĺһĺֱһʱ벻˵
֪ҲˣݺݵصСһۣŭ㲻˵û˻ᵱư͡ӯŵ˻ȥһߵϸ붫ϢŭһߺݺݵؽѵԼá֪Ȣؼҿɲʲôİ
͵Цһᣬ˵Ȼ˶ˣǴҾ͸Ͻɡ
ҪȻû˻ʱͻȻͣ۾ֱֱشʡ˵ӳÿ濡ѹֻ˵Լأ˻һѿǸɨءҲһ취ҲûУǵùЦط


07ʿ
Ҳ˵ΪжڳԼһң޵ĸĸͲ֮⣬Ҳ˭Ҷ˵䲻ǡģô˱ȵԼҪӵĲʱˡ
ƹѲ֮ȵȻǲˮ˿˵ֻųԷȲ裬̫û˼ôֱ֪ˣ˵ᣬȻĶɾۻȴɸġ˵Ųؿһ¸ޣ˵֣˵ǲǰ
һ߿ɫһߵͷǵġ˵ԭǶΪֱضʲôõ飬ȴû뵽ôãֻῴ֮⣬ʲôˡ
ˣ̲סЦ˳¶Ͻһѿͷ̧߰֡һۣתȥ˵ǹżɫҲʲô𣿡
˵ʲôԣֻˣȴû뵽Ҳ³ӣ̫ǰˡ
ʵǰôģ뻸Ӹ֪
˵ǰֵɶˣʲôʫ˴ʻˣдʫҲʵҲҪ˵ˣһַǳ˼롣
Բ޵Ŷô
޵βһΪأ쿴ŸޣŶ˰죬û˵Ȼޱ˵ȻôҶԹ˵빫ǲٱ˰ɡ
ǺãǻӲ裬극ɢ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ΪǷˣҪǺȾƣǺȲģȲһԽ̧ؼˣɨ˹¡Ҫʫʲôģ˵ˣ˼Ҳһ˵Ķ֣ҪĿǾͺܺ˵ˣ˵۸ˡԣ治֪дˡ
ЦߣôĿ˵ˣĳԣ޵صĵʱ˵ġŶΪμʱҪ˵Ŀ񻰡
޴Ϊĵ͸ˣԲ뵽ҪǱһȽϣΪǼҲһ˵ġ
һʱʵգ˵ĵʱŻ뵽ԼЩ˱Ƚϣ˵ҪһȣӦĻˣ̣ۺŸ˵ȻǷһһ֮ͣҲٸǹĨǵˣʲô£ֱӸ˵˰ɡ
޾˹֣Ӧǣ
˶ɵÿˡ
Բڴ̫Ӽȱв֮ʿ̫֮뻸볯̫һ֮ġ
װɻص֣ʵҪң
޵Ȼģﻹ̫ӵͣҪҪ
ҡҡͷ˵ţ;ͲؿˡȻˣǱ̫ӵ֪ˣʮʱʥǰһֲΪЦ̫Ҫв֮ʿôȴҵͷ
޵⡭̫ӵ˼֪ز¶֮ˡ
ҡͷҷǳúܣʲôز¶
˵˿ǴвѧСƷԼѧ൱˲ϲڿ˵ǶԻʮֵ⣬ĪǲǼ˼֮˻ز¶Ĳѧô
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޵ϲԼɷҲҪɵôǹϲʲôɣ
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ЦһĹϵ̸ֱͣϲ
߳ŭתĨˣܻ֮У볯ΪΪвѧǿڳǰ̵ʯͷһͷķϣ߲룬̬ɣ
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ͲͬʱվЦЦ˵Щˬ죬Ͳ㶯ˡϯѾʵģҪǻ⽭߷羰ɣȸǡ
˵Я޵תȥûԼĻš
Դ˺󲻾ãһ̫ϡ̽ʵۣպӻڲ̺̫ӼòᣬĶѡȥʱȥз֪ӣھʵۡʵ۲Ȼŭ̫ӿ־壬ԸʵСֻʱͻȻһУ̫Ӽƻʵۼݱġ
գ̫˾ɥѸ£ʵ򲡼ݱެطأ뾩ɥպ󣬻ʵ۳룬̶׼»ʵǻȻԣȵ֮ɣ̫ξִ˺˸ԡ
ϡ˳ǻ֮󣬸ެǰ֡Ȼд౱ʵۣ˵ϡ߱ıλ֮ӣӦ֮˳⡣ʵг֮ģһ׼࣡ҹһ֮ͬ֡󣬱ʮӱݷˮ½·£ֱָϳıݡ
ؽ£ʮѱƽͶ̫رꡣǼȤݣݶսʮܡĹݣˮֱƾ꣬Χգɱ̫ŷξνʰܾġ
սһУ𶯣ϡ޲ߡ
ʱΨ򣬱òýݲΣھ˽ģôʮңֻʦֱһĿǽݡ˱صأʧʷʲŸ˵˽ģŵùӡӡ
ָ漱ϡæʼ䣬˳ԡǴŭŭҲãΪսĴ󽫣ǱɱˣԼӡս֮ˡдţٵͷݵϣǰ̵ܴ佫ڶڴ󽫾ϣϺβּɻҺмɲȥУ
ϡ룬˼ʹãȳ⻼ʰ㻸ҡѶԸµãǾȥּ⻸Ϊ²󽫾бʦ
ȥãִر˻ϡݵϣ˵缸վѾɢĻţҪϳ󽫾ϡ⡭ʲô˼ŵǡǲԸ󿹵С
ϡŭд⡭ô죿ô죡
ʱЦسݵϣһƣҪҵҲ˵С
ϡϲ˵
˼һʯڸެУʵв͢ľֻ⿤нѵû˵벶ȸںôΪӦóûȸûж֣罫Ƶǰ档
ϡ˼ǣȥݿУ
ͷǡգʥּ£ΪСʦؽϡգơԮȲפݣ֡ˣķԶ


08Ƹ

һ£ϡҪɿڻڳΪ٣Զɢ˴󽫾ϵĻţ볯̫͢ϵһʱˡ
ϡǻϱ˱ܻ׼ǱһأԴ˵ԼõؽլǵصĴʿ壬һ¶ĸĻȥҲиӻֽɢĻԭĵļҳ¶˻ҵʳͣûмֻǸ˸ʽѡ
ɾˣ޵ﻹⲻҪǣ뽨ǨԼµ۶ȥסǿ˿ڡ֪ϳּңػҵģԼĽ飬ᱻǳ衣ֻø˵˵
ֻҡͷʾͬ⣬ޱ׷ǰȥҪһ˵ţɲͬͬģӲͬġ޵ҵȻ֪ԲҪ˵ѽҲͬ⣬ôҪȥ˵
Щһۣ˵Ϊʲôͬ⣿ǲϲҵסýôûвϲǼҵҵھǣҲǨ߰޵Ų˵һ£ͻȥҵȥȥȥҲȥߣԼҲ˵ҸɵΪһиʲô⣬Լ·ڲвʱ𣿡
˵Ҳ㲻ʲô⣬ǻ˸ʵ۶ѡ£ĸҲѾ˰ˣﻹõŲİ
޵˭˵˸ʵ۾ûˣѾʼ𣿡
Ҳһʱ򲻵ҪʱٳǱѣĸ׵ģȥοĸ׵Ĺ磬һûȥأ㲻һȥ𣿡
޵ʲôÿģͷˡ
ȥǲͰȫˡ
޵Ųǣ۶һ֮أرֵбȫ
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бҪ㣬ô㰲ȫ
һһ£ƺȴֲǣûǼôԹ󣬱˾ͻŹ𣿻˳ǵ⣿
ôᣬ游εĴ壬˽ΪƽطҲòӣȥ˭ǵ⣿
ִţȻŮ˵үٷˣСˣҪٷ˹ȥһˡ
޿ú֡ǵ·;ңԶȥʮʱ䣬ôô͸ϻˡΪҪջҪԼ˵÷ҲͬȥҪʱŮһţ˵ү˵ţ˽дġޱ㼴վס
ǺǵЦЦһ߽ŵݹȥһʵ벻ȿһ
죬ʵɿ˵ʲôˣ
繫ӣҪҪ˵滹ܻᵽأ
˿һ䣬ƣЩˡתַ˵ô˵ߡ
һߵÿҲ¶ܲµһ߲šչϣ˵˵ս½֮ʣ˵˺ܶǹĻȰȥǱߣЩ¶ѣԼԿһ¡
Ц㲻˵ᵽҵ𣿡Ȼаˣ˵ԼҪҵģҿʲôҲû롣ǣǸȥǲȥأ޵ɱңȥɣ˵Ҳǲģϣȥ
ϵһ࣬ϰѲԼߣ˵ôҲ밲ʲô𣿡
룬ĲТӲġԭһֱϲҴްϲûСסޣ밲𣬱ΪʵûйϵģΪ¶ѡ
ŸӦԣת˻⣬˵ˣԺ󣬻ҪܵģһҪע塣
һ£䲻ڣ㶼ҹܸ£ΪһֻҪԹأȴʣصţϱ֪ˡ
ʱиѾϵˣ﹫Ӵˡ
չһЦֵϢ湻ģŸոջ׷Ƹˡ΢΢ߣͷ׼Ǽſڶˣߣƽʱôļء
޳ʱɻ󣬵һһ֮Ҳµ߰˷ˡʵţϾҪ𣿡
ϵ˵ͷ˵¸µĳˣҲ֪ģ»ȥҲҪϲѾԸȺţҪȢǼҵС㣬ҪԵģߵ½ˣȻͻСȥ
ҧ´ϵˣ㲻ҪΪ˾ڵģΪءЦЦôôͻˣҲգȳȥɡһЦ޺㼴תȥˡ
ߺϴ޽䣬һѱӣ˵ЩȫǼҵĿ֮ҾҪˣھͲеðЩϸؿһ顣
һ£پͻȻԴӸռ޽Ϊ˵λһ֮󣬶Թ¾ԽԽˣҲӴûٸЩʲô֪ʮֿԼģѾˡһͻȻѰڵԼǰˣȴûежˣԺһʱ᲻ͱˡ
ϼٳٲӣɻصǰǺƹܸµôôֲˣŰʱ˹˵ҸˣİɣЩһȥúÿһġ
ϵͷðɣ߹ҲǴСѧµˣزñȥ޵Ȼžܷġϵˣ԰鶼ϵģһҪȥǻҵδͲԸˡ
޵õģţǶϱȸˡϵУ޵Ҳ죬Ǽôʱ䣬˿ܿһҪ÷ġ޵Ȼһ÷⡣
ʱʱ޲űֳˣʵĻٷˡ
һԭʱӣ˵˵ҪûЩѵͲҵķ𣿡޵ȻҲǣɾǾûȱٵʲôڿɺãˡֳӣԺеæˡֵȥֻΪ𣿡
޵˵ͷ˵Ǵ°
ѵûٽ˸Ѱ
ᣬ㷴̫徲ǲǣ
ЦǣǵģֻǾֶѣôͻȻͲأ
޵ҲΪҪҵδɡ
ɵʲô
޵㣬ǸλǸС㣬Ҫˣ¸£ŻһҪ÷ء
ͻȻŲ޵֣ЦҲȥ
޵ʲôÿһҪʱء
ȥӲţ˵Щֱһ˼ûУ㿴۰ǿ߰ɡ


09

ʵʱƸ޵ǰµĳˣһְŵġʮȴֻﲻ˵´ң»ʲڻң˶óǲԸǣ䣬֪Լ˵ôͼޣϾͻ˵Ϊ޵ԭ򣬱ϾǻҵٷˣȴһֱռӵеȨ
³ˣһװ˻ţҡ޹Ȼ÷⣬һ˿꣬ԼʱһҲѷɫװװ˺üӡĶǳԹ󣬶Ǵ඼ֻֻ֪ߵһѾɳʮ־ȡ
УԻ֮һֱڻסš᲻÷ȥҲ໰Ƿǳ᲻ϵġûһڻɣҲûһӲҵĵֹ˼죬ĬĬᣬɷȥˣԴ֮Ҳṳ̂Ĵš
ʱ򽨿ҲԽԽţԴݣܵý벽෽࣬ΪֻоʮԵֵŴ͢ҪҪȴٳδлֵеʱڳϰսܣмز
ľӽΧֻһͻΧԮʱʹ𶯣ҥ˵ĹӺܿʹˣʹĻ̡̻𾩳Ƿľֻ˾УξҶǴû̵ģ൱סϡҲʮһݼֲסϾֱֳ彨Ļʵ۱ͻסˡ
ԭϸԮҪǵʹ׳󣬽ӲʰѾȼü֮ʱҲ˲࣬һ洫ϷݿԮݣһ˴ŵ⣬ȴȰ˵мɲСּ˭Ȱ˵ɹ߹µһʱʹϻݷõȨ󵲶ס
ÿ춼ҪӼЩˣؾ;ᷳˡŵĻݷүģǰһϰүӦҪ˲ͻûлһɲ׼šԴ֮ǰ죬ЩʱΪӣһӼǣдһѸ˵ֳʽҲһۡ
ãЩ֪ǲ͵˼ҲٵˡҲƽ࣬ʼջһӣͬһ͵ģÿ϶ݽδͣޱ֣ùһĽһ漴ǳʵӵأ
˵ˡ
޵֪ʲôˣ
ˣҲǼģ㼴䴩Ѱյ·ǿóǹˣǸ̫ࡣ
޺һͷߣֻͷ˵һҪע㣬Ҫӣͽ˰Ѻҡ˵ߵؽţصԺҪڣһץ˼׷ʡ
ԭԴӲƹ˻£Ͳ˵ദʱˡΪ˺ܲˣָո޳䣬Ͷȥˡ֮ǰҲܶΣÿˣ֮͸Գšޱ㼴
ʱɫ޹⣬Ѿҹˣƻͨ޺סվסȥˣȻһ㵣ǰθܣ֮ҲǿͿģʺůعԼôȴװͰ͵ģȻãһƿ߹ȥ߶һ
ɫ࣬סҽվסѵ𣿡
عͷ˵ˣƾʲôҪģ
޽һӣصԼɣ㻹ΪҲ֪Щʲô𣿡
չһһͬСɣȻлԼ档һ̧ͷӭϲ޻ڵԼĵһӾûУæҪԼңֲ֪˵ҲԲȥ棬㲻Ҫ˺òã
޵ƭˣ˶˵ˣǾģΪ벻Щû¾Ͱҳ죬ͽڳȥѵΪҪ𣿡
аҸͲ֪˵£ʲôþ𣿲ţԽ˰ЩͽӶϸһ飬ûٹһӡˣҲ޻˵ˡ
޾Ҳԩ˽ʱȫһӡһҳʮлصӣеļʮһţϿÿһ͵ġֽ˹ʻ֤ʵһҲûٹŷģȷԩˡϢŭ˵㣬ô
ϴ󲻸ˣΪ쵽ߣûʱԼߡ˹˵ȥ
޺ȵң
ǰװҪȥӣһת˵ȻûңֻȥһˣѵҲҪԴ𣿡
㲻׼ȥⲻ𣿡컹ҪߣǰѱлʲôҲˣ޵֣㶼Ѿˣ˼ҲҪչԼ𣿡Ͱ鶼ܼңҲʲô¶ˡ޵ܼվǸˣܲҶ˼ҿڴŰɣ
תҪߣǰסɫҪȥȥ޵ʲôҸµҵӣЩ£Ҳ
޵ĸȥʰ۶ȥһţĲֺ̣壬޲Ųˣһۣʵ˵ȥôȥֻ֪ޣҪǺһ㣬ѵͿȥɣ޵ٺģҾͻѸ㣡Ҳûܸӣһﰭǵ£
뵽ȥˣû˵䣬Լɹġ޵㻹ȥУֻ˵˵ŻŻѡ޵ǾҺ۸ǰɣб£ȥ˼ûʺȢٷ˰˵ʲô軰ˣҴˣôҪȥڣͲˣֻ㣬첻ңҲ֪жѹء
ޱͷȥ̲ס͵͵һЦְһ˵Ǻðɣӣִô죿ûʺԼȥĻᰡѵһ㶼Ķ
һίصʵһֱʲôû㲻ҺùҪЩеͷϡ޵˵ô죿Ҳ˵ˣҲȥģһʺټһ޹ְˣȥˣ϶ҪǶˡ
ޡߡһ۵ԭô밡ƭ˵ûˡҲ밡ǵķޣҪ֪ȥĻᣬҲ˵ͷϵģѵͿܣ޵ҲСôаѵ㻹ȥ޵㲻һģҪˣһҲ֪ӶǼҲ˵ʵ۾ͻнʰǻأȥӲУҿܲˣ
˵ҵ׸ô죿
üͷҲ֪ԺҵģҲţ˵úֱȥ


10
գӵһ֪ͨһ˰ˣһ仰ҲһٶĩˣֽǰЩͨͨȥ˵ˣԺٽˣȥ˵ˣ˭ûкùġ
໽п࣬˶ˡ
üͷչģѵǺˣǰֻǾãϾҲǻʺ£Ҫȥģ᲻취ǣ
һ˵ңҪǴҶ˺Ƥùء˵ˣ˿װģҿԽ˵֪ʲôˣҲ͹ֵòҶ˰ɡǺðɣ㲻ȥ˵һ£޵зִ磬ġЦЦһȥɡ
ǲ޴֮󲻾ãѾʱ֣ʹӹ˸̫࣬żʮʿӵųݵšһȥӼʱɵ˰ɣ￩һ£һ²޵ȻȥˣԸɡ޳סһõŴСֵ𣿡
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̵̻طҶʱµˡƬ̣ϲŵƽ


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һ·ϲ޶Ǳ۾ʱﲻ֪ȥ֮ôɷ򡣺±лؿΪΪ̾Щˣ֮֮δһлصɡ
ֱй޺лţͬʱסˡͬǾ̾㿴ӣҿ϶ֻǶ˵漴һлϾǻʺ󣬹еڻǲܲġ΢΢Ƿӣص񸾲ϣʺǧꡣ
ޱΪлزԼɫ׼ôʱȴлӯӯЦŲ޵ֱ˵òؿɡһֱһ򣬱ȥ
лһȦصλϣаֻʺļӡԸǰ޽̫濴ţҪвܻӭҪ˵岻첻͡ģ˽Ҵ
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޼лعȻԼ԰Ҳмĵ˵ʺ˵պ󱨸лصܣ㲻ǲкȰ㻹Ƕңֺ㡣޶پѿȻлʺѣҵȻ㣡
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ҲЦˣӤ˵ɣҪһҪʲô
Ӥȴ⣬ָָŲͷϵĹΡüָذӤıǼ⣬˵滵ǰ̵͸̵Ĵ֮˵ġ˵ˣŮӵĶҪѽ
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13ط
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14
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޾ͬ飬ԥǰҪȥӱͻȻסޣţȥǲǣ޴󾪣ס˵ҡ㲻ǲԵô
ԣҪؼȥǰô˵
޿лһۣεصĲҲ㣬ʵΪֻصߡʱлؿﾹǷߺޣ˵ɣô𣿡
Ǻģߣѵ㻹ҪȻңȴҪ˸ӣҵʲô
лһ£˼£ӿʵصðɣµ񣬿ǲˡұȵٷˣҶԼ׶ӵʱŸġ
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һ§ס㻹𣿻ҵʱƭ𣿡
лصˣֻкڡԴɣҵĶһرأҵľͿʼۣҶ뻹ߣҲǵĺӣǡʣ˵ȥˡ
ص˵ˣھʹߣҲƭ㣬Ҳ۸ģ
Ȼ˽ɫصлҪˡ
лԴ󾪣æƿɣ졭ߣǵĺӻؼȥӦ
ȭͷһգ˵ãһ
лصˣϾӣɱȨ㻸ôܶù͢𣿡
һţȴҲ˵лؼöţ޵ٷˣ㻹Ȱһ
ŻعʹְѺס˵ȰѺӻͻȥ˵лؿȻԸԼĺӣɵôĻϲв֪θм嵽ſڵٷˣɾͰˣûд𻰣ֻͷлһۣ㼴漴۶ȥˡ
֪Ӳޣ˴ʹǰšһͶһӵһ·Ͼƽƽˡޱɣһͬϣһ·϶û˵һ仰ﶼ֪ġȻԺûе⣬˭ޣȺл֮˵Ĺϵ˸ӣֺԼĶӲһôöûа㶯
ﵹ˭Ҳˣл֮ĶԹԹӵĳ֣Ѿɢ˿ֻöԲסޣβٴγŵûһġȻźӣǲܿ϶һ㻵ͷûУһͻȻȫӵϿô죿Ĳѵضһ
˶Դ֮ҪٻصǰۣѾѺѡΨһܰһҲӲģǻ˳ķޡ
͵͵ƳһۣջĿ⣬۵øƵġϸǰ޹£ȻϱТˡ
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޿ֻͷȻǲϣ̾һȻվϵԱ£ţɡ
ϳһѰ˼س˻˿תԲ޵ѵǸŮ
޵ͷص˿ѾڷҲЩʱ˵ţǣǻҵĹ⣬ӦøеĲŶԡ
ϵǣôܿ϶ǼҵĹ⣿
תȥһ֣صó
һ̧ͷǲ޷ߺ޵Ŀ⣬ɵһݡǺӵݸʱԥһ£¶ģץס֣ץýģһ㶼Ϸɣ˵ޣܣԭֻҪԸ⣬ǻǰعӡ
޵ﾡŭ𣬺ϵصſǴδйľܾǳϡ񱻻Ƶģ˫ַȴ˵ӣҪǷޣѵôޱ۾ȵſ
һ֣
޽סӣȡֽϵ˹ȥ˵ǸŮ˷ֿʱ仹⺢Ѿˡ
̾˿ѾȫȻˡ˲޺һģ޺κΣԼδ֪ĵǡֿﱧŵӤǿɰСЦЦҲЦˣֻСЦ¸˵ޡ˵ģҵȻܿģһҴӴкˡ
һ仰˵꣬޵˳ػϣ°͵ţȴ˶ãڵӤϣˮ޳鴤һ£ȡһɾǺӵ
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Ц˵㻹֪ɵ֣ҲӸأɣְ
˵ò޸˵ġȴҧ´㼴ӵؿ޸ֹϿҲʮۣһ߸ͷοһ߳㲻˵Ҳ˵ưͣ
󼱣һ޵ߣļޣޣңҲ˵Ժʲô˵ˡǰĶԲס£ұ֤
޺ݺݵشϵ㱣֤ʲôұ֤ٴÿζƭңұƭһΣһΣѵĶ𣿡
ʵ벻ףȻѾ⺢ӣΪȴֶԼޡ˵Ҹ£Ƕǹȥˣ⺢ӣҲǰľʣ㲻Ҳ˵Ϊʲô㻹Ϊƭ㣿
޵ԼףǾ͸˵ŵ¸£
ңòˣҪȥҲҪװķڷ
޵ղŶôڶôԼú룬ֻ˵ѻˡǰʱҵǰʱֺңɵͷûһ滰
ʱˣԼʱһʱڳ嶯֪ôԴ׵ģȴҪĶͷ鸴ȼҲѹ


15־
޿޵ö˵ˣϼȰҲȰסͶ˵㻹ԼȻȥɣʱЩ֮ȥ޿κΣֻȥˡַԸ̵ӣҵĻùܼȥҸӶ˻ֵġ
ĩˣᣬıȰҪٿˣµȷ̫֣һġ
ҲסޣѾԼҲƲסĵزҲֹסӿ˵ţҰʣʵǡһˡһңܵøճסƵģҵľ͡һӱˣģҲ˶ѡ
ϵĵ棬ҲҸŮĹ֮£
޵˵ͷţԼɷﶼۡи󣬲֪ܴܲӦ
ϵ˵ɣŶġ
޵ֿסЩӣһ˾һ˵𡣡
ϵҲã˶Ҫһҵ¾˹ȥᵽȥסЩˣӦȥסɺã
޵ллš
̱ɣȥѾԸֽѾʼˡæȥ˻˼£㼴ֲٿ֡ϻϲص⺢ӣҲϲء
Цˣ˵ڹһۼ;øԵ֣뱧һ벻⺢Ҳ֪ҵƵģҺϾͻ᲻޲ˡ
ϵѵôͨϽҲĺø
޵ƽͨϱĵȻҲܷ¶̫ȷߺƽɺӱϾ޹ģͷİɣԺһԴԼһչ˺ɵġ
ЦЦ˵˾ͺáͻݣ˵ôרܺҿĵĻ˵ĺöϱҵĸء
΢΢ò˼û뵽ԼԽԽֺˡʱץ˲޵ָ˵ۣȻѽѽؿˡٺҲЧ
Ҳ˵ôˣղŻúõء
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̵طˣܼѾȥˡ
޵ȥܼ˵˵ҪҼһ͵ȥҪѡõġ
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ϵһȣЦЦԲ޵ޣ֪ôõģ
޵ȻҪһ㣬ӸɾģǺãţѵôϲÿɷ񣬶˵ٷ˵˼ȥɣҪ˳ȥһ˳һЩµ͹
̵ǣˣȥ
ֿ˿ѽѽ޵ɣЦСڰǰ㶼ίõء
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һɵ˵ãԺҾɵһĸһģİɡʧǵǷ˵ţȻȥˡϵãҪעЩ壬ɱۻˡӰ㼴ӿ˺Σ˵ޣǧҪ˼밡ûлӦͳȥˡ
صԺʱѾĲ˳ȥڷûߡ޿Ƭ̣Ťͷȥ˵ôߣ
ҡٿһ㡣
޵ûľأõ𣿡
ΪʲôҪңһǲɷ׻ûң
޵߰ɣֻһ徲徲ʱ䣬Ҳͻõġ
ǵڰҸϳȥ𣿡
޵ǻҵĴүĸ˵㣿
һһߵ޵ĸǰصޣҪңΣమģοˣ
޵ڲ˵Щҵĺֻۣһ˾һ¡
ޣҼ㣬𣿲ҪűҪޣѸٲ˸գԵüΡ
޵㵽ǲߣ㲻ߣתš
ǰסߣҲٱˣߣߣԺЩҲȥֻԭңϣ㡭Ҫҵȵ̫á
ޱطУ顱һŹˡЩʱ͵͵ؿһŷ죬⿴ʱҵҡڲֱˣĲ͵زһ£ʲôסƵġ


16˼
Щ죬ֻҪϾͻȥ￴ɡϱ˵ʱչɵģ˭ﶼףֻһջ϶ԲǷŲ½䱸ԴˣȻеǸˣ֪ѾԼˣ㲻¡
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޵ǧҪ˵ĻŴ½ôܲţ
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̵ҳȥʱҪߡȻŲޣ޻Ʋ˵Ϊٷߵúܻš
̧ͷ̣Ƶģת˿ȥ
̵ˣЩүĻ֪Ҹò˵
ϵ˵ɣصġ
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֮磬ֻŲޡ޴Ƭ̣֪ڿԼƵģؿ̣˵Ʋ̶үôĹģҪһ飬ӽ㵽ȥ̺ү
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߳ԺӣȴӶһ˹ȥ׷סֵޣ㲻ʶô޵ͷұǷޣοҪͬİ·֪ҵжۣ
޵㲻𣿺ߣȻƭҡ
˭ƭ㣿
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ΪʲôҪţɷ򣬱һʲô𣿡
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Ȼͷһԭ̡ʹͷ޻عͷԼ㼴˵ٷˡҲǹҪġ
޵ʲô
̵Ҫȥ˼ٷһˡ񣬲񣬻ٷˡ
˶˵Ҫˣٷ˵ģĻҵ㰡
̻æ°ݵū澲ҡ
޵ɣû˵Ҫ㣬װô˵Ļ˲ء
һʱ֪룬ֲҲģ漴ҲǲҲǣ˵ٷˣɻʲôԸ
޵̺˵ģĸҲǲѽȥĻɣóˣҪҶˡ
㷲ͷ·޺Ȼסţ̱㼴ֹٷˣʲôԸ޵Ҫȥ˭üͷһŵūȥгЩƷү͹ȥ
޵Ҫ𣿡
̲սսصٷˣǡԸġ
ҧüһ˿Ƶָģ̣ߺ޵صһ̵ֻˡ


17ʼ
˼ҹ뵽㲵ӣԼ͵͵ԼʱǱ㼴вֵ̡ڹʱ£ԼǰЩ̣ӿͷΪʱӦԼŶԡԴϴܾ֮ûгֹˡ룬ڶΪʲôҪңԶҵģȴôͷˣʧģ
֪ϵķ䣬뵽ȥģջǷŲ¼ӡϵе㲻ͬԱѾ˯˵ɣСĵؽŽҡǷһЦǳСĵ˵Űá
Цŵͷŵ뿪תңŶԲ޵ɡ
޵ллš
ϵЩ㵹Ǳڣÿ춼밲
һһǲǺܾû밲ˣɻȴ˵ǿģЦİɣںöࡣ޵ǾͺãʵǡҲȥġ
ϵҲǿ˵ɡ
޳ϵĿתϽܿ˿üͷ£ԥһ²ʵţ̲ڣ
ϲʵѾͷչ˻ϸ𣿡
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޵ǻЦЦֵȻǻһˣΪôѵѰɣ
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ģŭԼ޽֮󣬵һθŷôҵĳͻȫԼûзֺлѹԹίһеطй
ɪɪƽˡ˵ţһ㣬ҲǶãҸɷϡҲȥ󵽵ʲô⣬Ҿǲ׼˵խҲãظҲգԸ䣬Ҳ˳ĶϱȻת
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ɫϣȵ죡
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̵ǣūֻǸͼˣôҶүʲô뷨
һһ£ȷҲǣҸһЩôѵ̫С𣿲ԣֻҵİ£ҵﲻôͲܷйһ£ץסѾͷţ˳ȥȷҲһûӵ£ߣƣ
˵ˣҲ㡣
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޵ôˣѵֲƭң˵Ļƭҵˣ
̵ū澲ңūһֱĽٷ˵ĲŻԶģٷ˵ıʼʵֻζģүٷУģ¸ء
΢Ц˵ǾûƭңҲûƭҡ˵תȥˡ̲ҳĬĬظš



18Ů
̻ҵ޸ǰٷˣү˵Ҫū澲ڡš
޳ʱ˵Ƶġ̵Щʱֵٷˣүߣ޺ȻĿӣЦ㵨ӿ治СҸүߣ̵ū澲ңֻٷ˸ū澸үš޵ˣ֪
뻹ҪͣȴѾȥˡҲŸհ˴ߣ֮ôҪҪǲǣ
ޣٳġ
޵˵ʲô
ԥƬ̣˵ܲܡȥǣ
޵ûʲôΪʲôҪⲻǣ
Ҳ˭˭ϾΨһˣѵͲһ£⻰ôѵҾͲôһȻҲҵˣΪˣ˺֮䣬ʲôƽ͵˵أοҪ֣
޵㻹ԸһٵĴңңͲҵԼ˿ô޿̣
Ȼ̾˵ȥǲȥ
޵ȥ벻Ͼȥ
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СЦˣūէһ֪ˣǰڹʱÿ˯ѣֵֿģίʵû뵽Ҳ޿Ц⣬û˵ţȻСôϸܵԺרŹܽΣ
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޵֪Ҳںһȥɣ𣿡
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Ҳţ㻹ڸҶɣҲΪ˸Ҷǲǣ޵ҲǸŲƾ㡣ң⵽ΪΣ޵Ҳͣ߰ɣҪңٲߣҪˡҲߣҶ࿴㣬𣿡޵ʲôÿģֲǴӴҲˣŻûءŲ޴



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˵ǣ·׼һ㻻ϵġȹ˽һ㣬ͿԻȥˡ
޽ŽɣҲˡ



02
ֱ˳ǣ޲ģ㵽ҪȥģЦ𣬶ɻǵãǵһһǣ
һŭ˵ƣѵƭҵɽҰ룿ҺʱƭˣǴοԼҪġ㣡ҿû˵Ҫȥ㡭ǿȥû˵ҪȥɽҰ룬Լ˼롣޵㻹ʲô˵ɲҪòã޵ÿȻҾͲ˵ˡ
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03
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޵ѾйǲǿĹˣ
ѽǽôòˣһͽ۾۾˵˵أ㵽ҳΣ޵Ҳ۾ֻۣĲ㣬ʱɣٵԽɺãҪǽ㲻㣬ҵ㳵ȥһͬȥ㸮Σ
˵ţҪ³м̴ǰסΪųϣѹúܵͣǶԲ˵Щʲôֻ岪ȻŭȵȥԼص˳ϣ̴һû߿˵ʱȻ㣬治õ
޻ؼУ缲ôܴԼҰ˵ˡҼм£дĹ͡
Цң㻹мңҵļ
޵ļҵȻԽ
ЦԽҵļңԽлʹ棬㣬˵ҾǸոڻʹˣųء
޴󾪣ȥ˭
Ȼ˻ʹܸ˭װͿѽ
㣡ܵµ£
ʲôѽҸλүû˵
޵ˣ̼ҵˣҵǻظ
ߵǰһɻ˵ٷˣˣղʱԽΪʲôҪްһûпҲ֪ޣ̵̲ῴȷʵڿޡ
һͻȻһʯѹסƵģȻ̴ֹɣߴٵٷˣǿȥ˰ɡ޻عһ·
ʱϷ䣬롣˫Ŀգɫɼᡣ޷ԸҳȥµʵŲΣ
µ˵ʱ˹ȥһͻѵģɲٴ̼ˡֿʼ룬˲һۣ˵Ҿãʱٷǲ˽ģֶ
ʮգû˵Ƶģһ䣬һҲȥԼšµٷˣǴ򣬿زҵְ𡣡޵ţ롣µҾٷ˲Ӧóȥ޵ȵȥ
Σֻóȥ
޾ϴߣЩʱֻƤ̧ţˡ
ϵһۣȴܣˣ񸾣㲻ǰͲô
޺һ죬ˮ˵벻ҪˣӣǾǶϱˡ
ϵװģǺ޲ûٹ㣬Ϊ͵͵ܵ÷԰ȥΪҲ֪ҲͰˣΪʲôԼɷ򶼿ãˣ
޵𱸵ǣǶϱã˷Ըųͷ
ϵߣΪ㣬ԼʧˣҲĲŲʣô˵أȡż㽻ޣ㿴ϵĿֱ˵вң˵ҪԺҪΪ㣬սϣһֳ˻ȥ漴˿Ѫ
޴󾪣һ߸Ѫһ˵űһҲûˣҸ˵ʵСߵġ
ڳˣ˵㵽סôˣ
޵ţûôֻǽС͵ȥˡһֱεˡʱ䳯͢һǼҳ£ҲҪһꣿԣֻǣߡȻҲ֪ңɡ
ϵŭƽϢ̾ˣΪʲôҲҪţҪǰһġһ£ᡣ
޵ŭʦôѾǼУ
ϸ²޵ͷ˵ίˡ
޵ſ˵Ļˣڷȥߴ̣һڼҺúչģиʲộһҲûټˡϵǣ֮ǰһô㣬ĺܹⲻȥޣԭ𣿡޵ţҲϵģ˵Ҳȫûмʡ
ϵҲ֮飬ĸŮ˼ԼɷŮ˺ӣܲ޵أǲҪΪޣԹ޹ĺϡһ㣬ˣͻݵġ
޵ллš
ʱߵţ˫̣ٷˣ˵˸óҩˡ
޵˵ͷͽɣҩҾУٳȥҲнٸſ󡣡˹룬ϵţղ±ߵ˶ˣ㲻Ұɣ
ЦЦɵѾͷǲǻŷ㣬˵Ҳ˼ˣ
޵С̺ţӦġ
ϵҲ̫˼ɣ֡ǰҶȷʵԣŴӦ㣬ԺҲˡ
޵ллţţιҩ



04ܵ
ϳҩּ˵ɰã޻ǰһͻݣһӾ˳ˡΨԲ޵ȥΪ˽ҵҲǺ£ȴΪ˸㶷ȥġս浶ǹԣֲרģ浣ʲô⡣
޵ţҲãԵġ
ϵҲҪ㣬ˣԸ챣Ӱɡ
޼ϲ֣˵ţҪжΣңδȫΪҡ룬ҪΪлصɣ֪ġҵϣֻΪ˸Ҷ
̾һѾͷ˵Ҳǿ
޵ֹܿأôļơ
ϵˣ˵ˣԺͰɵԼ׹⣬ܣԶҲҪ֪ϾǸӣ˺ġ
޵˵ǣԶġ
Ȼ̴ҴҽˣٷˣԽſڣ˵ҪٷˣдӵҲſڣ
Դŭдҵһ£Ը޵ޣȥлߣߣȥ̲Ŵ
ҲͷֵˣԽǱϵ׷ϣҸպҿɫҰףܹţͽлǰػ˵һҪٷˣҲţ˺ٷʾ
ϵôᱻԼϵ׷
ͷ϶˰ܵµ£ŭԽ·ͬСɣ˵ҪģԼӦףҪչ˺һ⵽ʲô⣬ô׽һͷûд޹⵽ԽȺԼҲֵ֧ģڡ
ţѾ۲һӣɫѿ˵˵֮ԡ˵ޣǲҲΪãԽ
һȻҡͷ˵ţܲȥӽԵɣžﻹǲɡ˵ʱѾᡣ
Ȼȥ£ģҪ̫ࡣ
ǷһллšţмĻˡ
ϵĻԽѳɶţšʯʨԱߣŮҷ޳ǣȥ޵㣬ңҪңȾҰ
ֻʹϽż߽㣬׷ʲôˣ԰Ŀ㣬ҪɱңǾģȾң˵˫ϥһ̱ȥ޷סһҲȥֻѪɵôʧɫˣ̧ȥ̣򡣡
Ҷ»ڸϣ̱˽̧ԺΡתԽ˵ǻȥԽ˵ֵңǽòˣҪסһʱ䡣˵꣬еˣͿͣ
ǣִӸӻͿ͡
޻ȥʱֻŮһˮͣȻĶǺɫѪˮ޴󾪣ֱŵֽУͻȻæ룬ְ½Ůȥ˵Щʱæǰ£˵ˣ
µб̢ĺۼǾˣηˡ
޵ʲôˣ
µ죬̥ӦǷ̫̥кҩ¡
һ̥šԭ˵Ķģ˵ԽǸ֮ˣвŮ֮£Ǹ̥ôܻģѹҪ뽫ءֵǻ᲻º󻼣
µȥдӣ㰴ʱҩվ޴ˡ
޵Ǿͺáȴɲ˼ȥǲӦʵȥأѰ˼һᣬջǾӦȵ֮׿˵˭ĺ㡣
Щʱת̸պҩ޶룬ͷԸ㵽ţκ˽̴ţ޲תȥ壬Ѳ̼ҵˣڿˣ
һԼģŵ˻ȥްźã˵Ȼó³ʲô
ҧ´ͷ㣬㶼֪ˣ
޵Լ˵ʵ˵ĺӵ˭ģ
һӣøвʣ㼴
޵ѾˣҪء
Ȼ˵Ц˾ͺãʼǸ
ԼУǳ̥ҩԼȵĻȵģ
ͻȻ㣬ұΪ㣬ͼˣҲû˻۸ˣû뵽㡭ϵڣû˵һûϵʱ򣬻ңұǰ۸ǲͬһģҲͬһװôҲǹ׵İɣôģ
һð㾹Ȼ˵ҺģԼȴʲô£ֱ˷ܵ£
˷ܵ£ߣ˭Ҫ޸Ǹ˵ģ
޵㣡Һ𣿺ãڲˣҺİɣͿԡ˷𣿡
ô˷ˣȣ۸Ҳ˷ף
޵û£ԽΪʲôɱ㣿ΪܵҼҾͻ᲻Ƿǣֻӻ𣿡
ͻȻ˲һۣݣǺãߣ鷳ˣǰǼȵˣһֺη´ȥסʲô˵ҪΪҾͻƵģ
ҳȥҲҪҲûҲãԺ󶼲£з̬֮޴󾪣˻ȥ𶯣ˣֻҪӦ㣬ԺúΪˣЩ۵£Ҽ¡԰Цԭʲô˽⣬϶˷ˣҿ湻õء
޵ѵԼ׿ڸ˵ģǸմӻʹ𣿡
ͻȻһ飬ȪӿͷޣǴӻʹģǽ֪֪ԴӶͷ֮˶ĥ
ҿûôˣܼ޵øԼɾҵɷõүԼȥˡ̰Ϊ˱סԼֺĻʵ۶硣ÿͰͽҲͰˣǵһȥʱʼҡ
˵ʣëȻ벻¾ɷ
崭˿ֵʵҸеϣֲɱߣûϢֻԼˣҾҲĳ裬뵽ҽ㣬벻㡭ҡͶ·ˡ
Ȼɫβ˵
Ǵޣ㣬㲻ҪҺ⾩ֻǽҲˣġֻ·һˡ
Ըοģˣ㲻᲻ܵġֻҪ㻹ھһգһ۸㡣Ͱڽס£ԽǱߣȥʾţػӦȥ



05
ʱϡ߱λһ£û֤ݵʵެٶģױϡв⻹®ףȿȣҲƲС֪¸δͬģΨֳ֤ʦķݿӦʶδ
лǰûţ͵͵׻ϵļϳı飬Ŀϡ߱۵Ļͳǡб֪ϡΪһ£мλʩȣ󣬲޽壬˵£Ѿйǰĳ
徭ѿ𴲻԰ͤ˵˵֮󣬺ǼУ鵽Σ㣬Ĳȥ㣬ǲҪһȥ𣿡
޵̲Ŵ˵סҼվֻȨ֮ơ
е㼱ˣ㣡㲻ᣬҪͻȥɣҡҲȥ
ԥ˵ǿ⣬ǡŴ˵ˣֻһ취Ҳ֪ԸԸ⡣
ϲ˵ֻҪ𺣣ҪζУ
޵˵Ҫ취ԽԼ㣬Ը𣿡ͷ֮ã粻ʲôˣ챻ĥҪ˰ٰ衣ü˵ǡ㽫ô죿Ͼģңһ֮Щ±ȻҪģºѡ˸Ȣˡ
ȻĬƬ̣˵Ժ飬ֻܰຣպټޣҪ޸˭ȫƾˣֻҪټ޸Щ֮ˣҾ;֪㣬Ҫлչˡ
Ѱ˼£̾ȻԼģǾ˰ɡѾȥţ鶼˼ˡպټ޵£ģȻĽ㣬ɱϾϣλףг֣ô֣ҲֲǣΨһģ㰲סҼֻҪҼҲʲôʣҾͲίÿճԴöȣȻ˵㵱ʱһ֮㴦ʱ˷ֺġ
ˣллˡ
޵ĻǷ˵úãǶһˣα춼ֵġǰʱ಻죬˵Ҫ۳˭˭ҲͦѵġǶգǽˣǷ븸ĸȸҪ໥ӦŻá
ѵǣԺҲʲôˣҲӦԩ˽㣬ƫ˵ǽ㺦ҡʵҪ֣ùҵáǰҲţ񣬾֮ⷭ벻ܹˡ
һЦڲ֮У˵ɵѾͷŻʮꣿѧ˼˵Щʮ̫ų˵Ļˡ
һŬ˵㲻ҪֻЦãûȻʲô˵ɿƽ»Ҫ˾ʮ̫أ
޶ʱȻĬƬ̣˵ãҲǲ֪ѡΪףʵҲĲ⣬¶ѽֻϰ֮󣬾ѧῴˡ
ɵǲǡŶԽ㲻ã
ҡҡͷˣãǲҪ˵ˣ˵ˣҲﲻңڻǴԼҪҺͷ׿ڴӦҪչ˺ġ
õģ㡣˶٣ԥֵ㣬ôôãû򣿡
ֻɫһ㣬û˼ֻǾ֣˳ʶѣϲǾͲ˵ˣǧϣһʶ֪޶ʮ⣬ݲбŮ˹Ϊһŭո֮׵׽͹ػҪһ
Ȼ޲ŭֻб˶ѣ˵ж־ķֵ֮ոȥˡƽʵܲܡ
˿ָӽղŵ򶨣˵ȷʵǸɷģǿϧΪʲôأܸ˵˵Ҳͦõġ
޵㲻ҲϣЩ죿֮ǰҲһ£ȥˡУã㲻㣬ֻѡȻǸɷ򣬺ˣʼֻĽ򣬳֮⣬ʲôˣҪúüס
˵ƽͣȴвһ˼Ϊһ־档岻ɵΪ֮һݣͷ˵ѵǣһסġǾøĽùϵǰĲͬˣʹ˵£ҲԼŭɼİԼ׹ãﲻɾðο
׽ãⲻùĬһֵ㣬ǲǡҲж㲻õʱ򣿡޵ãܹңҸеܸˣ⻰벻Ҫ˵ǶˣᶼҪᡣΪҸ֮䣬ʵҲûʲôƽﳣ죬ֵСѰ顣
ԭҶˡʵǣ֮һܲ£ҺпΪЩ֮£һγߵġ
ЦΪôˣɱЩҲȥױءңЦǹǰҫγȥ̣˵ûȸȴͦȤΪ˲ģȥ֮ǰһ죬ҵСʱĵطд⣬ʫǺò
˵ҫأ㾡ǰ˵ķ£ߡ˵һЦʱȴģʵһֱ˼ĽԼĽֻ֪ҪԼĽ㻹ڣͲнģǲһСΪֻ룬κ֪ƫƫԼĽһ۾ͿԼ˼ʱšڴǰȻŭȻúͺã˵ǿˡһʯĳһβòˡ
˱ֻ˵Цѧα˵Լǲֵ˼ʱԼЦҲװģװúࡣ޵ЦҲĿģһ¡ҵ̴̴֪ǰЩﻸ಻Ѱ顣



06Χ
ֹЩӣޱóüչΪһβһֱ𡣲ҹϴߣ̷ҩΪϸТ˳֮ʱˡðοǸöϱֺֻһ棬Բ˵ޣϹͷʱ޶ˡ
һѹ֣ţɱ˵Ļôᣬֻʮأôʱ޶أ
Ц㾡Ļ˵ң˵ֻʮˣ㡣ԼԼףⲡѾʮˣǰΪһ޿ˣǿŵյġҲˣȢôõϱΨһĲµģֻˡ
޵չˣͷİɡʵ˼Ļ֪ľͻˣġ
ǰã뱱ֲ£粽ܽŻȻߵĽսΣ۶̫ز̺ʿڱ֧Ԯ£̺һפڽݳǶϣΪӦϣݽ⽭ݳ֮Σ
Ĵݾù£ټ򹥳һʱӼòϣ˻ľͱġǳʱڣհׯڣʾӡһʱؼ糱ˮӿݣּӾ˽ݵĻҡ
Ѯڲ̺֧£ס˾ơ̺۶ݣȶģݲ׽ݴʷźʿϣפΪԮˣᣬո֮⡣
Դڲ̺ź͹䡣źô˼Ѿתǿ֮ƣĴʱ˵ҶźԸΪоȷ档
´ϲ³һˣʲ̺㣬̫ΪΣ
̺ɫǣصţ˵¹Ϊʱݲ㣬ʿƣƵСӦҾһȵ֮ʣݳ֮ʱ׵
źУҾڵݣ֧һµġоϲǴʱٽʦһֲ±ȫվ塣
̺ʷڳ䲻⣬ǵо֪ͼΣ
źʹ֪ҲΪ񣬵ƣ֮ʦ಻һ±ȫʤҪȵ󣬵ҲѾָʱǵǿˡ
̺Ϊ֮δսʤðһڼʲôʧΣӣ
ִ£ֻԺȰڹ䣬ΪΣ
šλԣ֮һʱоȷʵѾƣҾˣŴ˵ʿȻ񣬵ụ̂ɸ߹̴˵ݲ䣬ܾսŴҲǣȵƱȻҪתҾΪ
֮õΣ
ΪӦ࣬볯͢ӷְԿٵϲˣٳʹʤ
ǣｫ콭ݶ桢ݾ¡ϡ¼Ը糯ʱʱȺһ˵ʵʵŷ򲡸١ֻּ֮˸۳취Ϊｫضսʱ콭ݶƹ桢¡
Ѯǳｫ潭ݶԶźⲿΪоȷ棬̺Ϊ¼ƣΪʦ¥ʮϲѴʳԱ͵ݣ׼ӽзʱִಢݳɻ̫죬Ѷɹƺӽפԥݡùݲ£ػءʹԮֱݡ
ˣٴθ漱͢𶯣ʦ佨򱱸Ԯ
ݣͱΪɽոһսʱʹ¾ֱ֮سߵ֮ʦյԮ֮󣬼򾫱Ͻ
ϳǣȹռǡǧ£ֻչ¥һ˽׳ʣµģϳ֮ӣ˵ߴʦ˻أȤϿ
¥ϵľǱ̫ӣ𣬳ĬЩʱֵ֮Ϊ˲Ƿǣϡ߱λ½֪ΪӷǵеΪǾ𣬷ΪŰ񲻻㸸ǰ
ԲǣͻȻϱ̳ۡ༴б׷ƺƵڣԭġãʱǣϷؾӦϡϷʡʯͤһߣγɾʦߡ
׷ǳ£ŽճţɶԷƶս˹˰£ԮٳٲѾĶҡڴʱԶźⲿΪȷ棬ʣ󴬳У˵Ŀڣб뽭ĵľϱֵʹȥ̫Ԯ
̫ıʿ飬˵ݿֲ˶ˣҾڴ˱ǣƣȥȣȻ׷ʱҾǰлʤ㡣ȻȵĹٻؾ뻸ҾγɺΧҵཫٲ֪оȼ֮ƣ
׽յ֮ƣȽԮǼپ֮ͻȻȥǵİΧȫթ䲻թĵ˽֧ԮԭسǣԼ׷
ǱɽͻȻܺɱɫɽʾӭսʱͻȻɽͷһ˽ҫĿϵþڳ¥Լˡкʿ£ɼ⵶֮ƣֱµоֻɽͷϣһʱʧ漴ʿӺɽ
ҲսûͻΧȤʯ̫֮󣬼ֱǣΧ֮ؾ࣬һǧˣ̫سлǧб֮֡ӣܲվӵ˽⣬״ܡ
ϡ֪ʧɫΪѵ£˾УξԼ󾭲ڼʯ뱱֣оûŷġҪ׼ʱǨ


07Ѱ
ǰǻƽʱ򣬲޾ս֪ģڻ˵ӳ͢ЩϢʲô¡֪ڱܵãʤ̣Ȼˡ֮⻹֪Ҳսϣγｫ潭ݶ֮¼ơ
̺֪֮󣬱˽۶ս½屾ҲһдŻؼұʾԼڽסЩӣˡϳѾһˣչ֮࣬Ҫæз񣬺òæϡ
ϳʱǻϲÿ̷ң˸ŮƵġż˵Ц֮˵żȻϲãɴͽŮɡЦտ˵ãáֻǲ֪ǷԸ⣿
¶µˣ⣬ԼݶԼҲҪзǷ֮롣סˣûʻƵģֻЦ޵ãŴӦŮ㻹񣿡عҲãɳסڻˣӴ˳˽ĸãҪӴ˵˵Ҳöֶ࣬ΪһЦ¹򣬡Ůݼﰲá
޵ǵ˼ϵҲµֻװ֪Ҳ⣬ϲ壬ЦЦðɰŮиĶϱɰŮ֪ˡѾǵǻȥϲ裿
ǣ徴˲裬ʽй񣬾ͳϵĸŮĸãϻǲ޵Сáվǹã˻ϰԽơ
˾۵ϷģչЦʱȻ̽˵ˣүˣ
˶һϲ޵ǵվأ
̵ٷˣֻ̲˵үפصˣسǵʿֽӵ˾ǣкüǧأһ¡үҲˡתϲΪ˵ǱܣһЩ˹ȥɻشϡ޻Ȼãҳȥչ˺š
бܿܣЩӻصʿһ˺ۣоǵĻڳſס׼ǽǡЩ˾ڳţеĶеĲе˿ڷζ޵ŵʱȫǶѾϣسǾʿס˵ʲôҲóȥǴŭ˻ϼƲŵùȥ
ЩѾûбƣȺлȻѰңͽ͡˴˾ͻŻŵʣҵķأ֪֪ҵķģϲʶҷûΪǶֺ֪⡣
ʵͬ飬Ȳѣ޶ڼһȥһûؼҡսˣļˣӴԼ޷ֺϵʱҲûΪԼһһģȢ˸ޣ֪Լ˻ɥңǲ֪ǱŮһܵʣΪȫµ˶֪ɷҲ֮Ƕãˡ
ȻɫŻٸɷӱϾǸӣ˶ԼѾùˣٱһӲϣǶ׷ױܿһߡ̽ظŲޣҲܿɫǴûĲҰסڻʹ΢΢ƵģûͶʿŭ⣬Ǵ
ҺлţŲΧ
̲ɵó˰亹ʵ̲סҲԼˣǰʹסٷˣǲ֪
һ̧ͷɫֲһſҪң̵סµٷʣôʵóһֻץ˸˱˵ٷˣҪ˵ү֡ŻعʶԼ޴˱Ƕ𣿡
˱ĻһģñضǾǴҵĸˣ˿ͻΪص˵Ƿ̫ˣǶӦýӲŶԡ
޵ǿ֪ӣҷûг£
˱ָɽ𣿡
޵ˣ֪𣿡
˱޲֪ҾͲ֪ˣҲΪʧ֮ǰǧȥ׷ˣΧڼʯǸȥԮʱ˵͹ˡ֮ƣӣҲ֪ǰߵκˡ
һֽŶˣľȻվƬ̵̣̣ͣȻʧ꣬˼ͻȻӻƥ۶ȥ̴󾪣ҵȥٷˣԼҲȥ׷
·Ͽν꣬ɼĿף۽ϸꡣе·˱Ѫһ΢Ϣάſѵһв޶Ϊе£ΪǣֻҪɷû£ʲôˡһж»аգԼҵ˵ģΨԼɷֻԼһˣһҪϧӴ뿪Լ
һֱкŵƳɣţƮȥԶַ֮ǰΪڵʱûг֪Լ߾û
֪˶ã·ϵµѾߣˡɼֻʣһˣŶԶҲվǸʵ˵ʱܿ䵽ϡһֱͣܣҲ¡һ˶ǱɱģҪǻˣһֱȥļʱܴǸˣ޷ˡ˽ߣֻͷܲñǵ
ٽӳأһ·϶ûӰ֪ϲǡɿܱߵѪѾˣϵ˼ˣһõĿסʱ̴˼Ҵҵظһʱס޵֣˵ٷˣҪˣҪˡ
޲ŵͷ˿ֻߵȷѾմŰĭֵٷˣɫˣֽ±꣬ǻҸطЪϢһؼҰɣ˷Ҫɡһ˵ˣǡڵˣ
̵ٷˣ·ϵ˵Щʱ͵ߺˡ
ôԶˣصô
̵ٷˣū澸ūҲûүһ·϶ϣүԣôЩбܽᲢۣƾɾһǧİˣҲս󹶻İ
һʲôսҪߡ
̴󼱣ǰʹֽϼæղŽƷˣȰص뽭ɵĵطҿѡٷˣūǸˣū˵ˣүӢ£ô׾սɳ


08
Ȱο޲ŴӦӲ˼ҿ͵ס£ųݻؾʱֻǧ־ִкȣԭץ޴ɣóͣռ޵˶ǰüͷֻһ־ξΧ˲޵ĳܣ㼴³ݡе˰ȥˣڴˡ
һ˵˭
ξ˵ľ㣡
̺ȵ󵨣ʶǻĳô
ξҪץģǻˣ
޲֪ʲô£뵽ϣ᲻Ҳˣʱŭ˵˵Ҽҷ˺ηҲң
ξյǰر˵Ѿͨͼѣ๫͵Ĵ£ԱضӸϵֿǵǻйڳ͢δ֮ǰȲѺҪǲɢұ־ػκ˵Ȳó룡Ϊٷˣʥּúڸţܵѵô
⡭ֱҼҷУ񶼻δЩͽµʵ޴繦֮ƾʲô˵ҷͨзѣһ֣ӲͻΧؼտҪ
ԭƼתʹܱɱ򾫱ʹ֮ԪˡҲ򱱳̫ӳٳٲܳԮˣѾɾˡʧܣ㲻ֶηһʹ֮ƣȽϡֳ֮͡˷ݼ飬ģ͵ıʼʹ䵽ϳʵСϡ֮󼱣ΪģΪȫȨ¡
ȴҲǰ׳գ֪бضթȻվһ󻼣Ƿ⽮ֳر˭̣ʱܳҲ̫⣬Ǳ뷨°սȫ
ϡּȥ˵дı֮ӣֿǵĲ¿ййʿڲҲзҲĲ£˻ٵĽڡʱǧڼʯսܼѾ롣ϷʺʯͤԮչҲûܻ˱ΣʱģԷֳһڣȷٶź֮ӶʯԮ
޼ҴҵػصǰʱͻȻ·߳ٽߵĻȫˡǴ󾪣Цӭٷˣգ
ΪΣ
ǰٷ˻ظҲǷ°
޵һ£㵽װҼôˣ
ٷģֻҪ˱⡣
֪ȥֿҲûˣ˵ҪǲɢǿԵģֻһְֻ˲ҪΪǣ̵ߣ
Ȼ粽ţоĴǸǽ԰ֻѾûշˡȻԭҪץѾʧѾǼ޻˾Ƶģһȫ۵ǰ󺰣ٷȾǣ
޴ŭʿȵס֣һתҲ˽˵ˣǻ𣿡
ҲΪ룬˵ǻ֪Ҫʲôʱأڼ䲻׼˽׼˳ȥҲЩˣǸϵĴάֶã
һǡҪҸ
ٷ˲ţ뿴ʥּ
޽һ˵ˣûҪץҸһɣ
ȷʵûС
޵ǿǵ˶ҹȥҸϵˣԼᴦãת̵̣ϸĵչţģؽ𡭡ǲɢ
һӦǣٷˡ
ЩūƽڻŴԲԸ뿪˵ЩȰߣѾʼʣıû뵽󸻴֮ңһҹ֮侹䵽ⲽءǰЩ¶ȥ죬Լ漱Ҵҵرϵķȥˡ
ԶԶգ´󾪣ѵŲ棬Ǵ߽ţţңް쿪šֻһ˽߽ǰһŷ죬ǽ𣿡һԭԼã˿˵ãǽѽҽȥ
ŻŵؿţŲ޽ݣ֡žһŹˡ˵㣬˯ˣҪ̫߽˴һᣬԶЩ˵ΪʲôҪţнҪץѾҪǸе˶ߣصĲûչˣԾͣ͵͵ذСͰڷˡ
ܺãɲغ£ھȥŴ˰ɣѾѽϳȥˡϲ̫ˣǽб£ǡ̫ûˣȾѷɫ޵ˣˣʱˣ취ôɹѹذɡ룬˵⸮ϵѾȷǲˡ
˵ˣڽСͰ㾪ŵ˳˵ع򵽲޸ǰٷˣˣҪߣǶСڸɻģһ˻Ӵ˾Ҳûκˡ
̾ǼǻֻʲôҲѾѱ˰
СˣСԸ׷ٷˣ㵱Ҳ˵ͷǺðɣȻģ߶ʹҲǺ£ǾɣҲǵĽùԺ⼸ˣһҪú̺ˡСٷİɣǻġ
̾û뵽һҹ֮䣬ǰˣãŽԹҩûУ
㣬ղŽץˣǶҳȥ
޵ûˣҪ¡С㣬ǿȥ˼ҩɡֶԲãҲˣҳӣǲٱˣǻΪ˵ʱȥ˵˵飬ʰЩصȥɡ
㣡Ҫ𣿲ҲߵģҪǡ
޵زˣ㲻Ҫ£ܸоõǼҪˣûҪһܿ࣬ĻȥʰЩȥߡ
ӦҲ㣬㻹ˣڼãǸŮϻСأ㲻ܸߡ
޵㣡ôôѽⶼΪã
ǽǻ㣬᲻һ֮
޵ˡ
ֵҸҿ϶ҲǲߵģͬҲҪҲѵˣ
޵Ѿͷô˵ѽ
ֻ㣬Ҫߣ
޵ڼߣԺǧҪٺڣ
Ҳڣ


09
ţͻȻﴫ΢ڳʲôأ޺ͲͬʱȥָŲ˵ߡ
̾ҲΪãӦĻǰ弱ôҲҪ𣿡ϵҪ㣬ǲ㣡Ҳۣ֮ǸҲߣҾˡ
ްҼȻҪߣֵõ㲻Ը⣿ھ͸Ͽ㷿ȥʰװϰȥȻԵúϣҲʱһҪֵ׵ļƣ˵ѲҪһȥôĵĽģһ£˵ҲǺģΪ㰲ȫ룬ʲôô
塰ߡһתȥޣסϵ֣˵㶼˰ɣѸ¡ɵôҵˣ˵ѽѾĸŮˣ˵СãɩɩȴҪСóŵأⲻǲѸﵱ𣿡
޳Ծð㻹Һ֮䣬Ǿ͸ˣ
Ҫߣ
̾ҲգޣԼɡϾģʵô֣ҲڸҶǸϾɱֻһʵǱˣպضദܲܵˣ
ϲܲˣ͸ﲻ£ŮҲܳס
ЦǾͺãó㶼ǼǿŮӡ˵ͷֵްԺͼ׽㣬ɩɩҪչǡ޵ͷӦƳ˲һۣ˵Ѿͷһ㶼֪֮ǼŸңΪʲôԸȥҶ֪ôشˡ
תͷƬ̲ŵĻȥǣʱ̼ҵҸˣҪǻҪȥ㲻֣Ҳػ˵ĵģǴСĵƳ˲һۣŽŵһֱͲҲãֲǲ֪ģһȥҪֻܰ
޵е£ǿӲһˣ˵ˣڲҲˣ㻹ǻȥɣ˳Ҳҿ
Ҳû֣Ҳû˵ҵлһǲȥģ˵ղŸﶼѾӦңˣ㻹˵ô໰ʲôѵĻҲ𣿡޵ҡ䣬ֻȰ㣬û˵Ĳ
ֶϵţĺ˵ѾͷĲǰģ
ЦӴǽ£ҿ˵Ҳ˵׼ǴӦˣϾǱ㶮µö࣬ԺҪĻˡͷ˵õģֻҪߣұĻǣҲϰˣܵҪ߳һͷġ
޵˲һۣٶ˵ʱѾղ޷Ըר̺ϵġȥҩСͰʱҲûˣޱԶǰ˵ţóҩˡ
ţҲǰæס
ֻɫլԺһ㣬һҹ֮˥ˡһһ׵ιҩСĵһߣĿⴥѪɫıֶ˼֡תͷȥ۽Ǵ˴⣬ǿס˻ȥɨһ鸮ʣĸŮ̴ӣ˵СԺ͵Сȥ̰ɣˣͶڷߡ̣Ҫһ㣬ߣҪʱ˵״׼а㵡
̵ǵģٷˣ̽סѾǷһݣԸɸԵĻȥˡ˯£ޱŲȻȥ
һֱ߳԰ӣ޲˵ãϣ㲻Ҫֻ˵ôᶨҲǲڲźáɲǽҪŻ㣬ӽͶԻҿ˳۵˲֪ж٣ʵ۸ϣǲһ֮ǰҺͷ֮Ҫȥɵ£Ҳгһھǻס鷳еΪԮڹȻԤϵĻˣӼѣû뵽ǳ־֮죬ھæҲѾˡ
㣬ԺǽɩɩȽϺЩһϲҶԽʲôǷ֮룬أҲ֤ѰԼǻҵˣȻҲӦøҹѲŶԣôһѾͲ˸ɩɩһ֮أ
޵һıһŮӼܰʲô岻صɩɩҪСңô˵ܹĿѺͿ飬Ҳٶ٣޿һ˿Ц˵û뵽ɩɩͦô£ҲżֻǸҸ棬õʱĳʲô£ŹǽɩɩûѹͶˡ
ǾͶлˣҲҪ죬ſǲڵġ
ȥڶ֮ĻԵ壬ߵﶼҶصԼ֮󣬲޲ٶƽϲˣȻԼƫҪģҲ׿ڴӦǾˣ֮ʱ߶ͬҲһ㰲ο
˼֮С˲ˣ洦ɼĶйصԺϴյ٣ʱڵͰ֮ϣƺֿɼʵѾʮңԶˡ˫ʱǳŵ㴽üͭճԼݣֻתͷȥٿȴֿǰһΪԼͼмҵһ˲䣬Լһ۾Ҳˣ
ţʧ˻Ƶģʱ֣̫źܳӰֱͽˣѹֻǼ򵥵һԷԸģĽ᳤ΧǲòнԼʵ˺СǱߣ͹ȥ𣿡̵ѾˣСС̣ٷҲɷġ
޵˿ɺЩˣҡҡͷ˵ֻܽЩ嵭ϡ࣬Ҳʵȥˡüɣҹȥˣһٳԡ̵ǣٷˡȴδжֻعͷ㻹Ÿʲôҹȥ
̵ǡٷ˽ҲδȳԵٹȥɡ
ͻȻһͷؽĸо˵ˣȥǰԼʢһʵɿǸϵʳάֶã̵ڲʮˣӦÿִ֧ࡣޡŶһĿ࣬ʵСǱߣʲô˵
̵СҲûʲô˵ū룬Ҳٷ˵ġ˶٣ֵū澵ΪʳвóģǵǽǳȥҲ˽ūһ˵Ĳһô򣿡
Ҳ˵ŵģҲһʱûа취ֻüһһȲ̸˵ҪС̺ˣҪĲЩּ˼ͣˣĲɣ֪ʲôʳζˡ˵߰ɣȻ֮ʰ


10Σ
ϻδҪ񻯵ס޵Ƭ̣ҲˣǢЩʱޱ㰲ĵػԼ˯ߡշתع˴ܻǷŲʵϵͻҲǸ˲һŶ裬ΪȻͨͼѣȻ˵лϣ亱˴˵ĵز
ʵϾڵѾ洮ͨˡΪԮһƱ㼱תֱ£ϵƺܿϳһߵȥҲʱȫתΪӦٵڰ֮ھͷб̫ӿԵĶɿڣʹ֮Ļɢһ
ˣо塣ͻȻӵ͵ľһţҪϣ͢ǰзͣʲôһҪʲôдģѲµһ䣬еݣÿҲסżٽĸ׺͵͵˳ʱв֪ԼѾ־ˡ
޻УͻȻţǼ١̾ŵسٷˣˣֿʼѪεȥˣ޴󾪣̸˹ȥֻļѾŵˣ׷׸ÿ
ֻѪɫ۾ڴϣϢٵӡ˵סֽţţôˣǿûһӦ漴һæⱼȥʱײոոĲ壬վ֮˵ãȥţȥ
ɻûôţֻǰԺһٴʮʿǰ衣޻Ȼ̧ͷŭʲôصκ˶׼Ű벽޵үҲȥҼŲˣȥ𣿡ٵҲУµΪϸ׼κ˳뻸ʲô򶼲У
޼ŶҪˣѵҲôٵУתȵ˰ѴŸҹϣ룬ҷսɳΪĻǱסҵİڽɽô飬ҪҼأͻȻеţүȥϣ˵ҼҷĺΣͿҼҹԳ͢йķϣɣ
ٵ֪ôĸţǺòֻ֪һСͷӣ˵ϾͼϣҪΪ飬˵ϳû£У๫ǴͨеɷʮԴҲʹ
޵ǿɷҼˣүȥͨһ
ٵһ֮֮ϣҲ׼õģ㻹İɡҵǿԽ֮ơ֪㸸ǰεة࣬Ǹո󹦵Ĵ󳼣β⻸ңȥͶĸȥ˵ֻּҪûиϵˣһɲ׼ΪѵģұԽ˷ȥ
޲ɵôŭȥˣͻȻ˵عȥͷүˣȾҵţү
ʹǽټʹҲò֮ģæеٷ˻ǿɣѽңҲûõİ΢ᣬܰʲô飿ȴҲȰ޲ֻ÷Ը˵죡죡ֻǲ𣬻ͷǽ۵Ƥ⣬ľڣͷѪˡ
ȴڰ󣬡үܰæҸϽ鱦еǣүҪٶ͸٣ʹҵҲϧġ
ǽҲһȴˣ̾ϢɽɽǰҲбȡõҡͷ˵˵ˣ쵽磬ѾĴˣ˵ҪſģҵʱǾȥ˴ˣǱΣ˵ǻϵѾˣκ˽ȴƫ˵һҪȥֻðűΣȥ˹Ȼִһ٣˵˵ƫҪȥˣһǼϸӦץģҾ˽ץˡ
һȻ̧ͷų⣬ѲǵˣģҪǲͷˣȻվ
ʱͻȻޣٷ˳ȥôãҲǲǳʲôˣǾͼ˳ȥü޻ڵϣ޷ɢңմЩɵһᣬæǰҪͻȻһٷˣͷѪ
ֻͷѪ죬֮æȡȥòʹԼ·˺һӣʱ˿ڰϡվȴˣ۾ضǽ١ٲɵһݣ˵ٷˣͱΪСˣҶѵˣȥѵĲҪԴˣ
޵үúÿǣҼҷֻͨɣʥּҲ˵ģĵſһʱ͢ҷףֳ˸ʲô⣬һʣүϸ
ĿƱˣǳв˼
ǽ˲ɵһ룬ǵù͸ˣҲգǸҲǸǰһᣬ˵ˣˣԱǣٷҪôȥ޵ȥ˵ĻϹңҲкڵһ죡˵ءߡһֱ˼ֻعֻǽٻǴֲ˵үҵԭ˵ǧҪ©˰֡
߻غԺʱžͷҵʹȴҲ˵ˣҧšԶԶС˸Ϸ߽һǺѪˮһ㼲˽ȥֻڴϣǰ߰ߵѪϵޡ߽ʵãΣ
һˮػعͷ˵ո˺öѪ۾ˣһӦҡ˵˿ʵ㣬Ǵأô򻹲ѽ޻ȴһͬʱӿϵס㲻˵ˣƴỨϵԱߡ
֪˯ˣѾ۾ĵز㲵˺ƣһһеطֲȥǱɹظɺԵĺӴһ㡣ƺܿоס֣촽˶񺮷紵Ƭڲ֦ϵҶӡ޸оҲս໰ִֻͨݽȥġ
忴˲޵ΪǱˣͻȻվһߵͷһ˵ȥæסҪ˭ȥ˭Ҫ޲ɵô󾪣׼ȥȥʲôã˵ͶءͻȻǿ˵ҾȥͶˣһ
޵ˣҲȲŵ
ôȲˣΪҶ㵽뾡취òңԲŹⰲЩݺģȥԸգҪһףҲβ
޲ɵЦͱ̫ˣô򵥵£Ϊһ֮дѵŮˣĺõ㣬ҪݺһرоĴ󽫣ǾͲһ򵥵ˣŪûǻģΪðôΣҪúףõͷԼ˻Ǹԩ
һ㼴ߺ죬˵ûʲô۸ı֮ˡ֮жд̣ϰҪĿġ˵ôأ˭ȸ
ֻĬȻûбİ취ˡֽϸ˵ٷˣˣǰԺš̾Բչ˺ţа취һ뵽ġ
糯ָյ̽ǰѴܵпܣ·ʦǡһʤڱ߳פأδʾ֮͢ǰԽŶԣ˵ս⼸·ɾɳȥԭפظݸģؾһ˵鲻ˣɵðһͷ亹һ滹˸ϽѾͽһ˱ǰ򱱸̽ǱߵĶ
żʱͻȻ˱˵ٷҪһֺˡ뵽ԱлҲˣԸ򻸸ȥ
ֻ޲شӺóֻ΢ǷһΪ˵ˣҼͥ㣬޲ͣ˲Ҫ֡סüͷģæӦһ˵ٷ˲ؿϷеģҵԼǿˣ
һЦ˵˵νˣҪ˹ΪأҽΣ֪׽ǰ˸̧֣򣬲ΪҽΡ
ɲϷȥһ£ٸٷ˴𸴣
޵ˣŸղŻ¹ѪѾ˹ȥҪ롣˶ֵҲǸˣҲǰˡ
ٷ˰Ϸ˵úͿˣʲôϵ
޵Ҫʱ䣬µ˲᲻Ҽҷ⣬˫ȫ뷴һĻҪ빥ؿľǸͲʲôѵ飬Ϊ˳ȴѶ죬ֺαذװ׶ǰ̣˵ҸŶҷͨѹģһ֮ΪǻңҲֻǻΥˣһպһԸ߷ģ֮ǰκ֪
ֻĬЩʱ⻹һĺ·˵Ǻðɡһ֣˵Ϸ֪Ӧôģȸˡȥ󲻾ãһǰǣϽ½ݸϿһʱ״ɵģüͷǰȺ󿴹٣չ׼ʩ롣
ͻȻתͷŲ޺Ͳˡէһ鼫Ϊ࣬ɵһʵŵôˣҡҡͷ˵ãȵȥŰɣҪҸ롣
޳ݣһֻŵؽ˵ˣٷˣи̫ʥּ˵үˣҪǻˣ

11ɥĸ
ȻΪ󽫾¸ڵʮѾƺƵؿὭʮﴦطˡϡ״олӹ޵кΪľǽҷ߱λʵ
ԭڴ֮ǰϡΪ̫ʱ֮ϵڴ͵͵۶ϡıɱ۾Ļ͵ӪУǺ⻼֮ܵؽʵ֪ɱ뾩ǣϡй֮ڣ˵ָĵȻˣܿˡ
ǵ˾УξһְʱھŻˣɲϡλԺǸѸ˽ʮˣְľһ¹ٵļǸѧ֮ˣƾԼڻʵߵóţоһԴӵ˾Уξһְ֮ת˾һһδġε£δӪһΡ
ʱΪȷ٣ֱΪ֪սҸָӵĶһЩ췹֮֮ݿһ㡣㽫һͻ¡ȴֻǳͷϲޱڰأŴ󿪣аջűһǣ㶼ݱջ
˳ȥ̽õ֪ϡѽٹȥˣЩԱļҾ춼ڳСȻؼҿһ£Ϊѽֱ֮ǰ֪ϡ־ԼҸ˵ģǾȰ˹񡣶һ˼ȥϱ飬һڳиҪò׼ȥ׷ϡ򽭶
ȴʱٱ룬˵ӪһλТµŮҪ´ɣֺľʵߵʲôˣ˵⣿ٵְֻ˵ҪнҪ档æϳȥϵǣľǲ塣³ǲ޵ģһ̶ȵķЩ
һᱼӿǰס磡ҿҵˡ
һ㼴׺ͿˣֻŲ㽫ѽԼΪŮԼ֮ǰԼӾ﷢¹ʴŶһһԭˣʵأΪλδˣѵǻôУڵĲѾõûа
ԣȴͻȻʣµͷ˵仰磬Ѿȥˡ
⻰׺䶥һ㣬֮󣬲Իָ˼ɫ԰ףȽŷͻȻ˫ȭգҧʵΪûдҽΣ
־ѸΧˣ׼κ˳룬Ҫ￴Ҳɵץǽ㼸˵ͨ񣬷ＱġʱȴѾˣѪ࣬û취ȵã˳Ҳ˵ûȡ
ͻȻ粽ӪԸ˸񡣲Ӫţּȴ˿׺սִۣ޼ͻȻֻعͷԼ˵ǿȥɥ°ɡʱǿնģ˵Ļȴ򶨡
ϸոնʹһϽ˵ļѾͷãδüȥһݣʹ־ˡ˵ʱΣɵһһҾ˵ٷ˽ڰɡ
򶨵صлˣ˴ô˴ҼкιɣѵѾҼҷҪ׼ˣҡҡͷ˵ǳ͢Ҫ๫ԼѾ췴ˣָʹѾɱصǣϾͻṥʹĿһ漴һ̣չһЦݣϵ°ݵţˣҪɱʹΪˣ
ݣͷء
ٷˣ꣬Ϸһ˰ɡ
ף˵ˣץȥͷ
ңңϷֻǷ֮ٷƼݽ
Цһ˵ҪʲôƼݣ˰ˣΪҲͿø˽ֵܵסҼҷĴ𣿡
һǴûʱʱ˼ûиϡıҪ𰸲˵ȻǷ񶨵ġȻϡȥδϱ˱ضֵֹԼʲô£֮ǰεذϡΪµˣﻹתͶĻ᣿òһ˵ĳطͻȻˣϽң޹˵ٷ˸Ϸָ·
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ҡҡͷͶ֮·
޵ˣһǶԹģŵ£һ߷ǻһɵģ޹أֻҪھʹ뿪Ҽҡ
ֻǲȥƬ̲ŵٷˣϷ򡭡ʵΪѰ
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ΪΪҵķ˺СڶϿ˹ܴٷ˻ȥ¡ҾҲٷ˻ȥҲضģʱܻϷô˵ˣٷ˼ǸϷһ˰ɣϷ򵱾ȫ֤ٷ˵İȫ
룬ҲǽοǾ֮𣿵˵òٿܲӣŵɥҲ°첻ˣ˽պѰ˼֮˵ǺðɣҿԸȥҼҡŸոȥɥ²ġ˵ӳӳ⣬ֻӦңȥ󣬲׼ٶһһľ򣬺Լ
ȻҲֻ˵Ҫٷȥһˣٷ˾ܷľǡ
彻ΰɥˣ͸˵ˣתȻš
һ·ϲ˵˼ĴԼ޽£Ȼţ˿ȴ絶صУֻ䱧ɣǰţԺӰϡ٣ټĸլֻѾææȥò
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̺һѰŮӿɱȣӦԵġ
ϾһŮץȥȴǸʵۣǸĺˣ޲ϰɱ
̺Ҳģȴʲô취Ѿץȥˣֻþ취ȳ̾˵أԺô죿׼ΪŮʲô˼
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һҲǾúе֪Ƿд⣬ǸײµǺϣ㼴˵ˣʱֱϰµģûͷ
ʱְƻΪ̫ϡĸ̫Ϊˡԭϡְĳи󳼣һͬͻ̫ݣһͬؾǵģΪֻǴ󽫾ȨͣǶֻǹٸԭְΪ󽫾ְ֮


12
ɥ£ԺˣΪսʱһжֻܴӼ򡣽븸׺֮󣬼Т£սۡ
ϡֻ͢ڹٴߣǵļҾ죬һȵĴ󣬼ϵйԱӽӻص˾ǣͶ
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ޱйĺԺֹ˺Щ죬δܵϡ۸ûмһ棬ضǱӦˣʳ˰ɣɵЦԼ䱻ţȴʮר̺򣬻ܵԼ˵Ļá⼸ʱʺ֪ߴȥɷž۵ӲԶˣʮָˡ
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ȡһɫУд˼ּ֣ϿԿд֮Ļҵġݸޣ˵ٷˣǻϸոдõźҪȥ뷳ٷױʡ
չһȻԭȥҪҼҷߣ붼ˣˣΪʲôҲ޴
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һţթ޵漣Ժ󣬲ɵϲŵа˾ŷˡ˻ؾȡ½ʱضϡôϢ֮żӻ̲Աϡĸֲˡ
ִ֮ҹ˾֮ʱѰźõļƻ£Ӧϡȴ߳ţȻһ磬ȵҡǲ壬ؽԼ磬ȻѾǵһˣǾùֵֹӦЩʱӦŶôܽľӪ
һָ˵ҽġ
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رŵѱǸ޼֮ˣְСʾǼûܵʲô̶ֿܿ˶źšȻ죬пʮͶʵδ𣿡
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޵֪ѾӦ˿뵽ϾƽɷžۣҲܶˡȴֱҹͻȻԺŽգƽʱ̺ĹҲһӰ´ɣԺﵽҹ䡣зǽиƶǷɹ˵ġͷĻ˵治棿ǴӶȥ
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ֺȻձԽԽȻ̧ͷһֻܴ֮߷´󾪣ѹܵ˾ţԭǻҪԷˣУøϿӳȥϲߣҲˣ
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һӰ߹ԭһСŮҲϲʶͻֽеҡȥСǹŮŻϸһ²޵ȵصǡҵٷ˰ɣһԭʶԼͷ԰Ŀңʹ
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Ǳѵģֻ컹ҹȼաԶǹţ˵ûԶֻѾˣչĹ۾ӳ÷ڡǹŮˣת˵ٷˣˣҽտġ
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޳ú˵˭ѽҹȥԺһ㡣
ȻԼô˵ȥȥɡֻ˵ѽȴߵļЭѺסͣ߻иŮڸؽУƺȰοʲôԭƴȥȲޣһӵסȥ
޸ʿסȥ·ȵվס޼ѵصҪңҹȥʿǸӲ˵˻ȥŭȵ󵨣ÿҪҷʿһҲŭˣҪεϽĵүҪ߾ǣ߾ˡ
ӲŲҪߣ޲˻ؽ֡
ˣҵһоϤͣסˡתͷ˹ȥͻȻ͵һƣѲޱ˹ȥֻѾˤڵϣֻһŮ˷һۣǰ⣡ˡ
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һ˾ЦøƵģô֪һк˵׼ǸŮءȴ˵֪ϣӣ»ʹˡ
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