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1ߺĵ绰1


εһ
·ߵĻ԰
İ
ҵ ֻ

͵͵ģ΢ɳƵģƺڶ̾Ϣ˵ĸšꡱһ
պðѵ򵽵͵ƽ׹
Ǹģϲһ֡
Ǹ㲻Ӣӣһ޷ӵ
񣬴˵㵭侲עӣƺԹۣʵеˡ
񿨷򿨵Įȴ޷ӵϬ
øڹ磬ֹڹͣ˾͸һѪ
￴ǵʱǻƲסʹֲӵĻرܡ
ʹ̫ǣ͸ණ˹¼ţӣ±ǿªһ档
ѵǶͰƫͷȥϲ𶯵ĺɫСɵֻ
˭ʱ绰
ƣԥһ¡
ֻûΪԥֹͣ𶯣𶯵øƵ㲻ӵĻҾһֱȥơ
أֻǱߵĳҪӵ绰ˡ
üѼ˸档
ѻСķһ
ֻͣߺСʲô£
ٴü
ﰴ½ʱĸպóǸ;һ˵ãã;ضڡãã;֮ǰ
еźԼӦðһġ
ֻûŵߣǱ߾ʹߺ³Ļ
ڸôòŽӡ
߻ƽ׹ǰÿŵְѻԵһ㣬ꡱһһѾƵļ
˲˵װʲôǳÿζҪŻӵ绰˵ĸʲôõ޷Щ޲ǳߺĻǲöϾģȷűڻᣬΪÿδ绰Ŀ׶һûĻ
İѻصꡱƵļϡ
˵Ƣףʲôڸ
𼦵
ֻڿڿʼ˵һ仰
嵰ҵܵҪ͡
.
ֻ΢Զ䣬ȵµòʱŰֻƽ
ߺͻݱĶ䡣
ߺֻǱɦɦͷ˳ץ˸ӹһˮ˵ˣڸɡ
ղһ֮£ʱʱ䡣
ĵܵϸ߶ҪϰȽ硣
ʶķˮ׼ȷԭλߺе㲻˼΢΢죬Ǹ⡣
Բ𡣡
Ѽŵķϡ
ν˵ʲôǸֲǵһʶ㡣
˼˵˻ģ첻˲Ųء
ǸߺʱǴģ֪ǹĻģûᵽ塣
Ǳߴߺе
Ҫæ
ûзۣΪⲻԸֻü֪С׼û¡
׼ʱӷ߳ûдｲ绰߽˳
ƺ̾˿ᣬᣬ١
˵ɡ
еΡ
ϺˣѾܾ˵Ҫ󣬸οǸߺҪ
ҲǸ˵мְһִɨĹ㻹ǵ𣿡
ߺ˵ʾ䣬õǿ϶Բûش
Ҳûʱش
ҽûաҵıҵĻûأҽҪϹûʱ˯ˣͷһҪ󽻣ͿҰɡ֪ʲôˣҽĹݡаУæ
һһ͸еһ񺮡
ãһߺҡ˫ġ顱о͸ˣһ˵˳Ŵ¼ҵӲ֪֪ˣս
Ҫܾɡ
ҵģʣˣ㻹û䡣ǲײĲᡭ..
Сʺ˲éӡģ֡ʺ򡱰Ȳŵ۲Ը񣬿ڷԣڳԷ˵á
ǣǣ˵öԡ߸ĸҲ֪Ҳ
СֹǰºģƫҪǰ½ͷ
ѹ˺ܶ൫Ǳ߻ˣֻεĿЦһ¡
һת⡣
㵽װﲻ

Ƥһء
ҪԷء
ΪԼθ룬ǸϿͨĺá
ַʱ䣿
Ǳһ£漴˵˷ܵ
ѵַʱֽϡ
ȥﰴ壬Ҧܼһ㿪š
š
лл㣬Ҿ֪ˡ
˵ϻ¡
֪ˡ
ݰݡ
ݡ
ͨڸߺĻн
ԵķѾһ룬ֻʢõһ뷹Ƶǰ
磬ԣˡ
š
Ǹߺĵ绰
԰һɰеʣµһеԼ
ÿμ嵰ﶼ飬飬һ顣
˵ڳ壬ҪԵ㡣
ʵѾ߳һͷˡ
ǼϸƤ𪣬ʮ꣬ʮꡣ
ԸߴʵСɫʮ꣬ʮꡣ
߳ȥ˾Ի˵Ǹ磬ΪǸ硣
ԷҲ˵ǷͰͿķĵȷС˵㡣
ԲɰͳԲˡ
飬һ飬ոպá
ߺεİһڷ
ǣҽһ
šʲôʱ
ǰ˴ɨӵģܿ죬Сʱŵͻ
ҽһ㣬иС͵ľۻᡣ
Ҫ̫
š
Գ극ط˱𣬸ȥϰ
ʧſڵĸߴӰοЦˡ
ʰ÷ϴ
ϵֽ˿ǹǮסĵط
ǮˣôæɨһɨҪӡ
ҡҡͷֽŽڴ	
Ǯ˸ԼȫͬˣԼ޷磬Ǹˡ
ٿһҵĵģм׼ҪõĲ߻
ڿҪһҲ˯һҲԡ
˯˵Ǽҳ㷹
˿ʱ䣬㡣
ԼסĵطԶһӦÿ׼ʱ
Ьţ˴򹤡














2. 







̧ͷ˿ǰߴ󣬵ǾԹҪķӡ
ǶʽģǰǲСĻ԰԰ݣĲ㣬һҲߡ
ٴο˿еֽȷƺȷɡ
ְ塣
ܿ洫𸴵
ӣ￴һʮҵվԼǰ
ԭſڴ԰Ҫӡ
ϵ׳ӾҦܼˡ
Ҧܼҿһ㶣ҲֲҦܼһᷢ㶣˭ҲǸߺͬѧġ
ϾһǶʮһʮˡ
һԭﱾ˷㶵ʱ
׾ߺĻ˵ֱһɫϵٵģеŮģ׵ĻƵĺڵģᱻԵ
ʱûﲢû˵ԵһƬˣ෴ֻһҪõѡ
ϲ˽ҿ˱ʵľ롣
Ȼܶ˶ͼӽǻĽ֡
ֻиߺ˦Ҳ˦֪͸
εЦЦԼŵ
Ҧܼң
ŶǸߺͬѧߺѾͨ绰ˡ
˵ͷ˽ȥ
ҦܼҲǸɫĹܼңܿͻָ˹ʼĸｲйشɨҪעˡ
ⶰֻһסֻϲŻͨҪʮ㣬㲻õҪӦϲסҲڹ̶ʱ䣬ҪʱŻ
ҦܼҶ˶٣һԵ
΢΢ͷƺ˵ͣҲûҪ˵˼
ҦܼҲʲôףԼĻ
ҲûʲôҪעģ˶¥Һ鷿ôɨ⣬ҪɨɨʱŻԭλͿˡ
ͷӦһ
һǸƧˣϲסķӣܼҶסôõķӣùס
Ӧùݶ磬ùݵĻһ㣬һҲûС
Ǯ˶ǹˡ
һܹµį
еͬ
Լ˼ûҦܼҺ˵ʲô
ҦܼҴ߽
һ¥һܿƫŷʽķ
ɫԺڰΪ󷽣ƹͣһֺĸо
ϲĲãû뵽ƷζԼͦġ
ֻԼûǮķӣҪȵ±ӡ
ǴǸɫɳ
ܴ󣬿һܺá
ʲôĸоһôһԼĴҪ
ɨĹ߶ߵķҽ£ҪȻȥˡԼɨ˰ŹغþͿԻȥˡ
ͷ֪ˣҦܼҡ
Ҧܼļ߳ӡ
˹߿ʼɨ
ȻĲ㣬ǴɨѣΪÿܶɨΣûסģûʲôԴɨģֻǰѶһ飬Էлҳ
Ǵ¥ʼɨģ¥ʱߵڶĶĿɿڴ̫Ⱥ˷ܶĿɿڴ
Ǽ䷿ֽţһһռ˴䷿ӡ
ַЩֽš
ǹһµ¥飬ɲľɵСӡ
úܺã¥棬װ棬ʳƷ棬ױƷ桭.. 
ռôĹ浥Ҫ೤ʱ䰡
ԭλҲһˣʶͺˣЩһ
ǲܵ£Ҧܼ˵ˡ
﷭ţ᲻÷֡
ڵذ̰ķţ֪Ѿ˶ʮӡ
һ¥Żԭ
ٲھŵ֮ǰˣԼ̫ԣǸʲôġ
ĿһһֽĹ˷š
ȵﶼɨ꣬ոպϾŵ㡣
磬ǲȥٿһᣬͿһᡣ
ôҷ˵ĶأֵĻߺᶪġ
Ĺ浥ֶֺãȥ
ţҡҡͷ
ˣǻȥɡ
˾
ѵǸˣ˵Ҫʮ֮Ż
أԼǿ߰ɡкͺˡ
űڶֻЬӵʱѾվſڡ
ﱾЬ̧ͷģǿԼĿ̫ȣҪԼȥ㣬
ܲˣֻ̧ͷǸ֮ˡ
̧ͷãһ̧ͷʹסˡ
۾ɵϴһգҲգá
ôＤӿһ͵˳
ߴͦεӰǿеʣ˧ס
Ǹֻ־ϿһһԼԶҲ޷󼰵ˣھԼǰʵʵһˣӡֽϵӰ














3







˹ͷȹͷûע⵽ԨɫжôԾ
˿̵Ԩף΢΢ĳ죬˫Ѫ죬˸ĹâһͷԼǿԱ
ﶯ˶촽뿪ڴк
Ԩ̺˫ʢ
û￪˵ԨǰһһѰ§촽΢ŵ˫
ʧЬӵϡ
񱩴³ǣԭеĴҲûȡ
һ΢Ĵ꣬ԨһҪľָоģģʪʪģ˵ԼûŹ㡣
𣬺㣬ڲϷڵøӾҡ
ԨӶǰζĿֻ˳űܲϵ
˺ĥĴ꣬ϵŪţԶԶԨɻͷ˿˫
еһʪֻĶԼϵķŪԼĿǻ
΢΢ĴʹնǴ顣
ôղԼԨ
ôԼ
뵽ԨԼ̣ϳ壬
ﱻǵúѣһ˿˳ҵǶ޷պϵû޳Ĳ
ͷȱһƬհס
Ԩһ§»壬˳ư΢΢𣬽ŲȵĺɫɳȥϵĶ˿ûͣ١
ﱻڴɳϣɳȻ
ϵѹأԨڷſĴȵ˫˳»һƬʪ𤡣
֪ʲô飬ȥᷢʲôҲ֪
ҪƿǲԵģԼŸһμ棬һ仰Ҳû˵ͷչˡ
ǣԼѾܾˣꡣǿҵİⲻԼƿ
һ˫ְסԼؿڵĺɫͷ­
׹䣬ǾԼ׹ɣҲԼΨһһĽӴΨһһӵôԼΪʲôҪĺûء
鶯峺˫ζã˫ձͨ죬һںҹʢĺĵ
ĳԨ¶ţź
Ԩ޺ͦĺշת£ϸϸĿҧԼѪ͡Դ³һߵּͦеĸȫϡ
ΣͣĲ
ԨĶᣬŪ̴̵ʹ
ⶼԼĸԸģ³ҲԹӵѾˣʹֻǶݵһ˲
ҲȥΪʲôһԼԼһжҪˣҪԼˣʹʶԼ
˫ֲīڵĶ̷ץ
Ԩ޳ֲڵָѨʱһʹʶı壬˲佩Ӳ
ԨԴ֮жû˵ֻеͳĴϢͷס˫
ﱻס
ĸоǿңһҲһ뵽Ԩһ¶Ŭķ壬ܸ˳ĽԼ
ԨԼʱ˺Ѱʹ޷ϵԨûжϧûиϢĻᣬҵɶ
ѪζζƮɢڿС
۽ǱųᣬΪ˺ʹǸΪ㣬˿еҸ
§Ԩļ˻źԨ֡
֪Ԩûƺûģֻǿ۽³Ķš
·µ˭˵νġ
ֻԨĶͣҡ
ӿĴʻСھʧȥ˷򣬲ͣĴת
յ͵ĴƲϵͷҡΣ㶵Ŀţҡһ»ѣͷŬļоϸϸĸµʹҪסʹԨԼʹ
һѣԼеŰ??
볶ǸԼһЦЦճزˣһ͵ײɱǰŤʹζĴϢ
֪˶ã÷·̵̣ܶǻ̻ţϣԶƺܳİԶ೤ֹ
ԴһìܵľС
Ϊһлֹȥʱ򣬺Ѩеһȡ
Ԩ˻һϡ
һΪһжýˣȻԼԸģʹʹʵڲٳеˡ
ԨйһΣͷһ㣬
εСɰգĽëˮʪӨ˫ۣ߿Լ
֪˿µ˭֪˿йǿҵҪ
¸ӿһȳ
һ죬۾ȫʹȥҿ
ԨһѰ𣬿첽¥ȥ
ɵ§Ĳӣʪš
ʹʹûоܾ˼
³˦ڴϣԺôãûʹǻǱ˦һͷΡ
ԨŴٴѹס
һ籩꣬ضɽҡɳ衣
ﲻֶ֪Լ˶ٴΣԼȫˣһ˲ʧȥ֪
Ԩƺۼһ͵Ա˯ˡ
ﾲڴϣȴָ
֪˶ãоϲôʹˣСķһ˯Ԩ
ӳһϤףҪ־ϿĸӢ
Ԩüͷ΢΢ţ˯һֹ¼ŵϢ
ʹĸüۣôᣬôᣬϸϸš
ԼȻµòǸµįˣ֪Ԩһʹ
ô븧ƽüеļįԼΪʲôԺټʱҲϵԼİɡ














4







±ҵı죬ĸԨϣŪѱŪãָԼʶ㣬оѾе
ĿһۣƺҪüӡԺϡ
ƣ˴һɼһʹҪǼʱסأѾڵˡ
ŴزһŬӦɼʹ
Ⱥټˣƶ˫ţÿһĵʹϵźӦǷʹ
˺ðߵſڡ
סſתһ΢΢¡ı죬ת¥ȥ
ϴּһǱȷѪ
ƺӦʹҲʹľˣʱѾûôʹˡ
ɢڴɳԵ
׳ŦۣûõȻԼҪȥˡ
ֻڵϣؿһԡ
һ㶡
֪ʲôʱˣԼ˵ŵͻȥġ
ѵװã
죬ʮ롣
һˣԼִֻͨ
ʮͨδӵ绰ġмͨǸߺġ
ü˸ʹĶ
˲ϵĲʣٵĴ·
Ŀ˶¥һۣȥš
￩һ£ǲ˵ԺԼʹټҲͬİ·ˡ
һʧ䡣
Ҫܿټˡ
ҹ紵еһ¡
һߴ԰һ߸Դ绰
ûһ绰ͱˣԼе
磬ģôô˻ִֻͨҸȥ㡣
һᣬŬѹסеɧԼĲԡ
ģû¡Ͼͻȥ
Ҹմ绰ȥ˸ߺַҪҪȥ㣿
ˣҴĻȥ
š
š
ȻǲӵģԼڵ״ĦгŹ֣ƨɾͿˣڱһ·ĥĻõŹ֡
ﳶЦЦɼһʹЦǡ
ǸողʸߺַûҹȻĻԼӣ϶Ԩһٵġ
ʮ࣬û˵ģֻôˡ
ôˣʿҲõ
·ߵʮӲ˳ˣֻòֳסλеһ
ƽʱ᲻ʿȻʹǮƣʹҲû취¡
ҹHԵøӷݳޣ޺磬˸ҫ۵Ĳʹ⣻죬ҹαװߣԭα¶ķйеѹ֣궯
ﲻϲҹϲһԼԣϲ飬߾ĵĹ˼߻
ǣﲻòϳȥΪҪǮϼְ
ǵģǮˣҪԼŬԼŬԡ
ȻѾԼǿˣǣԼΣΪԼĵܵܣԼΨһˡ
бӣ΢΢üϸڹĶǰ복ķ紵ڿһĻȡ
ﲻҶգգЩɬղ˺öᣬڿ϶Ǻ׵ġ
Ԩ
շõ飬ǸԼĬĬİӡ
ǸˣԶһռ£ʵԼҲдԼһܾ˼ûУ§ס
ǡ
ĳЦԼһ
ԭԼһ֮ˣøߺ֪ĻŹ֡
ҲֲԼΪǸԨԼŻģȻ
˾ӺӾˣеɻ󣬴ĺ˹롣
ˣ𣿡
һ£˼һת
ǳһ£ɬһЦûû¡
˾һ㶣Цÿǳǳģȴ˸о·ǧӣƮ裻ССľѣ΢΢׵˫ۣԴɬ飬ǿС¹Ǵʹ˵Ķǡ
˾һ¿ˮȻ뵽Լڿ߼е·ϡ
ԼȻһ꿴ǲǣǣ̫ˣԣʣ޷ݵʣ˵һʲôĸо
ûù죬ȻҪˡ
뵽˾еһ£Ǻջˮ
ʡ
˾ٳٲųû¾ͺá
ﾲĬﲻٿ޺磬΢΢ĵʹͷ˼ңƣϮȫ
бӣλϵԻٶӰӾǹǱʱٶȣҪһǣϤĵͻֱָĵĸֻ漣ĸȴƨƨ
üḧһܾƨƨһֻ°ƣ˦˦ĸ첲ͳֻһۣ½
˾ҪרĿģֻǲСģƳģƳüḧƨƨı鼫ģ죬һܶص꣬ԺܶӶġƨ𣬲˭µְôԼ˵İɣ˵̴ô˫ô̴أ
˾ʶԼٴΣ찡˾Ĵɰһо񣬿Ȼ˫ͻ⳵ġ
죬Լǧˡ
ʴĸ̫ӣҴˣ֪ˡ
֪˿˾뷨˫üᣬ쳤̾ģУǳûˣҳϣҲûе˫ľɣǸʲô᲻̴òʲôϵĹ߼ģ
졣
ǣûжĵܣ˿ûĶֻǰֻƽ䣬ܸߺħݱ














5ƻѷǻ







ģôȥɨɨҹûײˣǱˡұԳһ١
еЦһ£ûЦ
ĵߺ㻹˸˾ŲʮҲǱǱһˣǸ治ӵˣҪһԼԸģеֵߵߵġ
ҪǸߺ֪˻᲻ȥǸˣȻعͷԼҲˣţпܡ
ţ˵滰ҪҸĽڡ
ڣףԸһݣﲻ䡣͵ʡ
ѹסĲʣϲá
·ϡ㣬ҿҵż񡣡
лңż񣿸ʲô
żǸԥ𣿱Ц
Żţңûš
Цһ
ȻǡǸԨＯŵܲԨ
ǱߴߺľС
Ԩģ
ü䷢ʹ
ƭ˼ҴôõĹ֪ϰ
ֹбҪ֪һ𣿡
ϲ֪Ҫڳôı飬ɬϲֻǷߺޡ
֪
ֻǸое㽩ӲеܣΪ뵽ʵǸͷ˴صĴϢ֮һ仰ҲûжԼ˵
ʵǱеܣܵġ
ǰ˺ܾãҲ治ҵżĵˣ֪ʱˡ
˷ܵһһװġ
ǸԨĳݲһˣȻﲻĳĳΪɱķ̶ȣҲȥԶˣŸǸйص־ֽ
ȻԨȷвŻ׵ıʱ䴴ǰʮԨＯţ˳úܸߴӢǻҪǣԵߺ֮ԻáʣΪߺ˵˶ԾèҲ⡣ﲢǸäĿˣʲô׷ǵȤƫƫԨ⡣ߺ벻ͨﲻˣǸԨӣǸˣٲһദˡ
ôãμ棬Һܾˣߺò˼顣
Ϊʲôֻػ
ˣɡ
һתʣ֡
˾еһǿƽûٺ˼롣ţˡ
΢΢İԹΡ
ȲʱСİѲֻϣ˵ˣҺû£ȻҿûǮһˡȵװϵʱ򡭡ߺԲ𡣡
ߺܲ˵ľֳǸ˵ί˵㰧˵֪Ǹʲôˣȴޱȵļǿִš
ߺͷһңͶ
ˣˣ֪ˡȥԵģָһٳ
һЦûȥһ١ɹ˸ߺһ䡣
ߺһϮ
ԣǸܵСӣǺܷǳʮֻܵļһ
ߺڨЦˣҵĴ㲻ǺܸҪң
ǺܸˣԿɲ
ߺ
ҴлİæҪϹˡݡ
ҼǵҪлรɲҪˡݰݡ
һڲ
ʱպõҡ
Ȼ˾жΣҵ֮ɣǿ˾ûʶʵʴĸ̫ϴҲǿĳϴЧﻹƽˡ
С˳˳Ǯ˾лһתͿԺͽڤվǿ¡
еѹŽһ硱ٱǰ
ҿٵĴһ¿۵ţûۼѪǱӣе㲡
㲵գ磬ʲô£
ڤ֣ǵỽ磿
дů⣬еƣһůѪҺ
Цһԣڤķ˿ůο
û£ģٸ
ǰ棬ڤں档
ﾡĲʣάĲ
ǰ棬ᷢһ
ڤĵˣˣסеԲע΢
ڤԵͬѧѣ򣬳úܿɰһ۸ӣѧУʱϱ۸һαԾˣӴɽԵڣڣɱڷˣֵĳɳ
׵ܵܰ㣬Ҳ׸磬ϲĸ磬ᣬϸģÿ
Ǹ͵ʵ˵һ飬ǸڴɨʱСĹģҺû˵ɫǸմɨԨ˷һֱûϢµġ
˵Щʱ򣬱úܺõģϱôһ˷ܵζҲʵˣֻǻе׫˵㡣
ڤ˼ĻŲɣȻʹۣһѡ
ǰŰɣﾫ񲻺ãҲա
磬ˣҲˣȥϢɡ
šڤͲҪȥˣ컹ҪϿΣ绰
ţѾˡ















6˼Ī







ϴ˸裬ƣĵڴϺ˼롣
ղϴʱϵսһ졣
˵ƣ˲ĺڰգ˼Ӧ˺ڰ΢¹͸һ㲣ϡ
¹ҲǸϰɣ뵽ҹ˼ʱԼôȻʱ϶ǿҵᣬδڣֻдصĴϢ
ʹʱҲܴпĹ¼ 
ǰһ־Ͽ֪Ǹ˵ڲصĶﲻ֪ûпȴˡ
ǰΪͿһģ˵Ǿͬһˣ˵ȥĻ˭Ṷͬģģһߵķ ŭη壬֮£ŨŨĹ¼ţ˵С·ʱҲĲ֪룬ֹҪ֪Լ᲻????
Ϳֱĵĺڲع¼ţĮ룬쳾ȴӱܲˣֻԼķʽйǰǰ
ˣԼǻʹȥƽԼû
ҲԼǸеʹΪԼ
ԼǸαߡ
ۣԽƣ
ΪԼԶҲǸʹԼԸ⸶ˣǣһ飬һ˭š
ԼҲҪ˭ţֻҪԼžͺá
Եʱ쵽ء
ڵֵסƣ硣
ﲢֳǸĿˣӲãԥֻҪ¶ĵ飬һᾡȥԼȲҪȥ£ô;ԼûкڵĻᡣ
ķʵsizeϣԨһһֱϣ̧ۣüͷգ˼ȫѹ
һ鷿䣬ţϤİ裬Լķ䣬ԼǳŻؼˡ
̫Ѩʹ
Ӵ𣬿ѩ׵Ĵһ鰵ѪĿ
\⣬ ԨᳶЦ纮
ãҩɲһĹ󣬶ҾǮҲһ򵽣лѺܶȨǽ߾ȫֶΡĴҩ֪֡Լµ˭˾˯ãǺҩԼ޷֪ĸŮˣʹҪ̥Ҳ֪Ҫ˭
Ԩǳķ󣬱
û뵽ԼµǿŻؼ ԼľǸˡȻǵǸ˵òܿ϶ǸеģǸ˵ˡ
ţˣԨϵһԵڶŮаЦдаǿ
Ƴ۴ϵѪ漴ǣζЦţϲһ䰵ҹʢĺĵ˭أǸùĿ档
ƺԽԽȤˡ
ߺһ߳ͿһŮ۷˴뿪Сӣô飬ֺŮġ
￴΢Цȥ
ô
ߺŨüһƳﺬмһ
ЩϼһˣûšҲǵļᣬ٣滬
ߺǸ͵60ˣȻٶһҲûʲôԹԵġ
ҡҡͷ֪ǵģ˭Լء
㲻Ǳ𣿡
ߺ죬¶࣬
Ҳҡ˿ҹʱдġ
дʱдһƪҵģֻߺŻó£лôʱ䣬ֱ˷뷨Ҳкϸߺʽ˼룬ӵĻǾ̫ѾˣӶٵ
ջǸļ򣬡ģҵ֤û⡣
ǰдòãͿǺģƪ
΢Ц˵ɵĵ٩
㻹ġ
ߺΪȻУſȥ
ˣ˵ղǲ־ܾŮıˣ
ߺһŵ
û㲻Ǻ𣿡
ҵȻ֪ǻҲ֪İ
ߺűɹӶӡ
Ϊʲôÿܾǲǰ˭Ǹ˭
ߺץֻΰΡ
ԣTУԿĻ棺
һߴ׳һһͷһ͹һҡβ
ǻ濴
Һǹ͹ûаŻ죬ϸճļƤһء
Ѿ˲°ٴˣô𾢡
̧ͷһۣЦĪ⡣
Ȼ
֪
Уÿ¶飬Ī⣬˵аԾаÿοզ࣬Ҫ֪¶飬ǿɲһĹ졣
ҪǱЩ׵ŮǸӿȵ׷
У˵Ͳ˵ʱ򱻱ˣɲҪڡ
װû
ѾߵУſڡ
ҹĺɫµȣͷ⡣
ϳҴȥԷòײųճףġܾܾ
ҹΪ˳ţĳЦ
ѧлл
Σ˽ȥ
ߺݺݵĵҹһۣҲ˽ȥ
ҹҷתͷ˸ߺһۣ̾
ԭϻнСƤֶﰡ














7  ˱ҵ







ߺ˫Ŀǳ鶯˫ȭ
ҪΪһڿһȭȥˡ
￴˿ʻϿưȻųҹңֿûĸߺεҡͷ̾ĸߺļʾ
һǰ϶ԩͷÿμ涼Ҫ۵Сۡ
ߺҪ򶨣
ղˣôУǲġ
أߺ⣬̣ᴽ
ߣҲ֪ԭСҰǡֶ
ҾúŶ
ߺǻشаԭƤ񣬵˵˵˵ĻԵûˮ׼ղŵǾ仰ľʽѾ֤ûˮ׼ˣߺ
ߺͷĿҹҵĺţһѺСñļơ
ҲŲϡķأҪҪҰ۸
ôֳԼˣ﷭ۣ죬һ˫ĿһգαϣԻľȻ
Ұǻøߺʦڡ
㲻Сˣģ˷Ĳ¡
þûдҹҵߺԸˣʤ׷ҹҵĻȴƮ˹
һСˣͷ˳ء˵̫ͣרŹСİӵġ

Ĺ̫ܵ
ǵ̸ĲһɣûӪٴзۣ˳һ졣
ڸߺ˼ǣ˼ҹҵĺţ˼ȭĿĵҲˡ
˳ߺ̧ͷ˿ǰĸ߼һͰΪүûǮ
˽ȥ
ߺȷʵǮΪϰֵǮе㲻мʹãԿһ
ҡҡͷ
ҹҽСܺҲЦŸ˽ȥ
ˣҹҰѲ׽ƱǳһڣٷŻϣš
ߺмĵһۣ³ĶƱ͹һڣ˴뱭صİѾƱŻϡ
ľȻ䲻տҲСɣĿбӣĺĹ֭
ҹƳһ۸ߺͷǱߴչȥЦеֺõ
ȥļҹ˾û絽ɣʾþ⡣
ûӹ̧֭ͷǱ߸ߺѾӻˡ
˭ϡùȥǵǮҲߡ
ҹҺ͸ߺһۣҹ¶СϱֺùŵѾӹ̧֭۵
ҷɡнһô
ܳԼһճУŵˣֵ̧ýһ¡
ҹ΢ЦӯӯСɾ֣һ˫Ϫü΢ʤҶ
пЦ˶ʱ侲ֹĿռ䣬Ȼһĳ͸ĳǲˡ
ʱҹ0ͣĿֱⷢղźȾʱȫ٣ߺ˫ĿԲŨüһֱߣɵĲǴҰҹҡ
Լɵռ˿δմ˹֭ӨӨķ۴
³Ļıƺе㲻
ѧѧǹѧ߻
ʵ˼¶֮Цõ
˶ķ۴ƺʲôĶҪ˭ҲûлشĻ
Ƶĵͷһڹ֭
ʧȥĿ꣬ӾֹռнѣʶĨһǡ
ҹεЦŬղŵĻ
ߺһ¶һЦٲı顣
٣һģĿ˸ߺһۡ
ûϵģҲ⡣нһһô
﷭ۣ̲סԲײķȳ鶯˼¡
İɣҰǣǰѾҪԨˣǸ˧ż񡣡
ߺ˵ҹüЦɣҸȽףЩ㶼֪ɣߺߡ
ʲôҹҼĴɽǧҪƭˣǸǳģ˽ˡǧҪȥ
ļû̫ķӦοƵļᶨѧ֪ʲôллģѾˣȥԡ
ҹֻй򣬡ĲٿǿһҲá
ЩЦЦ֪ԼѧȥǹһֱǿãôɹֻĲܶѣֲȥס
ʵ⻰ʵеΥĵģһΪĲܣһΪǸˣ֮ܶԶ֮ʵǳԨ˲Ԩ
ȻͲôŬԼ֪ƣ롣
ҹʲôֲϢֵǡ
ףɲҪǸް֮ˣ˭ͻᵹùġ
ùôЦ
ǲްҵ¡ˣ˵ˡǲްĲ⣬ֻ˳ԼȥԹ޻ڣԺҿܻȥѧµģû¼ȡǱϰ峭ˣ֪ѧҪҪҡ
⻰˵еˣ˶ε˼Լôġ
ҹһҲô˵ޱң뵽ԼĹ˾æͷ
̫ˣô˵ˣڡߣǸû۹ļһһ϶ҪģҿɲڷŶǺģ֪ٺ٣ʱҵˡ
￴ҹҲ¶аЦ˸˵Ļڡ
ҹڻӦʧޱ˷ܡ














8 







ԨＯŵܲð칫ңشµⱾǺǿҵģ˵һһǽôشӦûİ칫յúȲǣʵȻشһɫĴסˣֻ˳֯ϵķ϶©˼˿ڵĿյЩͣȻܰ¶ȣǸоյȴһɭĸо
ԨЩδߴƤתϣ΢΢ǰ㣬ü??Ȼȴʮֵרעָʱꡣ©ϣżԾ·һŹΣǹ¸߸ϵľ
Ԩ꣬ˣǻ̲ס̾ļ¶ôҲԲ˵ġһˣûһŮǲϲģ֪˾Ůͬ¶ԨİԨһ飬Ҳ˾ֻ͵͵ĿۡҲԼ˵ģ飬ĻȻҲࡣ
ڳʱԨ֪ˣ⣬ܶأֵҲúãǽûžͽǳηҲŲ𣬿ôȴֻǳճյĿԼϲľ
顣
Ԩû뿪ԣҲûжһ£Ȼ΢ŭȴó˲ѣ
ԣԲܲáҡ
ȥ
ͳдԵǷٰ֮ȴ
ŲҵߣʱʶĻôԼֻʰؼˡ
ҹǸڳģΪit˳ŴģͷβſյĿϷ
龭ߵʱĸоǸŮǿ˻ᣬģ֡
ССĺһ£Ҫ֪ǸϧĺˣŮ޿ɲķղԼԵһǸͺˣԼҲз˺
ջ׷ŮӰߣᵯһ¸ɾ׵ĳ죬߽칫ҡ
ܲûϧŪŮġ
ʹΪЩŮƽϸĻͿЩ΢ĵ٩
ʲôǱ䣬ȴѾûǰı
㲻𣿡˫ֽ滷Ħ˼£װ˸սôģݡ
Ԩڰ۹ӵĻƿǸĵˣûµĻˡ
ҹָֻյ飬һƨԱߵĴɳϣ˫ִ򿪴ɳϣȣ˿ԨͶı
ǵˮȲˣĳˡ
Ԩ嵱û߷ŻصĻٴͶ빤ǿ
Ĭֻżû̷ġžડ
ȻǹâɣҹȴԽԽ䣬£޺޵ĿԨһۡ
СΪԼ˧һ㣬һ׬Ǯһ㣬קòˣĿˣÿ˶ǷƵģʮѶܵĴǸǷļһ
ҹҵŲɽܲãͷٴӽŵͷԨ˸Խ
ȥԿԵɽغ϶иϣУÿζԼȳסҡ
˵Ԩв߻ʦҵԱӣ
ԨͷҲû̧£
ҹҲɳǳ鴤˼£ͷ췭˸ۣ˼ƴԼѹҹҲҪҪСһƽϡʮԼûǸ漣ô˵ԼǿԲܸѵĆٺ٣һǲİɡ
ҹֺٺٵɵЦһſڴ𻰡
ǲиҪԣ
ҹ˵ֵʱ˵İĽãԨü
ǸHıƱҵõԣֻϧĲ߻ͶõģʱԼرһ¡
ԨǾҹ̵Ļ£
ǡ򡰲ǡ͵ˣǾ仰ԼҹҺһղŵĶ̫ʱˣҲԵԼ̫ûˣֻôĥ˼ 졣
װѧܡ
Ǹװġ˵رأһĻա
ʲôʱС׷ŮˣʼͬˣһֳꡣƺԼԽԽȤˡ
ûд𻰣̧ͷҹңĿж˵벻м
ѧУķƷãɼãúãúá...
Ԩһˮɫ

ɲҪ˵Ȼһᱻģʱѧô졣
أҪĻҸô죿Ҫҡ
ҹҲйϾĻ棬ͬĵص㣬ͬˣһ龰
˵ǡǡܲ˭ţֱǸ׳ռӻա
Ԩǲϳ鴤ӥʢ
ϵԨֻˣ
ҹɫ棬мܲõķ緶
ֻ㲻ҪȻʧȥһˡ
ԨҲĿ˲ҾͲ
Ҿͷˡ
ҹһԨļ˸ʮǧת䣬ղ·ǵĴèȻèôҲֻеֽϻ
Ͱˡ
鵹š
Ԩ 
ʲôʱпճȥһ͡
Ѿкüûһȥˣܲ治˵ģææҪ
սһ¥̵Ĳ߻Ƚæ
ãʱ˵ˣǵҵĻҪˣҵѧ֪𣿡
ԨƳһۣǸӡ
ҹƲƲ죬Ų֪С˳ȥ














9 Եȥ







ӦʱˣԼ׼꣬ھҪнˣܴܲߣͿˡ
꣬1460ҹ֪㲻Ǻܳʱ䣬һˡ
˼ΣһжôʵƫƫԼȴִţڻ޷԰Ρ
¼ſҲ޷̫äĿ棬ģ
Цγһˡ
Ƿݲ֪޸˼εĵײ߻ص෢͵ͷԡ
һε嫵зڣֱԹԵŰǶλ
ڶԵʱԵˣһҸעۡ 
ڴʱԵˣһָˣעź 
 ڶԵʱˣһֲңעı 
 ڴʱˣһˣעĳԶ 
ԼһأЦЦûԼһԵݵģԼ˵ʱǶԵģҲǶԵģһҸעǲ۵ġֶԼûǸ˵Լʲôǣ֪и
Ըܳɹ֪һˡ
עֻڻζ޷صźů¶ 
˭Ҳﲻ˭ֻԼǾͺá
ٴ̫Ѩػ׼Ըûˡ
ʱ䡣
ԼһŽټһŽſһڷ
ﲻϲһ⣬ϲ⣬û֪Լеģһ᲻ԵģеĻҲᳬ顣˵ʳɣҲʳֻǻһַʽʳѣѹԼô࣬ݡߺ˵Լ˲ԣģ¿ɼǱȸԵöûȻУ±ûġ
磬Ҫԣ
￴飬еεļŽ
š¼ȡͺˣͲҡ
ּһޱ죬ÿǿͰȵ
Ҹô㣬¼ȡǵʧﶼŽ
΢üǰǿŽ
ǰһֿקһҪ˵ӣֻԼͽڤǰŻɫʱе㺢
ϾֵܣĳЩϰԻǺģһ㣬ֻǱֳ̬Ȳһѡ
ԵĻ÷СܰԼ
ҲϰˣǲҪ˳Ļ˵ȥĺãȻҪûû˵ԼԴǡ
ÿܵܵĶٶԼĴһֳݺССľɣʹˡ
û˻ưһۣ漴Ϻ顣
Ժϰˣûʱٸˣô죿
ñԼǿ׳ߴĵܵܣ˵ǳԼķģôһܵܣȥҳһЩûûӪĶģȻԼҲʲô߼Ĳ͵㣬ԼÿͼӪġûа취ˣڲʱѧھ͸ˣôġ
ԲΪȻĿǵĸ磬ϰԵּһҰյĵỽһԡǿ䵽Լһ˲ÿӸסԵĿӡ
Զһ£ΪȻİѿ˻ǿ鿴ȴ˲ԸԵŵԼ
֪Ѿ͵˼ˣÿζ֪ҲٳˣֻԼʶþգȻºͣʱȴִզࡣ
ͰϹģҲģרĹͺãмʹæҲҪԼ۵
ٿҲ˵λԼ룬ֻıˡ
ʲô࣬һעġתƻ⣬ҿɲ㵽ԡ
ǾöԲԵģֲԼɲĳصҿһյĳûǵһ³ʱĲǸʵĳɱ֡
ˣҲᵽҳԵġҸڤ˵ˣԺҵȥԡ
ǼһӶ˶࣬ʦרҵʦȻǾԼıȽϺóԣǸҲˣһԷҲ
ͷһᣬڤӦû⣬ĸҲº͵ˣһð취ͿˣοǽúܣͷܵĻ˷ʱֻۣǵòʧ
ȥڤû⡣ܲȥɣô죬ᵽȥסɡ
ˣһڼңôġ
ЦԸòɫǶô죬ˣһڼңɷŲġ
￴һ¶ݺݵı飬һֵĵüµ뷨úúġ
һڼʲô⣬ֲСӡ˵ԺؼҵʱҲֻϻϴ˯ѣûʲôõĵġˡ
ŲһǰˣԼԶȥ򹤣ҲһǮǱϾʲô⡣ԻҪϴѧǮһҪģŬȵҲҵˣһоͺˡǵģʱ򣬿ԼѾûȥеʲôˣһҲͻõˡ
Զ˶죬վû˵ڵ״Ҳ֪˵¾Ͳĵģ࣬Լû취ȵҵˣһҪ˵ĹˣֻҪڼԼϲľͺãʱ򣬻Լ硣
Ĭһᣬڿڡ
㹤ȶˣҾͻȥʱҲżˣпҾͻס
˵⻰ʱһĹ͹찡ôһֻ͹һһĿ̲סȥ͹ͷ
ˣû˵׼Ҳļҡ
ԶܲǱˡëֻðյỽһ硱СɫԼԼԿĺΣǰͬѧӣܻһ۾˺üŴ顣
ˣͷοһֻСޣޣʲôСϸ˺òãСӡ
õЦһĵ档














10 ˼ɼ







ȴįģֽ˼Ķһ˿ɲϼ뵽ƷḶ́ԸȦ೤˿ߣһȦһȦճ˿ʱҲǵصİԼסȦܣվӲ˵˼˼
ҹҹοʱеĸ֪Ҫ˵»ʧĻңڿԼ˵ϲúȸԾ
ȴֻԼһԸִŵİĵף˵ʲôζֻΪ£żѣԼһ֪㳤ֵˡ
ϸϸݣӷ˿Ь࣬ʵҲûʲôģֻǰƽʱţп㻻װ㣬ɫĳ˼Ƚµģǳɫ
վھǰ˳ϵôúܱŤ˵ѿǿŲ·Ĵ䲢ûʲôףǳԼϣȷʵǲʺϴô򶼾СѧڴҲûôСѧ˵ֱŤĸо
ﲻǵǵڼ̾ˣðɣɣǻʲô취ء
žӳ˳ǣü˼üۣ˵ۣôװǿһڸϲΪʲôͲܿеأǿһأֻҪһͺˡ
ٴ̾Ҳ˰ɡ
ôôɣԼͺˣԼǴЩ𣬽ôˡ
ʧ޴ˣҿɲһССҳЦһ
ڲе磬ûͿ챻ҳˡ
ֹóǲź֣ÿζԼӲֲǲ֪ôԼӵİ
˵Цˡ
̧ͷŸµ󿴿ҿϿ¿ҲԼϿ˿
ɻ󣬡ôˣﲻԣ
ֿ˿̧°˼״ǳ˳飬üëһ£뿪°ͣһ仰
Ť
Цãⲻ˵Լ֪ˣΪԼǿۿӻǿ۴ء
ֲ֪ܲ
һҲʺϴ
֪û취
һҲʺϡ
˵֪ˣǡ
ʺϡ
ﱩŭԣ͡
ǸڱǰԹֿקôǰƦˡ
Լ˺˵ºеģҲºƽģֻƽȻһСֻͨƽʱ߰ڵŭǰ࣬ԵȻЩԹɫҲһˡ
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ҲȻԨĻóỤĲ򿪣׼õĻõƬƵ
Թ١
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һĿԨϣ֪ǲԵģʱ䣬ص㶼ʺģ˫ƺʶ㣬иԼӦðĿƿ˫۷·ǿס޷
Ӵ˲䣬˼ڣϲã΢΢ᣬ·߹ǧȴֻȫ̵һ·̣·ĿĵôȴôԶ
˲䣬ֻ˲䣬ȴҲ·İԶ
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ͦεˣʿӣӢͦıӣ촽īӥ΢ŨڵĽü..һжϤȴҲԵİǶǷûԵɵУȴԽ̡
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ǺԭԼĲһޡ
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ҪʵǣΪʲô˵ҺܾˣΪʲôҪˣôļΪʲô鰡ֻǸ½С߻ʦѣ֪ǸƵĺˣҲ̫˰ɡ
һӵʱ²ɱڳڡ
²ֻ˵˸ǡ֣Ȼһ΢ͺţһſơ
ôˣ죬ߡ
Цã֪ô£ҪԼȥġ
ûü˵ʲôѾƳſڡ
һȹŮպߵ²յһûеʱ䡣
ˣҽȥˡ
Ҳǳشһܻذ칫ȥˡ
ںƼûע⵽²˵ʲôعʱ²ѾʧŵǱˡ
Ų֪εʲôطȥĽּʻЩ΢ԹޡĽӴԺܸܲһܲӣܲһ칫ңʲôõģɿʲô֪ͣܲģ¼ȡԼİ칫Ұ칫Լܲ߹꣬Ҳֻܲٻʱܽ칫ңܲöģĬĬİ߹ʹòܲõĻӦҲûϵƾʲôƾʲôۺ֣ȻȻĶеԹޡ
Թ޹ԹޣԼĹҪõģʱ칫ңܲðԼǾҲˡ
޺޵Ŀ
ܵͶķߺ޵Ŀ⣬ع̧ͷɻĿ
ˣʲôı鶼ջԼ֪ܲΪʲôرˣܲӦòôǳ˲ǣһ᳤õģ뵽⣬ɵЦһ
һſ޹Ƶ˵ͷҲصǰߡ
ǸŮ𣿳飿ΪʲôҪԼԼû˵һأΪʲôҪҰ
˻ССԴɻĸڳĺ档
·ϤȥԨ칫ҵ·
û̫Ѿߵ칫ſˡ
ţ˵ܲãˡ
ǱƵĴͳĮȻб
ȥ֮ǰֵһۡ
￴ǱպϵţҡҡͷЦ˭˭ҡ
ԨĶɫü
ͷޱĿеΣ˵ͲܲҪ
˹ȥһ֮ңͣ񹧾һһǲɫ
ǵȻˣԼʳĸԺѣԵѧѶҪܲˣԼȻҪǲˡ
ԨĿֲ˵֪Ϊʲô£ҪԼɡ
Լ뷨еЦԼûϵ¾ǸᣬԨһʱԺ
ԺһΣﵹǺܸ˵ģϾԼˣȻڸܵĽӴϰʱ䣬ԼһǸ˽ˣǹȽҪġ
ȻԼϲȣȻһҲƲ飬ģǣϲûҩˣﻹеŲסˣ׻Ԩġ
΢΢ͷǰ㣬Ľһܲã
Ԩüɽ
㵹˵ܲú𣿵ʱ˹ɲҪֵͷҿǱҪԹ
áҲ̲סҪ󷭰۵ʱ򣬶ߴڴѾõ
ʺ㡣
ڴڴˣǣʲôʲô˼ţͷġ
һҪ˵ϧҲҪȻԼԼѾԹˣ˭֪˱ԼҪĬ
С΢ţ..޿ɰ䡣
ԨĮȻһ˿ͬĹһ˼Ļʲô˼ûע⵽Ƕݵɫ
׳ţп㡣
һ²ǽһ仰˵ģԭ˵Լ·Һýûд㣬Ȼһ˳ۣǲҪԼĿˣ˵ҪؼԼȥǾͲˡ뵽˸£ٴԼӢ
Ц°ڣҲǫ飬Ҳá
Ԩие죬ϵɫδ䣬ΪǫĸлԼģû뵽ķӦЦݣǰ㴿ţƯĽƲʣǰྻˣǰңԶ޷󼰡
ԨƲͷȥЦӰ칫һݺϵݸ
Ȼ
һ¥̵ϣһ֮ҪһĲ߻
ЦݣĽӹϡ
¥̣һ£
Լŵһ˾ԼôİӣͦԼġȻԼе˵ġһʱҲ̫˰ɣ˵гʲôĶԼһ¾ԼԲȲ˯Ҳǿܸ㶨
̧̫Լ˰ɣ˵ԼģҪҡ
˱죬ί
ңһ𣿡
ԨԼԽԽſЦ¶ͬɫÿһֶôÿ˾泩
Ԩ΢Ʋ
һ𡣡
Ŷ














17ֻǻһ²Ӷ







ﲻ֪ҪʲôķӦϲõıչ¶ɣܸԼż氵Լ˾߻ܼ˾ܲԨͬһݷﲻˣ˵ò֪Ҫ˵ʲôźáֻܡŶһ
ڸ֮뵽ղԼȥ²ģȴĪĴԼ֪Լλأ
￴˿һԼòӦûİɡ
ܲãһ£ҵİ칫ģ
ԨƲһۣ۾İ칫ŵӡ

Ŷ
ǻȻ˽ƽ飬ʵﻹе𾪵ģû뵽Լİ칫ҹԸǲܵ£ôǲ˵ԼǺرģ뵽̲סͬʱֳЦԼ顣
֪ղ²ΪʲôԼˣΪԼܲõʲôݣȻܲΪʲôԼۿԲŻԴԼġǸĳԨһۣҲѹԨˣǳǰˣԲŻߺ޵Լİɡ
ЦһϰͱˣĲһõĿʼ
￴һŷһ̨ƻԵİ칫ζƻԣԼҪþõģϧûǮڵˣҲеˡ
ǺЦ§ǵƹԨİ칫ԼҲĵԣԱߵԨһۣԨԼ֪ʲô飬еε΢΢ʼ磬ķеϡ
Ԩ벻ֵĵȻķӦӦøе𾪵𣿲ӦɻԼΪʲô𣿿ֻССһ£ͷ·һжȻġԺܶµķӦԼϣʲô
ҪΪʲôģ֪Ҳд𰸵ģԾ͵Ȼ֮ˡȻԨӴ࣬Ըе˽ˣʱǲҪɵģʹ֣Ը⣬ôҲġ
칫ﾲֻżֽŵɳɳ
Ԩ΢΢ͷԿʹͷķֽšȴŮĿӨӨ񣻳̵ĽëһССӰ˫γרעĴϣ̲סҪȥһ
ԨԼ뷨ջԸκӰԼģԵһ˲ԵͷʱֻǺں̲סԵŭһӶˣֻҪҪģһ취ȥõųԼȤԲŻԼİ칫ҹġ
ȫǵ¥УֻҪһרĳ£ͻȫĵͶ룬һų⣬һʮִŵˣֻҪԼ϶ģ˵ʲôҲıġԨֻԵ۽ڵ״̬ǲע⵽ġ
ԨһĻȣרĵͶ빤
ڰǵϿС룬صõĶ
˶е㽩ӲĲӣɬ۾ŬգգۣãǺۣǰѾϰһͿһϣҲûǺ˵¡
ͷԱߵԨȥ˵ĸӲôúӢ߹󣬿ϧһ㡣
Ҳ²ŮĵģŮ˵ǿᣬ
￴ˣ񣬸ɴֳСɾµ°ͣЦ֪кʧ֮
ԨտʼǶֽ̧ͷʱѾ֪ˡ˵ԨרĹһĶãҲܰúԨﲻͬĵطһɱǿˡ
֪֮һԹүĲƽרĹΪʲôעˣӰ쵽Ǻܲƽİ
ԭǲģ󵨵ĶԼȫϰʱ䡣
Ԩתͷü΢ʣˣ
ӳѹˮĴգգеĻ˵⣬ֱ˫ӥһеԼʲô£ͻɻȥ
ûеˣһ¡ܲãѵ𣿡
ЦԼǳ˰ôһܿСѾˣ꣬˭
Ԩǳ˳飬ԡ
ӵ𣬳°һ۾ֱֱĶſԼɵ𣬻ýڡ
ȻһЦ滨俪ҪģȻʱϰʱ䣬еΥԼԭ򣬵ССһʱҲʲô
Ҳ˵Լ֪ܣΪʲôøеܵ飬Լϲ˱ʾĽ֮⣬ʲôܵģһֵó޵ΪĹֻҪԼģҪ󵨵ȥȥȡηη
һˡ
˵ֳһЦͷרĵĿֽš
Ԩо֮ɫ۽΢΢Ц⡣
ô᲻ءȻԸôɣҲͦԼģȻǸеġҲеĸáԨ⣬䣬ߺ޶ϲá














18Ե緹







ͷһӣѾʮˣԨ緹ʱ䡣
׼ʱ
ܲã
ԨͷҲû̧Ӧ
̧ͷſȥǸԹԼĳ顣
һ
Ǵڲ輸ϣתĶԨܲã緹ڲ輸ˣ÷
Ԩ̧ͷһۣ֪ˡȥɡ
ɵۣʲôôǹŴòʱĶԻֻûǳԱʱźѡԨֻ˳һۣﵹʼǳеˣԨˣܣǴĲҡ
ɲԼʲôң˵ǰ˭һģֻðԨѡֻԼôĵȥգҪǸ˻رԼͬİʹԼԺʹ֪࣬˵ס
ĿԨһۣԲײĽǶȵһʩʩȻ˳ȥ
ޱԩװ׵ְһԹ޵İۡ
ԨеĸֱʣŤͷ
͡
Ȼ䵭Ǻ˵ҲȻ£ǰÿ춼緹ġ
һ£ɻָָС̵ͦıӣ˵ɫȴһ䣬Żŵվſڱȥ
ˣҪ緹ˣܲá
ԨһסƤɳϣ¡
ԨһӾ֪ڻʲôҪϻȥԼԱȻ°ʱ䣬ǲȥģҲġ
˵ԱֻǸڶѣʵǺŭģЩʣǸＱŻؼҰˡԨǼԨҪʱˣֻб˼ķ֡
һŻؼҸ⣬̫Ͷ빤ˣԵ͸ˡҪŰңô죬Եô죿
һ侲һ˵ϸС¾ͻʧ侲ôСֵġ
ﱻɳϣԸҪԼؼȥԺʲô˵
ǣˮĴۣ˳Ԩ½ǣ˼ధ֮⡣
ܲá
Ԩһۣץס°ڵ֣˵һΣԷ
򿪲輸ϵĴӣóУһƵǰһ˫ӵԼǰһ֣죬ŵĳ
죬ޱȴŵĳźзеί
Լֻؼȥ󷹶ѣڳ壬Բ÷Ǹô죿ȻѾúܺˣ뵽͸ίˣԼǸ磬ΪʲôԼȴҪ԰һͷһҲǸ硣
˻׼Լ˵ͣǾ죬ĲһİԵ
ధ̾
Ԩһ̧Ķ
ʱȻġ;
һ񣬼ææͳֻԨǱ񣬰½
ǱߴԵ硣
صҽû취ؼˣ緹ô죿
ſü
ԼһͼķͻɱƵģͷߡ
Ƿ
磬ġûؼңֱӵڤȥˣӪڤҵĴ֪ġҲҪŸϻˣһᰴʱԵġ
üëչ˿һ
Ǿͺãڤ˵лл
Ǳ߳彭ڤ˼ü
ڤ֪ʲô˼һεЦ
һġĳԷԹ˾õķܳ𣿡
һЦһԱ߻ĳˡ
ҲóԷõģϰ˺ܺáϰʲôҾͳʲôɫӪúܡ
˵ƳһۣЩƵζ
Ԩüɫδ
ԣǲţе˷ܽԵĸ磬һϰϰ
ǸҪԶһ㣬ϰԵĺ÷ͻ᳤ˣܳԶپ;ܳԣϰǮǡ
ĥĥСֽ˼ҵ˰̣ͱ˼ҵߡ
ԡ
ǱааЦ
ڡ
￡Ťƣ뵽˻Լҧҧ˼ΣűסССĿ
е壬úóԷҹˡ
ҲҪúóŶݰݡ
ֻһۣ޺޵ӣǸе׵ķС
ɫζȫķˣһȻǮˣԸзôḻ
Ͳ˷Žһζ
˿ڷ߽߱߶ռ˷һð±⣬ü˵ۣ±Ƶġ
Ԩһֱԣͷβû±⣬ü쵽ﷹһ±⡣
￴Ķ´ϲ̫ˣԼڷѵģЩô죬˷ѣںԭϲԣͽˡ
ᴽһĻȣ뿪ڱʾܿ԰Щⶼˣ˭֪Ԩǿһֱûջȥֱ죬һĸм˻ȥ
Ԩɫҿ϶϶е֮ɫԼһ¶¶ֵɫԣһû´
һſεСΣί
ǲ³ģ˷ѻġ
ǣֲԣΪʲôԼôడڼԣԨҲӡ
üίίĽǿ±⣬Ǻˣǣǡ..














19±粨







ԨίĲΪǿȥʱмһ飬
Ŀί첻ſ
Ԩô˿һֱŤϳԷСӣֺֺϲӡ
ģϵı黹ΪҶҵʥּͳݷ
졣
ǳ̵ĽëֱֱĿԿһᣬǳ˳飬Ĳ鲻Ըǿ޺޵ҧ
ԨóѣҲķſҲûз£Ķעʱǿ˳
ԹŭĽǿԼнȥ⣬һİУǲԾ΢СĻȡ
԰ԼвԼǺܸ˵ģҪⰡֲ׼˷Ǽƺһ»Уɣ뺦ԼأҪףʲô񿴵ЦˣȻᣬЦݣûпΪԼ˵Լ˵Ļôٴνˡ
뵽⣬±ƺûôˡ¶õЦݣԨһ¡
ǿȥԨһƵǰ
￴ǰðеȻ֪ԨǴʲôطģղһֱİûʲô;ĶԼǰˡ
ɻɻ˿˿ĿҪðˣЦſԨĺڣҲ֪ʲôζ
Ԩץ׼ʱּһ˿ûίɫֻɵЦĿԨԹԵ죬׽ʡ
Ԩ⣬Ȼ֪ΪʲôһӱôԨΪôһǲĽӸղıͿ֪ġԼµûȻԺͲʳˡԨΪԼ뷨еɻԼΪʲôҪֻҪShiiteģͲԥġ
ɵЦųԨ±⣬ԨĿŵСʱֻɫһ䣬嵽䣬ſڵͰ
Ԩɫһ䣬һƬ棬һֽӲıһ˲ͽֽݸµ
Ż
ӹ쵽ǰֽҵĲһ죬
µȫղųԵͬһ˸⡣
˺ģԼԸԵģȴƫƫҪԼԣԼעʱһԼأںˣϵҲµøɸɾˡ
Ƶˮ²ˣߺһҪذϵ
Ԩֿ죬һѰס̶ᱧ칫һſȥ
µȫɫҰףͷԷ裬Ԩ§֪ҪԼҲûȥЩˡģһаܵĺĻ
ԭԨ칫ﻹһ䷿ֻа칫һһŴ󴲣һӣһС񣬿ռ仹ġԨƽʱ칫ʱϢĵط
ʱģҲû˼ȥעͻȻֵķ䣬˵ԨΪ磬ѾֲˣҲûʲôġ
Ԩﴩ侶ֱ߽һţԭһ䣬
Ԩ·վϴ̨ǰŤˮͷʾڡ
Ԩһֻε§סϸ͵֫סһء
･ĻָһЩһֳϴ̨ϣһˮڣ˼Σоеɬζûˣ̧ͷ
Ԩ״ֽе㱿ֱŵȴʮİϺϵˮ飬ϸϸİֲɡ
Ǳƺ˸һֽĹ⡣
㶵ĿԼš
˸ҡҡͷԼղµۻˣŻ
§ԼɢԴԴϵ͸һ뼡ȵģģ
ʱղķʽԼģ৵һ£еһӿǺŲҰ׵С
Ԩû뵽ι±µɫҰףԶģݳӣողŵԼļҲ̫һ㡣磬Լ̫˺òã˼˵ʲôҲǸһ޳Ŀ̫꣬˵㡣
˭֪ȻԼԵ˵㣬Ҳ˳ĳˣҲȫԼ룬ǾеǷʹ
Ҳûע⿴ķһѰٴκᱧ
ڰɬ죬һʱûע⣬˫ž˵أʱûֻûæ§ס˵Ĳӡ
ʶƣոһĺΣ
ﲻ̧ͷҿʱֻĻŵ㣬ܵǿеһ㡣Ѹղ˸¶˾֮⡣
Ԩʲô顣
Ԩŵϣ΢΢
̧ͷϻЩΣķɫѩ׵ļɷˣ΢΢ʹüۣеɬϣ΢Ұ׵ķᴽû˵
ԨֱֱĿ⣬һһֳڴϣӣһֲǴڶǰ˳ڵ鷢¶౥ĶͷֲůָĦ
סˣС΢ţ㶵Ŀޱ
ָ˳üһɫգղŵǷڶʵɫķ󴽰꣬˳ĴΣظ
һһʶգգˮĴۣ΢̵ĴУůůģһ顣
ɴ۾ˣ˱ĮȻ˵ɫȡ
ӦûԼİɣ뵽Լһ£̲סٴκ
ԨȾϺεСȻһеҵջ֣ļϣ۾
ڴϣ׼
˵ͷҲص˳ȥ














20ܿҵĹ







￴ʧĸߴӰ㶵ģûӸղŵлعָһԼĴ꣬·滹¶ȣɵɵЦ˿
һֿˣԨһ¿ˮ˽

˼£û
Ԩüְڴͷϣˮݸ
˳Ľӹ˫סˮһЦŴŴ˵лл
Ԩû˵
ˣùӣתߡ
һסԨͣס˽Ųתͷ˵
üۣеС˵
ǸҪϢģɲҪҹŶ
˵գգ۾һղŶĴ
ԨüʱĹʣеССĲá
Ĭһᡣ
Ԩűɽ˵޹ĻΪ˺ͬ⣬ܳˡ
ͷߣ˳ղԵĻ٩ġ
һۣ߳ŭ
ܿҵĹʡ
ԨĿһᣬƵĵ
ۡšת˳ȥ
ڴϿ컨壬ǲԾ
һᣬĻָһЩǸпտգǾе㷢
˵ĴԼӣԾͺˣԼӦӦô˹أ
ԼǸԱʹϰ岻ʰɡ粻Ը񣬲СİԼˣǾ͵òʧˡ
ǶĺöĶӣһƬˡ
Ԩʱ򿴵ľ龰̲ס˹
æջ֣εЦЦŵƤ࣬̿ˮһµĴӴһֻˡ
ԨǶһüһСˤˡ
ðƤݵǰ
һڿˮЦŽӹֿһۣҨһƤŽζ˲ǻȥտյθһµůůС
۾¶Цӣǡ
Ԩ˲ʧ񣬿Ҩһ࣬ſɫĴ꺬סǶ˵еӡ
Ԩеһң͵Ʋͷһߵ˳ȥ
￴һȥıӰԣҲȥ̽ǹһҪΪˣǲءƤ࣬¶ǳǳѣļ
࣬С˸ãɻشϵһ컨塣
۾ʼģ컨Ŭ˳Ƥ˯˯Ҫأվǵֵס˯˹ȥ
Ԩһļֱִǩ½ýֲʧ֣ͦŵһߡ
תתӣ̧ͷһǽϼԼԴ׵ıӣʮ
֪ôˣ
վȥ
ϵ˶ţһֵͷ£һַСϣϸķ˿ƫڶǰ¶һǰ𪱥Ķǣ˫ˮĳγ۽ţĽëһСȦӰСֱͦıź΢΢ʶűĴཱུģЦ⡣
˯ʹǰ㴿ɰ
һִų̲סӽ˽ԽӽͷԽ˽⡣
Ԩһڴأ˫ۺνһ˲˲Ĵ˯ˡ뵽Ϊ̲סü
˯úܰοȫϰʱ䣬ǻܣҪԼҪĹʡ뵽мֽＸ޹ֿɫϹ˹
ⷿĴҲǴڵģס⡣
ﶯ˶ͷµֻ˫ֱǰ΢΢
ˣĿյǰԨҪ¶ȵģԨȣյǿõ˵㣬ÿҹ칫Ҷ˵Ƶģ쬵ġ
üǸеˣǰ˫ʶĴ˴꣬Ľë˲Ժ˫ۡ
ԨҲ
˯еԺˣŬգգۣһʱ㲻ģԼΪʲôģ˫ۣǰģӰ˻νС΢ţȵĽ㣿һµ
Դһ˲ΪԼУȻԼ뵽ˣþˡ
ӨĴããĿһĶڴصˣ΢΢˳ȥҪȷǲԼĻþ
ȶеԵļôʵĴУѵⲻǻþô
Ԩ֪˯ԺˣҲû뵽ԺӣϲԺɫɰ۰ɽԼգ۾һգգĿÿһϸСĶ顣
ô·𴥵֣ͷ˲
΢΢εŲܣܲã
Ԩ˵
ôⲢǻþԼһϰ࣬Ȼ緹±⣬Ż£Ƥ࣬ȻԼ͵ڴ˯ˡ죬Լǰ˯ģʹ˯Ҳֻ˯Ӷѣ쾹˯˰ȣǲΪⴲ˵㡣Լ˯˶ã
͵͵һۣɫ糣ֺƵһЦ
ڼˣ
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Ԩĳһֵĸоһз·һΣֻǴÿԶԶĿһۣȴĳее壬ֶһиеů
ԨϵðȫתͷһȷҲϵˣӡ
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Ԩüûʼɵ¼ȡǲȷ顣
죬İһŷŽ
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γԷǰԨǱ³çıԸԵĶǰЩˡ
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ⲻʳǽʲôĻ˵Ϲ
ԨֵĿһۣĵˡ
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Ԩͣһ֪ϲԺʣǳǵϺԵġ
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ԨһۣƺʲôҪ˵ջû˵ʲô
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ԶҿܾﲻԾʵ˵ﲻԾƺʲôطԾֻͷա
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ƾ˫֣һ߶Ĵ
ûˡԨ˿ܿ²Ĵ˿أҵţƺҪһ̽
ԨƺܲˣԴӽһŮ˵ĵ绰Ժ󣬱ͰŵԵøˣһžͰѰ§ڻֶţòҡ
ﲻ֪ǸŮ˭֪ΪǸŮ˲ŻôģҲȥʡҵĶܲã˵û˻ŶһģЩŲ£ʱᱻ˿ĳȣ
촽ҧ˱úȵĿǻȵɨһ飬ͷҲ˱ǵ÷顣
ͨ죬ӣ΢ţҵĴϢţ³Ϣ
ԨϢסĲӡһööӡǣȴֲڵĴֳ½˳ĸǰĺӧշתѹꡣ
͵Ĺ𣬲ŷ˵
ԨԨ.š.
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˳壬źΣ濪һ䵭÷ڰ׳ƹ£ž⣬ӯӯ
Ԩ֣̽ͦɵΣѹ꣬ȥ
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Ԩѹɳϣһ·˱ǣϸݵԲСɵĶȥ
̱ӨҵĴϢ
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ףžȻˡ
ҹһ㶣ֳɤӽеԨүˣӡ.
ֻ͡ûھͱǰ龰ˣֱ㶵ĵɴ˫ۣһԵӡ
һҵ¿㣬Ԩֻʣһڿ㣬ѹһȫˣųȵϢ
˭֪ڸʲô
ȻǸ˰ͷؿڣҹҿòҹҸҿ϶һǸˣǸĺܺõˣ˵һꡣ
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ҹҴһ˵ĻĲһĴڨڨİֵ ǲңҽġ˵һɳƺԼڷͷﱻһǿǵıƣţһļơ
죬һ֪ҹңֻ֪ҹʶԨȴ֪ǾôҪõѡѧԼӣԺô
ԨĻϣҹûпҹʶȤƳȥǣƺûҪȥӡ
־ԨĻ̧ͷ
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ţȴֲ̫Ķ±ҹҿһ·ҹһǻȶԼģЩ̿֡
𶯡ԨԼؿڣסҹҵߣԼװϡ
õףԨԵĽһ㣬һѰᱧ
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Ԩ˿ŭǶɳ
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㲻Ҫ£ڣһģ˵ɡҹΪǺԨ˵
ԨĿǣһԡ
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ԸҹҲţôԸԨһǸȤˣûʲôɺµģ˵ʵҰѵ
ѧ˵ĶģԸģԨ¡
Ԩеûȣҹ
ԸΪʲôҹԴת
￴һµԨĵҰ

ҹǱԴ죬ɵƵ˵
ѧû£
ﵣǵĳ˳ҹҵ½ǡ
ģҹɵɵʵ.
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ﲻ֪˵ʲô֪ҹΪԼõģĵԼԼܵ˺Լѡġ
ҹһͷɵϡʲôǸȻϲģôҲûʲô˵ֻҪÿľͺá
ҹҺȻ֮ͨеο
ллѧҹúܺãܿġ
ԨĿҹҷͷϵ֣ɫԽԽѿ
˾ȻԼңǸ
ע⵽Ԩɫƣתͷ΢ЦŶԨԨҹѧѣ
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ң
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Ԩĺһ
ҹ֪ƢϿƺ˵һִ˭ҲȰִզࡣ
ʱ侲ùͷʱֳ嶯˵ġ
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ҹԨļﲻߣ˵Ǿ˷߰ɣ
ҹһ۷Ź⣬ܳԵķǿǺҸ£֮ǰĲͳͳʧһֱߣֱŶûа
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ҹܲƽľԨȻôĸԸĸסһҪΪĳգ˼ʡ
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ԨϻϲЦݵĿڡ
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Ԩ˵Ļȷʵʵ˵ףԼһʱŲôģҲΪá
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Ҫѧ֪ԼԨ֪Լ϶ð̵İɡ
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һ˻ؼң󷹣㶵ԣӵĲˣһʳҲûС
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ҷϻңִģһ˻Ầµġ
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ǸжΪգЩã۾мĿȴ·޵⣬ǰԼģܳԵ࣬ܲжء
ҹұ񿴵ͨ죬Ҫ֪ѡޡۣԼϲĲˣһԴ󷢣˱˻һ޹ļһ˵
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ôҹҲദʮ꣬ƵľˣʹڵģҲά򶨣һƵж
ҹһҪطȥһЩ飬ҲûиʱԨѵһĳԴ׵ıŤ顣
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˿ԷЩӦԨʲôҲû˵תߣкһ
ǸԨôѵ..ɣϰԱסһģ
ڤĴ̽̽ͷһ۾ͿԨıӰϾϳѧУɢűϢ˧磬ڤֻһ۾Ͱͷ˻˳Ե·˵ԣǸǸˡ
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кŴòͣڤӣеԼԱߣԼԨڤŷЩ
һֱ΢ЦŸ˼вˣָǸвˣҲûʲôθڣֻ˽ڤΪƤࡣ˼ﾫ񲻺ãҪһĸǼвˣǵգԹԵĳԷ
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΢Цſڤ𣬳ԲͳԲ꣬ʣµĵ˾ͺãԣԡ
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ڤЦˣ¶ǳǳľѣͷССŬĳ
Ԩͷβû˵һ仰ޱĿǣڤӣһȻǸȾĮĽϰĶôôų
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ϰο˵ģڤ;ͳְ֣۾ͱ裬ҲģôÿҶϲڤǲǣ
ڤ룬˵ͷ
һŻشԨһĲˣί͵
ϰˣڶѾָ߰˰ˣһȥϰ࣬һһ˾ͺ޺޵Ŀ
Ŀ⣬ѾֲĸԨһ˰칫ҡ
ߺ绰˵˵㲡ˣҳ鲻ʱȥ㣬ûߣҪúñءںõ
ĵ٩Цãֻ÷ϵӦѾˣõģһչ˺Լġ
ҹƺ̼ҵ̫ܣͷԨļ䷹ԣǲ£ͺǣ˵ķš
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ԨûˣΪҹ䷹ˣܳȥһţǸŮˡ
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ЩȣŮӵûие⣬ƺͲµţ΢ЦŴкԨҿԽȥ𣿡
￴˿ϵ䣬Ҫסˣ﷭Ÿӵֲ˼˼ҽϾһŮӣ漴΢ЦӦɣҰ
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½ƺûиоŭٽȥûͱԨ˦˵ϡ
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½ٻΣѡԨʱҲţһʼӡ󻹺ãԨĶôǸŮ½ٸŷŶˣﻹǿͿİˡ
ҲԨ£ֻߵʱܾһ㣬֪ԨǸįˣֻĮαװԼϣԼߵôįܿɵ飬΢Цͻǵģ˵㡣
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ԨͷǸרעĶŵ԰ָڼϲϷӣìһһĶѻ
ƺѾϰôһߣǰŮֻһھͷֿģԼҲȥġԸЩŹֵӣԼȴôãĸ˰ɡԭѾôʱ˰Ƽ¼ˣԼȴһûҪ뿪˼
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ǸѾжˣܿ죬ԼͻʧȥȤˣҲֵֻѡ
Ϊܿͻᷢ£ȴֶ˰ʱ䡣
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ҹҶķӦ⣬ԨҲн찡
֪գֺαصأ
ҹȫһѵֻ
ٷϻ˵˵
˵˵ô׸ȥBˣܵȥˡ
BУ
HеBֻ·̣ڳĻͿԵˡ
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û˰æԵġǽѲѲ
ҹȻԹ˱ʺֽдϵַС
ҪԸĻǧҪǿġ
ѡʲô֧ġֻԨԵԸһԼķʽ˱˵ķġ
¡
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͵ĹӲţҹұݴ














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ڤ˯߲̫ãòײԺ˯ˣ˯Ĳһѹˡ
Ժ𴲣ſɰ˯£Ժߵűߣ͸èۣͷңɫƣȴҵˣΪĽٷˣŵüһ߶µվţ֪ô졣
š
ӿڣɳӲ
ڤŵܣպײ
ﵣǵĿʵڤôˣ˭棬£ȥڤƵԵĻսűߣʪգǱ˭ʱסˡ
ԨЩʧ۾˲ɳƼš
ԥһᣬ㲵ӣǲģš

һͱ§һ̵ĻϤºͻŴĿʹ㡣
Ҳˣȵô㣿ʲôſҸ硣
һ§ŲĽڤһȥǸȻ§ˡ
ԲˣϤˣΪ춼һ˵־ϰ죬Ȼ͵͵￴ģ֪ˡֻҪ˵һڣһ֪Ǹܽڼ֮ˣȴûǮȥֹ˵־ 
ʱڡԸ̬ȣ֪֮Ĺϵ򵥣Ҳȥʣ֪Ǹзִˡ
ȻʹȥBУЩ׷ʲôˣԨ˿϶Ѳ˹ϵ
ŸģȻεúܺãһյ㲣ôҲβסġ϶˲ãŻøĵġ
ܹҪʲô
Ԩôɡ
.
ԨһֱŵĽţ﷢е㲻ʪ͸֪Ƿˡ
ԣɧˣȷ֣ȥϢһ¡
硭..
Ĳ鲻Ըķ֣˫ۻǾĿ
İԼһ㣬Ԩɿ֣ҷȥϢ
ӣ϶ҹ˼ӵĳϹˣַ٣Һûзʲô£˻ҿôʱĳ
Ԩƺû˵ʲô˫Ŀһᣬ˫Сûлع֮ǰȥ
Ժͽڤסˣ㲻ʲô״
Ԩƺҵ˹еСţЩ굫һĴȵĿǻշתòҵһǡ
ڤŴ۾ǵûȵˣ𾪵Ԩ¶ˡ
ԴЩѵʱѾ˸͸ˣ˫Ѿʼˡ
ʶԱ߻ԺͽڤڣʱǺŬƾǰӡ
ԨԨſˣſ..
ﱻµú˵˵û˵
һԵԴӾѹʶԼĸԼƤǿˣʱðɣһץסԨ󱳵·⳶
Ԩƺûһ£Ҫȥҵİס
ԻҪЦԣȷ֡Ұȥ
Եۣڤͷſ
ԨյЩԺҲûǷߣʼս߬ĵ֣ܵƵġ
ߡ
ԨԺĴϣ֣֪ûϳǰ˭ֲֻ߬뿪
һúͿ˻Լ֣ӿһۣͬʱ־ìܣŬԼҪ׾Ͷҡ
ԨģҲߣȥҩˡ
֣
Ҫߣ룬Ҫߡ
ԨĻţԾɽץֲš
һֱοҪֲ֣ġ
һԿ˽ѵ֣۾
㣬ҳҸĶߡ
ΪѣҪ԰ԼҩǷߺ޵ɫҲ˼ڡʱٳûиĽڤҩˡ
磬
мĿ˽ڤһۣлл㣬ڤ𡣡
ڤ𲻸ҿԨҴҵֵˮݵϡ
Ժݺݵĵ˽ڤһۣŤͷڤӵĲж
һ߶ԸԨĺһιҩһŰҩι˽ȥ
Ԩҩڰɫ˵أ컹пΰɣȥһᡣ
ԲŴϵˣǣ
ģһˣѵܰҳ˲ɡչͿˣȥϢ
ơ
Ĳ鲻ԸŽڤ˳ȥ
һԨʪ·ΪҲʵ·ֻȥԣԸӲˡ
·ָһʱѾˣȥͣԺͽڤȥѧУȥԨ̽¶ȣƺתԷġ
˯ֱĳˣæһϣۣһ˯ҲûС
ΪԨͬʱҲеɻ󣬲֪ʲô£ԨҪҹðԼ
ӡеոӲֱͦıӣĴ꣬ÿһϸÿһϸ΢Ĳ֣ԼϤģҪǡ
΢΢겻˲٣ǹúܺΪʲôݣ
ü΢ǲ˺Ѱ飬ǲᣬǲǺܿգ
ҪԼܰͺˣ˵飬Լظ
ǻҪ᲻ÿգ㲡
˵ʱԨѹˣܺеգѾˡ
æˮ࣬ҩ
ԨһֱƵĶƺҪһ¡
ﱻǺ죬ҨŵߣԨƵĿûпڡ
԰ٳҩ
ﲻȥ۾ֻö졣
ԲûθҲҪһ㣬˲ܳҩ
ΪûθڣȰ˵
ԨֱֱĿһᣬһѳ˻Ūϵ࣬§ȥ
Ԩšʲôࡣš..Ҫˣ
˵
ԨĺףɳƣϵĶ˿ɡ
һֶ࣬һֻӣҴֻΪΪ
һǷЪǺ죬Ϣ΢ΪԨĺҲе㲻˳һ˲ƽ˺
㡭
ΪʲôҪֲ˼ʳڡ
ԨǶĿҲҪ˵ʲô죬ȻԸˡ
ĹУԨȵû뿪֣żߣ漴Ѹٵıܿˡ
˶û˵չ
࣬ҩ
Ϣһ£ܿͻˡ
Ҫ£ȴԨһץס֣
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ԨһְԵĿǡ
һ£û뵽ô˵ضһ£̲סĸеˣܿ侲
ԭΪԼԿúܿģ˭֪ʵﻹǲԸ΢ϣ
Ϊʲô
㲻ѾôҲѾûüֵôΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪһȥ
ҲҪȥôİ㣬ʹ֪ûн£ʹ㴥ҵĵߡ
ǣ££ȥûþҪ뿪ҳܲûһʧȥ
Ҫȥ
ȻԵ
ЦҪһȥʲôأ㲻кܶƯкҲ¶ˡ˾ҲתúܺáһȥʲôأΪ˭ȥأ



50()







Ԩһᣬü㲻ǰô
еЦЦ
ǰ˵ģ뿪ԺȻǰѡ뿪˭ãԸӴֻ˼жա
Ǹоˣ˵ǰ񱡣ȻԨһôͲȥЩŮ˻ˡ
ԼѾ˵ˣֻҪһһôԼƱҪ뿪ûô󷽣˷Լˡ
гʹˣǰ㣬ڻҲڸһʱбˡ
ԨĬһᣬᶨĿڣûбˣֻǴ꣬ʲôûֻҪʯѡ
סˣԼˣ֪Ԩǲ˵ƭԼģ

ЩҡԼ־ᶨԨʱֻһ仰ܶҡԼľ
ԣһȥ
Ԩ˵Ȼ֪ﻹʲôԥġ
ﻹǿЦԵҪȴôҲȥˣȻ뿪𣿡
׼뿪Զ
Ԩ˲䡣
һ߸ԼҪĴ̫ϣͬʱƲס̳ϲá
㣬ʲô˼
Ԩһס֣ḧֱ
۾
ۿͶṻ
㣬Ǹˣǹʱɢҫۣǿǿı顣ʱҫŹâ޹䣬ԼƲ۾ֻݺݵİԶҲ뿪Լߡ
ңҰ㡣
Ԩ΢΢ƳۣϷ˺ΡҪ˵ֶ˵̸ֱһӻҪѡ
סˣ˵ʲô˵ԼԼǲˣң.𣿴ϣ£Ҳ漣Ļ˺ԼԼӵдİԨİ
㶵ģ۽ˮ
ԨЩֽţʹȥˮôˣ㲻𣿡
һᣬһ΢ЦҪҩͷ
ޡ
Ԩʵǲ֪ ΢΢ԸᣬҪǱ˸ǰޣͰȥˣĻȥǶԷİֻʹ޴롣
Ԩ޷ֻöסźϵ˵Ĵꡣ
ûзſҵĻӦǡ
棬ܿܿãã˺Ѿеˣ쳾ϣжԼһ룬ҪԼкϵһ硰ѣѣ졣
ȻԼˣôβԼͬʱҲһأ
žЩˣԨŴԽԽңҲֵ·
ʶҪʲôȻԼˣҲ飬ûԨǸˣôܷأ
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ԨƺֻҪһ˵ǣͻ̰ȥôԸⶼûá
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ԨĬţʲô顣
л֣̿ҪŶȻûȥĴ𰸡
ԨһץסͷĶͷе΢΢Ĳһʹɵϡ޵ϧ΢Ĵ͹ˡԶҲбˡ
Ԩҡ
ôֿˣˡ
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Ԩϵۣպ塣
š
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ԨͷƳһۣר־Ŀ
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Цҡҩͷ
ڤӵĿԨһۣæ˽ȥ
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Ԩ֪֮Ҳ⣬ʵ˵ϲϲԼôĿһ㶼⣬ֻĿֻҪﲻ뿪Ǿ͹ˡ
ʵҪĶֻ࣬Ҫһͺá
Ĳ仰ںܶʱǶԵģǶĳЩѾҵҸںδ˵еƫ׵ġ
ЦЦֻһʱ޷ܶѣһӾͺˡ
֪Ҳֻ̫ͻأһʱתѣҪ޷ܵĻ͸Ԩˡ
Ǿͻȥ
бڣţԼڷ⻹׼ܵĶôУԼŸʶԼĸ飬Ѿûһˣô̵ס
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ǹˣ֪Ѿѿһ˼㣬Ԩ£һδӣǺ
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Լĵܵܿˣǡ..
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ڤͨ죬ҿǣԹԵĽȥꡣ
￴˿ǣҸЦˡ



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ȻԨȥʱǻЩԨǸôˣȻ˭һӣİϣȴòĶжҪһƽúܡ
ȻԼͷβԨǸ˵ˣ˵˸Լһұ˾;Բ죬ȻҸ̫ͻȻ
Լᰮһˣһһֻרĵİһ
춳ɞǂeĐˣā룬ԏā^ԼǄeeλصһˡ
뷨˸ĹۣԭʱҲǻʵֵģ漣Ǵڵġ
ȻﻹЩţһжġõĳŵõİ
𣿡
ԨһԵ﷢ü̵ĶҲͣһ£ۻˣ§סʵ
ͷţϤ㣬¶Ⱥ͹ģӿ۵У̾һԼֺαطأǺܺԼѾǺ˵ˣܹԼһ
Ĺһ˲ţû¡
ԴӰһԨеĹؼֻҪĻʱŻᵽ˾ȥʱȤʱҲ⣬дһƪİ
ͲǺȰ߻ģϲдС˵С˵ϸůڵﱥܻӭʱŬѧ߻һΪҪһΪܽԨ߹
ԨѾ˺ܶ飬ʱġ
Ԩţ˾Żӵţܰʱ̡
ǰ̧ͷȻһЦҸҹԡ
Ԩ࣬ƺҪ޷ݣ֪𣿡
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Щ졣
Ԩ֪㲻ʲôɫǣǸڶƷеһÿÿ飬ǻŸֲͬʵķ棬γһջ
ûи߹ΪŵĵЦ΢΢ĴǣͷСɴǵ㻡ȣԷӯǵĶ
ڲձˣһ޹Ԩ޲ðڼԶҲñ˿κεһ飬˵˾ǲԸ˿
ڼҲǰٷְٵİȫǸƤҹҺ͸ߺԸֶָ׾ӵĽǼҲ䷹ԣռʱ䡣
ռһǿ
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΢Цţһ΢Ĵ[˵ôءҲֻǸòԣͷҲڶ˵еһѣҡ]
Ԩõü˫ĵ[˵ĶʵûԾ֪ԼжˣŻļһ]ԨݺݵһӯĴߺޣ[ԷֻǸڣģԶвͼ]
һЦˣס[ֻҵĺѣϲŮӣǻΪ˼]
[㵥֪ô֪ûôϲŮӣߣǰҲֻŮһ𡣵Ͳͬˡ]Ԩ˵ֱ׳
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ԨɫʹĿ˵С[Ҳֻͬϲѣһ¡]
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[㣬һֱǡ]ֻҪ׿˵һѡ΢΢һЦůůģҲǵġֹסĲӣ[ҹ]ﻹûԭҪ顣
Ԩ΢̵Ĵ꣬һƣ[á]δĴѾ
[š..Ԩ]
սϵ˫֣һ֮ĻӦǡ
һͷžͺջԨж͵ȡ壬һֽסϸݵ֫ѹԼϣһֻҲȲڣѹǰСɵͻ
[š..ԨҪ鷿]
ԼҪҹģô˵һỰݱּľˡȻԼҲ鶯ܲ鷿͡
Ǻòײҵ϶˵ԼĽ
[кβɣ]
ԨӼңſĴ࣬ı˳Ĵ£°ͣ˱޳Ĳ
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[Ԩ..]
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͵Ťӣ̵ͬ壬ĦѰο
[ԨԨ]
ԨŴͣð飬˳Ŷ们Ǽ䡣
ԨһĴһ˵İ칫£˫սҪԼϡ
[Ԩ]
ȸִĳȣеĲţ÷·ҪγѪ
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[Ԩ?]
ԨȻͣ¶ͷסĶͷ̫Ѩϵţδεĺˮ
[ԣԼ]
Ԩ޺ĴϢ
[Ԩң]
̣ΪѵĿһԨ˵ʱҲҲֻĻӦѣȥ󻶵Ķôó
[ԣ㡣]
Ԩ̧̧ȵĲλĦ̵ΰ꣬ߴš
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[š..]
͵ţ֪ҪԼҧҧ׵ĴǺ§Ĳӣ˫̫βĽĳȺȥ
[Ԩ..]
һͣȵĿԨĸоȺֿ
[ԣð¡..]
Ԩƣָ˫Σ΢΢꣬һҲ֧ţȥ
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ͬʱ
ĵϣ̵ʪľѣڴڵĴϢ
Ԩ˫ָ΢΢ϸ֫΢ŴϢĺ
[ԣԼ]
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ԨӴеһסβѸһ̧ͬʱ°Ȼͣסˡ
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[š.š]
鷿ڳŽصĴϢײżŴϢϢ
ڶҹҺ͸ߺͷһңȻǹսмۺ졣
˶ԨƺЩԾô˵أǱǰ˵ζǵ񲻻ô䡣ʱƺزЦ⡣ûɣǸҲЦ̫߳ˡ
ˮʱ򣬳ԨڣߺŲԱߣսĶʣ[ιҵǸǲܵʲô̼ˣȻҲЦȻۻˡ]
ڵǺ˸֨ţ[ҲˣЦҲǺġ]
ߺɵĿ[ⲻ㡣϶ʲô£ȻҲ]
뵽˵ǿƺԼ߳ܵĿŤĿҪðˣƫƫߺǲŹһֱвʳĴ𰸾Ͳݵơ
[˵˵ʲôԭǿɽ¶Цݣ]
ߺײײĸ첲С
[⣬ҡ]
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Ԩռʮ§ŤŤȻӲ˼ˣ԰龰˿
ԨŻŲߵˣֱӿˡ
[ҺĻû˵ء]
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[߲ߣǡ]
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[ǿˣǲòġ]
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[ǲ⣬Ҳ]
ԭΪԼҪõѣŻԵģˡ
[ô]
ԨֿʼԴˡ
[ҵѡ]
ĴҲԵ̫Ƶˡ
[ߡ]
Ǹ»ĴĺƤɳϣһ飬Ŀš
ԭţ֮ǰѾԨӵˣ֪һԸٿɳģȻҪһҪϲĶ
ȻһɳѾˣϾͳĵСѡ
ԨԼӢ߸еܽԨǹ߻ľӢ
۵ʱһԼϲ飬ڴɳĿÿοſžͻ˯šǰһֱ飬ǰææ׬ǮæȥԼߵˡ
ʱˣȻҪúһˡ
Ԩһֿɳ˯ˣеһߣĽëͶһСӰӯĴպţ΢΢̣񾲰
ԨĿ¶Ц
ԭԼһֱҪľôһԼˣĵڼԼƣĻصҵʱԿ
Ĳ˲ǰϸķ˿İڻﹾһ˽ůţԨһĶͷȲ򷿼ȥ
ԨҪ԰ǡССԲԲľƺʢۣ˷
Ԩǳ˳飬[ѾԹˡ]
ԴԼջԺǸϰַˡԼŲ߰ѣȻԼǲ뿪̫õģȻֻ֪õϰߡ
һԼôͷԸˣ˽ֲ£˸еİ취һֻš
ǣÿζԼԹһܵԼԣƫƫԼ־סЦǻ
ͶһԲҪˡ
ַġ
ԡ
Ԩ֡
Ȼ᲻ˡԨ˵ô죿
΢ۣ̾
һš
ԨЭˡ
Цˡ
ǺǣȻҪץסһ˻ǵץסθ
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