ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴȫתԻ֧棬ȨУ


 1 

Ǹֵˡ
Ȼ书ǺܺãԴҲرһ˶ûеĳ֪㳣֡
֣Ҳ֣·Ưľ£Ǿúܿ֡
ȴϵջ
ΪһˣļûĴôԺգôҲ书书ʹﲻ·ɴʦ־磬Ҳñ࣬ʹԴûаô⣬Ҳô賤ģĻֻעһӼ
ҵϵȫռˣԼѡ񣬵ͷ޶ۼ޶ֺۣв֪Ͻ޿ɾҩֻһ֮
ϵڱץ֮ʱһϢּڰʮ죬һͽᣬԼղصչʾȺͼ
û˻᲻ϲģѧ֮ˣԼĵڶһѺñ绢ֻǿһۣҲ㹻Լȥҫһӵġ
ϵȻ߳ţȥĥĥʶ棬ȻҲⲻǧɳǿͷСĵĸǰС
Ϊ˸ĸìܣŮͷأֲŮ̫ͷǻ
ڵȻܸˣôûԳԶţ챻ѧ书ѧʮҲ֪ԼǳͽȻƼʱ򼴱㿴д裬ԼҲĪô
ôһ·ɵͣͣ򽭵ʱѾǰʮһˡ
еΣУΪлиĿģǰݻԼδң콣봺ɽ
µȻϵµģδ޵涼ûռҺͷͽᣬ봺ɽҲЯŮǰȥϵ˼ҲȼԼδӣеס
򽭵ݣҲһ죬ͽῪʼǰôҲȼδһ°ɣֹ٣ȥʱδ޵涼ûϣͷϵ𡭡
ڴ˸£һǣг˲١
򽭵ؽ磬ЯԶҶۼȺ
С꣬ڸϽͽ˸ջõСæٺã˴ţȴһ¥Ѿˡ
ûֿλãתͷƹƹͷԲסӣпջˣڻ꣬һ¥ˣҪλ͹ԸŲλø
ڿԼ·̫ĥˡ
⣬һɣ٣пλ
һȴûѹջ˵·ֱֱġ
ѭͷһӣˣһ£ȥͷ΢Ц
ڴϲߵ˵£ٳӹ֡
ڣ̨֪γƺ
Է΢΢һЦ˸˵ĸо忡̽١
Ҳμͽģһ·û˵ˣںһô˳ۣ졣
ͷ£֡
̫ˣҲǣͬ·ɡںܸˣһ˵;įįȻϵ˵ģ˵ֻĪҪ´ǰ
΢ǰ꣬ĻǸһǳģĳʦҲԳ
ˣ򽭵Ŀջֻ¶ˣǲ⣬ͬסɣǰͷ̽һסһ㡣
ô˼˫˵鲻ϵĻ
úȤһ·Ҳ̫ġ
չӣǲǽˣ
ô֪е㾪ȡ
̽ͷ͵͵һԼҹӣûʲô飬˵ΪҿıȻòţȴóһ״֣һļӣȴûУռµ
ľô۽ˣȻϵ˵˲żüãһͯʷļѧȻⲢʲôܣҲ˶Ƿϸ£ͯˣָΣ
´ԼλʶѣȴȻڿջṩĳϣһƵϡ
·𿴵ʣһЦײм޷ߣδ֮Цˡ
˸е͡ԣԲ𰡣ûб˼Ǹղûע⡣ȴе棬ѵҲϰôѹһ·Ҫͯ
ôţĿʹϺܶͬ⡣
֪ʲô΢΢һЦ衣
Ŀջ֪ʲôʱ֮࣬һů硣
ӴôôˣŵĵطҲûˣ
죬һĨӰڿջſڣһͷ˿ɷ费ǰͷϴŸΣȫһװ磬ε۾ֻ
㻹ҪŵĵطһˣͷŮӽ֣ǣڶＸصȴֺۻ룬һһգڲ㰴಻סѪӿæǿѹȥٿˣ̬󶼸һԱߵȴǵЦţ̽۹۱Ǳǹģδ
źŮӽ󺺣һһҪѵѣŮȴ˿ΪŭӯӯЦǲ֪λĴԸūЪһЪأ
˵һߴ˳ߣмץסᱡһȴ֪ģ˼ҵӶûմϣԴı֪Ůǲãջ
λΣɷλŲһָūҲЪЪţŮԽԽǳһ
ѦĻǳ˵ģؿ˸۽ȴߵϡ
ӵˣҲ˵һ롣

 2 

ѦЦӯӯ绨ȻŮ̫ḡȴ˰˵һ仰
ˣ
ūҿټһӣĸˣūҲǱδ󺺣⣬СͲи㼷һô
Ů飬ˮ⵴䣬֪ʧ˶ġ
ǿ¥ȥЪϢӾøɡ²豭ͷ̽վһһҷԱߣæţɲ˶Ůһͺܲǡ
Ѧһαӵ˳ףеƣҲŲǣֱؿͯһץӵ¥ŷһرĵطϵġ
ˣջ˶ˣͽĽʿȥˣȴʱûзһģԶעһᣬ
˭˫㲻еģԺһȦûУȻ̽Ȥ
ڿ˶Զˣļ磬Ѧͷһۣڸղóλ
ɼǵýǲеģ
롣꽣ȣԣʮˣĴƼҵС㣿ԱҲԡ
˸ղ˵ħ֮£治ɫɼڹʵǽ֮¡Ѧ޷еζ
ͽûһǧҲа˰٣һЩֵĸֱȻҲǰ˼û㡣󺺲ΪȻˮͷ
ūҵķˡѦﳯһЦһڲûرûǺ
ȿȿȣ
Եģ˽һֱҪҵˣ
Ƕôȥˣ˵ͲܲܿһȽŲ˾Ͷˡҡҡͷ
ǲǣ֮ҶȤúܣѦ۲תּҵĴŲ˭ܽģʱֻ˵֪ʲôͷˡ
ӣղǸŮ˺Ƶġ̽üͷղζڱǼƣһ뵽ŮĿԼҹӵ뵽ӵķӦޣǼҹôɰˣ
ᣬˣҡҡͷڵҲЪϢɣ㷽꣬Ӧȥһɾѡ
ͷ粻ҪˣоͦɶġԽԽС
ʲôû
̽ȴˣЦ̵Ǻ졣
ȿȣûʲôھͺˣȥϢˣ˵һ̹ţˡ
ԣҲͲȥתͷ̽óīֽ⡣
ӣô˻أ
٣õǵӣ˴ȥдߵ˵ΡȻֻƾնһȺˡ
ӣϲܹҲǵ㡣Цġ
ˣղǾ仰ʲô˼䲻ˡ
֣ء̽ʱش𣬰һ
ۿһдɣһˡ
һ磬ڱϴվſڣţѴ򿪡
ۼ̽Լҹ߳Цáȥݰɣ
ͷ˴ˮ·ȥ֪㡭
ȻǸһ𣡡òͬ飬ϷŹ档ȻҲ˵ǺУҪڵĻҲʲ´ʹ˵ֺαؿ
ϵ֪Ӹ˼ദһ죬ȴԷ֪ضҪһ٣Լɸ֮
΢΢һЦòرڣȴ˸о˳ۣ֮·˫ȵȱݣƺҲԴΪ⣬̧̽¥עĿҲ֮ء
ʱ磬ȥɿڲԶһ·ȥǹʱڣһ·ضá
飬̽Ȼûģڶһ֪ᷴԣһڿջù㣬ɿڵķȥ
ú磬һµµάƵİձø磬ʯϣʱСԡڳУԵ
ʲô𻨣ζôŨȻ̧ͷ仨ģһ꣬˼ͷ
֪һȣţֽнζǹ֮Ũġ
˿̾İһǿˣ
ЦЦһϣңңһ㣬ԶһӰæŰԼϵĻһжԱ೿ϼĻδؾãӹӹµµһ׬һǮöƸȢޣˡ
һ㵣ĬĬ˰ΣϵƽնĿģɵͷ˵Ҳǡ
˵䣬ԶԶѾɿڣϚGϡôббںߣ紵Ҷ˵İꡣ
һд峿
վڰߣΧһ˺һŮŮץһŮ龪֣˷·ִʲô
ھһ񣬴缸ǰȥǴһŮʱһ䵶ҲĲϡ
Ǹʲô
ʲô󺺺ݺ˦һ֣ȴ꣬ɺݺݵһۡǽµıѣǷծǮŮծ쾭壡
ʲôѣСүûЦ־һʹ˶ʱʹֱС
һ˼ƲذףͷϣЮˡ
үүŮУǰȥڰѾʵĴˮæץסҾͲŹ㣡
֣˼ôһвֻЦһˡҪүүԼ¥죡
һ飬·ʲôУ󺺰Ӵһذ׵ڵأڶ˵ǰѼ̵ͷŮһߡ
ͷץŮϸȷǧлƽһμΪоãȻҲǫѷȴڲסü⣬ӵܳ緢㣬ȴҲˡ
ղŷж˵֣ذײŻ䣬ĿѰֻع𻨣ȴûʲôºɣǱ̽߹
λûʲô°ɣ
лл֮ͷŮелȴΪǳһҲûи˵ӣһŮҲԵͷ΢һֲˣѹǼ졣
ǲʲô£˵Ƿܰæһڼ״
ʵȻˣǼǵط競ԣȵһʱȲһƽʱʲƣҲһҴŮͣʵڲ̣˵ͷŮ£иܷŮһߣ̼Ҵǰ仧ݣַҲϡǵãĸҲǣˡ
⡭ڷͷΪѣҪȥͽᣬֲȥɽˮһ书ŮᣬҲг̡
ȥݲԶͽҲ죬ȻѴǱùͬ·ɣֻԼζǼˣº͡
ͷҾʾмС϶ȻһˣδλҪˮ·ȥݣҴλ֮󣬱ʰңݰŮҵĸǰȥžۡ
ҲãͷǱ鷳ɶһˡ
ڻĵƽ֮ۿԥشӦˣΪԼ˽ĸеһŮϧ֮Ķ
˴ͷϵڰߵ⿪ԶԶһЦСļҲȵūң
ֻǰһѦǽεЦѾǰɰпࡣ

 3 

⴬ǿҶ˰ɣѦһ̧ͷ˼öͭǮ滹ڿջһ뺺ӡ
̫Сˣôˣ£βһңڲ³ç֮ˣȻó˲ǣֻһǾڡ
ӴλС磬ܲԸūͬһҴѵūôôѦ˸ۣ⳯ڰ˰ȻǺɿֱЦ
ɣ⴬˸˲?
ǲģ⴬СҲʵϷҲ󡣡
΢΢һЦ꼴ԵǱһɡ
Ѧգգۣλ֪ʶȤܷ֪ūգ
űλĽ²üѦˡЦů磬ɫһҲвм֮ˡһλͨ촸ɣ
벻ҶܴУҡѦЦ绨ȴü֣ûǰˣȻǷ֮ƵĪڶԷ˽һȴԶԷһ֪
˶Ѧһ𣬽һ֪ʵò绨Ļ˵ͺһʵᱡ˼ңĸŮӲޣѦȻһЦˮӯӯʱһۡ
Сϰ˸˻ӵгҲԶԴ˴˾һֱڴͷţȻգѦǣֻøڴͷţָʾ£䣬Ѧ׶Ҳ̲ס˴գվһ
ͷŮȵŮղܾƽƽˮ壬ȻԵãɽ࣬ˮ̣絭㣬ܷܷشأͧ~~~~~תĳˮŮӵ¶ɣ˲кá
Ůסڲ׳öͿ˼Цˡ
һ㻽̣
ǣˮı̡
ɻᳪʮ겨С̰Ϸ١С
ҡҡͷ̲
ȻʧЦçײˣ̹ӳüá
˵˵ЦЦһ·쳣ƽ
ּԽƴʦоɣѾ˵и㳦ֻЩս룬ּУѲ٣ҲּҿͽĿ֮һ֮󣬲ˣǰͽУ˵ʶˣּұӢڱ鷢ͬʱӢۣԵߵõ㽫֮
ôϷҺȤ⼸ֻڴ˵еҸȤּҷҲǰèЩûյҲϵˣΧּ֣ҸҰѲؽ鹫ȻͲ
˵ЩԵģȥ͵ȥضᱻɣʬ޴棬˵ּѲ֣˱ǰʮ򣬻˵ּҵĸģͼô߱ضȥ޻
ִ֮£ԽԽ˵硡
˵֮Է֣һ˼ջţ಻סįܳȥתһȦôСϢһզһ˵Ҳ̲ס棺ӣ齣£
˿ڲ裬죺ͨĵѰռϿʯұ㹤򣬵ıͲһˣɽĪаΪɽϵĽһԼľѪëڣųɾǧ˰֮ף飬Ȼġ
ڸһ·֪ȻмǾֹ棬ٷʣû˲õģ֣Ҳʮڴõ𰸡
ô˵ּЩҲˣ
пģҲпǼٵģټкηͽ͵ġ޳׵ָĦŲ豭ؿڣ·ָֻġ
ڵݣȻҪȥݻδҵģֻǲ֪ǵûУļջţֻýȫݵĴջôһҹȥ˰죬۵ùǺҲûҵֻ˿ջȴſײһȺˡ
ʲô·Ҳ۾ôŮӽ߳һӰô
æһߣһƤûˣȴһӣŭҲ̫ˣĪ˵һûײ㣬ײˣǸǣڳˣһ书ģڲҲѪˣ
ֵһŮʮ߰ͣοˣֻڸող㱻һӣʵʲôøС
Ůüһִ֣˼ʱֹǶҪ֣
Ůţͽ۸ˣ
ڲûˮǺͽӣգǬûôߵڰ׵ģ
ˣ㲻ȣ˼񡣡˵ͦģ˼⣬һ߳ǰڰ֣ˣҲçײû·ˡ˵վҪߣ۽ƳŮһ壬ɵɴۡ
СӻߣʲôأվŮԱߵһվסˣҪ
æסһִֻԼҲͳһ壬Ҳֳɫ
ǡ
ȷʵһģһģôԼ˶ʮ嶼ϵá
ǰǿ콣봺ɽ
ڣ
ͬĹѪУڼδδޡ
ֻȴѪ죬ԵŮ˾δӣ
ڸ̣δ޷ǶҲ鲻Ըֻȴɲ๣ϷԵĳоͽӡ
ɵǣ봺ɽҲջţԼѰѰ٣ȴûԼסĵطһ˻صջڱΪ̽ȴ˵ԼҹЪˣֻøŷ봺ɽص᷿ѯʸĸԼʲôʱģʵʱһǶһԺüۣǱ֡
շ봺ɽˣûбʾرʣʱвмˣֻϲɽˮϲ黭ŶǼԲŸڽͬеġ
һ˳˿ջſڣѦס˶˵򲻹ֶ㲻ˣ֪ǹҲ޿κΣѦ·𿴳룬ЦС˾ɥǲǱĸԵСŮ۸ˣ˵ջ˷봺ɽԱߵķǶһۡ
ŮﹴģҲ·ͷǶЦӾȥȴ봺ɽסˡ
֪λǡ
벮ֻ;żͬһġæƲϵ
ѦｿЦС⻰ɲˣǲͬһҴͬһء
СӳҸλʽ顣ڹ֣һɲ뱻봺ɽȻһ״浽ϵǰȥ
ԭǱѦӺ봺ɽһݣȻҲѦ˵书ֹһأôһճ۽½
ŷ봺ɽɫԽԽᣬı۷仯΢ĻֻδĿеӡȫûˡ
ɫˣǲɡ
ͷһҲϾ
ּҲݳڣݳǽһɽׯɽˮ羰ʮ
Ǵȥһ·ϣʱҲּҷߣߵɽׯԶּҴﲻּܼվſк
λԶּʵԡּҹܼҳǹΪ񣬵ڽҲǺպһĸ֣Ӣȣж֮¸ԸͶּһССĹܼҡ
봺ɽԱߵĴӴ½ϣֹܼҷһɨͷֽ黹ԭǿ콣룡˵һǰ׼ڣű߻רլŵԱ˶ʶ͡
⼸λǣֹܼҿǣĿͣƬ̡
Ϊͽᣬּҹ㷢ֻյˣƾڣԷ˻
ҲͳԼ·Ҹ֮ǰ
ֹܼҿͰЦЦԭּҵĹӣǵճʱһġ
ǸһģΪȣȻһȥ֮ٲȻڵŮڿذæʰݲˮֹˣֻȥˡ
ͷѵЦеλҵѣܷͨһһȥ
ֹܼüͷΪѵҲͨڣʵηͬСɣׯһͬʡ
ҡҡͷչӵڶŪͽᣬǿֶҼҹӵܹܹĿ
ֹܼڿݵһɫϴ䣬ȷԼûп֮󣬺ݻ٣Ȼ֣ԭ¥¥ݹ٣ʧԶӭСĴ룡
¥֣˻һãȻڣǰķ봺ɽعͷվںѦҲɻһۣڲס
ǹһУΪ뿴ǺҲǧ㣬ȴҲ벻Ǵе¥

 4 

иرĵط¥
¥ֶԹȴӵ཭֮鱨
¸ֱȱ㣬ŸɵԨԴ书ƺ㣬ϻǮܴ¥õľϲ
ȻΪ¥ǿռ鱨άƣǾʹˡ¥鲼ϱԵ࣬Ϊ˵һ¥һӪջҵˡܵ˵¥һͭǮζڽϢĵطΪûԼɻ书Ϊ޷֮ˣһ³ܲҡʿĪ˭˵¥ķ֮ɭϣδرȻʹصĸ֣ҲҪȻʹࡣ
¥¥ΪһصĴڽ¶棬ͨ˵ԽĶԽ˵ĺģһ¥ͱɾ˼¥Ⱦͷۣˡ
¥
һŵעĿּ˹ŰѴǰڸˡ˻δãּӢѾӭ˳ҲûԼŽҷȥܹˣͽҲˮǴˣ¶¥ǰ˭ּҵĽλ
ǼˣӢҲһ£ΨһòƷϵȴΣ⼸Ҫôֲ棬Ҫôһé®
ôûģȻ֮󣬺ܿЦݣĳң¥룡
ĳ΢ĩִ֮Զӭ롣΢΢һЦȲˣҲ
һԵͻȻԼʶ˼ѣʵ˽⡣
ӢֿıλȻһʢаͽλҲǸĪӣӢϲԵãⲻ֪Ѧ׶Ҳд㡣
˺һ㱻ӭ۽ʿͣˣּҲûȤ롣
սţһЦзϣ죬Ϊ㲻ˣ
˴󾪣ٿȴƺһ˿á
ЦҲ㲻ô
ѵĺþƺ⣬Ϊʲôֻ㲻ʧɫ˲١
˴ӱ¶Ӣȴ˿ЦԭĪ¥ǾʶǱˡ
Ī˭üңЦݲһ궼żˣҪׯһء
˵ţſִľʦʽɽׯׯ
ʲôӣͽ˶һ룬¥ˣҲûʲôϡˡɫķ׷˼ҵأӢȻû˵ϲ¶һ˿ɫ
ӷ߶ׯˣ;ׯͬˡ
ʦׯһͬݰ٣ĳǲʤңˣ¥ĪҲ䵱üλˣλڷɡ
˱ӭλ£Ѽ֮ľʦ˫ֺʮţ˵ׯõճĽշħģҹǰˣׯô棬ǶԱĪĶˡ
ʦ̫ˣշħĶڹ˵شĳҲеõģ赹ԣȻãĳڷҲ⺺ܼĵ٣ԲҪһʦǰԱα
ׯ˵ͽ;һ۸Ҳ¡̸Ͳٰѻִ棬˼Ҷ˵˻ԭˣپδСΪк͵ʿͲʣľг⣬ʮҲΪ²Żǰ
һЩλôҪˣѾӢ뵽ƫдˣĶкպ֮ˣǰˣ⡣ûİӶɽٰ˿ܲͷָ棬ֲ˼䵱ƽ̴︧ԼϵĽ룬췢ʦýݺͶŵİͽ˽Ų裬ܺԵľʦӢһһķϻѦ˼ͲͷرܳȥˣʽɽׯׯأǴеɢѾںԼûѼĽС檴

 5 

վͽᣬּҽŵúܹɶ˶ӵλҪıǰ棬ǺҲܽм俴
ģֲãͻȻ뵽̨ƣһЦԱĪ˭չ⡣ַʲôˣЦô죿
ʾǱӢѾʼ˵λɸλĳҲѣղ˼ѵԸ׳λ͡˵ջ£Ůųľϻ롣
Ӣ߹ȥһԿף򿪵һϻӣһѳԼĶ̽ǰʱ˸˸ҺǰŶޣʧںˣȻܿҲ̲סվ
˽㳦ר֮㸹жӢ˵ţһŮǰ㳦һʯʱһǣڽԻȻ
һ书Ů׾ٰѴʯȥעУ书֣ʲô
ӢȻ˵ķӦִ򿪵ڶϻӡѽҪ㳦࣬ǽʿرĳߴ磬һߣȴһɫɢɱ
˽⣬ƴʦоɣ˱˵ѽ̺Źϱãĳ⼸ʮĦҲһͲѽۿˡӢҡͷЦʾŮǰһһĿġ˽ӹȥ鿴·ҳӢ˵Ĺܡ
Ӣۣ˽ּ֪еܣܽ˽ĳԸ˫ַϣԳ֪һ˷书ƱŮ˭˲ϲ
ѦԹֻּۣҴͽԵˣһҺûΪ·Ȼ˿һ߰£һ
⽣ȻʧؿصϻУӢش򿪵ϻӡ
ӰɽһվʹĴңѱʱƲˡ
ӢףȡɽȻˣ붡Ϊҽһѵɡ
ɽӹΣſʼ˵ӰƴƸԨ֮ŮƽУƽŮʶȴ˿ѷӣһѾӰЭƽ£꣬ƽް˵˵ᣬ䲻ʮǰţӰֽ֮û뵽춡ĳׯѵʵҡ
ѦЦ⵶ԭŮõģôٰҲ˸Ȥ
ɽҡͷѦ֪ѾӰȻƽȴǳԺ֣֮ãɳϽȾѪԱ˵;߱ԣҹ۴˽ɭɱڱƲȥֻȷʵǴ˵еľӰ
ܺ棬⵶ôٰۣõмңΪһΣ
һ⣬󲻵񣡡ɽһˣһˣвҪչʾԼ书ģڱҪ˵̫ʧ
ɽԺˬԲΪ⣬һЦãȻӹдԣ¾׳һλҲ͵Ӱľ͡
˵һ˸ʽʱɭɽˣһ׺ܳİԵȻѰĵʹȴߴӺݣʽ࣬С絽˽Ծһɺ׵ʹʮȣϾӰ֮ᣬؽɾõҵ
Եհеԭģȫ೤أ죬βмǬԲԿƾʽֻƮȴӰеˣ֪ɽĵڽеĶѾ޼ˡ
ɫԱ䣬ϵǰһһգ˿һ㣬΢΢̯һľмƬĪ˭Ա߿Ƭǳ۴ģַʮָ΢һ㣬۾ͷˡ
СĪ˭˭Ҳûע⵽ҲɫȻ֮أǱ߶ɽյʱ۾ɨһ¡
õ죬ֻǰ˼ҵӸ̣ˣɽѵݻŮע⵽ղǰӷϱббȥһ顣
֮ǣҡӢЦΪͽעţٰܼʼ֪ˣĳɽׯΩþ࣬λڴСգľ֮ꡣ
˳˶˶ȻúܣͬüһãҲд书ĺûᣬּռмƬյغԺΪһдӡ֤书ĵطҲѶʱδҲɢȥˡ
ղǿľмǴӶɽķġĪ˭ûᵹڱ᷿ϣֱۣʣǿ϶
ողϹ۵˴˿̺Ȼһʫ
㻹ߡĪ˭ߺЦţ¥ֵġ
Ҳùӻ˵۾û뿪ϵ顣
Ī˭˸ۡ˼Ϊ¥һ鱨ǧҸ¥һȴԼ鱨
ʲô鱨ҿôûйأǵҲûпѹͣ΢еڹˣʽɽׯׯЦڣϣ֦
Ī˭գգۡȥС𣿡
Ҳգգۡǰ졣
Ī˭Ħ°͡ǿȥλ
һİơ⣬ĪֶһϤ·ɣ
Ī˭ǿֵȥˣһ˾ͻΪʲôҪӻԭǴ껪ӵұȴҪؼһˣǲǷô
ΪͬİһʣϧĪ˭Ҫ˵Ҳһȥֽһˡ
䵱
ɫʮֳأԺһҲ䣬忡ݸЭˣ򸾣жɽʦ
еŽ޻ڣ˼ΪŵһӦ˵һڣͩĴеȴ˵˲Ϊ书кܴһŵӰӣҲǰһ֡컨ꡱ֡˵书֮ǰĸϵϲֹһأϵһǣҲû˵ʲôҡ
ڽݣڶɽǷ֮ȴϳԼĻȪ֮á
ڲͬɣиԲͬľҳһЩֵͬɣ˵ɱݻҪΪУʵ벻ͨ
˵ʬ壬˿̾;롣
Ӣλɫأе㷺סľʦżɽüͷ˼СڽݵʬԱߣۣȴûϢͽӶʣдأʬ壬ץ彣ţ˵ȣ࣬򾪻̣ǣ鲻һ㡣
򸾣ŮĳĳѴ̣֪λʲô뷨
Է书Ī⣬бɱĸ˵ַõĶǸԵ书Ҳʲôͺۼɽ˵
ôɱ˵Ŀʲô֪ĸˣǽʦڶҲӼϵ̸ʲôңԷҪ´ɱ֣˫ü䵱ͩǣţ㲻ֽһµĿˡ
ׯµ㻹Ը˵ôΣ
Ӣһü¥˻
ǰ˵ĸ˵ΪʲôңǶԷɱӺ
ӢǿһЦ¥ҾһܣҲܿտƾѪˣ
ü䵭ˮīҲ赭д̸ͬǲѪˣׯӦñף㳦⽣ӰΪׯҵƵı
֮⣬ѾĿڶɽ֤ȻǼٵġ
˵ĿⶼϣȴտڲˣɫĮʡ
Ӣɫֱ䣬վȻЦͬʮꡣˣ֮¾¥¥ʲô֪ġ
һ⾿ô£ܷͷׯΪǽ󣿡
ӢĿãȻΣػع񣬳̾һҪǰ˵𡣡
ּӣ֪书һ֮ѡӢȻҲΪΪŵԵĻ£ǰȥƸȻȥδҵ;Уڷ̴һ⣬в书ˣĻһ⽣ӵ
˵⽣ǰʧˣɽͻȻڡ
ӢҡҡͷȮӶʧǰ⽣ĳչʾģǷ֮
⽣أ
ӢЦ潣ȮǰϷ죬ڽѣΪɱȮӵơȮ޶ֻ⽣һʧ٣´󵨲²⣬߾ǳŽȥģĳѰʦΪһܹԼ⽣֣ȴ롭
ȴ뱻ԷȻĸ޹صˣԷɱˣֻӢҪˣʲô
ľʦڡׯǽշħġ
ӢȻʦˡҵ̫ײУʶ㷢ģֻĳѣǵѣʦ½⡣
ľʦҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
Ī˭ӡ֮£ֻ֮Ǽ˵Ǹ߲֪飬Ȼ
Ӣ֪Ӧø˺ûǵĺáĪ˼ǣ˲ưոݣ
Ϊ˱޹ܵǣׯðһЩ˶ߣ򸾺ͽŮԷ书벻κһˡ
ﾪ
ҧݣ۾¶ʹ޺ͻȻԱο
ɽľʦ㶼ࡣ
ҵͷ˼ֺΡ
Ωһֱ棬Ƶᣬ·ڵʲô
ׯ
ܼܽһţŲеңȻΡ
Ӣӹɨһ飬ͽݸľʦɫ
ܿм䶼һ顣
Ŵģ
ʰׯʱϷֵġ
ŵĴǺܿƵϱ񣬵ܵ˼ǣԷҪ⽣Ӣڽʱ֮ǰȻÿһʱɱһˣ˿ڡ
ӣѾϴõڰˣǽձҪôԼˮŮŰ߽
İ˵ٴˣðϴ·ģԼˣ
ۿһ죬æͷšʲôҲᣬˣֺð׳԰׺ȡ
Ϊ˼Ҫ޷޴롣ްҲǲϴǡһ˵ģôϴ·οҾֲΪūΪ澵ġ
˼ǰȥһ˰үү˵ԶңȴͲبߣ̵̣үүҲһֱûԼǰĴ㣬ְοһ˻׼س̵ʱҲһøװæãȴϱδᣬδҲûɫŪơ
˵˼䣬췢飬Щģӣɽׯһôˣڻ֪ô£ŴߣҪҲ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷ봺ɽǲߵģӢжѵʱȻǽ˲ݵоȻδߣҪˣҼ͸˵ˣ˵Ҳ㹻˵ĺġ벮ǲߣôߣ˵ô֣ʽɽׯׯľʦ¥Щڣõġ˵¥ʱ΢΢һ£е㲻ڡ
ûעСһЦģ̾ġ
Ī˭üңðɣȻҵôãֻ⻵ˡׯͽʲôʱʼڿʼ֮ǰǲ;ƴ᣿
ֻĪ˭˵ֱ׳ٽϺ
ʱһӢ䣬ӢͷͿһλˣϯѾãɡ
Ī˭ŵһϯϣĪ˭ƹľʦҪһ飬ûһ㲻˼
ǲʲôȤҪҪӣôʲӵͽᡣߴ²ĳ
ƱһڣЦƺּԼģ
ιιк鲻ңҪԤУξͱСˡ
װŪˣСܱܲǸŵˣ
ڷ¾Ʊ촽΢΢ءʲôʱŹˣ
ͽᣬҶˣ֪ʲôϲĪ˭գգۡ
˵Ҳ
㲻ڿЦɣĪ˭Ħ°ͣǸһصļһҲ
˵˰컰ϯҲոտʼ죬һЩͬϯʶҲｻò֡
ڵϯŲԶаζӳ¡ݣʲôԼ֪ģԼϵ˵̫ǳˣĽͬеĽӴȴ֪ľøľԽԽԶ˲ʶǽĪ¥
ҹ
ҹɫˮ
һɫ£˶ģ˼ӣȲ裬˿ΪĻ΢΢ζкɫӳĵָ޳𪡣
ĳˡʽɽׯׯҡҡͷԼŵİӷŻѣֻ֡
֮һľѣĳУȻȱ˶ʱоЩׯЦˡ΢΢һЦ˵ׯׯһָÿ֮ҹŮ֮ĳѾãǺúܡ
ǿɺãЦĳϾׯһ𡣡
ԸҲ
Ǳˣõɫ͸Сڻϼ飬Žʹ졣Ī˭Ŷ룬һ߲ɷ˵ξߣ̽ûֹ֪Ī˭Լҹӵĺѡ
ЦԼô̰ɫļһΪѵġ
ػţһˣȻ˺˲ųſڣͿּҼͻŵܹ
ׯ뼸λ÷Է
÷ԷּɽׯһԺͬסͽӦһЩˡ
Ǭϵˡ
ǬϵʦɽƽʱΪռΪһǬʮʽΪƣƽʱڽԵܺãû˵ʲôңôһˣּҵĿͷһõĻԼǬδԵе졣
Ӣɫ̫ÿ˭úõһȴڷ˵ɫõȥġ
ϵſϣڵϣһѪۣϵһƣƱľƻ΢΢š
ƱղŻɣĪ˭°ͣͻȻ
ҡɫأڸʵ˼䣬˳ӹңǾͳȥˡ
ʱǰڴд輸УȥҲˣһԵͷ԰ʳڣڶұʦ谮ȴҲǸûнСֳ棿ʦսָ԰οּ˵ˣ͵ʵǻʵڴСá
Ӧþʱڵˣ˭˴ﾭ𣿡Ѧʵһߵּҹܼҡ
ֹܼ΢΢һѦˣСѾʹּºסԱߵĿˣǶûдﾭһֱղһаС˽ȥʵ¾Ʋˣŷֵġ
ӷ𣬷˵飬ʵڲңΪʵһεزԸɡľʦһȱ֮ɫ飬ʼо
Ӣ˵ľʦ꾭ͽϵᣬصżŷֵ˽ɢˣһЩ£￴ģЩ̣ȰׯĪҪ̫黳ʵ޹أһЩΣҸղڷӡҡҡͷ˵ȥ
˸ּɱˣȫׯӢۺΪ˵ȶͽץáɽһӡ
ϵԵûʲôңﱻɱȥҲͼԡĪ˭ɵģԵе㻬
ʲôԣӢǿĪ˭
һǸϵʲôӣԷҪأɱһ㲻ѡڱ˼οׯ֪־ۼô֣ԷˣԿų˱ʲôܣҲҪʲôܣôڷ죬֣ʵʱ˵ʲô𣿡
ҡסǽ鲻ֻĽԴڣ䵱ҲԴԶ԰Һȥ˻ὣѡ
ôֻеˡ
ʲô
Ī˭סڲ˵׷ʡ
ԾɱӺӿڵƽҲƽĿӣ΢죬æƿߡ
Ӣüͷһ塣¥˼ǣǸͨɱʵ˭
ͷĿǰ
ֱڿ죺û˵ʲô˰
ĳͲö֪ˡ
㲻¥¥Žкܶ˲֪鱨ô᲻֪ʵ
󣬲񣡡æֹ
΢΢һЦ˵Ļûܱ˵
ϵмһˡ
ֱͣڸƼּׯɱжȻûбֳĻң˽Ҳ۷׷ףҥ

 6 

ԴӢȺǰչʾţ֪˳⽣֮⼸˺ܴһˣȻ൱һɱ˵̰οӢˬÿͣЩҲڲж
ҹĻ٣ʣ˶Լʱһʼ˽ʱȴֱҲŰϢ
¥أ
Ƴţһ˿ŵĲ
Ҳˣ
ǷǶȻڱֳӣȴ̲סȥע
Ұ̡
ղŰ˵طøӣ䲻ֵǮȴҴġ
һȥûˡ
е㵣ģʹ͵͵˳ˣ˼طˣż
᲻ǸղŻشûԼܻˣ
ôţۻذ̵ķ䣬ü£ƿṣ̌
ӭһ磬ȻƲ죬ȴǣֻԼ޷ŲŲޱѣһξ岻Լơ
رһ˦һߣδü񣬱죬ʶ͵¿ȻѿȴԼһһԼλõ󣬼öϣѾû˽ȥɵһ亹
ʱǰˣȽϽϣ۾ȴǰĺˣղŴסԼ˦Ҳˡؼʱ˼ҾԼԼȴִǵƨе㲻ζ
˴ĲѰҹ£һĺۣͷںڰӰ£ֻ¶һ˫۾ŻԼµ·һ顣
಻һɣӸղڣ˳Ʒų֮վ˾û䶯ƣΧһУͬҹ΢ķ磬·𶼾ֹˡ
ڸӲŻˣϵ˵书黯ĸ֣һһԳΪԷ
¥úõؿ֣οһţ¸޺⽣ҲȤڵǺˣ˻ƣŮѱ档
ҶһѱûȤҶܺȤ΢΢һЦ
һһͬģʵϣƴ˴˶ѰҶԷϸ΢
Ȼ¥⽣˽Ȥиܺõ⡣
Ҳϲͷ¶β˺
䳤ЦЦֻѪӿпĿڣɵ϶䣬ЦͨƴĤؿȭޣͷһ
΢΢ü֪ԷȥڣȴҲò
һ̧ڷɳһޣɿڼѨűԴԴݹȥ
ͬʱҲˡ
˷ںЩţͷѰˣܼͷ󺹴Ҵ
ˣׯׯ˺Ͷӣ㱻°ˣ
ӢжһŮŮԶޣǰڷʣµľֻֻϲ²ϲѧ书ֶˣ򸾶Ωһӣ
Ӣ󾪣ŭҲǺúŷ˺͹𣿣
ܼҴͷ˲ȥͷĺˮԷ书̫ߣסĪ¥µѾ׷Ϲȥˡ
һʱеңŶӱ°ߣӢѾˣľʦ״ʹܼңɼǴĸߵģ
ɽ򣬵ԷṦߣֻ׷ˡ
Էмˣ

ľʦҡҡͷִˣϻĪǣضһʱ䣬׷ȥҲü
ʦͬȥӢץһԼŵ彣ϡ
ʦҲȥҲæ
ׯִ֣ӹﾭ鲻㣬ٰڴͬаɣؼʱ̣ľʦϻˣһתߣɽæں棬˼ҴҵӰܿ챻ҹɫû
¥˫Ȳм书ȴ˿ѷһˣĽѣֻڻܳ𣿡
˶ţֻ˵Ѿûиղôϸһ·𻹼һЩ
Ҳɶϣֻ΢΢´Ѫ˳ֱ۴еʯϣȴ̶ڲսȭͷҶ书׾һγΪԷϽ㡣
̽ںɫе԰˵ĵطȴҲҶ
΢΢һЦɫ䣬·˵ĲԼ֣ܲܳӦúӦʲŶԣѾˣʱˣֻº̹
ĸ֣͵̧ͷˡ
ԷΪ˫۶˰Σ˻ƹرΪŮȴǰ̵¥֪ģ
ղš
Цôܣҵݼ˫
ȷʵ޷죬ȴδˡ鵭ǼЮĴ󺺣Ų鸡Բ书ǰȴ壬ʲô
ԳүүǸˣȻݼҲܸȴβ˹η塣
ǻӦңͻɵˣ
ȷʵйŹ֣һʼɱ˵Ǹ˺ϵһֱղɱ֡ѪٶЩȴûжȥֹѪɿźˣ˵š
Ҫֻ⽣ֻӢƥ򲻿ϽȻˣɽׯɱ˸鷳Ҳ֡ЦЦת壬нŮӵŴϣϧ˿͡
ɱɵˣֻ޹ʹɡҲЦ˲죬ֻʱ䡣
¥˵üǣǻַ˺ֶһȥ͡
ע⵽˵ǡǡ԰̵书ڶȡҲǲܣֹһˣôĿľͺֵȶˣҸӼ֡
֮䣬Զһϣҹųһ貶ĿĻڻΧȼǹ⣬Ư
̵ڲס⡣¥ĺѺ£Ҳȥַˡ
΢΢һЦҾ͸Ӳܷˡ
ӴǸأ¥ϲūңȴҹ˽ᣬʹɷūҵˣ
ƿһĵ˺֮ĶţѦƻԱߣЦ绨·ûɱ
λС˳óҪҪҲˣ㻹ŸڲĳӣⲻŸ߱õôѦｿЦųȥý㿴۳ûϵ۲ҲͿˣôȵ컹ǲˣ
һһڲЦ
ղű˼̲ǿֻһߣ㿪һѷĩȴѦһӻΡ
ǹعǰˣ󵶣ҳ置ĶԹλ࣡Ѧ￩Цתͷ¥ôãҪҪ
ַǻͷѦˡ
δȵлЩȫˣҧ˺ܣѦһƳ䳤޳ȥ书֮ߣ˵ɿֻǷԼˣǿ֮ĩҪȴֻоİʹתѱθס
¥ǵǷūһӴѦգգۣһﲨ
ͷδΡȻѦѨסǰɡ
Ůҽʦ󿴵ѨڵϵỊ̇˵ԭί˵νǰɱˡ
С̫嶯ˣⰢ̹ǿõýûǸڵĿСľϺǶزˡѦｿЦ
ȥİ¶ԭģȴ⿴ˣһɱĸˣҶкպĸ֣粻Ǳˣֻκһ˶
ʲôӴҿ֪ǵ䣬ҩöбüǹһĨ⣬ԭʵȻ޴档
ֹöŮ͸ðһһš
㣬ҷ˺ͺأӢޣһ˵ڶԷҲ
һ罻⽣ûˣΪ̲壬·ƵǶԷ⽣һɱһ˿ɹ˺ͺӾͰˣˣǵʦźͼȻȺ֮ɣʱֻּܴܲأ
Ӣ̲סһɨȥ޷ƫһߣѪ˳ǻ£ɫȴ
û⽣йҲһģ书˳ڣ֯᲻ö㡣̴ľϣһֱûпڵܺͻ˵ѯ
书ˣеǣ⽣ȴֻһѣأԼɡ
ôֻͷׯ⽣Իȡ˵ˡ˵ǸղŻط˿ڵ֪̽ȥˣȡ֮ιڡ
δӢش𣬰̱ЦׯĪ˶ɵϣǰʧ٣ǰŪ˵ļٽĿ飬ʱһɾûˡ
֮⣬֪ͽϵ⽣ǹǰѡ
ӢսȭͷųǰҶӣҲɱģ
ֻҪֶҪЮ㣬αط£ԲȥϷŴС㣬˼һνĵҲ
Ӣɫһһףȥκ޺޵û⽣˽ڻƳƵʱʧսˡ
û⽣ԼԸ׷ͺڷˣԸⱻ׷ϣɵ㡣ЦһۣƱĿ񣬲ٿڡ
Ӣɫأ粻ʹͷҲ֪˼ʲô
ţ⣬ֻܿڳ˵ˡׯ¥Ҫô죬û⽣ǲڴľʦǶزˣ
ҰοС鲢ûô⣬ֻׯȨ
󲻽⡣ʲô
¿꣬ʱҲ£֪Ҳ
ǡסѰһԣڲңڶҲȤҲԺȴɵۣ5
㣬ô֪ģӢɫ䣬棬ƺ֧
Ƶᣬʱش𡣡ׯĪ¥
¥¥Ӣૣ֪Լǲ¥ܲһʧٵغɿЦϡ
Ӣʧ̬仰ʲô
仰һַ⽣ϣ֣⽣ǲЧġٶһȥִţģĪ˭̽ʧ٣ܲȥǣ飬Բ书ȨƾܴﵽĿĵġ
ǡò׽˼ָӢȻֱסѵ⽣ȷʵ㻹ƭ˵Լû⽣
µׯϽ⽣ôҺϾ
ӢĿ֮£վɬɡ
ּҷӵԺ棬һˮ̶̶ˮ̣ƺס
˿̣ʪּܵҹܼվˮ̶һɫ
һôǳˮŪ룬ñ˿ףͲ뵽⽣׻Ȼֲò˼
Ӣޱ飬ӹ˵ҷ˺ͺҲҪ⽣ĻҲͬСЩҲ⽣еܣһ˷۱ˡ

 7 

ҹůˣּӳ¹⣬ǵȤ粻ҪµˣͣϸϸͣǱһζ
̽Ӣһץ⽣һϽựһǰһּ䡣
ǰǹصˡּɽׯڴ֮صشƫƧɽֶ𣬺ܿͱɳȴû뵽ԷѵصԼ
ŶûˣžĳҰ޵ѪڣȴͶӢе㷢ŲҲٻ̵ҹԵø䣺ׯҪҪ¥λãҪֽŷˡ
̽Ц־ղԣЦһ̹ԭôˣҵȽϲСϳСʱ顣
̵͵ͺһӢ䣬ЦŭסŵּӴЩȴƺûзӦɸһһߡ
صǰԷϵ֮󶨵ģҲ֪ӭǵĽʲôԼܱܣɰҲۣȥǱضܵͷģֻô뵽Լ֯ڵ书ᱻ˵ôأеıϣû֡
ת̲סһּۣС·ƽ̹˹ȳĺۼδԵе᫣ܸһ·ȴҪһ·ĵزܵȥɣΪʲôô̹ȻʱԼˣҲδ쳣
ϰϰϢ
ûйŪ飬ҲǷȥ߽̽ȥʱѾˡ
ַ˺ֶԱѨһȻȴãҷֱվĹװŮӣ׷ϹȥʧӰ٣Ī˭ľˣվһߣĵƹУӳǴͽӲͺ޽˫ۡ
Աߣһˣ˫֣ǽ
٣̲̽סûеõӦ
¥ֻһˣ£ʵ㲻ǡ˵ʱƤȻ֮ǣȴܽӲ·һߡ
Ѻͼ˶ڸԣòŲ֮һˣЦˡ֣ꡣ
ׯ⽣أ˵ĿӹͷỊֱ̇Ӣϡ
Ӣ˿½šȷǡ
ʸҽôЦһ⽣ּҲǷ־Ϳ㸲ϰˡ
Ӣ޼ȴ޷ڶ˵⽣ɽ󣬽һԨһɽ𺣣ȻҪôװ׷лδ⿪ܣʵǲġ
⽣ֽ̣⿪ѨŽߵǰһֱûлָҲ޷䣬ʱԵ˸ȴϧ飬俴һ̵ۣ΢΢һͷͷø͡
𷣡
һʻȥ㡣νʣһԵĹװŮʱĸ߶ȣ΢Ĺߣϼֵظ
¿꣬ʱҲ£֪Ҳ
Ǽ䡶ס
΢΢üζȻ⽣ֱֱ£⽣˿δ
⽣Ǽٵġ
Ӣʧɫܣ
乴⽣ҲǱͬʦ֣֮ϧҪ⽣
ӢɫҰף˱ЮֵʱѿԲܣѽּҴഫûб
ҲΪĴ潣ȻˣȻҲνˡ˽ڵϣҲмһˡ
ܣܡӢǰȥҲûйʼվһԹ۵
ѵ¥֮ܣҲ˽𣿡̵
´Ļıȡѽڻѵûһֿԣϸû⽣ʣȴýɫһ䡣
ɷôվֻһѽǰΪ˱Լļȣڹ۲칤֮󣬾ͰɱˣʶĶֵļ٣紺սʱ򡣡ƻ·ڽһεʣûдϣƺҲһƬžֻ⴩ִҶķ
дĹһ취ѳڽ˾޴ܣܣǸɵйıأ߹ϵ˥ĶȨ˽ܣȻҪȫ
΢ڵ˸ڷ·Ҫ紵ʱһЩû˵װŮӺͰҲҶӢŽڵϣһ̽ȻｹȴʮԼҹӵֶΡ
¥Ĺ۵ʮ棬˴۽磬Ҳ˵ҡֻϧƵĪ˭ȻΪ⽣ûнҲͻˣֻܶѵ˵Ǹˡ
΢΢˲㽫λҲ췦ٿ죬Ҳֻ˽ˣȲĪ˭
ιιҪȡҵʲôֲҵ
Ī˭ЦһƮͬʱַָһһöӼ˹ѾʧȻ
û˵װŮԱߣۿ
˼ǹûǼҲʩ˳̫ˣ벻үүҵĻꡣĪ˭֣ôãԳˣͲսʱƴתӣûȻȵҪ˲ų֡
ߣӹˣûǣһҲѹ΢㳣һ֣װŮ뵹ڵϵľ޴󣬱㲻Ӱ
Ī˭סˣȴֻЦһԭδֻһתҲ֮ʧ
٣̽Ͻǰץס٣ľһ㣬վ㶼ľȻ߿һ޷Ӧ
Ǵ˵еĶĪ˭üŽʧĵطֻޱȡ
ǰּĸӵѨʹ޳˲ϸлΧӢԣֻӢղܼٽ֮µĴأǻجج¡
ӣ̽н٣ȴ޷ѰֻԼҹӣУһ֪
ղ˵ʲôΪʲôû£Ī˭ӣĿһɨǰҲ֪ʲôʱ򲻼ˡ
鿴Σ΢΢üгѵһɻ
ѵеģƴ֮ʾ

 8 

ʱľУˣϣ˯ȥһ㣬Ī˭ĴɤԱ˵Ҳ޷Ӧ
ôû£ֱ˵ƽ೤úܣĴֻҲֻ˵ǲǳ˯ȥѡ
Ҳ֪Ī˭ӣԼյľʱҺ׷ˣڽ֣ľǾ͸Ϲˣĸ֣мûпȫ˵ˣȴ˻ҩ
ҩ֣üһ
ĸ˷ĸ㿪֮ҾһƬУԴѣǻˣоڶһֱ˵ʲôͱˡ
Ī˭˵úܺʱָо侳Ҳ˵Ī˭书ܸߣҲûԭ򣬵ľĴԿգΪʲôҲŻ˯Խˡ
Ī˭գգۣа취ѹ
Ҳܿ϶ԼƲ⣬Ѿ̽ϲܹܣ㶫
һ£ּׯ˰֮
Ӣվ㱣ʱʱǰѼٵ⽣ַһ鸾ˣֻϴ棬Ψһֶȴ书޷̳мѧ
˶˵ӢǸ֮ͽĪ˭ȴһЦ˶ӢһĴ£ҲһִŵؽʹԸͷֻӢһ㣬˭˭أ
ּʱ䣬ۼʣԼǳ׾ͱãǲ˷봺ɽȰ裬ϵ˷ţǱǣ̤Լ֮·
˽ľ·ֱ֪䵱뿪ּׯݳڷ¥ĵš
СĿȥҲԼʦʬضңʽɽׯׯ˳·ͬС
һʢ磬̻貣ȴա
ּңֳֻΪһв෹Ļ⡣
ٹ꣬ⶼΪǼʱºҲὥûڷ֮С
£Īڴˡ
ִʲô׷ʲôԼҲֻԼ֪ˡ
϶ľʦ˳˯ѣԷкţȻգ͵ݳǵ¥
ӵŵŴ򿪣ŵ̵Ĵƹȥ£̽Ī˭̽żֺ棬ɻû˽Կţò׵ȵĪ˭ܡ
Ī˭һǶԷţҲ˲ϵϣ¾ͰŲ𿪡
̽Կף
̽أǱܽԿȻҲڽˡպôһ䡣
ҪȥҪԿףĪ˭˵ǣңⱾ£ԼȫˣȴӲҪ˻ˮ
һЦǼеδֻǲܽ⡣ϲܹѾϢһط񣬶ԿƱﵽĳĿġ
Ī˭գգۣ˵۽費ԿףǶҪϱһˣ
вˣҲлȤءƿǣһڣ嵭УĵüĿȻ
ҷһ顣Ī˭ĬĬ̾˿üδӣ㾶˵ȥֻҪǸһ𣬾ʹȱ֣ͬʱҲ
֮ѣ졣
ûȥе˿һڴİ˵ȴǹϵǼƵһƬءϿݽϵˮķԸƽԺĽţײֵ֦ȣ֮ѹһ򵱹أĪǰ񺺣ʮǰĪصĸƶΪһݡ
̾ߵ̨ɽϡ
̵ԡׯӡġ㣬Ϊһʿɵ䣬Ա̵书̺˲ٵԭƮݿ飬ƵΣַѡ̨ɽҲΪĩڴɽ䶴̳
̵ĴƴԬԨԴʱƳڲϡ棬Ȼܾĩʢ;С½͢ʱ겻ʮңڽ¶棬¥ȻأϾˣĵ͵͸˵̽˶ĻĵҲ͸ˡ
ţ̽һɽһ·ûܵʲôΪѣ˳˽뱱̡бΪƧϲŭ޳Ī˭ûһɽĸԸɽտǣԭҲΪɽһܲľһƯϰ
¾¥ӭǸˣԴɣȴǺòع֡
ĿѾ࣬ѹͲϣ̽ȴеŭ˶Լӵÿһɣ÷·ǶԹӵ衣ڵ¥˶Ϊ繫ӲҪһӶϣ繫ӿµ·ĳɾ;ֹڴˡ
Ѧ񴣬Ѧ飬˵¥ɹˣһʣųһյ¹ӭӡ
ˡͷԼĺ棬ǰǰ
еųǴӱϴ˶ĳ𣬳룬һɷǣŵۣñ̴С
ǺһڱչأҪ֮Żֽºúд˾Ͳټˡ
̵鲼̨ɽֻ̳ͽҲѾһҲ߱鲻̳ȻλųϲûĻΧһ죬ֻԼǼԺ˯쿴鿴ȻԵãް˿ꡣ
⣬ͨѦм֪ȴһж۵׵и·ˣԼɰ͵Сˡ

 9 

֮󣬵ڸԺĻݲݽˮʱŮѾˣ
̽洩ԺȣٶȲҲߵĵطȴܽʱһֱ߹ȥܴﵽĵطƫƫҪƸӣ·һɻصʱ򣬵ɻлһɰ֮󣬴ʱɻֿͤͤۻƵĺɻɰһ̷Ϊֻ²ֹŶݼ׵ЩˮѧʣԼӴЩѧҲصľôγɵġ
¥ͯܽȥ¡ǰһǰһΡĴе䵱ǲûĳ棬ȡ֮ǲοһЩ˽˽ص㣬Ե³ֲʧʵáǰյǰһֳֶʯףϸ֪ȽŲ㣬ʹһȦ
Ϊʲô̽üԴ֮ܵľ䣬Թӵݣ˾
Ϊ⣬һЦл̽Ȱա
̽סڲԡ
˼ӺеһӣʲôҲûУӳŴдɴ𣬸Կտϣ΢΢ۣƺڱĿ񡣳ķˬڶϷ΢̲Ǹ֮أţԶˮͽ˵ҲԵʮ͡ΣĬĬۣһЦ½ȻѾˣβ𻰣
һɫӰ·˺ѵгǰ˱˫֣ڣɫ
ϵ嵭֮ɫһٿȥգ²ڻĵȻ̨徲Ϊ䵭
һϰ˵Ϊһ磬ͺٷϣ֮УҲУ½͢ϰ书ԴڵңȻӦߣԼӦӳϾԵ䵭ߣѾٻʲô
½͢ؿͻȻ︩һȱķ񣬵Ȼ½͢ȱԶָоȴΪơ
кһ֣Լ΢Ȥ⡣ôҵģ
һ书֣԰Σ޷صġͼ򵥵͡
½͢΢΢šü˲һı顣ָϢ
ô˵ɡͷ½Ĳ֮һֽطеƣȴҪö࣬Ǹղһ˿ͬڷĲҲġ˾书ﵽزҲδܲ½͢ĴڣΪСм޷糣ߣṦ˵ֻܽŬ棬ϰ֮˻Ҫĸ֪۶ڱ֣Ҫ̵ʱķӦһУǾҹҹ쳣ϰ־Ǿн书
˵ֻѧƤë½͢Ŀһеķ񶨣ֻʵǵĳΪʲôƤëȴû˵ֻǻһת¥⣿
¼ѣһ֮ǲ壬һֱ˯ҩʯҽŹһطܹԻͿ˵ĳð½һȡ
ʲôˣ½͢ĿûȲͣ˵ǰһ㹻ƽƽĶ֣ʸ޹ڡ
ѡʱشƽ͡
ˣԲѣһֱԼ֮У޷԰ΣͬʣǶ˵δǺ¡㲻Ӧöκ̫ǣң书ûκκô½͢ڶšüƺܿϧǰ˶һЩȤԶԶר־ϰ䣬ĻҲٹ꣬ҲԳΪԼĶˡ
ǣһҪһУ½챱̣Ҳһܹרѧϵ׷󡣡΢΢һЦǼˣĳзǾȲɵԭ򣬻½ȫκҪĳᾡ
½͢˰ΣͻȻ·
ٴݵŹֵҪҲһ

 10 

һ֮£ЩԼˣǲܵģòȷһΡ
šӦһ½͢˿ûоԼҪжôʱˡ
Ҳָܿ򶨣´ӡ޳Ұ𪣬ȻΪϰĺͻºļӣⲢֹŵȡ½£һ£Ķ죬ûλȻǸ˸ûУôվţһĶ
ȵȫ£¶ȳƵ½͢ͻȻת
ȻΪ½͢ʲôͼͷת򣬽׵ı½͢ĬƬ̣½͢ˣ¥̧֮ȿ
ô˵ǴӦˣ֣лҲҲ½Ҫҵˣ¥Ծʱ֪½͢·ʮа˾ҪǺţˡ
½͢п޵صͷͻȻ¥ô
ĳ׸ĸ˫ֻʦ
ΪѶǲΪûˣҪͼ֮ʣ
飬ҼȴЦѣˣαִЩڵĳƺ㹲ˣĸˣ㹻ˣ
½͢ΪȻǰˣǺԼһġ书Ҳܸߣһǹ£ȴǽ˼ϣǣ̶ܶ࣬˵ǷҪɵģͨҵҲǷҲɵģ޷ΪβѾѧϣҪһ£ȴʱ˷Щν棿
ôţ½͢䵭һЩ书ܸȤٴγ¥һпգ˵֮Ҷдһ
һЦԸҲ
¥д裬ǧѷĻᣬϧҲֻбܹ۴ս
Ī˭˵Ϣҹǲġʬ塱ɽϸϣֲգͲĪ˭
һ磬ɫδȫʱ򣬱ѾΧ˲ˣһʮʮ٣ȻиÿڵϹսĪ˭˸Сӣɽ˼ӣڿյ˸õλһƨ£ʼྐྵӡ״ɫһ룬뷢ַãһǽͬɽģĪ˭ڽϲСе˺Ҳȥӱ߿ı߿òƻҲųϡ
˲Զĵطվˣȷе˵Ӧһվһ½͢ˣ·ԲԶϸСţпһƬ书磬ҶժԿˣȻΪġĪ˭Ҳһ㣬޼ɵ˵Ц
½͢־ɫڿˣֺ͸˿翵Զ
΢΢ۣ·ڱĿƺȫԼи֡
ûκζΧɿԴиܵţ˵Сֱ
ס
֦Ҷ
Զݺ㣬ͬƽ
½͢ƽƽ̤һȴͻȻʧ
ۣʳĴָסһöӣĳ4
ٶȳӰȴѾԭĵط˾벻ߣ½ֻ͢ΪƮƮ˹ֱֲָȡļ羮Ѩ
һɨȥʯϵҶ̬ȴɲǼ仯˹ƣұлһâжһϸϸĳޣԭϸıӹעԷ
ܽԷĳֶ˿ת˲֮䣬ѾС
Ѳϰ־ٿء
˫ȿ·ôӦûʲô
½͢սˣԼֳͬʡ
ֺܷܿա
ΪϵһңûչԼһ˶䣬Сľʹݹ䵽Ĵȥˣһ·ûºȵС飬·ƽθСůʶҲ١
յһβ͡
Ƕûꣿڿܲˣͣ½ŲתأüԼߵŮ
Ƕһ·ҿģҾͲܣ
·ҼҿģߡüȻ״ǰһ̯˵һԡ
Ƕţһת˰˶ȡ벻𣿣
ͻ·עĿ΢Щ⣬ٽ۾գһգûýקס½ǣ죬Եúί㣬˵Ҹģȴѵĺһûеô
Ŷ찡ڿѪˣ˰˵ʲôɣԼֶûӶˣŮΪ˲ڶҪˣ
Χ۵ԽԽ࣬Ҷָָ㣬ָڵģаοǶģǽһҡ
ڳױ֮ǰŷǶȵغһ벮תͷ֮ʣԼƽܴﵽļޣһ̣ˡ
죬ɣҪҲôδ޸ϵ㿴ΪҶĻ£
¥Ȼ鴫½͢վԷԼһɵľ룬䳤ۣɷǡ
Ӳˣܵһ鴫ʵ
˴ˡ½ѧһϵרע׷ȴġ΢΢һЦ·Ҷ˽ɫ
ƽܵһ֣Ǻ顣
½͢ѵҲ𴽽ǣǰ˲ޱȵȤ
ǲӣգҾ֮ꡣ
Ī˭ȻӣԲȵġʮ½͢æΪľе˽⿪пյʱ򾭳ȥд۵ֻĪ˭ֱһ㣬һֱĪҸһϢ
δޣҲҪӻĶĴƼҶС㣬ˡ

β 

Ҫˡ½͢õķˮɫĲҶˮĴƽḡˮϡ
δǰиϰߣǼΣ̫ԿطλҲǱγ꣬δ߽̣ϰΪʱе跽ʽδȫı䡣Լε跨޷ͬڷǰĲҲûмκεϣΪ½͢ϲ
ϲκνﱾԴƻĶ
ǱһЩ֮šϣٷаƮ죬ΡȻʯ裬Ȼɡ
ܵ½裬ʵĸ֡һЦ裬УһʱΪһЩ飬ҲܸоԼĴڡ
½͢üǺ仰˼ѧһѵ׷󣿡ѾԴ󵽾Լ޵ˡ
Ű˻񣬲Ц½ףԼҲףϣ´μʱĳѾ⿪ɻ󣬸½һ𰸡
һ ꡣ

 11 

ĴţλɽڣഫԴĩŷһŵһƶȺ¹֮ѡѹĴһǱذЩųתԽԽ࣬ԽԽӣƼԼҲ޷ȫ˽⡣ΪЩأŵս֮бٲȻΪһԴԶҡųԲܶԺ书ͨճ֮⣬ûرŹƣҲ²Ŵһأаıǩ
ε̣֣֮ԭѾʽ΢ƼִͨʩֱʮǰѾ֮ɫĵطһ㲻ǷǣͷҲŵı־ҪǲСǵŵˣ³ͲҶ˵׵ġ书˽ţܿüţͰȴΪѲΪɵһ˶Զ֮
ʵпԽԽģ½͢ŵһѪ⣬޻Цó˼ó޿ɺǡĵϵŮˣһŮƼҴС㣬Ҳ֮ǰӢӵϷ˸˵ɣһǰѾԶˡƼСư˫Ȳм·ֻȣһŮӲˣҲ쳣ҶӲڽߡƼΨһĵճīۣ˸ĸŵ㣬ҲܴѾڶΪһε
ˣƼҶСϾ
Ī˭ΪʲôŶСл֮Լ
Ị̄ڽһһʮǰ׵Ī˻̽ףǿպΪ·ŷȣһʣ̸Ϊã֮ƷҲ˶Ůұ㶩¶Ů¡Ī˭Է涼ûͱ˨Ը˵ʮ̡ĪүǸ֮ˣӵķûһָͷҪĪ˭֮£ֻòȡЧһУԣܻܰԼö֮ҲӵұӣӾԼȥǲܵģĪүؼȢ֮дһŸƶС㣬˵ԼֲƶС
˲СڣŮӵԼӸһЩҲûΪһžԲõģĪ˭ƶСϢֻ־·˪ԼԩˣҲǰһˣĪҵĽ飬Ҳգȥ֮С
˵̻᲻һҵ־Ͱѱ滨кĪ˭ſϣѵһģ˭ƶС˽Ҳû˵ʲôֵĻѵǿЩԼĻøĸΪѡķȻӣܲ˴
пܡĿ¥ĲŪʵôݻʳ̶˿ѷǰߵġ
ӣƶСǸʲôŮӣôѰ˶̼̽ǰͷٳһߺʡ½͢Ӧ֮ľС˹ѹ⿪ԼµҪķѵµ˸½͢ΪҲ¶һ˿ƣ̬֮Ϣһ죬Żָ
ľ½ֱ͢Լʦ˵Ժ£䵱ֵԻʦšĪ˭ĻḦһͰιҩģִͬô˼ҿ¥ϣҲ̫̽ȻԼҹһȥŵ䡣
ϾưƧ¸ߣī۴һ仰ĸ˵Ը񶼹ճ¥ϵŮۣ伫ѣĸ˵ֺԸɫȻͼסˡ
һĹСôѰ̣
ҲǴȥܹ֪ġ
̲ñ滨кĪ˭
Ϊīۡ
ǽɽؽʱԶʮﳯ۶
Ϊ׵һˣ쳣ҲޱȣʹûҲһϳīۡ
ƼھԶĵطͣīɨһ飬ʵ˭Ī˭
ʵҲˣһ㽭ֽõ˭ڣǿ϶ҲǸϳĳǾֻԱǸˡ
ī̧֣ҪȥףȻ
Ī˭Цһöϸţëĺ룬ø˼ҹʺá
īûĿʲôˣ
̽¥Ҷ̡֣̽ʹ£ĵҲܲΪȻԼҹС˼ԶԶȲϹӡ
ôľ¥ˣ
īͫһڵ˷·оעӣһʺ򡣡ĳм޷³¡
īһ˵ǿҺģڳһ˿飬¥˵Ųûпǵĵطͷ֣ҵ¥٣ҸȻӭ֮ɨĪ˭һۣ˵Ա֮
Ī˭ֻüЦš
ԼͬУȻī۵ԸԼղܵǼ룬ǿθˡ
ƼԻذƼұȻаԣŶݼףʹȲϱ̣ҲǾ쳣û˴·ҲЩߵ֮ȥҲܱ棬Ǵ˿ЩߵͬǸովĴţȫ˰ɫľߵļ졣
ԳӭǣȻпܲΪĪ˭Ϊ
ٽδӳж̽³ʱڵβסĿ⿴ǰˣ¥Ĵ˵ʵ̫ˣൽǲǰ֮˾ȻǴ˵Ī¥
ָ̲ܿ򶨡һȵŮ֮ų̾˿
Ī˭æƲС顭
ֹ˵ȥĻҡҡͷ£ҲϾûи֣˭õ⺢ӾȻô벻
СںδɷǰһԱ˼ڡ
̵ͷþڸԺӣ׾ҲʹʧŮһԴʲôðģ벻Ҫ֡
ƷûʲôԴϵðīһסʹڲסʹͷȦӺݳȣʧ̬
¥Űɫ£ڸŮƷ˳˸תȥĪ˭ȫӶ
ѾõĴˣĪ˭õĶӣֻѾкϲ֪ĶҩͰ
Ī˭Ҳ֪һ㣬ֻٴӣЦ
ƶСĹľذλǰ棬㣬Ŀӹľɨ
Ƕδ򣿡һ⴫ŹȵŮأһһ˽òֻӱ䣬׽Ůȴֲҡ
ưͣפ˺һм㲻ЩԱļǿҲһЩ׻ܵܵѣȴûһһеˣƺأǿߡ
С㰲áĪ˭ӣеڨڨ
ǸܶѾɨسˡЦһŮнӹϹλǰȻתǸ¥
סĳ
ȣưšü΢΢ס
ˣ޷ߡ
㲻ѹ
첻ΪıκζȻЦŮü̫أǺ¡
ưͷƺھ׽֡Ҽסˡ
˵תһǳһ߳ȥҲûпһۡ
˲ûдúܾãƼ²ӭǣȻԣǲΪѣʾкɫӭ
Ī˭¶ѵõ飬ƺΪԵü㷼ŵƶСꡣ
ڸϾϵдʲô
Ҹҵȱ㣬˻飬ȻǻĪ˭̯֣Ƿϣûκδ̼˼ҵԴǣϾҲֻܹܲ˴
ڻʱͻȻ˵˾ĪĻĪ˭ȴһЦ
֪Ī
Īӣʲô
ҹ̽šĪ˭գۡ
ҹ
һӰڿջϼУȴĳͻȻͣϢȴûκζ
µڣڶģһϣһ˴¡
Ī˭ˣڡȻ
ֲǾӣΪʲôҪĪ˭ӣɫһôҼҲ
ϲܹܴˣҾͻ¥
Ҳֹľưһɡĳ
оϵˣ̧ͷ¶ٵӣô֪ŵ˻͵
ſ̣ΪҪȷϡ
ȷʲô
ȷǲҪˡĪ˭ƿ߽ϵľƺﵹҲȷϺˡ
Īȷʲôپڴա
Ī˭һЦƶСĹľǿյġ

 12 

ƼһѳƶСΪ˻Ѱ̣ȻĪ˭ҹ̽ţȴȻͣõĹľﲢûʬ
澿ʲô
˼ʲô֮Ҳû׷ôͷҲ̧
˵ɣôһزûؼˣҵ￴ҷ׷ɱҲɡĪ˭ſϣԷ˸ۡιģͲϲܹȥһ£ô?
ϲܹܵɹȥˡ
Ī˭һ㶡ôսҪ𣿡
ο꣬ҲǹԪ970ꡣǰγڶηΧ̫ԭۿҪɹԮ˫սξˣɹû˶٣ʱϣȫѹңҲѹľ
γĿʵԿطڲçͬڲǸͷѪˣԼܵϻλҲ˵ЭȻͱȨ֮κвɶΪŴ˫һĵЭ飺˴˾ˮˮɡһԳ֮ҲûʲôȤֻôĪ˭վǺˣս¹ϵˣ޶ԡ
ûʲôϲܹܴЩҶȥɹ۾û뿪ϣһ
Ī˭˵Щ϶Ͳһ㣬ɳͻϣ˺޲ԶԶģȴƫƫУҲͲ¥ˡ¥ǮѾൽʮҲӻ꣬ðΣհɣ
˳Ͽ㣬Ѿ˵ϰ߿£Ҷ𽥳Ϊٹ˵Ʒֶɹг׳󣬵гһϰЩͻȻûеĻô
Ļе棬δĴʣĪ˭ȴ˼
̡Ȼô˵Ī˭ȴ̾˿Ѳ˫Ȳмôֻ²ָ֮㽭ɽ˰ɡ
ףûôߵ˼ȥϹѣҲףԼҪʲô֮;ͿԸıһЩҲȥ
գջһλò٬Ůӣ߶֮죬ɷǶ
Ī˭һת¥ȴұԷ֡ĪôūҾأѵūǺˮ޲ɣ
תĪ˭һõЦݡѦò֮쳹置˭˵Ǻˮޣҵһƴ
ȻϲˣϲѦˡֽΣᵽȥĽŮӣţţƶС㡭˼װԸ޸ˣԭʲôһ¡
ѦЦû֦ҲԽܿԽȥ¥᷿ūλѱԻء
ѱۡĪ˭΢΢鴤ȫǸȻı黳ٱһŮ˵ģ
Ȼ᷿ڿϲܹܴš¥ϢľӪ£ϵ£ԳΪϢݵĹߣջԱĵطȻΪ¥ĲҵϢݵ㡣
Ѧһţɫϴ٬תΪ࣬ʩ˸
¥һæ
ѦˣϴĳǷһ顣ͷеѦˡ
ǴЦѦЦȻŵȴûЮͼҲΪʲôһֱȽϿԭ򡣷ŵһԸ񣬾Ī˭ķǸı䲻˵ģǶԹαȴһƷԸֻܾԼˣƷȴܿһ˵ıʡ
ΣѦ˵ĳǡ
ѦûĪ˭ܿʵҲˡ߽Щƽ¥æҵǽȷ
жĪθУ֪֮󣬾ų¥ҲӦˡ¥뱱̣޹ϸ𣬸ͻȻԸĪ⣬Ϊ˼ɽΣ־ȻԼŹֵĽϵܲݺǣȻҲСŷ棬ԾͲ¥ˡ
ǰ˿½ɽµջֹ
Ѧһ£֪¥߱鲼£Ҳûϵô֪𰸡
ɽʲô
ҡҡͷͷ֪ܵˣǼȻѦУĳǡ
Ѧл˵ԼҽʧٵԭУ²Ҫ⴫ŴҴȥĪ˭һ
̽ʧ١Ī˭һֱűߣѦȥıӰҡҡͷͷҳߣ
˵Լ𣿡Ī˭һģһ߽ٴѶȥѰˡ
˵ܲܲҪһѪĪ˭˸ۣתȥ̫ˣǱԩδޣֱ˵٩СҪһĻοһ
ֻû뵽ɽһССĿջΪǶڵһˡ
Сư
ưվſڣժ¶ϸųӼ䵭ڶ磬ӯһա
¥򡣡һ򣬽еĪ˭СĸȻһ
Ī˭ЦСҽУɻûţ˵Ҳˡ
ư񴽽һžҸλ£һģ뿪֮󣬻û߳ŵĵؽ磬Ҳûпмư񼸺Ѵ֮ҵˡ
ľû𣿡ǹ΢΢Цݡ
ǲȻأĪ˭⣬ֲܵŮȻƧȴУҴ
ҲûлɹһЦƵĿǡҶû
Ī˭òװ𾪵飬˻
ưһ¡Ҳ֪پҸҿ϶ûײĸǿյġ
Ī˭ĵ⡣ʹģҲ뼫İɣСΪʲôأ
ưҧ´̧ͷֱֱĪ˭飬ǰ϶ѽɣǶΪҶ̣ԸһСæҿڲĸǰæ͡
Ī˭ҡҡͷлС⣬ԼȥͼɣͷСˡ
ͻؾôˬ죬һһ㶼ôҿưͷ½ǣȴڲסĿеŭ
ұڹĪ˭ʶͲƼٳκϵ
ʱ̽ڵҹˣСȥɣǼҹ岻ˬЪϢġ
ưۼֻվǣãߣǲҪڣ
תȻȥ
Ī˭Ц
˭˭ˣ
žŮӣҲ˼ԣؾѱ鷳
ڶĪ˭ֵ
ǰɽȥ򲻹ܷһŸϽ뿪ŵؽ硣
˵ưŮӣӣ͵鷳׼Ī˭ɧŵò㶪С˵һԵǺ󻰡
ǱȥɽȻΪѦС

 13 

ɽʮ֮һŵڴ˽éĩƵ𣬵ʿɢ䣬ɽٹ⣬ûкഫɣɽ£չһ˿ܵСÿ³һʮмУʮ֡
Смջ¥Ĳҵ￪ջϲܹǲõģܼ֣Ըһ굽ͷ¥Ȼǲܵģǲͽֵķ·չҲԸ⣬ɽֵɽȴʮģʺɢޣջΪϢĵط׬ǮΪʹãء
ȴû뵽θպó
ٳʾ֮ջĴƹԳӭǡ
ӣƹʮͣʵ֮ȴ˷ССĻԣˮϷѾˣϢǡ
ҡҡͷһ·ȴǺۣ½͢ĶȽϺ档ϲܹһˣǲˣ
ƹһ㶣û뵽һ𣬿˺Ҫòɣոճȥˣһȳŵ깫ӡ
ȳţü·뵽ʲô
ƹͷǵģ깫ӽ°ãʮƯϧȽе㲻㣬һȡһԼ˵Σû˵ȥ
δʲôʱߵģĸȥˣ
ٸոգԼǰķˣС˸ˣλڸٵĿ书ƺǳߣǵֻԶԶ׺ţճӾͱˣ˴øٵ˻ƹЦ
ţܾȳǸؼ½͢Ϊ˿Լǲ̥ǣԸԴΪ⿪ǵ֮䣬ǲϵ
ӣ̽û˵ѯ
ȥڿջ˳㴫Ѧǡ
ӣһ
˵ҡҡͷֱҲջȴ򵥣̽书ڽȻҲ㲻һĸ֣ԼʹṦȱݣֻͽȻΪ׸
һƬ֡
ʱڣԵúҶһأһһƬľϴȥɪɱ
ɫ۱÷·ȴȻĮı·ֻҲƵᡣ
Ҳиˡ
Ͳʮѩ׵ĺ¶ϣ񣬸ˣֻ£Ȼʮ䡣
½͢һۣЦòȴü֮䳣ͣסһ˿֮ȥƽʧɫ֡
磬𣿡
½͢ûͷƾܱˣϾιв
ǵı飬ȴûзϡ
˼״һЦܵôĿ϶ཻ¥˲𡣡
ʱԼΣǣ֣֤Լ뷨
½͢ûлͷֲҪԼȥˣǶ֣ҲǸᱳĶ֡
̾˿磬ҷֱʮأ˫ҲѾˣ֮ˣĪ
½͢˵˵һô򵥣ȫû
Źȵֽ˽ôҿԼ뱱̣һôü¶ڴؿ
Ĵţ֪ڹòĸ֮ҲɰˣڱֻܴӷֲһССĽûʮŬ̳½͢˵һ仰ˣȴ깫ҪĴ𰸡
½ҧҧƺҲ̲סϷߺޡҼǵСʱ򣬵رƫ㣬ΪȳӣʲôɾޣͲһˣʴӱ䵱ŶΪͽǼʣˣҲֿô꣬û뵽ټʱ㻹ô飬һҲֵܵ꣡
½͢΢΢šüҪ㣬ڿ㲢Ҫ˵չˡ
˵ʵԷȫµĴŶԵùˣ˵Ͷ֮䣬ǳλʩģˣҪշ
½˺󼸲̧ͷЦЦһᣬȻܾˣǾֻõˡ
в˼ʮ֦½͢˵ͷֱֱ
ȥƺܿ죬ѰٶȣͷϣûпҲˡ
ֻҪûнղ֮Ҫܡ
½֣͢Ҫ㿪ѣѵ˫ȲмṦ㿪
ȫЩûпܡ
鲢˳
ǰŮ·һٿȻ֣ųһĽһµɱ
½ͲӰ
Ϸǧһǰ滹еŽ㣬ô
ʱ½͢ϾĬҪ˵ͷ΢΢һƫΪͷߵʱһɨ˷ȫھͷֻк֮ĵϡǱ½͢һ䣬ӰȻʧȻʧȥĿ꣬Ůһ㶣죬һתͷɫӵѾվ˵һʹء
ŮĽѰĽǴСͱѵͬͬʳΪ˾Ĭһ׺ϻֺ֮ϻŮ֮Ͷϡͨĺ赽֮ͬΪ˾ñ˴˺޸ңľӵ¡˶ʮ꣬Ѿȴǰ˼оƳˡ
ǲҴϢϮ½͢ɣϵתĿ곯˶һ֦֮ͷԵ֣Ϣȫޡ
ͷüְӵдʹ½͢ǱһƬҶִһˡ
ʣһˣȴǸˡ
ûȥ׷
ûԷϸ֮ǰ׷ȥҲͽȻ
½߽͢˵һᣬ¾ǺȻ̤գһ˽ȥ

 14 

ص׵һ˲䣬ͷһͬʱҲѹպýںסҶϱϾ綾ҩƬƬɫĹâ½͢ϣȴҶϵľ綾ò뷨ȥԵ΢ЩѣΪȽŵ⣬ϰṦƾǿ˫ƵסǽԻƣҲɸı䲻޴ƾ״ˤȥҪأƵʾѨ
ϡ½磬úϢһ°ɣһҵ顣
䵽ף̧ͷ˱ҶסĶڣѲ⣬ɼѨж½͢ƮƮվڵϣȴûôˣݲȣҲֻڵϣվš
ͷ½ˡ΢΢Ц
½͢ɼصͷ˵꣬ѽηãһѽᱧϡ
ѨܴǰԶиͨףǽϡ¶˹ĺۼ̦ȴʾѨ½ΪȥڵģѴ˵ġ
Цĳ½ͬһη񣿡
½͢΢΢𴽽ǣ˽ȥ
ͨٺõҲ޷ڰ֮оʲô
ӣΧʱһСƬϸϸ鿴ͨԵǽڣЩ£Ϻõĺϡ
üһ뷨ȴҿ϶
½͢˼ļ϶վԱ߾ûʱתͷǰ׵ڣİ֪ʲô
ʱһһεعȥǰٶȺΪҪȷһЩÿͣʱ½͢ҲͣҴûдߴٹ
ǳ˽ʱ֮󣬲ڼһţϵӵͼڣ廭ʲôһŷԶЩⸯãԾ뿴ֽдʲô
źж½͢ͻȻ޵ǵķһ̶ȣ֮ڵиӦ
һ˰Σȴֻ೤ȵĺ
޷жﻹǻ½͢ҡҡͷ
ֽڵһϣȥһЩһֱҷ𣬷ֽɷ軭ż֣òſһۼħаۡЩֲС׭Ǵ׭ʱ֣Ǹԭʮ˼ֻ⼸־ʲô˼
书ٸߣҲκԼм˫ȣ޷ߣܲˤӣҲḶȱ˸ŬֲĲ㡣ˣ㲻УҲϣܵ߶ڻûпʼѧ书֮ǰõǲͬʱҲΪ׼ʱ飬Ȼģ϶£ҵ󣬸еԣĿУ޹鼮ͳͳˡĵҽٹһĶζϾʱĴ򷢣Ҳǿʶ
ԨҲܽϵĶڡ
ۡ۶йأôħָʲô
źĶ½͢Ҳ޷жϡ
½͢
Σ뻹Ǵӳ飿
书ٸҲ޵Уж侲̬ȱһɵġ
¥ͺá½͢ȻԼʱľ
ǱǰɡͷһֽֽʱΪĩ
·һ־ѾζǺ·ˡ
ܾסŵŴķֽ
Ȼ࣬ûһ͵ĵزѧ֮˿ȫ⣬οµĸ֡
һΪأڵϣеأ½͢Щ򿪡
ûпùζźһ֮ǰްǵĿҲ
ڰ棬ʲô

 15 

ֻϰ֮˵ĸо
ܰιĻԵʮ̶ִΪǵķֽһֱҵġ
ӺܿˣͨҲպ꣬ڻȼһ̣ǿǰͨ
ߵˮͻȻ
ұߡ½͢ô˵Ϊˮ޷ˮ
룬ͷ
ڴʱұͨһ޵·ӾȪ֮´ַ·ڶ
ȻɫȴѰԽ䱸
ǰҲѣû·ԷȻƵȻ϶ʮּ֣סǵĶн赶ɱ֮ġ
½͢ûһ㱻ֵƵķŭδ֪ΣüޣҲһֱֻܹһ£΢Щζ
㣬ȴɳΪǿߣˣΣǰʲôӦ
һΪһΪȪ䣬
ϵĸҥӵصԼԼƮϹݵ
и˻ԽԽƺ֣ȴüüĿ续Ŷׯ̬Ϥһ𣬱ҪֵӾָͣ䣬Ҳȥ
ֻǵ͵͵أ֣·˼ૣƼ΢
ϵɢȥ¶һŽεգϤ
ϡںܶǰµ·ʱһôЦ߹˵ԲҲˣҺˣֲˡ
ഫһʹ
ԣǲң壬Ӧû෽ļġ
Ϊʲôио
ǲиоġ
ţΪʲô
һʼҲΪһˣ͡
ĸʲôǶϳصϷǰλûֿ꣬ʼһΡ
ôһţΪʲô
ңԶƺǰŮӿдӾһ޴տãϵЩֲϵػԺһһػص·Ҫһش
һЦӵ
ǰɢ
ղŲһӰ
صڼžԵøࡣ
½͢ԷҲڿ
Щʲʯ֮䣬ֻ˾Ҳ;÷
½͢Ӱ죬Ͼϸ۲ߵˡħ
΢΢𣬼ûϣҲûϡ
ǻܴִ·ҪҲȥ־֮ᣬϺУ˵ѰƬʧʣǺŵģҲΪˣǰĪΣգŸء
ƺѾ
ԽԽҲԽԽɲˣǼϸƵĳֲ֪ħﱻѹãԹޡ
κʲô֨Ĵ죬½͢ȥһᣬվ˹ǡ
ִϴ½͢дʱùİޣַηϣ½͢λǰûκζȴȫ䱸
ƺȸղǰͨҪֲָ£·ûоͷһ㡣ʱ־岢ﱾڲ֪¡
ͻȻ䣬ԭֹĿ˲ǰһɴ̹Ǻһƿֱֱ֮¡
ӹעȴֻһ£ڰнߣڿһֵֻצӣֻֻϳëڵָ׳һ磬ƺȾ˾綾ָף˿üֻд
ͷаͬʱɨһöԷִǶһֶһ¡
һвڵָɲǡ
½͢ʳжָֳסμˡ
ָȫʹʯҲ޷ֱֱֵָ͸Ƕ壬ڲȴֻб䣬й̵Ѫ֮
˼ж㣬½͢һζĽץסһֱ˺ü󲽣ȻǶȴûΪǵȴͣ٣ɲݵز½͢һָİֻǰޣǰĴ
ǵҪסľ
һͺȵˣǰ
½͢˼ץס˳ʱ·ˣһ߳ԻǶĹơ
˱ӶסĶڣͨڼĵ£ܴĵطҹۣ֮ҲȻҲһֱԷĿԭֻǵ͸ղŵϣͻȻ֮뵽һЩ5
һֱ˵Ķ·Ƕ·֪ػ˹ƣȴǰ벽ۣԷͷȥ
ӽڣͷмֱ㲻ǿңҲǿ˶ԷĿ
ԷԶûҪߴͨʵûа취ֱ壬ֻ΢ŲӣëϡܿΣȴѾĿȫǣüĴһֻ۾ǣɢ̹ܵĹâ۾¶Ƕ΢΢˻˻·δˣ˶˷ܡ
šü˫ηһģöͿ˾綾Ƕ壬Էͽһâʢþȫ˹иӷ˫צֱֱָ˫硣
ӵԷ΢΢һ٣ָϻ·¼Ѫۡ
½͢ϣƷ罫Ϸѹ΢𿪣ʱʢӶֱǶյ˻һҪ󵯿
ȴʹȥΪ˽аһǶξסһϡ
Ƕ˻һָװסǽڣ¼ϸ̶ȴɲرǰֱڵһգӦ½͢ԾǴ£һͷѵ
ͬʱԷͷ۾ҺѣǶذҲĿ꣬һѴ㶾С漴ſѪڣǿ΢ţ½ֽ͢Է촦ֻ˶־ǻ۵Ĺ¡
ղŵĻӰġ΢΢˿ͻȻеƣ롣
ʲô֣½͢üסļͷ󱳡ˡ
޷ղΪǰе㷢ڣɱ˱ۡû´Ӧǽкɡ
쾭ƣϷˣߣ̻Ŀڶϣ磬Իɣ֮󺵣ǧһĸ
صкɣܲľïʢȻ˵ҲɾţֻǵѾҷ˵ķǹؼӷֽƺһֻڹ۶Ѿѹ˵׷ݵصĹȣڵγҲѾǧʷﱻѹôʱ䣬Ȼܹˣѹʱ򣬲֪Ҫֱ½ˣһΪһ壬ԼĴ硣
ô½½͢ӦֵܰɣĿʲô
ֻþԽԽŨ˵壬ʶҲģ壬ڰ

 16 

·ܳ
һҲͷҲǻһƬ
ֻȴˣһһһ볣졣
֪·ͨҲ֪ԼҪߵȥ㲻㣬㾪žޣȨ죬޷ԤԼδ⡣ʲôҲ죬˵ģҲעģģҲҲ֮С
Ҫ˵ʱΨһȥһԼǣ֮ʱȴҪΪˣΪⲻܲ˵һ⡣
ô·Ҫߵʱ
½͢
յ˫ۣͷʪȣʾѾԣֻǲʱ̸Цüͷ΢΢šţҪһֱߣ·ס
ղͻȻû½͢ԣһȻԭѪۣѾϺɫѪˮɫָд˶ԣԲңҲʧȥʶ
²˳٣½͢ɫأ˼Ѩó̵ҩƷ˿ι´ƿֽʣµȫɷĩڶԷ˴޿ϧ֮ɫ˵Щ֮𿴵Ҫʹϧѡ
˿Ѫֹסֻɺдϣ඾δ壬½͢һ䣬ﶼ£ÿڽ˿ϵĶһһ˱ֵƵϺ󱳣Ƴ඾ȷһʧ
л½΢³ȴ˿ͷϵĺҲ𽥻ָʹգڿܵķΧڣԿ⣬ʵ̣Բ֮١صļԣw w w.2 7 t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
Ҷ𡣡½͢ˣתȥӷűǻе䵭ղһգҲɵ΢΢ݡ
صӦΪ⺵ɶ裬ǰҲг·˿ɫ԰ףӰϣӶϷֱ⵭ϣƽȴ˸о½͢˿ڣȻ֪жۣ˿̼ˣҲɶһ
½͢ͷͻȻ½׵ܣαʣ¥ˡ
ЦЦ˻ƣּ˼԰׵ɫȾϼ̺졣ĳ£Եд˽٣ο֣ʲôѽ⣿
½֮͢ˣô˵ҲֻǶԷǾ֣ȼδйڴ
ƹɵʬ壬֮ǰǰķȥ˳˺ܶ࣬ûκ
߹ղźɳֹĵطһֱǰãֿͷֻûţûаƺ·
ǹϷԸε룬ַھͷıһ󣬡Ҫͷ½ˡ
ǽ֮Ȼֻܽ½͢ˡ
ﻨ㣬ҶӰ߲
Ϊǽ֮󣬱ضһͨԹû뵽Ǻա
Լ˼ˣǹŵһǧĹֻǱЩ˷Ĺֻѹźɵģǽ
ֻһƬľïʢ֮أȴվʮŮӣúǰ档
ΪŮüĿ֮Цӯӯϲ½¥ˣҼҹ˵ˣǧŵȻסλȴû뵽λô졣
վԱߵһˣˮȹ񻣬Ȼɴȴһ۾ϳгɱ˵İ̡
̹δˣŰ̺ЦѾתǧͷ
֣Ϊ⽣еܣɱּׯˣǣ㣬ٴμ棬ȴΪ½½͢飬ộ½ͬϴεĽˣû⽣ܣ½͢ϵõʲô
¥һ²¥ͽ̵̡壬ʮöΪʲôÿ޹ص鶼㣿
̵֮˵£չŵָܶס½͢ա
Цǲ˵Ե
һһЦϲŮЦ죬Դ֮ȴж⡣̣δɵĺѣѵ㾹˼Ҳɣ
һƶСϾ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
ûƶСˡ˵꣬俴Ůӿûй¶ҵݡ
ŮһЦɷǶˡֻ㲻ظ£һˣ㲻лҵĺģң
̣߿ԺϾȻŮΪɵȻ۾ѾŭȴѹȥƲͷȥֻ½͢
ŮҲת½͢½Ǽҹ˼Уҹһۣ֪Ƿǰ
ƽѹźɵǧŵ˼У
½͢ϲԣҲǲȥأ
ŮЦݲ䡣룬ֻʣֵܶˣѵ½һҲ֮ô
½͢۹ڿһǱ飬ѹû
ŮעеάֲסЦݣ̾˿½Ǽҹ񣬵ĵȴǺܺõģΪĳ֣ԵǰһȽŲ㣬ȾزҲþֹ͡ڴˣͷӯڽޡ
½͢δڣȴЦ˼ֳǧ꺵ֳΪģȴҲټ֪в⽣֪Ҫľʲô
Ҫ֮½˵Ҫʮּ򵥣½˵֮ͣ³֮ȴȨƣ޾ٻΪȴ֪˹ִ¥½ѣȰǡ
ʲôܹ֮ȨƣҪ½췴ɣЦ
ԹֻۣһһӲǹ룬ʵǼѶԸֻ֮޹ֻˣݺͿ࣬ް֮ƣӣҲʱʱ档
ЦŮգգۡ¥˵Цˣʥϼλδã³˴治֮£ʲô֮ͣ½֪ˣ
½͢ƾǣˡʣǷʣֻƽһʵ
ƾǣȻˣҲģֻܰס½һᣬҲˡ
һüͷ΢΢
Ů½͢ζģֻһ˲վǰҪ˰ģԷһֻסľΪҲɱ㣿
򶨵ģҲβеĿ־壬ŮǿЦҵֻѣαΪѣʱи޷ŰֻһԿţûг֣н٣¸ӾܻȥҪڹǰٲ
̲֪룬ֻһԵǻȴ˵òϴ¥ҲˣҵҲڹУԴҪЮ羡ȥ㣬ʧء
仰ӡ֤룬½͢ЮסŮȴԼУСˣй¶ܣ
ʲôܣǶ˵ֻ뵽˰աŰ彫һ򾡣ȴǵ֣ǧﶼǲΣס
½͢ſ糣³һ֣
糴ӹŹӳݺݺ˰һۣŲӣ̲ʧȣ½ӯӯһȥеʧЦ
Щɢȥ̲°ɣ
½͢΢΢ҡͷҲ̳һû£󷨲ãгҲȫ֪
̳֮ϴξ̹˵ҲͲ׷ʣֻǻһתôҪǣ
нԿס½͢û˿.

 17 

ڳ˿ڴϣ˸ˬ
ڰ¿ԺúĴһˡɫüëһߵǰ֧ŴһԾӿջ¥£ĻҳС¥ȥ
ο꣬Կطλھʮķ֮ҲԸ⾭һս룬ͳһȻ顣Ǭ꣬Ҳǰη񣬺ƽ㱻Ϊ츮֮丸ִ֪ڼ䣬ûзսңι񣬶ԷǲսطսҲٵĵ֮һԭǨӵ̶̼ʮ䣬ķ̶ѾѷԭһЩģȽСĳҲһɰҵľ󡣶ڰ˵˭ʵ۲ص㣬صʵܷΪǴ
һСɶԶֿٵʮ֣ϵ潼ҵҲԵúܷһ¥д¥ٷ¥죬ĿĲΪ׬ο͵Ǯ̫ţֻʺһЩīͺǮûǰһС˵ֱ¶ǵֵȻܻӭġ
ڼҵʱϵ̫ܵûȥֵط֮Ī˭ʽɽׯׯЦ̸֮󣬵˺֮ģҪȥһɣֻһ·ϱǶϣһֱڲ˦
¥𱿴ôԺһ£Ҳŵģȴûпɵģãι۵ģ˳еøӶס
һתԵЦ档ӹգҪûǰ᣿
ڻЩʷκŮһȣһӣҴҵɡ
𱰵Ц黹Ǹ
һ᷿ԵȣԹ˳ȥ
ڰصƬ̣ͷ᷿űƿˣŮӣжŹϹʳЦӯӯ
ӾõˣūСȻ
ūС󡣡
ᱡذ¶һͺ˴롣
ŮӼ״ԳԵЦ˶Ū֮ģһһȥ
ڻڣͻȻеˣΪתעҲŮӵĶŪò£ʼȾơ
¶ǣɫ죬Ҳе磬ľֻ¥֮еľƣ޲˴ҩէȻ֪ŵ
Щȣ૵ȥ֡ƿҶŮš
ŮӾɷȤҲȥ˴һ˵Цõ⿡ε깫ӻΡ
Ϣӭ˼ְ֣ԭ·أͻȻдϤ˵ЦƤǱϢṦһȥ
вĻжҳҶ̵İԣűˣԼӯƣڵĻȥֻЩϲ̨£ֻ̬۽磬֪ѾԶԼǼ䷿˼ƫƧ֮
ҪЮ
ԼϤ֣䣬ϢЩ
³ɡλ
˵СѶڴҲ٣Խļ֮£Ϣһ
һöӴƴϮ
ˣ
ڲ˼תˡ
һɴ̹ǺϮٶȲȴӰΣڼӿٶȣָоȴѲͷʱ䶼ûС
˵ģ¥ϵʽ
캮ԽԽṦȴѾ˼ޡ
ںȻϵеǶ
⡣
ʱ캮·ϵ˶׷״Ϻص·ȴӰ֡
С
뵽¥Ȼǿ¸һլ
̽ǣׯϣŴ˼ҵͷȴĸߵϷٲȻдš򸮡֣·ֻһң˵Ĺٻ¸ۡ
̽ǰţһᣬű㿪ˡ
ŵһ͵ˣ棬ű̽ˣƶʱЦһ仨
ӣˡ
ƽƽһ仰̺һЩϲ顣
ĵһ˿ůЦҲֿ
ţһˡ
¥ΪĹ˲ˮ׼ʳ˲ײһţȥֺͨǰ㱨˴
սãһѵŮ漴Ҳ˽
Сܿɺã
ܿͷЦ˸¡һ㰲ãϲܹɹδ飬ŭȥӲձˣ˵ˣЩȣһá
ϲŭˣ֮£ƹ¥ܹܣϲʮΪܿʮΪףһ¥ҲʦˣϲĪ⣬걻¥ȸж֮⣬˼һ𳤴Ĺ¶ȥ֮⣬˴˸ѻˡ
ӣ˵һ·ϣ˿ɲ١ܿԸΡ
ھ·ͱ˦ˡٵע·
½͢ɽ·֮½͢ر̣ٻ̽ػؿ⣬һ·ϸ˲ˣȴûгֻ֣̽跨˦
ܿ΢΢üӿ֪Ϊˣ
ȴʣ̽ĽΣ
Ѳ鵽ԷɢֺΣǵ˲ãһ˿ԼĪйء֪ܿԼҹӼ볯͢йصǷǣȴԲò֪ľٶҲζų͢Ķ򣬱㽫ԼƲҲ˵˳
ȴ෴
Թ壬ʥ֮ܣڳȥزߵֵоУӵ̫֮ϲʷ˵ѧҵܡ
һˡ
ֳֻŶ˼
ڵʱѾԶȺ۲ȻެɹڲõĽⲢһǸһľ˲Ŷ췴ĻȻ֪һЩ£Ҳӵ˳۵ĵλͲƸȴζԼ޵С֮ļʮһ䣬һκܳʱĶţǱ˴ʵעʷκ޷ıģȻҲ
ֻϣԼܼķΧԼߵ˶޾УڳҵδҲȥ㡣
ڣˣּׯס½͢޲ʡ
δ̫ڣ㾿ʲô
ũʮһ±Ϊ¡
ꡣ
һİ˵·ݣζſϢʼ׼Ʒ
ѩˣס覵ѩܿϲȴڻͷ÷һ
˾÷£ϸѩƮ·ϣ漴ڣͷҲǵİɫ̧ͷ÷£ǺЦɲǷ㣬ܿͻȻӿͷĸж
ѩ׷ꡣ
þûһˣܿͻȻַŵţ˿ϣ궬֮ǰϲܹܻ
ǣҵˡĶ΢΢̾Ϣ
ܿգգۣӿۿգȥվ̲סȥ͵͵תйӣǵˡ
ǵøʶʱСȴѾһϳɵģ¥нĹģͳɾͣ벻¥ĿľӪ벻ֶΣ¥ʱҲֻ΢΢ȴᣬǱ˭ҪףƵȻ£ȴһԸȥԼߵ˵ġ
緢ģģûϵĲмµ·̡Ĺӣл۵ŮӣûвᷢõİɣֻҪŮӣۣͷ
ӡһµŮӱһ̳߹ʢȴδױ
˼üе졣˵Сˣô˸̳
˼հֻĸСΪµķսң˱÷С޲£Էȴ޸֮и޳ԴĻ䣬ټޣ˽װ
½飬ָơ
ŷ⡣
˾ѩ趬÷ѩ֮ʱážϲʮ³ɽѩ
̶仰ȴЦݡ
Ǳ֮ţǶ֮Լš
½͢ˣȤúܡ
ƴЦܿͰ˼ʶӶʮ꣬δ˳Ц
ʱһȴҲЦˡ
µ֮ڣڳɶ򴺻¥ڡ
ǸЦŶ˵Ҫ·Ȼѧһ̩ɽǰɫĵꡭ
Ǹļ򣬺˵ȻǶͬͽᣬǾһ·ꡭ
һɱĵ׵ӿ
ϥϵսۡ

 18 

ſ졣
СʢݹȥС΢΢߲ܡ
ԣһס
ι˺⣬ʢһ׵ǰԷȴŤ壬ٳˡ
ҡ⣬ĻͲȥˡ΢΢üв
ԷȻ¶ɬЦݣ࣬ȴɲ˵
ŽľһĻ
ӡسιʳתߺ޵湫½ֻڵȴɫƽͣƬ֮ǰᣬð̰һ̾
Ҵ𣿡½СϣòȥҡϵĲգɫ֮еƽ
ǵġ΢΢ͷԤܹסģȴֻһ죬ˣǵļƻ
ˣ˵·ͨǲƽ׿Ҵ¥һҴǰһСˡ̵ֹ̧Ļһ̾תµĶŵúܡ̳࣬ȡݺǡ
ҡŮòȴӣ¡
½ɫָڷ
ҡĲ
ϴҽ˵ҡĲ񼣣Ⱳָܻˡ½ɫȴһһģȾϱǱ·Ǵӹɢ̶Ҳر֪ΪΪԼ
ȥ²֪ҡЦûûΣ˾ﾲվţĬȻԡ

պī֭ıʼֽϣһһдֵȻȱʵ̬ʱձҲԵԥ
Ա߽֣΢΢ҡͷ˵ٴˣдֲĶ⣬ԥǰоҲ޷ҲӰһսĳɰܡ
귽Ск΢΢죬ƶǶţܴ۾¶ɣ˵ĻȴԶġ
¶Ȱɫͷȥϵīۣȥϴ֣ȥɡ
ССԏԳ绶һףҿȥһɣ
еĻ壬͢Ժˬ۰ֶ˵Ҳ֣ΪӵԵ³磬СʮͶԵղͻڡ
ѪԶŮʱܻ¶ѪԵԵһ档ͻͷүԳ򡣡
һʲôģģ
˳һ¡ڲŰ£ȺܺãֻΡעˣˡ
ͷ鷿ϲ衣תͷԵ³ȥɣԷ
СкŻָԣȥ̲סЦ
ʱ⵹˶ʮ꣬Լֻ±ƤɣǸʱ򣬴磬͢һ˻죬ĸ׼𷣡
˼֮ǰѱ˽ҡҡͷѲе˦ЦԼŮ鳤
ү˳΢Ц
û뵽¥ţ롣΢Ц˺ȣһ
˷Ŀ֮ˡλǡ
Ҷ̣ԡЦ
ףսԵʣԽ˴û˿ӣЩ·볯ͬ͢ʱһˣһЩ޷ﵽáԶԷµ֣վû뵽ǸĪ¥ǰ
ĳүһ׮Ĩǲ翪żɽ˿ڲ裬
·ʲôЦ飬ɫȻˣߣҲû˸Һͱ⡣
죬Ц˸оֻ˵ů͡ү԰꣬ĳ˵꣬׮үаһ
Ŷ
ǰľϻڽԱߵĸ߽żϡ
үһۡ
δϻӣ֮ȴɫǺ⣿
үүѰδõĶòУүϧӲϹõġɫδ䣬
ָŷ֣Σ¥Ҫ
ĳҪܼ򵥡ֻϣԺһЩ£үһֻ۱һֻۣĪҪ֡
ۡҪЮ
Ȼǣ̾˿ĳиˣֻϣҵ֮үҪ档ЩҪүһ˿ү˿𺦡
Ŷüɫȴ˵ζѵϧֻ¥ҪҵǱ׽֮ˣѵҲҪԹ۲ɣ
үӢţȻ֪ĳ˼Ҫ˳̽ЦЦŽһһ٣ʹЩ飬үĳΣ
ʲôģ
ʮ֮¹㡣
ɫ䣬ĿĹˣİȴѹ󵨣֪˵ʲô
һ䣬ٶԡͷ΢ЦүȻֽ£Ҫ֮ҲֵѹΪ˾ߣ̹񣬵ʥ֮£Ωү֮ʥϣ¸ӽƽƽˣ˭
Ȼֱˣ˵һε˵ڿڵĻֳֵʢ꣬˼ȴҴ󶯣ȴû뵽һֱԵ¡
תȻɱ⣬Ȼ˳ȴֻһ仰롣ĳԣֻΪүת˼·һǶȥ˼£δܵóõĽˣ书ٸߣٶ࣬վϲ˴ãιξ⻼ƾЩ˾͸ǣ
ϸϸ˼ЩôʣδûеȴԣתһЦǰʹδ¥ɵĽˡ
ҡҡͷԲӣĳֻˣȴҪˣ̼֮һеģǺ׳Կ˵ĳײмֻԿʤԡˡ
ʧЦǿڲ˵ãȴҲǱһϯ˵˴룬֮£ȷʵڼް𺦣ƽ˸飬Լαؾ֮⡣
ȴҪװ˼õģŰ̲ĺվ¥һ飬˺󽭺Źްǡ
˱л塣΢Ц
Բϲ볯˴򽻵ֻԼ֪£ʷĹ켣ΪԼ΢ĩ֮Ľͻʲôı䣬һֱȥЩ˽Ӵ衣ڣòϽֻ֮ԷȻǽָʾҲȻϵǸꡭ
ü̾ϢΣվǲˡ
ҲɱʣȴҶ
ĿȥӰƬ̣˽ݡ
԰ϻ͵̫͢󣬾˵Ǳǧǧߣĸ˼ҵļºкô
ǡ
ȵȣһ£סˡ
үʲôԸ
һ⣬Ǹˣ˵һ㡣
ǡ
Ҫֱû֪ͨ㣬ǲѣڳڱѷᣬֺ㻭㡣

 19 

콥ʱɫͿʼ䰵ʱķС⣬ÿÿʱ·Ҳú٣һЩƫԶɽС򣬵ѩһУ˼·𰲾˵
ѩر磬ϸϸĩëѩһʮ죬Ҿʵ˼ԸڼźȿͷΩΪƶͿˣòڴѩлӺȥ
Ȼȴðѩɽġ
йصɽ࣬ɽһƵݳӡõɽ챦䣬ڸΪɽɽҲ棬ʵ۷ȴϲڴ˴ģɽϵĹʯɳ档
۱ʢѩɽʱ򣬸Ǵ粽Уû˻㣬˵۵ȫԼЩ߲Ը㣬߲Щҩɽҩ̻ǮЩΡ
һһ٣ϵĽгʮһб㱻ɽСͯϪΪӵҲƽ
ϪϾ٣Ͳסһ쵽ڵţżҲȥҩӡϵʿӲԻ磬ϪҲ֪ζʲô
һ磬򿪵۴ţ׼ɨǰѩ㿴һ˴ӵſ·
ȼãҲܺÿ벻õĴʣÿ϶Ҫ˶ÿֵֻǣȴ·Ҫϱߡ
Ϫ棬ɽô꣬Ҳûɽġ
˺ʢǰ־еͻһתתڣˮ
λˣҵһȣ
ͣסŲͰؿ
λСʲô𣿡
Ϫе㲻˼ˮݹȥѩɽһ·ɽͦİɣûˮңˮʣλĻ°ɡ
˴ЦͷĺʾлӹˮһڣֵݸͯҲ̺˼ڡ
ǰûзĺ⣬Ϫ˵ЦȻɽϣȴǲ£ʱԼŲҩȥɽҩ귷ȴܵӣλ翴ҪЩ˺ÿһٱȴȫȻûǵп롣
ǻɽ𣿡Ϫ棬ֶ˾䡣
סѩһȤɽѡ
ɽϣ
ϪɴۣЩ˶䣬ѩɽӣ
˷·𿴳ʣȴֻЦ˵ۿ£С֮ô
ϪҡҡͷҺʦڴ˵ؾסʦ˵¶෱ṇִ̀ţɽϺɽʵɺ쳾쳾֮Ҳ𡣡˵󣬻õСͯҲ˼ºͻ۸
ǳԵʿ֮ôҵüȴֻЦԭˣϵҲǸˣԵݼ
Ϫ¹˼䣬ؿԶȥ
ϵʿϾͣȻãȴ࣬ѵһͶԵˣҲʮָˡ
Ҳʦ˵ĻԵɡ
½͢ϻɽǿʯҲǿɣΪ˿
ɽԣȴǳɽɺ޴ڴѩӳ£ͬԶ볾һ㡣һ޼ʵѩУ˿˿̴ѩӱ⾳Զ
ѩ׵½ǣȴأԸֲɽֲȥƣƽԶԶȥ˷ֲѩˡ
ٴɫ·һȥȴֺرʡŰ£忡Ȼİףɽѩİףƣҽ
û뵽ôˡ
һϤ½͢۵ȴѾ˲
Ҳû뵽ǰôࡣ
˹˺󡣡Цӷʯϡ
ǣ½͢תü
ɽģӦӣһδɢԲϰǶԽӣԲѰ٣ɽµжңǻˡ
ˣ½߽͢£ŵζӿڸ֮ȴҲгһµͷ
˫Ǳ
΢΢һ̧ۿֻЦҡͷɫ쳣
Ժö̽ͣ½ˣѩ׷ɵź죬ɽԲҲһ澰ˡ

 20 

ɽе쳣ƽƽʿġ
ǰڣһֱڱʼҲΪԼȴΪΡΧЩˣϲܹܣܿٺ̽޲ΪģֳͬˣڽЩҳʱҲеԼΣΪǳһƬ԰Ŀıӻ
Զ볾ľףΪܹ׿Щıƣܵݳޡ
ɽҰƮ죬ѩϰ֮˵ϼѵ֮أ½͢ԭΪ̨ɽķˮѾܲˣȴû뵽ɽҪʤһϧ̳ȴܰᵽĽʵڴ档
书½Ⱦ磬ɵ书ԼУͻƵԼġ׻˵ѧֹ㵽ֵĹҲ˵ʹǰ޹˺ߣһһľҶݣִȻѰ󣬷ǡǡԵģڲ䣬ܸͻƵУ̵黨һЦļ֮ͬ
תͷȴ۾˯һ㣬ӳİ£ԵþӰ𪡣
½͢ɨһۣ֪û˯ţȴû˵ŲԱߣһ֦ƽƽһ
Ľ죬ҲлεʽһЩŴɵĽͬȴһһʽ֮䣬ɱվԱߵˣҲ˷Լ޴ӵϢС
һĸ֣ҲһĽ͡
ҲԼе书ƾֽȷȷʵʵЦ
Ϊֻ츳컷ԽͣǾʹش
ϻнݾȴȻûвͶĶһɽ㲻ã֮ҲһɳǼɽ½͢ӵнֳɾͣûоҹԼյĿǲܴﵽġ̸ֻЦֻҷķȣȴȥַǽǿʵĺ£ʵζҪȱ˶౶ࡣ½͢뵽ˣΪ书ҲǴƽյģ΢ЦѪ
ĸǿߡ
½͢һתɱȡ֮ǿΪĲ׾ӵʽȴھͶ֮䣬֪ƽȥƵΡ
Σϣ׾豹档
֪ʲôʱۣŽ֮еİӰв͡
ΪȽŵԵʣϰϰɾҲᳬ½͢ˡ½͢Ľѵ˽һĵزڽֻֻн˴ͨ
ý
һȲʣ˵Ķͣ󣬶ڵϵģһѰӡ
޽н͢һ֣䣬ûжˡЦ̾
Ը⣬泬ҡ½͢һƳһۡ
֪ȰԼר㲻ٴԹ˺Ȳ衣
½͢Ȼ֪룬ȴҲ޷
ƽѵһ֣ȻϣԷܹһר־书һѰͻƣȻ˭Ҳûа취״һˣһζϷģʱҲԼͻʧȥһ൱Ķˡ½͢ź
˷򱾾Ͳͬڷ½͢ڷУⲢϧ˴͡
̨ɽд裬ݾ֮һߣٵջɽ½͢ƽѣҲȥύνѣ˵ȷȷʵʵһ⣬ȴ˷С
ǰڣʮʱ⣬һܹ߲ĿĶӽֻǲҪӻڹ׽ϲܹܡ˼ܿǣҲǧ˿ƵΡ½͢ȴһǿߣҪȥƣҪԼչˣһƽȣ־ҪᶨҲκѹˡ
ʱѩߺ磿Ɑ裬Ц
½͢飬ɽСȥ
ѩѩδڣɽ·ѹ֦ʱ£Ȫʯ԰ףļž½͢ߣ̤ѩ޺ۣΣҲ֮ܲ䣬·ֻʣתһ·
űѩС·һι䣬㿴һۣΪû͹ˣԵª
иڵ۴żͷϥɽʱˮڨꡣ
Сֵôˣ
Ϫ̧ͷεİ¹Ӿǰ΢ЦѯʣԼ޵̫Ͷ룬Եιûֶֻ˸ˣȴ׽ıС
ʦ˼ҲءţϪ૵ȴһˣϲȻѰСͺʦΪ˵ҲĴ
ϴ˵ʦǸϷˣȴôǸʿ΢΢˺棬ɷҲȥ̽һ˼ң
Ϫͷɡ
˽ãͿһ׷ԲԵϵʿϣǰƾɣϵʿϵĵ۶Ѿڲϵʿۣ°΢΢·֪ǽȴûۡ
ʦȥ

΢̾Ϣ𣬾ƴһ˿ӻȪ֮´
ϪϵʿΡΡ̧ݳɹǵ֣ͷҪ˽黳
ʦϪʵǧ˵ֻҪǲˣҿô죿
²˶ڣ˶ֻأѰ
ֻǷôһʿ֮ڣʣ龰Ҳÿڣϵʿȴ·ܵĿ⣬أѵۣ
λͣϵһ󡣡
˵
֮Сͽ˹գɽ֮ʱ˳;е֮࣬Ѱȥ·ȿȡϵʿã˵ȴ֪ǻعⷵգȻ
У֮ͣԵɣֻиɻ󣬵壬ԿԷʣ
ϵʿ΢΢һЦϵ׵˵ʿʱʲʦ뽫²ڸңҶЩ𾭣÷һЩ˵Ҷǲıϵģһ۽ȡ֮˵һء
˿ϧϵⷬ뷨ΪʦŽܣΪʦŽܣµĵţҲݲϵЩۣǱߣȴҲײ࣬ԣҾ˷֮ˣϵûɽһۣҲѾˡ
ԽԽСֻʣ̾ϢֻϪͷ֮¶飬ѽߣҲ˵ˡ
ĬȻϵʿ˵ⷬԵʣȴ֪һġ
֮Ѿá
ƽӺԾӣȻԵΪ𣬵ƳǿʢȻķĻãڽҲͷ׷ðͷôط̫ӭʱΪͳĿĴʢ̿ʼԭӿìܿʼһֱԪûֹͣӳõ˴̸ĲȴȻһɽݶģ£ϵʿּݲɰٴۣȻͷǳʵʡ
ܲ˵ִţֵþصģĹ۵ǳǰģȴΪݣԼȴҲȴԶ볾ĵطĬĬֱ֣սᣬ־û书ΪܣҲġ
ȻӦϵʿȴһ׮£¶ظı飬御
½͢ͷβ鵭뷨ϵʿղ˵Ĳ࣬ϲѰ֮£ûӵùϵʿһԼ룬Ҳʵˣûʲôø̾ġ
ϪȻǿ޵ȥȰοһְϵʿЩڵڶය˼ա
ʦԣظǣԻȻʦ֮ЩȴҲڶĿȾ֮ľ༸վͻָ
̽ǰ֮˱˻ɽɽŵĿջЪϢȴǡýӵ䵱ѶϢ
ʮ֮䵱ｫ䵱ţ¥ǰ

β 

ϴ飬ж˷䵱żδ䣬ȻҪġ
˵¥ıϣݸȻ䵱࣬Ըǰһ۷񣿡
½͢ӹһɨɵȻ
ɡ
ʧЦʱȤ
ͻȻݿʼһ·ϣˣȴϾĪ˭֪ȥңˣȴ˸½͢һֱ̽
ǵꡣ
ϣʲô㲻ģ
ǰ·ʲôڵǣ
 ꡣ

 21 

䵱ɽδΪʢ峯û䣬Ȼûеʷʢʱڣ䵱еĵλӹɵġ
һɽµӭͤеվΪɽָȥ·ҲΪżδڼд衣
ǵʮңŶ룬ȥо񣬼߽ӭȥ׵λ¥
ĳͷ΢ЦѹͲҽˣҲûεģ˼һ۱˳
ǵ˵ɣλЩˣδոտʼɽµȺλƶɡ
䵱ɽ֮ߵģ͵ģ䵱ɵĶ꾭Ӫ£ɽŵһЩݾߣһЩС··û˴죬ƾԼҪɽѵʱͻܶ࣬ҲԷһĻ֮ơ
ʱŽδѾڽУӦǰˣлжɵСľУ󾭹ϴʦų飬Ȼɳ˲٣Ҳ΢Щصķ緶ˡǼ˼˸Χλûжע⣬ҲǴźмϿֻԶԶľ˳ЦǺʲ⡣
ԭ䵱ɵ׼ҵӣȻΪҲش󷽣ȴûгң䵱ɵĹ涨ÿһţܹ̳ǰ²ģǳ޵ˡĹ涨һڵģҪĵͺܶ࣬ר־оѧ½ܹ͢һ̣ʱ׿񣬻һȺˣ±ϾҲôһ
ţҪϴѵ룬ԣӹŵλʦһҪȥʽ׼ҵӳΪһˡ
µʱѾϵۣѵʾׯ£ҲҴΧײĵ֣Թ߳ף𻯳֮С
δԶûнϸ񣬾ʽ£ϵۣܹѵ룬ǳˣţŽеĻԭ֡ȽӹԺ䵱ɵˡ
ϵȴڳÿ˵Ķ
ǣӶǴѵͶ飬䵱ɷ󡣡
ʦǵ䵱ɿɽʦãǵȻãҲʵ塣
ϵ˫ŷɫȻҪУȴԶһֹٲȻŮ
ţ
һҵĿȻ߿ȥ
ȴһˣһȺˡ
ŰȹƮ˫һȥŮӣֻɴ棬ա
ɽһʯף̤ӯĲڴĿյߣ٣ŲȴСҲѹڳû˷
ʲôˣڴ˷䵱һֲ͵ĳϺȵ
ȻҳġΪһŮЦǸղ˵֮ˡȻ֮⣬ȴ䵱˻ðɡ
䵱ţϵֹڵŭ⡣λҳҲиԵɣ䵱ʴ˽ԹΪΣ
Ůӵ䵱Ȼûеǵĵطǰλڴȴеġ
˻һڽԻȻ
أҲ̲סüá
ǰⳡ潣ţһþ͵ûӵ򣬿ſһѪսҲټ㷣ȴ˷ܺͿֵ
δǴΪʲôƫƫҹȥ£һ˱ˣԻҪɱ䵱ˣֳԱߵ˵Ľŭʡ
ɻǵðǰѩϵлȻ
ֻһ仰ɫ䡣
ʧ̬ȻҲ˽䵱Ҳ졣

ƾʲôʼ˻ţܱѵȴأŮЦһСŮӽǰ䵱ΪУֻ뽫˵ĳ¹ôҶλνĴʲôɫ
ҰɫȴʲôҲ˵ֻͷеĽ
һ߷ӦȻ֪д飬ŮӺг䵱ԵʮѿȴòסŮ˵ȥ䵱ڼɣŮԿţǲ˵ֻ֣»ڳΪɱڡ
ҲȤȴΪŮҪ˵飬Ϊһˡ
ȺŮм䣬иװһȴԵеߴˣûŮһ䵱ˣƴգ۾
̾ԣĺװʶñ˶
ӻȥĪ˭ȻȺŮм䣬ǣȻѧ˼ҰŮװɴ

 22 

ʵ¼ȲҲ档
ǰﻹʢʱ򣬷ʦţ·ݷѩţ꣬ҲûʲôڱεĵطȻʪ·ɣָоҲ˺ܡˣ˵ǵش˼ҵС㣬̽סлС˵ûɡͽԼɡ裬ҪллС³һ񣬱㻹һԵʱȻҲŮ£γŮ֮ûѧʢеʱôϽܶлҲӦġ
˵Ҳɣ׼뿪ݵʱλлС㣬ʱȴֵлСˡ̽׹;ˣƴסˣܣһС㣬Ȼܵÿ죬ɾڿ챻׷ϵʱ򣬸պײ
֮Ӣ۾˽ｫٺã˵ûȥʦţһھͻӭȢص䵱֮ʦȴ˵һ飬⽫²ڸֻδֲǳˣԻҪӿҲϣԼ
˵Ȣ֮λأͨ˵ҲǰߣԽ˵ͲԳ۶ʳڣʦŶмӣԼӳּׯǴ⣬δйʧ֣˫ڴ֮ΪһŮӾԼʮ׷һУֵֵã
һ֮ãȥԼõĵطλлС㣬Լȴ¶ˡ˭֪ȥ˻˵лС㲻ˣǰˡβеϲʱţָоҲȥΪһҲֵʱ򣬵׼̤䵱λõʱȴͻȻǲǵðǰѩϵлȻ
ѵϣѭ
˵λ˵ģǲģСʦҲ䵱ſϣгʹ
ûлشֻؿԼеĽ
֪٣ֺαʣŮЦлС̥ᣬҵȶȲˣδУֲһؼҸ֪ĸĵһΣڽԼҵˣԷ׷ϣļ֮´ʯϹǺӡûˣԼҲشһ𡣡
𣿡е̧ͷŮӣֻü֮еϤԶа֮ãóȻϡ
˵ģôԼֻˡ
˾һµʱ佫ӹŹ˻ŮӲЦƽҲ޲ȴһҲкˡ
ֳŮ˵£ʱ￴˵ģôֻһӴ䵱ţСˡ
䵱ѿ쳣ַãʮֱŵİ׺һһ˾õһ˺ܻܿ
ȻȻɣ￴ŮӣɫͻȻֻǻʮֲ԰ס
лȻѾˣǰˣڴϴˡŮӵת䵱šǰֻΪԩŮָѵ䵱ɵҪʼϣ
㲻Ҫ̫һ䵱ɵŽȥ
ס֣źֹתͷ˵Ҫ׿˵˵ǲģ
Ī˭аŮװױʵܾͷ·Ŀ飬ͱ˾
ܶ˶֪ݵ֣֪»жգ۾ˣȻױݺװ޿ޣȻҲ˲࣬Щǲܸıģʶ꣬Լգۣע⵽ҪԱߵŮӴһȦȻ֪˭
ᣬĪ˭ֲգˣ۹۱ǣǹģ͸Ůһʮֹء
֪ΪʲôҪݻ棬Ҳ֪ȺŮӵֻܾ䡣
½͢ԣֻһȽĵϷĪ˭ȻϲϳҲȤ֪ΪʲôҪô
һ
˱ֻۣ޳Īڴˡ
һ̻۵ǣת֮ͱɼȲʦţŮӵСˣ⿴۹⣬ʹû˵Ҳף޷Ǽűģӣֻ
ʦСͶΪأ۰ʦأɬ˵ģġ
㣬㣡һƹȥ֡䵱ٺõҲܲĴ޷ţƽĵӣȻˡ
е۾˿̶䵱ţ뿴δ׮ʡ
һʮ꣬뷢԰ȴɷǣվվȣһԵĵæסȴһַ
ʦŲңͽ
ͽ𡭡ʦʦţˡ
Ľȥͨһ䵱ǰ
ʦﲻТ飬˼ҵʦŵޱ飬۾¶ĪľֽתŮӵķ
ȻһҶԲ㣬ֻлٳ
˵պὣһĨ

ʦ֣

ֳҳһţ˿ٽҲûŽ벱ӵľһϰбľģ˭Ҳֹ
䵱ŵȥȴڼ˿֮Ȼ֣̾һ
ŮҲûϵޣ˰ΣŮ֮󣬲һԲڱߣ˭Ҳûйȥסǡ
еĪ˭Ҳߣͷ˸ۡ
̽Ҳע⵽ˡ
ӣŮʲôˣĪǾʶʵ˵Ǿãǹ˸䣬ǲ˵
졣
䵱ⳡʣȻҪȹֻܱлͣұʾ⣬׷ȥȴûߣɽһջЪ
ԤУϻ·̾˿Ī˭ͨûʲôµġֿ͢ɻδ⣿
ȷʵס½͢ڣȴԳһ˵֣Ǳֵϸˡ
̰䵱֮λֺαŵҲһŮˡ
˼ǣµŮ˶һȻϲŮҸ鷳ľˣ͵͵¥Ҳ˷֣αѰ鷳лȻԼ
½͢仰Ǳʾ£ǲ׺ԻƲסԼĸ飬һϰ֮޵ˣͱ붮ÿԼǷҪ
ֻһʱ鶯Գְɡһûϵ⣬һ£ŵ
Ҳй֮ԵϴεУԼһֻϧӲһ١
㶯飿½͢ͻȻʵ
ʵе⣬˵½͢ôԵˣ΢΢һЦٱ˿ڲ裬ˮеֲڣ¡
ǺԵתƻˣԸ˵ȴҲԸܶԷ½͢Ȼףһۣû˵
ˣţ绪书ʶƸλҲǳͣž޵ģƫƫˣһŮ˶ûУ˵ȥֻ»ŵ˵ӣҲýɫŮϧһ߼
֮ŵպܿ챻ϣΪűͻȻ󿪣ҽһˡ
̵ģˣ
˴һϮŵİɫȹȴ߽һƨϣòǾԳɷȵġ
½͢úȤ
ȴЦ鷳ˡ

 23 

Ī˭֮󣬿ʼ۾
ȻӦԣŮǲ׵ģĪ˭һڻؾư飬Ͼյˡ书κһˣҲĶ֣Ī˭ɾͷʤˡԷʱܱ¶齵᷿ľƱж̿жĶпܱ㣬˳һҲʮ壬Ī˭һ·ȥΰ㣬ȻɾӬһʤ
ѣ˸УȻ㶾ɣҸģȥ置
置شƫԶƧ£置ȴǽ˲СģǾǶ͹ơŵĶ置Ķ˵ĸӸ置ĹƣȴԶܱȡ
Ī˭置Ȼŵľȴһ׮鷳Ƶòִ置ܳһ·ЩŮӣһƣװٰһŮӻ˽ȥȹ۲˺üգϸϸĦҪٰ˵̬ԾȻû˻һֱ쵽䵱
ʲôĪ˭ӳ置˵Ҳ֪ƽ£ծһһҲһֱûг׵ԭʹš
ЩŮʲôˣĪ˭ͺȣһ۱ʣһڵıӣϾ˸ӡ
֪صúܣһ·֮ô˵ֻǶŽᡣ䵱ǸŮģ졣Ī˭Ħ°ͣȺ˵ܸȤ
Ҳ佻󡣡½͢˵һ仰ͣסˣһᵭġ
һǵһʱûɡ
佻һкܵ͵ɣ͵ΪĵһűһӣӸļżԵǽ佻ɵĵӣŮӣҴΪʶĻŮӡڰǰصɣΪЩصɶһʱĵ͵أȴûǵļ֮󣬼ͱʱ½͢ͻȻǽԺļһ
︺ŮģŮ佻󣬾ͱˣڻ𡣡Ī˭ŲӣֳڶϣŤˣԼȴòܾܺûô򵥡
ҪȥðջزҲȥġ
һۿ룬ͷҲû̧ü਱в裬½͢ĽǶȿȥÿɼŰľߡ
Ī˭ڨЦôȥָϣ弸ڶԷϣ̽ڣȻȥˡ
һ豭Ī˭һæգգۣһ޹½ô
վûվ࣬ϰ֮Ϊ½͢һ굽ͷɫвʱ򣬴˿Ҳһƽˮô㣬Լȡ
ЦǰСûбʾκ
Ī˭ûȤӡȥ̽̽ȺŮӵĵϸϻȥĻ¥Ⱦơ
һˡ
űӵֶ˶٣ٺãҲɸֳεı飬ϱ˶Žôѡ
½͢
ʶ֮ǰΨһһԳΪѵˡЦ衣ڴ֮ǰֻԼںܶǰҲ֪ܲߵغ񣬱ѹ㿴ǰң˵һۡǰȻǺܶǰõԼļ䶼еģˣȥ룬̵˹ѪĸܣҲûʱˡ
Ҫн
½͢ؿһۣû˵Σ嵭խĿͷ
Ҳ㡣
Цˡ
֮ԣ᲻ػأġ
Ī˭ȻɵٻûʧŹ˵Ҫһ
һֱڶ죬Ī˭ûгֹ
ʼòס
ԸҪȥȺŮҹڱĿջҪ׷Ѱѡ
̽ģһȥˡ
бڣ赣ĹӵİΣοԼ֣Ѿˣ˭Ϊ㲻бѷˣֻֿԡ
̽ͬһȥء
̾˿붯¥ˣԷһĪ˭ȥ޻أ¥Ҳδؾܡ
ԼмȻ书е֣ʺľ׷ֹ
һεȥ׷٣ǵһƬҶһ컨
½͢ȥ
̽·¼ǺţҪҵǲѣ˼ҵ֮ҪôѾȥˣڲ˽Էϸ£޳취
ҲЧİ취
½͢ȥ
ڷУԼԼ塣
һ壬µ
½͢Ҳûл
һöӷ£Ѱӵ·۵ף˿˿⡣

 24 

С򲢲СӦýд򣬿ҲûԸڽҹˣο˳ҲѿѿʮֺÿиСɽЩȻͬȣúܶ˶עĿ
ˣˡУ̯ӿǸ̯ƣʱһС⣬ȫй䣬ֻߵ·ߣ;̽µļǺš
һСٹո䣬ﵹ徲࣬де֦Ҷǽ˼̽ͷǵ̺ƣԵʮ
Ǻһ䷿ſʧˡ
ⷿϣ㲻ɵģҲóҵʵֻСУע⣬Ŵ˿عţ滹ŰɵĴ
š
һᣬһŲѽһˡ
ŵǸ˫Ůһۣȴûжپȡ
Ҽ˹Ѿãɡ
Ů߽Ժӣһǰ棬ͷһͤ
濴ûʵķӣǱж졣
ͤˡ
곤ȣȻͿˡ
һŮӣòžףһֽŮٸ֮ʣŮӣҪ֡
һˣϤġ
½͢
λγƺЦţ·ʶԱߵˣֻ
¥ǰ䵱Ѿ֪ôСŮлȻ
лȻ˿±ʣһĵĻ꣬һˣҲʹ󹦸ɡ
̧ۿǰˣ۲ӯֻ峺Ƴףѹֵ
޵ˣҲ᲻ذһ㼲˸˵ĸоһƽ޲ĺ
֮ǺΪƽʱ㾭ᱻԻ󣬶Σյʱ
лˡڿУе૵ζ·ڻԼˣ˲ϧ̶̿ܵζ
촽һ¥Ȼ鴫
һھͰӪħˡ
ħʲôаŵִԳ֮ΪߡֻС˵ǻۣһǧǰħԶʤڴߡͨɫζӡеȶ෽ĸоȥԻ˵񣬴ӶﵽǣĵĿģԪʮħ裬ʵҲԴħڹŵħʵǺΪǧħĺɣܹǴңлȻħȻ˵ҲǴۿۡ
лȻȻ֪Щۣħ꣬Ըδ֣ǰһ֣ͽһӻ顣
½еħ
ֵڣ½͢ı飬һֱǵģûʲôֻͬϸһֵ֣ᷢ䵭纮Ĵ̹ˣ֮ǰ²ĵ䵭񣬾һʶˣһ޸
Ȼд󣬽ħ½лȻҡͷʮֺÿֻϧô˶
Ŷ΢΢ͷк棬ȴǲ꣬ͺһġ
ѣ
е㻳ˣȴԾЦ¥Ҳ޷½ơ
˼壬飬ȴһǰ置߹֮һ
̾˿Ȼȴ亱УΪлҵԸɴ˹ƶˡ
ϣֻҪвûʲôġлȻ΢΢һЦ¥ɵйӦñһײǡ
Ȼ޲ƣҲɹҲЦҲΪܹˣŻԿס
лȻɫ΢䣬ǳǳЦ¥ûĶôǰˣֵһ¥أ
ĿӹǰˣȴѲϵ
ˮ˵ô࣬ûһ˿·պ
ֵá
ǮģˣǻġǮûˣ׬ˣͲܸ˱ѩرףαִ£ǰ̤һأ
лȻŭЦἰԼĹ䵱ɽϣΪ˲ﵱ䵱ţ¶Сʧﵽ棬ȴܹ̱
¥壬СŮӵ֪Ϊѣһ
Ӧѽַ½͢ϡ
¡

 25 

˫м¹
лȻˡ
ǰˣϣҲǺصģ뿴֣Ҫν
Цţ·ҪԼ˵΢
Ǻм޷ߣŶ˵Ѿ֪Ҫôһ֪ȥһ¹Ķ
ַס˫ţڵϣְס֣أ壬΢ǰ㣬һס壬һַڵϣƽϰ
лȻһ
𾪵Ĳ¹ʱѣ绪׿ȻһˣưȴȻΪһѣ˵ͷ
ЩˣԼˣҲں⸺ĵ³˰ɡ
ϲԣ俴ţɫͷβûһ˿Цݣ·¹˲лȻ
û뵽¥һ屡ˡٿ½͢ȴޱ飬ԼסţҲûκηӦվá
ˣ֪л˻ʲôȴǺޱĸоܴﵽһĿģֺαںνӡΪˣֶΣʵ̫Ϥûиоˣֻ⻰ȴܳڣлȻˣֻ̼Ч
лȻתͷ½͢½ɣһºòã
½͢ûж
ǰˣ׽ҲҪ˵öأҲûν
Ǿ仰˵꣬½͢ȴ˷Ӧ˵ͷֿޱشţһվ
֡̾͢˿Էȴûһ˿ǰվ
лȻЦ¥ذ׷ˣƳ޽⿪Ŀܣ㵹緳һ£Ҫַã־ܺá
Զ˵ʵȻܾˣǹֻ֣֮Ǳ½͢ԿǺϾɽۻ
ȴˡ
ӻģĴָʳָס
ȴ½͢лȻȥ
ǵʯ֮䡣
½͢ٿȻתۼɼٶ£һƴˡ
˳֣лȻˣվͤмƷ˺üһֱ˲ͣס
ͷһһѪŵİɫ½ϣͬѩغ÷
ͬʱһһö뼲סѨ
á
ΧһƬž
˸ղⷬûΪ˶֣ղ·˫ŮҲˡ
лȻ΢΢ϢǿؿڷӿѪǰˣ޷š
㲻ô
ʱ½͢˫֣ɫȻΨһͬɷŵĽӲתΪаƵģ
½͢û΢΢һЦʱڵϣȴǱ½͢߹ȥᱧϡ
л˿Ǿúܲģ
лȻҧ޺޵Ϊ⣬ǵޣɱɱ
ҡҡͷ򴺻¥꣬ɱģ
лȻһ㶣ЦΣ
ּׯһ£ҲǷΪɣ

ϵģҲǷˣһ¡л尵ˣΪ˱︺ĳɡ⽣в˴ƱԿףҲǴ˵дһĹؼ㲻ϧֶҪѰĪ췴ɣ
ЦݣлȻɫȴܲÿ˵꣬Ҳһʡ
¥ţαΪһ˼ң
ϡϡİһ˳Ⱦͷ
ˣȴ֮ǰּҺɽǸˡ

 26 

ȾͷһһȻͥŲ
˿Ѷϣǽ˶һᣬЦԭǸ£ּһ񣿡
л¥ǣң˷λǰ̸ȴϸ˶£д˾֣¡˾Ͷ֮ȣᣬϱȴδӲ
лȻɫ԰ף̧ͷһۣδ֮⣬΢΢ҧ´˵
л˷ΪıϧҶ˶֮У΢΢̾˿ׯβĿʾǣδʧ⡣
ǽһ٣Ƭ̷¥֪ģ
ԣʽɽׯׯңƣΣּׯһۣ㲢ûһȥˣԸҪּңⲻǺô
Ȼأ
һЦׯ֮Ե۶ϣǻһ㣬ׯϲɽׯҲ˸ʽƷֵӣɵǣլҲڴҲһ֦񡣡
̾΢֪¥
һĨƤߣһȴּׯ̸Цз֮ʽɽׯׯҡ
ұλ˵أ⣬ֻΪ¡ЦĪ¥ͯ㶼á
ǳ  вˣȴûĻתʵׯ˵Ĵ£ָʲô
ԷΪ˴¾ݣ˵½͢ҲЩ̯ᷳһ˵ס
ͤУ۶ҲлȻֻ½ˣЦȥɫȻλұϣ硣
֣һˡ
ơ
֪ΪΪĳˣǸд¡ʮףһжŮӡǺĵڶʵۣҲһݣ˼Կط׾ٵظˡӣ塢
¥ɫ֪ҵ΢Цһ˿Ȼƣȸʡ
ĳ֪ӣڿ⡣
ҷǹڹ⡣һЦ¥ţ֤ݡ
벻Ŷûʲô𣬺λ磬ûʷ¼أɼı飬Ȳ۳ɹ񣬶γ˵ѥɦ΢
֮볯£ɣׯıֻǶΪ
¥αؼŴ𸴣Զλڽһ磬ίôȨϥֻҪˣͲܾջ󡣡Цһ˵ҲҪλһкµһЩڴ²ˮнλһ³֮󣬱½ɽ
ˣ֮һܣȴǲ״ԼӦõõࡣôģлıҲӦÿʱ˺ͣھսҶӣڿΪʵĺҲǡڲȺ۲ʱ򣬶ʼĽ׶ˣɹиڲõĽһγŷսģЩ㲻֪£һܹݹȫֵıʿҲԷֻһͬͲô׳ˡ
ȻԷѽ˵ףҲȦӡҵȶǽçڱһŲ֪¥ʲƣҲĳһ˿ר¥λܹܶǿ֮ˡ
˼ǣסңҲס¥ճѾһױȽƵƣ¥¥Ҳ˷ңΪ˿ɳá
̶Գ͢ûȤ½͢Ӹղŵڣͳ˵ô仰ʱ䶼˵Ҳû
˵ϣ˻û⶯˼Ǿװ׵ľܾˡ
ҲΪ⣬ЦȻˣλڴ˵ס°ɣĳԾ֮ꡣ
ׯǿǣȻЦ
լݶܣԲ˹֣½Ҳܺˣ¥㣬ҾͲҴƱˣܾû¥۵ˣҲϣ㱻ɴ⬡
ɴ⬵ӣҲ뿴ֻ쿴ǿɵˡ
һ̾Ϣͤ϶һˣƤЦ
Ī˭ҿֵǴųġ
ȻҵֺܺҲô֪˻ΪϲˡòĪ˭Цسǰ
أ
ݶϴءĪ˭·ϵĻҳˣ췴죬㻹ܰ췴ô
ׯס𣿡
ƮȻˣһξ֮󣬷֮ͣ£ĳʧ㣬λߣֻ߾ǡ
Ī˭ʧЦ㲻׼µʲô𣿡
߲һӰȥֻͤжõлȻͷβǸġ
׷Ī˭бۡ
ҡסȻȥɡ
ôˣδˣˣصܣζŲ֮顣
뵹ͤелȻû϶ӹһ⣬ղ½͢һƣѾȥй֮꣬Ҳֻڲ϶ȹǶõĳͷˡ
ʱһɵĽѡ
˻صջ̽׼ϴȺ˹
Ī˭ʼɫ˵Լվ˵ľҡͷЦ½͢ԹƷ裬ֻ̽˺عƽкá
ãɢȥֻ½ˡ
ôߣ
ܾ¡ת½͢ǰָϡ
ŴѨ¶ڱ˵У½͢ȴûг֡
Ҳһֱ˴˵ˡ
ɫ糣
ܾòףڱׯУ½͢ԣǸʹȻղҲһһԲȴеˡ
½͢˵ʲôȴһüתͷ³һѪ״ɱϣԴĿġ
ƣվõġ

 27 

ʧ֢֮ν⣿
ˡΪ
ﰲȻӶʮδ˷֣һ֮Щ֪ǻʲôӦ

߽硣
һڹٵϼۡ
ڸоΣ
޷
ڶ˵ݣڽϣһʱ˫ֻǴ˿̶ͬһ֮ڣͬһȥ
½͢ãûʧȥ䣬Ҳÿʮʱһ׶Ĵ̹֮ʹ书ʱɫ԰亹˹Ƶ
ҵ֮
̧ƿһǣתͷüԼɫ
置Ϊϣʵڵ£ǰĴݡϡϵĴ󲿷ִֵɫʵĶҲԴڴˡ
Ʋͬڶ
ҩɫζ֮䷽Ҳҩѭǹȴˣһʯͷһ˿ߣѹͲעϸڣпйƣԶڽ˵ƱȶΪ£ʤǷ޿ɷ
ƵģǺС˵Ľͷ߶ǧ֮أǸӽһһʣݲؽеĳ»ʺ󣬺˵ϵǣʺʧ򣬻ףɳǷʵܳΪѹյһݣʱ˶׹֮Ŀ־
Ȼɲûй㷺ֻڵʱٲֵʮأҾͨ˲࣬ΪǣƼȻͱȻһ¸٣ԽĹҪĴ۾ԽĹҪ¹֮ɣƳ֮¹
¹߼ܽƵĻкˣ
Ȼ¥뱱̵ʵ볯͢ţ¼Щӵ˽Ǯܰ쵽ġ̵ѦȻ˳׹֮Ҳ֪֮٣Ω֮ƣֻ׸置
֪׹Ƶ֮£޷ǵ置֮ȴҲ֮ˡ
۵ˣȴһڣ䳤գȻڣӼǣϵȻأҲһ˿ɫ
ʱıν򣬻ԶδصȵأϵؽǴں츣꣬ҲǹԪ937꣬ѽγ֮󣬴ΪͳãҲΪγϵϡ
һصĹңĽߴԴʱڵ֣ͳ£ȴһ԰ΪĶںϣŮӴ󶼷ƮݣԶ飬ƽŮӣɫȹӣΣҲƽɫ·ƵƵعˡʿڽϼ㿴Ư࿴ۣ˼Ҳ˵ʲô˵ҿ㿡Σתһʻ
ͣһջſڣΪҪţҲΪ·סˡ
һۻɫȹŮץűӣһͷȴξסһ˵˽ֲ£ΧڣŮԱ߻иֽӣмɫƺȰοȴ֪֡
ӾסŮȻǺˣеģ㣬˿ȴüĿǻŮһץסǱӣһֻȴ
أ˰գҲǹġǮ̺ۿΧ۵ԽԽ࣬вΡʦʦ÷Ҫţϧ·͵͵ֵʱѾԶʦţֲһ˻ȥ֮֮ױʦʦߵе㽾ݵʦá
üۣҵ͵͵˼£вǹģһˣҿҪ͵ͲǺˣӣ
˼ҵĵ̣˵˼ҲǺˣⲻûôоֵİտʼеȺ鼤Ǯ̺ͲɿЦһΧⲻǡʦӲƤ̫̱˵㡣
Ҳǿã˼£ô͵ˣ㣬㲻ҪץסСɫǺ죬ԿڲԶԽǼԽ˵
û˵˰ɣ˵͵ôķϣ򱾹ǸˣȻĻץȥ٣ؼģ
㡭Сˣ˵Ȧȴˡ
ؼ״еڣȴǮ̺͵ڶ𣺡ʦã㿴СֿģͲ͵ģɣĪҪˣˡ
֤ȷ䣬ôˣˣұˣҾƫˣͷ𣬱ӴӶԷ룬ָ߸ۿҪ鵽СϣһȥֻվͰˡ
Ǯ̺ʹʧɫСҲѾµñ۾
һ΢ϸ룬Ѷϳء
Ǯ̺ѭȥһöӣǶڿջ档
ӵҪǶ붫ѣ߻ǶɽʯϣҪǡôǱӶϳضֲˣͷѰˣʦֻҲܼѡ
Զԭĵط˾˹
ݣѩαظһûСȥأ
ע⵽ջſڲ֪ʱͣȵǴ洫ġ
ʲô
İӶϳأһ㶱ҪǮ̺æסȭ
֪λǰˣɷ³һ

 28 

ϳǸ꣬óߵԳϳһΡ
ѵ˾вмķˣ
Ǯ̺͡ءͬСɶִͣĶ
һִֻӳ̽ƿӡ
޳𪣬ָڷǮ̺ϵָ޵롣
һֻ˾֡
ֵ˺ܿ˳֫ãж硣
ֻĿȴ
ɫӴڴڷ˿һֱ⴦һϮɫӸĳ˳òѿ෴ʮֺÿƣȴ㲻ɵ˶ĸоѩУ·ϲûʲôֵǣС
˵ɨһۣת̽ڣֽһ˱ϡ
Ķ㽫ҲƵϣһ֮£бֻһ̾ʲôӣô³ɫﶼеССı֮ˡ
ǻˣòøУ̶Żע⵽ƣӣಢǳӢȴΪˣȱס
һҹһȻƣղǮ̺ͱƶǰĻ˶ȷˡ
ϳ꽫ĵСã㵱߽ջȥˣʣ»ں档
ȵȣִŶϱ޵ֺǰ棬ء
˭Ūҵıӣѵ㲻ô
Ϊ֮лһȥԼִֽѵʦΪ˱϶ᡭ
˭֪˴һӵݸ΢΢һЦ³˹ıӣȨ⳥֡
һ㶣û뵽Է֮ãټǰкЦ·һ۾ͿС˼߳ŭ
˭ҪĳӣϺƤƣ˵ģ㣡ָŸղŵС첻Ǹͱˣ
ʦãͿ˵ˣǮ̺ͼòУѾǻһ䣬ƺܲͷӣ⽾ݵСʦõ˻֪Ըղ˵ĹҪǿϵֻ̫ô򵥡Сʦʦ簮δе㲻֪ǳȴǲģλСķϣһƽϡ
˭Ҫ˵ˣ˵ʲôʦ簮ѵĿУôһǴ
аޣƹˤȴǰһ̧һۣʱãҲ˵ˡ
ģ⣬ˣˮգ˲㣬Զʱʱ˽ʲôú˵պҪڡ
ͷһţָȴ벻͸Ǹĵһʱˡ
˵仰㲻ˣ˾Խ˿ջ
ЩԼĥ͸һǧҲá½͢ҶŽעЩСĿˮָϺǣ
Ҳһ䣬ܲĥ͸ԼѡȻһЦΪ·⼸Ϊһϰˡ
˵Ĳ֮ͬ
һ͸飬½ֻ͢վһԹۣϲŭ֣ҲްȴᾡȥһѣûֻҪˣͲڡ
޹شȱֻΪµԭһֲ죬ȴǵĽ顣
ӣղűµǹл̽վſڵٱ¥ûһ
ˣ԰οһ°ɡ
ǡ̽üղҿһŽ¥ƣȴûϸ
¥䵽ġȲĶһ٣һ׮¡
ɡ
Сﱻ߽̽ɫ΢죬ȴ󷽡СʵҲСʮ꣬ڹŴǼǣԼˡ
ллλ˸ղŵĶ顣
ﲻؿ֮Ͷѣʹշ
СҡҡͷûգֽвƼѡ
̣üʲô˻òҩСȡˣҲδΡ
ƼϲɫҲǲǺ𣿡
Ҳֻ̫ţ΢΢һЦСãȻɫȻԺ̫⣬ò˵ֻһ㡣
ƼȴúиУһ·£ҲѻҲգȴ˽̸ղڿջſڿһƥ̲סȥһ£֣֮ǰˣȥҲǻˡ
ȫдϣúЦҲʡ
ȻƼѵǼȻǺˣǴһ顣ǿԭ¥ط
ͷ˵
¥֪𣿡
±ǡ
¥Ƽѵɴ۾һʱܽԼ׼ǧѰҵ˾Ȼǰ

 29 

һ¥Ҳʦ߹¥⴫һ׮⣬Դʱ˵ĶݣƣζһŵһֱҲûпƵ
û뵽ȴһСöƣˡ
ҼǵƣӦڻشֺش
شкݴϲ˺Ҳǽ϶ƣⶼǶʮǰˣش־Ȼ˲ˣͬҲ˲ˡûһЩߵҽëŵģֻҪܼȫʩȡһЩˣײУ˲粻ȣΪȥɱˣЩˣȴܾȣΪҽ߷޷˵ִҲգ˵Լı׼ȥִг͢ɷҲգ֮ˣǲȵġ
ö֮˰кȵɱȵˣûоҲɱݴҽϳɾͼߣȴȻ书ķϣһ书ǿҲֻ֮£ֻԶ磬ܵ˵ʱԶԭ置أһܣǶʮ꣬ԭҲûϢ
ݴϴ¥о֮¥һƣԸΪһ飬˫ûжҲ˵ݴҪ¥ȥɱʵۣҲȥ󡣵ԻشֵΪˣǾƲҪģڶʮҲûмƵĳ֡
ʦˡƼҧ´գգۣŬذˮգȥ
΢΢ݡôģ
˰һæƼѴӻһƣС˼֮ǰ˵ԼҪ置ϣ˵ѾûˣͰƸˣ˵Ը¥һ顣
С޳ǸݣҲȫûлɹͰҪһƽ̾һҪҰʦ𣿡
ɫݴزġ
ȻƼѵͷ
½͢һԣɫǶԻһ׶֮ʹӿͷ·ǧֻϴ˷ӿȴǵۣǼ˿ϻһ˿ϣ̶Σֽ˿ڷϣָоѾԽܳܵļޣһ㣬ӻȪĶ
½͢ˣҲͻ׹Ʒ±ɫü΢΢һ壬תͷ³һѪ
йƵ˻ܱ򶨣ƼȴǴһָ½͢ƣ
ǡ״½͢ԣͨϵԴԴϹ룬һشֵͽܡҲǲ置ˡа취
롭һǰйƣƼʱԼŻæ飬ͷڷȥɫ֪˻Ϊж
Сױݴߣҽˣȴߣݴϧ֮࣬ڣ˳Ҳ̸һǸ˵ĳȴ˺ݴĹִԵĵظӴڿջ֮⣬صȡ֣¶¹ƣ㶾ҲöԷܸѵȴʼռǵʦһ仰һ£Ҫһֲ͹Ȼǿǵ򲻵ѣҲɽڱϣΪܻ㿴˳۵ĵطһһζǳҲø׷ɱ³ݴԭ̵ҪʹĿˣ֪ˣ죬˭֪Ƽ鼫ƣ˶ֵͷûУʦ󣬴置سϾҲûдЩҩһЩҲʦͽʮѰƵһЩһ·͵Ҳû⣬ΨһһαǸղŲر»ݡȴҲܹ置ƫԶƧȴҲ͵ģݴҲһʮû˷ֻ֣ûϵΣհˡ
Ĺʧһʱȥִ̹ǵʹƽϢ½͢ü˴ϵ֡
Ȳ㶾ʱĸܡɫԻ΢΢һЦջ֣˱ۣȥü䷦ɫ
ʤѩ¥һ統ʱ̸ЦĨЦ·Ҳʧȴʲôͬˡ
½͢ؿһۣͻȻ˳ʱü䵭Ц˵ǣһҪһУ½챱̣Ҳһܹרѧϵ׷
ʱԼΪȻ书ζΪǿߣһݿ⣬ϣר棬ΪԶĶ֣뷨һֱҲûиı
˴ӹĹɽһ·жģ٣˵ûмʧɫǰ۷ʲôԶ֮أԣʹٵСˣҲְĵĸо
˿̵ͷ΢΢ұߣɫЩ԰ףüЩ⣬˿𪣬ȴɵЦ⣬Ķ÷Եʮַ⡣
ԭ˴ûбһֱ񵱳˵һȥ
ǣңЩǣΪ˿绽¥Ҳ޷¡
ԭıԼ
֪ʲôоӿͷ̨Щ
书ģЩʲô
½͢Ŀ⵭ɨ󣬸ղָ¶ȣƺš
뵽ˣ
ⲽ⵽ȥĲƼͻȻƷһʱžķΧ
ԺСʹںҲԵú˵ģɰ
˽Сﴭ˿еŵĺҲ֪вУո뵽ġ

 30 

ѩɽϻѩⶥɽҲů紺ǽȴ⡣
£Ϳʼ׷Ʈѩǽգе죬֮һ˺öѩһ覵İɫ֮¡
໨ɽΪףļò軨˴ı߽߱ǽǣֻ⺱ѩһȴˣЩѾʢŵģҲ׷׵лֻ÷ѩԼķ绪
ܿŲ߳ӣͿĨɫӰ÷£΢̧ͷڿµ÷ꡣ
ӡ
߹ȥݺõ®ɽǰ
лл΢𴽽ǣӹһڡѾͷĲֽˡ
ˣ˵ôݲͬҲԸʽĿ
һпɺã
һжãм£ϲܹҵ棬ҲŴӿǱ߹һ·Īӣͬˡ
ͷ¥ϢԼһװ취Ҫ㱨ģɼ鲻С
˿½͢Ҳڴ񣬶Ī˭ȴֺضŲƼС棬ϴΪ˶ư置ǳһ׮º置η½͢飬׷Ҳҧҧܹˣû뵽ȴϴСԵϷĪ˭᲻ˣֻƼѱ׽Ūò¶ˡ
ǣ˵Ҫ¥ĽΪǰ߷ɵ
ü¥ΪȻֻÿٸͨؽϵٲ˵ģǱҲû£ϴŵ׮֮⣬˫ϸȻ֪֮ĽڽǵڣҲ֮ϵ̫УͻȻʨӴ󿪿ڣ
˵һռ͵ˣǹӺġ
ռ͵ġ
˱ۣЦ̾˿ƣ룬Ʒ̡
ܿɫҲٿڣԺһʱֻѩ
˼Ĳ濴һ͵ĸо
ǵԼСʱ򣬵һμǸ۵Сӣ΢ЦؿȴûǸ͵ɻáԼĽֺܼƾʲôͬƶ࣬Ա¥ΪӣΪһ¥ԼȴҪܸĸ˫ͷˣ
֪֮һֱϣΪȣͶˡ
վߣܡ
ԼṦԵ
Լ˫ߵԺ￴ɣܡ
֪Ѿô˰
Ǹһϳȴɰ̲סȥһѵĺӣҲΪ¥Ĺˡ
¥ʵԽԽǿǶӻ֮¡
ǵľ룬ȴѽнԶ
Ҳҹ͵͵ʱ򣬵ݸһѿǡ
Ҳະ۵ʱ򣬸Ĺ¡
ߣȴġ
ҲⱲӣԼǿıӰҲҸɡ
һɵĪıӿͷܿգգۣͻɬգȥ
µĲ豭ôվţѩĨİӰ
÷ѩء
续
üģۣȴԼ֪˯˹ȥ
ѩѾͣˣɫһް治ʱٿϣȴ˼¡
ʲôʱģվʯϵˣЩȻ
һᣬ˯û㡣½͢վ£
ϵģ
Ůǵġ
ȻʧЦܿ¥λܹ֮һŮҿûôĸ֡
ضϲŮڵ¥ܹܡĿɨϵˣ֪ΧѩԵʣǹߵ⣬½ܾ͢⼸գֲ԰ľ⡣
̾˿ٽ⡣½͢Ķ˵ʲôܿҪģˣȻˣװ֪ҲҪһ˿ϣϣʧֻĶѡ
½͢߹ȥ뽫ƵڣҡҡͷܾˡƼʲôʱʼڵĹƶ
ա
˵İ취ͬ׽ϴͨĶһЩ置طѹƺɱԭĹƶϴһ顣ֻ취ǲƼѴӹϿԼĥģûгԹ˳Ƥʹ֮ܲܳɹδ֪
Ҫάֶã
ʮա
չʮա
ͻȻЦ֮ǰڻɽϣֽ͢Ƿٶã
ʵ½͢ÿճ𶼻ֻǻҲϢ˴˻ţԻɽҲûȥ
ٸߵ书ûо꡵ĿҲ̸ֻֽǸ֣ҲҪϵĸϰʵŻиߵĽ½͢ÿʱΪ棬ְһǾܹԷһӹ飬վǻѡ
½͢һۣû˵ʲôͷ
ǿֻǶԷ˵ΪˣȻҲȥ
ǰŸʢ޹ϵĽ˵ŭ罭⡱ΪŮӣĽƮΪŮӽٶȡʤԶڹۿ˵ӾЧͺǿĽδûˣȻȭȣʵ
½͢ĽУûʮֻʽʵΪûɱҲö͸ϢУɭ֮ذѩҪ֡
Ѿһýһѽ֮ǳ˾Ѿ˫Ľиһ˿ȴǽļįĹ¾
ؿţǵЦ
Լһ飬ʧǶѣȴû٣ջض٣Ī˭һ̯ʰ¥һ飬Ī˭ҲǸûжȻ߷ļҪԶԶСǰߣһѣһоܲ飬ָܣҲ԰֮˽ʮ֮󣬲ᵽġ
½͢񿴵ǰԼûѣȻǰԼҪ࣬½͢Ϊ׷߲мб̣һĹԼȴȻһû˿ǣңҲûǣ
ʱʱһ̳ƣ˵žϲʮ³ɽѩ
Ĺ˺ɵĶΪ˱඾ʱȻǻԼҲмֻ֪Լѹʱ򣬶ԷʲôҲû˵ҲҲûʹ
ѣá
ֻ֪ҽҪ֮󣬻ҵ
öƣ뻻һΪʦ𡣡
Ǹ֮ǰʦҵѨҲɱʦʱһֱԱ߿š
Ź⣬ҿģֻǵǸȳӡ
ʦ½ӡ
һֱǰЦҲδʧֻ۾ظһЩΡ
Բ𡣡
÷ԺƲȥ·ѩаӰҲȾǳǳĹ¼š
ӽҪչʮ죬ճʳǶҪš
˵仰Ƽѹţͬ½͢һ档
½͢ûйƵ֪ڣĸԣȻϲ£ϣΪһ޲ߵΧת
ޱؿŷŹϣһ̬ĮܿмȲ
ӡ
ҵ壬½
΢΢ͷ¶
֮󣬻ɽۣ֮һʤۡ
ˣĪ˭һԾС

β 

һһʯ񡣡ת𣬴С
½Ϊ˸Сβɱ˺ݴȴûϵݴͽ¥ƣΪԼʧ⣬òԼΪʦ𡣡ֻŮļؿϣƵ󰮸ŮӾ£ૡ
óԼսİ취ֵۣ˵û˹ֵֻɱ½½͢ԭ𣬾½ٶ಻ǣҲ½͢ĵܵܡ
ȻעҪ˺ΪλṩһϢ
ҪͶ·ЦȻ֮ǰΪ㲻ݣһǵһǣĪҪ޴ˡ
̻塣ŮӦһֽӰЩοǵģ
Ϊúãû뵽ȻֻҪ¥ĽߣЩ¥ļֵǾţһëҲգܹ½ɱãܵĻҲԮʱ¥
 ա

 31 

֮󣬻ɽۣ֮һʤۡ
ԼսûдӵӵģȻҲܵȥ˵ֻǽϢͨĴڣܻһЩ˿½֣¥ȴһϸ֮£˵¥Ҫһ˾սɴ㵾ȡ
¥ģ̵ϣ˶ֻȻϴνּҵ飬¥һγΪԭֲ෹Ļ⣬²ûӰ¥͵磬˵¥ԼսˣȥȴõϢ˵Ǳ׵ܣһ¥뱱̣ͬˮ
²չǲ²⣬Դ𣬱̱û½͢չؽƣӲ֪׷Ҳõʮ֮ˣ֮ʱҲԴڴˡ
ϣѵľ棬ƽԼսѾ뵽õĽʽˣʹǸˣҲҲԼֽʧȥһѡ
ʦ˵Լ˴㽫¥ҲǸˣպ˳ʲôҪģҪΪ
½зɵɡ
һЩ飬㲻Ըȥȴֲòȥġ
¥ڣ̾˿
ӣЦ
ӣȥǲȥ
̿ʲôЦĵطӸղһֱЦڡ
вȥô̧ۣ½͢ƵȴŽȻͬʡ
һ仰ʵð̴ײ
ȷʵûС
ΪҡĲ½ҽΪϧ˽ΪɹһЩù飬硣
ݴѾˣֱɱΨһпκҡҲˡ
ΨһҡָƬѵҩʽɽׯׯ
òȥ
ɱҡһ
ȥĻôͻԶجج֪¡
ĺڷа⻬Ů΢΢̧ͷ˫ۿӳ˵Ӱ
˭
ҽԽ硣
½أרעػص
⼸ݹεĳľᡣ
ÿ˶вòȥɣôԼŵĶС㣬Ը½һΪʲôأ
·𻹼ǵǸĵиǰЦݲöС
½֪﷼
Ҫʱ򣬾ˮһӿ껪һһεš
Ϊйãǲȥ׷ǰ·
ͻȻе㱯ΪԼҲΪǰǡ
ǲں쳾֮ɼĿˡ
֮תۼ
ڻǺɽȻ䡣
⼸ûѩɽ·Ǻܻ
ɽʱһۣΪʧȥΨһϡٵưܣܹ˶ãסûסˡ
һɽϪ䵱˵䵱ŶΪΪŵӡ
ܺá
˵һǵ͹ȣżǷץסᡣ
ϪĵشӣԵӦ䵱ŵθڣԴϴγ׮֮䵱Ѿɽ£ѡ˵ӵҪ󣬱ضע֮ࡣ
ǰȺɽͣƣأչȻҲֻѡ
̽ɽţɫࡣ
һˣҲʱЦ糣
Ī˭ˡ
ⳡԼսֻĪ޷ֹ
Լֻ˼죬ôͳأ
ֻһһԼŵʲôֹ
ֻϣ½Ҫڰɽ͵ȥԼ̣Ҳˡ
⵱Ȼǲܵġ
Ϊߵɽʱ½Ѿˡ
ԣ½ǡ
ȳӶԲзϣһѵһľս
½һԹӡ
ĹӴڽűߣȵʱ򣬸κһӲûʲô
ս˲࣬кպ֮һЩ书΢ģǲɽŶð̴˸ˡ
½ϣ̫޹ؽҪԹۡ
ûʲôоԷ޳ԹɽҲһУֻΪɱˣòҡҩ
̣Ҳ
ֻΣ֮һᣬݡ
½ֳ֮͢䲢ûʲô顣
ǰ˫׻ڵʱԹ޸ĸֻƫֳȳȵӶг˱ʣһҲûм
һֱǿԼߵ죬ֳ˵ֻһš
ҡ˵ȴҪġ
ǰˣ½͢Ƶ
ղԼ¥֮ǰĹ⾰ʶ½֮͢ӡ
һ׺ڵˣʱֻΪԼδȷǵԼҪ侲ʱȴƵƵǰ£Եе㷴ˡ
ֶԾ
ԷΣûмڹǳȴھͶϣĸ֣⻪羲̶
½Զ߱Щʡ
˵ȳӾͲܳΪ֣˿ϣ;һ
ۣһ
ΧһƬžڳ˵ݣȻʱ˽
½ˡ
ּ죬ѷǾγֵġ
Ƿ֮䣬Ѿߡ
ͬǣһâ
ңҲ޷һС
뷨ͬʱи
˿̣۾ûü

 32 

½һʼʱѾһöӡ
½мⲢζ书΢෴ߵڳ˶Ȼɫ
Ʈ·ԭ书
ʵϵʱܱʣ븸ĸɢȴԲѷԼ书վض
½ƣṦ˫ȼʹ˵㣬Ҳǿ
һˡ
֮䣬ѽֲʮС
ȲܶѶֿһ⣬һֽʤҪСܶࡣ
˰Ī˭޲ôġ
ƫƫС
ֵڣ޲ŴлֵĹӣ۾Ѿ塣
˴λϣô
սеһߵʱ̣Ī˭ȴͻȻ޹ؽҪ⡣
ҲģΥŵԣƼѲ֪½͢½Ĺϵ֪ˣԸҲܲΪ½͢ƣʦѾˣԼ¥뱱̷ɳĿԣ¥Ҳܹ
Ȿ֮顣
ȴѡǰߡ
սء
Ǹɵӡ
Ī˭̾˿
ԼȴɵӽĪ棬ԼҲɵˡd
½֪͢»ʲôӦ
ƿڴٰν򣿶˵ȭϣ
Ī˭벻ֿˡ
½ܵǧ˭˵ֳľûȨˣ
һŽⲻĽᡣ
½ûֱɱȻҩ½͢һԸʽɽׯ
ҡĲѰҩΣ½õҩҲòҩҩֻһطУԴ
ҩԭںң˵ϹʱµģǺҩ伮֮һҷ֮һ棬ȥˣڿĺͳ嶼֪ҩĴڡ
Ҫңֺαҡ֣ˣֺα֪ҩ
޵̾ϢɢڷУʽǰ֮һһ⣬½֪һ̱ضúܼѡ
ǣѡ
һӣ¶졣
½Ҳ˲ʡ
˫ûϢѰҶԷ
˫ЩףΪʧѪ࣬ǶԷڹϴ˶
˶򣬲ѪȴѪҺŹ磬֫Զٻ޶ҩļȴ˹߶
½ĴڶԷ򶾷΢΢һʱˡ
˫ҪѨԷӾӡ
֮С
½ϸ֦ż⴦¶һƬźâпڡ
뻯˫ȥƣͲܵһš
֫ȫ磬һпܣΣֻǰ޷ƶбҲܴ
½õı㡣
书£վҲһš
ͻȻ֮䣬Цסˡ
ǰˣӴ̴Ҳһֻû뵽˾Լĺ˹ǿУҲҪɱ
ʺϣȻ޻·
½ڵϣźȴڲסѪָЦˣȴ΢΢ء
ҡ⡣
ϳĿ͡
ˡ
Ҳкܶȥɵ£Ҳڵȥսûʴȿԡ
ʵʣҲ˿Թ
ûбö٣ùǱ˫һߴ͸һߣƤѪ죬ټϸһ̼°Ѫ£ص½ϴĶ˿Ѿڡ
԰ֽ·һ缴ţԶ侲ɫ
Ī˭ȥȷסѨֹѪ̽ǿά򶨽˫γ΢٣ֻ´˿ѿ޳
ڣԼܰȫ
΢Լ۾ڰ
ϣ˶յڿʼָһů͡
½͢ƿţȴĪ˭
ˡĪ˭Ȼ
ɱģǹƽԼսۡ
Ƽ¥ƣʦ½ϣΪʦ𡣡
֪½Ĺϵ
޷ѡһʦһѡ
Ī˭һǰ˵꣬½͢ûȥһ档
Ī˭˵ˣϸع۲½͢ķӦǶԷһֱƽɫվĵص˵꣬һ˿
ȣҵ˼ǣȥ̸һ£²ĴҪŭźɱ
һȥġΣ½͢ɨһۣˡ
Ī˭һ¡
ʲôӦ
˼ǣҪ𣬻Ǿôˣ
˰
ǰŮԷһγаЦݡ
ļ֣棬ѻΪ̡
ӵԴҲֹ
ҡȲ֪ԵʣֻŮʮƯϲɶЦһֱӣѾʮû¶棬ļȴһ˿ۼҲû¡
һжһΡ
ˣҲýˡ
̵ҡ˯ѨԵԼȻһذףŮؿ£Ȼʹ
ذװγְŮƽϱӣԶԶȥ˯һ㡣
ӣҡȥˣȪ֮£˫˫ܣӦǺܿˡ
̾˿˳ȥޱϲ

 33 

⣬
ʱԼҼСӣһȴ
ϷĪҪļҹӱүɳȥˣδﰲס£ҹӻȥ
ܼҹ˸ϵȳЦϸ˵ʣͷ񣬱˳ȥǽ鷿
ү£ܼȴһĨȫǺǼڸǲ׵һ¥ǱߡЩˣ¿ǲֶεģү֮˾š
ڰ֣ùŮϵĲһڣ¥ĽûУ
͵ˣȫһɢǮƱˡ
úܡ΢΢һЦ²ѡû˵ʲô֪ڽҲûʲôӦ
ܼҵһ仰ûж˵үĻһȥպǾˣֻ˵¥Լսء
ϲЩν飬̫۹ⲻ˺ҡҡͷû˵ȥˣСڸչ˱ǡ˻սڻɽԭ򲻱ضӴ̽Ҳܲ³ʮ֮˾޷ʽɽׯ֮ǰȰԹۣе㲻ΪȻڿȴ˵˴롣Ҫ︴ȴ£һ磬¥뱱̣ȻȴòԵط˾£Ҳֻܸϵһ޸ܣ֮ǰ˴ߣҲΪйͬĵ˶ڽǵеǸˣȴʵʧߣҶʱ֡
ĬĬ˼Σ°͵Ķ룬Ŀűϵϡλ˭棬վֵ֮飬Ǵεĸ֮ȴǱɹ
³ѩɼ׷ѾůͣһЩ֦ð˲β̣էůʱ򣬰ȻؼȻ𡣵2
¥ȴһƬҵѹ
ܿҩһƿţİ֪дʲô
ӣҩˡ
°ɡ
ܿԽҩϣȴֳϵıʣʼīֽ֭ϣ뵳һŨŨīɫ
̾˿Ǹʲô
ܺúϢҲڴˡܿѵóһš
ⲻûôЦۺںҩǧ꺵Ҳ治ɫ¥üͷһ塣
ܿǰһȦˣе㷢ᣬǰ㺮£Ҳһ£ȴ㣬ɫе㷺ס
˵㾭شηҲҩǲȣֻ°ͱˡ
򴽣¶һּҪݸɫ룬ͷ¡
ܿЦ˭뵽µ¥ȻºȿҩСˣգӲԣԸҲҩֻһδ˵̫ܵأҪȴǷǺȲˡ
һû¶ֱ顣Ц̾һ
ǸʱȷʵȪ
ܿ죬վû˵ǵһѪĪ˭̽ʱ¥һƬҵ龰Ƿң˺Ѫɫǲģ̲ܿסʹޣôһ˰Ȼ̸Цسȥ˳书飬˭ˣ
ӡͷĵ¥£Ϊ㱣壬Ҫðˡ
ɽ֮£򲻵ѵ²ߣȻ´ˡЦˣȥһɣҩúܡ
ܿӦ¥һ
Ȼһٿȴûаɫ

ۺʱ½͢һı飬֪½ѶĪ˭ҲûϿʲô仯ҲΪѪڳǸȴ֪ǽܶ¶˶ѡ
ˡ
ֶǽϵĹһ½͢ɱ
ˡ
ܿУǵ֮һᣬ˳ȥ¥ĵ̣ŶԷҲҷȥġ
ֻǲ˽½͢û벻ҵ£ֵֻ¡
ܿһֱڲԶǻвܾʲôҪȻȴʮְûκ춯
Σűƿ½͢˳ɫûʲô仯ܿ˿ڣȴԷڶ
Դ֮󣬱¥޹ϵ
ܿһ͵ؿˡ
ޱ飬Ŀɫȴ԰׵üࡣ
½͢ӰԶȥȴʼûп£ûۡ
ҵǺظ֮䷢ȣصĴϢ߬ŶסβؿȵϥϽһ죬ܿɫ䡣
ӣ

 34 

ţ¥뱱̾ѣ¥ѷಡ齡
ϵĳʵ϶û̫𣬻ѩδڣɱ庮ǵ⣬˵仰ҲҪһ
վſڣҲǣҲǣɿɥǡó·״棺ʲô
ȣ̽ͷѹ¥أԥҪҪ߽ء
һ㶡أ
ҡҡͷ¥Ļܣֻ֪˵⼸ĴͲʮˣɫתеɥԴǰչس֮󣬾һֱڴЩ翵ĽԣܲȥϢ
Ƭ̡ɣȽȥȻټˡ
ϲųǼưٳ
ȥȥȥû˷ӡ
׳ӣţ洫

߽ȥ캮棬ȴͻȻҲûů٣ٿǰǸˣʣû̧ͷһۡ
Ų֪οڣ۽Ƴ뿪Ĵѿڶ治ôȥߣ
ԼһӣⲻǴûһôǺȴ˵
½͢ڵɨһۣȴûͣ¡û¾ͳȥɣ˳㽫ЩѾõĴÿڡ
ǡǰڻ룬ǵ¥
ȥɡ
ſڣ̾˿վʲôҲû˵תˡ
ϧˣôӣ
ҹ
Ļʹϵţһˣȴȥһ롣
ˮɫȹŮӶҩ߽齣͵ͺһ
ûзӦŮֻ֮ȴһʼѹֵģĿԣ·ѹֲסǻųȵ˺ѷΡ
Ůæ룬齱ߣһַһı
ܿҺ㣬¥ӿƵͳ
ӱ˵ˣˣ¥ΩһֻתظοȴڲסĲ
Ǻòˡ˿ЦǳսұȥҲ³˵⻰ȴˡ
ˡŮӱȥᣬֶϵҩ˵ҩµġ
΢޷͸صӿ˵ı飬ֻ֮̾Ϣء
ҹ
ĺ磬ҲɢŨŨҩ㡣
¥֮ǰҪɭϣ¾˶ҲҶ̫ãֻЩ⣬Ƭ񱻺ε죬ڣһ˰ڵϣůƲȥ
ɭô΢΢ɭϾͶˡ
ⲻթɣ踧ؿڣ΢΢̧ף֮䣬һƬ顣
ζһЦ㲻Խɭϣ¥Խ·Խڲ֪Ͱ¥ڲ϶ֻǰĻ£ҲͰˣƫƫ½ˣϸ̾ѵ飬¥ڿνӿʱѾˡ
ףһͳ֣ȡ£ָٹ⡣лȻЦӯӯȴȥ
˳ƽһ§һͽУɹЦ
һһǣƻˣƫƫҪװһ޺ӡĪ˭˲壬˸ۡ
ǻۣнƻŻѪԵˣ˿ԱߣϾؽһöӷУɫȻʣаصģ
ȵȣⲽ㣬£Ī˭ץסԷջص֣ǿȵؽöѾ˵
޻ء޿κΡ
ֲǾӡ⣬һ
ӣȻöԷΪˣΪʲôҪǿⲻ˷̽ô
ĲϤˣɭϵķ˵Ҳ谭ѾһˣӦòһЦԽˣԽǶɣɢɣ㣬Ѿˣ֮ǰ飬ôʮ֡

⡤£һ

һ꣬꣬ʮʱ
ѩȴһĥΪѩѩҪ䣬ѩˮϱǵʯ壬أӲطģֻƤѪѾ̳ĺۼһ˫ԭݹȴһ࣬Ͻӡ
һۣûκθоΪθѾľˣ֮ǰ̲סȴԴһƬհףֻǻŽʣһ־ƶ
ڵϣҲѾĥˣҲ¶Ƥİ׹ˣ˲Щֻܾһ΢ůܵĵطԱһܡ
Ķر䣬һҲûУżһµĽŷСԱߴҴҶŲûԻԼƶʱȥı˵ĴǲǸѹ
޷ߣΪȸû֪
°̱Ǻļվá
üͿԴﵽľ룬ҪֺһһŲȥ
ϱಡⱲ߶ˣЦȴûһ˿ˣڱ˿ֻһڱѩŲĿؤеС
ﵽޣǰһڣͷֱصײڵϣ˹ȥ
ѹһůĳϣΪ˾Լ
һЩȶ֮ļ衣
˾Լˣǳ飬ȴ˼ҵ
ǰʲôûеõû֮ʲôõˣ¾Ϊˡ
ѩůͣ廹ûǸоְ࣬ŵأ΢΢һŲľϣž񲻱۾һ˯ȥҲҲѲˡ
ĸһϵҲûУûгɰԵҰģûõ룬Լǹˣ֮Ҳע飬οԼǸͨˡ
ԣֻ밲һط
ֻǣش󣬺δ
ͷ˿Լڵÿ屾Ŀ·֮߳Ϊ鲼һϺףѪŧ˿ڣ·еС壬Ц
Լʲô
һԼܺ۾Ƥ̲סһϣҲƬѵõůн硣
Ҳǳ׵˰ɡ
ؤȥȥȥ
޷ȫˣֻܿһģĹӰǰζ
ԭԼпľ˼ҵ档
Ųӣȴȫ޷̧һָǧ
ôôС
Уڶ˵Ƥµ΢΢һ볹׵Ļԡ
һջϰҲϰ壬δԲɷ򣬷ҲϽӻŮһױ￪˸ջ
˵ġ
˵ǿջֻӣֻС꣬·˵أסջЪš
ϰʮ˼ұ㻽ʮö֮ԭʲôʮﳤòܺÿҲͨͨһŮʱɫҲ类ոһյĥƽˡ
ջⲻãҪڶգûģڴ죬Լ˫֮ѾûʲôˣȥʮϣԼΪԼæǼ֮ġ
ʮܺ˵ȻЩůԼӱ뺷ŮһͬģοСȴϳɣʮԼڸһµ˵
ʲô֣
˻ƣΪò˵
һһȥ
סȣˣʱƽظȻš
⣬ҪЦӭ̬ƽͣÿһ˶ˡһãСϵҲͦϲӣ־зʮֿʱ·Ҳͣ䣬߽ԼʣµĶ͵һʼƴǣƴǲҲʲôܸ˵лⷴúĵĴ޲ڣ⺢òأ˵ȡҫ鹡
˫ûвзϵĻ
޵ܻ﷢һ̾Ϣ
ص֮ѵʣµʳ˼͵һЩСˣʮڳæĵ򸾣Χһ𣬳Ե㶫ļ䣬ϵرҳ̡
ϲָо
ȻܼªȴּҵζҲǻƵ⣬ҲǷƵĴֽҲΧһ⼸ˡ
аƽҪȥ顣
һ췢һ¡
ǵˣֻҴҴ˰ˣѾ˷ǮȴҲûء
ҹɫãã
СϵͨɫҴңΪˡ
ȴ
ߵôæɫҲһ˿Ẓ̇仹
Ҳǽˣ롣̬ȸӽˡ
˿ȴڽʱ֮һˡ
ŭüĿ֮䣬
ι㿴һŮﾭûУһ޳һ㣬ʵҲû¡
ó˵Ļ񣬰ǰ档
һ£ҡͷ
ʵԼҲ֪ΪʲôǸʱҪҡͷҲΪϲЩ˵̬ȡ
˶һᣬתͷЩ˵ȥѣ
ǰⲦ˲Ʋ磬еԼղΪʲôҪ˵ˡ
Ѷĵ򸾺ʮһ̣ҳˣʮһۣ΢𱸡
ЩзһȦиһ˿һ᷿߳ݸղ˵Ǹˡ
˽ӹ˿һᣬͻȻ̧ͷЦСӵӲС˵ѣϵĲ豭£˵ߵòԶ
㲻ǹٸҲң˽ôȡҲ֪Ḷۣǰ಻ס
ҲԼֻһʱǫһһЩ飬ɻĿЦԭ
ǴģҪ˵
ЦһһƱ
Լ˫Ȳ㣬Ǿƶ㲻ġ
ֻñۡ
ȴû֮еʹԴһƺߣۣʮǡñƷĵײϡ
ȹȾѪԴһƬհס
˿Ҳһ£Ц˵ôȷʵôΣ籾ǿΪ𣬾зҲƭңŮһƣˡ
˵մзɳһӣڿջ̨ϡ
ʮ֣ȴǵһ
ʲô
תͷҲء
Ǿݳϣô뱨𣿡
ȺбһЦƺЦĲ
ǲܿʧҹɫУ֮ͬǰСһ
ֻлʮʹʶԼʵǶôܣҲǶô޴
ŮӣԼѵʱԼΣյʱһơ
ҲԼûкһĸףĵףѾ׵ˡ
ûµġ͵͵
һԵĵͳȥҴˣȴΪ˫ȵԵʣŶΪ
ȻûԱԼߵˣΪʲôҪأ
۾ѹͷǹɼӿ
Բ
Բ

⡤£

ʮվǰȥ
ǸճµǶӣάҪҩĿ֧ҩĳ㣬ʮ޸֮Ůӣܳһ֮˵ȫһƣ
һغĹ⣬ʮһ˥ȥ
Ϊҩܱ鷽ԲʮҩӣȴֻܿԼֹͣ
ӿڳ
ֻԼµĴΪʲôҪе
ѾϢŮӣݽȥۿɿɬκᡣ
Ӵ˵һĿꡣ
ȴΪ˱
ΪҽʮջԭͲƼĴѿջתóȥǮֳݣһݸ򸾣һʮһݴϡ
زʣΪۻ
һ߶ˣһӵܱڱ˿ڳ˵Ρ
ϵľæһΣôתţ뿪С
һ·ţòƽװģǰѯѧ书ƢõȽϺ˵ģֻῴȣԴҡҡͷƢõģֱӾͲͷˣᱻһٱЦһ
ûͨ;ﵽĿģֻδıûӰӣԿط˼ҺܽͳеһԱĪ˵ˣз֮ȥͶƾ٣ֻĸ͢Ҫ
Ȩ⣬ֻѡȽпʵֵһ;ϣҲеã
Ǯˣ;֣ˣҸĵطܺЪš
Ҳ֪Լ˶·ĥ˶ٴ֣˫Ѫ֮º֢ÿһ䣬ƾͻᷴԿʼ鴤Ƶۡ
䵱ɽš
ںԺյĵɽѾֹһ˸ˣȻûввм˵Ĺ涨˭ֻὫһޱĪȱݵǽ
ֻ䵱Щϣİɡ
ǰƵɽ壬˿ƾһ֮ǾȻûлɽϵģֳǮ˱Լɽֻɽµӭͤһֱţ䵱ĵɽΨһĻˡ
ʮȥϴĸҲˣڿһʿװ˴ɽ
תǰϿҵ˵⣬ϣܴ򶯶Է
˳ƮƮе㴿ӵȣȻŵۣ´ȴûϵƮҡԵʮ⡣
䵱£ü˿ȣе⡣
ǵģ֪ܷͷתɽɳСţ
⼸Լϣˣ񣬲ҷŹԷ˿Ӧ
Ҳ䵱ɵˡҡҡͷ
㡭
ƺʣ΢΢һӡǴ䵱ɽ˾䵱ɵˣҲǴ۵ľǵʿң
Ŀ˫ɨ䵱ɿ²㡣
һͬ鵽ߡ
ϵ֮ġ
ʲã֮ϣ䵱ҲҪ㡣һʵ
ܲ׾
һ¾飬ҪһҲ

Ҫվ·أ
ȻⱲҲҲվǣָָԼؿڣأľء
˶һᣬЦһ¡벻Ǹ־ģѧ书ʲô
һ£˿ѿǰҲѰֻԼȴԸ˵ѡ
𡣡
ҡҡͷΪȻұΪʲô־ԭҲΪ֮
޹ȴֻһ߿ţԷ书ȴǿһһڣȴڹһ磬ʲôƷԿԡ
ûʡЦһ㣬ñ֮Ҫʲô
һβŻɽҰ˴һ
Се˼۹ɨ˫˺ȴ۵֡ҿ䵱ǲҪģԸ⣬͸߰ɣǲ书ģֺõĻҲδزܱ𡣡
˲û˵ԼֻҲ˵
ǰɽ壬һᡣ
Ҹߡ
˽Զţ˵һ̼֡
ʿụ̃ǰֵ̼ĵλĩӵٻǧѡٸҲһᱻѹԶҲһ˵úܴ󣬻뽭ϵ
Զȷʵǽ书ģҲûŰ
ֻÿһʮ
ͨ˵һΪصĹ˵ϼء
ظ񣬼ʰ޵Ĺ򣬴ÿ֮һֱɽûͣԼҲªľϣԼȫĹͷҪɢ
ºʮΪʮ
󣬶ʮΪʮ
ظһꡣ
Զڰȥ
㻹뱨𣿡
롣
գ񣬻һһĻ̶ֿ
֣ÿӡ
ʱӶвסԶ޶ԼҪһʱҲԲɡ
ʱ򼴱ľͷˣҲܲԶŶĿ֮⣬Լң벻ӣν˵ļͿԶҲģҲˡ
Ϊѡ񣬶˼޹ʣΪʲôҪ޳㣿
ֹ
Զٴվǰʵǰ⡣
㻹뱨𣿡
롣
֮ʲô
ĬƬ̡
Լߵˡ
صʮĸޡ
ԶŵһЦ⡣
տʼͰᵽ鷿Ǳȥɡ
ڶԶſʼڹķ
˵ϼѣйҪ߱ȫ°û֪ϰڹ
Զһװ취ͣϰתٶȣҲȳҪϺü
ڹͬʱԶÿ춼ȥҡ
Ȼû˫ȵƣҪ˫ѵ˫ȵ
˫ֳеȫһһɽŵɽжٴΣѪģԶһ·Ҳɵ¶̺塣
ûԹԣΪⱾԼѡĵ·
֮⣬أ书ʽԶŶ½½ࡣ
֪ԶŲ뽭ϵѣ¥
¥һصĵط
Ϊ˽⣬ԲԵء
ʵûʲô֮¥ˣֻ̫ǣ£ཫķϣʱȺ¹¥ȴʱҷԴǣòԶŵı¡
ÿר书̫Щ飬֮Զֽеǰ
֪ǰ֪ЩҲûнЩõѧ˵ֻͽרע书һ
ʲô˵Ժ󡣡
һΪ㲻ʡԶЦˡ
ϣܽ¥
ΪʲôңһֱƽɫڳѺۣǳԾ֪ԼĵֵöԷϡ
ˣΪ˱̣Ҳǳܼ̾˿ұΪǼ֮ô㲻ûңҲûһ˿ԹԣѵõǣĿһ¡
˫Ȳߣ˵ûеؽģЩһµ˵ǲɻȱġ
ػ̹ʽ飬ֺܳԿ࣬ҿԭ򡣡
书Ѿһ֣˼ȥһܳɴҪģǸѧϰ̼֮
һ֮ԶſʼƵ⣬Ҳգ̸ҲգЩļʶ۽ӿ
˵ǻԶǺ˿ԹѾ߱һ˵˼άʮãҪԶԶǰ
һ֪ж͸жˣԶ̸ģԶԶԼܻرҪöࡣ
ٹ꣬ԶŵĳƺѾʦ
ʱԶѾϣòˡ
书ٸߵˣҲֻ٣ȴܳ
ƺʱԶЦЦû˵ʲôȴһĨ⡣
ʧ⣬¹һûҲ¥㽻ĴܹеһˣڼȻˣҲˣ¥ˡ
֮¥ˣĵһʲô
⣬񡣡
¶οЦ⡣Ϊ㻹˵ġ
ҲЦˡҲûзֻǻŵ˲Ҫġ
áף˵ûпˡ
Զűˡ
죬ˮδ
иůˣһһԶȥ
ɥ¹ʰ飬ֻʱ¥
ʱѾǴǬ꣬ҲǹԪ968꣬νꡣ
ԶźľӪ£¥ⲻûյսӵĸţ쵽ɹ͸ȵأڹٸͽ˵У¥ȴһֱһ͵ü˺ӵĴڡ
ֱս顣
ʮʱ䣬ѷ°ɣϸԭ̤
ѻ˼ǵĳϣʮʱ䣬Ҳɳȴڽӵսʱ̲סɴ˫ۡ
ԴҲ벻¥ʲôԹȴû뵽¥ǵ·С򣬲Լµĺӡ
꣬ҴСһ˽Ϊ˽׮ŶɱҡϳҼһҹ׷ϣȴһСҵĺۼ
һзϵСҲһӲʹĳϸǻϼͣҲһƻӳȥȻиŮ޹ºҲúڣ¸꣬ϸСĲͬɢȥҲ뵽зһ졣
뵽ҲûãҪΪԼΪۡȻϲԼдֻû뵽Ǹӻڶʮ¥ҲԺڵһʱûٸǺһơ
ԼսĵصɽеȪɽ
ϲòȥĽȥļҲȥ
һ죬Ҽڶʮ֮İ¡
һ죬Ȼ
һҵļʮڽǺεȹ
ҵ˴߳ϵʬ壬˵¥ӴĲ
΢΢һЦû˵
һ˶ʮ飬һֱɣֻź
̧ͷϰ졣
ʮһ·ߺá
°ķ΢΢·𿴵ŮӵЦ

 35 

췴Ҫʲô
˲źǮơ
ǰ߲󣬵ҲҪ۹⣬ȻȴԿطȻλǰֻһĽ죬ȴоȨ˻ʵ֮ðҲǺܵĳӣû̫ۡùԪµʿϣ˵ʿ֮ȴҲԪ谱Ƶ˶˵ƷȱݣԪ谵ȱݱ󣬹ףֵû¡Ƴ˲ŶӣҲȱԪɱϵǡ
߰úݵȵȣ췴ȱٵҪأ췴ҪôȴһͼչҪôߴսսҪôǸŴ󷧣ǮҪǮڷչľѣȱһɣǮƲ㣬δзҷɢǾ͹һˡ
һʼ˼·Ҳûд
⽣ǹ˵쾵һʺܴıأ䵽УԵͼʽ⽣У⽣ļֵڽĶ
̽أ֮⣬κ˲ڣأҲͶˣ˵űܵı
Ȼʽɽׯׯҵֳ֣ڽӺһҪ췴ʽȴǲġȻеһ£γʱûбֵһЩ鱦⻹ԶԶ㣬ʹ⽣ͱ̽ص⣬ҲΪʲôһʼѾ˼Ҫּõ⽣ԭ
˼Ʊʶƣֻͼı̽ص⣬ͿʼעˣҪ£ϧӲԣƵ½͢Ȼܱ־ϡ
һֳϴλԼҲսԺնĽϵһЮ½òΪ˽ҩԼķԸȥӶΪԼһ׼
˼ܻ磬ҲûдֻԼ̫Ҫ
ֻظ˵ľӪӲĲͼΣδγضԭϧ굢֣޶ȣǰЩͬӵļҵȫܹˣԲŻֱδһ·ӵľȻΪᣬȴƽ׵һز˵Ҫ췴ǲĵġ
˵ƣγδһͳ£Ƕ֮ǰΪķѶҵİ˵Ѿĸ˭ҲϣٳһʲôȨƽսңοԿط֮ɹ£ʲôҪԿȻԼ״ϣ췴ңԼûٻˮ㣬ҲǾͷ粻ɣɹԼĸ׶̫ҲͬЧ
£ʲôأ
һҲûС
ܻ˼·ң¥ȥ֮䣬Ҳһ͸֮²ӶӴﵽԼĿģҲ㲻Լһġ
ϧһʼߴ˷
һ
ʹţҲֲʷ󳱵ǰ֮ơ
οǸļƵĴ˶ѡ
˿̲¥¥ھǽһׯ
Ϣѵ֪
ȷ϶Էصʵ֮󣬱˷ͷȥ¥ׯǱڸİһӦϣ¥¡
Ѿһʱȴûлһ
һʼڱصõЦݣɫһԵлȻ״Թһԣδ
½ַм٣ڻɽˣڳ˸ǿȥ¥оųɵİգʱţƶҡڣɵӾӡ
ȥһԵļҽһȥؽ׼
ҽûȴһɫ䡣
ҿˡ
վ⣬һָһὣŹߣһʱܿĿֻһѩʣ˫ãҪΪˡ
֪
½͢һһٵ֣˵Ŀ⼸ƴԷ
ʽɽׯأԷδӴһ·ϾĹؿѵˣ
ܻȪįϲׯ㡣żһڰνķ͵Ϊ
Ϊɱԩͷծ½ҪҴˡ
ˣѰ½͢ɫƽ͸ʲôȻǳⲢΪһ
½йСС죬ҲȲѣǳĵԥĳƵĽҩϱǣܣɽս½ֺαطҪҵĪеЦһѰдƣ½͢ͻȻ֣ȷʵϣһ˱ɱԼȴҲ췽ҹ̷
˵鲢ï½͢ȴѹ÷ϻǻǰâһһ˱һͷ˶ʱɫɷףŲӾҲ˶
Ҳɱ޹֮ˡʣ½ֻ͢硣
ɱһ缲ˣһЦ½ĲˡĻʮһԷ
ûָʮ½͢Ҳûд潻棬ֻλϵĻȴ޷Ӧʱı̾ͱˡ
ߴƿ΢һŤһƱ˳ȥٶȼ죬أһƣӽذ״̹ȥһŽذ߷ɣҪߵ˼ˣȴãֻ΢Ǳи˺üѪ
㣡粻ŭЦȥָ˼ơ
лȻͷңףǱ֮ȴҲһֻһѪ俴û
ˣʰΪʮѾס½͢²书ϱˣҲӭս
ҧ֣˴Ӳ֪Ľðǰ

 36 

ֻҪˣ£ûвģλԽߣԽˡ
ӾӣǰЩǻʵ۵˽ƷΪά𢣬Ǳʵ۸˰ȫЩ֮⣬ҲȻҪٰһ۵ĻΪؼʱ̵ߣʵ
Դйԡӱȴڶ룬ԭѷˣԭͳ߽Ϊ˽ʲôܹΪԼãƣȻԼбûУ뷨µĺ㼼ȴ𲽲һޣͳ߽ΪĹߣȻйսԺʽ΢
ʵ˵ҲûظпԣǰҲǻˡƣ๬Ů̫䣬һЩҪôͶҪôڳ֮ձɱҪôڽʹмΪ̽鱨ǱӦĵ֣Щԣ֪Ҳ˺֮ܶ࣬Ͷ·ֻЧ磬ʿ
籾ĹѾܸߣҲڽϾøʢʽɽׯ֣ͿԿڽм裬Ⲣ½֡͢
ʽɽׯؼϣÿһؿ˷ŵϣҲһǸ֣½͢һ·˳ʵԸлŮȲúһС
һʱû뵽Ǽϣֻǲ½֮͢죬ȴͨԼͨذлȻִӱɱʱԼŽһж
ĿлȻɨŮѱǧл٣˿ȴ˲ǰиҪĶ֡
·ֻɱȥ˼˴Ѷһվһԣȴֻ֣俴½͢Ĳ
˵ǲ֮䣬ѱȥֽֽڵҰʱ˲ȴóο½͢
һ˸ƮȥֱָĿꡣ
ǵʯ֮䣬ѻ˼׽нϵŶɵķӰɵĹĪ⣬һУֻΪ½͢ߡ
ԷǰֶȻһģ׾ӳ
ʵ
½͢һ˿죬ɫҲһƽ
лȻһܿҲֵŮˡ
֣׷Ķʱ롣
ż书ǿŮӡӢ۾ҲΪ棬˲ʧȥӣ˵ʱԵŮӣҲֻѻϴ棬ǸʧԼˣȴƫƫѡһ·һŮӵ佻ҪŬҲ٣ֻԱֶ࣬ԶʦԼ˶Ϊ˱ߵķҲȻͬ
νԸˣûеġлȻʮ꣬䵱żδϽѣԾԼȴƺҲûеõʲôôҪΪ佻Ͳò硣һĸַ飬һкӣȻòȴѾ˵ŮӣȻ̫ܡ
γĪ˵Щʿٻ£ͨ˼һһҲǺ飬ֻЩýҲ˼ңҲŲòһŹӣڽ˵ȻҲˣȴٲȢҵģֻԧ첻ɵ飬˵һһҲţҪܼ峤ѹڱ˳ЦΪڡ
һһһ˫ˡֱ֮£лȻҪģעֻǳ롣
ܸģ
ô࣬Ҳ˹ȴƫƫһˣˡ
ڸգ۲䣬ȻӵԱô磬͸ڻ¡
Ե½䵱ɽµıԺ֮󣬿ƵһĻʱо뷨
Ϊ
òɻٵ
ŻһѪȹۻ಻֮ɲòǱԺУ书ѱ½͢ȥһƣ඼ˣ˿̾ʱõΣҲǹӲдѡ
ֻڡ
估ԹлȻ΢ǿɬ
ʱһѳڵϣüͷѪ˳źۻðڻŵˣΨзڵϣϢ΢лȻվŵ½͢
ߵڱȥҼһ˿ȾһƬ·ѪȴûѾѨֹѪý΢΢ͷʬ壬ƽ޲֪Щʲô
˵Ľֻٵˣ£ǲң΢̾
Ǹö֡½͢δͷ
ȷʵϧߴ·ӡ
ǰٻǧ£Ҳһgλ췴к壿
˱Ͼ磬Զ޷ĪĿȺִš
ҲÿˣעԼһ·
ˣ½͢ǡ
½͢תպѣڻɽϽԼĵܵɱˡ
ƺϲ£Ҳʣ˫ȲУԲ··Ҳմϻҳ£ɫ˵ʺϵɫ
ӭעӣûܣɫֻ̹һ˿Ǹ⡣
½͢ȴ֪ԼһȥԷҲỹֵġ
ֻսֳܶ¡
ȻҲһļ޸ȴ½͢мȥˡ
½ȻΪɱܸĸֳ룬˽̵Ҳڴˡ
ԭһ˵ΪҪԼȥ𣬾򣬵վȥԼǧԹԹӦԹԼ
½ĵײһ˿ҡʵԼҲڽ̵ΰɣ书֮УֽƱ̣ȻҲѰ½ȴΪ׵ܵǹ
ʵԼǸ˰ɡ
˫ü΢΢䵭һζ̾Ϣ֮ɫ
½顭
ȷʵΣȫĴ书½͢Ϊһ󣬴ղſԼɫ䣬ױµΪʲôһ˵飬׾һ㲢δ㿪ȣֺƣ
һֱǰһͺá
½͢²ģӦýϣӰԼΪǷǶԴȪ֮۷
½͢ǰˣοЦ⣬ΣҲܽľָδʶ֮ǰ
΢Щ꣬ȴǴδй飬½ʲô˲

 37 

£ϢɺŨѩѾòˣͻأ֦ͷҲðǵ̣ļֻأһ֮ʼ˾޴ڡ
ߵӴսԵת
ڴ߿Ϫš
ڻɽż꣬䵱֮󣬱䵱ɽͣפ䵱żļѣ鴾񣬱˰֮ģ֮ǰʵڱĺͽֻð۲Ϫ䵱ɽˮ¸£ڱ䵱ǽΪ䵱ŵĹŵӡ
㣬һһ䣬ǲФڣȴڳȵö࣬Լ£زصڵı硣
½͢մ߽㿴˾ż㣬ͷ΢΢ƫ⣬ƺ˼ó
ߺͣ˿ϵһޣԶԶȥ˾ԡ֮Уӷҵ½ǶȾһ΢ĹΡ
ͻȾƣģ̸죬䡣
ǰ½͢붼ȥ룬ȰôʱֻҲһɨȥȻһʱȻôģҲΪ졣
һֱ޷ָоǰ书ϰ޷һʱĸоȴԶû׽͸
ʹһʱڣҲ侲Զԣѭ򽥽ͻƿڡ
ȴȫ뷨ԺһȴԼûץסʱʧˡ
Ҳ޷ľ׳ָǰһȾľ磬߽ˣָоǿҡ
ʱ겨ʱ͡
Ҳôȴ뿪ԭ
ָ֪оʲô
תͷ΢΢һЦůƽղ޲ֻͬӳ£ͷ·˹һ㣬˳žмƲСĲ죬ȴԷɫ𪡣
½͢üֿʼĪϣԱߵ¡
ڿʲô
šһЦŷϣ½͢ȡ
½͢ȴûȥţֻǿ΢΢šüƻδȬ
ûʲôˡ̾Լǧټתƻ⣬ȴ֪ΪʲôҪԼǻɽ֮սģϴȻΪͶǹĿ˿ƣ㲻ΣϾ˼࣬ҪΣܵܣԾ֪½͢飬ҲԸ
޳ֺȻţ೤ȵԶԷָԴԴϵشƤӴıγĶԱȡ
ĬȻĺ⣬ʹΪƽϢ
ɺů
ܿʵϲ½͢
⼸½͢ڱԺܿȴÿÿԸԶ·Ҳ뿿סĵط
ܾλ½˵Ĳ
뿴һ䣬ȴ·һ˵ζĿ£ԼŤ޲뿪߼Զ
ҲǴ룬Ҳôصˡ
ûʶ½͢ĻҲͲ¹˼ô࣬¥񲢲٣ҪΪѿǣʰоֵ£ô˵龫ǣ۶Ϊ
˼ˣĪ˭ҲԹ˼֡
ԴʶЩˣǹӾûһ徲
ϲĽ
ܿüһŨŨ˼
¥ͳ͢£Ҳһ͵ǵʵ۵׵ܣǾþսձȨĻף¥ȥӦ
˵¥ʲô׶ˣǱ˶Թأﲢ˲ţǴϰ˹˵ĻⶼгЧģö֮ԼҲȥԣǰ׮С飬벻һݵķӣҪվһԿǶ£Ѿ˼㾡Լʵ
ѽ͵ͽһܿͣסŲ
ղһһ룬֦סͷҲûзһֱͷƤʹѹ
ѦҪˣ
ееȻ
½ͬ͢һȴһźʹѦдģϸ˵δļ֮⣬½͢Ϊȥ
Ѧʶıˣ񣬴󵨺ŵŮӸ˺ӡŮӲ٣¥ĵŮҲܹѦڣ۹Ůӣȴֻһ
Ůӣᱻʲôշеˡ
½ͬ͢е⣬ȴɵһԣòŵŮһȻҪһ飿
˵ȷʵˣ֮оͲˣŮӣ޲һһˣء˿ڲ衣
أ
ЦӿҪһЩϣ檵ıϾռ˶ȻԸǧˮֻȡһưҲУ廹Ҫ˵ɡ
檣ֻȡһư
һ漴ҡͷЦδ⣬ѵ͢ѾˣԷʵʵеŹ֣ɵ롣
⹲أ˵ǷŮ֮䣬ȴҲŮ֮䣿½͢ƽȴ˵Ļ·ʲô
ǺһЦòǲ˲ˮϵĲҶͷ衣֮񱣬ҵĵԹ֮Ů֮Ҳָɡ
㽫Ҫصһӣɻ⣿
ȿȿȣս˺Ĳȴȥϼѣ̩ɽǰɫĵ¥Ͳˡ
ʲô⣿
ٿԵ½ȴ״򲻶һƽ޲ؿƺ֪Լʵʲôס

 38 

ߣ̨ͤ䣬ϸ£ɫǳһ÷ǽ̽ͷȴԾнĸֶۡһϷд̽顰θ֣һ׾ߣ㡣Ӷһ֪֮ۡңլӴҲɼڿ˼ĸԡ
ƽʱյĴŴ˿ȴţͺϲ˷ϲ۵洺վſڣҾӭˣԱ߻мͳ·㲻ﲻȴҲ塣
𽭺ŵѦδң
վŲԶĵطʣ½͢Ҳס⡣
⻧˼ңһָȫͨ˼ңҲԷһѧ峵ĶˣѦΪ磬ȫǸ롣
Ѧĵַϱ̷ĵı֤Լߴطˡ
ʱһκ£صĺŮӣ̲ס뿴ɾʲôֵ֮ǧ˵ع񣬸ֵѦ¼ޣ
˺Ѳ˵ע⡣
һ׽òȴƵɽһȴΣţʡ
μԶԶһ۱㿴ǣԺ漴˵ݣǵԼǰӭȥ
λǷҼӵ׳½֣͢μȻǸ޸֮ĶˣβϴһȴֻƽͶظ
½͢΢һס
ֿ֡λؾҼӿ˵¥ˣ
ڿȴݵѦ̿Ҳͷ
μ˿ЦҼλѾãˣһǾҪˡۼʱûǰΣ¿ɺˡ
μǽǰֱϲȥ׼ãеæҵӡ
½͢Ǳμ˫׾ţӦݸõλ㻻ƣٿǱߣƺҲȣмλͬԶ
ЩԶͨ˼ңȴҲû¶ر飬ͬشкԴƽճѡ

һϼӱϲǣ߳ľ¸ͷȫסӾϵĲλ˼Ů񻣬سҲȥɰμĺø
ٿμӿЦһ仨Ҳ΢΢۽üҾϲá
һء
ݸá
޶԰ݡ
붴
Ůֱͽȥ½͢ʼûչӵ棬ȴʶһͨ˼ҳװõĹ̡
μҽǵĿͷڴǰμ˫ӵıԺǼߵ˶ȻȥţʲôҲõһʡ
һֱȵҹʱɢ˶˲٣Щıͣμͬģ˴˼û˾İͣҲЩӵľƵƵơ
ȻϲȲ裬пɣô࣬ԴҲе
Ժֻһңһȴ鷿ûжķ䣬ò˰һμǸ⣬ȴν
ǣͬ

 39 

ĴҹС꣬ϣֻĸо
Ŷͷֱ۷ϣԴе
ٺô࣬ȴܲסЩȰơ
ƹѲȴһֱƣһ˵˼ҵĿˣ͸˼֡
ǺȾƣǳϲúףĴ޷ܾ
С꽥ͣϡ£©Եþ͡
ŻǶģ˯⣬ƺ½͢˵Լȴˡ
ˡ
½͢ϴʪĺڷɢڰɫϣûпȥɣ˼ͣ˼
ֻһĻ¥ȴԵ
ΪһֱЦӯȻԱ˲پƣȴҲûƾܣ½͢ɫҲԵȻѦϲȻ˲ı飬¸ҴչȥƵҲࡣ
½͢һ۾Ϳ˯ŵˡ
书˾ˣе紵ݶҲ֪ѣȴ⡣һѦй֮ԵŮˬҲкøУ½͢ԣȻҪɷɡ
ƾãȾһǳǳ죬ѻ£ʡ
˯ŵûƽ̸ЦķȣſһֹĻⲢ˵òγڣ෴ֻܳΪٶѣĿģȴǸ·Ҳгŵͽоݣ̸¾ֹһ˵ȱòҪڣôòҲͳΪп޵Ʒѡ
ͬ½͢µĮȻε½дĪ˭Ϸ˼Ĳ¥ȻǶһ޶ġ
½͢ؿţ֪վ˶ãͷѾɡ
΢΢һƤš
ʲôʱˣ߽˼䣬ƺԴȴɻȻֻա
½͢ͻȻúȤʱѹ˯ɡ
Ӧģ塣
¥ѵһ½͢߹ȥ뽫ȥ˯ԷȴӦ죬һ˲־Ϳסţüͷѵ۶˰ΣŻȻ򣺡ԭ֡͢˫ϣҲɿָ״̬
½͢䵭Ҳ΢Цã˱ķȥ
һӵ޼½͢ȴ˰ڴϣָϱӣԼ˯⣬ڴ£ؿ
ദʱ龰һһعһ飬ʼ˽Լ뷨
㽫Ҫصһӣɻ⣿
ΪʲôⷬʱҲǺֻǸպˣʣˡ
ȴûϵķӦв֮࣬Ҳ𵭵
ƬӰĴ𰸣һֱѦ򸾰ó׵龰Ρ
ʣΪԼ֪һģ׻ôˡ
֪Ϊ֪֮ж˵ѾǶ֣ѡ
ôʲô
޶ǰһƷ۽̸Цô
һһѩۻ䣬Ը⣿
ԼԸ׷ѧ߾磬ƽնһˣ
һˣͬҵ˸ϰС϶ʯ顣
һбޣȻȻֵֺαȥֻܾҪǴǶ֣ѣʲô
µ̧Ƶǰ˯ϣľƽֱ޲

Ĭ֣߽ߣֳŴأظ
ԷĴ΢ȣŵľ㣬Եʮҽʧֻһ˯ֻ֪֪
ûһĶֻͣ˶̶̼룬ֱӣ־˼һᡣ
֪˶ã͵ƱϨ
½͢£Ƭ̱ǳǳߡ
ڰУһ˫۾΢΢Ŵᣣһ˿ӡ
ҹžȴƽ

 40 

ʵǺ
½͢ЩʼЩŹ֣֮µˣôͻȻԱ˵˽¸Ȥ
檣ֻȡһư
ղһĻ
ۣԱߵ˺ƽ೤Ϣ
ԼԵ⣬ο˷ȱȻǽ¥ʮûϾȥ֮£ԼܹƭͱѣŮ鰮Ψһֵ̫ȥЩü֪ܿԼĺøУΪûʲôоҲȥӦ
ڡ
̾Ų֪ҪηӦֻװ˯˭ôһŪȻƽ
ҹ˳ҹδߣȴ
峿컹δȫ½͢ˣǶɵϰߣÿîʱ̣ȻȻҲ⡣
ֻǵԼͬʱ۾ʱȴҲɵ΢΢һ㶡
˯ã
ûУֻһΡЦü۽ǲƣɫ
½͢һۣҲû׷ʣأϴŽݣԺ
ĵ˯ţҲƵԺС
ҲĶǣֻһһʽ֮䣬ȴ·һ˿ͣ˿ҲսʤĶ֣ȴüͷһ塣
˲ˡ
½͢Ҳδսɽһ׽꣬սʡ
ֳŽס棬һδ⡣
˵仰ʱ½͢鼫רע·Ҳ޷Ҫõ𰸵ʡ
͢뽲Ҳƽ
Ҷ⣬Ů֮䣬֪뷨
֮ǰ֪Լ˵ĸоȴһֱģ壬ֱ֣Ѧμã˿һ㿴Լġ
½͢һΪˣҪ飬ûס飬Ҳǿ󣬱̹Ȼʳ
һˡ
ԷԼƽƽ¥㲻УҲ־Ϊвȱȴ˳ɫۣܿһ
½͢ˣܿһĲôҪ׷˼ͬˣܾҲܳϳĶŮ鳤ģ
½͢½͢ǽƸеŮңҲԶԣֻһֱȵԷıһ졣
ûлش
ΪѦ߽Ժˡ
˵ĶԻжϣ½͢΢в죬ȴǵûʲô顣
ѦԼʲô˵ɫƺʲôҲûЦնл¥ǰϸӵĽʶԵ
ȭִһڵЦ⡣
Ѧμһԣķޡ
һ置ڽƮֻ˵д֣üһ޸ֻ֮ʶʥ飬֪£˵ĲֹʮǧһӺ޽ġ
ȴƫƫôɡ
μиĸԼѧʶڣǰ˿ƾٽʿ㱻˹ţֻμ⣬п͸µĻ۸ֲϲһ֮ǹٹ磬ڣҲȥٳͬӦͬ졣֮ʱɢģԶʱȪǱߣȴһȺպѦ·Ѫ˳־
˱ȣǧżѻֻμ߳жֻ˼һҪƽʹӣ۶̣ȴԾԼŮøСԹŮ²ɣѦѵˣ쳯ϦദҲᾫʯΪομΪ˴Ʒ˵Ҳǳ͵ġ
ȻسףҲҶμв޸ã׮²ûܵκ谭½ְ͢ԧ¡
Ѧｲգμһۣ࣬Զ
һ׮ѻֻѦû뵽Ҳ˹ϡȻʧЦΪѦΪˣĳ嶾λһһҲ׵ġ
̶ʮأ֪ˣҲùһ˹¶ȥѦӣμһԾţЦҲо󵨲̣÷ˣȷ֮ϡ
θСһƬʯ·õʱ䣬ֵӣߺȣּۻۣȴһ̬ͼ
ֵ߳ĵضΣСʱ³羰ã÷δһӢأݳݺɡ
˵徲ͣȴӵļѴϧϯɢһ졣ǰ΢΢̾
½͢ҲԶĿû
Ƿ֮ǰֻ㵱δĵط
֮أջĿ⣬Էϣ
ϣ½Ƿ˿΢͢ò书޳ңϲκһŮӣҲ㣬ֻҲףλң
һҪҸɣǾְա½͢ǹܣҲˣȷʵƺֻɶѡ
½͢һֱִѧ׷߾磬гڣҲһֱ£ճ񣬲Ҫӷģ飬һγ书֮⣬࣬Ҳõġ
΢΢һ̾ʶδһ˴ȴһ׮ò˵
½͢ڣûдߴ١
ϣ˵Ѫͳ

 41 

ڶʮǰԶ𣬱Ѳ
ɹϣҮɺһǻ壬һǺ壬Ҳ˵ɹҮϣգЩ޹Ҫĸ׽ҮʢҮʢĸ׾˵ǵɹʵҮ͵峤˫ЩԶ׹ϵҮʢȴǵӣӣĸҲߣڵʱ˵ܴҮʢȻʫ飬飬ȴòӣ̳Ȩ֮λԵ³ʱγγǺܣĸһ߾°ɹĴҹ㣬ݱɫֻҮʢ鷳֮µ⡣
׮һʼűĹ£Ůӵĺӳ֮󣬸עֽ֣˫ȱ޷ߣ˵һӶ϶ȹ˶ⶵŮ޷ϵԾҮʢŮӲûжӡ󣬶ӸϲһͬԼʧǡԼǲӵӣֳ׮£δи̧ͷĽ⺢ӶҰ
þӱ̵ĸҹŵһͨ˼ſڣӴڱһټһٵ״֮󣬵˻߻ͣһ·ߣһ·֣żĵȺһֱߣ֪ʲôɽǹʲôӣֻҪܻȥʲôҲνҲѾˣֻһʬ⣬ֱΪ
ʮʱԶź֪뿴ʲôӦþǷ¥иԶűϴɹȳҪ࣬ΪԼŲ֮˼дȴȴƶģȻҲΪȴʣλȴײеģ뺺˲޶ʱ֮ս£ɵģս죬ҲΪǿ֮¹ԭ
κһˣΪԼѪͳ˶лͬУⷬȴܶԹ編ƣһʮŨγͳν׼ԿطԾȨ£Ϳƣ䱸ʵ佫λ±֪֪ɽսӮ٣˽˼Ϊʱʱγ߾°ӣڷջ֮£ɶԹҲ쳣Եʡ
ԼѪͳ֮Լԭ£ȴܣҲ㽫ֺĹ۵˵ӰˣΪǲʵʵġ
ڽڵϸϣǵλιŮӵĸ׮ȥͷβĿãȻʹļףȴΪСӱ˲ӳУĴѰңȴҲҲǸӣ˺ҲֻЩ߻ա֪ϻϢ֮˶ʱΪȥһЩǮƣȴӲԼûбҪȥƽ֪㽫롱УҪЮ¥ֻ֪ͲԼνϣ֮ʾǲϡ
׮ԴһЩ˵ȻǿõĹߣ¥˵ȴΪ㲻ΪûеĹֻ½͢˵һȴɵԼԷպ֦ƽ١
½͢Ͳ׹ˣҲȷԼ֮ͺг
Ȼ΢΢üɫûʲôı䡣
㣬кθϵҵ뷨кθϵ
ҡͷЦŸп
֣͢Ҳһӭж⡣
һľһÿ˶ԼΪҪ飬ԶԼڵһλ½͢Զɷ裬
׷ȴԸԼһ½͢½͢ô
֮УҺҵľ磬ȥһֱ׷ң㵽˽һҲѧ۷塣ջߣ߰ʤѩϣǷޱͷȥȻΡ
Է΢ֽӴԼͷһ˲䣬ӹһ˿ȴ׽Ȼϣɫ̩Ȼ
ͷ˳½͢ջ֣˵ͣ˵ȴҲǣȷʵδ⣬Ҳ㣬ȴǵ½͵ԭ򡣡
һ˼˼Ϊҵľ磬Ѿﵽˣ飬δؾͲ辶˵̫飬ȴ˵ȻˣΪβȻȻ˳ӦȻǴ⣿
½͢һ˿֪͡ңк֪ң
ЦҲ֪к֪
 ա

 42 

ԭĺСˮ࣬ƺӣˮ֪˶飬쾵ۿ˺ӣòʵ˺ֱãʫơΪ˺ӣǧͨ
ɽɽˮˮջۣȻΪİɣǰĸףʮǰذС̲£ͳһģ־һķչˡţ֮ƣΪϷˮĵλʽȷ
ɽȴһ¡
Դ֮Сڣǽ˵ıɫδΪһ쵼ߣȻǲϸģĸ׶֪Ϊ˶ͷֻǶڲԽˣΪڴϣ˫Ŀգʡ¡
ˡܣٰɡһҩ䣬սս˵꣬һ߾ϹһŵķȥЩײŽˡ
ҹȥɽףͷҲشȵеĻͽ겻Զ
ܱС붡ɽһ𳤴ΪַͣǱѰȻᱻһȱˣֻǿ˿ϵİԼӲ¶Ź¶ıӰɰ̾˿һû䣬ɳȥ˻ڼѰ
ˡɽתɫ˫Ѫ˿ʾѾղߡ
书ôߣԵ޹ʳģȴƫƫ⵱ͷʧ٣֣ͳˡ
ⲻĵʱ򣬵ЩˣأܱеżˣаԲѣ޹ʧ٣ĵĻϲ⣬б׺ŻɽҲԱôǾûϣˡ
Ҳϣ˲룬Ƕ¶һ˿ʹ࣬ɽ˱ۡȥټе¡
ҪҪϢһ¡
ɽڰ֣ʾȳȥܱΣֻȥʣӶˡ
ѣңĲǶ塭طӣͷ䣬š
е¶á
Ȼǵʢ꣬а˰֮ҵĶ幢ǱĹǵĺð֣塢壬ⱼҲǼвֶεģһжźõķչ˵Ѿܷ⣬ôֻ⡣
һһжˡ
ͻȻԲѣдϲԭ򣬸֪жһ򱻵ΪֵĶ壬ȴպʱʧ٣֪ȥֻʣ壬ûѹƣͻȻ֮ˬĿЩ
£һʱδңҲʼ
ۿүү͵һֽҪķѡ
ͻȻСʱţæڰ񣬾켸ҹҲˣʱ򳣳ǶԼС߶Լ棬书ѧֽ˵ĵ˵壬˵һס
Ķ壬ôı׵֡
סȭͷָѾѪ˿ٴʹҲȲͷʹࡣ
壬ң׵޹أִ֣ǰһһֱվߣ£ˡ㡭
ĵԵʣȴ֪ˮӡ
ʱǧ֮⣬ȴڴȻԵãɡ
ȵġ
ڽ磬һͷһβδϵԶԶȥ˵Ϊϵ˶˯ˡ
ˣͷ
һЦһѾûˣ¨ȴտҲһͷˣƺҿ൱Ƕӡ
˴Ӵͷ߹£˶ûҡ֣ƾСƮ
ˮ˺٣һֱ죬е󣬶Ҹ¹ֻ꣬Сûмˣֻˣڴͷ޶ԵעĿ
½͢δԼд£龰ȴòͣ˷·ǾôţҲľ
͢ʲô΢Ե˫ۻ˵ʱ򣬳ݺЦ崺磬ʮɵϰߣȴܿЦʱǲĴЦ⡣
½͢ͻȻǰ˵˽Ѿһ̶ȣΪԼܿ˿̶Էģ֮ǰȥ̽һ˵ġ
һǰ˸˵һﴹұȻš
飬ֻ벻ȴûз˵ġǰ濪СдȤţ˳ʶ龰ΣѹͷǸ˶Լ˵Ҷ⣬Ů֮䣬֪뷨
½͢½ֻ͢벻£ûҲ¡
΢΢Ƿ֮ǰԼδǷĻ֮Լģǲ˱仯
Ҳ֪к֪ȷʵֻ仰֮⣬Ƿʲô
ֻǰ˵˵Ů֮⣬ôأ
ûоıѣô˵ⷬ㻹
ѵһ֪½͢ȴ֪ھͶ֪֮Լ˼ˣԼȻ
䣬ж٣
½͢΢΢ģû֪ԷҪʱȥ˼;Ҳһֱڵȡ
ȴһҪĵ飬֮½͢˵ƺһȤΪһһҪķĵ顣
С밶ѾԶ½͢Ŵϵ㣬Ȼ֮ƣڽߡ
η£۷ϣͷİ˱ǰһصϡ
ֱԶȥδع
⾿Ǻηˣ½磿
ֻǷˣǰѩʯòͷˣ
ʱĸݻƵġһǸƽһ᧿Σƴʱֳ˷ֻԣֻξһδһձֵɣԶڿ˵֮Ƕͨ˵ֻҪսδȼøﻹøνײ裬黭ʫƻԵøļ¡
ݳмʮ˵СʳñɫֻҪݵˣ޲һһڸ֮
һ̤𷻣еСǰк
λ룡
λС磬Ҹ¥İ䣬ٰƹ񡣡ЦŸͣȴֵݸһɫ
С֣ʶ㣬Ҳ߸˵ӣԽ֮ｻƹ˭֪ƹһɫɶҲ˵Ӿ϶¥ȥˣõСֱֹ
֪ˡƹ߽䣬㹧һҾ
ôף߶˲ǡЦ㣬ȴĸˡ
ҲܸˣǰҲ̹Ĺ¥ĳϣͽ󣬱뵽⸧ƹ
۾½͢ڴ˵ȣѷڹӡλǣ
½͢ҵѡ
ԭǱȻ½֣͢񡣡Ҽҹˣ½ȣʵڲʤм
ˣ֮͡½͢΢΢һƣû
֮ĹϵûбҪϸ˵
壬ûʲô°ɣЦ
ûУһ׮ҲǲСķա΢΢ЦԲѣҹ䲻ڸݳǸѰӵ䣬ʱҪһɧţʧ󣬵ҲˣֲΪС¾Ͷ¥
˵ţСС

 43 

ƿ߳ȥͿһ¥ſվһˣ⼸һֱȫڣݹٸϵһιٸǱҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ֻҪЩ˲̫֣ͬǿͷ𷻱¶С͵ķԸԶԶض㵽һߣûȥǣ˽ˡ
ֻһɴˣԦϣݬ룬Щ˽һȦ񣬾Ҫˣһ۹Ƴ䴦ŵŮӣаһԽͶˡ
СĹһҪ㣿˴ǰȥЦ
Ůһ̣վ˲ܣѾץסˡ
ۼ˵ϷŮӣſϷĴ̼ȲǰȰ裬ҲæﻹͲͬ֡
˽ֲ£˵ѾŮӵȥа̾һҪ֣ȴ˲Զһͳﺺʲôʱ޳ˣ޸֮ŮӶҪ裡
ѭȥֻһʮ꣬ǵվİ˫Ŀֱǣ޾ɫ
ǵϷŮӵڵǷͷĻЦһҲ£
ĳ䲻һȴΪû뵽հܻģȴҲԼ
һ⻰֪Ҫ㣬ȻǼŭ壬ӳȥ
Ӣۣͱүˣ
һ¥Ŀѷ׷ױܿпҪᣬһ¥ȴֻһأѱ˰ס
ͷһ
ӣ⡭ֻȴûм½͢һɨķ䣬ѾտҲ½
һ΢΢һЦʾ԰ꡣ
й֮бҲ֮վһ߿Ϸſ
׷æңڿջ֮ڵܣʱΰȴʼմһƬ½ǣֻĽǶȺͶʮǼ˼Ҳ
׷ˣԼȴ۵ڻðкȻṦȴһֱû¶Ĺ򣬴˿̼ѵ뿳·ЩмܲסˣһģһѵϣʱһѪۡ
⼸ʱҲͷϣĿȥʱ򲻽𷻵ҲҪӰ죬Ǽװ书ֻĳ֣ò֡
ӷֱ˽£Ӵ˷ԼСĲȵµıƬһ
ȴһ㵣·𲻸Լӹһ١
۸ˣһȥͲˡ
Ǽ˷½վ¥ݿڲ֪ʲôʱ˸ˣһϵġ
ֵǽù˸壬˸ȳӡһҧ˳ץ𵶡
λСĪǵ⣬±㲻̫ˣ֮λôˣҾҲûЦеģҲ󣬵Ǽôôۡ
ôһȳӣΪԼǰ
ֻǶٰЩ飬ţһˡҲŭЦݿ䡣
Ǽһۣһ˵ʸ´
Ī⡣ڵɨһۣһ۸ڶӵܣվڶ¥ķмҪΪԼ¥ͻȻ˸ˡ
˽ת˼ȦȷԼû˵񼣬ǽĪǣ
ҵ֣ôʵҸͷȥˣǲʶңѲɾʶô˸ۣǼ˲õ֮ǰֲ˵Ҹǿ϶ûʶˣϤһЩĪ˭
ǼתۻһЦԭĪĸֶĪҵ飬ʵǵˡ
ֻͽû˵ֶġڵϣԾЦһЦǣϵ˿ڣֻס
˵ƺãӻֵȻô˵ˣǽ¾ͿҵˣҸٰҲЩʱδˣȥһɡ
Ǽֳ֮ɫּ˾䣺İɣҲ˵飬ϴȲ㱻ȶϣñٰˣⲻڻأȻ˸ݣô˵лȥ
˵һӣǼÿжһɶϲüңڳĪӡ
Ī˭Ϸ˼䣬Բ˵Ҳ˲˶֪ģȻĪֶӣѾ࣬⸱ŷ֮̾࣬ȴ֪¥˷ΪΣۿǼ˳ţʣҲֻþϢ
ǿŸ޷£ֲڣҺ۸ǰɣɽİ𣬺޺ҧ
ܱһ԰ԿЦ
Ī⣬ڰһϾ˼ףҺĵԳŰ֮λʱ£㣬˶ΪԼﻮһ˶԰ĹɾٰӣζùЩˣ
ٰʳǣаͶʲô鶼ֲȥգ֮Ը˼ѧϰ棬һܹӻ˶ڣҪЩꡣ
ĸ׺žȻҲƵƵɧǵÿڣˣɽŭ޲ߣŭֱȥҲֻÿЦֻҪҵ壬Щӭжˡ
ܱȴôҵҹȻҪڵ֮ҪЩĹϵϣĪҪȡȥ
ɽͷ֮ѷͷЩ˴ţδϢֻϢͱжˡȻģȴɵӣĿǰһмʾǶѾˣΨֻ֮취ͻΧȥ
ҹΩζ࣬ҹʱ֮࣬Ǹʱڻٰӳȥ
ɽŭҾȥҲַ㣬ҴСһ𳤴ֲˣҲ˵ֻ
ܱĬĬ̾ϢҪ˵洫һŲ꣬űƿ
ȴʵʵ֣ӣΪСҪԿʵϣ˼ܣСơ
ɽλĪӣ˵ѣǰ̽ģˡ
ɽϽİˣ񲻹գ֮䣬ܿȻĪ֣ôģ
˸ݣڴ˵أôҪ㣬Ȼµģܲ˾ȶ˰ɣ˱˵ţתǰĶɽһģ
ȲôôֳԼ˵ģɽȻΣܿ˳ĻӦҲ÷˼¥ôٽҿƺûбʶƣ⵽ô£
Ц̣ϸ۲ǵ飬ֶɽȻȣȴѵĵݷӦαٿˣȫһé®ëͷСӣ
ˣɽͺúøĪİɣȳȥˡ
תҪߣɽҪôһֶԭ򣿡
һ㶣΢΢Цɽ˵ӻˣСƢˣ㸸ײڣкܶҪȥġ
ɽЦȻûǣΪԺӶȥ
ҡҡͷǺɸֵʹġ㵹ˣͨﵩ㸸ײ˶֪һ˼ܣȰ㲻סֻú÷ʡʡ˵㣬ָŶɽҪȳ⣬̾Ϣһ֡˵⸱ӣôⱲ˵ôĵӣ
ɽҭһ仰²ֻܸɵۡԼȷʵǴ֪֮ײʧٵģԼǰҲȷʵٹĹ񣬵˵Լȴ˲ТӣǿȰԼаĳ
һֱųȥɽվɫò뷢ַ
״һЦϵ
ɽջصŷŵ˫ۣתˣ졣¥Ǻιʣ
֮УҲǺ𡣡
ּһ¥ɣȴȡɽ̾ϢһתڴʯԲ¡кøУô˵˼ҲȹԼ˷ǰϲԵ޹ʡ֪¥ܺУ
ӡ΢΢һЦһֽϡ
ղŽŵڣܱһֱڹ۲ȻУͶ֮ȴ޲ȣۣԺ㲻ɸֳһʣѹӡ
ָòȡ
Сʱ붡ɽһ飬˵һ仰֮뻳ǻ᲻⣬ȴ⣬Լҹӣŵ֮Ƚϣһܼ
ɽץֽһɨû廹ڸݣΪʲô֣
һʷ֪ӺֻֿһֽȻ򣬰ֽյ
˵ڲ¶棬ʱһȻѰٰġЦЦ˱裬սţ޵ò衣
ɽǣȴɮ붨ֻ·꣬һȲ裬ֻ˼ڣȴûƷʲôﵭоúúȡ
ķƣҲƣֻƿ˻⡣ﻹô
ɽͷߴΣ˵ҵԲڴ޷£֮еҺ͹¶Ҫϯ鶨ΰ
Ժ룬θִɢϣ˶پ΢΢ۣ뱭趼Ʒζ͸ۣƵٰҺԲֵԭô
ɽ¡Ϊƴ󣬻ߣҵĻԸѲɡ룬ҡҡͷԣǶĻйأôϵԼ
һЦͶ嶼ˣ˷Ҫ
ɽԼס˵ôڣԼ·վҪԼȥߡ
ɽ뷴ߣȥĬĬŽ䣬
ҹĻ١
ҲûŰǣʱ˺÷ò˵ͽ
ɽȥȥǴϢٽݽȻ׳ȥɽͲܱ޲ߣȴȻԵõسԷȲ裬ϵɽ֪«ʲôҩ˼ֲ˵ֻ޿κεһҲˡ
ʱϴһߵ
ɽͲܱΪԮˣһϲԽܱǰ򿪣ȴһƮƮӴڽͷ̶ţߴ½ɫǶӣѻѻһƬڷһֱ䣬۽üҾ⣬̶ͬб񣬾¡
˶סˣһʱӦֻɨһۣϡ
ɫιʶУҲ䵭Ȼǹǧ֮䵭ȴ˲ϲ׽Ը˾
ʲôѵҲ˰ɽ˰βŷӦ
Цѵⲻֻ֮ͣô
һһȣһĮһЦȴĬ˲㲻á
ɽҲ׷Լǲ˵⣬ԴݴǺ档

 44 

һ죬½̤͢¶¶ٰ᷿˵֮ɽԴȴ޿κΡ
ˣ׾ȥ磬ȴһڴ˿ȲǲߣһҹҹʱϿִ˲ƣȴӶ
ԭԼΪĿǰ״ͷöôһͣɣۼ֮ڽ龹ƽ
ΣܸԼϢѾ˺ţԼļҲ޲׼¡
ȴʮ
ܱ˫ϥĿϢѾһʱࡣ
ڴߣ￴һի־һ߿ʱȼԻɽ֮սÿ仯ë
û°ɣȵЩɽվΪ˱ˮ
޷ҡҡͷȴ޷ֹһͣؿھЩƣüͷ΢΢š𣬰ǼոһѪ˿Щ
Ƕµ¥ôǰˣ˫޷ߣճȭ洽ͿȵģһȴҲˣóҼУֽʽɽׯ֮һ档
ʤѩǫǫӣ١ɽĬĬȣԼСڸıӻ֮£ȻûгΪӵܣҲòȥʮʲô
ڶɽ֮̾ʣ½͢ѾӴҲûһۣߵԡ
һֵֻסıůԶԷָ⻺ѪҺתپ࣬ʾԷҪٽԼһչü͢ϾӵıԽԽˡ
̨ɽдȪӦ档Ϊ½͢䲻˵ôһ䣬Ŀͷٵīˣһ飬ͷڷɢ
ôɨһۣûзԼҪĶ㳯ɽʵ
ȵȡɽһ£Ҵܵ˰ľŻר־гǰһĻôôŹ֣ȴ˵Ź֣ٿȴŪɫ糣ްɰ̾Ȼǳзǳ£书˫ҲһһĹ졣
תۼ䣬½͢ѽڷ˸٣īӹ̶ס˼ۣδ֣ȴ¶ɫ
յͷ
á΢΢һЦͲ̵ӣͷһֱ̽ģ˲ڣÿԼͷͷȥ˲ٹҲֻǿܼ˶ѡ
ԼѾʱ˺ˡe
һֱΪ֣ԼҲǽֵ֮һҲԶ繢ӡԾбɲ޻ԹޣʱʱԼڶλϣȻӪøӷˮ
ʼڶʳһЩƽʱûжԣ洦Ĳҩ帺ɵ޷ܵĳ̶ȣͻȻ׵صƫƫʱ򣬹ҲһʧѴ֮ϰͺðˡ
ɽŵѾãٴԷڣʵΪһٰǸõϵġ
£ܹΪΰģ˭
磡űƿĵż˽һж׼ˣʱ֮¿ʼǷҪȹȥ
סӵ仹ûϢô
żҡҡͷ֪ôͻȻͲˣݳǶ췭ˣûˣҲȥˣ
Ҳգһ˳Ҳͻ췦ˣʱ˰֮λٳҲûáվ·һ˿Цݡ

 45 

üžֻв
ɨһۣ£ʮа˾ѾվԼ£ۼ֮λʤȯգ־ٽҲ¶һ˿˷ܡ
׺
ճذ󲿷ˣһνϰ֮λڽƸ£δڽе˵ҲؽأָҲָտɴ
ţŷֵָҲ΢΢ףƣȨɫһĶ˵Ѿߣܲ鼤
ңٰˡ룬ɽ߽ԱһһҸڣȥġ
һƽͬɨһۣʲôҲû˵Եλ¡
ķӦеɣԼɹȥˣһʮʱû뿪ɽһ֮⣬ݻرɽһյĪ˭ֶӣǸĪڷ˻죬Ŷٳ
ɽųģ鲻Сڣ޳ǸǾʲôصڵģӣűԼƿڴʵȴ
һжѾ׼ˣ˶ʮ꣬ûʲôֹܹңҲܻᷢʵġԼ˵飬㻺ڣ
ǰգΪµ飬صؽҶټȥҲǰ취һδѣһȺףλﶰô죬ǵһó³
ǻ˵ôҲʲôʱѣʧˣھֻ¸أܴˣֵǶ֧㣡һվŴֺ쳹á
£ָߵĹ±ȱȽǣɺͳвԥ
˭֪һģһС䵽һ£ǾԶԵĸĸڣ˵˼ҲͰ˾Ųʮˡ߸ö⡣
Ȼڲ£ϾٰڣҹȻڣһѣֻ²̫׵һڵؿڡ˼ףһϰԭİѹʱô죬ûǲã
ͶɽͬʱǸˣüɽȴͻȻеһ˿ůһںƯѾõͻȻһСڣۼĹ£ԸΪ˵һ仰ģȴ޼
ⱾԣûʲôÿģЩ죬˺ܶ࣬Ҳͨ˺ܶࡣǰ֪նܾԼ书ٰλã̳а֮λˮɣȥ˼Щ飬ڲŽףûеڱĸԼԲʡ
˵仰Ͳ̫ˣǰԶѲѵλһֱȥôĽںεأ
չ˵ǣ֮ѡ°Ҳöи
Ǿǣ֮λһδֵܶȺװ

ۿˣвѣڵ԰꣬һԡҶ֮λʵûжȤǰҲ˵ģϣȺףҪ֪ڱ׺ǻѾǺüÿڣȥֵǾûˡ˶٣¶֮ͬɫӵҵ뷨ǣѡһ°ݴ֮λȰһѣ㽫λù黹֪λΣ
˷׷׸ͣ˭֪˵ƯʱһȥͲǶѹ߼仰ܽˡ
˵üǣݴѡҾˡ˭֪ڳ˰֮⣬繦󣬿࣬ʮΪµĺͣҲûн졣żһڣҲ½ԼղΪɽ˵չ£ȥɽֲһľګɰ̾ϢҲû˵
˷׷ױֹ̬ƴ˼Ϊ̾εºܣֵ֧ңҾ͡
壬ǲΪľѲˣ
ɽûбѨΪ϶󳳴Ҳ޲Щ˿Ƿİ˭֪Դӽ֮һֱû˵ֱڲ䲻ðһ
һѵû£תһ־ܣԵĶʮʱͷ٢Ҳ췦
ֶ˵ﻰҪѣǱ˭ˣô룿
ɽôأŶͲܣҲԵΰ֮λɣ
ڴˣȻʸֻ䲻
ǲǶڴˣͿλˣɽĻ
ɽ㿪ʲôЦôҡҡͷһʹϧȴɲĿѰڳˡ
ܣҶϲˡżͻȻڣȴ΢΢˻ƣҡҡͷ̬ȫƻ˸ˡ
󾪣͵վȴ󺰣ˣ
ҲغˣѾûˡһֻ޳ƿȴǸԳĪˡ
ܺ㣬ЦҲȫ޺ȴһԼļ֣иĸ֣ȫǰ˽ˣ
һĻʱҳһţļ˳סεȥָȫڶԷѨ
ֶ˵˼ٴһ㣬ԼֽͶˡ
һʱٸ
㵽˭žһתϾ˼ż٣ǰİҧ
˵
ϰ˳ȾĿ⡣
¥ƺһԴǺ֮ǡҺԩ޳ڲ飬θɣ
ûϻشֻ΢΢ͷ˼һ£˵ѪĴ𰸡
һʱˣ߶֮¡
صļԣw w w.2 7 t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
 46 

̸ܣ
ƿڴȴ˲ϻ죬תżƤˡôҲһк
Ṣӡ
Ȼֵ˽ݣĸ棬ԼӵĹϵԶΪÿʲô飬ֻԿһۣ֪һԼǲ⣬˭ϲһܹ͸Լµһȥ
ܷˣһһĨ¶һ忡ѾʮˣڵòĹӱضʮֿӦЩģЩ鵢ˣĪ֡
ĵأʵһͷĵ׷ɿתš沼µָˣԼҲδȫϾҲܹȻڹӳ֣ý¶һƵϣЩˣȻǽͷݣǸղѾȻʾ֧ԼĪ˵ɽԽϰ֮λˣȲŹľЩˣǱҲȻ֧Լ
ϵòȷʵڲ飬ղųֻ£ԼԼЩڶɽ׳԰׺ȵĲ
ûԼˣԹһǣȻαϷ˵ע𽥱ͻȻֵĹȥ
ۣȥϢˣͻȻ־ǣܿ˸ССЦԲ԰׵ЦЦ
ƨĵѲ֪ʺ˹ӶٱڣȻǿЦȻˣôݴ֮λ
µ㻹׼ôҵԲѣһϵûУɽЦĻ
飬Ҳͬɽ飬ⲻˣƢʱ򡣡֮⣬֤ݣ
㣡ɽȷʵĶ֣ÿÿ˵˲һ仰ܱš
ңʱԣææ£ֵǶҪѡˣҾð»ɶԵйأ½ãѹãһվȭ۾ȴŹӡ
֪Լǿѹ˺ж֢״Ѿ˿ˣɰԿЦ
ɨһڵĽ䣬ȷûͼֿ֣µˣתӵͷ磬µֻίˣȥǰˣȥϢ
˭ңɽŭһƾǰץ˵İɨȥ
˵עɽȺִԵչһԾϣĿֱָ
һֱֱˣһˡ
ȴԱߵĹӡ
ӱܵ˺أеĶҲᣬⶼͣǾٳֵˣƫƫϴˣƴŶؼӾУƼأҲҪء
壡ɽһҺȻĹӡ
ӡ㡭ִѪ£ؿڣӣԴǽݣһֱҲ˳ۣʲô㶼ҪԵףհ֮λ㡭ǡ
ˣԸҪҲҪĺ¡
㺦˴磬֮λûҲиҵ֪֮ӿЦţ϶á
塭ɽ˫΢΢ŻеѪһڿ³Դȫˡ
һʱңۼתһЩҡڲ￪ʼ̣ɽŹѾȫʧȥӦܱ˴ҽһЩһһƷ
˳¹꣬ľζڱϢʣɫ΢䣬·Ҳϴ
Ȼü䵭纮񣬾һμʱһ
΢΢һЦ̨֪ɽʱڵľΣ
ȴ˴á½̫͢ϲһУģȨЩ˵
֪飬˲ڱԹֻ˵Լĸܣ̨ɽ徲ľɫȻȷֲݵҪࡣ
ԲֻǴ𣬴óһ£ݸ
˽ӹȥ˼ۣ¶е졣񡣡
ߣܽٶٲа񰲻꣬˵ûʲôôȴǱ̽أı¥ֵͨʣȻϵãȴû뵽ﶯңɽԴ֮С
ֻ½֮͢ǰȴ֪顣
һܹĻΪһһ飬ʯĳ㲻ܲΪ֮ݡ
΢΢жʲôҲû˵
ʲôԵö࣬ȻʲôҲ˵ˡ
ܱŶɽʰо֣æ֮ͻȻˣߵ⣬ÿ˵ӰнԶ
£һһˣԽԽģ·۳һ㡣
ԶɽĨ΢ƣˮ²ݣɫ࣬ǡá

 47 

Ǫ̈̄ɽϣ̨ɽԶСɽ֮С
ȪˮԵɽһеγȻĳӣŻΧһз·𶼸
һԴ
һ·Уͳ˰࣬
ʱδɽ庮ԡȪʱ
ǰ龰͡
ںδʣȪò½͢һˮˮºܺʡ
˫޷ߣҪˮ½͢æҲ飬ͷˡ
ۼ˿½½͢΢΢ͷȪأϤ죬ֱЦ
֡͢
תͷѽȥȻ궼ߣβ˳жȣǸ˹ĵ棬Цµʵ
½͢Լȥ£߹ȥᱧȪУԼҲˮ
ˮվֻǿؿڶѣ˫ʹµĻˮͻûͷ½͢һץסֱۣȴʵǽϰȫԼϡ
Ȫ˵Ѭǳǳ죬½͢һ˽ؿȴĽëʵܳ
Ũò۾Χ΢΢£ëӰ㸲˰۾ȴԵôֻ˿һ
ͷɢں棬Ѿˮʪ˴룬мھϣûڵĺԵʮš
˵ľ뼸ûз϶һͷп½͢ͷһڳرߵʯͷϣųرߣȵˮƤϣ·ӹͷ͸ʸУ̾Ϣ
δǰһ棬½͢쳣á
ַȥǰɢͷƵ󣬽ȥȪЧϣµ󼲡
꣬ףʾҪ˷
ǸűѬȾˮ½͢һӾͿˣȴͻȻһִӱȥͷϵժڳرߣһͷѻͷкˮС
΢΢ǰ㣬һů⡣
һ𣬽ë΢΢̧ۿЩȴûƿ

ůһ̣к֣
Է·̾Ϣһƺһ
ˣ࡭
ˮǧ
ֻ˵˰䣬ûŶԷɶ֮ʣ΢΢Ŵ״
ʯͷǺ˲ãסѲ
ĵ΢΢Ц
˵ʲôо
΢ǰˣ
ǰһҾ֣
ѵǽ˰ɣ
֮һ֣ţڡ
ģģ̾Ϣ
ˡ
ҲҲĲܷϡ
ԼҲ顣
Ҫͣ
Է޽䱸Լȴ²֡

 48 

ǵڶμ
һҽʱûм˫Ȼ߽ˣ֪ǴĪ¥ɶͶע˼עд裬Ȼ£ֲתΪ壬һ棬ʹϣҲ޷ڸķɡ
ڶξڡ
ѦףѾɸΪ̳㱨񣬸պüЯ֮ɽλ¥ûʲô仯ǽڿ¥ʱ䵭庮ƺͲ٣дΪ棬ϴ¥һͷӣμֱֻ֮⻰ȴʲڣֻĬĬĵס
ɽ̨ɽһ羰9b
ǳʱڣϪԶɽȪͷ֦ҡӰУ㲻ɾҲȥԶ˵ɽ㣬ǫ̂ɽ͕iʲͬͬɽͬˮҲԵñɫ
ůľϢ½͢ϣ˲ã㿴һɫӰϣͷ΢΢ţϻһ̲о֣˻û꣬ٿˣȴ˯Ű˫ۣɫݡ
ϢͽŲˣݵʱۡ
̫ˣ̲ס˯Цüδƿ߿Ĵ⡣
ˣǾҲһ
ԺͻȻ仰߹ȥѴЩ͵һЩ˽ĿҲһ΢΢ۣɲͷ۾Ӧ˹ߣת
Ϣѣ
Լã
ʰú룬Ϊ̫ˣʧȥζץϲӷѣ΢΢һЦӣֻҲûù
Գڣϰ䣬ֻѧϰƹ̶ܱѡһ¡ֻڣֶһ
½߱ӡ
½͢һϲ˵ˣϲԼ࣬ɴ䣬ֱ书ʶ֮˵ĻҪࡣ
ҲһѪĳˣȻҲ֪Ҳᶯ飬ɽȪ֮ʱûƿԷѾòͽɡ
½͢񷨣ҲԱ𣬵ⲢʾԼһʼܹ׵ؽܶԷ
Ϊĵ׵ᣬ˿֪˴ȻҲܽ⣬ֻܿʱ䣬ȥڡ
Ȼû˽ӽԼģ½͢
ʱȷʵһҩ
Ѿһģܹץסģֻ뽫
Цǧ֮Уʼ£δֿ֪ͬ͢ɽ£
Էüñѯ̨ɽʲôεġ
ܹ½͢ûо֮֮꣬ǰʮ书һжȤ
һЦ
Ī˭һ˵ɽһܲĿջһƯϰ
ϲү
̫ʦΣвѣ۶룬ݲȡϺʥӢʲôùϲģʷԹ973ŷ趨ǰ꣩
еʥϿպүɴΣǰδе̫ƽʢĻɫ糣˵ⷬȻǼĸ֮ˡ
ЦһĿɲң˵ɹ󻼣гһա˶٣ûȥǼϽΣ
һֱҪСӣҲûʲôϾһ鸾ˣֻҲûʲôôȻˣȴǸ߹Ի£ӶԼϸǲŲʣ˰ɡ
֮ǰ¥õñѴ˶ãֻǮٵģôǮġЦЦֻټǽˣȴ޲ç֮ϧ볯Ϊ٣ȻԹݸְ֮Ҳӳá
Ļԣֲ֮⡣ˣѪεү
Ҳֻ֣Цǲţ֪ˣһ͹ȥɡ
仨̤κδЦС
Ī˭кƯϰһѪͳŮӣ߱ĿѩأԭŮӴྶͥ˵Ҳе죬ȴǱ߷飬ƹݳ̨ɽ²ԶСܻӭľƹݡ
ʱ½͢ھƹݶ¥λϣźС̸
ʱγϺٵƣƹϱƳνϹ
ʱԣ֮Ӷɽΰųٷϴ֮Էüÿڣȡ֮֮ƣҹӡزζ
ʱĪ˭Ϊ˶置ŮƼѶһ⣬ϧǧӣɹ
ʱҼҶ׼¥ս飬Լ³Ȫɽһս
ƽԶƻƮ̱㽫ոǡ
Դת˻ӳӶһףЦǳζ
ɽ¥

 49 

ϱ֮˷գʮǰ귽ʮˣסСׯǿϴһգʮ໧˼Ҽһ⡣ʱû˻Ϊ˱߾һСյȥ׷٣ϸպýǸϼһ١һ֮ڣŮҲбɱͶ·ҪԾպñһ˼ȡǻ˼ƴ٣صת̣ҲƣպҲλСӳŮеģ˳Ͼͳĸ
ʱۣ۵ӤͤͤŮһγʱ򣬱˷°ߣɹһ𱻴ߵģĸϡǰ˵ŮΪҮʢһӣȴмߣҮʢ֮ҰŮӳ룬ֱܹʣñաбʹ֣ѽﵱԼŮȴԼŮ˶˿֮Ѱ˸ӳҮɸʼѰǸҮʢĺӣԼӵѪ
һξ꣬ϲǺӵ֪ңһԱס£Щ߻ʦֲաʮȥ￪ʼƽճһЩǮʱܻ֣̿Ȼȼϣһֱһ죬۽һ主ûʵĸۡһܼҸ˵С˲ûﰲס£㡣
ϲԼжô壬˵ܹԼ˵ѪԸС˽վԼǰȪ֮¼Ҳο
Ȼĵȴȴոһյʧ丮ۡ˴ûгֹֻǸԳǹܼҵˣʼʱͳ֣Ȼʧ֪丮ۡ˭Ŀʶʾʼ뷨ԼС˵ݣҲҪЮǺӡ
һϰŵӣ£һһطЬסѾͣĲͺ˼ͷ˿Ⱦ˰׷ȴʮְƽ޷ֿʹ࣬Ĺֱͦ˼һ㣬̹ӣλձŮӣԶԶ
ͷˣ㿴˭ˣܼƿԺӴ˽żҪһջЦ
̧ͷ۾ΪߵԵʶЩģʹ࣬Źܼҽһˣӳ
ϣͿȥĿѰϵȴ˺ӣһ£Ե÷ҫۡ
ãŲΡΡأվ
˴ǳЦ⣬ȴ˾룬ؿżϣμϳõش
Ȼ㿴پãϻһ۾ϳ
üۣǣ΢Цӣһ
ôãֻѹһֲ
Ȫ֮£ոðϢ˰ա
Щʹǰˮ⣬ȴȻڼǰ˵һ̣˫ۡ
̨ɽ
½͢˫֣վڴǰƺʹⴺվʵڲ롣
ڶʮǰȥ½͢ȴǱһ׮鵢ˡ
Խڡ
̱Ĵϣλʹ֮ǸطĴֻһλλҵѹȥλʹУһλʹճһλʹʱѲӸطãȨ󡣵ԻҲѦ˲ţҶʹ˵
ʹᶣϲϲ̨ɽޣ˰񣬾̤ԼԺһ˽¶ıԹ˵һֻǧڹꡣʹǫǸͷ۵ʱϲԣ˻УղѣϵҪȥ¥ԼĶӣֻʹˣˣ书Ҳû£ˣҲó࣬ʮǰϽʹ㾭⣬̳񿴵뿪̳ôϡ档
ͳǫϡ
һǰǫʶһŮӡ˵Ůݼǫһģ˽֮УŮ鳤ǳе飬Ů֮以ĽҲȻֻҪ˫ǻԹ𣬳ʦһ㶼ἤҷԡ
ǫߵĲͨˣǶŵǸּͽᣬΪʦҵСǶɵ֮㣬Ѿн²֮⡣
һˣûеõʦųͬ£ǫϵʮգ˽֪£ɨء
ҲǫȴҲ̡
ǣˡ


 50 

ӡ
νﵱźϺϣȴվ³򵥵֣ϺȦеߵڵ϶֪̰ؿǰˣһ̲ƿߡ
̾˿һΪԼΪеΣԼȻǲƽֺģ֮ǰһҲϼ
֣
򣿲աҮɣΪ˵ĸѲ⺢׹¿࣬Ʈ㣬ʲôءãĻںתһȦſЦհգɣֺý
˼ʮ꣬˼ʮ꣬⺢ӳΨһΣļˣȴһϲֺ£һ̾һѹ
ϸ㽡׳Ǵʱ鼤·ҲԵЩǣһһǰƵֲͷĿشƣһֱ·ŵ˫ȣ촽΢΢û˵ȴӸɺݵ˫ϥϡ
һ̣ͻȻܵϸ˶ĸ飬־³Σ֮ǰûκһܱȵġ
ȡ̾Ϣһ£Ǳ롣ĸףǿ㣬ʵǡ
֣һԵɣ֪ûǲ㣬Ըοһ߲żϣĹȶˤԼûκθ֮ǶǰλϸˣҲ˵˻
֪ϵͷǰӴʱʱͳһЩǮƣҲɣûм֮ǰʵڲ롣
ǰϼңȴͻȻ֣ǲ丮ۡˣЩԹ룬ͻȻ
ֲض룬Ժҹȥǣ˷ǹġ΢΢һЦδ͸¶ࡣ
˵ŻһԱ˳ȥĹܼҸŶ룬񡣡¥Ҽүλǰһ𡣡
ѵԼǿ뵽ˣȻһλү
ɫһ䣬ڲͬĵطסȻ֪˰ն˵жʹޣУɵ뼸֡
̨ɽ
ʦ޹ʧ٣˽֪ǫΪ̲޽ڻǺ⣿
𣬶ɵӣҲʦİ𣬺üŭĿǰӴǵ񴡣
ŮӸռ룬ֻΪݼߣ۰Сӣ˾͸ܵ
һ߸Ŷ㵽ԶԶһ߳еٵЦݡλ԰̱꣬ˡ
ǶãʱѾһʱˣô˵˵ԼֻһõΪʲôᱻɵڻĪ
üͷһִȴԱߵʦųһͷֻգȴŭδϢ׿Сʦ޵ĺøУǫôɲɷ
ɵ˼ŶԲߣһˣڣüĿ䵭æӭȥͷ񡣡
½͢Ӽ˼Ŀ˵ɻǫĹ⣬ſλ̽ݡ
һֱޣһݱȻ𡣡±½ɣСʦںδ
½͢ɨ˴һۣϵҲ΢죬ȴΪǰ֮˵çײ׮鵢Ǹˡ
ǫ£Ȼн˽֮ˣֻҲĸԸΪҪ
ÿϰȴʲôʱսʵһ̣һЦǲһ㡣
Ҳ룬ڲ֪֮䣬Ѫġ
ɵ˲ѪԷĸԸͿԹˣʮѪָ˭ȥ
ŭڣЦԭһ֮ѣһΪ½Ƕô߲ʵԭҲˡ
񣡡Ĳѷ
½͢˼ƣ״ŭ·ǰСʦõǸˣһʲôǶȴȥˡ
ס֣˴ʧɫУһѽѳ½͢ȥ
õǶҽеһзֻҶԤ֮´ӱ͵Ϯֶȴ
ȥ֮죬ת۽Է·ӯ鶯֮ǶһٮٮߣĽ¯࣬һУʵѽҽеľ跢ӵ˼¡
νҲ˶ѡ
ͻȻֳ뷨һ˿⡣
Цӯӯż
¥ϴһ𣬷ɸʤˡԽӭ˽
үлȻҲ糣һЦɨԱߵˡλǣ
ĻšܣһĿڼϡ·࣬һֱûüˣշ¥ۣʵڿϲɺء
ڽ֮ǰѲᣬƽϢ˿̳ۿԺ֮Ⲣʱ˵Ŵ񡣡лүҼǣϸεºܣү
һЦϷ̫ˣǡñ£ҲΪλԲ֣֪֮Σ
ɫ糣ûƴǡǱ߶үˡ
׼̸δãһϯʢĲȱ½ãһٷｻ
ϯɢ
ĿżȥһЦ
㿴ˣ޶֮
±ΪˣΪçһ֪˷֮ˡ˲ΪãĻҲֵ͸˳ˮ飬޼䣬˵Ҳȷʵʵ顣
ţúܡ룬ЦĪ⡣ûоܾ磬ǽҵ飬϶ڱ˵һƪ£˵ɾһʱʱͷϵˡ


 51 

ϱΪĺӾ㻹˫ȲмܻңٺһҲǶѧһԼԴûгһ뷨Ȼĳֳ״Ԥϡ
ȻɲУǷȣֻǸˣҲݲѰͶһүԼ¶أ
򸮣ϲ֪ݣֹѰѣֻǴͷ⸮д䲻ǸûʣȴǼŹžµϸڣҰ帾Ҳܿ
ϰ̾˿ƽԸֻһ֮أ֯ȶգҵĺӣȴƽźˡ
Ϊ򸮶¶ϲɫһƽ֪ʵϰֻ
ֻݾֲ֮ϲ֮Ҳɻصԭĵطȥ
ϴܹƽ£Ȫ֪ضʮֻϲҲˣʱҲԸ
ԵҪ̫࣬Ұ
Ҳٶ˵ЦŵͷܿԶǱѾ˹ȥ¡
⧲֮һ½͢ȥ⿰Էϣʱ䲻Ǻ֮䣬Ī˵˵ľ䲻ԶȴҲվԱߣҪһҲЩѶȡ
ǱʧɫԺȻһȥֺҲվ˰벽
Ҳ裬ȴ
ˣð֣ĿѪ⡣
ϴȥʮþȣ΢΢ܹ˵ܵʦ𷣣ԼڽҲȵ𣬾ֶβ˭ܷһ֮ǰĸ֣ջա
ͻȻЦˡ
һܵĽǶȣ½͢һգָǽһ
һͻñ̲ס΢΢һ
ȴһı
ҪǰȴѺ齣ٴ̣ȴʧҧҧһʹüһСԡ
ɣеʦųͬţΪҵӣǶһϤȴͬھ
ȲޣǼȣ˱Լͬų˴ּġ
½͢һУ䵭ɫ΢ֻȷʵ侫֮ʹ¡
һ£ѸĽ⽫˾˽ȥδ壬һƺߣǽڵϣˤɫ԰ֽ
ذ壬ؿڣߺ޵ضŶ˿ˡ
ֻΣδн޽⽣˷ˡ
˵һֻϣӣ顣
ǺؿڲǺȣ˼Ѫ
֮ұҪ㡣
޺޵۽ƳͬŻͬǵɫиһѻա
㡣½͢Ҳһۣˡ
㱻仰˿ѪֻΪ˲е½͢ҪѶʲôӵˣԼҲΪ£ֿѧ˶ʮ꣬ŵԿ书Ͼ
꣬ꡣ
ĬĬٹ꣬ұҪһ¡
ԹȻụ̃ҵķչûΪͳν׼̬ȶͣ·չĽŲڰյ峯׶ΣҵԼصķչ̵̡ȵ׳һܺõӡ
ڱΣŵʱȵĻ˼ĵ۹ڻûͳһơԽȣⲢ𽥷չƷģʳҵҵȸͳҵʢҵһ֤˹˵ǻ۲Ƚ˵ͣڱεĶǶҲǺĿ⣬вԶǧ̫˶ӣ䷱֪
Ļ£Ȼʺģٶƣǰʱƿ⣬ҪôұȽԺȫΪ֮ͬң֮£¥ŵĸۡ˿עĿˡ
¥ҪʳҵҲʳùݣڵʱĶùݿͷ䣬¥ռ˰ٷ֮ʮΪ˾ܵĵ͵¥⣬ûȷҳ¥ƣȡ˺ӪһЩһⰲϸԵıǩȷ˵Ϸһζʳһָ𷻣ϴθݳڷܵģһ䣬˸ԵĹ£֪Щ¥ġ
ȻбףڹŴʿụ̃޳УͶԲĶǰɵõٴҲѸλλȨߵ졣¥һôͨЩ⣬̾ĽӴһЩ˲գ߲ô֪ѶϢȨ֮£ѡ취
¥Ѿ쵽ɹҪڲҶϷ棬ɽ棬óһ棬νǮֻͨҪǮҲûʲôģϲܹһֱߣֻһȴһЩ鷳
ҹˣ鷿ĵƻȴš
ϲܹˣһ١
ǵģ˼΢΢ЦϢٶٿ죬һҲˡǰϢˣҲ֪ΪǴϲܹܵûӰ쵽ǵ⡣
ǴҪģû²Ҫġһ̾纣ѾãûʲôѶϢɣ
е纣ϲŭλܹ֮еŭ纣
⵹ûУֻǿ͢ҪˣƵƵ߾
ͳһǱȻġӰùһ빣ĵ
˵ţ֪һҹȥ˼¶ƣɫŷʱ֮죬Ҳӿһ˿⣬ȴ֪ΪһҹδЪͻȻ뵽Ǹˡ
ŽϵĲ˸ûӣһʹ죬˺úЦһûôС˺ü꣬ǲȢϱˣ
ٽһţĹĵӣȥ£ҲǣҪиһô죬ͯͯǷģ㵹ã岻㻹ǿ
Խ˵Խ߶߶˵һѣҲ˵ˣЦðż죬ƢԽˣ´ȥɹð£ֻ̽һ˺ˡ
һɹһҪȥɹʱ
ЦأԾݣ˼Ȥζһʱֱܿ
ʲôôЦ˵Ҳһ֣ܿжһ̣沼ͼСˡ
ˣһٶţһЦת˻⡣ϷڱԺϰ߰ɣ
ǱԺѣмҰȤؼϻϲ
ܿͷɫǺϲģֻҼ仰еΡ
ʲô
˽ݣ˵Լ㡣
˼Ƭ̣ɫ䡣
ȥԺ
ӣôˣٸôãδ˱ɫ
ϱҹȥ
еļɫסˣæӣϣԺȥ˼ܿȻԣȴҲæȥ
Ժ϶ǰ̼ϴŮ
ҹûü
̫̫ҹȥ˯ţ˵ϰԱߣҸ˳ҽ̡Ůί
ʱɫҲǽ׶ѣԺͬһ˪Ժ⡣
ٸ÷š
Ӧ
Žȥ͵˵ٶһϽƿš
ֻǷڵ龰ȴٽסˡ
ںŮѽһУӴ򷭣һصˮҲ˼һ
ûȥƽǶһĻסˡ
ֻһƹȦ˽ᣬһ壬˫Ϊû㣬λƵء
Ǽϡ

 52 

ûڹ
Լ˴粽ţԼһʼͰӹýпɳ֮
û
ϵ飬ǲԸġ
Լһ⵽һûгԹµ·ζûжƽ
Ȼ첻ôֻܿԼԶǰģ˵ҪԼߵˡ
Ȼ
ڣǼϡ
ۣαĵ׻ӿ
϶ʵĳĺãΨһ֤Լ֪֮ˣԼֻҪˣͲܹȥҪЮˡ
Ǽϲ֪ϣģͲʲôΪû
ΪʲôѾʱȴǻסߵˣ
˼㡭
ܿżδڵķˣŲԶˣɫǡ
ӻǳԵòࣿ
˼Ҳɵ΢΢üԹӵ书һٷûʲôȻû洦
ҲǷʳ£ЪϢ÷ֻԼٵЦݺüۣȴǵĲѡ
ܿҧݣ˻񣬽ջȦȴǷˡ
ǸڴˣؿԽ⿪ӵĽɡ
أ
ǲԶһµ˾Ŀ͸֦̣ңԶʣ֪ʲôޱϲ
ҶʵƳܾˣڱī֭ӱʼڼֽοŨŨһȦ

鷿űƿǳҶĶӳһ귽ʮŵ꣬ŨüۣǾ
鷿󣬳һ۾ͿҶʵģæչȥȴֽϿһֻ֣һСȦī㡣
ֽˣһŰɡҪֽȴҶ찴ס̧ͷһԼɫһ̬ࡣ
ɣ㻹ǵô㰢һǳҵļѵʲô𣿡
ڳеڶǳʱˣΪɣʵȴǱųһϣĵճӡ
һ㶣漴Ȼǵã˵Ҫָǳڽϵ͵λ
ҶͷͷѵʾдŴȰǵñãҲСˣԺҪǰڣɾ͵õĸãҳҵΡ
⻰˵ĹŹ֣ȴֲ֪Ӻֻõģɱز
˵ҵΣһ׮˵ȽңԶ飬Ҷʢ꣬Ȼֲģʮ֮⣬Ӳνòֵġ
дʲôĿһתֻֽʣ档
ԼսҶûͣͷҲ̧д꣬ʡ
һΪҶĻΪἰ֡
ҪԼս¥
Ҷͷ̾˿˵С常飬㻹ǵðգ
Ȼ֪׮ԹȪɽ£ǳҼ常¥£Դ˳ڽϵĵλһղһգеңѾĩˡйȻг˲ŵԭ򣬵ԴΪȪɽһսһҲûг
֪¥ΪʲôҪ常ֻ֪֮󣬸ױղҪָյٹ⡣
ֻǳҶһ㣬ôùŬ书Ҳֻϣۼһȥﲻûƺ˥ȥܵĲҿ͸ճ̾龰Ҷľ;÷·𱻻һܡ
ţԵС常书ҡ
Ҷһӣô˳ңҽʵǣʵǡ
ԳĲͳĪǰ;еǣһǸĵĹģȴ˵ȥɳ̾һĳļ򣬱˳ȥ
Ÿ̬ıӰĪһʱ˼֡
ܿÿ춼ú磬Ϊ֪˱硣
ȻŽڰ빺棬Ա˯˵١
ǣ߹ȥֻԷ̧ͷЦһЦָָ٣ʾСЩ
һҹδ˯ܿѹɨһõ顣
һݣȥɹһˡ
ܿһ˽ѹ͡Ϊʲô
ٱһ£һ߻˸ƣﻹСţô˯
ⶼˣ˿Цá
ܿԺУܿй˼ɣȲʣôҪȥɹ
ϲܹܵ书Σˣ˵ûУҲ࣬źɲ꣬ǲϸ˵߼ϷҲᣬóȥɹ
ܿǷԵģ벻õɣ书ߣֶıֹвͨġ
֮ʣԺſ棺ӣ˸δʶĹӣ˵Ҫ
򸮵ӼвʶݷãԼصؼδʶĸ֡
֣ܿ˳ʵǹӳʲôģ
˰죬ڣŻ£ÿǺÿýе䵭Ѱ˼ҡ
΢¶һĿЦݣȻ˿ܿȴǲ׽ˣͻȻؿڷƣ˵ʲôζ


 53 

½͢Сʱ
ʱ˫׾ڣܵ½֮УһĿ·ţ˳һʱĶγĶǣжǵʱĽ̶̼ʮ꣬ͻ˼ˣӽʷƺ󺺣󺺣ܣܣγǹ£Ǹ߸ߵĳǽʯ·
ڣųơʳʱ»Ϻзø桢ţ޷֮桱꾩ǣ˵Ҳһѡ
ڵ꾩ǰʱ䣬Źصúü磬ʹˣһ··Ҳϡ٣λڻ£ȲĹӱʮעĿ
̨ɽ֮ʱյ飬ϵҲܳȥ̻ض½͢нȻܸһߣ˶иԵΡ
صһ£侭˼ϵıʣ䲻˼ɥԼһβɡ̶ʮɱϣϵȴҪ˭ΣչԼĴǲжġ
ֻû½͢Ȼ
ǸƮƮڳ߽ʱԺз·һһҲȻʧɫ
һȪעļ䣬νãԼһһֽ˼
гֻ̣Ҳδָܵһ㣬½͢õʱ䣬Ҳһ¡
²մϢҲδ٣üĿԳ֣һ°ĵĮƴӸԺɢġ
һˣǧֻΪһ棬ܲ˶ݡ
пԶԵϾˮǰ÷ƣ֪͢ϲʲô
΢΢һЦĪ˴롣
Ͳɡ
߽ͥŲ£Ҳֳů⡣
ͱΪһ׮¡
δչĹأߡѿ͵ȵϵϣĹϸ己Ȼ˵ֻҪľԶڱȻζ
̼ڴյС¯･ճɺںɫ¯ˮСտ޳ˮעѷź²ɰպУϺǣˮҶڣ㽫ˮԵİ״ɱУŲԱɢڿ֮У봰ƬƬҺ죬ӳȤ
ȥ®ɽܿѾͷúܺãζɢժ
״ɫ䣬ȴֻĵ𪡣豭ѰĶȴˮʮĿ
޷ߣֶ˵ͬһҪ˸޷˫֣̺ʲô
ò衣
豭һᣬŨĴ漴ľ֮ɽ¶֮ζ辭綼ϴ½͢䵭üĿҲɸֳһ˿̾
һЦԱˮͰҨһȪˮˮĺУСš
̵鶼ˣ
½͢ףҲ£ֻǶɵ̨ɽҵӡ
üЩ¡̨ɽ
½͢˵һ飬յһЦķӦ֮УӹŻ˼
һ£ҪеӦĺ࣬Բ㣬ѧֻ֮ºٽһ㣬ܿһ䣬Ϊעţ½͢ת䡣Ǻιʣ
΢΢һԾȴǱԷһۿɰԿЦ˼δǣϴ΢У˵ѸԼġ
˲һȴûг鿪
Ӱھ쳣
΢ǰ㣬ڶһƬŵİͶ΢Ӱ
ȣӡ
շת䣬Ĳ㻹ڴݼƣؼǣסԷȱڻ˽ȥöԷɢ֮ʣһꡣ
߬ѡ
䵭庮ǰһȴĮ

 54 

½͢һ໰ˡ
ԸͬûϲĻȥһˡ
ཻһʱ򣬶׶Է˼
ֻǿ˼̣鲻ԽȥһЩԸο
δϼȴеʧˡ
ѹ˱ʱԺֵ︡ģǶԷƽ̸Ц̵ķɡ
ʤѩˮ㲻УҲĸ֡
һƽľʹҲ֮ȥ
羪κˣǧϡ
ƽ΢ģ˿ڼܵշת֮䣬Ҳù
һһʱӦƬ֮عȴȪе龰
ƣȪ֮䣬ףӣѹȪʯϵһ˲䣬Է
ס΢΢һûʱƿ
˵ѹʼֻظڴϣɶ֮ʣѳֱ룬Էģ£շת˱
˶Ȼ뵽ģһ׷½͢Ҳôҵһ档
ݳ̾ϢҲ漴ûڶԷĹ֮¡
飬Ҳ޷˵Լȥܾ
ȻϰͬΪԵǣ½͢һǧɢϢȴ򷴸С
ԭһŰĶ˲֪ʱѾ޼ֻ֮䣬˵ϰҪһ
ֺ˳£΢΢һְסԷļ硣
˿ľ֪ʲôζ˵Ǽٵģơ
еЦԷǣԼҲбᱡһ졣
̧ͷһ纮̶Ŀӳ
ڻ
֮𣬺αؼƽϡ
˴Զ˶Է˼̶̵ֻĽ½͢һʼ֮ʱжˡ
£ɵؽ⿪´ȵļ
ǻԭ
˵ֺ޳ָڷºļӣĥƽȴԴЩֲڡ
ѱ⴦δȴĴԴ⻬˽Ƥڿз·Ҳܵǹɺ⡣
½͢ע⵽΢ı仯Էһѱʯνβȥ
ͭ¯ɢɴʴ
İӣȻѬ㣬ֻܿϵģп϶Ѫ֮Ч⼸Բܰ˯ӸȼϰϢ㣬νɷѿġ
ֻǴʱ㣬ȴ·һĸо
Ժδ
Լǰˣһģֻ⵽ж
ܹ׽ҲܹҪһô
ͻȻ⣬ǰҲһӹ
ǿ϶ġ
ʱĪ˭ѣҪƴȴȥȣҲȥֻΪѵĵ壬ǡ
ͬһ㡣
վֿˡ
һһһ˫ˡ
ʱԼҲй룬ȴûϵȻ὿Ůӣ߳ˡ
հա΢΢ЦʵĪ⡣
½͢µƺԼӴ󣬴ؿһֱ£ֱĴ
һعΣǸλκ˶ỹܴ磬̧ȴԷԴЦϷʵ
šüӱԷ߬еֽһ漴ϡ
ĺڷɢڱ֮䣬㵫˫ü΢΢ţ̵飬֮İɫ
ȴŮӵƽŴݸµһ档
¥ۣˡ
ջ
˵ʲôоϰһ׾ķ˷֮ɵľ
ֲȫ
½͢ĥϸ룬ֱӸж
ཻڣµƤ·ҲȾһ㱡졣
˵ﲻ֪ʱѾеҡ
½͢жһԣԷľһҲֲ˭˭ġ
ᷢ
ʣͻȻޱȿ⣬¶Ҳɸ
ɴ֮У ζ
ƽճЦ˿һ㱡ķɫͷ΢΢߳ϸֻĲλ֮֡
˫òֻ˫֣һ߬ŶԷļͷһֳڱ֮ϡ
ˣȻǱ
Էͬһϡ䣬࣬ʱʱء
޹ģ̲סۣѹǼѿڶĴϢ
ѹ֣ ɫζ·Ũҡ
ˡ
̲סᴭ߬ŶԷתץס󣬺ˮԶͷıС
漴ϣδĻʧڵʹ֮
Ǹ
ȽȽԺС
ľڴɫء

β 

˿ڱУȴɢĳȥһ룬顣
ȥ
ͷһ˫۾΢΢ʪȴȾڡ
дһ˿δʵ ͼֳȡ
ζΣ½͢ͷȵĴ૳
ģֻѯʶԷĸܣƾֱһ·˾֪˶ĥᷢĵزⷴʧΪһ֮ľϲ
ԴصЦԲ֪ˡ
ʱϣɫ΢ɣȫƽյţȴһַ
סԷ½΢ʹ⧲˹˫޷ֻܽס齣һֻֻ½ƽļơ
½͢ʱ˾ν˶·ڸµ壬ȴ
ȻûѬ㣬ȴԡ󵭵ζ
˵ʵױû°˼仰ˣֻЩǿ͵ʱ͸һЩȻ˾ȲͣҲѹ֡
еܿùȣع𴽽ǣӿһЩȴϸϸġ沿ᣬͬԴһı
Էе䲻֪ʲôʱѾɢȡ֮ĪĲȣʤһԡ
ļѴϴ͵ʹϢ˱ۣԭѾеַΧֽ궯ָ ŪŴ˿̼Ӳ£ȫ˼£ȻһһţȾϰֵʪ⡣
ŵ貵յ㣬ӭصļž
֮󣬼
ֻɢ뽻ԧ
һһ£һһ䵭ʱĶˣֲ˼Ǣ
ͣϢƬ̣ӶԷľ紦̧ͷִ˾һĳ
ᷢ½͢ż ֮ɳơ
ͬġһЦڡ
ĺɫ١
ҡҷӰ߲ңңĴԺĴһƬž
ֻƽ⣬˿õɫģ磬طĸɫɵУţڷߣ磬ʳָ󶯡
˼½͢ˣҲɵһ
ǰ˼ˣ³ģƽҲԲЦִõҧһڣŨŴڼݼռõȴδȥʱ¹ԣͷϷȴ½͢ġгˡ
½͢ȴһ˿ֻʣܻ׺żӣңųּ࣬˿ѿ㹽ڣȴ͸ζ
˲˵Ʒһķ˼ʳԶԶȮͣ˿ǱȤ⡣
һҹߣ峿񾹱֮ǰնҪ࣬Լȥ֮㲻ɢȥϣҲ˵ĵɢࡣ
½꣬͢˱жġ
Ǽõģ½ֺ͢ٽ˼书֮棬Ȼ²֮ȴɺԷϲ
ܿŶ룬ıһĻ
ӣݳҵӡƻѵõϲ½͢ΪãҲԼȥܡ
źʮ־ҲдòԾֻݣʲôϢ
дüԣ̱ܿ꣬ɨһۣа̾Ϣ
̲ܿס̽ͷȥֻͳһ仰
ĳԲ¥³帰Ȫɽһᣬۡ
 ա


 55 

ҹûһ˿⡣
ǽӸһӰҶ֦ĽУ·Ŀֲ
˾ʺϵıɱ˷Ż͵
ǽϤ죬һӰǽͷֻ֣淭ǽⷭ
һԾûзӰýǽСܣӣ˿
һҹ˾Ľֵϣո˵󣬲ȫ޾£мֺ棬ͣضֻϧΧĵʹȣĽֵϿһĶ֪ȥˡ
ǰһΣԶԶһ·ĵطӿŲ߹ȥڣԭһСӡ
ǳʱʱʱһܿϴ緹С̲Ǳȳ˿ЩżҲЩ·ůůӡƽʱ˯ǲîʱȻ֪˿̻ģϲ⣬ǰСȥ
λ׷ԲԵ˼ң鶯ȴ壬ȻƽģζӽĶƮ˳ûˮ
߽һԭŴģ滹˺桢̶ӣѹ硣
̧ͷߵģæк¡
λСࣿ
ã鷳˼ˡֵסζջڨڨ£ӹڵ룬Сһڡ
㣡
ǾͶԵ㣡ЦǺǵģŴ磬ڵСĪǳǷȥûڴ˼
еԾôûңС⾣ݳﰡ
ҡҡͷһƶҵ̯һǴӳʱîʱʮˣȷʵûڴ˵㡣
ɫ΢ɫ̫ڿƽգîʱԼֻ»ûӱ
һҲʱѾˣٹһᣬϾͿʼ߶ʱҪ˷Լ϶ַ졣
һæڽ£ͷ˸ǣҴˡ
뾣ķ֮ǱǱǵķԴأǬʱ͢Ǳأ·긮ܿΪˮĶۼ˴˿ڣö֮䷱̶Ҳھˡ
Ӵ˵ȥǱҪһ·̣ҹæӼңֻЩǮûǣƥ֮ģ˳ſ·ۣܿ°ǦƵġ
º׷ҶͣһʼṦɱãŲ߰ܣһֱʱһʱ׷˲ͣؿѾòУ˿̾ǺŰѵ߹ֻҲŲˡ
Ҷһ·ϲٵߣ֮ҲͲ٣Ҳ߲ʱǰһԶԶܿŸ͹˿鲼дŴġ衱֡
ʲôоú¶ᵽˣ˵߹ȥһƨһſϣ˰ȲŻ
СֻмΣһСæҪ裬ȣĿԶδ˹á
˼֮ʣһΪǼ˷Լ߶ˣ׷ٶһŷֲǣȴǸŮӣһɫϽƮ裬ɷǺÿֻעȴŮӿ µ
һǺһԼ飬޲ƥȥʱ˼ҵȻơ
Ůע⵽ߣȴΪͼһִ޳
۾ڿʲô
ٱҲβĽ࣬һˣȴʹŲ۾
Ůɫףȴֲ̬Ĳ԰ףǴ۰ףòǲ˵ˣһ´ϣֱһ㡣
ֻ˿ü΢Ȼ鲻ôʹ졣
æȭ񡣡ﰲãðֻǿ񿥵úܣɶ࿴˼ۡ
ƽڼУƤ𷣣Ҳװװ޹øʱԼ˲ԥӦĹϾ¶ˡ
Ůһۣ̬Уȷʵûð֮⣬ټ϶ԷԼİвȥ˼֣΢΢һߵʶҵ˺ô˼ŪģȻǺ
ԣֶŮкøУ±ͬûһһѣȴ˾ÿɰ
Ůƽٰ꣬ټ𣬱һȻĪɢ˲٣ԼҲ֡
ιʲô֣
԰죬ԼϹһѣûбϼţæ˵³Ծݳҡ
˵ĸֵʱҲ΢΢ŲԾĽԼкøеǰٰܻչԼõһ档
ŮŶһû׷ʣûͷͻȻԼԴ常󣬾ʹǰ飬ԴȻŮǲΪԼ
ҽзǶŮҲ֣δֲһ䣬ҵǿ콣봺ɽ
һ봺ɽģ˵˽Ҳ裬ȴû뵽и˱µŮ
˶ûʲôҲҺǱ˴ˣ仰ͰԼ͸¶ʮ֮˾ţǸڴ˱Ҫ̾ԼûڶŮǰ߽ľ顣
һ£ȻԽ˵ԽͶǶȥ
ЦһԼʲôȥԴ츸¥ԼսԽԽ£ĸֻصСĸޣ벻õķȥֹշգģѵ˺üΣȴ
˵Ҳûʲôģƣҹҳߣһ飬˵Լȥ¥ԸԼ֮һսҲΪϧ
ǰ䲻٣ȴȥ֮֮֮飬ԷҲպôøһС֣ʱȻ֮ΪߣȻҲĴѰңʱ˾սڣȻͽԴϲ
ãã֪¥ںη˳Ų֪Լ뷨еʧߣѳңΨֻ֮һ·£˳³Ҳ硣
֪Ƕ꣬ɫ䣬溮˵
ɲʲôˡ

 56 

Դһγԣ
ǶЦһǰ˵һ顣
ԭһֱڣ򸽽ȴˣҲûˣֱɳʦ֪˷֮ļڣһ¥ڵʬͻռҵģռֽجĸ֪ң֮ȡԼ
շҶ¶ŮǶ֮У֮׮°ٰ㲻Ըƽܾ谮Ҳ޷ø׸ı⣬ΥѵŵԣΪжӡûõȥ棬˴һʼͽӣǶϷŪһ·ЩĪ㺣ʱѾ̫иµ׮Լȴû뵽˱䡣
ڵΣռңҲòԾߣܵռѯʵʱϸڣ֪ʬͻռҵȥˣ¥ڵĸ˵ʲôϵһҲ͸¶÷ǶڵйϵƺҲ¥в֮¡
ڱ𣬵Ƿ봺ɽȴǾŮֵģƾһˣֺ֤ȥҶԷ
֮£ǶֻĴɢģȴ˳
ȥЩĿɿڴСͺ뿪ţڸĸıӻ֮³󣬺»˸ӵģͻѶϢԴͬһ㣬˺þãګګαӣȥ𣿡
ȻûãǶҲ룬ѿڶ漴üͷɵǵ书Ķ֣ҲһôûãܴһʿڳĻᣬαӵĿҲأǶ˵ֻЦѣüĿ֮䣬ֳʮ
ϸϸ˴죬Ҳ˵ҺԼǶпܱŪɳ׾
ҪȥǶ֪¥ڣ۷ؼʳֻб³
ӿʣǶԣ˴һ𣬱ǰź߶ЩĽ֮⣬֮УѾԷǶհˡ
ǶԴüãͻȻ۾һóֿһ
ˣһ·ϣ˵㷢¼˵Ϊ׺ŲСɵ飬Ӣǰ̴ƣ˵Ҫѡͳ˧ȺأҲȥ֣һԴ¥ټ˵ȥǾһˣ
С˵ģСӣһ绨䣬ԴԴϵشǸԺصð
ڹٵߣٶȲ죬ǰϳҲУųۣﻹŸβͲݡ
ȴõúʣᣬһ˿棬һһ飬һִֻϥϣЦ΢΢Աߵ˵һЩطķ׼š
Աòȴãֻӱ䣬˿ȴúרעʱʱؽ䡣
ȽŲ㣬޷½͢ҲܵߣһڳڣҲ˿Ȳ㡣
ʱ³磬ŸϹȥ˲һ·УûκĿԡ
ҵˣʲôڵµʱǵĶԹʵѾաҲ֪ҵ˱ػὫϵΪҵܴ裬ҶԹޣֻڽƺʵһǧɣʱûˣڳҶԼսȴе׽͸ˡ
עһΪǽսﵽʲôĿģ
һ֣Եú޴
Ϊʮϱȴʾҵκһ˶ŹǵĽǶȿҲԼˣȻɣ⡣
֪еΣǶԷӣǱģΪԷǹս͸½Լսһ
һɱˣЩʱ鲢Ƶģ˵һеԴͷֻԵһԹ޳ŮӴȥһơ
ӦǾ仰ڽɼ
ǷΪˣĴȴǷ񶨵ġʮȻʹ಻Բ佻ϴһȺˣһЩѣһ½͢
ɷڴˡ
ӡ
һ˲΢΢ĺۼô
ûʲôһЦɻᴵ
ᡣ½͢شüɴ࣬İֻ书
ϧˣ뵽һ׼õӣֻҲ٣ҲЦӣġ
׺һЦʤֺηԽ쳾ཿⱲȻ޷ߣҲźˡ
üĻȾԵˣ½͢סļͷʲôҲû˵˴ĬϬȴˡ
⴫ٵӣǰиСӣЪЪŰɣӶ
·ЪϢҪʮа˾Ŷġ
ҡҡͷͯĸΡ㡣

 57 

ʱֵ£ҰһƬ̲ããƵͣǹٵԱߣʹ˸ӣЩͲٷϼΣ˲࣬ԶԶȥСĸƮмȤ
úãû뵽ĽҰҲֵطһǱѾΣ½͢ȥ
߽ŷʵ˲٣ӣˡ
һŸģˣɫ֣۾棬Ŷֹ
һһһŮȴڴǮ̺ʦá
һˣͬŮŮϳһ̺ۣ۽ббұǣԭòҲֻһѣǰһԶҷˮ̣еû̺ۣȴɷֻһƳ˲Աߣ֧Ļȣʮ
һ˵ӣˣһŵ۵ˣųӣ곤Զ׼˵ĳ˸аѽϣ˵ĽȴҪκܶࡣ
ЩгǸһ֪иͬ㣬ǱǽΪˡ
ĽҰ֮Ȼۼ֮ĽˣνǷƼʻһ
ɨһۣ½͢ȴÿ˾ǿµһ¡
Ǹ˼ңŮһСпˣ߰СŮܹɵذæһˮ߹ݸ
ͷϷƵĴһǹġ
СŮ˿ӵػ游һۣ˵һлл˱㺦ߵܻ游š
ֻǸС
µʱǮ̺һ۾ϳǾԼڴʦóԱǼˣʵΪܣʦھǴνѵ֮ƽ࣬ȻҲԣȴٶݽˣ˹ͷ΢Ц⡣ȻҲϵǣȴ΢΢еΣ㽫ͷƲһװδ
϶ûд½͢ϵжϲݣһʫ鴫ҵӵܳ˿һۣ㲻ٶע⡣
һʿ˵һ̸۹˷飬󣬵Ҳô˶С
ʦ壬˵ĽˣжǰǸ·˿ɷȴеĸü֮βסԶŵ˷ܡ
׺ӽأ̲˼СɣʵСһ׺ĲֹֻǱ˳ԭҲҪΣӣȥˣӦòĻһΧ˶̲ס
ô˵ǶҲȥˣͬһͻȻʵȴʦܳЦ
ʦֵĺʦ˰ɣ
ٺ˵˵ʲôҵģ˵£˸漴ݺһ۵ɻȥ
νɣҲ˶ѡԱһһƮƮߣȴĴ󺺷ģͬŮ˵˭֪Եһ
˳ɫ߳أǺӣ˵ʲôأ
ڵʱǼĳƺˣ˳ףװʦ£Ȼưͬˣݵ˰ʦŲԴǡ
ŮͿ˳ۣģϴһɱ֮аħУҲȥ˵ģͬ·ǽԼۣ
ڶԷƣȴǽѵһٵĺʱ
ڵĴЦһ˵أҲô
˴ŭץϲ豭϶ȥ豭עʮȥƼ죬ķ
ֻ˷ɿԱߵȣֽ豭ԭ·˻ȥ豭̺ȥעԼ
һԱץסֱԱһϣպͷһ豭ĶʿɹȴǳŲԶ˵Ůȥ
СŮ㶿ЮĲ豭Լֱֱɹȴ֪Ŵ˻ǷӦһ豭ȥֻ´ԿҲпܵġ
һзѸ磬˼ȥȣҲˣҲ̲סתͷȥ̿һĲҿ
˵ʱʱ죬·п鶫˳ȥǡôڲ豭ϣ˵һ죬豭ڵأɼƬһǴ豭£Ȼһöӡ

 58 

ӲƫУǡôڲ豭ҲͰˣȡĲɾܹò豭ѣһֱ䵽ϲɼƬİգͲѰˡ
ڳ˽豭˴ҪȴԱߵ˰סڴȴΧ˹ֵ֪λ˳֣ܷһ
û˻ش
󺺻һۣӵķ򣬾Ǵһģʣµıֻ
Ǯ̺Ƕˣһ֪£еȶѡ
ˣȣһǱʫȻûпһĻ
һһзϵģһĮģһͯģпܵġ
վֵСֶ۲ʶ̩ɽײ˸£δ֪ǷϺ¿ࣿ
һԾ
οˣ𽭺Ŀʮ֮ǰʱ½ֻ͢ʮ꣬ձչأڸԶĴʽɽׯׯҲĬĬƶύȨ󡣸ɣǰˣϣδһʱţڴ˿̣˸ˣֽкοࡣ
ʮǰֻ֣ʮͭ󣬰ַľմʦƮȻȥҲȴľմʦ˵ѣ׿ڳϲУŴ֣䶯¡
һҹ֮䣬֪Ӻδǧʯʳڵʱ֮͢ǰƺӷĶֵһʱ֮˵Ϊɡ
Ǻο౻СԵ¼УȴԶԶֹ׮ƩһŮӣƮ䣬˵ĹĹ
ǰοԶ򣬴Ӵţ˵λ֪¥Ҫҵ䣬֪ΪֳʽףԺҲû˼οټ
˼ʶ㣬װдݣˣڴ󺺵һˣǺڵϺպ˫ɷʤ뽯򸾡
ʤба̺۵ŮӣȴǸղŴز豭Ĵ󺺣һһᣬԱȴõתʶ˳˫ɷ
ͬԼһݲˣ븧ݳмʮĽ⣬һСȻۼ֮Ľˣи֣νԻ
̧ͷֵЦһ¡Ǻο࣬ղŴ豭Ŀɲң˵ָָһ
˴һǣڴվοһʩһ۷λ֣Թ޳𣬴죬һߣСӵĹϸ𣬻ݲҪ֡
ڿڵǵĶԹ£ˣȴ޹λҪ򣬿Զ򣬲Ҫ꼰á
˰ס˰಻סӣһĪģ¹ܵõͦ
һ˵꣬һöƿնײ羮ѨϣʱãҲûˡ
΢΢һЦ˱ض֮شûҪίڶȥա
־ŭŤȴ˵ԱѨȴôԶⲻɫҲºα̫Сֶ֪£Ҵǡ
һЦһ¡Ŵɣ˵ƸһȣԼȡ֣˵̫ǳ˼ʶˣ
ɫڵͬī֭ڳˣĸǵģԸҲ֮䣬ټĪİӣȫûʤˡ
ͬһȻǺܶ࣬ȻҲǾŭӣְʣȴʼûпڡ
յˣºλ壬ԸµʦֶǸ¿Ѩ˰ҧ˵ùǫȴѾ⣬ˣϻǵˮ©
ԭ㵴ܣǰŲһҲ֪ԷݣȴҪ˵
ҪǸĲңǸղŲ㱻˵Сͽϣ֮ҡҡͷûǶָһ˵Ѩ
λǿЦ֮ᣬлºδմ
ԷشһԵĺοȴͻȻҪĻˣ¥¥书ֻˣҲʮС
¥
λɫһ䣬Ҫòԭ¥ĳ飬£һ
˵ն²ǮץԱ˵ֱ۾Ͱߵúܿ죬Ƭ̱ʧҰ֮С
Ҳվл¥ΧҲиˡȻλˣҲֲȥã֣֪֮ͻȥһһļսǲʶ̧ٵˣȻҪлġ
¥Ȼ紫˵һ˫ȲУԱǸˣƺҲ򵥡ĿҴһƳģӡ
Ҳһ̬ȺưøСֲض롣
Ϸߺ󣬲ʣºοࡢǮ̺һĻǮ̺μʦסʦò£ȴҲûһϷ˿Σѹֵ֪οݣԸˡ
οҲûҪߵ˼Ӳͺľͷסˣ½͢һЦɽв˳Ȼ٣λǱ̽˰ɡ

 59 

οͲʮͷűձɹĺۼڵķɫڲסòҲϲЦЦȴȻͬοЦʱַѵţЦʱһĸо
½ڴͬʱҲһ顣
书Լ֮¡
Ǳ˴˵Ĺ۸С
οδ֪½͢ϲ൱Ķ֣䵭ɫ֮£˼ֵ̽ĸо
˲·רǵġ
ʱοѯ½͢ұ½͢
ڣɫڿҰ֮Ʈʱȴһ˸߽࣬ηݷ
Ȼǰ¥һԱߣȻҲѷɫòв磬ȴȻ˾Ͷ㣬⣬Ҳ˷ɶˡ
οа̾Լڴ˻һˣȴһ֮£ʧ¡
˿λҪȥ˵ģЦеģ̽ĺۼ
֪д£˵ˣȻ£ǱǰȥҲ޷Ҳ΢΢һЦû˼
λ˶ˣȻͲ̫ʹ죬¥ңڣαҲȥأοһЦһڣ۾ȴԷ
С࣬Ҳһһ𣬴˷֣ȴƴпͷˡ
һһ֮޻ȴ⣬һǮ̺Ҳ֪ڴʲôա
οͷ²룬ȴüһҲȥԼǰĲ룬ĴָסڣָףɫڰջһطϣһѰĶʮȻǮ̺Ϳеˡ
οЦһ𣬴ӻͳöǮڸϡ
ˣǱڰɡ
һ·ȥһ߸ʫʿ֮ɱ¶ɣȴ˷С
Զغ𣺡ҲǮôôࣿ
ЦӵǮ
Ǵ棺ʲôӣ
ߴˣ֮⣬ʳָǰһֻö˶һʱ仯촷ۣؿĿɿڴ
ӣο࣬ʲô⣿ҲԶԷʵеԾԭ¼书һˣԼӣ½ˣͻȻðһο࣬
½͢ˣȻܿ
ͷȻˣôȥ
̣Ǯ̺ʦȴͬСټλӶûʾȷӦǶһ࣬Ǯ̺£ҲĵȻ죬ʱʱŵۣԴһ·ڴ˽ѵ鷴࣬һ·Ҳûεһ·Уܿ˸ݳǡ
ĴӪνȴڳڣڳʮ֮һСɽϣݱϾйٸ򣬼ǹϵã˶ʿһҲѱʲô¶ˣɽΧԲﶼǲݵأҰʡȥ鷳
֮£˵ȴ죬ǲ뾪ɽͷУڳһջţʱμӽ˵࣬ݿջԵΪջϰ⼸춼ʹŵĸожȹΪǮֳ龭ʹΪۣһԲϾȭ򣬿ջֶǳе¡
Ǯ̺͸ظҪһͷؽ˷ͽһŵԶ㲻ӰջǮ̺͵ҲİȫԼȥд㣬һаٺ֮󣬱˷ţ᷿ȥ
츳һֱ֮ˣ书Ҳһ㣬ȻйأʦŵĻҲ벻ϵ׻˵ʦͽûһġǮ̺һֱʮ־ԼʦҲԼ书پһЩ벻ûȺ֮кһֱŷ֣Լʮ꣬Ҳﲻ˵ľ硣
ûϣԼ书һֱԭ̤Ǯ̺ȥָԼ书۶Էϲϣ׷ûź
סջҲܶ࣬ǽˣ¥һֱ޷˭ҫԼľ˭ڽʲôʣ¥Եð٣˷ԶǮ̺ߵſڣҪţȴĪһӣ֪οڡ
棿
Ǯ̺ͳ˿ЦԼ衣¥ңǮ̺͡
Եȡ
洫һ죬ˮﶶԼôôʱ˼ֻԡˣɫ΢졣
㣬Ǯ̺Դͬ·ûйҲ˼ˣǲƵᡣ
һˣѹûпڵ
Žȥϣϴ˼ɫͷδɣˮ˳ɢǰͷǰȾʪһƬԵüɢ⡣
Ǯ̺ʹδģǰʱ򣬷·ŵڵζٿˣȴͷĵšͷ۾ţëܳȴĵ÷ɫ𪡣
ͻȻеȣæƿߣȭ񡣡¥߶ˣ㲻㣬ң
Цûʲô㣬£
е㲻˼һ˵ꡣ¥㣬ɷָҵ书
ΪԷ˵ȿһ£˼Ƭ̣ͷճ𣬿ջ֣㽫ԼѧĽһ顣
Ǯ̺ʹϲҾл¥
Դһ·˽ԼʦʱѣҲһݣȴǱģֻǶͬŵ֮顣һˣȻһѡ
˵ţһ߳ȣȴǴһ¥ģ˺Ϥء
ſң

 60 

Ǯ̺ʹ󾪣˲˵¥¸ȥһ᷿ܿ¥顣
صһץסϸֳ߷ߵı飬ȴȻѲֻܴסȴЦݡ
ˣͽӣ
СӺαܻСǼòһ׷ѡᱡЦʵ෴棬һһ۷֣ǰһĻҲԵŮӡ
ΪΧվ߰˸ˣϾ֣ʱЦȻһģ˶ڣҿ书ͣΧҲһʱ˸ǿͷ
ȻԣȴûȻҲ벻ʲôˣֻܷȥŵͽӣȴƺΪ£¶ǡ
ס֣Ǯ̺;ŭӣһԾ£ץȥ
Цһһ࣬ر㻻˸λãȴץ˼ҵ󲻷ţۼһƹȥĿԼʦãǮ̺ʹһƲɣȴԼ˺ü˺Ц
ֻ޹ģһѪӿæؿڵĶģ˵ʦԩ޳𣬸ºαΪѣе֮һȥʦţԵǡ
бЦʦʲôˣ
ʦҶƮơڵԼ书ԷʦûڶԷò
˭֪Է٬һЦϤȴ֪ĸɵġ˸ĬĬСɷȥʦ˵Сòҿˣͷ׼ƸȢΪ檣ʦ׼ױɡ
ԣһЦҧ´ȡ֮Ȼ⣬Ǯ̺̲ס߬ճȭսĵܾȳʦãҲûȥʦˣڴʯٰա
ôţбֳȻɫľƽվţ⳰뼥Цƣϸ۲ŶԷһһ
Ӳ֪תͬھͷأץصһֻȥգһ·һƷԼĻһסȴᱡˣΪԼתΪԼͻƷ硣
ֻ죬ȴ總֮ɸ֮ɢ
Ȼһɺĵ׸书δ˿µĶ֣ԼûܿԷʲôģ
һǼ˷ӦԼͬк˴ǹ˵ĺнѿҲ˲ץأһԱվãŷԼͷѾһ亹
Ǯ̺ͼһӱתɴϲǰȥקϵؽԱ£žһʯͷ˵أתͷ龰
ʱջ޲߼еǼϡ
Χмһˣɫ䵭Ǯ̺һ۾ϳ½͢
˿̵½ָ͢Ŷ۾ȴһ۵ӣһԡ
˱е㷢ȴЦǺˣµ
˵λӣʹˣԷؾ̨ˡһЦ¥ϴ̧ͷһֻһ¹ϣЦһӣͷɢţʪ⣬δڣȴڷ˿
˼ϳ۽һЦӯӯѵԭ֮أʶĳˡ˵仹˳ղҵ¹ڡ
òˣһ棬ǺˣЦֲԶǧظĪҲΪ˵ˣ
Զԭ֣Ҳ಻ԭʿȻһ˵ϣü֮ԱѪͳ
ж֪֮٣ʱһƣɶϿȥԴ⡣
Ҳȥµ۹⣬ֻգգۣǹ᲻ˣ޹أֻ˵ԭ˶࣬绨񣬲һ񲻿ϧ˵ţһɨأЦݼ
أŮӸ󵨣·ϣҸŮҲԸߣ־Ȼԭ񷨣ҲпԭһһЩЦ֮⣬޷˵ҰҲ
εȴ֮ôףֻãȻҲɫԹһЦǣĳˣȻ񷨾Ժе֮ҲֻΪˡ˵ؿһۣĿ½͢ߡ
ͬеˣвֲò㬵ؽ߳ջ
½͢ȥû׷ȥ˼ת˶¥᷿
Ǯ̺ߣҲظ¥
ŰεĿջֿʼƱ̸Ц˷糣ʲôҲûһ
֮У飬ÿ춼ݣֻ⼸˵ݣΪŵı˲̸ʡ
Ǯ̺ͽذٺãָο˰Σȥķ䡣
֮£ʵǶлλˡݵʱ½͢ڸ٣һ£ֱŻع֣صл
Цϣǳġ
Ǯ̺һ㶣յʵ̫ˣѾҪʲôӦ
ٿ½͢ϵĶ½ӣȥʲôˣ
½͢һЩġδͣеͷ̶ס
ٴ棬½͢˾ȻҲϲԵģЦҲҳһɡ½͢ûзԣȥǰֽȿĶɵ͵һѽⲻǹϲĹ𻨸½ǳȥģ
䵭׽½͢书Ī½͢վСǰͭ𻨸ģ
һԵǮ̺Ѿʯˡ
ˣȻǲԳ۶ϵġ
˿ջɫ㲻̫ÿûз֣أԲӬƵ߶߶
ӣʦƣɲǵආ׳˵ɽ֮һĹˣùĿ
ɽǸԼţ˸ʦԵʻ֮¾һΪֵܣǴʱİ˸ˣǺְʦ£òģ֮ڣ޴СҪɵķԸ
ٿȻͣ½ŲתȥϺЦ⣬һȥʮˣù˵ʱûġ
ǾһϣҲǸ˵Ķ֣ΪǺʬ
˺ܲҲУҲûʦɣ
ǿ˵ٸ⼸һԼҲŽ͡ղ֪شұ֣ѵ֮һ𣿡
ЦһҲµûѾǸǰĺοϵһˡ
ӣ˵Ƕ¥˵Ǹˣղ˵¶ܿɡ˵˽ǧ˳Сɱ񣬼ṦȴһǧﱾûûգǸСͷؤԵɺϵʦѧһµṦҲӹŸֽǧ˼ǧ֮У練ơ
ǣתߣ΢û֪ʲô

 61 

תۼ֮ûʲô鷳
ؾ˱ʣҲףԼҲǸʦõڶʦʦӻСʦãڹܶĽУ˭Ҳ޷ϦסԼ
ⲻܲ˵һοĳɳ
ٲ£ԵСڽΪһͤͤ޶˵ŮǼѵģԼ˵һɱ䡣
ҹʦ֣һпվȥָ书ҲоǮ̺͸ϲ֬۵ζǽ˼Լŵ书ϡ
Ǯ̺ͶСʦãһֱ۰мӣƤҲͷԣСڳˣٱŶ㺲ţӦø˲ǣΪʲôоȻʧĸо
Ǯ̺ĬĬؿЦšëͻȻƿһͷһȴء
ʦã˵ٻˣҪţҪǡеջǰԣԼôʧġ
Ҫԡô죿ʦ֣⻰㶼˵һٱˣĲͷػӻ֣߹קߡ߰ɣ¥Ѿˡ
ô?Ǯ̺е㾪ȣ漴ΣקҰëûŽأ
⣬½͢ǡ
ջʮа˾ŵĿˣǳȥģһ˾ߵòˣ˵ġ
΢ЦʦõˣȻԼֱӾʱ⣬оƴδйǵ¡
ݳʮб£ϡϡӲݣûߵľȴ˳ҰѵĿյء
ٶ̾Ҳ࣬ѡôһطҲа
ĶЦ룬ûˣ
һԵǮ̺˴ԣҲʼڤ˼룬ȴ벻ﻹʲôѰ಻סӣӣͱˣ˵ɣ
ҡҡӣЦȴ½͢ҩ
˳һٵͺܰɣ⣬˭ȥ¡
СᷢҲٶ˵Ͼֻǵһֲ²⣬ûбҪġʵĻҩָףװϻҩ氲ţĿԶŵĳ̣ڱκھھϣ֪ĴҲƵĶԽ˻뵽ʹôΪ档
бԶ˰ιҲԸǰǸͷԶԶΧӣ£һλá
֣½֣ԵˡһһϮһȣʣĿڣǺοࡣ
Ȼ˸λӣĳͲˡҲ˷ԣһ
ٵۡô˲֪ôû£ôλô
λ࣬û֪кȤԣҹܿܿˣֻλҳƵǷ绪˫οЦеģһҲΪ⣬Ųߡ
ٷ˷ۡҼҹӲŲᲢۡ
١ֹתοЦ˴Ҳǿġ
¥Ȼ塣ο̾һָһߣʾȲм
ɽΪ˷ˣȻףͿ½ˣÿ߹ʱűŸɹȥѵ˲סŲæ÷ֲֻԶԶǸһЦ
˺ܶ࣬ɽԼһеٮٮߣһΪʶ߲׺̲һЩСɣӶ⣬ƻϱ΢ƽ⣬Ҳַܶ˵棬ԶɽһӦȴΪ£ܿƣˣԣǹƥ׺ŶţȻס
Աߵ䵱ɵĵˣǡϪʦʦ֣򵱳Ϫ䵱µԵʣҲʶǰѣҲԶԶ棬Ϊ͵
¥λΪβǰȥԸµĵλȻᱻΪϱοеƵҡţЦݾµĴһ͡
پʵںᣬ˵ƤЦⲻЦЦڨﻰⶼ͸һζǰ棬ôһⲻΪչô
̿һЦ˳ǱЦҡҡͷٵԴ½͢˫ҲȾЩЦ⡣
οȻʧЦҲŭݡ
˵䣬Ǳһһɽʱˣվһ£λԶʵڲʤм֮ᣬλҲ֪Ϊ˲׺ŵ顣˽˵˵׺ʵ̧洴ͬĶ֧֣нգҲֻųذˣڷԡ
˵ɽЦһ£ҲԷƱʵϴҶ֪׺ӵ˻ƺԱĸʡ֣ˣˮ½·ǵˣǽѲڴˣһЩСͳΪ׺ųưԭֵĵʯԣϣܽ˴νˣλһó³ѡһλͬ׺ŵ֡
ⷬ˵鲢ïǰʱӦҪϲ֪ɼĥһڶʱѸٳɳġ
ɽ±죬һڷվǣ¹ؽƽ⣬Եȫ֧֣ѡǶ˳ѡ
˵˹棬øУͬˣ֮ǰڲλ弸
˵һ仰ɵ룬˻ŸԵ˼׷׸Ļ
˵롣
֪οǣ
ѡ˶ǵ¸ܷ֮ڣ
ۼ۷׷ףɽ̧ƣԴÿ˵Ķ䡣λ룬ĳҲѿǵˣôһһ˵ѡδʱλҼȷˣԵи
һϯ˶ĸʲôǷۣ֮ΪˣѡλãܳΪȺ֮ףĻᣬȻ˶뵱书ƽƽֻûȥҲòȡ
ĳĸ޷ĳڴש˵λѡλ鶨ûˣɳһλӣɽģ֪λΪΣ
Ǹ˷ʱİ취
¹شμӽ˵ģг֮㣬СɣҲϲ˵ڳֶѡµĳ档
˵ͷơ
ɽ˿ڲ裬ĳĵһλѡ䵱ɵ

 62 

䵱ŵ䵱żδϣԱӦ֮λĵﲻٴɫף˶ģϡ书ڽһȷʵϵ¸֮ɽһ飬Ҳû˷ԡ
ʦѸߣбλ޵˼⣬ֻ䵱޷Ӧˡ˵ǷǺѵ䵱ˣӱ˵Ӧʦܡ
ϴμ棬ҿľкãͻȻбλ֮⣿ɽ΢΢һ㵡
ǵ̾˿ԴϴαʣʦֵһղһգѡѾҲǱıչˡ
˵һ£СͿ󣬽Ѫȫעϵ˵ܲһصĴ
ɽͷҲ̾Ϣһԭˣǲ֪εǹλ
˻׵δŵϪ
ɽһʣ˵֣ˣڳҲʶȻ䵱ܣʹ˱
Ǹɽż꣬ɽڰ䵱ǽ֮󣬾ȻΪΪεѡҲһָԵ˰ɡ
Ȼڴˣôĳðһˣľʦլʺ񣬼ʶ㣬ΪʣΪʵٺʲ
ľڽԵã书ͳҲûпڸĵط鵹Ҳʡ
ӷ𣬶лλͬҰף޶ֻµΡľнյڳֻһ˵ܣδɽеҲסˡ
䵱ɾܾҲͰˣɽû飬ľΪΨһһڽгֵˣ书ϣԷڡ
ʦαǫ֮λ顣
ľʦ书˽֪ΪǶԸ׺ţ־ɳǡ
Ƿ֮ˣ书ϻܰæһͳȺȴȴһˣ֮ѡ
ɽζӳ£֪ԼǳûпܵγﻮҲǳ˽ģֻ䵱ֽܾͻȻǸ׻廹ϲڴˣֻ¸飬ѾĪˣԼǿһʱ㱣ûϻ
˴󶼲죬ľв뵱ȴ˵Ƽһˣǹȣ⣿νˣȻڶ̸࣬ķҲ䵱ѣﶡڣҲһ
ľпɫһ˾ţƼǱˣҲ¥¥
ɽԿЦľûʶ֮书λ¥Ȼ֮λǱˣ䣬ֻµ֣ƮȻȥο߻и½͢ҪµһֻҲûȤ
ǱľеĻһ˭Ҳû뵽¥ȻҲ˲ˣɾĿܶ˶ûʶֻںѡ
ȴԭ˵䵱Ҳվ˸ף¥ܳ䵱Ҳصȫ֧֡
۷׷ף֪䵱ɺͻȻ¥ʾãһְ¥ʵȴ֪䵱ɵδţйôһԨԴ
ϣԵҫۣ˼Ҳ£ȴģǷȣΧۣԼЩ죬Ľݷ򼵺޵Ŀ⣬˶Ԩɽ
ݵˣֻֻһˡ
ˣԱߡ
尵ҧΪ䵱ֽﶡɽԷڣ֮λջںϣ˭֪·ɱ¥
·ֵģĪ˵֮λµһҲûʲôȤľһϯ˽㶼Լϣſھܾ
ʱȴиڳ𣬼ޱȣŮ֮ڡ
ⱰСˣôʸ
Դ󾪣׷׳ԴȥֻһŮվɫ˵仰ִԱקһˣϳǸקˣɾⲻǳҵĹô
Ǻվôˣȥһ룬ֻ䱻Ůקţ̿ˮûʸұҪλͬǰҴĿ
ɫһƵ壬ֻһͨкһ˿
һ½͢￴Ŀ⻺ɨݹڳˣҲֻһѡ
Ǯ̺أԵɴ۾뿴˾Ҫ˵ʲôһ߷ߣԣֻȥɨˡ
ֻĪĺο࣬ЦζŨ·ڿһϷⳡϷĽ㣬Ȥ֮һ

 63 

Ļһеˮóڣ˭Ҳ뵽һ꾹Ҷ¥˵Ļ˲ԼʣԸһԿϷ
ľлλСʩĪŪˣּͽᣬ¥ȹĵȼˣѡҲδ¥׿϶ģ¥
ֹתͷȴԱ߷Ƕɫ·һӱµմĶڣǱģ常ϣҲΪ޹Լս飬Ż£
ܽƽΩڿҰлص
ɽüڳ׼˵һʱ常Ǽϣˡ¥常ʱԵɵġ
һ㵣Ǻɫ΢£΢Щ
Ҳ㸸ײûи㣬常ɱ¥ˣ¥ŻԼս
ܡ촽΢΢ضУŵ常ȸ׻Ҫ㣬ǳеϣҴϸλõһˣˣ¥óҵλһǧɣҲøһֱڻ˼Ż֪пܲҲҪԼս
ǵ꣬ΪҪս֪Ҳû˸˵ڸ׵ĺǣȴΪԲ常ûȥɹСʱ۰Ǻ«Ͻȥ常ԼĿУһĴڡ
ڣƮƮһ仰ˡţҲܾţԴһƬң̧ĹˣֻһЩϷ·𶼴ɫѿ޷ţĿԶϣǸȵƷ·δ䶯̸˿Ļ޴롣
վֻǸδڵꡣ
λˣֻǡᣬһ˵лľʦ̧ĳȤڿڣÿ˵ĶС
ûἰڵΪһʮйأһѣӣûҪһЩ޹ص˳
ɽȻȴԷֻڳһ׮ʵҲЩⷬԵЩûκԸȤȥ˽ǵ뷨ʸ˵һ仰
ͻȻЩ˽Լľ롣ֹ½͢Թ壬бһ㣬ԼΪʲô޷
ΪΪʵΪš
ǸʱЦı棬ʵҲǿߵ뽾ֻص̫ֻ½͢䣬ȴûпһ档
˫߬ճȭֻôδе裬۹ϣԼͬΧ۵ĺһЦָоͨɫΪ԰ףһʱ֪ηӦԱ߷ǶȴģΪǽ壬϶Է赭дһ仰óƿԣڵһվѵΪô˵ܰѺڵʵһʴ
ȻֹضãȻǱѨһ֮ȴǺοࣺλ˵ģս˵ɣ¥ûԸλǷѡǣ
΢½͢һۣʵе͸οˣ·ϳ̽ڴʱԽΧ֪ǺĿġ
ɽعӵ׮Ƿǣ˽½Ҫ֮ƣ֮¡
ֻ䵱ֽƾܣ͵ټ飬ֻλֲԵĵǰּңҵʽ΢ĳҺּңʵڲ֮䣬Ĵź漰£ûǲǰһЩοˣֵֻģ²ؼܲ룬µıЩɢɣĪ˵ǷԻɵʵ뽭Ȼʺϡ
ɽ̾˿еԼ³çδȫ׼㷢ˣʱңɵԼջ
Ȼʱûʺϵѡôĳ˵˵׺ŵ顣ѾĸСɣ׺ẓ̌˻ΪշΪɱ׺и࣬ɵ࿹ǰǷʤ渵˴˼ת˻˼ɵͷǡ
֮Բߣ뿴ⳡˣɽ׻ӦǸղһССıʣοìĪоȴֵĸо
ʦŲͻȻڽг֣ǰʧ٣¥ھ϶ǡ书ߣʦвʽƫһаġ
οĹԺйһ飬ȴʼտ͸˵Ŀʲôһˣڲ׺ŵĿԼΪ㣬ôȻǳŽ˶Ϊλֻ²ֶѡ
ϰֲ¶ȴǧذת˼Ʋ²˿Ĳɱοš
һִֻӲıϣףȴ½͢ʲôҲû˵΢΢һЦһֻڶԷֱһ£еڻ˴һղ
˵ĬϤοУһŲԶɽ˵ӣ׵һʱˡ
ü׽仰ĺ壬һ죬죬촦ȥѽӶڶըżûĲҽС
Ȼǻҩ
ʶοȥֻԱ߿տҲԷŷ֮ʣѲ֪ȥ
Ŀʮ־ˣȻ书߾ȴ˫УҪͻΧȥܣǱ½͢ץסֱ뽫뻳У󣬻ѳ
˼Էһ˳ƵתλãֻñһƬͬǣߺ죬һʱʧȥǰһڣҪڹȥæҧס⣬ؿڵĶģȴҲ֪Լ˵òˡ
Ƭ֮䣬˽ɵˣһЩȻģȴҲˣٽҼÿ죬ֱֻ۱һƬǱرǮ̺£ȻֻǮ̺ȴѻԹȥ
̽ɢȥбѳһƬŷ֣ˣʮˣɽǧ㣬ҲϲԷϻҩ
ָ֣̤ѩ޺ۣ貨΢ǿĻҩǰҲֻ޲ߡ
׺һδߵ˱ʧأǰֻӮֶΡ
ȥҲ֪˿ԼϱضѪģ½͢һԲ˼Ѩ뽫ڱϡ
λô٩ϤοһϮƬմվЦӯӯǡ

 64 

û뵽˾ž޵һˣҲԸʹ
ڣ΢΢˻ƣȵĸоأ·ҲҪƵģֻɫƽƣ̬
µļ¶ԽԽߣ½֪͢ѾҪƵĳ̶ȣֻΪ˲öԷ
ο࣬书֮κһ˵͡
ֻǧ򲻸ã
ɱȼɺ̶㣬㲨
ʵĳ̶Ϻֻٽ¶ϲŭԲɫ
Ϊǲ׺ŵˣο࿴ЦҡͷȻ˵޹£ֻԸԸȥ顣
ôĴγڴˣǺ⣿ҲЦˣ˾ﻨͥԺŲģ˴˷ƽ˾͸Էһߡ
ǷǵзѣֻλȤ¥˷ұԸΪˣԱǸ⣿οЦеģϿһź顣
ο࣬˵˵ģ𣿡һϤȴǸڿջеϷص档
Ƕʽһ۾һˮת֮䲻֪ȥ˶ŮӵĻ꣬ЦЦ
˵㣬ɲҵҲҪͬ⣬׵飬Ӳ߻ʵʩһְ죬㲻Լ˶ٳУοͷҲأĿǰɨһۣµбѳɽһۣԭ׺㣵ԪˣѩޣϢҲضҪһʱ䣬Щ²ؼɣδػԮּ
ЩνˣƼνĵ壬ȴʵһɢɳԶԼʹ졣
һôʲô
£Ȼôпգ½͢ͽˡһۣһȥץļ
½͢ڣȻóѣ½͢ʱȴϾ˼棬Ϊ̽ʱ򣬺οҲˡ
ֽ棬Ȼǽеۣʱ˿ȴϾȥ͡ڻҩ½Ҽһˣ޲뾡سˣʦϵϡ
ɽľе˼ÿ죬ֻһЩλˣȴԶԶؿοⲻƣȴ޷ ȥΩһعȥæˡ
ŻԹȥǮ̺ͣǿ⣬ϵؽԷʦ֣һҪƽ¡
ҲЩˣѪģоӣȴҲ֪Լںοָǰѻʯ㲻ǰģֻԶԶվһԿţһַϣɴ󼱣ŭҼҹӣһ˹ȥ
书½͢ԸȴֻСһֻ۽һ𣬲бס٣Ѩһߡ
ͯҲӣᣬһǳİ㡣
˵˳ŷķ
οഽǴЦ½͢ĮȻ
ǰߵ书һߵ·ӣԴڵķһһʽ̺ŵԭֽȻͬ书ֱƼʻᡣ
οıӣֻ֮䣬ֱָԷҪѨ
½͢ûĽûдϣȻⲢĳֻ֣Ա
½ӣҵĽٱĲѨæ
½͢һƳ彣ٽ£벢ԶںοĲ֮£ŲһԷҹ
οЦݲɢ¶Ҳ˿δչͬţֻ⻨ȴǶһвпˣ½͢ʵҪڼʮ֮ڱʤȻǲܵģӵʱԽƾпԽء
½͢ԶԶȥֻƺû¶һ㣬һѩ
οɫɣȴԳԾһԣ֪ʵǳȴû뵽֮ߣԷûȴƽ֣Ļ
׺ŵԨԴӦΪԷһ飬һΪԼȤֻû뵽б֮Уܴôջ
ĿƳһԵݳһĨζЦ
Ų׺λε깫ӣϧκĳҲ΢΢һЦʧ롣
ϸϸؿǰˣǱѪѾϣɫ԰ףҪ˸ûˡ
ȻЩŮӣҪǻİ㲻ٰ
ƼٵЦţִսЩԷ°̧ͣ𡣡ûʲôɫԴǿջһȴǵţΪΡ
ૣټרעе⻰ĶǻŮӣֻ·Ѳ֪ʧһ롣
̾˿Ϊ㣬Ҿް취ˣ
һδӦѨѾ㣬λþղٵһģһɫʱתΪš
ķ
ķǺˡһЦȭִ˼ôһƽҲ濴һ
ѪɫüͷΪʧѪ΢΢𣬰ڷִ
ʵϣȴһҲ·ˣҲԲݱӣҲ֪Լʲôʣջ֮ǰ;˵ЦݣѼƻˣţҲ
ο۽һƳǱƵãаԼһһЦ¥˵òᡣ
֪仰ԶֻʲôӰ죬ֻ̽ѡ
˭֪½͢漴һƻЮɭɭɱâӵһ£Ա߲˲ࡣ
Էȴϵزˣ㣬ֱ۳ϣַסѨΪֹѪ
ο֪ٶȥԼҲ洦շûҪһʱһЦ֮ᣬ֪½ʵ´лᶨֽ̣λ뱨𣬲ɹҺĳ
˵ץ棬һ·̤ȥһ߷Ӱɢû˿ŵ书пֻһ
뾡Īʹ׿ն¡
쵰ҵѨٳ


 65 

׺̣Ӱᴰ
ˮζڳϢȴҲڲסŨҩ㡣
˾ظţһı֮Уһ뱻ͷסֻǰϢ֮һС֣԰׶񵭡
ѾҩϱѪ˿ɲϵðɫ޲ΪѪĽȾֳɫ󣬱󱳣˼ʹ˿ڣҲƵء
ָӱỬڶԷϣ΢΢һɢķ˿һȥ˵Ҳȫ¶˳ǺѪɫĲ԰ֽȴ΢΢ɢűȳ˸ߵ¶ȡ
ƿţľôһĻ
½͢ڴأһ˯ŵˣɫרע˾þһֱѹҲܼȥ
½ӣҩˡ
žһֱûж̧
չ¥½ȥЪϢɣ
ˣͺá½͢ӹҩ룬Ҩһ¶ȣַԱ߼ϣֽϵ˷пϡ
Ŷ룬һһףĵأҩ֭ιԷС
һһˡ
пһУ̾˿Ȼܿ˷ͬѰĽ飬ֻһݣûȨȥʣ飬ۣ¥Ƽ̣ʵ¶һøδһ¡
ϵˣ˵δΣ鷳֢ͬڵղ˵״˻ѰѣһָԵúѡ
ʵ֪ģ֪ΪԼҩ֪Լ屻ŪţȴۣԺ·һȻŹƻŽ硣
ϴһůĶ˽˿Լݣһɿҩζӿ˽
üͷ΢΢ʶųŵģǿнԼǻҺ塣
ֻǺױΰţͷҲţҩźʶ˽ȥ
ʶ·ͻȻһ󣬸оԷιҩܱСЩҲֻ˲Ż顣Ȼ˶ôں˵۹⣬е㵣˾׵ΪŻ٣Ҫֹȴվ˿ڡ
ͷϵ˿ھһ棬ʱ޿̲ȼգȶʹҲ·£ͷָ⣬ƺҪڻȶ֮С
ֻص˵꣬ûѧ书֮ǰڱѩ֮ǰ߸֮ǰΪȱʱԲڴУһޡ
ܾúܾûָоˣһ󲡣ӰεĴУǺЩʲô飬ȴģ־ټǿҲ޷ָӡ
Ȼǲɽ
Ժţϴһ΢΢ƺһЩ
ֵ˻ҩʱ
⿪ıڱϵӳδʣԭ⻬ĴдʱһƬʺȡ
ҶѪѾֹסȻջδˣѾõķתȥ
ϵɫƽ޲ָ⶯Ҳޱȣ·һϡ䱦Ҳ֡
˿½͢ɫٶݣѵ飬ΪʯĳʵˣֻΪǸʾ֮һ˰ˡ
˿̣ͬѩɵıһһģ˿ҩۣĩóɾ޲һȦȦ˿²ᣬױȡ
ûô
޵´˳˰Ц̾·þƽӿݳƤµӲʱתţƺת֮ڳſһ˿϶ȴߡ
б£οߺԣԭƣǿŵֿЧҲûлָʶһֱڣȥˡ
书ǿٲֳֻȳ΢һЩƣ壬ʵ˵жôˣ˫޷ߣ첻Ȼ书͸֧볣Ҳûʲô
½͢ѹܹ˵ͻȻӿһĪζӿ쳣Լû
˵Īڿ׷ãȴͻȻãԭڶϧ֮ҪŶԷ֮ǻԼΪĸоһּ尾
ԭΪǹ¶Ω𣬲׷ѧϵ߾磬ڣһ˷ѧһҪҪλãԼʶ֮ڽڹ裬н
̫飬飬鵽תǼȻϽԾȴײϡ
̲סͷŻҰɫĴշתҧ뽫ȶȣһһӡ֤ȥ
ϸĴϢԶԷе͵ݳ½ܲ͢ˣһζȡҪƹ˿ڣһַסԷĺףһ̶ֹסֱۣȥ·뽫ĵִҲͷų
һˣ飬֮ԿĮ飬ҲֻһֱδǸˡ
½͢ˣ½ˡ
˵鿴رʵ϶Ƶĵطֻ߽ר黯ƫִվۼ
ãԷֿʹ󲡳ԽߣֻܵסԷĶͷ΢΢ۣϢ
˯˶ã
졣
㶼ûϹۣ
ЪϢЩ
СܴĻѣɲ½ķ緶һ仰˿˵ҲѶȣЩƽϢƬ̣ŵ͵Цš
ǱĴһáͳڶ֮ૣΪ˼ƣ½͢ԼϣĳǶȿ˷·񽻾һ㡣
ξ΢΢һǣдϷʵЦ⡣
½͢úãѥ齣¶ԡ
˵ľ֮ڱ˴˵Ϣƣš
Է͸·ݹ½͢Ѭ㣬ȴζе񱡺ɣƽ۹ԼԼĻꡣ
Ǻƣ룬·ӹͷɢľ⣬һһ㽫֫ٺסʶģ˫ֳۣ˯ȥ
ֻһΣĪĵĸо

 66 

һ죬ȴȣͷ˵ľϢϢʮˡ
غˣҲ˯Ǯ̺ȥÿîʱضѾϴϣȥǮ̺͵š
ҲԵʳθڻ߲ܳȥ棬סƹլУÿյĹγ˰ҩչ˲ˣ
һֻΪб֡
һʣصףҰǮ̺໤غˣֻԼȴʧȥһ۰
һʧȥ֣书ʮȥʮղ׺Ŀˮ̽ҲһΡ
ؼֱ޷Լʱĸоٺǲʦûֱۣҵš
žͺá
ֻҪţϣ
ǰȻʦְ㺣ֻһִСһͶԼĶĶռȻԼµһ̣Ȼ֮ͿԼġ
ûʦ֣ӵٶ࣬ʲôأûĿ⿴ûֹԣûһ֡
ʵںǰǾѾɷˡ
·һҹ֮䳤һҹ֮佫ԭһֱǮ̺չĽɫû
ƿǮ̺͵ķţ˾ؿڴߣϵĽе㱣֪ʲô
¸ᣬʦ֣÷ˡ
أǮ̺һͻȻѹ΢΢Цô緹ԺԼȥԾˡ
㼸ûţ
üһſĻӷϡҳ˳־Ͱ˹ˡ
Ǯ̺һֲԲͲǻ֮ˣԴ֮󣬸ѵÿ˵һ仰һʱֻúҳ˸⡣֪ˣһ극ǹȥɣ
ȥɡ˳ǣˣдŸʦ˼㣬㶼ôˣҲûȥˣʦʦﵣġ
Լأ
⸱ģôȥʦ˼ңǮ̺Цһ£ȴ̫Ŀɬȹʱɣһ󡭡
УȻܾôܶһ⣬ҡڿԷɬʱȻֹֻæһ䣬ʦ֣ûʲô˼Ҳ˵㡭˵Ҳġ
֪Ǯ̺Ͱڰ֣Ļ֪ǹңǣܸܲһӵģһҪԼȥߡ
ôܣҾһӸôˣ
һڣ˶סˡ
ΣǮ̺أ֪⣬Ҳлл㣬⼸죬ͬһԵʱ򣬶²չң˴ǰЩģǻû֮ǰҡ̾˿ЦȴܴӦģһˣһԿġ
ΣŭζһӿۿЦûֱۣҶ𣬾һҲֳʧȥһֵֻʹ࣬οĸԸģû˱ң㣬ҪǲţҾ֤㿴
˵ָҧŽ⿪ȥۡ
Ǯ̺ʹ󺧣˲ϱģǰס֡ʦã
֪ԹңңֱҲûˣ㿴磬˫Ȳߣôǿ㲻ûһ۰ңһԵ֣Ժʲô飬˾ǣס
½󱻶Էᶼʪˣб࣬ȴַһ˿ۣζӳ£ʵܣж᲻ᵯֻδĴظͷأޡ
ᣬҰȥϻĽȥֽ̣ûһֻ֣ҲܳΪֵģŮͷ޺˵۾¶ᶨĹâֻ·ܵСǻŵСŮҲһͤͤŮˡ
ижȴǲԸʹ˴ӦѾƽ࣬Ҳ֮ǰ
˵Ҫȥ¥޳һСèˣȥЦ
ؼǴӦţˣΪЦһ۵ȥСһȥõڣ
סķǰ˺üţ洫һ˭
½ӣǣġ
ڳ˺һᣬ½͢Եȡ
һȣֽһӣֱֲŽȥ
Ŵ򿪣½͢
һֱĪη壬Ȼ˼ʲôҲûһԱ½͢Ը׽ֻбһ֮ŻԼ죬æǮ̺ͣԵǺٹ
Ϣ˽Ų߽ȥȴƹ½֮͢ſڴߣűӣ˼ɫ£ǣЦݣкá
磡رȥöˣ
ͷáĿƵǮ̺ϣ΢΢еԾݼš
Ǯֻ̺÷ееܣ½͢Ȼɫһ䵭һɹл֮ȥƺ½ӭ˵ĵ
ȴ˿δأԲš磬㣬˫Ȳߣжˣ
ʦãǮ̺͵ֹȻ֪ʮа˾ΪԼδ̫ͻ
ȴûӼ¿ʼˡ
ЩԾһֱΪ߻ħʲôˣŲ·ġЩ㶼ôģϰʱѵûв𣿡
΢΢һЦȻкܶ಻㣬ֻҪģûʲôȥĿӡǮ̺һۣԼʱһЩ˵ȴҲĿࡣ
½͢δ˵£ͬΪϰ֮ˣգȻ˽еļ֫ȫ㲻бϾкܴģ˫òֻ˫֡
Ҫ˶ٿ࣬ѣһ˫֣ͣһµ书
ؿһֻۣþôЦ˵Ҳů
Ǯ̺Ѿ֮࣬ǰȻ޴棬һ˿
ʦ˵ԼûһֱۣߣҲûж˻һֻһҲɣ¥ԼĲʲô
ؽķӦȻǼ˵ģм
˵һᣬѾЩƣ˿ڻϽ׶Σ̫ۣ½͢ü룬ˣǸɡ
ͣûзĳ˵Ҳȷʵˣֻվ磬ɡ۽һƳȴʲô磬㲱ôмˣǲжˣ
Ǯ̺˳ָĵطȥҲľǴмƵĵطţ֣ΪƤİ𪣬Ըۡ
ػӿƵشǰȥһ߻жѵϴ𣿡
治ɫǱһֱȽ˶óҧİɡ
Ǳĳ˵ɫѾˣ˾ⶪ
޹˱⣬һϡ
漴һЦȴǹȵġ
ôˣ
һԲµʦɶͷԡ
ŲԶЦû뵽Ҳܻʱ򡣡
½͢ڴסһָֻ棬оƽȣ΢΢𴽽ǣ¥⣬óҧĺۼֻ»ġ
ƽغЦȴǹ䣬ֻܹЦһЦѿд绯ѩǰһĸо
  в֮£ʶʱΪܣԼͲһ̵ˣ±ת˻⣺˺ãǡȥҶԼᣬЩʱδ̨ɽҪȥ
½͢ǰսд飬ʹǫѾؽ̣Ҷʹڣ¡֪ǫؽֻǳ׼Լ棬ûջȥ͵͵˻ȥȴ֪ѾʹᶣҪúýѵһԺ󲻸Ϊ
Ȼ˵Ҳ׷ʣȴ½͢ͻȻοˣ
бһᣬȻǲ׺ԵԤıδǳǶģȻοȴֵôĦȻ˲Ǹ⣬½͢ȴԼٴη
ֻ֪书һȴ֪λŮӣȴǾɫ
½֪͢˵ⷬ⣬ǿޣ㾲ġ
Ȼ˶٣ŮӣΪοʧٵ飬¥ؽ̽Ѱο䣬ֻǼ֮ͻȻȥŮӵȴˣǻˡ
ûкοһ֮ǰļƻҲҪǰɹһˣֻȪɽһս֮
˵˼л⽥ӿ΢΢ۣתͷֳ˯ȥ
½͢һᣬȥֳ˱飬·

˹֮ˮվͤĿԶȴѷЩȻγɵĺˮԣʯѰ
ɾҲˡ
һȹͬһȦһȦصģںڵĳѳ٣һ֧˿˫䲽ҡббزţҡĺ챦ʯӯĲԾţüһĨ̺÷ױѩӳҫۡ
濴ǰǽĻͻȻǰ˵һʣ޴㾱źѩѹ÷
ֻʫȴԱˣҲ˵ݣֻźһĬĬţһǺøڻ
ŮһϣĿˮسοȥɿΣǳˣ
οЦһ˳ƽŮ뻳У˫û˱øˡ
Ůһ΢죬̧ͷһۣɼȻпͣҾͲˡ
οͷŮȥ̬Ļꡣ
ˣ淭˸ۣʲôҲû˵ȴƳŮѩļͻȻһ龰
ˣȴǿѹŵģȻ΢Ц䲻ķһ;ģһֻצţ궯
࣬Ҫ練ơοɨһۣвоһ
࣬κηҪƼٵ̾һľˣʵǿ󡣡
ɹŮȻιŮǰˣֹȴɹŮҪ٬Щ
аԷϹֻÿڵǰһ֡
ҴӦΪ׺һ£ƺѾǷˡο۾գġ
˵԰æס½͢Ҳûһһ
ϺȣҺαؼߣοģЦЦʧ֡
ȥҧһڣԼ书˼߲ʮУ֪Ŭ嶯֮ǰ˵ϣ뱱һ£ϴαƻˣ㲻ÿϧô
һ㶼οഽ΢Ѿ֪ʵٴУֻҲʤֻ
ֻʲô漱ʵϴԼߣͿԱ뻳УܴɣģƾԼһǾܳɹģԼڲ׺ŵĵλȻ˼Ҳܰ޶˶ȥ¥ʦæɽ˹ָǲһᣬοһ
ֻҵǶ¥Ȥ
ʲô
Ϊҷһˣ񡣡οЦݺֵζ
ᵽɹİɡ
 

⡤Ϧһ

ĳϦ
¥Ȼ˿˼أʵϣ˸Ѱ˲û¥ڵƶģ¥֮һģְֲϿôҸ˾ְٷ˶Ĵ£¥Ҳ˾ⲻصƹܵ⡣
ǳϦһ
һ֮ĩһ֮ʼΪҪһգԹžԲʱ̣ںηҪǧظϻžۡ
˵¥ļҡ
ô½͢أ
ȻҲǸˡ
û˽ıǣ÷괺ڶ̨ɽϹʵڹڷζҲβܵ¥λ꾩򸮡
ǰǳһЦǺǵ߽ʹǫͱһԻͻ¥ʵҹ򿪾һ־Ȼһͼʽ̬ػԣǫһ߲֪ЦӼӳãȻñǽɫͲôÿ½нĳ嶯
͸ˣŵĪ˭괺ڼ¥ģǽȴֿտգʲôҲû뼷ֻһһߣһڶֹ䣬һĿЦãһֱϣ½֪͢һ͵ĶȻһƿõͣϸ÷ϡ
˶ʱֵĸо
̵ʱ꾩и𣬽ֵз͹ţȫڼźȿͷسŽӣΪر࣬Ƴܿæ㲻մء
ϲܹҲصشظ˻ͬĪ˭ͱ̵ˣ˫Ȳ㣬ȻְæֻôԵſһȲˮȵζС˵ľ㣬ӶŹϲ졣
½͢ȻԱߣһ¥̨꣬ɽϣȻŮҲЩþƺòأȴϲ徲û˷̣ûΧһһԷǳһ糿˼һá
ȻȴҲһ㶼ֵķΧֻΪڣҲǾúõģŴü۽ǴϵϲԱһĴЦģһһҲϲ͸Ƶģ䡣
ｻӰӳԣϯɢȻǸϢˡ
Ī˭ŷĵҲһͬԷƵǫȻһ̸֮˾Ͳնͷջֵֽˣ±Լȥ¥ݣֻȻʱ꾩Ĳ֪ļ¥ῪӭϲܹԺȥģܿ˼ŭ̽һ𡰹ˡ
ҺĬûǣҪȥ˵书ΪҲûĸطסǵĽŲ
ƿЦԷǣĪ˭£˵ز˼˽ҲҪܣðмָһƽص磬Ҳס¥𱴫ھƵں䡣
һ洫ˮưҨˮ´ӳһģӰжƽڸٵģʾһͷڷʪܵɢ 岻䵭Ȼģɾͷһȣ漴һĨЦԼʲôʱҲëͷСƵĳ嶯ˣ
ʲôѾ˳ȫֻŵµ㣬µĴϵţ߶ʱ¶һСƬƽͷûɣֻ˼£ˮ˳ŷ˿ʪ˼ڵһƬ˿ɣһմȾ˼̻󣬲ٴŸ߸ϵС
ýԼǱĪ˭Ǽһһ㣬ľȻҲ̲סе룬֮΢΢Ⱦ⡣Ī˭ùġ
ùƿӿһᣬ֪ǲǿˣɫûʲô仯һȥ˽ˮ
䵭ƺ¶һ˿Ц⣬ת˲š
Ůˮԡȴ˵УȥաŮһۣƺû飬ȥ
ԡͰа˸ߣȻܶȥ½͢Ů֧ˣֻʣµˡ
ȥ̧˻վ￴·ڵԼڣ΢΢һЦ߷ֵ٩Ǿͷ½ˡ

⡤Ϧ

滹ѩ£ֲʱȴԵԶԶı˶ڼпŻ
䣬ˮĿռ䣬ԡͰΧȫŨڵİ
½͢ɫǰ˺ᱧԡͰУ˫ֳֻͰߣ򶨵ˣԴ˾Ҳ̲סΡ
ϻŵ£һˮʪˣ˫ּǰסԡͰ֧أ޷ٷֳ£ֻǰˣڵ󣬴ĿԵ÷⶯ˡ
½͢ĴЦеΪ֮ڿԷѵʾģʮЧһȥ⿪µĴӡ
ʪ¿㶼˰ˮУпˮµ״ˮϰȴǼ޳𪣬
ˮУ棬·֫ٺչ˿ͿʱҲ¿£ԡͰ
㲻ǡŸԡô
ھȵɫסʹҲԸ㡣Щƣдˮƽ䡣
ļȵ÷·Ҫȼһֻȥͷϵγֽ£ԭϵͷйЩԡͰ棬дˮϣʱʪ͸ˡ
òܳƵϿ½͢ȻԶԶʵҲе䣬ȥʮʣ⸱ģѰϣҲһѣȻ׻˵ʫԻһòƽϲͬ죬ô˿Ҫҫ࣬ϣʺϲˡ
壬ƽʱڸڰ¹֮£һϱҪ˷ȥһ㣬ʵϣȴһҲ˵֮ǽ͵ģ˫Уظɣ㣬ȴֻǸ˼̾ϧ
Ѿй֮ףȴ٣ǶǳˣĥȻеģԡΣȴǵһΡ
˰ȾһƬ΢죬ȴ֪Ϊ˾Ϊˮƣ˴˼üҪΪһ壬½͢ȴûͣ£һˮԷϽȥ֮ȥ˵꣬˵Ǹ
ֻ˵ȥǷ󵨣ǸݽȻ෴ȸָ̽հ£һԷĴѾ
ʪ϶Էͬı⧲ʱ˿ݣⳤֱ룬סͷࡣ
ͬĽ£ѹ˫ȻʹжԷֳţҲˮл䣬΢΢Ц˾飬Ҳýһ棬Ѹ硣
˵ˣһѽ
 ŪĶŶԷĽԽЩͷɼҵزסԷһֻȴ޼䣬ҵʪ˳ȥ
ͷ΢΢ü΢ѹ͵ı飬Ŀһָͬ㣬Ūο˳򢣬ͻĺᴦ
µĿУһĸо߷·һзſգֻԼĴϢȫĸйٶһϣһڶԷ

ָоһˣͿƲס
ۣ͵͵ݳһͻȻ΢΢һһ֮ӿͷˮ֮С
ץסļԽһƽϢϣһֻԷ¡
Ұ㡭
ˮЩˣȥ˵˵𣬵͵͵ġ
ҲܵԷȵˣȴͬķ·ѹʲôǲһ˫ŵ٩ƵЦһۣû˵ʲô
򸮵Ů֪˫Ȳܺڴ˺һ㱻죬ϸɹѬ޹һɵ㡣
Ҳ˿϶ģȻֲɫڴ˿̣ȴ ɫζ
ȻѾȷһһǶԷôŮ鶼ǱȻġ
ֻעһҪܡ
½͢°޳壬üĿƽճ˿ֻǸԵ͡
ĵײһ
桭ڶԷ˵ͬૣ˳ҧסǱĶϸ¡
ܵԷ̽ѯĿ⣬һů΢΢ҡס˫ȡʹ
ˮĿ˵ɣ˿ȣȻ볣ûʲô𣬵ϸһȻܿ쳣
Ųһ¶ܡ
½͢˵ͷͷԱߵƿӡĪ˭֪Ķóֻ¸˵úܣȴû뵽ԼϤĴڵĶȫ
˴˳ҡҷ£Էһ㣬һк⡣
ָմͣ̽Է£ؽÿһޣϸĨϣõ廨кķΧ 
ѽţǳɫĴһһ飬շת棬΢΢һѹŽ롣
ȻǼѵģ˱Ͳ߱Ǹܡ
üͷ΢΢𣬿̲ס³ѹֵ̾Ϣоϵ˶ʱͣסְסļ򡣡޷
½͢ҲüͷӣһĴУȴ֪Ǹоضܵȥڼϣһֻͽʹѡ
Ǹƣ Ūţǻ֮ܿƳԭ͵ĴϢУֶһ˿ɼá
סڵûѹ˽
ǰǻ𣬺Ǳ˺ѰʹܵĥֱǻȪļ尾
Ͱų̵Ķڲ
ϰǸµĶ
ڼµʹ֮ǼľĸоǰĿУһ˿ĵ
ԭΪҵĶȾһ㱡糺죬ӳ£ԵȻ
סͣ¶ԽŲͷţ³鶯ȴϸ΢Դཻкš̲סڷ·жը̶ȣϵͬʱɿ˶ϼµ۷塣
֮ǳ
ֻдϸ΢ѩԶʱı
ͬһû˿ͻأ벻Э·بȻ
ˡתͷ΢΢һ϶Ĵ
Ժ꣬ҧĶ䣬дһ˿ոȥ һ
ȻһЦ˵
ڣů紺


 67 

³塣
Ųеִ٣ͷ·ȴ룬īۣһ˿
ҪȥһԼᡣ
һҲҲԼᡣ
ҶĶ΢΢߳˺֪Ϊߵ̫µԵʣɫأ彣ĿҪǰ·һһĵһ
һǰˣûлؼң˳ȥҲҵҶȴسֻԶԶ׺ţȫɡ
ӴˣչҪȥģԼиһδҵξҪˡ
Ҷ˿ԿЦһ
ȪɽǸõط֮㣬֮컯Ȫˮľ֮ʱԶĿɽҰķ䣬ҡҷʮ
ֻǴ˿̵ĳҶȴͣվصҪȵˣ΢۽ǣҲͷϸֻ߬ŽЩ׵ָؽй¶顣
ʱһһعȥȴ˿⣬ԽԽţһ˼޵ңʱпܱϣûб֮ǰȴҪʯصѹ
Զһڵ㡣
ڵԽԽһϡ
ȪɽһƬݵأǼƽ̹ģԼعҲٷ
ȴǳҶѡڴ˵صԵɡ
ѡȪɽΪĵܵҲ
һļ̳ˣһΪõˣȪɽ¡
Ҷ쵱Ȼ֪ΪʲôⲢΪԼܵܵеʹ
һûʲôҰĵˣеܵܽƣȻģǳȴòΣÿ˼ҵûѹжȹеԶ
壬Ρ
Ҷ̧ͷһֱ쵽ɽһߡ
ϵ˰ѩֹȻ
ϼûЦȴ˾࣬Ҳʺϲֻºȴдľᡣ
ԽԽˣһֱҶ첻֮ͣס
ǶǹǰټȪɽ£˷ľûĶ
ûս˶½͢סˡ
ܴùˣϻδм
๼ȴ޳Թںڣתߡ
ȴֱֱԷ䣬ƽ֮ͣ⡣
Ҷؿ̾˿
ˣɱܵһ𡭡
˼ʱҶѾΪܱһ첻ս飬ҾԶҪʧܵӰ£һ޽ܳ˲ţעҪ˥ȥв׶֮أҶ˾٣Ƹۡ
и̾ȴ¶ǵһ˵ʲôҲ档
¥롣Ҷƽƽһƣ˸ƣʶһߡ
ѽˮʲôȴҲǳҴģϰ俪ʼһֱߣĶڹˮķâ
ȴأţ˫ִεķϣûóʲô
Ҷ찵ҧǿסŶԷһһȴѾе㸡ˡ
ʱһһعȥԼȴӳս˽Ҷ˱̧ۣʹһСˮ족
ǳҡˮĵУͬʽ㾦ƽСˮ족ǵҴ׽˴ʮ޺ģգаɱȴ롰ˮ족ԭԢȻ෴ˡ
㣬ҶĩңнʵȥƾˣһΣǧȴǡˮеһУǧֹĽǶͬǧһͷ޵޿ɱܡ
Ҳ̾˿ȴΪԷ̾
ǧ򻯲ڡΪʲôô˵书һֱ޷ͻĳΣΪ̫עʽʵʱʽΪǰ·ʯ鲻飬öѧö಻һǺ¡
Σϣ׾

ظϵȪɽȴһ˵ס
ڣĿȻֻ˵˾ݲ롣
һֱ֪ǺݣΪʲôһֱߣв֪Ǳ̽
½͢
һضͬ񻰰Ĵڡ
˿֪½͢Ϊʲôõ۵ԭ
ΪԼ˽ʮĽǰֻǰŪ
ճ齣ȥѾڵϣ˱Ѩá
һˣĸףˣƾʲôȥ
½͢ɨһۣƺ㿴뷨΢΢һƳЦڹȥ޲񡣡
ҧ¶ŭ⣬ȴӶֻǱ˫վ޷սʤһ㡣
б£뵱ڽҴĿڽͬǰ澡ʧĿԼĸױԣȴϱԷǧؽ˹ȥַ׵ıʣҶһ٣Ǹ½εŮȴٲۡ
껳ʶζȻ˲ûдһֽۣôûиоֻһ˿оδΪʵͱͨͨ˺飬ʹַ֮࣬³壬Լͷǧ֮⣬æȴǴ˾֣ܲķߺޡ
˵½͢벻ݣѨҲһˣֻԼ飬Էȴ޶ãֱ޵
֪˶ãԼȺҲ飬ҪϢ޷ڣͷ֮ʣͻȻԼϱ£жϻָ硣
ƿڴȴһ߳֡
Ǹ
ǰ˼˵Ŀδŵģ߹ġ
ĿһԴһƬհס

 68 

磬ȴɫ䡣
ɷǰȥ뾾ʣȴһҶϲӹǼ⣬һתͷһ½͢վؿƺھ档
з޷ޣֲٷֻܳüĿҵأ
ڹȥϵüһ档ɫƽ˷ܣҲ޳Ū
һֱƬ̷ŷӦƴǰȥṦ
̾˿ûлͷ
Ҷˣ½͢߹¿ûƣתƽ½͢˵ʵûȤʣǣУȴʹԳҵûһкøУԴҲԼµ
Ϊβ΢΢ЦǸ̾ʱ˼Ҷֻ书°޷䣬ҲΪԼҵĶԹһţֻ㲻㣬ҶҲޱ֮ģȴһԼ˽ᣬڣҲ꼰һ࣬ʵꡣ
½͢˼Ȼ˾Ҫȥеعڽ黳ָ϶ԷޱߣǱ΢紵ҵͷ˳
˼ˣɹһС
ͷŵʮĪЩң̧ܣֻҰ磬ҡӰƮ죬Ϊ¶ͣפп꣬ƱգҲԶЩ񣬻ȱģֻǾȥǵ顣
ʲô
룬ȴɹҲ֮ʱȥѰһԭҲǸȥЦƼٵص٩
֪˾ĬƬ̣ȴҲϲ򡣡
ΪΣ棬¾Ȼбɵ
СʱһȺһȥǣһֻߵ÷ɽȥ
һģС½͢ȥƤһɽ£ǳô붼û
̿´ǳ鶯̵ʹࡣ
ǱֻǸɡ
ΡΡ߹ȥͨһڳҶǰ촽֪˵ʲôá
ؿڲһѽȴԼˮҲббһӣѪȾ·ð
æѨֹѪСطŸ׵ı۰пԼϣһȫƾűܣԼʲôʲôͲ֪룬⡣
Ҷ쿴Ŷۣҭҭ̾˿Լû̳гңԶӵĹܽȻϸ񣬵ȵԼ˳ҼȴΪʱʱļ˶ԶȻԲȴʵڲ˳ҵĲϣֻԸȢӣƽƽá
ǲɱ㣬ҶҪ
סڣҶͺһȴǣ˿ڣǺѪ˳˳һֱѵ·ϡ
š֪¥Ķִ֣ս飬ʵǣʵĴ¥֣֣֮֮˶ԼҲŲңҲ㣬С塭ڴڵشֽ߬ųӣҪþƽһ˿
ʹٶԹޣ·ϣҲһжԹˣóҵһҲǣɣ÷
бʹ쳣Ÿһģζ£ҲǸڲ꣬һֱȴһĴڣԼŵƤųҵ˾Ҫ£Ժ󻹻˭ϰ䣬ѵΪأ
㲻¥мǣֻϣ㣬ܺú÷ȢӣѳңҡҶȰΣؿڲͣ޲ýÿһ仰һζڶĵסѳҵȥ
㲻ģҲֲҽױ̫˿ڣֻһֱҡͷϼ߸Ӱ
Ҷ̾˿ӻô£ηأֻ̧ƺһȴһָ̧㷢İա
ʲôãȻԼĸס
㷢ģȥ𡭡Ҷֻǰ󷢺ڣһʹڽԶȥԺ·죬žȻ
ҡŻи׵ģҧҧҷģһúסںȢȴںͻȻЦ绨ķǶһʹ
ȻҶҲϾȥ׷Щˣӵȴģ΢Сţſڣ˵ʲôַκ
ؿŸڻϢ۾ʼĿֻԼȴѾ޸ĺӣҲû˱ӻǻ﷢ıԼڸ׵ʬϣޡ
صɽҰ֮䣬ӦģȴֻҡҷĲľʹӶ߷΢硣
ô¥Ȥģĸۡڣźο࣬ǰ趼͡
Դպο˵Ǿ仰һֱڻο࣬ϲз磬òҲڣοôͻȻעĿأĪǼ⣬Ҳһ
Լж֮񱣬㽫Ҳ·룬οȥ˳ĻЦҵҪ㣬òʤֹٱĿ񣿡
һۣͲ˰ɣǸ½͢ƤȻȴȤ˾㱻ι˴ҩҴϣҲûȤģοһȣ㲻ûˣӱòҲֹôû۹⡣
ο˵½͢ι˴ҩһΣﲻɿЦİȴǲ¶֡ǼȻˣк
ˣ˼Ѫһ˷ܣģںοһƾеĶ֣½͢һ׾׵Ľ
º޺ʵ־ᶨ˵ķ״ƣһƣȴȻǰ˳ӣȻòԣȴҪʤǧڴϵķˣȻǡսĽӴ˰⻬ļԼһ׷źһȴ˺οһۣ˵ȥºο֪Էĺô࣬Ȥ
ô˵ֱӸ˴ҩ͵ˣοȻ۹⣬ȴʵƽϡ
֪Ҵ򲻹ҲˡȻбϣ̬һģһ¸ɣ˾ȴ˿ԴףһŮգƵƵעĿ

 69 

ɹ復긮ϾҲ׶ͬڵĸΪ㶼
ɹһԴԶ壬һֱһǧ֮˥ݻΪȣʷȴԶһţɡ
ɹ˲٣෴ܶ࣬ģսǨȥģҲڱ߾°ӹȥģĸ׾һɹʵеƶʮأϱƣٷϱԹԺκˡںġһơⲻܲ˵һ뷨뷨֮£Ȼ岻ЭìܣҲڸڴƽȵƶ֮£Ϊͳߵ˶ں˵ӣ˵ڣǶڱͳεһЩ²ˣҲûõȥ򴿴ڽ׼ͬѺˡ
ʱɹʵ۽Үͣ˵ˣ˿ܶûʲô˽⣬ȴȻк֪ܶӣγǩԨ֮ˣƽ̫ӵĹ֮£Ү;ԵеĬĬţʵϾƸһųܵĻʵۣǡǡ෴Үλڼ䣬ξȽսһȽԹý⣬ں޶ա
ȻһУڶûзҮλĵͷɹԵƽϾһٵľ󣬼㻹꾩ȴҲԺᲢˡ
½̽͢˽һװ磬ϾһνֵϣϾС˿͵Ľּ֮ľоϢϾΪ½͢òΣ̽ų˷˱ƵƵעĿĽ㡣
ӣɹ΢װһҡǸ϶֪ܿġٲڵǡ
װװ磬֪Ȼˣαضһ١ЦһС̯ǰͣСڶߴ컨׹ȴ۵һꡣ
ǿ֮仹ЩĺۼɫãҲֵһңҲ֪̯ĸֽڳġ
ϲ°ɡ½͢һ˿ײ顣
ǰλ۹⣬ǡ
û˵꣬Ѿҡҡͷ߰ɡ
ֻǿɫ״ͻȻԴԼмʱϱһ壬ʦԶ˵ǼпǸĸģڵ֪һ㱻ˡصļԣw w w.2 7 t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
νĸףҪ
Ү˼귽ڣΪ˲ò߲͡
Ը׵һ仰˼롣
Ү˼븮ȻҪ״еǣǿҲԺգ游ôǸ壬ֻϧӣ游ľλĴ󲮣ҲǸ׵ĴϮ
˶ʮ꣬һֱʳжȹɹĿƾֻȥ˲μӣԼʹٶҲûãҮ˼ĸݲߣֲڰͽӭˣעжɾ͡
Ү˼ֻ³ġ
ÿèһȺ־ȤͶӵһ𶷼ܣصعӣǰظʱӦͻѵƢӦĸ׳Ĺػ֪ʱˮ
ûʲô飬õĺ󹷵⼸ˣȻмˣŵĸо˻û˷Ү˼ţ߷˶ʮ꣬ҲͿۡ
˼룬ô˪ƵģǴĶˣ¥˰ɣԱѼüŪۣ˵긮¥
ȥСԼ˰ɣӲԵͷҮ˼ЦţǹһĨЦôҪҪȥһˣ
Ү˼ʮʱѾףŵԵ˼ңòƷзûʲôģȻôʺϻԵҮ˼룬ڵʱ˵ѾȢˣԷŵϲ˵һ־
ĸ׵簮³󣬲ܿƾ٣Ӫλߣ˹٣Ҳٻ󣬶δãȻһƬҲ׵ھδκһģɲףҲֻڼжһˣԺٶ༸ðˣԺ˺ŵɹ˵ŮӵĵλɲȨƽȵĸ߶ȡ
ĻǵЦŷ׷׸ͣ˱߱ģͻȻǰ汻ΧһȦָָ㣬ͷӶƺڿʲôҮ˼£ǰȺȴһ²ȹĺŮǽߣ׵˫ַڹŵϥϽ߬½ǣǰ˸ĹĵĲϯԱ鲼дĸ֣һѹڲϯ棬ʯͷѹš
Ḹ
Ү˼㲻ϴ񣬵ЩƽǳеģҲǵʱëŮмɫ±ͷȥúÿʲôӣŮ̧ͷĿһˡ

 70 

Ү˼֮ԾȣΪŮ̫ʵ̫
ûŮҲܳϡ
ü۶ʵͨûȱݣ㾪ףȴôôŹ֣Ķһ˶ĺ룬ҲһһҮ˼ܿǺһĺë
Ůע⵽ڿҲ΢΢ͷҮ˼۹Ըţûŵڵϡ
һ˲Ү˼ֻһоѽó
㡭Ү˼ָָŮӣԤʵԶ¡㳤ôҲ˵Ҫ
λӣ巢֮ĸūԸŮӳһ£̧ͷӯȴûҮ˼κһϧĸоӿҪңһӱ㹻ˣϸߡ
Ү˼վ·ϵĳһ߳ЦģҲֵһӣˣСүǮū澶㳤úÿ
ŮӿߵūֻǮҵȻƾǲҿŻȲūһȥΪţ
Ү˼˶ʮ꣬û˿Ȳģ±ƮƮȻԱ߼ѻüŪ۲壬е⣬ȴС컹𣬿Ǿģһʵ̫ˣҿʮҲ͹ˣȥܸů𣿡һ仰ȴǶ˵ģһղЦ
ŮȴŭֻǵﰧţҮ˼뿴ͷʱľһͻȻĻʵҲûô󣬱ǰȥȥ䣬ռˡ
˭֪Ůһ֣࣬վȺһ࣬ϲȵȹǣ˳ǰһˤվ˱˳ֱռˣȴδȺײˣһֱ˵·ϡ
ǳ鶯һ¡
½͢ҪѨĶ̧ͷЦһµʱѾϳ˵ݡ
£ĵӲûȥ
ÿĳ֣ζǽвС鷳
ˣ򸴺
ȻȲû֪ôȵ״ʵڰۣ½͢Աһ˦ŮѾʮԾĴ뿪תץסβš
λӾȾң컯֮¾˵ϷҸŮתͷҮ˼뼸ˣŻ״
Ү˼һ˿ڣȴû⼸ʲôãڿʱЦһһзϵĵͼȣܲεͲˣ
ŮӲֻק֡
Ϸݵ̫ˣٲҰצҲˡһֲ©شĪ˭Ҳֻü
ѲѲ˼䣬޿κηſ֡
ʱҮ˼ȤѾתƵˣ긮ĺ˲٣вмһģģȴ޽УҮ˼;ԼȫºһۿԼĲѧԼĲҵͨͨ¶˵Ŀ֮¡
ĵһĸоĪؽ귳۹˼ֲơʲôˣιļϸɣ
һȻֻҲĽڣΧһ⻰鷳һɢˣĪ˭ŮֲǾɫȻӢ۳

 71 

½Ȼȥش⣬ֻٵĪҪѪˣǼϸˣ
Ү˼óƽնԸƽͷյб۾ЦϸôܳԼǼϸ벻ҵһ˲֪ˣ
⻰ʵֻԶţŹٸһʲôλˣֻЩŲŲûթһʰˡ
Цһߣ֪֮˵̬Ҳѧ˸֣ۣܺұ㡣
һﱻ£Ү˼߳ŭֱҪȥק뷨ǣ½͢ǣͯһҲˣΩϵˣţҲ۸ֻҪЮ֣γ˲Թ
ָԷڣϥǴһҵʹ·ǱûֱҪѹͷһ㣬۵ͰһŤˤڵأ
Ա߻Ī˭װŮӰαϣִкãΧ㿴ֵˣֱһ顣
׷ףʵĪ˭йأǴˣԼѣҲû취
΢ְҮ˼ıϣһƣ㽫һߡ߰ɡ
Сϳǧ򣬸ͲֵǷ˼ҲΪˣ½͢ͷβֻԹۣûг֡
̧űߣǱĪ˭εεءѽһҲվߣ˼ܻطḸĵطǸϯ
˼裬ҵһ˶ĵطͻѵġĪ˭ž㤵Ϊֶסȥ·΢Ц˿Ц뵽թʬ龰ɴ˸׷Ϊóһĵ·ûŲϯһСܸǰˡ
ȵȣҮ˼ײײ׷ˣסȥ·
ε˻ãɫһֱ㣬ԼȥץδҲûŭֻˣԵе㺧ˣ俴Լ˵Ҳﲻط
ΪҪҲ磬׼ǰѵȴҮ˼ͨһʯϣΪͽ
ǰ˲֮꣬ȻϺõĲϣȴûӦȳУʮһӵܣȻҲнҲоɫĺۼȴʮͽ
Σŵǲʲôˣ߰ɡ
Ү˼벻ϥĥصʹϥǰ֪Ҹղçײð˸ˣܳΪͽܣԸ𷣣ҲԹԡ
ȻԱЩѵľ۹⣬أ
Ҫ˵Ү˼ʦ˼ȴǸղһģΪǵӣܾ簮Ժգȴƾ˻ٻټ飬ЩλȨصĹǰգֻÿոһЩµ˻죬ö֮Ҳɲѧͷȴʲô㰮˵ģղ¶һ֣ͻȻһ˿⡣·񿴵һڳԼĵƺи˵ǸıĻᡣ
ϸ룬ѹǰȴᶨ뷨
ҴͽܡΪ
ҪſϴӦҮ˼һүƢðˣϽ¶ɡ
ɨһۣһֻ֡
Ү˼״ΪͬˣɴϲҲȥ˳վ˭֪ԷڿҪʱһһδ£ְϽƵһȥ
پֱʹ絶ȥϥǴʹһʱ˲׷ȥֻöϴһƵͬԶߡ
ֱԹƬ̱á
Ү˼ȴҲֻԶȥıӰ޿κΣ˵ڲƽ̹ĵ·죬һһµײţԼҲ֪ηӦˡ
ЩνѣһѵԶԶɢˣ˭Ҳûǰʺһȥ
ʸһ䣬ָֻ֣Ү˼·ԵʯϣʱͶȥһۣȴûҪǰȥֻǵү
֪˶ãҮ˼ͻȻһЦ˵ķȻ󣬲̧ͷһֻһȣվϣЦеؿ
ȻΪʦ͵óǡ࿡ٱΣһһ΢΢۲ת֮飬Ү˼û뵽仹ӣ˼ȥȴֻĸݣƫ˲ŮѹӣҲΪĴʡ
Ү˼䲻ˣһʱˣ˳ȴӹ𴽽ǣչݣȥءҪʦʮǧء
Ҫôźã㶵ҲûȥλԵ޹ڨ
ЦʱҪé®ݶ¥ΪʦȻǴ˼齵ĵطȻղ׺ˣſڳɣ˱Գ⡣

 72 

㲻֪ʱжྪգһ·׷
Ī˭ɫظ˵һ·ľһߣ置ŮƼſߣؿ½͢ġ
½͢ѧһղߣȲĪ˭ʱһ鲻ǷҪֳʤԼϲˣǲеܡ
Ī˭Ųϯǵջ齣˭֪ϯŵľȻǻشֵͽܣóϴ¥ɱ½ĲƼѡ
Ƽ½֮͢䣬ǣ壬ʦΪ½ɱκ½͢Ĺƶȴȥɱ½ˣڽɼܶ飬Լ벻ȥ費Ҫȥ½͢ΪˣȻһСֵο½ǾȡҲ˿Թ
Ī˭ͲƼѶˣֹǧȴԵʻһļϣǧһ·ͬУι置ٵɹնۣǣٽҲ񣬸һʱһʱɥ
ĪӣôаŮװܵȥḸģ̿Ī˭ϲʳԼ֪⡣
Ī˭ӣеΣϵŨױĨȥǸݸ˵ӡʵ̫ˣҪҲѡ
置˻׹ƵĲ壬ɹ
һԲƼѲ˼Ҳ峤ҪŮ
˵˵Ī˭ۣƼͷ˸ܵһߡ
ɹǷһȤˣ书Ϊֻ²ǣ¹Ź֣ƺɹǣղƼƤֻȥǹһȥ׷֮£ŷ־˵ĸʧٵġ
Ǿ͵͵Ǹȥ˷ˣĪǱҾƼЦؽϣûһ¡뷽跨ҲǸ˵ֻ˵ҵĹܼ⼸쾭мЩū澻ȥˣǲǸӣ˵ҰģĪ粻ġ
ֻ㻵¡Ī˭һе㲻ڣԱ̲ס͵Ц
ȴûЦֻǳݵˣǷϰߴһȰ벽룿
ǣ¥ϵôˣǿѹҰգƼ޳Ǹ۾
½͢һۣĪҪȥǴˣû׷ǲΪУ书ǶҲֻǲ֮䡣
Ƽѻ˵ʲôĪ˭һס֪½ΪȴֻжݣѵѾˣ
ףʲôҲû˵Ѿ˼ԺֽοֵƬϷĦ⡣
²ҲۣⲻƣȴǿԿ϶ģһҲҪ鷳ģɹԶԭ¥޳ĪҪʲô飬ҪҲѣԷֻҲɹˡ
ҹĪҪˡͷһعĪ˭Ѳ֪ȥֻһ˫ϤͷжԼķӡ
οⲻƣֻ²öԸ˼
ӲԣҪǣ͸Ŀġ
ˮڱǡһ仰¶ơ
ԴЦȴڿԷϵʱһ
Ҳжһڰɡ
˿һۣ΢¶Ц⡣
á
½͢븩˫ְεķϣ˴˾벻ߣȥмĪ
ȥǸֽԷժһͷͷк£½͢ͷϢ֮䣬˿ƣζ롣
Ǽˣȴһͷ˿ü̲סЦ
ʤü壬䲨һͷɢȻҹ߲ҪΪλɫˡ
ȴҲŭֻһѽᱧ˼ڴϣʣЬ࣬Ҳߵ͵ЦǼˣӢۣӢ۹ޣδ֪Ӣۺ⣿
֮伫˽ܵĻ˿ǳԱ֮ڣѲǵһҲֻʧЦԾ
ӣ֣˴˵ůƻഫݣԷҲָƣζʵֻ᲻Դ
֮⣬ֻԼĶૡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڷ·жϨ˲һƬ
漴ƽ
ҹ¶أ棬Ҳ˰ɣһ𡣡
·вľO@֮Ƭ֮󣬲żֻԶԶһЦֻЦҲԷ̤¶ȥŲæĴ
пٵãҹˣ̣λϧ

 73 

žһϱɨڵϣˤ˸顣
үһԵĸȻɫ
ŲңŲңҮʢŭ壬ɨ˲豭ޣְѲҲһȥ
ƽʱѧˣα䱾Ȼȥ˼ҿջͷһ¼¹򣬳ɺͳҮʢ˳ȴΪõ뷢ںڷ˿ȥҲʮͷһ˫۾˿ŭ𣬿ȥмˡ
ߵģָָԱߴεĸˣһɸֵƽҪܻܽţ˵ĸܶҿǱĸ׸ܵģڶˣոһå˻죬Ĳ䲻͵ģ㿴˼ҳĶӡ˵մ˿ڴѺȲ裬ȴ˸գ۾ɨϵƬֻ÷߷¡
˼ҳϮ˾λģҲûôţѵүоλϮôⱲѹƵļʮĸ˵һγȴֻΪԼĶӡ
㡭÷ҮʢԼӣҪ˵۹ø˺һûҼ˵ȥ
ҮʢŭЦðүܣûоλϮб㵹ʹʹүŪСٵҲӻ
Ļ˵˸˵Ĳһʱɫɷײ˵ڵʵҮ͵ǻԪ꣬ΪվӶչ
ҮʢһۣѾʰ˵ϵǽֻ²֮󣬲Ż˵ȥܼҴϼˣذǲТӸҴҳΪȫϾǵЦ
˳ȥҮʢſյã̾˿
ԼʱھǸʢ˿ڽ֪ڵĲӣȴǵӣ޷õλϮ⣬ԼмȥӪٳûһְٰȢϵŮΪԳΪ˭֪ӵȴ˵Ͱ䣬ΩһĶҲ˲Ф
ԽԽ̾ʱʱ輺Үʢ۾ؿαֻĲ
Ү˼Ѿˡ
˳Է˯ʱ䣬ȹȻ˵£ҹĵذһӲϥ׵ʹû֪
Ҳ֪ԼôģСȻ˵ҪʲôʲôҲʳȱԲëСϣԼҲ֪ԼܹʲôûȥЩʲô
ռʶ֣֪¶ģҪԼΪͽȻ˼Ҹû¶棬ҲܼȥϸŭƣۣҲ֮ˡ
Ү˼Ҳ֪Լʲôħʡ
Ҳÿ˵һЩǾֵȥİɡ
ͶԻЦĿ⣬ǼѵһܹȰȥΪ֮û¶棬ջƹǸˣȰҲٸϣֻɵȥ˭֪ջ⾹Ȼ˺˲١
ջſڳһˣ̧һȴԱߵͯɴϲԸΪͽˣ
ٿһۣЩûǰЩôˡҼҹӻţҲû˵Ҫ㣬ҪȥЩġ
һʧֲ㻹ǻȥɣǼҹӲһ˵ͽܵġ
Ү˼üͷôˣѵ˾Ͳѧ书ˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȴԶƳһȺˣҮ˼͹
ү
ʲôҮ˼һ񣬡ȥ
үүȥΪ׵Ĺܼҹصһӣ漴ʹ׳һһңҮ˼
ʲôǷſңҮ˼뾪ŭӣƴѵÿһʱֻŽ
ܼȴǷ֪֮Լүܻȥܽ⣬͵ܳԽһ¡
˼ˣҵջүҪʦץ
һˣҲֻǸ߽ģ֪ʲôֶΣүħƵģο˴ɹԷٷܵȥ

ԭǱ˵ļ£һԿҲͰˣȴ漰ӣ̡

 74 

ҵүץȥˣƾʲôȥҼҹӣὣſڡ
Ͳʮ㣬Ҳ˵ΣǾߣ仰˵Ҳ˼ƣǼǿȥһ͡
ܼҮɸо꣬ʲô˶״ȴҲֻЦߺߣɹЩ˿ԷĵطǼүίȻҪΪֻعҽȥң
һ£Ǽʹӱǰǿдȥջϰź󼱵ץȴҳǼ˽ſڻ⣬ǽ˰ѿջˡ
ǼʹȻȴҲֻƾһ䣬ȻƳ壬ȴٵĶ֣֮ü΢΢һƲ齣ʣǼ˻δüŪ巢ʲôѾͨͨſڵѡ
ǹܼɫͨ죬Ү˼뿴üɫ裬Χ˴кõĳ£ټػʣؿһ۹ܼңǼүû¾ͶԱצӣҼҹ˵ܼģ
ԭҲôģҸɴΪʦˣҮ˼Ҳͨ죬ȴǼֵģͻȻһȰΪʦ·
ٿЦãҡҡͷȥɣȻҼҹҪˣǾ仰Ȼ׫ģһҲϣӵ徲ӱһЩɵ˴šЩһ̣ǾͲð°΢΢һָ̧ǹܼΪ׵Ǽˡ
Ү˼ҧҧȻǲĵģ죬ϥ׻˵Լ׶ɹܼҳˣȥԼҲûùӳԣȻѧȴǺ˼ˣԱͷãҸǻȥǣǧߡ
ֿһЦͷ˵߲Ź֡
طһҳ飬ͷҲû̧
һԵ½͢ȴڲһϸ¶ùϵÿһ磬书õȴǽ
ǰСӻңԻջסɣҲǣǸҲͲˡ
ҲãȥҿջɣҺǾ͹ȥ죬˻ᣬƺͻȻʲôĪ˭أ
Īһ͸Ųһȥˣû˵ȥġ
̧ͷͷ롣²ƼѲģҪȥǹʱһû͸˵һա
һֻܵͷӦۿ˶ר־Լ飬ͷˡ
᷿ŽŲڿջ¥ţһߵϲܹǱߵĴ飬һղԼ龰
ڹ½֮ϵĴ⣬﷭ڹֹһˣΪԼصȥ̽˵Ҳõ˼һǰۡ
Ӹ½ӣһһ䣬ʵҲ飬ֻǶ׽˲Żܺã˲Ӧ¡ǰ¥ĸһˣܹܿãȴ˵½ӳһź࣬Ҳʮˣȴޣʲô½ӿеģôὫ빫ӳһأĪԼǾһԼҲʼ˼ˣ
˦˦ͷ׿һӾţٵŵŵ¥
٣ƹ񣬸Ũ裬СүҪӣ
ӣҹ!Үʢ̫ʦϣޱ飬
Ү˼˫һԲȴҲûжվһͷҮʢЬӣ·ܿ仨
Үʢһķ֣ŭЦТ֪⼸ʲô£Ե߹Ѫͳ𣿡
һӣǰҮ˼һƣҮ˼ʱɼڵϣ˵ϥһ˲۵£Ť˱顣
Үʢ״Цһ㻹֪ۣô֪߳ôдСһ޳ɣҲͰˣЩӾȻ䱾ȥЦҪǴʹҮҮＴףҪĸ飿Ҫ⸮³ŶЦ𣿣⻹߻ģ
Ү˼ǳһĨЦ⣬ŤԵŹ֡棿ĹңֻҪˣҺ벻ãԼ컯ֹĸףʲôˣ
ҮʢԴŭվǰ˦ֱһĶ⣬Ү˼Բһƫ߸һƬ
ҵĶϸոյϢ⾾ĵһĻȥסҮ˼룬үҪĻҰգⶼƽճĽС
Ү˼ȴûޣֻüͷοǼǰ˹ʱ򣬱ѷſ֡
ҮʢؿھִǼʹӵүҴȥ㣬ûҵ˭Ҳ
ǣү˼Ү˼ȥϿҮʢһۣԹҲˡ
Үʢüģ¡
ܼҴǰȥڿջſڷһжͼӴ˵һ飬ĩֵүͯδʹүһѾǵ죬ǽүĻЩ书ǿʱ͵°үүԼܳȥǣ֪
˵ô죿Үʢüͷ˶һͯĶ֣ǸֵҸȥ
үСа취ˡܼһתͷ

⡤ο

ʮ֮ǰһֱ
ֱкο࣬ҰľŵݡҰһգһ˵գĸǵˣǺˡ
һжǴӽʦе֪ģΪм𣬾ûԼĸĸ
Լָĳɺο࣬˼̣αطգеҵζȻŷһɣ͵ǴӸңԶطḷֻ̌Ǵֵ˼ܺá
ʮ꣬ʦˡ
ʦŷһңЩʦʦǣΪʦλãĻþɱƭ¾Ϸոһյݣһ巳͸ˣ˳
ŷ˿㡣
ɽ⣬ǴƬƬȻͬķ飬ɳĮ߹ڣ̤طȥ֪ʵԼѪģҪһ޵ĻôĹ޲ɽˮĽϣҲڴϵĻƺӱϣСǴط
ԭĵ꣬ʶһŮӣг
Ǹļˣݣ˿У˵ԼǸˣȴСڽˮ糤Ůӡ
书ȴ֪ʦţҲûȤ˳ʱڿջˣһССĲ죬ڶȥµ·ϣ˵·ɵ书ԭ￰Ʊ̩ɽʱԼԣѪ̴棬ȤҪȥһˣٴ֮˾˵Ե֣ҲΪǡ
֤
֣֪ɮͿؽӴȴ׼ɣ˼أ÷ɳ
·ǸΪĳߣԼʦֻ书ҪʦѷɫЩȻҲһ¼˷ַɿƽ˵ԼˣսдСɮ˶㵲ѣԼĿвԽĴھôһ귽ڵꡣ
֮¡
ȴʲôֵ֮һЩڼĸսҲûнӣתȴһ·С
ȻǸţһƯĹ㳯Ϧദƽ⣬书ͣǡЦ˫ɣ᲻ĶˣȻҲ⣬˴ֵϣԴĮͬɾ£ɷˣ˴˲˵ƣҲĬǲϵŵɽݼʦķ㡣
οǸˣĻעʲôа֣֮ԭģͻȥƺ֣ƾ٣ȴֻѪǿΪ֮
ʲôΪûʲôĿ꣬ԭһʼߣ鳤续ɽУҲǸ̾һˡ
ȴܱѡ
ԭгֻķţλǿɹĿǸˣҲǲ׺ŵˡ
ӽֻǿ书ʮ֮ߣҪһ·飬ϧ𽵹齫շ
һʼͱģԼĵرοҲˡ
ĺϲϲԸΪɽĹޣԸڽϡ
һ˵ģһҲֻһΡ
ˣûˡ
οˣ˭Ҳ֪ΪʲôʧȥҲֻ֪¥
ʵҲûȥֻǻʦķ㣬Աߴ˸Сݣꡣ
֮ѾȴԭʱĿһУɽʮǰߵ·һ
ǳҵ
˷ǣʱ⣬Ըıࡣ
ǧ˼ַŵ
ľϲС£ģںοУȴֻ¼ֺЦһ˿
˵Լɹͬˣ˵ȥб»һ¥뱱ȥˡ
һзԼϲˣֻԼҲǡøȤˡ
½͢书ȻܸߣԼ£ҲΪԼɽܹ꣬ǱޣǰԼֻ»Ҫ·硣
һȱ£Ҳиʦ˫Ŀäȴ书֣λ¥ȴʦЩͬġ
бϣ˾Ͷ֮Ĭ¾Щɣ볤֮ʱҲˣ˱ڽǣ֪˵ĹϵѾܵͬĵز
Щظĺˣ˶ɣֻǿߣ˶ǡ
β׺ɳˣǳ档
濴֮ãæ
ֹ֪ϵֻҪٽʹԼǰûгְɡ
Ȥ񲻾˼Ȥ


 75 

Ī磬벻ԭ֮˷ƼС裬ɴ˫۶档
ɹԭԭϴ˵ǵطĪ˭֪СϽ󣬶ڵλһϲͨ˵Ҳǵã;ӡ̵ӣȻƼǰһˡ
ϴεÿɺˣҷʮն᲻óԣϧˣ֪û
ãаɡĪ˭ģеģ֪ԣȴλСϵġ
ǰˣأ䱻Էسǰȥ£Ӳ㱻˺룬²ŮĪ˭̾˿ظȥ
ĵĪ˹ֻ֣ǲƼȤȻȴĴԼ긮ķڵʱγ˽Ħ磬ҪֵʣĿطռˡ
˶Ī磬ȥƼ˷ܵǰ棬Ī˭ֻżһ㱻קǰ˼Χ˵С̯ǰ棬֮ʣߴһ͵͵Ī磬Բ
Ļģ壬񱻺ںûĪ˭һ飬ãֻ÷ųԼӵ֪ʲôʱѾſˣתͷһҲˡ
Ī˭Ц
ƼѱҪ˦ԼŻᳶ֣ͻȻʧ٣ȥֻĹҲ벻ڶֿˡ
˵öԸˣǺǵģ
һ磬ջ˼֮ͣñȴ긮صۡ
¿ˣջƹһ⼸ˣͰлȴõⶼЦݴǰȥ
ʲôѼλˣ룡
ˣ˷ġΪ׵˲Цһۡ
ƹһۿȻһɣ⣬Сط
ٷϻһƿҲ˵ŵŵ˶¥ƿ˼ֵۣ¸᷿ȥ
ƹüֲֻȥڡ
Ǽһֱѵ󼸸᷿ҲûҪҵˣȴѾջ˶ˣз֪ʲô¡
Ϊ׵ɨ˿ջһۣȥƿһŵ᷿
ȴˣһվվŵͯװ磬ŵһвм
ֱֱ߽ȥͯȴԱס
һŰɣ˸淢䷸Ǹϵİȴϳ־ʧɫ
ϴˣֻǵؿƽ޲֪˵䷸ָʲô飿
ô֪ȥţȥ˷ֱɡͷص⼸һǺˣȻɹϱƣΪͳνײɹֻǴεȰգѹûҪ
ˣĪҪȡ֣ǡܻǰƾ⼸ۣôסǡ
ȴǼ۵ഫԵǰֻܷ֪ԷǺˣ
⼸۶˵ͬ󣬵ҲΪˣ͸ûбҪǷ½͢ȻҲ룬һֱֻԹۡ
ºͣһҲ޷ǵ˰ϵĶӡ
ӣָҮ˼롣
Ͳµð˾Ųʮôһ˵΢΢һЦǺãһˡ
һͼˡӣ
޷ڰ֣۾ȴǿ½͢
½͢ף촽΢΢أõȷǴܡ
ԼСġ
֪ˡû©Է񴫵ݵĹġ
ٰٰǸһˣջ۷׷ף֪⼸˷ʲô飬Щǰһߣƹսս˶¥½͢ңȴԷһŵԼ˵ʲôˡ
Ȱ²ᡣ
Ī˭ҴѭϴǶʧķ׷ȥһֱ׷ۡſڣûҵƼѵټ
ȴŽţҲûмſվţʯʨӣҲצɢűϢ
Ī˭Ȼɢȴ³ç֪˵ˣΪĻŲɣ˼⸮ۡ˵ۣ㲻һҲ˽ȥôҪȵ˾Ͳֹһ
üͷ˼Բߣ۽ͻȻƳǽһϤ߹ȥɫء
һƽղƼѾֻ

 76 

ǼǽţȴǴŴãǴƫŽȥ
ºɣ󰸣ΪʲôŽȥ
ǰ·ͷҲأͷصô£ȥ֪ˣ
һͷֻǺҲżģȴҪƵģɣߵӣ⡭
֪Ҫ˵ʲôһЦ޷
ټԼҹֻҲŽȥ
ʵϣ⼸˵ջȥǵʱͲµǵ⣬ڿջſҮɸܼͻģֻ٣ͷβǹܼҲֻ١֪һģȥѿջ½͢ڣһ۱϶½͢оֵζˡ
˴ӸƫŽ˻۱Ҵ˳ȥЦһƾһţҲסô
ӣǹģֻ²ɣʱҲعζˡ
δ𣬺һһߴ
Ȼǡ
һֻһĨӰСƫת˳ȣ߼ݷһЦݲã겻ɢ档
㣡ҧгݣһֱбѨͼᱡԼҹһ¹ڻ˿Ȼۺ졣
δַɡˮ¶ɫ
һҲûоɫе죬漴һЦǺо仰ǿѹͷߣо仰ǳ̲ϺϷδ֪¥Լһأ
һЦҲԱᡣ
һЦɫ
Ү˼⼸Ƣʮֱ꣬㱻ڷڣҲһпƻĶƻзһصĴͷŮҲֻսսذѷ˷±ܣ±ŭǣ
ҪܳȥſڵˣǸǿ׳ļͣûи׵ǾԲɻȥġ
̾˿ϣҮ˼һɥ䡣

ΪͷģͷҲ̧ү첻ˣ
ûһ̤˽Ү˼Ļ̧ͷ𣺡ү
һ룬ںҮʢ
ôˣҮ˼ͷƵתͷȥһҸ㣬ģڳȥҲҲǼˣ
Ү˼һ㶣ʶʵΪʲô
ҮʢһЦô˵Ǹ϶ǰϵһ֧Ѿ˸ˣҲǼ˼ù鰸ˡ
鰸ʲôǷʲôҪ鰸Ү˼
Үʢһǽ壬ֿĶӣŭ𳹵ӡ䷸£Ǹмˣ˴ɷѵ׽ã
Ҫ˼ΪʦǴȥƣôֵܹ˼ͷϣҮ˼ֱǱˣСƢΪȴѧ˭֪һһ䶼ͬƽߡ
סڣǸҮҮ˵𣿣ҮʢİȴԷ˿ŭĿӣʣԼС󣬴˶ٻ£ÿζǸĸʰͣѾ볯Ϊˣ
Ү˼죬תߣֻһ仰Լú룡
Ү˼ؿֹϵķţ겻֪ζһξñʵǸĶӣҲʮ־ظףǸһ棬ȴա
ѵԼ˹٣·Ҳô
УһҪߣ
⻨֮Уֲ˻ݣͤͤϸҶйһɫȴֲġ
ֻˣȻû˼ȥ͡
ô˵һ㣬ͻϲòˡЦеģһ˫۾ֻϴתֳƺټƤһأϵĽԷĳ嶯
ĳΪӣɫֿ֪ĳһ㣿Ϊһµ磬ֱͣ벻ܲȥѹݺһͨ
ɫòȻ㲻ˣ֣ȴǽƾòʤΡȻĵ뷨ȴǰֲ¶һҡ˵һ㡣
òԣοǸ˿ҲɹһŮˣбͬϯŮҲСұɫɲָ͡ӯӯһתתǰϡ˶֣ò֮ΪȣſչǴ
ϲٱƵͻȻ;һˤڵأȴּŭ㣡
žһƳһۣתɫ
иоף
ʹҲԷָشڷϣƽһ㣬ȥ
һټôŭˣҼҹһ£͵š
һ룬ȴϴһ編ƣ룬ֵѨûгֹƶǰȥ˶һɢЦݵζĩȻǼǿҩҲӲ
ɫƽδݣ΢ף˶ԷѨŷ񡣡ͯúܣҲã۾һǶĳ档
̾˿ü֮両𼸷ΣǽķɫȻǵȣȴֻޱȡ
޶ԹбµѾĻֻΪ⣿
ұΪһǵһõˣ˭֪պο˵½͢Ȼ͡һЦԷ½ȥ
ͳζֺαΪʲôɺ½͢ȻҲͬһ֪ľζֻһǶ󡣡
ٱѨﱾǼŭӣ˵λȴסˣɳԼҹȥ
ȴֻϣ˵ ɫɫ֪Щʲô

 77 

⸱ӣΪԷֻգһЦͰĵҵ𽵹һλ½ֻѾڻǲˡ˳ͷ£ϣתȦ֮У⣬ȥһڡ
ټ״мֻѨ㣬ſԣֻĽ١
ڲ׺ţѵͲ¥׺žʹƳˮ𣿡ë°΢΢侲ȴƺ˼޿κΣ͡
׺ΣȴûйϵҲʦǵĽ飬òҸְˣҲԣ˵һѣЦһָľƣǱһƤɵѪ½͢ǸľҲϲҳ˺£ұؽ˳µڣ½磬˵ɺã
͵ýૣҲΩĻһֲ©նС
ѩ׵½󱻲ң¶ļͷ΢΢Ҳ֪ΪҩЧǾȣӶϣҲȾһɫԭü۴˿̿˼ɫ
дã¥úðգҶġɫĴ𣬼Ҫ಻סҩЧ߳ŭϷŹԼֻϸϸϣ¥׳Լֶ֮£Ҳ벻
Ү˼˼ȥ뵽һ⣺װ
лЧȻЩͷסȴҲ治аֵһڷдҲ˹ܼңǹܼҲרæ˸ͽҮ˼
˭֪Ү˼ȴļƣ˽»¸Ǵ˼ҩĲֹ˼죬òװҹ˾֮ʱҩԵʹӣ͵͵˳ȥ
Լүֲǿطˣ˭ôҮ˼һҲ˷ֵشլͥԺ˹ܼϢƫִбʳ˵䣬ЮŹܼҵʣҴææ븮øȥҮʢںֱŲҡ
ȴôôģȻҮ˼һҲв˼ȭŵӵۣҲΣ֮гɣҮ˼Ҳ˲ٿӣһһ·ǰֹȥ
ǱȻõ֣Ҫ֣ͱЩţдΪ죬üҪˣȴһ۴Ҵҽ˵˼䡣
ȴǲŭЦһ˿죺Ǳɣǲˡ
ٲָ֪ʲôֻΪ½ǰԼҹˣ쳤˲۰Ͱ͵š
ֻһΣŨü۵˽Ү˼룬ڳˣһ㶣Ŀ̱ڵϵ٣½ȴһһЦݲõϡ
!Ȼϵ棬վڽϽԼڿջſڣΪͽġ
ҮСүҡЦ
ʲôҮ˼벻ɵӣȻ˵ƣ֮Ӧϳʡ
㻹ôЦӹϣҮ˼ˢĪٲˣҲòֹˣȷ亱С
ǣҮ˼жԶ˼ˣԼȭͷҲѾ˳ȥϧô˶֡
һֱץסҲֻһֻ֣̬ɣȴѾҮ˼ԼȭͷҪԷһ룬ͷ¸죬ɫǵͨ죬òײűһ仰š
΢΢һЦԷſ֣ȴѨͬζͬҲҮ˼˿á
ҲֳĺӣȻˣúÿţ˵˽գ㻹ҪҽءƤ֮˵һֻҲ˸ϵڶ
Ժ﷭ֱԴǣοڲԣֻܵ棬ҪƵġ
Ү˼ֳ֮һãȻɫ㻹֪գʮ걻ڹǰλ¥ҪʦѧյˣȴҲ㸸ֳ
Ү˼볤ô󣬵һ˵ԼͷиֳԱ׺䶥ޱȣּ΢Ц֪Ǽ٣ɵóȥ
ǡöԷҲߣҮ˼ֻɫƽ֮ĺӣҫ֮¼ݣڲӿİȫǳԻı棬ȴ֪һСľбɵΣա
㡭Ү˼ͻȻܵȶȿʼ촽Ҳе̿ˮȴ˺仰ﷴ̲סΪĻʼϸϸԼǰˡ

 78 

仰Ү˼Ʋ뵽ȥϸ˵ò
üĿرڿĵطȻԶԶ棬ƽ֮УȴһɲȣҮ˼ƶʵ޷ϸµԴȥԼĸоԳ䣬Щ˵ѪͳȥƵó
Үſڣ֪˵ʲôãԴͬһңͣ׮У֪֣ҲûȥʣͷȥҲһ⣺ôû߹һ磿
ɫã֪ĽӣҲȥ̼תȥ
ԺִһƵ侲Լְֺޣ⸱ȣ޵ȴǲ֪侲²źֺУǰбһΪ֣ȴתۼתǺοֻ֣Ҳ޷Ϸˡ
˼˲񼣬ٴ¼һ飬ԷѨҲδ⿪ŷ
֣ȴҪΣ
ͻȻڣ͵͵ģίȫתͷһ˶񣬶ȥִ֣Ȼ˫˫ܣϲɹұιԴ֮ҪҾ
ƽľˣһִˣȴδйҲ֪ǰԩԽòԽõⷬ˵ȴǾģǧ
ΣͻȻ̾˿ĺִţƶᣬԽԽ¡
ǰ䣬ΪԷı򶯣ϲ˶ʱֲĸо
̧ۼ˳ɫȥĽƣȴ϶Է磬Ҫϰأδһۣ㲻㵹һˤڵϡ
㣡ʧɫãһԼѨ
ղһֱ˵ʱ䣬忪Ѩ΢΢һЦӵٵѨһתǰ㣬óһö£ġ涨һһֻɫ䶯ĳӣַɫ֮⣬ûʲôر𣬵Ȼ˵һЩŹŹֵֹŵ˼һ
ƣ
ͷֻн߹ƣ置вһ֣ҩЧ
ǲƼ½͢һֻʱȴóҲ֮ǰ֪è壬ҲҪһˣΪǳ׽鷳
ʱѨѽ⣬Ѫͨ߹ɷ־͸һƣһЦҼҹ˿۵ģ治֪ߵغ񣡡
٣ȥ⿪ѨָȴҮ˼룬ٲΥ棬ֻܺݺݵһۣ߹ȥ⿪Ү˼Ѩ
汻һɨ˰ߣǱޱȣȴɴЦĵҲȻζɺ£һڣôãҲһ¶ˮԵˡ˵ţĿɨȫ£ٶ˵
Ү˼ָɣȴҩЧδ⣬¥ƵҩûУʱã˫պ󣬾Ҳ˴ҩӰ죬ټ״æι¼ŶԵҩ裬ɢЩҩЧҮ˼ѹ
㣬ֳǵģȴ֮ǰ˵Ƿζӳ£Ҳ˵ʲô飬ϣڿԼϣԼôһ书ǿĴ硣
ûȴһЦЦͷƤֲƿ۾޴ҲȡֻЩĽѵ
滹֪˵ĽѵʲôĵĽ߹Լֱϣ˵Ҳ֣ǽ߹䶯˼£Ƥ꣬濴ûƤðˣѨ㣬ֻʩΪǳȫƤ棬ʧ֮һ㣬ްּ󣬶ֱһʼЩ֮⣬Ҳûκβʣþ塣
ûʲô󺦣ȴиԱ֮ʩ⻨˶ٴݣһԼһ¡˵ֵѨȫȫĺ첻Ӧеصز顣
ΪʹɨأǲҪĺá㣬棬ٿ鿪ʼŤ棬ɶ˶ҲɫǼҹӣⲻ֪ɫԽֶͣαԽǺ޺Ǹˣʵʤİ
ĻʲôζСȻԼþֶΣǵòԼ˶ԴҲް˿⣬ȴҲδ֣ȴվһ׷Ҳⷬ뷨Ժ߰ظȥҩЧ˼ԺȫУۣȫ˲ˣȻҲע⵽ȥ
Ү˼ۿҪߣæǰסٵۣʵ㻹ûңղ˵ģ𣿡
֮ǰĻֶ飬Ѿ˰˷֣ʱʣֻ֤
ɫ͸ӳϣԳ͸ȴްָ顣ΣΪ֮ա
Ү˼ƣؿȥҲ׷ȥʣзڣ˼ȥģôױض֪ԼؼʸˮʯٳѰλȥڡ

 79 

˻صջӭǵȴ½͢һ뷢ڰײβεˡ
һ˾ͻǰȥϲܹܣ
˺ǺЦ٣ǰ񡣡¥á
Ҳ¶Ц⡣ЩӲ
ϲܹۺ룺ǰЩ˵ˣûʲô󰭣ֻĶ⼸طʧһЩ
γҪɹñˣóȻҪ֮ǰѵϣһЩֻ¶ȥټϲ׺£ûбҪȥâԭֿ˳۵Ĵڣһ٣⼸ҽóתƵǱ߰ɡ
ϲܹܵͷ¥ǣҲôģ˶ιҲ͸Żȥ帣ˡ
ϣϲܹڿԸ˵˵˰գ΢΢һЦ
ϲܹ¶һ˿ЦԼ¥ȥգ˵Щ¥ʱ䣬û뵽½Լһʱˣóһݹȴһֻ˿ӣ滹ϵżʮ־ϸ£һ۾ϳǲƼƽմϵĶŮⶫ½ǰȥˣǡùǻϣȺ򡣡
˿ӣ̧ͷԷбݣ
˵պΡ
ټʵӣĪǺοࣿ
ҡͷЦο࿴ԣʵ¸ߣȥ飬ֻ˼֮
ǲ׷ȥ½ֻǰȥٲıζʲôԼҹ½͢ôãȻӲܵġ
ȵȵȡ򴽣ֵͷȥӣηϲܹܣҲƼѻĪ˭䣬ܾȳĻ㲻Ҫǿ
ϲܹӦٿԼҹӵͷ˼ģֻܰ̾ǣĵɹ治Ǹõطҵ½ӣԼҪȰӻȥⲻ֪ǱʶУѾ½͢һˡ
ˣСȨŮʳסб֮˼ҵСҲѷɫòֹȻǰһջĿ⣬һӶֻ¥᷿ȥ
˸ˣȻ٣ӳõɫŵȣǵĿ⣬ޣĽͣȴһ½͢Դǰ㣬޸飬Ϊ
һѽ£ھͶ֮䣬κӡ
ŶʱڴߣԱ߻վһߣóҪӷϣ˵Ļ㾲վŵȶԷķӦ
ɨһۣ˵˼䣬Ȼ˵߰ɡ

Щ⣬һۣӶԷпͬĲ졣
ǱΪжԷҲֻܾǻᱻ伸䣬ǣʲôҲûС
½͢ƽýĮӣ˵ûнǷע⵽ǵò
ĪЩģǰ·ʱƵƵ׿üۣ˶һı飬ǰ㿡գɽѩɼ
ˣ˭ģ
һ·ţɫȴסĺ˼룬ֱĿĵأԺͻȻֹĳ嶯
⣬ôˣͻȻתͷСʵǳϦദȻóĻ겻ᡣ
ҧҧҡҡͷ
Σ˵ǲΥġ
ղһ˲䣬Ҷѡ
ѡ

 80 

Ҷдšθֵլʵܴ
ɹϾܹô˹ģĸۡˣضǸ
ֻ½͢ȥעϸڣ˵ЩǾˮ¡
кܳһʱϣչϰ䣬Ⲣζϵն񣬹ĶǣΪһһ֮ȨˣҪѧϰĶԶԶֹ书
ǳýϣķˣƺﲻģһҲõĮͨ͸
ֻϲģ򵥵
Ȼ˳ϲһޱȸӡ
Ůһ᷿˵᷿˵ƫټտĵطɴĻȫ龰
·ûˣ׵ԿռţֻŶĽŲڶߣ½ֹ͢˲վš
Σû˵Ҳûǰ̤һ
ᳯ˸Ὺڣ½ӣûǰ·ˣɡ
½͢һۣûرζȴס΢΢һ£Աⵣǵһָۣ׽߬ģϸü롭СһЩ
Ἣزͷһۣڲסѣȴֻ˵գҴҵش½͢˳ȥ
һйɴţ޷͸̧ţһߡ
ΧԼ
ԽߣһŲϵ壬Щò˿֯ɵİɫɴһõļ룬ס
ü΢΢漴ƽɫһĵȻȴսеĽ
ֱеΣյٽΣȴǻվǰĵˣǶԷʲ
˿ڶ˿˿ƣֱңؿڣ·ҲЩĽ
˿һģв֪Ӻδİ㣬컣繲ȥ
Ѫؿֻͬûһһ£Ҫһ㣬Ĥۣȴʮö˽סϸȥ
½ͣ͢סŲȴǰɴȻԾ𣬲ݽƬ֮¶ľ
ȴֻһˡ
Ϥˡ
ѩºڷ񷢹ڴ봹ؿڵĳǶ¶š
ǳǳЦ⣬Ŀ㣬̺˼С
վţŶˡ
ҲأЦݣº͵
Σվһһ
ǲˮû˿ͣͬһֱ·ʱģŲʱҪˡ
͢
½͢ǰߣ͵͵ģૣԼ䣬ĸо
գաֻ޳֣κһﶼҪƯְŽ֣Ĵֱһ֡
㲻¥ˣЩƵͳζӰ졣
ӡ΢΢һЦֽۣ⿪´ţƲۡ
ȥ⻬ýųǰվñֱ΢΢ţκһʱҪˣ͸ɴӳϣתӨĹ⻪
͢һȥ⿪ԼϵĴӣһָ½͢
½͢Ҳ֣ȴȥǳ齣ʣǰһ
ЮѸײڶƣȻǺοֻҲûĵһ
ӰٿȻʧһйΡ
ֻɴĻӳ͸ģܵİ⡣
˽ֻ³½͢Ҳܳˡ
͵һֻ覹ɴ¶һѩҷصĹװۺɣޣˣơ
½͢ϱ˵Ƥ࣬ҲòŮӵˣѾƵϾɫ֣˵ӯӯǶǺŵĻ٣лȻ޽ĵǰŮӣ㼯ߵĳɫɣǦһֲܣһֲɡ
½ִȴ֪ʲôõʲô
ЦԲ˵Ȼܿ½͢еĻһΣ̼ˡ
ħԻԷﵽĿģȴûϵ½͢־ᶨˣħҲҡ˰֣Ȼ֪½͢ˣڻǧ꺵Ҳôĵ
ħ辿˵ǴӺȵѧֻЩϺɵĹȽϣС׼׶ѡ
ʩչ֮˵޲ȨƲƸˣΨ½͢޴ֵС
ԷûпڵֻԴҵĸУ˵ĶҸϵߣѵ½ô
½͢ϵҲҪʲô
°գü΢΢ģ⶯ˣֻϧǰȫ͡ʵ˴ɿųԴǰ֪ɹһ棬ԼҪ£֮
˵ձѧǺŮӵǣ˸̬˴
½͢Ŀ⣬ڿһϷӣĮ֮͸һ˿óҧȴòȥ
Ź֮̽Уһ⽣ص书ķȴ֪½ܷǱؼתң׺¶м
½͢в⽣վųֻһ˵ı䣬мɵѹº˵ĳ嶯
̽أ˵ˣҲ룬书޵У΢ĩȻҲϸȥѰ
۲ת渵Ҳ¹һȥġ¸ϵش󣬻æѰ޴Ҳǿ
˵ȴа˷ʵ飬׺Ų뱱̺¥ΪУҲȷǰѽǷľͲڱ̣ԲóҪֻǳֱħ˸ȦӣŪɳ׾
˶⽣Ĵ˵׷и֮˵ڲ׺˵ȴʲô书أ塣
˵üת½͢Ȼвͣϲ¶ֻǵһ֮ϢԻ㡣
ͷȴһ֮룬Ӧ置Ůʱ㵱Ȼͻؽ齵Ŀջ֮С
֪ӦֻǶһ٣½ɱ˺οࡣ
½͢뿪θʱС꣬һƬľ̦ҲԵ÷
ˮ΢΢մʪۣѥҲǵˮȴֻ߻ؿջǸˡ
ȴ⣬һűͣ½̤͢ż㿴һˣɡ΢΢Цš
֪ģĵ׺Ȼ͸һ˿ů⡣
ôˣ
㡣
߰ɡ
˹ȥӹɡȻȻĶ
קԵɴ½͢ȥıӰþûгԺת˳ɫġ
׺ֻ˵Ҫ⽣û˵Ҫι
̷꣬Ȼ׿Ժοֻ֣ǲ֪ʲôʱʼĳԹ
ЦһβҶԺһƬģȴʼҵƭ֮£ԭ£ˣԣȴ¸ݲðƭֻҵһʱͿΩüƽƻߣ½͢ΪУȻ·ˣֻҲ֮ˡ
ᰵ̾һӵ飬ʵڲ๵ģԺιӣô̵˱˵أ

 81 

飬ĪԼ˰ȥ飬ͷ֣ȫûбҪ
ԲƼѲĪ˭͵ӵĸۡΧ˼һƣͬҲû¿ţźθŮɵĵڣһԶԶߣ׷аŮװȻɼ죬Ҳûκλɡ
ǺθθӣƣԴòҵƼѱĵص˽ȥ̸һƻʱűƿˣֳֹƵòŮ˼书΢ضأų䲻⽫Ƿŵ˼û˿죬òؽ˳ȥĪ˭ʲôı׼ŲƼͻΧȥ˭֪˽ſڣһŹϣ֮⡣
һͷˮĪ˭ض㱯ݲѣ֪ƼѻᱻųοôȥЩ£
һ·С꣬Ҳɡ˻صջһʪȴǼյȥ
͵С˺׷ꤵ˴ʿˮ
ںõ꣬˶á
룬תͷǣ¶һЦĪӣˡ
Ī˭ͻȻ֮ӿһĪĸж
Ҳ֪жӺζҲǶ֮󿴵ķˣҲļˣҲҡҷζ⡣
ܾԺҲǵһĻ
ԼһԹļȲĳ֪Ψֲ赭ֿͬ
һֿε
Բ˵Լཻ֮лٸųģ½͢ƾĽ飬ӡԵˣǧ˿Ƶϵ
ھ޸֮ңǶӣСܾǧ谮֪ϧΪҲ񣬽ԣȴʶ֮ı࣬Ҳ괳ͽۼϸĸģѲǰ޹˼ɣΪ
ٲ˱Ҫˡ̧ͷһۣüƽͣЦ⡣
һˣȴˣУǲľֹһ˿ů⣬ڻ˻ı䡣
ԲƼҲץӻ˻Σħˡ
Ī˭գգ۾ץԼӵС֣ͻȻԼƺҲóɸˣü˫ҹ߶ݡ
ͻͷЦ
ÿɵϵ
Ү˼ײײػصУֱײ븸鷿Է³һ䣺ңλ磿
Үʢѹû뵽⣬˰Σ㷲˳ȥѰ£ֶҮ˼ָָšţ¡
ҲϢ
Ү˼ڻ·ϣҲ˸׵ַӦȴϲƽƽŭ
¹˭˵ģǲλ⣿
ûСҮʢ촽Ҫһֱߣü
Ÿ⸱ģҮ˼ͻȻڸʱǿ˸ҩλԼĴ磬ҲŴ˵һ˿̣һޡ
û˵Үʢü㲻ҪЩ˽Գ飬һûˡ
Ү˼ڵһվһһ䣺ҮҮ͸ʵգǴ磬ǲ˫ȽԷˣ
Үʢһ˵һĻȻֹŲ輸΢΢
ҮҮҮ˼ǰһС
Үʢû˵ŵذĿƺ˻䣬Ʋþã̾һûˣҪʲôƲ𣿡
ڳϣҮ˼뻹ûü䣬Ķʱ˰ء
ûˣʲôҲûҪϳԼҴ硣
ҮʢЩţҡҡͷ£ĪҪƭˣʱп壬ˣûУָǼٵġ
˼ƭңʲôôҮ˼ЦһĻúܺãһҪã书ǿԭֺպǣѪͳݡ
ҮʢİŭǸҮҮ˵𣿡
Ү˼Լףʵʧ͸ôʧҲԼĳԼ׵ˣ޿ɸıġ
ſڣƺ˵ʲôΣҡҡͷתˡ
ҮʢŶȥıӰͻȻʮǰǸҹ
ѩ죬䳹ǡ
һȵ壬Сͨ죬˯ѣ͵ͳҭš
֮ǰһŮ˾ĵȥϢݲˡ
ϲ͵ʣϲǰ޳ʮָϲ΢ɬ񣬺͵ͷʱһĨ顣
ϲġ
ֻǣֲĸ׵𣬵ֲ˵ĳЦֲԼ
ԶüҪļͻȻֱ⧲
ԭû
Ү˼͵̾˿
գҮ˼Ըʧֻһ顣
Тȥĺδء
Үɷ˿޵ȥҪιȥ
ҮʢȴϵûзŭֻǷǷ顣
ãƣ̾Ϣ



 82 

⽣ӵڰͣסȻ̧ۣˡ⽣
˵⽣½͢ʶ
ǲдġ
˶
½͢۾̣ƺһ·֮רעҪΪǰһ׾˫Ľ
ʵֻΪձȽϣá
̽أ֮⣬½͢ŵĳ⣬ֻⲻǶ
Ե̣ҽ𻯳ɣǳڶ汲ľأź繩عķˮأ룬νҲţΪءȻһԽأԽĺ壬䱾ͲЩһıΨ²ҵˡ
Զﴫڴˣ̾˿ϣһ졣
˽Ƕ˷ˣǱϼŵǺã
뵵ĲԱ͸Ĳ豭ߣԶһ£ζǣһڣ豭Żȥ
Դ裬ɹ֮󣬱Ҳһʱ壬ƷΪһ׷ŵĲͬհᵽɹ
ŮӹϣǳŵĲ棬ī޴ݵС
½͢¸ںɣӦ飬㲻ᷴڵġŲ豭ϲɫ
ǺιǱߡҪνüǣˮ°Ӱ
ԡ
δűƿһ̤˽񣬱ߵιӻˡ
⸮ۡҵǡθʵȴǳ£ǳˣЩǻͣЩȴǲ׺ŵĲߣ澺ĸ
οЩ
˵
θ˵Ҳһݾ֮
齣ӹŮݹҴܣδţͿοǱ˹ȻֻɫЩ
ĿһͻȴԣЦӯӯӭȥ
ɡο֣΢ƽԹķ糾͵ģҲˣûᵣô
ָů·ػɳζϲƣĵ
ûлش𣬳ĶȻЩȥЦţȽȥЪЪɡ
οһۡ
һۣٲ
Ǳ΢Ū
΢һ֮䣬ԷѾһݣ̾˿Ҳ߽ȥ
ټңֻ´ɱҲ˳ȥ
ѩ֪ԲһĬ㾲裬ȴԷڡ
㣬ȥɽˣ
Է᲻أȴĪҽζοģҲʣֻǲ·֮µѹȸУȴӡ
һΣǡ
ο࿴գ̾˿ʦĹǻңҲõģ
΢΢ƲͷûֱĿ⣬ǹһĨЦʡɣﲻã
ܺá
һǵãڿջһμʱռԤ᷿ᱡңӵ𣿡
һʱĬƬ֮󣬷𣺡ǵá
̧ۣŶǸɿˣͻȻúب֮Űʵ̫̫ûȥҪһӵ
ʱǣôᣬûй˼ɣߡЦȴûЦĿԴһ˿ܡ
ɡ֣ץסԷ䣬͵͵ģƺЩ󡣡ǣǻصǰɺã
οදҲֻǵؿŵ¿֮˼𣿡
Ӧֵŵ²׺ţŵЩĻ𣿡
ץӵ֣˻ȥЦ
οŮӣԼ߹һٵ£ԼĿ֣ԼҪһһ𡭡
ͷһϣʲô
ϣת⣬ϣǻصʶʱϣ
˵ֻΪǴɵĿڲ׺ţȷʵŲЩ
ҲҪȥѡһЩ飬һЩ顣
˵ڲ׺ţԸ⣿
οལüһãȻ֪𰸣ֺαضʣ
˿ֱôһ·ȥ½͢һս
ɱ½͢ұ㽫ʦĹǻң赹ԡ
ҲΪһ׮飬Դˣĺǣ
ǧǧ򣬵ģֻʮʮУܼߵģҲ䵱ɡ
˵СɾͲţǻһ˵ĳɳҪٺõ츳Ҳпܱѹˣһ˵Ŵɸ׳˲š
⼸֮Уڽжģ֮˵½͢ȼģǼûУʽɽׯڣҲһ
ο࣬ǰޣ书½͢һƴ֮֮䣬۽ȴ
֮ʣԣȱһɡ
һҲѵһϳ˽Լңʱأλߣ뿴㿴ֻϧýͽȻ۸
½͢־磬Ѳ̫ԷʲôоҪʲô֮ȫǸ飬׾豹档
ÿձĽ½͢սʣ˼ģ˹ȥȥ˼Ϸϵ仨
£
ͨܶ飬˵ΪʲôϺܴﵽ㾳磿
½͢ü
ΪĽ޽Уȴн⡣ЦлҲһҹת۾͵˿ҵʮϵı÷ӡ
ĲȪ
һȴԷеЦ⣬ɫ΢벻ƽտ䵭Ե½͢Ҳʱ
һ²ʱݵҲı飬½͢Ȥȴǲȣת˻⡣
ţ΢ͷЩȤ
ŮˣҪοһսΪΣ½͢ȷʵǲףֹб̣ǵԲƼЮȫԼ飬Ļ֮˿ࡣ
룬Цǵ½Ҳǵһڻҡ

 83 

Ů˵ʵȽ֡
һϲˣòԷĻӦѡһĬĬҲ˻˷תͷߣеģҲɻҲñ˵õ
ᣬ˵Ȼúιȥ˱䣬Ǵȥʲô
˳˵ȥ޹ȹŲƯռ½͢˿ֻᣬ̲סͽе˳
˵˼ҲôģһۣҾ֪СѾͷйŹ֣Դ֮һֱ겻ᣬҿɸ㣬ݲðɳӵģ֪˼ֻҲûΪ㿪ѣ
תɽǱµɬ˼ĻȻ֪ģ㣬û˿óҲ룬Ҹľ롭ԴɬЦЦ͸Ұɡ
ģ̾˿ҲֻǲµģҲǶԺιӻзݾڣ˵ֲ÷ڣȥѰ˵㣬úιʤȯա
һͻǣˣʲô㣿
ɼǵʱõħ
ⲻ⣺ȻǵãǺʧûܵӰ졣
ֻҪˣôû˲Ӱ죬ֻ˵ѣǺڶԷʲô㣬ֻпˡԽ߽ԣȥǴǲ׺µĵһɱ֣ʷѪգοɱʲô˰ɡ
ɷګګɱʲôˣɣ
ҲֻϹ£ΪɱˣҲǳ֣Ȼɲסԣҽߣû˵ȥ
Ҳʣ˽˷䣬Ѿھ̨ǰᣬԼеգƷƳ˼
ǰ
عύУٰɡ
ӦһһӣһͷذŪһͷ˿Ϊѡѣһʱž
ͻȻǲҲ̫ˣ
ֶһ£ҡûлȴЦС̷Ȼ֪ĳˣĪڿˡ
ҲĪڲˣҡҡͷ̾˿ôˣҪ᲻
֪˿еָıǺοֻ࣬ȴһū澿Բģֻоš
˭ֵ֪ҶģȻҲмּʶ˵¥ǿ
˵¥µһ¥
ͷ
Ц⵹ɷūˣóɱ¥ȻҲȥ˵¥˫Ȳ㡭
м޷ߣ˵İһְ򣬶֣ܼǰֻԶ¥ʱҲδˡ
һ·ѣֻ书ǿҲнɡƳıӰһֵۣ֪òǴ˳ȥɱιӿʲôϵ
˵֮䣬һͷ˿ѱһƯķ٣˶䣬ͷ𻨹ڣֻ˫ҡζҡҷ㡣
⣬ȴο࣬ԭĴҲһͣվǱæ߹Ϊϡ
λ¥½͢õѡ
ҲΨһɡ
ͻȻ䣬üԼĥһۡ⣬ôˣĲɵģ
źµŮ£ͷҲ̧ˡ
ᵣǵؿ˶Էһۣȴ顣
ˡأûжƽϡ
Ҫ˾ս
ֱе㲻ţץסԷֲϷˣôˣԼһеĳ趼ԴҪˣȴס裬Ҫ֮ڴﵽԷľ磬˺һصңʦţչ
Ǳ̣ʦôᱻƭߣţ½͢书ᰴ´£׷
ʦ֣չ⼸£ʲô֪ˣͬʦܺٺһЦϢˣڰʮ塣
üë૵½͢Ĺ˭ʸ͵
ʦҵ԰ڵĻˣȲӵʦ֣ɼǵúοˣ
һᣬ۾ַֻ֣ɵĺοࣿ
¿ˣд裬ҶҪĥʦͬ⣬ǰȥⳡѵһ˵ҵ书Ҳ棡
ʦ㵸˷쳣ȴֻĬĬţΣһĨЦݡ
Ǹûᡣ
Ҫɱ½͢
ü֮ȴĵЦ⵹ãʱɱ½͢ҵˡ
οĹϵȷѣǵˣйȴ̸ĬֻǺ֣ÿκοϾˣȴ档
ҲΪǹܲκˡ
οƳһۣԼ϶ײԴˣҪôôȱ۵ļһȾơ½͢ˣ¥Ըһˣ
ΪϵľƱϴε飬¡˵ģԽƯŮˣԽϲ˰ɡ˼ĶۣĶڿɵã˷۱ѧѧңزɣŮŮӵĽᣬҲ˵Ŀɰαصһϣ
ο࿴ײǽҲͷİ׳ա¥ϲ㣬ǵ书ԣί㣬תл?
ʱɹЦ
һգ½͢ڱչز򽣷Ī˭Ҳ֪ȥˣƼһ𣬱Ҫ֡
ЩСŮ˵Ǿ޴ģƼҲǵһγˣһЩĶƲۣһֻԼ𣬻Ȼ˺汻ԼӲˡ
ҡҡͷеΣֻνǰĲƼѡ
ֻʵ̫ˣһѿ쿴ǰŮ׺ţҲڹһС֮ˡ
ӣҲ̫ˣرԹ
ȴûг
ӣ֣ΪԼҹ岻ʣǰҪ鿴ȴɫأƺʲô
ٲҴţӵ˰Σȴ˿СȴǴ죬ô˵Ҳɹӽ£ѵдײɡ
ӡڣƽҪڵĻȴںгͻȻɴ۾
ǱһâƿնϢԻȪ⡣

 84 

ǧӰƬƬġ
ӷȴްӰ˻ǡ
һҪתǲֻüгޣǵ⡣
âӰӣȴת˸򣬳ٶȥ
ת֪Էͼ
Լ ȥ٣Ȼ֡
ʹ֪Ҳ޼£ǱȻҪȵġ
ָһӳٿȻӰȥһְȥ
˲˷ٶȱ֮ǰ죬һ̣ƺ϶٣ݡ
Ѷãŵģһɲ֮䣬޷κηӦ
ðǰһϣԽȥͱնϰޡ

书Ŀ࣬ʽ죬ȴ䣬ֻΪñء
ˣǱضɱ֡
ͻȻǰˣΪɱ˶ġ
еĵɱ˵ĵ
ֲһеһҪȥ˴ܣռϷһΪ˸ȥ
ƹٴ
ʱһֻŰ޻٣һֻ־סٵͽס
ؿţ
˫ܶҲԷ̡
ϧܡ
ǵؿڻһĿӣѪ˳¶ٳѪ¡
˿ɼǡ
ֵÿ죬һ޳ԷֻϵģԶֹ˿ˡ
ϢԷĵֱƽѸӰݰϾ϶
ԷٶȾѣȻҲ亱еģҲ޷ˡ
ǵѽüģԷĿĺȷҪ
˵½͢Ľºѩô˵ĵڤܷһС
һ
ܶ
ҲҶԷ
ֻһѣȻѤãҲ۾ĲӰ
ۣߴŵƿ֮
޳

һ죬л߸ߵؾϰգֻ˰ȣֱֱǽͷ΢΢ζ
һµˡ
ԷҲڿ
˵ĳеĵӲ̡
һѪںϣɫԣµȴ˵ϣĿġ
û˵ؿһۣ˼תԾʧ֮С
ٽˣֱˣ¿ߵǰȴ˿ھһʱʧ
֮ϣȾ˰Ѫ¡
ӡ
ẰҶóȻֹѪǵʵ̫ˣһСľпܼơ
û˵
˿̵Ӽž÷·Ҷص
΢һͷ˿Ѫ
ǲ˵ǲ˵
ӣ
֪Լƺء
صÿһҪþȫ
ྭҲһҲ޷𵶡
ͣ
ƾŶϾϤС·صθƿƫţ಻סһͷǰȥ
Ǵˣϵ˺٣˳Ů
ڵ⣬պһ̵ģҪȥιĻ𿡣
ǿһۣһѪӿ˳ȴ絽Ůӵ·ϡ
һţϽסߡ
׺еĵһɱҲ˳ǱɱǸˣǻ
½͢꽣ԡ£Ȼңһ顣
ĪЩ
ƼųȥˣҲûֹ
˸ãȴԷ
οʵҲ˵
˰ҳ黹Ǻϣſڡ
ƿţͿƼѰʧǵվԺ䣬ſڣ
ˡ
һ·Сܽġ
˳ȥȴŻ˶һ
ƼڽϸɢˣԷⲻҲˣȻ
ϲܹḻˣڿʱҲɷһ
ٰԼҹӷʱѾȾһƬ
ȫѪ
½͢ϵʱ򣬼ľһ
ϲܹܵѨֹѪҩҪ¡
һԾδ߬˵ɶһ仰Ҳ˵
½͢ӹϲܹе
ȴŴ̹ǵıɱ⡣
˵ɫҰף͸·ϵѪӳ£
½͢ǵһμ˵֮أУǴλɽ֮սˣҲԶԶȲϽ졣
ĵ˵ʲôܣֻһ˿һ˿ֻ֣ⷺؾסսоۡ
Ը
ԸԼˡ
Сĵɱ¾ˣ½ִ͢ޣ˿΢
뻷ڻУƵסıעȥ
أһֻͻȻס
㡭սҪ˵óҶ½͢ȴ˼
ʮǾս֮գοʵ֮£ʱ˷ڸԷʤ㡣
ȻˣҪ
½͢˶Ըоǹ⣬Ҳɶ˶
ȴЦֻЦ
һڣѪ
ܴۣ˵
ϵƺůһֱԴԴϵع塣
ˣҩҩ˿ڣʩ
˯٣ΪҩЧԵʣʱ˹ûһֻ˯ȥҲָòǵǵ˿ڽϣֻȴôá
½͢һֱߣÿۣձʱӳߡ
Ƭ̲롣
ĳ˵ĿʵҲﵽˡ
ʱʮ壬졣

 85 

ʮ塣
˪ǧԹԲ
ɽ¾ӪСܶˣϵéݣ֪˼ˡ
ʱԷյɽϿһμɸ˵ɽˮܺãɽ¿һᷢƵġ
ЩԷӪɽ´һСʮһգ겻׺
ӣҲСæСţһŸӣʹһ𣬰Ѳú
Ҳһγߣɽˮһֱ٣˴꣬Ĳһֱû
ͷɺڱɻףִӻױףϢˣٹܲ£ӴÿͰڲԱߣɹ̫Ȳ裬ޱȡ
ʮ꣬ԾѾܶˣҲû档
շ½½ɽЯȥǡ
ˣѲɰʮ壬Ҷɽȥˣ
ô룬ҲóȻȥʣ˶˲ȻãﲻϢһգ˭֪øࡣ
ӲŶʮͷǵӪͣ˺ȻҲǿЩЩ·ЪźȲ裬Ӿ͸˼Ҵϻˡ
һ֮²֪ԭ׼ɽϴܣЩ˸鶼ȥֵġ
ܾʹܣﻹܵɽȥ˵ʲôÿģʱ֪ʯͷСǴ˶ټܡ
ֹţɹ̫ͣѾʺϿЩɱɱˡ
˵ûȺȲá
ʣëӣв輸ģһӦȫĻĽ󣬻ݡ
ˣûҲȥ˰ΪһĲǣ书Ҳˣɼһΰɱжҡ
ˣ½͢ض˵ҪΪˡ
οɲǰèĸ֣һ˼ʤ㡣
ο಻շпת⡣
ǳɫÿ
οһ磬Ҳû˵
ɡڣᣬȴƤûһ¡
°ں²
߬ȹǵֽ˽
ԴӺο֪֮󣬱һֱˡ
벻ףԼݣĵ㲻úοදģο֮ǰҲйһξ飬޷ϣοվߣڼ档
ʲôˣ
ţɫҲ
һ·޻
ڹٵϣһ
뿿ڳڣɫѲ֮ǰ԰ףȻɫЩȴ޴ˡ
һָֻĶͷ
޷ۣԱߵˣЦһ¡
½͢ƿ֣βŵ㲻
Цսضʾףܴ
ڽţ޷򣬹ͣһУȴʵĻϡ
½͢οĸֶţֻʮһƴҲҪ֡
ǰĪ˭ʹ½͢һ⡣
ο࣬ʤ֮Σ
½͢ѡ
ˣȻҪ۳ңԽɫ
˴ģ˩ɽţͽɽ
˾Ҳڹսɽ֮ҲԼһ֮²֪͵ˡ
ԭҲ֪ʱŽ˹ս࣬صվ׮
Ǻ󻰡
Ƕû뵽ǣġ
ɽߣǶƽ±̤һ˳ɽ
ʱ磬ɽͷѾ˲ˣҶȣҵȵõҲ㲻ͣ²ģս
ʱһУһ
³Ǻοࡣ
֣ƺӣ£вϵǷ׷ǰѡ
οЦݲ࣬ȴҲûʧվһɣòδŮ˫ա
ȴû³һֱ档
½͢Ҳġ
ȻΪǨƳ˵Ҳûʲôν
½͢¶٣˰Ƕӣû֪ʲô
˶ÿա
Ĵţе˵һ߻ħòɲ¶棬˵˳ߣ£⣬ع
ЩԶһ̱ˡ
Ǻÿѡ
ȺÿҪһ㡣
òԣ֮ȵģҲ٣ƣֻ޼
վȻһ
֮ˡ
Уֻܸĸ֡

 86 

濴
ҹȥֻԶԶš
˵½͢ڣһˣҲԲ
ɫЩ԰ףһ££͸һ㣬濴Щˣ漴ԿЦҲԼʲôħϣΪʲôһˣҲƲۡ
Ͱ͵ܹҲΪ˿½ζ֮սֻΪ˿ǲ
ԭżһ۾ͺãˣȴһֻצţƽ¡
ֻ½͢ڣԼûʲôԵˡ
س̾Ǹɥģ˵衣
ǵעĿ
οõǽ
½͢Ȼ
ƽҲʲôʱԼĶ棬ƽѵһĶֿ֣ȭδҲдˡ
ȻǺý棬һˮ
ΧΣ͵žһս֡
߶עҲѾˣĺοӮҪԶ½͢˭·ҲĶ֣½ֻ֪͢书ߣȴ֪ߵʲôز
ֱǽʷһľ֡
ʵӣǶľ֣עûУ
ԼҲЩ˽ǮȥѺĪ˭һѺĵȻ½͢
Ц
οЩ΢ϸȻһЦ齣ʣһӣƣ˱ºƮ˾
콣Ӱ޵½͢Ҳֻǽ岻ߣһˣ֦֮гӰĿ϶һ̱ӣȵȴ
˳˫˫һƬֲһ
סֻһһ࣬ӰɣѤĳ磬˵ı߸ռϷ硣
书ѷһЩģȴֻۻңͷͶѡ
һսʼˡ
ڳУ΢΢һǡ
սҲ
˵һʤ
ϣοӮֺԼֻЩѵֲӽһһԼߣΩԼǶõˡ
˼ǰ˰ֹνΣʱٶ飬Ǻգεȿ⣬ֻϧôȥûڼ֮С
ţֻܡ
ο书һӿţҲһɷ裬׽͸
½͢ߵǵķС޵徲ΪеУ׾
бϽֹһΣʱһƣһֻΪʱ䣬㶼ûʹʵһսȴǡǵϡ
֣ţҲûн죬Ҳʱύ֡
ȣоΪУ񲻿գ
֮ҶӾǶ䣬ֻͺͺ֦
ת֮䣬ѽʮС
ѽѷ֣Ϣ
οüһ⳯Է̵ȥ½͢ɫ䣬ֱȡԷؿڡ
ο࿱ԷĽȻһת½ֽ͢󣬶Էܣһ¶ȥ
ֻ̤֦ϣ䵱ɵݣֻƮ죬ӸǾϾ϶Ƭ֮䣬⽻Ȼ졣
Ƭ̣˴ϣۼһһ˳ֽȥһأһﱻһΡ
οһЦ½֮Ȼ鴫
½͢
һͷˮ
򲻴ˣ
Ⲣң͸֦Ҷϣ˵ů͡
΢½Ǿ㶼Χȴĵģûһ˳
꣬½͢һ̶ֱԷüġ
һЩſףԭ֮ǰǽ
ֻڵȴѰҡ
ѰҶԷ
վȺ֮С
ûиһ𣬶ԼѰ˴۵ĵطȺ֮С
ɵҲսֻΪʧˣ⡣
˼ѷֵӰüͷ΢΢еԥе㲻ʡ
Σ¶ģ˸գʹƵĶˡ
Ƕؼ׼ͷ
û뵽⵱ͷȻ͵ϮؿͶˡ
½֮սֶԾݷģȻ֪ʲô£ȴϾȥ
Ӽȥȴڿӽ˵ʱʲôС
һձ죬ĽŨŨʯζ
ս˾㶼ɫ䣬ȻɢвϸһЩ˵ϣССȼա
һԣǲӰ죬ǴǶȴѪ
˫ȴ򷽲ӼȺ
յĿ⣬ƶۻһţæƿߡ
Χ˺ܶ࣬ݻᱻ֣ȴվ顣
Լɳ˼Ī˵ԼҲ飬Ǳʦ֪ˣֻֻб³
صѰ˶ĵطŻˮ㡣
ͷ㷣ѣȴΪû˵½͢ޡ
뵽ղʧ֮һƳ㲻ٰˡ
Ǳ߳ýԶҪȥȱȻۼƽϢ˿
ڳ˼죬һ㡣
½͢ǿüĿһ
ο׼ᣬнãĪ⣬δԷκλᡣ
ģ㶼С
ཻ֣ʽ˸ ͣ˷ССɧңרĿ⾫ʾ׵һս
ʱһһεعȥǳӰδйֵͣʱ
˹ѽİ٣ʤ֮֡
һЩǰҲ̲ס΢ݡ
ȥֻ²һܾˡ
˵Ӱ֣Ҳ޷Ρ
ֻŽݺᣬ
ֹ
Ӱʧ
˸һξ룬վš
οֱۡͷһ˿ڣѪȴ⡣
½ֽ͢ŵϣѪ˳ָܴŽϡ
Σο΢΢һսΣ
½֣͢ʹ졣
οЦЦ쿪Ƭ̣Цֹɨһֿۣ˿Ķ֣̾һ
Ľǡ
˵תһס
δοߣ㵣̶ܻ
ɣ
οһۣĮȻתͷ棺Ƿ顣
ЦУ۽ƳԶžͺá
Լ˼ȥúοƴȥ½͢ϸߵͣǷԼ飬ԺԼȥ͵㣬ֻúοǰȥ½͢Լɡ
кοڣºҲ׷ɱ
һá
ȫԼʦĹǻңǲҪ?
οྐྵûһ㣬ȥ
ݲ԰Σĵһ䣺׺ŲԸ˽˶Թ뱱̡¥Թ϶ѽֵĶ赹ԡ
󾪣ŭûҵ˭Ҵӿ͵
ؿǿŮкĸ
׺鼰ɹ£֮ͽҲ֮һ
˶ѡ
ɫҰܣֻοͷҲأһսǻ֣Դ֮ɡ
ţҪ׷ȥʸӳî
ѩ׵ĹȹƮȻɡ
ֻǾˣǣȴòµ顣
½͢Žο׿ȴǳų
߽΢ָԼЦ
Ĳͬ࣬ñҪɱҲɣ
½͢
ֻʹ̣ɾһˡ
½͢ûǰվͷһԼֽȻϡ
ҲɱŮˣ书Ǿ档
½͢˵գתߣȥ
ͷһȻڵϡ
ؿһĻڳһ㷴Ӧ
ӣ½Ӯ䣿
죬ƮƮһ䣺;֣ׯͨɱ
;֣
;֡
;֣
ãȻ㶣
ٰǶעأ
һЦ
ڴս֮ǰڽɢϢ¶ľ֣˷Ԥϡ
ν˵ıԡ
̡̣

ȫգзһ򣬴зոϲͬѧԼȴ


ǡ

Ϊķܲ˶ῴԺǾд

Ĺ£ΪֹһνʣһζԹ޲ɢϯ¥½ͬ־ȴЦڽֻǣߵļ¼Ҳ͵ѣϸš
зһ򣬴зոϲͬѧԼȴ


һˣڴҵ֧붽٣ǰ졷һģ0507꣬ʱ⣬˶ɢˣ񽭺پۣʵ¡


ǻԼҲôţͲٶˣԵʻᣬȻ⼸ڣһֱȥдȻˡ㡷ͷôһȥеĹ¶ֳ֮ǰظһ仰дYYҿҲYY˴˸˾ͺá


ҪģִֵģҲ͸¶ȤͬѧԵȿӿ֮


ǣټ^_^


⡤

Ԫ976꣬εڶλʵԹǻ̫ƽ˹
ţγ˰ٶʢٵĻĻƼɹһֱǧ˸˸ǣΪ
Ԫ977ʮ塣
ϵǻĵڶͷҲǻ֮ĵһԪѽڡ
һֵɫĻƣͬ磬ͨ͸һֱյÿ˵ļ䡣
꾩з·еŮŮ㳲͵ƹ£ĻգߵﶼȺߵﶼܿЦ
һֱԼʱ֤˵ȽȽ𣬸Ƿĳ¡
Цʲôʵ
Ϊ̫ƽȮĪΪˣЦԼʮ꣬û̫ʵ޲ۼʱ򡣡
αŻУһǰһֵȺȴۡ
δŮ׷׳½͢ͶȥȴӶ
ʮָ꣬һգ˵ɫ
½͢һֱã㲻УҲƾԼһƬҵ
¥õ֤
һʵί
Цġ
ٻҲڲࡣ
Էû˵ȴȾЦ⡣
˼֣ǰмС̯ӣ߹ȥϰҪ뻨Բ
ŴİԲҧһ룬ڵĻζ
ԲģҲġ
Բ̵ϰرã˷ϲ¾ˬЦøշƵġ
̧ۣ·Ůжһֽϲ󣬻˼
һЦһҲȥǩɡ
ʲôʱˣ
ô˵ȴ޷ҪȥժֻҲ˵
һЦӦ
Բ꣬ȥ
ԪƽŮ˽ӣȻ࣬ףæŸŮǩæòֺ
ֻǩǰ޳𪣬˵֣ȴѰŮҪƯࡣ
̧ͷһۡ
Լ꣬ٿ˳ɫˣֻüĿ䣬͡
ǩġ˵ȴһˣľƵϣЦݣǱҪöࡣ
Է˰ʱüЦ
չǩϸһ
ѬȻ仨ε١
Ҳ֪⣬ɳʼ
ǩĵϵ˼ЩĪЩרŽǩģѧ峵Ҳѽ⡣
ףĿǩǰϡ
֪λǩ
λԿɣ˵ա
нԿɵģѵ˻Ȣһ޲ɣ
ףֹЦǩм˳Ȼ½ֻ밲Уýףżɣϲϲ
˳Ҳ಻סЦֱ
ýףýס֪˵㣬ңձ׼Ƹñ˽ȵǣ
½͢ҲЦȴǲֻȥϵ
Ц֮ˣһЦȴƿ£쳣ˡ
Ķ˱ɰţ˵ڶԷһӡ
ϼ֤Ҳ˽˰ա
ЦŶԷ»ǹ·ȫĿС
½͢һЦ֪˸ĺ߳˵βָϵϡ
ͷֲˡ
ΣЦ˳ߣ
úܣȥǩʱһ
ǰһСӣ꾩ϲѻƷ˺ӣԸ˳¡
Դ˺ֳԪӡ
ӱɳһƬϸƽ̹ľʢϤ죬ĻļѴ
˱߱ģһԺ棬е죬䲻°ͱϱһƬഥ
˫Ŀԣӳߵһ˫ƽղͬڡ
һ˿ѹֵ
˵Ĵ˵ĸоȻͬ
ůҹ
࣬ϸϸǴΣʪ˱˴˵Ĵ꣬дϢʱ˿أֱ롣
ͷſǻÿһˢʱңʱᣬģ¡ĶƻŶԷ裬ࡣ
½󱻳ƤӴ˲䣬һƬƤ漴ȵĴƽ
֮
  ศɡ
ⲻʱ·ϡ
û˻뵽Ժ澹ǴɫһƬ
Ϊɵ˴˶ѹŴϢȴƺĵͷͻӴ
·Ҫ
½߳ڰƽȴӡһۡ
ͬġ
ͬ
ͷסԷ
һ£ǰͷ΢΢𣬴ϸ΢ѹ֣˫ְļ
𡭡
ƵԿ³ȴһ顣
̲סøЩͷţģ˼ֵս
ѧ⹦򣿡
ЩɻԴ˵ĶһŽڼֵ۷޷˼
ǫĴӡ
˳Щջش⣬ͷŪ
Ǽһ
Цãϸ룬漴Էһĳ١
ָմǰʪҺƵ棬󻬣Щ ϡ
˱ǵһˣҹȴЩ⡣
ֵطй֮£˵糣ǲܵġ
Щ
ҧŶ䣬͵˵һԸо˵彩һ¡
üٶ
޷
˴˽صĵطҲ˴ŶԷĻͬһ塣
ɶЩԭʹľ
·ľ׮Шţȹ̵ڳ鶯ţҪԼӡǣ顣
ǰͬͬɫײһһѣɣԴֲڵĴУ屻̵Ŀأо
ץĴָסˣҺ¶ȴͣһһ£ײ
ͷŵʹࡣ
ݺݳӯŵ壬ײе㡣
Ľڣʹš
ٵĴϢ໥һ̣·˴˶ӵжԷȫ壬ް롣
㡭
еܲסƽյźǺ֮
ڶԷֻǸ˴˿̵ұ
鶯ٶЩֻ弸ҪײɢܣҲס΢΢
Էһ٣ſǯ֡
һӣͬʱҲͷԼ
˽ãָĦɵĵ˺ۣо⣬Ŀȴϲġ
ֻýգܸˣƲס
ţҲˡݸһЦ¶ɢĺϵϡ
ˣһһˡ

лҪ˵
ȫᣬΪһӻܿ¿~~

ϲĸǸצɣллһӣɽģˮܼ \(^o^)/




ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴȫתԻ֧棬ȨУ