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ߣκС

001

ǹˣϽգ
֪ĸۼĺһɤӣְ̯ӵС·ӾʰɾˣԼ϶ģŰ״ģ֮ǣû˰̯
ϧɽǵһγ̯ûѧ۹·˷ֽշ磬Բģһǹܴվǰ
ɲ̧ͷæҵװԼĶվǰһȥɵװˣԷҲûκζ
֣׳ŵ̧ͷվŵǸ˼СӣЦǺǵĿϿЩŷɥĳǹܴ֮
İɣŶԷ˿ڡ
ĵͷƣѵǲģŻô
⼸м飬ŵ֮ǰڡ˵תˡ
ˣ
ţиĵͬйҶӣ˿ɺˣնЩˣ
ҶӣǶӳôǶӳˣãĽһɲĥǸʱ»Ƕߵǰȡȡɡ
֪ϿţԱ߼㱲ĵҲ⴫ھ飬ļɷǧǣסҲ̫ܵϵʱԴλװļһʲôôʱʰ·廨šֻһڣҶӣܣһҪӣҶù
һһԺԼ͵·ϻˣС±ɣǱŪ׵ġ
ڶ죬ѾĽ̵µİƤĽǷۣһжĽǾܣõĶ
һȥΧ뷴Χ˵ĹУɸ˻ˣм֪һ˲ףҲչ
֮ϳ̯Ϊǰʱ俴飬߿Ϊ¶񣬷ûǮٸһ꣬ԸɴѡԿ·ӡΪԼͰСϳ̯˲һټʮ龻
˱ѺһٷƽʱûʲôӵҲ׾ݣżͷʳָΧսѡ
ƽʱҪͻϮ÷ɷѾ˭ֶ˴һקˣɽ첻һ̫ͻȻƴԱ߶ϸһɤӡѾǰ
ϴҶƱ˶ҪҲܱץסץסͿˡ
ƫƫ֣ԼĶȴۼΧһԼ˶ûˣӭųǹܾͳ˹ȥг忪һѪ·˼
ȥһס
һƷӣ۶̧î˾
ԷҲƲһʹ˷ɽŵС˳ƵһǡҹƬҲˣͷһؼģ˵һɵĶһء
ɸϽ񣬶ԷȴýŲס
֪ΪԷԵĶΪԼѪộŭˣһ˶ԷǸӣԷһ˵ϡ
µΧ߷кһ³˽㣬ȴֻܵͷԼĶ
ʱһֻʶŶһš
ԲҵĶԱǸ
Ҷӣϵ̧ͷȻ
ɡҶԶ𷽳ɣﻹŸղű˵ǸСżǮ
ʮ塣ԣɻʵˡ
ҶԶǮˡ
УװʲôӣΧȺһ䣬֪治ƽǽйߡ
ҶԶûˣﲻܣԸҶԶղ˱
ҪϲߣǵĻңһȥϴϴԼҲ˷ѡҲԸⱻҶԶ
ûͦġȻٸɻᣬҶԶǮСżСˣҲ˳˸µĶԱ

002

Χ۵ɢˣɻԭأ˵δеӻ̫תҶԶҶԶôⷢӣһ̫˰
֪ԼҲûʲôΪ˼ҵĵʸ񣬱Ƕϵˡ
βСɧĽǰհ̯ûʲô˵ʱӢȫȻҪԷ;ԼʱҲ鷳
ͣһӣаû˹ǣֵɣȴԼò
û죬Ĳ֤ʵҶԶƽƬ˵ߵ¶ͦ׿İɡ
ûʱҶԶĵ׸ԼжϵΪǵӱǰѹˣʱһĵСԼ´
Ʋ˿ʼתսλͽԣȻطʧȥ˰̯壬ǻתأģɢ֣ҲŻ˵طȴÿ컹Ҫȥ
Ҳ֪ԼÿȥһΪʲôֱ
ˡ
ҶԶ
ɾ˿ˡ
ô忴Ż治ϰߡ
̫һתˡ
Ƭ
ЩĿҶԶ
ɱᣡҶԶϽ֣ҲǴ̽飬ԺҲ㡣
ңɺͿˡ
ţ׼

ڸôûԵĻҸطһ߳һĳôҶԶŶӣȻǶˡ
ɾãװҶԶڼҴƵģȻƷʱҲչǣ¸׽˵һҸжûˡ
·ߵСҶԶ÷ɵˣշҪسҶԶҪһһһ׷
룬ȴֻͷĳҶԶˣһ̻֮ͨŷ֣㵹ǳԲ˰˵С
ˣҡѾ֧ˡһһͷͽģĳǮ
ҶԶסȻͷǷķһ£⺢ӵ׾ʲô㣬Ȼ͡ԹԵĸɼ˰ӲˣҶԶ⣬СԼģ
šɵͷ
˲𰡣ֻڵ̯̫˷ˡ
ллô˵ɱҶԶһ죬ҰֻŵʱҹĵЩ˵үǶĶиߴ򽻵ģҪ֪ڿЩԷ֪Խ˵ɵɫԽ
Լɼʲô¶֪ôοҶԶֻʵҾ˵ֻһ̫ˣûǿꣿ
һûʱ䶢ûգҲǱʿ
ҪŵùңҰҶԶӹԼܰ﷽ɣԭ⺢һ˱ô࣬Ȼ֪ԼֻһЩƤë

003

ɾ⣬˵ԼͦԸҶԶӴģ治죬ҡͷҲ鷳
鷳תְˣǶŵԣǰңҴнѳ
ʱҪǱ˷ֶ㲻áɺܸлҶԶģֻĲٸ¶ˡ
ҶԶҲûϾҪ𸴣аɣҲǿǣô·СӦͦгġ
ٷҪ˵һû۶ƭˣϣȷʵӸɣ¿Ѿٽˣȹ⼸˵
ҲΪԣɶ̯ˣͷ˲ųڰڣܽ;ͼоϰ
ҶԶ֪ż춼ûɣﲻ̤ʵȴֻڽϹתƣһûС
°׵㣬˵Ƿڡ
ҶԶһСܹȥɳˣ
ΪƷһܵˢˢ˶Ҫܡ
ҶԶһסң
ſ˭˿Ҷӡ
ҶԶҶԶǿһԼ֡
Ҷ磬ô𣿡ɾֱʣдԵס
Уңصļԣw w w.27t x t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ
ɡ
ҽСɰɣŽҽܡҲ֪Ϊ֪Է˻Ϊ֪֣ҶԶͦ֡
ɿҶԶĪҲЦ
⼸ôûܹɵЦ¶
ڼҸϰ
ʲôԣûܰæģ
ԿҸ߿ˣòܾôķȥ˵ʶĵͷ
ҶԶ򣬡гϢԿأǽôֳˣ
϶ٶˡɲ˼ͷ
ҶԶȴһСɣðһ䣬һˣ
ţԼҲԼɲ˵¶ѵԸǴڱͬλá
ҶԶóҪǿҲΪע⵽⺢ӵģԼôӺ֣
Ҷ磿ΪԼĻ䳡ˣе֪롣
ޡҶԶعȴ֪ô˵
ʱһСӣԥŹǿϷɵСˡһȦǴչôʵķɣȴҶԶ
Сͳǹ̫ܵСɻ
ҶԶϽÿɶʣʮ
ܱܲ˵㣿Сһĺϲ
ɶϲģҲƽ϶༸ټ飬ĻͶʮɡ
СʹʹǮʵǸʽɣ
ҶԶ⣬ô죡

004

Сɣһе£ߣԼעŵжϽ֪𣿡ҶԶ㣬ֲķɣȻһִˣĶõ·ܾͱ¸š
һ⻰ˣҶ磬ĻñԼë˰ɣĶгǹܶССĵģ
ô˵ģǳǹ͹ˣѧð
ʵҶԶҲ֪ԼƤվభ£Ҫôʹ졣
ƷһߣˣѧС°Ĵɰϵֶһ޶СȻ
ֻĲֹ·ˣҲҶԶͬ¡
ҶԶĵӦˣͻ顣ɻûһܺõϲлعֱ˸šûɣ¶СͬһٸҶԶ鷳ʣµĶûˣϧϧȨҲˡ
һϵˣŵһܵĿҪһҲͲ̯ˣҶԶǿ˰ȥԼȥ᲻׵ȣ
ڶӣ룬Ƿ˿ڶȻˡ
ʲôû·߻εţԭĵǹѲ鳵ʱ򣬿ôС
ţһܹСɣʣ϶ҶԶ
Ҷ硣룬ԼǶˡ
ҶԶŷתһȦôˣ
ţ벻⼸Ҳ̫й¶
ô
ҡ뷽ɻʵʵ˵
شٳҶԶϣİôһ˵Ҿܳ
ҡͷĶôˡ
ˣ㣡ҶԶݸһСӡ
ʲôɽӹ򿪣ôȻԼܵʱµǼ
İɣ˿϶
ǣôǣ
٣۶ϰ࿴һŮͬϰһ;òԾһģҾ͸Ҫ˳Ҳջˡ
Ҷ磬ôãĵĸмҶԶԼܲ
ҶԶˣûΪʲôһ۾;⺢йӲһľ;ԼӦþܵİһѣ;Ȼˣ⻹ˣҪ˵ʲôΪҾ;Ӧôɣǲǲţ
ЦˣҶ˼Ȼҡҡͷš

005

ôһֲҪҶԶöˣ⺢ӻǶЦЦã
Ҷ磿ҶԶûɽ
Ŷԣ㻹æŸϰذɣذɡʵҶԶҲ֪ԼҪ˵ʲô
ţҪҪȥɾãֻͷ̫鷳ˣԼǵطҲûˣҪҶԶ¶ֱܷ㡣
ҶԶ۾ɵϴ󣬡㡭ǡ㲻ǻˣ
طɶֳˣҶ磬Ҫǻˣһ治ʶʲôˡ
ǧôңһҿɾ档ҶԶе˼ˡ
ɼòԶҲһӣǸСĲ¥¶ʽǺľ¥ˡ
ס㣬ʮƽҵңԴŵ俴ɸɾûʲô裬ųɾʮȷֲһŰڡ
Ҷ磬ɣҸ㵹ˮָָݵɳ˵ɳҲˣ߰ʮľ֣һԣмиС輸ҶԶǵԼСʱѼҼ
æҾŶסҶԶ÷¸䣬ԼҶš
ʲôûУ߰ɡԼż⣬ԼǰӲҴˣסôͰҶأ
ǣʲôҶԶŷӦϽͣҲԸ㵽˻æҪԼˮȲ͵ˡ
ǣǱ߹ָָ̨ĸߵ͹ǲ̲豭滹ſϴĺܸɾС־
Ǵӵĸɾ̶Ȼľó˵ģҶԶܣЩҾ߶Сʱ̼ѼҼģǻΪɲӣɼʲôµĶɲԸԼ¶ֻ򵥵˵һˣڿǰһˣҲԸԣԵ
ҶԶΪžܣ治Ը⿴ΪʡǮóԲúȣСɣԺѿڶҶԶʱסڣ˵ôУ˵ġ
û塪ʻȥȻ塣
˵ԺҪǲǵȸ绰ܸܲҺ룿ҶԶӲһ䡣
ɣû绰ȥ̯Ӧöڼҡ
ҶԶԼ͡
ŶҾͷˣܲҲι۲ι㹤ĵطôЩϲСġٴβ⣬ҶԶɳվסˡ
ɵûʲôͷе˼˵ңɱ
п㿴ݾ֪ʲôˣҲܱһҡ
ҡͷҶˣ̫ܸ˽Ŀˡ

006

ɽ˸ݣȷʵȴö࣬ôҲҹҲϱ߶
һܣһ̨ʮĵԣһһСľ䣬ԱǸСʡ
̨ԹСʷϢĵԺ͵⣬ûһĶҶԶȻ뵽һ⣬Сɣѵַģǵ綯Ļʽ̤ģһȷʵû֡
šɵĻش·˵Ȼġ
Ҿȴè󣡡ܣ˵кŮҲǷëǰɣ
ʲôܰСǿģҵϣѧҰһֵĺľء
ŴãҪңʲôŪ˻Ǻһֵġ
֪ǲΪᵽ˫ףһʱҶԶرʵ׳ʲô£ΪģֻΪ֪Ժ˵ʲô˵ʲôʲڡ
ôţ˶ĬˣǷȿڣЦ˵Ҷ磬ϰԼ˵ıֱƵġ
СɣЦͱЦ㶼һˣܲ΢İҵԼһҶԶ治Ը⿴
ûСɼϰԵķϣɹһҶ磬Ը˵Ǽҵ¶˵ûҲУұûš
ҶԶɣ˵ʲôС
ǼһֱԣҰ趼ڿˣСҲͦĵġֻ岻ãҩʲôĿСײ˸ҽĺˣҰرˣɻͷҲ˵࣬˵ǮϴѧãһھһԽԽáʱҰֹҪõһͬߥҰֲμϢܸߵ伯ʣһϰĶʲôȻŵĹ˽ܵģܶϢͰѻóô˭϶ǱƭˣҰͬȻҲܺˣôΪȫҳԲϷҰ־ȥȽҲãʱ˭˱Ҳô죿ҲأɵһΪ岻ˣҰΪλҲ¸ˡ¸¸ڰɣôϵǮɳ˵ûǮһһһȻûҰֵķݶһ꣬ůѶϡ
ɶ˶٣ŬԼҶԶʲô˵ֻŷɵ֣ס
ҲûԹ˭˵ûů¯һҰۼ˸ʮƵģҲΪż˲ϸ˰ǶɵĻʲôﲻϣţֻҪҿϴѧͲһǮұҵһܸƼˡҲ˵ǾָˡûָϡһͻȻ罵ر䣬ʱû̴ʲôģҴѧУȻů͵ģҰһڴϣһɳϡ¯ůůͣô˯ˣҲûѹ绹ؼҳԵķһûûˣ
ȫˮҶԶҲȫˮ

007

û˵Щʧȥ˵ʹڣôйٲԼﵽҪըһʹҶҶ磬ôˣ˵ллҶԶ˵ЩȴҶԶԼҡ
ҶԶһ§ɣСɣԺҶҲܸ㶥һʲôһӲв
Ҷ磬лл㣬ͦõġҶԶĻԼûʸԴһ֮󣬷ԸǲΪκ˵ĸ
ҶԶΪǴӦˣɿˣˣ⼸Ҫϰɣ
š
֮ǰǴӶңһؼҾ͹ȥҶԶϼţô˻ᣬ¶
治ˣʲôģ绰ûУġ
һʼ˵Ұ𣿡
ɡ
˵꣬㲻ҵ˿ұ֤ϰԺúùϣ쵼ڴСϱ°ԺҪ˳㣬û˰ɣҶԶȰ뵽÷ҡͷĿܶԼ˵Բˡ
°໹Լ¶ء
ûʲô¶ûҾһլô
ɻҡͷҲУûôİ
ʲôûҲ𣿡ҶԶɻͦš
Ҳ
Ȳһ䣬Ϸɣǧ˵ʲôҲ׸֮İ̫ˡ
仰÷ûˣȻĲҶԶһ鷳ΪԼֵļᡣ
ǡֻ˳㡣
ұ֤ҶԶóǼơ
ЦˣҶԶ˿Сɣʺ϶ЦЦ
ҶԶôһ˵ɲ֪ôӣܵ˵ԼĸܣЦҲܺÿ
ҶԶһֻˣİǰ˵Цûûˣͷһ˿ÿأ
ģǿҶôûûεˣ
ţ˵ҾţԺ˰ô˵ô˵ȥ
˵˻ҶԶŵˣСɣȻˣִ㸴ϰ˰ɣ
ûУһһſʼ飬
ɱ˯ҪҪ֪𣿰ҹǺϰߣ
šɵͷӦţ˭ҪҶԶ׵ܵһرҸɣõĸ簡
ҶԶĥţȻӦ˵ҹʮа˾ҪģҪһ͸㣿ܺùһ֮ҪŶӻպϺЩ
ãôɡ

008

ӷɼҳҶԶûϻؼңȥ˱ǶҵֶŮ궼ϸˣĿڵĺܲܳΪĶҪȺ
óֶŮ۷Ź⣬С壬ⶼĶģڵû
һѵģҴϰ
ģɴѧУɡСѾͷͦ
ãͬѧ֮ǣǮʣͬѧȷʵϲͰַǺˡ
ѽС壬û뵽㻹ͦġ
ûûСԼһɡҶԶС̴ȷʵ
˹˲ţĶҵأֶŮ̵ҶԶû˵˼ԼģҪСѾͷұԼȥ
߳˶裬ؼҾѳвμӿӰСʱıʼǶˣǶȫλչƷ
ŪŪȥͿʮˣƽʱӻҵɨأôԼݾûҶԶ費ģҶԶ˵ˣԼ㻹ģ㵱û̵ĺӰϰȥ
Ķ˯žͷ˯ˣҶԶ϶ݣͼӶŵ԰ŪһޱȿɰСƬ
СԶô˯ǲǸŮذ˾Լ²İ˾ŲʮСﲻϲô
ҶԶһûʹؿڣ裬ˣ
̫̫ҲӱԹԹԵ˵òıı
Ӿ翴˰ɣʲôأ
ǣǲ˼
ǲǣǰһѣϹ룬ҪȻʧĻҶԶƣͷʢϱϵദôԼôһ꣬ôƣ
ϣҶ赹Ҳûٶ˵ʱˣϽ˯ɣҪ
ţ˯Ŷˣ裬ȥ㣬Ūˡ
֪ˡҶȥҶԶʱȷʵ磬컹ñƽʱͼƬʲôҲŪˣãػ
ڶһ磬ҶԶˣбҵܾ֮ûôˣϴϣûĳ˼ţҪֵʳ
¥µ̯һͨ棬ѡ˼ⶫһ˶ܳԣҲô
׼һңҶԶŷɼҵķˡ
¥£ߵһ̣ҶԶеԥһûأԼⲻ˳˵ģһҪһû˯϶Ŷء
Ȩһ£¥ţûõžͿˣǣ϶ǵڶֿܡ

009

Ҷ磿ôҲû뵽һſڵĻҶԶ
һްɣҶԶһѾ֪ı鿴ŷɡ
˯һ
ŶʮӣСʱ
ҡɸѧƵģֲ֪Ӻ˵
ˣҲ϶㲻ô˯ģţԱһϲ˯Ҳ˯Ҳܲˣݸɡ
ѵרš
˳㣡ûҲûأҶԶ˻ԼǷݣȻ·ʮ˳Ļˣ԰ɣ
š
У㿼̫ƴ֪𣿡
ҶԶ͸Ƶģˡ
ſһͻȻȦˣ߬ϴ
ҶԶأ˵ûȥҷɣɴӵڶ쿪ʼÿ췽ɶԼŰϿһͣû
ò£һҶԶģɼллû˵Ϊ⣬һһ磬ûС
ȻҶԶ϶˷ɻʱҪ磬ȫûйɡ
ôţ͵͵Ӱĸ췹ҶԶĳˣǿԵӣ÷̤̤ʵʵĽ
ߵ㣬׼ʱš
ɼϵĿţҶ磡һ֣ڿ¶ˣĸӱ顣
ҶԶûԣԱȥһ׼£
ݣǸǲǿң
ҸҪ㣿Լ
仰˵ϣҧ촽˶ҲԼÿ
ҶԶŲζСɣһˣԲ֧һ趼Ϊаˡ
Ϊʲô
Ӳ˵ΪʲôҲ˵壬ԵְɣҲҿ϶첻͵ҹ񫡣
ҶԶĻҲоĳҶԶָ߸ϵʩᣬɣܾòʵ
㲻Ҿ͵ϿҵĻ˰Ͻ㣬ڵڣȥ㡣
ǿԣȻڸղһ˲ȫ¶һ࣬Կ˵ҪĴڣҶԶ̶ֵ̼ڣȻѾҪȡ֮ˡ
ӹҶԶͣˣҿһٷְ
٣òͷôҿԶģȻܹҲûְɡ
ҶԶĻ÷ÿοԣҲ׼һ˿ģů

010

˵뿼ԣòԶһ㹻Ϊ˱գʮְ˵㣬˳ҶԶָָǰ
ȥˡɾʵûҪ
ǿͿ˵ˣһƲǰСʱ볡ҿ𣿱ˡ
ȷʵʵˣҵƽһҲǺõģɾûټ֣ϡҶΪʲôôԳ
͵ſڣҶԶķɣúÿ
ɺŵĵͷ˿
ȷɽ˽ѧ¥ţҶԶϳұһţ裬ԽӰɣ
СһͲӰ˼ԣҶԶվ׼ӣûӰ̫
ǲǳȥ¶𡣡ҶԶɳϣǳڶɣ
¶Ҳ˵˵Ǹȥˣ˵˵ʲô̫̫ǲöɻȥˡ
Ⱥ棬ȥڶ˵ҶԶһţԼҪŹԹͳԷɡ
ҶԶŲ˻Ҳͺˣģ˵˵ӵҪĶܲ㣿οҪԶٽ
ҶԶҲƢƤЦģ裬Ҿ֪治ҳԡ
ٴۣ˵ɣ׸ȥˣ
һֱû˵˵Ұ˴
ļСﰡ
˼ôôأǵǹﰡСӲУҶԶܲһһէģ˵Ҫ潻ŮѸǲ֪
СӣС͵͵
˭͵͵ˣҲ
͹˲ˣ˵Сѧʼʲôʱ˻˯ӣ
ҳ˲а
УС㻹û˵Сôˣôģ
⺢ӿɲˣ·̯߰ϵģҪǿϽ̯ʱ򻹱ءҾ;ܰһѾͰһѡ
ţöԡŲˣôһ˵̫̫϶˶ӵҪϣҶԶĿ죬ҪTͷˡ
һӴ⺢ͦ׵ģ˴¶һˣ֪һʲô𣿾ͷե˽ʲôģ
СӳĶа̫̫һͼˣô⺢ӴԷأ
Ҳ˵ҪǿˣͲԸ鷳ҪأҪһŪô죿Ͷ㡣
͹㰡ǹʲô˵ˣҪǿҲóԷĳҶԶĳƢ
Ҳô룬Ҫ͵ĸָͣþǿǺ̫С
м˵˵ʲôģԶٷͶ˫ӵ¶̫
˵İͰ˴
ͰֹĳǼƢ
Уԣһ翼ô죿
šҲԣ֪ˣҪԽǺӴȥɣ֪Īĸ
٣Ҫ˵أ

011

ŽӣҶԶְҲ˳ʲôأô˵˭ҺӲף
֣һѣҸܲǺżۼҳԸ
ţҿҪǺúӲͶ˫ӵ¶𣿡үָʾֳȥֽˣʵģǾòﲻƽ⣬óҳľͷι
ͷӣôˣǰӻϽߦƤҶкϰ֪ͷʲô˼
Ҷְֱ࣬СԶߦѾվڰǰ
ߦƤһ߶ҾߦƤ˳֡Ҷ仰ҶְãˢˢˢͶˡ
ҶԶͷ͵֣ʱ
ȫԱ֣ӰȻ죬ĹҶԶҳ·У˿ԼȸҳٴɣȻ˵ġ
һҶԶͶһ̶ʹ̰
ҶԶﳵŷеѧУſڣǿ½ߵʱҶԶͻȻʶǰһ˵أɲѾؼ˰ɣ
һϸ룬ӦòᣬԷɵԸ϶̤̤ʵʵվġ
ҶԶƵûȴ˶УţſɲæĹɵر飬ȻĲ
ҶԶƳӭſڣסķһʱûӦĿҶԶ
ҶԶֻλΣôˣɵ
Ҷ磿ѵһֱң
ûǶ˷ʱ䰡˵ָָϵķУһ˼Ұ˽ӣϽϳЪһ
ҶԶҲ˷ɴӦرԶԷİúã͵ͷ
ﵽһòˣһֱû˵ôе
Сɣôˣͣ³ɷ̧ͷ
ǲĶܰҶԶˣ֧ϽŵӲǰһɵˣôǣʲôԵ޴롣
Ҳ֪Լôˣǲһ̫֮˱չʲôоޣ˵ޡɣҶԶһͣ·ϣ˿ô¶
ͻȻʶԼڿǸʲôӣɺ޲һţſڳǰϲ̧ͷҶ磬ȻؼвС
治ĶܣȥҽԺ
ûקҶԶϿϳ
ҶԶ룬ؼҰɣ·ߴҲ⣬Ҹоȷʵ岻ӣΪɶʺˡ

012

ɼңҶԶ㿪ʣɿһҶˣȳԷ𣿡
У죬ȣһɺҶԶ͹˲ʲôˡ
ɱֻΪ˲ҶԶҪʵĻһڣرζ߾ԳԲģֻмĽеζ
óԣѿڶġ
ҶԶˣðǣóܸԵ
ûҶԶһмȫҶԶ֣ʵ⺢ƽʱöίԼθҲˣϾ͸ؼȥɣ
Ҷ磬ôãԱˣżյķУôʡ
ôˣ㣬ղô£ȻڶʳˣǸղ·ϵǵܷġ
ôˣҾͿԲˡɰͷϥϡ
ҶԶףֶɵ˼ҪģճԱôŲֱӰΪʲô֪ԼŰɣ
ɱһֱҶԶģǿҲÿҶԶߺߵӣͻȻֱסҶԶҶ磬ٱһˣ
ҶԶЦˣȻñӷᣬϱ¶һԼһˡҶԶŷɵĺ󱳣ȣҶܲΣҶгԣԶһ
šӦˣɾãҲԺԼĿԲһӲš
СɣϸһؼҰɡȴҶԶý͵ðѷɴؼңû
û뵽ҶԶһʶԼղſҶԶھͺˣңȥʲô
ҵܣ£ȫõҰ裬һ׼ϲ㣡ҶԶظ֤ԼϵĻǾеġ
Ҳȥ̫鷳ˡ
㻹˵Ĳеô鷳鷳ģȸҸƻʳ£ҪǳһҾͷ
ҶԶĵģɻŤ翼ֱӱȥҶԶңһţҶӭСɰɣСԶ˵ˣ쿼˳𣿡
ֻܵͷ治֪ӦôӦµĳ档
ǾͺáҶЦŽ˳
ɰɿѾҶԶ˿ɳҶְ֣ɽˣáקԼ½ǺС˺á
ôŸҰֲҧˡҶԶСڷɶֹ
ҶԶûûСľ÷ɸ֪˵ʲôˣҶְ֣һԼԱߵĿյض
ȥонˣүӸɴıֽرĶŷɿڵĲҧˣôš

013

Ҷְһ仰ҶԶѸպȽˮȫ˳¶ҲˣΪˮ󲿷ֶϡ
ҶԶϽ˼˼죬·˾Լߡ
û¶һ͸ˡ
㲻డҶԶ䵹񣬿Լļ·ɴʡ
ᡣôࣿһˮ
㡭ôʵĻشҾò˼˶ҶԶҲ֪Ϊʲôȫҡͷˡ
治á
ҲûˣҪУҶԶݹһԼĳñ˸ͷ࣬Ӧû⡣
ɶҲҶԶƢˣǾͻϰɣԼ£ñ
㿴ɴϺϲʣһһ䣬ҶԶ;һ⺢Ҳ̫ˣתͱˣ裬óԵİɣСݵҿﶼܡ
ͷĽɣұ֤¾ͰҶԼĳǻ൱ĵġ
Ḷ́ͳҶַв˵Ĺ̡
ͷ̧ˣֻƴԣҶԶֿʼ˼˵ҪԲԵȫ
СɣҲųԣвԵ˵㿴ҲӾһڶԡ
ǵĸ˵ĻôԿٳԣĶУʳˣҶÿӺҶԶһ£ʲôͷã
ϣ裡̫ˣҶԶֱ
͵͵֣ɼһһһ֪ˣСɣ㻹֣ǲô
Ĳ˶óԣûԵġ˵ʵҶԶƫƫ⣬㲻ò˼ҪԺ϶ǿɶóԡ
Ǻ˵˵ԱǲǣˢȥҶһɣҶԶԹԱˡ
ŬŲЦ̣ҲԺˣȥˢɡ˵žҪ
ȥҶְַˣҿŰɡ
ǾǣĶˢ룿ȥ忴ȥɡҶҲǻ
Ǿ۸ҰɡҶԶԹĶ˳ˢı춼ġ
ɾòʣһһ˭Ҳ
Ҷ裺СɣԺͼԷɣ֡
ⷽĶܴӦˣ̫鷳ˡ
鷳ʲô˫꣬ѵҶԶˢˣҶְִǻ
ȫû⣡ҶԶڳŲӺ
ȻˣҪʵڲԸͬ־һԷҾСԶȥҶʹɱﵡ
ҲǲԸ⣬嶼ôãǡ
ϲģ㲻þ鷳ʲôģ֪𣿡Ҷְִҳʽĵ˵ʽȻеӲӲģʵڡ
Ǿǣ鷳鷳ľ̫ˡҶԶͶϣϹҸΧȹΧȹϲ־ͳˣһƨɱϣҲ˵
ɿҶԶͻȻĳһ䣬Ҷ磬㴩Χȹĺʡ
֮˶һ£žҶĴЦҶְֲȻĿԣҶԶͨ죬СɣȻѧ٩ˣ

014

ŵӣҪȥˣûҶԶ˵ҶְֺҶͬСԶȥ͡
ɸϽֲ֣ǲʶ·Ķ˼ҶԶͰԶԶҶԶǿ죬ץԿ׾͸ŷɳš
Ҷ磬治ңֲǲ·
Ҫлأ
ɶˣûûɫǸˣĸô۰
ǲУһءҶԶ֡
ǡ߻ȥеšɻ̫˼ǳԳˣ
ҶԶһ⻰ˣҾ˵㲻ÿɣȻԸԵҲ˰ܲ
ҡͷҶԶ̾ѽʱ̫ˣԺʲôҪ治˵˵Ȼ·ҩҩɡ
ǻܲĶôҲ֪ôˣɲԸҶԶúҪһȻ˵СƢ
ҶԶһ㶣Ӧֱ֮ӰѳƸɣҲǣɣȥƾˡ
ãͷһηôʹĴӦҶԶ顣
ҶԶҡͷڴϣȵ
ܱ֤һûءɵ˵ʵǰߡ
ҶԶŵıţû÷ͣµ˼
Ҳţ¿Ʋˤȥһ·ϸ߶Ƚţſ֧óڵϵһ˲䶼֪ô·ˡ
ҶԶҲеͷһɣʱֵöڵϲˡ
Ҷ磡ɱȥЦˣɽŵһ裬ûվȣһֻŷɳȥҶԶƨϡ
ҶԶð㷴ǣƾҪˡ
ɱܵŤͷܣڽԼҴǰ
ҶԶ˰ϣɴҴҶ磬Ҳǹġ
ģɶϷɵߣҶԶʲô˵Ķһʶ֣ǹҲûɶ˵һ˷ɵͷҷҲͦÿ
ɵҶԶһֹۣԼͷø񳲣Ҳûָԭ״ôһͷͷšݡ
ҶԶںţԽԽԼԸıķͺÿСɣ˵㿼ǿǻͰɣ
УҲʼˣҹƤȥ
𰡣Ҵˣ㵱ʲôû˵ҶԶ޷󷽳ɴһ֪СһԾͬСƦӵ
ǾͼһġҶԶǴͷͦ׼ġ
У΢һëɣë޵ĸƵͦáҶԶţúʺϷɡ

015

ûʰӡ·߼ͷĴүëַļҶԶأҲڸɽ֮Ҫ¶
ˣСɣϴҴõǼȥˣҲء
ѽ
ţҪ⼸û¶òˣҪҶûظ
УҲó̯ˡ
̯֮ǰŻؼҳԷɱȥˡҶԶ֪˵ƣһ׼ȥ
Ҷ硭ҡ
סȣҪ˵ʲô˼㰡ʰ鷳ʡ˰ɡҶԶֱӰѷɵĻ»ȥʵ̫Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
Ҿǲ˼ѵõ˵ƽʱٴNֱÿ쵽ȥԷ¶ôȻ
һܺ˼˰ɣҶԶҲף÷ͬǼҵĸоһ춯ܰ쵽ġ
ĩȥƽʱּ͡ۻۡ
ƽʱˣҶԶٴγɹϡ
ɿҶԶһۣڱصãϽȶƵģˣɡ
Ҷ磬ղ˵ԣָеĻûظɴظղŵ⡣
ŶУǸϵеġҶԶĶ֪ܲҪ⣬Ҳܲ˲ǣ
ͷԡֽʼ׼ͼó״
ҶԶ⻹ǵһֳĦأȤĦȭƣʲôܰæûУ
ɿԼĲϣֿ˿ҶԶȻҡͷҹûС
ȻͦƻģһⷽأҪҲø򵥵񣿡ҶԶĶô״ùģСѧֹԺûûˣȻ
ǡڲϻߣߣҵľô
ҶԶùһ߽ǵĲϱȻ˼ɣ
ɵͷҶԶظ֤ĽҰɣ
ҶԶиŵ㣬ǾǸ¶ͦ׷ģȻĲϸִױ߾࣬޲ܰӽžһʱռǻڴѳһӡ
ɿˣɣˡء
вУеоң͸ǰǱɡҶԶżӲš
ɿ϶Լö࣬ҶԶ֪ҲʾͲѾ֣ͦܵġ

016

ҶԶĲϣɲǣƵĹҲǵΪơ
ŷɷߣҶԶԱ߶̾Կ⼼
ĸ˻⵱ɵļȥ챻ҶԶţɵԼ춫ʲôˣϾⲻΪʱͽשŻŻء
ô˵˲ܸɵģԺδأôͷǷԱˣ
ɰ˩ùĳƷҶԶȥѧȥ
ǡҶԶŻСҿҹѧᣬܵʲôС
ܲҶԶûεɻû˵ʲôҶԶֻˣ
ι裬ʲô¶
ŶһСء
ţˣ֪ҽȥˡ
ϵ绰裬ΪҶ·ء
ʶѾʮһˣƽһŪҲûôʱ䣬ð̸ż
ԣΪһסҿɲҹȥˡҶԶ֣䲻䷳ĸǿԼЩֱϰߣԣ˵
ֻҪ㲻ҴӲɲ֪ΪɶеСȸԾ̫ûԼҹˣ
ɷﶫҪ̴ȥҶԶϽס˯ˣأɡ
㲻ۿʮˡ
ֲ𡣡ҶԶĶ˼˯
ôŲģɽŷ죬վҶԶģʵûʲôǲĶ
ĲģҿܰһѲƬģħƵģڼ֤漣
ùˣҪԼ˯ȥɷҶԶ죬˵
ҶԶҲ˯÷һ˶æԼ˯ҶԶɲ˵ЩֲǷл˵źģ÷ָħʦƵģˢˢˢͱˡ
ɿſţҶԶ֣ħôñģָͷ˺ü£ϲϺĵطرѾ
ҶԶüͷˣÿƷǱѪİ
ţһָϣλˣѪðΪ̫ˡһѪҶԶ붼ûץɵ֣Ž
ͷϵѪζͻȻҶԶʶô̫ʣǸۡô
ҡҡͷԼ֡

017

ҶԶͻȻе΢ܵȥҿŶ㻹ҡͷûʲôʩ𣿱ܴܲף
ɲ֪ǲӦҶԶĴ˼άף͸ף
÷һأ
Сû÷һ
ҶԶʵ˵֪Լûʲôԣ̧ͷ컨壬ѵһһ±
ֲǱģ߻вֵİ
ҪǱ˵ˡ

˭ֱ˭ˡҶԶ죬Ҫǿŷô죿
ϰˣ⻹ܽ۰һ˲¶ɱȻҪɵĵڶø첲ⶥҶԶһ£ʾȷʵֵȥ
۰ۡҶԶջŷɣҪְֽҵˣһܳʦأԺⰤĻ
ҶԶһ£볹ƫϣȴûӦ
ҶԶһôǣ
ץסץԼҶԶ֣Ҷ磬һĲңǸͬˣǲҲôã
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ûʲô֣Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôʳô⣬֪ԼҪʲôĴ𰸡
ŵͷ룬ɲ֪ղǲëϸѪܣѪһð࣬Ҳֹ
²䵽ϣɴȥˮͷ壬ҶԶţﻹǷʵǾ仰ԼҪ
ԣȷתҪݵʱײûӦҶԶ
һײҪҶԶͨ͸ˣ֪ɵ˼ˣСɣҾ㵱磬Ϊ쿴㣬𣿡ҶԶԼûԼĻ֪ô˵ĸס
һ㶣ȻЦˣȻҶԶקݣѧ𣿡
ѧʲôҶԶеˡ
Ʋһۣղ˭˵ҪҰţ
ŶŶѧһƨԱߣ÷һƲġ
ץҶԶ֣룬Լ£𣿡
ҵ𣿡¾ܻ᣿˵ҶԶעҲѹͲϰ
ʦ켸һ䣬ҶԶĻشһɲ䣬С
ֱ꣬ҶԶҲûĵһԻⲻһôҵĿǸ㵲룬϶ˡ

018

ǲǾҾͲ۰ɰ밡߰Ķˣ͵ɣҪҶԶַ춫̫ĥˡ
۽ճвУ
ˣûʲô¶Сʲô¸ɲˡɰѶúã˯ȥ
ҶԶĥŷɵĻҲ͵ߵ߶ĸ˴ݣ̺ôɴӹӳӣ㡣
ҶԶűӿ˿ϣСɣ˯ʵôҪʵ˯ͷҰҹȥҶԶ֪Լ˯಻ʵ
ֻҪ㲻һȥ
ǲܣǲܣиͷҾʵˡ˵ϴǽɺá
ƻģǽ𣿡Ҳ£ԼקһҶԶ
ͦˡҶԶŲŲͲĴǼ粢ˡ
ɲ۾˯ǰ׼
˵˵˯˯ҶԶŷɣ˵˵ɡ
˵ʲôͷ˵˯ôʵ
٣ҶԶһɣҪ췴ǰɣ
ˣԲҲô󡣡ҶԶֵ͵ľ۹Сۡ
ҶԶѱͷϣˡ
Ŷ˯ˡ
̫ˣ㶼οһ£ҶԶƱֵַüֱ
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ҶԶӸ£˵ϲС۾ġ
ɱͷ
˵ǰɣҶԶҸꡣ
˭ܵˣҶԶˣһһ˾Ϳһˡ
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˵ҶԶİ
ܲˣ͵һͦԴײһ˲䶼û˶ǼűǼ⣬촽촽۾ŶԷ۾Լ
֪˼룬͵ɻȥ⣬˯ɡ
ҶԶɲȥˣţﱧűӣҪȥ᲻ߴȥ
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СɣҾҲԾˡҶԶȸղŻί

019

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ҶԶקŷɵıӽǶҲòˡ
ǾͱҡվסȴɲҶԶ
ԾľֹҶԶһˣôͷˣ»⡣
ôҶԶɿ֣е̬Ҳ̫䵭˰ɣһ룬ɣˣʵС
ҡͷҲֻҡҡͷ
ѱӷ£ұ֤ʵʵʲôˡ
ԷŻرӣ̾˿룬ҶĲԾԼĲԾǲһˡ
ȻˣǲͷӣҶԶûɻǲģСɣҸղҪ㣬ö𣿡
𣿡
Ȼᣬһûôһ˹ҶԶܲˬɵ⣬Ҫ׵ģ
Ϊʲô
ʲôΪʲô
ɲٿڣתšӦ˵ǶҶԶ
ôţҶԶͻȻˣתΪʲôʵľ䡣
֪ˣԴһ±ƵġżĿ򷽳ɣСɣϲ㡣ʶѿڶ
˶ĸоŴͷ£ô˵
⻰ҶԶ۾ˣˣ
Сɣ
ҹıСɿԼ֪ԼǣҶԶƵġ
§סˣҶԶչȥһڡ
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ϣҶԶͷҧҡ
˵Բ𣬾òʣ˵еۣɴһԼչȥѵˮĻҶԶһ£Ȼӣ˯ˣ
ҶԶٺɵЦ䶯ɺã룬Ǳ߿˿ҵɵ֣סűۡ
ڶ죬ΪúѹģҶԶѹԼϣ⻹㣬һȶҵůƬˣ⻹治һĲʵĸѶȡ
ɶ˶ҶԶһѷɸɴ§סȫûҪѹ˼
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˯һҶԶҡˣ᲻ۡ
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§һˡ
ɻͷһؼôģôôƤ
ŷ֣ҶԶΪܷΪ١
Ҷˡ
ҶԶˣֱˣ¥ȥˢƿӣ´ЬҪߡ
ϴ

020

ҶԶճŻû¥ֻˣһ绰Ǽι裬ôˣ
ŶУҰȳԣˡ
ҶԶͷСɣۣҳȥ˰Ҷ绰û˾ͻȥ㡣
ﳵĶȵˣ֮㶼ϣҶְҶȥˡ
ҶԶϴּˢţ»޵ĻɵôϴƷ
ַɾôʵʵţ϶ʲôûԼַʳСͬ־
˵ļ򵥣ɻû취ԼˣҶԶҲˣ͸ɡ
꣬ҶԶ˾ͽԼݣҸ㿴
ȰˢٿɡˮţȻ尢̻ô£
£ҷַӾܸ㶨ȿҶԶ򿪵ԣרҵûش㿴ôظҪԤģܲܽӣҶԶ÷ɿԡ
һһԿɿʼ˼ҶԶСȥˢˡ
ˢûô
һ붨ҾȻŴʵСס
ǺðһƷȥ
ţ÷һ졣ɿǣһƷŻỨѶʱ䣬ϾҪȥ̯ҪС
ܰæˣ÷һֱҾһǿʤεġҶԶҲˣԼ֮ˡ
ʵֻɲҶԶʵپ顣
⻰Ҳ˰ǲǾҾ岻ȲֵģһһСѧɳҶԶ˵ĺɡ
ɼԼЦŶúӡ
ûûСɡҶԶƲɼһϣ㿴ǼʲôʱгƷûôظ
룬ɣû¶ˡ
һԣҶְֺҶˣһ˳ȥ˲гļƣСġ
ɸϽ壬̡
ȥȥɡҶЦŴӦ
ҰɣȻҲֻС
òãǲأȥСԶȥڳǺӣʲôǸ
ɻּ֣ҶְֹȥɣĬСӾͱˡ
ҶԶֱӣֱӰϻݣ¶
ֲɱصǰɷطˣˢɡ
һ£á
Ƿ׼ôʶˣҪˢǰҵˡ
ȻãҶϸĿڣУҲЪΧȹźذ
ҶְָжѾɳˣŶȣСԶȥæ
ҶԶŰ裬ͽмʹ档
ô˵أҶְҶͬ
ˣֱˡ

021

ҶԶΧȹϣԼԱһģҲҶԶ֪뷽ڱصõġ
ֽһȫ㶨Ȼ̨һţˡ
ҶԶźãҪݱסҵûȥˡﻹһ̯¶أģҪŵġ
ҶԶͷһ룬Уõ۾ߡһµϴþ߷ŷǱȥ
һȥˣ˫ôҲڼ尢̰
ǲ㣬ڼҲǵݣǶǵģǶǵİɡ
ڳ￪ʲôСأҶְڿˡ
ɸϽӳҶԶһ֣¶һͳˡ
ʲô¶Ķ̤ʵסҶ豾úøأʡ⺢Ƶġ
裬ΪܸҰƵģ˲øɵ¶ȥ
ȥæɣСɸڼҡ
ҶԶĿ裬̫ĬˣؼС¶
㼱ʲôҶԼһۣתͷԷɣСɰߣ
һкöණûأҪϾ̯ˡɱʵеţܾ˵顣
Ҷְ꿪ڣȥɣæϡ
ҶԶֱӴְ֣֣ϾͲˡԷĻڵĹء
ˣǸǵȥɡ
һŻҶԶ˶קŷܡ
ټټһָͬʱ
ﻹҶһ䣬СԶקСɰǣ
ҶԶųֱӰһ㣬ûˣҪǺֱײľͷⲻˡ
ڵԪſһָǶݵǰϳר
һͷɣ
вУͷ˭ǰ߾רʡﳵ㡣ҶԶãǰ棬͸ԼȦڻƵģ̤ʵ
ǰãҶԶһͷСɣôˣ
ĶʳģҶԶһԴʵΪгϣд
ϣһԴҶԶ°ϣ϶ǲ󣬾еĺܿš

022

һ磬ɼǰҶԶһߣƴڻĥȻֺͣƲǴ⣬ֹˣʲô¹
ҶԶҲˣɲҲһ߶ĬĬؿţŷɾͦãȻˣԼҪܰæؾ͸ˣⲻһһϦĹ򣬵Ȼؼ͵͵ɡ
һ磬żҶûĶ֪ĲΪˣֱ㣬ɶǰĳƷˣתͷҶԶοҺһء
ҶԶ⻰Σֻֿסɺףһϡ
ĶͻȻôһ֣۾˷Ӧ
ҶԶ̾ɿ۰
ɹԹԱۣë΢΢
ҶԶͻȻ붺û׹ȥǲ䵽ߣ촽ĥŷɶСɣοɱҧˡ
ͨͨģ۾ͿҶԶڻЦһ֮¸ɴ෴סҶԶΪʹʹ׹ȥ
̫ʹˣһ¿ϣεİ˦ҶԶҪߡ
ܰҶԶĶܾôˣסˣȥ׹˲ſϷˡ
ſ֮󣬷ɾ͵ͷѶսõսѴ÷ŽƤȻŰŴ⣬Ҹó̯ȥˡ
㵽ڲ˼ʲôҶԶѷɻİùˡ
Ϊһûˣɣս½չʳʶ̣ҶԶһߣʶģԼݶеŤ
վһɸǰѾΧˣҶԶԼôվ̫˷ԴзȻҲӡ
ҪҶԶƽʱ϶֣Ǯյģ̫صԣɽ룬Ҫ5һݵģ˵һһأʵܿ˿ѡ
źзҲţⲻ
ţͦˣû뵽ԼѾ˻ͷͣղСܵĹ֮ǰĽġ
ȳԵ⾢ҶԶѺзɣԱ˺öһ
˿зĲˣɾ֪ҶԶΪ˾ͺԼҶ磬ԵĹô
ʲôԲߵģԵҳԲã˵ŻԼһֻĹ˿еɺ
ɻԼĲȸҶԶأĶҪһ㲻Ҫ󲿷ֵڵϡ
㿴˷˲ǣ´αҶԶٰŷһȷʵܺóԣԿꣻԼϽ꣬ɾͻöźз档
ɶףҲͲٶ˵˼Ӹ㶨֪ĻΪзζء

023

һϱӦþôȵĹȥûкХͻϮ鳵Ļ
һ죬رѾǲģȺڷ׷׷ɾ裬ȵеǰѾûȫ˵·
ңҲеţ̫ˡ
ҶԶ˾ܣǷе⣬·߳վܡ
˺ȳ˶Ѷͷû׷Ҳ֪ŻϳҶԶû׷ǰȫˡ
վƺиΣ˸ɴЪһ֮ҶԶһ̧ͷСɣ㿴үǲǴ˺ڻǶĵǸŸĳƷĹ棬ү۾ںںڵġ
ΪҶԶ䲻ôһ䣬ʶ̧ͷȻԼĭǺˡ
ȿȿȣȿȣ
ҶԶϽģô⻹ŰҲԼǻ
һ£ضϻøͷҪһߡ
뵽жڶһλҶԶȥ쵼̸ˣ쵼ҲûôѩʱΪ˴С棬΢ʾһ²ʣڼȻҶԶҪ󣬶һ߶ҲȻǵԭְ
ֻǵһڶǰѶϵٵһԷ˳ﰵ͸¶ҪַɡҪ˵Ҳ֣˵ˣû¶˭ûи˽ģ˽ı˻׽ˣ඼ж̶߬ڱƵģû롣
ҶԶؼҷǰֻſȥ
˵СԶôյҾܣҶסҶԶŽʮӲֳȥ
ҸСͶȥ
ŶСֱӽáҶһ¶ˡ
ͷҸһ绰ԼУҽ϶
Ϊʲôۼҷθڣ
˼¡
Եöϰ߾ͺˣ㵽ʱѵ绰ҡҶҪܶڲŸˡ
УȲ˵ˣòڼˡҶԶϽߣҪСɾͳ̯ȥˡ
⣬ҶԶСſϵķɣһ͵ôȥˡ
Ҷ磿
ͳȥû
ˡ
Եɶ
ͷ
ҶԶһҾ֪ı飬Сɣ֪ǼҳԷ϶Ӧܲ΢ԵԼθһ
Աˡ
ҲܣҪҾͷҶԶ֣ԿСɵĹִ͵ûóȥ
㡭¶Ӳ⡣
ţ㡣ҶԶֻɡ
ҲҪ
ţǰõģҲǷţңڵִˣڼ飬Һ֪ͨ㣬ʡһ쵽ĵ
ҸҪ˻
⺢ôôϾأͲ㶯׷ܣʲô飿ҾԼܣҶԶе𼱣Լֻһϰͣﻹֱ̯ҵطҲô̰
ɻûҶԶҧ촽֪˵ʲôҶԶΪڹκ鷳

024

ҶԶĶԼвУұ֤Ǳû⡣
ɽӹ㱣֤û⣿
ұ֤
ɰֻûٶ˵￪ʼ㲻ɴҸȶȥˣܲҲɣԼûпԡ
Ҷ磬㻹ûԷɣؼҰɡ
ôԸ⿴ңҶԶ֪ǣɲ֪ôѿڶˡ
ҡû뵽ҶԶôӣ㵽ôˣ
Ҳ֪ôˣҿɲǳ㣡ҶԶŷɸ첲±ˡ
Ҫ¥ɣû¡ɾôҶԶȥ˵ջԽԽŤģ⻹һ־ͽĺá
ŹţҶԶһӴӺ汧סɣ˵ôͲǸ֮Ȩ֮ء
һʶôץҶԶ֣ôǵײϰյӣ
֪Ҳ˼ҶԶߺߵҧ˷ɶһ£λøպǿʲôҧʲôˡ
ס䣬Ҷ
ҶԶɴŷָͷԼҹҵġ
㻹ɸɴֱסҶԶ졣
˵ҪҴ򱨸潨ϵ̼еһϷгжĿɲԣҶԶһֱת¶ܳɣڹ˽Ǹĳԡ
Ҷ磬ֻΪңǲȥҸʲôӦòҪѧġϿҶԶ뷨ʵĻ治ôףϾЩֱСʲôûУϷ̯λҲĵģû˭ҵƤǮ
㿪ЦأСӹȥһ·ɱȪˮӣҶԶըëԲУŪûˣ
ҵֲֻߣ˦ҶԶҶԶܡ
ҶԶ֪Լˣ˵ˣİѷ˵ôôǡ
ʲô
㰴ʱҼҷϣҾͲ㡣ҶԶһ÷ɴӦҲĲ
ҡͷ첻Լ֪ôҶԶİְ죬ʱ䳤˻ᣬҲָ̫оǼұϾԼġ
ԣҲȥ룬ȾɣҪˣҲһǳ̯ǣ˵˵ҶԶҲ侲ˣһһɣȾӪ꣬ǿҲûʲôӲҪ
ţǣȥ̯ˣؼҰɡҶԶ֪ҶԶСǽ⿪ˣ϶żˡ

025

ҶԶϢ֧Ԯ£ɽİ̯̤ʵ˺ܶ࣬żиϢʱҲоաӣѾתƣʱ򣬷ȥϣͻѾȥ̯ˡ
ҶԶɷԼͻ͸ˡͬǽ׵ģֻҪûɻͣûҪǸݷѡ
ҶԶⰡһԽԽȣɳȥﳵҪأҲûʲôʱغüͷô죿ʱһţӵûףԷ²ˡ
ҶԶȡѵɷţȥ㣬˰
һɻأѾˣҪǻͶ㡣
ҶԶƣԺ𴲾Ԥ
ûɵģȥɣҳȥһˡ
ǲ𣿡СŽסҶԶ칫ҿɾ
ҷģҳȥСȥ
ӳȥС棿Ҫ˵ǰھҵҲǲԣҶԶһ¶ģãֻ¶Һк㡣
ҶԶͷֻˡ
Ȼ˵С棬һ¶͵ôϣĨӡϴҺˮƿʵʱϴȥѹˮǹһ磬ʲôʡ¶ҶԶⲻΪԼԼҵ¶ô
Ҫ˵СⶫгţƤѢһΪô룬ôЩҲˣѵɾģɶǲȵϵģȿǶʵȻֱǽ־͹ȥǹӵģ
ҶԶѳһõ绰ԱߣͷüһǸȥõⷿС棬ˢˢ˺ȻСӲĲɽ䶯֮ЩСϴү£
ҶԶŵŵ׼ɨһأ绰ˣιôˣ绰ǽȥѲͬ¡
ʲôĸҽԺ
ϵ
˵绰ҶԶϳͷ˳ȥֱҽԺ
ҽԺ³ܣڼҺһۿͷ϶бķɡ
ôŪİǣҶԶüͷ绰˵ˣôˣ
û˵û¶վŵ˶Զ䡣
ҽ˵һضʱ򣬿쵽ǿڿǰͷһﳵͻȻӳˤ³һش绰С˵ȥˣҾȰҽԺԷһСҪ˾
ллȻȥɣҶš
ˣһƿҺҽ˵ؼϢС
ţˣҩʲôİɣ
õãͷ˵ɣˡ
СˣҶԶԱߣ˿ƿҺȻ

026

죬ҶԶɫ֪Ӧ˵ʲôչʲôû˵ֻǰͷõ͵͵ġ
ҶԶжҲοҽԺء
̾һҺؼ˵
Բ𡭡ΪҶԶ׼ҶԶô˵һᡣ
㲻ǶԲң˵ҪˤڻͷǻϵĳϻʲôҪǴ·դô죿ôôأҶԶ룬˵һΪ
ɾеίر̤ʵůͺСʱԼˤͷˤϥǣԼôСģȴ۵ò˿СĵĨҩˮۿȵģͷø͡
ҶԶۼɶԼųһŶˣҲûţ
ãһڷۿת
ңһ˵ˣҶԶ޴룬˰춵ֽûУֲֻ
ץסҶԶƲͷȥҪԼˣۼֿҶԶסСڣϻͷأ
ְסˣҶԶģ˺һῴûѪɿ
㻹ôɨҶԶ
ҶԶҧĶǻؼôʰ㣡ݺݵأ۽ôˣ
ɱۿαϣҲˣŶ
ҶԶյɶߣǲǾǶأҪ´Σƨɣ
Ķ뵽ҶԶôһ䣬ٿ۾ҶԶǳ沿дһ񣬲ʹչȥ
ʱҶԶһӲԼԴŤһߣҽԺҺҰ˶ӵģҪȷɷӦ
ɻع񣬴Ӷ쵽ӸųŶ⣬޲Ҹطȥ
ҶԶû¶û¶ôеﲻסҪЦ˼
ɺݺݵصҶԶǺ˵һɱûУҶԶԳˡ
ǸƿˣҽлʿȥҶԶ޶ˣϣʵá
ػɱЦˡ
ʿҺҶԶҽһ飬ȷûʲô¶ͷ͸첲ǲˣҪ˱Ҳ̫飬ȥúϢ
˵ףҶԶȥ˵ԵĲŻ
£һ䣬Ϊ㲻Ҫء
ҶԶˢŤͷ㡭̼ң
ɿ컨װû¶ˣҶԶ˺̣ϹܶɣȻؼҵģ

027

ڶƿҺ꣬ˣҶԶ칫Ҳ˵绰һԼȥˡҲ嵭ģûֱ˵ε¶
ҶԶ绰ʱ򣬷һ֣˼˵ҶԶܣˣ巽ɣȻ֣ʵȣûղŻʿ㰴޻һ
˵
Ҳû˵ʲôģҽһؼңúҲ֪϶ȥ԰ɣҶԶԼԽԽ˽ⷽǵС˼ˡ
ҡĲ֪ô尢̡ɸҶԶͷ½ǣץҶԶͰˡ
ҶԶôһ˵Ϊ÷СᾢûޣһͷͷķԼ·֣ϻиղŴϵĽҶԶһָ߬Ͻ˦ֻ߬סŵŵžߡ
ſ֮ǰԼӷһǽĳӻȥ۴߰ɡҶԶĥŽƴ
ҡͷҵר
ҶԶ˵ʲôƳ÷ã﷭ڰҪǹ컯մͥ㻹ţҷǰ͵ˣ
ңҶԶѷɰϾͲˣͨ磬Ȼ̨תһȾûȷĶˡ
ҶԶ޲ԼǻèһǰͷĶҪʲôʲô£ֻȣǾɡԱţе硣
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Ǿ˯ۣҶԶ·ͼӵ֣֣ɽʱǸˡ
ıۣ۽ëʱʱĶһ£ҶԶſţӣչȥһڡ
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ҶԶɴ಻һһڵȫڷɶ࣬Ҳûм˼
һ¿װûû˷ʵڱסˣۣͶҶԶЦ˵۾÷
ˣҶԶŷɺ󱳣Ҳ£ֱӴڷϡ
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ҶԶɴŻˣĶ˵תȥȡ
ɵƲ̫ۣššɲƿҶԶתֱס졣
ҶԶ÷ſ˵ʱ򣬷Ҳ˳ָѵһȥˡɲȷᷢʲô֪ҶԶҪʲôֹҶԶ룬ԼҲ롣ɡһ£Ҷ磬Ҳ
ҶԶʲôû˵ֻɵ֣סԼĲλ
öַַɵ״̬Ǿ˲ȫ͸ͷð̣ҶԶ־ͷҶԶȴǺ񷸻Ķ¡
ҶԶҧȴûֹɵСֻѧ̽ɿ
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ҶԶôܷˣһסɵĸ¡
ҶԶҡһͷҡ֪ô
ҶԶ𷽳ɣԼϣȻŷɵ֣סͬӲĲ֣ģ𽥼ӿ죬ֱ˵ĺҶԶҧŷɵĲӣץҶԶһ϶ʪʪҺ塣

028

ͷҶԶﲻҶԶ°֧ڷɼϣ˭Ҳֿ
ֱҶ磬еͷΡ
һ䲻ҪҶԶæˣϽ£ϡȺϿӴ֣ܵȻֽɲˣ¡
СɣҾǻ쵰ҴԶȥҶԶУôˣô̲ˣڷӹǻŵʱ
֣ɿҶԶһӣסǼû塣
ǡҹůƬ
ȥ͹ȥɰһֲۣǲԸ⡭ͷСģĩּǺġ
Сɡ㲻ôҡҶԶöҪðˣɻţȻץŷָͷСҡΡ
ɲٴɵ绰ϣһ졣
ҶԶ鲻ԸĴӶͳһ磬Ͻӣι衣
֪֪ͻȥ
ŵ绰ɶԼҶˣǺҶԶôżҡ
ҶԶϵ绰о˶һƵģСɣȡ
߰ɣⶼˣ尢ָż
һȥȥͻأ
ˣû¶
ôû¶ˣóԵ
ŪС
Ūʲôͷ棿ǰ׿ˮҶԶŲŷɿϺúøԼԡ˵ҸսЩѲҳԵģû͸ҹԹ˯һһȻҲܷɻ˵ʲôץųԿһ̾ˡ
ɵĻֱӱҶԶĹˣҲסջ۰ɡ
ɻҪ˯ˣҶԶһֲ˯ʵˣԺҶԶš
Ҫ˵ǲҶԶͻˣţƣɶҶԶ˺һҶԶëˡ
ôˣʲôأ
ôô죿ָָҶԶ߶䣬ȷʵĺܲȻұ߾û¶
ڡڸšġеˡ
ΪʲôʵƵʳڵģҶôô֣
ΪʲôҶԶˣҲֱӴؼңҶһȴҶԶͻԼˣҶŭˣšҶԶ໽УҶְһá
Ǹ棬̲סЦˡ
ҶԶߺСûĵģ㻹Ц
Ҳ˵ʲôҶԶС䣬ô
ҶԶһתַϾͲˡ

029

·ε¼ҶԶˣԭԼò磺÷ͻпôˣںĻܴأΪһ˼Ǯ¶˭ܵˣ
طҲûּȷʵЩǲֻǰģһСʡ¼Ǯ̤̤ʵʵ뼸ӣƷңҲÿˣʮ·ݻпء
ҶԶȻּڼ̤ʵסˣڴˣʼмƻشˣĲͼͼܳԶķ
ʵҶԶʲô˼Ҫ˵ҶԶҲýţƭˣȥĴѾþȷ㣬ҲȻڼһ㡣ɴϣԼٶһڽǸңȷʵλ˵Լļˣֻиȥ
Сʲôȷһ߶ҶԶԵĸˣԴҶԶϴѧԽ壬ӴôĶΧŵתģСһһˣĿˣֲ˵Ǻӻر¶Ÿɻɣɾ˵Ŀ
Сɣôˢȥˣ˵СԶ𣿡Ҷѷɴӳɳϣȥ
裬ƫģҶԶڳﺿУʵء
ʲôнеĹˢˡҶ谴ҪҶԶķɣضӵߡ
ҶԶʵûţţСɣ㶼ѧˣҲð
ûȷɽӻҶְˣﵽſڣʲôҸġ
ҶԶûԼĭǺţȿȣ֣ԽԽĬˡ
ĹƣҶְֵûҶԶʲô˼վſڡ
ûô˼ҹҲڱԶҲ˱߾ߣǸ˵˵ưɡ˵ţҶԶӿɻٶȣٶȵˢٶȵĻݲ
ƵȻһƬãҾŹˡ
ʮ˭ţҶԶһɣժΧȹ˳ϰֻؿˡǴſյ̫ˡ
һ죬˭лҪ˵ƽʱ廰ķҲ⣬Ҷ磬ǵʱüӰɣ
Ƶãʮһǵһȵоġ
ðʮһӣϧû롣
ûСɻǰСҶԶ°һѷɵͷ벻ںʲôʽ۶Լֵ¶Ǹ񡣡
šҶְֵͷ⻰˵Ļе˼
ǣͨϰգʱһŵӿҲһ⡣ҶҲǻ
ҶеȲˣʱһΧŵӿıȫλǶȣðҶԶ߬ŷɵ֣龰գ漤ˡ
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040

ûעһ£裬ɵóԵĸҲҶԶƵתƻ⡣
˵⺢ôôСģԺҪй㣬ҿô죡ԼˣĶôþܺŪȥοҶ軹ԶӰ졣
ҶԶͷߣ裡
Ҳ˵˵˵˵תûһҲϴСˣżˡ
У裬żҳȥҰָСˡҶԶˣô͹̸ء
һԱߣҶԶָҶְֺǵ˹أ岻ҸСɵˡ
ҶԶˣԼҾȻһ޴ĸоǱ߼ȥһɾŲһȻ󣬷̶ˡ
ҶְӮˣôģ̣ɣֿӣСԶ㿴ֵģСɷʧ
ôҲֵͷϰҶԶԽίȥɣСɣ찲ο䡣
ɺܲȻĴҶԶ֣µȷʵã̰ɣȥﰢ̴֡˵ͷȥ˳ڼⲻҶԶ
ҶԶԴԾĶųŰ˼⣬ϰѾ̣ߡ
Ķ尡⻰治˵ڣɳϲ̫İǰһƣ˵һ
үӲҶԶʲô̬ȣĥ·ͻȻӹһ䣬ǰ̲£ζ
ģ⻰ҶԶ⡣
ָˡүһŬ죬ʾҶԶ壬ղǻ͸û˵Ƶġ
ҶԶԼ
ô˵үһ仰˵ҶԶĿˣҶԶóʮֵľϵ壬ү½ȥˣֱҶһɤӣԲԷ
ԣ廹ûʤҶְֿڣȥ
Ҷһ⻰һֲһŷɣСɣȳԣԷż⣬壿ߣ
һɡͦΪѡ
ȣԲԣһ˿ȥҶѷһͿʼˢˢвˡ
ҶԶȣҶԶҲΪѰһǵһ裬һת裬ôʱûĲˣˣɱ𲻸
ӵУûͷӵģţĿȷģҶְһˡ
ҶְֲΪҶԶҶԶϽеԷ´
ϣҶҶԶ˲˸ɼУҶְ֣ҶְֵΪ⣬óԳԸúȺȣ˳ϰͺóԵģԵҶĶǵ¶λҶԶĶ졣
ҶԶĽзɣ˳ȥȴַɳԵĲ࣬ҵͷ⺢ӽȷʵԾ

041

극ҶԶҪϴ룬ĵ÷ɸæ
Сɣϴ顣ҶԶˮԱߣһϴ鶼ֹһµġ
ûݣֱùϴ
ҶԶ붺ӣˣֻԼȥ˵¶ôôƣ
ûУе˰ɣ尢ֲ̣ǡѹúܵ͡
ҶԶҲˣǰڷǶѾϰˣ˵§§Ҳû˹ܣĶʵаڱܵżһ²˵Ĺȥ
֪ҶԶԼ˼̤ʵˣҶԶһԣʲôֵľٶô˵
СɣɴҰȥͬӰɣҶԶװӣ϶첻Ᵽ־룬ץ
˵û߶ģúõļҲǶһô尢̽ͣ붼ͷˣôһ塣֪ôģҶԶֺֹ۵ĪĽꡣ
ҽ£Ҿ˵һסҲġ
һֱһסͻȻˣ
ǣôˮǲǲԸҰȥҶԶףôϸԼšأ
ɷ룬ҶԶ˵ʲôչû˵ͷĻˣ֣ҶԶһѣݰɡ
ҶԶƢҲе϶һ־û¶ˣŴϸɺϼƺϼȥ¶뵽˵ǰɡ
ɲݣֱһ䣬尢̣һе¶ȻȥˣҶôʱûؼңҲúϢϢ
ˣҶ費ã೤ʱûҶԶͶ೤ʱû˲ǣ
¶ɾԼбҪȥ侲һЩ
û¶͹һǵСԶҶְķɣתͷֶҶԶȥСɡ
ˡɸϽ֣ҶҲͦ۵ˣžͻȥˡ
ҶԶ߬ȭͷ֧ۣ㲻֪ʲôڿ˵ϢãҾϢȥ˵һеۣȻС˵ãҲˡ˵Żݡ
⺢ӣҶе㲻״ˣ룬ͷѵָء
ҧ촽ҶԶݣǿװЦټɹϴվ¥һ˿˿Цˡ

042

ؼ֮󷽳ɾڶѷԭϵǽϣԼųɸŶȥϲšˡЩ治ôʵΪ˭Ҳ벻˭ǿֻΪһѣһʲô˭ܱ֤ʲôԼһνҶԶǱ߲а尢أǹأԼûǣ
ȣ뵽Щɾ䣬ȴͣǰΪȻģԺȻĲԼ
һߵҶԶȻһԼݣɴӽݾûסʼôͽϾأСǸӾȻͷһ˻ȥˣòԾˣ֪ǺأɡСɻ͸¶ǷԶҲԼɣֻ˵©õżǿǿһԼϢ
벻ͨҶԶֱܷŲܣҲȷʵŲ£ϰµĸס
裬е¶ȥһˣû䣬Ѿʧſˡ
гҲٵĻҶԶ㹻ˣһ·ϳƵһʣ۵糸гĦгЧ
˷ɼңҲţֱԿףǰ췽ɸģʱһû뵽ˡ
ŽݣһûУûˣתСݣһΪҲûˣϸŷǽŵķɡ
һۣҶԶʲôȥһ۵һ顣
̧ͷķɣҶԶߣĿţ񣬾͸ĲǻˣǻӰһ
ҶԶܲˣȥһѰ§סΪʲôҪ¶񰡣Ϊʲô۽ǻۣ
Ҷ磿
ʲô˵
άƣҶԶʶİԽԽ
÷¶ı飬ʵҶԶǽƿҪƻԼĳ嶯
Ҷ磬ˡɾñҶԶյҪϢˡ
Բ𣡡ҶԶϽ֣ٴҪһ״̬лָ
ɽţ˾ȻûˣҶԶԱߣҪʣͱȦˣСɣΪʲôͻȻˣ
ûɼķ񶨣ԼҲûеˡ
УΪʲôûΪѣⲻܺҶԶһҪ֪ԭʲô
ҡԺ뾡ȥҡ
ҶԶȫû뵽ɻô˵ѵҰ㲻ãܰҶԶڰѾˡ
Ȼǣ尢̶̫ˣҲš
ʲô߼òôǰ㵱׵ġ
ɴҶԶĻʹҡͷҲǶôãǶԽҾԽܣ
Сɣǡ
Ҷ磬ӦҰɣ尢̶ҺãҾͻҰ裬ֲ尢̿ҪϿ϶ܣװɲܵ۰ץҶԶĸ첲ⲻȻʱ裬尢ףɣֻô˵ȥ롣

043

ҶԶû˵ƾֱֻΪ˵ԭֻǷ״̬Ҫɰô˵
ȥҶԶȰ˵ģҪʵڲȥͲȥˣﲻֱӸ˵
ҡ֪ô˵
һֱ˵ǵġҶԶһ·ɵͷҲΪ㲻Ҫء
ҶԶЦƵȴ÷ɵԽһ¡ҶԶ֪ż¶
ҶԶһô죬Ĳ˵¶뾡ʵһҪ˵˵ɣʲôأ
ΪҶԶĻ˼Ǿ䲻ҪҶԶƣƬƵģΪ̫񿴲˿ڣȴ۵ġ
˸£ôĬﾲܣҶԶܲ˵˦˦ͷ¥ȥ̫ˣ
Ҷ磬ȥɡɾú£ܴڿʼһĻԼ֡
Ҿϰˣֲ㣬Ͷ¡ҶԶװͿҲ£Լװû¶һ˵ʲôʱըˣÿһߣɶ൱ڵһλ
ҶԶ¥˫ģһһһ룬ʣµķڱͰ
ҶԶ߳Ա˫͵ø˷ųԲζ
ɶű˻ͷʼҪˣͷһڣһڸպñҶԶ;ôβ׵һɵϽŤͷݺݵҧһԼģֱ죬Ϊľѹסа
һûʶȴͻȻһ䣬Ҷ磬㽻Ů𣿡
ĺףҶԶԴһ׷ûɣѧǽһһѧھͱ˦ˣ𣿡
ҡͷһûһڵı
ҶԶܲˣץɵ֣ϵͣȻ졣
ڻıֶǣҶԶѷɵǽϣɿ̽·Ĵ÷һ飬Ҷ磡
绽ҶԶǣϽ֣ԼôħƵģ
ԣԲ𡣡
ҶԶͷ֪ԼʲôԷɣ÷ΪԼʱܾԵĶˡ
СͣȴһƵǽϣźһǷɵ֣ȼһȣǷɵĿڡ
СɣҶԶƿ״ˣСɣȻһ̧ͷɱǲҶԶʹŷɵļƿ
ȦǺģĲã
ҶԶ˶侲Ϊһʣһ𷽳ɺݺݵ׹ȥҪͷɣ

044

ҶԶΪԼʧˣɸɱȣǣѹҶԶ׾ȴһе׵ĵط
СɡҶԶе£±ɳˣֻ⺢ӵƴȥƵġ
ɸҶԶ˵ûֻһƾģסҶԶ£סҶԶһС
ҶԶʼţˣɣſգ淽ϲԺһϴ費վ£ǺۣһηһΡ
Сɣ㿪ҶԶŷɼ򣬼ˡ
ɷסҶԶӲж̧ͷ
СһƺߣҶԶչǿܡ
ԱǺһ̧ͷҶζ
ҶԶԼԴ˵ģ⻹С𣿿ɿŷǲһǰҺ壬Ÿոйĵط̧ͷˡ
ҶԶãŷˣôȥ͵һ˱ɷɲԥĻᣬϣ˵һμ׵ʱһôҶԶ
ҶԶҧסɵҪάסڵľ룬¶˵𣿡
ҡͷЦšѾһˣ˵ʲôҶ类ԼŵҲô
ҶԶ֣ԼϣҪʲô˵ɣǰŲŲĸɲںҶԶֶֻҪ֪ҶԶӲˡ
ͷҶԶѣ̧Ȼôȥ
ҶԶһʧһ˲ˣסɵԼˣ
Ҳںô᲻֪ҶԶˣȷʵں治ں
ںҶԶǺģҲǲûûˣɣ⺢ԼȥԲУ
ɺ󱳶ǽȵӣֱѹţһʱʹϾҲȻˡ
ҶԶͼ治ռʲôƣץһ߱Ͱ˫˺аɣ
ҶԶһѩһ̵ĳ嶯⺢ӵʲôֱһѳӻرͰôĶҲ룿
仰˷ɣȻãĶҲԥǾͻɡɹһ飬߬ڻճҺ壬ˡȻ̽Լ
ҶԶˣŽҧ´üͷһеķɣҶԶˣ÷עɢĹ򣬷ѹϡ
¶ĵı飬˫ȥҶԶĲӣΪѾˡ
ҶԶʹ˱̧ۣ𷽳һȣȥ˺϶Ϊһ
硭ţɵҶԶץۼ

045

ڵƽӲȴϣſ϶Ųˣһֱſڷϣ°ѹˣҶԶ治붯
ǱȻģϻҶԶɴ಻ˣ뿪
ҶԶչ黹ҲȻҶԶһǽǣԼϥǣųһţΨһ·ڵϡ
һﻹҺģٿ£һƬǽ壬˵·ҵĲϣ˵ı
ͷ۷ɣ˵ûпڵ˼һʱͷ̧ͷŹؿƵģҶԶȥȴҲ֪ô㿴ĿǶ
ô˵ȹùðɣϿӣѵϵ·һߣϵ÷Žȥ˶ղء
ҶԶ߿ţǱһ䣬Ҷ磬۷˰ɡ
ΪɱͷϵƣĲ󣬿㹻ҶԶǰڵˡžһղڵϣҶԶа취Լߵǽ߿š
֪¶Ҳ֪һǷһڷʲôԵڣô͵ȵأ
ˣؿƵôԭǿô׾ͳڵģ
֪˶೤ʱ䣬ѾҶԶ˰ϲ֪ʲôʱᣬˣǹлøأô죬ȴһͶûС
һȭǽϣѪˣҲۣҶԶҪľЧһԼôҧ
£áΪܼѣչܳڵġ
ǿԼٿɣǿԼŵķȣǿԼվס
ߣͻȻӺ§ҶԶ˻
ҶԶûתסɵ֣Ȼɿ޵ңȴһ㲻Ҫҵģô޵ôҡ
Ѿ޵˵ֻƴҡͷҶԶò֣תסͣҡˣ޳Ȼúø˵вУ
ŬԼͣȴôҲͣסһһĳؿۡ
ҶԶŸۣɻ޳Ȼﻵˣֻܰ§ڻ󱳣Ϣ˳ˡ
ʮӣƽץҶԶ·ץΣǲ
ҶԶͲ֣µǷͻȻƿ
Ҷ磬𣿡
ûͷûԵһ仰ҶԶһʼҲûףһһ¶ͻȻˣץŷɵļ򣬡ʲôʱ˵Ҫˣʵҧгݡ

046

Ҫİɡ
˵˵Ҹ˭ȥ
ܻôһ˵ġ
Ѿˣ첻֤
Ϊ仰̧ͷҶԶˣﻹңɽЪ˹ҶԶ
㰡ҶԶ𣬲ѪܶҪˡ
ɱöסղôƽʱһģϣģ
ҶԶͻȻˣ̾ղŵõıĶϣ죬ҲǴϵá
ʱ򷽳ɲʶԼһֱû·Ͻץϣ涼Ǻġ
ҶԶͷҵС
ȻָˣǾ̸̸ɣҶԶŷɵ֣ɳ£˵ɣúõسʲôǣ
֡侲ˣһ뵽ôһ죬ֱԼʶϥǣͷϡ
㵽ôóô۵ģҶԶɻ漱ãֻʣȻʲôطס᲻⿪ɲС
ǰǶŮ𣿡
ǲҵôԣ֮ǰزԾˣ
ֲǷ˲ɣԺܵýİʱ򣬶ϣҶԶ˵ûŮѣĻٻ˵ԼûʲôҶԶôȻ˵ŮѣԺϲŮԼʤ
ǽŮѲ٣ʲôоûаҪȻҲֻεӰͷˣ˵˵ʲôѽˣȻشҵ⣡ҶԶʼ꣬ôͲܽأ
ɷֲ˵ˣҶԶǼղãʹ絽ʲôϸڹаģڻطŵǾ仰ʱͨ͸ˡ
ҶԶ̾Ų£Ƕȷ۲췽ɵķӦ⺢ɸŶϸôȷԼۣ
Сɣ㣬һֱúõģȴԷʼͲԾˣǲΪǾйΪϵ˿ң
һɲŵ˵ͷ
ҶԶ̾˿пͷˣǾͼɣȻ뵽һҵĹǼŶ
ɳĸˣǵͷ
ȻͷһҵǱ˵ģԲ˦ң
Ҳǣɼ̧ͷҡ֪Ӧôͣߵ׸òý͡
ҶԶ˰֣ʾȽԼۣȫôģ͸о飬иѹڵŮˣȻԱĥԼ˳ĥң԰ɣ
ҡͷˣҶ˵Ĳԣôİ

047

𣿡ҶԶʵĺԼ˵ˣһɵڴϣ˵ʲôζСԼô
ˣҶԶʲôνƵģܲˡ
ҶԶ
ѽɸˣҶԶһϡ
û취֣ɺۿҶԶҲŮ˽飡
仰ֻҶԶйΪ˿ǻһµã֪õŵ£ڡ
ںĺֻûڣҶԶɵˣͿ÷ɿޣ˵Լǿ޵ġ
Ҳ˵˻ô㵹˵˵㵽ʲô
ҡҲܶԲ尢̡
ôﻹҰ¶
ҵԼҺӣҲǶ𰡣ڰﻰ˵ˡȷʵǾ仰ʱԼĸҶԶղ˵Ĳ࣬ҶԶ˭ȥҶԶȥڶǶŮϾôһӣܲ˽ܲż
ҶԶǳȫˣץŷɵӣôôͲ˵ˣ
϶˵㲻飬󲻻нġһ㷽ɺܿ϶Լ䵭ҶԶ֡
⻰ҶԶЦˣԭôҰԽԽ춼ϲˡ
һ֡˵¶Ȼнĸо
ҶԶԷɵı飬˵ʵҪȥô죿
ɱסˣԼѾʧȥףĲȷʧȥҶԶܲܳܵסʶ⣬ֻ벻ܶԲλˣû浽һԼôҲ룬Ҫ˵ЦףҶԶԼš
û룿ʵʣҶԶҲԿ϶ˡ
š
롣
ҡͷֻһҶԶͱǣվһĻ棬Ҳʹ࣬ôȥ
ҶԶִطɼϣԼãҾҪ㣬Ұүү̵ȤҲТԸԸһڿʼӱТ˳ǣ
ҵȻԸⰡɡ
ҶԶ˸סƣ㣬Ǳҽ飬ܶԷ˭ǻ˼ң¶ǿ϶ɵġ
尢̿϶ԽԽµģʱô죿
浽Ҫ죬Ҿ˵Ҷ壬顣²ȥǾ˵вҲ٣˵
ɵɴ۾ҶԶĸԸ˵ԼҶȻ˵Ȼ
Ҷ磬Բ𡣡ſҶԶϣҶȣԼ˵Ϊ룬ʵֻȴŵ˵Ϊû
ҶԶ֪ԼĻû׷ѣŷͷɵϡ

048

˵ˣȲԺ󵽵׻ô£Ǹ⣬ҶԶܲؼңҲĽ÷һ˴š
СɣһؼסȥɣҴ̡ҶԶرǿ·ɵı¶
ϰأ˵ߵʱҲ尢˵¶ˣһȥ֣
ǡ
㻹˰
ǡһ°鿪ЦˣҶԶȷʵġ
֪ˣϽȥ㡣
ҶԶңٲ˱Ҷ߶Ӵ˼˩ס絽ÿӰˣҲ˵ȥСҲǰⶼûˣ۶ǣ
裡Сɿɲǰ۶ǡ
˭˵Сˣ˵أҶɶӡ
ֲСûԼ¶ҶԶǡ
ҲùأСǺӣܾۼҷŲǲǲԸˣĳЩֱǺġ
ĶǲԸѽˡϽ죬ͺˡ
ˣҶ벻ɶˡ
ġҶԶһܹջҰֶãȥˣʱˣܣӰ쵽ǼաʵҲʵ
ҶĬһ˵ôøô¶ءܾǼ֣ʡһ붫ģһЩ¶
裬¶Сȥһ˶ǿӣϲʲôءҶԶҸڹٸ£ڸɴ˳ˮ˵˰ɣҪͷʡˡ
ôû뵽ҿôɣҶҶԶһѣȥ֣Էˡ
ҶԶһ£ȻôͬˣһתԼ裡
ȻҶԶԵģô˵ҲǰûҳԹˣҶְɨһȦ㰮Ե赹Ǽǵô·ôζ
Ҷһ仰ƣ˰ɣҪ֪ӰʲôĶܿĶԲԣ
һ仰ҭҶְֻܼװԡ
ҶԶϽϰֲ⣬˳ԼСȥ¶ͨ
ȥɣҸö硣ҶְֶԶӱʾ֧֡
ϲģҶӵҶְһš
ҶԶ֣᷽ȥǸȷľҲӦڼҵݡ
ϣҶԶʰһĶˢ׻ϴ·ͷõģĵżð裬˯šֻɷţ˯
̾յ˻ظûأôˣ
˯ţ㡣
λعʱ΢˵˯ɣȥ
ֻĻҶԶ뵽öΡ
УԹڼҵҰ
֪
һ¶ûУҶԶ;̤ʵˣϺӣͷƤԽԽ

049

صϣҶԶһССĻӭʽҶԶŪͦ˼Ҫ˵Լ˵һҲУľˣܰװϢô칻׬ˡ
ԽԽҶԶҲԽԽæûʱ񣬵һ°࣬͸ƵҴڣû¥һᣬؼұ˰Ҫܡ
ȻҶסˡ
ҽҳˡ
˵Ļû϶ˣţ߰ɡҶݸҶԶһӣͷNУԭǸ׼õ͡
ҶԶ§ʹһڣ裬Ұˣ
ɼҵʱҶԶϴֹŴԴǺӣŶõĽš
ſҶԶɺãȻǡ
ȴֽӹһȥҶԶ֣ڳ
ɽӹĴҶԶڳȻ÷ûעӺ§סӽ쿪ʼҰһס
ΪʲôûҶԶеϲãüͷ
û˯ž
尢أ
û˯ĸ̤ʵ
ҲܾôܳҶԶ֣ΪԼܿ죬ҶԶ˵һ̣ƭ˵ģ֪ҶԶǲģرôһֹ󡣿ɣôס£ԼôöԲ尢ˡ
ҶԶ֪زô˳֣ʾˣҰҪһῪģǾܰҴǵҵһ͹
ɻҡͷҰˡ
׻˵ұģñ߱ȽϺ𣿡ҶԶЦ档
ɳĬˡ
ҶԶš
尢Ĳ
ҵҵʱ趼׼װأ˵㲻֧֣
Ǿô죿
ܣûҰ˵ʲô˼Ҫأ
ɡ
ⰡʮΪʲô𣿡ҶԶҵĻôû˵
һ⡣ɲǲţֻǹԼأҶԶѾˣͲʹȥʽ⣬ʸʱİɡ̸͹Ӳһһô죿
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Ҷָָӿŵ˯ˣҸǸϵҹʱ򡣡

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ڶһ𴲣ĨˮͰСӡͷĽӣ˵Խӡ
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һ·ҶԶʵϾͨǰôЩأԼҲպĸоǷΪҵʱ¥ﻹȥҶԶ֡
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ҶԶֳſëߣҳͷݸɣڻؼλֵü½첻Ҫˡ
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