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Ŷǡˡݸ磬ŴûзֹЦݶ˶ģ뿴뿴ϲΧߵֻ͡ǣЦݿůˣȴΨůԼ

Сӣ߽ԵЩյҽԺǴʮмҿɻصĶҽԺҽʿǲЩԳţҲֻŵĲТӻˡ
ҹĻѾ٣ֵúܣžžı˷ȷ壬ˡİҹ䷹ʼİ
е䰡֪ûпƻأһǱȽϲݮȺĳһůˡַ˺öǰɣûбװĵܵԹأ裿Сӣûкúö飬ɱ𾻹ŴϷ̸ǰ֡
ˣǶּҵּҽѧҽô꣬ѵǰѧ𣿾Ȼúõδ򲻵Ҫȥһʿһлʿ㣬ˡ͸˵ҪĻʿҪּˣ
֣ҽͣʵʿҽʲôأҿʱʿҽˣҪʲôҿ̫Ϊķ޷Žս㲵ĲˡҵҽȵһʱȴȲһԵĻԸ죬ƣǵЦҡϲְҵǲġ
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˵ˣҽԺеĹ涨Űסţ

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˵ǲŲԸķء˵ˣĵʲôóԵġСݸ磬ڵɿӴóԵģС鳡
ӣԭһ֣ߣҽϰóԵģͲűȲ㣡
СӣնɿҲûգɵôӦҲܳԣȹſԳԵġ
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ţǸµĺӣѵ¶ԺĺӾ𣿶ȥıˡ
ȥȥȥЩµʱүүǸӶĲǷһƨծ壬ǸȥλүӵĲأסԶЩͨ˵ҲֻһˡǰźĹүӵͦȶҲûµİɡǲ̫ѽ
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ʱһ󵭵ζƮС⣬ǡú찡ǸӣֻҽԺܱ̫ãȻֱվſڣŵζ
˲ˣһԹҽԺһ豸һ߿ʼײš֪գ͸öԵ㣬ôݵ壬ײҲడײͷe
顱һײײ˽ȥһŨúζڴϣƺѾʧȥ֪úѾˣղͱӡ
ղײżȫȻ֪ڵΣգ̲סŴЩ΢ļѾеЩͷˡ˦˦ͷһֻֽүӵִͷһֻֻʣʵڲԼĿڱˡ
ǴӴߵſ̶̵ļ·̣ƺҲóүӣóôԽԽ˰üˡүӰϰ뱧ţߵſڣҲŲסˡֻǰһ˫ȾͲعȥʱһϾ뵽ԼǸúúöˣĻͲôǱ˰
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С֣ŵ㡭һûµġ
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˵ţͷ֣֣ûʲôʱ˰
ԶԣϾͺˣϾͺˣ
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ۣ̲סˣúЦ
ŸղŻЩ׵ƤҲܲЦһӵĹͶˡ
˵ˣ죡ţͷͻȻ߽
ʲôʲôˣæ̽ͷȥ
ʱ˺ݺһ£һȣұһͷȥ
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ҲЦһң棡
һسıƽеôһƼĻᣬ׹䡭

ţͷô𣿡
ҡҾÿ˵㣬ԣ϶û˯á棬㻹һ
˵ʲôʲôûΪЦ͡Ͱѳֲס𣿡
˵䣬λĬϸͬʱתȥ͵˾䣺
ˣЦȴþƮǰ֮ȥ


                   3 
䣬е֫ľˡһܣȴϲ쳣һˣڿ϶ڱҽԺذɵľˣ֫ԡϵޱ޲ô񲻼ˣؿѹŵĸоҲûˡ
˫ۣţǰ֦ϻжûĻѩҽԺ컨嵽ȥˣѵתһ²ӣôԴ߰һȦŨܵİɫëϰֽ˰գ⣬⡭ҵ֣
⣬ҵ
ƾҶĴҽֻʶ̰۵źƵĸ첲ϸѽӦһû̵ްɣ
ҵʮֻңĻһ£ĿǰеľҰţǨĻǿҲͲˡҵڶ㲻״ĻҾĿȥˡ
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Ҳãȼ棬ˣ

һ絽ϣеڰУղԺ˯ȥˡůЩʼܡ
ǰѩϣиԲСѩڹϸһֻСС׻ϺɫƻûãĲǺȤǶͷƫ½ǵĵطһССۣÿɰ͸Ͽһģһôҵٵǣ۾һɫıͷһԴ԰ɫëһĺɫ֣ԭҵФɫ˵أҺҪȥˡ
ſҪʬǰȻԭͷ׻תһȽϿЩĵ·ղﴩҵںη˵ģѵǵ˶ʡɽ
ŵϣʪȵͷҵǴҪˡţͷ棬ҵţ
ںСѩҲǷۺɫСͷᣬţһ˫ֱҿ
ۿ˶ĻͷԽԽǶ˶ѾŵһȳζڼʶʲôѪڡȻһءĽԭСѩҧס˰׻ĺȡСһϷҸϽĴСѩԴãܵġࡱҾǰƺֻǼֻ˹Сè

Сѩƨ᲻óʱһԶǴ׻ҲˣæСѩһԵС
ǰʱͣˣݳһӵĺ󺺣һִһһų಻ĸװֳֻǲ֪ͷĹԱ
ղ񻢴ǰ澭ôһת۵ĹͲˣ׷ôãۿѩѻҪѰټɾˡװ׵ٳĹڡ
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ƿ߳һʮӣüĿ㣬ʺСֻվڳϣĴϸϸһ飬þҵķȻ³㱻˷ˡ

ðɣھεƭҲòϣҲʬˣҴԽˣҪȶʮһĶĵطˡ
ǰһƽףʱɢĸԵĹԣƯޣ磬ôķޣɲ֪ϱʲôǵӶ͸ǵĺӣ°ɡ
ѩЩԵҲֻǳԿˣһͶĺ˼ȥˣø˲Ŷԡ⺢ӣҲԽԽϲȴ֪ļҺ˼ҵĺӣθǴ˼ҡУ⺢ӲϹҵһͷǷƷǻĽҰ룬ֵҪ׷·ˣ²Ϊ֮ƣҲֻаߣӺܾûԶˣǶ˰գСԹԣ
Цأ⺢ǹԣԴ֮Ҳ֣ҵı׻úġ
ůĺܣ췢̫£һˣյ˳硭

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ңڽΪǴ·߼ģ¿ĺܿδҪңȻǲ˵ҲúܡöֵƵ͹ҵĲϡͬʱгйӣǲ֪Ϊʲôûһģҿǽ׽ԵʡȻСˡһĹϵǵڵ⸱ˣ֬⻬񣬾˿ǵļһ㡣

һסڵϼƼҴ壬һ߾ССׯ棬תʮ͹ȥˡ
ҪءԴСʱ򱻶һƺһССĲʱڣܻиͷȣ˷ġνСϣ󲡲һƽƽĳˡٹ죬ҾҪʮˡ㣬˵ĪסˮеӰȻڻδɣѾ˵ĳΣλԵĸŴǲ
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˵䣬ѼӰ˽ǰһһ಼һҲӵСͷֻССҩ䣬үүô
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ͬһ㣬үүװߵ俪ҩٽֻǽɫǲ̫áзĲ£⵽Ժöű͵͵ڴ⡣
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û뵽׵ĲȻѾֵز뵽ʧȥûɵӿһֻš

                   4 
׵Ĳǲϵģ⼸ռ㿪ʼæµ׼ŰҵˡȫҶǡۡͣ뺷嵱ȻҪͬǰģʵҲ˵񻢵ķԴأѾȥܾˣֻǲһҡĻᣬǺ⡣

һգǰԺ﷭ɹԶС·һѰôӣͷɫë¿ʮˣಢʲôֻ֮ຩֱһ֮СֱߵҼǰʱһ£漴޵ÿĺӣǱҪˡűں壬
ׯͻȻˣҲ֪ͨңԶԶľǵľʶǿǲĹϵ
ׯӭ¡һ߾顣ԭλׯǵϷʱĸһáϷʱׯ廹Լ˼˽Ǯȫ˵˵ƼҵĶҲΪֻϷ˲ŵ㣬ҪֲȥˣγҼʵӻȥࡣϾϷ˺ܾãҲ겻ѡ
׵Ŀݴ̧ͷ˿νļͽıڣȻԼɽˣƾЩ΢룬ά׵ҩǮҪҳԷ£ӾʵЩ˵ǰͣѾʮˣҹĲҵĸԡԵһϷϢûж룬Ҫׯȥ˼
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̹˵Լ뷨ϣܹ֧ҵѡȻʼʱﲻԸסҵĥӲݣջǴӦˡңжرˣôҲв㱨˼档ׯҲﱣ֤ᾡԼŬչңֻϷѵʱȥæȶȹѹغҵȥϷʡźӦˡ

ôˣѾҵׯҲæߣҼʱסپһ
ֱʱر죬峿ǸߵʱˡҪȥҩҪ̤һ;ɾɵݳ壬ֻεĳϣҵλá§ңĳţվһԣϸϸҵüۣôҲƵģȦѾˡ
׵Ļ˳ףʱҲ磬ˡٲߣׯǰ͸ϲһˡ֮˵ңΪԸҲҪ࿴۵ģɽҹ˵һǵﶨŴҸϽ·
Ȼһ⻰׸Ͻ˲۽ǵˮ½󣺡ĲүСС;Ҫ
ۿ׵ֿʼæǺԼ˼кθɣ尲ãһҲҪȥһġףҪӦһҪһ
ţҵĹԺӣһģ⣬ҪģׯĻ
ǰҴׯǰׯ֣⺢ӽ鷳չˡ˵֣صĽҵֽׯС
ֵܣׯĳһУ
أױأ屣أһҪһȻתׯ¿ӣҲһۣһ߲֮ˡׯ忿ҵĺ¿¿ӱ㣬ɵеһֱ׷۹ԽԽԶǰڻǱģ

ƼҴĴУгǡˣǵ˳еʱҲѾǻҶ׷ɵʱˡгı򣬳פоӣԹ֣˿ҲܡׯڵϷ࣬ڴ˳֮С
ǰССĺԺ䣬û뵽гҲСϷ࣬סĵطôƫԶ֮ǰׯѾҽ͹ԴΰĶҲΰͽϷࡣֻƽֺУֲҵŰϷŪزׯ岻ĺúһֺžʹ䣬Ŷ˼Ҫ

߽ţ žžƤ޳Ұһ׬ǮģǴ㹩ģСӾȻűүˣ׳԰סܣΪҾͲɲӣҽͺúýѵ㣬ҽܣܣ
ֻһССӰǽǣƤһ³ϣȴûзһϵѾӳˣѪԱվŸʮӣɫףʱڷ߷߲ƽıߴš
ۿһҪ鵽ϣæǰס֣ôŹСӣȻѾĿԼҲǸӵʵˡ

лҪ˵ɶ䡭 
                   5 
ǮһӣǿϷһ룬ͷϡ˭֪һǰǸСϷſ̽ͷ̽ԣȻܡײǹϣһӱֻǱϾǻǮģûó黨ƯӽҲǲ
˱ӳ𣬺Ȼǰһһϸֻһ۵վǰסСϷӡǰɫòԼСѷɫȻһֳ֮ˡһĴֲȴסһ嵭֮ҹɫк˵ʲôԼȻȫûע⡣
ʧ˺һᣬǮ㱼ԼƺʼһֻҪǰ˶ȥ

ҵǺǰ𣬶˾һֺҿֱúëҪˡòˣȴһֻ벦֣ݣǱٳĺӣһʱԭء
֪ǺãͻȻһֻҵסֻצٴȥҪˡĺӣ
ϡׯѽ˾ͺˣǺǡǮڨڨЦţİֳ˻һǰڹģǿòɤӣԺǮ˭֪СӾȻӲԣéʯͷֳӲ
Щ겻ɢ˷ӣ
˼ҵĺҶأ⺢ӶȻҲǽֱ洦ɼģṩʳסѾǺܺõˡλǣƺׯΪɵҲǣԭϷҲΪׯſԼֵڣҪׯ׬أ̬ȵȻҪЩġ
ѵĺӣ֪ϷѣǹѹأԺͻȥġ֮ǣɱ⡣
Ҳʲô棬תǺӰ뱧ڻӳһŲ԰׵Сµǡôķֲϣ˫ü΢Գһ˿Ӣֻ˫޹⣬׵Ĵϣݽҧİ߰ѪղȷʵúˣѾЩǲ塣ǸǿĺӣɾǾǿĺۡ

ԺСҪһϷʮˣͬ˯ⲻ˵ġǺڴһϢӣĵΪʿԾַׯһ䣬ׯǲᷴԡ
ĺԺȸСȫܹǰԺ䣬ǰסϷĴˣԼȵȣǴѷŵߵĵطҺǺģǰһʱڲطסںĩһ䷿

ѾֽţǼ֪ܲܳΪ·ǲʵɻⲻ˿ڡڻ˯УǸеʹϸüţüľһÿС
Ѿˣȴӡµİ߰Ѫ۸ϸ۰ƤϣĿģ֪ССͣôͦģܹҧһԡ뵽ϵĶԽСˡ
˹һˮСĵ˿ڣȻİȡҩ࣬Ĩ˴үүңһЩõҩұһݣ˼ҩҡʱһ޷룬ӦǾɸΪ֮ˡ
˿ڼȶҩൽջҩʱͲˣǺģ߷߲ƽţȻ󴦴һʹ·Ǳعסһ㡣̧ͷȥͼһ˫۾ҡ
ˣԶеĨɡĽ壬βסϲ
ϸ֮£ſۺ˯ʱ˵ĸоȻͬƺɢһĹɫҲ͸˳ͬ˵ĳ졣ǰ۵ĺܣȻװĺ׶
˦˦סֵԷſеۡģֻǰҩѣԼ˵¶һΪͰЦݡҲ֪⺢ôһץˡ
˭֪һЦ󣬾ûġҲ˵ֻǴĶҿҿҪˡ
ûзֵĴ㣬ҾԼֽ˦ʧ֮ǻعٿһ°˻ȥָӡϺȻƣɷǿɰ
ڵӣҿΪǸֲ֪οڵıŤС
࡭ĸأϺӣӶȥˡ
ǿסЦ⣬˵쿪ˣͲҪȥˡ˹ɡ
ͷ̧ͷһۣѽƺǷ۵׵Ц⣬Щյıͷȥ

˷ţѾϼˡ֪չһ硣ƺԼҲ緹أڸˡ
ôæֱʱ߽ԺǺ˴˸档ҶæųԴҵǷѾׯ£ǺӵķݾͲ֪˭ĶˡҴææ˸ҽܣ˦һƬ桢۵Ŀ⣬ȥ
ԶԶľͿһСԴſڴڣšһҵӰϾ˻ȥŽݣڴϷһССǹ̫æԻ¶ֻѩ׵СţΪֺ΢΢š
һĹҪ˯𣿷ûءͷһְֻͷıƿһֶյǶˡ
ǶúˣһͦеĿӣ͵ģʼʳ
ԵôģҵĶҲ֪ʲôжˣûегΪʲô⼸鶹ˣڿôóԣղôûأĺܺó԰ˣԡ

ǰɣ죬ǰǸ⻬ͬϴ룬ʵǲǰ˽ֻΪһСܳôģ˵ʣµĸԼء
ʲôֲʲôöѳˡ
ѳ㻹ԵôɾҰԹĳһۡðɣ˺ܴĺ󡭡
ͦİͯһ˵Ҳ˵⻹ǵһ˵
ҿˡûͷûβһ䣬ˣһţһվšȻѾһ磬ٶ˱ˮҲûʲôһİ˷ʩµôȻСϰߵģһСʵǺܲѰˡֻǸĺӣߵָʹ˵ϰ߰
ˮʱһĸղŵΪʳֱǰƣ˹˹ĵģǴҵүװĻͦҪǸտĳ࣬ҿ»ᱻƭȥ
ţҽأ

ԺҾͺסˣҪָҵİɣȻȥʰ

ܰĬ˺һᣬȤֻöʲôԳ伢Ķأɺ޵Ǯô׼ʲôÿԵķӣȻһʣûУ
ɫҲˣǰԺ˶ˣׯصԺȥ
߻ط䣬ŤСѾ˯ˡչ˹ôСû˼ƷģҲʮһ꣬ƢǲС̾ŹŴС죬ƹӣҪȥ

                   6 
ʲô
ѽһԭ⺢ӻû˯ʱһ˫ǽ䱸۾ҡ
﷢ëæ˫ֱҵףûֻ˯
ⴲ̫Сˣſ֫ڴϣ뾡ѴֻⷬеĶǣ˿ڣ۵ֿ߳
ܵӣҵһӾˣæֵúúãȥ𶯣С˿ˡ
ݽϯڵϣٰһӶ̺ãûжӣֻһţһˡ

ҹȻοСıֻǱһ㣬ѾûˣټձڵֶԺ䣬о˺ҡ
ι˯𣿡

Ϊʲôҽзԣ

ܷ˶ûԵġ
ѹֽһ뷹ԭԵʡ
ԹûУ
š
ĶڽҮܳ

㣬䲻䣿

ι㻰
⺢ӣѵҹèĺˡ
һϤϤͷŸеһָֻҵĶͷĺ
㣬㷢ˣ
ѹƤص̧أԭëˡ
áң˯һ͡ˡ
ιιѡ

ȣơţֺ˯ˣǾһָûС˭ˣڽ
ˣⲻТӣٲּˣ
磬ϰǰɡ

Сݸ磬ҪԺˣһҪҰ
ֻʿ̫ллˣ

ιɱڷչ㣬ǻĶˡ

һܳΣ͵۾ǰǻɫĴʡǵ˯ڵϵģôᵽˡϳԼһѹôůһ͸ȶҲˡ
Ȼֽű߻ŸӰſڴ˯šһܾСӰŻŵ˯úǳֻͨ۵Һһᣬ׷ʲô¡
չ𣿡

Ȼ԰Ұᵽϣĺܴ󡣡
ߣ
̧ͷ˿⣬ǻɵһƬԺҲûһƬİ
ƿһǣֵúܡ
ԥ˰ΣŤ˽ССѾͨ졣Щ۵ıסӡûҲˣֻӻǺܽӲƺϰߺ˿ôɡ
ллչรСѡ
ҲСѣ
㲻֣ôأ
ҸҵԶ
ţԶԶԶ
ιûôʲô
ŶҰѰĲ
Ȥ
Ǻǡ
ˣ㺦ģҪ˯ˡ
ã
ʲô˼
˯þΡ


վˣվˡȸҵɤ˵ǰʦܿʮˣȻϿǸϺˡ
ʵǺҲûô˯ţһľͱˡԶѵʱԹǷƵġҲһͬ˯飬Ǵҵĵ̰ɡ
ҴҳԹ緹ҺԶԺĺվһţŰҲܿѵ
һɤӡ֣뵽ǰĵĳϱı£һϷľԱʩʩȻͷȻһǰ٣һֲޡѽѽѽ

˿ߵԶȻѾϰˣһӡ
ݣ
վһλݿǰһ˶٣㿪ڳ¹,ѽ,Ұ֪Ļ˵ȥ,Ȣ쿴ѽᡭ
⣬ǵɤӣôĲôడⲻǳٵô
ʵǶˣʱϷԶûҵǰǰḻƣνϷҲֻǳһЩͨ׶ٵ׸裬ܹԳƵϷģҲֻЩͷϷǻʼϷࡣΪԼһЩߵ׼ҪСϷҲֻܱһЩ棬Сˡ
ں˼ʱܿѾߵǰˡ
ԣˡɱɤ۰ҲСǰŽģͳס񡯰ɡ
ԣҲ֪Զĵôģúõĸô֡
˭֪ղŻһ첻µزµԶȴͷϻεĴһƻĴתǲǰܿ
ֲסֱܿĿ⣬Զǿˣֻ°ͿֵؿڣҲĨ֬һ㡣
ΪԩҹݣΪԩǳ곶ס֣ĵҲڻȪڻȪԣ֡ 
˸ͷұתȥ͵͵Цԭôһӣкﳪоǡͯδ䣬ֳôԸôְԹζ
һ꣬ͺݺݵһۡ˫ۣǣһ˿ֻЦݡ
һûӦܿڶ𣺡ģҲûѧʲôӡʱҲӦ䣬һ׳ɡ
ҵС˭涨СĺҲᳪ˰˵ˡ
ԶǣЦĿңߣ֪˭ղǳİԹġ˶ˣҽӲˡɿתţǰϷΡѧʱ٣ϲβûУǰ㣬˭ǵøʰ
Ȼһ뵽һΣҲܺϲʣɤӣصԶһۣų
ϵ¸ã
һƸճᶡ
ֻڲçḡ
ȴԭǸ
浾绨ˮ
жñȷ
ü۽ǲ
Цò¶ᡣ
ǰͣ
ĵȴƾʱѡ
ò׳ˣعܣֻһĶҡʲôҳĻðɣôʵǰҸо˵
ãðúãطⲻСôһͷͿ˷쳣㵸ұѾ˴Ԫ״ӲӵĹ⣬ΪֻӺ˸Ȥġ
һ𣬴סҲѹܿĶҵϷָˣϰµĻҵԱסˣ񰡣һϷġ˵ҵСû֡
ôϣſôǵһΣЩ˼
̣ܿôͣô˵
ڻСƾܿôľ飬ٹ꣬һ쳹԰ĺɤӣҿɴûܿҵļͷΪ΢΢š
Ŀ𣿻ܣһõŲϲףǰϣҵϣĿԸıһУǳԱů𣿿Զ¶ֱϣһŸս̵˺ۣˣҪٰҿΪϷ㹻ǮͿǶϺӣҲΪﱨ
뵽ӭܿĿ⣺̣ܿһúģͷİɡ
ãáŻصİұڻͺסһϣ

ʱ򣬳ϵׯҲˡܿĻҲʮֵĸˡСȻĵһȻӶ࣬·ϣҲ̾Ϊֹˡ
Ǹˣȴ˲Ϊ˵ʲôĶ׳ԻɤӣзݣΨûҵķݡ޺޵ĽˣֻߵԶԭ˺г𰡣ԣСҧԼͷ
Ĺεģ챻ôңһҵǷˣھȻҵЦã´ĻᣬҸӶԣݳԣܿԡԲԣ
һߵָ˳˳Ӷ
磬Ҫ֪ԴûЦء
⺢һѣô¡СЦҲܺÿԣ֮ǰҲЦһΣǴǷЦ˵κǺǷ

лҪ˵˫գд˵㣬¸ 
                   7 
磬ܿŽҳ˼Сһһ׵ĳȥüҲߵʱѾü۽ϲˡ
ԹֱܿȥرѵرʹࡣոԶҩҰֻԼͿˡֱȵһҲƣӻص
ϣԶѾ˯ˡŵıβһӣҪ̣ȴһ𣺡Ҫʲô
㲻ϰߺ˯ʵܺõġ
ôĴһҪ˯𣿡
ףʲô˼ѵ˵ҿ˯ˣ
˯㡣⺢ӣ˵˯ôͰԴȥˡ
ĵĻϲұűϴԱߡ
˯һᣬԱߵͱͱҵι񣬺ͽ糿һ˯ɡ
˯һģʲô糿ϣ
ҰûֲˣҸ첲ôû˵˵ͽ糿һι
Ҷ֪Сӵɣһģ۵亹ˣǲòҵ˯ƣʼŬŽΡ
򲻸ˣǰ뵽ˡǺǣԭҪ˯ѽ˸ӣҿԻȡůȷʵůͺܶࡣ
ƽƤӣٰҵϣ§ɢҩӣ˯þˡѹŵĺʵĸоȻûãҾ硣

ͷϸϸǰžϸ۹ü֮ǱǿĴʯסһ㡣ϸϸü£ĽëͿ֬ϸ״ɵļ¹·ӨӨĹƺ뵽ʱǵī˫Уת˹⻪
ĵЦݡһЦ˳ǣЦ˹
˵̰ůϸֽ˽΢΢ؿڣߴ
ûôĵĸо糿ƺǳô󣬵һ˯ôȣ˱˺ѵʱôǰȻصı֮£ǸеǿҵĲ¶ڣָоʧˡ
Ժ󶼻زȥˣҲҪֻҪߡʲôȨƵλʲôٻȣһ۵ȤǷֻռԶռȥҺܿģԭΪ׽ŪңڿҸøлϲԣ㡣ôݣӲСûϵڣһᱣ㣬úõġ


һ˯˵ã̾ŻãĳֻӲˣ۵ҡ
ûǣô
ѾӦܿɤӵġ
ȥ˯
ⲻðɣӦ˵¡
һѱѶŪˣô˯
ԭô£һΪأװ׼һѡСӣ˯§ôҵˣ˻û㣬ȻֿʼԹˡ
ȻǸӡ
Ұǿϵİצ㣬ѹ˱ǣȻʼ¡ֻںֹ˵ʲôʶġá֮ģЦų˷š

ǰԺܿѾڵˡΪءܿЩЩȽϾСңķӴʾ䶼
ϸˣףԸĶ˼ʣȻ󽻸ܿܿ޸ĵĵطԸĶǾͿԿʼϰˡȻǻᳪǲģҪϰ̨߲磬һһ֣ת׵ĽǶȣҲҪϸϸգϰܿⷽһ֣ʾͷͷǵҲò̾ϣ̴氡

ԺԭϡϡӰҲˡҵϰҲһ䡣֪Ϊʲôҵ϶ЦݡҪɻ̧ͷ
Ť˲𣿡
һľңǸûûεġôҲ꣬߸ͷȻ˵Ͽɲˡɱͷƣ߲ʩʩȻ
ѽ˵ˣˣҪæС
Сڣˡæͷס󺰵͡ҿɲɧ˰׵ġֱЦ˫ۣȻˣˣҪ糿һ֮𰡡
ΪʲôҶô˰
һ˲ˡ
˭㻹ûشǰһء
ҵĻشǣͲ㣬
СӣʲôҲȥʱô

𰸺ܿڲϽˡ
ÿ·нˮҲ׳ƵǮӣΨһ˵ȻСˡǸĵӣƽʱԷʱ˵ľͷûˡ
ΧڲԣûҪߵ˼һ۰Ͱ͵ĶСǮСɥ˵ɥ»ˣҿ˫׹Ҳûôܹ
ֻ֣쵽ǮһöͭǮŵǰڶöÿһöɫͲһֲ֡סûǮȫҪȥˡʮöתһǰЩǮжЩʱҲǺõġ
ǲȻһôϲǮô϶Ǯأ֪ǮɲǸСĿˡҲõǮɣϾѾͶôǮȥϣзôһģʹϴֲɣĻᶼûˡӦþǶͽͨɡ
ת˴ӣתǰˡ½½öͭǮŵԶǰȻüͷȻչ¶һթЦˣͼܣǮͭӶԶҲ⣬һۣ㽫ϵͭǮ뻳С
ˣû뵽ҲŸ죬ͿǮׯ˼ΪصԴҪЩҾȻֵ˶ʮöͭӶС緹ĲҲˡ
ǺǣҲã㲻ңҲׯģԶҩѾˣҪȥһЩүүҽҩ治ǸǵġԶǳһЩ˿ѾˣҿԺҲʲô̺ۣھֻʣһ˿ڻҪٷҩ
еǮС߬˱ǮСذؽ¡
ֵط֪᲻ͭаš
ѵǽ߳࣬īߺڣҵʲôʱҲôˣɻԶһۣƺǱ룬˸۸ҡ

һʱ䣬һƬݺԣͯͯжȹˡѵʣʱ䶼Ǻĺһѵ
ҲֻԶʱҲڶռȷ档ò̾ѵǶôðұܴݲеģõһ㡢㡢İο

緹ʱСȻҵԤϻָˣֿʼ˼ҵ֮սҪׯһȥһˣ˭֪ԶҲҪһͬȥ
ȥʲô
ֳȥʲô
Ҫҩ
ҲҪҩ
⺢ӣҲҺһİһǼٵġ
žˡΪʲôֻ׼ȥҽǮˣҲҪȥÿСϣдί벻ʡ
СԭǲӦģΪԶǰơһԶ飬ׯ˵úÿǣСҲͬˡ

лҪ˵ҲǷϻ࣬һС߳ 
                   8 
ʣˬơʡ֣ʵĿֻһǺڵ顣
⻹ǵһιŴĴУ黹ЩϴֻǴҴһƳǰʱ֣ԿĲǺڿϸϸһȫòˡ
ͷӿӿһЩС̷·̯߰ӣŸָС⡣ЩСɵĶǰҲûм˵ɶ칤̫˼ɼŴ˵ǻҲǲСӵġ
һһէģȴĺܣԿǵĳ£Եöô롭
ׯҲͰˣԶ͵СôҲװСͷһװѵòСһףҲΣ㿴·жǿ 
ҷ߷ߵţȫû뵽ҵΪʲôԣʵڱҲǸ𣿺ӱֳĺܡԭòҲǺܻģο

תתѰѰ١㿴һһġҩ֣һͷ˽ȥ˭֪ԶҲ˽ҷһۣûҾҩģߣȻҲҡ
ɵǣׯҪ̸ĶԼҩ̶ľ¥ϣǱֿжˡ
ҩ̲СǰԺ쾮һƴˣкų̈ҩ̿⣬߲ܡ˸ˣֻҪ˭ûСʹģҩи˵ĽҩģȻҲЩ˵ıҩġ
ǰܽľǣʵҩĵЧöǲģ˿ҪǮҪӣЩҩ˵ҩ˲Ҳܳˡ
ҪҩҲÿҪһ㣬⼸þͺáҲͻ˰˸ͭ塣˸ͭѾСµĹˡ
ڵŻƴʱһͷһԶ˭ǰվһҶˡǹսֺ
һĹôֺͱ˳ˣæǰȥʲô¡
Ҫи󵽣ģƾʲôҪ㣿
СӣһûģûҼүҪݲ𣿼˿ɻأҹЩ
ŸɾЩһССҶҲ˷ү˭үˣҲҺ棡
㶼ʶѹôԲѡãҸҼү˭ʱճ
˭˭б¾Ϳ˵
ߣҼүг̫ءľ˾˵ı̵ô˰ɣ
ʲô˾˵ı̵˵˾ǰ˸ӴŵԶݣʲô԰ڵġ
СӣŵúܰãҾʶһ£ʲôоƲԳԷƣ
ۿǼҶȭͷҪҵԶϣ⺢ôҲ֪Ҫ㰡ûƵվǣϹһƵЦݡѲɵˣǰܵˣٰһȭ
ˣȥҲûͽ£ȴеĨʧ롣
ͬһʱ̣ȭͷҵұϡ
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ǰðҲ졣ţҺϣԶ֪Ҫ۳ʲôӡ
ֻԶҵڶ𣺡ˣûʲôģҳʲôҿӦģ㡭û°ɣҪҡһ˿͸βסĻҡ
ǿЦ˭֪ȴǵԶ۷죬ҪΪᱼˡ
ΧΧ۵ҲЩȥˣ׷ָǴ˵ļҶƺһⶼûУưվԭء
ҷסԶļ΢΢ѹԶҲѵ˯þˣһףʵǾʤ㲻󣬶ҴаհȥӣԶ˵˼䡣ͷ
ǼҶҧ䣬ΪǴӱ˰ɣʶľͿûСӺš
Ҳֱڳ⼸յѵɹΪŸſ񣬶ȫ״
Զҵĳʵβ˺Ѻ㳢ǸɦͷͷʱָҲʱصǼҶıǼϡ
ֲɵģɵĻϡҵָ
ӽıһĻء
ƣ˳˪˼ԲǷһ䣬ҵֻ˸Ȧβ
ܶʱһк˷ϡٻͷǼҶѾɫ࣬촽ҲǣҲǣѵҪԼͷϲɣ
޺޵ض˶ţҲ˲үĲβˣعǵĳЦͷҲصˡ

ߣԺ󻹲ԶĿĶӵıӰתҵӣеŭ˵Ϊ̶ᷢգʲôӢۣɱָһм㣬һҵġԭаհͷģˡ
˵ļ̣еĹȴ¶šֻЦҲ˵ҵȥͷǰһֻסҵһḧұıֻ͵͵صԺ󲻻ˣҲˡ
⶯йģεվţû뵽ԶҩƵճϡ˦Ҳǣţ˦Ҳɣô˿ء
⵱ڣԼʱ˫ݵڳˡ
񣬲ԣû°ɣǷʲô
ׯ尡ˡĿӵȺ˽󻹸һŸӡԶҲʱ뿪ҵؿڣûˣ硣

ղŵδ˵һ飬Ѹׯһ޲õ־Ͱҵ·˵ˡòײű˿
ʱһֱվһûг˺ȻʵղţλСӳô
ʶĵ˵ͷ
úðáȻתͷׯ˵Ǵ¾ôˣ㿴ѽ
ׯһϲõĺõģллܹܵˣһŰл
лͲˣҲǿλСӳĺòŴӦġֻҪϷ˸ˣ̫ش˾͸ˣ̫ش˸ˣūŵȻҲ͸ˡ
ǣǡׯһϷˣôʧġ
ҲΪˡȥú׼ɡ
ߡ

λܹܣׯǻǱӡôˣ
Զȡҩׯߡ
ׯ߱ߺСߵһȻðһ䣺ˣˡ
ʵʲôˣղ˱𣿡
ǰг̫ؼҵܹˡٹһ󣬱ǸϷ˵ʮ٣һҪϷȥġµʢʱȥ̫ظݹܹҲʶһ˵ϢҾˡԭǲ̫ͬ⣬Ͼ۽ʱͬաղǵĳʣˡǺǣг˭ù̫ȥֻҪһԺµ˻𡣡
ԭ̫ĸѽȥݣѹׯ˳ˡ

صĺԺʱѾǻƳϡΧųԷׯϲµˣϲüң˷ܲѡܿĦȭƣдʡȻԶҲܸеʵʵĿ˹ˣҲ֪뵽ʲôѵĶҪĥҡ
ߵԶͻȻҵĶ䣬صĵж㡣
תͷȥְͷƲ˱𴦣ֻܿһĨ޺졣
ûҳԸɾķܿѾȲİҴӷԳ˿ȥൽķħѵܿȻ뵽Ҫ̱ðĵӣΪиף찡ˣҵϡ
Ҳǰĵʱ򣬽ѧЩҪȻһд㿪ʼĻҲ̫ˡ
òӳ죬Ѿҹ˾ˡֱȿԺ͸ӿһ綹ǽԶԼ˯ˣ⡭

                   9 
վſڣҲ֪˯ûУȻĵţȴĹ졣˰ɣӲͷƤƿţ˽ȥ
Ϥڴͷ˫۾ȴһ˲˲Ķŵġˡ۹⣬ôһԹ͵ɷأ
Ķţվԭأ˺һᡣµµתţܲҳЩ⣬εա۽Ƴһ룬һֺںҺ壬ƺйϤҩζ
뵽ȷʵȥҩģæʵﲻ
ŲҺõúܡ
ǡָָϵ롣
ġ
Ҷ룬ϸţƣʣʲݣˣҶôô죿⣬ⲻҰһҩϵҩүү˵вβûǿġԶô֪ģˣԼȡҩһʱ򡭡
أøжԭҩΪʲôҩ֮ĶףҺ֥
ϵҩȻȥѾˣˡ
УҪҵĶɡ˻һӺȥͰҲˡʵ˵డϻҪװܺõӣ´һǡ
ͷӣڹԣЦĿҡˡ
ȻƼϵļӡǱ˵ӡ
ôŪģ۲ۣûͿҩˣ
һμҩԺ󲻻ˡȱң㱳ˣ·ҿ
˰ɣһоûУҶˡ
Уǵѡǳת𣿱ôҿû·
ԼԼ
¶ԶһӰеһֻ΢Сϱ򵽵ĵطԶڱĵ𣺡ģⱿɵϡ
ҵ˲ô˵Ļء
˵ûµİɡ
ߣ׵úͷһˣˡ
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䣬ǿ쵽ȥɡ
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ѵʲôѳԵڵȴҵ񰡣֪ܲͦȥ

ԶϣȻкҲȥϨ˵ƣѡеȥһ󣬽ͳС
ҶϸȻ塣Ҳ֪ʲôģȻڰҹ﷢͵ĹϸצҪȥĴ򷨲ͬһһȫһģһˡҾȵĿԶһĽ͡
ҹ壬ҡԶе壬˼ƺҲɵңԶĹȥ
ʱȥˡ
§סҲûοĵĵȴģ˭֪Զ˵ͽˡ
ûбҪ˵𣿡
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ܡôģȻڶû˷֡
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ŷŽŵءֻǰСȱ߶ѡ
ŶΪʲô˻ǵЩСùԿ
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ǲС
ðҵĶԲԣң
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ߣ˭˵ҪˡˣԶǺܲҵСİϸϸţȻסһ
ôˣ
⣬ϺõѪء
ʲô˼ɲǺģúء
ɫԶͨԡͲ֪ûˡ


ม˻ôҧңѽѪˡ
Сǣһʹ̲סˡ
һʺѪҺҵָ£ϣȻֳһɫ·ǵѪˮںһЩ·У̳һѪǵѪոɾһָֻԭǿ̵
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Ѿء

㰡Ѫ֮ŵģҲֻ˵ѪҵѪǲᱻȥġ
Ϊʲôأ
˵ѪϲϳӤΪ˵ǴСŵģǿ϶ԭѾˣǻɡ
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۵İȥҪԶҩĥۣûƵģóԾͳԣ˯˯һҲϵҲõ߰˰ˡǰҼ죬Ŀʼбˡ
ңϱ§ѡ˯ҲʹࡣԶǺܴ֣ǴҲҳġҾ£ҵÿָָϷ˵Ĵٿ㵽ûȸף٣ҾҪһȥϵˡ

׼˰ºһˡ
ҺƵģһƬڵʱԺæˡûȳ緹һе׼ͶˡȻ̫ظľǴ𣬵ʵϷ˵ҪϲͷϷֻʱдݳĻᣬȻһϷѹᣬҲѾǼΪѵõˡ
˴ҴҳԹ緹ץʱһŸԻõ·Ŷ̫ظȥ

ɵĴţǰʯʨӿɱҸߵĶˡŷŵʱд˽һСģŴС̫ظĴŰǰŵƽʵģò֡
ֻԶԶľѡǸ۽ѽܹƵһϣһС˸ٴθ̾⸮ڹ󣬴ǰߵţȻ˿ʱ
ǱںԺųһСԺţͬǵϷҲԺӿǰԺֵϷ֮Уһ
ʱͼһ޶׵ŮŸɫȣĴӳǰȥϯ˰ɣô˵ϾҪֵϳˡңһڵһϡʵ˵ôšû£Զ컺һ¡

ǰϷ඼ѾȥˣԺֻʣǡԶԶľͿܹ֣ׯæкǸϡ
С·ߵϷ̨ĺ󷽣ǡǰӵСһ䣬̨
ܿ°׵ӣŵ̨ȥҽﱧǰҺü졢ޱȵá
ڵϣ̨ºѹѹͷ̫صӹȻܴҲûʲôף˿ƽºᵯ㳪


                   10 
̫ĸϷ˵ʮ٣Ϸϲ˺üϷӡȻ֪ĺϷϣԼҲûҪҪͷϷ̫̫סˣǴżѾϯϷ̨ӵһ¥ϣȽ
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˵ǣǾͻذɡ
Ϸ˸תҪ¥Ȼһĸʱعȥ
ֻһСϷӣһãԵԳšһˣ±һ۵Ľк

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ϷҲΧһߣߴߴ˵ͣ϶ǻϲЦݣҶǰҵׯأһϲѹûأݡӶ׼ˣ
ŷӦ׷׻ͷæԼȥˡ
ſŵĵӣЪһЪͳãֳֵ۵úܣοǰôԶԱûˣԱ͵
ʣǸղλõС𣿡
̧ͷǰվһʮ߰ŮӣһѾߵķΣϴŵЦҿ

ղվԶû塣ԭСϷӾôü䣬ݰףϸ֫ŮӶҪˡ
ϸǰ˶ԽԽ᲻Ų۾ţһˡ漴뵽ݣһϷӣ㳤Ҳûʲôáϧˡ

λ㣬𣿡
ţŶԣҼϷ˵ˣ㳪úã͵ġ⣬ϷϣԼһ
УˡһûأԶҲʲô졣
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ׯĶ˹ҺԶͳԹߡĺ£ׯȻŹһ£˼һϷ̨ͬݳǲԼĵλ𣿶ҼݻɵӲŲɡ
һж̸ˣǴѾߵʱ˰ң˵Ϸ˵Ǯ򿪴һӣէ࣬Ǯ˰ǡ

ϵ̫ظӵ֡
ȻǮϷ඼ֵһŵӣȻɫȲЩĿˣһʽ翪ʼ֮ǰƽʱԵıȫζ˼伫Ʒ
˵СЪϢȥˣҲҪᣬͻġ
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Բԡĳ˿ŭ
ԳԳԡί޵ġ

ΪǼݣϷʱѾźˣҺҵһҲ׳ƵѹϷű˱ݵʱ䣬ҺܿڼӽҵǿҪ£ԵԳĳܿࡣϾϵҪĶ࣬ǰˮƽ͵ĺá
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ʱ䣬ҲൽˣʱǾƺ֮ʡ
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ЦЦˣߡ
ܿһ̨һߣվǰԶով洫һЦҵ󰡣ȫˡȻ̨ǰѾ˱Ц׼ٵʱϻǲ֬Ϳĺ񣬸
ܿ￴ѾվˣңͿʼɷѩѩȥͽһĿЦ
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Ȼ첻һƬ

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⡭ðɡ鷳ͷԵȣһ·
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гǵλͷүǶۼ̫ظУΪϷ˹ʮ١һЩýˣʱѾʶϷһСϷӵľɤ˵Ϸ˻Ҫһڱ֮䴫ˡ
˭֪ϸгһϷˣ۽ҲһĸߡܹϣҪһģǶȻǼõˡ˶Щڴ
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ռȻҪϷף٣ȻҪ˶飬˾͹ҪСèٳһ̫غЦͬˣܹæ˴

پƣСèٴγȴǲԶĸ̨ϺȻһèȥˣòӶʱ
泯죬ɲգһɴҹķ΢΢ƮţһػȼСɢ嵭ŵϢʹ·֮СֽȻͬĸоȴͬһϣûһ˿ͻأ֮С
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վ̨£ʱֻʣһضΪ֮ʧɫ˶ֻƮĸ˷ֲŮȴһɳζ뵽һ˶춼§Լ˯ģԵǲ
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Ϸ˵Ϊĳ˵ľݳԲĻǰμǶеС׷״̽СϷӵϢ۵ʱѾ˻ؼҵ·ϣڿϧջûʲôջޣջָûԵóԵĶ

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Ϊĳɫ֣ΪϷҲܹ׬ǱϢһ졣
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첻ǳһҲʮ壬ԡʮգʮǰĽҵġ
ڷϣɻĳŶС̫ˡȻϺõô̽۹⿴ңÿһȥʱͻƵı˿ʶ𣿻УȻز˳ԣص⶯û
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иǿģŵϸϸһԶСϵҹӹһ٣ԶϵѪꡣ
ֻƺͷ˶԰˵ܺãǰСӴߣǷӾ㻹ˡȻĿһۣȻǼƷ
ʲô˼ʲôʱ˵ѺƷˣ
־ܣҸҪںȣͱʪס˿ڱǣֻһŨŨҩζұ²֪ˡ

ٴδӻԼһƬڰ֮УտʼΪԼִԽһѣЩԳЦЦϤ˻Ժ󣬲ŴܡһյӣһȽʵľŽţֻһשͷСףҲԶǽϡ
Ѿˣҹһ˿¹ⶼûСҹϺ䣬ġһᱻ˰ɣ뿪ԼϤĻϤˡ
·̫ͻȻֱڲʱһ·ҵ˼СǮˣǮǵֻӣҵծ
취ʵ޴ĺܰׯңԭίʱţȻҡ뵽ʱ˺ܶࡣһ͸еӶˣſڷһ뷹ҲѾˣǶڡ
߳ԱţԶڣһ˵ʲôҲҪѳˡ֪˼ңἱʲôӡ⺢ǵ춹ģ֪һҵģǺǡ
ôţˡ
˿ҵĻô棬ѵôȻˡ
ģԣˣ

                   12 
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һӶеķ룬ܵűߣƴȫţ˻ţԶ
⴫һ׺ݵʲôУ
еĲǰ׳գҲܣšеǺŴ򶷵ԽԽҵҲʼҵ֪ڲԶĵط
һʱⲻԶ
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ţΪҿԶˡڲԶֻһˣֿȭ߰˸˲ţѾа߰Ѫ
⺢ӣҾ֪һǵȲһˡȻҲǿˣϵĶҲ
ظͷһҧֱϡ˳ʹֽһҾ͸еԱ˺ݺһƣȻܲˡ

ԴģеۣߴصĴϢоԼſ˭ıϡ
ԺĽеԶ
ڣˡ
š
Сǻں׷ǡ
ɣҿԼߡ
ء
ԶȻһᣬһߵȥæ§סĸ첲ȴճȵҺ壬һ
Զѣǧ˯
һƬïܵĴǱ׽ˡڵϹģҲԶж˿ڣôõ·ǲϵˡ
·°ڣ˺һģ̽ϵ˿ڣСİáŸղŻ΢΢Щٵĺƽ˿
ÿ߳ӡڽǣ̧ͷ򣬱ԶһǳһŵǰȥʮӶʮͻұˡ
ֻǱϾ춼ûʲôֱһûҾ۵òУԼĴ⾲ҹ񱻷Ŵޱ
ʱһ⣬ƺʲôѪ֮ࡣ׷ҵһɤۡ
ȻһһСĨ׹ǰӹֲܾ̫֧סűԶڵϡ
һֻɫƵëצӣȻ쵽ǰ̧ͷһ̲ס˫סԼ졣ԭʮûѡֻ׻ŵСѩųǰˣϵӡҲԽԡǻŵѪζѵҪһԶ
˿Ѿǵױǰ׷ϣȻãǰԸӱһٵĺá˼룬Ǵ׻Ѿƹңӭȥһᣬʹһҵͻŭ
СѩӦýдѩˣҧסҵ䣬һ߳˳
˵ǼͨԵģѵҪǣˣҽԸҧҲںȺ
ҧҧԶ͸Сѩߡ

һݵĵطǰɽ£Ѿû·ˡֻСѩܵ±ǰɽǱߵһһ˸ߵʯͷ˹
ǰȥǿʯͷȻи˸ߵɽظ˾⡣أڱ˻ߵĲݴڵСѩ·ڵҹǾѷֵġ
Ĺȣ߲ȥˣЪһҲöЩ˵׷١ǰԶȻСѩҲſҽűߡŸͷëСʱһƺܡ

Ժ˯ҹȻԶ͵͵ָĶͷ̣
֪ʲôʱˣһ˿¹⣬ͼ˫ѣѪ˿ﲻͣţˮˮѾ˰Ե״̬
֪ʧѪ󣬿ĽҰ⣬ȥˮ۽Ƴűһʯͷݺݻȥ
һʹʱȫѪ˳ҾˣлȥһҪ׼ѷĵӣһԺ£ҲûôۡҶŰִսԶ촽ǵεѪ˽ȥҿֻЩֻϣЧûãͽذ
ŷָղžȻŵˣôãеͷΡԶ˯ȥ˺½Լ˿ڡ
һ˯˯ѣιԶüѪ˿ڸˣٻһЩѾоʹˡֻһͷǾǣһҪȻ

ٴѹʱۿҪˣ˯ţҾͶߺصƷ
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ղŷʲô£ǰĳǾôû
ʱСѩĶȻʱƲ´£Զ˸ĶҲϸ
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˵ǰ˵ղֻ棬ҧҧôֵܣ⳥ӻء
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˵оͲС˺ƴˣһ𡣡
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˵䣬͸еһ͵һתȻСѩ˳ȥֻһѹֵĿ

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ҹɫ̫ҾȻûɽǰԶһȣ·ˡ
ҺСѩ±ߣ˲á˼ˣҲæֻЦţ
ν޻̶أҺСѩȻʾʹ˱һŶԲߣͼСѩѾŭһȥֻϧϾû󣬶ǿ׳һֻǿ׼ʱһţͰ˻
˲ƽСѩ㲽ˡ
Ȼֻűһʧȥƽ⣬ź׹ȥ
ֱɳ̼飬ƺϤ

ԸڣͿ׹µһĻ
Ƶ峿±ߵһ꼻ʢһ˲֮ȴҲ˵Ķݡ
Կÿһе㾪ȵı飬Χܣӳĵͬһ㣬±ߵķ紵ĳƮƮĵȥȻʧԼС
Ȼǰڰʱ̡һܱȶĺáһȥ
˶סʺ첻ܺˣ̰ĸоʹĵ׵ʼֱȫ
ҲҪʹҲҪʹ࣬㣬ߣߣ
ţ±ߣǰѾģһƬ治巽򡣲֪ԼΥŵԣҲģΪԼѾƢ͸͸ˡ
ǻأȻԼһߣ

±Ȼû뵽ʧ׹£ּһĨӰȥֻСһЩİ׻
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һ룬Ȼͷʲôסˣ̧ͷȥһˡҲǣԱŲŲǰ
˭֪˾Ȼǵǰ棬һƺץסԼ
ʱ˵ͻأĶ˰գ¶˹Źֵı飬˷ֱȥ
ǵı¶һ˳Ӱ˶ԼȥﺰӣػѰ䣬𷣣
ʲôÿҪߣڵҡ
ǰȥȴ𣬸еϵĳһ£ǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
һ꣩

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ˣƨ㻹дʲô
                  
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 13 
ڵƺԶҲûоͷܴСѵĻɸеĳֲ
ણડԼѪڵϵžĻиӿһֻֽŵĶ
ЦɱҲ
һ£ǼѰˡܿɱǣֻУе¶ѪҺʧ˫Ⱥ޻ϡĺܣǶȴָĹ˱ƷˡӿʼԺֻ֪еǰߣ߾һ
δɱʧˣһ˱˵ƴɱһѪ·һʱ˾綾òӳѭʦĵͼҵĹ
ʦϵĵطɣϧûϣͲˡ
ֻҪһ·һ㣬Ϳʱİ
ȻһƺߵͨľͷˣűʯڣѰſĻء
ˣϳصʯһ֣תȦһ֣תһȦ
ﴫϸ΢ġǡһҲ֮ƺѾϣ
ŽĦ֨֨ʯŻһԵ΢Ӵ򿪵ķ϶˳
մ򿪵һͨľ룬ȲĿ˽ȥǻûվȣһ޵ĺöĤֱ졣ŸейɴԼ˵ڵأ˫类סûȫӦߵ˫ֻۣһѪԼſ
ǧһ֮ʣһȵסڣ򣡡
ѪھԼǰͣסˡ
һһէڼֲס˹ȥ

˳Ļ֮Уƾųѵ񣬸оһԼ壬ҰԼҩΪϰ߱˵ĴŤšȻһڶ𣬰һ󵭵㣬ƺ˵ЩοĻĻԼľȻ漣İ
˫ۣһ۾ͿһشŵԼͷߡΪ̫Ů壬ֻ֪л⣬ǹ졣鲻ԽġؼҲϰԵȥ˭֪ȴ˸գ
ĻڲͣƮԼǼĹ֮С
ѾԼĽˡ˯۵ܳƺûѡ
ԭɫɫĹĽǵŵյƣĵ⣬ӳϾͱˡ
ǰ˶ʮͣݣΪĹй߻谵ݿòǺ
ٵͷԼϣе˿ڶøɾİײˣŵǣЩ񻹶Ϻõ˿ޱϻ˱һ㡣
˾ԼԼûȣѱʲôͼ̧ͷСĵĶһһ
ˣʧѪ̫࣬ҲΪˡûǿˡ

ʱ㣬ȡˡ
ҵĽýӣƺҲ书֮Ĳޣǰѽߵĺá
ʹɾ־Ͱνʣֱ˺䡣ƺһܿ 
ҽơˣܸ˼㡣ʵסôãͷһأе˷ܹˣǺǡ
ô
ף
ôĹ֮еġ
รǸεЦЦָָָǴġ

ȴ˵Ҵʧ䣬ڰеʱţôһȻ̡ţͷһ
ȻеײһԴԵ֦ԽײԽࡣһһײϺȻ۵òУٶҲ˲١һײһĺеԵĶϣƺҪѿˣǰڣȻû֪ˡ
ٴʱǱһʪʪȵͷѵġԴκģֻǻʵûһʹֻþš
ԻһʱŷСѩȻߣԼȵĹȵˡصĵطһƬïܵһȻγɵһŴ
ʱ䣬ͷɢһһʹķΡҲСѩҲ֪մˮҶ֮࣬ŵҴߣ䷳һ˵ȡˮңѾˮˡ
ʱȻץ֪϶лˮˣرĸˡȻȵúܣûԵˣĻ˵ЩǸ߼ձƬͰǿˡ
ҳϣͣ˼Ρ
Ҿ˯ëúܡ
գǿ߼ˡҾͷ򣬴۲һĵΡ
ĴתһȦȴʲôˣûпԳȥ·
Ǹ߸ߵ±ڣͷϡ͸ķ϶©һЩϿȿһңȴͷһ̶ˮͣˮȪðһݡˮ峺ףϡɼһ߮С̶߻ЩϽŲ֪ĺɫʵ
һңʾҳԳԿζ֭Ȼûгȥ·㲻ˡţҲЩ
һߵ±ߣ˿һʱȻͣȻ굽һԹľ֮Уʯڵ͵͵ĺ
ҲǱϽŵɽϸϸšȻʯһΪıֱķ϶һ˶ߡƣƺɶļ˵ǳ·뵽ǿѹͷϲãʹ˳̵ľšҲԱԴһ鶥ţǺصʯǻˡŻתţԭмиᣬƿ󣬾Խһ˿ľ롣һ룬Ҳǣתţƾǵôܰôʯƿء
ʯŵĻһ󵭵˳
С̤˽ȥ۾ĻӦԺҲſʼط
ƺǸĹң
ʯҺܴ߷ֱΪҶңмķĽǸһֻʯʾޣ˫ᣬƻƱȼһյƣƻɫģӦþ͹˶޶Ҳ֪ǵʲôʣȼʱܷųһֵζɡ
мλ÷һʯףǹײİ徹ȻǿŵģȻǰ걾鶼ĶˣէȻﻹе㷢ëǰһһڿչס
ҲоΪʲôǿյˣĴͨ
ǰϲЩйؿŵĽĿ֪Ĺҵһ㹹졣
֮ڣ֮СϵţֻҪ겻𣬻ȪµͿһ̬ڡǹĹߵסҲõøǰûʲôڡյ黭ۡ
ЩҶҵˣ޳СȵȵȵȣĹҵ˲һ󰡡ǣǣ
һûҵҾ졢졭߰죬ڷˡ
ӴԺҾĹס¡ȥתתЩ伢ĶϾĹҵʯ˯ڣҲǺ䡣
ɽ£ҿԼ¼ÿһ죬ǽϿһӡǡûµʱ򣬻ǽϵĺۼԼûУ򳤴˶١
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뵽ǰļˣĸĸϷǣԶ֪ôˡ
Ȼζ㰲Ķ࣬ʱԼӶѾֹͣתˡ
ʱ룬ԼҪڴ˵һ˰пյʱӦʯ̸ĳĳĳĳǲŶԡ

                   14 
סĹĵ߸µĵ죬ͷˮ̶ﲶʱ򣬲СĻһӣϴ˸ˮ裬ԴǶѸ߼·ҼʵĴ
˵ʳе㵥޳УסᱻůݣﻹѬϺõ㡪Ƶȼ㣬Ҳ㲻ˡûõķЩŶֲܳ档
ұ߶﷭ţȴһŹֵĽĦϾһסˣΪǶҲû¡˭֪ߵȻ䣬ų˳ȥ
ҽܵңǰһĻȵ°ͶѾˡֻʯ׵⻬ʯڣʱмһԱŲ￴ǺڶʲôҲ塣Ǵ̶ƺʯſ
ſպùһ˽ʱһӰ˳
һûлعѾ˵ڵˡһعǡÿĴа˶ȥæֹǰȥ
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˵Щҩ򶮵áдΣҲ֪ôŪģͻԼǰȣѪֹҼˡԼڹѰЩҩ˷˴ûͺˡ֮Ҳҩģ˲١û뵽컹ϴóˡ
һд׵ͣЪһЪ˳һֻͨɫƣɫЩ졣ϻ˰ѽѵνĽͣ
ȴ˵˽Ժȴžֻˣǽһ˿϶ҲûУͺûгֹôһƵġ˼ȻԴʯţҳȥϣɾȫˡ֪ʲôʱѡ
ţһϯҾ˳ӦģſڴͷС˯һ¡

˯㣬ȻһļѣһԭˣǺǡ

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ԱŲЩǽԶˣŷȻгȥϣҿɲԩ
ʲôζ
ţѽҵ㣡ѣǶ˲ŵһɽζرҵĿ㡣

̱Ծͼ˻ŻŵһյƴֻѾͭì֧һܣϲżںĶӦþˣڿĻ𣬾ȻǳƵĻ磡
ֻ𿾵ĶԳ

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Ҫ֪׽ɲҵǿġλ׽æԼء
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ùһӣѼ㶼ŵ档ױƵĶ˵̱ǰ԰ɣʵġ
̱Կ˿ʽµľ໨̣أζأĿ㣬ɫѹ²ϻǺ˲Ե̣̣̱أ
ǰǾζûȷİȫ֮ǰԼǲԵġ
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ЩϵĿĲλ͵ãЩչȻǼٵģζҲ
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ˣԲĻãƫҪҳԹŸģʱʲôȻô룬ϻЩˡ
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Ҳ֪ʲôʱת֨ѽһˡһë׵ĴԴ˽ϵ̱Լ˲ɪһ¡û֮ǰľл
ҴҶұһ̺ãٻ̱˻ռҵĴֻú˯ˡ򻹲⣬ǶͭĴ۾ŴλҺ˵ôŰϣ§ĲӣĶӾͽ硣
̱ڴϣĿŲԶϵˡ֪˵ĿģԼȴʵҲû书ԼӦòʲôвУ㣬˵˵㣬ζȷʵ
һҹ޻

ְҵϰߣ̱˯ĺǳǱ𴲵ѵģȻĶѾˣԼ˵ĶУ΢СҲӲʱʱչӦûڵģ֪ôʲôԼװ˯졣
е˴ֻ׻ȥˣǰ׻ԼߵʱĿýЩԼǣǡоôһֻڳЦԼĶأ
ʱŻˣǰ׻ûиš
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ְ˸ƵżܵǳƱߣȻ˸һЩͭϣִӴصһˮҨ˵ˮȥȻժһ
ͿǼԣĵţʱһۡһᣬƺúˣԴʼһһһᣬͺ˯ˣǽһ
ΪǵƽϽԵʣǶȣǡÿԿĲͦı΢յ˫Ŀ˳ľȻģ壬Ȼ࿡
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ȻѵţƽʱĶȥˣԽԽƤˡôͣǲǷˣҿҳ𣿡
ǲĿȻڽһһ
ƾԼļʶȻ֪ǲһֻͨİ׻ͷӡʾݡ񻢡˵񻢼ͨԣҼѱ֮˾ܼһҲѾǽˡԼ֮껹ǵһοִ˵еĶôҲܺԼĿްĴڻϵȺš
з۾ȥֻԹԵĵԴֺƵİѱ쵽ǰֻСèҪ˳֡ʶֻ֮ͣ
սƹ⿴˻ûʲô£ȥɡ
໡Ҫ
Һˡٷ
໡Ү
Ȼӣ쵽ҨЩ˳ʲôƺ̫⣬ִԱȡ˵㶫˽ȥȻ

ʱĵߣһƬľУֻˮġ̡̱ԻоãԼѾƽ֮УľȻʱԶҪͣЪ
ú̱Ծ֪ʲôˡΪǼѾŵһµζضֻҲѾ˺ܾˣǰˣֻ÷͵ġءźǿ
˱㰲οԣ´׽һҾֻҪ˳ԵģԲܸ㡣
񻢽еøˣôԴ˵ȡûֻ˸룬ҨЩ棬ǰǻͷͺܲ쵽
һû棬Ǻֻ棡̱Ժ޺޵šȻ־Լôе㼵ֻϻˡ
ʣһֻëʲôЦ
ۿǰëȹȥ̱ҲװȥˣǺݺݵĿʾԼѾˡ


лҪ˵һζ࣬Խ
дҲĲˣÿҪʼˡ 
                   15 
ǰÿ۾ˮҡ˵ȷʵܾûˣΪССĵƻˮĺܷʱƽʱǿȽϷġ
ҪҪٸһأ
ȿȣ
ĶæƲǰȥġ໡һ
ˣ
Ҷˡ
Ŷãһ¡һȥҨЩ⵽һСȡ˸ӣֶ˻

̱ԽӹƵĿһۡĿеĲʺͱȻӣҲˣ׾ͺȡ
ʵȻûʲôϣȴʤһȻĴζΪľˣʵʵڵŨȴ˺ɬĸоҲʽ۵ĺܣŹ΢ζϻƮż轣ҲмҰɽϴֲڣճƷȴϳˣǽԹζˡ
ѹǰë˵۲أֵһۣ㣡
뵽˰ҹС˽ʱŰõģ²ЩмЩû֮ǰĲ¼ɻɡ

ۿˣָʢһ롣λһյ磬ôϣǽЩܳ
ٻʱȴݵ۴սأ۵С۵ģáҲ֪ʱµĳԹߵм䣬Ӳɱ˵۹⣬뽻̱ϡȻֺһºȹˡ
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ٺһ룬ҵ㻹û԰ɣ
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ͼԩֿʼɡֻߵţͷ
Ҳȥ⣬һߣͳһöɫĹʵ˵ʵڻæһ磬Ķˡ
̧ͷ̱ԶĺӷЦԣ㡣˵һС
ֻ̱һͶһź޵Ĺʵ˵ָԼģһĸоиëԼͷò
ݺ˦ͷЩеûĶ˦ӣǹʵҧһڣġ

̱ԿڴͷŲԶǸŵӰԴӳԹ緹֮ϴ̸ɾϵı飬Ҳ֪ЩʲôֻʱʱĲŪİë
ľף̱ԺȻЩϰߣǿڵͲҵ𣿡
ƺԸ⽲
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һֲ֪οˡϵķӣŷɥѪɱ֣Ȼһһ书İ֧֧ᣬݣе̫˵ȥˡңԼʲôʱô໰Ȼ˵

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ҲԡֻϧʦûлסȥˡȻƽȣȴβסһ˿˸С

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ס뵽ļˣģ̇ͷգźȻʪ˫ۣ㡭Դҳȥ𣿡һˣĺܼį

㡭Դҳȥ𣿡
̱Կǰˣʻ̺İѿھ͵Ȼԣ
ģлл㡣һ˿΢Ĳ
ⲻյĵط꣬Ȼ֪ԼԳȥˣһܸ˰ɡ

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ϣ̱ţͷë˭۾󡣺ȻǰһӰ̧ͷһȴ˶ˮվԱߡ
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һѳ½˵ˣúõʲô·
ѣô㻻ҩ

ŤŤȫûΪ˵ԾʵǿȥˡְҵƢһͺܲĴǰȥˣǰջһ˵ӣôȻ֮תءˮҪˣˮҺóʱ䣬ɲ˷ѵġ
̱һţԹԵǰ·ԼôǶ˶ŵǹ㡣Ϊס̫õԵʣǴЩɢζԽԽͺԼһˣϻܸܵûɵĿҲյ
ǹˣڼӣıʲôûôɬëͷСһֻǱ˵ָͻˡ
֪㲻ǼףԼǸﵽ˸鰡ؿˡ
ôộţȴ˫ִļԽԽȡЩĵĶͷģ̫Ծô
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̱ԴڴͷûµôӦԵϸϸߣ㽻ʱϾٵơпտҲЩЦ
֮ʣÿϸĹסôãѾϰ߲ĵطҿ
ĿǡϸĽüбޣֻΪʧѪԭɫЩ԰סһιӣҲ֪Ե˶ٹҡ
ŲҲǼٵİɣĶжָ鲻Խϴ˴
㷴Ӧˢһ±ˣʲô
ġԭôÿҵͷŻһת˵ƭ˶Ůӵģ
ִˡ

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̱ԸоЩˣȥûлЩĲ£Ȼ֪оһֻϻǳȥɡ
ƿʯţһ۵ͺϧ˽

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ʦȻطз羰ʫ续ֵʱ֣ůůģһȥдУֻ涷ޡΨһ㲻ã̫Щ޲ֻ紵ʱ֦Ҷҡڵɳɳ
ߵһƽ̹ĵطԶԶľͼһİɫӰſڵϣһǰëСӱһøߴĻסˣ»¶ɫһǣˣƺ˯˵ӡ
ߵýˣԿǰëɵҡβͣڸ˸ŷڿеС档Ҫڴкȴ񻢺ȻתͷԼȴûκ̱ԾԼһǳֻþˣΪǻȻԱƲƲ¶͵ı顣
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̫ۣڳⲻԶ̱Ƚ̽̽˵

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ĴԭԴҳԺ󣬹ٸϳСҲɢˣԱ˷ǡȻѾ׼Ȼʱ򣬻ǲЩʧ䡣
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ѾǱҪĳֻϣŹķȥˡ
һ·ǴŶҺܲ㣬ұ̱ԽƤߴţȻ϶һЩ֣ܵĸоãҲûʲôʡ

һ·̱ͬУƽʱɽдͻߣһϴĳǽȥҽס꣬ͻԹԵĴڳ⡣Ĳͷ¶ޣҳס޵Ŀջ˺òˣԡ
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뿴Ųߣ·;Ҳƽ̹µҩ®ڰɽϣһҲǺõġ
һʱ㿴ӳڲɫ֮еġɾӡ
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ҪڻˣͼǰԺķš֨ѽһˡ
ǴǳǳЦ⣬һؾİ£ЦţԶǵˣɡ
Զĵɨ̱һۣ˼ҲĻȥ˰ɣǿɾˡ

½ɾӣǰԺƹԺеĻݣǰȻôһԺԺлʱһЩصİճ룬ǶæմʺáԹȻ飬ЩӦþˡ
ĴԺΧЩľʵС¸סЩ֢ƶǵļÿɽչš
ֻǱϾû˹ԵЩӡ
һԺµסһԺţоʱͬƺһ㱡ľŸ档ﻨ㣬ľţǵ׺СҰͷӦסĵط

̱һϣЦЦģһӣôҲ̸۵СվԱߣĵһۣСʲôǷı顣ſŵҲϵĴ˸ǣʱ͸úú˵˵
¾Ƕ棬˼ʵϣԴݣ̱԰ѹ󣬾ӣð춼û˵һ仰ˡ
⵽оȻûȰ
ҽ˸Ҽˣǻʵ۲̫ࡣۿ«ûпڵƣֻȳˡ
մѵĶԽ𣿡

մմ򣿡
ŶǸһʱֵʲôҪʵ𣿡ˣʲôôרġ
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λѵĶ˶٣۹ת̱ԣ˵ⶾԴɲš
̱һЩת˿ȥ
üĿĴǾ˵ϣеĿ£˵ȥ
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ôҰһ£֢״Ȼ̱⼸յʮǺϡ
¶̱Ե˶ҩ쳣ֻԹĻʼҲֲѰ˼ұҲף֪˴˶أ
ĳǴӽѲϣҽԸҽΣĳҲԹԡֻҵ˽£ҽҪ̫ĵĺá
ⶼʲôʱˣҷ¿Ƣ
մǲͿˣһʶմһ
Բ𣬡¿ҵⶾҲҽҵĹء
ˣմ򣬿֪к֮£;ȾɡҲ֪̱ԻԼֶãֻ֪¾ҲҲ˿ҽˡΣҲܷ
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ˣ߰ɡ̱ԣ˵ôʲôģܵĽ
մֻҪܾҪʲôԣˣʹôĹ򣬳ǲš
ʲôԣһŮɤ

                   19 
ʲôԣһŮɤתͷȥֻһĨӰ߽
⣬пĺŮӣô˼˵Ĺϵһ㡣
æĵͷӦֻҪܾʲôԡ
ɣ
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̱ǿվͷҲصȥЦǾҲƵĸ
ǰȥסҡҡ׹ӵֺʲô
֣ЩŭĿң˭ں֣ҲҪΪҡ˵˦ҵ֣ǰȥ
ǰʵӣҪȥ
ȥ˵һΣȻֱֱȥ
ÿ죬ǰ£æҵĽֻɫ죬˫Ŀıţ΢΢Щ٣Ҳ֪ǲǱˡ
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ι㵹ǴӦӦŮӵҽ̱ԷãʵȻһתͷǡÿŵЩȵĵԭѽּˣϻ
Щмİͷƫһߣߵ
üͷŮӵʦã
ԭʦãֻ֮Щ졣
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ڡ˵ţȡһӨ͸ָ״Сҩ裬̱ԵĿС
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˵Ҫǲǿˣתͷҡ
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ҵ˵ĶԣȻҴӦ飬Ӧӡοֻλ֣ͿԾȻһѾռĪıˡ
ʵǣνĴɷҪصöˡǸˣȻЩҪϣҵ϶ǵкܴͬСҲʲô£ǱķǿȴҲġ
һ⻰ʦö˱ͣҿϾһȵı顣¾ҿ⣬λ˾ҾͲˣҪ
˵ģЩŵһ顣
ûҽ
ٴȷҵĻشԺϻͷʦ¶һʤЦݣȻعͷҵʲôȻѾҵСˣȻҪӵġ
⣬ҺӣܺɡֻһСˣôоԼأ
ʦã
оͲУҪСɡˣһ֪ԼС˽ʲô֡
ҽˡ
ãԺͽСӡ
һеһɶϮͷӶĳֻӵԹĳɱ̾

ԴˣҾͳҽʦŮСʦݵרСˡҪĵһ¾ǰڻŵ̱ŪȥСĻʦֵӡڿ򣬾ͱСˣˡίίСϱҲЩᡣ̱Ժˣúһ٣ڶǡ
ҳŵʱƳһĨκЩǸЦ⡣˵ͷͱ̱뿪ˡ


лҪ˵ڴǶСն⣬ֱһ¹Ҳ˵ΪԴ⣬һ˻ô죿аǲǻûд˼ҵСյеϵ
۵ǲǿСĳﲻʲôֵҪԲôİ
ԭҰɣţ 
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ҽ̱԰ڶԺһСԼסĸڡ˯İȣɫҲ˺̤ܶ࣬ʵˡǵĶڿջɽȡɡ
ۿɫ磬ʱˡСʮָ˵ԼСȥרĳӣܺûȸİɣҲԼ³õöࡣοһƼݵӣһ˳Щ϶úܡңĴϻ뵽һʱ䣬Լһ԰ƽʱ̵ġ
ԭҵҲǺԶһԵĺʦְԵһ֮СͶˡҿҲһסôãǲġ
׼һ˽ԺλѾˣֻЩȻҽæӹеӣһԡ
һ̵ÿԹƿĴС㣬лĺ⡣
˶٣ʵС㣬ѵĶҪβȫã鷳С㿪ŷӸңҺȥץҩ
촽յĻķϣҾΪºˡ˵ߵһߵļԣȡֽʣˢˢд÷ӡ
Ҫȥȡ¾ͽ˹ȥϸϸˣЩεĵʦã¶ĹѾ¯࣬ʦҲģⶾı¡˵̾˿Ƿϸ˼ȻٽҵⷽӣÿһΣһ£زͿˡҩŵһ䡣
лմ򣬶лС㡣ҽӹӣץҩݺţǵûѷ˶ߡȻµôСҲҪ𣿡ҵӶˣȻҪ

һʰ׵̱ҲˣҩӺȺõķһ˵òħצԱҲ͸ȥ
Žȥϵ͵Ѿˡ̱ϣʲôҽƵĿֱңҪŸġ
ѷ˷ŵϣҾ棬һлҪ˵
ҸղŸԼˣϵĶѾһ롣ңĿ˵
ģ̫ˡ
㵽״Ӧʲôˣôҽⶾ
һС£Ҳʹ򹤡
򹤣
Щ£Ҫһꡣ
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ʲôٰѶµϺˡ
˵ʲôɵҲ룬ҿλСĿ껹ǲΪҵġ
򣿡ЩƵĿһۡ
صɣ໡Ҿ
Ż~̱һ³ӡôְëҲô˰ģڣ
ǿǿĽʵҰҩƵǰȰɣҩЧá
ҩ룬͵͵ĵһŪ
ЩЦõ룬Ҳû͵ĸ˲¹ͷĵطȥôٴƵġ

ദ˼գλСȻǸԵȻ˵ɣɫҪÿղͬϸҪɼΪֹϴ·ҪۡۡۡزͣġҲò̾˲òడ
Ҷ෽֤֪ΪʲôôҪһСˡԭϲôɾȻһҲûСɽԼסģҾ˵ǷӴÿɱˣҲ֪ĵҲµʦʲôģֹǸô򵥡
ȻǧС㣬Ž׳ģû˷ôɣƫҪճԼʦ֣ױû̴ӡ¿ɿԼƽûʲôζ˵·Ь඼ҪԼϴҪʦչЩһСϰգܵˣ
غˣײǹϡŵӶˣһչ˵ĲľǸһֻĴϻⵥˡУɽٶԪֿɵõĶˣʦҪһžǡ
ҲҪлĽ󣬲̱ļһСĶһ룬ʣµֻҪԹţÿЩⶾҩٹһҲͺˡֻǱϾж̫̫ãЩ˯ŵĶࡣ

ڴɨ䣬Ȼ۽ƳһɫӰվ⡣ˣæýڡ
ˣھ͵ֹӣʦôСֹˡе֮Ӱ
ĻմĸԸģŲСϾһ
ǣʲôֵҪҲᣬֻҡ
ЦӦˡ
ƺЩݵĿڣ֪λǺ벻ҪᣬҲ̽˽ֻǾеĶʵΡ
ʵҲֻ֪żȻһæҽΡ
ʲôѵֻƼˮĹϵЩԾĿңû뵽ǼĹϵġ
ˣֹ㻹ǲҪߵ̫ǸΣյˣֹһ𣬿Щס
ᣬǸˡֻƾֱһ϶ˡ
ʱСӰʦ֣ô⣬þá۹ⲻͣҺϴת
һӣûʲôֻǾܺúȣֹӽһݡ
ģҲúúأǽȺòã˵һѰҳ˹ȥСӣӱˣȥ
λС˵꣬ҵӾܣҲżϡ
㣬ҲǡµմѾתһݽȥҲˡ

翪ʼѾڳʱˡϧСĳʵǲĿҹɱɱҪŴ֡ôȵ𣬹վ¯ǰѾܲˣοܽӴᵽʲôк罬ˣϵ·ʪָɣʪȴȿˮĹûС
ۿɫ磬СǷˣ޺޵һ˦ӣţʲôҲˡСӣҿˣϿ˳ˣҲˡ
һƹҡ죬̧κԴ⿴ȥֻصǽ壬Ѿ֪ˡ
ȥˡ
̾ţǽվ׵̫ãŶˡ˭֪ûվֱһѣϮ㵹ȥ

ͷģ˰ҵժȥˣʪëҵĶϡ
۾Ϳ̱ԹеԼĴϣ
ˣĵѸȥϲɫ
ˮһڣŷԼЩɳơ
СĵİҷãæĶˮЩˮɤӣˡ
ô
㻹˵һϻһߵı顣
ҽ뿴ƽʱ㶼ЩʲôܵȥյͿεڵϣŵòᡣǵôĥģôңǲĻҲˣǾߣ
Ѿ˱ߵıԵæûôأֻǡýЩСѧڳˣӦֻеϾͻõġ
һж˭֪ԺʲôӣǻߣҪ֣͹ֵͷϺˡ˵žȻվʰ׼ˡ
ʱֻҷš顱һ˴ˣССӣҰף
̱ԣɫǺܺãġ
ʦã񡣡Ҳˡ
Ȼϴٰצץ
򡣡ʾ̱ȥš
һ򿪣һ˶ëëԴ˽һӴܵҵĴߣͷҵơ
ۿҪˣߵ߾Ҫϡ

                   21 
¸ǡÿϪߵľգֻ֮ǽȴЩ԰׵ɫϧ
Ҫȴסȥ·
̱վſڣڳƣһȵľı飬Ŀǰŵӡ
˵ǵһĳ塣
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˵ʲô̱ɫһ䣬һɱ
ʲôܣ˭˭˵ĺһ̾Ͷ㵽ʦֵı󡣹ȻǸСֻɫˡ
͸϶ڴͷһֲۣҪᣬֻǾõֹӲĴѰЩʣ
ԣǣ᲻ʡڿҲˣǾúЪϢУǾɽҽľ֮ĳвǲǸҲǡֻԺˡһ˵ЩͼҪˡ
°һ죬ſڣĳţôҲǸֲҽȥѰҲܺõĿЩ
ء̱һӻ𣬼žҪš
ȴ֣˱㰵ʹھͽűŰƴڹ̱ԱϾδοµ书֮£Ƭʤ֡
һɴ͵ϴ̱ץŵ𿪣̱Ժɫ죬ϢЩʵĿ¿Լδʤв֪ҽҲɲ⣬Լ˶Ҫٽһ
ҪŽȴµ⣬Ȼȥɣҿ˾
СȻȴҲԸʦֲ죬ɨһۣȥˡ

űߵĽֻһ˲飬ȻҲֻǿţ̱Ծ˳ʲôʱô˵ˡ
Ȼǿж룬̱ҲԸٹͰľһأϡ
¾ֱͷ޳ָϡֻƬ̣ͳȥ̧־Ҫϵߡ
̱Լ˾Ҫʲô
ֹմ֪Ҵߵˡ
𣿡Щġ
ϸҵ˻ᡣôĺܲ˼һ
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ҿԱߵ̱ԵûҶ˵û¡
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ˡᣬҪѰ˲Щֻ󼲣Ҳ޷ΣЩǿķӣɹ̱Ԫڳ㰴ŷӳЩҲкôġ
ǾͶлմˡҽҩĻмٵġ
²д÷ӣͱһߵ̱ȥææĳ˳ȥ˵ҪҺȡ
Щߣ̧ͷʱֻԶıӰˡ
飬ǱǸȥһúýѵǸѾͷġ³Ĭһᣬ˵
С¡ӲЩ˱ˣһˡΪҵ£ǵʦʧͣǲ̫á
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Ȼƺûʲô˵ˣεĳĬ֮С
˵𣿡ȻЦñ̺վſȥ
ߵűߣعͷ˵ҾͲˣúϢԺҲѾͷˡ

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ȻʦõСˣҲԵĳСˣɴûôôǿġܡҵķ̣ǳڶҵĹĺǸ⡣
ԴԺͲʱЩͷҽеȥʦЩʲôӺҵùʵ޷룬˵ȵûţӡСȻӦˡ
ҵ鷿ҲҪװӡοʦþһߣҲװģĿһҽء
Ȼ̧ͷ˵ʦãˡ
ģһ˦еȥ
ǰǱҩ飬ͷ£˭ˣôԶҲü
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Сɵĳʦһ۵ȥùȻʦ㼱ʲô
ѵõıԼʦöһ䣬³˳ǡ
ֻСֵСӣȥʰȻת˷ţҶӺε£Ҳ˳ȥ

λС˼·֮⣬Ҳûʲôʰˡȷ֮Ҿͱϰſȥ
ߵԺ䣬ǡÿĴ̱ԡˣҲ˵ֻǺӹұϵİߡ
С챻ŵˣҲû˵ʲôš
ſڣֻһжվšһͲһ˼ҵʹװ磬˵׳˻ƮƮм仹һ̧˴Σ쳣ôȢƵģŰ
ͼǰվһīɫ۵ϸӣģҲʮˣȴǰ룬΢΢ӣǾЦǺǵӭˣ죬̹ϽΡϸźǹŹ֡
Ȼ߳Ůһ˷˽ӣһ˾ͽӹ̱еİ
ӽźΣ
ͼǽƽƽȵɽȥˣɼ̧εҲһ㡣
ǽȻƿˣС̽ͷҺСӣһʦһͷҿɲŹ㣡
еߵ˺Ȼһס̱ԣòײֹסǰơͼԭŵɹˡ


лҪ˵һҪعĴǣʧĿ˵㣬ĳֻϲ
ģҳ򲻿TOT
нҪȥǾͲõˣлл 
                   22 
Ǹȥ·ϣ̱ԺȻûͷûԵôһ䡣
ף
˵Ǹ̫ࡣ
ۣ˵е̫ࣿ
һСֵӣ̱Щˣصǣûһ̫ൽɽˣܹһйŹ֡
Ź֣
һ̫࣬ôܵĽҰˣ𣿡
ʲô빬ЩϵǺθɣ
㡭ֱͣҵ۾Ҳ뵽ˣ
մҽȺȴ˵ĹءҪкıЩٹѾǿˣԹӡɽϺҲٵĹټңĸǶ־־ģԽĹԽǺǡ
㻹ЦóˣǻЩߵĺá
Ҳߡ
Ϊʲô
һӦ˵һҪ
ִ
ִҲգÿܻЩԼļ֡ڶĶûȫá
ɽǻõġ
㲻ɽͣ½ŲתͷҴûʹÿ˶Լ˽ȨҲȨʡֻմ˵ⶾһ㣬óóȻɽ֪ҪʲôȻ˴˴ţǺܺ𣿡
̱ԭء
ΪɵϾͲԼ롣
ҵ¡ڲܸ㣬ģɽǾ԰ȫġ
Ҳš
һҪҡ
šһ˦ͷƲˡ
ȻԼϲ֪ƭԼġǺǣ㲻ԼһֶȤζģǹһĨǳǳЦ⡣
Լ߳ǸȣԼֵˣԺһʱǺڡĽŲָˣЦţȴְ
һҪҰģɽɡ
š


ĥ˵Сɽˡ
ڵҺɡûеذҪû·ҪϴûҪûС
ǱСȦںԺæֱ˲ŻǰԺлϸԼסĵطˡ
ʱһİЩӵġüĻɲʺ
תͷߵ̱ԵסЩ죬ûʶ˭ҽһ°ɡ
ε죬ֻǷ˺ǺǵɵЦ
ǣⲻǰӣ޶ȥ˴ڨƽʱһףܵǹĴˡ
ĴתһȦȻðһ뷨ﻷţԭĺõطΪȱЧ˲ֹһǰͳһĹ滮ʽͺҽԺһ˼ֻ轻һãṩһͺ翵ѵ֮ĻҲҪÿɽȷʱֵԼ£һࡣ
ֻϾҪͨ˼ҵұ̱ȥ

Ժţͼſ£ǰȣүƵġˣæ
ȥմǰɡĴͷ
໡ϲҡβͣƺǴСĹùòϲԵʣԴӴСߺҲ˲١
Ǹ˽ȥ
ȣֻ˼վһǰʲô
кԺʵҿķӿаʱ𣿡
СԴ̱֮ԾͽҰҩĹԼǷҲһ鰾ˡҩҲȻЧԼԸܵ־ϵı仯
ĵͷ𣿡
ҿ壬ͰԼһԵȫ˵˳
ֻ۾޵ȷʵУЧӦҲܺáֹӲ˵øϸЩ
ϸϸһЩϸ֮ĵòֺɿ̱ͬԣΪûйͬԣԺ޹ı˽ֻüڹĹʱϷۡ
ĩˣµȻֹ뵽ģֹ֪ӿԸأ
֮áٺ٣ҵϱУв
Ǿ鷳ֹˡ˵ŴгһűֽݵУЩɢȥ֧š
ҽӹһһƱɢ飿
ˣ֪еǮ̱о仰˵ˣչ˵ǮӲ̧ۿǡҲڿңֻ۾ĺܣ˻ݽȥĸоҪˣæӲתͷȥ
ȻΰҽƸĸ˶ҵֺµƱ֧Լ̱ԵЭºҵչˡ

ϵĻҳĿǰĽѾˡҲǵж˵ǳڶմĸм֮ĸʮֳɹ
Ǵɨ򿪴עͨüǽԴĴߣͳһİɫϵУ÷￴ȥĶࡣ
ػͬ˲Ĳ˷ֵͬķ䡣ϲ徻ģͰһ𣻺ҪЩģҲŵһ顣
ÿҾͺ̱ɽ߲ˮ֪֮࣬մɵģ̷ǶԼ͵ļ۸ǣ˵ļżɽҲܶԼҵ̯ÿͷϵǮֻһˣͣ¹չ˲˵ĻСö࣬ȻԸ⣬ν˫Ӯ
⣬ҲŽǰѧĻ֪ʶõʵпյʱͽ̲̽˵ļ̱߿öˣҲѧ˲١
ĴʱҲѺӼķŵʱһٲȻһСС׶԰ǴܸȤҲֻѣƺҲų֡Ħ
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Сţ˵̫ȣùҵطȥˣҪЩ˲Żϲʤ͵ۿ̵ǣ֪ʦ֣֪صϢôˣ֪ҪʲôӡǺǡ

յգסɾ治֮ӳ䣬˲
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յ磬κ
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һȺ˾ͺһ£ȫ˽ȥ
һӵǰ棬ҸںͷһˣֵģȴƺСĵΧһλγڵ˼ңЩˡ


лҪ˵ĳϣǱȽȤΡ
ĳһһô⣡ 
                   23 
лҪ˵й
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ƿº»׼Űż͸
һҪûͯԷֿʱԲŶ󰡣Ȼ˵Ŵĺģⷽȥ
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СأżżǱȽƫһ㣬ǰĵ·յúܵΣҪ˳һûţǣħż
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˵ȥͰżĹ´ȫ³ˣǻдʲô~~䣬˽߷ɺãϸˣ˵ģֻƤˡȻԸȥȡЩ˵Ķ
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΢ͷоѰоСʱһ㣬Щֵ̿ĵǰҽǰմ֣Щ˷ȥģⱲӻûء˵⻰ֺЦ
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ƺҲûϵҲ书Щ죬ǸĿһۣͳΧµĻŶ
Щ˼Ѿ֣ҲХһɢһ˿ȥûǴǸ˵С
Ҳȥ׷ֻǷҵ֣ʵ˵ˣҿ

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ʱѾȥ֮ǰоС֮һλߵƵɢ֮бѹסܡ
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˶Χȥ֮˵춼ȵųOͣоһѾɵѪɫʱۿɼٶȱɴɫ
˰ΣȷӦ

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⻹ҵһο𣬲ΪʲôԽԽǸء
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Ҳ֮ϿǸͨˣʹʲôֶΣҵҲƭȥ
ʲôĹҲһʲô
ʼΪһĻɢ֮࣬ϸˣƺһµĶҩֻǿжƽҩҾҹ۲죬ԪӦÿԶԸԾԪһû뵽һжƭ֡
Ȼ̧ͷֱֱĿҵһʱ죬㡣
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µͷ졣
𣿡ҲʵĻص֪մ֪أѲ춼ҵĶΪմߣϸ۲죬˭ᷢء

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Ѳģôţһϲýӿļ䡣
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ۿɫ磬̱ȴٳûлʵǷĲ£Ҿܵſڵš
ԶԶĿһӰɽˣæӭ˳ȥߵý˲ŷǸʶ꣬һѰĺܡ
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ʹӴһ˻ȥǸֻϴˣȷѡ˽˵λ֫رϸĹӣֵġ
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λӿˣֹӣֱǰظ飬ҲŴǾ䡰֫رϸлæҾǡ
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ҿſյſڣһʱЩ㱡ղŵĻһֱڶߡҿΪҲǡϲҵ

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лҪ˵ţоԼĽȷʵǿ˵㣬Щ̫Ӳ
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                   25 
һ糿ҼһֲòɽȥһЩˡԭһȥֻǽ˼Ĳˣյֲʲô飬ұȰ£ԼСɽˡ֮ǰǱǧһ˵ʲôҪǿ˾ɽµţһÿվҡò׽͵˶Ҳųɾӡ
һᣬҾЩˣʼԹ𲻴ǶСͬ־СƵġȻµҩӰĲѾ̥ˣƺǸ߿Լ
ǻȥ겡һأ˶ɽ£أ
·ߵĴʯó֮ʣ۽ǺȻƳӰĳһ£һתȻҾʧȥ֪

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ЩʲôǹȻôֱֱòƱȽʵ죬˵֣մЩʲô𣿡
졭ҲΪİȫ룬ֻǴڻʱ򣬿Ըͷ顣
ǲ˵ˣմϾദôʱ䣬ΪҲǽղŵһμ棬վҵ֪ǻѡ񣿡
̬ȼҲ֪Ȱҡһߵ˼һ˵ȻѾµǲǿֻҽȷʵЩ⣬ΪİȫҪ֮˵ȥµԻѰʱ̸
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ص˵׵ĵ̣ȥɡ
Ǿ鷳ˡҳ˵
롣Ⱦ˳ȥǸϧˡ

ߵԶˣʣµļ˾Ϳʼ
磬ֻĵΪβܽȫҲǻôĽġң֪ΣյԴܺú÷
췴Եɣڰ⣬Ҳ֪λ֪θ룬»ȲҪĺá
ǿֵܡ
ؽӵãʤƽãΣ˰㡣ֻһǱ
ˣ쿴أΪ㾹ȻǱǸ𣿡
ҲˣȻԸ¡ֻҪû˷ݣǰȫġҽ򲻴Ӧɻȫ˵֮ǰѵǼٵĲɣ
ο˿վһߵĺҶкҶڰб
գҲҶЦҲԣۼҵı˻ţҾͷˡ
Ҷɾվţһ


лҪ˵дż
                   26 
˳ԭźһߵͷббϡô˵ҸղŴӻڵµġ
صײʱз֧·˴ţҿ϶Ѿʧˡͨÿһ·ܻǶżҹ飬·Ҳʱ˴Ӱ̽󾿾ʲôģ֪ĵطô°ϲƣƺҲͦġ
Ȼ䣬ӵĸһ˿档Ǿʲôˣôֱʺ˭ҵĸʲôĿģžȻֱջûн⿪ɼ˳Ǹ֮

ԼһյĹǵͨڣأžĻһߡǰһͨԵĳЩӦǵ˵档ԭǰͨͷǽ֮кϴ޷죬˭뵽һǽڶһأ
һΣԣչһ͵һС֮Уһߺ֮ǰ洫ﵽʲôط
ã׽һƣһӭ㶣ǡĳȻ뵽ֵطμ
ױ㵽˴̫ۡ
áͷȻ뵽һ£ĸǶչˡУǸҵĺӣϣǿԼȥ
ǡ
ôˡ
Сġ
ţһġתǲгֵãСĵĶӵȺ

Ǹ߸ߵ̨ףҪȥǺصȴһڵ¾ˣȻһ£ʶһ˭֪ȴṳ̂ʵۿҪ¥Ϲȥ
Ұ̾ŽҪغ«֮ʱϺȻһֻֻһͰ˻ȥоգؿڣԶ˵лλӡɫǿЩ˶ɽȥҲٶ໰ʹҴ
ԭĳǽھǵ֮УȻΣյĵطȫĵط߳ĳ˦˦ͷ鶼׵Ժ̫ӣҲ̫ͻȻȷŵһ߰ɡ
򣬼ȥ

ղһӣһϵĽۣǱȴ͸һɹټҵϢֻʱȴЩСĵԼŵһߡڣòͨǸղų־֮ˡ
ӵ͵͵ĵӣǻȥɣǰһй̿͵飬ˡ˵߻ӣǵİ׮ȥȽס
ȴػֻԼղž˵֣
һǰȥţӣӣʲô
Ҳ֪üᰴԼ̫ѨֻǺϤĸоʶһɵΧƺл§סʵĸоϸ壬񣬶ԼȻܿƵļӿǾ޿ܵ飬ѵԼʧٵһйϵ
Լ͸еͷһѣ˵ҵԼʱԼͷѾشʧȥһּ䡣ֵǣʧȥļ侹ȻȫԼʧ֮ģԼʱʲôˣʲô£ȴȫǵˡǣĵȴһֱһģİɫӰڱ֣Լһ뵽ͻܵýͻÿҪʱ䣬ӰǾԼС
νʹĻᣬҲ͵͵װ˹ϣ˵Ϊ˵д̿дԼ飬ʵϣȴһԼʧȥļ䡣֪һʲôҪ飬ԼƬϡ
һ͵͵ԼӣЩǡԼҵһϢӣ˯Ѩ˻ȥڿջ˺Щѹ˭֪һǧټƵѰȻԼԿţŪԼüΡһΣԼע⣬ӾȻһͷײǽϣʱѪֹסˡǾ˻֮ӱʧǶʱ֮ڵ鶼ˡҲãĥԼǣȴǱйΪһǶμ䡣ˣҪѰԼô죿һǸ־ᶨˣĿǲݵġ벻ԸȥԼָΣ
̾˿ԼôӣҲֻˡ
ʱߵȴˣֻӵ»ǰ׮ȥҸղˡ˵žһӣ˳ȥ
æϡ
߳ĳ˺ããﻹиղ˵ӰҲͣĴ

ʱɾ䣬µ鷿ڣһλʮṫӡֻϵòüȴ͸һɲŭ
տտӣ״Ȼŵ¡
ЪôãҲóˡ
ǹӿڣҪվػֹ̧֮䣬Щ˰ɣ㻹Żػ
ǡ
ŮǰһŪЩ˵Ȼ˴̿ȥɱԹ̫ӣǷˡ׷ٵҹ֮ڣ˶ˡ
¾ţҲ˵˼ȴתϡԼϹȻû̱ȷʵ⡣ֻ䲻֪飬ȴҲ˽˷̱֮ʲôϵǲãӦЩ˵أ
ΪͿԶҡҵĵλǿЦȨѾˣŮˡṫӲмЦţŪ˵֪
һ£ǹͻȻͣŵ֪ô
ʦ˵Щ
ţⱾһ£㣬Ҳֱ˵꣬ꡭ˼壬ǼԦ֮Ⱑѵһ֯ڳöڣÿһǵֻҲ֪Դӳ£Ԧ죬ҲͳȥԭһżЩϵȴԶҲ֪ô¡Ͼܶ飬ҶҪȥһߣõҲЩͬһţͰʦܰɣΣ
µͷ˼һᣬ˵룬һӸ𸴡
ǹ̾Ҳ֪ľǳϵ飬طҲʺ㡣ԭһҳıߣϾԶˡұһ棬Ҳס
ԼʦѾɿڵļǹҲǿƣ漴ȤôЩĲɵģ֮ǰҺ㼸Σҡ
е£ǽ쿴˶ЩЩˡȴǣôڻûɱʲô飬ԼȻӦͬȥġ
ǲɣ´ұפ£ÿչ涨ɽͲˡ
֪ЦҲ⣬㻹ЩɽȥɣҪСġ
˼ҶҲǲãɽȥˡǹ˵վſȥ
Ҳվ͵ſڡ
ǹӸտȥӰӰ˳عͷµʦ֣ҪЩҴ𸴡Ȼµ𣬾˵Ļɽȥˡ
ṫӣ˿뵽֮ԼҪĪĳ֮УЩ꣬Խ

лҪ˵ذأغϻϵҶˣ¸ 
                   27 
嵽׺Ҳź֪ķ֣ԼСɽҲǣ²ˣͲҵĲˣôװȥҲˣ̵ϰΪѣСҡ
ҡҡλεСԭΪĿȥƽȥˣ˭֪ʱСӵ˵ͱ䡣ղŻϼĵգҲ֪ܳ¡¡͵ɡ
ۿžҪɽˣ껹ǲʱ˵ִϼӾͻʪ͸ĴꡣҲԼǿɽȥЩҲˡǡԱмССС˽ȥ
СֻĹһǰĹǰżƷ¯ﵹǲһ㣬ȴҲˡĴɢżѸɲݣʲôĽǣпտյҲһ˶ѡ
֪ʱڵ˵˵߾ߣұЩɾĵڵϣȥ͵ͣ
ûãͼֱˡһʮҵṫӣһ֮ףһһһߡ
ƺҲǽꡣǹӼˣҵͷЦЦҲ˹֣ǴкҶ˿ɾطȴֻǹһȻվšȻǹӱֵͣǾͶ֮䣬ɢһɻȻɵơ

һᣬȴԽĴûһСơ֮ϣžžҡųƵĺвʱһ׹⡣ЩĿͷ谵ɫٲߣ춼Ҫˡ
ǽĩϵ·ʪ˴룬Ƥ͸˿˿⡣
ʱִ̤ˮͷҡµ˽ֻڹ߻谵ǵҲģ塣
һƺȰ˵ǰˣֻ߱ߵӣô꣬ǻȥɣܲ⣿ҲһʱᣬȻ֪֮⳯УǻѰġ
ǰҲػֻǾֱ˽
ǺһҲ˽Ѿˣæ
ṫӵȻûкܴĶȴѾĵİϵĽ֮ϣǺͶҲĿǣһʱЩš
ֻṫͶ˹һĨЦ⣬ǱӵҲ˵ͷǽŵƱ㻺Ρ
ҲͿű߾վʹǽվš
֪һǲңҺҵСƳȫˡ

һĵ⻮ʣļµǿӲؽ˺ѳ롣׹˻谵һ˲ֽȥ
ʱһĨ֮ɫĺӰȻӰ֣Ѹǰſվŵˣ;·סȫ
ʯ֮䣬һʻ죬ǡõסͷؿڵöһöХŴȲɹҲ˿ա
ŵһ֮һְ˵ʹҲѰγ֮
һߣṫӵҲνʣ߻ˮйͨƺûȥĴ㡣
Ѿûմǰҵĳ棬Ϊǵһʣµһö˳ұ
ӻתѾһ˷Ӧƺһѭֱӿ֮Уᰴ棬ӾƮбŵһ࣬ͼöյشǰԼղŵĵط
ƺǺܳʱ䣬ʵȴһɲǵ飬ҷǰвȥˣѾڿУ˼ΪʲôԼҲˣҪǵǽ⡭ţҺεǱˤűߡ
ڷɵòߣĿһ׶һ㣬һҲܵģˤ˸߻أһʹˡ

찵֮Уһâ簵ҹһ㣬ȻͶǰ
޳ʹӾеͬʱӽն
˫̶ཻĽĦֳֽ֮̿һöʹͷֱֽʧ˷򡣶ҲѾعסЮŶ֮ӹ˫
֣Ͼһж̿΢һһббĴ˹ȥ

κתͼһĽԼǼһţֵֻܾĵԼԽԽ
Ȼһ磬⣬ĿǴ̿ͺڽ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾ӿһֵĸо˫۾ϤӦʶˡ
ֻԽԽУȻԳһĨʧȻǽӲĹ˷򣬴Ӵ̱ΪУҵıǼ⴦бӹ֮һ΢Ĵʹ
Ǵ̿˻һͶ˾ֶϣʹһߣ̿ǰ֮󣬺Ȼеӣ˵־
˭֪Ǵ̿;ȻתȥֽסԼ޽ĵĽ¶ǰξͺڻһ
ҲӿϵĶǰ
ǰҵһĻ֪ģеͷˣ˴Ҳһĸо֮ǰһϤſ𣺡ʲôˣ
еһĻһֽɡɡһʤѩȻ롭

Լʦܣſվ˻ᣬ½ôٵ˻ᣬͼɫ¡¡Ȼžžľˡæȡɡȥˡ
ߵɽ£ȴĻ֮ԶһСдɣȥ
ſڣ¾ͿĨϤӰϲͼ˻£һ޴Ŀֻ˲ӿͷɡҲ£ŻսеȥǶ֮Уסӡ
Ǵ̿ԭżµ˿Ѱ˸϶һײƴ˳ȥ
ʹ׷ȴԼסˣߵǻ֮ߡṫҲԼΧ
±֮ˣʪе΢ᶶţҲϸ΢ǿеĲϸϸֻȴ̲סЩ΢΢ƺ˾綾ۼϵƤѾЩڵѪԼɽæûдⶾҩƷǵ˼ѨʱѪҺнٶȣ˾Ҫɽȥ
ʱǰһֻ֣סԼȥ·
ȴͶԼǰӵ˭¡ǲɵļᶨ
¼žˣ֪ⶾƬ̶󲻵ãѿھ͵ÿ
˭֪˾ǵſڣһá
ٲ໰Լʦܵ˸ɫǹһӣߵ֣Ͷ˹ȥ
˴ûϵ˺ǰ֮˾Ȼһģʱ˸æҡ
ô˻ᣬ±˼˳ȥһ˻谵ĻС
Ͷ˱һСᣬҲ˳˳ȥ
谵УֻʣṫӺ£Լߵžǹվм䣬΢΢ͷҲ֪Щʲô

лҪ˵пԡߡ
                   28 
ѽ纥֮ζ¹ϣҹϴ׺ŵ㷱ǡ
ɾһɾŵһƵ˯齣Ͼһˣ£嵭ֻһһϸС˿ڣʱͿһ͸ĸҩɢ㡣
һˣճյؿŴ˵˯
ſڵ¹Ȼһ£һӰϢĳ֡
Ǻתͷȥǰ˶ӣ˶˵Ƭ֮ǰת߳Ҳվ𣬸˳ȥ

ϵ¾ڡ
ȥַ̱˵ţֶ˸Сƿȥ
½ˣ뻳У£Ҳ¡
һ仰ȴ̱ԻһЩήҵؿһ÷ϡ
ǿת˲ᡣЩҩ裬ȥɡ
ͷҽ
£ᵣġ
ԥһ£̱Խӹҩҵȵġԣҵġ
˭ˣҲֻһЩʱ򣬲Ҫ
ҽһЩ£͡
ΪԼǶԵ𣿡
ֻǱʦ־˵һҲһģҽ
ҹ󣬶һ
Ժ̱תСٿһۣͰˡŻֵİӰ֮С
»Уֻ֮Ѿһ˫ĿԼ

ӻ˯˵Լٸоʲôʱôˣ˵ҲңԼڲ֪Уˡ
ʱȴ֪ôѹҲǿעԼڵ
˼֮ʣȻͣˣס͵ˣͼѾߵſڡ

֪οڣʵѾ𣿡
š
ðɣ
áôԼΣ
ڣΣ
һֱҺġߣȴȻԼʧȥģԼһ㣬͡˶٣ƺ̫ԸǸۡ
Ȼ뻳ȡһ͸СƿﻹԪŰɡ
ҩһǲҪˡ
㲻գһ᲻ġҲߣ飬ô죿ֻϧһһţЩϣҲŰġ˵ҩֲǾûˡ
ǣҾˡҵеһţݵǰûдһţҲ᲻ġ
ֽӹҲ˵ôҿȻ󻺻Ŀ˹§뻳УͷҵļϣĵЦ
ˣʲô
ͬʱһ£Լ֪ʱѾϰ߱§ˣȻһĸоҲûС
Ȼ˵û뵽ôˣǸղ˵Ļ㶼ˣ
Щ
ûʲôҪʵ𣿡
ʲô˶и˵Ŀԣʵǰʱ򣬾ԼµЩˣְ̿ҵΣϵ̫ߣлһҪȰȰǡ֪ҲҵġҶ˶٣Щߵĵ̽ˣôıʾҲûУҶûȵѾˣ̫ûгˣ
§ҵֺȻ˽˫粻ͣĲţȻƲסЦӣȤʯͷҲˡ
ѽˣҺȻ
½ŵĿҵôѵﲻģ
ҵףƳ˳˭֪˫һմأûվȣһʹһߵȥ
»æסң˵ѹҪҶȴһЩŤ
źˡҿɥ
ЩЦõؽҷϴãӣͼ״ЩסߵһߵĹ˻ᣬͳһƿҩƣ˻
ģоԼţ˫޴ı۾ҿֻǽ涵ӰڱóֵͼΡ
ҹֻͷ紵Ҷɳɳ
ԣ˵˵ġ
͵͵ۿȴҲң۹⽻֯һûзֿ
ҹڣˣˣֻеԼԽԽϢҵϣȵ˫⡭

ʲôһĽǴлѡ
µǰֻܴӷ϶УһǡСˣ

û뵽Լҹͣ˻͵͵ʦһϲȴǸԼһס
ӵһˣһԼʦ֣δıһˣıСĻڻС
ģģʦҵģһ˵ģǻþģ
һŽڱޣͷ򣬱ǰˣǻþԼҪþƣ
ǾŽڱ綾ţ˶ֻǻûͱ´һӣ׵ص˿ȥһȴ֮˱¶ǰ
˭סˣգʣôˣʦɽסһġеľʱĶʺޣһӱӣǾնȥ

֪ʦôСԼб㺣ȻʾʾΣִԲۼһĻ֮£ЩʧľٶҲпԭԵһ޵ʱûϡ˭֪һޣҺԵĿԼˡ
Ȼ⣬ҪԼǾԹԣʹΣֻȻ֮˳֣ȻԼĵߡڶξŭ⣬ץסǱͷȻһ
ݾ;һʹǱӲŻ۵Ʒ˳ȥһۣʹˮ˲ģ˫ۣҲǰˡ
˵ĺǻг󣬺ܹ裬ŭ벻ʳļ䣬˻ţײײĳ˳ȥ

ҿıӰ²ҲЩ⡣쳾Ůϣһѣȴ˵̲סȥǰˡҲңĵܾˡ
һҡҡͷҪڣȻǰԺﴫһҵһۣ˶ڶԷпһ˿ɫ뵽СƢԺеĲ˳ˣҲ˲ýϻЩʹ䡣

ò̾СƻˣƬ̵ĹǰԺѾɨҲ̶áղŻеһЩͬģʱҲɢĲˡ
һλ˼˾ţűɪɪǰҪһ̧ͷȻסˣȻеɡɡ·ˣ
յĺʱԺ˵Ŀ⣬֮һĳ
˼ҵô㣬õĲ˰ɣҰĲҩҩЧ̫ã
㶵ضʱҾͷӦˡҵ߰еĻ㣡Ϊʲôֱʧȥ㣬ҲŷԼѾ벻˰


лҪ˵ϳһ£˵㣬λٰϹing 
                   29 
һССɧԺ󣬴ҶСһ¼ԺеֺؽڵԼС
ÿ˶ϸϸȷʦûʢŭ֮ϰѶҩ֮ġڴ˶ֻܵţ˱Ʒɨ˵Ƥˡ
ֻǿĲˣƮõǣұһģкܶΰȱ첲ȵġúݰ
ԭҪȥЪţҲͬ⣬֮ǰѾ˯˺һ󣬾ͷûȥǾ飬ֱ߷ǰ
ʱˣϰԵȥ׼緹ֻǽҪˣֻ֮ðాϡһ㣬˼ҺͺӳԣЩЩľͿпͷˡ
Űѷ˶˳ͱſڵ½˹ȥ뵽ҹǸҵǣֲļӿˡ
ŻûãҪ̫صĶ
֪Ӳء
Թ𣿡


㵱Ұ׳յĿңҺȻ򵽣ʱһֱſڡ
ǸĲ֧ſ˿ڡ
ҵĺˡ
УôԶŶӡǰϰˡ˵ǰʿʱ򣬲ĳƺˣҵ۹ϱͬ
ҲǸ˼г緹ģǽûԡǸ˵˼ǰûóԡԽԽˣҵҲȥʵǶˡ
ʱһӵʦ֣ҡһˡ
̧ȥⲻǸߵĴСֻңɫ԰ף˫۰޹⣬ǿ
Բ𣬡˽ʦֵҲ÷Ƣģʦ֣㲻Ҫˣòã
СĵĻǰԼʦáϾ֮飬ԼҲӦʦҪúչէģҲЩܣǷŻֻҪ㲻ٺˣʦҲ㡣
ģ˫ϲɫһס𣿡
Щԥͷһۡҳͷعͷȥ˵ǺðɣֻҲһˡ
šСɵӦȻת˳ȥ

֮ļ죬ƽ˾Сķ粨ƺôƽϢˣƺ࣬ҲӲǰ֡
磬һֻɫŸɾӣյյϢҪɽյʱ䣬ǷĲҡҺ˵ôҰ򶼰˳ɽȥˡ
磬Ҷ˯һƬľɹ̫ʱδ¶ĴСˡ
һ߽Ķͼһݡ
ضңȴٳٲڡе󱳵ĺëյģɱ˰ɡ
ҹ۲Щ죬ڿˣֻģϵСӡ
εĵͷĬˡ
ȻѾ²ǵõ֤ʵһ˲ݻǸеǰδеķŭԭ㵱˵ʲôԸȴ˼Ҫʦ֣Բԣ
Ҳ
Ҫʲôڣʵǰʦ֣˵㾿ǳʲôɸ˵ܣһرǲҲزסŭ
űߵƺʱȥ
žһСʯ׼ޱȵ˴СıӣֻղŻɷ׵ɫһӱͨ졣
˭Ѿ߳ŭˣңתѰǸĿꡣ
ֻһƬ֮УһССӰһ˫۾ŴС㡣
׹
⺢ôòˡǵԼɽ¼ʱûô󵨵ġ
ɽıԵˣҪȥˣѾˣϤĺлӳֱ׹
ССһſʼסĶɫ࣬ˮ˫ֿʼԼĴץҽӣҶֱ۹ýģץԼȴ֪Ǻˡ⺢вм˵ֻ죬һЩĲ
ʲôѽҩŭ
ңֻǸһѵʲô⣬ʦǰҷ㣬ʦֻ᲻㡣
Ҳ֪ںЩʲôֻǸӣںһʶ
㾹˵ҷˣľŽڱޣ߸һ˹
һŭӿ֪ΪΣʱĶҵоࡣ׼ǱҾץȥȻȵץ
ݳ˳飬ûг鶯ṦҹȻûϴƽһȫװģ
仰ԭⲻĻ㣡ķŭˣǹϤӿ˵ұۣʹһǱӾ͵ҵС
һߵ֮ʣһʳ˵ϡ
ҶңһڵģѾǱϵˣȻֿ˵
ѽҩҾͷ㡣
ҾҪǿ׼Ҳ׹ͷۻвĺӣѾץסˣ˫ŵСԼҵֱ϶˲ǳһС˿ڡ
ĺյľһμʱѾ̾ıˣΪʲôһʱסѾ϶ǸʱըС˱ˡ
Ȼ뵽һҴҵĴӻͳССƿһԪ׹
һֻݺȻƿӣȻеȻôĶһѾͷʦһͬġԾĵҩһ͵ĶԲԣ㻹͵ʦֵĶС
Ҳ磬ҡŻĺڰ˿У벻Ҫˡ
ܣܡҿЩЪ˹ˣҲѾŤҵؿһһ޽񣬹ؼʱ̣Ȼǿɿġ
ͽˡ
໣ģ
ĺӣҪץ˵ĵطҩڵλɻᣬһµĺá

磬ҾСĽжȹˡϧֲѨָ߼ֶΣֻ鷳˰

½ϣٶԼʦܰ飬ͼɽϸϾԼʦãʲôӣֳֻˡ
ԶԶľɾﴫĽӿŲȥһȴԭѹԼʦáôƷŮԼʦ
һǵˣæһףŵʦ֣۸ҡҡ
ǲţȴֲðԼʦţֻһ˵Ļ
˳ľôһ档ݿ޵滨꣬վԼʦ˹ȥ
¼æסӣһʵ׳ʲô飿
С޵ʦ֣С͵ԪУǹӽ㣬ҷԺ󣬾ֻѹң۸ң
˵һ䣬ͳȫ꣬ݵҲѾ˻
ʦ֣С㲻ؿ
ʦã㻹ɽȥɡ
Ϊʲôû˵ѣǻĿĲŽӽġ
Ըһɽʦֿһ̡
һǱԻˣԲԣʹʲô
ʦãҪʿɶֹĿֱֱС㣬Ļ
ˡ䣬תѾѪɫݣ˹
ڵģĽţһôˣ 

صУ׹˯ҵĴϡȷѾûˣǷġ
ȡһƿҩĨڱץ˵ĵط
ҿ⼸ջҪɽȥ
ձɽӦһӲˡ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻˽ʦãҲġ
Ҫȥܾ𣿡
ţŴհɡ
䣬ҲһͷԵϡգԥô̫С˰ɡ
µģ㲻ңҲʵ
۶ſڵĴϻȻۼ£ƻǺġ
ɡ
Ҫˣ㲻ߣҾԼĸ
Сġ

ùãùãһԶĴ
顱һĵľű˴ײ˿һŮӡ
ֻȻͣסˣĪ죬ֱֱָǰһǻϵ˷ŮӣһԼĹùãһɫ˴ʱ˵Ϥ
ԣȥָŮӺҽš
һߵĹӯӯվЩõĵʲôʱûйˡҲ˵ǽֹκ˽ôððʧʧľʹ˽
ƽҲһηΨһĹùãǷŻùõɫ̽ʣùã˭
һ˰ˣǳȥɡ˵˳ȥ
ٿǻһۣȷϻϵǸŮӣˣŸ˳ȥ
£ǹ󸾿ʵ˵ɣʲô顣
Сҭҭ˵ˣĩˣһ䣺ùã˳ú͸ղŻ˺ء
ǹԭƽţ䣬΢ɲ˲
òѾǾ޽УȻƣͺѰζˡǸջûҵţӦҲ˰ɣѵ󲻳ɣ
ǹ˳˼֮УһߵؿС󣬹ùöûԼʧһҲġ


                   30 
գɽˡҽſڣصԼУѾڵˡ
Ҷ
ӡ
ôˣҶˡ
˰ֵվţɡ𣿡
ǣվţǸ˪鵽˻ҹӡ
˭Ҫңһ׼ʱ䣬ڵʱ뵽λС㡣
Ӳ˵Ŀ֮£ӦòҶΣǸҲ֡
ǡ
ǸмλҴѶˣ뵱Ϯйأ빫Сġ
˼ǿгûʲô˵鰡ôͻˡ
Ҳȥˡ
¹Ӳòȥ
ҶǸ˲õĴ
ʱҶȻͷȥȻˣСģҶˡ
ҶǰŲߣһϸɤţ𣿡
ӭ˳ȥԭйһ֮Ե۹ɸǿŵ̶ӡһҾСŹĺ˵λһֹˣҼһ𡣡
֪λҿϵã
⡭ȥ˾֪
һ޸֮ˣôððʧʧĸȥ²װɡ
̫Сˡ
Ȼ֮ĲУ֮ĲްȻ˺ҶʾԲȥǲȥĺá
ʱԶȻµԭǸ߹ãʧԶӭʧʧ
˵ʱԶ˵ѾߡˣҲ˿ʵôֻˣ
͵͵ĵ·ˣͲ¿ģҲģͻˡ
λ߹¶Цݣմˣ
ˣʲôʱֳļҵĴˡ
Цŵ֪٣кιɣ
ֹһ𡣡
ŶֹҵĹ֪ͣҿɷͬǰأ
߹ɫ˵ָֹֻһˣմ½⡣
ǲãֹӲϤЩȽڣ»вǵĵطһ˳ײͲˣǴϸϸһȥɡ
°˾һҲõӣǸ߹Σ̾˿ȻȻһףֱͦ壬гһƬƽУչ˿ּ̫ܲ
ּ̫ܲ
ͼŭɫһЩεİȥףȻҲϲţҲֻøŹˡ
߹ǽУּ̫ܲˣڽʱ¶Ժһһ˵Ȳӣմˣ
Ȼҵֹӣּɡ
Ǹǻǻ㲻һģͰּܲ˹ѹֺҶ˵Ҳòȥʵ跢ˣܲȥ𣿻˵ôôˡ
ҵģҶߵСģҾȥ˾㡣
Һĵˡ

СβƵĽ˾ǣƽֵļУǾסڳǣͣһ羰ԺſڣԺ֮ڡ
½Σ߹һ˵ӱֹ֪ݣѡڴ˴˭ȴմסˣūΣóֹּܲӼ¡
ҡҡͷֻǲ֪̫Ҫң
⣬ūʵڲ֪
ˣ߹ϴҲӵС㣬𣿡
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Ÿ߹ȹңͣһ֮⡣߹ȽȥЩص⡣ʱŮҽȥ
߽СмλһλŮӣֻôҲܺе̫ϵһԶԶȥƺֻжʮ߽˲Ÿܵǹɳķ顣ȻֻǴƽķΣԵùˡ

̫бڷϣЩʧĿǰ߽ˣ˼Ʈ˶ʮǰǵҲƯһ˶·ȡؼеЦԼẰţ㣬㡭
ĶӣϧȻûԭΪˡһ棬᲻еįأ
˵㣬ȴ顣һУҵģϧ

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ˣߵ̫󡣡ִ˵һ飬Ӧ˵ɣ϶ôݵġĬţ̫󣬿񰡡
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̫ĿһۣȻ˵ǰգѾͷЩֵ飬ҽվǵһֹӿҵϣԭһΡ
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ݣֹǸ
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ݶ˹ԱϵĲ豭ҵֻǲ豭ŵǰСºȻһľһ˾ˤ˵ϣֻ豭ƫ÷ɵؿڣˮһ
ǲǹİɾҼԶ
˳𵹵صĴС㣬ʰϵƬ
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æ̫ģ·ܿ͸ˡ
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ʱȣһʱҲ˵塣ǰҪǱ֤İȫ
˵ݵ𣺡СֹӣҿԽ𣿡

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ȻսңҵղҲСģǧϡ
ᡣյ֮˺һ𣬻ǲ̫ϰߡ
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Ȼǽɽ׸ģƣԭװġֻǣ֪̫ǷҲװġ
ˣɣ硣
ãֻĵģԼĶȻнҩ
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ٴ̤С֮УѾȼ˵Ѭ㡣̫Ұ£ҳ˻лʱȻ˽˵Щʲôҳȥ
ߵſڣһֱ͵͵һУƤĳգգ۾ȻһŮ˽ȥ
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ϸߣȻǰһģһû뵽ֻǿһΣһһߡǲ˭Ϳ԰˭ˣ
ŴϣЧǣҡһ䣬ֳܿܿƽһԱ֮С

лҪ˵ŵŻᣬʵˡ 
                   31 
¶ԺڣУƵսغһ𣬳Ѿõ·һһǰ
ȻЦĵϧٹһӣͻˣ𣿡
һߵĸƽԼӵЦݣȴûɵķһɺ⡣

ʱṫӡ룬ڵһ͸Ƕ
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㻽ŮԺڶȥ

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ֻȻ˵𾢣κڲˣһҲԡƺѾϰˣһҲ˵²
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Ӹ¶Ժг֮ۿʱ仹磬Ҳûʲô;⾩ǣһ±һ񾭡
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ȴҲֻ΢Ϥһ»
ˣҾ͹ˡ
ҴͶˣŽֵǰȥһ·ļҵ̣ʲô̸֮У֪ճУ̴ӽˡ

ؽǰ߹һطɢζȫ
˵ȷԼˣȻòͨ˫ȴת˵Ĺ⻪鶯ǸصˣԼһʱȻڲԾзͷ£ֻеʮֵİġ
ԼĺЩϵȻһЩ飬ȴ֪Ӻ֡ȻЩֵ⣬ͻɡǵԼˣҲ١

ȴ֪ķչǣأԽʾ֭⳯ЩĶʶĵط
ţǾһϷԺſڡкȻͣ˵ֹӣһ·ҲЩ˰ɡͣȿڲ裬ӣΣ
һߵҲҼӲ֪ľϷֹ࣬ӣԸɡ
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˵˽ȥһڵĲ販ʿЦЩˮġ
ǰ̨һ죬Ϸǿˡ

                   32 
¥Ȼ鴫ȻֻǰмСǣĵҲģ
׳һΧĿǺȻͼ̨߳һһˣ˵¥̨¥ΪһСɵġ졷
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Ȼеߵĳжˣ̧ͷͼվ˵˵ˮƽҲա
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תͷһߵʦ˰ãˣ˵ɫԼסĹʱĻֻǳôãҲ֪赽ʲô̶ˡ

Χ۵ۼðһòⳡӣֹɡ
˻ãʮָᲦ˱һ֮ԶľǸղס졷ֻǸоȫͬϸǸ·ħͷڶ˽ֱ˳У԰Ρ
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һ·ѾһЩˣԼߡ˵ҪȥҵסҲûзԣֻһ·϶ʱ˼Ŀ⿴ңֵͷ֪Щʲô
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㵽ɾǰʹ⣬Ƚȥк

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Щ޴ĴţѰӰֱҿԼķ䡣 ǸССӰصڷ롣ǵ۵ѳ죬ǱѪȾ÷ĿѪڵذϣĵδҵУֻ׹ϵȾѪİ籡
Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱӣڻŻ׹ôЦˣΪȥߵѪѪѾˣȴһҵ֡
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۵ĺɫ͸ѪɫϦĲҵı

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ֻû뵽ȴһصǽ岻˵ȴһӰû
ãһ䷿ڿǸϸӰֻһۣסˡ
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Ȼ˿˵ǴңԶߴԶȴնֻ˵㵽ȥˣ
һ㶣Լô漴߶һֻë׵ĴԴЩӵ΢΢š
ĵë찡
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д֮£Ҳ˲ˣһȥˡͼ˫ĿգѾʡˡ

                   33 
¶վ⣬˫ЩʧĿСĵذϣһ̲ɫѪһȾѪİ籡ɾһ˶ûУ˿µİ
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Ǻӣֻ̫㣬ǳ࣬Ը񶼺أһһͻ㣬ǾֻҲζˣǺǡ
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кȻһӰվǰ
Цôô͵ˣһȥȱء
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תһ룬˿ңΥʦԣҲҪȫ
̱ͨҲԥų϶ȥ

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漴ͷȥ
ԶԶľͿһɫϸӰſӿǵЦݣһǰȥ§ڻĵ⺢ӣôôסأǺã
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ݵнԳһ˿֮ɫǿЦصҪǸˣѾˣѾɱˣҲ
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һߵȥߵݣùõĻùһ˺ˣۡ
ùã̧ͷʺħһ㣬׵۾Ծţ̽ңôҪǰʧȥģȫңԣŻµϦ˸¶Ժÿһ䡣

¡˿ջһ䷿ڣһλϴջ˵λӴǼŭģѪ˳ŻȻѪҿӣ滺һ£ӦϾͻˡ
лʹȥ˳ҩ
ǡӦţλͷ׵ϴͳȥ
ߵűߣ˸ͭ˻ͷʪëҪ˲ָŴ;ò̫Ծûͨȵĸо
ȡϵ͵ƣϸϸţڷ޽Ǵϸơ಻֪ģرСģϽһ㱡ߡ
ǰԽס˺»ᾪѳ˯еˡò֮̾ؼеƺռգİ֮͸һϤĸо԰׵ɫŲ̬̺죬ȴϧ
кȻҵĻ棬ֿʼԼһʲôϵԼҪҵˣ˭Ըҡ
пˣɵЩˡ

                   34 
̾ţԼôҲǹеһƷ̫үڣ˵һߵﲻ˵ҪŰȣ۾һգգضҩһʱš
ҩ¥ȥһƣš֨žʹˡ￴ȥÿԿԼڴأĵԼָָǻڷ֨ľš
Щεָָеҩ룬ٱ˱Ŵ򿪵ĿȡôСһ죬Ӷңųɲڳ
üʾСĵһƿŰ壬ȻŽż˽ȥ˵˲䣬ǲԽĺݺݳ˿ҲܿƵųO͡һȣॡһҩ붼ҵ˵ϡ
㡭л쭣תȥţſ

Ȼſ˫ۣǰһƬѪ졣ΪԼһΣֻ̫ʵԼ޷ƭԼתͷȥйеЩǿջɾʵû취סˣҾͰ
ʵǸӣ
ѾͣڸһׯˣԷġһտš
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磬ȻǰϷʱֻҪҲˣԶҲôһɡȻԵȴʧᡣԶ㽫ĵı嵭һЩ

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ʱŴˣжҩ˽еߣεĵǲСķֵģʱ򡭡
ûϵңӦöԼòŶԡ
ЩȻԼǲ˵ˡȰҩ˰ɡ
лл
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Ȼ˵ƽµȴѾ˲ŭѹˣʦãʵ̫ˣһͯҲŹô㻹ҹ֮飬ʦͽ֮壿

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ŵ˫֣

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ĵ˽ȥסնߣ˫ʧ۾￴˼˿
ĵ̾˿㾿ĥԼĥң
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ſڣͶѾڵˡҲҪȥȻ˱һɽ
ɾֻסĸп֮˵ǵ̫Ĵ̼һЩ顣ôѧƺǺѡӡҩģͷ۵ëǺ˺ܶࡣ
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𣿡
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漴תߡһߵסҵҪȥ
ȥߣɢɢġ
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һ˾һǶƲأ˳ȥ

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һĳţӭһСţ׾ͳˡһȻվһߡ
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״ǸԼءѾȥˡֻ첿ԶЩܡ
޷ҽҲʲôҪ¡
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ı飬п
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Ϊÿζȷ֪ҵ٣ϴλȾ͵Ϣ֪ͨҡУָָԼ߽ǶĳܱȻ룬ǲ֮ǰѾͨ籨Źˡ
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֮˺Ҷһۡײ֮еٮٮˣȻ׺񡣶ңССͣƺ˸ޡţ롰޳ɱ֮һŵһΣյĺڰϢɱ¾ҲԱػ
µĿҵôȻ뵽Ҫ˽Щˣ
룬һشҲ۱ˣ뱣뱣ˣ𣿡ҿԼ֣ƺʺӡǡ
һοϥ˵ԸˣԶ׷ġ
漴׺ͺҶҲȥһʹصҲ̷žͼ˽ǵϥǰ
Ƕɡһǲϰ˶Լȥġң˵Ҫ
ˣһ˷ܵӣȴƴʲôˣΨΪʵ
ԼǸõˡôãعҲ뵱꣬ǽƴ˼ѹӦҲ԰ɣҲһЩԸ顭

лҪ˵~~Ъһ󣬲дɲ
                   35 
лҪ˵ɽ׶Σ㿴ɣȻȤҲǱģдɰ죬˴Ժ󣬸Ǽ˵޲øҸλҺòײȰסˡ
ĸ飬ʵ˽Ĳ࣬Եһ飬¡ԭΪǵĸܲˣ˭֪üȥãջɳ˺طԣԲʲôֻ֯ݹ⡣¶ºΣգҪܵĵ֮󣬲ſԸ
һɫҲǿֻҪʲôʵ֯ͺá
˵ȻѾӹµȽվͽеĸ񡢲ҵȵɲᣬԱѯ
ţǾ鷳λˡһ£磬֪ݵ䣿
ǡ¸ղžʹˡݺѾԼĸˡ»ƺԹĳλЩӴҲ֪ʲô
񣿡
ʧԣ̫󡣡
û뵽ȻֱӺ̫Ĺһôҧгݡ뵽֮ǰ˵̫Ϯйأλ鷳
ЩԺľ尲ţۼʱ磬ұ˶ĳ

صɾӣɫҲˡҶҳԷֻĸ˵ķôЩ塣ԳЦˣĹȣѾ֪Ҫ϶ٱˡ
ճ극ͱ鷿
һᣬڻǿڵСݣЩ飬ԭǲ㣬㷳ġֻڿǸĺЩ
ǹЩصմˣЦЦ
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û뵽Ϊݵ齫ǣ⳯ҿǲܡ
Ȼǲ̣һǻŵġԺС𣿡
ţҲ㡣ϵԽԽ࣬ҷᵽɽȥסɾӿҪһˡΣ
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˲Ц˳ҵķĸ˶ס𣿡
˵ҲǣҲ̲סЦš
¿ˣĵ˿ЩЦݡֻԸ뿪µĻ֮󣬿ЩһС

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һĵʶңҿɾûֶˣҲ֪ġ
ֱ㶵ĶźҶһߵĳЩĵͶƯŮôû𣿡
ңҲǡŵתͷȥȴֻЦţ۵ĳ磺ŮӱȽϸģչɡ
£һ˵ʲôֻôһأ֡
ǺҶö֮ĳҵŮÿմҡڵĽڹӵת̨һܻðЩĸо

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̵ʱ˽ȻĿǰһ֪Ϊʲôܱȶʲô֪ĺá
оԽԽ˵ĺƵģҪһȥֻÿ죬ʧһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôȥˡ
һʱĶ֮ǶһʶĵάͲӣбİѾ͸֮͢Сֻǲ֪ҸĸΪʲôὨһ֯
ͷȻλǿˣĹϵ֮໹ԶԶĲҵĶȻȫȴɢɢġڹֻҪ߿֮ˣк̵ĵðɡھ˵ʽĸϰ֮ЩСһ顣
ĲиͨǾǲͳһ̫ࡣ粿е鱨ܵһУЧʲߵͬʱҲһЩܺҪ鱨Ҳ޷õЧĴȷ˵һҵȴֻм򵥵ʽƽṹɾֱ´ָ󲿷ֵľڰ֣ܳʱģңκһϸСпܵ˾޷С
ڴѧѧ֮ҲͨʶûԹҲܼܰɡҴԵƶһִй򣬸ţᲿĹԺͿǿֻԼֱ´ָڵļͲصġһĳһּų©ҲѸжϸ֮ϵ۵ˡ
ʵһû˵ҲԽĲĲصøһЩ飬ҲһһϣԽϵ˿ɿҲԽߡ󣬾͸סľȴǳڶ̫ķϾȨƵŮˣǵıֺҵľ濴һϡô׼ǲġ
ԼĹ۵ʱ켸ȻһԾӡҿʮȻ飬Ǿһֹϵľ޴ת䡣ڴƺԣ˳ִȥ
õ˲ʱʵڵ˺ܾáϣȻһһʵĵʽˣϽͳдһġ֮£ֻóһµ˲ֺĸʽ˷һԶһЩңǰֿȽ˳һ㣬ҲȽϷ㡣
ȴ˵˼˱֮ؾͺµˣӲҪҽЩġͼ˷̸ֺһ¡ʵ˵һ֪ʶǴƵģǸһͨˣ˵ţͿԾһʡҲٹ

ȡͷһ˲ǺҶشġһҳҾͲ̾أǰҳʽ˲
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ЦûлػⲻҵǮׯôֻ֮ڰˡ
۹ɨ棬ֿ߹ڣݹᾣǿѾ紦֪ϱ˺֣ЩѵˡҲΪæòɿ
ӡ֮Уֺǰżĺͼҵ£ѾչһʳҩģԷĳЩ˵ͶЩҲ̤ʵ˲١


                   36 
˵ʲôʲôȻˮ˺󲻾ãʹŰϢ˵ϲһЩصĵѾȫ
գһһصӡ߽УԱߣͱһѱڻ
Ҫˡ
Щ𾪵Ŀȥѵϱߣ
ĵ˵ͷ˺ܶԱȥ̫ҽȥ˼ֻǲȴ鲻߻ɢƣҲòȥ
ǲ̫󡭡
ųƲĿܣңҲ㡣ֻǷŲ㡣
ȥɣһԼ˵ΥĵĻһ˳ȻԹԴšǣֻҪõһҲϢô˭Ҳֹȥ

ڶһ磬ǡԶȥӰؿƵ̲סšһߵĳмҲԾæҡļϢһЩˡ
ۿǵҵ٩ȱأҪҪܲ
ȴĵҿһȥĺá
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ЦЦˣ̲סЦ⾩Ҳû˿óˡûµģ󼲡Ȼ⼸ʹЩ֣ȴûϣŴСʱµĲǵĻɡ
һͣҲ˲٣ұźҶǮׯȥ

һȥۼԽԽ࣬ҵҲԽĳܾòЩʲôͲһصͺͺҶֳܳԵĶװһ˳ȥ
ۼԽԽࡣȻѾ꣬ȺȴԴԴϵӿǰЩεĿ⣬ǳҵ֮⣬һʲô
ֻ䣬оԼһůĻȻͷ̧ͷͿзŴ
뱻˼𣿡ЩĳҺ
εЦţԼѾǰԺˡɱڵվſڡȺһӣΨֱ֮þͶɢˡҶʱҲ˽ɶ䣬ҲΪˡ
ٿԼϵ·Ϳһˡò̾Ⱥڵΰġۿǲܴˣֻýȥһ

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ˣüëͷ˼һڻص̾˿Ȼȥ
žԺ

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ѾкܳһʱûϢˣ綼̽ľΪѾֻ׼׼ĵزβģ
ֻǶ⵽ǵɣǲҲҪһˡ

Ŷ룬ͼ˴ţֻС¡ؿڹһСɵĴɫӳƤԽӵӨסϵͷȻ£˫鲻ԽĴӱ
еһ£ƺæҪұһ¡Ȼ˾Ͱʵ˳ĵ𣿡
ᡰšһŻˣеͷķƶѾɢˡʼ鱡ȴůԺŷſֻ֣ҪߵĻȴôҲ²

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ӣĵʵֹӣֿзִ磬Ҽû°ɣ
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ʵѾүˣҲ²ߡ
תͷȥŭ˫ۣĶңֻһʱ
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ȻӿһϤĸоʧ룬ʲôҪĶҪߡ
һδйͷʹϮǰܶܶĻ棬ҹ壬׻¡ֻЩеȴͬһˣ˵ҲȥֻȴѾԶˡ֮ǰΨһ뷨ǣҵţ

лҪ˵ӦڵҪż۸ڣǰ
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Ҵҳ˳ǣȥڳϵķϴţûʱȥֻǷԸտš
ԶԶľͿӰһһվš
ˡ
Ҳǰȥͷʵ㵽ȥˣһֽʹ𣿡
˭֪ᡱһͰγԼ䣬˵֪ѾֻҪҡ
ӳչ⣬εۡæлú˵ʲô
̱ȴףöԸİ취Ըңֻ˵ӦǲӦ
ô֪ڰ͵
Ȼ֮գӦӦ
ôˣղǸһӣԼҪЮ
̾˿ӦӦˣ㲻ҲŰɡ
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㻹ûشҸղŵ⣬ǲǶڰ͵
Щġһ
Ȼˣֱ죬ȴҲʡߣǰࡣ
̱뵽˸ţȴͬԼȥԼеλÿҲһ㣬΢΢ǡ

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СټסһֻÿϰЩЩظȻ½·Ϲؿأߣˮ·֮ȴͨöࡣ
ۿϱߵԽԽ̱ȴЩᣬˮ·Զûоͷźáò˺Ļᣬÿ˾ͼССĴ԰ЩʱΪ̰˯һϡԼݣӲԵõʲôֻҪߣѾˡ
ֻ첻ԸգǾͽϷĵؽ硣

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ô׷ŸˣҲȷʵЩˡҪڣ׷ŵһȺУͷ֮ԶͺλǧҪĺȾߣ
̱һ⻰һǰ
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һ£ۿǰŻɱˣʵǲͻƹǰ̱˳ȥ
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ȺٸмԶʱͣ˵鷳Ѻӵ¶ҿһ£𣿡
ٸ˵ͷӵһߡ
ϸ֮£⺢ӵĲ֢졣ǵԼǰʱʦȥũ壬ͼⲡڳѾټˣǵ͵ű
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ٸţҲţƭˣ˵žͳ˹ȴһߵ̱ýʵ˻ȥ
ڵϣʧǵؽ§Ż･ӲĺӡȺ˼ǺѾˣǾţ׷ҪٸҲ
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ֻͷҲûж֢ҩģֻϸϸԤ͸벡ˣŰŰɵȥˡ
ֻʣٸѾȥĺӣǿ
ȡһЩŵУ˵㻹ǿЩ⺢Ϊɡٿȥҿ첽߻شϡ 

ߵؿϤʹֿʼˣֻõַŲհ壬һְʹȥ
Ȼ˴Ӻסŵڶ𣺡ʹ㵽ôˣһ·϶üˣ˯ȡǰûë
ʵЩʱգҲѾԼֻǱȫûзֲ֮ңֻҪûʲôϵĲͺٷЩЦţѵǶƸǵûҲ˵аɡ
ұۣЩƣĿǰðβ۵û£Ѿˡ
ӣҲ˵ʲô
ЪЪʵ¸һЩĳжԶ
ˣдհɡ
ٿЩ𣿵ʱҪȥһˡ
ң˵㻹˯ᣬٽ㡣ϺȻһ£Լ˯֮С

̱§˻ˣͷЩһߵŤŤԼ֫ʾͷȽϺá˭֪ǿһۣë׵Ƥͷˡ
˸ۣߵһߣҧݣ׼̱ԡ
̱ΣֻýѵõĻˣĵ棡
ɲܣϲĽĹֻһУ˯ŵȴһ֪

ҹ˾ǵ㡣ûдӺȫѳѾĺˣ͸
һҵСʻСۿŴͷҪײϰߣȻӴյĲһֻͷĻʯһ㣬Ǵȵͣסˡ
һ߳һִݵβˣһԵĻˡ˵̸ͼǻҡҡͷżڴͷһ㣬ϢԾϰߣŨصҹɫ֮С

һţһ̵̱ķ˹ϢЩմմϲ룬ϰ⼸գԼǿҲԡɡˡ
УĴѰǮׯƹ֮ࡣһҿջſͣ˽ŲͼһյѰУұߵһյϵ롣˿ҵˡ
Ȼ壬ջĴ֮ȴʮҲ̨̤ףСЦӭ֪͹ټλǴ⻹סꣿ
ƹĿڣ̡
ڣ͹
һ䷿УͼһݵСͷڹ̨֮۴ң֪λ͹Һ£
ûд𻰣ֻǴȡһƣǰһζ
һĨɫУֻһ˲顣ȻƽĶһԵС˵λ͹ЩҪ̸ȳȥɣǵÿôá
СһԶƹ̨ߵǰϥأȭºǪ
ֻǰλ˭ȴ֪ˡڸƲͬԼ´ƵľơʯƣԼƣ˾ߵҲֻͭơǰλеȴƣʵǲ֪γƺˡ
Ұʾʵƿڣ
Ǫһԣ뻳ȡһöƸҡ滨Ʒȷƣһң޷ֺš
ҽƻʣ˵ؿиȾߵĲˣ˵ǵ֢״˵
ǪԼ֪ѸһȻһһʮĸҡ
˵ҽνߣȻǴģű֢

                   38 
ȡϵֽʣдһŸءȻѾ֪ű֣ô͵
ֻǲ֪ǶлûУһߵĺǪʶһֽлƻֲô
ʶ˵ϸϸ״ȻҪҵĶ
֪ҴʲôǪ̽ʵҪôֻǴ˵ҩģǻƻǳѬѬӵǲ
ЦǿǸö㲻Ҳ౸ЩУ󶼴³㣬Сó涣ҧסˡ
˵űȻǻƻΪšҲǽűǷֵģ֮ǰõȻѧҽҽҩè̫ӵĵʵ֪ЩҲҿ
ٶԣϵŷϺɫӡǽ̬Ȼ󽻸Ǫļߣ鷳һ˰ɣҲġ콫Žز֮СӦþ˵·ˡ
ٽЩԤ飬ұƵĳ˿ջͷȥ

գˮ·Ҳˣֻø½··ϵ̲ҲԽԽ
һգߵһؿڣ·ʿȴҲùȥ˵ٹȥ֢ղҲѾ
ղҵˣ
Щʿֲ£ԳϵߡȻﵽԤЧһĹͳ˽ȥ

Ȼ֮䣬е˶ͣĶ̧ͷͬһ
ӵжĿľգǴһͷݵİ׻ڸŵɽͷ֮ϣܿܿ
ͻȻ֣·һգĵطעһոµĻȻû֪ʲô˶ᶨţѾʲôڰиıˡ

Ȼʱ޿̲ˣ»û뵽ԼǰԶϤӰãͣظԼȫĴھ

һ̣תͷȥߵ˵ô˴ϳȥ
ЩɵĵѾˣҲҪ۲һʱ䣬ȡ
û˵꣬Ѿ´ˣ˵Ͼ͸ϣһһ붼󣬻ȥ
һº˾Ȼ˸Ƶģɢ˵Ϣ˱һţæӦȥˡ
ٳ￴һۣǿͷӵתͷӪ֮С

ˣȻѾˣôתȥȥȴһסȥ·
ǡ̱Ҳˣæҹȥ
̱ԥһ˲§סңҴǶͷԾת۾͵Ӫ֮ǰ
ϵſڣȴûƶ
ң˵ӣ˾ҡ
򣡡ָָľš
໡мСһ
䡱һ̳ſڵȥһŨصҩζ
ҽȥЩ㶵ĿǿŰ壬û뵽ǻҰķʽǿͻơ
֮ʱѾֱߵǰִͷʶҪңȴһֻס䡣ֻһͿЩվȣҡҡ׹ˡ
˶ˣҡ
ſڵ̱ԵŸʲôȥ
ҪǿЩ΢ŭصһЪȥ
ɷ˵ǿϡֲҽҲֻ˰ڲķˡ
ʱŸǣǵӣ㶼Цɢˡ
ӰסҸߵҵĻͰһжҡ
ЩĿǰ֮ˣԼ鲻ԭű֢ôοһ岻ã´Ⱦļʸ
ֻǡĨɣȴֲ֪ӰԼǿ۾ͺ˳Ĵһ㣬Щˡĵһںţ
ɼĵ˵ͷͼһĨϲЦݸϡ

ۿұͣϸϸղ˺öࡣ۾һȦĺӰĵɫԽĲ԰ס
ֻѰļűԵűȣ߿ɴ40ȣȻֽ35ҡѭķ岻Ź֡
ӦûҪղŵҲֻȿסԴˡţȴǲĿҡ
ôˣ
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űҪӵĶҧѪҺǰ㣬ɡֻȴ

ߣ˯ȥұ̱һ·ߵڵһ䷿Уȡֽʣ֪Ԥʩϸд
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ģһǲġ
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Ըҡ˶٣仹û˵
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Ӫ˶ҵķԸСĵĴһСҲѾùű˼ֳɼһ飬ַزģûеùˣǾٽӴˡ
ֹգڴǼ󳵵ݸˣŵĻкҶõǮׯϰݣ˵ǴӾļʳҩģġֻտʱɫЩ̫ãֱȷһŻ
˲ע⣬Ҵһ鷿ڡ
һͿʼѵˣ˵Ǻεأգпǵ¼˵飿֪ҶϢʱ򣬸ڲ㷭ȥ
ϲƺӷġ֪鲻ãҲйһƺ˵ĿڿˣϵĲ豭һڡ
ЪĹʵҪĶɶˣ
ԸȻˡңµ˵·ѾԹˣȻЧ
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ۿЩˣҲ֪ΰοֻڨڨĵԲ¡
ظ¡Ǹ֪ⷨӣºǺ档
ŶҼһƫٴζԲˣأҲƭġ

صĲҩһұ㿪ʼŰЩַƻЧɫҲһĺȻصȴҲʣϾ˼ѩ̿ʵҵķʱұ㽫˵װ˳Ҳˡ
ֻǱϾǱȽϴֲڵҩЧǲЩġһЩʲõˣûͦ
գҩűߣʿһŵ̧˳ȥһʻǰȥջлޱߣѾ
߬ȭͷͷʹǵóʼʱÿĿڷۣͷĿѣʱվվȡ￴öˣϰˣҲľˡ
ԱߺȻһֻȵƣסұ֣߬÷׵ָ˵ҪʹͺҪԼ
ͣ˻ᣬֵʵҺˣΪʲôһҪΪ𣿿ѾˣΪʲô㻹ߡ
Ҳܾôˣת㣬һֵصҵġְ

лҪ˵ż뷨ǣżҲһǻʿ
ҲͽһΣ֮ģżҪʼ͢
뷨Ǻõģǲ֪ô󡭡 
                   39 
һµʱ䣬ת˲͹ȥˡ
дˣĵϲšһˡˣʱϣҲȷʵǴо˳
ĲѾסǸҲҪˡǶʱʱؿǸǸСԺָļʱڣٶ࿴ۡ

ЩȤſĶƤϣŪëëĳβ͡Ŀſڵ̱ԺͺҶһۣŨŨıҳȥ
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Ųţ
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Ȱɣ˾ͿԳȥˡħ˵˵ԵĻѻ
һСôȻ񿴹ܷƵİҹ̫ˡ
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ʵ۲Ǹ޶ʱգҪ𣿡
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ʱѾڻؾˡֻкҶһҡųӵĵʱ¶һ϶ֳݳ
͸ʵɴԿǸİɫӰһߵǡһб£տ
յů͸ǵóʱҶӻǴдģѾǰܵļڷҷš
Ϊ߻ûȫȥݸĹؿڲĶܽſֻСţųĶ顣س֮ԶԶĿŵ죬֪ǴѲصղмݣæĿ˴ţͨ
㣬ԭʮ·ӲǱһ롣ССķգȴһֱϵﳯ֮ʱźá

װεŵ鷿Ҫ£һƽе˿첽ǰס˫ۣϲصʦֻˣ񡣡
лϡ
˵˵ٴˣûڵʱһԭǰƺҪһ塢áһϣˡ
ûдӦֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ֻ̧ϸԼʦ֣̾ʦˣżգˡǸŮˣ߷ߵص
Żһתʵʦ֣˵εߵԿƣȫһλѣ𣿡
Ƽķӣʹת
˵ǴһˡΪټ󹦼ǹ֮
½ղסµЩСڸЪϢ
ֻ룬ˣҲջأұļ٣ڼЪ졣ٹձǴ󳯻ӣʱһͬϵΣ
ȻǸ󣬶ܹüգǶĻᡣǣ»ǲԸΥ˼˽Ǳһȥһٽ߻ϡ
ֻüʦֵΪˣԼˣ濴׺ƣʵδĹ˭κ˶һ̬ȡȻ˵ǨˣԼ棬Ҳһ˿Ķʼɣһأ
Ȼ뵽Ů˵ĻһҵǺʶһ¡

ңЩȵؿʲôüġ
ͷôˣ㣬ʾһл⡣ȻʳָԼ̫Ѩ룬ҪӵĲƱأû׼ٸɡ
װǸпӣйġ̲סЦҪǮʲôֲȱ
Ȼһ˵㲻Ը⣬ǾͲҪȥˣǧǿԼ
ʦܣǵӻҪġ˵ܰҳ˲ɡҿûʲôؾʦĹȻԴ˵еľ֮ôһ˿ľηȴǺ֮ģ˵ôһڴ

ÿնСᣬ󳯻һΣϾټһңҲǶúܵģϵ̫áԣνݼ٣ʵҲֻѡ
գһ˿˷벻˹⡣ʱѾʼЩġ
Сǰȥһȥ˴

Ȩģʹĳ֮ϣʱۼҵĶʵȨڵϲֺؽ⡣ôԭͱ͸Ϸֵøɾǰķ³˭ϡǣ񲿳̲ǻ೶ƤڸҲϵȥ˭Ҳ֡ҲʱйԱУ´ʣ̾ԼΣ˲Σ֮һƬʧׯ֮С
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ʱһϮȻ룬˵ߵϣѽ˴ڵּ
зֻһԣʱϵ
˵ǿű֢˵ˣ׷תͷȥ
ʱͼһĨݵӰһС󣬻̤Сһֻһ֦ӵͷһԶԶţ;ˬ䡣ߵýЩоǽһ˿Ҳޡ 
߹֮֮һ£к»ԡһˮ˫ͫԣˮƣƷ
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˱ôһţͣסŲ˶٣˼ңλϴˣϴˡҿǸеģʲôﰡһ㣬Ҳ͡
֮߳λ󳼣Ҳʲôϵľ֮񣬾Ȼ󱳶ϵֻ壬Χм䣬ϸϸ
ڴʱֻ壬Ҳؿ̨µˣ૵ţס

λϴضſǶǿˣҲܲסϴﲻ˵ľ磬ֻðĿ֧Ԯְɡ
˭֪Ҳһʯ񡭡
ʯܿ춯ˣǰҺ֮䣬ʵ֪λʲô
׵ֻʱҲѹϸʱȻվɫȷȷʵʵǸӣһɲͬѰ˵ʡֻǣԼ׵ĻҲ̫񣬸ղ֮£ŻὫһΪŮӡ
ߣȻŮУհʾĿ²ֻô򵥡ʦ£Ҳš
ͼԼڸ׸ϰֿˣߵǰ˵ֹӣͣãϴˣ㲻Ҫ֡
ҡͷʾ޷ղſڵλֵֹδлкˣ
ôϵȻ˻һ㣬Ҳ֪ʲôһʵصгϵƼҴ壬ҵѾкþûˡ
ˡðֹ֪ӿ
룬Ҳûʲôģҡҡͷ
ΧȺǶʱ΢ĳ
ʻĴЩԾ֪ϿʲôĸµĶ𣿡
µĶ
һȻ뵽һҲҽ˵󣬾뵽ǷеŮӣ
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²̫𾪣಻ؿ֮ǾΥ˵ϤʹࡣƺΪ̲סȥҪץסûץȣ;ǰһڣֱֱصȥ

                   40 
¸е֮˵ϢȻæתסӡö˶˵ĺȻεһͬСɣλƺҲŵˣ׷Ρ
ʱֻͨķգѾȫˣôˣϸϸȴѰһ˿ɵټֻڻ֮Ҳ˫üʲôʹ࣬޲ʹԼźá
¼ֻ㱧ֱԼڹеס
֮һƬȻһЩĹԱԲ֪ʲô£һҲ²š̹ȻʣҼһϧĹԱУ±һЩ˸˳ȥоͰ״ˡ
ϰۼյĳѾȫߵûټȥˣתͷϵֻϣյĳỹɢ˰ɡϳҲЩ£ȥһλֹӡ
ֻԼµЩ˵ͷȻ㵽鷿ҡ˵վȵȥֻ£ڴ֮΢΢֣ȴƽ·ӿĲΡ

ϰҴҸϵ֮ʱȴһǶ⡣ϴǣǣ״ˣˡ
ϰ忴ǽյĴһۣôˣΪʲôվ⣿
˿Сմ˵ǲҪŲϢ
ͣͣԥŵ״ˣ㿴ǡ
ֻòӦá±Ͼشû֤򲻳ɵġ
ȵ۴ҵȲޥĵһˣʼѪʧã֮飬ҲضܹϢˡ
ϰ忴һۣ֪λƷǿȦɵ㣬ֻΪʵЩǰΣûϵǸͳ̳ȨĻʼѪͻȻֵ֣ǽ֮£ʷϻ ολԭģȴѵǻ꣬Լ˽⣬¡
Ÿӵ飬ϰǰȥš
һᣬῪˣȥȴһѴ⣬ЩԾصλˣΪλûȥ
ϵ飬ԭ;ΡֻǺ˺ȻεԼʧ˷ִ磬δȥ¡´²򵥡
ðϰݣǾǸԸ档
ϰ߽ߣڴϣѾƽȣֻǻûһߵµôˣ
ü˵Ҳ֪ƽȣһ˿촦ˣٺú
ϰͷߵߣ־Ҫ⿪ڵ½ס״ˣʲôУռλ˶Щǳʲô飿
ϰᲦ֣˵һѾҿҵǶҾͻһж㡣
Ȼ̽ڣһ󡣺Ȼɫһ䣬ŲŽһȡ˳¶ȥŵǰ

鷿ڣֻϣŰϰ彫һ顣˵֮̾ҵĻôǺǣҵ˲Ǻܺ𣿡
ϰϸ׽⻰е˼ȴκס֪ǰλϲǡ
ϡ죬ȴ֪˵ʲôֱ졣
ֻ뿴֮ôĵ̡׾ģ
Ȼתͷϰ壬˵һֻðɣ𣿡
ϳ֮ʱûѡ
˺úչ⹬ס°ɡУگ顣ҵĻҵˣȻҪףһġ
ּȻ֪ʲôһػӱϾǼ£Ըοȵ֮顣һϿƺҲûʲô˵ģԼǰ׵ˣϰҲ˵ʲôȥ׼ˡ

תԼһŵķڣŵǹɵζŵƣȴûˡѾҹˣڸֻǣûɡ
ȥյſڣͼСվߣԭԼڹСԴһһģȤ
һһӵˣԺ̧ͷ
Ҽæʣա
ȻȻ򵽵ϣסͷ˵үүūŲ˯ŵģүţ
һôһţҲ˯ȫһ
ʶҪȥǣ쵽һ룬ȻԾŵǣղźʲô
̧СèƵҭҭصүūǿЦˡ
һ룬һʵʲô
ͬصү
ŶˣүǺǡү
ת뷿Уɻصϡ
˯ɣ˯Ҳͽˡ
˭֪СžȻ˽СӳţʵүʲôԸ

˼ҲٴĨصүү
Ҳ̫ʵ˵ɡѵ֮ǰĲ²ˣ
Ķӣ
ֹͣչ֨֨תԼڼ䣬˲ٵ顣
ʵǿ֪մȥˣ
ֹ˿үմ˱ϴȥˣ˵ǲþͻ
Ǿ͵ȵɡ
ǡ˴Ӧųȥ
ͷˣţ˯˯ɡﺮ¶أοҿûŰСӵϰߡ
˿ңȷҲǿЦϲصת˿ط㿿ż
֪ʱȼɭϣ˯ҲǾԲҵģҲȥˡֻҲͷſǽڣͷ΢
˹Ҿҡһ䣬үݵת֮죬һʱת⾿Ǻ£ǻ£ܾûеô򵥡
Ӧ֪ҵİɣȴԸңֻҲ顣ദôãǲẦҡֻΪʲôνȴûҿŴŨصҹɫ˳˼֮С 

⴫ĽŲ̧ͷȥʳָߣָָ˯ĺӡ
ЦţСĵ˽Ҵߣҵүɰˡ
Ҳŵ˵ȡЦң⵽ô£˯һͳүˡ
˯һ㵱赹˯Ŷֲ𣿡
ұŵ˰
Ҳţҵ۾˵˵һ飬ʱ򵽵ôˣ
ǿԼֱ˵ŵˡ
һǲġԴ֮ҽͳӹҽרҵġԺҼ飬ֱҲΪֹ
Ц㣬ֻæȴ鲻ʱء
ϰԵ§סңȤүˡ³ðˡȻָ̾û뵽ȻǵʧĻӡ
ô£ҡ
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ЩĲడֻǹкȱ˸ˡ
ʵ̫أô£
̫󣿡̫ƺ׵Ĺѣá˵빬֮Ͳ跹˼ڶμŮѡ빬СĻʺ֮λҲȻʽԣȻʲŷġ
ǵ˵ȨƵģŮ֮鿴üȻʺλӶóˣ̫ʲôȥѲ鱨⣿
ҵͷʵʲôԵĵط𣿻ﲻ
ܲð͸¶ֻҡҡͷװӣȺŪȥ˵
Ȼһ£ʵ£ﶼ֪𣿡ָǺҶ̱ԡ
Ѿ֪ͨˣİɡĴѾˣҲ˵ǿҲѾ֪˰ɡ
غҶѾȥǼλ㱨ҵ˰ɣջҪǼһ档飬˵ɡ
ã˵ɣҲһˡ
ЦȻսңааصҿ԰⿴𣿡
ֻѪ৵һ³ҵ϶Ѿһ첼ÿֻҪһóǸӣҾ֪ûк顣ŽôҲֻǴ
ȻƲͷȥһҽ緶ԵЦ
Цˣת˻˵㲡պãһۡҪǣҿûô׵Ȥζ˵ָָڴݵС̫ࡣ
ŷӦԼǱˣˣЩ³İϣߺߵ˯ɣ

һѬŵķڣ̫ḧǻеŮӣصϧڼˣСҴСģ˼ҶٻܲµЩ˵ϲԼĸ𣿡
Ȼ̲ס͵͵ЦЦߵǺڴء

ټڣֻڿϣ¡Ůˣô׾ܰҰ⵹̫ˡϹ罫ƾͼơţнֳԾԾԵĹ

лҪ˵绹һ
ǰ 
                   41 
ڶһ磬ʥּʽȷҵݣͬʱ鷿ݡʥּ˵һ飬رҿԼݲΪһִˣһǲ̫Ը⾭Ĺȥ
Ҳסոˣðᵽ͵ȥסãոͦġ
ȥ鷿·ϣҲŻȻԼ©һҪϢҪȥģһ֮ͬʱҲҵĵܵܡ

̤鷿ڣĻʵ۱ӭȵ§ҵĸ첲΢Цŵˣ
ӣһ㱼񿴼ǵӰӣ̲סǣǣǰȥϲһˣҲѪԵס
ԵһãȻ߻Լλϡһߡ
Щصлϡ
ҡͷ˵ֵ֮䣬˼⡣ͽһ壬
˵˻лЩҵľЩҲǵһ˵׹ǶΣǽŵؿסҵ֣޲ʱ͸ȫ顣
һǴ硣磬ȥŻ԰ɢΧľ£ĵؿ˿ڣ֣֪ǵôȥȻ˶˵ǲģҿԿ϶Ǳ˺ģң˾ߡ
ͣ˵ˣ̫󡣡ƽȴ͸һɭɱ
ڣֵɱ
תͷҵ֣Ҫİ֪ϡ
֪
ôҲһ֮ôҪ飬ʲҡʵûлǰҲнǵʱֻˣӣѾܾûкϵˡ
εЦЦԭΪ裬õţܷԸһˡ
ǻлˡһ£ֲֵ̫̫֣ԿҪ鷳Ҳ볯¡
ҶοһϲͨæֵҿɲУ⳯ϵ飬һҲġ
޷ҲͻˣʹӦҰɡ
˱˺þãסĥӲݣڴӦˣֻǿֶ⳯˸зġ
ۿɫұǳ˻ʹոһ¶һ·ȻдĻʹл͡

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ֻôҾŲǡҵλڼŮûз⽨ŮӵķǱȽʮһ͵ĶŮԡҺϲ
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ͷҵҾҪȥˣҲȥʰһ°ɡ
ǡҶ˵˳ȥ

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վʲôɡ
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ȻһΪʲôҪֻҪԼߣô̫ĶԼͿ֪ʱٻǸ
񣬶û˵ĺֱߵǰ֮Уֻǿ֧ţ㡭ҡ
ҵ㻹㣬һңô£˵ˡʲôô񣿡
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ͼǺգ̧һţ˵ҵ˼ǣһְɣҿԡ
Ҵ֮ҲҪ𣿡
ͣȻϲĿԣھȥʰ˵ˣһᷴƵġ

ЦȥıӰȻת뷿Сտţеһϵ͵ƺȻˡ
תһ˭ֻûڣѾǿǽϣһ˫ȵĴ˿ҵأҵľһǿֱ۽§ҵ޲ýȥ
оԼҪϢˣֻܷȱԺġ֪˶ãŷſңѻſͷ
ڰ֮пòһЩϤڶд޵Ŀɬ벻ʣΪʲôҪ׽ŪңΪʲôҵ㣬ͿԴߣ㲻ǹƨүҲԴߡԸԼûͲٴʧȥʹ࡭̫ƽƽ˵Ѿſǻ
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е˺ȻһȻæֺˡʧпǰȥûأֱ뻳Сƺҩ֮ĶֻƤš
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ҵ㣬һ˲ʧȥ㡣Ҹô죬ҡ
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⴫ֻӲͷƤӣˡ
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Զִ֪պѳɹȴҪһΪͻʱɭϣ¾ûôõĻˡ
Ҳ½֪ʱðôһ书ǿĿʲôԼеˣҲǲƴȫֻʱ䡣
ۿ˿ҪγɰΧٲ߾ͳˣðǰ£ȻԺ⣬ʧںҹ֮С
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ĵײðһʣУ˭ΪʲôҪߣ˵Ļʲô˼Ȼᡭǿҡ

һ֣ϣﶼǷণľԱֱ߷ǰף˲ŴŹǷһСᡣҲûгֹ
ʱԶԶĳűߣ߳һԲ۵ͣǣƥǰ߳ţعͷ˾һۣȻݺݵسһޡ˻ţõãһȥԶˡֻǳ̫бߣӰĳģǲĵطһ㣬ͽ͵򳯶ķ򡭡
ڶ꣩

лҪ˵ٴ۵Ŀʼ 
                  

 42 
ľԺԶԶĳһˣСĵһֻС¯¯һɵСѡ
ߵһڽĵľűߣûãžʹϢؿ϶պù롣Ľȼű¯ɢⶬյĺ⣬ů紺
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ҶȥͼһӰһ˱֮󣬼˿к£˫΢΢ţƺ˯ˡ
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̱ҡҡͷûô˯ãò˯ˣζܳ
ſڱȻţһȴˡ

۾ǡÿſվˣڱƿ̲סԳЦ˵˵ʲôſ䣬ɡ
̱Щյص㳳𣿡
ûУԭҪˡҶõʲô
عӣմ˷Ըġ
˵ŽС¯˵ǰ˵ˣ˲á
ŶˡҶھͺˡ
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ָָǰĶˣܵüӽ㡣Ҳǣ˯Ҳҡ
ɫһ䣬صģΪʲôҪûûҹġ
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˵үҲмˡ
ҰﰵڸڣΧ˸ˮйͨϾԼĵ̣ǳҲࡣҲлύݵķӣʱұѧЩȻ֣ԱҲ㹻ˡ
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̾˿ǹ˵ģֻǿô࣬ԼҲҪЩʲôŰġֻ̫֣̫ƽˡ

һ磬Ҿʹ̱͵͵ڵݣȥһҲס
ҵѧѾˣֻһܴʹ۰ʲôӣᱻ׵ҳǾϢζҽ飬ҵһֽ䷽ڸһеζоרΪĳЩְҵƣǺܷҵҪ󡣶ⷽҩĵġ
׼һҩ̣Ҫȥ̱ԺȻһ£˵Щ˽£һͻأԼȥҲãԭͲ֪Լʲôұһ˽ȥ

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˺ߺߵˣܵ޳Ҳҡ˵ӻһرء
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ޣúáһߵ̱ԣںҶ󡣼ȻˣǾֻйԹԸŻȥ
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ԹҾһͷ䣬²ذŪ֪ʱҲԸ˴ҲʶȤرܿˡ̧ͷʱѾһƬڣϵ͵ƶϨˡն̣Ҳ֪ʲôʱˡ
ղŵ˷ܾһڲŸеЩƣۣҪ˯ƺǷֵ˵㣬վһͷΣؿִʹĴǰҪˣƿţ¾ˡ֧Ҫȥϧûͺܲҵ׳ҵˡ

̱Խһ춼겻ģӶ˵ĻʲôΣѵʹ֢̫֮йأ
ԽԽģʸֻǶôˣӦ˯˰ɡ
һһŲǰƹȻѾϨˣȴһ㶯ҲûС̧ˣִӿһϸ졣˵Ĳģǰ˳Ҫء
͸ϸ죬ڵ龰֪˯úòã͵͵һְۣɡֻǣΪʲôϡǿյģ
̱Դ֮£ֱӴӿŵĴ˽ȥ۹ɨŷ˾ڵϡ
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һ뵽˴ɱԼ˼С֪ǸԺˣôͷһšģһڡ
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ǰЩģˣҲЩ塣ǺǣǿЦʲôȵҺ˳εϡ
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Ұ㡭
µգ˳ϸķĿıǼ⻬£һֱЩ԰׵촽
ԲݣһΣһΡ
ظ΢Ĵ꣬˱֭Ҳװ±ġ
ɫˡҾͻԼѡ񣬿ûôһһӡ
̱רĵŻеˣУȴûз֣˻ſ˫ۣеĨʡ

лҪ˵Ͻش۹ 
                   43 
еͷһæ۾ϡұϣǺñӣȻ˳ȥ
˺ܾãҲŽ۾
֮ǰһĻĻʵѾɣֻһֱˣΪҲֻһʱ嶯ʱ˾ͻҡ
Ҳ㣬ȴ
ֻǣôܽݸ飬Ѿ˰
շת࣬ҹߡ
Ҿһֱۣ߽

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תͷΪʲôҿҡ
ҵţȻľڵȽæѶҡ˵űȥһ±ס
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Ҷ˵һ͵ˣ緹û԰ɡ̱˵ŽһʳзŵϣȡһðİͼСˣֽС
Ȼȥܿɿڣûʲôʳԣô׾ߣΪΡ֮£ֻ
ȵİڣȴһ̲סͿԽȥİ඼˸ɾֻȴѾ˷ۺɫȻǱɫİһۣŷ֣ű˺ѷεؿܣȫߵλá
Ȼ𣬱һѱſڼȥһ·ţأȥˣȥҴ򣡡
һ򿪣͹˽̲סһս
ԶҶҴҸʧӣһ̱֮ǰŭ㶳Źˣҵš˵ſ첽뷿ȡ˼ϡ
̱ԵͷһۡҵĿԻûͣЪУɪɪӡһţ§ҵԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
һֱ۵Щ䣬һطɡȻתͷԺҶմӦûڹ£ͲҪˡȥλӦ˰ɡ
ҶӦȥˣҲл̱ԻЩƣ۵ر۾߰ɡ

صУСĵطŵϣ˼ұȻЩˮڣȡűߵˮ裬մˮزǺϵѪ
һԣﰲؿ¡͵۴æµӰʱˣüҲһֻ֮ʣһĨŨĻаյ
ҴȻ̧ͷ۹ײһֻһ˲㶼Ѹƫͷȥ
ǡʱ֮еΡ̱ţͼҶһλٵĴ򣬲ΡΡ˽Ҫͷæֹˡ
̱Զһӿţϴм뻳ȡһϸ˿ҶС
ʲô
ϴ΢΢ص˿ү
ҡͷˣֱӰɡ˵ܣ쵽ǰ
Щܳؿңүǧ֮Խ
ЦҲΪԼãҲҽֻΪֱȷ𣿡
̾ү䴫һ㰡
ôһ˵ҺȻЩ棬ʵ䴫
үòһˡүլʺƽ׽ˣռ࡭
˵һ䣬Ҿͺգ棬̲ס⻹𣿡
ЦҡͷһĲšƺС϶ľƢˣŲӵүţԼʡ涼ˣʱǳߣκõ𣿻гʱľȼ÷ö˲ðܶǲ֪ռﶼĳλء
˵˺ܶ࣬עȴֻһ䣬Ǿȼ÷Ĳ٣˽ºͻԳ͢ʩУΪȴ֪ҵ⣿
ü˼Ҳ˵̱̲סڣϴ㵹ǿ
һҴ˼оѹӦǰˡ
ϴСؽִϣã˵үֻЩǶۣӦþȬ
һߵ̱ŭ˵ʲôѪˣԺŪȥģǾұˡ
ϴҲŭС϶ٲãҲүĽЦ˵񡣡
ۿ˿쳳л
ԣҲ˵ûʲôģЩֵˡ
תͷԴԵλҲǹңϡҲԼˣӦϢЩͺˡ
үһȣʱüЦӣ
л򣬺Ҷʹȥ
źҶλϴ뿪ֻʣҺˡ
ĬһᣬȻúϢҳȥһˡȻת˳ȥ
įȥıӰҵҲǿġ

̱ԴҴҲǡſ¡һѾס죬ŭʲôҽĲ
¾ʲô˼˵ôˣ
ôˣ̱Է߷ߵصʹ֪֪赹ֻ֪֪֪ʦǸʵȴҪҲƽȥΪǵ鷳ġںˣǰʹѪҲˣ
´֮£Ҳ̱Իק죬Ҫ塣
̱ԾǾסţ˵Ҫʲôʵȥȵ𣿡
͵ػͷŭҷ֣
̱Բ֪ΪΣǱһŻײǹ֮ϣ׷֡
һԲͣǰһ

˴Ҵææ棬һӴӴ˭˶ּŻŵ˵أҲֻЬӣͼǰԺȥ
ܵǰһһӰѱٶȲһѷѽ⡣ƴɣҲЩˣṦһӲ嵽˼Ӱ֮䡣
˼סƣͬʱˣ˶٣ֵôഩЩ
ٲҪˣﻹü·˵꣬;ǰһһ˵һ˻뵽һ綼ûԷ糿Ϳȹһڻô·Ȼָôһˡ
˵͸еؿһʹˡ
Ҳܱסҵ˭ֻ˫ۣԼؿڣڴڴе亹Ҳ˳ϱЩʪˣ䣬ӲԽս
еһůĳ˵ҩ·Сݣ㡭ôˣҵڶߣԭҵ
˫ۣͼ̱Ҳŵһߣǿʹ࣬Ҳһܡ
ȻɫһʲôشƵģ˵úտȥȥͻء˵һת֮С
ץסֻһƬ½ǣ뺰סȴ۵÷Ȼӿһ˿ǣȴֻʧԼ

                   44 
̱һ̤ңŵһŨĻ㡣̧ͷʱ̫бţһĺãĵݸ
̱߽һЦŵԣˣҪ
ǣǰҪϢ̽ȷ绹Ѫ
ŶΪ£ͷһˡȻˣһҲܾûˣЩ˵
̱²ͣǴ»ûȷֲʱ˺Ƥֻüš
񻺻ڵÿο㣬뵽ʦҶӣ򻨴йƬҶմ飬ȴǳ顣
˵ѹʵʦ̱ҲȻ
֪ʦΪζƴӣСЧң
̱ԴСʦ̵ĸӾ֮飬ֻʦȴӲ˵Ĺ̫Ҳ΢΢Щ棬ʶҡҡͷ
ֻһҡоЩжƺҲóٻһɱֱʱ侲װµص̫󣬱Կ¾Ǳ߻ɣǵ˵ɡ˵űҪת뿪˭֪Ȼˣס·
̱Ҳȥ²ʲôˡ˫һ֣ϮˡҲǷ֮һֻһսѪм٣ֻ̱лӾ磬һ֮Ҳ֧ŲסڵءһҲɱֻý
ЦţҲϵǾʬһۣʲôһû˵ءʦǾʱһ˽ʶġϧ㾪Ϊˣ֮ǶǣӣҪô飬һأȴͻˣʼղҿڣʧǿϧƺϧҡҡͷ
ʦͽǺԣһˣǷҲܺĿζϴλر˵𣿡
ЦЦؿֱߵ¯ŵҿʦһҩ顯ղ֪ģȻˣֵ㣬ǡˣɰ
¯½ݣֱߵ̱ǰ
̱ԵͷֻǻζԽԽŨۿЬӳѾõһѸװ̳̫û书ֻҪ⽣ЮסԼӮˡ
ֻ⽣ȴһ͵ͣסˣ߲ͣԶƶֺ
ǰû˵òһƬհף˳ճӣǲ֪һʲôźá
˫ӽ㯣Цţдһ˿Ȼ󣺡ԣҰΪʲôýָң
̱һ죬æջС
ȥǣ֣¯ŵУ˵ҾˣپһɡǵãٵȼΪֹ
̱ԹԹӦˣתͷʣµһ˵ɨɾ
ҲһԵؿĸԸصǡ
񲽳䣬װֳҶ˹ƶԼɱϧԾǶôĲáңһ˺£ȫͽܵ˼֮࣬İ֮˳Ϧԣá˵ҴĻҺģ

ҹĻɫŨء
һ󺮷ιôֱ졣ϵ͵Ϩˡ
ǵƣشߣ˵ǽӹϰɡ
ҿڴͷȫֻһ㡣ЩηҡͷŰɣЩһܿˡ
ȻѾյϢ˵˸¶ԺҲûгһǱһϣȻڴڡ
ʱڣȥ̫ʲôΨһһ֪һᾭˣѵʲôԡ
ţ۹ǡö˫ӣЩŤı˿ȥ
ĵصΪʲôң
ûһشЩԳ˵ʵҲûãھ֪ˣȴҲ֪ô졣һ󶼿̸ʲô㣿˵ûʲôҽҾǸӹҽˡ
ᣬͣ⾩֮˲֪˲αԷƱﲻ˵ֻѰë
Цŵ⻰̫ﲡѰëһǾӹҽˡЦţȴȫǿɬζ
Ѿʧյĵݣӿ˿˿Ǹ⣬ΪʲôһһҪΪˣԼܲס
סεĵǵС̫󣬿ܾǰѾ˰ɡ
Ҫ²ˡ΢˫ۣΣյźţصֻΣҲ顣
ֵͷң˵ϣԺúôڸֻҪãȻĵҵĽҩ鶼ҪġҲ¡һ䣬˵ն˵Ҳ˵Լ
˵ͷڵңҲֻĺȡ
бԡ
ģһ

һҹȥ̱ԹȻûл
ԸҶңȻϳȥˡһӿǲϰߡڻ᲻ʱһʧٵļһʹëǾҲҴʱ䡣
Ȼûв뵽֮УȴҲܲµ⼸ճϵȷѪ꣬ҲԼÿֱȵΪҵĳ档
žսݵӣݣԼԵоЩֻԼ֪ʵ⼸յûʲôЧΪҸ;̱ţڳϵաĿһзȴһ˿һҲʹϡ
Ҷ߹ҵӣǻشŰɡ
ҿЦŵԭҹңѾ²˵ĵز˰ǿɱ̾˵װģҡҡͷӣԼЦҲûбȤˡ
Զһӣ˵ӻ᳤꣬벻ҪԼ˵¡
ʱ˴ﱼԶԶһȴһҵСѾͷ
ͼһ·ţﺰʲôˡֻǸ̫ԶܵǰѾֻܺ겻ͣȴ˵ˡ
δڣҶѵôһҲûУˡ
ѾͷźҶֻǽЩȻһŭĺҶңͰ͵ص̡ˡ
һԻˣ
СѾͷϢãǣүˡ
еϲãæʵ
ҡҸղţү鷿
һ⻰Ұȱ鷿ܡ
Ҷ󣬲ͣص빫ЩšֻҲ˽ҵ飬ֻ˵˵δ
ܵ鷿һֻпտҲһӰҲޡͷֵĿ˴һۣҲǾȵĵҲſġ
ҶֵؿһۣǷۻˡ
ʹҡͷ÷
룬ֻİڣȻ˼̱ԣֻˡ
ôˣȻɻ󣬲֪Ҳ˲٣Ҳһ档׳ʲô飬һ涼Уҵ鷿ʲô
úҶ£ҶԴ鷿Źֵ顣ߵӱߣȥȻʲôѵܡƿӣһѰԶ̵Ľǰѹһţдš
ѽʶ̱ԴӲĻ彣ѽֹҵĲӡ
Ȼ£˺ŷ⣬ȴֻж̶̼֡պɾӣһˣʱǡ֪ߡ

                   45 
֪ߣ
˿ңģ
ҵͷӦò١
ƾһ˵ôҲǸ֣֮ҹԹԵ£ҿɲᡣ
ͷ˼ã˵֣ȿնȥǿԮҲвҺͻϡ⼸æŲ߻£ԸǺܶɳ֮ӦҪһԭһһ˵Ȼս飬ǾͰսǰˡ
̧ͷǡÿһĨаȵЦݹǡ˰оһϮ˻䡭

ʱ䣬ת۾͹ȥˡ
գҺܿıڸС컹ûѾˡ
ŴҳգǡϵҳȥҲԼ취ô
ԲԾֻһˣĲġ
Ҷȥҩˣʣһˣ滹վλ񡣽šغãǶ֪䣬Ҳ顣
ۿע⣬İϵĴһͷĸƿͳҵȫװǺǣԼڸ֮ǰѾȫ׼
ֱǰСĻšȻĴ޷Զ͵Ĵ˿һ֮ȥаӰ
æŶ룬ȻǶŵһ㣬һѣ׷׵˵ϡ
ҴӴ˳ȷ˶ѾεĲˣæǰŹغáһµģ·ֶԼϸϸװһһ衣һۣĵͷ
Ŵʱע⣬ںŴŰڿǣѸǰȥԺ·ҲܣνΣյĵطȫĵطǰŹԸ
ſڣҲμҡڵ˳ſڣˣϰȥ
ѹɤѧүԶſڵ⣬ⲻȥ򡣡˵Ŵӻͳһֽݸǣ滹ӡҵר˽¡͵ЦţҪԼǶĺܡ
󣬱·С
Ҿݵ˳תһֽǣʱӿ˽ŲһƫƧĵطϵֽѱõѰδãϵҲԸĻһ¡ЩãץһƵҩ裬Ҳȫȥۿ磬Ҵŷȥ

˵ĹոΪž
Ľֵϣ΢̤ԶԶһżеĻʵֱžͷĸ¶ԺѸƶһߣҲƵĲӣǴӵص׺Ȼ֡
ԽϣϢĽ¶ԺΧ˸ˮйͨ
¾ָӣ֪̫󲢲ԺУȺ׵ĺʱǵͻϮжܵʲôǰѾ̫ԹĶӰйᣬֻҪѳ˽µôѹͳˡѲðżҲǺġ
ֻǱϾǾصأ̫ھҲԼ֣ԿԵ࣬Ҳ֪¶Ժڻ˶֡
սȭͷʱգԼ鲻ϵֻǿܲҵҩΪǳҲɣҲóɣ
ֻΪӵķǱѰҲָһߡֻΪ⣬㻻װһıô꣬òײץİѱԭֻһϲ֮Ȩ֮ǣ浽ѹ֮£ǧѷ԰⵹ܴ
˵Ǻʹͷôõ飬û¾Ͳˡ
һƬžаӿɱ
ȻԺʮӰΧµĽԭЩ̫ʱĴҶҩ񡣽̫ڣ˹ԸӦԺڵɱڱܣ˳
һ£еӰϾЩ˶Щֻ֣˱沿׹䣬˶ǶЩˣȻϹż֦ǿسУ˱㿳
˺ܿҲ˲Ѱ֮Щƺη˼صˣҲһ˿ʹıҲûСҲ̫¾˵ĸ֣Թ۲첻ãͿ˶ߣŽ֮¿ûôˡüһᣬ̴ӣԸǿȥҩģƳҩۣȻϷ紦ɢ䣬ǡÿƮ¶Ժ
ͼȺ˽İɫҲȻһ˲Ĵͣͷ׷ҡˤڵء
֪ЩҲ˿ƣ·Ըǣײ¶Ժţǿг˽ȥСģԸղŵׯ԰ֹô򵥡
¶ԺڣѾһƬ֮УֻڽԺǾĵġ
ЩĴӴܵ͸ֱ⡣һſԺУȻһѷ˿߹עǿӲ˿ֱڲֻ塣
ּסֲνӭˡֻһƣ˸Ժ±ϾûбĿ´ϣϸ˿Ѫ졣
ȥ͵Ϯ̫֮ߵūƽ߹û뵽սӲڱ˻ʵۣ뽫ɱһ˰ˡ͵ϮʧܣֻüʶûʵۣװһŭݣǰµԭմˣūΪǷϮء֪մʲô˼˽˵أǶ̫Ĵ󲻾
ĳּ̫ͨѹ֮
ƽһȴΪŭ˭ҥ£Ӧľ壡
Ц߹ݼֻǽĳķ㣬ÿ˵űҪﴳ
ƽۼһ٣ղʵԼڸľ֧뵽ӵҲװˣ׹⽥Цˣ˭Ҳˣۼڴ˳߰ɣ˵Ѹˣתµһť
̬֮ʱѾٶһߣЮֻһӳȥ
δأ㴫һ죬һϮתͷȥԺһƬ𺣣ը˷ӦĽŸƽС
ֻŭūţҺңΪû֤ҾͲҶôߣ
粻Ȼ죬³һѪ
ֻϷסʦ֣ôˣ
°ֵղЩСˣ𺣵Ժһۣ¶Ժѻ٣ýҩֻд̫ˡ
ʱȻٵһŮһƥԶһ·ţմˣմˣүˣ
һתͷȥϵŮ
һԾ첽ǰˣүݳˡҶѾȥѰˣ֪ͨˡ
ʵ˶ã
Űʱˡ
ʱߵĻԶ·Ը˽µĵ·׼κͨСΧϲݾҲ˲ˡ
ֻֻϣһˡ˵Ҳ·תۼȥԶˡ
ֻЩĿԶȥıӰ׼ôã˵׾ˣ̯ӽ˸ҡʦ֣ĵλİΣˣ


                   46 
ȥ©һ㣬Ǿҩ衣ǲߣ߲˶ԶǣṦǰأʱ㹻ҵˡ
ɽţֻ̫·ұ㻺½ŲװһѰɽĴһţһСĵشܡ
ɽмžŲźҶɳɳ.пʼƮƬƬϸСѩ꣬ġ
ɾԽҲԽӽšãȴûһ˿׳ŵӴǰȥֻſ϶ֽдţ塣ǡ֪ߡ
ɽȻǰɽңɽ·Ҳʶá

²񱼣еĺҶͬʱˡɽ·᫣˱Ṧֱɽ
ſڵֽҲͣѡһݾ϶ȥ֮УֻͺҶṦã˶ѾԶԶ˺档ЩĿ˽ߵĺҶһۣû뵽߾Ȼ˸֡
ʱ·߿ݲݴкȻӰסˡ
»ͷ˺ҶһۣҶͷʾ޷±һ˦䣬𣬶һ˼ǰЩ˽ĺҶ
ɽʱǶëѩҲǳǳһ㣬һװع硣
һӰתվһ£վһˣĿ̫࣬Ѩͻһ֪ǲǵĽɫһˣ̱ԡֽƺסˣһ֪
»ܣûпˣʱûиϵ
ЦתˡȿˣЦݶʱϣоɫһȻ㣿أ
֪̫Ҫҵ˭Ҫ̫󡣡
Լ£֪ȴǰڳ̫ļӣߵҺ£
̫˵Թӹܣȥ̸
һԹӡ֣΢ɲһȻ㾲֮һأȴû뵽б˷ֵһ졣¼Ȼ¸¶ԺѾ¡һǱϺҰһ£͸Ѫ˿ƽûйҵУû֤ݣΣ뵽˴Զ
ձ뽫ĶΪҪôʵԼҲֻԴӼ֮ĵ˵սգֻԼӵУԲƽ˴Ҫδȴûã˭֪ľȻ¡
ǲˣƺһǰǧѷĻᣬóҲɶȥֻһȶӮֻ壬˻Լ֮
𣬱³һɱ
䣬һӰӹֱ¡Ǹӡ
ˣֻսǲƽڡ֮ܿˣΣһ֣ɱУȫ͹һ̲ͣ
ֱչ¶Ժ֪̫ԭö֣֮ǰԹۣҳҩֻھУԭҩǰãʱָ޷ٵȥѰƺЩçײˡ
ԿţЦ⽥ȻһʱҲ⣬ΪѩƮ䡣˭֪žһڶ𣺡̫𣿡
ȻתͷȴһƽԼ󷽣߼ŵģյʹõ̱ԵĶ̽ƣǡÿԿĽ棬ԼϸĲ
Ц̫תͷЩҵֲ̫ȣɾˡ
ͻȻЮ֣Ҳһ˿Ļңɵ㣬˭
ͼȡЩȻĨ¡
ɴ۾ŭ㣡
Ц̫֮룬Ҳ
ԭסһӣȴδϹɽţӺɽһϤΣȵˡ
Ҳʱ
ۿУЩ֧穡ҽϵĽѹѹ˵̫˻һЩл̸
ЦԭУ㾹Ȼвң
֪̫⣿
ʹζܰɣ쳾ƲףһҲֻҳԹء
ԭѾµ֣׿ڳϣҲûʲô̫ľȣ̫գԭô̫Ҫתƻ⣬סְɡ
˵ּ־Ҽǵƺž綾һ̫󣬲֪ǷüȥɽѰҩ
ҶԼϵĹƶǻ벻⣬վǰϧԼǴס֡
Ǹ຺ͣƸǣľżһ㣬λ̫ǺֶΡ
Ϊ˸߰λ磬ִϵֵ֮£мŭֲֳܱüͷһ壬
ʱŵÿմϢ̫ΪκȻͣˡ̧ȥЮ̫Լ΢΢ЦţмȾϲ
ֻһ˲ǾЦݾͱˣԵɴʹɫսҲʼ
ҵͷЩŵؿǰ͸һ㽣⣬һһ˻ȥоﻺųǵĺ⡣
ŵҲղס̽л䡣վЦţȴֻŴ죬һ
ѵתȥЩϤӳľȻı飬ڵѪĳ
ԣôˣ
ȵѪһεϣӢӻѩųһִ۵÷
֮䣬̱ԸоԼŵǹζϵζһΣǰľ･û뵽ԼһۿģֻǣΪʲôôĶͷȴǶĺ飬Ϊʲôôʪʪȵʲô̲ס̧ȥĨԼУһѪĳĸо˲ϮͷǿԼ̧ͷȴؿڵһƬ졭
һĳУ̱Է˷˦гкˮ׷ϣͷҲأȥգ۾Ͳˡ
һ˲䣬һҲһŮӵļԭǽȥ磬ɻֻе۴һʹģ֪Լòѻ١¼䣬һŮӲϧԼòԽŮԽˣοţһʧ֮ˣֽס˴һһȥȻһģƺǱµĶˣһӶ͵ɽϹȥ
ѩƮɢƻá
´վţѩĻһеķֱ˻£źѹһ֦˹ȥ֣ȴ۶Ǵ۵Ѫɫô죿ҪʲôΪʲô벻ˣ 
䣬ţקһ˵½ǣۣҲ޴Ŀңûƽյ侲ɫһʧ˵ĺӣЦԲ
ҵһѸٽұڻؿڼѨɽȥ
ԺؿͷеѪҺ˳ȥԽԽ䣬ԽԽҪ
Щ£Ǹ⣬Ҿס죬ѵصҡ˵¡һ˯ˡ
ЩʵͷԣҪ˯Ͼ͵ˡʲôҶ˵
ҡҲ֪
Ұǰ¶˵òã
š
˵ĺ΢ţҲ䣬µҲսһɾĵѵҪԼĵò׾Լƺˣһ˲ͺȻʧˡ
Ǹˣôһ֮Ҷһ𣿻ǣұĳͷ
㲻Ҫߣ㡭

лҪ˵ŰŰľϰˣ 
                   47 
ӡ
۾ԼѾվˡһƬڰȴԿµС֪ͷ
ϤԶþòλֳǰʵ˵뿴ľ
ƺҲʮֳԾһһԲţۣͬʱôϿû㰡
һϲЩˣĵ˵ɣô죿Ҫսģ뷨Ӱͻȥ
˶һۣһͷͬʱݺݵһѣͻȥɣ
ǰɣô򵥣ǸңԼͺˣʲôҪƵģ

˺ܾãõʱšѾ¿ɲ̫ο֡
ӽһ¯һŻһҪȴζ۾Ȩƺҵƿ֮Уһָԡ
ҵôˣȻӿһͲһֻ΢ַҵĶͷҵüţģڶ˵ʲôϤ˺ܰģֳ˯֮С
ͣѭЩѵʱֻеܣʱ䣬һֱ˯šʱǸִЩ˵ڶ𣬸ƽҲ
ٴδӳ˯һθоǰζࡣɢ˼Ƶģذ뿿һ˵Ļ
ҵĶͷ˿ȶˡҶҩҡһᣬһ˫Ĵҵģ˿أһŨҩ֭˹
࣬΢һͷǺˡȣȴȵҲûСæ뿪ҵ촽泯ſţСĵҵıŵţˣҹ̫ˡоŨŨǸ⡣
һҡҡͷ򵥵һѾľһ
ͷ˲ʱЩСݣ㣬ˣ
кҶϲĽӣ
˷Сĵңܿǰغ󱳵˿ڡ
ɬ˫ۣ뽹ࡣӳһ˷Ŀʱϸҿ
ˣˡңʧõϲɫ
Ҳϸ԰׵ɫвѪ˿°ϵҲûֻǺҹ˼¡ôһýˣټˡ۹£ͣߣ縴µķ˿ԭںڵķ䣬Ŵ۵İɫ
ؿںȻµûţϤʹϮͷ˫ۣҧأ廹̲ס
һֻҵĺģůȫѪ̵ʹȻûм٣ȴҾЩ
ۿʱðϸܵĺ飬ɫҲȸղŲˡںĵֲ̧֣ĶͷĵǸ⣬ȴ֪οڡ
ҶӯӯһˣҶȥ֪λ˵Źɵ˳ȥϡ
оʣǶˡղڣҲɵָָֻϵĲ롣
Ѱ棬б棬˵òǰͱ˿ڲŽ裬ҪҶ
Ȼ˱ˮߣһھͺȥҲ̣ôţϰԵĴֱԲ۾ŷӦȻͺա
Ǹɵϡ
Сĵǰס촽ϸϸ˱ţֱˮɣеԼѾ͸ˮңֻǴһ˲һͽ״̬ҵҿͷϵ˿ڡ
ӵһѵõʱ⡣еҵĺЩ٣ķſҡ
ãʾҲϴ
һͷʼʣ˯˶ãôˣ
졣е˹ȶѡ
֪˵ɣжǲģҲ֪Ժʲôá
⼸նûϹô
˵ͷӵ뻳УҲ˯
Ҳã˽Գ
С񣬿ǲܡ
ΪҵѰҽڡ
ҲýڸУ̾ţû˿ס㡣һ֮ȴʧȥ㡣ҴһȥͲᡭ
յһθУԼѪܵеѾʲôĵʹ֪֮࣬ˣֻ̫ءǣ֣Żһߣúܶ࣬ȴϲķһ˿΢ԭԼĵ棬ͻ
ֻһϣҲһҪȻɹʲôֻǣȻˣǺ쳾ȴ
Ǹεץϸƣ԰׵Ƥ£ֳɫѪܡ壬Ҫܶʹ࣬⿪ǹƶ
ôˣҿȻ˼þҲ˵ʵ
ƺǻЩʧѿڵ쳾
ԭΪҵĹƶôҽᰴ£Ѳк󸣡յ룬¾Ҫһδ˥ˡ˯ɡ
ҪЪš˵Ҫҡ
֪Լ˿λ⣬ǲµġ⼸նȻңҵ԰ţ˿Ҳϡֻǣǿˡ
ҡҡͷЦ˯ôã㻹Ҫ˯𣿷İɣֻбţ˵ġ
⼸ȷʵˣȼǸһɣûþ˳˯֮С
˯ʱ䣬˲١ԲˡֻǣңĲڣô죿ɽߵǸˣǵѹʱҵгľҲ֪ˣһŵò塣
뵽ҲΪʹƶʱ̫ʦҲʦҲ
΢΢ĿЦţ쳾쳾̫˼

ֹ˼գҵ˿ںõĶˣѾţÿնšֻΪʧѪ࣬廹ȽȻҲ֪ϵĹƶ˵Сһ䲻ֻᶾʵĳΪˣһ鲣
δϢſڵĻԶǰĺܰ
Ұ뿿ڴͷѾ˺ü顣ȼű¯ʵľ̿ɢŵ㣬Ѭ˯֮⣬ֻһѾͷſϣ˯㡣
Ӵͷȡһ·ϣƿӣЬࡣŴСĵվѾõĲˣҲûͷεĸо
ŵߵűߣһߣһ߲ʱһ۴תһǶȣſѾͷǱһϸϸ˿ʱ˯ˣǴ׶ˡ
һ򿪷ţ۵İ׹˽һ󺮷硣֪ѩʲôʱͣģѾ˺һ㡣̲ס˫ۣ˸䣬ϵ·˽һſȥֽŽϡ
ڼžͥԺŲźѩ֨֨ġĺθҲҳůжյӣ˲١
ԱߵһƬСУһСᣬҿڵ㻹𣿡
мżţû
Ҳǣһ֮ˣĻǶҵĺá
˵䣬ͷ֦һ£һƬѩ
̾˿תҪߣȻһѩһһ˻С
Ըҡ̧ͷ㲵ݣȴһתͷȥҷãٿؽ˻ȥ
Ȼǲ֮ˣԸ
æڵ˻ƣ˵һֽ֣˻ȥ
Ҳ֪⼸ôģɫף˵ˣҪáô죬ֻһ£˺ܶطֻ¶ƤϣѾܲǳǳ˺ۡ
Ǿ͸ǰû˸ֻÿЦԸ⣬ҾͲǿˡ˵סؿڣҲҡҡ׹
㡭˽ŵĳ˳Ʊ㵹ұ𣬼ط
ű͵˿ϵĴһһˤϡұţһҪС
ҺȻ˳סС죬𾪣û¡ȥҶˮëһѣװҲֵ
˶һǴѹүˡȻȥˡ
ŵһɵѪͷԼ·ϣҲȾʺ졣ҿǰ˺˵Сʧ롣
һֱƵǽǴͷҿңֻǽڣɪɪһǰֻؿڵλúҰżѾȾ˺ɫʱ˿ƺֱˣѪ˳Ųϰߴ£ԴһҲ
Ÿؿڣʵôˣʲô
˺ˣҪֻۡǡˣǲǱˡ
ͣĥԼôϵ˿ڣôˣ
ĿһʹǺ쳾ҪˡæƿۣһϣתڹѰһѵҩҷоͺһСҩһ㣬ʲôҩЩ
ǡôҲˮҽӹˮ裬ִ򷢴ȥ׼Щࡣ
̱ڴͷĨӰſڣŮϸķԸšϻܸеůů£Ƕ˻ǵ
ԼȻᡭ
̲סֽȭͷָǶģĴʹֻǣεʹֲͷĻ⣬ͶԼ
ɱкĿôһ£̱԰̱ԣǸ޳֮ˣΪʲôѵһ̾˶أ
תճյĿңȴγѪæǰֵ飬ûУ
Ȼͣ˶ҵĻȴû˿ӦȲҡͷҲͷ
Ǽõѵ¶˺ۡ⿪ǲһ鲼һĿӾ¶ѪⷭҲ̶á
ǿʹմʪ˵ëšȵëһմһ飬ѹҪеë
Ҳֵɡ
ֻû£վв쳾ʹ࣬һëл䣬Ҳǰ档
һѽסң޴ĵңҵĴ
̧ס죬ϢŵɵϣҪκ飬Լϡ
§סңһֲţҿҵ¡ΪõĶϺõҩģҽԣ˿Ѻˣֻһۺɫİ̺ۡȥҪ͵˻̴Ŀ־塣
Ѿûˡ
һжжۡǸ
ȥˣͺá
ҡ𣿡
˵ҵġ
ǣԶ㣬ҡֻһˡ
԰Ļȴͷûɵһҿ»˶ˣǺαء
ʱȻŵүүˣ
ƿţһ·Щʲôˣ
ǣǻϣˣ
ʲô

лҪ˵Ƚæдˣλٶ
ĳݰݣٰݣٰݡ 
                   48 
ҴҸʹԱ⣬δּ⣬빬ˣ׷ó·
ʾƣУͣ㣬ֱ޹λԪϼĴţϰҲڡ
ס˼ˣ
ݣȴ
ʱűƿһ˳ɫŵҲŷֱ̫죬ȶЩվȣ˳߰״˵ļͷ
Ҳڣһ̶첽˰״˵λãҵôˣ˭ţŸպЩôˡ
û£ˣ˵ɡ
߼λҲĽǰСմˡ
ü̫൳ɣƺ鷿һС̫Ȼѣذд̻ϣ̫ѾԾҲ֪ţǵ˵ɡ
ʵںδϲأ
ҷһߣ˵Ȼ˿λЩΣգȴͬնֻҪĽЩʱգҲͺˡϾǿϰ䣬˲д󰭡
ô˵ڳ˶ɵ˿
һҪڣ̧˳ұ紵ҵͷֵǹ˺ԼϢңɫôȥƫһɡ
ҪܳһСʩүˣء
ҪҽȥСֵմˣ˵ˣֻүһˣԴ
ƫƫͷƺЩáģ뷿Сķ̱СĵĹˡ
һŨصҩζϣ徲šֻ˼¶ŵİɫ͸һ˿Ѫ
ǰҪʩ񣬴ϴЩ񣬿
˳ָķŴһɫЩ԰ףήЩʵоˣ۲ۣ
΢ҡҡͷлֹġû뵽Ǽ˾Ȼڹлһ֡
ĵ˵Ĺֻˡ
̾˿⼸ջֲڳУܶ¶֪ɡ
ţ
Թ֪ιʣȻٽұ߾սѾһʱաڵУյһ⼱оԱ߾ĸ鱨ƺָƣױܿұֱ֮ڡܾ֮࣬һʱ飬С̫˿ɳ֮Ǽй¶˻ܣǿɺޣ
뵽Ӧ֮
ԹǶӳɣǲй֮ˣȻǵ˱߽Ĳͼ֮ϣɵ˷ǿɶ񣡡
Խ˵ԽǼȻҪæס˫磬С˿ڡ
ɫְԭ񡭡
εȴ£򲻿çײ⳯оûһɵеùѡ𣿡
˵սǸĽɫԭʦҲǸʵѡֻˣҪ֡ұ۳Уһ˻֮棬ֻǴ̫һЩϵҲġңԷлӵݣǻδսϾһ
뵽֮ǰ²⵽һܡ
пѾ˾ϣ
Сһۣһֹӡ
һϿҪȿɹʿҲܾͽλ
ֻ˵ͷش
Ȼˡһߣ֪ʱſɻҲҲزˡ
Ҵͷֵ֪ʦһԸȥԲšֻǴ¹֣ҡ
ס˵ˣѾĲˣȻȥҪģǺúñԼӣһ޾
һۣµĵһ£֪ܷӦ
˵ɡ
ֲҪյ̸ʦ֣ⷿǽƵģʦΪҲġ
˵ͷһ֮ЩԼʦ֡
˼䣬Ѿֳƣ̬ұ˳ţʵǶ˵Щʲô
ֵ֮ɣҲҪ͵ɣ
װõصԭˡ
Ц𣿡
ЩεƲƲ죬ƵĽұϹЦ𣿡

պһӵݵϵֻУȴûǽӷŵһߡڶ죬ֵͬû֪дʲôֱ죬¼ͬӶһһݷ˿
ֻ徲۲ɫſ˸ͷüͷͽٿһᣬƲסϵһģȻ뵽ǻʵ۵޹ڣתֻ˸
ʣµһѹģҲĴǷ£Уǰˣֱֱȥ
ֻȡһͬӣֻḧ˿ı棬ӣ֪Щʲô

±ǻԹ浽ǰֲ֪Ǻá룬ƿţ˽ȥ
ֻһԭΪ˦Žġ
̧ͷȥߣϷűӣȦȦ㣬дʲô
ǸеӣҲͲס첽ߵǰе˳ϵӣ
ϵӣ̧ۿϵĲʲô׵𣿡
뷨
ƥ𣬺οҡ
δرӦ
Ҿÿն룬ֱӦΪֹ
Ϊ˼֣
Ϊʵѡ
һʱ˳֮УҲ֪˵ûΰ̣ȷʵҪһзӵʿ
һڣεգ벻ҾԼǸ֮ˡ
˵ʲôʲô֮ˣ
ܵı֮£ȴδʲô飬ѵã
飬˶ΪҪԷƱڳУҲԳıߣա
ѾҲȰˡУ㲻ɸս⳯лкܶȥ
㡭ң𱸵ĻȴôҲ˿ڡ
ǰסĶߣĵԲ𣬾һأһء
ȻһѳҵĻԣҲӦ˵Ŵ߳ȥ
ѾȥԶˣҲŸ־סؿڣſ򻺻¡ߺȻһƣ𣬷ŵϣϸĵĽźϺãҸϱ
Ҫս𣿡̱ͷʡ
ţҲֹ𣿡
Ȱ㣬Ҹܡ˶٣ֵֻҪҶ㡣
ָָϵĲӣҵùɡ
ȡʵʲô
һЩţҲڣҪִС
βǸʵۣ
˵ࡣ
ֻ𣿡
ǹѾϰˡϰæµԼҵ

죬ʥּˣԤõһҳ˴˴γļ
ȻǶԸ⣬ʱ̣Ҳٶ˵ʲôϾڵ壬ػ
ɫ˶֮ͨոϤСԺֻһССʯ϶Ķ˺ü̳Ѿ˲١
ûֹּԲԣ
Ϊ֪Լֹ㡣˳ʵļͣһ飬ٸġ
ǰȥ˵Ǹʮִˡ˵Լȡһձ֮һں¡
һ׽סҵֵӲãǲҪˡ
ҳ֣һĺãһҪ׳ġ
ĿһһĹţ̲סľƱٺˡ
˶ӵ뻳УҪȥЩڶ𣺡ΪʲôҪߣΪʲôҪߡ
еԽԽ̣סʣصҽȥ𣿡
ԽұУҷڴͷȴ֡ţֻǺȴϸеҵ˿ҵô£㡭
ֹ̧Ϣŵֻһ㴺ҩԼ
ΪʲôҪô

Ȼסˣ˫ƯķĿ͸ЩĪ㺡ֻһ˲䣬ͻָյӣĬĬĵһЩߵߣҪιҳԡ
Цſǰҩ룬ôҽݡССļվʧ˰
͵͵ĵĲҪ𣿻ԺҲлˡû˵꣬ͱ˷ס졣
һ΢ҩ֭˽һ˿Ƶζ֮೤ֱ룬һǰľ⣬ҵľһԺ󣬶˲ŲشϢŷֿ
еڼѹԼ˵΢΢ķСݣûܾܾ㣬֪жҪ㣬Ĳ㡭
ȥʼ⿪ǰָֻӴƤһ˿ţȴǺԥļȥ
һץסֵ֣ŵڵ𣬲Ҫٿҵ
ȫû΢ĵֿᲦ֣̽룬סȻ̵ķ
ͷ̴һҵĳ˫Ȼ˰סѹڴϣǰߵĿϣǰĽ벻ᣬгңѹƵ
ҵҵĶͷ£ֱǴһҧһɵ˲䴫ȫ̲ס˫ľ
޳ָߣ֮һԭƲס˫̧ۣͷؿڡǣ֪ôô
ϧؿңʱ̻ǿһ侲ֻɳƵԣԵһ¡Ȼ֪Աʲô
֪ʱϵ·ѾɢܡеЩ΢⣬Щһֻ̽ҵ¸ָմ࣬ѨڴĴת
һȻһͣϵĶЩɵĵǻǡ˵꣬͵̧ͷסؿڵһָѾѨڡ
ʹ
亹Զͷ߳Щ޴Ŀңֻ룬ǿֵץסֱֵۣĵһۡʱ㻹ͣ
̧ĨȥҶϵĺ飬вʣʱͣ֡
šǵֲסȵĿ⣬ŤͷȥֻеǴһָȻǵҧס֮Ҷ̲סץţһǳǳӡۡ
ָѨ仺鶯ִŵԡ𣿡
֪Ͷʱҵ˵ͷ˶֪ҲͣˣҲȫֹͣ
ĸҵ壬ֻһʹȵķһֱͦʹ࣬ȴǻ䡣һëļϻòŲ
ԼзߺǱ͸ˮһҪ֡һסҵ̧ţ˸ܵĽһ
ſ壬Ը׵Ľ롣һһεĳ˶ﵽֵ۷塣Ӳ֪ϻĸоϲӿͷ
ȫȫİԼˣʱȥҲڡ
ʪ˳ջ䣬ͷԼؿڣԼʱΪʲôҪɨ˵¡۵ĸма׵İ߲˿ĬĬ߶ţõģһõġ

лҪ˵Сռ˰ɣ˼Ҳ
ǲǻûô
Сͬ־Ҷ֪զˣ֪ͲҪ趨ӲϹ
ƶĻ壬ʵҲûôôͳɿϷ
ȻѾϷչƣĳֻ֤HE 
                   49 
Ժ䣬ȻȵˮһֻۣһƬˮʣ˶ڰ˸ߵԡСֻ˾˯ɣڡһֱۿͷ
СŻ˵ӣƣ۵ӣӿֹסİûڡʥԾƺԣȻ٣Լô;ԣӦҪ
ĳ컹ûдȥӨ͸ķɫ͸˵ķۺ졣ֻһۣԼǴ˷ӦڴϺݺһѣʹĸоеɢЩ
ͷѾ˯ȥĿ˶ŵŵܰ㣬ڵƣʹӲƷݵ̲֫סһԼŲܱİˣҪĿȥΣյĵطȴҪǿջЦԼԼȫȫĽ˳ˣֹܹ֣ͣİĽ֮飿
ʵң벻Ҳҡ

յĳﵽ˿ľءΪǴγӣҿһһˡүķɣͨŵĽֵѱغİն˸ˮйͨ
ԶԶĲƮҡһӹٱӹٱʿ磬Ŀ࣬µ񿥷Ƿǵļ⣬ɫսۣΨл˲ſеĴֻһ˵۹⡣
ѵһľۣȻǵĿֻͣһ˲̱֮һ˹ȥҲ벻
ͷ˿ڣһɫۣ֯ĵ÷ɫԽ𪡣أϵһһͷ˶İ׻͸һɲַζ֮Ҳĳּɱ֮֮˿µȻǧԣȴηǰ׻ƣԶԶһξ롣ҲʹԵøΪͻ
覵һʥĹΡˮ˫ͫӣͷ·Ҫһ㡣
·İֱ߹ֻܿһӰʱŻЩܹȼõУЩ㾶ֱʯ·ϡĩʱڣϻǱǡֻǣҲ֪αԼĵǷݸм
У̲ס̾Ͱ

Ҳıϣǿ沿ƽе۰û뵽һϣԼЩֲסˡıֿߵҲȡ
ͷȻ̧ͷǽɫĹŶȥ˾ǡһȺǣ˺˼䣬żʱѵǵ𣬾Ҫ̡
סϰ״ˣҪ˵ȻһתͷȥһƵһȺ³һ۾ϳǻĳݣæӭȥ
ûߵǰѾƿӣӳ˳
һѳסЩ΢ŭĵϣϵ˿ڻδ͸ִĶ֮ǰѾ˵ãе𣿡
ЦֽѵǣԺһע⡣ֻ뵽һҪЩʱղԡ
ҵЩ΢΢ʧƬ̺ʵ֣˰ţ㲻𣿡
Ȼڹ£㡣
ǣԺҡҲҰɣмһ˵ļΪ΢΢üʲô
Ʋͷ͵͵ĵûһ·Сģúñ塣
лϹġ
ҴȡһУԭð״ת㣬ûϵˡЩúţԺõϡ
һ֮½ӹʱˣתıĻͷ˳ǰȥ
ۼԽԽԶſҲԽԽСˡ̧ͷϷﻹһɫӰɵӣ˵˲ҪҪͰĵеӰģתͷȥеʱ粻
֮ͷӭ˵Ŀ⣬߽㣬̱Ȼ˲˳ŵҲỤȫ

ֻسڣչеֻһۣͶ˵оɵһƬΪθԼĸоȴ˻һ㷢̡
ȥһȴһװµСӡһҳжԾϣȻһΪȡΪһȥҲ޷ΪϷǣʴ˽ｻƴ֮ˡߵ
󷭣ⲻ۵ʮҳֽѽչǰԭССһϣеһԼúó֮ԼĽṹϵʽȡȥصһ˿ܿԡ
ḧ滹˶еĵܰ㡣ֻ΢˫ĿЦС֮ģ֮վǱȲ㡭
ôһ˲̵ֻתͷԶе׷תһ룬ѾȷûͷԼһĿĻԴɣžջǵðңԼҲ˽ģҲŲĵˣһԣвʡ
½ƻйһ飬ִ̧ӳǰĹȡֽʣд˷ţȡһߵĸžСűߵСͲڡһǸӱųתʧڱС

ھǵĳУʵֻǸٴҲݲʮ˵ľУͷһ죬û׼ӻûгǡ
Ĵפ뾩ʮԶĵط˴γĴ˧ʱ׵үĵһ͵ľ˴磬Ϊȴϸ
֪˵еүǸʲôģ˶УҲ⡣ֻ˸Ϊȣ˲ܱѡУ˫ϼôá뵱Ͷ̫Ҳϴ鱨λֽиҪ˵Լһ˫ۣǼһԱ֪
вԽʱϽĻ䣬ҪˡҲλû˼ǱϾڴλҿǵҪȱ˶Щֻһ㣬һҪסܷʲô£㶼ֻ͵͵رǣһëҶ㣬мǣмǣ
ϵʱһӣ治˵ЦҪԼ˵λүλסѾ˾ǣһն񲻷㣻޴⣬Ǿ͸ػ˼Ҫ͵͵ء֪Ϻ«ʲôҩȻѲ⡣
һȶһֻ׸ͣԵһϣʺĽצϺȻһ۵ɫд
СĵĴȡźչһ飬һ漴ֽŵһߵĻϣֻһ˲ͳһСҽ
ԭ̽үģôת⣬ֻҪִкһͺˣ˵ʲôֳ¾ҺÿĻôҲεļĸ֮һһҲ˼ҵ顣ѾԼȻˣҪִкһ񣿰հհգ˭ҸôŤӡ
˼ʱԶһֻƮҡүǵˡ

ıϣӦѾ⼸Ķˡ⼯ǻۺ;֯ܲҵжϾֻˣôЩƢԴֻ˽ʵ飬ȻҲԺǺദ
ȻԼƺڱˣźһ㣬̲סԳЦţͷ涼ң£˵ɡ
ߴҶӣǵˡ
ţ̧ȥһƬߵľӪԯſڣվʮ˶ӰԶľӭΪһˣӦþǻ˵ģ̫ϵĺˡ
ֻòɫз죬ǳľ£Щ˪ĸо˵ʮüˣȴδɻ飬˵ǲԸܼۣҪңˡòȡ˰ɣʵڿ˵Ļ
ңͳ˿һţʹûϢ
һߵıԼ˫ԲֻضҿҲȥصĺһ
ȴǸ˻ӣһλԱᳶһ䣬ûӦٳûӦһֻһվȺϱЩƽүƷҲȻ
һЩԱʱɫЩֵ̿ĿҡŹĴˣҲǲȻǸˡˣΪ̫
˶Щ㷲һˣ֮ʣҿ֮ˡֻϣһд˵ķǡ
棿ϲ̵ӭҪȴһԵıȡ
ûзŭͻұ˵ЦŲӪС
ڵڶλ͵۴ǰ֮ˡӸղŵķӦؿ㡢⣬ǱĻҡ;Ȥˡ׿ЩţȻƽľˣĿĿ
Ӫе䳡Ѿ˸̨̨¼ľȻȸֻ÷紵죬졣˶һ̨ȥѹѹͷеĸоʵݡ
䣬תͶôӭӣܳˡлͲˣ֣մΣ֮Уֵܿͬ飬߾ϳһжϣĳڴˣлˡ
˵˫ֱǫ̃̄һҾֻһ죬̨¹ٱɲǼһƬ׷׵үָһɱһżݣ˵ͷЩĴжβ⡣
һתͷӭǵҵĿ⡣
ôˣ
һǵһο⸱ӡ
ţ
̱Բֻǿǰˡ壬ʱȴһִ·ֻܵõǿģ˾ãκ¶ǿ԰쵽ġĸоǻԼľ棬ԼԽԽ

̣ʥּӪʲȥҲűԡҶ˻Ӫʡ
˴ϣֻĳȣҲ˯šӪԼһϸϸĿ֮һûһߵıѾ˸ƣҶ˵ơһᣬԴһ
ʮͣæڵأҲҳԹžӨ飬ʮֿ
ҷŻԵ˭Ϊʲôޣ
ͷСүСǽҹʿСĲҪүЪϢģүˡ
Ҳ㣬㻹ûشҵ⣬۸𣿡
ûûСֻҺȻ뵽סҼߣˣԵرҴң¡ҭҭ˵꣬Ҳ˽
ǳ֣ԭûдлУей֣ôСĺӶս
ļͷʾοתͷȥ뺫ˡӪʾڲԶþ͵ˡ
£ھ͵ˣϸȨ֮Ȩһ
ҵ俴һۣδĵү£ܷԸ
ôЩȻһƣҵγļԱ֮ʱƺڲˡĺӡָָһߵ꣬ҲҪϳ󾫣ڶ٣ҵ˼ǡԱ
Ŷ֪үҪβü
룬̽ŵǸͬھУȥһˣֵͬھУȥһˣжӵģδʮʮģȥ㿴Σ
ĿҵƣͣҵϣЩĿҵү
ЦҡҡͷֻǰǰһЩ˵˳ѣֻȴɶԡ
͵һĴȣӢͬҲд⣬үıһϸЩԭȾǳǰԹԲôһү֮ҾͿԹļԱˡ
þ֮Һͺд֮󣬾Ϳʼ׼ˡδ䣬׼͵ˡ
ӷ׵Ĵһȥʮ֮ģµȻֻʮңȴǾ֮ʦʿҲΪǡ

                   50 
޳ָӹϵۣһݰź˿ļԴÿն౨սҲսš
չۣϸϸƯü
ֻһ߹ȡеӣôѵս죿ȻͷϸģǴݰһʦΪü
ȥݣҡͷûУǿ˰ɡ
ֻͷȥŴ֦ͷ·ѿٰͣΣȻڵĻ𣿡
һ̧ۿͼҲתͷ˵ҹȻµĲ
̾˿µͨƪǾ飬ȴûһᵽԼ֪죬ٳٲ˵񡭡
ֻӵⲻ֪ôȴ˸Ϊġʦ֣𣿡
µͷ˵Υ֮Ҳ۾ ĵе롣
ֻǣһĨЦȻԼԤ֮еĴ𰸡
δϵһʦҲᶯ飬Ҳл겻һ졣ԭʦֲʯһ֪ˣԼ͸һЩ
лźܺгĵ˵־޲֮⣬һʲôͶԵĻᵽλֳǱĸĺܶԸ£Ҳһסսڼ仹֯־Ԯȴ֮ЧþʿЧһġ
Ȼҽģʦ䡣ֻǣվԵ޷֡ûȫ£ֻѡһ֣㲻ʧʦ־ûлתһ죬۹ֻͣһİȫҰɡ
ת߳鷿

ɽͷҹ󣬿мŵζһ°ңԶƽԭϣɢưܵĲеУͻδȡĲ֫ʬذɵİɫѪĵ⡣
ԶЩԹľӪӪеĻڷкҹʿֻһСڵ㡣
ٹգҵĶ׼ãֲ֪Ҫж˳ΪˡδһҲΪ֡ɱˣһ뵽㣬̲סһս
зӵͷ˳ȥСİںýűߵļߣӵϼһ֦¹⣬Žµɳأдһ㹫ʽ
ϺȻһ磬Űĺ絲֮⡣
ôˣ㻹˯ô
˯ɣһ
ֻҪһۣоͻḡֳһĻĻĶǵĳ棬һžݡֻһֱۣܵõƬ̵
⼸˼ԽԽʱ
ˣһá
Ͽһۣĵֻ˵зƵУдʲôΪʲôȥдء
ԱһŲһˬүôƵġ
ĳ˼üŪ۵ȻأȴǱ˶ˣһЦˣ⻰ɾˡ
ٺ١Ц漴Ҳãүǻȥĺã纮¶صġ 
棬ͷҲһЩһ˵ţȴӽ˶һҪһЩݣɲǹƾͳɵġֻϣЩһС
ҶЩҩϽذɣҲ֪Ƣ
ţٵһͺá
ҲߣҲֻǣȻҲ۰Ͱ͵ңһӡȴ֪˴ʱдţҵүҵڣЪŰɣ£ҵСˡ
˿ȷһ󣬶е֦ҪתȻסˣЦŶе񣬵Ҫ鷳㣬Һ񡭡߲ˡ꣬Ѿؿڡ
һǰһѱңѾ˴֮ڡҲ
ӹҶϵҩ룬ԹԵȥôҾͱ߳ʡ⻹Щ̵ҩ֭һůӿ֫ٺɫЩеҲ˿
һСֵӣҲüֲˡһģ̲סڵЦű
ºҶ͸úúðϧԼ塣
ԽԽƵ
ʣһԼݲԣɫҲôÿ
Ц̾ԼȻûĬ츳ǲҪˡ򺫽ˣ𣿡
ͷŵĵүԸ£Ӫеֵĸʿ䣬ƴŸţ˵ǰμô׵ĺܡ
βݡҺεĽʣİ˶ӲݸңҿǸġ
µԶҲһߵĺҶֶѾ𣿡
һ̸£㽫ղŵˣĵǣǵϸѾϢɢȥˣԹľӪҲɵѾš
££ϵ̺ӣЩص֪ôģװܺ𣿷Ѿ˼¶ӣΪɢԼҥԡ
ͽսƻɹĿҲԼۡװŪӣĺܻЦ
ͷȥСͺˡ
סݵ֣ǰҾֻὫôһӢСߡ
һĨѸֻ͵͵ĵһֻ
ԣ

µһ졣Թӳɵɫȴ̫ÿһ·ıʿǶԶԶĶ˿
ԭԼǶѹʾԼĲͼһʼʱȷʵ֮˭֪ú֧Ȼֻмһ룬˺ηǸ֮˿ƴʵϸлиָ㣬һӾסԼĲ
ʱڴݲãйڲһ·࿿ӲǽڴˣʣˣԷԴԴĺԮϵԽãƶԼԽ

ʱһϹԵõĻЦҲվ˴Ӫſڡ
Զ׼ʱһƬӰҲֻ߽ǳɤţԻӿǰõļҲȷʵǱƼˣȻݣʹֶΣҪǰսš
ƺΪܵЩţ䲻Խ
ۿԼŬ˰죬˼ҵĸʺʮ߰˱飬˼ȴţҲˣεĽȥ
ʱһУһ׼ѾõʿȻȺ˾ͳ˹ȥֱ绢ȺǱߣྡ׽˹
ⱻϰˣ뵽үķԸƲƲ죬ʵصϹأ
ҪۼүЩ类Լɱˡ⿴үһЩӻá
һһ֣һ㣬Լ⻨֣ҲҪмܲסˡ
ȫֳַʱпɳ֮ʹ˲ʤš
ÿҹɳСԱͻϮʹ֮ণľԱԷɣ㳲ʱһϵľ;ƣˡ
ҽһٶ˥ߡʱǰҲͬЧ
񼱹ð̬ȣǷ˴ɡȴռơ
ȻЩʵĴûȴ˵˵ϡλүȻСӣѹֵɡֻȻΪλ
תͷӪһɫʣüͷ΢΢

ŭݣԶصļӱߵױɱ
䣬ʮ֦ѸǣҰʱֶ˼ꡣûõĶҶ
Ҳ￴һۣתӪСԴǰѾȥʮˡ˭֪Էǰ֮أңĺܡһҷиֻ䲻⣬ԼֲߣˣЩĵļб¾һ£
бһа޴йƼԶһͷӶءʱһ첽ǰˣֵ֮ʱְأ
һ϶һƬغ«׷׽е
Ǿһ˵ʲô
һ˽Ͱ͵ĵдԣꡭүޡޱȣʹ˵֮ͻ
һԴЩĸ͵˵ЩʿǡǱʩ˷Żᡭ
һᵽʿ뵽սϵ磬д붼еëֱ˵ʿҲԸᡣ
˭֪һǰѳɳˣһӣ⼸˶նˣȥ˭Իڣն⣡˵ҲܵϵΰŭС
ֻҥֹǼͷͿֹסء

ҹǹްɫҲˣɻ˷ΪԷʱܳϮȻòʱӪѾһƣ۲Ϣ
ʱһХҹգǴڸڴֻһ˵ײײĴﲻͣţ
ŭδѾǰȥֺݺһӣһŴͷ­µµҲȻֹһӻָ˼ˣȴΪǰľ֣˫ۻǿɲԲš
Ҫӡ֤˵һ㣬žĻУڵҹȻһƬǵĻµǣЩȻǻɫġ
΢죬ſеĲԽԽ
ԹıʿǾֵĿЩƯġ𡱣ôڶˣйλүĴͻȻޱ
սʤǣ֪˭ȺһӪʼɧʿ౼ߣȴûһ̶ķ򣬾һȺͷӬһ㡣
һңʹɴлָʲôɫĻ磬ɲšӽն˼ʿһЩԵĽۼһֹͬµıⷨЩЧһ˵СʮͬĺһƬоԵࡣ
Ⱦֻصƿصʱ򣬵Ѿ˲ʬ塣һЩΪɱӺһЩǽס־ɱһЩڸղŵɧбͬ鼷ѹ̤ġҧŵϣнʲôү顣
ʱЩƯġҲѾӪصϷԭһЩֽĴ¶˿ţԴ濴ɫĻڷж
һڣԼŲаȵ˭֪Ӧ
˼飬ۺݺݵߵļ߼죬ǲЩĲ鲻ԸأСؾ𳤹Եз˼ȴһС
ҲȥһѶһŹ£ˢһһ׼ͷѣǡǡһֻԴǵŤŤĵ
ޣ˼ֻŰ֣ˣûУҵӣЩŪ˵Ķ
ۼ£ɾ֮ȥмҲ˼ֻԽԽ˼Ķ飬һᣬͽеĵ˸⡣
ԹʿǻԶĺѾ˵ϤͻϮշɵֱƺȫ
һϵѪҺƺڵȵһ
̴£ǹӪŴ󿪣͵ŵȻɵһ˿ĪľڵѪ˱㣬еİǹסһ׹µĳ֮С
ߵ˷׷Լһ㣬һӱգվŶ⡣һЩʿսϼ䣬ֻ૵ţ
ɲŲʲôΪʲôԼµƥȴû£һǹ̻ߣǵʲôֽţڲ֪ԼȦס
ۿо̱Ŀֻһᣬ;ָ߰˳ɡֻЩҩ˿ӰҲûС̲סüͷȻо˧⣬ѾЧΪβøһЩĶҩһ˰ˣ
ֻǣҲµʱ򡣾Ѿ֣ɼţⲻͨҩȥȡЩˮԿɽûУ
Ȼ仰ƺ˷Чˡ֣ĶûнǵĶС 
ǰѾӿ˳һߺţеͶ߲ɱһ˶־Ϊ£ǰĵоӪУֱԼܽλϣԼױ̱ӣһʱɱ졣
ȻɱֱۣɵбԴԴȻûһϧԼۼѳɡһ˿벻ӿͷȻô䷨ԼҲĿ
ʱбȻɱһͷԼĸ١ԭӱʿӪû̫ܵĲңΪսȻǿࡣǸһס֣£ɽڣûա˵ز˾ǻǿ쳷ɣ
Ȼвʣȴװأ쳤Хһ˫Ѫ۾սһۣ͵һ֣תͷдѵȥ

лҪ˵ƴҪܵˣżҪ滳Сԩ
̵飬дòãǾשɣżѾ˫Ϲǣٺ 
                   51 
Զеɫһһ׹䣬ŵҲɹȻԸЩʾƵҡƮҲҺˣҵļƲ߲ЧзʿһЩţǲڵƶеҩͰ׷ˣⳡսҲࡣ
ΣҲֻǵķ⽨š򵥵Ŀƣͭ۵ĵоɫӦ󸽼һ㰲ҩ֮ǰҥศʹﵽЧÿҹ˯ʱǿȥľҩֻķЩ
תͷʺҶǵ˶𣿡
ͷعӣҶѾȷϹһ١
һֻʧҹУܹźš˺ĺ˧ѾһȣȥˡԶ֮սȻȾ˰ա
ҹƽԭϣ֪Ҫƽٹ»ꡣʣƵûšҽ˽ϵۣתɽ¡ѾԤϣҲͲٿȥˡȻԼһֲ߻ȴЩһС

԰Уɫӳ֮䣬ֻһϮɫӺ֡ת䣬·ľͷԳһ䲼ŵıԺ˭Ҳ֪ټĻʹһµׯ԰ĸľҲǹеĽءֻشһУԺûסԳԼߣҲ׷֡
ϵİ񣬴ȡһɵУһССҩ裬⻹һⷢƵšĸµĶʦֶ֪򲻵ѣԼǾᶯġ
ĸŮӣ֪Լ֮ûк쳾ĽҩȴСҪ˹ƣ˵Ҳѣ˵ҲסǺ쳾ֻ֮࣬Ҫ׵ƶȻƽ⡣
ȡ裬ϸϸꡣǵĸŻѪãΪƲףֻһšջû̷ҲİˡԻֵ飬Ҳѡɡ
еָϸ壬һ֮㲻÷̰֡ܵƽͰݣƺ԰һеĳ硣 
ԭܵܵѡ˶áֻĺô֣ѵҲʱôԼһֻ»ֵŲ˶ˣȻӦٴһ

ҹ֮Ѿȥʮ졣߻ѳԹҲԪˣսֻʣձɢļ֧вսܲһعڱ߾ܣʱؽһЩׯ졣Ĵߣǲһ򾡡
ҳ˸⣬úھзֳһɢ߷ԾƶԸЩܡսãȻģҲѾáҩӶ壬ȻʺϳɹֻźҶڲ
˯ѣֻбһڴߣŴ⣬ŭҲ֪˭
Żعеĵôѵô磿ǲҳˣ
ţᳳңҶȥˣ
ȥʰ
ţ
Ҳʵ۽ոմּ⣬оǴؾ
žҪôû˺ҽּ
סҼ򣬵Ǵּ̫˵㻹˯ţҲʵ۷Ը²ô㡣
תͷȥ͵͵صЩġ
ϸüŭûʧʵ˭ô󵨣ǵ㲻ˣ
һ˲漴˭ǱܵܣôļǵİлȥҲЪ졣
Ȼ˵ô£񣬻ǳ˼ֱֱĶмܲסͳһϤּǳֱʡ
ЩЩϲæȡ𿪡
ߵıԱ˿תߣԼҪˡֻģȻҪŲſӹһ١ͬʱЩ棬̲ס̧ͷҵС
ֽ
ǧڲСĦüʵؼ㣬ЦˣʲôʱҲһˡ
ϱԵֻҲЦ⡣
ô
¶˵˵ӡմʤҲûЦ
ҡͷӹţѾ뿪ˡֻʱ䣬ȴ㡣

ΪҲ֪ÿҹ˭˯ź͵ҵѨңķӣҲϵԲԣ
Ҳ𴩣ΨεĵͷϣֻȴĺƵġһᣬҲڣ͵һۣԥŵǹ㣿
ǡץסֽ˽еĲΪʲôҾԼˣе飬ȴΪʲôָоûз⣬һֱӱ⣬Լ벻ˡ
еĺ˼룬ָָϵı⣬ԣһ¡
ɵûʲô㻹Ҫæ𣿡
˻еֽ㣬Ҳ˵Բ

ꥣ̤˻ؾ֮·ֻʱǺһҶˣ鱨ϵͳдôдֱַȽ⣬Ҫʶ֮Сһؾһ·ĶǴӾǳĽ
֮ʱҶһ࣬ұ˧һյĺ̬֮è㣬û̸ȺСѵ¶̬ʵ˳Цһʱӣһ̲סЦദôãѾԿ϶ӣǾԲͶ̫ġ
˳İëֻ죬Ƿ⳵ȻϾ棬ʿҰȻ˼ΣȴĲ˻Ҳ֪ΪαҪô֣Ȼһ⣬ұˡ
˼գо･ƵĲݣĹľٵϡӵĳ֡յϢԽԣҲԽԽ׷
Դȥ͸͸ɡͼҡҷǷʴƨɣλƵվЩ漴
̱ǰͷݳһһֻ˶ĻͷȻһ̲סһۣôˣȥ
ʾеװס򣬾Ȼҹҵ£
޲ýֻɴգֻϧлޡֻóʤޡ͸ſĳԿ˰˯Ĳֻһۣоͳ֮С
Ȼɱһֻë׵ĴצӣԼߵ˸ʵʵ޿̣ŭȴһעǰ߿ȥԭѾƫ·м䣬һߵԼ
ٺٸЦֱ̱ӣרļݳһߵƲƲ죬¶С˵ЦݣĵĽһֻëצӴ˿

һӪУ˷أ֮ڣǾжŮˣյõϢҲ
壿Ҷü΢΢ж˿ŭû뵽ԹײУѾǵˡԭĻؾ֮·ҲΪ˴£ʱĵ
ƫƫʱ򣬺ΪѺ֮£Ѿ˺ü졣˻֣˸Ϻˣ˵£ᡣ
򡭡򣿣ȻʶеĲ֮Ҷ겻ı˲ʧɫѿںӣ

ԣû𣿡
ˣһʱ䣬͵ˡ
ʱǺǴߵġ
˵߿ǰջؾҲԱ㿴ЩѪȵĳ档
ģݡ˶߲ѣ㣬Ĳ󡭡
ɳĳˡɫ̣һյ̱Զߣ˵䡣
δ˵̱꣬ԵɫͱˣЩĵһۣ˽ȭͷ·
·˲ãкȻ͵͵һ˵ôˣΪʲôôꣿ
໡
ʲôԾ𣿡
̱һתͷȥֻһһ߹ιϾͶһֻ׻һ˿ϣͷԼԣȥȥͻء
Ǵϻת˲ȥԶˡ̱Դ󼱣ڽȥֻϲǷʴٶ֮죬¿ȻҲ׷ϲϣһʱѾʧǵټ

һһɵѪζȻҵıСԶһׯֵǣʱ򣬴оȻһ㴶ҲûС
ǰڵڵһ˲ľȻͣ˽ŲΪԼ̤޳ŲظɺԵѪССͷ­ɢڸԼɷ˼ҡ
ΪԼսѪȣû뵽Уĸоοصʬף˺ͺӶûзŹ
ŨŨȳζӿУظ֮һڡ嶶еҶ£θʲôҲûУֻܷŻ
ԼһԺסҡҡ׹壬ƺڽҵ֡һƬѪɫʣ׶׼࣬Ȼɷ׵ŵ˰ɡ
֣ȴһſ죬Һӿ˳ôҲֹסؿһʹǰһڣʹʧ֪

źöҿʵİ뿿ڴͷȴȼżů¯ˣϻǸе⡣żصһ˫ʪ۾ңǵ벻ľ̿ȼյžоֻʣһƬš
ݣҩˡ
ԶҩС˽ǽĵڼˣôǲˣֻԼ˺ܶΣ˺ܶΣ֮ƺûһκȽȥġ
ҩһߣ§ڻҵͷļϣιҩ㲵ݣϵˣߵĻ˻ȥ
Ѿ˺Щ죬ҲóˡҩˣȺЩˣǾߡ
ҩѾûˡǶϣĿ⣬ֲľܾǰҩ룬ԹԺһڡźȥθһڣ͵Ŀ˳׵ĴʱȾҩգͰ߰ߵѪ졣
ŻŵĶҩ룬ƵҺģԴԴȴţ뺣òһӦ
ֻ˻ΪʲôΪʲôѹƲס
ڵĹƶ֮ǰķԼѹסһ·ϣǱԲϹעֻζƺκһζЩ
ֹˣϢһҾЩ֣ҲˣЪһɡ
ҡҡͷҪֻ֡
нЩˣ
˵ͷ§ҵֽ˽ϴһů
μֺ裬ǡ֣Ƕ˵Ϊʲôоȴ˵ܺڣңƤӣҲˡ
һ˯Ϳˣ˭
ûлĻֵԣûз֣ʱĺܿ죬ܿ졭ҺЩץסˡ
͵һ𣬲˼룬¡ȥҩֻҪȥûˡˣھǵ㡭
ڵҡֻ£Ҫʧˡ
ģ㣬Ҫ˵ˡ
˵˵Ҫ˵ġҪһ⣬壬ǿնɡ㣬Ѿȱ˵Ķ࡭
ߣĶҵһ֮µծ塣㲻ôǳ˭Ҳܴߣ
˫ԽԽ§ҿ촭ҽ죬ºǷµģҸûġ

                   52 
ͷĥ¿Ӱ㣬ڲݵϴתת
Ϊ鷢֪ͨ·ߣһӰүҲóûִлϵļƻ֪үߣֻ˵ʧٱǡȴ˶ʱ㣬үĳˣôԼ˼죬ȴһϢûС
ֻǣϵԽãĵƽбԽԼһһЧұ£ķԸҲƴӡΣ²ȥ֡תһ룬ԼϻǻɱɣǵԼ֣Խ˺͡
۽Ƴһ˴ҴҸԼɳ̽һˡִ񣬱ȭ˧ְδ򣬾Ѿүĳͣڽİ׼Ҵ壬ʮԶ
ͷԼϵ̫죬ˣֻ·Ͽ϶Ҳ£򲻻ᵢôáϸҲ쵽ˣ²˳٣̴ȥظȥ

һƬ֮һȺʿɢڸɫ㲣ҲѪ߰ߡ
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ãȥ˾񣬽ǾͶ֡

ͳиյķɸ봫ţ˿ʼжˡһߵĸʹ˸ɫ֪˿ȥš
ǰԼ͵˻ּƴ˴λүһ·ϣҪʱӺ˷Ըãˡֻǡû͵ĽߣҪۼүİΣô죿
ҡҡͷʳ֮»±ա

ҹһӱǱУö㣬϶Ĩ˺ᣬһ
һȣѰǺڰеһâֱȥȻߵĲݴдһϤϤ죬ͣǿȥһᣬûתͷǰ
ڳɲԶ˺󣬴߳Ӱһ˵Ԥˣû뵽װôЩҲƭȥǽյĴ飬һΪԹܡ
һ˵ͳ죬ְѾķԸֵǶװƣźǰˡ
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ٿͳ죬亹ֱ£ɫȻҰֽ

һ·ϣ˵ֿӰûЩ֣ƲͷǸ֮ˡҲһãȻȴľսֻ³ʲôӡ
ֱУŵĲŷδЩʣֻѾˣȻԼæһһʱ䰧ҰܡɢӵĴ񣬳ָݡȻˣԷɱʹ죡
ǰһׯ԰СΪۡὣԾֱֱԺ˽ȥ
ŵ⣬ŵŨŨҩζлһɵ㣬ü֪ס˭ǹԼһ˿Ȥ
Ųδؽһƣ֨ѽһˣǹҲԽյоȻȼů¯ЩȵĻšɽ˽Ѫܵĳ󲽿ڡ
в޹װΣǽ߰ڷһ齣бһˣƺ˯š
ǰȥòȴͷһһ˳
̲סʵ˭žԼЩɵ˼Ȼ˯ˣԼʻ
ϸݣܾƺһħԽԽ᲻ŲĿ⡣
ǰһԼϻǵľգ˵ʲôүľòҲһЦ֮ףӹ֬׷ֻۣǸүҲǰ˵֮һ
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óˣҪȥ˵˯ָûƤоѸһ߶ȥ
һĨĽյؿڻǰһӡɱһţ亹Ҳѹ̧ȥкȻһˣһ£ǰ˫ԲŭԼ 
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ۿǰĺˣֳֽǰ˱
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Ѱһ˿ʱݼţ̱޳ȥ磬ת˲͵˳ü䡣
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ڵص̱ȴ⣬Ϥĸо˾ȻԹĻˣԼѾԹˣȻһΡεĴĴ⣬»Ҫ۵
ὣǰЦɱô˭ɱ˭˵бָ̱ؿڣһ̳;Ȼסˡ
һֻϸӨ׵ƣסѪָ们䡣
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ĴҴܵıǷ׷ͣ׷İ뿪ǵ߶еһһׯ԰ſڡ
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ѵˣЩĽ죿˵Ѿôԣһ٣
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һɽֵĻХ˳һֻ׻ƥԽ֫ڵءҲ˻ţɢ˿ȥʿκȣҲƲס
һңԱԾϻһת۳֮С
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ǿֻʩչʮƣҧŷҲƬС

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ҪôҿǴǰҵĴ֣ΣҲʧȥ
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ĳһ飬ż˵԰˵,ǡ
㲻㣬дôûû
ԣĳݴ㽫߳

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ΪԼԼҵXŬ
                  
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Ȼһ죬֮һϲĹ֮˳һͣ׷ſӿȥӵһԣƼ
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ֱߵŮǣðŽǣֱĶиϵĿӡݣüĿۣ쵤Ϸг˰Ҳǡ
ŲŲĴҹǣѽڳٵĸǵ֪ͨʱȴɬ·ٽֵİ̽ͷԼ毺õչˡȻҪλӵǰ
ԭʹ˼ƵСǣڿ̫ӵµò󣬷׷״⡣ǣһ̫Դ˷ݣﻹݵԵš
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ϣһ˻ӳ˼лѡŷ֣Լһͣ£Ķ鶼˴֮ϡһëЦ߰ɣ硣
һһȳ۳ƺƵĶֶ

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ֱӰʧ֮У˰ĲԭΨһԸǿҵԺƽƽĻȥҪٶ¶ˡ

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ҹ˾ӰԽǽһС¥Сһ䷿ǰվסȷڵѾ˯ˡ
յǰȡһܣС봰ӵķ϶֮䣬ᴵ˿̾Ϊһĸ֣ΪʲôԼҪЩ飬Լݰתͷһۣоƽ˲١һ̫ӣҲݣԼһǽ۶ôҲֲԼ
ᣬڵĺóȻ˻˯С⣬ŷ롣
¹͸˺ֻ֡һڴϣһ㱡ı졣ƽȣӦ˯ˡ
иؿڣоļ죬ƺҪֻ֮һĿܣԼҲҪȷһ²Żġ
ߣ̽ȥ˭֪ڰпֻֽͷת
ִ˵ȴԼƤߵĸожʱ˰أվġǺԼһһ㽺
ϸݣ޽ҲŹһһæȥ֡£ûз֣ԭˣֱָĵطɫıסˣֻ¶һϸֱۡ
ѵҪ˵ıԼ֪ǲܵ¡ȻԼģֻһѰ˰ˡ
վ˵ͷһˮһŻȵ˲ʱ
ʶĸǰ˵˯ˣֻϴĸоϤķƿҲЩ
ϴࣵԼҪˣٲߣǰ͸ϲȥˡȥǺñͬʱЩ֣뿪յһ˲Լôвĸо
ţӰһΣʧҹĻ֮С

ƼҶ¥ٴһòŮ뱧ãǳʱʱ׳һۡģһװԹӡ
еŮ欣һ˫ǵ۶ǰĹˣʹ벩öµĻġֻϧŤ㺹ˣǴȴһ˿ӦҲûСپڣԼڶﻹ˸ҳƵһվȻʧֲɣв֮£һֻ֣Ǵ῿˹ȥ
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ֻһһͷȥһ˵ӰһɢΡеŭ֪һ㽫Ǻĵ˦Զ
˰ٰ˼ȴôһһʱţǽǲõŮӴʱҲ֣ͣɪɪ
һ֣ڷеĻֳˣŮӴȥ
پʵȤˡվߵǰȥһƬô⣬ԼòѰ˸գӸ˳ôҲҪѰЩӡ

ͷգһҼ׵Ĳ£ҳԴ̲סҲ֪ģһ;ͷ
¥ǰĲ룬ǳǳһڣôˣǺ˯ôٳҲһʱ
Ȼˣٻȥɡ
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ǰŨһҵ߰ɡ
¥ȡöͭǮϣ߳
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¥ŭǲΪѣΪѵľˡԹľѵûӲĵ
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Ҽʶĺ¥ȴ֪ǰȥֱ˵ʵҪǿ𣿡

ǺãҲΪѣֱ˵¥ȥ
ɲ㡣¥ϸ˻ᣬţĲȻԶǿǿպҲˡ
㡭㡭¥ûָ̧˵ı˵
һֵղ˵𣿸㣬پҳɱ
ɣԭʱභģǰˡôԹĶˣ˵ĻȻҲǸ
ۿ¥ѾĲУǰλӣ̫үġǳʲô飬̫Ҳýɡ
ұΪԼĸЩ˼ɣ֪ȴʹš
һ⻰ɫ䣬ΣյĹҵȻвңãҽվʶʶʲô
һֱ飬ָ΢״ӥצ˲͵ҵľߡоһձܿ˳㳶һߵ¥óԶԶġ¥Ѿˣ§ҵۣû뵽˻ᶯġ
ͣԭأЦѹ޿֣ôһϸϸװ׵ӣṦ򡣡
Ҳ֪ôһλйӣȴ˺ݶ
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һ֣ϣһ¥ɸպôƽֻ֡ʱԳұЩá۳ɣȴƽĨҲԽԽ
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һʹĴ˿ѿˡұΪɻʤ׷֪˵֣ʹûġ
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δǷǣ¥Ҳ˻ȥ֮죬¥ǱˣԹԴԺﲻȥҲҲʲôʵĽڳţһֱ

                   55 
һ죬ϵİ׸ã˵ĶأԴӿŵĴڷ˳ȥһССİ𻺻Ʈ䡣
ֻ嶨ؿǸëֱƮ䵽ϣǱͿһ㡣
һǰԼţΪеļѾʹ֡ʧ١ˣҲ˵ɹˡ
ʦһ౨ݣɫһ¾ͱˣУŭԹвĽƺͲȻ˾֮񣬵˵˦ȥҲ֪ȥ
Ȼղȴյ뺫֮רõŸ룬Ĳˡ뵽ͻȻɱһӱƦܣ뵽ʱôɣ
ʲô޷ļƻͷԼȴͷԿա
ΪֻʦֻԼʹΪʲô֪Ĳˣô£һˮˣԭһݰ飬Լȴǰһе𣿿ȴŪˣֱʧȥ˾
˰ΣȻ뵽һ£æҵĴһȡǷСᣬԷ˷һɫӣʹҴұ˳ȥ
ҪϣȴֹˡֻһĹϮʧ˵֮С

ãȻڽͷнһɫֽ㣬Ψ֡ҡ
㣬㣬ҵôãȴʧٵϢԴӰҾֹ֪ˮѾزȥˡ
ʱ޿̲㣬ʱ޿̲ڵ㣬㻹ǸôͻϢһ㣬ڼԴˡֻһͷҪ㡣ʲô𢣬ʦʦܣȫǹƨ
̱ԴӦңһỤȫȻʧˣôǼпһҲǶʲôطˡǣƾһ֮شҪӺ 
ˣһطԼôأϣһҵ㡣һҪţŵ

գĶĳ˽˳ֻ֡ǣĳϰ壬ŵСˣɫôÿ
ԶƮȻһˣһ־İ¡ſڵСһ˳ӭ˽ȥ
˽ȥãһ˴ҴһƣԺ塣Ƕͽҳӵģ÷˷׷ײĿ
ĳڵȻβܣôĽ˺Ժ˸սѾԺſڡֻṦãҲ˶ĳ˵ͼƴЩˣǴСһ򶷣ȴŨĶĿһ롣
ֻԺվˣ˽ԼΧм䡣Ҳǰȣû뵽ôЩСආȻҲ˵Լԭǰǵ͹ʵеҲɢЩ˲١
ҵֻ壬λͼƻʣƵֻۣһͨ˵ݡ
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˶٣ҪˣҪʬѾʧ٣ǲʵѰãҲûκη֡˵Ƕ뻹šҪģסϢԹ֮˵ֵ֪İΣǡȻܻ֮ҳ
лһˣִֻ֪֮ʲô⣿
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˵ŽֽһߵУЩĿһۣȴ֪˵ʲô
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ֻԽұסеҲ͵˴ġ֮ҵһжǵļ֮£֪ɷ񣿡
ͷˣǾͶлˡһӣˣͻϻع
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Ҳãֻ̧ͷһۣǶ˱㶼ˡҩҲ£򲻵ѣǡ˵˴ͣסˣ־ڲԼ̸֪ʲôҩ衣뵽㣬ӿĻ⣬̹˵ҲֵĽվԼĴ

硣˭ڱ˵ң
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⻹ʣҺҩʱ򡭡ٺ١
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㻹ָָǣҪˡҩ£ҶԸСһ
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ŨŨıҵ̫ٵˣ㻹ҷ±ҴȾӰݳǲá
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˵źӵ֣ҵĶͷãյĲ
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֣һ٣ȥвɡ
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˵˻Ự͸뿪ˡҿǷʵЩᣬ㲻ǿأаУӲϹԸ񣬵һû䡣
һͷ߳⣬ЩԳЦЦȿǴҹ֮̽ǰҲֻΣôԼУ˵Ӱͻ֮ȥأ
ΪƵĴУԼϤĸоֻƵİ̺ۣ֮ϣԼ˵ӰӡԲŻ̲סȥӽõһİοҲ˵ĺܡ

Ʋֵţ˿ϵ֪費ܽ𣬵ǰԼƢˡ
͵Ľյˤ˵ϣƾʲôԾܴϯȴֻڸУһССٵѣʾȻҪ٣ֵǣҪ׼ϣ
һЦϢŭȻǲһݴġ񡯺ˡ
һɫ֪תʲôͷȵ£ˣѣҪˣ׳ҲỳҶֽšҪ⵹͵Ȱ
һ˴ǰҲûа취
Ŷ˵
˵⣬ǲ
ڳɶϸϸͼɵݡ񡯵ǲɣһ󹦡
лӡ
һۣЦ

                   56 
Ƴϣ̫ӸǺؿӯţַǷ
¥絽׼һС̫ӱȺӵ߹֮ʱǵԶԶһ棬ˣԶòԹȻ顣
ȻˣϷҲ쿪˰ɡֻǸǿѵĳоȻ֪ȥԺ󣬻ûм
⸮ȻֵĽȴЩϰߣֻöϷ֮䡣ֻ̨ʱһȻֻʣһ˿£ⳡЩˡ룬ǳȥҸ徻ط͸͸˳Ĵ㡣

УӦýгԣʱѾ¶ԼĿԶԶģ⾭æµϷǰ۽ƳҲѾˣӿ𵭵ϲá
翪ҲӦƵ̫࣬ȡ˼Щ뵽ʻһŵȥƻ£ӦԼ˳
طݣҹɫŨأЩӦҲ塣Ȼ·ѡƫƧС·ʹҴҸϷ̨
ûߵͼһӵӰһС֮ϣϲ֣ȴԵįࡣ
ֻһ͵͵Ŷ֮¶ɾããٶɶһǳ尵ηзɢ㣬ָòﻹ硭
ֻͣһ䣬طţЩ˻ƣ˫ֱֱضµˮȻԼߵûз
ʲô
ұͻȻһһعͷ㣿ȴѿƲһߣŶԡ
ЦôȥǰϷ
¥ϷҶѾˡ˵ǰԺЩҿʧ˷ִ磬ǴһЩ
дóһֻСֲֻ̳֪Ʊû㣬ҲҵҺһΣ
棿Ǿ͹ˡֻҵľǳʧ̬ɲܹҡ
ˮ¶ǣпŶˣһ㵭ĺѸաӰ涣ƽһɫһʱЩԽԽ᲻뿪ۣ޲һѽ§뻳С
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ſҼͷǿָ̧˸ҽϰ뱧ţȥ
֪̫ƫƧձֶֶ࣬еǰԺȥˣ·Ѱ˰æȴӰû
Ŷ룬˲Ͼ̾ġš̶ȣȡűëմʪ˲ֻһĨëϾմһҺڡû뵽յ㣬ٲ˼飬ǰԳһſףֻǴʱȴ̺졣
ӻҩһץűëͷһ̽ķŪȻӲʱȣȥҽҩֻܿЩйҩЧһͺˡ
ˮ۾Ŀҡֻòͣﰲοͼ 
ԭѾ֪ͣһᣬֿʼûϵҩЧ֮ǿֻס˫硣ʱʧֻƾĹסֻһ죬һҷȥȴһ͵شסˡ
ǡҹ⡭壬Զ
ֲԾذԼСȣﻹһһģһ塣ſСǰ֮غһĿյľǿСѾ˷ʵ
ֲǻϲЩǾȸЩֻǴʱ˵صȻһң֪ǺáзҷӣؿھΥĸоٴϮ̲סЦžסĿڣʲôʱҲҪô
ͷûת꣬Ѿ͵˵˴ϣ˫ƣáߵУֻ޾𣬿ľս
ԽҲԽֻȵļͦ͵Ҵڲ࣬һؿڸʹѵҲ۲
˻˻ϵ·ͱ˲ȵƤȻ¶ڿУ̲ס˸䡣
ԵģǲԵģԶ
δйӿͷʪǰ˵ҲˣҳҪԶڵģſҡ
Ȼһ˲ͷȥϵ飬ĵҪ£񡭡
ƺҾ̧ͷȻȴȻһ˫ãķۣûн࣬оڿңȴ֪ںδ
ԵģԶѣǿ̱˻ȥ
ҲŪģ񣬹ԹԵģҶ
ᣬȵ˫϶·סҵġȻһ˲ͺԤ׵Ĺᴩҵ塣
ء˺ѵľʹ籩ҵУһΡſȴһ룬ֻһͣҲѹסҹ𱳣ۣ˫ȭָǶУɴĴʹȴ޷ʹתЩ
ڲϵĳͣٶҲԽԽ졣ѨƺʪȵҺ˳
ɬˮǣֻļ϶Ű󣺡Ҫſԡ

̫ӸһСϣӰһڲµӰпǱСֱߵԺһķ⣬һ˲棬Ѿ
һҲͣô죿˵ָָеĲ
ֵҲǱǿƵģ͹ˡǿͻȥȻ֪ͨӡ
˵նԭ·أĽ˷ԭֲ֪ʧڰҹ֮С
ȴ˵Ǳ׽ˣеҩԭǳһ˹ͷţҡҡλεվµأ࣬Ǻ
ԶĹһŮӣôں̨Ϣô
Ҳ֪
ӿЩһҪˡ
ױɲ¥ơ
˱߱˵ҴұǰȻֵ׵Ժ

֪˶ãõҵѾʧȥ֪͵һͦȫͷ˳ĵϣƺƣ۵Ľˣ˫һվ˯˹ȥз΢ķȴڡ
ҽӲڴϣһʹѵȻؿڱѹסȴ᲻ƿǰ󷢺ڣһתͷߡ
һѪ˳ֻظ˲٣ʶҲĻָ˹ĿϢƬ̣ʹеķڻ뵽ղŵ£˲ʱѪӿոȴĺ쳱ٴθΪʲôã֮ʱеľȻҵ֣
˫֧һᣬѾɸƵһߣҾصˤ˴ϡ
תͷİϤߣգǷߣҲֱ治塣ϸϸԭ͹ãҲݺοԼȲŮӣͲʲôʧ⡣еĸоȴװ׸Լ²ܾôˡ
ԶǺòײط꣬ΪʲôҪ£ԭǾʹڲͬүҲԹһеĹСҪǰһദѾǲܵˡ֮˼֮ףȻ֮ʧɽԣԴ
ǣûѵʱĵߣΪǴһ
ţźȻ˴򿪣һȺ
һһĽǣȴβסüҵֻǶӳɡ֪ҺȴȻԲ˫ĿԱһ˵죬һֱָңȵô

лҪ˵вˬľש
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                   57 
һҵȴȫ¶⡣ܵſ˵ߣرһЩֱ߷ѱЩȴøץסء
ɶ֮ˣŷһˤϡɼǰֺȻͣˣҵࡣ
϶һۣЩ۹ڵ⡣ֻһǸεڶ𣺡Բ𡣡
ˣתͷһ˫ָɵӣԷģҲٶѿ龰
ͷĨȥǵѪЩȻض˿ȥԼ
ֻڿж˶٣漴ת˷򣬼ɢڴϵݴáߵһߣӹȡһۡʼգûпһۣǽſڵ˶ľ̥
ֱȫ룬ſڵܺ£Ȼҵķˡ
ܣ̫ӳԣ뵽ģԶ
ɺ⵹ǣֻǸʵˣȴ㡣պ˵Ϸӵ¥ѲˣѰ롭
ʱһϸɤ߳ϼݵǡô˳ɵĻ
һߵĳЦܵɣĸɡ
˵ţſڵȺзֿһµĹװˣһλ˽λʮ꣬ȴѾԳ̬ɫҲסòЩɷǵζóʱҲǸ
ߵĺɫֻۣͶϻʵһۣ߾ͱ˹ȥҿˣؿһڡݣ
ǿºĲʣס񣬿ǧܱϳֻؿһۣͰͷƲ˱𴦡
ֵܶй˵һߣڴϡ֪Ǻ֮ʣݺȻָ̧֣ҳôĵӣ˻ϾҲ򣡡˵ʹ˸ɫ
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ǰһ󣬵вʣʾ֮һ˽ƽϡԼĸƺЩԹֵǣϻʵ˿Ҳգֻ΢΢˵ͷ
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һߣ𴲵ֻһ̵廬˳һⲻӴӲҹôߵĴæˡϸϸһСһߵĹУȡµĴ߳ȥ

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дҴҴ·Ҫ̧ˣ뻹ǾòףִյߣǵãȥҲҪȵһ
šۿǰһĲɵӣεƲƲ졣нţԼܵסǸһͶĶܡƫƫ˻رĳٶۡ
ֻøʹ˸ɫᣬ˳ȥһСԺ⡣еʱ˺սеôġ

лҪ˵ϴ󣬽ˣȡһ
ĴïصͬѧϵˣãѺ
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ͷϣһ·ϵ͸Īֱֱ֣ԼķС
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PSĳֻȤζʮļһЦͣһ˶ĵطToT
ոյ֪ͨżָʦҪһƪڹ¶ֺõģͻϮżֻ۸ 
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кȻЩڣԼղ̫ˣȵ𣿡
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æĴû쳣Ӧá˵˴ȷΪҲ֣ʵڹڰˡ
ƿԿҲͳĳһƣһ߾ͱ˸顣첽뷿ڣͼһ˷ڴأһһֻĴ࣬°ɫϰ߲ѪɫһĴ̽˳еĵסһ׶ĵʹóһ£ǰ˭ɷϵǣѾԼռһϯ֮ءֻ죬˫֣뻳С
׷ſڣǰѱ𿪵һߵϵġ״ӶǼúˣһƿɲᣬҺԼľš
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һǰһԵ˸ӣУ
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׽Ūˣڱĳϣ㲻㣬ֲңǻлᡣڣب֮ģֹһ㣿
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֮ǰҶߣ޺޵صⱲӣ˦ҡ
ֳŵĻ˷ѹѾԶˡ

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ںߵСͤڣĲɵİף۹ȴʱƮͤ⡣ԶĵطվǸִ۵ļһ
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˭ģԼһ쵽ĵһͲˡǣֲܶʹΪʲôǸ㲻״أǺ޲úݺݵһ١
пյ̾˿е档ҲãԼĻôꣿ챻ˡ
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һֱͨģߵ˺ȻվһӣȥƹӺҪ㡣
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ȥɸϣ᲻̫Σգ
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Ĭţסҵ˫ۣȻ͵һϴһʹ̲סʹԶ
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ȻΣû뵽һôƺžʹӴȥһߵıҵϣ˯ɣȥĵط񡭡Բ𡭡
͵ۿȥЩįıӰʧ⣬˳ֺ˷šӦԶˣڱſ³Ѫմڱ𴦣ȾǰƬ˺·ϡ
ԶӣҸô죿Ǳֻ֪ҪˣԣҪҺİϳȥ

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и߳Զ͸Ȼ֪鲻ãӲͷƤʵӣû°ɣ
жԼƿ˿˵ֺĵѹģôܰйߵĹأ
ӽЪ
Ժɡƽסĵط
һ£͵˳һۣɫѾƽ˲٣ſڵǸˣôã
в͵üţпȥ

ЩˣұԶĹһ»ϣȾѪ·ӵ£͵͵
˯ҹȻожűӼܵҲϣѵܡԺתһ˻Ƶ𣺡ԣҳɱˣʲôС
һ£ڴ˸棬һʱ֮䣬˶˵
ջȷӦ֪ʱѾЩģˣָϤӢӣѹеϲãԡ
˫ǲŵɫʵǡݣ
ڵߵݺӡ̵˵ͷġ
еĳ˫סңԽ˽ȷе˲ãȵģϴϤĸо
ҵãҲʲôӦ̧ͷȥֻǣͣˡ
ɰһæԣôˣ
кȻϲɣ૵صû£û¡
֪ӣһŻˡԼҲΪڽ֪ܳôá
ҷסοıȴһЩճȵҺ塣һ˿Լϵİ׳ҲѾȾ˺ɫ
ղֻŸˣûϸŷϵ·ѾܴˣЩ˵ĵطԿɲ˿ڣˣˣҸͿʲôŪ˿ڡ
ô£ҷֿ󣬵ʲôˣأϵҩƿѾˣֻðѸɾĳ˺һЩš
ֻϣȻԳһЩεĹ飬ԭӳȥģ֪򡭡ǰӹˣΣգһŲȽ˵塭֪ţɾ¡ԡ
Ѳڣĳ˸׽סˣô˵Ҳϡ
˵ͷԭѾ֪ǳˣҲǲǰ֪ġʵأҵĹָҲᡭ
˵˴ȻŵĿҵϵأΪʲô컹ж磿
Ҳ֪ʲôԺһֻϸȴôҲ벻ֻȽĵסҪʣȻһԼǻӳȥ㡣
Ұסƣ۵ӣ۲ѣʱǲ鲻࣬һܡ΢ЪϢһҲá
˵ͷҲٷ
ֵôᵽ̫Ӹиղ˵ԡɣ
ұ׽סһֱصڣͣı䡣ôҲ˵ڽ͸˳ԡֻ֣ô֪Ҿǡ޳
һѣҲ뵽Զͱ֮䣬ôһϵйҵģҪ˵źá
ɱҵ䣬Ϊʲô֪ҵˣȻֻ赭дһ仰ȴܵĥ뵽ΪҲ̲ܿ࣬סǸεס֡
Կһۣƺʲô˵ڵĻǵӦò֪ݡĲ֪
֪ʲô
תͷȥԸ̣֪ⷽٶ۵ĺܣǲҪ˰ɡ
Գٳٲҽŵôӳģ
ͷ˼ãܳƺżȻġʱǸһһ·Ͼͷ״򿪣һ̫ӸУû˿ʱ򣬾˳֪סԭ˯ʱЮӳ̫Ӹ֪Ȼ㡭
һ㣬Զֻûô򵥡
ԶɻĿңʵ㻹ûңôᵽԶ˭

ߵ飬һ;˳СֻĴѰûз֡
һԵ޳겻ɢòȻô˲ɣ
޳һ򵨴ϸҲΪɱֽ̳ظ¶̲ˣ
ƶĵͷȴǲģ϶ܲԶӦûڸС
Ȼ뵽һطæʵҵķ䣬д˲ˣ
ӣǷԸκ˲ôƹϢ𣿺οر
û꣬ͼɫ䣬Ժȥ

Զ˭
ԥŸҺԶĹϵԺȻ棬ˡ
˵ĹҲߵĺܿ죬ֻ±ˡ
ҿˣҸط
ʵô죿
ǲỳҵģ˶ӣԺٸ㡣
ԵͷĴۡԶԷȻܴȴҲյúܡգԵĿ⻹Ǻε䵽˴±ߡһƴڣҪȥȴȻͣסˡ
ҼŸʲô
ɫȻúѿֻʲôŷӦԼһҪĶǼѪ
Ȼֲ̧ҾͿǰӡ
ʲôǶʲô
Ұס֣ͬʱȡϵ޳ڲ˵ʱëҲǵһеġ㻹Ҷ
֪ƽһˣȴֹؼʱ̷ţƢҲӽǲ
ýŲԽԽŭǲҪѪ㿴Żᶯ
Ҫɱ
ʲô
Ҫߡ
ԣˡ
񣿡š顱һײˣеһ˽ͬһʱ䣬ֻһᣬԴ˵һߣǽڡ
ǰľʵڲܲóᣬԽ§ҵУȻұЮˡתֿɢڵصǼǰȾϵıԵѪ˫̱ɱڣȵ޳ҷſ
Ҳɭɭľ͸ҹΧ֮£Ҳ˵Ļ
һתңɫʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷҪڣԾ֮ǰŭû£
ʲôһ֪л⡣
ԼԺʾȴԽ˵Խ
ȫûҲأֻܸżŲ죬˻ȥ
ۿƽסˣƳˮôڳҪ˵ֻˣҰ˼ֻڻԳȥ˵
˳սĹ˲ȱԵĽţſڶ˶̻ſŲȥ
ԶңʾÿǱһĻ֮£˷š
ԶתͷԸ£ȥԺĵҶܳӼΣˡ
ŲԺǽߣĽժֱԵĻ
ִֻļʱ˶˲ѵҲС˿ڣæ˻϶ȥҲµġȥԴ¥Ѧƹ񡣡
֪ǲԸ֣ļ֮£ֻֿʼƵָۣؿڡ
ĳȷҵ޳
ҲҵĲԾҶʵ㡭ˣ
û취ߣҪ𣿡
˶٣ڲصǧСģϻ㡣
ȻһƣƸУԼȡе޳ǽͷæֽסңҷվһߡ
һûüͼдԱһжһŹѸޱȵĴҡһڰУŸܶƫԶֲͣοֽ
ͷûת꣬ѾԾĶνʣֱе֪;ȴһǽʱ˷򣬾ָԶؿڡ
ҼתȴΪʱֻһͣۿǷĽֱûؿڣѪ˲ʱȾһƬһɣǼȻʧ׼ͷбб˳ȥѲӰ
һз̫죬˴඼ûӦֻĿǣһʱҶš
пհһƬ̧ͷ˫۶ϣֻеʹв㵡죬ԭ뺰֣֪һ
վһᣬֲ֧סҡŵȥʱҵУֻʣһˣ£ֻȥӡ
֪һͱһɴ赽˵ϣĹͷɢƵģ˲˼ѹҡԶŭҵӴΣ㾹Ȼ
ֱӽЩˣֻԶȥƾĽھһѪۡҾʹˣСĵĻѽŲ
ûŲѾԶҲûһֻۣȥΣȺ䡣ȻתṦת۾ȥԶˡ
ֻԶ׵ɫͽŵ˫ۡѪ˳ָ䣬˺ѰʹϮͷ
ΰɣһһجΡʧУͺͿһǰһڣԸ˹ȥֻѹʱⳡجξͽˡ

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ʪȵĿУųĵζȻһ죬һ׻ʣ˺ҹա
ֻԼֱ죬غڴߣͼн
ϲӣˣ
ǽؿڣʧѪ࣬Ż˹ȥϺõҩҪǮƵĨţòײֹסˣ˹
ǰЩлһܣ΢ʵأ
صӻʲôȻȹˡ
ôĵӣ
֪ΪʲôȻæӿģǣ˿ڡȻǹڡˡ
һ뵽Ǹн޳ĵطоĪļ£ϰųȥ
ԥΣûߣŭ㻹ߣ
ӣ飬ҶΨ¾Բκο˺شڣοѾ
˼ǣҵĻˣ
ֻһ
ãŭһƿҪ´ʹˣԼȥ
ʱ񣬰סӦǣͷ˵źһ̴ӣƽ˸ӣԼ뿪
뿪תͷȴиղ̫ңؿڵ˿ѪҲѾ˹ȥʧ̫ҽأôûҰѾеĴ

ĵذ˰ޣԺ˵̫үԸ˷ų
õԽת̫ӣԶˣ֪Ρ
ˡ
ɡ
صˤڵϣǰŪѹĶ죬ϵѾȥԼһ֮ϣԾɭɲδţǰȼزҵĻ档
ѵ̧ͷһ˫͵۲ҪϸѾһӾʧڽֵͷ
Σ̫ӸϤɫȴڲֹһ˵Ͽصյѩ֮Уĺ⡣
ѵݣ
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ֽ֪Ųһסߵһˣ̫ӿɺãأڼ飬Ҵ
˦ҵ֣⻹˵ڼ鲻ô
ղˡ֮񡭡
˵˰ɣųˣҲҵĻȥԶˡ
ȡº仰˵ʲôֻǶšҲܵҪ֪ͨԶ̫Ӹ̫ԶˣȥԴ¥Ѧȡ

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̫ŵһˣҲ֪ʲô
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кȻֵĸоǸ̿ͻҲ̫˼ˡ
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һǰԶȻһӰ賿ʱ֣⻹һ·ϿΨһһˣ벻עҲѡοⱳӰЩ죬̲ס࿴ۡ
Щķǽ棬һһǰšһһƬڵϹһտĽϣֻһˣҪʲô
ãѵõĶ˲ЩȤԽͷԱ߲˲ƺҲ죬תͷ
Ŀԣһ
ɽ´һ飬Ц㡣
оţȴǲɫĵ°ҹﻹҪѲࡣ
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һ֣ϧϵҩƿѾˣʲôĶûСԭվŶѣ˼أѾþһע⣬Ȧס˫ۡ
ڷգЩȵĵ
ѹ־ͷԼǰ׷Ȼһֻ±Ʋס㣬ҲȻһҾߣ˹ȥ
ɱԾظ˷º󣬲ųżŻʹȥ

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СȻȷе˵ûǵĿɿϢ̫ҹﱻ̿ˣƺƻᡣ̫ҽ̫ӸҽΡ˵˴ֵĿ̱һۡȻ֪νġ̿͡ǰ֮ˡ
̱Ծ̧ͷͶɻĿ⣬æңնû֡
ǻ˭µͷ룬ʱͷתͷСүϢ
СȻͷ̫ӸľԱԴ̽Ϣ
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˰ΣǻعȻС顱һҸҪȥ
һ仰û˵꣬ӭ̱ԴһʼЩֻ̹ԣҳϣȥһ档
̱ƲƲ죬˵Ļ˰ɣ磬ûʵĽڣ浱Ұ׳ˡ
¿ЦôҲǹţθȥ
ԭֱ׳̱ԣһ⻰ȥ˭ԼǸеģУȻ١
ҲǸƻ֮ˣ֪ǹְȥһСģҲ֮ܳꡣ
һСģҲġ
㡭оİ취𣿡뵽ҹ̱̲סѯ
̱ϣĿ⣬һ£е˫ѾԾؽתȥסɫֻµġ˵űȥ

賿ĹʱѾʱ֮ĩ뵽ڹУʲͣƮ񣬲ŭεһ֣Ҳһ̹ģ
һţɱ㼱ظϡɫ谵ͷϺƹȻŵ·ƶصУҲûһʪ·߽Լڡ
뷿ڣһ͵ĻȽһεεڶĲȥˣѾãǵþˡ
ݺˣɵɫȴ
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˵Ǹ֪ļһ⸮еҲûˣлҲ˵µķ䣬ɰһؿڣϸϸ˵߼ɻС
ɵѾǿҵΣźšϧе˳ԼĻ֮Уû
̫ɨˣ᲻ɵʲôеµԼ˫磬治Ծ¶ȻЦݡ֪һ̣ĵʹʹӼͷЦݻ£亹Ѿ˳
ڶ𣺡Ҫ˵һ飬أ
ֵ̧ͷӳˣǳԼĵ
ɵѹţҴеĲҶɪɪԼܡܳȥˡ
ôˣȻЩ죬ҲԼû˳ô˵˻ڸˣ

лҪ˵һһ½Ⱑ
ǰ˵һ£ΪҪˣԸ»һᾡģǲܱ֤ÿ춼 
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ԽԽ̫ӸǰȴûٹԻȥ󣬾ҲûɷһѵˡûͷӬƵĽ˴ȥһܳһ
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ѰȥҲԾĵ˵ǰ̫Ӹһۣԭ̫Ӹˡ
嵽ǰϲ֮ɫԱǰ֮˻һݡµķɫЩſ졣
²Թɫȴûӽֻͣʵ̫Ӹв֪˺£ôӰ
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͸Ǽ˲٣»һȦȴûǸˡ΢΢Щʧ֮࣬Ŀת˴ϵĳС
ڴϵˣѾԼʶòΪ˻ԵԵʣɫЩ԰ףȴĿüȻԳһӢ
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˿ڲֻģŻԲѡ
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д·ӽʼ䣬̧ͷͼǾеѾŵ磬ܳ⡣ǶԼ
ͷεĿۻԵĳУסôЩӣҲ֪ǲáҾף֪˹ôҪ㸶ۣҲ׾ٵ¡

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ԭȸĻ棬һСȥصƲҲƿһߣкĹ⣬ģͥԺ
ͥԺоվһˣʪ͸ûͣȴ˿ܵ˼ҲûСΣǡСߡ˿֪ȥ˳˿ɢڼͷʡ
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һԶ룬ɲǰԼϳɱˡָֻ̰ϵᣬʵڲþǰ֮ˡȻƳָϸСƣҲ֪˶á򵽣˻ţæ˺Ա¡
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֪ʱ˻Լ˫̲סЩڣôˣԼƻ֣Ȼ֪Щ
૿ڣ㣬ĵģԲ𣬶Բ𡭡Զ
͵̧ͷãֻкȻʲôԼӦûΪʲôǰˣǷ޲úݺݵ˦ǡ
ȡȡԼֺȻɿĻ֮Уȴعĳɽ׽ס˫֡˫ĺܣȣ
ʹ˼£һڳɻСֱס޹ǵӣžԼС
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жʱ죬ԭݣô߱ѹǾڲͬԼ񾭹
ģǲԼֽ͵˳Եϣ裬Ϊ˵ѵǹ
˼֮ʣоԽԽ̡ͷȥɫѲ֮ǰ԰ף͸һ޺졣һԣ̣ѹһȣԼǱ֮ǰ֪ڷգãѩϼ˪

˶һţߵĹӶ˺ð졣ոմӶ´ľлΡΡվͼĴ⣬ԶԶĳֻˡ
ѵ»תˣ̲סһϲæӭűߣŷֵлһˣһȸԾĶʱȵס
ûһ㣬ҴҿڣСİڴϣֱȥʪ͸·˭֪ԽԽСЩź˵ĻǺ޲˺£ת룬ЩףͷҲصĵ㲻Ǻܻ·ô
˰ΣҲֻǰרעİŪʲôŮʲôòȴһ֪Ȼ˵ݺǺ棬ǲͬ⣬򲻸ǰġֲ²⣬Ȼɴڵ鼱֮˵Ļ³УǺ˺գżæȥ
վڳ濴ĲУֻϳϵǸӡŴڣڷ٣ɵĶ΢΢죬¶һ޳ľѾ᲻ƿĿ⡣
ԭˣŸ˳ɣ֮ǰҲ˹ӣŵǵһμɻ̧ͷ˳һۣҪʲô
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֪Լ⣬ǣҽһİ˵·ο˵£Լûźˡ
鲻Ը֣аϸָṴ˿Ҫ½⣬ϵƺת˹ţԼҲᲦлԼɡ
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ôŽѵ˵ԼԺӣ᲻Щ乬еһ㡭
תͷԹĿɣŷֵµ˫Ѿǰ֮˵˸ֻƺ˿ûѵ·У㿪֣Թǿ
һ·Ժͻʪ͸˴ϡۣͿһòŮڽҵĿӣĲԸһԼɡתͷŷִ߻վһɣż֮ǰ裬ķ²
ֶ˼βԭңȴҶ㿪ˡȻûзŭǳҵϡ
Ҳ֪ԼʲôѾйһеķ˲١̾Ϣţֱ׽סˣҪֻ²סԼԶһ䲢أһ
˶Ĭ·һ룬ҺȻеԾȺãϲ˸²ɣ
ϴҲԡ
Ȼðôһ䣬ֱɶͷԣҲ֪ôӦֻòһԡ֪ǸŮԣȻɴ۾һ޵ӣƯҲΡ
ԳɵΪˣȻԼĲԣܲ澪ȣȴ֪ЩȻվɿı飬һ̲סṴǡ
һкȻͶʯ񡱡
ʲô⴫Ŷ¡ɻع񣬴Ҵ˳ȥһ˻Ҫȥһ£ҲҸ򡭡˵Щڣ֪Ҫʲôˣһô죬һߣô˵ҩǵţǵ˵ôǧһٸ
תͷ棬չƹӡ
˵̬˸360ȴת䣬ʵЩӦ˵ˡ
ƾһŵڣһҲŲסشϡ·ҲûˣôãѾ̵Ӻɡ
ۣǻ˯ݺݵһֱۣĴʹѹһߴվŵɷ鷳ñī
ʲô
ֻдƽճõҩӡ
㻹Ǹ򣿡
㲻ϣֻǵԼõļ
ֽʣһдţһԱʵ˭ʲô
мֻζ˵ұ˵ˣ˵ľͺ˹ȥƺұĳֲĵ⣬ҪҵŪײɡҲ߶ҲûԺ˯ȥ
дԺҽϣ鷳ץҩ
ùҩ˼ۣҲ֪ҩǼ٣Ҫȵ»
ҵЦҲ޷ﴦðɡ
Ȼת㻹ʲô飬һ˵ˣҿûôʱ䡣
ûˣл㡣
һҹңлԶƣηĵſ˴ҹȻŸգȴɵֲסŨŨ˯⣬۾ձϣͳ˯˹ȥ
濴еҩͨĺܣмζҲʶģҲȷʵյЧתͷҪʣͼѾ˯ˡ
ǸˣԼɫһϵ¾ͱ˸Ƶ²þͻɣȻž
̲סǰϸϸֶ꣬ʡջˮΪӣ᲻ΪµĻˮأ

лҪ˵æջҪΣ 
                   66 
ŸɵȲµ磬ۿһʱزԻȡ룬ڳиѨϡγȥѰˣֻϾ̫ӸҴЩ˾ѣֱ
ѨеѪн٣ǿҪסȶ˫ȴڴʱȻ˲ΪһϤһóˡȣе붼뻳УҴ
һᣬļɽԺһȺˣӵһ۵˽ͷǰ·ڲǸӣһһװٸ
¿۵ĺ£һʱЩ졣ȻԼСʦãʦĶŮݡѹĴҲȻ

򿪷ţϻʵ뷿С
ϻʵۿųԲ԰׵ɫõĵôһ̵˶ûУ̫ҽأҴ
ҲЩ֣ػϣҽɳȥˡ
ҽȴǳһߵ֮ڣֻμ˲٣һʱ˷׷ײĿ
ϻʵ۵ǲ⣬Ϊָĸ̫ҽķӦЩ֣תͷ࿴ۣ뿪ѯʣ̫ҽСŽͨͨȫ򵹵ϣ̿֡Ͼ˴죬̫үûʵ٣ܲľս
ϻʵһӣ̫ҽŴűľǰȥûϲصˣ̫үˣ 
һһզģ΢ɲü
һ⻰æ̫ҽԼȥ֪ûӵͱһס˽һ˵ĻС飬㿪˳ؿڵ˴һײ֪Ūʲô
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ϻʵţʡĵĶӣʲôʱֺߵˣ
ȴһ˼ӣѵΪű̵ģ
˼תȴֻһĲɵӣ۹ⲻʱƮ⣬ڴֺǲ
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ˡ
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ۿ˿ںѿˣæҽҽأ
ȴ˴Ӧǳһ⻰ȻʵҲˣ
ǣղŻӿôҲĹءƽ֮ãҲųţСĵڲࡣ
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Լӵɫӣʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷ㲻úˣͣ˵̸ȻѾ䵽ĶУȻ˲Զ˰ɡ 
ӵ˼˵ģ̫ӸлҪҵ𣿡
ԭУȴûˡˡֻӵˡ˵䣬ĿûɵֲŭǰûڡγԼӵˣߣܻȫ˶Ūˡ
ԳƵЦţֻЦ˵Уȴ಻ԣ˵ӵˣ˭
ڱȻ֡û˵꣬Ȼɴ˫ۣŵĿųУԳԵصѡѵ˵ƹӾǡ
ңЩ㣬顣ҲúûףȴҵĴ
ǰ̫һʱֽţʱѹˣһߵġ
Ʋһү䵽йҲδܺúñ¾֤δͬٷ֮ǰҵܾôͿİͻȥӦҪȫٷˡ
̴ӶŸõҩȴ⡣Ӻò׾Ҳ֪ʲô飬ϺϲǲҪĺáԼҲһңǸĲƷүȻͨͨƹһˣȻ˵ϻͦģʵ̫Ǹʲôʲô˰ɣӣҲʵολйүԼúúá

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лҪ˵ٰ٣ȡ㡭
Ƽһƪġ֪byҹ˴ԽɵģĿǰnpȤĴԿûᣬڸС
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ſţһУϸԭһλ˼ңЩ졣Юųɣŵһ¡
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ЦɣӲ˵ģǹԹµĺá
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ˣ㲻ܶ䣬Ƕǰһĸ֣˵ǧһҲ֣ôӵóȥ
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ǵҸԵҩ֪ûУд˶˹ʱ˵˴˶ٵҲΣɱԼЦ
ⶾһ֮󣬾ͻָƽڵ״ȫôҩϻк쳾Ĺƶû⣬ٶһֶҲ޷
Ƕ룬ȴ֪ܹ˹磬㲻øأӳȥĻ͸ˣȥԺҪȴԶ
뵽˴ȻӦλ˼Ҳǹе̫ҽԶΣԼһ档
Ȼ֪ʱԣһ̲סʵ̫ҽǴ̫Ӵ֪̫ˣ
̫ҽƺû뵽һʶһʱ֮ԭء
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ܾʲôطԾһŷ֣ԭЩӱܣһŵӶûУǻһ㣬ֻ֪еĽΧסҴǳ֣һ仰û˵̲סĴһˣֻһۣЩסˡ
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߽ʪĵΣû˲۵СݣȴǱж죬һŨصȳζ֮ȥҲ֪˶캦顣
ƵߵֻеԵĻѷ΢Ĺ⣬ǰ·뵽ͱԶǱбЩСС˺ֻۣʲôѹĿڣ˴ҲԽĳء
һ󣬾ϤĺȻЩ΢ȴĺ˷ܵĴԶԶľͿһѩ׵Ӱһִβͻţٶ̫죬ֻһĨӰ
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Ƕһתͷݺݵųɡ
һ²ؼӣҿûŰԼԵġ
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ֻǸ֪ˣȻʺָӡȴһ㷴ӦûСֻǾ˵һߡ
üЩżԽԽÿˣ̫ԴˤɽºҲʹˣƸҩ
ͷ˻ȥһۣ㻹ҵǺαأС㣬ȻᱻЮ֣óˡֻ߻Ҫ˲С
е򲻰ţ۾ֻųɻ֮ˡդЦСëͰӴȥˣп㡣

ڵϣͷֹסսţҿ׵ǸӡԼűŪѣ˵Юֵµ飬һŴĲ˿ֱᶼûƽ
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룬һЩҲǺõģ˵ͷֱ̫ҽϲصȥˣɲŷӦһѵòôⲻǿˣ


лҪ˵ѹգȥˣԾû
ؼңҲû
Ҳ룬롭 
                   68 
̫Ӹ󣬾Ȼ˳ȥ̽ɱϾ磬Ҫôסңʧٵû̱𣬾һʱ嶯ɱ̫Ӹȥ
һСĵЩʧ»ѣڱɡ
ƹѦȡֻɫЩ֣ϲǡ
⼸յദ֪λƹףҲƹپ¶ı飬鲢򵥡
ûѯʣѦȱѾ˵չӣҸյʺҩ̵һҩ澹ȻİǣҾЩΣӿһ¡
һ˵ţһСĵĴǰ½ȡһõֽ㣺Ϊ˻ɣֻԭġһţԭȵҩ˴ȥˡΪҩϼζҩֻʺòУԲܽϣǲԸ˷֡
ȡҩſһֽۣ˫־ƵĲḧֽϵ֣һһƺҪǿСȻġĸɿԿ˵ıʼϤҩⲻԼƳķӣдû뵽ȴϡ
ʶ߶ţһԵѦȻûʧ̬ӣЩĵʵչӣǴзʲô
Ҫش𣬺Ȼ뵽һ¡õӣѵʲôΣգ
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Ѧ͵ϢҲǳһ᣿
ʼⷽӣһдֻյءϢģ˫ֽһ֪Σգȴʲô¶˵УϿɣĥġ
ʱɳ̽˻ˣ̾ͱ뷿ڡˣѦȴ˵ȥ
ƵĿⶢţ̽ӶЩֲ֧סûȾͻصۼ˶ӵĸۡ
һֱȥıʵȴǲĵһ飺Ƕӣǳɣ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣Ҳסˡʱͱųɸ϶ȥȻ֪βܽȥɵȣȴܲˡ

²ŷɳ۵ſڣͼһӰΡΡ˳
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޷̫ҽԺ̫ҽ֮ǰ̫ӸϣԵһ档
֮ǰ̫Ӹԭȳзкܶ˵ģԼ˳ȥ˾һԱˣͿй֮
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뵽̫ҽ̧ͷֱµи֮룬ϣҽ԰Ҹæ
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̫ҽԭͶһǸΣҲĴ˿ȷû͵СĵĵһλṫӣòҿڣôûôƯˡҲ̫֣Ἦأ
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Ѿ֪µҽϰߣ̫ҽԸ㽫ڻźŵŮǲ˳
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ֻǣԽˣһܴܡϸĲϲһȦɴһ㱡ϸС飬ĽëͶһӰȴǲסµĺӰ촽ΪЩѣۡ
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˲۽ǵ飬ٴɵɻУ߶ĬţֻϲңһֵᷢġƴߣưοȴֹסˮȾʪ

⼸նµķԸԴϵ˿Ѻ˸߰˰ˡΪ˻ɣ¶ǴŶһö֮ҽš̱æĴ̽ϢرЩٿصˡ
ϵ˺õĲ࣬ȴǱʱҪ硣֪ʱûΣգǡ뵽̱Ծľͻľᣬ˵𣿲ܵģô᣿
Լӣֻһüһְڳһ۵ĲС
УҪȥ仰һƿҪſڡ
һУ仰Ҳ֪˶ٱ顣̵ǰ˵ٴΰ˳ĵţӣɲȥȥֻƹӸΣա뿴ԣһ˿ֻƹӵ滹ûţѾ
û˵꣬;һ󺮷ХŹι̧ͷͶĳ˵æָ̧ԼӣȻʽϵģ⣬˵ˣƹһꡭ˵ų˳еɫƺתƵƣĵصǣҲ֪ӵΪˣһƹ΢˵һ㣬Ҳ۲ǣ˵ٵȸõʱ
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Ƴһۣ֣Ĵû
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ͷ˼˻ᣬ˵ͷҲá

˳ɼգԼ۶㵽˶öᱻ֡ȣԱ
ڴ˯Ժ䣬űߵۿȥͼɿϻһɫý˿ż
æ֪Ҫʲôá
Ҫ˵ȴ۹һǰת
ͷȥŷؿڵ첻֪ʱˣٿ򣬾ͼ״ĵԴ
½ͷҲ̧ʵҺ£
ϵĳ׵ϣκȥ
Ȼⰲŵ̬ȣ̾£Ҳûбİ취ۿû뿪㣬ֻߵ·ְһߡ
ŶˣദԽãھʾԽࡣ㾿жܣڴȹգЩΣ
л¿ޣϧĳֻѡ
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궼ͬһɫǡɻ˵һ룬ŴƳңȻûϢ
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һ󣬵һ羰续֮أƺپĽ⡣һĺˮɢ˲յȡͣһҾɵĻȴɭޱȡֻųƣ֪ҪģȻǷˡ
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ϳʹֻ§סҵֱԽԽ˫ŶĳУȻαƵЦݣеıȴôҲڸǲס
Ƿ׵ߣ»Χһɱֱ͡߶δ뿪ҷֺһ㣬ţûзſҵֱۡ
ԱŲŲ̿ҧҵĶŲ֣ɱ
ʲôòϻһֱ߱𣿡
ϵŭɫһţ˵ĲǲҡŪҲǲѡ񡣡
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ܲڶ룬תͷȥȴǲϾ޵Ŀ⡣
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ֵܶ˶ȻϵԳɸô޼ɵĴңԶʱȴЩΪ
ۿŶ˿ҪץɫáһűĿУһƱѵѵֵۣҺһô
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ֻȥˣƵġҿɼǵãԶ̹СͲôá
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εĿռ˴ˣƾδڷ˿óĿϥϡľζƮɢڿУˣҲҩҩЧû˾
΢ĵһ£ԭ˯ŵ˲һ䣬΢΢۾ãת˺һᣬŶ׼ҵֿ죬ɵЦȴ͸Ź棬Ȼһ˲ʧ
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ðκٴοڣ۾ֱųһǣƵĹϵڳЩ壺ǴСһ𳤴󣬸ôãΪʲôҪôʧ٣Ҳ㼱ˣأһʾʹĸҿ飬һ죬ȴ涼ʲôƨֵ꣡
ȻؿȺ̫࣬޹аĸʬ̧类ؽĲӡĸһƬϣ۾ɵԲԲģȫѪ
һ仰ĸ͵ʲô
Щ˵ĹūţƽﱰϥԭĵĻ쵰
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䷽ȻĹҪ֢ҩЩ𣿼Ȼÿ춼ҪѬƣϵӦҲմɣϸңһѣֻ¶档
취߳۹ⲻԾ䵽ڴϡ

һĹصУֿʼչѰϷκΪĿʵ̫ԡ
ǸһƬˮԶͿһƬˮĽһֻɫèˮڸͣҪҵ˾;ںӰϡ
ͻῴ׽㣬еѾǼֲ֡
⵽һߣмƳ򲻿ĿӾˣû˿ĲȻѾʧ̬Ҳǵ˵Ļ
ɫٹһܵĶģ塣űѾʴɫǲʵس쳨š
վ˻ҲȤһûлȥĴ㣬㲻𣿡
á
ָָϵ㣺ô
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εķ˷ۣΪθڴԺԼÿζûóԡſɶİëһ˰ɲԾؿʼĥݡ
յػۿžߣǰצȻץɡ
Ԥ֮£ɰ죬ûü˻һӰһͬվŵĳɣȫʧһ˲ֳһԶ
ĻצƮƬɫʸĲȻ
˱˺ѵ°ڷңһ˿̵顣ߵŭŸʲô
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ȷȻòᣬߺŵëҼסб¾ͱ
ұЦ⣬ǿڳһӣ¼ȻΪǾ͸źһֻһʶˡҴǣҲûط·Ŷԡ
㣬㣬Ҳܹ´ٷһºݻȻת߿
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һ߽Ĵ˾͵Ȳ°סͷɴ¶һ毺õݡһԹѿڶôȵΪʲôҽг
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Լ˼֮УûзݵɫԽԽڣҲܲסɵӣһһ˦䣬ת˳ȥ

ȣǿƯ޵֮ݽ鲻̫ãܾûʲôһ˿
ر㣬ЩϤȴôҲ벻ŬȥĽǴһЩԶҲĻ棬ҡҡͷ뷨˦Ժ
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̼ǵñݺݵѹצ֮ʱǷݵսľСĺˣԶˣ͵תײײʱ·˻ȥ

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̫ţҲýֱ궯򣺡Ҫԣ𶯡ֱֹͣԹĿҡ
аЦϣȻаôҵȻҲ˶Ըİ취˵ǲǣСɻүҶŹ㡣ҪԶ
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ѽе˸šԭû뵽ƾܵİ취취ѾԶţҲξš
һɾƤЦⲻЦضųУ˵ִ֪ݣʧԶӭʵܸպһʮҪ֮£Եˣֲɣ
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ɵ̹ȻȳлҪȼһѾʼͷԷͣеĺܣֻ֪ү๴ᣬ֪᲻ƫ̻㡣
ƶȻһһ˫˵ӺȻתΪסɣлشվ⵽ǰվ
˭йᣬֻе֪˭ģУȥ길ǳ̫죬㲻𣿶λרŵȺһƵģôɾͰѸκˡµһ𣬺Ѳɡܣ˵ǲӦòһ飬Ȼ߸أ
Ҳڰеңʲôֽ֤֤ţ粻統꣬ͻ֢ƽ㣬Ӳڸߣȥ֪ʲô
Ҳô˵˵Ҳɣԭп˽ãǡú룬ֻ½Ҳ˵ʲôǸġ
Գᵽү֣оҲסˣ伱ȴǿ͡ʱ⽫ǴϽȥԲߡ
֪֮ǰ˱һӻûйֱԼĵ䣬ԸôߡûڳԽ
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˲˵ղΪ𣿻ϧߣҲ񣬶ˡ˵֪үѾǵУ᲻ܸˣòˣһܸˡ
һѸݵӰζɵѱһѾ𣺡ҽ㣬һëģգȴ·ιһµĺ硣ٱһƬһ˪
ɵĹж࣬סҲ֮СۼƹŸоһǣȴǲغߵ˵ͲҿɲԸ۾֮
۾ЦϳеգɤȻתΪᣬҪҪһ£
ɵ۾һӵɴеƣ˺вңͲƴƣܾ𣿡
Цһԣվһߡ
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ҲðգöԼҪðաʱֻбֵĶԽ⣬ΣղԽС
ȻĴѾáǳĸҶһУôƴԼҲҪȳˡʮ꣬Ǹķ§ŻݵʱѾ⣬ΪģΪһУҲһĻ⡣

ţŲѾȥԶˡٴߣΪڵĹƶƺֳ˷ǣֻ»ûߵſڣ֪ðͻɴ⬡ò״ͷ˽ҩܶͶӭжˡ
߳صĴű͵ƿ˽ϿϲŭҲ֪ղûС
ȾƵĵһۡڷ͵͵ϢȻСĴҼۡ
㡭ûˣˣҿ϶֪ĳλٶܼδ̼ҪȥˣȻʵԶúܶࡣ
˵ͷǻش𡣿ɫԶûʲôùӳԡ
ּļߣϸҵı飬һҪЩʲô㲻𣿡
ƳһۣûаҴߡ
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ΪǡҪߣͻϡĻȥȻϾͻһͨѹ˳ؼ̳дͳҵļֵڴ˰ɣвһڹ
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еĵȥ֮ǽľȡ
ȻҲпܶλ¶ϣôΨһܱסλٻԶ¶ԣһºܹϧһѾǸĳ档
˵̲ס뼥һ£ڸ̫ĳ֮ʱһû뵽Щɣƺôҵʱ䶼ˣû׼һ̾нˡ£طٺú˯һɡ
װģش̾˿֣Ƴ⡣ߴҴӹϣȴͣһ̡
ҡûɣоȻ͸װ׵ľʧ룿
ֱ׽סղ˳ƿ֮С
ᣬҿóϲ㣬ԡˣеطҲĿŵѲҵĸϡģҾȻ˵
̼Ȼֹ̧ͷɵؿңԣһʼ֪ݣôˡҵĳŶԡ
⵱ᣬڳԼ֡
˵ֻǼ裬ųΪʵһ졣֪̫ӺͶУһҪｭɽҪ
Ϸʵ촽û˵̧˸ƣ˳ſڣȴڲһ˲»ֻԶҲȥ
Ŀ뿪תصУ򷢷ҺͿΪʲôҾãƺҹִЩ
                   75 
Ĵϣͣͣ״ƲĿԵĽ־ʵעԶԶ׺ԼһӰ
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Ҽɽ֮֡˫գѾȥʱɻĿ־壬Ժܶ鶼ǽȥ졣ֻ˵һĿȫǵŮʬ䶼ϣһǶԾ͵طˡʼմʣļƣ׾ء
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ҩ룬ųš߹һսǣ䲻ܳһһֱֱµۿҪء
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ͤԹȨĸˣ˵ȴһЩҳϻʵ۵ٳ˷ѣԾͽԼ֡Ȼ齻ǾͺãܺͶ˵Щֻᡣ
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м˼ҿ̾˿Ӳϣ˶óҲ֪ʲôʱܺͽ⣬ֻζ˵ҪԽԽҲźá
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ֵ۵Сۣһ侪òƣֻЭǸݶŮ˾˵Щʲôȴ֪ǸݶŮ˵Ӱûô˼ֻһʱѪѡ

ңҲȥ˼ĿųɣڿЦɣϧʵڲ˵ѡ
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ĵӣƸڶͷϣдŵƶˣޱȡ
ǳĵһͷȻŷӦԼڱ˵ϡ˫ĽɨġϵһŲЩ
ǰȻɰתֻǵ¹⣬һʱ֮ҲӦֻ۾һſ
ڵҹգƲ㱻紵ɢ͸кˮĻƵ⣬Ұ硣
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ϸϷֲһѪӣ̲һϣֱգҲͬһطԼй֮޲

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˿ҵأһͷȥȻµûȻÿ䶼ɨˣŲ鲻Ը˳
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ԶĻں䣬Ҳ˵ڡ
סң°͵ҵļϡ
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ɡ
׹ûʵɷңʲô̫ӣʲôүġЩŭ̧ͷעҵ˫۵ң׿Щûң
һ񳴶Ƶִּ࣬ķһȫ˳ĵȵ˳ֱҲ֪Ǻá
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ѽǸʲôţѽǸĶԱһ㡱֮ۿԽԽİ֮ķ֣롱ˣร
¶ģҲӱԼĸ顣ǣ浽һ̣ȴֿںڣ³
ԭǸɵۣҵɫ˫ۻѤɫʣңл˵ס۾гһ˵һֹסزţ⣬Ҳ϶ҪЦ
ЦùˣЦҶ˼̲סļ
΢ü۽ȫϲǷ
ţ͵ĻǣôЦôթתһ룬̾Ѿ֡׵õȫҿǷ࡭
Ȼ¶ɫȻٺЦΪ㻹ǣŰˡ

ҪȻôΪʲôһ˷ֹˣߣһﲻǳ룬Ҷʡ͵ĵƣҸϣ͸ڰ޳ƵġҵҪллܣҴôһһ޶Ļᡣ
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ԶԶĸƼĨӰŵ̷
Զû¡
һᣬǸѾǰԶЦõĿռԼλãһë׵ԴʽԭĻ
ôˣ
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ԶҲˣתҵע⣬æҺˣǵҲˣ˲ɣ
͡ĳλмĳ
ԣⶾҪҷãȻΪǰ滹ǺһˣԹԵǰ棬§ҵ֡

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סһű˳šòŵҲŷԼû⡣һֱƣҾͷȥ
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ǣü˼ãԭͺѰ˼ҵֵһȡֱĸԺ󣬲Ž
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ֻ˵㲻ĸʹĸԩҪһС
§ҵֺȻһѵüƲԼ͸ŭȻô˵Ȼֵ֪ܵز
йһֽͨʵ㣬㲻ɣ
Ȼš 
˿ɻǲ̫ĵص㲻棿
е㣬ǿӣԸ˵
ЦŵǲԸ漰Ҳ֪ʹΪΪãڿ˰ɡ
ȻǼҵ˽£Ǿ͡
Ҫ㡣
ðɣԤС
Ժʲô¶㣬ͬģҲҡȻ˼ǣı
һһͿʼˣҳϷ࣬Ͳ𣿡
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ҺϷʱһ֪Щ¶һȥԺ󣬸ʲŲġȻֵƽյ˫ֺ΢׵ָڻǳ顣
˫ʾοѾõͷֻص˹УҲǸοĸˡһЩȻܺĺĸΪʲôɴɱ㣬ȴˣ
Ҳ벻ףĸϵĶҩӦֻ˲УȴֻĸųܲסԭҲ㺦ˡǸɺ֮ˣɶǣ˳ȫġ
ͻȻЩҩǴģﻹͬ𣿡
ǷݳӣЦصԭôңô򵥵ĵ벻ˣǲǾͽң룬鶼ȥôˣͬҸջѾˡ
˶ֿյصϧЩҩֱڶûüĿ
飬ܻ鵽ġ֮㸸ʳڶԶӵĹذûа߳ɣŻ᣿
ͷɣȻǸ͵ҵĽ̫ˡ
أǲҲԶˣ
Զ̸ϣҪ׽Ҳ׽ˡ
˵㹬һ죬֪𣿡
ףŴ۾һԾӣʲôʱ£
ڴĸǰһ졣
üãšһ뵽ʲô
ôˣ
Ҫ㡣
ңʲôϵˣ
˭㲻׵ĵɽ£ҸײǽѰӣһģԼ˲ϣﻹ˵˱ˡ
ȼ䣬ȴ˵ȦˣǸġϣ͵͵صɵϡ
ҵĶصϡ漴ֵôһ·Ͼˣأһûȫء
ԶȻǡҴڰϸһԶ
Ȼˣǵİȫ˱ϡźۼǱسɸУұԶд˹ȥ
мûм·ԶƵƵͷЩ˾ƿ͵ķ緶ٶһ󣬺òãһᣬһᡭ
ֻ֣ⶾ
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                   79 
һ˵ӪأŻ̫ҽԭӦûԼӪʣԶһ£Ҿ͸ȥ
˸յԶͲˣƵƵǰ棬ŰĽй̫ҽԼΡ㱻˰˫۾˲Ҳ˲ؿֻԿһۣȫͷŵҽϡ
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ҵɴ۾ֻпհһƬ۾ȴʪˡȻֵϣһů˲αȫ
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͵ۿԶ˿ڸҩ̫ҽҿüһۣζʮ㡣վһզզͣȥҲͲʱסԶߡֻ͵ػ֣ϲӬƵذϵԱߣɫʱί
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תͷǳǳһЦӳҵӰ
ʱſһɧһϸ𣺡ϼݵ~~
˲бŵԶ֮⣬˶ڵءһƣݷϻʵ˽һ糾ں󣬿һѰ˵Ķոջ
һڣĵĿֱʵʣȺݺһۣȻճסߵˣֻǲɨȴڿʱͣһ£кâһš
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ҡҡͷûлش𣬽˽ԳӪȻŭ˳ɡֻ»ȥҪЩѣҪͷ»ǱǵĵĺãһҲ͹ȥˡ
ϻʵʹԶƣԸֽйҽһűһ˵ȶ˳һ档
߳۾ȻЩԭһڣ춼ˡһֺ籡ѰնȾ˺ɫɵģŸеŨص⡣͵ſڣͱҽͬˣҲʵûбĽ

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ԶȻֳһ϶⣬ڵηۡ˴Ǹˡ
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ǰ׹һžһƺһ룬ʹ˿ûмᣬƤȴ

ŵţİηֻͷȼһѣߵõڲ١
Ĭţùùòڡһȥͱùѵһ٣ѵĪùò۰ԼΪʲôʲô飬Ǹ˾ͶζȻûõʲôǾ̲ס˹
ϧӰûϵùò书ԼӦÿԿٽһɡ
ǰľѾǼһ𾪿ݵˣȵʦǸ꾫ʱ졣ס죬㾪
˻ڰ߲ǽϣһֻƲͷ΢΢ʹšԼΨһξĹùãСزϺʪĳ˫ϵȥǲ԰׵촽ѵˮһǣ漴ԺˣһԼû֣Ȼһǰ룬Ŵܵһ೤С
ڵһоξʵҲֲ˫Ȳغˣһڽţߣߣ
תѰʱ·Ѹ˳ȥҪúһ룬һ롭

                   81 
غûκܾãΪʱĻͬһˡƺѾûôˣҲȷʵһ͸ȫװһԵ֧䣬ҾôعǽϣȫƤżӲȦֱʱŸе˵ۡ
ҪҰѪģϱȻ˺üλãҲһֵĵط
΢΢üЩص̫ˡ
س˳ǣȻ仰ܿЦ
ڷתָҵľϣרעİĻ£ı鿴òС
쳾ȻᱻѹƣЩȣҲǣֻݲͬ
ȿȣ﷢ĺóҪ˵ҽһǱȽ
һЦȻЩŮķ飺쳾ҵĶȻƲҩôа취̽ô˵ղźȵĶó
ҲƲҩ𣿡ĵ׺ȻӿССĵ⣬ǵ˵ֻҪ̽а취ⶾ
ϺȻ¶һ˿ƲʾҲСֻǣһССĺ֢
е΢ӦһˣھȻƽ͵η̸˵أ㲻ڣûдǹལ
һֱиʡ
ѵã㲻˵
ΪʲôҪأ
ǣûлش
ûϵһַʽ㡭ҵĸ
һĬֱΪͬشȻޡֻǣôһɡ

һֻʳУżеĵ·ԺȥȻ֪Ǹصη⻹һηȥ
ǰ֣ܵСݡǰյվһŮӣУӰЩӲ
СĵһǰûڣŮ͵ת˭ϣԵۣԵûҶ
һԳԵصǡҡ˵䣬ߺפϡǰգλֵò̫죬ŵͦڵġ
ע⵽Լʧ̬æת۽ǣһ߸ϵɫô
ҸЩʳ
˻ҵ˼ݴһܵĶǰҩ𣿡
šжȻصͷ
Һһȥɡ
شݱһת·Сֻÿ첽ϡ

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㣬ҳοЦЦҲ֪Լϻ᲻մʲô㻹ԶȽϰȫ
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Ǽ䳱ʪƵηϹźıҲûǨŭκˣһº͡񲻼ãȴҪǿԼǸԼӵо֮ȣ
üҧҧ꣬ƿиǣķʳһԵ˳ȥĵǴ𣬲һء

򻹺𣿳ûΪɣ
һʰ꣬һбһۣȻֱӳƺĵµĴвǻصţæű飬˲ҼΧתˣֻɭϣҲ
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ҲؿֽŶ֪ڣյҡˡС뿪ҵߡ

лҪ˵ˣǺáþò 
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Źһ찲ȵӣٴγη
ϴһĥȥ亹͸»ӡ֣ѾιȥΪʲôܸܵ׶ĵʹ
һ㣬Ƭ촽ҵģ˱š֪ΪʲôҲϲָо޷ѣָһС
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Σֻһĵ̾Ϣįٵȵȣþͻˡֻɱһĺӣ쳾ͳˡһȻĸӣǿɰ
ѪҺһ㣬ŷ·һݺݵͱ࣬˺ѵʹ˲ϯȫ͵һ۾
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΢΢ѵ촽ҵȷŰɣ棬Щ㡣
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㣿ˣԭ졣
񡭡е㡣ҲҵԣӦûûô⣬¶ҪõķŶԡ
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ǲƺĲǵüලˡЩұǽҡҡλվֻǿʵйġ
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ŵɨ䣬ǳı˺ϵĲˣȷʵҲĺۼˡԽԵԽǲлһˮ
Се㷢աûҿǽֱǽڵֻмľ룬ںеԶ
ʵ֤Ӧٶ˯һȽϺá̤һžͺ޻ƵȥֲڳʪǽڸûпץεĵطһĲȣϥǺݺײϵ档ǰֻһƬڣ漴ľ

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鲻ã˸ˣԸԵ˼Ҳˡƣߡ
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Ȼӣҹһص˶ûС̱һͷͳߴͷţʼ۲ǽϵ
ΪһĴ̿ͣ಻Ϊ֪£ڻҲвǳоضļש£ǶǽԻ¶ڡ̱Ե۾
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κһʱڶ졣һ¼ε飬̱С̤˽ȥеӨ׹к£ʹСķ䣬ԼԳЩʵ̬

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ȥһ۾ͺãû˯ÿԸѾ˯ˣֻգٰһѾǡ
·ߵ⣬ȻЩԾȻԭȵӣ͸Ź졣ϸ룬ƺȱˡеζ
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ԼͰĸۡ˴ɱȻŭҲ룬ڱ䣡

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ԶԶĿһӭҪɽһ࣬Ҳ˲һ˳ȥɱδ̱׼ʱһķ
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ʮֵıǸȶˣżúֵġ
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ҪſϺȣһòӦҲֻǶ뾲š
ڻ̲סתʵؿҡһһֶ룬һĶЩˣæֱҡҡλΣȥ
СˡҰÿЩ
ǿźòײֱˣȻκġյߣҲʶԼ˲ȣֻƵȥھͺȹˡ
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ѹԶѾϳȥˣﻹЩľζӵű𣬻¡ˣŸҰԼĿֻűֳȥ֪ҹҶٴΡ
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ϴ߳䣬ϵŮңҲһ˵ʲôҲûֻúܹǲιۡ
˵ҪȥԣһϤӰӲԶæѦƹ񡣡
תͷԴƹѦȡûҵݣƺû뵽ᱻϳϻ˿ȣ´ңüʵλǡ
ϵҲҪֻҪϵҵͳɡ
ͷ˼һ͵̧ͷǾϲɫ㣬ǡ
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ظչӵģ㱨һЩ̽õ鱨û뾹Ȼܹǰ˵ûѣҲҴţڡǵɨۡ
ģⲻǺܺ˳·ȥɡ
ƴǣҵ˳ȥ˳һЩ¡ȻҲ֪޲ԣ޲
 
                   88 
ӻʹĸرһϣһһ񣬲ܵС񡣸һΪ߽ҩֻ̣Ĳҩ֮࣬ȴһҩԶԶȲϵġ
ǰоʲôֱһ̯ĹżϷһСһö۵Сӡһ߽վӭǿҩͲӰ
ʲôѵжô񣬾Ȼ߽û֡
һҩӣҲжģǲҪˡ˵õˮ©Ҳǿóаϧ
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ɡ
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ʾԿʼˣѦƹ㽲ֻ㱨ϢĺܣʵڲʲôҪϢûʣƤû˯ˡԺ䣬˰ұŵ˴ϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãҡѡԼȻԷĴϣ⿴˿ʵأ
Ѿˣ˯죬Ҿû㡣
֮ǰŸѣô˯ˣͷ˰죬ǾЩԾ
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ʱһۣصʱҪߡ
ҪȻõ㣬ȻԹԵظߡ

Ŀ뿪ӦԶˡصȡֽʣд¼ĵơźҵŮ̽ͷţʵʲôóʦˣαػҪд
ЩģԴ¥ص룬ǲǿ鷳һˡ
Ȼظ֤˵ʵڵģǼҵջû˵
ҪϲͶЩɡȡӣ뵽ԼûС
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ˣʣ˵޷
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һõģʱ䣬һİ취Ҳ㣬ġ
⣬˻һۣ˶Էе˼˭Ҳû˵Ψϰϰ紵е

                   89 
ɫϴټͥԺһһԶֻܿһЩģӰӣҲЩʳΨһܿǼֻ˸ŵҹⱭӨ͸˵Ư
ҪԷȴԶгľһ⣬һСɽһӰЩʳϷֻɫͫ׷˵ļ͡
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ǰĻ棬üϸţǰôأ 
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ԶױƵ͵Ҵߣſ죬˽ˡϲ̵طȥ
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ĺ䣬Ҳ֪ʲʱҾͱĲ˯˹ȥ

ǱԽѵģ۾Ϳ׵ɫҪͣˣǳľţҵֱۻڲֱű͵͵˿ƺмʱ
žЩŭʣô˯
Һܾ𣿡
Ҷ˵ȥҳУȥ˵ѾˣҲѾϳȥˡ
ЦԲ㵣ˡ
ϣָ΢΢ϵܾ黹ûȫȥ
ҴȤˣǲΪҡ
˲串ֻܵĹһҡ̧֣ǿڵҴˣͶȻ˵Ƿˣһٳͷİۻⲻ˵ġ

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˵ԲˣΪҵƫƫҪдЩ 
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⽥ɢ˱ůů
Դȥɡ
ز붯ҡҡͷȻ۾ŷ۽һԵࡣҲҵ쳣ƺʱæŵĶ˿ȥ
ҳԳʵԶ
ȥصͷĩֵֻǣһСᡭ
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ôˣ
˵Щ̫Ծ
Ц˵ʲôҲͲԾ𣿡
ҲǡһʱֻöƣһҪھʲôƵġ
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šڤ˼֮С
˵ǲࣿ 
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Ҳôãû˶٣ԼǲԸ⶯һġԭߣֻǡҲûľЪҲЪ˷ЧԣҴ߰ɣ
üǰֻɵԲۣͭҵ𣿡
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ҵͷȴû˽˵ɫʲô˼
ƾóĽţҲͷЦ㿴ţҲűȽϷġƤĽɱһƻңǿҵġ
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һؿǲЩǿˣҪԼɡ վҲϵվʼǰߡ
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һһнԶʧģСһѣһΣԵĺҶʱסӣ׼׵ˡԲ԰׵ɫЩɵصϢһ١
ҡͷˣҹζ࣬ھߡ

ԭǼ飬ӰЩء
̱ܾ·Ҳ˼һײһ½ʵǽ֮ϡ
ôͻȻͣˣ
ʣµİ仰ںУķƺ˻ֻһͻȻԤʾؽҶУ
̱ԽԽǲԣҪתȥѰȴһҧ°ڣǿǰȥ٣Ҫɡ

̫ӸŽɭϣССĺҲ⡣νɭϴԽԡڳ̲ࡣԣƽ߹УͨȴЩİʱ˭Ҳûж⡣һжʮˣһ½˳ȥٷɢûȺ֮С

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һѼŮڲԶۿȥȴһڵŮӣһͷĽ·ߵؤָֻţıӰȴЩϤ
ؤһۣû֨һǲмءޡһһŨ̵ĽűߡŮˣ̧Ⱦߣ֪ؤҲһ˹ȥ̵Ǹвӣ巺𣿡
еɻʢһûڣͼһתָҵıӵȻǲȥǾȥ
ȴҲʱŮӣȻʧٵݣֻϣ˿մһ۵㣬Ѳ
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ȴɢĲˣNNУһƯİ̤ɵĲӣſڡҲֻдһɫ£ڷ߸𣬳ĵԽĴݰףӢüĿ
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Ӷ·ߣܿһʿ͸ʵĴɴԶߣüһĨɫɼ֮ȥ
ϥϵֲ֪ʱճȭͷۡҪǷҲˣԼĺӻɲҪ̫¡
ڣӦòɡ
ӽнԶȴ᲻ջߡһΣҲˡ

󲻾ãʹһ̤ò̫ƣǶӳɡͬǣ֮У϶һһ֪롣
Ҫ뿪ȴһòƽŮӣͣܲԶǻһ˵Ľɵö࿴һۡ
һۣ˲Ѱ֮ǸŮϸϣϵһ龫µĴ֪ͬٴΣ͹ڳе䣬糯ͬһ飬֮ᵽϣͬһ飬ҲѲ˸ϵ
ŮƺԼǰһüָȥ
չֽǣһƧĵطǰȻԳһ°ɫСΡŮӸ˵˾ʲôͼһֻӨϸݵƣڵĲ᣻¶һͨİӣֻ
߻ƣֱǶϵһ˫۾شϡҹλ֮ʱѽ˫۾ӡԺ֮Сδ룬˫۾ˣվͻȻǰ

лҪ˵ȿȣɵɵŵ 
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׽ǲƮһװػͷɨбǸˡǸŮҲװһڲǰĽǣСǿϵӣɺȻ˱һ⽫ٷ
黺ǰֱ˸Уһֻͣʣ²༸ˣǳɵĸתڸ
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ιȥˣܲεúˣ
ӲҪ˺͹ӵԼ³ڳ֮ˣ֪ǲ·ӡ
ƣһ˾ߡҪ˷ԼڵŮֵ̫ױ֡
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ָỮ͵գ续üۡ˼ԡ
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ջϲ֮ռϷ壬ЩǡܹΣڻǻصҵߡ

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ԭȻЩյصң棬ϵָһӣ̧ͷңҶߣҲһ뿪ġ

˳صУľһ龰ڴµĳϣЩʧŴ⡣һϮؾĳۣסӣϥϸһë̺ãҲЩѪɫ
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                   96 
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ͬʱһӰȻۻʪһƬµĵճŭ⸮˳ɡ
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Ͳ׽ˣʱǻĺܣ˵ʲôҪŪ֡
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˳·ʹƫţͳԶ壬˳СԶ߹ҵһ壬֮йȻͨ衣

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̫ϸɤУӻеŲӣһů֮СӽһԽС࣬·ҲЩ㡣˵룬һ˿޵㡣
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ۿɫߴһƬƵԼ¶ǰ̲ס¼٣ವһ¹˽ȥ
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ǰĹ԰µһ˳ĬĬվšļ佥һƬޱȣһȴѾ˷ǡ
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ʱ䶨ˣǵ֪ͨҡҲ룬뿪飬Ҫ˸ߡ

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ȡ̴ӵ֣ľȻֱֱس̫ӸȥȻòףȴû˸ᡣ
ֱߵǼУĬĬڴ¡ȥǰӣӰӡֻǶ̶̵İգѾͲס˼֮ࡣ߲ɨɫӵϵͷ
һɫĳϣһƬա
ָĻԹ˾µףб治ʲôζΨһ㣬ǾԶκϰֹһ𡭡
̽ͷ̽ԣٳٲҽȥеڴ֮󣬿ɫ֮رһֻͷȻЩȴ򲻸ЦģοЦ顣

ǡ㵽ŤŤڣȴԶԶġ
չˣ
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ûˣҼලɡ
ʲʲô
°䵽˵ϣ۵Ĳ˼飬ԹޱȡԼѾܿˣȻҪԼලϢԣͼһͻһţʱɵ˵

лҪ˵ŰĶŰˣʣβ 
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ǰΪƽȡȻ⽥ǰҳˡۣ֪ʱѾ
ӣͿ쵽ˡҶһԣЩϲص
ƿɫ룬̵۾΢΢ۣ̲סһʱ䣬ǷɡΪڽԵΪϲ죬гŸָζ
һ꾭˺ܶ࣬ٻѷŴĽ־ãһЩηӣۼĺҶһۿеĳʵʵظǺá
һ󣬳ٱУҲ֪ʲô顣ʺҶżҲŵɻʵں棬Ųűߣƿһߡտ崰Σʱסˡ
Ľֵ룬һĶй·Ծó·Թȴ޼һƥ񿥵İһ΢΢Ц⿴ȺںзŵķɫüԶɽĿˮ
ҡҡЩ״εؿڣָָ棬תָԼ
ҶʧӣһϣȻֻ¶ԭ˵ı飬ְĵ˻ȥ۵һŵЦ⣬վʵ⡣
˾ȵ飬һ룬˴šͷϸˣòײתӯӯﲨУŮӵ֮ΪĺҶһۣѹԹôãȴûԼʧٵĴԡ
ҶŴ˵ȴ΢΢
Ŀ͡˴ӵ뿪ӵȺҲɢȥ뵽֮ǰԼҵӣ̲סЦһԼǰ߹ľҲ˶İɡ

뾪̫ˣĴӺŽ³ֻһ磬ӭһůĻ
磬һˡ
˵ʲôεˡ
ϵݻûȥԶЩϸϸǰˣ̲ס޵Ͼʦո߳ҰôҲ
ϰԵһѣûһ񣬾Щ۵صȻˣϵĶǽʱòôʱˡ
ɽȥ˿֮ǰ·ϵԲһþͻˡ
ɵƳһۣҵĻʾ˼ĻɡֻǿԼ¶ı飬ĵ׻ӿʮֹĸоһ̿
ЦûҲ˿һĨȥϵױݣ˿ۻֱǸֵٸһĺҶˡҪѺҶˡ 
ҵͷҶ磬һڡ֪ǲǴܾúҶ꺮ϣһ˲˵ߺ졣
ҩģҪ䷽ԹҲӵе˵ôԶŷ˰ѳĻҳĴ㡣ֻʣļŻѣӦöˡΪڵĶиһ죬ӦڿôΪһϸĻ
ҽݺתͲˣҪƣҲ͸˳ȥ
ʱڵϵһЩ΢΢ЩʧҪǿҪ󣬰ľͲֹһСѶˡҲʮֽʵҲҪڸ̾һʦδʹӢ󡱺ӢˡֲԾ壬Ҳ֪ںǲá

սãֻصůУԳЩģһͷСɽһСƽˣԵĲɣֽ֣ȴûмۡ·Ӧķһ㣬ȻһˣǰС˵˼䡣۾һü˴Ҳһɨ⡣
һֻҴұȻһüӰȡһϸϸĦ˰ΣصزغãŹľĳȼȥ
ֹס˵ֽͨǰԺһˣĵתǼ䷿⡣վ˴һҲЩӣ֪ıȥڵǸˡ΢΢ԳʲôʱԼҲˡֻЩվţŶĶͬʱҲЩȣԭΪԼϢһĿ϶ʦ֣һȥҲһʦ֪֡һ˫ŹʹİԼʲôʱǸֳѾŵʦֵǰ棿
΢ůůϢŵŵܰ㣬ϸСķ϶¶˳Ϥζ糯ƣҲɢȥпճĵطжָоĺܲ
ֻôţȻ¶ЦݡҵŶ롣
һɢڵ˱ƺû˽СĵػϵĶһüΣ˳ĵøΪ޳϶ȣȴҲԵݡ¶ĲĽëɼͶһӰȥеɫ
ڵһ룬˺Ȼͣ˶ڳһַֻ˲Ⱦһ㵭ɫֻüͷһ壬ȥ

Щʧֻúɬ֪ƾնһֻ֣ĴҵıһתͷˣȴһҲΪϵĶЩòס
һ˫΢𱸵۾ңȡһĶְߡһҵıһֿٵһˮŵǰ
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ҪվȴװסһҲ˻ȥ֣Ҫô֡
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֪ʲôæҲǺҳˣϾôûסˡ
Ц͵үһҵЦݻûչЩˡȻҵƣõǰţʵô£
һԵĽۣبġСĴ˴Щ̣ɫҲ
ֺůţ۹Ȼ䵽ϣиֳźԶƵӣȻտյģҺһʶļ񣬴Ψһˡ
΢΢һϽ˽漴˻⣺ǲЩˣů¯ɣ
ˣлϡ
ͷ룬֣ûڣǽһ壬Ѿþûйˡ
ţá
ҴӦǣǣеЦҲԽԽ֣廹һҪ㡣
ȡһһƬѪɫСһӴҵļۿɼٶȻ˴ɫ
̾ⱾǻֵĶ屣ãڿԭˡ
壬ꡭ
֣ˡ嵱ȷʵйһЩͷɲһ֮ȴһ㽫Ͼ·Ǻ²ѡֻ㡭ҪҲźá
ᣬޣϣܸõ츣ա
ҡҡͷȥԷƱɣѻߵ˵±ˣϡ
⿪ӣ˫̽Ҿϸϸšáһֲֻڵ½󣬴ȥָҾߣ֪ĺȻͣĸоƤ룬Щܡ
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ع񣬼æջ֣ǸЦЦ֪;Ͷ٣ԭôһ롭ðһޣֵܶҲɴϥ̸ֿʣ
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ҡͷЦŵִˣȻҾڸڣºҡһ䣬ȴǶ˵ġ

԰صУԡصˮ׼׵·ڳУƯŵɫȵˮĴϡˮ˰ҩɢܰ㡣
ˣſڳرһСᣬ۾ͱҲܾûôĹҲƲסŨŨ˯⣬΢Ъһᣬȴ֪˯˹ȥ
Ҳ֪˶ãߡһ죬Ȼ˱ˮİΧ̲סһ̾ëҲϵˮաű§һůĻ˳ȥ
ʱô⣬ʱ䳤ˣҲŷЩԾæȥ
֣ôڳ˯أ˶ȥˣƺЩá
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ΪʲôӲ֮ģѵֻΪֵ𣿡
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һ仰룬֣֮ôҲԹûһ䡣ɵ磬˲ôƣƱۡˣֻҲĲˣǾܵܵģǷծˡİҲϣɡҿǻʵۣ÷µľҪ¡ԣҵ£ңҲòġ
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ǲǸջ̫ϰߣ
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Զԣе㲻ϰߡţǺЦ
໡һҵע⡣
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ͣλԴ޹գգ۾Ȼ˫ŵֱֻС״תתٺŬؼһţרעӡֿʼѩ
Ȼ˼ٿԣ࣬һ˫۲ңֻصֻʱҶΧ
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ǣ˵˹ôãүţ治˹ģԴԼһ٣빫Ӷ׼
Ѿˣ׼׼𣿡
Ҷ΢̣Ȼ֪Ӳߵġ
ֻд˳ù֮࣬Ҳû˵ʲôʱ򵥼־ͽĸԡ

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㶣ûͷûԵ˾䣺ʲôʱϲҼҺҶģ
ӣҶϵĺƸֱȼԳѵһŮҽģЦһۡ
ϾִƴһѹϲүǰƣԼ˺Ҷһľ͸ˣƤҲĻֱֱ˵˳ʱּүؾү㽫鱨Ҷʱ򣬳ԺҶ㺡
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΢΢Цվ֣ʲôľͲˡȻҶ̸طǡЩˣȸǡ
ֹסʵĺҶֱ˳ȥհźϣҶмźΨΨŵŵĴӦȻã̯ϺҶⱲֻ̧ͷˡ
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ȥһ
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лҪ˵ᡭӦá 
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Ȼһϸĸ߽Уǹ˷ڵŮӣϼݵ
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ֻͷҽȥˣ˵ʲôƣҲӵɽϡӵ̱ԣȻţƤһճһȥˡֻ֪®ڣûԼλá
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