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һ磬ϰͿʼָµæˡ 
ܸܹרµһƲˣԲܳǵ˲үҵ͵ùŴˡ 
ͷŻƣǱߵСѾкˣү¥ϰǻûеء 
ܼ򣬺ݸ̣ٸҪֱ棬ȴֻ࣬һֱ֣˶¥СϽڵķ϶ͼϸ㡣 
¥λģݺɣԶԶģзݷơ硢㡢бɡ 
һֻԽԽģ˿ԪݣٻƮ档 
һ˫٣귽ʮ塢ŮЦĽ߽˿ԪݣһеСǰЦʣҪȲ軹ǳԷ 
ǲܼүԼģôŮЦʱһһЦУˮȪۣ͵ĽŮ 
СһǲܼĿˣϽ үѾˣ϶¥ 
Ȼȵֵóˡ̤˿Ԫݣһװ磬Сһ۱ϳǳġھ֡ھ飬ﲻڵǰкţ˶¥ 
үӣҸôûŮ¥ֻвܼһˣ̲סѿʳ 
ܼ΢΢һתŮ磿Ҳ˺ûмͣʲôʱĺݣ 
ͣ΢΢һЦӦñһյݣ˵˺ͲүΪѣأĸˡûҶѾ˺ݣûء·µ˰ɡ 
ھ˵⣬үԼֵҲйذɣ 
ܼɫصĵζͷ̫ˣֲȫˣʴϣھֽҸϸȥǰңҲ˼Ҿ졣 
ҪϾɱ𣿵ʲôˣ˺ݶͣһϣ޺޵ĵûڣүӣһġ 
үӣ㵽ǵʲôңҲʡ 
֪λû˵ѩ콣ֵܡܼҲ֪Ϊʲôң˵ʵ֮ǰҴû 
ûΪΪơھүӲȥ֡ 
ܼҡͷȥƱ֣ұ㲻ôˡ 
ͣԼŭҲ̫˰ɣ 
С׵¾ͲҪ㿪ڱȽϺãУҪ̫ôûŮĻ޲ȥġĿͻȻڡ 
ͣƢǱ꣬һ˳ȥһƲûʲôֻҪ˶ѡ 
һΣƮƮһƣ΢Цүӣٶ˰֣úʣҲҪͷϵġ 
㣬˭ھ鱾ΪǳţܼôһʣȻǲʶˡ 
ˮͣĹһЦүӲǸոջֵܵôȴʶˣ 
ǡܼ󾪡 
ͻضסӣָ⻮ͣѨֵһ°ڣľһЦգҾ콣 
콣³꽣ͣԣ귽ڡò㡢ľţ˳ơСӡ 
үӣżҵһʸҲӵ̫˰Ҳˣο໹ǵñ˼16С޸С檣ծ𰡣콣бӣ˫۱أϵЦˡ 
ھ쿴һ콣ٿ˵֪¾콣ںߣʵүӣǽˣǵѪģһǻԷŸĻƣõģȥֻ±˳Ц 
ܼ򼱵ݡݵԣҲĳ˼ҴҵͼǵӬͷС 
콣̾Ϣҡҡͷò鷿һʵ˰ɣ 
㡭ܼ򾪻 
ѾȥˣᣬЩǮȻǲ֮ƣҲֻЩĽݣܾѱˡ콣ָڼһЦүӣǲϾɱֻϣҲҪЩոϾɱźá 
ھüӣүҲҪǰæˣ飬߰ɡһת¥ 
콣ϧĵүӣҪʧȥܶණˣֻǮ 
ǰֻǮڽϵλ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪңߺޣȻҲǲʡ 
콣̧ͷ룬ǰΪʲôأЦˣ죬żҵŮ޸㵱С檵ʱǲҲô˵ 
                   
ܼɫ䣬żǸʮŮȻ֣Ȼӣ޺Ͷ˽ 
޺ţΪʲôΪʲôҪң 
ʮŮкܶ࣬ƫƫż޸нľͷӡ 
ͣ񱻷ѨһԼŲܼɫ֪콣˵٣ŭҸ˵Ϊѣר̸㣬㾹¹ޣֱ̫޳ˡ 
ǸСΪ˲޸ҶͶܼһЦҲܼô˿ҪҪŸʲôˣѵҪҵˣǣС޸ָҵ飬ףǼңкüСӣһԺ԰ﲹһáҲ÷Ҳ֪ġΪ°ǿʲôΪƾʲôʳߴ 
ͣߺ޵ĵŲǣ㲻ҪҴ磬콣ſңҪѵ쵰 
콣һɫ΢ЦӴҲѾ֣ҸȥӦˣͲүˡ 
⿪ͣѨ 
ͣס䣬ʵ£΢棬콣Ʈ⡣ 


ǳʮŮͬΣҲɫ˰졣 
öûˣôҲһˡ콣̧ͷŷݣ̾һĵ˵̫æ̫æ϶һ 
ˡʱһƬѵͷ£ȴһϱ㱻Ѩ 
ﲻӦߵĺͱô棿콣ǰ㲻 
ͣ̽΢ЦÿʶӦһ£Ǳߣ͸ߵˡ 
ŶҺûʲôҪİɣ콣Ȼ 
ҵƢأۻۣԣոյҵѨվϰ죬ҲӦ㳢ζǣͣԶ̽ձȻţҵǸأһῼǲ˵ 
콣˳üޣһĵ磬ʲǾŮ϶˺ҲҪ֪˵û˺ۣе㶪 
ôϲ˺۵ĻҲҲе˵ȥͣһѹ콣ϵĶ̽ϹһѪۡ 
СѾͷͻȻӳͣλεĴҲֱ 
Ȼ·ͻȻͣҲû˶㿪ӵһתιȵһӣ̽㻮ӽնһյ 
ƫƧ콣°ڣùͣסЦ⿪ҵѨ죬⿪ң㲻Ƕ֣㡣 
ͣδ֣ȫ޾飬һʱΪʱȥһӻعһ콣㣬ɱǺý 
콣ֻˣ۵ 
ãû£һº͵콣û˰ɣһֻ֣⿪Ѩ 
콣ϲĻع磬Ҿ֪ҡ 


  


ѩ߾ųߣǳΰͦüŨвɣ֮ɫ󵶣ɺʣ˳ƴ 
ѩ콣ǽȵһֵܣ˷·ʯͷбĳ㣬ų²ġʡͨҲ֪ 
ͣ콣´οȴԼѩ˵Цʱŭȵ콣˵⿪Ѩң㡭˵̽΢΢һ٣Ȼһڡ 
콣Σæ磬Ǹһո۸ҡ 
ѩŵһѶ̤ǰֻһץֵͣӲ֪أǱܲȥһץס󾱣һǰ˶һѡ 
ͣ񻺹һһ콣ٿһѩͻˣ֪ˣǴѩҲ콣ĸ磬Բԣͣ񣬽ҵˡֻţ˱ͬǰȻ𾴡 
ѩȴĻȫȻȡҩ콣ոձ˵Ĳӣʵ۲ۣ˲СģȻˣ˭㣿 
콣˫ˮɨͣŵͷֱΩԼ콣ᱻѩɱ֣콣ֻһ۱תͷԼʱСˣֻһСˣµģ뵣ġ 
ͣոԼֵӱѩסӶȥһֱڵϣҲ֪֪书߳Լ̫࣬콣Ϊѣ˿мЦЦ 
콣ȴͷѩ磬ŷݡ 
ѩСԼĵܼܵΪ۰ͷʣð棬Ҫķݣ 
ֻҪɵøߣĶá콣ЦסѩֱǰߣȫȻͣԺ 
ͣҲû뵽ҪֻǴ˵ıӰ콣ͣǼԶѩϸɣҲö࣬һֵܰҡҡͷҲ֪ȥˣطز죬ΨһʶĲܼǸ쵰ΪʲôŮ߽ͻкܶĻȴֻеù 
תͻȻԭɱȴֻܵűɱļһ 
߹ȥݺһţطȴûӦͣһţɴƯۺȵιװ𣿡ԷıֳĬ 
ֻͣøȴɫڣѾˡ 
ˡѩɱǡˣˣͣŵòܶȴأӲ˸ҡҡѵ˲ɣôԼľȴȻǺš 
ֻ֦ʲôԼĺ󾱣ԽµûˣͷҲ̧Ĵ뿪߰߰ɣ˭֪һ᲻佩ʬ 
룬ԽԽ׳£ͷҴ뿪ȴһͷײʲôϣողʬͷԣĹͷ󣬸Ͻ˫۱յһҲҶվ 
ѽⲻǽҵĴСͣŮ𣿡˱ײϵİеʺ򣺡͸ˣŮ˲𣬸յݾΪһ󺦣ݸİտɾиˡ 
ô۹⡢ֻ˵ˣԲǿµĶͣĵۣǰǸðװ̼֡ģӡ 
ǾͣҳݡͣóڸѧĻҡֱʾǫ飬ʵһĶˣϾг֣ûͣҲǸп͵ġ 
Ů̫ǫˣشһŮȻΪݸĿеӢۣƳ磬һŮĴָһãŮļҴ书Ȼ鴫 
ͣԽԽˣûôأȷʵûһĶ֣书Ǻܲˣѩ֣ӦҲǿӮİɣѩΪʲôôɾ˺ֵˣأҲΪǸ˵עѩŻְɣ 
˵˵ȥԼĹͻǺܲСİ 
֪ǡô۹ˣǲԼлҲҪ֪Ȳǡ 
Ǭֻһ̣ŮĽѾá 
ѻ˵꣬ͣϽסĻҡһ£һˡ 
ЦĽѾãòǼһȺ׵ýŵһ˰ɣȻǬܻ˵ͣô׾ͻᱻƭֵģ 
ҴʬӴܣһŲڵء 
ǬæַһѣŮСġ 
˼ҳΪŮɲٳͣСĵļӿ첽뿪ĵ˰ĵط 
Ǭʬ̾˿ǱĲƫҪǿ˶ûͬ鰡 


һֻƯķ˷ݷա 
Ȼ콣Ĵ磬ŷݶȱ˳ɫһЩİ׿ֻݣ콣˷ܵͨ죬磬һЩٸһЩ 
ãġѩеĳߣ˳ŷƽִһء 
콣Ͼֻʮ꣬ﰲ˫ֱסѩֱ۵磬ŰɣҪŵøߣȴ绹ߡ 
ѩЦŽύУֽߡ 
ۿݷɵԽԽߣ콣ϲôУ磬㿴ҷŵúøߣ磬ұոշŵûҪŶ 
ѩЦԽԲã΢Ц̾˿ 
ܵˣԸճߣûǸˣԷֻҪԿ콣Ц޻Թˡ 
ΪػװĵܵܣΪػΨһϣУΪˣԺڰ;Ψһɼһ⣬ҿԸһС 
ҿԸһУΪøǿܵκ˺ĲҾ磬ٴη 
ҪԶֿģֹΪĸУҲΪϣΨһҪһ 
£âһչᣬݾĿ֮زز 
磬ܵˡ콣һ㣬һңֱ׷˹ȥ 
ܵԶҲĺӣʲôϵǸĸΨһĲƲеĽ 
ٹ꣬Ҳðһ»ˣôƢǵҸͻݵӲаҲǸӣˡѩϣºͣЩĿ 
硭ѾԶ콣ͻȻһֱֱˤ 
콣ѩʧɫ콣ṦãϲܻԵ޹ʴˤϽֿȺμ䣬ѳ콣ߡ 
ô£콣㻹ðɣַ콣Լϡ 
ȣҵȡ콣ͺţü壬´ҧһףһץѩļ磬һָȡ 
ѩӿ°ڣȿȱҲ֪ںδˡ 
˵ˣô£úõģôˤˣѩסֻ֣͸衣 
֪ͻȻҧһڣʹ콣ǿֽϥϷĿ˺ļһ̴Сĺڵ㣬ƤһԼĺȲơ 
룿ѩݺݳ鴤һ£æ˺һ۽ס콣Ĵȣöطһ㣬ֳѥذС˿ڣѪֻܿһβ 
Լִƣٿϸ΢糾ɳһβʵûĿó룬ƫûʯһĶ 
ҴȥҴ򣬺콣£иߣʲôõģ˯һ°ɡѩСĵԼ˿ڣһѱ 


 
                   

õ޴Ӹղſʼ;Ƥһֱ 
ƣ֣ƣֻ֣ۣһǻ˫ˣ治Ǻͷ 
ոǰͼһ˳˽кᱧһˣ򣬴ҵܵܿôˣ 
𼱣ȷҰѰָָǰӵɣ㱧Ұ 
ָ˲ߵţʵ 
ոջúõģڷŷݣܵͻȻ͵ˣҾ͸Ͻҳ̴ˡ 
ͻȻ£üϸϸ۲첡ߵɫҡҡͷȥɣʱ׼ˡ 
ΪΪʲô˴󾪣˵ڳ޽£棬̴һҪȾҵܵܣҾôһܵܰ 
Ҳ˷ǳĶҲﲻ̾Ϣתͷ 
ģܵģôף˭ҵܵжˣ 
ǳ̴𣿡ͳʿɷʯһã 
޻ȥһߴӻһ̤˼á 
⡭ǡɫ䣺ҾȲˡ 
ѩԣ˽ֱۣ콣ø˼ֻ֣ʯһá 
ϧĿһ콣ôСĺӣҪȥˡ 
ġѩᶨĿԣ̴ʯһá 
ӳȡһʯݸ޵Ȱٰ׷ĻˣոǿҲ˴˶ǣָһ±Ĳ߳ŵ˵ܵҲжģ㡭 
ѩһʯ׼λһܿ϶ͬһֶ 
޿콣˿ڣһȡѪҲһΣ˿ڸڣͬīȾ˼ 
ϲжķʽҲһģǱˡ˫ְӣֱ΢ǣΪʲôΪʲôͬһڳô౻ͬһֶˣѵݸˣ 
ѵҩɾȣѩ콣Ȼڻĺߣһҧȥ˿ڡ 
磬콣ϽһסẦҲжģĿô죿 
ѩ΢΢һЦܵģôΪһб㶼ֵˡ 
°ͣѩЦɵӣԸôû𣿸粻˵ֻҪиڣ;Բµģġ 
콣ֻҡͷϢ΢ĵ磬㲻Ϊðգܻбİ취ġǿŴҹǵִò˵Ļ 
콣㡭ѩ۵ĿִĺӣΪʲôͲԼУİΣԶһиҪ 
콣΢һͻȻֳ齣һƬ컮ֱֱ˵ȡ 
ס֡ 
㡭 
ѩһѿס콣ŭѽԲġ 
磬Ҳ㡣콣½˽С 
޿ǰѽʺĽᣬ΢͸â˵Ѫ 
콣Ҵ᲻þȥġѩַѨ˯ͷٴ׼ΪѪ 
һ¡ץסļͷðɣﲻ㡣 
ѩҲ֪ûۼ˼ҵ⣬콣뿪 
Цǽ㱧ãߡ˵㲻Ҫˣ 
ѩ֪ƾԼȲ콣ų޵á 
콣ڴϺ󣬵ݸһɫҩаġ 
ѩһۣҩŽ 
㲻Һ㣿޿ 
Ѿ׼Ⱥ콣ˡѩ콣ԽԽ԰׵üĵĺҲŨ 


һڿںѪµ˵ϣذ˲䱻һƬ 
һ֧ڵһ㶾ַ֭һƿƿ޹޿ʼ䡣 
ûѪ𣿡޶һֻתĶҩҪһ㣬Ȼûˡ 
ѩһȫ֮һһڶѪ࣬ȥ 
ˡ޷룬һס˿ˣȻһ˿Ѫ˿죬һھͿˡ 
һѪѪӿԱֹ߰Ѫ 
жѪ¾ѩⶾҩҪûǿҩҲһֿܵס 
ιҩްݸѩҲúһУⶾ̫¶𡣡 
ѩ⿪콣Ѩ˿յأһιҩ 
Ǻֶҩѩŵһ̲Ѫðһ°ɣҪҲе 
תû˵˼֣ 
˻ǡ 
һֶҩν˼һ㼴ǣݡ 
ѩսȭͷ˵콣еĶ˼ 
ֶҩƳģǵҪĸ֣ϲΣΪжƼҶŽҩſɾȵûЦЦҲüʱңȻܵѾʬһˡ 
ǣǲǿһ䣬̴ǴӺδŵĶŽҩأѩȻ֪Լûж⣬ȻҲͲԼ콣ˣЩ»ҪõһͲſԼĵġ 
ЦЦʱ򴽽΢΢۽ȴʹؾļͶ䵭ӰȲЦʱ˼ 
˵ҺûйϵŲţ 
ѩ˰εҼ㡣 
ȫȻţͷ죬ȴЦˣ𣿡 
˵Ҽģһ㳤ʮƵˡѩǲΪ˺콣ǰѽſϾģ 
ȷʵҾɡ޵һǣϣ԰Ҳ˭ںݸö롣 
Ϊʲôң 
Ϊ¼ı󣬺ܿΪֵܶġ޵ʬʹˣѰʬ˵ǽҵĴСɱģʬϿҵĶŵѨַУո˵콣Ϊ׷ߵķݱöУոǸˣֻƽ꣬ΪʲôҲ룬ںǷŷݵͬһطΪߵǸôɵ֮жʱ磬ûڹģԲŻˡ 
ѩҡҡͷҲǵеʲôˡ 
ܼ㲻ˣЦ֮ǰݸõٵң֮ǰĻɽɵӣ֮ǰ䵱ɵǰʲôծδ˵ĻҿɾͲ֪ˡ 
úϸѩ콣ɫԼתҲԼѪɫǰο 
޲ϣΪ֪һҡ 


 Ȧ 

·ͣǿʬ壬ΧоȻϵ֪˭һŮ 
һһġŮеòˣһʱ־ٲȻԼǽе֪ʿһ㣬ŵĵһأ 
ȺУһĸߴȺֿ˳߹ 
ͣԶԶıһۿѩʲôѵΪĹͣʵģ 
ѩһʬ壬Χ콣ͣӣֵһ֮˶ͣ񣬵ǿͣĴСȻɱ˾ˡ 
ɱǣѩǲ̫š 
ͣһʲô˼ɱΪʲôѩҪɱƵ 
ףѾ˰شˣǰŮΪ˰ 
ͣεĿһѩԼҪͣЩԼˡ 
ѩ̤һϸ˿üģȻһźȻжȻ֪ǲǺ콣еĶһݳ˵ͬһ֡ͻȻ֣һ˺һ˵·ֻ˴Ӽͷ࣬Ƥӳһߡ 
Īǣͣ 
ΪʲôҪö뺦콣 
ѩһѥͲгذס 
֪ͻȻγذףͣһϽеҪʲôذס 
ܵİ类ŵɢȥʬԵҲ 
ֻǿʲôѣõġѩԶÿ죬˵߻ƤȻҲǵѪīȾ 
㡭ͣ׵ĿѩɱˣôԼ֪ʲô 
ѩѾһѿס󣺡㲻ҵˣôŵİ 
ҡͣѾ֪ηӦˡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪɱ콣Թ޳ΪʲôҪɱѩһ˼콣޷ѹԼŭ 
콣ûɱΪʲôҪɱûϵͣ˫һӴŵƴΩһŭ֮½Լɱйߡ 
žһһֻͣ£͵Ľɢ¶ʮöλεĸ룬콣жһ޶ 
ѩǰ俴ôͣ 
⡭ⲻҵĶͣȻô׷ʲô£ָֻһһڷϡ 
ѩ˫۽ţģôϣģֻ˭ģ 
ͣĻŲ³콣Ҳ˶룬Ҳ֪۰콣Խˣѩ϶콣жԼôСûлȥ統Ůˡ 
Ҳ֪ⶫôϣҷģ治ҵĶͣһ½Լˡ 
һԳǬˣ֪ϲʶһϵġͣȥֻһɣ뿪ҷˣһΪɱģȻǸǬͳˣΪҰˤһѣҲǸʱķϡ 
ѩ˼ſ֪ʲô 
ΩƵģͣһûɱ콣ɣڶҪɱҲö룻һ֪ⶾأģΪ콣һʱ嶯ɱҵĻԴҶûкôұض׷ɱ㡣 
ѩڿ˿ڣǱݺôǸ˵Ŀľո˵ĵĵ㣬ҪҺǽƴһ 
Ƕʲôôͣü벻˭ѵǲܼ򣿡 
ȻںͣŵõŰӦǲܵġ 
ŵĶŰָͣǰ룬Ҳˣ㡭ô֪ģ 
Ϊ콣˶룬֪ôȵ 
ǣӦǾȻ˰ɣͣΪ콣Ѿˣô˵Ӧûһڣº˿ 
ѩһЦţҲĽ͡ 
ͣһۣﶼǿһ¡ 
ǰǴųޣǳ޸պýˡ˼֮콣˶ôѩԻڿͣǰͬʱɱ롣 
ѹּ˲һ˳ԭգȫҡֻͣǽݹˣƢ룬ȴǱʱųһ亹 
ѩ°÷ŽԼУתͣ粨գ㻹ǻؼȥɣ 
ҪҸ硣ͣͻȻ뵽ԼĴΪֵҲܼ鷳ݵģܼȴ˵ƲûҹôҲֱֵܣҪǱܼΪѣҲ˵û´ܵǷɹѩӦ֪ƵŶԡ 
ѩ˵ҪҸ磬ҲȰתߡ 
ѩûмҸ磿ơͣҪߣϽס 
ֻһҵˣ㡣ѩͷҲصļߡ 
ͣɾͷˣôͻؼңҲƣҲ֪һȥܲйɣ 
ڿŮֵŮ 
ѩ㣬Ҫȥֻһһˡ 
Ȼȥö뺦˵֡ѩ֪Ҫֻͣ½ŲعͷﻹʲôҪʣ 
ͣŵİ˵ѵҪһֵֻ֪˵Ҫһȥ֣ 
ȻûҪʣǾ͸ˡѩҲϹϵҲǺǵģͣһԺʲô£ԼӲΡ 
ιѩͣΪԼҵһڣȻܵˣҪ֣磬Ұչܵܺˡ 
ѩһۣҪҵĴСչܣʵ̫ҵˣ콣ûĸ֣㡣 


á 
޲ʱ⣬ѩôòʲô˰ɣ 
ôҳ⣿Ȼ˵˼ˣ˵ѩպߵǰֹ 
ĸңҪ⣬һǸܷܵˣָָõȥɣϰˣҩҲˣҲˣǲ˵ػֻһȥˡ 
ѩǸĵ˼ܴܵСûֿһճҽ鷳ˡ 
ǲ鷳ףͻȻ˸Сǲ죬λǣ 
ѩ˵ܵˣ˲Ͻͣ񣬴ҴҸϽá 
ͣѩѡϽݣͣǲģһ䣺콣û˰ɣ 
ﲻҵҽҪҹԺﴵ磬ðҸ￴׼һЧ˼ҽƤЦⲻЦĵͣһۡ 
֪ԼոյĻǵ˼ңԼ£òͷڲôСˣֻͣõǸԲǵ콣壬ǻҽ 
仰Ƚ޵ȥɣȥ콣ûʲôˡ 
ͣƫͷ˿õķ򣬵һǵȥˣѩڣȥҲֻǵ裬岻ϻġ 



 
                   

š 
Ĵеһţ԰ưԽ 
εǸհ80ٵ̫ү 
û˸̫үҲû˸˼ 
һ̫үѾǻҶҲˣһΥ˼ҲѾƼҵĺɽϡ 
Щ50ǰˡ 
̫ү50һηŭ 
ŶΪ֮𾪡 
ֻһ˲£ǵ£ֹͷϽͰλ롣 
˶ֹֻһ˻ţɫüĿβһֶųԹҤ໨ϸɲ룬޳ָǲ˲Ҷǳһڣ΢ЦôǼ𣿡 
ŽûôȻŰ͵˶֪Ҫͨ籨š̫үԽ˵ԽǰĲһ˶˳ȥ֮ǰСϰԵĴ⻮˸Ȧֻ뻮˸ƹվȺֱԡ뵽׹ŵά򣿣 
޲ˣ˵ĵܵܡ˲ŲæһͷɹͣҲ֪أһȦٴֱš 
үӣûҪôݰɣҪңôŽЦܹһһͻ̫үϡ 
үӣŽҵȷʵһγ£Ǹ棬ǹ̫ƽӣڷŻ˵Ǽ£ڻûָصǰüȡЦ˵ţ̫үԽԽֻû 
˾Ȼûмʱְȱʧְ֮ƶϣ㿴Ű˰ɡ̫ү 
ǡȺ߳һˣϽڣѩ˾á 
үӣү֪ˣٸһλɡүӡҽУƶѾ˳ȥ 
ƶϣ󰡣Ȼ΢Цţ˿Ӱ죬үӣȥİô죿 
̫үһɣŵĶŰȻҪһٵһƴˣȥ 
ϵ΢ЦҲҲסˣƴüûҪԳְɣ 
˵бҪأ̫үҰ֮ƼҪ㸸ӹܣǳðУԣᣬȥϴύһЩֵѣԺӹܱŴа 
ǣҿɲԴȥƴ֪ôҲһˣ 
̫үٳһҲãѡ˭ 
Ҫƶϡ֪Źض࣬벻ȴ⣬Ҳүͷһء 
áȥ׼һ֪ͨϵġ̫үȻһڴӦƴһ۾㣬֪үӻνͲҪƶϣǿʮ䲻ôһľͷȥҲûʲôġ 
ҿɲѡ΢ϣƴΪԼĽҪһ 
㵱ѡʲôѡģﲻã书ãǻʱͷ㣬˱˵ĵֳÿһ߳ȥҲŶ̫үֱ׳˵һɣʵĿֻΪһοŸ滨УҲһء 
үǴѵ˰ɣƴ̾һʲôаשԼĽţڵĴˡ 


Բԣ۾ҪСһ㣬Ҫһ㡣ͣһ߿޻Żһָָ㡣 
ҾǬֿ϶Ǽٵġ콣ѾȬˣѩĵıҩ 
޸۾ͣʵ²˰ɣ 
󿴿ҿͣҡͷǲ񣬲֪ﲻԣܾùֵֹġ 
ҿ콣˵ű´ܵߣ̽ͷȥ 
ѩϽһץ廹ûãôЬˣðô죿 
Ѿûˣ磬㲻ôҵģôһ³ͻðĻһ𣿡콣Цͷûģ磬ѾСˡ 
ͣץŻݸ콣Ǹߣˣ֪û 
콣һۣתѩȫûӡ󣬴磬ô 
ҲûСѩɼǵʲôûУ̥ǣǺ룬ҲȽϱˡ 
콣ŵУûʲôȽر֮Ķ 
ǵסΪ˰Ҫȥô濴ͣ˱ƽֳ࣬Ҽǵõĳ̶ȾѾܲˣҪһֱң㲻һתˡ 
Ŷ޺콣ͬĳһԭŮǷİˡ 
ǣǡͣŭĿҾǸ˼ҿôɰʲôˣ 
޸ϽҲóҽĸϻȥǰ˿ˣģġЦĶӡ 
ͣһ콣Ц̵ÿ˵ӣͻȻֳȦԼ㣬ޣһ첻һ첻𣿡 
ûڵѩصһɴݡ 
ݣǲǸû취ҳˣ콣ùŻϸ˿磬Ϊʲô˵أ 
õŵĶŰͨ˿԰쵽棬ϲû˵ôһˣοȻҪֺǣȻ뵽ɹ·ûĿʾˣȻһ׷׾ͱ¶ˡ£±˼ǵòҪ棬ݳƽģ˶ûӡ󡣡ѩһ٣˶޳Ļֵûӡ󣿡 
ͣ룬˵һڹٻнϿҿӦǽϡ 
˵ܲó 
ҡҡͷͣûյĵʱ䳤ˣҸͶûκӡˡ 
ѩ̾˿Ҫӱĵطˡ 
콣Ьӵ磬ȥ߰ɣѾ˺üˣٲȥ͸͸磬Ǹﲻɡ 
ðҸһȥͣϲصĸ⼸㱻ڴ϶ãǸֻоĲҩҩû档 
㣿콣һۣתͷѩ磬һȥɣѾͷƢֺù£ҿûʰ̯ӡ 
ѩ΢΢һЦ콣ô˵Ǹ 
뷢Ƣͣѩôһ˵ҲˣƵĵͷԼڼʱܳ谮ýǱ֪Լԣ⡣ 
콣٣˵ִ֪磬ǧҪźáѩЦŴԲ콣һȥ߰ɡ콣ˣټӼ·ɡ 
ã˵һš 
ޣˡһˮֱ콣һץס. 


 ˼ 

콣ѩ֮󣬵һγš 
ܺãСܶ࣬Ϻ֡ 
һİĪץס󣬾ͺܲˡ 
ѩָ˵ĵֵҪҳ𣿡 
ƴ콣ǰҳޣ˼ϴˡ 
ûйϵ콣΢΢һЦתڽĥҩĳ޽еޣ㡣 
̧ͷһۣ򱻵סУ˳˭λңʲô 
Сӣôûһʲôƴ˳ޣǸˣء 
һѱסƴЦ˾Ȼ̤ţټúܣүû˸ô 
ôûУƴָָԶĵط˿ľͷңޣɺˣȻҲˡ 
ԶԶһۣҲ˭㲻ٹܣֵָܺͣ˽ܡ 
ƴոմλСֵ㣬ǲ˼ 
콣һֱ֣Ϊʲôôľ룬ȻҲϴأ˼ҼȻǸȻҲ˵ʲô 
ȻҶϴɲҪؼҼŽҲϴ˲źáûκε̾һ콣͵ãϴˡ 
ʲôҶɱˡƴ䡣 
Ц֪ת콣콣ǲҪȥٲţʱɾˡ 
ǣǻǿ߰ɡͣҲвסˣʱЩﺮѣ͵ȵòͷˡ 
뿪󣬳תƴݣΪˡ˼һ°ɣ 
ƴֵʮţվ۵ġ 
޳һ˵үӾȻʮˣ 
ʲôֵģƴ߽ãſ£ߵλޣ˵ 
ֻ΢΢һЦת߹ƶϵʮ٣һ֪Ĺڡ˼¶ǡ 
ƶͷкתƴʮ磬̸̸ȥֺ˽һûʲô 
ҲãȥɡƴҲ˻֣޵ޣɣ˵һ׷ʲô£˵Ƕûˡ 
ǰһμ棬ǽ޵ʱ򡣡߹ȥߣ򣬽ɺã 
֪ҺòãſҾ֪ˣȴΪʲôǲǻڹңƴ΢еĿ 
޵һЦҽ򰡣ûʲôΪʲôҪ㣿 
ǰҰɣĽţȴܾú衣ƴ̾ס֣֮ĹϵȻǰһཻĬĺѣȻݹϵȴԽԶޣҡ 
ͻȻסĻͷ·𴥼ʲôɣƴų޲԰׵֪ʧԣҪ˵ʲôȣȴֲ֪תʲô⡣ 
ǿһЦǻ˵˵°ɣڡ˼ 
ƴ̾һ˼֣Ȼȡˡ 
˼ 
ǵʶҲԵڡ˼ 


꣬ſʼµĶҩ䷽ 
ƴΪ㣬ȴˣԼ顣 
䷽Ҫһֶݡӡֻͱ֮ϲУԱѩ¶Ϊ֦Ҷ綾ޱȣȴɽٶ 
ƴϲϲü˲죬һ˷ɽԽȥӡ 
ҽӳиҵݡӡ֮ 
޺ƴΪһꡮӡ¿⣬ƴ綾ɳ޽ⶾ˵ʶġ˼֮ɴ˶ 
ʱᣬŵپۡ 
ײ뽭˽֣ƴãһֱΪŮװҩýǰ̼顣 
»ҹΪ򾴾֮ʣƴ֪Լˣȴ޿ء 
Ȼȥƴ㲻һá˼֮ûκ˲֪ⱳһι¡ 
˼ǲȥ 
һ磬Ҷĸ顣 
Ǿ˰ 


ͣһͻȻųСһ㣬ʲô۾Ȼȥо죬콣ֻһо 
Ц 
磬ǻңûˣضϸݰɣ콣Цָһָͣ񣬡Ѿͷܾ׳Ϊ˵ 
ѩڻ֪˵ҪǣңңܾǸԳƽǬˣı಻Ǳ˰ŵһöӶѣѶԸˣӦûں档 
˵ǵĵӦֻһǣҪõŵĶŰǸˣǾԿ԰õģ˵᲻콣ĵĿŴ磬˵ڵң̲סҪˣ 
ʵҲֻǲúͲܼѣǸ˹ʮңӦòڻûǵĵϸǰóȻְɣѩüǸ˸ɵģʲôͻˡ 
ˣûֻңȴŸҵĵ콣˼ţҲǸûйϵҲǱˡΪ飿Ϊ𣿻ΪΪأ 
ѩΪΪܣŵ׷ɱΪ飿ֵӦûкͱ˳ʲô鰮ǣôΪǮ 
˭˵û鰮ģ콣̾ţĪĶ˼磬Ѧ𣿡 
Ѧ歡ţѩȻ 
ôԶ˰ 
ԶãѾûڼʬǶְ 
İŮˣûԵ֡ 
һܹߵˣҲֻк콣һѡ 
ֻк콣һǴˡ 



  

ƶϣηӣʮţְ֮֮ʱ꣬һʧ̫үš 
һΣƶͬƴ׷Űʧ¼ڸּԵ֪Ϣ˭֪ʮƴδŵˣȻҵøּҵǵ˽ʮƶϣû˸Լʮȥ 


šݷּҡ 
˵ʮٺˡ 
ǰǰ;õģΡ˼¼̫ˣȻʮҲ˳ 
Ҫ˵ʮ٣ʮҲһˡ 
ʮҲˣ찡ǧʱײȥ϶û·ġ 
ЩСܷóʲô˵˼ȻǰѿʼƣּһرȡƷʱ֪˼ݲȡԣʧԣҲɱҲ𡣡 
 ˼ֻںݳֹ飬ȥ 
ģΪʲôƫƫֻںݳ֣˵᲻˼ 
˵շҹѷ 
ιǼ˵ʲôлʮѾˣȥӭӣ 
ô죿 
˵ˣȥʮٰɣץš 
ǰֹͷϿǧʮٿǲˡ 
һȺ˽ŲҴҵȥ 


ֻ֪һ£ƶ䳺ǵ۹һһɨΪʲôּҷ˼ںݳֵϢȻһ˻Ҫ٣ 
ƹܺݷּҵ巿ӣеߵսƶϵͣԼϣ̤һʮ٣סּڷԡ˼ɱ˵ĵһʱŸ뽫Ϣ˱ҡ 
ڳ޵Ϣ͵ĵڶϲŽӵǵϢƶϵĵȲʧְһ£Ҫȫ˼ж⣬̫ү˵ˣһ㲻ʣȫգ⣬ҳͨҸһĻᣬҺúøɡ 
һ귽ʮ˳ʲôˣ˼ڱʧԣ㲻ץȴҿô£ 
ü΢΢һƶϵͳɤħȰڴϻ죺һģ 
巿ģжʮҽɡ꽾бƶϣ°Цţ˵ʮٺ˽ײϣôò˵˼ʵҪʮðɣ 
ս󾪣ȵɣ˲أʮٵǸ 
ΪʲôҪǸѵ˵ñѹǣ˼ֲŪģƾʲôǽ 
սһ£޴󹦣ҲûʲôʧŶԣΪʲôƶҪǽҲǺԼλǲʮ١ 
̫ү뿪ҵǰһ죬ҽĸˣĳͽã䡣ƶĵǣ̫үܲˡ˼ʧԵϢȻҪһ֪֪ͨԼ˰ɣ 
սһɣɫ΢䣬ƶɭϣʹҲᷢ䣬ŲδְҲͣոһƶҪ·֮ʲôͽ䣬Ҳֻ˵Ǿȡˡ 
¶ɫƶϱһ˿ĿڵݣҪǷ̫ү֮顮˼һ£̰ǵģԣҪԼջᣬǹǹȫԼˡ 
֪֪ˡսƶϵ۹һϣֻ඼·һ㣬Ͻͷ 
ɶ˶˵ƶɨһۣѵߣȴƽסˣһҲ˵ 
ܺãôҾ͵ȷּҵĺϢˡƶϳһǣһĨǿɳ֮Ϊ΢ЦĲơ 


Դӳ䣬Ƿǽߣ񻨴 
˼ҲȾƣҲûϵֻˡ޸ƴһ裬ЦڴһŴ𣬵ίˡ 
ƴסֵޣҪſǰһң 
΢΢һЦסԼֵȻ̫ô֪кҪ޶հ졣 
ֻ㲻Ҫôòãƴ̾ϢţסֲϷš 
ǵеֻ΢Ц 
ʲôޣֻϣԶʶõǸޣԶҪı䡣 
޴һЦûԶˣǻϵģġ 
ƴ۱סͷˣҲˣˣҲˣֻ㲻Ҫôͺһİһ 
ô᣿ҽôİˣЦת⣬򣬽Żðɣ 
ƴӣϲڵŤһ£ãܺã㲻õģ㣬ȥôˣһƮ㣬ҽҲϣʵڽҺòġ 
޼Լæ۹⣬ЦʲôòĵģҴСһ˴ˣ˶ĵطϰߡ 
߰ɣһţںɽһСԺӣ徻ģ㡣ƴ麬ǴЦһʱˣḧգ겻˲ٰ 
޻ԣ΢΢һ֪ˣ˿ˣ㲻ɫƫÿĸЦϲһڵģĺ⣬ˡ 
ǡ 
ƴҪ˵ʲôȴһϡ 
ʮ硣ƶһ˽ 
ƴˣ˵ʲôʵڷּҴʲôϢûУ 
ƶϿ˳һۣû˵ 
֪ż£˲֣ЦŰƶһʮһЩ£ȸˡ 
ߣƴֱһ죬һѿסǿѹ£ƶϵ޲ˣ˵޷ 
ƶֻһü⣬޶࿴һּۣҵһһ˵ѾҪǼӽ׷ˣڣϢ 
ƴЦʮԲ£˭Ҳ 
š˼ǴγֺûϢˡ΢ĵһŷݵĺӣ콣ѱ̴κáƶϵΪв֪˼ʧ˶٣ԵǾʹ˽ˣһ¼ڻܿ϶ 
𣿡ƴתͷޣޣ⡮˼һٸƣȻܽˣԽԽ˰ 
ҽͷһԣҲɳɹ˶ѡǳǳһЦ˫ƴסԼ֡ 
ɣҲһֱΪҶע˼Ȼἰʱ֡˼£ƴ̾һֱյøһЩޣһˣȥŰɣʲôҪֻԳ㣬˵˵ 
ƶһʮ磬һ֮ʼ˺ó̴ȥ˿ĺá 
˳ĻǰҪһȥ濴˵򣬷һʱҲߵģʲôǡ 
ƴΣֻɵó뿪 
û˵ſǲǣǹġƴƶһۡ 
ʮ磬ҲϿ㡣ƶϵһ仰ƴԡ 


  


֪Ϊſʼ׷顮˼һ£Ϊġ˼ֻôһ㣬֮֮˼ҲûгֹںݵķּڵߣҲûڳϢ 
콣еĶԻ⣬ҲѾԭѩΪɣ뿪ˡ 
ھߣͣԣһûҵ磬Ҳû湻ôھߣ 
콣΢Цֻ˵ֵҪ죬̴ǣû˵ҲҪ߰ɣ 
һ£֪ͣӦ𣬵ѩ׳԰סģֵһߣȻҲ˼ˡ 
޵Ҫͣס²ҲǾʶˣȻҲ֣ڼöգ˺ݣԻᵽѰ㡣 
ôˣһֱҲûиϢҵ᲻¡̲ͣסʼһôãϢûеġ 
˵ƶͻȻ˿ڣ׷顮˼ʱѽݵʿ˼¼Ҵүƣȷʵݣڡ˼ֵĵգ 
ܣͣеҲߣ֪ݣںݵĻһϵġ 
Ҳߣƶϵ۹ʱô˭ɱģ̴˵ûϵҲû׷ʣȻ׷ʵıҪ 
ͣŵֻ˵һ鵱龰 
ô˵ǸǬӦǹؼˣƶʵ㻹ǲǵʲôӣٿǲϵó 
ָͣ޵иǸ˵ӣȻҲлɾǿŲ֪ﲻ񡣡 
𣿡ƶϿƴ 
޵Ϊ˵ò֪һ㲻ԾͶ鷿ˣ㲻˵һû 
ƴޣ԰㻭Żҿ𣿡 
ðȥȡת߽鷿 
콣ҴΪǸ׹ݵģԣܿóĿǡ 
׹ݣǺǽеˣ±ϳƶϵҲпƼҵˡ 
Żˡһ 
ƴֵҿ 
ЦŰѻݹȥҲ׹ݣԣ˭Ҳƽ 
ƴӹ򿪣΢۴սϸ 
콣ЦõĻó̴ 
ƴȻݸƶϣʮţ㿴һ°ɡ 
ѩ˵ܵһѣʾ˵˻콣ֻ΢΢һЦ۹ɨ˳ޣ̴ҽܸӦа취ǣضġ˼֮跨ҽ⿪ء 
Ҳɫȥ 
ƶϽӹϸ˿һƽȫע 
Ҳǲĳˡ̾˿ϧȫﲻʲôæ 
Ǳҵʧô֪ͨǹڡ˼£ӦøлأĴƴϽοϢȺݷּҵϢȵţһѾǺܴæˣǿԼʱݡ 
¶΢ЦҲܸ˿԰Ͻ㡣 
ͣͻȻˣǸ˵ˡ 
ƶ˻Ӧǰһץʲô 
Ǹ˿˵ʱƴһۣ󿴲Ƶġͣƫͷ룬Ȼܿ϶һͷģû 
һ𣿡ƴЦЦˣʵڲడ 
ȻֻôһҲùʲôûСƶϵҵ¾ȥּңҪ׷ȥ 
콣˻ذҪͣѾͷһ㶼ĵء 
ѵϳԼ䣬ͣǵ⣺ҪСңҵļСͺܺãҲҴ˵̣ȻҵҵϷˡ 
콣֮ԱǣҪͲ˼Ұһš˼綾㻳ﶼ֪ˡ 
ҡ 
ͣһ¡ƶϳǵĻͷ˵дˡ˼֮룿ôЩ 
ǰͣЩ뱾ȷʵһģѾ˳̴ˡ 
޵ͷǰҵҩص˱ˣԣЩѾٵˡ 
ٵˣƶϾʡ 
ЩҲֻǺ˶ѣٵ֮ǲ֮޵οһ㲻ˣɷġ 
ǣЩʵں˲ǳҴ绹֡콣Цſѩ磬㹻侲Ȼɾ鷳ˡ 
ѩö˳̴ʱ㡣 
޸ϽֻǾ֮ͶѣҲÿǸʱϲԼİΣڵĶѪ˳ 
˵콣˶ѪƴɫĿ 
ǰôˣ޲ʡ 
ƴҡͷеһʱ벻ףûʲô 
ʲô£һҪңΪ㵣ġ޼˵Ҳʡ 
ģҵȻġƴԼϥߵͷ 
콣ֻǳĬĿǣٻعͷһѩĬˡ 


ͣңûоǸ˺˭Ƚ񣿡콣Ҫͣʰ÷ûʱĵ 
ףͣһ£Ϊʲôôʣѵڻ˭ 
콣ЦЦȻǣûǸˣֻġ 
ʲô˼ͣ˼۵ÿҺһʱ򣬾ζ۸ˡ 
콣ͷЦû뵽ԼĶӾȻѾˡ 
ûʲô˼ֻǾôĹȻǽӴˣõӡǣһԡ콣ã˽ҵǾͺˡ 
ͣҲѧһȭãǺڡ 
콣ЦͷȻϲѾͷΪˬ죬ҲôֻƢֱ˵ѣǼҪߣ콣ǺԸ⽻ѡ 
ҪţͣͻȻʵһҪȥ 
ҺʹҪȥ꣬˸ʱ䣬Ҳɡ콣һͷת˳ȥ 
ͣ˴ͻȻ콣ǮȻûߣϽץ׷˳ȥ 
콣Ǯ̫ܵû⵽̨ףˤȥ 
޸պúƴƶֵܳţͣվȣæСġ 
ͣһµû¡Ǯ콣콣ԼǮҲҪˣһ·ֵ𣿡 
콣ӹǮֱһ¡ 



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ѩ콣˳ǺڽһȦִһ߳ٴη˺ݣڲ۵ĽβһСջס¡ 
磬ǵҪȥ콣Դʮֲ⡣ 
ԼҪ£þĽԹ̴㣬ϣԻ顣ѩ΢Цŵ콣Ҫȳȥһ£Ҫ߶ 
ǣ簡ʲô£̴ʲôΣʲôңôĵ£ 
ɵӣ㻹Ŵ𣿷İɣ¾ͻѩͷǧҪȥ 
콣ֻĿ뿪׳ʲô£ףʲô֪ģ 
ʼ뿪ǰһУ˼ӿԾȥǲϹؾ˳һС 
һһʲô·ˣȻ֪ 
ǣȻûע⵽ 
Ϊʲôףʲô 


á 
ֵͣ뿪һֱƲ֣ͻȻʵҳҲкóһʱˣҿһȻؼȥҸˡ 
ôͻȻ˵Ǻдô޿һۣͻȻЦǣΪûˣ 
֪⼸ͣ콣Ȼÿ˵ʮ仰а˾ڶ죬ԣѵѣͣ᲻콣뿪ҲǱȻģ˵ֻ붺ͣ񣬿ӣ֪ͣЩʲôȫȻû⵽ЦԼֻǵͷһģ 
ƶϵ̫ƣһȥּҿ˳·֡ 
ƴҲãȥɢɢİɣ±ʮľͷƻˡ 
ιް䣬ʮٳȥҲá 
ƶϿһ۳ޣٿƴתͷ߰ɡ 
Ŷõġͣĸ뿪 
ʲô𣿡ƶͿ첻ԾˣͣôûϵǸ˼йصĻȻˡͣΨһǸ˵ˡ 
ҵǸˣôԸͣͻȻͣ½Ų 
֪Ǹ˭𣿡ƶޱĿʵþм赭д 
ֻ֪ǴҪôԸͣסȭͷԼĲ֡ 
ƶĿһÿǳںԭȡ˼ڶÿ̬ȡʣʶ֮ˣ 
ͣҧŴηֻ֪һĿԣһô 
ѾȥˣѵͲôƶҡͷҲˣǵҲԸ⿴ʹȥġ 
ͣҧתߡ 
ȥƶһץסֱۡ 
¡ͣҲֻĵʮ٣ϺĻˣֹһɣ 
ƶϿɿ֡ 
ͣٿһۣתȥ 


޽ǵǰֻˣȴҩҺץҩͯһץҩһҩͷƴֲԣ 
ޣ£ƴΪѵģ̲סʲôѴܸ˵ǣҲܰأ 
򡭡ֹ 
ʲô£ƴԣ׷ʵ׳ʲô£ 
ҵǸˣǸˡ˼ˣǣ 
ƶϵ£ҲӦûȴȥƴʵôѾ֪˭𣿡 
ҧŴҲ֪²ǲࡣ 
Ըңһо 
ƴʵ 
ʵǸԲԣƶϳ⣬ 
ʮţں˵ʲôƴŭ 
޶ʱɷƴʱתͷ 
ޣⲻģңģʮں˵Ұ˵ʲôҶġƴһץסֱۣ 
Ÿûʧԣȥ˸ŵġ˼ԲԣƶĵʵЩ˼ģ˼䷽ֻŲУʵҲһֱ֪ġ 
֪䷽Щ˼Щ˼Ҳȷʵġ޲ 
ƴץֱҡţԵģ㣬Բ㡣 
ңЩ˼ŵġ˼һٸġ˼һ֪ģԲԣ޵ֻ֪öԸһЩ㣬ǶѪҲһǿġ 
˵ѩΪ콣ʱҾͲµǸʧԵġ˼ˡƶΪҪ 
ҡֻԡ˼ɲøһ㣬ʼնǱȲϽԶԵ˽⡣޲ȻһЦҸоóԺͽġ˼Ķԡ 
ƴͻȻ˵Ĳ滰㡭 
ֻǽơ˼˼ңֻǽơ˼ǵľ룬Ҳûǹҡ 
ҲͬҰһڰңǲǣ 
ǲǣ 
֪Ҳ֪ȴ˵ڡ 
ҡҡͷ˵ˣ֪Լʲô 
˵ʲôҲ֪һֱ㱣˵ЩĪĻˣޣ㲻ˣšƴʧصıޣޣҪ˵ȥʲôҪ˵򲻻κ˺ġ 
£Ժôƹ£ƿҿټһ棬Ҳǣܻϲء 
΢΢һЦԴ͸ӳĪ˸УĪ 
ޡƴӿ൱õԤС 
򣬺úöԽ㣬úöһ㣬òãлᣬڲ԰׵ļϣŴǵ΢Ц֪ʹ࣬ǽѡ 
žꡱһͻȻһ󶴣Ѿ뿪ݵѩ˽ 
̴򡣡ѩһѱ׷ʵ˿ôɵ 
磬㡭㲻ǡ޿֪ôͻȻء 
ѩͻȻҪֵ뿪ãҾͲµ⣬ԣתһȦͻˣ벻ֵһΪʲôҪ 
ƴһֵѩ޷¡ 
ѩ̧ͷŭ㻹ûжˣˡ˼֮ 
ƴ󾪣ô᣿Ͻţ׷ʵޣѽҩ㣬ɵ£ʲôºԼЦ 
ⶾⲻҧŴŬԼĲ򣬴ҵһۿ㣬Ѿ˶ˡ˼֮ 


ʮ 
                  ʵ 


ƶڿԻȥˡ 
һ̫үһΣԼŸȵվס˽Ÿ 
ȴûаָ˵˼ 
ۼͲܻˣ׼ϸ΢Լ˵ʱҵõοҵ˿ڣѪ⡮˼ֵ֮䣬ŵġ˼вͬóҩƴ̶ʱҩ 
οҩҪĳɷݣôҵõġ 
ޣҴӦ㣬׷£㣬ѽҩóòãƴսֻ֣ԼԽԽ䣬·סһ 
һҡҺ䡭򣬽򡭡 
ƴֻĶšס˰㣬ıеޣ޿ңҪۣҪ˯ޣҽҩ 
֪֪ʲôǡ˼޵ĴȻ΢Ц֪ˡ 
ޣޡƴԽԽ壬᲻Ļ䡣 
ѩͻȻˣҲҽȻһŵĽҩһȼҲԻһأ 
˼㼯ٶɣֻҪһζҩȲˣֻ͡ 
ѩһԣ̴һҲȲ˰ 
һƴ˵üǣ;ҴԻȡһֻССɫƿһҩڳ޴ߣޣ˰ɣ͵ˡ 
ϳԽҩֺαô£ѩнӹ޵⿪ȥ졣 
ƴӦһס򢣬ҩ˽ȥ 
ǣô죿ƴֻ֪ѩ 
ȥιƶϵһˮȻǰһű信ȴԼɼһĨġ 
ǡƴƶϣֿޡ 
Ҳɣƶ仰һˮͷ¡ 
ƴӹˮͷһڣٴΰ⿪޵أι˽ȥ 
ഥˮ޵ͷò̡ 
ۣȻҲࡣ 
ƴ΢룬ǳζ 
ᣡ 
ޣ㡭 
ͬʱһȭͷƴ 
ƴҲܣǸû 
Уֻóޣֻһ˫ۡ 
֣ͣϺУһɵֱؿڣ£λεӳһ 
ͣе磬ס֡ 
һס֣ɵҲͬʱתɻƶϵС 
Ȼŵˡбƶһۣתƴſޡ 
ƴɫ΢΢ת֣ѩס֪λǡ 
ͣҸơ 
ԭҴүʧˡƴֵƴ 
֪ƴ㡣Ʋ֪ŭһֱ 
ƶϵȻҴүԼˣҲȥһֽţġ˼ٵȥɣ 
õġƵԼƵĶҩɲŵġ˼ɲ¡ 
ŲܣΪʲô˶ҩȴ㱳ڹƴ뵽δ޲ðһϡ 
һЦⲻĴΪΪʲôҪƶҩֻǸʽµĴѣΪ㣬Լô࣬ϰɽˮɼ˼Ķݶ𣿡 
ƴŴԣһʱѩнӹ޵ʮţȰޱϢ 
쵰Ϊ㣬ô㵽ģòͣмƣһ˵ʵôҲδĴˣСָʹˣһ˫ۿ˵ʱ򣬶Ҳмơ 
ƴҲȥ 
վסޡҲõƴ˽ȥ 
һû껰أȱߡƶ 
ŭֻƴǻ쵰鷳ûϵ 
ʮδĵˣְڣҲȥġƶ㲻ҵȰݹҰۡ 
Ҳ֪תͷĵҲشκģҪû˵ 
磬һȥɣҲܵĳ̴򡣡ͣ˴ϽԲ 
ƶϿۣȷԼķʲôһͷ˽ȥ 
ͣ˼عͷ콣㲻ȥ̴ô 
ҵ 
콣һԹߵѩǰ磬֪Ҵˣûڿջ㣬ǣǵ£ֿͣ񼱴ҴҵܹԲŸȥģ벻Ȼܵ³߻֮أ˴ܣ 
ӣ֮ǰѾµˣѩ߰ɣҲȥô¡ 
ǵʱ򣬲ǲˤ𣿳̴ʱͻȻ糣СǵŮǸһģһ뵽̴˵Ǿʶʱˡ콣ϲڶĳСǮ͹һҶĳܣҲɣˡ 
Ҳ̫ˣ´οǧһ˵ˣ֪𣿡ѩͷǣֵȥ̴ɣ˼Һôȹһ 


û£ƶҩǰӴͥһֱܺ棬˵Ҳûһ죬˾ƣҲ֪ȥһ޵ӣƿһƴ˵˺ܶ£˵Լ֣˸ɷȻһ㶼ÿģʹ࣬ѹ 
ɵӣɵӡƴڴߣѳ΢ҵĴҺ 
Լ߳ܣȻһֱԼĽһֱҪһеȥȴֲңԼһ򣬾Ҳ벻ˡԣûûҹơ˼˵䷽ģԣÿơ˼ʱ򣬾;úͽľˣơ˼˼Ľ򡣡 
ͣ⵽ĸ飬콣Ͻס죬ߵʲô˵žˡ 
һ죬ңѾãΪҹŶݶҩĹϵʼжļȰ˼Ҹĵطúϣ˵֪ȴ޻ڣǹԼжģûȥ˵ó嶯ƴһȭ 
ƶϺȵүҲ֡ 
ʮţҺˣҲԼҾȻʲô֪ʹôáƴų޵֣һεϣޣ֪ˣ㣬ۿңҲ뿪ˡ 
˫ȭգ΢΢ĲţҲľôȥԣ͵ƺõһ֡˼֣Ϊ˼ʧԣֻƴݣ޼ҲԺ޻ȽлȥĶ 
ѵͣɱҺ콣Ǹһֲ߻ģ 
֪ѩ콣Ӱ룬ڶĳвǿǮϮ콣֪ѩἰʱ֣Ȼܼʱ֣Ҳ㣬콣ж룬һжҼ֮УΪ޵ĸ콣裬һ콣Ǻˣϧƽһͷҵļκ⡣ 
ǣ˸СӣŷݵǸСӣϷߵһС콣ҧΪԼܣΪԼ԰ѱڹ֮䣿 
˭ǺˣƵһۣ̫Ȳ㣬һֱǺ棬Ǻ뿪úҸ˶Ѫι˽ҩûˡ 
ǣǲʲô¶ûôͣһֱĸ磬ڸȻĲŵġ˼ûһ˰ǻˡ 
˭˵ûµģҸƴʻûءһָƴޱ㺦ӣԼ˵ô죿 


ʮһ 
                  ˮ 


콣úһֱעųޣôһ˵ʵ̴򵽵ʲôûиҩ 
ԼƵġ˼֮ѩ̾Ҳ˵ҩʲôط 
нҩһȥӻһƿҩҵʱҲˣҩҲһһ㣬һЩûаѶѪ 
Ǹ֪˿ʲôطƴʱȣֻΪ˼ƵĽҩ 
ţƴ˰ΣͻȻһѾסƴؿڣŭȵ׳հŵĶҩҩôͣƵĽҩȻҲº͵ȥ֢ҩҲͰˣҩ֢㲻Ǿͺ𣿡 
ô죿ѩæסƣȲҪȸְ巨̴ƴĽҩɫҲöˣʱסȻոʱѾˡ 
ɵĿһƴƵúõôԼĶ 
ƴһ˫ֻǶųޣôһ˵Ҳ͵ˡ˼ˣ޾Ͱ㿸еȥ 
ʲôΪң޸Ͳˣ⻹㺦ģ 
ǵĻ 
㺦ģҲ취ġ 
㡭 
㡭 
ˣס죬Ҫˡѣѩһȣֹ˵ 
ͣҲס˸磬㲻Ҫˣ޺ÿڴϻԲѣΨһԾˣȴֻԼͼʹ࣬ȴȫˡ 
˵ôˣֻƴ쵰ڰֻعƲĵƴ 
ƴ߻شǰΪް 
ôˣͣ첻˵̲סʡ 
ƴҡҡͷԳѶ֮ɫһֻãջְס˶ͷʮţе¡ 
ʮ磬˵ʶⶾֵһ󡣡ƶϳ޵һ˫ȴƴ˵ʲô 
ңҲ֪İס˶ͷȫʼ 
ƶϻĵ˵֮ǰûκԤʩ£ٶ֮Уơ˼ѾжеĶֻŵĽҩȫ⣬ԣܲѹҪԼˡ 
ǣٸԼƵĽҩأȴһ 
ƴҡͷУڶر࣬˼ĽҩﱾͶԶٸԽҩһӶѲˡ 
ǡô죿ƢһҪץƴ쵰ɱ㡣 
ƶָ񿪣ĵһԼҪǨŭ 
ǨŭãޣҪô죿ѲĻô죿ƼöţһתͣؼҰɣ˶࣬ҲչһЩǿԶ 
ƴվҪţ 
ǣʮ硭ƶһü㲻ͨԴ˻ȥүӿ϶᲻˵ġ 
ƴһү˵ģο޲ˣӵĵܵܡΪҶԲѣչҩȫⶾҲ࣬ţѵĻҲȽϴһ㡣 
ôһ˵ѵҲˣƴҪҼסˣܲѹ㶼ڲˡ 
Ҳˡƴô²˳٣ʮţȥּҵ˵һ̻š 
ƶϵһͷתȥ 
ƴ࿪ʼְʰ 
ѩԺչ˳̴ҲԷĵˡ 
ǣһǵġ콣ĵ̾һ̴һˣôźã 
˾ͺˣ뵽ȥˣͣڵʲô 
ܺİһ𣬻ţҲһζˡ콣˵ţҡһҡͷ㲻׵ġ 
ףôˣͣ񲻷ķ֪³̴ѺŽѴǲǣ 
콣ŴۿЦСѾͷξȻˣ治ס 
ͣһۣתͷƣ磬׼ȥ 
ʲôҴһߣˣҹԹԻؼҰɡƵһŮӳܣױ˵лġ 
ҪȥͣҲĥֻг̡ 
ȥһѡ 
𣿽ʲôأ 
·ǰһԼȥ˵ҪҰæƿһ۵⣬ؼȥɣﶼˡ 
֪֪ͣӦţ뵽콣ϴҲ˵Ļȥ̲꣬ס͵Ц 


ͣһμ·ʱ򣬻֪ʲôˡ 
·ڳرߵʯϿ飬ҳָ䣬¹ˮӳϣ㱼䣬ͣ񾹻͸Ĵ 
·ǲһˣֻǹʱһĨĻִ˵¹ 
һغ°뿪лĴǴŰЦǣͣ 
ǲ飬һ̤ˣѩ׵°ڷ䣬ˮ绨 
ĵ˵ͷ˿ڣĪѹѹؿڡ 
Ƶʲôˣʣ·һ㶼 
ãأʳʵĻְͣסؿڣúÿ죬ûڱǰ޴ 
ҽ·һѡ¶һЦɫ 
ͣ΢Цѹʱ˵벻Ҿȼ㡣 
˭˵ģһ޾վûĵǽؼȥ 
ͣͷЦϴһɵ£Ը 
ǲնѾͷû취 
ʲôǸ콣һģ书ã۸ҵġͣЦĿ·Сƣ磬ѣƯ 
üǸңϸô£ 
磬˵Ҫ̫СһؼҸ˵۸ҡͣߺ˭㲻ңֲʶ·ֵպҲҪ꣬һˡ 
ҲˣƲ˵ʲô·ͣµģûɣ 
ιô˵أͣԲӡ 
·΢΢һЦƵʵзǳ£ԲŻæ 
֪㲻ѣǸ뿪ɽģƵ˵Ҫʲô£ܾܵأôûһ 
·;ûйϵ˽˵顣 
ʲô£ 


ʮ  


ҵԭҵҲҵ׵ܵܡ·˵ţ㲻·ֻ˵ű˼ҵĹ¡ 
Ȼеıӡ˳С 
·Թ˵Լֵ¡ 
죬İϾɽף˵ǾʶȻʲôҲû˵ͰңԸ;ϢóźɣǲʶǸ˵ģ 
֪ΪʲôûʲôĵȻں;Ǳ׵Ĵ£͵ǵ̸ 
˺Сӣһһ档˵Ļ·ûöСӣѵ˵ 
һģ͸ԼûκҾǸŮ˼ġ׵÷ΪԼٻӲˣȴ˵ӣ 
˱ϾСӵĸף·үȫĸϡ˵ԷڵĵλСĸϺаһ 
׶ȻܾˣûþвȡλΪһеȫиֵȥ׷Ķ 
ϣһŸɽβ˵˽ꡣ 
ô˵Ѿ֪ĸ˭ˣƵҪôأǲ 
·ͷǰҵȴҽȥ־öԲۻ˾ɽ 
ȻдţꣿЦЦãȥ˵űվ 
ڣ·һ 
ѵҪѡƵգɫƷŰݷã 
Ҳ˼ֻǡ·ԥѾû׼ 
˶ѣҪʲô̫࣬ԽԽû˼ףȥ㣬ԲԣЦ߰ɣھȥô궼ûϢͻȻ˵ӣ֪ǰűģǰȥŷġ 
ððھȥɣֵͣô֣ôƯĸҲһǴˡ 
Ѿͷ˵Իʲôʱ˵ҪһȥˣƵһۡ 
硭ͣĿȻҪôɰƽ𣿡 
Ƴ췭˸ۣ찡Ҳ˵ɰƽ⣿ 


ꡤظ 
ųƽꡮһظڽУǹٳϣŲСӵǵҵѻطлһΣظþٲȻѻ֮ʱ 
лиϰߣϲҹ˾һĿظһУԹˡ 
ƻᱬ 
΢Ĵⴵһ硣 
лüһ£ηͣ 
͡͵ͻȻϨ 
лһа롣 
һϵһʲᱻץȥ 
ҸöôҲø˴кɣл̽ʲᡣ 
ڰУһĨ컮 
лһѶһ䵶ָ񿪳һһ纮ѩ÷л 
÷չһһʱʮ嵶ֱ׷Ҫ 
ڰһЦã 
ʮ彣е 
ǻŽн㡣 
㵽ʲôˣлһãڴǰ 
ֻǽʲһѣط˺αôţ˵ʲʲô˵Ķ𣿡 
лŭʲᣬȻ뿪ظһ 
ܿϧʲҽ趨ˡ˽ߣлĵͻȻһ֣һʲͳͳԴ˳ȥ 
л󾪣ʲô봰ڴʲᣬƫһס㲻Ϸɡ 
ˣ߰ɡ⴫һ 
ԭͬлܿĽ˳˴⣬˰˽ˣץ 


磬һû©ɣҴ뿪ʷӽ˺԰һժɴɫȻ콣 
õˣǿЩ뿪˵ءѩһеһʲ㶨ظ൱ڻٵ˶ľȺһĲ֧Ԯ 
콣УͷһһȺҶִ лĴ׷˹ 
磬Ҹطɡ콣ѩ˼ɽĻ 
л׷˺԰Ӧûѡ 
ӳݵ·ĶҩƴһҲҪһ 
ڰУᡰסһ 
лһָŷĵط˭ҹ 
콣ѩĵһҪȥȴվҲһ£ڽ档 
㵽ʲôˣ͵ȡظʲʲôлŭͬأ 
ô֪ͬ飿һڣ콣ѩһۣ°ԺЦѾǸôֵҴС㡣 
лȻԣЦظң 
ͣһһվˣ˵طˣֻ·ɧŹ¡ 
콣ѩߵƣ֪һ˭ 
ѩҲѹƲ˵Լѣֻ֪ôҲظ 
طܻ治ء콣͵һЦ 
л۹һתȵǱ߻ˣѡ 
콣֪ԼһЦûѹסһѩڰУԽͣͷһǽȥ 
ˡлһξ֪Լʲ֮ˣƲͣ˲ܣֱ׷˹ȥ 
ѩת֮ʣҲһӳ죬վϻ԰̣ͤ´Ρ 
һҪŹͳͳץлһ䵶ϡ 
ĵԭǿСϣ۲Ƥױ⻹뵶ּȵá 
콣ѩһۣ˫˫ӹ콣һֱָʺص֮ʣѩǽͷһס콣ֽҲǽͷٲͷƮǽһ֦Ҷȥ 
ǲҲóʱˣƼͣ˶ֿ𾢣һ·Ǿĸװɣĺء 
·Ĭתߡ 
Ǹվסлû׷ֵܣˣͷ£˷·ֿó㣬ûгû뿪·ߣ±ֹ 


ʮ  


·תлģһԲ 
Ϭл·죬һֵҲȥл⼸λ˵ 
ˡҲĵĿһǣ뿪 
һڣ·ǰȥ׵İˣȷлҪҵˡ 
лȥɣǵ˵¡ 
ҲһڼҶ뿪ˣл·ûȤȥ˵û´ĻӦкܶҰɣ 
Ƶĵ·ǲҪȥ˰ɣ 
·ŵ棬õãȥҪҵ뿪 
л⣬ھͿ뿪 
ƵӦҪһˡ 
ͣߣİɣҵ书֮ϣġ·΢΢һЦл 
ڵģǲطԺͲˣͣ͵ۿϱ顣 
£΢ŭٶ죬߰ɡ 
Ҫߣ 
ѵ㻹˼ҹ 
硭 
ʲô 
Ҫҹ 
 


һ۾֪Ҷӣô˰лߵ·ߣһ㣬ԭϸĿ 
·ѾȡĺڽлȻһԲ 
лҲںһβһɤӵŲԭҰɣ㣬ȴûܾΡʵΪĸô᲻Լĺӣô뿪Լĺӣ 
·ڿ˿ڣΪʲôҪң 
Ҳ㣬ֻжŻչѡʱұ㣬Ͷ·Ҳܸ߱ĸ˭ԣֻܰиŻչˣ֪ЩΪϾʱҲǸʮĺӶѣңʵҲûб·ˡл̾Ҽ޸ѻŻΪֻΪ̰ͼٻŭ֮£ǶȥôЩһֱǣڿԼˡ 
Ҳ˵ϻģֻ֪ҵ˭·ǰˣ˭˭ѾȫҪǣȨ֪Լĸ˭ɣ 
л΢΢һҲ˵˭˵Ż㳤͵׺ˡ 
Ϊʲô˵ҵĸʲô˵Ұ· 
ңҼˣǸܣҪһڷĹܣҲܸκˣ㡣 
·ۿôи֮򣿡 
лֻǲ԰Ҳشκ⣬ԼˣҲܱ֪ⶼΪã֪˭ĸףЦġ 
ҲŲں˭ҵ׶֪ⲻǸЦ𣿡 
Ϊ˭Ҷ˵лҪޱҰɣҡôҲġ 
𣿡·һۣתұˡ 
л˵仰Сֿûйʲôĸ֮飬ȻȴôҲֲ 
·ŵ¥ȥ 


һ綹 
ѩһʲᣬ콣оš 
㿴Ȿд֧7000ϵȲҶ˿񣬵Ҷ˿Ǵգ۸񲢲ߣܻóôӣм۵4000 
Ҳ˵͵˶ľȺ콣֪ˣѻظһŮ֮Ƕ֧ط˴˶ľȺ·ӣҲ˸ɽѹӹظ󣬱ѻ֮ʱøˡ 
Ҳô²ġǲûҴˣľȺڽµİҾظˣҸҶ϶൱зһöӡѩЦƿһھƣʲᡣ 
ҹˡЦͣһֻʳ߽ϣԵ㶫ɣҸոպ͸ڽֽǼҵİӣζܲҶ๻ҹǵðһݻ 
Ƹ˽ǽȥظʲô 
콣ϲĵ¶ѣǲҲȥҿûȥʲô 
εͷȥģΪ֣һѣ˵Ҳûϵ 
ѩ΢΢һЦǶ˳λأ 
ͣ죬Ӧˡ 
ף콣һʵûʲô°ɣҪҪһȥ 
طеҪûϵġƵһۣ졣 
ͣ뵽·˱֪ط˵Ĺϵͷ磬´β˵ˡ 
㻹˵ƾȭ 
ͣЦʳд򿪣ȡһӸ콣ҹ࣬϶˰ɣһ 
콣ҲֽӹͶˣһֱûʱȥԣһ¶ǣ޵ζһ 
ѩҡҡͷЦ콣ôңոջʱ͸˳·ȥĸԣӡ 
ûϵģǸʱҲ˶콣İѩ磬϶Ҳˣһɡ 
ѩֻýӹԵϲһ˫ֻܶŰӣǵĲмҲ֪һ£Ц㣬Եôࡣְ˲ǡ 
콣ΪĵҪԵģֵˣ벻ԭҲóء 
ûˣѩǸĵǴˣ 
ŲǴĴأԼ˶Ƕ콣΢ЦſеǲǵһСʱûǮǣҿŽԣԾȥ͵һҴһ٣һδңҲһΡǱѾٺٵǮȥϰ壬˰ӳԣǴһ춼ûгԶΪΪǸʱûǮ 
ôõˣ㻹ǵáѩЦЦ԰ɣĻȥˡ 
磬㲻Ҫ¶Ϊ룬ҲΪԼ룬òã콣˱ⴽӣҾԼǷöࡣ 
ɵӣҵܵܰ˵ʲôǷǷġѩЦűסͷ 
ͣ磬Ϊʲô˼ҵֵܸ鶼ôãҾûôأ 
Ŷббո˭˵ҪҹҰҹȥŰ˼ҸӸԣ 
ǣǷҲ˵İҲԣҲҪԵģԲԣͣǿʶĵڳҲˣ԰Ƶͷڰأ֪жµļһ 



ʮ 
                  ж 


񽭺õĽ˭ 
ָչĬ 
ɴңҩȽɽԵǺɽձ޴Ǿѧ书Ѳ֮£һڵȣչĬչĬֻڣָΪƷɣȳȽɽ˰ݷ 


񽭺Ľ˭ 
罣ӷɡ 
쵶ط罣ΪԿִҷڳ˲С 
ķܼ򵥣һֻųĴָС׸ߵĵط£˭ǰɸ顣 
쵶ط罣ƽ֣߿顣 
ط罣Ҷƽճӷһԡ 
ӷֻһ΢սʣأһֻ쵶ųЦˣҲֻ΢Цýżһ裬边绨չʮ꣬ÿСȡ 


񽭺صһѽ˭ 
̩ɽ͡͡ 
˵֮Ϲ졣һգʹ⣬еὣ;½˶ȥֺ֮ܶȻȴ 


Щǽţˣȴǳͬһطͬһʦ 
ж󣬹 
ʮǰ֪һнһһ£֮ܵգ鷳֮ʱԽ 
Թ޵һ޵ڶ֮࣬˾ɽжˣڸжŵڡӴ˲ٳһ֪˳ˮ飬ΪһͣҲýϳսΪಫ 
⽣֮ǰӣչĬӷɺͶ͡ 
˳ͽϲɽԺ䰲ãж 
ʮѾûټ 


ôͻȻжˣƵѵжظʲôɣ 
·ҡͷǣͻȻ뵽ҵ常˵ǰжСĵӡ 
常ǹĵӣƴľ̾ѹ㽣˸ҲĶ֡ 
顱һƿϡ 
ѩЦȻйˣطлȻʹǵж֮Ȼйϵġ 
·һҲжйϵ 
˵ٳʱһ֪ҲչĬĽչ軨֪١ıһҲǽдѾõı衯չ軨ʧٺǱҲ䲻ˡȴطѩǡ衯չ軨ˣڣʧȻлչ軨Ͷйϵ 
콣Ҳ͵Ļĸ׶أչ軨ĵӣҲʲôֵ¡ 
ϵ常ʶġ·˵ͷҲ²ġ 
бҪȥһжˡͣϲɫ桢Ħȭƣǵطֻ˵ѣûȥصӣȥʶһˡ 
˵Ҫ𣿡һתͷ 


·ơͣȥжѾˡ 
굽ж·̲Զһ켴أǾûаϢء 
˵ǻ᲻ʲô鷳ˣ콣̲סʡ 
Ӧòɣֻȥһǰ£ʲôΣգѩطûʲô֣ 
콣չһŵͼÿ糽ʱţмʲᣬ϶࣬ʱ͵¥Էûʲô£ֱӻظʱϢδʱ̼ҽǢ⣬ʱͨǶһ˵ɢȻʱظ극ʼʲᣬҴһ£ϰ߲ˡ 
ûʲô쳣һֱ͵͵ûְɣ 
磬㲻ҵṦ콣Ĵ˸ָҲ˵ǾԲġ 
ѩظҴҵҪԸǲô׵ģʱҲԴһ֣ط˶ϾͶľȺǮ 
Ŷ콣Ӧʲôط˾ͷأ 
Ӧһܣңܺ·йءѩط˼ظʮ꣬Ŀǰصһ㡣 
˵·ӣ콣˼ĵɴۣܰɣ 
㲻ú𣿡ѩ΢΢һЦǵ̸Ӧòµ·ط˵˽ӣȥж󣬴굽׷ʲô£ҲԼĸס 
硭 
 
磬ҿ㣬ҴźûиĸҪöࡣ콣˽У磬ǷòãҪűˣҸطӰɣʲô粨ʲôǵ£뿪ɡ 
콣ΪŮߣøĸѪڲˣֻѩѵõĶ 
Ǵ磬Һܵİ콣סֵطĺжйĻǾԶģֻԼ鷳οľȺͷ֮ǵʤ̫С 
ѩ͵һ֣žĸһǶ⡣ 
콣ҵ̰Ϊ˲鷳Ϊ˲ԼΣգ˽Ĳ˸ĸʵӣôȥԾȪ֮µĸĸ 
콣ҧŴձø߸ֻһԲ 
ίĵӣѩʱܵ۰ı᲻һָϣոһʢŭг֣شòᡣ 
콣ɴôѩִƸ֣Ǵ̫ļӦ˵ģͻСЩ²֪ 
磬Ҷģʲôġ콣סᣬֻ᲻뿪磬鲻˳ܻܿ𡭡 
콣˵㲻µģһᱣ㣬ܵκ˺ѩôһ˵͵һס·ͻͻȻ뿪Լ 
磬Ӧң룬ҪҶһӡ콣ڻУҲ˲ձ½ۣӿһһȾţ콣ҪûдĵطţһӶԣ 


жԺԽСӡ 
ѾǵˡƵֻǺóԺúȵкǣҽ£Ǽʲô˼ 
ѵ˵ѾˣͣɵĿڡ 
İɣ˵ˣϲȫûϢǡƵң㿴ֹ糣ǲôܵӡ 
ǵΪʲôȥأ·˵ǹϼǣ 
ѾܾǣӦûͿͲǣֻǣʱ䣿ƵһͲϳˡ 



ʮ 
                   


дɫʵˡ 
û˸߽жΪҪˣһҪȾɹڵԽСͨſԡ 
һϮӷɸմܼ˵չĬͶڵҪ£̴ҴҸϵ 
ʦܣǻˣҺʹʦֺõȡͼ˷裬ֺȥ 
ӷɿһչĬֻǵͷ˼֧򢣬ְĴָϵָԼҲһۣҲ˵һ䣬֪д·ˡ 
׳ʲô£Ҳȥ¶ѣʱҲûʲô쳣ûʲô·ɣӷȻʵǶͣ۾ȴչĬ 
͵챿ôʦȽϺá 
ӷɼչĬǲ˵￪ʼôԽ𣿴ʦ㵹ǿڰ 
չĬ̧֣ͷ㻹ǲǵСʦã 
ӷԣӶʱֱˣһŵ˵л𣿡 
ǻĸСʦãչĬεҡҡͷ 
ӷüǺͶʦ˽ˣּ޵ؼȥ𣿡 
չĬǲǵõʱѾ裿 
ӷһǺӲǶһ˼ؼҵġ 
ǺûչĬص̾һǰ죬мҪݼʦҳȥӴǣһ·ģȻСʦóһģһչĬһģָΪ룬Ҳһַۣ˵ϡ 
ӷɼʡ 
Ѿڿͷ͵¡չĬȻĴû뵽һ졣 
ӷɵûкʦ 
ûУʦܲãҲҾ˼ҡ 
͵ҾͲ֪ʦڷʲôȻǱͽ֮ӣȻǾ͵£Ź洦á 
չĬһۣ˵˭Ǳͽ֮ӣ˭СʦǱͽˣ 
ѵǣδ黳Уһֱ˵ӵĸ˭չСʦܺһ뱾ţѵ⻹㱾ͽʹǲ 
СʦòͽǸӣǸǼùġչĬ˫ַǸӿ϶СʦģԼҪ֪£Сʦ֪Իڰ·ػȥ 
ʦ֣Ϊʲô˵ǺӾ˭ģѵѵͲŵĿģ 
չĬҲֻӷɣҲ֪ǼµģǸôźãӣʦǲߵġ 
ǾʦһˡӷɴǸһĨĪ΢Цһ뿪ǾûҪ׷ˣǣǻҳǼµ࣬ΪжΪʦҿԲϧһеġ 
üȻڲ˽ǲǿԸҵ꾿ʲô£һͷˮˡ 
ӷûĿһ۵˭㰡ϴһҺʹʦֶ֪ˣôһʲôأ 
ˣչĬͻȻСʦǹһ˼ؼңһֱڶʦߵģôʦôж󣿡 
ѵʦܳʲô£ӷɺɵĿ˵Ȼʦʱ䲻ʴӱԽ֮ϣӦû˶Ըǡ 
ϾֻǸʮĺӣôһֱûйϢ㲻ͲأչĬȭݺһƵ֮Σ귢°㶼й¶ȥ 
ô⼸սǻӷɳɵ֪Ϊʲôֲĸо 
һҧȻ֪굽׳ʲôǲй¶ģȻΣжʦǾһݡƺݺһУǰҲô˽һ׮¡ 
չĬҲڴ˾ей¶ڷ磬ʦ֪±סˣǲˡ 
ӷȭڴ취߰ɣǶԵȫ֪ĻûбҪɱģϾСʦ޹ġ 
չĬСʦǿ϶©һֵķԣ֪֮µˣҼ룬ǶڶԣֻҪʲô֪ĻҸڴ߱ǡ 
ã±졣ӷչĬ΢΢һЦĵСֿó׳ˡ 


лƽһڳʱŵ˸вĿȻȥ¥ϲһζ֭ȣϰ﷽ü˼䡣 
콣ѩԶһӱߣŷ¥ֵļƲˣʮµŮ졣 
ûзеĲɣ콣ÿμлƬʱ򣬿ӶỬһ£˵£ûмȡ 
ѩͷƽʱôûôϸĹ 
콣ЦҵŵܶأֻǴ㶼ûзֶѡ 
꣬ˣ书ܺáѩ۹ɨ¥ݡ 
Ŷ콣ͷȥȴѩסͷ𿴣Сı֡ 
¥ݴһˣݶߣһɫӣȻвݣɫ԰ףüĿӢòǿϱһѹŽ 
лҲˣɫŹֵĿ 
˱лҲһĶ档 
᲻·ĸף콣ĵֹ 
ѩһ۵˵ĻǾסطһѱˡ 
˿ڵʦ㣬һɺã 
ʦܵĸ⼸ûлеСһ 
˵ֻʦһ£ 
лҡͷҲ֪ 
ʦѵҪңûҹ𣿡 
֪ĸ˭û 
ԭˣ֮󾵻ȥ 
лԼ˱ƣȻˣסҲ˵Ҫȥ 
ʲôҲûΪʲôȨ֪ĸ˭𣿡üԭͲ԰׵Ƥ·˼֣͸ɭ 
лһ˭˵ģֻҪ֪һ£˭֪ܣᱻ׷ɱġ 
ѵ 
ʦܣ㲻ôӳжİɣлĿ 
Ż̾ͻ£㲻˵ҲҺҲɡ 
ʦܣȻѾôãҲѾôˣǰ£һ˵ĺãҾһллҰѾôллչ˵ôáл˾Ʊ 
ŻͻȻʲôˣȥжˡ 
˵ʲôлʱñ԰ף㶼˵Щʲôö˶˵ô뵽ȥж󣿡 
˵ԼжӣȻǺܾǰˣò𰸣пܻȥж¡ 
ô죿л̧ͷ 
ô죿Żվھȥж󡣡 
лæҺһȥ 
Żһۣԭ㻹ǹġ 



ʮ ׷ɱ 


ڿϼˣֻ·һȥж 
ôſϼˣӺô󡣡ֹͣţʵֻǲԼڱ֮УΪʲôֻϼһأǲǳ̫»ŵˣ 
ͣ񣬱˵Ƶһۣ·ԼҪǧСģôãͻȻֿϼˣʲô԰ɡ 
߹ǰֻڲʱء·ЦŰοǣûϵģǷĺˣԼСĵġ 
·ӣߡǰ·жӴ·߳ԽСӡ 
жԽС֮󣬱ɽߣȴ·ͨж· 
ʣ㵽Ҫȥ·Ҳԣ̲ס 
·ӣʦӵɽͤүӡһֿʲô 
·֪ΣҲţֻ· 
ӹȻɽָǰһ˽ͤ·ӣˣҵδټӽүӣ·ǰ 
·һжȻ˹ɭϣ 
Ҳ룬ǰ棬ڴѾõĴ𰸺֮ˡ 
·ӣ߽˰˽ͤ 
·ͤһĨӰţ⵭ӳ·һȦ⻷Χ 
ʣ˾ǱΪĹ 
·Ĺ񣺡ǰǶŻӣǰǰΪ֪ǰһЩ£ϣǰԸ߾ 
֪Щʲôַסӣһ£һͷ׷԰׶ݹ᾵֣Ҳһǻϵġ 
·һ£֪ļ²źãߣӦǣĸ׵±ȽϺðɣʦ֪ġ 
ǰ˵ҵĸлҲǰĵӣ֪ǲġ 
ĸΨһһŮӣ뿪жҪҲͲˡ 
ǣǰɲԸңĸΪʲôԭ뿪жأ 
ĸѻԼظ 
ôΪʲôȴûиĸߣ常ң 
ҾͲˣӵ˽£һ򶼲ܵġ 
ǰһ¡ 
ʰɡ 
ǰ֪ĸ׼ظʲôʱɣ 
һ˰εˣҲˣֻǵǶ죬źܺѩĸ׽ظҲûж󡣡 
·ʧ̾һʲô𰸶ûеõ 
㻹ʲôҪ𣿡 
ûˡ·ͷɥĵұΪǰŻ֪ҵĸ˭Ҳˡ 
ĸӦѻɣΪʲôɣֻߣĸϣڶŻѧϰ 
ĸҳظġ·ĸ뿪жͼظӦû뿪֮ǰͳˡ 
תĸ׺ѻ̥ᣬ㣬֮żظδУ֪Ļţԣи˶Ż 
𣿡·ŲϵݣƲԭˣһģ 
㻹ʲô֪𣿡·е㲻 
ûˣǰûʲôҪԸĻʹ˸ˡ·Ľ꣬ĺ 
ȻʹȥҲ˵ûɻģѻĶӣΪʲôֱĸײأ 
˵ţͻȻȻϵɵȴԽԽ࣬ңԽԽǣж 
ѵҵĸжˣ 
ͷԼҲһϸҲǲܣлδУ˵ԵĻж˱ѻѻĶӣл᲻˭ 


Ҵ뿪·֪һֱԶƵʦ֣ȥסˡ 
㿴 
׷ɱɡ 
ֻǡ 
ʦ֣ٸ֮ˣһ¶޿ء 
ǡ 
ʦ֣ҪʦжҪ 
ðɣ׷ɱ 


硭콣Ѱѩ 
лͶŻɽ£˲ûнԽСӣֱƵ˺ɽѩ콣ȥԽСӿƵǷԼȥ˺ɽ콣ǱԽСӺûˣҲûҵƣȴҲѩˡ 
ˣֻɽµˡ콣ıһô¡ 
žһͷϡ 
콣һϿʱȴһֻɹ̧ͷϣһֻС굽ֻ̽ͷ¿ 
ܿɰСһȻɹңҲץúôһƨɣѵѵ㡣콣Ĵһѹ𣬽ż֦һֻ̰Сȥ 
С׷ŵգºС۾ͷܣë׵Ĵβ˦ԽԵÿɰ 
㻹𣿹ԹԹ˵ԲȻĵҵĳҾĹС콣ṦãҼ䴩磬ȫӰ졣 
ֻС׷ᣬһҲͣŻǱӣͽСжݣ콣βץסȴӵ 
ҾͲŽץס㡣ӵ콣ʤּɰֻȽ˭Ķ졣 
ҾͲŽò㣡һȣŵȫעץС콣ֻûӴܵһЩȥ 
ۣûиô˶𣿡콣̽ͷȥȴ·Χ֮УΧסǵˣȻжӣѹǱԽСӶûʲôˡ 
ոһ·Ĵ콣֪˭ֻ˽Ƴ裬·ǲУڽڰˣʮǱǱߵƺͣѹǵĶֻһˣ߳бֽ磬Ҳܲ 
ۿһбֱͣؿڣ·󾪣ƫԼǴӲסԹҲϾܵ˱ˣ 
 
һĨס˿콣Ѿͷ㻹ŰɣЦԭͣҧ£ȴֻ˷ܡ 
콣ȥôҶˡ 
˵ˡ콣Цһ֣ȥԱ߰ɣǵ㹦򣬿ɱûŮһغˡ 
ֹͣ˵ôͷʰ㡣֪Լ书ֻǣ۱ˣԶԶ˿ˡ 
콣ЦŶ˵ºÿĽؾжġ罣ӷܴˣ콣̸µĿ콣 
ӷɻͷһֱûҲû˵չĬһۣ콣ͻȻЩ±ҪҲϲá 
չĬһͷ˹ж˽£ûбҪ°ɣ 
ûбҪ˵㣬˵㡣콣Цһ⣺ǲϷ뿪˶ԲԣȻˣ콣Ҳ̫û¶Լ· 
ôͽˡչĬһ֣ͻȻһָ磬ֱ콣ͷ 
콣˵־Ͷ֣һͣ˿ϣɢ䣬һʱŭߣӳϼ죬˷޴ǽӰ޴ӱ 


ʮ 
                  Σ 

콣ȻչĬĶ֣չĬȻֻҪ֪Ѷˣδɱ֣ʴ콣ǿ֧ŵסͣ󣬹ǴҪӷɵĿ콣Ȼ첻һʱҲصס 
·չĬҲսţԽŭһǿĶͱƿһжҪԸӦֻһɣȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪɱңºҵ޹أǷǰɣҸߣǴñǡ 
˵㲻ٳ֣չĬָʾ 
ӷҲһ£Ͽ콣΢٣ʦ֣ô 
ʲôôѵΣʱѿܵôҲ̫Сˡὣϡ 
ӷû뵽һ·Ҳϣ벻һУŭʦ֣ȻԸǾһ̺ˡ 
չĬ̾Ҳգһˣ󻼡 
콣˻һڣ֪ҪɱţԼ书Ʋλųµһ͵չĬĶ֣һԿæ 
չĬ̧ĵ˵ѩ콣ֵӲжôֻһˣǲ㣿 
콣һЦ㻹˽ҰͻصֱչĬʺ֪չĬڳУȻԼ޷мܣ˳һ֣潣չĬܣʼղʺҡ 
չĬʱ䣿ǵȲˡһ콣ĳ 
ֻʳжָ侹һС̡죬ָ֪ 
ԭˡ콣ݸһЦȴ˿ɫҿ֪ԼôģҲԩˡ 
չĬϧĵҲʵں᲻ɱˣܶ£ֻΪ˵ԣֻܹԼô˰ٸʵ׵ѡ 
ƻӳһĨķâббν 
콣֪ǲֻӲͷƤӽ񣬶һӰͻȻײ˽ǰ콣޹أ㻹ǿ߰ɣ 
̼ͣ콣Ϊ˾ԼΪͦչĬһ 
콣־ŭ֮ʣѾûбѡˣۼſ·ҲչĬĽתűƽϵҶҲнĩɢ 
Ѫ΢콣ؽһĨǽȾѪƬ̣ѳѪ죬콣̳ͦϾѪɫչĬԿ 
µķѪȻеáչĬЦЦ߶Խɭǣֱƹ 
콣ֻ˷Ŀѹ޷һͣͷȥȫ˳ȥԼȴƽؿһһѪڽ֮С 
콣ͣʧۿ콣չĬĽ֮С 
ѽΪ콣ӷɳ룬磬ֱĿ¡ 
·գ´ңۿŶ͵ؽͷ£мܡ 


ѩһ·ٶŻлɽԽԽҲ֪ȥ²ɿʼ콣 
硭硭ˣģ֧Ųסˡ㱼䣬콣΢ңԶһƱİ㣬޷ 
һƵ̣·ʱһ㡣 
콣ˡһԼֱÿ콣ΣյʱоȻҲ⡣֮䣬·ĳĬ˴Էķ˵֮ŻָӦҲûʱȥᣬĬȴüμʱ콣 
ҧ˭ҪǸ콣ԲԷ׻ȥ 
֪콣ڵλãô죿 
ôãûʲô֣ڵţǰͻȻһˣǶŻһ˫ɫӶȻɫ԰ףȴεѹ 
㡭 
һ֪ڸң̸ܵܵӦʶģԲԣ֪ڵ𣿡 
Ҳ֪ҵܵܵҲ֪ˡѩѾϾ˵ֻ֪ҵܵΣգȻҲпǺ·һģɽ֮ǰȥԽСӡ 
ô֪ܵΣգŻɵĿ 
֪Ҿоѩתȥʲôº˵ɡ 
ŻһȻɽ³ȥٻͷлһҲ޷ֵܼĬʱǷǳ΢ģҲȻǺܵأ 
Ǹȥңл˵ӿѣŻ 
ô뿪жģŻüʦܻµԣ϶Ǵʦǹʼʩ 
ʦ֣Ӧ֪ 
ңʱԲġŻ΢һüҪϿ죬һĻ 


ĽͻȻһɢ콣ĽѳĿ֮£ѪĴ䣬бָ棬ɫ԰ףȴǣǵЦʧȥĲá 
ҡˡ콣ЦţһѪѵ˴ߣȴӲȥ̧ȥǵѪ˿ʧɫĴǳǳѪӳüȻ 
չĬ֣ܲ벻Ҽ겻ˣϧʹҰţҲܾ뿪 
ûϵҺһ𡣡ǰ 
ӷɫŹֵĿٿһԼĳĽ֪ʲôȱһ顣 
ڳҪ̴Ƶؿʱ֪һ鲻֪壬˽ӹһѡ 
ҡ·ɢҵԵߵߡ 
ҲһȻһ£·ӦûվŶԣҲ֪Ϊʲô·ס콫˼ýպ·ǰɨǰδˡ 
ʦ֣ж˲ٹءӷɵȻҲֵ˶Ǳߵ 
кܶһΪֻһءЦУһԱߵȻأߵ·ߣȵļͷҿƯû°ɣ 
·еεƿŭ·񣬸ոôΣգôҲ֪æ 
ιϴҪҰǣھֻΪոˡ˲ƲһƲ书ѧôȻ˽ɽҲɽҵҡ 
˵常 
԰ʧٺ󣬸˵㲻׸磬Ҳ׵Ҹֻ·߼ĺӶѣȻͺܲεɽ׷㣬˵ʲôϿȥһɱ֮ʲôġ·۹ɨչĬˣЦѵָһ𣿡 
·񣬲ҪûòǶ常ͬʦֵܣӦýʦŶԡ 
ʦ·Ũܵĺü߸һ˫ƯĴ۾·˵⼸ɱǵļһʦ 
ȻеΣչĬȻڵŻǵʦܡ 
รǵʦܰ·ѱһָչĬҸ˵Żʦܣ£Ҫ뵱ҵʦҿԸ㣬ûš 
·󾪣һ·ô˵̫ûнˣ常Ҫֻᴷض˵Լûа̺á 
ô᣿̵ͦõİ·ȻҸոôһ־;סһָһָ͵һֻѣûʲôµģȻ򲻹ǸǶ 
ǣҲǸ¾ȵ𣿡Ҳ֪˰аæһ 
㰡·бۿ˿ֲʶ㣬Ҫ㣿̧ͷһߵеǱߵĺѣ϶̫ûģ 
ӷЦȻöడ 
ֻһһˣѩͷϽڣ˫ָϣȴ顣 
ƶϣƺ콣һô 
·ƶϵĵ㻹ʲô£Ͽ˸ȥš 
ʲô˼һ²Ѿ˽ôͣ󾪣ץȥţǣλԲǺ¡ 



ʮ Ծ 

ƶĿƣʵ벻ޣ 
ôˣҲ˲дڲ࣬һץסʵǲǴȥôûУõûУƴǻ쵰ָʲôݵĻ£ 
һ۱ץһŵ䣬ƶֻ΢΢üתͷ콣أҪҪޣү˵εº󣬶ǺǺ棬Ҳǡ 
ŶԭôרȥޣǼλүǡһŤͷȥʲôÿģһһ졣 
ǿɲһͣСЦֹˣ໥Ȥô˻ᣬзŹĵ 
㲻үӶԴмӣ˵ء 
Ѿͷô˵˼ǿˣ˵żҵģ˱ӣһƶϵľͷҲģȻ˵㣬迴ŵͦƯأãȥҲء 
ͣǺһƶϣҲ֪˵ʲôźá 
콣ԽԽ񻰣üǻ棬취ɣ 
̤жڵģʲôˣһɲչĬɱ 
ܻѾõһڵӷӵϡ 
ιҲ׵ܵܣҲûҪһҾΣаɣ 
˭ˣԼƤǻá 
˵ǵҪҪȥţ 
㵱ҪϵеôҪȥ׼ҪϣȥŸʲѽʹʹʹͣҸ 
磬㻹ں˵ʲôû˼ҰҪˣ 
Ⱥͷ˻˼Ц֪ͲˣһûŸأҲ̫ԩˡ 
˵֣жڣ书ҲԷǷ֮οչĬԻӣô׵£ 
ƶϲжʲôףڲ˵±ܿһֽһֵĹƣһߵչĬչʺж޶ԹûбҪɣ 
ʮ٣¹ϵ̫ҵȲò²ߣţҲ޿κ֮¡ 
Ȼչ˵һҪжˣƶϱ֣ô˵֪֣ƱԼҲñڴˡ 
ڵ£ΧκӡչĬ֪˵ãõǰװʴõɢ 
ôҪչĸˡƶϹһ֣ȴתƵҽվҲǰ׾ȵģȴ˼ˣȥһˡ 
ιûдӦƴУȴֻõͣһǰۡ 
չĬԪһԭأֵʹֻǰƶϳС 
ƶ΢΢һЦʵĵչжŰҲжž綾ҪСˡ 
δ䣬Ҳ֣ͻȻһŰ׹⳯չĬȥһΪһһҼлϡ 
չĬֺỮݺᣬŰ׹ΪΣǰ׹⾹δ𣬶ΪģٴϮ 
ƶϼһʱ޷ƽ⣬һЦ¼â΢ţëϸչĬ 
ʮ٣СǲܴҵġչĬһ˫ƷɳԸ꼤ɢȴǰ׹⣬һ𣬽׹ߡ 
𣿡ƶֻ΢ЦǿĽ 
һ仨ָ䣬ɫĻ꣬뿪ϣ΢ۻƵĻ 
ӻꣿӷɾУǶ仨뿪ƶϵָ 
£ŭŵӻ׹¶ҲƬƬɢ䡣 
ʦСġӷɳǰеĶһһ䡣 
ûõģӻһ֣Լƽⲻˡƶϵӻ֮µˣӦþҡ 
Ϊʲôô𣿡̫ͣôһССĻʲôô 
оԭ׻𵯣Ҳ֪ڽű˶٣һը죬Ǿ綾֮մѪƬ̱ 
չĬӷΪ˹ȫԼҲ֪˶ٶ룬ϣ϶ǻ꣬ƶһ˵ŭ˫Ŀȵɣ 
磬޲ýƶһ͸ģŭַԲ֮أƶϱѹƣ޴ܡ 
Сģ콣Ͻ콣ȴոսѪչĬĽһݲȥ 
·ƶܲ𽣶׼չĬ˹ȥȴһѹ£һʣҲΡ 
ιӣ㲻Ҷ֣ѽ͸ģ㻹ǸȻС㡣 
ӦȥŵģǰɣƶϾӭչĬתͷ˵ô䲻ʹĻ 
ҴӦ㡣Ҳ֪ͻƽһסƶϵ䣺ҴӦ㣬Ҫȥ 
ƶ΢΢һЦסһһϸϸɳģֱչĬ 
ʦ֣Сֽҩȶʦ֡ƽĴ⣬ʱͻȻϸ 
ӷɿЦˣʦղסˡжһȫɫ 
ǣôУʦ֣ͦţʦһа취ġ 
ңû¡ӷǿһתͷչĬɫͻȻ䣺ãһһ죬ǡűɱһ֣Ŀͷ 
ʦ֡ոոĶŻлǽȲˡ 
콣ոû°ɣѩôҲѰ˹ 
ƣ˶֪ƾԼܾȵκһ 
չĬĽƶѾܲ 
ƶϵһһҲһչĬ 
ۼѳ֮ơ 


ͣһ 
ƾһֱ뽣֮Уһƣƶϴб˳ȥһһҲ˻ȥ 
˭жڶһͬʱոջΣɾȵѾת䡣 
չĬһأ³ֻһܣ򵹣ʦ 
ʦӷɺͶҲһ¡ 
ŻתͷһлҲŹ£Ը··񣺡ҹ¡ 
ˣж˹ 



ʮ  


һһݶİΪáһ۱÷˳ȥƶϣ̾һ 
ƶϻƣһˤ£ƸϽƶʵ㻹ðɣûˣ 
û¡ƶ˵ţһԽסԼ֡ 
Ʋ˼ķſ֣ץץͷ˵ʲôֻץץͷ 
һ۹صжӣȻжˣξ֪ʷжڶ 
չĬӷɶһۣҿ 
ȴʦǲĻΪǴɽ 
ɤŴһ˶ˣƵЦҪǲɽͽɱˣ˵ 
·ȴԽԽԣ̲ס̧ͷ˹һۣһۣĿɿڴðβһԼǹҼĹӵġ 
Ż󾪣ҪǳչĬӷɲ԰ҲԼµ˼֣һ·㲻 
΢Цתͷ濴ոǵĿӦĵӰɣʲô֣ 
·ոֻ棬Ѿ֮ˣһתѩɫҲǲ԰ѩ˿ںڵĳһ˫綬ҹǣȫ޷еĲɣ֮˲Żе֮ò˵ǶʮҲԣʮͷҲ 
ҼĹǰ°׷ĲԲߣӣҲȫԡ·֪ЩطԣѵչĬѵƭңΪʲôƭҶʲôô 
ȻǲҡЦЦͻȻôȻҲʲô£òСлĶӰɣ 
Сл·һָ˭ 
лʦҶӣǺӣǺӵһزˡǶʦܵӣҶӡ 
·㵵Ŀȫ֪ô¡ 
磬ҴŲµˣأµûУ콣ոˣһֱѩУ˵ĶԻȴһһڶڡ 
ѩֻŵƣﻹܱ£üҶԹϢһ£˯Ȼʹɽ˵ļ£ûϵġ 
ͣȴǺ棬콣µôô˵Ǵˡ 
ôҾ㣬Ҳǲİ콣Ȼ۲ѩУŬＷ˼ѡ˸λÿʼ˯ 
ͣȻòᣬתͷٿƺƶһƸʲôûУ 
ƲͻȻԼһѣһᣬˤƶæһס 
ڸʲôǺС 
ͣҲû뵽Ȼ㱻ԼƷҲһ£Ȼұûǵ˵ʲôѡ 
ҲûϣԶˡָһָչĬҲºкܴϵ 
ֻչĬʦ飬Ϊ˵ǲɢӣɽ˵ 
ûҪҡҡͷʮһֱڵĻСлѵǻϻϹͷҲĿˣֺαô⣿Щӵǿ뿪һȺ˹ʲôӣҲɡ 
ʦչĬ˵ʲôһֹĻͷʵ㲻˵Ҳ֪Слͻ뿪жӦúйأԲԣ 
ŻʦǵӴʦ뿪жġ 
أɡ 
·񼸲ܵŻͷӣҸ˵ǲ׵֮㲻ҪΪ˸ǸŮ˽ֱ£ӸӸ㡣ȻǲóµˣôŮƭҲһָգһĵԣԺøһ㣬㲻ֻ֪ᱻĸŮƭȥ˱ 
Ż˫ԲɣҪǵŹ棬ͰСץʹһˡ 
Цۿ˿·񣬵ӣ 
ʦ 
˵꣬·ŵҲŲӣ̫Կˣױ²ܡ 
Żȵסڡͷ̲סҪ·͵ˡ 
·ĶͷͷӣҲ˵ˣԼҸؿı 
Żһ۵Զ㡣һ˵һȴԼƶŲԶԶġ 
΢Цлأǣ;Լˡ 
ʦһҲϡŻϵĵ뿪жʱһȫһ仯 
ңΪʲôҪ뿪ж󡣡ֱ⡣ 
Żһл궬죬ʦҪˣ뵽չʦǸ˵䣬Ҫ׼̿̿𲻹Եֿһ̿ȥ߹ʦַʱʦֺͶʦᵽʦ㣬˵Ӽù⣬ʦֻԣҪ취ʦʱ취ú 
һԲչĬӷһۣʹСлжⱿͲ֪ң 
ŻҶ˵ֻǴͷ 
·СĺܱأǰǲҲбǼһ۸ûϵֻҪͷȻа취ʰǡ 
ҹԶһ㡣ŻȭͷŬԼҪſ 
лʦضʦܵ£뿪ġ 
Сл㡭ΪʲôȻлģǸˡ 
ӸǲӦĺӰʦչĬ̲סˡ 
Ӧĺӣ 
·һʱܽϢȻ֪ǸָԼΪʲôΪʲôԼǲĺӣ 
ǲӦĺΪʲôΪʲôҪ·ɢңѪǻң·ȫȻû˵硣 
л̧ͷ棬ʵǰ㱾ǲĺӣֻǣֻ᲻á 
·ֿ常ŻҲŤͷ¸Ǿ룬ΪʲôΪʲôҲñ 
˵˵һϺȣҹĶӣ˭˵㲻ñ 
ʦչĬл˵ð 
СлЩ²ǲȥԾͿԵûзȻһЦҹһɱ֣аħСˣҲ˿屡죬ͼ飬ʷģ˵ۣΪʲôҪôںѵĹﲻɣȻҶӣҾûвϵĵҵӣΪʲôͲԼ޸ң 
ʦСʦãСʦǽŮչĬȻ¡ 
էŴԣɵöһɫʱ䣬Զȸո˵·ĶøǾ档 
ֻǾ棬ֱǾڡ 


ʮ  

֮괳ʶһλ֪չ軨ҲպչĬĽ㣬չ軨ͻȻʧдӴʧȥϢ 
˶֪չ軨һ£Ҳ֪Ϊ׷Ѱչ軨䣬̤߱ʮʡȴǿֶء 
˿̣̹·лĺӣչĬȴͻȻ˵лչ軨Ůһϵ֪˱õ 
ΪʲôлҪŻ뿪ж 
ΪʲôչĬӷҪĺӲܳ 
Ϊʲôл˵·ĸ˭ 
ΪʲôչĬӷɷֲ·ĸѻʱϧɱ 
ΪʲôлչĬ˵·ǲóĺӣ 
ΪʲôлոҪƭ˵Ѿˣ 
ԭֻΪлչ軨Ůչ軨ȴǹʧİ¡ 
ôлѵ 
ǹŮ콣ȴߵƶϵҿǣǹŮѵ᲻֪ 
˵лչ軨ı衯˹£չ軨ʧٶ꣬˭֪ǲǱĳҲʱѾҲ˵Ҳۡ 
ûɹ֪չĬ֪ˡƶҡҡͷҲš 
֪֪СлСŮˣǵľһҲ⣬òΪСŮҵŮɣ 
ƶ΢Цſһƣڲסеĵ֮ɫ 
콣ȴ䣬ж顣 
Ҳã򵥵¡ƽİƶһۣһ콣ļͷͶ 
𣿡ֵƶϵ۹⣬콣ЦЦôãѽؿڸոոչĬĽˣܲ 
ƸϽסСĵ㣬ϰɡ 
콣Цתͷѩ磬Ҳ 
ѩ߹뻳У˻ĵܣ㲻˵̲סĵʣʹ𣿡 
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Ҫ߰ɡѩת׼뿪ȴչĬ֣һվסҪȥ 
ѩתҺж󳶲ϹϵǵĳҲûͷҵܵܶˣҪɽԷȥ 
У¾Բ˿й¶ɽУӮ˵չĬѼͷҲٹ˲ȣ˵ž 
ĵĬҲǵн޹˳ 
չĬ֪ڹԼ¶ţ鼱֮£Ҳ˲ˣʦҪ 
ֶҹ˷üڳӲˣԾͲʦĻˣǲǣ 
ӲҡչĬݺݵһѩ˵ʲô 
ѩ΢΢һЦһۻеĵܵܣʵոǱĽˣԲԣ콣ش𣬷һ 
ѩչĬԶƷѵչĬؿڣһּͣչĬмܲؿһһѪӲƳ 
˺콣ֻǻرѣȰһ䣬չԺŽ۸ˡѩջܵܵͷԵոճƵʱ򣬿˿ûУؿڻʹʹ 
дڣ콣ô£콣ǰͷһµȥߡ 
ˣչĬ˼ҵ£ҹѻ˵㵱Ϊʲô밵СлĺӲܳüòΪСлҵŮԾ͸ɳɣ 
ʦʧǰĸѻУþҪޣѵѵǸ˲ʦôչĬͷϣҲ˲üҳˣֱѯ 
һСǸʱˣѹ֡ 
ѹʲôչĬȭͷȫڲ·Īĺš 
˵ҵҸҪԼúչԼڶ죬ʧˡ̾ҵƭһֱȴûаϢΣй£СлжңǸ˹ 
лСлĸ׵Ҵһţ˵Ůȴ˵Ǹ˲ĸףҲҪ㣬СһõѣŮһֱ㵱ԼŮչˡ 
ҹȻʦŮôлϲ˾ˡ˾˵Ůһ̣Һ޲Լ˲źãȻҲ֪˾˵ûǣ⺢ӣ⺢ӣʼ޹ģԣҽжʦܴ뿪 
㵱ԼŮȴǵȹ֮£ûϣĺӣʲô·ߵĴĻأʲô⵽ҵĹϵԼ˵˵ 
ĬţлҲĬţչĬҲ˵ʲô 
ôǲǣ·ȭͷָģһ˿Ѫص䣬лĵ˵ɣ㹴ǿ㣿ҶںˣԼ£˵𣿡 
ž 
ŻһǶðǣһǸֶòĺúӣҲǵаҲǸող֪ȻʦĶӣҶʦ㣬ҲӦĸסһ˱ܣκ߿࣬ѾǺܲ׵ˡ 
ôôǣ·ڵء 
̾һ£ҪӰĬɣȽɽ˵𡣡 
һ꣬չĬȽɽ󣬲û˺ɣǽж󣬽áȽɽϵҪɣϣԼִͽ 
˵ʵ飬Ƚɽ̰»òʲ£Լ飬ĸײƣ֮£Լʮ˾ɱڣɵ½õʦ֪ͨʹŭʶǱǣ¹Ȼʵ޿̣Ƚɽںɽ޴йߣֱչĬƷ 
ŰɣȽɽжɶʡ 
ȽɽΩ¶жֻùлˣн¯֮ڣԵˣ¶ּӺлòɫĴ󶯣ƴҩͺɢô˻˹ݻһٻȽɽȽɽʣġͺɢ˾Ϊһʱ붾̣иͬ˶лһʱԳ֣´¡ 
磬ôǷţ콣СѩߵôϾʲôطԾ 
ѩЦ̫࣬Զʲôš 
ֱ̫࣬ҵֱһĳЩֱˡ콣͵ۿƣӣҲڻʲôء 
ˣ˼ҵļ£ôʲôѩʳָʾ 
·ţǵûбҪƭ㣬´ȥҲʣȻҶˣƭʲô 
ѵ㡭ҸףǣΪʲô·ȻȫʵҾȻֻΪҩµĺӣҡҹȻǡóȽϺ𡭡 
ҹΨһĶӣ˭˵㲻óˣԺжɣôˣһֱСлڿԿƽҲܰοתͷлСлԺǻжأǻظȥ 
лʦȻ⿪СлûʦȷҶɽûȷСлѲظµĻҵСлʱӦ֮꣬һҪظĲҵԣʦˡСлܻжʦˡ 
ͷ˵ûûչĸӵΣǱҲʵڲӦðظһ֮ġ 
·һ۶Żֿһ۹ףϲƬ̣ҪϰߣҲʵǰ첻 
Ż˼΢ЦʦôһֱƮ⣬ѵûһˣʦòôϵ߰ɣ 
Ȼ֪˼µҲҼ죬Ϥ༸ҲǺõġ 
Żûüͷ·ѾԣȻԣµĻҲҲôһʦһӣﻹʱң 
£ɲ˵㣬οҲû˭ɣ߾ߣҵۡŻ޿̵ѵ 
鰡鰡ûȻˡ·Ҳҵİš 
Ĺϵ֡еЦõĿžļˡ 
常ദģҿϰ˰ɣҲûùʲôֵġ·͵±Сԡ 
ҿǰɣ콣͵ЦӦֻǽ常ıСѡ 
ף·һʱûĻƻع콣һɫ˱㶼ЦƶҲЦ 
磡콣ѩͷҶˣɽɡ 
ȻȻᶼ⿪ˡչĬͷ˼ǣһεĵλԽС÷ɡ 
콣ԼҪܾ·վĸ׵ľ˾ˣһϵҲֽ˵Ҳǲʶˣɽ϶һҲ޷ģȨҲá 
Ȼ˵Ҳƴǡ 
콣еĹģͻһ£΢Ц˵Ҳǣ磬ʵڶˣԷҲһġ 



ʮһ  

·Ҳһϲ£콣Ҫƣô˵Һ;ǹһѵģҲһһⱭ 
չĬΪ·˾ƣҵᣬźþʦӲϣҸոƲأȻҪԶˡ˵ãһ͵ˡ 
콣Ҳˬ죬һںȸ˱оƣһǰĽǳ뻯˾壬һҪǰһϲǰ뾵ϣԺлʱ򣬻Ҫǰһ½ǰǧߴͽ̡ 
һ£ǰֻһ裬޾ˮ־ٱһϲƣԲưɡʵӵĽѿɲһ֮УȻԺͰĬĽ࿹⣬ʵڲ򵥣ֵĹ򣬸Ǹ߲ɲ⡣ 
ǰ̫佱ˣ;ѣǰҪôҺ콣ǡ콣һתЦ˺գǰҲһƣһƶѣġ 
չĬϽʦ΢˵ҪƵĺãʦⱭưɡ 
ǰʦƵģӾͲҪ˼ΪˡлҲ 
չĬлһۣ죬콣һпڣ㲻ǿ˵Ȼǰ岻ѣҲǿǰͺá 
ڵ䣬콣¿ʵôˣ 
ڱ˼ҺȾһܲòСС˵ 
콣Цƫͷûа̫ࡣ 
²̫̫࣬ɣƶһۣ·͸˼͵Ц 
รѵҲʲôˣ콣ŴۣԽƿƶϡ 
Ŭһ£ȴòֻ֧ȫأȻ콣֣ѹԼϻǼ൱£˲ĵһ㣬ѹҵθˡ 
콣ԹĽë΢һĨת⽫΢࣬ļȥ 
ͻȻʩӵһʱϵȥҺƶһѣŽס 
㡭ƲͻȻһֻѹסУܹܲһ㣿 
ŤתͷߵƶϣŭҲأأ 
ƶлĪ˼Ĳأ΢һץ 
ιƼʱô˼ЦֻСģſңſң 
ԭҲͻأȴ·Ưɷĺֱֱιͷӣ˺һء 
ݺһǱͷϣŻİҪʦʦҪȻСʱҵҲԡ 
Ҫһҵˣ·ʼ״˯ʱѱȫȥҶѣ˵ʱҪûзΣƷʱҲҪҳܱⱻЩռˣÿκȾƶȻҪչ㡭 
ұ졣Żǵͨ죬ǺݺһǱȥ 
ʦͽŴЦЦĵ 
콣ЦţǼ΢壬ֻСľʦͽ 
̾ѩͷˣٺˣǸող˵ˡ 
ʲôһС˶ѣ˵ġ콣Ƽۣһ֪ɫ 


չĬˣ·ж󰲶ٺú󣬵˹ķ䡣 
Ĭ鶼ôվ£ɵ˴ϣûʲôˣȥɡ 
ʦм£ͽ֪òʡչĬ˼ţԥԥĿ˿ڡ 
ʲô£㾡޷ʦͽʲôÿģ͸ոȣͻȻࡣ 
չĬʦΪʲôҪϾĶӣ 
˵ǡЩŭ˵ڴһģʹƺһ 
ʦչĬ󾪣ʵôˣ 
ҡҲ֪̾һĬ°ɣ¥£Ҫκ 
ʦչĬŵ̤ʦܣ 
ҽ¡ʹĴӴϹµء 
չĬ£һѽ𣺡ʦ㻹ðɣ 
ԭͷת˲ѳѩף԰׵ȴǵͨ𣬲ָץסչĬ䣬ϢŵոաոյĲ˾ơ 
ƣչĬͻȻˣʦʮһֱξƲմԭ 
˳ȥȥ棬˭˭ҲƿƫƫҲʹֱֵ滬ȥ 
ʦ 
ҡҽȥ͵ץסڣˡ 
͡һѱһ˺ѣҲ˲չĬͷһҽУȡҰ 


˵ոڹĲ豭ʲôƲ콣׷ʡ 
㡣콣СƹԽСӵܵڵӣ߾ںɽжǰ 
˵˵Ҫǲ˵Ҿͻȥ硣ƲĵŤ 
콣ӶڵãҸ㣬²㿴ʲôԸ߱ร 
綼˵𣿡Ƽɫ࣬ȻǿЦҲ 
콣ȻȻҾͲҽһˡ 
ôذҾͻոڹ϶ֽţ͵͵㣬ҪͿɺϷˡһץס˵ɣʲô 
ùӦжˣ콣 
˵Ӧúչ軨չ軨ŮطҲʮˣչ軨ôҲʮ˰ɣʲô 
óʮô 
оҲͲʮ꣬಻ʮ 
Уĵӹкûзһ¡ 
ʲô£ 
չĬĽȷʵӷɺͶ͵ĽҲ൱͹һȣ˼Ӧûһ룬˶״ӣûôࡣ 
ҲʲСƵûʲô⡣ 
У˵ԼϲƣչĬ˵΢úȣط˵ƵģҲ˵ξƲմ 
һǲס 
콣죬̾һôҿá˼ƭƴʱ򣬻Ϊܴء 
ʲô˵ףô֪㵽ʲô˼ޱ˵ 
콣һֱ۾֣صĵҵĻûӦó˵С״ 
ʲô״ 
ڽʿʱ򣬰þմʪķĲ豭Ϸ˼ξƽȥ 
Ȼأ 
Ȼ󡭡콣ҧһҧȻҾͿ֪ǲ·ĸˡ 
˵ʲô㡭ſڽȻڻ£òΪǼξƾͿȻĻɣ 
ֻ֪Ƿǡħ˫ޡķ 
˵ų޹סħ˫ޡķƲŵĵ 
ղϣ书Ϊǳ˿ɼξƲմ콣ÿ˵һ䣬Ƶɫ͸԰һ֡ 
ǣǡ;ʲôϵ 
ķҪ˺ޣϰͲܽŮɫλ·ĸף 
֪Ƿϰƻǲš 
콣ͻȻգ㵽׼ˣ 
ءʲô£Ʊһ 
Ȼûô콣˼ĵ֪㵽˹ͻ᲻᳤ӡ 
ȻᡭͻȻһûкӣҲûйεĺۼ 


ʮ 
                  ʧ 

жΪϲû˸ڲټôж󣬹ڽѾΪһ棬û֪ŭĺ 
콣ƺ׵ƹԽСӣ˷ֵĵж 
ʵֻǺܼ׵¥󣬵¥ľң¥ͣ¥ǹסĵطƮŰɴ 
һǱڵɱ 
ʲôûС콣üΡ 
ҡҡͷΪʲôûУҲŵġŻ·ȻסԽСڣȴǸŹסжġѵøʱ䵥ദǺӦùһЩ𣿡 
Ҳ·һ죬˯콣ܸеʲôԾĵط 
ȻˣǾȥ˵ˣ˵»ҾˡҲ߶ʮһ¥ݡ 
¥Ҳܾüһ 
콣Ҳǰʳָ˴ߣȻϢ¥ 
չĬ 
һ콣죬Ѿ 
չĬϣǵҲһ֪ˣֻǱ˵Ѩ 
·أ·ûʲôΣգȫ£ûԼôġ 
Ƹ⣬ƹչĬǰȥ· 
콣һסȥСΣա 
Ǿƿһ콣˳Ŀ⿴չĬһȽյķš 
ǰֻ·û¶棬Ҳ 
Īǣĳˣ׳ȥƷš 
û֪źʲô 
û֪մƵĹȾƺ 
Ҳû֪չĬΪʲô 
ΪպеϮΪԵʣ 
žȻûйؽһƾͿˡ 
ź󾿾᲻ʲô벻· 


֣絽ȥˣͣͤĵϣĵ÷ţ콣СҲˡ 
ѩҲе㲻жһˣʵ벻ʲôΣտԣ콣˵жɽˣǵɽµ˵ȥȥǶôá 
֣ƶȥͣʼתȦˡ 
л뿪ԽСӺһֱĬʱͻȻ˿ڣǻ߰ɣ 
ʲôͣתͷ 
߰ɣ뿪Ҫٻͷȥǰƺ콣һлվھߣɽȥǣԺҲҪ 
ѩͻȻ콣Ļ磬ôϾʲôطԾ 
ѵ 
콣Ƣˣ²˯þԣӦٴλصԽСӣߣǡ 
ж 
طˣЩܲ˵¹ϵҵܵܵİΣԣط˸ң£ʦ˵𣿡ѩֱۣ֪Ĵ𰸵׻ʲô 
лһϸĪԥ֮ɫʵʵҲǺֻǵʦҲ˶ɫùŹӦãʦ˵İɣ 
ӦãѩȻ𰸣Ҳ˵֪ˣֻʦˣҪʲôµĻҲû˿ԽҴǲǣ 
лҰŭĵʦˣǡĺӣʦĺӡ 
òڻ·ǹĶӰɣͣˣʱֻһǹһȽɽǹĻѵȽɽǣΪʲôð֮󲻻䣬ɱ˵ױͽ˽ͨӣȽɽڸأ 
ѩ΢΢һЦѵһأϧʱ֪µˣǣӦûһŶԡ 
һͣ񲻽Ŀ 
л㡭˵ 
ѩͷǺȽɽģûҪڹڷ㻳кӾͺãûչĬ˼άͶĺӡ 
ֻصԭǹĶӡ֪ͣ׻ϹЩʲô 
кӡѩɭȻ˵仰 
֪콣ָĲԾʲô˼ˣң֪ˡ 


ڵűƿ 
ܰ÷·û˴ڣֻüԼ 
û˴ڡ 
ûд򶷵ĺۼҾ߶úõķԭأûƶӣողŴ´ϣѩ׵ĸ´ϡɼб˺ѵļ˿Ŵ򿪶ķ绺Ʈ 
콣ƶһۣһ˽ȥ 
ӣȻΪϮôϸ¿ҾȫûأǽҲܸɾ 
ôӦǹԭȻϰ 
                  ħ˫ޡķ콣ߵ󣬡㿴·ӦǱָӲ˺ѵģѵħĽͣһմƣͻħԴ󷢣 
ƿһչĬҸոտֻǱ˵ѨѣħԴ󷢣Լ·˺ˣǸӦɱ𣿡 
㻹ȥѨ׳ʲô£콣һֹۣȻܱ 
ƺһбȥˡ 
콣ôһ˵Ҳ΢ЦǶŵѨַɣ 
㻹ЦóƲ˵ԽʲôģͻȻһ£ࡣš 
콣մҪ·£Ѿ뿪תϵ¡ 
ڵˣǣħԴ𣿻ǡ 
Ҳʵǲ̽ģûħ˫ޡķǲ·ĸףûжԵʲô콣ǲɵģж뿪֮һûΪʲôҪأ 
˵ֱ¸û᣿ 
ħԴ󷢣ֻ˭ס 
׵ģȻӦԽСڵĵǣȻ󡭡 
ȻǻûԶѩˡ 
ҡҪҵֹҲȥˡ콣ΪͻȻ뵽ĿԶк¡ 
ǹŵģһħԴ󷢵ˣûǷȥѷôСĵϡǣأ 
ţѩ׵ɴڴ⣬ǡǡס˶Ĵ˲һ۾ע⵽ǿŵġ 
𣿴뿪𣿡콣ˢ˴ɴһƬ֡ 
ҲѨҽⲻˡƵ𣬡Ҿ֣ħԴ󷢵ĻôϸĵȥķѨ 
ǰĻӦûɱչĬ;Ŷԡ콣ָƬֵȥǱ߿ 



ʮ 
                  ض 

ֱֺܴߡ 
òǻɹɣ̽ͷȥǺΣ𣿻ǻȥɣ㲻лء 
콣Ҳеò⣺ǰûлأɹҵҼҲĶ֡ 
ǡƳſѵȥˣ 
콣üܿ϶ħԴô 
ֻܻҡͷҲܣһԷˣôôСģ 
ǣǸ˲콣ۣһֱ©һ⡣ 
ƳصĿҲ뵽ˣԣҾӦøϿ뿪 
£Ѿ벻ˡ콣εЦһЦɱ𣿡 
һʴȵĺѱһָѨ 


ů£ǸߴӰԽԽԽԽ 
磬 
ʲô£㶼Ҳܵģǰɣ 
ԣһһֱģ磬ҲǸŮһĵ뿪㣬Ҳ㣬ǧǧҪ뿪ҡ 
𣿡һְֻ콣°̵֣ͣȵ۹⣬ʵòξ 
Σ 
콣ͻأۣӳ·Ҳȼ 
°͵ɿűƵʹ 
ҪȴԼѨȫûа뷨һתԼһѸɲϣͷǰ͹ƽʯ飬Զĵطȼһѻ𣬿ӣӦǸɽǵض 
ߣһҲϵƾûΣգӦҲֻǱѨѡ 
ͻȻĳһ㽺ţƶ֡ 
ڿ˹ˣѰõĹؼ 
ڻѱߣһڻӳ£ȻѩȴԵýྻ͸˰棬ɫĹ⻪ 
⡭һԼȴѶɳƵòܳ 
콣Ļɨһۣ۲תҫʣһ˲䣬ѣεĸо 
ضжײңûκ֪ЦˣµĴһĨЦƣ콣һοЦҲǵһη֣ԭҲǿƯݵġ 
лˣ·ĸòѾѵһĿ㣬վٵòڲסɬϢ 
ȴͬէǰʱ԰һӰֱ·Ķӣ˶ԣҲһʦǰˣû˻ȥעòࡣ 
һڡ 
ĹǰǸеĴ䣬ֳԹֲȻ¶ɫͺһˡ 
콣һܻ 
õ˰ɣһ콣ûֲڣȻ͸һɻȡ 
ĵʲôòÿԣѵΪӻԳȥ𣿡 
˵Ҳûʲôð·ЦҾȽʵ룬ȽҼеģ 
һٿڣרĵĿŻ⣬·ʲôϡһ㡣 
콣ڿǸˣĽߵߣִļͷι˵㲻һʼ֪Ľ𣿻ʲôҵǺϲڵӣûУ 
Ǹ൱ߴӣһͷŨܵĺڷò򵥵һҲ¿㣬ɫʵ˵ŵ£ȻӦġӣһӲ磬һ˫ۺڰ׷΢ڵԵü 
ڷŭˣһˤǸ˵ֵٸΣһ뿪жġ 
ƢԽԽˣңҲûܵ㡣˲Ϊ׵ķ˿ڴһǣСģҪܲƢȥҪôźã 
Ҫ߾ߣһ徻ΪƾҪЮң˦ͷԼͷղ֪ΪŭΪ䣬΢΢͸һۺ졣 
̾һЦһ˸㶨е£ֺαؽҾ㣿 
нңЦ䱻ȣԼ˻һ㡣 
ʲôʱҪûôӲĻҲ֪ж࿪ġĸӣ촽Ϣӡ޳Ĳӣ૵߶ôƤôϸ壬ϧ˵Ļһҧĺ 
ƿ˵ͷ޺޵ĵҹԶһ㣬ڲ𣿡 
ʲô÷ģжһûõĳƺţһȺѳ˵ͽͽ뿪סùĹطҸû˵ĵطⲻǺ׽𣿡Ǹ˵ú⣬˵ǸһֱŵĽ֡ 
Ҫһ𡣡 
ô˼ǣһˣ΢ЦţŨڵĽüļָĻϾ׵ļĿôĲҪҵİô 
콣ԼĿһƬõ죬·ջҧһڡ 
վһƿ˵ҾԲһ٣ٶķһ죬һӦɱģһķ 
ôʣаЦ⡣ 
ǣǺˣҺ޲ÿԻصʮǰһɱ㡭 
ȻɱˣǸ·ĺӣǸһ̾ڻǺˣңȻſԺһ뿪һֻǵ 
콣֪Ҫ˵ؼĵطˣȻܺǸ˵ݣֲҿʣһʾͲ˻⡣ 
ιӦþµǸ˰ɣǸһֱڳȴû¶ˡƵ 
û°ɣ콣Сûˣ 
û£ӦòɱǰɣͲôˡƶŹǸ˵Ӱ²Ǹ˭ 
΢΢һƲ콣òΪұò֪ɣ 
Ƶֻǲ̫׶ѣݴѾȷˡ 
ɣ 
ɡ˾ǵĶԻ˫ֱأһν˵Լ֣֪¶԰ɣҿԸǣ֪̫࣬ɲһ뿪طˡ 



ʮ ļį 

ɣɴӣʦţʦȽɽ޴ڱչĬƷ󣬴жɹȽɽȺɱߣưոݣԽС뽫ɴŹ洦á 
ʵӦý㽻Ƚɽ֮±㲻ᷢˣȻ԰Ĺҵҹġüŭա 
΢΢һЦ㲻ģȻ㲻Ƕ֮ˣȻϣͲ̫ԩѵ˵Ƚɽ 
òʲôϵһ˵Ť 
˭˵޹أ㵱սҽΪͲж£صЦЦò췢˰ɣ 
԰׵΢΢죬ҿʲôϵ 
ɵҾ֪һӶ벻Ҳһֱûк˵㵱Ƚɽ̰ͼлɫô 
ѵǣһۣ̫˵ˣ˵ʲôҶŵġ 
콣ͻزط˵òǾɫȽɽΪ̰ͼط˵ɫѵǳŹǰȥˣ 
ɱ콣գգЦһ£СӶ֪£òǻװɣ 
ֻ˿Ц˵˵ 
Ǻ˵İסļͷȽɽҪõ㰡Ĳϸºòã 
ҩСлͺɢⲻǺԵ£ü 
ɵֻǷСİлĲ豭һ£Ȼж˾ˡΪΪʲôҪͺɢΪ㲢ûͺɢлС 
ǺŭΪ˶һë 
̾һΪʲôΪʲôԶҶģ㵽ǲţǲԸţ 
ι㡭㲻Ҫ˵ĪĻòáյһֹסͷֱҲ֪ôһŤ㽫ˤڵء 
Ҳڵϣһѻ𣬲˵ 
˵ЩҲ֪˵ʲôŤٿ 
ҡҿɲһ·˭Ķӣ̲ס˿ڡ 
ϻȻҵġûĵ 
Ǹе㲻˼ڣתͷһ콣 
콣ĵ㲻ϰˡħ˫ޡķô·ôĶӣ 
ɫ΢΢һ㡭ô֪ػȻѲɣҵĲ豭ĵ˾ƽȥ 
콣ҪͷԼʹ˸ɫҡһҡͷֿͷԣæʸڷϣңҵ¡ 
һʵô֪ϰķ 
ҡҡ콣ûɵĺֻ²¡ 
²£²¾ͿԲµô׼ϰˡħ˫ޡķ·Ҷһƴˡ 
㲻ô콣Ȼ£ȴܲסԼ졣 
һֺ죬ӣͲûһˡյŭʲôʲô£˵𣿡 
콣ͷ˵ֻת 
·ȷʵĶӣһҿ֤Ϊʱло˵ȽɽˡǳǳһЦǸʱȻϰֻԶԲŻᱻȽɽ㣬ΪΪչ軨뿪ˣΪһֱܵõߡ 
콣ĵͷǸʱڣѾʼ˰ɣģؾˡ 
⺢ӺܴЦ˵ͷ 
£˵棬ô࣬ʲô˼ 
ֻ㿴ʵѡɵҵʮ꣬Ϊ˵źһ뿪طҲΪʲôǵðԼ 
㣿ĴӱǿһƾʲôҪҺһ뿪Ҫ뿪Ļһ˲֪𣿡 
ҪĻͲ뿪ңò˰ɣɵˣңҪȥһѾĵ߲οһСĺ˾ƣ˭㣿 
ҡҲŲϡҡӳ԰׵޺ϼ 
ܿϧ㶼Ҫ㣬ʮǰͺɢεľƣӦòһγѪеζɣɿߣִƴļͷ֪ѾֻϰˣûѨһǿ 
ˡҴӴ˲ˡվһӣѶһѳ޺޵ĵ浱Ҵûɱ˾Ͳɱɱе¶ᱻԶˣЩ裬һӶ𡣡 
裿 
콣ƽһɫӣȻȫ 
бһ콣ǰ֪ôôֺ㣬ʼǺҵģҪҰһֱɱҡҪɱĻɱҾ͹ˣûҪɱǡ 
ɫײ΢ţɺؿڣһҲ̲ȥ 
ˣˣ㡭߰ɣҲҪҼ㡣Ȼ³·ͻȻ˥һ㡣 
ҲҪʹֻ࣬ϣңҡһѳ𳤽ԣҲ뿪ġ 
һ󣬳׼ĿڴȥһɣһڽϣһۿŽѾض 
㣬ǸʲôһѱסѪһȵѪҺļһΣĸܵȴ˵ļį 
Ҫһűȥ˸ɾֻǣûߣĲį𣿡΢΢һЦ͵͵ĴϢţҲãҲóͺɢûн⿪ֽ֮ǿҪ壬ԴҪЮһķԡԾңҲӦõģҡҡǸʱȫûа취Լֻü㡭 
Ҫ˵ˣϢһ£ҰֹѪķ˿ܵѨż¿ˣҽҩȥ 
һУȡɡ콣ڲϻˡ 
æֵһץжѽҩ˳Сĵķɵ˿ڡ 
Ϊʲôˣĵģ𣿡ɴ߳һĨЦáòǡ᲻ҡ 
ĵһϣȴŭͷˣ㻹鿪Цȴһ˿زסıˡ 
ԲԺ󡭡Ժ󡭡ܰˣ㡭ʲôҪִ̫ӻһʵ졭ģ㡭 
žણһպӵϣ·һҲܲ㣬ɵֱֱڵϡ 
Ҳ̲סᣬһץɵ壬е㲻ǴӦҪһķ㲻˵㻰ѹסǸһֱįĸ壬סֻһֱڷеյ֣ţ棺ѹǻҪһģ˵Ҫȥһ羰˵ĵطֻ˵ҪɽÿӸҳԡ 
ңҪǲĽְƴҡɵ壺ֻǹ㶷ʱжȻ󡭡Ȼһȥһûʶǵĵط˵һһ죬ԲСһˡƭңһֱƭҡ 
˹ˡ 
Ҳ˵Цġ 
ڵضĵķ 
Уһ°ʡ 
Ժδޱߵ£ 
ԭįǸӲį 
ߣûжνҪǸˣҲûΪԼҪһĴڣֻģҲֻںɵĴڣΪʲô 
֪ΪԼŵĸоĺܺãϧĸоҲˡ 


ʮ  


ʦľˣչĬɵĶ콣ƣ˵ʦǱŸǾˣ 
ιǲʦԼдҲˣ콣˹ﻹеڣҲͲô 
һеţĵȷȷǹױʣչĬﻹǷŲ£ʦôͻȻ뿪أ 
ӷɵʦĹΪСбǿʦдţҿʦסˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôŲ¶ѡ 
ƿһ콣ڿʲôŵˣжӼ̳жҲֵңˡ 
СôǹĽͷӶʲôܵŴҵ˵𣿡ŭĵҾͲʦѪ뿪϶С֪ʲôֽš 
ѽǰ̧ǡ콣ЦĿһۣתͷƶϵʮӦûΪ֤ʵɣ 
ŭǸһģȻ˵֮ǽ첻ʦ˵뿪 
ҪĽ̳ĵӶûִ³ҲסһġҲˣʦжôΪʲôѵΪֻҸĵطúѣƫƫ㿴ǣһͽͽ֣ȴһһûãҪֻͱ˼ˡ 
㡭ʹŭҪνǰӷһʦܣ˵úǣʦҲˣȴŲǡ 
ʦʵڵȶʦܺСʦãϣһԻжһĻûʦҲ˱ɡչĬһסлͶŻ°ɣòã£ʦﻹ𣿡 
ǡлԥţ·Ҳ᲻úòײطĶӣظ 
ŻõĵǰΪ˼޸ѻѾһˣڻڶ𣿡 
ҲҪлץס·֣һŭ֮¾Ͳʱֻ£˾˵ʲôʦʵҵĸףһ㣬;ԼʵﲻˡԲŻи常ңҲҪ㡭 
·οֱף⣬ԣ裬βҪ뿪ҺòãҲ˵úϣ常 
ҿҲ˰ɣƶϼŻŸֵܣֵܣǼүǣǰһУ͵ȥҲǲǣ 
ƿһתͷͣ񣺡ͣҪȻؼҰɣȥż޾ͻ 
ͣȻ֣æҲҪȥҪȥ޺õûУοĿһƶϣ˭֪һﰲʲôģɫǹֵֹģҿ磬һȽϷġ 
ôһ˵ƫͷƶϣȻԼĿէһӣ֪ģ¾ȻĪһģæͷУǾͿЩ߰ɡ 
ѩ߱ߵʵܵܣǲڵĻлΣԲѡ뿪 
Ŷ𣿡콣ü۶Цˣһ§۵ƽĺø磬ϧ´ˡ 
Ŷ 
콣ӻ׽һֻСЦеأײˡ 


Ϊ׽ֻС콣з˱жΧ·ˣҲһԭñ֪ڵˡ 
˵Ȼɡ 
ߴһеİӣȴһԡ 
Сһɶ֡ 
ʢ콣ȻܵƵ˵Ĵ˵һ䣺ǲǣǲжǰ£ 
콣Ȼ˹ȥ 
˵¾ȥæǧǸ·СˡģչĬĽȻҸոտӦÿ֧һʱ䣬ʱȻ㣬㣬Ҳ֪Ҫ֪¡ǣСˣٱ֪ˡ 
ɲԸ˭ô֪ǲǱˣ콣ЦҪ֪ҿðΣȥġ 
ɵģһҪأһ֮ġΪ֪಻еһ֣ңҾ͸һ֪ȫ顣 
ʲôô콣 
㵱ȻкôǸлɽģж֮ǰҲûʲôϸԣĿӦлǽظϣңлžͲ뿪ɽˣǸʱ򣬲ĿʲôӦö״ˡ 
л뿪жĻظҲͲˣһ㣬콣൱⣺ãҾ͸ 
ɰס׼ȥӵ𼱣һû˵ꡣ֪·ĸ˭ǹ㵵Ҫ㣬ħ˫ޡķ 
ôжӣ콣Ŵÿ¼ˡ 
ǾҪȥоˣҿṩһħ˫ޡˣξҲմùһľƣл֪еˡɲʣһ 
ԣ콣ŻվƵ˵ߵֿչĬĽ 
ԣúıǿƿڹĲ豭ﶯֽţҲһǱжҹһСۣΪƺһĻƶϱȻĸһ˰Ǻõġ 
ԭǴѩһȥĹΣգּƶ϶ƴ⣬԰ȥ 
ôǾ뿪𣿡ѩ 
ѾжԶˣҲûˣ콣ЦǰһߵģǺһ뿪 
ɣ 
ǺҺǸһеһУΪպ÷־ж׷Թµľ֣Ҫòһ뿪ѡ콣Цԭһɽ֮ǰڽͷճģڹ״Ӧʱ򣬱һĵļƵùԹ¶ģӦһ뿪 
ΪʲôҪѩǲס 
Ϊ˹콣һ֪̾лչ軨ŮģֻйһˣչĬô֪¹ΪӵĹϵȢл˺չ軨ϵһСݹչĬıֻǲϣлŹѪĺӣлΪ˺Ӿ뿪ж󡣡 
ѩ޷λ˼˵ɰ˹ 
磬ôˣ޲ҲƴǸʱûзӦô¡콣üѾ뿪ˣұ˵Ҳñȥǣ͵ûѣʲô𣿡 
˵ǣܾûЩסҲֿġѩһֱȥҲȽϺðɣˣָõԴ 
ҪҪҲһȥſһ콣Цظ˳ˣҲôĴȥҲһûȥء 
ѩһ˷ܣɨˣֻõүӼȻҪ㣬ȥҲòǷŵţԺ£㲻ûҪء 



ʮ 
                  ɱ˳ 

ԶǸõܵܣǳԺ֣潺ģǺ¶ݣǣֻҪܰѴѪ£һŹ 
ȴǸø磬ԶһеĺԣΪĻƺΪծΪҩѻҪȥͨٸ 
ÿһΣԶ͸һ֡ 
ΪԶ԰ҾΪһ浾סƥҰ 
ýżȫسû޵ĹﶼˣԶûһۣȴҪҴСлԼδ塣 
Ȩҿʼ׼£ɣȻԶ 
ԶۿŴ磬ϵƷţҼǵСͺϲȶܻܵãۿŵֵűˣ㲻𣿡 
ҳһԣֻżʷ֧ƸͲûµǮ 
磬ǲǺˣҰɣңһῼҸŮ˽飬ҲʲôɫŮȢȢνԶ΢ЦţȻЦȴҲ޷УңͺԱצµ 
Ȼ˵ֻǲ̵ָٻˣ·ڿʲô 
磬Ϊ𣿡Զ۸ˡ 
ָֻһ鶼ˣ̧ͷԶʵ֪ʲôǣϽòã֪ңҵĴȫûйϵ 
۹⣬ȴȫԶⶳ˼֡ 
磬ôϧĻԺҪúõĶԴˣ˵ǲأԶ̵Цһ£Ǵ㿪ЦͰģȻô϶ǺŮˣһԼűȽϺá 
ʩʩȻ߳ţ裬˵ѹӣϧ 
ıӰҳ̾⣬ʵڱ 


һ·Ĳ۰ͣڿˣҿջϢòãҵ·ҲˣûϴˣͷҲˡ콣ƽ͵Ц񣬸ˣЦΪԼɾȥˣ 
콣Цһ㵹ûʲôһŮӸȫģ벻ˣ 
ͣߺŭɣҼ޲˹ʲô£콣һ첻Ҿ͹ȥǲǣ 
ﲻҪˣ콣˵һ֪أҲѩѿͷܣٹǣתͷƶϵʮ٣Ѿ·ҲʱҸطϢһˣѽ·Ļ϶Ҫ˯ҰˣǼ˵νֻǿ 
ƶϵͷðȥĴ·;ԶûҪôϵġ 
Ҳ۵ùͷɢ˼ܣҶô˵æָǰﲻмҿջô 
ʡǣÿطһĿջ 
ҿջȴûô෿ˡ 
ԲСֻļϷˣ磬λ΢һ£ǵĴܴһ䷿˯λû⡣ƹţΪ׸Ҷүף˺ܶˣԷ䲻ˣλȥĿջ϶Ҳһûзġ 
ѩҺͺ콣 
δ䣬һ˼˽ƹ񣬸һϷֶһڹ̨ϡ 
ƹæкСλȥϷ 
ιǵķ䲻һ䣿ƴ󼱡 
ƶͷƹʣµ䷿ǶҪˡ 
ǡƲĵĿŸոһ䷿ˣȴҲ޷ʩˣ䷿Ҫֻ䣬Ǿ͵ĸ˼һˡ 
ͣ΢Цǿɾûа취ˣ˭Ҹ磬ȴҽأ 
ΪͣСһ䣬ѩ콣סһ䣬Ʊƶסһˡ 
콣ϴֳԷˡ콣콣ѩ߽ǰһ콣˯ܳĽëͶӰ̺ĴԺЦ 
ȻǸӣȴҪԼڽоּգѩ̾һѱӸǺãת˳ȥ 
úúõΪ콣һߵ·ԼԿࡣ 
ףöȥ콣ôȥˣϴ裬ƶȥϴԼϽȥ䣬ǡÿѩ߳ȥһ˹ģɴԼһ 
ѩߵü죬׷ȥʱѾ֪١ 
ܵȥأ֪к콣ҹˡưյ¿˿ͻȻƹ˵и׸ףȥҲǺˡ 
֪ӳƯҪٲ뵽Լ֪򣬶ʱй֪һˡ 
ôʲô 
ҶүףȻҪȥ֡Ա˵Ȥ 
ʲôÿģǮ˾ֻ֪ӻ 
ǿ֣֪֪ռС㱾Ҵүδء 
Ŷôں׵ı˶ү 
Ҳ֪λүȻ¶֧ţү˵ǶүҪȢռС㡣 
СϢ 
ý˵ġ 
ȤˣҲȥɡ 
ող˵ûʲôÿģ 
ոǸոգߡ 
һͷˮȻ˿ϴ·Ȼһȥ 
һ·Ϸֲ˼뿴ֵĶ飬ҵϲºǾ˲ˡ 
ģ˼ҳɸҲô˸֡ԼҲеһ 
ҲǴ֮ңԺԼɼĹɽؿͳȺǵصĸ̼֣̫үҲˡ 
үͽһԡ 
үͰһ𡣡 
ܼ̫̫ͽԧһԡ 
μҴүͶһһֻ 
һûһΧǵۣе㲻ͷأô˿ 
ּ˼ɰЦǿĿԺú÷һʺˡ 
Ǹǿ㣿ͻȻһҪת̫࣬һʱȴתȥ 
ŵˣ˵Цţִסͷңƶϡ 
ûĵ֪㡣һײͷ 
ƶ΢΢һһ˿գ·ϣˣҶ 
վ˰ɣûпʲôӣƶϵ 
ͷ˸۸ΪЩĵ˲һأԭҲ˼ӵġ 
ֻǺŮֵֵƶ΢΢һЦѵ㲻ģ 
Ȼǣѵһֺɫ֮ͽȻ˵ţȴΧ˶ڿ 
ͻȻԺһУɱˣӱɱˡ 
ˣ 
Ⱥըѵ۷䣬ʱ 
ƺƶ϶һԼͬĵţȥô¡ٶһۣһӳȺ˼ҶֹҴԺ 
յſڣһź˽еץסˣѾץסˣҰһ㣬Ҫҡ 
Ӳǰæˡе߷ߵĵ˭ộȻ˼»֮ҹɱˣֱû 
ɱߣص۵һ߳ŵô̫үʩһѾץסΪС 
̵֪ļһɱƼƶϰ첻˵ײײ㵹˵仰 
˵ʲôƶü˵ɱ˳Ļ 
ѵɱ˲óοɱ޴ĸŮǲġдʵ˵ţͻȻס졣 
ôͷèҧˣƶȡЦĿһۣɫ䣬æôˣ 
ǡǡָűҶѺ֣ſڽࡣƶϻͷһ־Ȼѩ 



ʮ  

Ҷү֮գ֣Ȼѩ 
ͻı仯ƺƶһʱ֪ʲôӦ 
ŸŻͷԱ۵ռүһµշѾ߲¿޿˹ 
үһץ̫ү·˰һҪСŮɱͽݺݵĳΣɲ 
ŮĴϲ֮գȻȻᷢ£찡úòҡշ˿޵ü 
ĸλ˼ǧ壬̫үΪֹɱһܲ˵ġԶɨѩһۣٻͷɫҰ׵ңͷװʹȴ乴һĨЦ⡣ 
ưһж϶عڣѩһʱ⣬οֻǱһѩҪ練ƣֻ֪Ϊʲôı 
ţȥ·ӡС˵ 
ʲôﲻˣ 
ԣתͷʱƶѾ֪ȥ˺δһİĪĿ 
˼ϴˡεŬЦ 
λ̨Ǳ˰ɣЦͷ̨зŮ׾죿 
ǣֵ𣿡Цſòڲҵļɣ 
ҲЦˣֵǱزͷʯȻѾ£ζڳ˶һ£ǲͬ 
ƿͻȻһΪͬһָѩҲ˵֡ò̫϶Ŀڵ벻֤һ֣ǣƾʲô˵ͬ 
ΪʲôҪ㣿ˣҲɵˡʯЦЦӻƸڻҵݶԲԣ 
һƣЦѵͷûɱ˵𣿡 
ȻûУΪһ춼ڴߣ˶¶ĵطȻǴ˵İΣΪˡʯպƵ֪㣬ΪҿӴżġ 
ѵҴӺԺӳȥȻټ 
ĸɱ˺᲻뿪ֳԼ 
𣿡 
Ҫ֣Ͳ˵ˡʯ΢ЦҵĴүɱһ޸֮Ůӣõŵô 
üҲ˵ڵ£ûдɣ 
ڵ£ûڷҵѾ˰ɡʯֻںмϼ룬жϣùߵˡ 
ЦһĴָ޵ʯͷλ˳ơѩıȷʵһϧڿջûд 
˼ǣѩ֣ʯ΢΢һЦӣλӦǺѰɣ 
ʯͷȻʶңҲ֪£ôӦÿóѩ书ɱһŮӸ練ƣûҪһЦʯͷòΪѩô˰ɣ 
ʯͷ˵ֻһƣĵôΪνҪǴ˺ܺ߼ôΪ 
бһֱۣԼ鷳üǲͷ¡ 
ѾõˣǲӦ֤˵һ£ʯƵͷϡ 
εǿѩҲû취·ʯͷҪҰæǲҲȷѩΣգҪ֪ոյ׷ʲô£ 
ֻҪϳӵȻָտƣѩİȫû⡣ʯЦһǰб룡 


·õøûʣһﻨȻδϨ 
ðڴߵҿͷȻһƵȴſڴߵǰһ˫ȾѪҲϡ 
ɾ࣬ûκδ򶷵ĺۼ·Ҳȫҡ 
˿ǰǵˣһʯֵ˫ֵָ׺ܸɾӦûк˽ 
ƵǸɱԼ½ǡ 
֣ƶϵȥˣţȴûпƶϵӰѵƶϲ鿴ֳ 
Ǹ֣õ⻺վһˣƶϣ 
ȣʲôƱһ 
ֻߡƶָһָĴεһײĺۼ 
ƶڽߣʯʶʵ֪λǡ 
ƶϡû˵ݣ𲻱Ҫ鷳ƶҲ֪˼ЦЦ 
λǱصĲͷʯָʯƶϡ 
ʯƵѣȻû˵֣ͷҲСҵֵһһᡣ 
ƶЦһɱһɣˣʯͷûҵ 
ʯҡͷûУڸҹˣҲ˵ô̵ʱ䣬Ҳûлѵ 
ƶźԺؼɽͺɽһƬ֣ѵӳȥˣ 
ƿһƶϵⷽмˣƣӵöԶ 
ҪʲôӣҪСңӵ̫ԶǰӵֱϡΪмɽĹϵӸһᱻɽסӸ˾ͺѼԶ 
ʯҲ˵ûаߣǾӦûԺ 
ԣӦҪȼ鵽ԺˡƵʯͷЩԺȥѩ˵仰Ӧûɣ 
Ȼû⡣ʯֺһ죬ȥѩŶΪڻûʲô֤֤ףԣʱܷµĿ԰ɣ 


ʲô콣˯ԺģͻȻƵĻһӴ 
类ٸɱˣڱѺƶѹסͷһʱȥ 
ܣôɱˣ콣һƿƶϣ𳤽ߣҪȥȴ磬Ҫȥ 
侲һ㣬ھѵҪɱ˷ٸͨ𣿡ƱסοҲɱǲǣҲţǸᣬԣӦþҳһס 
֣ǹٸ£ҴûɱˣҪôηֵطҹ콣ͻȻס˽ţתƣ˵ǲǿЦƭң 
ôЦƶü֮ҪǾҳ֣ǲһŻŸء 
콣ɵĿܣ书ôã죬ôץץסˣԴ书ҪСһ 
иڡƵҺ磬ʱ¡ 
ѩߵҺԺһŮӵĲҽУ˲ñӣֱӴӺԺǽǿô˽ȥÿ·󿪣һµصϣ߹ȥ㿴ʲô£ͼһȺ£Ⱥ콫ԼϣΪ˵ûˣһҲסģͷѨ޷ 
Ҳ˵Ҳûпˣ콣ңҪӺβǶǣȫ죬ôҵõأ 
ƶϵҲ˵֪ڰ϶ںԺҿ϶ǺʶˣȻ򿪴˵Ҳ޷ִУοҽоʹӺԺȥָûʱӵ̫Զǰ߻ϲ죬ӺԺߵĻû 


ʮ ҹ̽ 

ҵϲ±ɥ£ϲóá 
ڴһԪֽǮΪҹѾ߼Ҷ£ֻѾӶһԣۺӡ 
ӶԺҪأǻүȥ渮Ѿөʡ 
СȻ޽ңҵȻӶ˵ţЩֿ˳ 
өԺͺһڶүˡͷοģʱһүһЩСϰߣ渮Ĺز㲻ᱻ۸ġ 
ҲÿүԺ󻹻᲻ȢˡҵĴѾ߷ЦүǸôģ˵СûˣúöģҲٲҪȢ̫̫Ӷû˳Ժ϶ᱻ۸ġ 
өĵӶˡ 
ҲŲֻѡ 
ˣǻҪˣЩӵֽǮȥҶתֽǮͻȻִӰһ 
ʲôˣһҶҲˣҪ׷ȥȴһѱס𡭡ȥ¹ 
ٿЦõϿӲֵôӰӣȻǹ 
ǣôᶯô죬һûˣסȫǲѾҲһѣսľĶ⡣ 
ҲĴֽ֪ʲôʱһСһ֦֪ܲð̡ 
ΪʲôҡͷΡһȥ 
ûõĵСҡٻû˵꣬Ҳεڵء 
ǼѾߣ͵һѡ 
ᱻƿһߣһ˫ϸ˿ˣԽȥţһ˴Ӵ˽¿㣬ڽͷֻ¶һ˫۾ 
ȥͺˣҵֵǱ߿ʲôûУܾýֵܵķӦе֣ϸʬûб˶ʲôֽš˵ţѴˡ 
ΪʲôҪһʬ壿Сֹţ߽úʬ壬óߡӻ 
ȻѾˣòһǰ˫ĿëڲҵͶһȦӰͦСʧΪһˡ 
ָᲦƤ˿ţ˺׵ڻǽ⿪·˿ڲ¶ 


Զ˯ȴǸ̬൱Ͻˣҹ鷿һʱʲҪ׼˯ˡ 
ֻǣҹʱ֣鷿ȻŵƣӳһһӰ 
ԶһЦȫˣüбĿװĸ磬ǲǣ 
ǣǺˣҲãӲ޸㣬ҶԲҰյĴͷݺһȭϡ 
ػĹϵ˸ĹâӳԶ粻 
ЦţԶ߽ߣС֪᲻ԣҲŻ 
㡭㡭͵һ̧ͷһץסŭΪʲôҪΪʲô 
ΪʲôԼ˫ַøҵ𣿡ԶЦţЦȴȫܵ۵ס 
Ȼɿ֣ϣǰ幰õģ֪Զ֣ȴ˽İοԼҲԶϲ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҪʲôΪʲôҪɱֻΪҪҺڶУʲô 
ʹĵţ͵վᶨĵҪȥ١ 
ˣԶ̹ǵĹâΪǸŮˣܵܶҪˣ 
ҲҵһЦתͷɫҶòף㣬Ψһĵܵܣȥ 
òᡭԶ˵ı飬·ŭ·м·ַ·ʲôǡ 
Ҵ۽ޣٿϵʲһһʰãŽĹȻҪȥ˯ˣҲЪŰɡ 
תԶ߹̧ۣƽľˣԶȴ̲סһѷץסֱۣ㾿ҪʲôٸѾ֣ͲҪٶǷˡ 
Ǹ𣿡ҿһץԼ֣ԳһЦ֪㻹ںңǣôˣѵû㾿Ҫʲô仰ǣ㾿Ҫ 
ԶҲᷴĸ磬Ȼ˼Ȼ 
ǰҲ֪Һ㣬͸֪ô׵ľңʲôҪңһҺ㣬ͿڵˡԶץסֱۣоõԶָı䣬ļһ㺮 
Ҳ㡣ԶˣĵܵܣΨһĵܵܣĵܵܣȴҲˡ 
Ҳһָ飬Ͷ̫࣬޷޷Ȼ 
ԣȥԶ¡ 
Ѿ˰ 
Զɿ֣𣿲㶼𣿡 
ǵġĻشֹˮ޲ˡ 
ޣ𣿡ԶĿڻһתţ磬Ϣˡ 
ֻǳĬĿ 
ǣȻطˡԴǼ·ԶһΰԴ 
ҲԺвȵĻɣ 
Ǽ£總Ƕ̣ԭΪݣڣȴһ˿ת 
ߣ̫ã 


صºͷºף·ߵϣѽ˱ȻոյķܼҲ˷ܣڸҪú˯һ 
콣ţű˯𣬱Ϣߵ˴ߡ 
ԺҲַ˸ˣʵƶôҲˣ鵽ʲôûУǡ˯ 
˯˵˵֣һϵıӡ 
ƸϽϣ䣡 
Ͳˡ콣Цȥŵñ˫˱Ŭůĥ䡣 
Ҫ˯ƵȻӱƿħצ˴¹ 
콣ۼֿ죬һץס˱ӣسһ̤ڱϣúˤ˳ȥ 
ṦҲû˯ԺнһšȫأȴԼȵˡ 
ڸʲôƶϿһ۸ոյƣ΢һü۹ɨһ޹콣 
ڵ˵˵㷢ֵ콣Цڴߣһ֣ڻıӶ˹ȥСˡ 
ƲĵһۣҲ֪˭ӵģʱ֪ˣߺߣҲǿ׳ô𣿡 
Ҫˣûзʲôƶ֪һһûûˣϽϡ 
ȻС 
仰ȴǴƶһͷЦõ̾˿ 



ʮ ׷ 

ô£ȻûֵͣС⣬㲻ֽҲӦ 
ΪʲôǶϸҳˣͣػصĿ˼顣 
Ƶ·ͻȻһʱûü˵һ죬úϢһ¡ 
˰ɣҽˡͣһ۵ǣæһϣʲôջûУ 
ƺ콣Լƶֻȿ˿ڣҼʬûбֽţȷʵǵˣ˿ӦǶ̵ҵڽխ 
콣Ҹոȥηˣҳ˵Ӧòµࡣմ˵ǸԶͨˣֿ׼Ǹݽɫ 
Ƶͷ͵ֵܵĶԻǸԶܿɣҰʾɱ塣 
˵ǸɣͣĲ죺Ϊʲô˵ѡġ 
ƵҪ֪ΪʲôӲ˽ˣοҲֻǴ˵Ļ²⣬δ֤ʵء 
¶΢Цͣץסǵ㣺˵ȻŮӣǵȻӦҰæҪ֪ҲŮӣкܶ飬벻ģõ 
뵽ʲô˫۾ 
ͣ񽾰һӣ汿ѵǲ֪˽Ѿߵ𣿡 
Ѿߣ 
ߵѾߣɽǰͣһƵʱ֪ˡ 
ҽǲƿһãЦǲǼųˣоô 
ƶϵˣڲʱ򣬴ҳʱ仹Ϣһ£˻еæء 
ˣͻȻһ£˵Ҫȥ٣ɱ֣ĻᱻųǾͲ˼ҵļˡ 
콣ֱ˸Ц̫ˣȥӴ 
ԣƶתƵող˵ԶҰʾ˵ɱ֣ΪʲôҪ˵Լ֣ 
ƵһҲΪܵܳΪɱ֣ΪɡңֵҲ֣ܵܺܺ޸磬ȴʲôΪܵ룬ʵôҲ벻ס 
ޣӣȻ˼ҵļ¡ƶϵֻҪǷҲûʲôϵˡ 
ҵе㻳ԶǲǿϷȥԶ˵һλʼԼոյƶϣܾãֻǺ򵥵¡ 
ǰ콣ͬУȻֵܣûޣ󲻳ôеܵܺ޸¡ 
ǣôõֵҲءͣ죬㿴Ҹ磬һöңҼֱ˯ŶЦѡ 
ͣ񳶳ĶЦѾͷʲôʱ㲻ˣ 
ͲԺ콣ôáͣڴߴ˸Ƿǻ˯ɣ첻֪ˣ 
˵ǣһȥ˯ɡ 
ƶϿ콣ͣ뿪ߵһ̵һϣһԱ˯ȥ 
ʵʵܴ󣬡ƾùⲻȥǶ֣Ծ˯Ҳἷġ 
үԵҪĿˣҲܵ㡣ƶ΢΢һЦٹþˣץʱϢһ°ɡ 
ǡƻ˵ʲôƶתȥȻǲٶ˵Ҳֻ̾˯¡ 
˯ţƶϵıӰĪе㲻ȥǽֻ뵽췢£շշתתķţҲ֪ʲôʱǿԺ˯һС 


һ뿪˼ҡ 
ѵķˣͣͬǽ͵콣 
ô֪ȥ콣ںǲķֻ֣Ҫѩû¾ͺá 
߽ʮӺ˳ 
ôͣһתͻȻѵ¹ٸܵµĶ֣Դͨٸ羡춨 
콣һסˣԲûС 
Һܿʧڴ־ͷ콣һͣţǧҪǺͿعپҴ綨ȥʲô 
ãһᱣġͣȥɣ˾͸ˡ 
콣뿪ƺƶҲˡ 
ûУʡ 
ͣǽȥһͳˡ 
ˣ׵𣿡һʱӦ 
ͣҡҡͷô֪ǻǲǸعٰ㶨 ģܾܵûˡ 
ƶϵԣǸոȥҵʱ˵һ뿪ˣԶǳء 
ƼҲҲǸ취ȥʯʺˡ 
˵ǣͲ֪ʯڲˡƶϿһţеԥֵطʵںøС 
ȥˣҡת˽ȥ 
ʯ֪ŵʲôطɾͿʯӺ˳ 
ʯͷǰոʲôǲǰ½չ 
֪ʲôɣڸʯЦЦĿһ۵٣˵ɱΪԼδ޼޸ܵܣԡ 
Լδޣ˵ǡƴĻ 
ԣʵСҴү׵ģȴǶүʯ£˶֪ԣ˶ɱҲǲܵġ 
㻹ˣƸϽ׷ʡ 
ʯΪʱڣԣֲ 
ôһ˵ʵܵأʱ 
˵үҾûעˡʯе֣Ϊʲôʣ 
˵ģɱ˶ǵܵܲҲһôƵܵȻɹȢ˸δޣ֪ʲôҲŸأ 
ôһ˵үҲˣʯ˼ʱȷʵûע⵽ȻɣӦϲҾƲǰɣ 
Ҳʯͷȥ̫ү֪ʱ֪ߣԣûע⵽Զϲãܻ˿ġ 
ʯˣ˾㿴ӦҲȷ 
Ϊʲôƺˡ 
ΪǴ˵̫ãǿҵڳĺؿ¡ʯаڳ˵ȵּһ£ҽȥá 
õġƵҲżȻϲǻƶߣǲӵġ 
ȴ֪콣Ǳߣǲ۲۵ͱ˻¡ 



ʮ ǿ 


뿪źûлؼңȥ 
ɫҴң˼ʲôû֪ 
콣һ·βǺɽȥȻҪȥ֪ȻǺͰйصĵط㲻ҵ;ϵ˼Ǻš 
߽һžɵԺ 
ѵѰɣҵУ콣Ǿ棬Ҳ˽ȥ 
ԺСſȴΪ٣ƣ˳ӿֻһתۣʧȥҵӰ 
콣һ⣬ҵԺݷȻѰס˵̸һʱӦò뿪Ҳ̫ 
ŽȺ˴࣬ԼСͨԺȥȴһСɳǰס 
СɳֺʲʩʩԺʦصأڡ 
콣Ц˽ȥôܽȴã 
Сɳɫ΢ʩɺʦ⣬û˳ġ 
콣ѵǴȥô 
ȻǣʩǡСɳַԼ˵©죬ɫһʩģС»ӭ֮ҵģʩɾҴطˡ 
벻Ҳ˵Ҳôס콣ЦĵӣҹȻ˰ɣ 
СɳɭȻλʩʩк£ 
˵ڴȣ콣۹һɨͲ֪ʲôʱѾʧȥӰŽգһȺΧס 
û⣬ֻҪʩ־͸ܿͿԿʩСɳĿ·Ѿ㡣 
콣ϵ΢ЦͻȻɫԼѾ֪˶һƬյģȫʹ 
ʩΪɫζֻҪʩ߶ͲᷢʱȻɽ⡣СɳһӵˡСɮˡ 
콣֪Լڲǰ·Ѳ⣬ģΪʤ̫С 
ʩǲҪԳֱȽϺãһ߶ģͲˡСɳֵΪ֪ʩǵУԣֻȵˡһ콣˫֣סһһת콣ִһӡ 
콣ڣСɳְ˵ļƣӦǾ£֪ǲѣԼʵڲþ־ܵġ 
Դĺ߹һӴֽϵ̧߽ȥСš 
Լ߽ȥͱ̧ȥζ治һѿ˵㣬̧콣û߶š 
СźȴǱж죬ٲȻ縻˼ҵĺ԰̨ͤ¥޲£ɽˮдӳ滨ţаӵ޵ӣ 
콣°ԴĦطסʲôˣ 
һЦ˵оӴ˵Ѿãѵýй͵ţʵҡ 
һ˵ѵһбô 
ѰѣѰġ΢ЦǿͣǶԿҪòһ㡣 
̧콣ǣ콣ӣʦʩǰ棬롣 
Ȼû˻ȥģ콣ӲͷƤ˹ȥ 
ɽоͤһȪڼзй䣬ѩˮƣ̡ 
һվͤߣͤ壬оƣ̸ 
΢ЦɾôҲŲµĵܵ𣿡˵䣬콣ǰһ콣˵أ徻ˡ콣ð 
΢һüתҵԭܵܡ콣ǿͣѾ徻̫ãӭء̧һָҵˣλҵѣңӦòҽ˰ɣ 
콣һ̧Լʮ꣬ɫ۽һֻ࣬ΧһҲ㣬ȴĲ԰ײͬ⻪Գȣ˫Ŀ綬ҹǣͦǼţüȴĮ·½޹ء 
ĳһȻѣˣӦ˵ɵй飬ÿ̶ֺ£־ְ 
ǿӣ֮ 
Ŵ˾þӺ⣬Ϊʵ̼޴ֻں·ҲգУϴһգǷ˿ڵĴֻϣҲͷһڲ˿ڣ½أԸס˼ൺΪЧ̴ѻĺɺǷ͢ȴ·;Զּˮ˸ߣϿѶɶκá 
Ȼʶ콣Ҳöɣ˼أ֮ΪѰѶƽ׶콣Ҳٶ˵ʲôȥ顣 
콣һϳ֮㰵п֣࣬Ҫ 
֮·δ˼һƸ콣ԼȲģƷ 
ΪΪǰ콣óȻͺȣЦ벻һƬأѹ๫½ 
֮΢һתͷȻϵңҲѵˡ 
๫ʢ±ٹªţҲûв֪֮콣Ц๫ӲԭǷʲô°ɣ 
ֻǳɢĶѡ֮΢Цͬһطסþˣǻġ 
ͬĵͷԣϣְܹѱͬΣлҲȥһºϷ⡣ 
֮ЦǰҶһֻͬǲϣŲǸĵܵܣصˣ 
ĬȻãҲʱ򳤴ˣûңӦûøá 
ֻδأܸܵ㲻ûɱҵ˼ൺҲ̫Կˣ֮ЦҡҡͷԼ̫Ƣ 
콣˵λүѾˣϧȻչүӦûߵñȽϰİɣûҵķӦ 
֮΢һü棬˵Ѿôôû𣿡 
콣⻰ЦһµأѵͿĿ𣿡 
򣿡֮΢ЦҲ͵Ϊˡ 
㡭콣ҪΪҩڣͰνˣһʱֻ˫ַȴ޼ƿʩ 
ġҲ˫ޣҵĴҺ 
֮ʲôãģ᲻£ҲŲҲҪԼʵ㲻˵Ҳ֪ºǱܵѲ˹ϵȻúõүδޣôһҹͳү 
ҲãҵĴҵֻǲңԣҪҶǣȴԣһжҵĴûңӣҲ 
콣Ϊһֱ̫ԣβŻֳҲΡ 
֮ƾ޾ݣƾʲôһҧԶɵģ 
콣ʱܲ˵͵İɣ 
ҵǵܵ׿ڸҵġ 
֮һ콣ԶСӺ޲ȫĶϣ˵ɱҲŵõôοֻ֮⣬ʲôã 
ôһ˵㲻ˣ֮ⷽ롣 



ʮһ 
                  Ϊ 

ôӲָѩֵĻŵô콣ķǲԶ֮޹ء 
һȻĵո˵콣ԭѩĶô 
콣óĽۣҲ֪ǸЦһ´סˡ 
Цһְ֮סҼͷˣѩ콣ǽϺܳһֵܡȻɫֵһֱҳ棬һֱԼطԼʲôôԶʲôô 
ԭǸ֡콣ԲҪڣæǸԲ˵Ǹֵˣĸ磬ѹż 
콣ԼΪ֮֮ĵϣҲֻܺ㬵Ť֪ͺá 
Ȼڿ˵粻֣ôֵ֣֮ܵҪ뿪һСãѴ֮ǡ 
㵱Ҳ룿Ҵ粻ϣҪҳֲɡ콣һ俴һңҪıܵܣҴôᱻԩ֣ 
Բ𡣡ֻٴεǸ˭ԼܵܵĲأ 
ֲĴʲôǸ콣ľΣ˭һģо仰ҿ˵ǰ棬ֵʲôԹ޹أȥתܣҪ֮ĲǨŭˡ 
̾һֵܵĸá 
֮Цʲô£ܵҲһġ 
𣿡Ȼţֻ£޲ 
˵콣еܵԼĵ 
ֵǲһ 
콣΢ЦǲһҺҴûôʵƵ·Ǻ˻ 
Զûô񡣡ҡҡͷҺǲͬˡ 
ôʱʲôط 
ڴ̫ү졣 
⵹ȤȻĿˣӦȥӴ𣿻˵ɵʱûڳ 
ǣڴġŬԼ򾲵Ļش𣬵콣ȴ˸η塣 
ûߣƫкĿˣϸ۲ҵɫ콣ĵֻߣ· 
ûУûɱɱģǡʧصĴг 
˭ɱģ㣿콣ơ 
ˣҪνĲ²⡣֮۵ĲڣҾǿˣ֣ҲӦͬòؾҰɣ 
콣ҲһֻۣǱʵ˭ɱģ嵽˭ɱģ 
Ҳ֪ʲô֪ұƵ̫ͻȻһĳ 
һƾȽֱͣ콣ؿڣۿܡ 
̲ס𣿡콣һЦܣӭȥ 
鼱֮³ƣû뵽Ҳܣֻ֣ۿײ 
һֻͻȻס콣һһַֻƣӲҵһơ 
Ӱٿطַߡ 
Ҽ֪֮书ߣҲԼһվȣæʵû 
ûϵ֮һ콣 
콣Цһô 
֮΢ŭĵô֪ 
ϧ콣ɻȥΪЧúܺðӦþýŶԡ 
֮һΪֻԸС󱲡 
ΪʲôȻ֪˵ʲô 
콣һ֫ƣõһϣţ·ϻ˵ֵֹζ 
˵Ϊɫζʲôֵֹζ֮ͻȻһü֣ȻйɺܵĹζ 
콣ޱߴµļ˿ɢָһָ䣬ոϻžƣ·˰ɣ 
֮ȻΪɫ䣬ζ䡣 
ɫͻһ䡣 
콣ȴУʲôɫ䣿 
ζŵҵĵطϲϣҶŵ 


߳ŵʱֻƶϡ 
ͣȥˣ軵ãΪ£ʵͷʹúܡ 
ƶ΢΢һЦ˵Ҫȥ֡ 
ʲôһһ˵ܣ 
ѵΪҹܵסƶȻ΢Цţ·²ؼ 
һ£ƶ˵òԼãܲ˽ƶϵĻãͲͣˡ 
û˵ȥȻϣ̲סҪʡ 
ƶüΪӦ֪ġ 
渮վ̨üĿķŹΣôһ˲䣬ƶϾƷ·ڴʲô⣬ֲ 
ֱܾԺ֪Ǹʱ﾿ʲô 


ͣվڽֱߵ̯֬ǰѡţ۾ȴеǺϵ֬ǼѾߴŮӡ 
㣬㿴Ӷ֧ûУ־󣬹Ǹ飬˵͵ҪʮءһԲԲСѾһ֧ҿôҲûñȰ 
Ӷôõΰûأ˵᲻Сģһ۾СѾΣ֧ҲƯأ㲻ҪҪˡ 
ˣСôô͸ҿʲô͵İɣԲԲСѾߴһЦС˵ 
ˣ˵ûУҵĴѾ߷üһ䣬СѾһۣϵ֬һţ߰ɣظȥʡһֱ﷭Ƥ˵ϻ 
㣬Ӷ֧ξԷǳھ¥￴ףһ飬βź챦ʯֹþϸСķеƴˡСѾ߲˵ 
ô˵ǺأǺǿûйϵСѾߣֵ֮Ҫ˵ 
ͣתߵԶˣӻСһУУҾ¥ʲôط 
Сִ󷽣ĵĵΰɣʵҲܲأҪҪѡһ֧ 
ֻ֪¥ʲôطͣ 
СָβǱߣܴĺƣ߹ȥһ۾Ϳˡ 
ͣͷ¥ΣӶ塭 



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¥ǵ鱦УѾжʮˣϰ׿һҲķ 
ͣƹһ̷Σֻҡͷ 
Ҫһֻ 
ЩζһһƷƹһ֧䣺㿴֧ΣϺõĴͨ͸Ǻ飬ֹϸͨ̾ûġ 
ͣҡͷҪΡ 
ôһ֧Σƹһ֧죬һ飬ſŹ⻬ԲѵõһС 
ͣȻҡͷҪһ֧ͷĽΣƹûУ 
ͷƹнεУȻУֻǣֵơһͣһ£ӡ 
ע⵽۹⣬ͣ΢һüⲻ㣬λ̫Ҳ׸˵㣬ҲһƲ˵Ӱɣ 
ӷ£¶Сֱۣͱϴһֻǰɭı̣ɫʵأѵһļƷ 
ƹȻʶ֮ˣһʱֱۡ 
ͣ񵭵ĵ뿴֧ͷĽΣ𣿡 
û⣬Ȼû⣬ȥȡƹϽý裬ԼҴ¥ 
ͣ񲻰Ȳ裬ϸɹҤ豭תͻȻһĨϤӰ 
ң 
ʲô֣콣Ǹ𣿡 
һӣȥȴƹһֻйңæĵЦǰҺ˵˼仰򿪺ӿһֽۣ֧ͷȡ˳ 
ͣ󿴵УȻǸСѾ˵βź챦ʯͷعһԡ 
ֻһҹͲ˿Լŵģαһ֧󣬱һֱڴˣѰңôƹҪ򣿡Ҿϸ޵ôǼƷǧֵãֵ̫ˡ 
ƹЦҲֻү˴ֱʶѣγүеһ֧һ֧޵֧ 
Ӧð֧ҲˣЦЦηеͷ͵Ҹ 
ͣͻȻ˳ү 
תλ£ 
Ӳã֧ȿеģүȴ·ߣɲðɣͣӯӯһЦοүѾһ֧𣿺αظ 
΢Ц˭˵һ֧Ͳ򣿡 
˵ϴģѾˣҪȥģͣϿһǱ 
ҺһԼ£͹޹ء俴һۣתߡ 
ңһҲòͣĵƹ֧Ҫˣ㲻 
ƹЦոλҵĶүǴү 
˵ǸԶңͣһ˵˼ϴһ֧һģһΣ 
ǰֻСԲе֧ͬΡƹ񽾰ḧ档 
ͣһͷðɣҲôӦȿ֧ǲֵðɣ 
ƹ򿪺иǣɫ޲֧ΣȻֹ£һһ 
ҹǰʧƷֵǣź챦ʯɫޣͨ͸Ϊ뱦ʯ޵֧ƹ˵䣬òˡ 
ͣոԶ˵ֵ֧ǧӣƹô˵ǻʵȷʵǷƷɱˡ 
СǻʵͯۡƹôƯδޣη̫ʺϣѡΣСĻɫƷּȶ࣬ǮҲ 
ͣЦҲãǾ鷳ƹѡһˡ 
ƹгһ黨͵Σ٣Щ黨λã͹䡣 
ּһֻ÷ӣ֧ûԵĶ 
ƹЦ֧һұʦ죬Ȼʽ򵥣硣ԵĶûˣϲֶƷ֣Լѡ 
ͣ黨ͦƯģٶѡ֧ˡһƹڵԶѾһ֧Ϊʲôһ֧Ҳһˣ 
ƹǾͲˣԭΪһ֧ҪСʱõģǣǳҲڣС㲢ûд֧Ρ 
ͣ΢΢һЦԭ֧βСģôһ֧ʲô˼أ 
ƹ۾һûʲôˣ˵ҶүӣС޸Ҳˣϧձ 
Ƣ𣿡ͣһĵӣȻ֪ˣǲϲˣ 
ЦЦƹϲϲҾͲ֪ҲϲĻϲ˾̫ˡ 
ϲ˭ͣ׷ʵҲԶϲϱŮӣŮӲȢ壬˶֡ 
ƹЦϲĿɾͶˣʲôü֮ģֵԺŵĻͥүĺ֪ 
˵ͣԶǻӡ 
С࣬úõĴҹ㣬ңǣҲǻģүǸɷ򡣡 
Ҳһ㡣ͣͷϵӡ 


渮ԺһСһôǽ 
ͣ񱳿ŴĹˣȥ 
Զ·Ҳֳȴţİ͵һ޶ 
֪ѾߵķıߡͣţϢͥԺһƬɽ 
ǿǴ׳֦Ҷͤͤǣͣͼɽζں棬ע档 
Ժͣ˰ҲûѾ߾ͷתȥһŲȵԲԲĶЩ 
ƿ˭Ѿƿӵˣͣļ˿ӵһߡ 
Ǿƿ֪ʲôॡһ£ͣһǰʱȴһԾƱ 
ͣüǼҶ͵ƺȣﵹǸõطױ˷֡ 
תӼɽ϶߹ 
Ҳ·͸ֳɵˡͣ̽ͷѾģŮӡ 



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Ѿߴһź̽ͷʮ˾ģ°ͼ⣬һ˫ۣεĺ촽΢ţ¶һԻáС 
鶯ţûˣѾ͵͵ıһֻС˳š 
ͣɴۣѵôɣһץסѾ͵ 
ĸѾߵĺ棬 
                  ƹȣ˺ԺۿŰҲֱͣһԺ䡣 
ôܾе㲻Ծͣץץе㷢飬ȴ̲סҪȥҲǸѾߣ㱻ˣѵԼŮ򲻹 
ǽߣ̽ͷһδľժõĲ˷ھߣĥõ۶ʯĥϻûա 
ǳֻǣΪʲôûˣͣ͵һ֪ﲻˣӽ󣬳Ѿߣһ˶û 
ԣ˳βѾߺᴩ˰渮 
˾ȥ 
룬ǰѾ߲ǹؼԣǵĽ˳ 
ȥɣǮжԶ߶ԶҪٻˡҾϵŮӿͣѲ³ѾߣŵСһЩΣ׼ȥЩǮ̲ 
Ǹ˭ΪʲôҪжԶ߶ԶҪٻ 
УѾ˭ 
Сĵָֽһ 
·ýĲƣ۵һ죬÷ڵ˻عˣҲͣϽջ֡ 
Ϊʲô˼ûˣ 
۾յĶŬ뿴ȴڵʲôҲһЦһڴȻ¶һֻ飬Ŀ 
㡭˭﷢ţŹգܻǹǿŵһ䡣 
һû˭أ˵ɣ㵽ʲôѾվűߣվ˸ҶģӣһľսѾǰŵС 
ͣüһЦ˽ 
Ѿɫ΢䣬תͷǼҶߣмǣⶫϱ뿪˵ 
֪ˡǼҶͷηη͵ۿѾߣٿһͣ񣬱ͣһɣϽתۡ 
뿪ͣȵߡ 
ѾۿԶ㲻Լ߱ǡ 
ǡǼҶԶͷɫΪѡ 
ҪĶҲˣѾü΢һѣԽԶԽá 
ôױ˵ôͣӣһץԶаʲôù 
ߣѾߵԶǰе߰ 
ͣۿһץֱѾ׶ȥæ֫һͦбб۹ȥָƹѾֱȡ 
㡭Ѿ鼱֮£һѱסͣԼǰֱۣſھҧ 
ͣѾץסǰɭɭҧ£ŵһУϽ֣ҲˤŤ˽š 
һ߰㣬ͣȴʾ̤һڣ˵˾ͱ뿪 
Ц㵽ʲôˣƾʲôǵȥѾŭĿ 
ͣһʱס֪˸Ǽӵûйϵأȷʵûɹ˼ҵ¡ 
Զ߰ɣҪҿ㡣ѾüĿһƣԶԹСͣСܶ 
ͣ鼱һסԶ 
ԶŵûһһӰﻬ䣬ڵϡ 
ͣȥȻ֧ͷĽΡ 
㡭ӶӡУõεѾӶѾߡ 
Ѿæһ 
ô֧Σ˵ǲ壬͵֧Σ巢֣ɱڣͣһָԶɱʱ֣֧ζ죬Զ˵أǲǣ 
ˣ֧αӶġͻȻ𣬡֪иĿﻹ 


Ϊʱ޷˹ֻϰ֮ãŮӣȼΪҲûãοɱͲҪʲô֮üҺܸȤǣΪôᵽ˰ĵط 
콣˼ת˼ǣԴΪԴ𣿡 
Ϊȸƶɣ֮ˣӦò֮һƵֹҡ 
Զļɽһˣ಼¿㣬׿ѥĿһͷһӦһǣ磬һû 
콣Ṧһ֪߳Լ࣬ﰵ֮࣬ҲɵõĿǰơԶǲֻ֪ǣһԭ͹ٷ죬ǻֵһӻԶ֮ǳ֮˲٣ǵҲ˵ 
ȴʵ㻹׵ߣ 
ô㵣ɱң֮һĨЦ⣬۹˸ŲΪ֪ 
ǲģɱĸף 
ҲΪɱˣױ͸书ΪҰ£ΪɱĸףӦñû֮תۿһԣֹˣ޹صĻǾͲ˵˰ɡ 
콣˵һۣȻһܼģ߹ 
ֹ£еǣ浽Ϊ㣬֪Ϊ޶ȱ¼֮ʻһˡ 
콣һֱ⣬ȻҲ֪𰸣̲סٴλͷ뿴Ṧѵ׵ûڡ 
֮ÿѾصڵĵطˡ 
Ȼ̧ͷŷں콣˵콣ɴۣϹżΡֺͼֹ졣 
֮ˣһֹµôҪҪȥʱ֪ 
ֹ¸ϽعӵĻΪ㱾޶ȱ¼ÿշٵΪƫ³ţƫһ 
Ŷ֮ʵΪλһ 
콣һͷǱȥˣ 
ȷʵ㣬ÿһֵԻϡֹµˣȼÿ졣 
˵Ǳֵһأ콣ֱֱֹµ 
Ҳǲܡֹ΢һü 
֮һնƫ˭ֵ 
룬ôˣܻǵʲô˲ǡҡҡͷ 
ֹµӥӵӵֵ渮үλ 



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                  ˵ 


Զλ㣬գƫԤ֧Ϊȱ 
֮һҵҲ֪ҵ˴˵أ鷳ġҲ֪ԺȸţÿʱҶͣ࣬һЩ񡭡 
ղû£𣿡ԶΪֱܷܵ磬ҲҲ·Ϊ޻㡣鷳Ҳ˵ġ 
Ȼû£ȴһΪ㣬콣΢΢һЦΪζֵʱͰʱǺϣ˲֪ΪΪ˵ڰ޻๫ӣȻ 
˼Զ֣֮ҡͷҿ񡣻ԼҪģûҪѡʱɱ 
ֵֹݵֵӻرλռСѾߡ 
֮Ҽͷ㿴ܸܵûɱĶԼҪģԼѡģǹȢ壬ô㲻Ǹãɱʲôô 
˵ǡ֪ڰοԼȷʵù˲١ 
콣ͻȻԼָʱҲˣڰѸ֪ϢȥǣΪܵܵĻ˼ң֮ʹº޹Ӧòֹ뿪ǡ 
Ҫڣ֮ѷ뷨ڵ棬ҲʱȥˣҲǸܵɣ 
𣿡ҵһЦģҴӴ˲ٻȥŲĵ¡ 
콣Ȼֵ֪ܺ鲻ôãҲϣԼĸ粻ȥĵܵܡ 


ͣһѾӶٿһɫֻʱСŵԶڽ۹תԼǸսϡ 
Ѿ˽ͨܺԣɱõ·壿ͣ俴үɣҺ֣ϲѾߣΪǣοɱӣ 
ԶһЦһҧɱ壬ƾʲôӶ֣¶ֻΣƾ֧θ 
Ѿߣȴһǧ֧ⲻ̫Ҳ£㸮λҶڰʱʲôÿĶԣӶ֧θڣҲҪǲ 
Զҡҡͷȫûκ֤ݣ𣿡 
֧β֤ݣͣЦֻ֪֧֧үУҪҲǺ׵ˡ 
ѵ֧˾ɱ֣ԶɨһۣӶӶȴԶ뿪 
õġӶѽεݸԶţҴߡ 
һ¡Զüǰɣô˵ȴ˽ýθڣ̫ˡһΣӻһƱԶƱֻζãȥ©˰Ҿ㡣 
ͣȫԼֻԼ˵ʱŭߣֻûôװɣȥٸˡ 
Ů˼ӣգرԶ˾ 
һĵļҪƮͣʼԼڽϲʱЩĻֻǫ΢Цš 
ͻȻһ飬òֹԼĻ룬ȴԶѾѨһʱ޷ 
㣬ʲôͣʼ£ûԹȫֻܶ׸ζ 
ʲôֻ̫£Ұ㡣ԶһۣӶԶǣҲҪ±κһ֪ 
ӶԶ˸ɱơ 
̫˰ɣͣ񿴵еǱǸƭǮİ׳գ˼Ҷɱˣ㻹ӣ 
ԶŰܣԶһѾס˱ץüɱʲôֻҪǮԹԵ뿪㿴鶼Ҳɱ㣬û֡ 
ǣүҾԲٻҲԲʹү 
žһǶϣԶո˵ʲô 
ԶϽҡͷʲôû˵ʲôûΪ͵ϲϵľƺȣ±үԲ뿪ġ 
Զͷھ͸Ӷȥɡ 
ҿ˵ٳȥȽϺãǲǣͻȻűߣ΢Це˶ɳȥң˵ʲô 
ҼͻȻ֣΢ȴɫ䵭Ŀһۣѵ֪˽լСҲǸ 
ֻ֪˽ԿѺ˾ǿñˡЦָһָͣǿá 
ѹһˣԭ˽լϰŴġԶһ֪ǧټֻѩֻҲףǵ书ѩ뿪£ 
                  Ҷֵʡ£Ǻܺ𣿡 
ƶ΢Ц˵ҲǣǲүȥٸͶԼɱ»ӣү书ǿҪ뿪һ練ơһɻʯͣϽ⿪Ѩ 
磬ϻˣͣ˵ǸҶ֪ܶ£ˡ 
İɣܵٿ죬ܿùŵİתͷƶ΢΢һЦ 
̾һԶ֪ԼĹֻ뿪ӶԶȴӲµֲңֻǲ֪һЩѡ 
Ϊѵ£ԼӰ죿ƶϺͣҳһʶ 
Ժܶ෽涼Ӱ죬ԣҲκ֪¡Զ԰ԶͻȻӰһһб˭֪ 
һȥƼֺֿͣݣֱԶȥǻ书Ҳÿ˵ȫ书ŵ˫ȲܶԶ 
Уͣ·ͻȻʧȫӦվűߣѾƶԶ 
ۼƷ罫ԶֻĿһԼ塣 
һնϮԶֱۣƶһ߳ס֣ 
Ű˫ȻԶܿùƶϵİ 
Զȫᣬұ۱ѼֱȡԶʺ 
ƶ΢һüͬһסһգڵأǰһסϼѨ 
ӶɱԶŭĿ 
磬侲һ㣬пɱ𣿡Ӷǰס棬ҵĴҵĴҺ㡣 



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Ӷʵҵãȥʱ⾭δ飬ֻһڴǰ˵һŮӣԭ򣬶ûܴؼңŮӵʱףһֻֻΪǡһֱĴѰŮӣȴʼû䡣׸ңҪһһؼңúôֲԼĹ 
̾û˵ 
ԶݹһȦӶҲֱ׵ǰһղŷϴŵ黷ʹ˵ֳ¡ 
磬磬ҵĴҺǡӶӹס۽ǣһжҵĴҪǣҪ֧θң˵ҵĸ磬ô˲С㣬Ƕˡ 
м䣬ľ壿 
콣΢ʵѵ͵Ϊ㣿 
ǵģС˵ǼԺһ㣬ɫʺ죬书ˣȫ书ȴʲôҲûСۿСΪ¿ǣұ⣬С㰵ƶȥǼԺ㣬˲֮ʱİ֧㣬βһأٲԭλ 
ǴŵģԶüѵӻ飿 
ǵġӶҪүµСᷴһסķţ룬ֻСܵˡ 
ΪʲôͣǺ棺ΪϲĻ˵ͺαֵҪӻĵز 
ҳ̾һһҵ֪ȻСңҵ磬ʲô¶˵֮ϵҲûк飬ΪѾǸƶѾϿȥˣȡ󣬱ղˡ 
ûУ̲ͣסĹģСˣֻᵶδˡ 
ҡҡͷѾȥ£˲أҲȫϢ 
ƶϺƶһۣ΢һͷ侲ĵƭˡ 
ҲҲˣԡ 
ҹ⼤㣬˵ҪȢʱԾʹӦˡԶףĵܵܣҪҪ 
ȻȻһһ࣬˵ 
ȻȽҪ콣˵仰ЦĿҵܻܵǺںأҾ˵кԼĵܵܣ뵽ѩֱǡ 
һԶĿңԼûҪ˴˵ 
Բ𣬶ԡԲ𡭡֪ҡһھǵǸԶֱüҲ֪Һ㣿ܸ֪Ϊʲôɣ 
ôˣΪʲôҪ֪ڶϷԲţΪô£ѵû̲סˣʱǶֻʮĺӶѣбҪƽô𣿡 
ԶĶ˵ϲңһӶҷֿģǣȴӦ˺Ļ£ѣȻΪһСѾͷͱҡ 
ҿɻǵ˵⻰ʱֻǺܲмĿңûдӦô˵ұ㣿 
ǣûӦҲû˵ӦԶԵĵԣԼµĴ 
˵ôϲ鶼Ƶϣ߻һȺĪϷˣ𣬡ҶøˣﻹҲţȻ 
͵ķԼ˵©죬Ͻסͷ 
콣ȤЦĿʣ忴ʲô 
ûûʲôڵıǳһƬǺʲôˡ 
Ҳ£Զ϶֪ˡͣ°ԶںԺļɽһֻƿֻƱԶո˵뿪Ϊ͵ϲϵľƺȣ⵹ʵԣ˵͵˾ںԺȣС͸ɽ淢һЩÿ£Ҳûʲôˣǲǣ 
ԶŰһԶֿңͷʲô˵ 
˵ЦҾòģҲ͵ƺȣҲźͷˣ·͵ֵǮĶ巢֣һݣɱ塣 
ģûɱˡԶͨһڵأûɱˣӶ֤죬͵˾ڼɽȣ١Ӷ﷢ˡ 
ģƿ˵ǡ 
ģġԶҪ޳ûɱˣûУֻǣֻǿ 
ֻǿ˴үͶүǲǣƺЦڷʲôûǸȤȥоȻӶѸոտµЦӶ˵÷ηĿڡʵ͵ȥȰɣһƿƺһԾƱӦӶȥ·ĺƣæж 
Զһ㡭ô֪ 
ǰϵ󣬺ܺò¡΢Цŵ֪㵽ɽȥȲΪ͵˾ƺȣΪʲôأ 
ʵʵԶ࿵ĵС㣬Ƕ̽ȥæġ 
ʲôæԼоԼѾࡣ 
ǿŴϴһܳܽϸ˿ߣ̽ҴӼɽһĶȻ߽ 
Ȼأ 
ΪүʹүŹˣ̽ҲҪǿҲҪʲôҾͶ㵽˼ɽ󡣡 
ôӦúһһЩӦñ˿ĶǲǣƼ̧ͷҺԶ 
ǿˡԶ޺޵б˴磬ŴϲҸ໹ϲࡣ˵뱻֪޹ʲôֻΪҵ£룬Щʲô 
ͣŭһѣ̫˽ˣʲôطȥƫƫ·£ǹģԲԣ 
ǣҾǹģ˭ǰ˵κãγԶ޺޵ĵֻ˭֪ᱻɱˣ 
룬мǴŻ֪ƶϾԱ˰죬ڿˣû˵£ԭΪͰ޹أ¹չ 
ʲô£ôġͣӼͷ˵ϻ 
ƶϵĵ·Ǳ󸮣鿴չʬ壬ѾµС 
˵ʲôҴ󾪣ſڿӣ輰ף 
ƶֻ΢΢һЦûк˵ΪչѾߵӶӦ֪ 
˵۹㶼ˢˢĿӶ 
ǣλ˵ûӶȻСȴλϿӣǰС˵ºȢţȴһȥšС㷢ԼУҸү˵ƫƫҪʱף±֪Բżƻӻ顣 
չܲϲүˣƶϷ·µʲôɫʼء 
ǰС粻鷳˵ˣ˶áԲŻȥ͵Ϊ㣬Ϊӻǰ۸һûĶ硣Ӷ͵ۿһԶҺҸ磬԰ѱٵΪּһأϣڶ·ǰΪѾȼˡ 



ʮ ֮ 


ͣͻȻһ£תԶʵүѾӶһ֧ΣΪʲôҪһ֧Ǵ˭ģ 
Һݺݵ˵ܵһۣ˻һǮʲô 
ԶмǶԷУҲܷƵóӶǸոϻصãҶ˼û㲻͵ģʷ֧ǮǴģԾͰ㶩һ֧ΣҪ;͸һģú˱ǲǣ 
콣һЦһɫڵңϽŤͷͣ͵Цʲô 
˱Ǽ٣˳˫档콣ıӣЦĻ͹Լ 
ͣŭĻӿ֣һƻۣ콣˼һڡ 
ž 
콣űͣһƵеôˣ 
ҧңͣץסϲ֪콣ûаѿˮ䵽ϣ֪콣ˮжࣿ 
޹Ŀһۣ콣ӵҶˡ 
Ĭ 
Ĭ 
ڳԲ˵Ҳǣʱλȴûг緹Ǻˣдܡ 
˶ȥˡԶССڣû 
òΪȫµĳû˰ɣҡҡͷ̾һһҾ¥ѵȥ 
ãǽλһ͵ΪףϻӶáԶôദˣֻտʼһֱֱŤѡ 
һ˸ߵ⣬ͼһСһֻµĺӭ 
СԶǰվʩ񣬵үµķΣƹ˵Ҫü 
ԶЦǼʱãͷҽʷ֧ǧӹȥС˵ϵʱǩԼĴӶӶϴѾƹ˵ʧɢãԣȥΣҵϡôƯðƯ·ôУ 
ͣһ£˵ƹ֪Ӷã 
ǰԷҲƼҵģﻹ˵ǺӦġȻҲ֪ԷλôֵءԶκеݸң磬͸Ӷ 


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߽ͣʱƹ㿴ϽӭѡʲôΣ 
ҿռСʱ֧κƯԣûлͣ΢Цŵ֧͸ҼҸսŵСԼǮԲ⣬Ҫǻá 
ƹΪѵĵСļױھǲɰģС겢ûķΡ 
ˣƹ񣬾˵̫үҪСүʱڳĺؿȥʻôƹûȥ 
е㲻ûе渮ȥƹɫĿ 
ͣ΢ЦƹûȥȻҲ֪СķΡױ¿ɲˣ̽Σ 
ƹ΢΢ɫ˵ġ 
֪ԶΪ͸ã˵ʱȴһ㣬ɢҥԣΪϲŮӡͣЦУĺؿ˿㡣 
ƹɫףȷʵȥ渮ӺŽȥġҲȥ壬˵һЩȻ뿪ˡ 
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ϲǸԭȻƹĶӣΪƹΪ˺͸Ů׶ĸӣĸգƹϡ̾Ѿˣȷʵǵ˾ǣ̲硣 
Ȼ治ϣƹһֱܹĶӣҲ֪尵£ڵ֪ҪˣϸĻ֪ù米²ǣǸ岻ܴһաͣ̾һԴӶ»ں󣬱㱻үڸУүͬѣֻóó֮գ˶úϲĽ˺Ժ˵˵ӵ¡ 
Ϊ޸ˣһŭ֮ɱҡҡͷ񡣡 
ͣһۣ˵ɱɱģһжȥʱֲṦһ۾ͱˣ 
ʵӶ̲ס˿ڣʵҡҴԶ󣬻˶ڼɽǺƣִ󿪣СŵüһͶؼɽȥ 
ѵƹɱˣͣҾôײеˣң˵ڣǶûз˵ǵôѪֵĵ·Ͽ϶ҲѪƹĻҪԼϵѪߣ 
ôߡ콣ЦЦǴŶһ㣬Զ˵ѹǿôϵһϸ˿ߴɽһĶݸ 
ͣ׵Ŀ 
ƶϵһ£˿ߵһͷںԺһ֦ϣ䣬ٽ˿ߴխСļɽڵݵĴǰ˿ߵһͷ˶̵ٷ֣ᷢʲô 
콣ȥɽǸпգĶǰСͻȻ˿߷̵֣֦أͨǰһϴĶһСס֦Ȼ˿ϣڼɽпյĶУ˷֡Ĵ˿߻һϸƣǽһҲбײĺۼóһѪ߰ߵĵݸƶϣ㿴а׻ңǷʱײڴڸǽϣٿڣ˿ǲһģ 
ǲġ 
˿ԶġͣѵıҪɱү 
ңԶָԼǾȣɱҸʲô 
ӶСҪɱ磬ֻԵͷѡ 
㡭֪ԶŴ죬㺦ˣ֪֪ 
ԣ˼аΪӶ˼ͷ 
ףȴҪ޸ܼ޵ˣӻ飬֮ȴֿ磬ǰȥ·׷̾һпɱ𣿡 
Ȼпܣֻǣ֮ǰ֪ۣȫûѡ콣Ȼ˽ۣǲǿ԰Ҵųˣ 


ѩΪֱץȥģҪˣ̫үͷүͷ 
ռڵҲǴ˼ңɱŮף׷ŹױǸҪģù󣬶ѩﲻ˵ԼŮ֮Ҳסˡ 
οүԼŮ֪ӦҶүĻºҲͷͼѰôҲϴӦޣȫӶ飬ûڼ 
岢һжǿŮӣȥˣȴûа취ȫԼİ飬֪˺Ѿ⡣ãɱԶΪҼ鷳ȴҺԶܡ 
ԣɱԼ 
ΪԼҲΪˡ 


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һƺ 
Ѿ𣿡Ӷվű߿硣 
Զ΢΢һЦô᲻ã 
Ӷ㲻Ҫ˵ 
ӶԶѹסͷͷҴСϣԼиãԽСһԣʲôµĻǧҪǣϲˣֻҪҲĶãΪ˿ɿʲôǶԸģϾԼҸ 
磬áӶŤסҺܸôõ磬ҲԼСĻ³ɳ 
ҵ׼ӻ飬Ϊˣ˲˾ɱ̫˵ɣⲻôѶϵǣʲôԸصĴǲ֪ġ 
壿Զһִͷ΢ЦΣڿʼҿԹϷֵλˡ 
磬òСҰɣӶ⼷м䣬Զҷֿ磬Ҷ磬Բԣ 
ոϻصվǰܲԹԵͷ 
ӶԶŭĵȴ취ҲûС 



콣УԼԶԶں棬Ÿͣ 
ͣ콣ס˵ɣǲʲô 
ڰ׷΢΢һתͣЦʲôˣھ¥һ֧黨ҲǱ棿 
Ǹƹǲǻ˵ʲô£û˵콣ɵƭңһתҾ֪ڴʲôˡ 
ͣб뻣ңƫ 
㲻˵Ҳɵ㣬±ϻؼҵֲҡ콣תͷǰܣٿ 
ͣһ£ͻȻ콣˼Ҫ˵Լؼȥ̰鷳ĸԣͺ޲Լؼˣ콣Ҳ˵ĻֻԼĲܸһȥſˡ 
˼ˣìĲ˵ܣȻɱɣȰ֮£Ҳͽ˵ֻǣ˵϶Ҫͻؼȥôɣû湻֪޺ƴµ׵ôϸ£Ҫǣ 
ûڽ򣬳Ϊ˾𾴵Ů 
ͻؼңӼҵĲ¼̤һǲˡ 
ۿ콣Ѿߵߣۿסƣۿƻͷ 
콣Ǹ쵰֣ϣԼü 
Ǹ쵰תЦеĿȻſƵתͷܻЦеô£ 
¶һҧгݵν΢Цͣ޺޵ĵãҿԸ㣬ҴҪһؼҵĻð˵û 
콣΢һüЦðû⡣ 
ͣɫ֣صĵǧܸκ˵ΪзĲ߱ˡ 
콣ЦŵͷУ˵ʲôС 
ָͣССڣǸƹ˵Ů 
콣΢Ц·һ㣬˰Ƭ 
ԣҲɱԭ򡣡ͣ˵꣬ͻȻ콣סˣιأ 
콣Щ£Ͻӣûûʲôе㾪ˡ 
ɫôôִ֣ͣգӲһ͸Ͻʬˡ 
콣еʬˡ 
ͣתܣ׷˭˭ 
Զѩ֣ͻȻͷһƣҲͷһЦ 
ƶԹۣЦ£̫࣬ҡ 
Цʣ˼ǣɷչ 
ҲȽϺãѩҲ˿ڣ콣Ƣܾ֪ǵ뷨϶ų⣬ά״ 
ƶЦ㵹Ǻ˽콣ֵ顪 
ѩһֻۣ΢΢һЦȴ˵ 
ͻȻùƲĿѩٿƶϣ֪ﲻԣܸоõǼˣȻŵ콣֮ͣ䣬޵ 
ìܾᣬȻֲ׸ 


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еһ塣 
µһҡ 
ǣȺɽϱ֮䣬Ͳ֮ɽĳǽسǻء 
ƶ˲ʶȫ谭 
óţֵһгׯݣһз䣬һнӣһв°գͬ 
ǣŵˣҲ⣬ƽףŶǿȡᡣƶϱ߱ǽš 
ô󣬺ɡ콣ͣ񣺡ѵνĴҶӵأǲҲô󣿡 
ȻǣٶĻҵѰҿɱȣͣ̾ΪֹĿȺ̲סĵһƺ 
ô㻹˼үϲ㵱ϱ콣ȡЦ 
ͣգȭҪ׷콣 
ʮţˡһ˴Աߵľ¥أЦүһֱôû 
ƶϿ䵭ĵ·ŵ£ˡ 
˿ߵһȺˣʵ⼸λ𣿡 
⼸λүҪȥȥصĹƶϵʮˣһˣҪλȥүӸ˵ˡ 
ٿˣƺѩһͷ߰ɡ 
ûϵƶǰҲĮȻƺЩŭȻȴҡߡЦüĿһĨ֮ɫת˲ЦĵҲҪڳǣһ߰ɡ 
ƶſڱҪܾƸյţˣֿƶϽãһߣ˴Ҳö顣ƣҼСͣǱѩ콣λֵܣ֪γƺ 
΢ЦԭӣһһᡣСʮˣһ֣λʮ˱á 
ʮ֣롣Цá 
ˣƳתƶϵٻһǵģӻڸ鲼ׯѡ·ɣȥ 
ٻˣƶһ㶣Īҳˣ 
Ƴһۣδڣʮүʵںûö˶˵ģٻķҳ£ 
ת㿴λŮ߽һλˮ쵰ɸɾʩۣ֬һӣһ̷ֻø߸ߣ˿ҡұһλԲۣС˼꣬üĵеĶ٣бҡһһҡҷˡ 


ʮ 
                  Ȫˮϴ֬ 

ٻˡƶĮȻǻŮӵһͷתƳǿڳȥɡ 
ǻŮӶƶƺЩ£ֻǿЦЦʮŸ硣ٲ˵ 
ʮүǱòãٻˡٻߵŮ΢Цţ˵λʮүôʮүҲһ£ 
Ƴ׵Ϊ裬Ҳͻ§סǼڷ̣С軵ˣڣλҪ֡ 
̻ͣԼͣһ·ûϹͬŮϲǰסֵ㣬ͣͣˡ 
΢ЦƿƳҪϻڳ𣿿ҺٻҪءߣǵ»ȥתͣͣһ·᲻ۣ۵Ļһֺ𣿡 
ͣϲĵððһ𣬴ҹġ 
е㲻ĵĿһƶϣɫ糣Ҳͣˡ 
ʱ콣½ǣת콣Բ²ǲ콣ͣһ 
Ҹոտʶ콣ѹߵ֪Ϊʲôܾû· 
΢һüĿŶ㿴ʲôˣ 
ʶõˣҶĵϸϣ̫˰ɡ콣΢΢һЦתѩϣССֹ磬ֶˡ 
˵С˽书ĿĻƳֻЦһۣȴЦͣͷݺݴһȭ콣˻Ằʲô 
Ƽ񣬳ȵͣ񣡡 
콣û˵䣬۽ɨһ˵ӰסһһƵ㿴˭ 
תͷһۣ֪ǲ컹ǾϲĽгһȺ˳˹ȥһץסһеޣûô 
عһ˫ü䴽òͳ޹ȻƼƣ·ʶһ㡣 
ޣҰư㲻ǵˣƴأƴưͷһʡ 
ڻعĵϴˣҲǳޣƴҲҪĻȥڳǡ 
㲻ޣһ£Ȼ޵ĽԲԣ 
ȻԲѣĻҪʧˡƶǶ˹̾һʮүˡ 
ʮɩ֣ƶ΢Цһͷ 
ЦʮɩһְɣȻڳǡ 
ƶϿһƳͷãȻȥˡ 
סͣͣҲһֺˣǰһʲôģˣԺһȪͣôõ·ȹҲˣȥƯѣȻȪԺڳǺܽġ 
ðͣúݸˣ˵Ȫϲ˫۷Ź⡣ 



Ⱥɽ֮䣬ӵڳǣбԺ䣬¸ 
һȪԺŮϲĵطǰ˴һ۴Ȫ⣬ʮСȪۣڡ 
ͣһСȪһԱɵͷʳص״ĥù⻬ƽˮж̣ȪŻݣԼԼɼӰ˿Ʈŵζʵ޿޵ĺõط 
̾ͣԱߵһȪſڳر߿Цͣ񳤵úƯأҾøոǼŰٵͼȹˣɫҲ۵ǡǡá 
ߺͣƯأƤҲܺãΪȪ𣿡 
˵ƤãٻʮɩƤҺáתͷһͷٻ˰ɣʮɩΪʲôأ 
ٻСҸոʮɩ˵£ûʲô£ҲûҪ˵˼ţǺܼİɣ 
Ҳ֪̾ʮɩҲʮү˺ûô˵֪ʮүЩʲôܡ 
סʮɩĵܵ𣿡ٻڵòʮɩʮ߸约ܵڴϲܶɣ 
ȫûкת𣿡ͣݵҪ˯ˡ 
ôأ˵ǶԣѲˡֻʮүܾ󣬷һҪŴֹڴϣ϶û뷽跨ҡ 
ͣ΢Цô᣿Ƴܺء 
Ϊںúõû°ˡ̼ٻβ˵ʵٻ˯ˣСЩݵ̫ãεġ 
ٻһ£˯ˡ 
ͣССĺҲ˯ˡ 
˯˵˵Դ޽Ҿûгţ˵Щ¸òãҡ˯ 
ͣͷǰڼĺû˼أҲŻĸŴܳġ 
ãϴ棬Ƴǻҳȥ̳°Ϳǣûʲô£ 
аҸճһʶľ콣Ǽһܿɶ۸ҡȻ󣬾ʶ磬ǺˣгޣǳĵܵܣûѵǸÿͣͻȻ뵽ƴͳ޵²Ӧ˵Ͻ졣 
˵Ȼأ̺Ȥ׷ʡ 
˶ֱͣ˼һ£ʶ·ʼһ· 
ĽĿҸԳȥ档ȻأԽΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣ 
ѽ̫ãͷеˡٻͻȻ˿ڣȥϢһ£ݣǼҪһŶ 
治ݣȥȥɣȵˮԵ㶫̵ˣѾЩҺͣݱ߳ԡ 
֪ˡٻӦţ˻ҴҴϿıۣܽů 
ֱ۳ڳرߣ˫һһˮЦĵͣȪԺĹӸζرãһϲġ 
ͣŻҶӳǹŰ۵ϸӰһţͻȻʵ㣬ƹǲĵӣΪʲô 
Ҳֱ֪óĴ˸ǷҼŵʱٻѾȥɽׯˡҲŵһؼء 
ͣͷЦòϲȴ޲ɣİɣ 
̴ЦѾͷЩʲô߰İվȪ۱ߵļȡӣ̫ˣҪȥϢһ¡۴ϡ 
ҲϢһ£еͷˡͣ 
ȥůһ°ɣԵ㶫ٻӦѾг׼õˡ̴߽ů 
ΪȪ;Ϣĵطůů˵Ϊıڶл¯ 
ɵǽϣӵͣЦ֪Ϊʲôû̫ãȫҪһֱ˵ֻһ˯ŵġ 
ͣͷǰҾͲ˯ˣҸ·ϵ̫۰ɡ 
֡üôٻ 
ůűƿٻһ̵ĽЦ֪˭Ҫ㣬ҶȥȪʱ򣬾Ȼûڡ 
һѾߴҴ˹С㣬ˣڳǴүҪ˶ϡ 
Ϊʲô̼ôæǳʲô¡ 
˵˵Ѿ߿һٻСҹүɱˡ 
ٻֵŴۣжŵӡƹء 
ͣ󾪣ʵƹôˣ 
һѣСٻɷ򡣡 


ʮ ̲ 

ףɽׯׯƾӣȢ巿ŮٻΪޣ˴ٻʡףͬǰȴǵտ¬ɽɽ߱ɱ 
̫үԼŮűɱǳŭڴۼ 
ʮţ˵һ¡̫ү̫ʦϣָŶͷѾûо±׹ˡ 
ƶ̤һױ󱳲룬ֱ͸ֵַ׼һɱ־Ǻ׺ޡѾеʿ׶ûдʱҲ˿֤ǲտ¬ɽһٳǳɱгүӹĿ 
ǡվһӰһ̫ү 
̫үչϸͻȻʵ֮ǲǽغһλǿӣ 
ƶϵһͷδʱ̣֮˵ǸʱʲôطʱʱڻɾӺȾƣƹ͵С֤һӵʱṦٺãҲܴտ¬ɽϵɾӡˣųɡ 
̫ү΢΢һЦҲǻ׵Ĺֻƽƽ֮ǵ궫๫ӵĺˣɱһףý๫Ժ֮ʱһֻǸӣʱúܿ찡 
ף쵶ϲҲţʲô̫үַһ֡ 
Աߵϵվһˣʩүӣϲѣ·ġ 
̫үתۿƶϣ΢΢ͷһŵϵˡ 
ǣǴڳǳȥӵˡƶϳ˽űɱ㱾ŵӣҲϢ 
ҿʮǺһģδʱ̣ӦѾ·˰ɣ̫ү¿ٻʮϱ 
ʮѾʹǸʱٻʮɩҵĴСȪԺƶ֪үͣٵһΪĽ͡ 
ʮʮͶʮһȥ 
ǧԺȾƣͯ輧֤ 
ʮϱҲȥˣ 
ʮɩδ顣 
˻شţƶͻȻ뵽ǣΪ㣬Ҫ˶Ŀ 
ɱ˵ġƴڿ˿ڣãȴѣŵ˿ʼ˽ȻҪͦ书ƾʲôɱף 
ʱʧΪƴĻ 
վڴ⣬һʿ£עУ˽Ȱݼ̫үȻתƴ 
ʮϱȥˣ̫үĻֹסĽŲ 
ǵģүӣҺܾûȥˣԽȥϿ 
ʲôʱȥģ 
ǽδʱʱ򡣡ɫƽ·𲢲֪ʲô¡ 
̫үһͷֵôδʱ̵ʱ 
ǡ 
δ 
΢΢Ƕ÷֡ 
ʱ÷δȥ÷ʲôΪ֤ 
ֻΪɢģ˿֤ɫ΢΢ף˫ȴȫȻ޾̫ү 
ʲôʱ򵽵÷֣ںʱ뿪 
δʱʮүʮүˣ֮ȥ÷֣ʱһ뿪 
֮ȥ 
Ĵ߶ѡ 
û˼㣿 
ûС 
۹⵭ɨƴƶϣ̫ү㿴ƶϻ⣬ƽĵõӣùѺ 
ɷΪʲôΪʲôҪѺңҵʲô 
ƴδʱ̵û˿Ϊ֤˵ú룬ûʲôˣ 
ȷʵڳǶ÷֣׳ʲô£ΪʲôҪѺңѵǶ÷ȥã 
ƴʹĿѵ㲻֪ˣδʱ̣տ¬ɽߡ 
Ϊʲôʲôϵ 
еʿˣû⣬ڳǳȥıˣֻû˿֤δʱ㲻տ¬ɽƶ϶ʮɩѵ뿪;ûϹʲôˣ 
ûСҧŴһףȻ 
ƶϲɫĵͷ߳źµõӣ˳ȥ 
ûɱˣ㡭ƴݺȭͷһתߵĲ輸ϣ豭㵹һˮ 
ƶֱģûȷǰҲ̵ġ 


Ƽ֪޵ƶϺƴһǰȥ 
ɱǰԼһڳ֤ͣȻųС˵š 
˵Լɱһ콣Ц˹ⱲûɱˣûҪô 
ҡͷҵ˵̫侲һвɸ˵ܵˣǾʧ룬侲ÿ¡ҲǺߡ 
ƶͷûȤҳȥߣ 
ƿڣ콣ŵҪȥ 
ƶϵǽյϴϢһ±ȽϺá 
콣һתЦҰ£۹ء 
֪ΪʲôĪЩ飬ƵʲôģҲƶҺһտ¬ɽµĵطѣҪȥȥˡ 
ʧ΢΢죬콣һƶϵ㲻ҹ𣿡 
ƶһǸճԹͻȻ뵽콣֣ر׶ʣòֶ˰ɣ 
ҪҪҳҹ콣ʵûҽڸһȥѡ 
㲻ոһͷˮĻҵȻ⡣ƶϵһۡ 
ʱƶзԸϷζСˣ콣̰ԣҪصĴˣ׼͹ˮ¡ 
콣µȻЩ΢Ĵֽʳջǿŵͷãٺ衣 
̲סһЦһִƶϵļͷһִ˴콣һгԵľʲôܲˡ 
ʳΪ졣콣һ 
һԶԶǰƴͣ˽Ųˣ 
顰ֵźľ԰д񼸴ԣɽһСȪ͸ףŽβ 
ʺϾĵطѩм޾ȹ콣ΪģȻչ˵úܺãҲĲ١ 
߹ͷ䣬ƴһվŵޣҴˡ 



ʮ 
                  Դ· 

Ŵ򿪣𣺡ʮүˡ 
ͣŶ죬̽ͷȥ˭ȴֻһʶѾߣòɫ𪣬һ˫۾Өˮ 
ҩιûУƴȻڷʣѾ߻شѾ˽ȥ 
ѾߵողιȻ಻ȥӵҲԽԽ΢ˡ΢üԵΪġ 
󣬳ӭ͵Ļľ⣬ǳŵŴˡ 
ִůĴŵķЩ룬ڴϣɫѩǼȻȻЩ΢£ʬˡ 
һᣬϼǰס˳¶ڱ֣һˮϢǲ԰׶΢¶Ѫֱܵϡ 
ޡţСС𣺡ҵĴҺ㡭 
ƶϼ֣ҪοѩѿڵⲻĴѾԸټƴһ棬룬ӦǺܸмġ 
ǣңͲرôԼƳң޲˳죬ֻãѣҲҪޣİ컵£Լѳ޺ң¸ѹ쳣 
޹أΪ¸εӦҡƴųޣڵһգϲٳκ¹ʣҽҲһߡ 
ƴ㡭콣ľ֪ʲô¡ 
ѩѹסͷģʾҪʧ̬ 
ΪгһտѹҲҪȱغԼ壬Ӧǣһѡѿֱƴ࣬ҹξγȴ䷨ʹˡ 
ƴڳ޴£ĿҲԶ˯еİ취Ϊʲô㻹ǲǲȻڹңûԭң 
ƶƵ䣬ʾԼȥѩ״콣˵Ǽһʶˣÿ»ᷢ˭ôĸо 
콣΢һǳʶõˣѶ㲻ϣ̫ү˵λǿ֮ 
ող˵ûɣӲƶҪȥҹĿǲ˽ȥ֪Ī֣콣ǵ˼ѩв׵ĵ 
ѽ콣˵ƶϣæתͷȥңȴѾƶϺƵӰ 
Ѿˣѩһ۳ճų޵ƴתͷС콣˵ŵ£ǣ࣬ǻǲҪֱȽϺá 
ͣѾͷأ콣ͻȻһˡ 
Ѿߵոձʮٷ˽ȥˡ 
ѩֻʣԼֵܣƴл㱣ֻǶų޷ҲѾߵȸˣó̴úϢɡ 
ֻƴûע⣬ȴƴǣǸεĵ̫ʧˣȻֻ˷ʮžȻߵҲ֪úк͡ 
ѩæҡҡֵǧ˵Ƕ֪̫ĳ̴ĲʮҪǵġո·ҲˣֵܾȻȥϢˣƹӣԼҲҪ֤尡̴ܲܿɾȫˡ 
ƴͷˣλϢһ£ȻүҪλһˣضҪ£ŻᵥλޣҶжԲѣҲκҲûټκˡ 
ѩ̾һֵܱȸˡ 
ƴˮ£Ϳ͡ 
Ѿˮ´ţֵ˳ȥ 

㶼֪жģֻͷƶҩû棬ǸƳƭҼ˵ʲô˿ڶ࣬Ҳ࣬Ҽ޽ڼôģֿ˵һ󴮣Ȼֵͣͣ񰡣һ;ͶԵ᲻뿪Ҫźòã㿴ʮүͦӢ书ָߣܸɣ֪Ůż޸ء 
ͣЩȥ㡭˵ƶϣ 
ǰҲǲǣ²˵أҪǼԼϲǸĶҪοżҲί㡣 
о΢΢һ㺹ͣǿЦЦҶƶûʲô뷨ģǧҪᡣ 
찡޸ƶϣǻϵˬһ㡣Ű˷紵² 
̴һתЦŵſ࣬ʮүãбǺĺ˵ء 
ٱˣ㰡ҲǺĺ˵ءͣЦԵ£ǿõġ 
˼ĵͷ⵹ҲǡؿǲѾˣ 
ͣǺ㰡ں˵Щʲôأ 
ѵ㲻ΪѾϲˣԲŶҵȫӿǵ𣿡 
ͣüȻˣôױҵϲˣ 
Ҳ°ʮɩ϶ҲϲˣԲ˵ǸʱͻȻת˻⣬ܾʮɩôݶˣһ˹ģ˵ôɱ˵ġ 
ԽŲֵˣԽп֣ĸֻڶͷϿҪɱ˵أͣͬĻ 
һѾ˽϶һ޺ӣңˣүո˵죬ӣңǸմժµģء 
ܵüЦĽӹѾ£ͣɡ 
Լһڴҧһţ̵΢΢һ˿ɬĹ⣬³ˣЦζȷʵʡ 
ͣЦʮٶĺܺð 
ʮүʮɩûôáֳһţȻҲ˵ʮүãֻǣôǲޣоֵֹġԣ˵ʮɩϲˣҾԲ֣ңҲʮɩ 
Ϊʲô̫ͣ˼ 
̿һۣ΢Ц˺ȻˡңĲ˵ʮүȻûʮɩʳסҲᣬȱٹذ̾һƳ˶ңšԴؼҵȥˡ 
ֵʮɩȻ޶ƵģȫںʮүǲǶáԣܻʮɩǰѾϲˡ̼ͣҲգʧЦҶҲµģɱȥ 
ͣץһӣҷŽЦЦ̾ɳ·ˡ 
ˡôһ˵ͻȻʲôͷ˼ţҲڡ 
ͣɫŹ֣ʵ㣬ʲô 
һ̧ͷЦûʲôֻͻȻе¡ 
㻹ͣȸǺˡͣ΢Ц 
ҲͣúϢȥ棬ȥȪʵҪٻҶ˻мȪԺأҪȥúݸ 
õġͣתȥֽסһȣӣȥ԰ɡ 
ˣҲǺϲӣҵġͣЦƳ١ 
ףתͷͣ󣬡ٻ£ 
ͣͷٻɫȻ˽뵽ոɷ򣬴ҷԼ죬˵㣬ٻɫˣĵûȥϢˣλġ㣬ǵȪ 
ðЦŵͷ 
ͣתߣŸײ˵ӣˤҺٻһѣվˡ 
лл㡣ͣЦŶͷһСɫߵ㣬㲱ôˣ 
ٻڵסӣǿЦûʲôҧһڡ 
ȻŲ̫񣬲ҲĴӺͱ𴦲һأ 
ͣЦһЦҴһصԼ䡣 



ʮһ ɢ 

衣 
ǵĳͷϱ¿Ӱ 
ƶϾһһ̳ƣȺһڣǰҹȾơ 
ΪǴȥǸտ¬ɽǳǶ÷ֿأΪʲô¿˿̳ƣЦòǻͲܺȾƣԲŶĺȰɣ 
ƶϻһۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ɫ㿡ðΣͻȻ㳤úܺÿ 
Ƿĵ̾ͺһ仨úǺƯһ㣬ȫûбĺ壬ƣȻҲһ˳úÿʲô֮ 
ƶȻֻ΢Ц·ǽַ̾·𲢲⡣ 
ҲΪʲôҪĴȾơƺĿ˵ʲôԱ˵Ҫң 
ߵĵطҪԿףٺõṦҲϲƶûͷûԵ˵ţֺһھơ 
ЦΣ̽ҵṦ뿴ǲηߣ 
ƶҡҡͷȾƣԿһЩط¡ 
磿ָһָǰڳͨǵıؾ֮·Բԣ 
ƶЦŵͷҪΪ㹻Ҫ콣嶯ǻҡ 
ƺءסһָҲʲôط 
ǽҪӵһĿġ׿ջҲסдŵʿƶϵĴ£ŵĳЩ˺š 
Ҹոտ˽ȥƵǽ˵ʶ쵶ϲǸ 
ƶϵͷǶʮһȥһ˶š 
תͷȥڰУͻȻվһˣȭٶʧںڰС 
Ȼ˸ţƾе㲻΢Цųܴء 
ƶϵҪӵĿܶ࣬ҲǵĻǲģԣл˵͵ 
ƿ֪Լ˵Щʲôַ·кܶ໰ìţĪЩգվȥ 
ƶϳּ죬һѱס󣬳ȥ 
ΪʲôƲʣƣƶϵһƳ 
ƶĴָۻģбţ֣Ҳݾߡ 
֪˵ֲԸڴԶһҶˣȥԶܿԵİɣ 
ԽԡƶȻ뿪 
ǡһ㣬תȥ㡣ƶһҲͣߡ 
ƶ͡һЦǺȴתͷ֪Լﵽʲô·Щƶ 
Ҵ˳¥̲ס̧ͷƶԭҲδƮƮɫ࣬ϣмԵĹ¼š 
﹫ӡڳ¥µõӼæԸΪݾߣ빫ӲҪ̫׿ջ 
֪ƺݺݺһƱؿкܾãʵҲǸոտƶһ˶ģĪıмϸһ£ƶϴĸĸκһصź󣬰ݼүӱ׵£˵ټۣԼĸĸкѵ˵ 
סԱһõʵŵϵӰɣ 
ȻǡЦЦ£ҲҶ˵﹫ӣҲҪȽϺá 
Ϊʲôп𣿡Ǻ棬ԽҪʣԽҪʵס 
˽£Щµô˵֮﹫㲻Ҫˣ΢΢һЦ﹫ӣܺã㵱ѣԺڣǲҪ̫档 
΢֪ΪΣе㷢ƶ϶Һܺãôã 
ӵһ򲻹Цһ굽ͷѵÿе飬Ƕ﹫ʱ򣬶ٻһ΢ЦЩޱ˵ֱǸ漣ù㵱ѣҲˣҪ֪¥أڴ˿ɹȫòҪ˵ˣǲȥ 
㲻˵ôŰɣʧЦ˵ҺǺҪˣҿɳܲȺ񰮡ʵҪҰӰˡ 
Ц﹫ô˵ɣֻ﹫׷ʹ£ѵÿ˵ӣ¶һء 
бĵǵĶԻҲǰ죺ǰ﹫ǧȻǾͲˡ 
﹫ӰҪŶЩӰɣǶܻӭ㡣 
ԶԶԣ﹫һⶼˡ 
ǰɡƿЦõĿһȺһõӣе޴ˡ 
ѵƶУرͬĺѣ 
ʲôʱأΪʲôԼ֪ 
û˿ӳ¥ƶϣۿƣҲԶķ׿ջ߳Ǹˡ 
ȻñãӰȴʵ̫Ϥòɡ 
ȥ 
õӱһδŭæָǸˡ 
ƼߵԼߣ֪ǷոЩõӰ뿪ЦĻе㲻˼ֲʾʵǸ˺ܿɣ 
룬ӦüƶϿƣǸûʲôӡ󣿡 
ңΪʲôңĪĿӦŵ˰ɣ 
ĶӦϹĽˡƶ˼Ҽǵ콣˵һʶˡ 
Цǿɲûʶ 
һƶüһɻ鷢 

Ȼ㷢ˡ 
ǣڳǡ 
ƶϺһҹвүӱʲô·֣˵ˡ 
ˡ 
ں԰ 
һдߺ󱳴룬ֱ͸ 
ʬѾ䣬ǰһʱʱȥġ 
ƳͬϵĸĩȾطַ̲ڷڣΪѰȥˣҲû⡣ֱҹδ̻תҲѾ˵λС㷿ˣĴѰȴں԰ҵʬ塣 



ʮ 
                  ع 

󿴼̵˭ 
ͣæҡָƶϣңߵʱٻˣӦ󿴼ˡ 
ٻҲϣʱչұطˡ 
ô뿪ʱûоʲôطԾƶһߵݵʬһʵʱʱ򣬴ӦöѾ˯ˣΪλȥ԰ǣԼȥ 
ҾͲ֪ˣ뿪ʱúõġٻһĵ룬Ѿ߻֪øϸһɣ 
ƶϵѾʹ̵ѾСңʱһ̵ʱ뿪Ƴںʱʬ塣Ҳ˵һʱڱɱϸʱ䣬ҪȰʬ֪ 
ʱ׼ȷһ˵Ӧʱ̵ʱ֮䣬ɼʮɩһӵʱűɱ 
˰ɣƶϿʱһԺŻԣԺԺͱԺ˶ܽ˶Ժȥɱ̣Ϊɱ˺߲ԣסڶԺһһʹȴǿʼɡ 
ʱʱҲǶ˯𣿡ͣһۣûĵΪôУҹ׳ͷϴأһͷ˯ƶȴȵľʶλδŮʵúòͷ 
ƶֻ赭дɨһۣʵôǸʱڷ˯ˣ˭֤ 
˯˯ˣѵܹܰץ֤ͣԽ۰׵ļ΢΢Ǻ죬Ҫܳȥ׳ͷѵ˵Լ˯źʲô֤𣿡 
ٻ̲ס΢Цƶϱ۹ɨ˹ϽסЦɫҵķ䵽԰һһҲһʱ䣬ʱʱҾɤӲѾ߸Ҷһ 
룬֮ܲ˵й˰ɣ콣ֻõӴ˽ 
ƶǼõӵһ㣬ʾ£ת콣һʼҾû˵̵ͳйذɣһһҹ䣬ʵں˵Ǻ޹ 
콣һܼܲ£ 
΢һƶϵͷãȥϣ֪һµйһõӣ콣ȥѺĵط 
콣üһЦתҪߣֻͷʵ˵췢˿֮ˣ 
ƶüǿ֮ˣֻǸտʼûע⵽ǽ˰ˡ 
Ŷ˭콣˺ġ 
ҶʶˣŻ·񡣡 
콣֪ΪЦŸʲôȤ 
㲻Ҫȥʲôƶϵһ۵Ҫһȥ𣿡 
Ҫ 
Ҫ 
콣һһЩ˽£֪ 
ǲʲô²֪ҲϡͣһתЦƶϰ·Ҳ´ӦúǼ棬ʾĽǡ 
ŶѾס˿ͷס԰ƶϵֺҹѾˡ 

·бڴϣһ˫ȴŶŻţ˵úõж󲻴ǵ֪֪ܵһ·Ϊ˲˦ܵöడ 
ҲûнһŻ޳ָէչԼ˱衣΢Ĵ͸룬黨ɢϣע裬̧һһַˣǧǧ顣 
·һЦ֪һģ֪ҲһߡɽϣھδʱɾĶӡʵ񣬺͹Ҳ񡣡 
Żͷ⻬ɫһĨѣ 
Ϊʲôʣ̧ǳһڲ衣 
ǳֻǸ˵ĸо񡣡·ƫͷЦңС۾ҡ 
ŻһۣȻΪԣ 
㻹˵СͶƫ·ɲסˣʱͿʼأֻҹ鷿飬ȴܽһаʽ˵˵ʦĶӣ¶ϵͬҲôõ 
Żɨһۣ΢ЦƫľԱ㲻ϹҽһʦԲԣ 
Сʱй뷨Щ£Ҳںˡ·ֻǵһЦ 
ŻȤĿСںŲ裬ЦȻѾںˣôһʦɡ㻹ôСһʱ򣬡ֱȻţЦȻܸˣʵںܹԺܿɰģһգͻཱུˮ̫ˡ 
˵ûϲ̧ͷǰһӰƽ·һͳʱС˵Ծ۸ңǲǣ 
ŻԼһʱ˵©죬е磬ͻȻʲô̧ͷͦصĵ㻹һ֪ȥЩĵѧ˹򣬾Ȼҷս 
Ϊ㲻Ͻң˿Ͻҡ·žһϣͷҲ¸㣬֮ǴҸսΪ֪ʤҡҽǸһΪҵΪȫҡ 
ŻɫأֱʵΪʲôΪʲô 
ʺãҴˡ·񻺻ƽҲںʲôģǸʱΨһľǿԴ㣬Ҳ޷ҡ 
Ҳӹ㣬ŻʼоѹȸУӿ·ں¡ϰ䣬Ϊĸװиҵʱ˵ܽ书 
㲻ϲۿңΪʲô·綢ޣѣ˵ң 
Ż΢΢һü㣿ȻǺµİǺӷ·͸һе۹⣬ĺӲһ㡣 
̾һ·˿һЦȻûע⣬ҹȻ̫ˡٿһתȵ˭ 
š֨ѽһƿһӰ˽壺ѽ˼̫ˣ֪ҪſԹýʾһ£ 
㣿·üתͷ£Լ˱衣 
Żе죬·ʶӣһʱҲ벻˭ʵλ𣿡 
Ҹƣ·Ǻѡͣ˽ȹڳ΢˫ָǳЦ绨 
ԭֵýŻһ 
ͣʵ£תŻ·ʦҸ·ĺѣǲǸùһأǣ㿴ʵ̫ᡣ 
ĸʦԣ;ƽô𣿡·Цһ 
ͣתЦұһŴˣɲҪҲѽ 
ŻҲúƽʲôͷƺǣ֪ʲô¡ 
ûֻǾúܺ棬ΪʲôŴͣһָ·ЦĵӼӣҲǱǶһ·أ 
Ѿͷ·񱩺һ֡ 
ʲôŻ΢һüбΣͣǰ 
·㬵ĵͣһۣѾͷ˵עŵ㡣 
Żͣ΢΢һЦСͽǧҪ֡ʵǴڵġ 
ڣֻͣһ··Ҳ֪Ż˵Ŀģͬһĵɴۡ 



ʮ 
                   

꣬Żһ˴Ÿճ·ãȻ֪ȥ·ھɽżһȺΧһһŮ 
ۼǲһϢȴǿϣõȥŮʹһ鶯裬ʽֻƵöԷ֪Ѷˣǲ·硣Żб·óȻ¡ 
ǻȻˣȴزˣŮս𣬴ȵٲ˿ݹˡ 
ֻáۡһȴŮӳ֣һһдСӴ󾪣˲еΧϣ복У˫۳˶ 
ŮӼеԽ 
ڴ󵶣ûӱģһԣֱųֻѹ˳еĺӣӲ⼸ 
㻹һ̴ӱġţһֵץһеӤҵʲôöǸõĺӡٵø߸߱ҪǺڵϡ 
ŻԼ־ӣ龰󾪣һֱԹ۲֣עôʱϣһǵͷ­סӤϵ˿ִ뻳УҪǰбӤӲսԾԱһôܡ 
ӤϺȥŮӣȴŮգкᣬһʹ÷ɿ죬ֻأȫǲҪĴ򷨣һּڽ¡ 
죬ӣ﷢ˡͷȻҲŵæתɱ 
ŮӼɢҲ׷嵽ԣϴޡ 
ŻߵŮߣѺӽŮӱӿ˿ףһεʪ١ 
λɩڰ˳㣬뵽Լһ֣ӱ㲻ˣھΣʵ֪ʲô԰æĵط 
ŮᣬԭǹĵӣǱֵÿ֮ˡǺӷϣӳڱһֻϻӣװ鱦óһϾ׹εǺӹǰллҵĺӣסˣƬB⺢ԺҪ鷳չˣЩ鱦Ҳ¡ 
ΪΪʲôŻе·һѾ֪Ҫôźãһôû 
ŮӲ⣬ֻ˵ţ벻Ҫϰ䣬ϣҵĺӺͨһ󡣲¼º˵ģԵɺѧ书ôţϵٺΪ֤֮ƼˣԽͳĶӡ 
Խһٮٮߣ棬ǽϳŮҲŮ 
ŻȻ¶ʲôֻ÷·йƵġ 
汧źȻһЦ˸ǸĵԺ󣬾Ҫ鷳ˡ 
ӣѾȥ 
Żּ죬ˤӹ˺ӣһţ֮ǰѾ˾綾ˡ 
ǣһ鱦ھɽҡ 
Ϊ·߼ĺӣԱΪ·Bֲ𿪳˾ 
Ϊʲôʱϴţ̫үŭĿԲɣھɽҵǵʬʱкڲ࣬佫̫ȺȴʼҲû⺢ӵϢԭǸȥ 
˵þͱĺһһ򵥴ͯ꣬Ҳþϰ䣬ұһֱʶֻ֡ǣʴӱ֪ںδˣ֮ 
̫֮үһȣʵ񣬾ʲô˽㽣 
·бŻһۣЦԭ֪ģȴװ֪һȫȻء 
үү⣬ԹԻش𣿡ŻͷĿСԽԽûأ治֪Լô̳˲òļһ 
·һתЦҲ֪ʲôˣǸ˵ܹżҵĶݣҪһ׽ҺúϰѧԺҪָһָŻ¶֮ɫ 
㡭Ż˱ӣСӰǲˡ 
ͻȻ߳˴ 
̫ү΢һüһԵѾߵȥʲô£ǰһ㡣 
ǡѾӦһߵűߣһֱ˽ 
Ѿ߾̫үߣ㲦ѷѰŮɱȣһӣ㺮ӭϣˡ 
Ҳ֪һһŲ˿գδ 
·֪Լŵˣһ֣ô֪ȻǱӹԼߣһ죬Ż䳤ЦѣҴ֮أ 
˶죬һҲ˱ܿĹƣһб䡣 
·ؽסЦѳֺö 
ЦһһأСײۡ 
·ӰθߣƥƣϢ˹ȥ 
һ֣߾ٹͷ£ֱǰѽʹ 
ס֣̫үһϺȡ 
ͬʱһ㶡 
һϸϸѽһ 
˴ǹڳǣŵȺȴһסĳ·߹Żж⣬һ㽫״Ӷͻ֪ںδ 
ˣȴȫӦ£̫үһϸϸס˳ 
Ű 
ϢӰ١ 
˱ЦˣȻһ·ɱţ࣬ȫްǱࡣ 
ϵңȻֲһ񣬡ҼȻˣҪ£һ 
үоһûĵ࣬ţкιɣ 
Żʧ๫ӣϸˣòףٲȻѹӣϿ͡ 
๫ǰˣֻѲˡλϴ˰ɣ̫үȱ๫ӽĺ񣬺鼱Ҫţ 
Ȼ𣬷Ǽɡջ֮үӡ 
үӵͷʵȺˣ 
֮ü´΢΢һ֣ 



ʮ  

ڣˣֱ콣֪̱ɱһ¡ 
Ȼ̲ɱģ㡣콣ܾó֮޹أҲóó֤С 
ɫ԰ףһҲһ㡣 
ѾʱˣôҲ˵һ仰òã콣ֱ޿κΣ룬ҪǾǶô죿 
仰˷Ӧɨһۣʵˣûѣǲǣ 
ҲΪ㱻ɱϢѹ콣һǲΪȻ޴ԼԸΪ 
ĵֲֻҽ˲Ż޴İ취 
ôǲǿ֪Ըĵ콣ûץסؼ⡣ 
ͷҧΣͻȻƶϽģ 
ԼҪġ콣ϳؿڣѩѪ 
Ŀãȴ콣޶ 
Ȼһ׼ˣ֪㲻Ҳɱ㣬ǲǣΪʲôȫҪ콣һץסͷΪޣһҪȥҲһ㡣 
˵ȷʵɱأſۿ΢ЦϴǣȻ𣿡 
콣Ц֪ɺڡ 
ĳѪڱѩĺ죬˾Ѫܶһ㡣 
ԭ㡣̾һ·ͻȻǵõϢʱѾճƽأ뾡취ȴʼҲǵ䡣 
˵Ѿȥˡ콣м£֪ʡ 
ûɱף 
֪֮Ƿʶ 
ͻȻò԰ףѾµ𣿡 
ֻ֪ңԶ޶δҹػԭʹʧȥϢ޺Ҿɣ뵽֣ҲͲµ߰˰ˡ 
ǣҼΣҲԼţҸ磬ȡ֣Ϊ 
ȴò 
ΪΪ״Ӧ뿪ΨһҪ¸硣 
˵ǺͽʵҪ±֪ǵɣ콣΢΢һЦҪһŮ׷ӣʵҪܴľĺ 
´ˣδҹڳ֮ǰδҹһ֮Եȴ֪δҹǺԣԶ޶֮ʱٰ㲻ԸδҹȴΪˣܣ֪Է˼δҹرԼֻԼȫް⣬Ҫɣּҵమһ˲Ż뿪 
ЦЦɫȴԽҰףδҹѰֻǼ֣ûоȥʱƤȴڻؼҵ;мǣδҹ˵ҺﳤúҪҺúôҲ֪˭ؼҺ˵£ʱ˼㱣Һȴ˵Ļǣ֪ˡҵҽĲȴôҲβãûãˡ 
콣֮̾һ֣˹裬㣬ޣȴӲⳡĥѡطԼ˵˻ҪĿڣȴֲ֪˵ʲôá 
ˮĶ֪˵ʲôһҵɷһҵĵܵܣѵһ᲻ǣס콣֣ȻݵĽɣһʼ㲻ҡΨһˣΨһԴֵˣΪ˱ǣԸһ 
˵ʲôĻˣҲۿġ콣ץסͷúûشңʱ㾿 
˭ɱѾҪ㲻׷ˡң뿪ţҪٻ 
Ϊʲô콣ʲôطԣ˵ 
Ϊȷ޺ͰİȫòˡվңһҪ뿪ԽԽãѾûжʱԵˡ 
ͻȻһذף콣󾪣ʹɱеˣǰҪذףһǽڡ 
εǽǸСѪעҲҪɱڸҪߵԭ˰ɣʱѾˡ 
ԭ˼㣿Ϊʲô㲻أƶϵ˼𣿡콣ֻһ飬ȫҲͷ 
ˣȥոյϢӦѾй¶ȥҪȥȰޣһޱ䣬ˡ 
콣ͻ۽һֵҴһߡ 
ûʱˣȥһѵһбҪ 

ͣûиŻ·һȥүӡ 
ƿƵķЦ磬أ·Ȼδ䣬ѿϼһѵƶЦ 
Ǻһְͣγ̽һһ𶯣Ȼɱ㡣 
ΪΪʲôͣ׵׷ʲô¡ 
վ΢Ц˼λͣų˵鷳ΪǼ£˲֣ˣҪίλʱﲻҪ߶ 
ͣ΢΢һЦȻˣú˵ǣŶǹô 
Ϊһ¶̽ɺãͣ˵Ҳһ˵˹ 
áͣȻǿŮԲԼСЦһ̽ 
ǿɲ֪׳ʲô£ƲĿ˿ڡ 
˶һۣûǸҪ 
ôȥһ˿бҪˡͣͻȻֱһɣƶϵˣҲʲô£һղδγһֱ֧̽вƵˡ 
ȴͻȻʧ١ 
ʧ٣Īıڵء 
һڱ 
ͣһֳ̽Ͻս 
һеĶ֣ƶϰҽķ㡣Ц߽ߣָŸոв֮ͣ˵ʺĴָһ޵ǰڣڣӰٷУ 
ƶͷһЦͻȻȵƣǵʲôǲҪúȱſϣ 
ͣһûԼץסŵӡ 
ƲȻһЦȻʧ֣ҲûԻţŵӣΪŶҲӦ¡ 
ƶۼֿס°Ͳҧƿкŵ裬ʵ⻰ʲô˼ʲôΪŶȻ£ 
°ͱס޷˵ֻǿŤһЦ 
֪б䣬ƶϷַѨһߣƵŴųˣԼСĵ㣬Ҫȥү￴ 
ƵͷҲãȥƴͳȥ 
磬ҸȥͣΩԼȴɣϽ 
ƶϵһЦתţȴֺĻ˫۽ƣ㡭ԼҪСһ㡣 
ҲģҸողų޹㣬ǧҪʧ΢Цţȵ۹⿴мΣƫͣĽպãҲεӦԤıˣֻ²׶Ը 


ʮ 
                   

 
ͣ߹ĻС 
ûˣҲûֲͬƽյļž⡣ 
磬ôһ·ˣͣʼģĪľãⰲŲɱ֮ 
Ƶ˵ҲҶҺ󷽣ˣ죬ܣ˽ȥ 
֪ͣʲôһҧͷһͣͻȻεضֱ˽ҷĻС 
ŵէٶַųڶ޼ɻʯɰ·ǵذա 
Цһһ飬һŵ輱˫ּһŰɵĴſ·ؾڣһа 
˾޵޵ 
һƫС޵ѵİ֡δ˵꣬мһͷϣʾ 
Ʋһգڻͷɢһأ΢ЦȻɱƴȡ֮ȴǵĴ£ 
кɫ໥һۣм˵㾿˭֪ǵļƻ 
һϵ޵Ƶ㲻Ѿ𣿹ǵİûȥɣ»õġ 
ƫӵҾ˵ɣȻİ֡ϲʤıϼȡ 
һֱû˵ͻȻĩСģҿթʮŴˣš 
͵һʡʮŴģǰ֣̫ˡ 
ƱЦŽ⿪޵һأԼվԶԶģǲұˣҪȥɱƴǿɲҪҵĴ¡ 
תߣȫȻŵӰʩ͵Ϯ 
˶ţò⡣ 
мӵΣȰѰȡɡ 
˵ҲǡƫӸոճҲõ࣬ջˡ 
˼ͷҲص뿪Ȼȷʵûٶ֣ĵǰԼİ 
͵ػȵͣ񣬷ɳˡͬʱе޵ٴſεĿ꣬ȴǶ׼ȥ 
еֳͣ룬˳˫ǧ˻λ·ͻȻδѾܵС 
ҪͣĹƣⱻ޵סҪܿ޵ĽɲСӵߡ 
޵ͻȻһգֻһ飬ѱƵѨ 
ܺãλڿԸƻ˰ɣ΢ЦţûǣûҪҧҲǰˣδøʱ 
ƫӺƵĵΪŶǰ 
˵Ϊǣˣǵļƻܲܳɹδ֪ܿܣʧˣǱŵͽҲñͣͣȥƴˣҪСһ㡣 
磬ԼҲҪСġͣŵһۣҡ 
Ѿ֣ȴȫ޶ 
ͣ²ţĪƴûھ 
𣬻ţڴ򿪡 
ôﻹذɡ 
죬ͣɻţϴѾˮ£Цʣƴôһ￴ޣ㻹𣿡 
ˮܳĽëȻһЦʮүûڣӵôոд򶷵·ӾԲŻԹôûòﲻҪϲźá 
ͣ΢һüЦƴûһΪءˣûʲô°ɣ 
ӺܺãġˮЦţҪȥ𣿡 
ͣûȥȻˣȥҲãһ̤˽ȥŶ£ǧҪСˣҪ 
ģûκ˿Ի뿪˵ءˮڶʱһҲĴ޷ıġ 
ͣȴѵдһţ֫һͣһ࣬ұߵ϶̽ѼˮµĲӡ 
ˮ¹òΪʲôûְɣͣ񲻸иĵѨСĴûвűĵˡ 
㷢ʲôˮǲ 
ͣЦٻʵ̫ˣҸողŷֵģҪֻǷֽ췿һ˿ҩζûŵ춼Ҫ޹ҩؽôˣȴûиҩǣһ֪鷢 
ˮҧס˴һ˫ֻ俴ųޡ 
Žʵˣˮ±ͣס΢ƴأƴȥˣˣ 
ƴû޵ӣҿǻչޱȽϺáͣüǸƴû¶ܣôƫƫȴˣ 
Ƴﱣޣȥƴе㵣 
ʲôõĵģͣȥ֣Ҫߣ磬ޣȥƴ 
ȥĻΣգȥˡƶǧСһ㣬ոҾͲµ鲻һԣһȻˣ˾ңҪɱƴδ˺ȡ֮ 
ˡˮͻȻ˿ڣΪδˣֻһӳճҪŽֻٶĻҵʹ˻һ 
Ҫңƶ΢ЦȻƴ䵱ţү˵һǣαңңδһλе¾֮ 
ˮ¿һۣ㲻ҵĻʱҲںʲôֻǣƴȷʵʺϵšŷãƶϡжƴǰƾսƺ٣ƹǮͨżµ档У˭ǿƴֻǳճò֮¡ 
Ȼһֵַۣ֮飬ӥ⣬ڣ̽Ϣڽнύ·ӢۡҲٸ֮ˣֻ̫ү谮ƴ˷ԣһҪ֮λ 
ȻԼ£Լǣαңֵ֮󣬽ҪճĴ鳤˭ţһ¶˭еΣ̾һ˽½£ΪʲôҪ½֪أ 
ˮ¼ͻȻΣҲ£¼ȻѾʼж;ûа·ֹĿˣܽΣǶֻܼȥ 
ƴû̲סһΣģεжȻԤıܻŹƴܵԸЩˡ 
ˮ¾ĵˣжһչһҪԸ˾ 
ˣô죿ͣ󾪣һץסƵ磬ҸһȥΣô޲ܡ 
ޣˮЦһȻһʼҪԸƴôΪ¼ĵĳޣ׷Ź 
һѿסʺҧͺʲô 


ʮ Χ 

һûôǱ 
һ֧˦ּȰһ޼Ҫϵн֮£ϴŸֽҩֻ»ȪҪһԩˡ 
˿ںʹһҲͣͣ£ֻ·һ 
׷ɱȻڲϿС 
ûлͷԷİַҲˣרʽõӣЩٶͨŵõĶҲŻҺжƴκΰõĶҩᳬյķΧˣ 
ҵƴͳޣȻ취뿪ţѾȫʧأһ˵Ի˵ġʧˣΪ콣֧һмˣȽ˳ 
ǰԶ֪ԼǷԳŵ 
ſԿﵹˣδѾԹˣƴһ֮˽ȥ 
ͬʱһ֧Ҳıġ 
ըѣ֧һһҼϮߣ·ˡ 
һͷԼﾲҵϢƴ 
һʹ֪ԼѾǰһ 
ǰ岽ĵط 
еһͻȻǰ·˲ֹͣԼѪ 
ܶҲκ 
ž綾˼ 
˵˼ã˼ϡ 
˼ģ˵óдóݵó˼ζ 
˼帽ǣѡ 
Ҫ 
ҲҪƴͳްȫ 
һ˫ųǰذӣЬһһС塣 
㲻ġİͻȻðġ 
һҩѾʲȥͷ·Ӳһ㣬⿪ʼή 
Һҩ軯һδʺȥգ̲סһ 
ܳͺáǸ·Цһְֻ°ͣ˿أһȥ 
ҩڱȥ 
ԼҪеͻȻһʿͻȻ͵ſۡǰվһӺһС 
оõ޵ѣƣͣ񡣡в豭ƿո˼ԲԣΪʲôŵҪɱ㣿ǲ֪ʲô֪ܣУ֪ҽΡ 
Ĭһ£ͻȻԣ˼ŵɱΪ̫£ҵҽȻñ޸ȴ 
Ƶͷô㿴޵ҸոոѹĶѾԡ 
ߵŵĴǰͻȻһ˭˭˼֮ 
˼΢΢ü 
ҿ˵ִ˳޵۲Ŵһˮ£ʵѵˮ¸˶ 
ˮ²԰һԡ 
˼˰ΣͻȻ̧ͷƵոո׷ɱҵŵӶѾ˰ɣ 
֪дһʣȻʵش𣺡ƶϽ޵˵ǿɵֵŰȻѱҪ˵ˡ 
ǾͺáվһѽƿҺ뿪š˵ţ׼ڱϡ 
䲻˾ٺ⣬ˣȻҲһŮô׾ͿԱģæǰһްɡ 
һ۵Ǽͺ콣һ޵ѣƶҲϽ޵㣬ˣ㣬ϣ԰Ҿޡ 
ҵĺѣңģҲкܴΣԣֻҪԾޣһΪ 
Ҹ㣬еĶԼƵ˼ҲԶ˼ҩ˼ʱջ۵Ķأˮôһϣ˼Ǹպúͽҩ໥ƣ˱ĶأһʱҵΪأֻҪˡļͷ߰ɣȥ֮֮ҲΨŸΪˡ 
֮ 
ΪҺö˶˵Ÿʲô΢΢һЦϣˣҪˮ˼֮Ҳʵڲô¾ءҲֻʣһ·ˡ 

콣뿪úŷԼ˸ٵġ 
ѾǸ٣ĿŵĴҪСˡ 
úܺЦ̲סЦûκõĶʵڲ֪Ⱥ˶ԼֵʲôҪ 
ʣ˵ƴΣƴȻѣôҲ̱򣬲˵ȥˡ 
ЦŻաŤν 
ѪһĽ𪾲ľɣȴԵصħ 
İУһĨѪģϢĵ˶ֵʺ 
콣 
էһȣȴ콣սعˡ 
˱ԶҪڽ£콣ս´ϲ˫һ̻ƿնͬǰİ빥콣 
̻𾹿ɺһڰ֮ǰ֮һаʧȥӰ˹ĪĲұһƬ 
նӳɭ޼ 
̻İи֣ܺ̽ϰ 
㿴ʱ綼ɫԼȻҲɫͬƤͷѪҺֻʣһɫѡ 
콣֪ʲôֻڽ⼸ʺʱȻ˽һһ£һ̣ϯ·Ҫûջ١ 
Űž綾 
콣һƬâԽ 
Ƭ̵ĹâѾմȾƮ䣬ʼ塭 
ѩҲƵһƥ׹նӲ̻նһʣǵ̻ҷˡ 
һֺֻס콣󣬳콣ˡ 
콣ϲĽе磬ôˣ΢СԹţոôͻȻңҲʧˡ 
ѩĵΣյ£㲻սҵĶ 
ûûɱˡοˣҪɱҲֲˡ콣Цһ磬Ŷ° 
Ѿ֪ˣȥүӡѩҵȥƴ޲С 
콣ô鷳ոѾ㣬ǳȥޣȴָҰҲѾȥˡ 
ãѩ΢һͷӦѾʵĲ˰ɣȰԹ˿޹ 
Ҳˣ˾·һҵξҪ콣лƻ֡һЦĵȻͬһ㣬Ȼб˶Ը㡣 
ѩ΢΢һ£ֻǵ콣İȫһˡ 
Ҫʹ繲ˡ콣ͻȻ¶𣬰ش̣һҲĴȵ 
ͻȻըѣڻȻ𣬻콣°ڡ 
ѩȣվٴγֻ֣ӲӵķֺХΧס 
ƽݱޣڱɫˣԭҲзҡ 
ƴ֮£ҥЦǳϤ 
ѩδͷ콣һƶϣ 


ʮ ƹ 

ƴŵϵӣԸ־綾оŵ̫ү񰮣Ϊš 
û˼ƴ֣Ҳû֪书ϸΣϰͬ˭Ҳֻ֣֪书̫үԴڵģ̫үı̶ֻ¸߲ȥ 
λųһѶݶо⣬κνس书սƺԵƾ٣ۻǣ۲Ÿ۹˷ߣǲƶϡ 
˵Ȳϵӥ׸졣 
ƴ֪ȡ֪ڸģȴ䱾ӲˣһԲѵӣþϡҩ 
ƴսǣүȴ˵ĲȫȻȥȻҪƴΪš 
ң⡣ 
жһϵ⣬鶼ңжѾ߻˺ܾãֻһĵ 
ֻһս 
̫ү֪Ѵ󣬺ܶ¶СȥԼ˾Ļ󣬴Ҫꡣ 
ԣ֮˵֮ĹϵԼױɱ֮ʱͳڳǶ÷۳޵ĲʱҲֻǺĻ˻֣Ѿߴ֮ȥƶϴ¡ 
Ǳ߶ŻȻѾ˴ţȥҲûʲô˼̫үС 
Ҳ飬ûиһ㻹һ˸𣿡·˫ۻأûĵһֻһûһĵڵذϴӡ 
ȫûǸθеĶŻ΢Ц 
                  ͷȷʵ˼ŵˣԺҲֲչˣԼҪذ 
·ЦˣüĿȴɭǳǳ˴ǣã㹻ݣôˣ㾹Ȼǿп޵һƷ˵˾ˣ˵ҪͲҪЦºͿףȴ˵㨡 
ûСŻҪֱ棬һ׾ԴǣҲ֪ô·Ͳźá 
·һ㲻Ҫ𣿻˵ʲô 
·ҲýĽͣŻ̾һ֮߳ȥ 
֮ͻǰһһ֧ͻȻӭæһСġͷһͣ˿ȥ 
Ѿԭ֮ǰһڻͬʱѾһСȣͻȻһȻֱ֮֮Ҳ֮Ӧ죬żʱһ 
Żǣ·񣬻̫ͻȻȻ֮һѣȻǴһ¡ 
һʱǳֻ̣֮գһ۶ѡ 
ȻѾ 
ϳȵĻѾƽţоõձ÷ʹ 
һһ֧˻ 
ôһ̣һֻĸо·ңԶ 
·üСӦôҪңֻ㻹û߳žˡ 
ŻȻţ֧ǰȼյģ·Ժ 
һѾ̽ȥˣֻ֧ӡ 
ҰһƬ۾նĵǰ·𿴼ʲô˼ĶӲţҶ 
˿̵ľȻ 
İ缱˽ 
·öɥŶŻȻԲæֳΪ񿪰һѽϵԼס޶ 
һְ֮ͻȻ㾲ͺһֻϢèڶͶ 
֮·񶼺ɵĿ̫үȴɫ࣬ŭʣʲô˸ڴ 
˭Ҳ뿪һΪû֪浽ľơ 
̫үǺεˣովȻаϮȴûһ˿ԼŭҲû˲ȡκжɴ˿ɼѾ˿ˡ 
һʵүӣ·ͻȻò²ߣ˼ˣֵܼԵƾүӷ䡣ڣүӺͼλڴڣҪĺãۣ˭˹ⲻȥ 
̫үһͻȻƽ·ûϴ΢Цԭǰ֧βĶ⴦΢ıзõƷɣɵúܺá 
лүӿ佱үӣǰԲĽ̻壬ǣΪĻҵҲܲ 
̫үԽʵǶţǲǣ 
үӣһֱǶ˼ֻȥˣԣҲǱ˼ұƵġ 
̫ү֪δУ˽ɱͬţ 
˵ҲأЦүӣ㰮裬ȴţΪôˣǿ׷˭𣿡 
̫үɫͺҡ 
ϻбҪ죬һʱܷᵽģүӣѰġ 
·ʲôһݣôܳô£ιҴ뿪ɣ仰ȴǶԶŻ˵ġ 
֮Ŀһ۶ŻǳճԵĲ֪Щʲôֱ㰴ͷһԶŻķӦ 
Żûܣ·Ƽܿ΢ŭʲô 
ֻķӦ㲻֣֮ͻȻһȣŻ 
һ˫㯵̧Żʵʲô£ 
ոʲôֱ֮ġ 
ŻЦһûʲôһЩǰ°ˡ 
Ϊ֧ǰⰵӡ̣ǣݻ𺣣֮ķӦ²š 
ܹϵˣ˵Ҳûʲô塣Ż̧ߣҸ뿪ˡ 
ݡһ֧ɵֱţ·ۼֿ콫ɵˣһŵӶţһſھ͵ 
Żüܲһﲻȥɣ 
·ߵΪʲôܣòΪһ˶ž˰ɣҸ㣬ⱲҸˣﶼһ 
ŻõĵҲϲ˸ţȻѾţŵˣҪչˡ 
˵ĺòã·һǣɫôչңչ㣿Ҫңֻ㲻֪ƭȥˣҲ֪ƭȥϹϰֵģ˵ôܷһ˵ܣ 
ŭĵŻô˵ҲĳҶչ˲ܣСʱҲûа㶪£ܳԹסʺô˵һ 
·δشǱߵ֮Ѿ͵Цˣ̫үȻķңҲ̲סݸ 
ʱһХէ𣬼ȡ 
̫үæȥ߿ 
֮վλþͿ̽ͷһۣӦһ֧̻ڣ䣬ֻɫʺڻң԰쿴رۡ 
̫үѵۣݲðˣ˵ҰϾ·ģ 



ʮ 
                  ̻ 

֧̻ϰյʱѾų޳˾ 
ͣȻ˿ڣ߶ʱǾúʹ̲ס΢΢̧ͷһº󱳵ˡ 
һ̧ͷ㿴֧̻ҲʱɫѾʼжˣ죬Ҫһ뿪 
ƽ·һģ֪أƶϣȥǰֻԼԼСģǳȵ۹⣬ƴһ־Ȼľ 
Ϊʲô 
ΪʲôҪܿŰ޵ԼһʼѾԤϵ 
ûʱ룬˽ŲʱѾˣ߰ 
ãһ׷˳ͣ 
뿪һ·ȥûпһȻûʲô谭ȫܣó˿ڱѣȫͣסǿ֧ 
ɣȻһҲûϣһ޵ءͣһֳųһһŵ޵ź 
һ𣬾޵ģ 
Ƶƶϸҵģ˵ܿа޵ȻҲûôȥһ֪˻ȥ޵鷳 
Ҳ֪̾һôΣҲʵûа취ȥƴˣֻรɡ 
ƶ˵ȥү￴ܲȫûİɣүӾ˵ƴӦòµġưο 
Ҳ֪Ϊõʤ޵İοΪضûоƴ£ǿһĨ΢ЦôˣҪѾûʱˡ 
ͣһ۳ޣǰɫðףҲ΢浣ܲܳȥ 
ƼĽŲͻȻһͣ̾һǳŲǸʱˡ 
ͨΨһĵ·Ҫ˿̣վŵӣȻ޵֣˵ȫΪף˵Ҫƽȥ 
ô죿ͣʳܸ֪뿪ǲǻб·߰ɣ 
ȻûеõشΪѾιȥˡ 

ƶҲͬһʱ俴֧̻ 
ڻǿʼжˡһѩ콣ͻȻһֵ޹ؽҪ˷ʱ䣬£ƻ˴£˸ȹȥ֧Ԯ 
վŵӣһ׿ʵҪĻҪģ 
жǱƲѶΪ֮ɶ޹֮¶֡ƶλүĹֻͣҪ˵رǣո㲻Ըʹù£˼˵ 
һ΢ƽ֮˵ʲôվߵһ䣬ʾҪ˵ʲô 
ƶϿ΢һüʱٶ˵ʲôҴҵסˣҪ뿪ˡ 
콣ƶ뿪ıӰݸһЦ磬ˣȥ֡ 
ѩñܵգһȥͺá 
£ң콣ЦȥŤסֱ۵磬㲻ðһΣգ㿴һҲ࣬ɰĵܵұ۸ 
һһͷųڣĵ˵ҸոһöĻǲǾûôˣ 
һɫװ׿ѥִƶԳҲ磬ƶһֱߣƢΪ˽⡣ƶϵĻ£̾һ뵽ƶȥʱ˵˼ˣ׷ʹùΡ 
ΪʲôôϲùҪֻ֪ǰƷѣѿƣˣ˲ΣͷáոԲ˵Σɣ㻹ôɡϵһ˺Ȱ 
ƶϣмһЦҾͲɱˣǺôҲǴηˣңҿɲõӣҺΣ 
콣һۣ۲΢ЦֻƴģԭƶҲһԷڣǣǵǴ˭أ 
㲻̫£Цһ֣޳ذ׵ָż֧ķڣٶĻҾƯɰúʮ޵ĽСһģ 
콣ȴͷѩ磬ҵúʮ޵ĽСһģ᲻ң 
ѩϤ̶ȣȻ֪ʲô̾һ콣Ӧʲô 
Цһ콣ҵȻģǿˡЦδ䣬ֱϽʺ 
û뵽Ԥ֣ЩһУͷʱŭһָڼ 
콣һ񣬵öͷһͣһöż㣬𣬴ʣöԽ·ɹҪͷӳȥ 
Ȼڴ˵أݵʹȥƤһ̽һԻ궾ɰӭ콣 
Ҫ뵽ƶϵķԸٴ 
£콣ôûáûӦѩ˿ڡ 
콣ڶɰһʱŵһ֪Ǿ綾˻ԭأվѩߵ磬ٲ㣬ûֿɿˡ 
ֻ뿴书ûнˡѩ˵ͻȻһ̽һѿסѨ͵ǰһƣԼ콣ˡ 
书ֻǱ˸ֲһɿѵɣͺһߣͷһһһŭ̶ 
һһ죡콣УжʱƶһһչĬĽӡ̡ 
ѩ콣ƺУһɻϬһһ켤õء 
磬콣̲סһ 
ĹҲѾ׷ѩһĳʢܽߣϾ 
ã콣һ֣֪ѩӦ£㲻پſ֣ܹһ͸Ƕͷ룬ߡ 
ȥʱ򣬼Ż·ȥǱߣѰǣҲˡѩ˵껰ȵȥ˫ɽϯȻȴܺѩӲƴ׷˱ܡ 

ƴҲ֧̻ 
¶ֵɫ΢ãĵѾʼж𣿡 
ӦȥޣӦȥԼң 
ȫûͷֻ֪ԼԭѾԤõشı䡣 
ʵգڻɫ̻Ʋ֪ΪΣĵһ޷˵ļȡ 



ʮ 
                  šƾ 

Ʊųޡͣ뱧ųǵ·ǰȴûа취óȥ 
ҲһֱֵĻм֮ûС 
ףҲͻȻ콣 
콣ͣϲü 
ƸҪ۽һɨŵӻɵ˹֪ͣĽæͣ޵콣ƷˣӣֻӲˡ콣޵ƶϸҵģԿа 
콣΢棺ƶϣƶϵ£ſ֪ĳ޺͹ͣһϢĳһʱҲ˲ƶˣʵô£ 
ˣ֮һʱҲ֮Ϊ޿­ȥ޾ˡƽ˽ų޵ְγͣһ̽ 
磬ҿǴȥġͣһַųһսǵĿǲǼŵӡȻŹˣŮԾӣڿǰơ 
콣ָһָһֱ쵽ĻԵ軨ԵڻҲ׼Ŀ꣬ȥ˵Ż·ǰæĻӦûðһ㡣 
áһͣͿˡ 

ǼŵΪͣ˻ɣԹ鿴 
Ӧûɣûж 
ڣҲˣȻʲô 
ģ˵Ǿ͹ˣ˵ôϻ 
ͻȻӰԺڰĽǼֻǰһ·ֻӬȥִԲʩŰ 
ˢһ찵ʧӰ 
콣ЦһãĿе޵ȻǺöƶƫۣȻֻСﲻҡ 
ǱͣƸһѾΧش֣κ˲óһ 
үĹͣö֡ᣬȴŲݿܵ 
ʮߣҲˣһѵǺֱɣ 
Ƽھȳޣȥ˭˭ͷǰ壬һŵûӵȷеָҶ 
Իˡ 
δ䣬õͲס֣ɫɫİȳеóģвģģûģóģ󲻳ġ 
ͣû˶һ˲䲼գһʱҲ˱ܣȻҲ޴ӱ 
ûиôİҪȽһ콣һ»ֽţ޵֪˭á 
ɾ˵һ䡣 
콣ȫţνֳ޵бɷֽ΢๣潣ߣһӰͶ֣İС 
޵ֻӵסһİƺͣǰ콣ȫȴѱ¶ڰ֮У˼ӡ 
콣һȣѩĵƥ㻮ѩʱϵӲ޵©ӵһ밵Ȧס콣ƽءݺᣬ࣬ȴȫý 
ȻһâȴϢ͸˵ѩСϡ 
ոռһһܲƵҵһжѡ΢ЦŵһһϬİڼҸ˴Уϰղ 
Цһͣǵâ˻ȥ 
ѩȻףȴԶվһӣ£Ҳݣ֮·ʢͻȻһڱ÷ÿһë׶͸ 
һ۰ϸĹâ꿪ڴ󻨶ĵҶ۵ʪܵģϳһֲ̬ǹʻ˲䡣ѩ׵ⶼȻβ̴ˮ飬˿סڼͷϵڷôһվվ˱һ 
ǿ·ǲɶΣˣ㲻ò֣òѡ 
콣Īŭѻ˵⣬ʵʲôˣ 
ǳһЦƾƾ 
ƴ̫үյţƶŵη֮绢ƺǶս书֮ߣһп˵ܱȣ˶ƾ֡ 
Ϊƾֻ̫Ե̫öѡ 
ԵãȻһ鶼ãҲԲΪĴΪôã˭Ϊ̫ãԲű˵ѵİɣһͶ޴˵ 
콣һԶĴٿһãô죿 
ûа취ˣֻӲٲͳȥ֮ˡüȷ·ڴ˴ĶҲǳ 
˵ģƭң콣ֽ޵յõİһҧҪô޹ȥ 
ǣͣƿһã֮ɫ֡ 
ͣ΢΢һЦ磬ңк콣ģԲԣ콣 
콣ոȫѩȲûɸӣּƾ¶ôһ֣ƾһأԱѣαͣ˵֪ƷģǿЦЦȴ˵ 
Ŵ˴ңԤıжˡѩͻȻڶƾƴ֮λҲûбҪôνɣŵĵ̣˶ڣһҪֵ⼸СҲǰ첻öٵ 
ƾ΢΢һЦǸϲƽˣոջܵáɾȥҲΪ˾Ǳߵĸ˶ѡһ˵Ȼĸúһ㡣 
㡭콣ŭ񽣱Ҫǰѩסƾôô 
Һƴûʲô˽˶Թ֮λҲ֮ģԣ뿴йɱˡƴһֻ֣˸ơ 
ʮߣ˹ĿŵýģɷŻɽ 
ǲǻֻ޹·ˡƾʮŵӣѵҪϾɱǳǰѳһˡбǳЦȻõ𣿡 
һҪʮ˵ 
ȷǹȥƾûҪͽΪС˫üһͺȵʲôˣһֻһ֧ڣͬʱһ֧ڵࡣ 
Ҳ㣬Ҳƻǵļƻƾ΢΢һ㾪ڡ 
ʮ磬ôڲֻʮˡ 
ƺĵ㲻Щ˷ʱ䡣 
̾һƾʮ磬ȥɣﷴְš 
˭ܷţȴܷš 
Ϊʲôƾ˳ü΢Ưķбб𣬡ѵʮλ 
һƺղƷƾȻֻǶ̶һ˲ѩڻ´Χ֮ˣһһö׻𵯡 
ʮ磬𡭡ƾԷѹסȡ 



ʮ ʶɸ 

ƺϵһеһ֣岮Ҳ¡ 
Լİǳţ˵Ը 
ԣ׻𵯳ֵ˲䣬֪Ⱥˣٶ࿴һ۵תƾʮߣ㻹ŲأҲǸ߹㣬һô㲻ǣ뷴ˣ 
᲻㣿ʱ򷴻ڣƾ΢΢һĨǳЦֻǲ뿴˼޹ˡ 
ƺһ׷⣬һѽᱧ˰ɣϢһ¡ƾȾէ¶֮ɫĿȻ촽΢һ仰δڣȴһ죺 
飡 
ƺһͷʲô£ȵͷƾʮߣû°ɣ 
ҡһҡͷƾʮˡ 
ü΢ޣƺתȻƶվԭӦżʬĵطǼӦñʬȴѾ֪ȥ 
ʮţʲô˼ƺ 
ƶϵȻصʮ磬ְ֪ڡ 
΢˲ƶϵ˼ۼ޹֮ǰ 
֪Լְ𣬱ȫʮѹһңƺȴôķ˿ʲôסˣͷȴƾķʮ磬ҾúۣϢ 
ƺ˫Ŀת紺峿ۺ͸ˮ飬ʲôƵģӦãʹȥҲǣԼ岻ãͱˡ 
ƶϾĬһ£ͻȻʮ磬㵽ΪʲôҪεж֪ܳɹ㶼ܡ 
ˣԼ£ò졣ƺɨһ۵㲻ȥץʮأ 
Ϳ쵽ˡƶϵõӵ¾ʹģġ 
ʮүֵ̳ˣɱˣСĳ©Ầ޷ʰƺһۻеƾʮ߻ȥܿͻϹ 
ˣƾͻȻڵλ޳̹ӣҸոտɫӡ÷ڣ۽Ǵ࣬ͷֻ࣬»ˡ 
ƶ϶ͷߵ΢һ£лιһĨӵɫʮ߸岻ãȻȥϢŰɣš 
ҲáƺƾɫԽҰˣͿͰˣУҰѶսúͰõĵӶǰɡ̫ү֮λʮ꣬ûһġ 
æŵʮȥɣڣ˴µġ 
Ǿͽˡƺͷһ࣬Ӱ˴붷սõţȣҵ¾ 
˲֪ԺδվӦ 
ƶϿƺ뿪ıӰû֪ʲô 

˫վڴǰƴ΢ۣϸÿһˡ 
жĵӶˣȴֻһһƶϣƺƾȥûٳֹϵٸûӥ쵹Ƕ˵ԹΪ 
ʮţʲôƻûУƶϣԼơ 
ֻ֪Ϊʲô绹ûƶϿһۣ΢΢¶һЦݣʮ磬һҪӦ֮ǰͺ˰ɣ 
һƴȻҪүӵڳʮ֮λ 
ܺãȻأƶ϶˭óΪţ 
Ե̬֮ȴݣĻش 
һͷƶվһߣ˵ 
һۣүӣʮϣڳжõ⣬˶ˣܸʮȷʵǲ˰ɣ 
һģ԰Źøá̫ү˳Ȼ˿Ϊ 
һƴһƣ̤һүӣܲܰŹøã 
̫үŭˣŵӣŵŹ棬㲻ú 
үӣǾңѾȻˣҲں෸һˡֻǿʮҲܲء 
ɱҲûáȻ̫үı飬ҲóѾ󵽼㣺Ҳһ·ԹԷ˰ҿôᷢ䡣 
ЦһʮţүӽҴᷢء 
ģ㲻ظƶϵĵүӣҲʮһλ 
ϣ̫үһȣֻĤĲүˣһû˲ 
үӣǴѾɹʶˣϻǲҪһ˰ɡ΢΢ָ֣һöֻ̫үһܾҪźš 
ﾲĬһ̣Ȼ̫үأ 
ʮʮȥϢˡ 
أ 
еµˣһڵӾڴˣɼ֮ġ 
ǣѡΡͤأ 
ӥվһүӣڴˡ 
Ҳϵүӣڴˡ 
ҲүӣƳүʮȷʵʺϵŴΣǲò·ϣүӲҪֵܡ 
үӣͤĸλֵܶ޲޵£֮λ֮⣬үΪջس 
ǿ֪ҵʵᡭ 
̫үһ仰û˵ַ꣬ 
ø̳ѵһ֣°ֱϮ 
˲ɣѴ󾪺ǳ⡣ 
ѶҪ͸ɵףҪ͵űðɡҪţʰϣǲǱ֮ȣµҲͬУ֪֮Ƴﻢ 
μƲһڣεض𣬸߸վңûҵķԸһɲó֡ 
䲻ƴΪţҪȻΧ̫үʵҵȴ˭Ҳң¸ٻסӡȻĵӣõڣֻõһɭϣƶϿڣҳ֡ 
ǱߴڼɧҲ壬ȴ˻ȥ 
ѺۣһһƬɰɨƴȵȥˣ·һɡ 
ʲôֱǺƶ޵ƣû취İֻһƴƿȴѱɰմһ㡣 
ƴãƶǷбɰϣᵽƶϼ϶ɰζʮţжˣҸϽҩ 
ˡƶϴһʮ磬Ҳɱ 
΢һɣƶϷֽƴһƵߣ𣿡 
ƶôһɱƴӽ˴ôŭʮţʲô˼ 
ϾһҲۿƶϸеͷʼ 
ȻֻСӡ´΢΢һ֣ͻȻʵ֧һ֧үӣ 
ƶüͷʹҲ˵ֻõͳܿܣûѡء" 



ʮһ 


ƴһ̣֮޷ڼƴճɵϣֽ룬էȻ룬ˢһȥ 
Һƴãȴһʱͷܿ 
Сס֣ƴˡ콣̤һһбãƴʱİЦˣҪ­ȥȥɣǶԽԽæ 
­ȥƴһٳɲҰףʵ̫Σˣݲ˿ڵƵģܻܿӲһزסǻӣô죿 
һʱڿ­ȥҲһġڷٰ׼Ѭ룬ҲԾֻ̧ͷһۣ㲻ٿ 
ƴ촽ţΣʵˣ 
ˮһ˼ָ֮һָһ磬콣ҰϹסҪ֪һǰҲܵŵġ 
ã콣ˬһͷѩһߵȥ̧硣 
֮һƴٿһ۳Сʵɷ򣿡 
ǡޱĳƴҲæɡ 
ƿһػصӰٿһ콣ȥС˵Ʒǲ֪ƴ޵ˣ 
ɷбˣӵ᲻֪콣һֻ̾Щ䣬ʵ㵣𣿡 
ҪҡͷͻȻһ£Ҳģҡһֱŵ޵ҳһƬ 
ͻȻһӣȻƴɥ˳ʪ£ɢҡ 
ȻԤϵ޵Ҳòס˵ϡ 
콣ͣͬʱȥһһץסʵˣˣ 
ҡҡƴɫǻҰܡ 
˵ͣ񼱵Ҫš 
ƴһƽһڵҼ֪һʱ㷢ҲòסǣǰҸϳˣҰ¡ 
ЦԷǵĵһۣ콣̲ס㻹ûð 
ƼɫΪˣôһ˵ŷԼı亹Թ㲻Ҫ˺òãҲȥһˡȥ޵ 
̫үͻȻʵ˭ģ 
ʲôƴһ£ԡ 
޵˭ģ̫үɫϾĿ 
ƿ޵뵽ƶȥʱһ֪ģһʱᡣ 
ǲƶϣ̫үٴʵ 
ͷǣƶϡҧ˻ȥ͵һͷ޵ȷʵҺܴæ 
ǵȻ̫үʮƶģרհΪҪ꺮˷ѩɽ˿֯ɣѰֻһղأԶԸϷĵá 
ֻһסƶϾȻ׾͸ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ㣬̫үû˵꣬ͻȻ绮룬յ΢ĴһƬ 
Сģ׻𵯣̫үһȣֱۼ죬ץ˵СѾŵع 
ƺ콣ö׻䵽ͣߣͬʱ뽫ͣȴƫײһ 
ȻУ׻ըѿ죬˼ž޴ıըϮ콣ֻüֻסţѾֱһʹ 
 
ѩ 
ѩһ󣬺ᵶǰƣһӭ˻𵯡 
ΣֻҪڣ;콣ܵ˿˺ 
콣ΪģΪ˱ϵģ֪ 
ܸоõ֫˺ѵʹס˺콣 
磡콣һѱסû°ɣˣѪˡ޴Ŀϵ˿ڣͺָȥһ㡣 
˵ѩ뻳еİɣû¡ 
תѱը䣬ƴǰһҲƿ 
үӣɡ˽ 
̫үͻȻɫ˻٣ǰ٣ 
үӣڣΪôҶ׻𵯱·Цַ·΢ᡣ 
ҧһҧ̫үͦ߳˴ 
үӣΣգƺ콣һһҸ˳ȥ 
ֻһˮվһڵǰ಼һ˫ۻɨˡ 
֪˱ضǷ٣۹ôһɨ˵ıԹŭ·뷢йȴҲڡ 
΢΢һϽ۹һתߵƶϣԼʹ 
үӣһЦĵ֮УѾõĵӶˡ 
ȷʵһʱζմȨ̫ү̾ŸһƳٻʵͰأİţ 
ܼ򵥣ֹֻ֪ͨһͬŻ𲢣˾˶ȰʱȻֻµӴطϢôҲûأĻáЦתۿ׼ˣ 
һжķԸСͣһģֵϲΪȳ޶­ȥүӣ˵ǲǣ 
һ̫үŵһɭϣδ˴ξҾң°ҿԼ̡ 
һۣѵүӣֻҪϳƴ֮λӸԸ 
̫үԥ΢һͷһĨɫ 
һ̧һ֧ƿնֱָ֮ء 
ɲǼ䣬һѵصŵͬʱų˰ 
ʲô̫үһץϵ޵˹ȥ 
޵Χޣ󲿷ں޷ȻУ׷׵ء 
㡭Ѵŭ̽¹ƤбҪƴ 
Ȼ߼ͷͻȻסͷƳһһЮס˵ͤһָѨһƽڵء 
úá΢Цүӣ㿴Ϊ졣 
̫ү˵ 
ƶͻȻڵүӣοΪŲð֮ģôˣò𣿡 
̫үشѿڵϻʲôǲֱӹȥˡӼ˦ֱһ֧ 
ıǲ߻ʱˣĻһ㣬ָ֮׷׶ 
ƴ󾪣ǳڷ޵һбҪ»죬죬бԼ޵ոֱ̫үȥհۿİӭԼҲ㡣 
һҲ˲ðˣֺὣսƱգƴͬھ 
һӰӹһѳ͵ع˰ 
ãȻԼĽʲôȴϸ룬ֻײڵʹ 
ǶűǣغϣŬɴҲ˭ 
ȻһʪǼŵһŨصеˡֽѹԼƿȴʹ 
һԼˣȴƶϣһѪۣȻѱ. 



ʮ  

ƴڵأѾʹüιȥȴҧ´ϷƶϣҳһƬֱĿڵʮţΪʲô 
٣ķӣ÷ 
û˼ٵòһһֱɴ̫үҲ˵ȱݣκŵӲĶͼ̽ɴµ 
̤ŵһ죬ʮգķƳµ˽ӣĸƳµһš 
Ƴȥ 
һܳʮǰֺһԪ˧Ӫ𣬾սɳһ˻ƳҲ֮һܴ˴죬Ϥˣٳۡ 
Ǹǳвܵˣԣڶʮʱ򣬱㵱˷ȻҲ̫үһ֮ 
ԣٳ֣ٲȻһɵʱ֪Īȡ 
һӼͷб£ƶֱ۶εˣȻʹüȥٵĻǿӵվĹͣˣ޷ҽ 
Σ俴ʮţ֪ұͶŲģΣԸɱұ𣿡 
ƶϻȻ̧ͷһƬ𾪡 
ͻȻϸϸƶϣҪɱңɱˣҾ֡ 
عͷĵϣϿãһƬҲ֪ʲôѪ֪ϱӿѪ 
ɱңɱҰɡͷͻȻһץֱߵĽݸƶϡ 
սָ̫ףҧסĴɫһ㣬׵룬۵ϸֻ̫ӳصС 
콣󾪣ŭСǸʲôҪԼҲվ 
ҡҡͷû֪ʲô 
ƶϿܾã͵һת磬ʵڲұˣҲɱȹһ 
ֻǰ̧ͷһְȻ̬ 
ƶϷ£ӹƵĽʹΪҰ˿ڣ𣿡 
硭̤һ˵ʲôֻסĻĿŴͻȻֳֵӡ 
˵ȻǶŻ· 
·뷨ֻҪ˶ŻȫȥǣŻһҪڣ߲˵Ҫ̫үѹң·Σѳֹ߽޵ԲΣգֻøϡ 
İһʱ޷ͻ˵Ľ콣ֻΪƶϰ˿ڣһ㣬սţ˿⡣ 
۹һɨͻȻһҹ 
õۣУƺƾһȥ飬ƶ϶ϱֻۣ٣ȻԴ˶˺Ϊ׼˴룬ѻԣָͶ٣οµӶƴĻ̫үڴˣҲס 
ͷ·Ҳ˲öŻĿˣһץס˻شȵ㵽ҪҪ뿪 
Żӳ֣֮ŭҲߣҪԼ߰ɡ 
ܺá·ɫ΢䣬ͻȻ΢׾һ磬ŻһãǣͷһΣõ·ֱ 
ĽֱȦ·񸩵ͷ϶Ż΢Ĵһ¶˶ħ΢ЦҿԺ󻹸Ҹߵͷ 
嵲ǰҲ뿪ƴ૵ҵ½ˣȻֻ񣿡 
·һЦĴѰ·˻û֮ǰȥԱΧס·ߡ 
֧콣̫үѩİҲ˻˴ 
ӾѾܿƵסˡ̫үɫҰܣҴĴҲðٵ𡭡 
үӣڿϳԼĴ𣿡ٵӰűߡ 
٣ҪϾɱ̫ү侲Ŀ·жԲߡ 
һЦүӣһģһֱ¶ֻү̵ȥʧ˵ǲǣ 
ȴȵòͷЦɱ˳ޡ 
콣һ̽ƴߣͣҲ˹˫ѳ˫˸ЦιǸʲôʲôģɱɱƴܵ𣿲Źֻ֣ǹôˣ 
ŵλߣݵŭһ߳ȣֻƽֳʾηͣ 
öôӣõü̲ˡ֪ͣĺᵶȥ񣬲뱻ӷʱķһʣ̵ֶַɳҪܵÿ죬Ҳɼˡ 
ǾֻδߣжһȦɱ 
ͣõҲܲס˵ֽˣֻýŵĨʹ 
ǷͻȻֳ·һǰһл 
һ콣ֻԼַıԵơ 
콣һб֮ǰѩϹŵӣѩԸСƽݱޡİ« 
ȴĹѰӿɼ 
һûȫ֣һѪɫܿ㱻ֵֻĽâû콣һȣЩҲ֡ 
һ֣ȻҲţ԰طԽԽ׷ӣֽŶв㣬Լˣο̫үﻹר°޵ 
󣬴ʼնûһ 
ƴһӦһߵ¾ŵǣ½ⶾ 
·ӽܿʱϮİϱѾԵĶŻж㣬һʱЩ 
շ֪Լźˣź޸ԣԭż£Ҷ˼˶ŻɾӦ 
̫үһ߻Ӷ޵հһߵѩĩǽϹҵǾХͼлأаֱͨɽסǣ뿪𣿡 
ѩ֪Ȼй£һֱһ²үӣҿƴһλ޾֮⣬ 
Ϊڵ£Ǿͻ𣿡̫ү̾һҿ˰٣ʶ˲塣 
үӣϾţҲҰġѩһ߸񿪰һ߰ο 
ЦЦ̫ү˽Ⱑû˽Ⱒٵġ 
ѩﰵѵ˽ƴˣ 
·֪뷨̫үһۣͻȻȥ޵ӳͬԼ壬һеķסƽİ 
ѩ룬һץ˵ܵܣһץƴβǷǰִһǻ 
ѵƭˣ 
ͷһգͬץŵһȥ 


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                  ص 

ذͻȻ߻¶һڣվڶϷѩһץ콣һץƴôȥ 
ĵԶҪѩӦ죬ºҽŽżŽűһ㣬£ܿ˻ˤˡ 
һأƴ 
صүӽҴ뿪ѩȻŶڣ֪ŵĻصּˣĴʯڡ 
ƴһͷĶڣĹͣʲô⣬Ҳʵźաλ뿪ɣˡԶˡ 
û˵꣬һ̧һǰ˵ļ⹳϶ڣƴһ˶ڡ 
ѩҪ׷ֲĵܵܣתͷһۣ콣΢΢һЦ磬㾡ȥɣŵص 
ص콣̧ôһЦȴãڵĵص״ǧ١ 
ѩͷȴָָֻ״ʹԼģ콣ǧ´һˣΣһ 
֪콣ְγ˳ⴹأһ㰵⻬£Ѫ 
ûŴǰ콣һµģ磬ȥɡ콣˫ᶨĿҲһģǲǣ 
һѩһͷӰεضȥƽߵʱٿؾ򶴿֮⣬ֻ۲ʲôһ˳ȥ 
ͻȻս·ʲôѩҲ룬ڣȴסģһֻš 
ֻһŵӵʬ塣 
ѩȻصƴ뿪ٵ̶ʱ䣬ȻϵļսȴȻ 
Ȼ޶ǰȻƴ粽ãǰѾʬ壬֣ۿΧסһǵһȺӣȴû˭óȻǰ 
һֱֻ֣ԾۣɫĮȻ·˭˭Ĺϵ󣬶ѩԵصͻȻð·𿴼ʲôȤ£һĨʣѩ뿪ڸϵƿΣ̫үʱսõӣصĶڡ 
ѱΧֻʣڣصһƾ̫үˣʱԿôŵӣϾ֧ʱ 
·ŸԵĶŻмЩûע⵽ѩ뿪ͻȴٵһ£æлͷһۣȻһͷѿһ󶴣ŶŻһȺŵ֮ǰ˶ڡ 
콣ͷѩ׹䣬Բѩˢһȥ 
·ڰգֱŶŻ޿ܣۿһҪжŻ 
·ͶŻĽ룬ԭֻǽ趴ڵһ߹Ҳ˵ס 
ڰУѪɽ 
·غ͵һ֪öŻȥֻԼҲ벻ˣԻһֻƿӷڶŻ¸ᡣ 
콣˽ȴакӽüöŵصڰҲ鲻׼ͷбһԵʯϡ 
Ż˽ҩתְŶͷһͷʹ־мʪճճģʮֲ㽫ִսǰϸ 
һ֧صէ˲䣬ŵѿ콣վ֮أ׷׷콣͵عٴڰС 
ŻͻȻںڰпһ߹ǰָϾȾŨѪҺ࣬Ͻֺһ£ˣˡ 
һûܹˣҪ˵֮ʱǵл·жҲǺˣէһѪ㾪 
һ˫ְѹסͷ·ڶϢůůģ֪ΪΣмְοİɣûˣҵѪ 
ԼȻʹŻģתһ룬һѾ·½ŭ㾹ҩңҺôʦ㵹ãһлûҲͰˣҩСӡ 
ʦ·͵һЦʦ̹ʲô 
ŻεɦɦͷܹңȥҲҪ书ġ 
أɲʦˡ·һбУԼʱҶ໹ܹࣿǫ̃ʼûҲСʱʲô¶ֲ˵ŻļƭģûСʱͷΪķ 
㿴ڻǳָ׳ûˡŻú˵תҪˣ㲻 
̤һʮö޼ҿӦ죬ʱ·һϻغڰУ㲻Ҫˣŵĵӡ 
Żһ£СþˣԼһȭ 
·վţȭ϶˽ľ룬·Ҫܣȵ÷ſУ·ͻȻȥȻֻôһĿռ䣬Żȭȴգһ̧ȣݺһŲȥ 
һµǴ·ϣֺȵôʹȴǲϷ֣˫۽סŻʵĺң 
Żһ£ʱ˵Լ·ˣϾԼһִĺӣʮĸ飬ܻ᣿ 
ôҶ·ʣʼɬ 
ȻǣŻӺζ뷨ֻǰͻڶѣ 
ľã뿪һȽϺ𣿡·񼸺Ѿſˡ 
Ż´ϧ·ֻǸʮĺӣƽôӣôվǴģͻȻҪ뿪ദôõˣȻѹ 
ĵķ§ס·񣺡ʦҿһƬΪá 
ôһ˵ԼǸʦԺͲٳԵ·ĺգҲһɣ 
ʦңڴˣѲģ·ͷ֪Լı飬¶ЦݣȴԽԹ 
ףŻͽڿϽԼһʦˣҲûŽ̲ĵ·˹ɿɰƵĵʦ㣬ƽߣͲΣˡ 
·ЩûȥͶŻһڹͨ⣬ԭΪԼдڷ֣ǶŻ˼άϽġ 
װ˰ĿŻҪţȻ̸ȥˣҲװŻ΢΢Լ磬ʵʦ㲻ҲΣ𣿡 
ʲôŻ׵ 
·ааһЦ׼ȷĴݺҧһڣСװʦܾǰҾ֪һֱΣС 
áʹŻһͻȻû 
·üͷպһ֧˽ȴŻɫ԰ף˫Ŀգŵ˹ȥ 
֡֡ˡ· 
ϣ콣ӽΪûĵͷ㲻ҪŷʦҲæòãҸղѾȹܶˣлûС 



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·һַŶŻһָָԼϱ콣˵ĺۼ΢ЦǰӦøл㻮ҵԲԣ 
콣еǸεĵԲΪ㡭 
ˣϻͲ˵ˣţȥǰ̽̽··ģ̲סʵ㲻ҶһԼ𣿡 
콣΢΢һЦҪ߱ߺˣһһֱȴ 
·СֵҲϣƽµĻ¶ŻƫƧĽ£ҪܵһԻҶΪֹ 
콣ɫŹָӵĿһصĺڰУ·ǱŲ֪Σգʱ׼Ѱʳ 
·ֻ߳ͷЦʣʱչģǲǣ 
ȥɡ콣Ѿὣ˻ԲѵĶŻߡ 

ƴһֱۡ 
ãۺʹ 
Ҳû˼ĳ֣Ϊȥ̫үᰲ˱ҪԼ֡ 
ˡ 
ûܿһڣΪƴеĲֻȱԵеľѡ 
ҪһǣȫǶ 
̶۶ˮҩɽľ綾 
ѩ̫үƴߣֵֿ˵ѹʽơ 
ٵĿڵأ 
硭϶ʱɫ 
Ҳϡٵͳȴ˵ѹ 
ҧҧ磬֪ˣһ˼ͻȻƣõӣ׼ 
ڻսеõӷ׷˿Դӻһش۵Ͳ׼ŵӰΧȦеƴˡ 
ƴԿͬѰζ׼ҵĻҩСġ 
ԭûбĿġЦЦ׼ҵĻҩö෽оѾƳɻһԲڣ˿⡣ 
Ȼƴ̾һһģˮɳ 
˫΢΢۹ˣͻȻ䣡 
õͬʱ˺׵ĻɫС֮ը 
һˮƮ˹մʪ˶ˮһ㡣 
ҩˮʪԡ 
ƴ΢Цүһֱ֪µİԽӦ֮ߣ⣬жõӵȥȫ⡣ 
ƴǰ֪ʱվһжõĵӣиִһֻͲȻոյǴӴ˶ǣҲǳ۵ʱ˽ 
һõӶԿõӣԷ㣬ȴֻء 
ͻȻһ̾Ϣᣬƴȴǳ 
ΪʲôΪʲô̾Ϣѵ 
뷨Ҳ޷侲ת硣 
ѩۼֿס㲻ܽȥŵǡ 
ҡ̲סˡƴĶ£˫ֱͷ˵һʱڲܿ­ȥ޾ͻأѾ˺üʱˣΪʲôǻû 
ϵȵ̴ľӣ˿Űٻٲݡ 
ƴֻһ֣ͿԳ翴Σȴܡ 
ǰͭǽɣôйڣκһĶпܻӰ쵽ڽе 
ԣ̵ֻ̣޷̵ʱ򣬶üȥȻẦһɥʧ 
Ȼ۹תһֱԹۣƴʧأǳЦһһöͻȻͻذΧ˶ʱֱƴġ 
ѩֻǰһȫȻ֪˺¡ 
ۿ֧ھҪƴ 
ͻȻ 
Ȼأƴ΢΢һᣬ֧ھʹ˻ 
֮ƴǰ΢Ц󹦸ɣ 
ƴϲתͷڣֻͷײĳޣһʱҪΪΡ 
ޡ̤һ˵ЩʲôȴˣȥΣȴҲǵӰֻβʵʹǰ 
̾һҲ֪ʲôζȻƴԼɷ͵ܵһ֮Ҳ׸ףҸǸΪΪݶ 
ſ֣ڳޱһѣޣҲϣԶõҸԸѡĵ· 
㣬ҶԲ㡣޵ͲţոѹҪ֮Լעڣ޷µ߰벽 
ƴţ֪òֻԼ֮£ʧʹСķס˳ޡ 
֮שѣȻŬĿסԼ 
ɱˡ 
ƴȻϲڳ޵ѣĿǰľƣȴü๫ӣȿ·Ƚص˵жõһˮϺ󡣡 
֮书ȸߣ˴ϹҲʣΨѩֻڸտʼ콣ʱ׻˼Ƥ⣬·ŵӴֹ 
мһ̫ү޵ֵӦǡ 
жõִͲƶĶˮһˮϺ˲֪ƴԶԵоһˣ˭Ҳð档 

Բ𣬶Բ𡭡һ߸ƶϰ˿һ߲ͣĵǸ 
ƶϴӻһֻֽ 
ȥ𣿡СĵĴֽһɫĩ㲻 
ǣҸո˰ĶɰҪǹⰤһѶѪֻѾˡǶɰĽҩ鷳ҷȥƶϼ˿ɢҵڼϣϵҷȴѪ߰ߣæ֡ 
һԵİѷĩ˿ڣϱ۴Ѫעһ¾Ͱѷĩ忪ˡ 
ѪͣӿֹҲֹסҧᣬæңʼ޷ֹסѪȫڲȴŬŲƶϿ 
ô죿ѪҲֹסôźãżĵǸѪģ˿ڣˮۿҡҡ׹ 
ƶҧҧǿһھͷģҲµģȷҵѨֹѪ 
áưԼ̫һžʲô֪ˡ 
ŬԼɿĵϱ۸ļѨѪȻֹסǰֽһĩȥ°ڣ˺һСĵĹס˿ڡ 
ƶһֱҧ֣ʹòҰףȴһ 
ư˿ں˸ᣬᣬڻ̲סĵ 
ᣬƶҲ֪οֻһһĵޣҲʹģҲûʲô£ˡ 
Խ˵Խ꣬ҶԲ㣬ҵĴ㵱ʱΪʲôɱңǸ٣ɱΪʲôҪ˵Ҿȹ㣿о㣬ֻǺѡ 
꣬Ҫޣǿһ㣬ǻкܶҪƶϴҲûοˣ޵ģ֪Ҫοźá 
ôһ˵Σͣ񡭡 
̼ͣ񡭡 
ʲô£ͣ񱧱վһԿ˵磬òǿ˰㻹иҰɣ 



ʮ 
                   

Ʊôһ˵ҲӲϻ۽ǻ飬ίаֵӣ 
ȣƶϿڴԲȻû±ãλĹͣȴ⵱ǡңʵҾ÷ǳǸΪλܵʲôҪ˺ҿλǳô˿ˣ뿪Ƿ֮صĺá 
뿪 
ͣ΢һüбۿ磬Ȼ̺Ĵ̲סһЦ 
Ҳ뿪ġȭͷ𣺡ҵѻδҶ뿪Ҳߵġ 
ƶһĨɫģһᱣ֤ƽµġ 
Ȼ㶼ܱ֤ǵƽˣΪʲôҪ뿪ҧҧڻǺܲԸ˵οοΪˣҲܶһߡ 
Ҫ߶ƶתۿð춼ûʲôˣ֪浽׷ʲô£ڽֵľУ 
ٿһƹִ֪˵ʲôƹԹͻȻһָסؿڼѨ 
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ƶ΢΢һЦİɣƾǵ㱾£⿪ƶѨǸܵ¡ 
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һصʬ⣬ûһˣҪѡʲô 
˶ȥ 
̤һصʬ壬صһŵӵڵصڣʱص⻹ʬ壬һƬѪģȻ˴ҲһҵĲɱ 
Ǽʬ壬Щڱ֮£Щڰ֮¡ 
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жദ˺ۣҪɫҲжļ 
ַ˱ļʬ壬ְáơɫơĴоҲڴˡ 
ôᶼƶ²⣬΢һԼ·ƣŵļһʬ壬ȷʵûʲô˿ڡ 
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̾ƶ뿪ʬ壬̽ͷصڣһƬڰʲôַһ֧˵ص 
Ҳʬ塣 
Ѳԥ 
ƶᰴ棬ȥΪѶϣһʱƽ⣬صЩˤ䵽ʯڣʹޱȣ֪Ѫ϶ˡ 
ûеƣԽԽڣֱֲָֻǽǰ 
صܳذǴʯש̳ɣĥʮƽһ·󣬵ƽԼĿüʯˮ 
ֵǣصڵһʬ嶼ûˡ 
Ȼ֪صͨδƶѾûбѡˣ֪ԼȥֹпܻᷢģӲҵ¼ 
һ·ƸЩˮ·𣬻бʲô 
ʯڣȻøһЩ֪ԼӦѾԶˡ 
Ȼûãǰ濪ʼ˹ߣӡ 
ƶְ˰磬һ߳˵ص 

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˫ȻţɴҲȻվԶԶĸߴָһУû֪ʲôû֪ΪҪõʲô 
Ƴվߣʱ͵ۿ۹ÿһվһߵٻĲڵתͷ 
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ʮţֻðɣٵĿʵ 
ƶƽ򶨵ĵ絣ˣûء 
ͷٲ˵תڡ 
̫үˣȫѩס콣վڸߣҲˣ𴦶Ѫųվƴ֮վѾĶŻߣ֪˵ʲôԵУŻһ˷ܣ·һվԱߣŹװ֪֮ 
֮⣬һȦжõӣִͲһʱ䵹õӲóȻϡ 
磬㿴ô죿Ծϸߴߵٵߡ 
ʲôǵĶˮʱ򡣡ЦۿŵµȺˣֵСģүӵ 
һ£磬ֻ֪µǲء 
Ŷתһۣѩɵ۹ɨȥѹ󣬲Ϸߣɱ 
磡ƶϵͺһ㲻ǳʲôĿģŵӵŹ治ֻ᷸ˡ 
ˮ͸磬һۣȻ΢ЦԭõĴôһõģӦ˭أ 
֪ΪȴңԭõһãȻһվ;ǰⴥŹ档ƶϹִĿ磬㲻Ҫҷɣ 
һĵ 
ԥţв֮ɫȴڻǻ֣ѩ׵ָĻֻȼһһŵӱҪ࿹ƴĶˮ 
ԡƶϺǰ˭ҲŵӵϷ㣬Ҳһܡ 
ΪƾһֻϱۣɵôΪһһ㣬ƶϡ𣺡 
ðɣ֮µķʹƻ 
ٳҲҵĺ 
Ҳ·һҲ·һⲻǰֵǱϾ·𣿡ƻѾ˺ܾˣһֱΪΪŵĽͷչŻһǣȴ࡭ 
ҵĻҵģٴĻһֵȥɣ 
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˼ƻһҧȥ 
ٲ˿һÿɷ 
ΪЩ֣˼Сƻˡһߵ˸ͷ 
ȻͷһߵȥҲû 
ƶǰһ̽Ϣˣ 
Ŀ֮£ߣȻˣϣûа˺ۣûжļ 



ʮ 
                  ת 

뵽ǰ̽ƻıϢʵֻƶһ˲ͻȻͷΪʲôͷԼҲ֪ 
һָоɣ 
ĸоʼеһС 
վһظղŵĻˡ 
ܡƳǷʹߣͷʹƻãƶôһ˵ǰƻɫҰ׵ĵô 
ȻƻȷʵˣôҲѡ 
û˺ۣûжƻĪԩǡ 
Ȱ£ƶһõӵݣ 
ǡݴõվ˳ʲôҲֻƶʩ񣺡¶ʹ 
ߵƻʬһѳ·Ѳӵ۹ͺ⣬Ѱ˼һһ㣬ƳվסˣҪʲô 
Ȥһüݵ˵أ׼ж˿飬ҪҪһƷ 
쵰ƳǰҪƶһѳסȭͷ룬Ҳϣ֪ƻԲԣ 
ݶʬо˽Ծ֪ƳҲ֪Ҫҳƻȫÿֻغһ˦ƶϵ֡ 
ôһƶϵֿʼʹӶǣһʹͷҲʼΣ֪ԼӦǺúϢҪ˿ܵ𶯣˿ڶ񻯷ףȻž͵öˡ 
ܲʱվΪпصľƾһ 
ţܾʹ˶һ 

ȻƻˣٲûзĴ㣬ۿĿ֪Լٲֻ»һˡ 
ַµӿʼɧȫӽߣɱ 
һڵӾԻȻ 
ƳﻢֻѡҪԼҪ֪ԼҲֻѡ˶ѡ 
ڴһּսŵӵİѾõò࣬Ҫ㲻ȫˡ 
ˣ˿Ϸǰġ 
ԣһö͸׶ֿ׼վһŵӡ 
޹˼ŵҪ𣿡ƶһ߳˫Ŀɨ 
ģʲôҾʲôҲǰѡһЦɫǳĿɬΡ 
ǱߣƴҲ̧Ϊ䶾ˮֹߵĽ 
ƶ֪ʧȥƣ֪һеı䶯ԤıԼĳȫȻͬȥսһߴһ̾ 
ٻߵߣü΢עųϵı仯 
սúõ׵壬ںǷúͰõӣõӺ 
ʣĵ 
ѹƳͤѱƷ˴⣬µӥӣҲ⧲ϮУ˴롣 
ȻƴĶˮͲ̼Զˮմ룬䲻̾ȴʧȥ 
һִֹͲжõˣˮеӸࡣ 
ˮͲĿƣĶֹֻ࣬ƣеӸ֪ƴ ԼĶˮѾꡣ 
үӣǸô죿콣һн˭һһԿŵȺİ 
ȻżĲǱڴˣǡ 
磬ĸѩҧ䣺Ҷˡ 
ѩһʱ棬Ҳ֪ÿ޺ãЦáãԻһͷҾֶӶ׼ 
һڣвĵ콣ͷĿ磬㲻𣿡 
ҲЩ԰ɣֻеһսˡѩϧͷϺ˿Уһָʧ 
콣һᱣ㣬£Լϧ 
·Ϭ콣ͻȻ̧ͷɲĹâ͵ضͷѽαסе磬ӦңһҪӦңҪԶߣԶһ뿪Ȼҡҡ㿴 
ȻͷԶҪ㻹Ǻܿءѩֽסͷ⿪Ц˻⡣ 
콣ִĿƫ뻰⣺磬Ӧҡ 
ãҲҪӦ磬κ£κ£㶼ɺƢҪĻ콣ıˣ 
ѩĻŻƫͷݺݵһ·ûУܳʲô£㶼ҪСƢ 
٬һЦ·չۻͷߵҲһ򶼺Ļ 
ϣŻ֪Ϊʲô͸һѽ·ƿҪճˡ 
ţƤȴôԵСһЦͷʣȣôȣ»׵ļգ»ؿڣģǡס» 
Żбÿʵ·ؿڣҲڵѪὦҵ·ϡ 
һֱԹ۵̲֮סЦ 
ΪʲôҶԽ֮⣬أǣв֪Ǿۣٴеĳޡ 
ΪԼҪˣƴ̾һ۽ͳһȦ뻳УҲҪˣԣҲʧܣҡ 
һֱ㡣΢΢һЦźۼ˳ĻһҪúôޣȻҲŹġ 
˫ֽס˳ޣʧõı׷ƴͷһ۳ޣѺٴγ˯֮˵ŵһҲ˶ͣˡ 
лл㣬˳ȫҡǲмģƴ֪Բ 
˭ҵܵܣϵɷأϣҸȻԼҲ޷ҸԲ㵣ô£Ҳ޷ֿô꣬ʵһʼڣҰ˶㡣 
һֱ֪Լһ׶˵ƴȻĳĵطȻѡ 
ȻͣˮҲڸ 
ˣԽԽ࣬ʣµģȴԽɱۣղѾȥ棬ԼֵܣҲԼĺѣԼ屲ֶ 
˵ԣΪҪֶεġ 
ֵزסˡһˮжõӻ棬һǷ׵Ϯбġ 
Ƚƴּȴѳʬһߡ 
һжõڲҽе£һ˫ۿʣΪʲôɱɱҵǡԼҡԼҡδ˵ 
ΪʲôΪʲô̫ү˵أ޵ѽƴУ˵ڻ֮¡ 
ƴһеĳƽչ 
ǣ㡭סƴѾߵǰУ磬л˵ 
ûʲô˵ģʮԾɣͼʹ죬Ҳùһǰۿ 
٣̫үǿ֧壬ңǣοԼҵ֣֪Բ㣬ձǰԾܸ˰ɣһж˳ھϡ 
ۿͻȻһЦЦǱǰʹ֪ҪЦҪޡ 
үӣղ˵Բôˣһжˡ֪ôһ죬ȴΪ¾УܳԽָɽһЦʵɺô 
սõӡõӣձسǣ 
ԶԶģһȴд͸ֱÿ˵ĶС 



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ǵѩ׵ӰڵصһƮɣȻһʵľʯ֮ϡ 
սúͰõͬʱס֣ھʯ֮¡ 
һ̤ھʯˣƮƮ٣ֻ˿ḿڼָָ߾ٹУȻһơ 
սڴˣڵسǵӲУձسһ֮ 
ǰƾǱˣսõӴŻɣƾǱ޿ˡս󻤷һƾһ񣬴Զսվƾ 
һգƾͷվʯµİõӣʵǼʱҵĺҪͬսģ 
֪õĴ˾ƺʣơɫλ֪ƾƢѵ÷汻ŭˣϽͬڵϴ 
һ֣ƾ±涷սõĵһȥػŰɣĻҵܲʹ˻һġ 
õ˲ȥپޱ飬һ˫ֱֱƾ 
磬ҷסҺʮ磬ΪҪôƾǵĵʮʲôҲùΪеġ£޷ԭ㡣 
ٵĿ˿ڣʮߣʮôûһ 
ƾ΢΢һȻʮȥسǵˣ£磬Ҷ㡣 
֪ʮһ𳤴󣬹ϵ񣬡Ȼ˹ĵʮıҲΪ㡭 
ˣƾһȣֹ˵ȥΣڵϦ㻹˼˵Щϻ 
ʮߣûȤ̸̸һЦ֪Ҳ׿̸ˡ 
ƾķһ˿ǣƺսﶺ̫á 
Σ𣿡еĿԹҺұ֤ʮ˵һͷٳɲĻʲô£ǿɾͲܹˡ 
΢΢ҧ˳ü޲бѪӳһϮ£ѩẮ 
ܾ𣿡ٵһЦͺһͳͳ¡ 
ƾȻ̧ͷ 
ЦһƲ 
Ҳáƾ΢һͷѩ׵ڷɢ硢ֻ̤һƮӰǰǰߴ 
˵ɣҪʲô̸ƾһѹסؿʹ֪ΪƺģǣԼĲҪˡ 
ȴܵ£ŶսúͰõĵӣǺٶԿ£ڵȺףƱ㲻ٿƵס 
ǴЦۣȴԲһ˿飬°ңҷźùǵݻж˼ˣһλƺΣҴӴ˲һ 
ҴӦ㣬Ҷʮ綼кôƾ΢Цţüǲһ̾ưתǧۡ 
ôǴӦˣ۹⿴ֻͷҡͷ 
ƾȻ磬˵ĻȴźòȫȻ෴Ȼ 
磬ҴӦνʮ֪Ϊ˾͹뷸ŵԲԭҵ˽룬ԼˣҲԲҪȡԼ档 
𣿡һ㵹Ǻ˽ 
ƾȻһЦȻ̸ɣ磬²ҪҲͬˡ 
ȥɡһ֡ 
ƾһתһ߽УСģһѽƵڵء 
˲˺֮ģַʵʮ٣ô 
ƾһתִݣȻʲôòĻصҺܺá 
ݷſƶϹȭѾ÷ʹƻ򡣡 
˵Цһҵ뿴õִû¡ 
ɵһתƶȥ롣 
仰һΧ˶ʧɫų֮ʱƶİϸţëմ룬˳Ѫֱء̫ڰǰѾõİһС 
磬ǲǣƶɨ 
ȷʵе㱾¡΢΢һЦΪѾ֪ء 
硭Ƴһúòֵֵ 
ƶϵȷʵ֪˺ۣжΨؿڰѹ֮Ѫ΢࣬Ӳʱƻɵˡ 
ɱ˭Ҳҵĺ΢΢ۿʮţҪԸ𣿡 
ƶϲʣս󻤷ͣþơλϣҲɱģǲǣ 
Ŷܿ϶΢Ц 
ʮã룬ү֧ȣ˲ˣҲûУ˵ˣԣһʼҾͻ㣬ҲҪݼʵܿ϶ƶ̾磬αˣ 
ʮţѵûԹôٵͻȻֱߣ΢̧ۿҪ롭 
ȵţѩˢؾƾۺŭ磬Ҫɱ޹ˣһֱۡ 
еУܽһһ黯زģֻһƾİ޷߾磬Ψһһ죬ֻҪɣȫҪԣȫϰŰ 
ЦʮߣⱾôָһϸţëӰҲ֪˭ΪĿ꣬׷׶ܡ 
ƾ룬ٷһץסһһ죬شƾƾһ΢ʹ˸һһѳٵա 
һԭƻ¡ 
ȻǰľƵûʤ㣬ܷٵ 
õ˿ƶڿ˿ڡ 
һʼõӾķԸ²ʵԱ 
һڣƳͤһۣ˿ 
ڴⱻ͵ϮʣѲ࣬ӥسǶδսȻˣõӺһ˿µķõӺõӱԵеƹˡ 
һЦȵ 
һٴη 
磬㲻־ܣʲôƶϵõӣ¡ 
ƾҲңЦһ˫΢̧İͻȻס 
ƣһ߳һһٴγֻ֣βֻƾҲƶϡ 
ͻ˰ȦɵذΧֱ٣һһҲֱۡ 
Ҳܣֻգ˵һһӲ 
磬ԲˡһսţȴƳ㲻ɱʵڲɱ 
΢һ񣬷ץƳƾô˻ᣬߣһֱš 
ɴƮȻء 
ٴŭ˫һ֣ԭΧߵİ㼤ķ 



ʮ  

ٰ֪Ĵη壬Լͬ˱ܿ 
Ƿȴֱµŵӣһ⧲ʧȥ޵ͨӸ޷мܵסٵİһ˲䣬֮Һ 
Цɣǻʣ¶ٿ֮ˣǻʣ¶սţֻʣһǶѡ 
ɴƾһһڵأסĳҲȻɢ£Ȼȥ˰ĿԿɼɫ𪣬üǼΪһ 
ȴáһ̫үƴֻεڵء 
үӣҵŵô΢Цţ޳ָĳ¶ 
̫ү˵ȱݣκε͵Ŀһֱ˲ţܻٵɴʲôܡ 
ʵܼ򵥣ɴһʹһ룬Ƕħ 
Ǳջٵİ 
ں˰̸ڵľϣûһ鼡õģͺսȫ˵档 
ѵүӡƶϴٵĺ뵽Ψһܻͣˣ 
үΪʲôҪ 
ƾһȻͬһ£Լճģжôʹࡣ 
㱻һҲ˽ԹɽŶ㷢йŭķΧƴ̫үɫ֪飬ٵǲܹͬ 
Цһָٵգֻһò˵ʲô飬ֻǣЩ⣬ǵһͿԽġ 
⵽ô£콣ץŸ֣ݺҧһͷһ߾׽һΪʲôҪΪʲôܣ˵ȴûԸôصԹϧѳᣬӦֻ˼򵥵ɰɣôΪ£ 
ͦ˫üסնԹȫ˽ͷʹѩĻסС磬ǲٻʲôڻأȻҪǶرһŻ˵ıߡ 
˼ҵ£ôʲôѩϧĺԣѹ뻳УȦס壬ֻҪŴԶ߱ͺˣʲôõģʲôú¡ 
˺ҵǸǴأ콣̧ۿ峺ˮ˫ȫȻεκ 
ԼҲ˵һëİСһĵܵܣΨһɡ 
΢΢һЦ֪ԼôͻȻͱô𣿡ЦĵԵĳԹȻģ뿪Ҳᶪ 
ѩֻǳĿǼǿǴ֮ĵܵܣʲôνˡ 
һ¡콣ͻȻһץסѩֱۣ磬Һ뵽ʲôҲǲٵɡ 
Ŷ˵ǲһ·Ȼ߷ߵĿź̸֮ΪĶŻȴǶĻϽ 
ǱүջٵˣΪʲôҪջΪʲô˳̫ƣ˿УôүӣΪүرԣŻñ˶ôŭ 
콣˫Ŀ·֪ʲô 
·ͷͷһĹúӣùԶġ 
㣿콣֪ǲбĹ۵㡣 
ңҲȻ˵ġ·ЦȻߵһˣػү˵װɣһԽʲôԼͲͺ𣿡 
ݺݵһ·콣Сֹ棬ΪʲôСûأȤöˡ͵̧ͷһƶϣ֣ƶ˿ϰĲȻǴС·˺ģƶ϶ˣûСȴôصһˣδ˵ȥء 
һߴﹾ߶ʲôأ·͵һָǰôᡭ 
ף콣Ҳһ£ǰɽͻȻ̳϶üĪ˰֣˵ṥŵЩ˹ˣ 
ҴѪʮ֮ЦЦұͻȻţ޾ߣֻû뵽ȴڴˣոҳ˲ʱų̻Ԯġ 
ȻҲˣͻӱۺȵ˽ǡ 
硭ìܵĿһۣһۣһˮ۽ǻ£磬ҪµҲˡ 
̧Ĩȥˮ۸ߺĺ졣 
һţʾжĿʼ 
õһַƲԣŲж󲿷Աһֻκɫӡ 
һվϵĺɫӶ׼ˡ 
ʲô콣ʣǻ𣿡 
֮ɫصҿӦһˡ 
ָ߾ٹֻһ±Ҫʩɱš 
̫үݺ٣ΪʲôΪʲôҪ㲻ǺҰˣΪʲôҪţ 
ɱǣȻΪʲôһЦүӣҲģһ㾡ܷĺˡ 
ôңʲôʼնԭң˵ǰɱأ̫үոյĻ⡣ 
ȻһЦүӣˣҾеӸᡣͻȻһ֣һɵ̫үϳΪΡ 
ɱǡٿƶϵˣ³һ仰үӣһ 
ָһڣ£ٵ 
ĺͬʱ֡ 
ƳµĻʷعİ 

ţս 
ʮүǹˡԶԶģеӸߺ 
ƺֻΪۼɽׯźҵڹǣҲΪƾһȥûϢ 
֪ͻ¼ƾһᾡϻԼ 
ƾԮҲûòĿ룺ƾǲΣգƾǲƣ۶ƾǲǿƲס桭 
ǧҪ£ҴӦһҪƽĵԮ㲻ʧԼȻҲԭ£һҲҪƽĻƺ񲻰֪Լ÷ƾһȥδ֪ƣذ֡սõĵӣԼƾҪһЭسǣһȥصӵġ 
ǱߵҲΣգԼҲһȫʱпܳŸƣƾֻ¸Ѱ 
ʮүˣһ̤ϳ¥һӣһȺӰողŽϳŵߴ³ȥ 
ѣˡƺϲ֪ѵ׳ʲô£ԮǺõġ 
ҲæЦ䣬˫ֱ֣һϳŵĵˣͣ΢ЦҴѾȥүӱˡ 
ǡƺһ£֡ 
Ҵ类ƶϵѨλơ벻֣Żˣҽⲻ˴Ѩֻߣպλһ뿪Ĵ絹Ҵλ类ѨȻһ׷ˡָͣһָѣЦΪѨʱĳԵϢһж磬˵ȥǱߵҾͺλæˡ 
Цͷ֪Ϊƶ϶ȥҲ˵ֻ̲סЩЦ 



ʮ 
                  콣 

ȻӥӣҪʮӵֿ˵ĽȻδڸǽεסЩڸȥִʸ߹ߵĽ֣ 
ƺϳͷ۵ӳΧĽˣȵׯׯã鼱Ҫţ 
ʮ٣Ȯͬϱɢģδ飬Ϸйǰһ̽ʮٻȮӳһɽׯׯ俪ɽտ¬ߵ֮ȿʼţ˵ȻѾ֪֮ƺΪ֪ǰġ 
׵ѾϢҪǣ췢ģӦԷɸ봫ķʽͳϢҲû˿취ɽУһ·վ滻ӣҲղܽϢ͵ 
ôΨһĿǣһԤıҪҶǡ 
ͣѴϢٺĿѾǱ̫үϳƴݣôҪĵʲô 
֪ıһ£׼ȷܻᷢõģֻٺѵׯҲǡ 
ǱߵȻҲֹۣڵˣ 

ƾܳĽë˿ͫˮѩȫÿһϸ䱸״̬ԣٿʱǵһֵˡ 
ֻȦִסβʳжָһһһ㼲̶͸ģٷֻشȦȿסĺĽݻһġ 
ѷ룬ҪܣƱصȷſܣɡ 
ƶϵĶϱʹ֧ǿŵڣվˣҪ˵ֹ٣ܿ붼첻 
һߵƳٻȻԥţ֪ƫһֻǾĹ 
ƾһһȻסƣȴֹֻջӰƮƮӭպʺ磬㷭粨䡣 
һһƺѰΪƵģÿһ촦Ƕдʯϸţëճ壬հַԲãȴᱻʯ 
ƾ鼱֮˳ʹƽճõķַǴЧһХѸ١ 
ǱߣĺҲѳ֡ 
õеĺںӱԵͻȻһϸ룬£΢͸ȴǵضԲڷΧ֮ڣ޿ɱܡ 
վΧжõ׵壬ӦҲûбиţʬһء 
һֹһͣõӱס֣ 
ܿƾĹԺڣһһǰ˲ѧƾʹƵһʱ֡ 
õӵĺٴ֯١ 
ѩһѽ콣ȥ 
ܵסģ̫ˡ콣϶ѩӲǼ˳磬ҪҲҪһ㲻ܰһ¡ 
콣ѩһ뻳УԼĺڻ 
ޣƴĿܼԶȫŵƿ֪֮ƾ޵ҲֻԼһ˰ȫѣ˫һӣ޵ظ˳ڵϵ塣޵꺮˷ѩ˿֯ɣǹ룬ȻҲΪˡ 
Լȴ¶֮С 
֮һ󣬵¡ 
̾һģҲҲá 
˵֮ȴûиõĻοֻս˽ 
˵װʦ²ѵ·鿪Ц 
ŻҲûУ̾ĵһǱͱͽܻؼȻ鷳ҲҪˡ 
װʦһ᲻ôء·ٺЦһͻȻνֱꡣ 
·׳գҹŻ󾪣˼ĸų˹ȥ 
·󽣾ֺὣȦת潣һâ 
ٱ֮ס 
ݺǧһ⺮ʮݡ 
·Ͷ֮Уɶ˻𣬴һȥİȻ; 

콣ǵųֵһ˵ʮһı˵콣֮졢ڵءɱ񡢷ɱ 
ʮһ䲻콣ҲʧȥӰ 
վֹֻϴ˵е񻰣û֪¾Ǽ١ 
ô콣ٳڽһ̬һ̾һźޣţʵǸڵġ 
콣ھ·С 
ĺĶС 
··ԼҲ˽һ֣һȦһʣ֮뾹һһϡ 
ܡôܡţ׵ĸڳ֪ĺǷбʲôûС 
·Цץڳϵ޵ڽһãһأֻʣתŻ˵᲻ģڣ㲻ˡ 
Ϊʲôôڱܹƾһּ󣬳Ϣ֮ʣб˵ĺΧߵߡ 
·üһЦΪ콣ҵõѽʱ˸˵ѽưҪλе㱿ʦոԭѽлдʯڣѹֿ׽붼 
Ȼڽ伣콣ˣôʧܣҲǲܽܵʵپЦóļͷûϵģⲻΡ 
̾һ磬Ѿûа취ٰʲôˡˮָ£ڣֻΪٶѹ磬ô꣬úࡣ 
ҲãӲϽľС̾ϢֽԵ˺½ϵ˿ڡ 
ԽԽ̳úÿ죬ֻǰһʮʿǰݵ֮ǰ 
ӣӭ٣ˡͷʿͷҲ̧𣬹˵ 
֮ͷãһĻᡣһָƾλƼʮǰŴͬУóŸơ 
ƾֽԼҲپȥƺ֮Ȼã±֮л˰úͶսʣĵ뿪 
                   



ʮ ׹ 

̾һһȺԼĵӣת̫үүӣ֪һһ˵ֻŹЩӣֻǷ£޷֮ġһԼĿڣָ΢Ȼаڡ 
һŭȣžһĿ֣סƣָһöڡ 
ȻһЦ磬ﲻ 
һٵҿɲֻѰˣʧ𣿡 
Ѿʧˣ硣 
ã뵽ĿǰΪֹûС΢ЦһʼҾûںĽճ 
ôдˣ磿ƶɫɷףʵôΪʲôԼʲô壿 
ٴ΢ĵţҲûбº 
ûºҲعΣ֮У㾿ûаԼŵһӣƶϵף紵䷭ɣı˵Ĺ졣 
һЦ΢΢ƲȻҴŵһӣҴŵˡ 
硭վ̵ֱסļͷôˣĳ˺ܶడ 
Լϵ֣Цãߡֻ㣬ںʲôʲôݣһֱҡ 
ʲôԩ˵ʹȱֶΣ㷢йĵƷƴ޺޵һۣȥ޵ 
ԩ˵ϣЩ£ӦûܸȤһֱһᣬҪЩ¸е֪ٺЦһ̫үʵүӣûȤأ 
̫ү̾һڲþ㣬ҳΪŵˡ 
ǰԭٽҶȥģ 
һеᣬڳ˴ŵӣɵʧɫ 
Ȼˣ콣ֹסѩֱ۵磬㵱һ㣬һٲ׾Ͱݵġ 
ѩȻʵΪʲô 
ôˣעһ㣬үӵİȫ콣һѾתʯ֮ͳվߣƴվ̫үߣʱͷ 
һĨʣ콣΢ЦӵкϷˣϧСû 
˵ʲôأѩű۽ǰüȶ㲻Ҫߡ 
֪콣бѩһ˫ۿ٣תȥޣٻιȥƴҲ֪ڴʲô⡣ 
ٽйүӽеһ㶼֣ǲͲµˣѩͷ 
ǰңٵջ˳ҲүӷŵĻ𡣡 
콣΢ЦգգۣȻٵȻŻ͸ͬһڣôʹĻţôʹģһȥ 
ǻҷŵġ̫үʸڷϡ 
ٲֻһ˵ţÿվӿͷǳʹԼ⣬ҲջԵʰɣҲԸ⿴ǲǣΪʵ̫㣬Ҿ㣬ǳ𡭡 
ҷŵĻ𣬲ҡ̫ү 
ѾԹԵķԸű˵Ķ㣬ĽҺ㰲µݣȴǲϷŹǣҵй¶ܣŻҡǣΪʲôҪңʹĻţɱǰΣȴгˡٻתͷƶϣϣҲһǰɣ 
ƶϰһȴֻҧŴ˵ 
ƶѵҲүӵĶӣ콣ǳԾˣתסѩ磬ΪʲôүӷǵҪƴţȴƶλأҾƶҲܸɣڵȽҲȽš 
ܲƴѩһ£СܲҲǰɣ 
콣ʼ磬֪ѾЩ߰Ĺϵˡ 
үӣǼ굹æµúܰǵһ֮½вţŸν˵Լ˭˭˭ĺӣҪţҲûҪɣٺЦһҶľˣȴ۵ĻһݣΪԼһߵģϧȴһϣҲ 
֪֪ңΪŵҲܸˡ 
ʲôûʹࡣٸջٵ¶һ˿Ť΢Ц㣬Ծ͸㣬ҲңźƵ˯źΣߵҵĴߣҵĲӾᵶңûһϸҰĵ˯ֻһ˯ȥҲˡ 
ֱס磬֪Ŀ࣬Ҳ֪ôȻûһ˯ŵġ 
һжĴŵĴٱ̫үݺݵĵƾʲôʹҪһܣŭָƴΪʲôͿҪ÷Ҫ꣬ǣңȴһԼͯꡭ 
ͻȻ˸ƴ˵̫үæǰȴڰһı䷽һһѷֱš 
֮ڣһ̽ѽ޵һץ𣬷ӳԶ 
ס֣ſƴ󾪣ٻǰߴ£ȴֲóȻǰ 
Цſôˣվ±ϣֻһƣ޾ͻ׹¡ 
ɣҿƽ뿪šƴͼһĽӽ٣ƶסˡ 
Ҳſġٵִ˳޵ļͷȴҪƴʹı顣 
ˢһѩĽֱٵֱۣƴô˻ǰȥޡ 
ټһգѽ޼£ͷִһĸڣĸڸ˳ѣڼ 
˼ͣսظȴ˸գæöڲıǼɹ 
Сˡ콣һʵû˰ɣ 
áƸһصץס˳ޣ鼱뷴ЩΪˡ 
أҲɢȴأԲʣأأ 
ƴ½еץסˣæ 
һų޵һһһ±ϣעʵޣû°ɣ 
޷ǽ֮ˣ㲻Ϊðա¶԰׵΢ЦԺúչ˽㡣 
ޣ˵ɵޡƴľսΪʲôʱ˵й°Ļ 
ȻһЦޱץŵָֻ֣΢ţһ飬һ׵ơ 
ޡƴץѾȥϡɼ΢Ц 
ʮ磬ƶϸ±ߣһһһַɳƴ 
ϣԺͰˡƴۣɿ֡ 
ƶϼסȴһƴʹ׹¡ 
ɽƣʯͷȥһ 



ʮһ ıɱ 

ʮ̫үѹҡҡͷͷƣ׷ڷз˲ࡣ 
Ҳסˣû뵽ƴѡһͬ¡ 
ΪʲôΪʲôͲ֪أƶϷŭתһӣһһļ̶ 
˫΢չ˿븹ͻȻʹ絶ʣһӲϣڵأƶϵһһˢش̴ļͷ 
û뵽Լһе֣ƶϷӦ죬תһһٸʹͷ֮ʱɿĽȫס޷ 
硭һ飬ѱ˵Ѩŭͷȴһֱɫٻ㣿㡭ΪʲôҪ 
ٻ׵üߵ̫үǰݵٻܣʹ·չʰĵزٻԸ 
ٻ㡭˫Ŀŭ죬ֺ޵ĵ㡭 
΢΢ҧŴٻһȻүӣٻһʮ˺ٻԸл 
̫үַһ֮Ҫƣʵ̫ǿЩҲ̫𡣡 
үӺȻаߣѹʲô°ָơ콣ײһײƵСô˰Ҳ 
ҡҡͷ̾һߵƶߵԲ𡭡 
㲻ض˵ġƶϿһۣѪ࣬ĮľԾ΢΢һ̧ҪȥϵۼͻȻЦۣæսȭͷֱȥ 
һֱļˣﻹݣֻԼϲŵĲֽѪɫæ˿ѿˣҰ°һ°ɡ 
ˡƶƿ֣β԰׵ͼ׹ᣬתٻٻ֪Լʲô£Ȼ¹ش֣Ҳ޹ 
ٻ֪ٻ˫ŤȹһٻŹɱͬŵӡʮŸ紦ٻԹԡ 
̫үϣǳʱڣ÷ǳֶΣٻҲǱƲѡ 
콣ߵСĵͷߵСƶôֵֹģ 
ֻǴƶϲ˫ĿˮɫӯӯȴֻŬĵɴۣǰʾ 
ȻһЦ콣̾һ˼Һúõһλ̹ӣֱۣԺûŮӿϼ޸ˡ 
ҡҡɫ׵ģԾϡ 
㣿콣ϷʵһЦò˵޸ɣҵĴүϣҲϣ˿ˣ˼Ҳϰɣ 
ŭĻͷ˵һи콣ϵ΢ЦŴ죬ȫ콣ʲô˼ 
ԼĻСѾͷ㻹ծ콣ЦҡҡָɲһøӦร 
ˣҵ²Ҫܡ 
һʼ磬콣ҲȻ΢ЦŵܾͲܣԼһӾͺá 
ڣǰںڵҪɶϵԼֱҲùƶϡ 
ƲĺȦȥ콣 
˰ɣ֮һִͷİɣ֪ôǶԼƶ϶Զõġ 
콣һۣûȤ̼ģ 
֮º͵ЦЦˣûıȰѾܷſҪץס 
ʲô˼콣ãȻ 
˵˵ʱͷͷǵôһԼͿıأ֮üһЦﻹиˮ˵ȥ壬Լ˵Ļɡ 
콣뺰סֲ֪Լ׸ʲôɴˤһͷ벻׵¶ȥԺ󣬼ȥѩߣҲ֪ǰ涼Щʲô£ȴٻ׺ͷɱġ 
콣һͷѸٿʼתȦٻ˵ɱ׺ͷ̣Ŷȵж٣ɱģôɺڣ 
׺˵ã緢ѱ䣬װׯǣй˵λ׳Ļ˳ӣԼڶ쵽տ¬ɽߣ˵Ҫŵͼ죬ҹ˷һȥȪ;ʮŸͣһȥȪˮȻƵˮ´ңȪ࣬û˷ˮ¡Ȼҳôʱտ¬ɽɱףһѾųɸ֪ͨĴڵ׼ɱԺС·صȪˮѾһȥԼõĻ··ͷҪԵĸ㣬ұ㻻·صû˻ңȻҲû˻ỳˮ¡ٻһЦˮҾȻŵģҪҲҡ 
ΪʲôҪɱ̣ΪʲôƳȥסȴƶƿʮˣҪٻ˵ 
ٻһЦʮ˸磬ôˣҲɱأ 
𡭡˵ƳǺ 
ΪҪȡ磬Ҳһɱģֻǰ㲻ֲò¶ѡٻЦû´ǹ͵߻ı֮µġ 
˵˵ƳһĨɱԼŹ棬һˮ 
ǲǺ˵ͣӦ֪ٻӣҹȥĿǰ֪һѰ㣬ϲ㣬յκζȲҵ㣬л 
ӣҸǺƽ¡ 
ϣı֮£Ѱ綨Ȼɱ© 
һƳĲ²ѣɱʲôô 
Ȼкôɱٵȷѳɹǰĺˣʱ򣬾ҪͻһҲû˹ܵˡٻҧΪЩҲֻ֪ǲ÷Ķѡ 
ȴɱƶ 
ΪҪɱҳһ£ʮ˸ɱ֪ʮ˸һ֣ǰɱ˷̡ 
Ϊʲôƶʡ 
̾һˣȿɵõٵΣֿڷԼɷ֮֡룬λٻҲǳһƬģһŮˣԼİɷУҲĿİɣ 
Ƴ岻֪ͣ˵۶ȴ 
̫үһƺݺݴϣȻĳԼҲҪӺ 
үӣ㲻Ҳ˸ԼºӵŮ𣿡Ƴܲȴ³ڽĻ 
̫үһ˫۶Ӱ㶢һûٵĸףڶû֪ܵİࡣȻͰ㡭ܻѹסؿڣƺʱпܵȥ 
ҺͰˣǣҺˣΣѾĻȢ˸ŮڽӴҲ˵ңβողʮΪǸԾȴֻʹϧȥƳѾˣһж׷ˣɹˣž֮Уܿĵ 
᣺үӣʲôʲôλҲںˣðϴһˣֻҺͰһ𡣡 
룬ҾԲԭǵģȻΥ׳֮£ֱ֪Լ˵Щʲôˡ̫үؿţôҲоȻڿڵĳ¡ 
ƳתֿȺ˳ȥ 



ʮ ɱ 

Ұץ̫үû뵽˵߾ߣȫԼĴڣôŭ 
ƳȻתĵүӣûԼΣ 
ң̫ү΢һȻƳڿϾʯһƿݣŵƻʬ壬ͻȻĴЦүӣǧټҪţûĽְɣ 
ҵÿˣԼ˽ģΪ֮λΪǺΪԼĺôүӣȨ˸ʥ⣬ֻܷԸ£ȴҪģʲôƳһָٻţɱǲҲ˽ĵġ 
̫үתۿٻͷҲ˼֣һݵΪǵҽڡ 
̾һƳˣҲûҪţڸǶĶסƻʬ壬磬˵ˣҸˣԭûôѵģôѵ¡ 
ֱ΢š 
ֻԹۣΣڵƳѾηɱˡ 
һͷƶϵˣ¹鰲ùܣòض¡ͻȻһסеһһ췴һͣһʹڵء 
СġһֱעӶְסͷذ⣬ֽһʣƶɿһһ졣 
Ʋ˵ָңؿѨû˽ͣ˿ѪˡС⿪ͷԭȵİĲ½˺һ£¹ϡѾйһξ飬һ޴룬Ƿǳ 
ǡǡһ󡣡һһסѾû 
磬οִԲ򣿡ƶϲΪͷѪģĶϱ۴ɫͺ˿ڸġ 
һתȻ±ϣβ䣬ɽ䴵ͷ·ĩĵʱֹͣת׹ء 
ҲŵˣûʸҡһЦĳɲİչ¶Ȼǵһο˾Ķǡ 
ƶü΢˲¼֣磬˵Ļ㲻ջأҪ 
磬㡭ìܵĿҲ֪ǸȰĺãǸһ֧ 
˶Ϣע٣ֳѩʵܵܣ콣ûо֣ 
û´ٴʱ䡣콣üƶϲѶ֮ˣʱ򣬲Ӧõ𣿡 
˵ɱ٣·ϲĴչЦһûɱأҵ콣 
˵øˣͷͻȻһǱعͷŻǰһ˫۶ݺݵĵͽһûأȥһ鷳 
һͷ·ЦŶŻʦʿ㲻ˣԣͱҪˡ 
ԣ֮תǵķ򣬵ſˡ 
һɫ̻𣬰һתۣͻء 
һ֮˴ٽֻ¿첻ˡ 
̫үһ۵ϣ㻹ԥʲô仰һжٵ̡ 
үӣһ桭鼱ٻѨã˵Ⱑôģ 
仰һ˵ǾѹһӻҺ˭û̫ү˽һ£̫үĸӶʮûб˽ӵĻٿΨһĶˣѹƶϳٳٲ 
ĶӣҲûҵĵһЦͻȻүӣ˵ҪŸҪ 
Ȼš̫үʹԣҲ˽٣㲻Ҫҡ 
΢΢һЦүӣҾ֪ѡţԣҴһʼûҪ˺㡣ҪۿŵĻ𡣡 
ִԲ򣡡̫үŭ䣺ϣȽ£ãȴ˼ˣз䡣 
ƶ΢һͷõӡ 
ٽضĻ˵ˣҲŵˣҲǻ̵ġ 
һתããƺһԾ 
١ 

ЦӨ֧ٮٮߣ״ԪԺѧʿ 
ʱ 
鷿ŵƻ 
ЦӨִϺմ̨еŨīдۣš 
񡱵һһ˷룬¹Դ䣬ӳѩĳ 
ЦӨ̾һһʱڣ̶壬ֱˮתڣΣ㱣סˡ 
һĵƴѧʿ֪ˣǰѾҩ㲻Ϊҵġ 
ЦӨαһ 
Żҡ˺طϻˣүдۡһ⣬̤ѩա 
һɣͬţǵðáЦӨ̧һۣ˫Ц۾Өǣ·ȫûпӭĳ 
ЦӨһľ룬ѾǺһأǺ˵Ųŵֱۣͦͦ㵹 
ոƴѧʿĻȥ̶ĻͲôѿʱѾˡңɢڷ˵ϻɢڿġءҩһƣҲˡ 
š֨һƿһӴҡڵ˽ƴѧʿѾԺʮˣҾܶ֡ 
ЦӨ΢Цлλ֣Ѹմ 
ƴѧʿл·ƽεǽӦ¡ӵСϣһ֡ 
ԭѱǽ½ɱ֮ɱơŸµİʮ˵ã¾塣ЦӨϵЦȫûһ˿Ӧ 
ƹֵҵǷү֮ƴѧʿʲôԸδˣĳԸΪЧ͡ 
үһսɽ޼ɣãۿڽɽѾСЦӨеϺʣҴ˲ļüãع˶࣬ԾһССٲģԸսԭ 
΢ЦƴѧʿʶʱΪܣҴ£ǽ˹ܲţҲܣ͢񣬶޹أ˵Щǰ׷ˡ 
ЦӨ𣺡뵱꣬Ԫ˧𣬽ɾӢ֮ʦƽʮǺεȵ׳٣һۣ˲أΪ˭˵Ҵ£뽭޹أ 
һۣҲгɣʮս򣬵Žû䣬ֺοࣿЦЦүʿƴѧʿ˲ģүϲڽɵʿ硭 
͡ЦӨָϨ˵ƻ𣺡¶л̫ǳˡ 



ʮ ֬ 

Ƕѧʿƴ˹Ȼۼֿ졣Ȼ˷ʩһҲЦЦ˲żͷĹɽأҲЧһغϣǲǿƽˣ 
ЦӨüҲ뺦㻹ȥɡүԪ˧ڻȪ·ϵźһȥǰʣǧ﹦кдˡ 
ЦƴѧʿȻǿ˿ƾһ仰ǲǿԲ²ƴѧʿҪүˣ 
һЦӨֱߵ򣬻Σӳϵһɫӣĵùǽ㳤ɫۡ 
΢΢һΣæЦӨתʱסŲ΢Ц䣺ƴѧʿһź㰡 
ЦӨб㾿˭Ҳ֪Ƕʶ֮ˡ 
Ƶ˶ΪҽƣΪɱ֣мһɱ֣ʵոߡһЦһ䣺ĸաĸҹʮǰ뿪š 
㡭СϣЦӨһײӣɫ䣺Ȼ㡭 
Ҿǰϣ֣Ǹơװĸ磬֪ƾҩĻɱҵġЦűƽһҪɱҵĻóֶˣǿͬĸֵܣȻŲϳҵĴڣЩһҲӲҵ۾ 
СϣС㡭ΪʲôҪЦӨҧҧΪʲôҪֵɱ 
ЦֵűЩ۸ʱҺﲻųϣ˸ϳʱ磬һͷʱ 
֪˺ܶ࣬Сϣ㡭ЦӨ۽ᣬ΢´ϧͬĸĵܵʧȥ䣬һֱҲûˣڣǰʹǰ£ģǲ˸еġ 
Сʱϲ߲㣬Ҳۿҡ˵С֣˵ҲվһΪٻұһ㲻ϣҲ׽㡣˵úίֻǸӣԼΪʲôᱻӣΪĸǼŮԣǾͲţΪŵˣ 
ңֻǡЦӨ븧ͷ밲οܵܣûеõΪһŵӸеȨ档 
ڱߣϢȻһϣһݺݵĴ̴ĸ 
㡭ҡЦӨǹײ˿Ŵӣķıһء 
磬ô꣬ÿζμɱ㣬죬ڳˡƸգΪΪҺ㣬ʵҴûк޹㣬Һ޵ģֻšţҲˣүѾӦϣɱš 
ӦЦӨɴ˾ӨšơšϢţѾ˵ 
磬㰲ȥɣţӴ˳Ϊʷ΢Ц˭ǰ˺ͽңүҲΪ 
Ϊһ˽ҲҪôŭĵЦӨ仰һ˫Ÿơ 
Цװĸ磬֪۾ƯҲôҰɣָ۽ޣ͵һջַǰ˰ͣ 
硭硭һסЦӨʬ壬Ľ֮УΪʲôͻȻò᣿ 
ǰ΢΢ģˣҲеסڱѾô궼йĸоˡ 
壬ȥʶҲģ۽ǣҺӿ 
 
ΪЦӨǣΪԼҲ 
ƱۣĵĺһЦӨߡ 
һصī֭ȼգӳŸƵĲ棬ۻ¡ 
˺մȾ߲ݵī֭ž綾֬ᣡ 
ҹѧʿȫʮˣһ 
ةؿڣԺԺѧʿЦӨҾӦԺᣬ׼࣬ؿ¡ 
˵ԭʮʬѧʿڣʵֻʮʬ塣 

ˢһ죬Ծµס 
̫ү٣Ӻɷ˵¾Ҫڳеҽӱܡһ˦ϻǰ 
硭κѨ⣬Ҳҧˡ 
һ̾ݽ⿪Ѩţֻ⿪̨ѨжҷѨɡ 
мĿһۣлл㡣 
һͷݵֵð㣬˺Ϳ 
ңڡ΢΢һЦ֣ߵٵߣ硣ȥָٰ̺ܲʼն㡣 
ȴϴЦ̫үүӣžҪˣеһУصԭ㣬ӵţϾҪˡ 
һŵԵصдҴҶƶ϶ߵＸ䣬ƶɫһߵ̫үүӣżʧأסˡ 
Ϊʲô 
ڲֻׯţ˶ӥͳɽΰˣңйٱүӣҵЦӨˡƶϵҪҪȴȥæֵһٻȥټŮܡ 
Ҳá̫үĵӺõӶȥɡ 
ãжԷ䡣ƶתͷһƣڣ֪Ҫ˵ʲôϽͣЭسǣҲġ 
콣ҲðСҺһȥ 
ǡƶϿѩ֪Ҳ£۹ת֮ͳ 
֮ȥˣ书УȥҲﲻæ 
·תŻʵʦȥıߣ 
һۣŻûĵϸҾˡ 
ʦʦ£ԵͣʦôУ·һЦ˵ʦѾ˺ܶˣҿҲãɡ 
ʦͽ˵ûûˣƶûоٻȥŮټѡ书ߵЭسǣ书΢ľʹݱܣֻ³Ǳز˶ˡ 
㲻õģ֪ٻ²˳٣ǻǿЩϹȥɡ 
ĵĻͷһ٣ƶоδ£һ£ڵ磬мұ˵ʱҴһߣ㷴ˣԲòˡۣٿ٣ǳԷŵġ 
ԭЦһ㡭˵ʲô 
ҺʮпڷԷ٣ƶϵʱʮ㵹ڷƼͣ£ȥ˰æԼھ㣬үӵʱ㶼޹û赽档ϵΪ£ϣһΪأûˡʮ۾Ҳ˱޹ˣҩʯЧ 
ģζţԼʮĳޣȻҴĿꡣ 
磬һ磬㣬޴ˡƶϵүӲҺʮԱ˵£´̼㣬ԭһƬ֮ģ룬Ȼүɣôã֮ 
ǶԲٹִĲԼĳ޴䣬ҲԲҡ 
̫ү̾Ϊ޶ȢܴӦҲϸݣֻͣƳʮΨһȢ޵һðǰŸӽţܾͽչĸӡΣģɱӣҲѣ䵭ɴ˶ʹޣתϡ 



ʮ 
                   

磬ǴˣүϴգүΨһĶӣһԭģѵѵô 
ˣȻһЦżӽʧ⣬һԸұҲûҪš 
ۣ٣磬ˡת̫үүӣЩӣֻ£顣΢΢һЦ磬ȵģڣҲһȥɡ 
һ£΢¶Ѳٱģһ֣־ȴ˿ۡһ͸˳ 
̫үԾȴѲֹ 
ϣԴ΢Ц 
ڲźټˡ 

ʯ꣬ȴ赲סԽԽҵĽ 
ƾϵƺߣʮ磡ವһöɵϳŵһ˵ʺ 
ƺס֣ӲãԼһ㡣ȻĿ컺ϦڵţͬϦʱпܻȻ䡣 
زסˡһ˵Ķսõ˻˰ɣɽڣûա 
ƺһƾֵõ˰ɡϰ꣬ڵϼ˰ѵ 
ˣϺ󡣡ƾ֣Ѿսôʱ䣬Ѳ֧ûаˣ㲻 
ƺ˵ĿһۣԹˡ磬ءϻѨתͷȵõȳʮүݱڡ 
ʮ磬ſҡƾһɷף֪ĿǰΣ£ת۱᲻ƺ 
ƺǾԲ᳷˺Ͷġ 
ߣƺһٿᵶϳͷ 
ʮ磬ҾԻλʹޣðġƾɴһ˫ƯķۣŬˮ¡ 
ƺţ䣬նڵ¡ 
ʮүΪã߰ɡõһһ뿪 
ƾڻ̲סõ£ʮүȫ 
õľơţʣµɫƲƶһۣУһڵҪسš 
ƾҡͷҪڳŲʱʮүݵ֡Убǲ֮ӲʵԴս˵⼸仰Ϣ͵һſڣһѪ 
ɫһƲƣһһӰõϽӹƾطϢ 
Ϣţƾ֪Լһֱڱæµ͸֧˵ͷɫ뿪 
аõƺæлͷƾӰ֪ΪΣ»㱲ƾʧȥĸϲСܣе𱣻ΣҲûֱȴ 
ˡˡµԾľײţֳֶƻ롣 
ֵסˡ 
ʧء 
ʮү鳤ˡӥӵͨ 
սһαһο죬һαһĴѱܣƾԭ룬ܿƾıֻʣһƺ 
ۼײԽԽҲϳͷֿƺһҧڵӥڳͷ϶ϵо·õӶţõоŶ룬սõӶ 
һ¾װѩüĿսõ뼯ʱһӣһһǽͷϣһӳ˳⣬ֱ˳µоӪ 
սõգ뷭ǽ׷ȥ 
ƺӻδվȣŵӻӵӭܿƣһ˳һ仡ɨڹŵһӵоס 
սõΪֵоȻԽԽ࣬һͣӿת۱㱻˵ом䡣 
ȥƺѾҪˣɽĵо޶á 
һߣƺ̧ȥһ縳ʿϣۿϵׯׯ俪ɽ 
ֻ俪ɽĵƺҪڣ˸ɱۡ 
ҪҵĻڣãɡƺŭЦ㵱ƺʲôˣɵþõ𣿡΢תһһջء 
俪ɽĵеˣֲ֣һһ첻ȫӡˣת㣬ϱǽˣֵ㱳ĺˣ֪ŵһ֣ڵԲҵĶ֡ 
ƺ°ȴֲʾֻ𣬵ӮǴģ˵ġ 
Ҳ˵۸Сӡ俪ɽ΢΢һЦƺȰ㻹ǹԹͶĺãҶʤ㡣 
ӿսõӿسŰգпտգƣ۲ƾһǿ֧šƺҲ֪ȡʤƢҲϱоͶȵ俪ɽҪȡҵɣñүͷһһ۽ĵˣսõӣϱһţȫСɷ̰ģ˭ҪǸͶҾҵĵ¡ 
ƺͼƣ˽ԳսҲһ֧԰ܵľӣڵӶƺķߣһ˾ƺΪźϱһʱоܽ 
俪ɽǳЦƺο֪֮ʤҵģȴµʲô壿 
ҲǡƺŵҲϥġ 
ǰˣأ俪ɽЦƺⱲ¾ǳǣֻ㣬ųȻΪҶ 
Σƺŭһ棬вߵ֦Ծ˴ֱ俪ɽ 
Ǻαأ俪ɽ̾ţ˿һ˵ǰƺĽ 
ƺһҲ˵һּİ꣬һʱ޷俪ɽǰ 
Ȱ㻹ǹԹҵĻͶȻŵֻ㡣俪ɽһЦǶ˭£ 
ƺ΢һǣѱܣɫƾ뿪սõӶôµ˱ǰƲˣѵ 
֪ΪʲôҪɱõ𣿡俪ɽɫЦԽñֻʣҪˡƲ̰ƣùӦ󣬰׻մȾһǶԲԼ±֣õƶϳ飬ԣҺɫ̰ɫ˼һõġ俪ɽɫԽԽڣĲһ䣺ˣ˵ƹܰõʮݾŮӲܼɫνǴѾˣϷҲλʮ١ 
仰羪ƺͷϣ£ƾȴˣԼˣҲ᲻ƾܰίһʱתȻ뵽ƾ뿪ɫȻɫ书ƾѷƾ͸֧ɫ޷֮ģֻ¡ 
һʧȥ䱸һϣѪɽ 




ʮ 

һ¡˯ƾͻȻۣɫϣʲô𣿡 
ɫһ㶣ûа 
ôҵĻþˣȻ̫ˡƾ΢΢һЦɫϣҺûðɣ̾ոշ·ƺôܣȻ뿪ƺʲôҲ첻 
ɫͷĲӳϦ԰׵ļˮ񣬽ëţͦıǼⷺ亹İ 
Ҫ˵ˡɫӣǣңƾ㣬ﾹ˼ϧ 
ɫϣؿʹúܣʮҵѨѪܳͨ¾ɲҪˣ֪ʮѨҲⲻƹѨһҲǺõġƾؿڿ԰׵Լ𵭵κ죬ԽԵʤ£̧ͷһĨǳЦ㳤ķ۽΢΢ˮȷɣҼֲطˡ 
ɫøˣԽƾڼɽԼϡ 
ɫϣ鷳ˡƾϢţɣɫΪ˹Ѩ 
ɫȴֻǴͷ𣬰ϸĲ᳤ľ΢΢ɿ½ɼѩ˪͸ẮҪḧ 
ɫϣɫƾ֪ԼڶôΣյľء 
ֻ˳ȥƬļںܾǰѾҪȾָƺƾߣûлᣬҲҡ 
ɫϣ㡭ʲôƾƺ⣬ϲ˽ü֣ܿѨܡ 
ָһմȾؽϾ羻ļҲ뿪ɫԵĿԽԽϲҴϸӣ±㷢֣ڲҪˣҳһţһʮүֻҲ 
ʮôˣɫ㡭ƾŭ 
עҪˣԣ㻹ǹԹɣҲģôÿûɱ㡣ɫʼ´ 
ݺݵĵƾһ˫ɫҶ񣿡 
΢Цų´ɫ˫һ֣˺ѩ׵ĸ±ˮʪϣĲĴһ¡ 
㲻Ļÿ֣Ҫҡƾ΢΢Ĳţǳ۵Ĵҧò԰һƬ 
бһۣɫЦӴΪ㻹ǰʮүأת۾ˣʮѱûģǹԹҵĻȽϺá 
ƾߺ޵ĵһѵԼ·ƫûֿ 
ſѾõǰɫܿƵסԼһ˵òĻһ˹Լ· 
һκƾϻϸ壬ǵκŲӻǰһѩ׵˿ϻ 
ɫһҺؿڴţԿأ͵һѽƾѹ¡ 
ÿ졣ƾĵ˵ 
ڻɫҲ̲סһ߼·һߵѾ˺ü꣬ڵõˡ 
û𣿡ƾԶˣú𣿡 
ɫȻ͵ؾԼȷʵ̫˵㣬ϰ֮ˣϳǣ 
ĿƾҶɱûʲôȤ㷸ҵĴɣԹҡӦѾ֪˰ɣеĲǶǴĲݵķĩ̾һưǧأɫУȴһ 
ƾ಻ã۶޷ܴŴĲݣҩﵽҪ󡣴Ĳݱ޶¶߶ʹ˵Ҳһ١ 
㡭ʲôʱ򡭡ɫһоԼԽԽ죬ѾܿƣʱɫҰס 
ƾƳһɢһصȻȫֱʮѨָͷǿԶһµģĲݵķĩ´ֻҪһ´ĩͻɳɫζҶҲʲôӰ졭˵ͻȻһ 
ɫֻһףѾңҲܳκһ۶ڱһʱѪȪӿ 
һƾҪ½󣬲ɫͻȻ 
صģѹϡ 
ʹƾѹһ࣬޴ڼɽ󣬶ɫһѪֱ˹ȥ 
㻹ðɣͻȻ̽һͷ 
ƾ̧ͷһȴͣһ˫ۺɫػصĿ˰æͣǸŮӣݡ 
𲻺˼ˣƺȥˣڳһţ㣬ûܿƾ棬Ѱġͣ߹ɫʬϵ´ 
ƾ˵ʮȥˣԸõһҪסʮģһʱ嶯벻 
ͣѨҽⲻˣ˲ôȷȥǱߡ 
ֻ£ѾˡƾЦһųŷƮḶ́ǳʧصźš 

ʧˡƶƺ̣̾ĪҵҪʹ˻һˣ 
һʧеͣ񡭡һչҪš 
ƶһסֱۣЩȱ𼱣ʮʮ߸ﲻµġ 
ǣҲۼȫĻôܷģսּҪ߬ˮ 
콣ͷ㼱ҲûãǱڣҪú취뿪С 
صģ֮룬Ӧ˽һ³Ǳߵ 
ȥ콣Ṧã˱Ȼ죬Ҽһֱ˳ȥ 
ƻͷһƶϣڻǷѿֵ콣һȥҪۼͣǡ 
ƶһգȥԶˣε̾˿ 
õģ֮ϤһеѩҲȥˣ书Ӧò⡣ 
ͷƶϲķԼ˼ת˻⣺๫ӣѪʮʿڳЭأ㲻𣿡 
֮΢ЦǳʲôĻȻų컨֪ͨҡ 
๫޿ֵӣзƶ֪Ѱˣڴʱ򶨲ңѲú· 
ֻ֮΢Ц 
ףʲôƶϿųŴһɫ̻ 
ҵˣӣŹȻΣˡ֮ŵλ죬ܲסţȫÿˡ 
ƶϵѾһûԶˣҲõòˣϣٻǱжԿһ㡣 
ˣҿƴõһˮسǵĻӦûܷ㡣֮ѯʵ۹⿴ƶϡ 
һﾪˣƶϵ˵ǣȥȡˮ 
УȻٶˣôõӦѾ˳ùĺַΧ󣬲һá΢Цţ֮ڧȳ⻼㲻Ϊˡ 



ʮ  

֮ʲôˣ 
Ӷֹ޶ϲ̣ﾡߣֻħһ㣬òţȻʴ˳ǿӡ 
һ붫ڵϣ͢ҲáˣȴÿͬһʱԭһΣԭ׵ģţǼԺԲţǼԺڱԭľݵ㡣 
ȴűңڴˣˣǿ־͸ 

俪ɽׯȽţׯĵӼű˵ƺ 
俪ɽפ鿴ΣһӵׯƲƲ֪ȥˣƼҵĵȥСӰɣҲʡǵңô󣬶֪Ķ𡣡 
˵Ҳǡ俪ɽתƺ΢ЦƺǲǣҺɣԹԹ˳үţŵλȻˣο۵ɵأ 
ƺֻǱĿ 
ϣ俪ɽҡҡͷƺʶʱΪܣֺαֻ̣Ҫңүұ㱣ǣλʮ٣Ҳ˷һ·ë 
ƺǲﲻɮ 
俪ɽͷԼЦƺ㻹Ǳŭҵĺá 
ƺ͵ۣޡһһ̵ӭ˹ȥ 
俪ɽ⧲ЩУҺӦ죬æܿһʱɫڣӵץƺڵϣݺһųƺȥ 
һƺƺһѪ߰ߵˡ 
˵ʵƺҶͬҲָһ·ԼߣԹˡ俪ɽһŲȥ̤Ь׵Цƺ˵սûԹ̣ǵһܵʢɣϷҲء 
ƺһдδߺƫ俪ɽ²Ҳ˵ͣôɫӭӣòɫϣλʮ˰ɣСӣȺ£Ҳ˵ôҲۿǻıιǵһ 
뵽ƾδɫ裬ƺͼ壬ȴ޼ƿʩһʱһţ۵һѪ˳ 
ƺܵ˿ɲᰡΣûУ俪ɽЦһţתµӷԸȥƲƺɫôһǾûˣÿǴ·ء 
һ죬俪ɽһͷһɴ˫ۡ 
ʲôˣ俪ɽ֪ʲôŰּ綾ޱȣҲֽӣܡǵ⻮˸Ȧӣִ˹俪ɽѿһִһγһˢһֱϵƺ 
俪ɽòײƺο׽ߣһŽƺ߷ȵҰˡ 
ƺֱ˳ȥƺһ˿Ѿסƺһ˿ϡ 
һϾ΢˿һϣַɳ 
ֻ俪ɽļɽվһŮȹüĿ㣬ţ񻣬ʮɫȴʮֵ浾̲סϲ 
ƺűߡ 
һСɵɫ̽βһɫ˿һƺϣһһš 
ͷվһˣ԰׶ݣ޷ɢңòȴ鱦ƾѨδ⿪ֻʣңվҲվȣȴǽ˿Ϸɡ 
ߣվ֪̫ͣǳóȻֻƾߣһַһź˫ 
㡭ͣŮݣָôҲţ㡭ôЩһˣ 
ŮȻҲмֳԾĵͣôţôܣ˵߽˿˻ȥ 
Ҹһģ㻹ûɣͣ¾㣬űǸҺʹѣ㲻 
俪ɽǿʼɣ͵ӹȥһ֣ƺץУһŮ 
ŮһʱԼ֣˿ܿһƣƺȴٴ俪ɽС 
סΣ俪ɽ΢Цſƾλؾʮ˰ɣƺǹúأҪΪ㣬Ҳô׾ͱˡһѪģƺЦЦٴνŲȥĽڵš 
ƾ޲ȥƺܿ࣬ͣס嶯ǵ취 
Ҳڵǹ俪ɽĵƺͷЦǸҶҾ͸µģҶɾûȤ۾ӶָֺֽŽҲ㹻ҸϰˡõƺЦʮߣ¹ɣҳ׻ţҾͰƺ㡣 
ƺ΢ʹʧڷС 
ƾʹۣѾϲò˺Ѱʹʮ磬֪ˣģһ㱨𡣡 
áֵܡƺۣŤţһĨЦ 
ƾͦͦĵ俪ɽŵսҲģˡ 
𣿡俪ɽЦһһƺ 
ƾһһһ֣羪ףֱȡ俪ɽ 
俪ɽЦһʮ٣Ҫұȿô䣬ƺƾٿҲܿù 
ƾһȦתͷϼֱָƺͷٻѨȥ 
ʮ硭ƾһַ֣ɳ㵹 
ιû°ɣͣϽַסƾѨ֣Ѳ֧οҪƺ֣ʹʱ˹ȥ 
俪ɽһ£ͻȻתƺôæӵ 
壬㲻ĥŮ۵Ĳ졣 
俪ɽһЦ֪ҶлԼҵΪУ֪ĸֿɻڵǡ 
Ůй깫ҲǽպյĴ壬ֻǽʮ׿Խӵ֧ͥҵ䣬Ͼڣ俪ɽ˺͹ٸ˽ͨϢҽڽҹµĹ޺͹ҹ£Ź칫ҵһͬΧš 
޳ܣٲԸҲøֵЦ߷ߵս˿ССĻС档 
ͣ񣡡øϵ£˿̧ͷȴվ俪ɽߣǾ棺ô 
Ҳö˵ʲôֻ̾˿ 
˭콣ƾ𽻸ѩͣʵŵ˰ɣ 
ƺͣһƾѩΪѨôֻˣţƶأ 
ƶں档콣΢΢һЦһ̿ɲôϣսҪһˡ 
طˣŴӽտʼֻǽһȥĴˡ俪ɽֻׯп쵶šҡԼΪԼʤ𣿡 
˼ǣѾʤȯôһЦ𣬽ƶϵڵӣ׼ 
ʮŵһſȥ俪ɽ˶ΧлִͲִˮͲ׼ˡ 
׼ҵĻҩһˮŶˮĺƶɵĻҲµһ֣ǣӦѾ˵˰ɣƶϻ˹֮վߣ΢Цʲô¶һ㡣 




ʮ 
                  Χ 

˲ת俪ɽŵİȴް־⣬һЦʵƶϣٿˣ 
ƶУĿһʣŲʹ˰ݵġ 
Ҳãֱġ俪ɽһƱܣѵӳôΪо綾ͿŤת档˫һģͻȻ˳ǰִƣŽΧģŵ࿹ 
ԭ㵹бƶһغȵ䣡 
ֻͬʱ֣ˮѷк֮Ʋܵױʱ˴롣 
ƶۿ俪ɽŻʵʵׯŰɻкλ֮ 
ǰңյϷ۽硣俪ɽɬȻһЦҵıԸŰҲþ֮ʱοսȣؾӢˣҷԶţԣʤҷ 
𣿡֮΢΢һЦׯԸһһɫնɻ 
俪ɽ΢ǿ򶨵ּȣֻˣִ֮䣬ټ֮ţ 
ֻ֮ǰȻüһЦׯٿ 
˻ƶ˵俪ɽ㲻ȥˣ֮Ӻ⣬ԭʶ俪ɽ֪ϸȻ̧ͷգֻ˷нɫ 
ٲֻһ֮˴£үֻǵƾһˣɴ˴£ʴ˻Ļ˲ݣȦףרΪնϹ֮Ĺ˶Ц硣 
аǿԮ俪ɽٴ⣬ƶϵѹŽȸ𣬹Ȼ˱һֵƺ 
ׯӽƺ˳ȫѪģͷףƶʵ޷νȥ˻緢ŵһƺ 
ʮ磡ƾѩİѾ⿪Ѩ콣־Ҫȥ 
ƶұһ죬£ʮ߸磬԰꣬ȷǾʮ𣿡 
пܻϴκˣԲϴʮ硣ƾ뵽ƺĥȦʱˣ΢ȴ־ǿĲʾ 
ƾò㾲ţ¶޲ϧǻƶ֪ƺãģֻסͷʾο 
ƶһֱҲû˵ϻƣԼȫǣϴû˼ɬɬĲ 
콣ɫ΢䣬˹ʵСôˣ 
ˡǳǳһЦü΢ҲȷʵˣһֱҪôƶһֱۣܲԼһֻɣֻƶҲǲҪģοƶ϶ԣȫûκͰ 
콣΢Цƶϣ 
ͷ޿κεĵǷģұ벹Լ֣СϣԼֱ۶ϵ 
Ҫκβ𣿡콣̿࣬οƶһֱ㼫ãԸһֱۣҲϼˣʲôԲ˵ΪǾͰ׷һƬ˼ˡ 
ãȻãʵ˵᲻ң̫±çźһֱֻ۵ġ 
̫࣬ҿ̫ǸΣԲǱܿ㡣콣ͷΣջûȥأͿʼͷɥˣ 
ǿһЦŬԼٶ룬ƶϵķ 
ֻƶϵׯʮұ֤Ǻ뿪ţҪЮţȴܣ֪һ֮ϣأҲҶ˵˰ɣ 
俪ɽЦһôҪʮүӦúԣӦúүԣ 
ƶϳĵԹˣ͢ܣڽɽͣʺ˳Ƴҵȴж˷ԭΪЧͣؿǹ٣ 
˵һ첻俪ɽŭƿСֶЩô 
һƲƶϵ֪ɷΪΪмĿһ俪ɽֻүӣҲǵ̨ʱ˰ɣҿ㻹Ѱɽ׵ЩΪˡ 
俪ɽһݣ뵽Щʱ͢Ȼ䶯֮ʵһͣݺԪ˧δضؿΪʣԪ˧ֱȻὫնӭأؿԣʲôı䶯ǻӰ쵽ˣɴ߻£ֻĲȣԣҴõİ취Цһĵĵ񾡣أ߹롣ؿ붮ׯܲ᲻ɣ 
΢΢һȻ֮˼ؿ򣬶ؿ룬ҲǱ˵Ǹ˭֮Ѿ˵ؿλһ֮£֮ϣָʹؿˣȻ֮ϵǸˡ 
ն۹ĸڣ֮ƣȴ˭λˣ۲ɹ飬ɲ 
ְµؿ룬ǹ֮Ĭؿ׳£ѹֽдԣ˵սĹԱⲻ⡣ֻһˣ͸֮ʱˡ˼ˣ俪ɽԥܱ֤ôһȹ̣ 
ׯһӴҴԺ󼷵ߣС˵˼䣬俪ɽһʱɫ䡣 
ƶһЦ俪ɽȰʹ˰֣ʮΧŵʣҿȷһӣִԲž֮ء 
֮俪ɽɫѱ䣬֪ƿ֮УһĨЦ⣬תԶվŵƺ콣Ȼ֡ 
˼ƶϣûע⵽ľٶ콣ȴˣЦЦԱһָ֪¸Լ˽˵һͷƵСҹȥһ¡ 
뿪ס콣һͷʱȴѩ 
콣ȥѩǵĿƻδȶ㲻Ҫߡ 
İɣ磬ܵҵĳɲǳصġ콣֮ʲôҪĺ˵Խҹȥһ¡ 
ѩȥ 
磬ֻһȥʲô뱻֪Ҫ˵콣֪ԼģЦֹסӵ磬ѾСˣʵڲΪ˲ģױม 
εһЦѩյ籾ѾˡðɣȥʲôҪ˵Ϊأ㻹һȽϺá 
֪콣ץסڼձߵĴ֣΢ЦŲأǺ콣˶ѡ 
ıӰ뿪ѩɬһЦǰѾˣҲˣҲҲʱˡ 
ʱ򣬸ûɣȥˡ 
ôã˽Ľ豨Ϊߣֻ᲻ѣ᲻ĽӴΣյᣬ᲻Թ콭᲻á 
ֻǣ᲻뿪ҡ 
콣̲߳סͷһ۸磬ܾƺЩ֣˵ 
ֻ̫˰ɣѩԼҽţȴΪ۹˶ı˺Ρ 
𣿻˵ʲôĵˣ 
߱ѩǷʲôΪѵ²ϸһͷײ֮ϽסŲʵ£ 
Ҫ˵ɵõʲô¶֪˭Ҳ˵֮صһЦӦұ㲻ˡ 
콣Ĵ𣬵ͷӦãҴӦ㡣 



ʮ ̸ 

俪ɽеƶϣ뵽ոյõϢ˵һǱŵİԼոҲʶˣ˵ʱоųɰգƶϳֺֻʣңټΧĻĳҲˡ 
˵᲻ƣ쵶ʡǸˣο俪ɽһ𹥴ҲΪӺϲŵϵ˽ͨϢ֪ŽңŻֳɱˡ 
俪ɽδγд˻ɣ֮ǷӰؿ뵹̨ǻֵúƴһ 
һۣ΢΢һͷмƽϡ˶ǱƲͬΧţȻϣʹ˰ս 
˵ٱҪԿЩʹ綾ĸ֣ǵԼϡ㿴ܱŲ鸡·ƮɫѾãӶԿˣſ⣿ٱڣֽȴҲûж࿿סмƲһ´ָָһȺȷݲĹٱΧмܱ 
俪ɽҲʡ쵶ųףоӢţȴǴĲˡ 
ҲׯҲǹ˽Թҹҳһ£ԻڹٸͷϣһһԼ׿ڳŵ̫ʧҽ֣˼ʾ͵Ҫׯæһˡ 
ĸ俪ɽϽжΣ˵ǶǴˣЩ²˽⣬ܱøˡܱߵܱ㿴Ӧôźã 
ܱǸججˣӵȹϵؿŷĴôȱֻԺ֣ﶮЩ֮俪ɽҲûô£ӻֵǺˡ 
俪ɽҪ˱Ȼڵˣ˵ͳοҲԼ˱֣պؿԼ׵ˡ 
ܱ俪ɽͼ˵ڳⲼ˷Ƿм䣬ֻлĻǾͺõˡָһָվƶϵо綾ҩɾȣЩç֮˵νǴнǰ̣˴ˡ 
գܱһĴְ䲻ãŵİҲжţ俪ɽ˵ɷн£¡ 
ǣׯ˵ô죿ܱۼŵִͲȶһոҲʶŻˣֻŵϲ˶ĿԸ֮˼ˣҿҲ̰ˣҪ͸ɴȳ˰ɣԺеǻԸšο 
ʲô俪ɽƻк󻰣Ͻ׷ʡ 
ܱԭ˵οүֻ˵ѵһţûҪһټ˼±ָ̰ʤԺ㲻ٻЩΪԼЧˣ˸Ŀڵοһţָձ磬Ǹɣ 
俪ɽȵľ仰ֲϾʹʾԼӲţֵܱʹ˳ֻСˡ 
˵ӦΣ 
俪ɽ޵ȮӳӦұʶ٣ڴˣҪ˱ҲǰֽǴòǡ 
վƶߣ𣿡 
ƶϵˡɫƽ糣ȫӰ죬ɱ׵ֺԼӲʶġ 
ʲôˣͣĿ˹Ҫ˱𣿡 
ƵͷǴ˱ˣҪŽɱ׵֡ 
ףͣʵǸҳ𣿡ûиصֱЭسǣ˲֪顣 
ߵٻ 
ܣǸʱһϴ衣ͣ񲻿ţǲΪ˱Ͱ޹Ƴȥ 
ƶϴ΢΢һЦҲ⣬һã˵ٻ¡ 
۵ˣ֮߹ƶϡ 
ѾҪ˱ˣҪǽɱ׵֡ƶϳһµһڷĻֻǻ߳ŭʱֻ¾ͷսˡ 
֮ɱ˵ǵҪԭҲݡ 
ٻˣɽǴãƶƹãٻɱˣ³򣬵˼ˣȻǵýֻǣٻ俪ɽãֻǶŵĺ 
ƶϡ俪ɽߵǰƶ϶ǿ˱ҪǽɱҶӵ֣Ȼǿɾͽƺִˡ 
ƺٻƶ϶ԣһ˶俪ɽţҪźã 
ƵĵĿɫԽԽף֪ƱأͿൽڣһҲûǣֻ֧Ųסˣ 
ƶ΢΢һ֣ܿǲСֹˣҲˣƫǿҲϺúϢһ£Ҫƶô죿 
Ļƶ΢΢һתҲˣعңûʲôµġׯҪǽɱ׵֣û⣬ǷҲԽɱô໤ǵӵ 
俪ɽдһʣòȻŭȵ֪ϷӣѰӵܲͬ 
ĸһʲôͬƶЦɣȻһҪʮǼһ 
俪ɽŭĿȵƶϣҪΪϷ㣬ԹԽֽգϷҪˡ 
ƾʮţֽˣȻֻʮǿǺã 
ǱᣬҲԸΪУׯǴҵİΣ˽𣿡 
һ俪ɽץƺǺãҿɾͰִȥˡ 
ʮ硣ƾһһһѾк˳ȥ 
俪ɽһκʱһһ첢ϤԱֵæң׼һ߳һһʣΪһȫ֣Ὣƾһһϣƾ˲ͬƺ֮ѰҸΪƵģ쳣俪ɽһûҲһ 
ƾȻδϣҲЩַɳ֪Уƺ俪ɽУܲȣתȦٴδ俪ɽ 
Сӣ֪俪ɽܿƣгһƫбȶб˵ 
ڲͻȻһʴշɾ俪ɽ֪ǹԼֻ֣ǰǲʴһһסƺ 
俪ɽ㽫ƺԼҲȫӦƾͻȻƵĹϵɣ۽ƺ´֡ 
ƾֺ͹ƺͷ俪ɽ֮Уĳס޷롣 
ЦһֲʴӳһȴǴ˸̽һߣ俪ɽץƺࡣ 
ǸʲôͺʡǶ˶Ҳ֪ð˭ 
̽бָ俪ɽߣƾҲҰ俪ɽץŸƺҪͬʱӦˣʵ㣬ѣֻ÷ֶƺ 
ֲʴһȦƺ¡ƾҲƲ俪ɽˣֱȡ 



ʮ 
                  ˱ 

㽲ŭǷܿƾĹƺߡ 
ƾҲ֪Լ±çðʧ΢ﱧƺͷʾԼĸм 
俪ɽŭȵѾͷȻ⡣һ˹ȥ 
ڹٸУԸͻܿʴߣһɻ״ػһն̽бָׯˣο໹Ҫǿѵûˣѵӵ˵ͿνҪ׷ֻǷŸࡣ 
俪ɽĻֻǲЦʲƷҪԸǻΧڲţһպҲ׷ 
ˣһʿɿԳ˽ܱС˵˼仰 
ܱϱɫʣɿȷˣ 
شˣС濴ˣȷʵǽʿλڳ⣬Ŵȥ 
ܱȵ俪ɽ㵽׺˵ûУҿҪˡеңе¡ 
俪ɽ̲סĻʲô 
ƶܱĻһȥס֣ľȻǺˮǵĿһۣʵ㻹ðɣ˿ǲʹˣ 
΢΢һҡͷƶϿ俪ɽЦׯҪܱһ뿪أŵʢ 
俪ɽôһ˵عͷȥǼ˵ķӦԲ˵ʡҲԥ֮ɫֻһ˵ı飬ǱƶһԸ²ǣУʧСģûʲôˡ 
΢Цׯ񳷱򣬼ȻܱҲ޳ɳҿҪ˵ӻȥϷֳˡ 
俪ɽܱѼŻŴȥ´ɻ󣬹ٱȥšҡׯҲһս֮ǵķò費ٸʩӵѹſϺٱһȥֻǱҪﷴˡ 
˼֮£ִȥôԸ⣬Ҳɲˡ 
ǻɣܱǵõʲôϢʲôˣ˵߾ߡ 
ܱȥȻһЦƶϱȭλʹ˱Ҫֻҹһ˱ǡתƵ﹫ӣҸ飬һʱϷԣ빫Ӳطϣһ£Ҳᡣ޸̷ҡ 
˵һӣŹҵ˽ܱ뿪һߣҲú俪ɽкԼҴҶȥ 
俪ɽ̾һ֪ˣһͲҪܱ£˻Ҿ⣬ʲôæﲻϡ 
Ⱥÿ죬˵ø죬糱ˮ䣬תۼߵøɸɾ 
̧֮ͷһѾҺһƬգٿһʣһƬǼЦƶϵˣȻϷֻƭǶá 
˵зԭƭǵģ콣һתЦסû´ĻòѪʮһ˳ǣȻƭ˰ɣ 
ЦŴ˸ָ֮Ȼû㣬ʵһʼҾͲµſܻزסģԲŻЭسǡԽôãӣӦûúܺˡ 
콣ͷ͵Цû뵽Ȥ¡ 
Ϊ֮գգۣЦϲΪ 
ƶϼоߣǿ֧ŵһʱйˣֱͦͦĵȥһֱվߣ״󾪣æһѽס 
ȥϢɣһֱۣʧѪ̫࣬һ춼ûϢδҲˡ֮ӻһֻƿƣЦȥɣˮȥ 
ƵֽӹŽƶϸڱϣͣҡ¿ȴ֪ͣȥʲôطˡ 
ʲôˣʮ壡һӰٿ˹ֱơ 
һȻֺֿݣԭױֻܹƶϣж㣬ֲ֪źˣˡ 
ѩĵѱţ۱㵲ۿһҪۡ 
ǲ滮һƬ 
Ҳգ͵ǻƶһֱۣǷģǷŵġ 
һбɶڵϣ콣۱Ƚȵ޳ܣȻ͵ʩ㡣 
֮һ£üĿ续ǸԼʮСһѩ׹һƱӵܿ콣ĳбơ 
콣üͷһ壬òȦִյ󣬱֡ 
ֶס֡Խһ߰⽣Ӱ콣ĳ˵ 
콣һ֪ƾֶԽԽûòˣɶԿ˳֣ 
Сུʮ壬˼˵ų£ԴҴҸϻһؼҾͼʮ˵ģһʶ˱ţȻǻˡ 
ƾͷ˼ҵǸ 
С˵ƺ콣һȭλ磬Բ̫嶯ˣǿôɰҲ˼ģԲԣ 
ЦһŷۺƻһʺѣɰԼƤСã˲𱸡 
ƾֶŮһ֣үӻģС軵ˡ﹫ӣҪͰȥϢ𣿡 
һֱ˼㱣һѣԼƶϣӦãȥ 
콣ƾ΢Ц⣬ﻳǷƶϺпһƾȿʵֶһȥģôֻһ˻ 
ƋһЦ岻֪˸˸ͷȻĻЩʿһһ㶵ģų˱ԼȻҪȥ̽һϢ 
ͷݽܽͷұ֮Ц˵žǧǧ棬Ȼ鴫 
ǲǾλųǧƾ콣Ϊ˵ΰ죬̽ȡ鱨ýĶ͵Ϯ޷֣ͷʹȴ޿κΡ 
Ƌ٣ϾСԣ壬ǿģЦĵıɺأŲֻǻһѡӷֶΣǧֹһҶҲƯ 
ϧԵһ棬δʶ콣кɫ֮Цͷлŵġ 
콣ЦЦŵӴս˹ȥҲ֪˵Щʲôѩֻǳָ££Щɢҵͷ 
Ǻټֵ顣֮Цƾ˵𣿡 
ƾһ㵣üĿԼ־ţһЦֵ֮䣬ԭð㡣 
֮üһۣ΢ЦǰƺͺѰոƺܵʱ㿴š 
³Ľë۵һƬӰ֣ƾʮһ𳤴󣬶Ҷ෽չˣҲ׸翴һʱ鼱๫㿴Цˡ 
ֵĽЦأ֮ոյһԼȥȡƺİȫǰɣ 
ǵȻƾڶ˲ǺϽƫͷȥĲǹͶ 
ʮ϶ġƋסƾֵˣʮأ˵ҵһƫ۾ˡ 
ƾɫһ䣬֮ҲηӦ 
ֶʮƾҧҧӺɽɽˤȥѾȥʬˣҲûҵ 



70 

Ƌֵ͵͵ľһʵʮɩأǺģˣôûʮɩòǡ 
˫ֽգƾæסͷοʮɩүǻںɽʮ塣 
ȥɽƋǼӣתܡ 
ǰһһҷɢûӣһЦںţһһһǰһһÿһҪǰˣȴÿһζ 
ƾֻһۣɫƲơ 
֮΢΢һЦƲƣͶͲ֪ȥˣ벻Ȼ·ײһ𡣡 
׷ƲƵ·ԣƲ棬һƲϴȥÿһȴ˼ֺƲƾűӣǱ 
콣һѩ䣬Сʵ磬ҵĽȲ٣ 
ҲͺͶŻ࣬⻹ûʲô飬Գƽ֣·ĽڶŻҲûӮѩǸ֮Ȼûô֣书ѵκλ硣 
΢΢һЦ콣磬ʲôʱ뿪ţ 
ɣûʲôҪǰæģߡѩһۣʵô᲻ߣ콣ΪͶƻƶһ첲ŲƽϣԼҲϾʹȥģԣѩܵôһʣֻգơ 
콣Цץסֱҡҡ磬Ҹ첲һֻ᲻̫鷳 
ɵӣúõ˵ЩĻʲôѩڵֳӳ۰׵ļգ콣һЦĥţСè 
Ʋƶ·Ľһбб콣·Ƴ۾һ䣬ƹ콣׷˹Ʋ﷢ţ¶ʱȴպ·Ľ⣬һ˳콣ȥ 
һ±·书ߣȴ㣬һʱֽţҲս콣ȫ޷Ӧ 
ҹȻһ磬ӳ콣 
ѩˮ 
һɴбס·ĳѩɫˮ콣û°ɣ 
ģ콣һëû١콣Цת˳ĵϣűѨƲơ 
·Ҳ֪Լ̫⣬Щ콣æ˽Цû±ãҴˣԲ𡣡 
΢΢һҡͷ콣ʵţ뿪أ 
·δ⣬һµһûоʦδˡ 
ʦȻ뿪ˣֲŵˣʲô콣ЦҿʦǻԽ󣬾ǻؾɽ 
ҵȻʦһ𡣡·ԥ˵ 
ŵˣֻүûôױ뿪콣ת磬ҶӶˡ 
û뵽ͻȻðôһ仰·΢΢һԼҲӿտա 
ѩûκεĵҳԵģҪȥûʲôԵİɡ 
˼Һµ˹ͣλһδףӦѼͣԸղѾɩɩǱ˾Ʋˣǰõ㷹 
ˮ콣͵ػͷٻޱվһ˫ڵ鶢⼸仰ƹ˵ġ 
ѵԼѾ쵽·˽֪ĵزˣ콣εЦЦлˡ 
ٻĿһۣϸһЦݣȴ΢硣 
һֱڻԲѵƶϴߣҲ֣ɮ붨ֱ콣һ̷Գ˼оѡ 
һҲûԶˣҪչƶϣҲԼſչɣ콣ѷȴֻǴĶŲ 
̾Ϣһ콣Ƕ֪㲻ǹģҲ֪ûҪԼ塣 
ǲǹģǷһֱۡҧס´ûԼԼʧȥһֱۻĸоڣԼʧȥֱۣҲùԼһӶ޷ƶϡ 
콣Ȼ֪һ˵ʧȥһֱֻʲôζοһеٮٮߣŰٷϴˣҪʱûƴ١ƾ壬ƺ¶ıпܽһְģƶϣһֵֻƶϣǷؽţ 
վŵϣߵǰˮϴأ͵һ콣Ѿˡ 
һֱۣ콣֪룬⿪Ц 
һ 
ʲô콣һҲ˲϶룬䳤ԷԼϱۡ 
ƻһתѵƶϴǰֺǰ˵Ҫһֱ۵˼ҪԼֿ 
콣һ˵ȻһȴǲаиʵǴҪʲô 
֪Լƶ˯ҲüģһΪһֱֻۣһһֱߣҪؽҲã뿪ҲãҶߣչΪҪ£ֱҾԼİ뿪ǴΪֹ 
һӶ޷İ뿪أ콣ٿƶϣڤڤУעҪһ𡣴˼֮ʼеһз·˽ֻ֣ 
һӶϴҵھΣҾͰҵһƿ콣֪ΪʲôҪô𣿡 
콣΢΢һüЦѾˣͣܲһ°ɣȥ 
ƱȭһҾأһжˡ 
콣ֱ۵һͣѾͷԼӿһкη 
ʵֻͣ𣿡 
콣һЦ¶ССЦУʵҲӣѵ㲻ɣ 
Ȼóǹܿ⣬ҲƶӣУҲ֪Թǰˣӡ 
콣ľͻȻСһ߰ɣҪƶϣΪҪ㣬ΪҪ㿳һֱۡ 
֪㲻Ȱˡưѱѹãָƶɢҵķһˮ£ߡ 
콣ε̾һðɣҪչҲܲԲȣֻǶɵɣֻµѹȴˣǷҪչ㣿 
˵ﻰ˰ĳƶȥθҲظ˼֣ЦŶãͳԡƶϻûԷæ콣ܲ鷳ȥ˵һ£ǰһ࣬ƶ˺øԡ 
콣Цбۿѽ벻õҴүȻѧˣƶϣǲ򵥡 
ƺԼƶϸȻȴ֪ΪΣйƵģݲ˵ԼЩˡ 
콣ֵط˯ܲһҹɣ 
ҪѹƲ˷Ļش 
ˣú콣ЦƿţֻͷСıˡƵϽһѹ˷š 



71 
                  Źջ 

ҹһĨӰԼķ䣬·شãֻصԼǰǰ̨ܲͤ¥԰ˮ鿳̾һƵطҲ̫˰ɣ 
¹ϴӳ۽ϡɼЩ΢βƣȴԵ㣬ǶŻüĿϵİ֪ԼΪʲôȥֻܻصԭء 
ҲͻȻһ죬ŻתͷȥûӦ˹· 
һӰг𣬰һתۣĵڲԶһͤķϣ֪ΪΣӰȥ¼š 
Ż֪˭Ѿ˺뿪ط 
Ӱһһ䣬û뻨УŻͤӷͣС̽˵٣ 
һֻ֪̾תۣӰԶ˻ԣŻϣһأһŴӭͷ£˼ְνҲö׹Ƕֻˡ 
ЩŵüÿһΣȻİֱ˻ǰ 
յվŻҧԼ޷뿪 
뿪ڰУƵƮһĨЦ 
һɤԼϤˣָʾ꣬˶𣿡 
ڰ˻ִ߳һյ̨λƵһŹ⣬ӳ͵͵Ŀڣʦһ뿪𣿡 
ŻɫƸ˼֣Ҫ̧ͷ죬ɫ䣬һ׸裬ֱǧꡣ 
һұ¶ϡ 
ССľ;Ҫι̣Ҫϴ裬Ҫ򲼣һѲ߰ĲŬѳСȾһЩƫƤöãְ 
ǸʱģĶҸۡ 
̲סģſֱ۱˹ȥʦܴɣûܺúõչ㡣 
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