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Сڿޡ 

СѾҭҭؿһҹ 

СɱǸ޵ĺӣԴӰʱһϵ֮Сɾͺᣬǰ۵ĶĹ˵ʱûпޡ 



ڣȴֹסᡣ 

ˣǿԭ֮һ 

־壬˿ֵɡ 

ޣΪ˽ȡ 

ޣΪ־δ֪ˡ 





Ѿˡ 

ĵ˽СɵϣС˿ů 

ȣȻ塣 

С˼ 

Сɻڿޡ 

ƺѾɣɻֹס 

ôã𣿡һ䲻˿ůʻСһ 

һԴӴ˳һƵֻ۾ݵԵرĴЩˡҲӿտյعϻεǲϣȳСɻҪᡣ 



Сɣ۾ն¶һ˿ 

ǻһ˿飺 

ûõġΨһõģҪסĻԲΥ 

СĨĨ۾ϵˮ˵ʱ򣬴Ѿˡ 







㲻֪Լôôط 

ȡ 

˲ȴּηĵط 

˷Ĺļ㣻 

˽ȣ׵˶֮ 

㲻һף˾ͺһ¸ңΪ飬Ϊȫ 

ǣսȣΪѺһţһһƾɵС 

ϵ˿ڻʹղһֱŲСڷʹ 

ͻȻɺԵ촽еһ˿⣬һߵˮȥɺԵɤڱһ˲䣬ϵʹ 



̧ͷԼˮģһԼʮߡˡ 

ƵҵͷɫĴֲӣô۾Ű㣬ȴһ˿ 

ҪסǾԲΥġ 

ޣһѪ̵˵ϣղŵһмȫΪӺ 

ųĵСǾԲģԲǸʲôƨ 

̫ǣ˿ڣһҵĿԡ 

̧ͷʱǸѾˡ 







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ȡ 

û˷ĵط 

û˷µĵط 

ΪĲҵ 

Ϊĵط 

Ĳèӥ 

ˣƯˣ 

˵飬ʧĳһӵ 

˵޳ȤҲᳬһ£ 

˵ײжùĳﱻʱУ 

˵µģѪһв죬 

һˣȴû˸ǵһˡ 

û˸Ҷ˵֣ʵҲҡ 

ΪӴΪĸɵй 

ϣȨһУ 

ͷΡ 





ȰˣСȴûмµˡ 

ĳڶ࣬˵һСѩ꣬Сûһ߲Ųʡ 

С˵һˡ 





ʮ³ߡ 

ǽеĴӡ 

Ϊ 

еĳȻСɣȫȥμᡣ 

Сɵһμ˴˵е 

ԭ⣬ԭɷԭǸͷӡ 

ԭԭúӢ 

§һɫ꣬ӦþóѩСɲԽͷǶԼһȣ糾ࡣ 

˼ʮŴѩһ⣬˶Χһ 

Сġʮ֮ࡣ 

ַǳƵġףٵģС 

һƬЦУ׿ڲѩһھƣѩˣһ 

˵Ŀ⣬ͶѩϼʵĿ⡣ 

СɱɫһĻߺתͷȥȴзְǰʱǸˡ 

е˶һֻһСԡ 

ؾ׽ʳ﷢һж޶á 

ԣ·һεǽһƬ 

֪ΪʲôСͻȻһ˵ĳ嶯 

ӻûзӦСѾԼλߵ˵Աߡ 

ˣ㻹ǵҽ½ɣʲôСʵ 

ͷҲûֻ̧һһھ׽ʳҲûСһۡ 

ôֻСûзǰ˵̬ȣԵĶע϶Ǵ⡢ϣֻһ룬ֱ 



˻ûлش 

ι˵ѽϸ˵ģ𣿡 

ɵͷֻΣھ׽У³֣߿ 

ƨɵζܣСЩػصԼλһŹǷŽߣҾͲţƱŹǻóԣ 



߳Сɱ͵˵ı飬ֻʼձŸղŵٶȣǿֿأСɾŹǺҲûζ 



ľ׽УͻȻһ٣Ȼ󻺻ؽֻ˳СؿǻҰıһ鲻޺죬ûз׵ĴϣҲȾһƬʺ졣 



˿˿ĵֲȥϵѪŻ 

ƺ̧̧ͷһ˿Ȼͷţһ 

Сɵʲôסˣûгɣϼ˸ȣ͵͵ߵߣ㡣 

Ȼͷ˻ǿǰļȣ̧ͷСɣз·һ˿ݵ 

Įעһ˿¶ȣͬһݾͻȻӿ˸Ȫˮƺ˲䷺˹ʣ 

СĿתؿվǰȻ֪ԼһֱżȲƺܿЦ 

ǹһӱʧˣֵͷȥԾ³ղ֣߿ 

۸ԲԣСɼϵıһƬմѪǶڱô 

Сȥ˵ļ򣬡ȥܹ˵ȻǱֻҪǹԹ£۸ǣܹܻǻܵġ 



ضСɵ֣ǲɵľܾ߿ܡ 

Ǳǲǣ㲻ȥȥ˵С˵ţҪߡ 

ϾǸĺӣ֪ʱУܾˣ˵Ầ˺˺ 

Ҫȥʼƽڴһ˿ĿԱɨɨ·±ʲô˷ƵģΪҺþͲҪȥ 



ʵСɣѲǸɵĺͯóΡ 

СɱһᣬȦ죬ص£ʵΪʲôҪ㣿 

˳ĬãΪһĳ 







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ϣûóѩޣһֱδټСɡ 

۵ĿУСɱԡ£ͽ˱ҡ 

СɵĵһΡ 

ûˣͶСʲôر 

ûǰϷû󣬱˺ѵʹ࣬Сɻȥѹ 

ⲻǳңǳͷ 

С֪£˵ĿŰ 

Сɲ֪ӵڼλѹɿסҵز 

ʹ˵һ¡ 



Ƹ˵ʲô 

衭ơСãȻؿǰˣΪʱĽкЩ˻ơ 

㲻ùʳôˣ 

磿СΪ¶ͿԴЩԭ˵Ǹ¶Ŵֱˡ 

ԭơ 

˵Ǳĳ 

ô˵ģһ˫ǯסСɵ򦣬Сϵǰ 

˫֣Сͬһֻһ򵥡 

ǡǡСŵòҶ߿Ϸ¶˳ֻдֱԡˡıŴƬ춼Ѫˡҡҿԡԡøһȡ 



˵꣬С档ΣΪʹΪ־塣 

ڻ谵£顣 

Σصһ˦СɵϣСɵڴϡ 

ƾҲ 

˵꣬·˳ȥ 





ڶ죬СΪԼᱻ 

Ϊ˵˽Ϊòϱθھͱܹܶܵ˳ 

ŭԶ׼ģȻСɲ֪ԭ 

ǣСʱȴͻԼСݡ 



˼գСɵ˽ˣ㱻͸һݵ 

˶ĽСɣΪǱ͸һһȺ 

ݣСȵĵһ죬͵͵Сһƿҽҩ 

˵书ܸߣ˵ִʱɱ˲գۣСɺᡣ 

۰ԼʱСɾãһֱԼԵˣƺٵԼͷϡ 

ȻʱǸƵˡ 

ݴһơ֣ڽгΪƴɡݾȻ˸䣬ȻһüɫͼС˵ 



ԲҪӽˣԲܣ 







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ǰһʬ塣 

ƾؿŵġȴѱ塣 

ǰЩӣԼСʱ򣬻һʻ 

վûԼĻ 

Ѳٶԡ̡ĳȤ 

ԼĻۣǱӳ¶ļϡ 

ŵ£ƶӿʼԱߵǿӦõõİꡣ 

 

ûкֵĹߣڵúܳһˮϻ䣬ϵĵҲʪ͸һ󺮷紵͸˵ѣƴ˸սķ磬ȷ䡣 



˳ڼϵ··ͼֿһξ룬·Щ׼ڵʱͻȻһ 

ơ 

һתͷ˳Žߵӿȥŭ 

еúܣȻ档ӽűߵʬ壬٩ţý 

ˡƽ׵ƸΪͷȥЬӣ̬ȹǫ 

ūţĪ˦Ьӵ죬˭ҵĽţ 

űϱҧסʹ·ڣǵǸҧ˵ˣذڵȭȴҧסɿڵǸˣ 



֪ˡƴͷ𷣡 

𷣣Ǹúú÷㣡ŭЦƵ죬£ָŵϵʬ壬ͷ㽫۵Ķ͸Ҷ 



ҶרŸԹˡ 

ƴӵǰ󣺡ˣΪɡ 

㵹Ƕͦõİ֪ôԼҪģҸѡҪôңҪôѡȻҪҪƤʲô 



ĬȻΣˣˡҡ 

˵ţеǰᳶӡ 

ϵۣŪһȾ˿ۡ 

⿪˿ۣ⿪㣬ƾŹŵƣֱͦӣĿ£˿С 

ضؿƣԽԽ䡭 

ãĶ޷ӦЩżǼ˺顣ΪϸֳòֵĺΡ 

ÿһ仯һһ 

أƸеĶ˷Ӧ 

ͷڱСĿռƶֻһͳĳĺȻͷصѹ£ĶҪԼҵ˶ 



ҲֻƾǾԼﲻͣؽÿһΣضԼĺڣһŷȵҺ塣 



˶ڴ 

Ƶļ类ץסۡ 

ˣˡôǵճҺʣ۾ŵģȴǵϵʬ塣 

ĴϢƽȴƵʻһ˿Ц뱻ˡˣ 

 

ģ׵ᡣ 

Ĭ˹һͷĬĬԼĳ㣬ʣճҺУͿԼĺͥΧ 

ſڵϣβԼչ¶Լ塣 

ˣҰɡ 

ҹǿ̽ҵĴҩȴʾҧѪ˫ɵؾ³仰 

һƵСϣ 

˦仰ͷҲصˡ 

һżʹûйעҲߵ÷ڵأʹֱ 

ãƲŻѵش˳㡣 

ͬʲôҲûŸղδɵĹֻһΣźˮģһᡣ 

ᣬԶҲ 







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죬½һ 

ۣһرƯ谮ѩȲ 

ԣ걻Ѻž԰ʱ˭ûע۾ɹ̫ơ 

ҵעڵڶǸϡ 

ȻǾɫ 

Ȼմ˳ȴڲסգȻȴ 

ǳ岻۾ˣ޲ȻĶ 

Ҳסˡ 

Ƶɴ۾ĿתؿǸֱ꣬ǽԶ 

ȻȻվ԰ȥ 





Ը˰µĳﰲٺãܹ׼صԼԷСһ 

һ߽ԼСԺͿ 

ƣĲһ 

ͷȻϴˣԺϻһɾۣճϸµݵƣˡ 

վ£ջնȴ˼ᶨִţôһ˲䣬Ϊصǰǰơ 



оעԼƿ룬̻һЦݣЦ۽ǶȾһ˿⡣ 

밵̾һǰƣϾǻزˡ 

ţ뻹˹ȥϴ߳Цݣкƣôˣ 

ܹܡ΢Цǰ˹Ƹ񡣡 

һѽƷ𣬡ǾͲЩˡ 

ƺס֣˳վָỮģͷ·ʲôӹһֻֻ֪ὫԼɹ֣ȴ᲻ƿ 



ԥ䣬ƵĻѾƮ˶䣬ܹܡԺҸ㡭òáѾҪˡ 

Իˣѹʱ򣬷ѾԼĻ֫ôϸԼһֻ۰򶼿ΧסĴΣԼ 



ٴԼٴΪԼŵĺ촽 

ඥһƿƣ 

ָ򶨣Цƣ뺦ô֪ҪĹľһ 

ԼƸһξ룬ʲôҪֻҪΥҶܴӦ㣬㲻ˡ 

Ƶһ˿Σ˲䣬ָ˹ž޲ı飬ղŵЦҲˡ 

ǽƵαװͷȴһɱ 

һ˳ȣ𣿡Ƶ 

ˣ˭ 

챻ͽģǸƯкӡƵ 

Ϊʲô뿴ƣѵʶ 

ҲʶҡԴ 

ΪʲôҪҷˣûбɣǾԳȵġһ㣬̸£ָֻ˽ŷɥܹܡ 



Ƶͷҧס촽뿴һѩ׵ݣһ 

һᣬ̧ͷô취ñô 

ΪʲôҪʵѾһ˿ɬ 

 

ûлشֻǾؿ룬¶ɫһϣʹָһ룬Ҳδ¶ı顣 



ãҴӦ㣬ñ̲סڳŵȻ֪ñ֪ܵͷ 



лл㡣 



ơתȥ̲סס 

Ťͷ¶һزϣŲͬڷɫĵǳ׺ۼЩ˺ۣõҩ¶ȥ 

ղ˵ģĻһӦ㡣 

˼ 

Ǿ䡰Ժ㡱Ļһᱳѱһ᲻ϧԼһߡ 

ƿ۾ɫɷУƿֿ 

ŤͷȥΣĮȻ˵һ䣺 

ûᡣ 





ˡ 

ûᡣ 

˭Ҳ벻Ĭ仰ʱ򣬽Сɷǡ֮ƵܹܵϣĿɬ顣 

ƣԱȻƱ㵭Į 

ǣѵѾôࣿúԴ׵Ĵһ㣿 







5 



׾Ͳ鵽Ǹкӵ 

طɡ 

ʮꡣ 

ԭϡ 

ɥĸ׸ļǨƵݡ 

ǰĸס̸˫˫ʣǷӵծծץծ 

ʱݷǿǧ£׸ 

ͨݵƺûʲôϵ 

뿴еֽƬ롣 





ˡ 

طѾƧСԺס졣 

һ죬ͷ˵ĽŲһ 

СĹСǵӡҲ֪СǱƲġ 

˵ԼǱﵱСĵģǸӡ 

ڶ죬Уȹƽһ졣 

죬Ȼ⴫ͷ˵ĽŲʵ̫ˣһžзš 

ǣطɵĶ쳣΢е紵ݶ˶䡣 

ڣطɾڿ 

͵ 

طװ£⵽Ժӵĳǽǡһ̧ͷϣһԾӡ 

ԼˣһǽͷεһΣȻһֻ첲Ŭסǽϵשͷ 

ԼĶЧΪ͵Լطɱǰ˵ǱǵùЦ 

طֲ֧ӣ˵ˣǽͷá 

ˣ˭͵طЦ 

Щ޴룬۾ŵطΪЦЩڰصҡ롭 

˵ɣطǽЦ֣ҲǱİɣ㷭ˣ 

طɵ룬˵۾ˣسԼӣǳ׾ؽӷԺǽ 

㡣طһ߳ĸ첲һ߱Թôǽô 

ѽطɹ˵ûעѾǽͻȻ׹طۿҪһǡ̩ɽѹг 



û뵽˷ǽʱͦ׾ǽԺֵݣֱֻһ죬һͽطεػڻ 

˻Ľųˤ˵ϣ 

ӴůůУطɵЩȣæվصʲô 

˻վ΢΢ޱ顣 

طŬװһλңûעⲿ·ѾѪ 

ʹطɸԼʧ̬ 

ɿת˸⣬˭ˣ 

˿Լ곤 

ҽƣʮꡣ 

ʮꣿҴҲȻЩط̲סԼıӣղſ޴ӣΪǸԼͬˣû뵽Լôࡣ棬طɾ͡ 



ԽٴļһİҲεţϸǰ˶Ȼʮ꣬δѣһ龫µ񣬵ɢĹã 



ư̾˿ 

ղէȻطɷֵĻѾƽǰ֣㽻ѣô 

ôϣҲŲҪﲻĵ˵ţطɵȴ˳ 

ȻǸĺӡ롣 

طڽȵĵ죬ĵһѡ 





ôڲطɿƣסرԹ 

СԺطɾÿˡΨһܹ˵ˣÿ춼ᷭǽơƲڵʱطɾʱرʱط־ʱر졣 



Ȼÿʱ򻰶٣ȻÿСԺﶼֻطһߴ˵ͣطɻÿ۰Ͱ͵Ƶ 



طҲƴڵֻһ֣صظҪܣҪСԺӣͲΣա 

ûʲôɺԼطɶ˵ĻҲŲɡ 

ƷǽͷһЦƣҸʲôˣ 

ʲôطֽӹһּ 

ȻȲ˺һȣ 

ͷЦˣ̲סȥطɵĶ 

طɵĶƲžף˻͵ۿطɵķӦطɵעǰּϣûע⵽ƵС߳ԱߵڡҼԵķϡҾԭˡ 



Ҳ˵һԾؿطɳԡ 

طɳԱˣĨĨ죬óԡ 

Цˣ⸱Ͷ̥ӣΪûͷˡ 

ķôѳԣôȵƣã˵ţطȥסƣһƻꡣ 

˵ýƸ磬ֱҵ֣ŭ쿪˫ȴй¶顣طɵȻ֪ǲķŭ˳ֱȻšűҸôһ㣬ҲŲ磬ҽ㡭طɵһתҽƶòãƶƶ 



طɵЦţȴûзɫȻһ䡣 

ЦŽЪ 

ʵʵҺϲԼطɵͷȥƵĻǼСʱҲ£ҪԣʡԼõظ򼦸ҳԡȥˣҲļˣҶˣٳųԼˡǼ̸ҺܺãڻǻҡÿҶ᲻óԣһֻǳԺܾãΪһֻҪձǡˡ̸ҲˡҲͱСĹݡ 



岻ͣس鴤Ĵطɵıȴ˵һ䰲οĻ 

ԭЦֻǱ 

طɣЦײŶͻʵʹࣿŶٶʵεԣҹǷشоѣ 



׾ʹ࣬ŻЦ 

絶 

ƶƸ硭һֻҷɶɶﲻˡء 

ɶˡ 

Ϥغطɾȵ̧ȴƷ۾ 

Ĩȥطɵˮɶ¡ƸƸһ˺ 







6 



 

ƣصԼСݡ 

һţͿһҲԸ 

 



ŴţͷҲûأطôŻأ 

һƽҲ䵭ĻƶȴƵɫ˲ûɫ 

תͷѪɫƣȻЦˡ 

طˣУһûأ˵˵Ưô˵ѩҪƯ 

Цƴ˸սͨһڵϣ롭뱤ˡ 

ϸȻƺֵĻУŷŭ 

ˡʲôƣ˵Źڵϵƣɫʵ 

ҡҡܹܡԥţ֧˰죬һĺ˳ܹܲطɼ㣡 

طɼңǲҼطɰɣЦһڲ裬ƣôĵӰȻǰ滨Ȼˮ 



ǡƹмǰҵ⣬ܹ޹ء 

ߡһŽ߷ڵأѱ飿 

Ʊߵڵϣʹֱ 

鲻һѽϵƷԼϥϣսƵƣ˵طƯ𣿹˶˵طɽƯĳ˵ǲǣ 



˵ţϵƵ 

Ƶ۾ţھҵزɫ࡭أһɲƵķŭ˳ϥı飬۾͵ŭ𣬡ƯƨƯˣŲƯģ 



˭ 

˭ǰ˵֣ 

뿴ڵı飬һầӣ 

Ϊ 

ȻЦˡ 

ЦŭЦʵĿЦݡ 

ǺǡЦһѽƴӵ𣬴յƶߵˣƣӣҵơֻСϻƵģװ԰Եģɰ 



ƶһ£ͷһԡ 

ƵĶ䣬ƣƶǸطҲûȤҵƶƯˡ 

ƻǵͷһָȴָ 

֪ƵӲƢѾı֣ƱڻԸҼطɾֱӶ˵Ϊʲôô໨ 



㡭ô֪ģԥһ£Ȼʵ 

ٺ٣ⱤʲôҲ֪Цŷʣҵ֣ôѩĴ㲻ԣطɵĴĪطòɣ㶼±ȥˣ 



Ƶͷõ͵͵ģ˸Ŀ⡣ 

̧Ƶ˵ȥǸҵƶеطɣ 

ԣƼæµ 

һӴӣƵȥûǡȲϡȲϡҡ 



ŶζüëԴɬãƣջô 

ƻعŷԼȷֿϣƼ 

ҡҲǡƵˣ̾Ҫ¡ 

ͷܲˣץסŤӰԼĻƲûкֿϵøˡ 



㲻˵Ǳ㶪ĳôƷ 

ͻȻӴ־ʹ߳ 

Ҿ㣬ܺãҲ׷طС㲻׼˵֣ 

˵꣬ȥ 



ӱرڻȼĶŲĥĳ۵ļƵɫޣ·Ҫγˮ 



ѿؽͷƫʱĴһ 

Ծؾһ˴ϡ 

һ˶岻ɷ˵ظ³ȥƵ·̵Ĵ֣Ƴļߡ 

û°̡૵ 

ǵģݶҩͣϵ˺ֻۣǳɫӡǣȴû³ªİ̺ۡ 

ǣȥ۵˺ۣ˭µأ 

ֵѽ徭鳡οƵдָơ 

һУ緢˳ 

ãƵ۽˼ˮ 

ãȻı飬˵ҵĴȲأճҺָƵ塣 

ʹƵ䣬ʱδֵͻȻһʱ仹Ӧˡ 

ŴƵ򿪣ȴϣѾǵþ޴İƵڣʼӵء 

һУӱܵعӦĴ̼ɼҲһ 

šʹõصͺ𣬿ʼ˻سͣȻԽԽ죬ԽԽ졭 

ƾԼһ㣬ηڣȴҲӲǶ 

سУʹˮУƻعͷ 

ƿ 

ӢǿƵΨҶ 

ϣǰԵĿУΨһģǸ顣 

һ˲䣬һˮ߻䡣 

ͬڸղŵˮᣬֿࡣ 

ƽͷﴲܵԼҽĶԽԽȣȴԽԽ䡣 

ڣһɹ̵һڽˡ 





ƶƶ 

ҵƶǿƶ 

ʹŪʹҲߵطֻܲʱŻӽҧ촽©һ͵͵ʹԡ 

ҲѰǿ꣬ҲԼ 

ǣûζûһζ 

ԭǿࡣ 

ƣֻһ 

ƵĴһ˿ѪζȻְԼĴҧˣǸŤСϻ 

⣬ϵĵϺ졣 

ϣȫԼıǣе⡣ 

Уǰոձ˱ź춹ͦеֿʼʹ 

Ȼ֪ƺܾûԼ 

ûԤʾģһ͵سƵ壡 

ƾ㵵ķӦЦˣѾܾû顣 

ƣʵҲϲɡȻôԴףôẦҵû㣿 







7 



ʱѾˡ 

۾ʶЩʡ 

ֽĴʣĽһѬǶˡ 

Ǽ䳱ʪСݣ 

ǡ 

 

Ƹӣ·һӱɣµ˴ϡ 

ֻô 

Լôֻص 

ѵû 

ǰ 

Ϊʲôְص 

ӹ̣ûҲ̫飬 

ҹĳʹõĵطǸζƺϤ¶ζ 

˷ѽϵĶҩһǮֵĳϡ 

Ц 

蹫ӣҩˡһŮ˽Ƕѩ 

ǰЩɷشűһ֮ڿʮط 

Ɽˣʹúܡ 

˿ûܳıʾ 

˳ӵɶѩ˼ҩ֭ 

֪ҩ࣬Ҳġ 

οô˷ѣĵ 



ѩ΢΢תתͷ 

Ķѩһӣѩ˸񣬶ſҩ˳ȥСĵع˷š 

ƿʣڴߡ 

ƶЩ̫ˡ 

Ϥ·һˡ 

һֻź֣ḧƵƣôࡣ 

ƣôࡣ 

ôϤһ仰һǰһģһ 





ƣôࡣ 

ڳϻ֮ս 

޳ܡÿ֡ 

ﺬŷŭŬԼֵֻĳ嶯 

ɣû뵽ôɣȻԼ´ҩ 

طѾˡ 

Ȼڵһ죬ͱǰħֱռˣûһ 

˵ 

̬ 

ɫħ 

ƶгƺ 

޴򡢻ӡ 

±Źѩһһҹ 

ϸ۵ָǩ 

Ѩŷֵֽĥ 

ƻǲ 

ǿƢӲȻҲᱻݺ͵С 

ʹ¡ 

䣬¡ 

µģĶҩ 

Ϊϵ˺漣ʧ 

 

Ȼһֵĥֿʼˡ 



ѽ·ϵ˺Լ޹أ޹ı飬ȴƵơ 

š̲סһ͵͵͵һ𣬴ڽҧס촽һεѪŵĺ 

Ҳһ仰Ƶȫ񶼼еϵĴϡ 

ֻаĴ֣صк޼ֻͨϴʹ࣬ǿסֻȥĳ嶯 



ǣָֻӿֱסƵģصŪƵӳݷ͸й 

һƬңûзԼ壬ѾֶֻŤûзִֵˣѾԳЦݡ 



ȵ۽˵ʶӿȴһаָס˳ڡ 

šſƴڵش촽Ѫ졣 

ſЦ־ԡ 

һֻĨȥϵѪα̵ôأСƶֻҪԹԵ˵һ䣺ˣҰɣҾͷſ㡣 



˵ſ֣Сָȴĵطһ¡ 

Ƶһһʹõǹ£š 

ʹƻŭ񣬷ߺ޵ 

ǲϷ䰡̾еĶڻȵ׹Ө۵΢΢˵ģ㲻Ϸ 



Ľ 

ƴϵƵǰĺ㣬ؿƵĴϢˣϵСҲӹ͡ 



͵ؽţղŷŭҲʼɢ룬ҡҪҡſ 

˵ҡ㡭 

պ塣 

ʱƣѾʧǡȫѪҺ·ӿڱסĶˡӾҲҲʼѧĿΡ 



󡭡㡭 

Ȼֹдһ˿ʶƣںݺһҧ£ 

Ѫش£ǿɲ 

Ѹٵ¶Ѩ 

ĵطɿһͷ˳һ赹ϡ 







8 



졭 

Ϊʲôңû 

ˣһǿ 

һǿ߳ڣۿﺬᣬȴʼûлͷ 



졭һˣ 

ǸϵȲҶ 

ǸϺóУ 

죬̰ԹҸ˶ٺóԵģ 

ڻӻˣ½꣬Χţڡ 



ҪҪ 

ͻȻһž޴Ļ棬ܰĳ˲ɣˡҲˣֻС޽֣ҡҡ 



֡ǰ˽ģ潥ûͷҲûԼͷ﷭ţš 



Уһһӣһ̳һѰѵӣһǩ 

ҪҪ 

ȾңȾҡ 

ʶط 

ҵʹ࣬ĵѣ 

ͻȻڻеһ꽫͵קԼĻ߬εء 

ҡҡ 





ǿ꣬ȴԵ˴ 

ĳסԼĸ첲۵ڸ첲ϡ 

ۡۡп޽УۣƶҪۣƶҪۡ 

շĴһ١ 

þõע˯еգ 

Ҳǿ 

õİ취 

̷ 







ϵ˿֯ɵĽУ˳ա 

ߣƷбԼϡƵͷѱϴƺԡĵ㣬޾ɢڼͷ 



§ŻеƣִƵƵͷذ档 

źܿܺʵƱ۾ذ嶼ĻŵϤϢ糿󵭵غζ 



˵Ҫ𣿡Σƿڡ 

һЦƶΪѹ𣿡 

˵꣬ƶµĴζһһ 

Ҫ߲Ҫֻ˵㡣һطʩƶҲͷ㣡 

ƿЦҲΥ㣬ҳƺΪˣ΢ūͣ 

ǣ˵ĻһǶԵģƴԲƵĴˡ 

סת 

ƶﲻô룬ΪʲôҪͷϴһ˿ΣյĹãصСȥǧټƲҼطɣǧټٳ㣬׷𣿶ҡ˵Ӧýʲô 



ƿִţԹȥһƵľǿִš 

ȻִţΪִҪĥݲΪ 

ԶסУѵ³һ֣ˣƱڻ 

ŷԶ 

˶֪֣ 

û˸ҳƺ֡ 

ԶƽͷĻУ͵͵ĿԶҺ㣬ҡҲϲǸطɣһÿͳȣòã 



ŷԶÿɷ񣬶ĨȥƵ飬ʲôʱôˣһǰ㡣 

һ˲ˮŷԶ½ϲɣȻ̧ͷװ԰Ե˭˵Ұˣ 

ŷԶЦҧҧƱͨıͷղʲô޹ 

ƲͷԺҵŷԶ촽ݺݵȥȷʵһǳݡǣһﶼеѪȵζ 



֪䣬Ѿ˴ϣſŷԶϣ§סŷԶĲӣҧŷԶĴȻѪŷԶ۽üҶЦ⣬§סϸӣӦǣһƵ 



书ƱϾŷԶϢƳһƵˣضŷԶ˫ǯƣ١˵Ұޡ͡ҧ㡣 



ŷԶδ촽ƶҿ̲סˡǡ̫Ѿˡôأ 



ŷԶһյı飬ȴһԵߺ 

Ƭ̣Ʋ̧ͷ̵˵ҡһԡ졭㡭 

 

ŷԶƵͷҵضš 

֪ΪʲôֻҪŲεŷԶ͸еر˷ܡ 

ưԼĶһ˿©ȥŷԶӿһĪС 

һѳƣסƵĴŵȵζƻô𡭡 

·ʲôմԼϡŷԶһĨôˣ 

ƽͷŷԶţáþû㡭̫ˡ 

ûʲôһԵ˿ 

ŷԶˬʵЦ§ø֪ûʲôܱȵϻС 

ƽͷ̧ϣҵķ˿ԶֻҺòãǸطߣͳȡ 

ġŷԶƵͷҲҪҪ㣬òã 

ƻ˵ʲôȴŷԶּһᴭҪ 

ΪʲôҪŷԶаһЦҲҵСƶѽ 





ƣƳ˯ȥ 

֪˶ãУеһůбȫ 

۾ûƸеֻױֻסůǴִֻġ 

ߣŷԶϥ׵ôǸǿС 

ϥΪѩﳤ𣬲Żһʹ 

Լѩﳤģֵˡ 

Ӧã˵ġ 

һɹϥǵʹ 

ȫߣûۣۣһۣͲֹůڻеıѩ 

һ統 







9 



ʮǰ 



ƱϥͥԺĻϣ԰ķ羰 

˼µĥ֪Ǵů 

Ųûлͷ֪ǸŷԶĶħ 

һУףŷԶһôбĶħ 

ΪĥֹģͲԼϣ;ҲҪйϣħȴͻȻתԡ 

Լĵ˳ 

ԼסµԺƲ֪С󡱣 

Լõġõģ 

ĸѾͷź 

ƿɲΪͻȻķ֣ҲŷԶճԡպȡմӲòģޣ 

ţŷԶѾߵƵǰʲôأ 

̧ͷбŷԶһۣ£ 

ǰԼ˿϶Ѿ˦ƼӣţԱ񣡡 

ڣûɷˣƺҲô 

ЦЦƵͷȫˣ 

ƾؿüëȴ 

ۼδɱһ£֪ԼĶֻ֣룬ҪʲôֶζԸң 

ŷԶάű˫ϥƣȴ䱸ԼʧЦ 

Ʒϥϵ֣ʼƵѥӡ 

ĸоʱӿԺƷһ߹ȥ޲ߵǰˣ߿˫֣ 

þȫȴ˿ 

쵰ſңƼ 

ŷԶ˶٣еĺɫˣı֡ 

Ҳ˵ŷԶ磬ϵѨͬѨ 

ƶãֻ÷ŭĿݺݵصŷԶ 

ʲô˱ȵĿţЩܡǸ⡣ 

ŷԶͷƵЬֻĽű¶˳ 

ŷԶѾ׵˺ۣȻὫĶ׼˽ġ 

ûԼĿӣţ˲ΪԼ뷨 

ŵ״һ촫ȫƸеԼƮƮأһݸˮ軹Ҫ 

ϥͣůҲûõġǸħ˵ 

ƾȵؿô֪ 

ͨԺͻõġ 

ƵŷԶ˵ҲŲ飬㲻ؼʣ 

ŷԶƵɵô۾Цˣϣּעһ 





º 

ҹ 

 

ʵĵƹ£˾һ 

ˣŻе꣬ҵɶ 

ƽҧס촽Ŭ˵Լݷݳ 

ħϾǶħ 

ֻ任һѡ 

Ȼη̷ܵŷԶÿں 

޳ܵļһÿζסѨֻһڲ 

Ҫͺˣ 

ƱϾǸˣȻᣬǸлˡ 

ȻסѨ׵رȻܶȴԼӦ˳壬ʱ̰סţѵ 



һҵײƽסкеһԼ塣ȻżϢĴסԼ 

̲סҧӶˣܿԶɡأѪζڿǻŷԶĺӼˡ 

͵أŷԶ뿪Ƶ˫Һ󻬣ٴνƵ壬һУϸ룬ͬһҶۣٴαŷԶ籩ꡭ 



齥ƽϢ 

ŷԶƣŷԶ·Щһ 

ѹϣƵ壬ѲǵһΣǽ죬ŷԶȶȥƵĴ֮ʱҪ˷ܣ˷ܣе⡣ 



Ʒ·ҲеŷԶ⣬ɫħ 

ڴϣŷԶӲƵѨʼʱƻʹŷԶšԽԽ֮ƽؾͲˡ 



ǽ죬ŷԶһֲ֧ӣŭӿ 

ƶôôŷԶյƶߣЦʡ 

ޣ޳ܵļһб²ҪҵѨɫߣһҪɱ㣡ŭ 

Ŷ𣿡ŷԶһ޼ɵشЦųķ·סѨڴϵƣǣҽûеסѨѽ 



˵ţ˶֡֡Ȼˣô£տʼʱԼѨšҲԶȫԶ 



ѨڵһʱҾͽ⿪ˣһʱûбסѨŷԶЦƣŹԣСƶ 



ʲôһת 

Ϊʲô 

ԼΪʲôΪʲôû 

ƿǰΨҶˣһ絶̰㿡ʵżӲ绨Ұ㡡ƻֶΣĶ 



ƿԼ壬߲زǿ˵ĺۼʹǱǿȣҲϤŷԶÿһ֣ϰŷԶÿһ֡ 



ϰߡǸܿµĶ 

һ˲䣬Ƹеֵ 

žһˡ 







10 



ػؽϢ˲䴫 

˶֪Ǳ˽Ժ䣬ûһܹ룬ѩҲܣֻһ⡣ 

ơ 

󱾾Ǹ⣬οʧٴν˽ˣڽУǶи 



ӶֻԼ·Ŀбӡ 

ƣڽ֡ 

̧ۿȥӭģܹ롣 

ֶһӣƺҪȥʲô¡ɴܹܷΣȻɫЩƣɫƷһģ񣬿еܹܡ 



΢Цţȴûϴһƣ̹Ȼһ 

ɺã뵭ʣ 

ĬȻãܺá 

Ǿͺá뻹΢ЦЦƺЩӲһҪ죬ˡ 

˵꣬ǰߡ 

ܹܡԥţƻǽס룬㡭ûΪɣ 

Ƶ˼˵طɵ£û£ֻǶʩСͣûʲô󰭵ġ 

ŶǾͺáһ 

ƣ㲻ٵǸطˡѾйԱֻҪӵãǲҪġ 



ʲôǰһץס½˫ھҵز͡ 

ǵġеĺӣͽϴļõᣬҪһ£򡣡 

һѶеĺӣ˳ȥ 

ΪʲôΪʲôѷɶͳȣҪͳȥͺˣΪʲôҪ 

طˣ˵ôƯĳ˿ϧϵó 

УƴţУУԲУ 

ţƱͷڵϣʹ 

æƣսŷ·˵ǡôô 

ôˣƣôˣ 

ҡţƷ·˵㣬ץסۣطɣûСûСƵѾ⡣ 



ûûСûбȥƼ򣬡ƣ㲻طɵ˱ĳ谮ôôɶ 



ҡҶԲǿ̵ڻǵ״ΣҶԲԲ 

̾˿Ϊ棬ʲôֶûùѽƣҲΪ˱ԼˡţˣǱ˼ܹ㡣 



ƵָͷǶı۰򣬡ܹܣ㣬㣡֪ϴ㡭㡭ǣ㡭ٰһΡطɡطɡ͸ôˡ 



ԲƣǱҲΥ 

ͨһƹǰ˵زסͷܹܣ㣬㣬ܹܣƽʱصľ㡭 



ˡһѳס½󣬡Ա˵˵ҪطɡȻ͸£ҪطɡӦġطҪȥעȻ㡭ҸȡֻҪȥ뿪طܹҪʲôԡҪţԡ 



ʲôԣ 

̧ͷе֣̣Ƶɫһף˼ҧҧ촽طɴȡȱڣҿԡҿԸ㡭 



žһƴϣƵĻ 

סڣƣʲôӣŭΪطɣԼ 

Ʊͷһƫֻ˼ӣ¿ͷȥ㣬ܹܣȾطɣȾطɡ 

ӣǷŭᡣ˼ƽԼȻ𣬡ˣơҴӦ㣡˵ҿطɡ 



ģƵɴ۾۾Ρ 

½Ϊ񣬾ǰǵɽҲˣĵȴָ˵Цݣ֪Գ硣 

лл㣬ܹܡ棬һɵģץסĸۣս 

 

ͻȻƷʲôԾ 

֣һֱûж 

Լ֣ 

Լ֣ 

ղźӣȴһ̬ûнԼ 

ڣеۡ·𡭡û֪ 

ƾؿ룬͸ϵЦݣƿЦݱ󵭵ˡ 

֡ 

ˡ 

ΪʲôΪʲô 

£ͷ뵭صתʰϵĺӡ 

ΪʲôΪʲô㻹Ƶ壿 

˭֪ܹڽģַֽˣ͵ڷ߳书 

ǲǡǲΪҡƵĿһֱۡ 

ǣ˼룬ƣԼӦܷҪ˵ΪʲôҲǡΪԼ 

ǵģңҡһ֣Ŵŵﱳֱϡ 

ؿƲϳ鶯ļ򣬿žӨ͸Լֱϻ䡭ƣ⼸ᣬһСֵõġ 







11 



֪˽ȣԼͬϵ⣬׸ 

ǣطɻǶԼĪ 

Ǳ˴һСݡȻúź򡱣 

ȻͻȻһɾԺ䡰㻹ܹܿˣ 

ʱ֣طɼǿеġܹܡ 

ԭǸԼʮߡ˵ˣɫĮطɣ˵˾䡰ס¡ȻͽԼӣط˦һ߲Ųʡ 



طɴһ㷲һڷ£Ҳ̲סƣ⡰ܹܡĿԼô 

ܹ϶ԼأطɻСĽ䱸˯ʱ򣬽ŴεŰ˯ˡ 

 

峿طһۣͼǸʲôܹܡվԼĴǰŵͻȻӴֱ 

Ŵȫùصϵģôģ 

ܹܿطɾַӣǳһĨЦݣ㲻õģҶûȤ㣬ʵʵػشҼ⡣ 



㡭Ҫʲôطɰѱӽرǰ 

ʲôϵ 

Ƹ磿طɵɴ۾أ 

ң㣡˵ʲôϵ 

ɫԼƣطǿЩĵĿ־壬ҡƸʶġƸ˵ҳԡ 



֮ʶƵģ 

ǰطɲܹΪʲôҪЩΪƵǣƸҺܺãǺˡĵغܺá㡭ǲҪ۸ 



ˣܹٴγֵЦݣɡ 

˵꣬תȥ 

طſڽࡣ 

ܹȥıطһһӰռݡ 

Ƹ磬 

֪ 

Ϊʲôкö춼ûˣ 





ת۹˰¡ 

طɽ˶Ľġ 

ʲôܹܣһͽԼЪϢˣ͵Լǲڡ 

ңԼĻҲûʲôرƣԼǰСݵʱ򣬸뿪Сݰ벽뽻ļط֮⣬һΧߡ 



طﰵңҺܹܡԼûȤǰ˵һͬǸС񡱵꣬һʲôҪȥü˰ 



죬طɳСԺ䡣 

֪䣬˵صǼСݵΧǽ⡣ 

طվڵƷǽڵǴǽţ˿ 

֪Ƹ绹᲻ 

طţͻȻһϤϤ涵ĽŲ 

СƣǵطɵԺӡ 

طɣ磬ǲǾ˵ǸƯĳ 

ǰѺʱҿǸطһۣȻǰ 

ƺǸССĽ֪̾رܳ£ 

硱ĺӹЦûҪ͸ܹˡ 

͸ܹܣܹܲһ򲻽ɫô 

ޣʲôɫƽĻɫܹܿϣ㻹֪ɣطܹҪȥģ 

طɹôƯܹܶģˣã 

СʻպĬһܿ˿Ͳˣڱһסˡ 

֪֪СԼԱڵһ֪ǸƣԲԣ 

ꡭպСһۣҪ˵Ɽ˭֣ 

Ϊʲô᣿СЩίǸ𣿱ˣǰˡ 

պӵɵͭ㣬ĳ˱ԵõҵĳľôģֻΪʧˣƣ 



ôס 

˵ҵһΣ൹ǲȲطɡֻǡպСĵܿ˿ʱֻмһۣҵĻͷˣֻ룬ֻҪЦһЦΪҲǸԸġ 



ǺǺǡСĴЦ磬Ҳ߯ˣ̫û˰ɣ 

С˸ӣҷ硣պЦˣ֪ˣ˵ֶθߵúܣһԱʮֹ˳һǵñ֮ñطʱѾ˽󣬿ǲ֪ʲôӣػ˽һȥطɣǰЩӵóѩȫֻһ˵ 



벻ƻļơС 

ǵȻⱤ˭ЩԼС˼طɱƯʲôáֶΣǸ 

 

нԶ 

ֻطɴԭء 

΢΢֪Ϊŭֻԭ 







12 



طŲصСԺ 

ɶһϤĺط⼸ǹҵˣȴʱ򣬳ǰ 

ơ 

ƺЩǰЩطɿģƺ紵ͻᵹӡ 

ϣһЩɫ֯гۣȫŴֲūӡ 

ȥ׵ɫѱڵĺ棬ЦŶط֣ɶҸʲô 

ӳ£طһһŲ˹ȥ 

ûзطɵܿģһطɣеӷطУóʦصظĿζ쳢ʦǻʹ 



ԭѾʹˣܽǸˣȻһ㡣 

طɵͷеӣо˿˿磬ǣ³ȴ 

˵ĳ 

˵½˽󡣡 

˵Ϊ˲ҵõĳңʹֶס˱ 

ط˵ʱһֱͷƵɫһӱɷףоõƷֱϵָ⣬˲䡣 

Ĭ 

ǳĬ 

ȥ촽˺üΣվû³һ֡ 

 

ͻȻط͵̧ͷ 

еӣ˫ֽסѾ֣ 

ֱƵ۾һһٵصҡţһֶţƸ磡 

 

⼸֣Ƶֽů⣬¶ȣһˮ 

Ƹ硱֣Ƿ·ϣЩҡҡ׹ 

طɷסЩҡεӣбԼϡ 

Ƶᣬǵطɵա 

Բ𣬷ɶԲ𡭡 

Ƹ磬ң㲻ǣ㲻ǱĳطɵʼʣΪңԲԣԼңԲԣұԸԸԼΪĳԲԣ 



طɵϢ٣һڵʻư˵ 

ġ 

ΣƷһǰѾΪ㡭 

ѿؽͷŤһߡ 

طƵԼ˵ʲôҲûãȻҲ֪׷ʲô֪ΪңΪʲôҾ֪ҸоõľΪң 



طɹִƵӿһůĪǳ˵ͨ 

طʲô֪ΪʲôΪʲôԼ 

˫֣Ʊطɵļ 

ͣһҧĬĬܣˮ㳲 

طɵȦҲˣסƣƸ磬Ӱɣӳȣӳط 

ֱĨȥδɵἣֻǶ̶һ˲ָֻǸǿ꣬ɶңһ취ͳȡ 



ңǣطɼҵطƸ磬һһӳȥ 

ǣǰֳǸԵרݣ˸䡣 

ǰƸ磡Ƹ粻ߣҲ뿪طɵ 

طɹִľͷ˵ԼֻõͷӦʣãһߡ 

̫ˣط˷ܵȴûзĿ˸ʲôֹ 

ɶﲻϤǧҰźˣ֪㡣 

ǣƸ硣طɸ§סƵĲӣֱƵһڣãƸ硣 

Ƶвһ˿ 

ɿطаЦݣưԼܵŷԶ̬Ӱ졣 

ƿЦõطɣûûСģˣСƵġ֣ 

طɻ§סƲţͷε˹ģţţһ֣ܲ 

仰һ˴ûƿطɣطԼҲ뿪㣬籣֤ 



õƵı֤زסطɿĵؿƻʼ˵⼸췢飬ԼôƸ磬ԼЩطԼյĺ¡Сĵػر˽ǶƵۡ 



͵ʱһƵĻֻ࣬Ǿţżһѯʡ 

Ժ˳طϲ֮С 

ȴȻûзԺ⣬һ˫עǡ 







13 



ŰµڴǰؿŴľɫ 

͸ϣƺȫһ㵭Ľɫ 

һµŷԶص󣬿ľһ׵Ļ档 

㱼䣬ƺһǸꡣ 





ĳһοʼٵסƵѨ 

ΪƺѾ 

ֻһ޵۹⿴ŷԶ 

ŷԶ˵ʱ 

ŷԶϴʱ 

ʲôˣ̹ǵĳĿעţϴ¡ 

Ǹ⡣ 

һҹŷԶ§סƲϲӣƱˮļĸоƣҴȥɺã 



Ƶûп 

ŷԶͷ˿ƽҧ˫ĳһ˿Ѫζ 

ɵϣôܵ飬ΪʲôҪ̣ 

ô¶ǵĻŭŷԶһۡ 

ŷԶ֣ƵĶˡ 

̲סƺ۵Ķ̾Ϣƶô㡭㻹ʲô⣿ 

ƾǿƫͷܿŷԶ촽Ŀ⣬Щɡ 





վɽ 

ŷԶ¶Ӱ㲻ŵ飬á 

ûдκʹӣŷԶƣɽ߷塣 

ղԼʩչṦɽۣеƵɴ۾㶵ӣŷԶйЦĳ嶯 

һ书˵ͱǰӹܵವطֱķӦǽ˫ۡ 

Ʋִ۾ԼϵԽԽߣǿ򶨣ɽץŷԶ½ȴ 

ѾվɽĴʯϣŷԶѾſƵĴ֣ƾɿǽ§סŷԶ 

ŷԶͷƵıǼ⣬⾰ɫɺã 

žɿŷԶ֣һ˵ 

ƻ̲סܵľɫ 

ԶȺɽдУ¶˵ļĿ 

ŷԶЦơ 

ֻһ̲סһ䣬 

ŷԶشЦˣû㵽ĺõطأ 

ûƷӦŷԶһƣƹɽµһôһԾ 

 

һ˶꣬ŷŷԶ£ǰ±һͻĴʯϡ 

ʯҲʵ㹻վֻʯع±ϣգͻȻһ紵ֻҡΣա 



췢㶵ӣŷԶ˴֮ġһסƵ죬ֱסƵС࣬һƬ 

߷ƵС࣬ŷԶߵңСĵȥǷǡ 

һǾţһŷԶӶԵǣֻؿڷƣƿŷԶı۰ֻùԹԵرŷԶڻУֱضŷԶԵĴࡣ 



ãŷԶ̧ͷƴڴڵش糱 

һ߷֮Ƶͷû׹ŷԶѾƷ⣬쿴 

Ʊǰľɫˣ 

Ѿɽ 

ƬƬİƣµĴʯƣҲΧơ 

ɲǼ䣬Ʒ·ƶˣ硣 

һӣ·һ˿Ʋʣ 

һӣ·һ΢硣 

ŲŲ·ƶˣƮƮɣ 

ŷԶ˷ҵı飬૵ơơȻֻľɫ 

㿴㿴ɫס˷ܵץסŷԶĸ첲ָԶ̫ 

ԶϼӳУһֺշų⡣ 

ɫ⣬ưĲϣΪһ㵭Ľɫ 

һ˲䣬ŷԶóˡ 





ߵתͷŷԶ 

յıѲ 

һ漴ָ򶨡վߵŷԶǰϥŷԶ˸񣬵 

ŷԶһ뻳УָܷˣӦýʲô 

Զ 

еë˳ϧŷԶȴһ˿пᡣ 

˵ˣھҪú÷㡣 







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ֻڱڴ죬ֳȥˡ 

ź죬 

´ƾŵ·طɵסȥ 

⼸ûȥ֪ճ˵Сôء 

뵽طϴ˵Ƹ磬㼸첻Һõ㡱ǸɵĿ̲ס̡ 

ԼŲµˣĳĲʣƷŻ˽Ų 

һƧĵطͻȻһͻһӰǰơ 

ͣ½Ų̧ͷһ 

Ȼһ 

㣡 



ԼʮͷƤ΢ڣĿࡣ 

ƣԵ÷⼤ǹ˼ɵؿܣѹƣȥģ 

ҳȥһЦ˭͵ģ棭󣭸磿 

Ƭ˲Ժ֡ 

ԼմӼһݵؽ˵ضԣǰ˾Լ 

ԼԼ⣬Լֵܣ 

أԼ֪ǽһɣ 

ˣƽ״ˣԼѣ֣ 

Ҫͷ½磬ҪúñԼλֳ 

ǣһϣһȫˣ 

һҹƵһɴԼķ䣬Ȼв죡 

Լ֪һΪ˵ֳԼ˼ 

Լӣһϰһŭ֮½Լң˦һ䡰㲻ӾͽͽΪ֮ɫĽȣ 

ȣǸȹկ˲ݵĵط 

ڶ죬Լ㱻ͽ˽ȡ 

ŷԶħ 



ƣһץסƵ֣ҲãҾ˻ͷˣұֻ㣬˭뵽氲СӣȻĽ͵ 



氲ǸһԼ͵ׯܹܣޱĳ֣߰ɣҺûʲô˵ġ 

ơһɿĮı飬ʹֻڣֻ㣡֪𣬴ӿĵһҾϲˣߵЩӣӰ룬һһ磬㳣ЦԶǣ㣬һֱţҶ˵ֱҺ˾ƣŻȫʧơĲģĲġѾ氲ɱˣͽȣ 



ƣ꣬ûһʱһ̲㡣ÿجΣμõԼӣμȫѪƣԭҡԭҡ 



ϵѪɫѾʵøɸɾΣһɣҲԭ㡣㣬ȴġһҹ𣬴ҽȵһҾٲʶһˣڽȣ㻨Ҳһ֡ 



ơ֪㲻ҡһɼ˫Ŀᡣ 

ܾȥҲ㡣꣬Ψһһ£취ȥӴΣҼжİᣬѾֶ棬ȥϾ˼ȡ 



ͨ˽еˣҹһװȣɻңͤţԻӳѾ·ߣֱ⣬ﲻΧһȫ 



ƣһͻȻͨһǰףҺ㱻͵һҪȳȥҲֻϣϣԭҡ 



ƿһɡ 

ʱȥҴңȻɡ 

⼸ҲδӰڵҲЩ졣 

Īǣһ˵ʵ飿 

жúܡ 

ư⣬һһΣƴȫлᡣ 

ԼҪȥǸ˶һͷΣҲֵԼһġ 

ǣƵҿԭ㣬ҪҶһ˳ȡ 

ʲôˣƷʵ 







15 



ҹ 

ͤ 

طɽȥ 

ڣɱ˵ڽȡ 

ȻƸ˵һ 

ǣƸԼȣôû 

ɶɶٵĺ 

Ӻط˳Ƹ磬 

Ʊ˹ץסطɵ֣߬ýġطɸеʪԭﾹȫ亹 

ƻڰοطɣɶ£˻ǳȥ 

˭طʵ 

˭ֻҪܰȳȥһ߻ᣬҲҪһ¡ 

δ䣬塢ͤһطϵã 

طֻƵһһͳƣң 

Ϊ׵һĿ࣬Ƶ˵ͷȻָǸģԼˡ 

طһǰһƣȰȥ 

أһɵ 

ǷΪ·طɴӶߣ˺ҴߣԺֱ߳ص·ڹϡƵ 

һЩԥҴһ߰ɡ 

ƼֿĿСʲôߣ 

һҡͷУҺһ·Ҳŷġ 

һɼֵı飬ڵðɣҺһߣɼ˴طߡ 

һɵͷӦʣ׼뿪ȴǸƴסƵĸ첲Ƹ磬Ҫһߣ 

ɶȫżذͷѾ˺顣 

ƭңһ𣬻ҶԲԣڱҲЩӣ֪Բ㣬һ߾ȫѰ䡣ǵעѵĻʹö࣬ԲԣƸ磬ҲҪֿ˵һҪһߣһ𣡡 



˵£ƾ˵һ䷴Ļ 

ɱԽԽ 

ʱҲ󲻵á 

ҧҧһƻطɵĺϡ 

޷طصȥ 

ƽطɽһɴĴУǿߣҸƫƧطعӡ 

󺺿һɣһ΢΢ͷ󺺱㱧طɣʩչṦȥˡ 

һɿƣҲ߰ɡ 

ջῴطԶȥĿ⣬Ĳȥϵἣ߰ɡ 

Ʊһţ汼ܡĬɶԲ𣬸ƭ㡣Ըƽƽ 





ȵĳڣһͻȻס˽ŲٴС 

ڳڴһ롣 

ϻһƵ壬ŵ΢Ц 

Ӳȥġ 

㣬ǡ 

֪˵Լ 

ԼĿģԼӡ 

طɣоеһ˿ο 

Զǧ֮⣬ܹԼ 

طѾ˰ɡ 

ֻУ¶Щƺְ̾ϢЩΣ 



˭ҲСܹܡ 

һɫصسЯĳ 

죬 

վԭأһ 

ʹһεѹȣһС׳С 

˾ضš 

 

ʱһһεš 

ͻȻַˡ 

ϣʱһ˿Ȼ˲·ʮꡣ 

һȴ߳һһ佣ȥ 

˫ཻ 

Ȼõ֣ 

ֽˣʲô£ 

´󶨣һɳ磬ۿֻм֮޻֮ 

˶ʮУ 

ʮڣһɵĽ͵ʺ 

һɶԼӮףܷ˽պյġֽ֣ 

ƳֹҪ 

 

˵ǲ 

ƺҪȥһɵĽ棬һæסƣýָ룬ããҲɱ 

֣֮뻹һı飬޾ŭ޾塣 

вҿ롣 

ͷˡһǰʵܹܡԲ𡭡Һã֪ġǡΡҷӲɡӲɡ 



ͷûпܹܵͻȻһֵı顣 

õƣӦ֪Ӳ˵ġ 







16 



ƻδԣһҺһɵĲҺ 

̧ͷֻһ⣬һɵؿڴضϣ 

֣ 

Ȼƿһɲŵ񣬺һͬŵԼ 

ز 

һɵص˵ϣѪӿ 

Ƶ룬ֵԼŵĺ֪֣ 

ԭֻһƭ֣ 



ƵĿ⣬ƮԶĳһԲ𡭡ơҾᱳѱʹΪ㣬Ҳܡ 



ŵһϢһɣ֪һɵ֣Ϊֱϣױ˼Ҫ 



⻹ǹؼ 

ԭз 

Ƶ˫ȭգղű˴ߵطɡн 





ơϵһɴϢţòдһƣơԭҡ 

ϱһ󼱴ٵڸǡ 

룬ˣ 

Ʋ˸¡ 

ԶҲϡ 

ŷԶ 



һͫ׼Ӧǧ֮ŷԶȻڽȣ 

ŷԶڵϵһɣЦ룬ɵòһ·Ѩ̫ãЩ 

ŷԶ񣬡Ҳ 

ŷԶδһۡ 

ֱһɣһɣ㵹Щ¡꣬㴦ĻǣһѰʱ鷳Ȼ絽Сٺ٣ҺЩ£лЩһһ򾡣˳㻹Щ˵һӦøл㡣 



һֱƣƺûʲôڡҲ֪Ϊˡ˵ţŷԶѴһľԣһøлҵƶû뵽ҵƶô󣬾ȻԸɢҲƣһһضԸ 



һɣȻľƣ˵ô˶ôأŷԶ˳ƽޱ§İĳأ 



㡭㡭һĿѣһѪӿӿ 





ŷԶûһɣҧƵĶ䣬Сƶ֪ʲôطôûõļһܴȥҵƶԲ̫ãͷû 



ƴľŷԶĻƺȫû 

ͻȻɱں 

ȻǷĵѾˣǴߵǴˡ 

˵ţһһס 

Ƶɫˣ 

ƵŷԶѸٽӲ 

طɣ 

 

һϣҲˡ 

ͲԼϣֻϣطܹȻѡ 

ǣڣطԾɳԼǰ˫Ŀգظ΢ƺǻ˹ȥ 



ʱϵһɷ΢İ衭衭ơԭҡ 

֮˵Ҫ 

ãȻؽطתһɣͻȻޱҡԭ¡㡣 

ɶƽգҿܻԭ㡣 

ڣҾԲԭ㣡 

Բԭɵһʹ࣡ 

Ҳԭ㡣 

һĻһһ 





ûעһǰں޲ʵı飬ȫ˼ڵػԵطϡ 

ɶ㲻¡ 

ɶ 

ŷԶе 

еƵеƵ 

ΪطôΪеġɶ 

ͻȻƶߵСƶ˵طˣôźأ 

ͳö 

֪ŭǰף 

ŷԶѾɱ 



͵һѳסŷԶ½󣬰Զ㣬Ҫͷһطʲô֪ʲô֪ 



Ժʲôģʲôġ 

˵ֻһֻһҴӦ㣬ʲôӦ㡣 

Զ㡭㡭 





Ĭ 

ɽ¥ 

ŷԶơ 

棬ˮѾ͸½ 

״εضԼİǰαװ˳ӡ 

ֻƲű¶ı顣 

Ӥı顣 

ѵطҪ 



һ˿̵Ц⸡ǡ 

һѽڵϣʾԵطɰطˣҲ᲻ôҪúõس谮 



һŷԶǰסŷԶҪ㡭֪ˣԺ󲻸ˡ㡭˷ɶ 



ɶ 

ڵһŷԶһŽߵ÷˼ 

ָƣȥٺúøˣ˵꣬С 

𣬡Ҫɶҵġ 

һѪƿƻŷԶȥķ׷ϣءɡǡҵġ 



Ȼֹ 

Ƶӻصȥ 

ơ˯Ѩֽ 

СزȥǵѪưƣôףԽ󣬱Խ 







17 



ڰŻ򿪡 

һȽë𡭡΢⾹ЩۣƵʶЩʡ 

ͬڶȻҹжôµ飬۾ԭֻζѡ 

 

Σ 

ڵһ𣬡ɶ 





˺ѷεĺһ̩ɽ֮Ƶ˲еҩ֭һƬ 

ơվſڣסƵȥ· 

ǰˣ˫ĿࡢͷɢŽžҪ塣 

ƣҪȥȥֻӼŭ 

룡Ļһ˻ƣƴδֱ֣δ 

첻ÿҾǰ书ߣֻҪÿҾǰԣ 

ƽҵӣ뾹ƺסˡ 

֪Ƶÿһ֣ġ 

ƾ˵ 

صһҲÿһ 

ſڸոճһ˿϶ƾͳ˳ȥ 

̫ܵеҩ롣 

ƵıӰЦ 

̶ദ㾹طִţ 

ƣ̫ˣ㲻֪Ѿ˯ʱ 





 

û˼еرط 

ϣƵ촽÷ࡣ 

ûһ֪ 



Ժֻһҵͷ 

ͷǵǸ˵˸ģ 

ͷǸȥɽԡ޶塱Ǹ˸ģ 

ͷǶżЦ̸ġ 

ͷ֧ҡҡ׹ӣûе¡ 

ŷԶᡭ 



ԽԽ죡 

ƵĴϢԽԽ 

ŷԶңˡ 

ſڣƵͻȻǰδеĿ־壡 

糱Ŀ־弸ӣ 

㲻ͦװɰ𣿡 

ɧװ 

ŷԶޱشĤ 

Ƶӡˡһ£ըѡ 

ˡһһͷײ 





ǰľ 

ֻϣԼһҲҪ 

ŷԶ˶ӣѹطɵϡ 

طɵ鲼ϣֻдǵļƤóİ𪡣 

طƺѾʧȥ֪ŷԶĶκηӦ 

壬һŷԶ 

ڲУط˫ɼºҺǰѪˣµѪ¸ǡ 

طһѰɫѪ˴Ŀģ 



Ҫƣ֪˹ȥ͵ƿŷԶ 

ƵĵŷԶûһ˿һľȡ 

ûûʱ򴳽 

ʧǵı飬üƣİɡ 



Сؽطɷ˸طɵͷԼĻ 

ʹѾᣬطɵ΢΢Ť 

ʹУ㻹Ǹеʹô 

Ϣᣬطɲۺա׵ϸߵϡ 

Ļеǵӣ 

Ღطҵķ˿͵͵غ졭졭 





ͬһ 

ںڰ֮Уطɷ·ʲô 

죬죬졭 

죿ֺ졣 

· 

 

ʲôˣҪУУ 

㱾ͽ찡С죡С 

ء۸ҡ 

 

˭˵ 

ڽң 

˭ڽң 

Уֻһˣй 

˭ 

˵ģ塭ͯļ䡭Ϊշת֧顭 

ˣؿһһ㡭ˡԽԽ 

ͯ׷ǰ꣬ȵҡȵҡ 

طþ۾ 

ǰݣʹġŭںޣˮݺᡭءغͼһغϡ 

˼طɵĴ󺰾ͺˮӿ 

硣 





硣 

һгġ 

ҲЩԿġ 

׶ˡ 

ǣ 

ͯȴԼһϢ 

ĲЦݣȴǿʹ 

ԼѾܾ裬˽ 

硭 

һһشݺݵϣ 

ۣ 

һѪطɲϵϡ 

磡 

طɵľǰһڣ˹ȥ 







18 



ֻѰ 

ǽȱϮĴ£ 

Ȼ˵ôң˾ûб 

Ȼʣ˭Ҳۡ 

ÿҲҳ 

ѹ֣ 

Ϊ˶֪ڷǳǳǳǳزˡ 





ƺ˽ʲôǿԼڰѼ䣬һɼŨҵĿɬüͷ۾ȴԼһůʵһֻ˶ĸ첲Լһֻ֮ŻĿɬԼ͡ 



鵤 

ϼѵһļƷҩ 

ˣŷԶеҩԲͣƿй¡ 

û˵ֻڸ۵ʱ˳ƿŷԶһۣȻ㴹˳Ľë 

ƻԵʱŷԶķӦŭޡΪٴѪε׼ΨûԤϵڵ˳ؿԼĻȻüͷŬһһڵԼмҩ֭ 



ŷԶԼѽԼǼϲƲӣǼƱúĵĳһ⸱˳ģȴ˿δԼ⣬ŷԶѾؽƱø 



ƸеŷԶԼʱļԼһһҩ֭ȻŷԶơҲ֪طǡ 



ҶˡƴŷԶĻһ˫ӿŷԶ 

ҩѾˡ 

ϣ籸һµСˣŨŨһԵĹɢ򽻴ƼŭģѪΣֻܽЩ嵭Сʳ 



ι㡣 

һ赹Σʱˮδ·ľƵ 

ĬŷԶǰһϡι 

ȥѪ촽΢΢ףһһϣڵˮ 

ͬһû˼Сޣ˳ӵسСˡ࣬ı飬·ǿҩûʲôָĶ 



ͻȻÿ£ֻʵ 



ơҲ֪طܵܡˣһúò㣬طɡ 

һ࣬·»صϡػŷԶĻվŷԶǰҪȥطɡ 



Į 

˫ӻ 

ǣûкޡûԹûŭûзߡ 

һ˫κθӣģֻһƬն 

ԼƵǰƵѾҲԼӰӣ 

ƣⲻܹҡطܵܣҾ͡ 

§ұ֮ƽضŷԶĻƽ壬ͬڲгʡײ˶Ǯһһ 



仰졣 

һΣһ˫ֵܡͬݡͬ飬ŷԶҲеʡֵܰ±㶪֣żǻ𡣼ǵһΣһζһ߶ƵЦƶҪиֵܶã§ұ֮ 



ǵʱ˫۽գ촽ҧƺѾ˹ȥȴϣԼ˵ÿһ־䣬Ƽ 

һʱ䣬ŷԶҭ޻˵ 

һִܹ 

ŷԶŬסĵĲãƶ֪ҡҰ˼طͳҸطӣòã 



˵ţŷԶֽԼĻο 



Ҫطɡ 

֡ 



žһӱŷԶһ飬һء 

ŷԶеĽ겻ȫһŭ 

ƣ㲻Ҫѳ 

ŪԼݣ㲻ҵĳطҲҵĳôô 

㣬Ǩһ 

˵طɣҲһʲôʱ㣬ʲôʱ򣡡 

˵ţŷԶһѳƣ˻һϱĵӦѣ 



ɥԼǰԼϸű¶ڿУƵ۾ûգһ£ŷԶ塢ŭƽʱһ޶ 



ûп̹ǵĳޣ 

ûߺ޵ǫ 

ƽƽһ䣬Ҫطɡ 



ϸµĲԼУһʹͿԽϡ 

ƶղһԹԵģҾ㡭ҾͰط͸ǡ˶˵ζ 



նͻȻƮһ˿ŷԶûüŲ 

ؿŷԶ 

ΣҲû¶ŷԶڴЭɫ 

۾ֱŷԶ۵ףص 

Ҿɱطɡ 







19 



Ҿɱطɡ 

һƽĻһĮȻı飬ŷԶԾɿ֡ 

ûŷԶϸƻʵԣøӴ 

߿ 

ſң 

Ҫң 

˻ƶĿ־ 

طɵ 

ɫȻһ䣬ŷԶ˲䣬ȥ 





ҩضǣѾСվ룬֪롣 

룬ޱ߸ߵ¡𣬹һš 

ھҵزƵشطɾֵҪң 

Ƴ嵽ǰһƿӣ 

һ˫ֵĴ۾¶˳ϣǲ̺졣 

ΨһڱεĶҿˣ˶ššŤš˻š 

رס˶ң죬ңǸ硭 

ΪѾɺԵۿҺӿ 

ΪѾģԾʹòѡ 

Ʊ飬һΣһΣط糺ա 

·𰲸ط궯 

طɽذ磿ɵغţ֣Ƶݡ 

Ȼ·ͻȻѣš硱һͷƵĻ硭硭ּˡ 

ۣӰ㣬طƻкޡ 

ŷԶ˺ѵĵ¶δüطɺˮƵļϡ 

̡˰Ƹоطɶϡϲһ¶ȣطɱøЩ˳ֽޱӵطɷ̵塣 



ŻеطɣƾڴͷطԼз 

ԼվǸõĸ簡 





ãطɵĿԽԽͣԽԽͣϸš 

ƵͷһطɿſţȻ˯ˡ 

ĨȥطϲۣСĵؽطɷڴϣؽӸʵ 

ȥطëȴϣط˯УקԼѡ 

˳˯ŵطüͷȴɡ 

һ 

شߣסطקԼ֣ؿطɰ˯ 

·ǵǸ۵ĺӡ 





ϣһҴĵط 

˴⣬汲ֵΪЩʵ˽ũ 

Ϊƶ񤣬òʲôճɣܼࡣ 

嶫ͷסһ˼ңӡ 

˶֪⻧˼ҵĴӼݣһ쵽ųȥ棬ôҲԸҴʵʵظ֣ΪûٰĴ 



⻧˼ҵСӵǼɵģǰ˺ۣ۵ļ 

һ죬ˣһ仰һӸƣ 

죬˶Сһֱ׷ڴ󣬴ţ磬Ҫߡ硭ȵҡ 

Сͯһֱ׷ʮءһֱ׷õڵϡ 

ܵܵĿεת죬㲻Ҫңҳȥ棬һͻϲԵļȣòã 



òáС޶ͷε˹ģҲҪ뿪磬ȥҲȥ 

ŵܵһͷһĻҳеʱʯӻƵֽţһ˿̡ 

˹鿴ŵܵϵ˺ۣôôСģԼŪˡ 

㲻ˣ˻ܵܿĵ§ס磬ڴʡ 

š纬شӦһ䣬ȻӣС˶ſԼıϣؼҡ 

̫ඡ粻ඡܸܵ˵ػȴûע⵽˵Ĳǡһؼҡǡؼҡ 



ܷܵڸıϣŸһҵķȥһֱŵڷƣ;ⲻӿ 

ڡ 

ذ˯ĵܷܵ£Բ𣬸ƭ㡣罫ͷˣһ㡣 

ȻͷҲصأȥ 





Ŀ 

ֻһΡ 

үԼ˸ЦԼƻŻؼ罫ĸܵܽӵݣͱһ͵ 

󣬾Ȼطɡ 

ܵܣѾˡ 

طڻ˯Сĵطͷϵ¶ȡ 

ûиղôˡ 

ֻչ˵ܵܵƣȴûзԼɫѾ԰׵ˡ 

ͻȻطк磬ߣ磬ȵң 

͵սطɵ֣ 

Ϣطֳ˯ȥ 

طɵ˯ݣ粻ƭ㡣Բ뿪㣬ԡ 







20 



طɵƺõúܿ졣 

ɷϣеҩǽõҩ 

ϵĴȬ 

ǣ 

ϵأ 

طƺĪĴֻ̼һѣֻҪʱûпƵӰᷢ跢 

ƣʲô˽ӽԼطɶᾪ֡ҡС 

ˣطߣ粽롣 

ŷԶƺĻסˣҲûƵ鷳 

ӣڹ˵ĲһһĹȥ 





ƹϷţߵߣһҩ 

ողϴӵطɣ͸죬ȻԼɼ˺ۣȴѾǵ߲ϵģ 

طſڴϡŤͷһһԼ 

ߵߣҩ룬Сĵؽ⿪طɵۡ 

ոԡطɲû㡣 

طֿطɵ˫ȡط˳ӵ΢΢ſ 

˻ûȫáһᡣԼݵĵطǶôʹ飬طɶֻܺЩϡࡣ 

ҩҩ࣬Сĵ̽طɵĺͥ 

˵ļȻ 

͵ͣס֣𣿡ĵʡ 

ۡطɽͷתͷͷ 

˷ǵҩźõÿ죬ǳˣʹܻ÷ɶʹǽմҩҩ˿ڵڲ 



е¸Լӣطɽͷͷм̽ͷƵ̫ãЩ졣 

硣ȥطɺ磬㡭㡭Ҫô 

ƻعḧطɵͷ⼸˯û㰲ȣӦò˯ˡŴ̫СҲܡ֧һŴʲôͻҡ 

ҲطץסƵ֣磬ߣߣ 

¡ƵûߣҾ棬һҾ͹ 

طɵ磡㲻ߣ㲻ߣ 

طɵĿ¶־ɫ㲻ڣ˾ͻ˾ͻ۸ң 

طץסƵƺֱñ䣬һţ硭ءߡ 

طƺֳ˷ʱǰףƼæҩ£شͷطɱڻ 

£ɶҲߣҲߡ Ʊ˵Ļļ 

ǿůĻǿĻֲطɰҲ⡣ 

طɴƻ̧ͷ˸ŵӨ⣬˵ٲ뿪ң˵ٲ·ɶһƭɶ 

šϧطɵͷһᣬɶԶһ𡣡 

һᣬֵøȥϴɣںܳѬ˯ŵģ 

Ƶĵ٩ʹ֪ԼطɵҲԳһ˿Ѿ׵ϸֳЦݡ˼ɿ˽ץס½֣غһš 

Ҫȥʱطֲһ䣬磬ȥء 





һѣطϲȥرסƣƵĶϵͺ磬ˡ 

šѾϰطٰĲסԼȻЩϰߣƻǷסطɣıţ˯ɣɶ 

áطɰƵĻ˸ʵλñ㲻ˡ 

һᣬطɵĺƽȣƺ硣 

ȴ˯š 

յ£ȻڲᣬطɵǺεȵؿ־塣һΣŷԶƺߵ˷ſڡֻ·ŷԶĽŲطɱ㾪ֵؾҲ 

ҺǴŷԶûнҪȻ֪طɻη 

ŷԶ׼δԼطأƾΪŷԶ׵طŹԼطɡǣԼܿ϶һǣԼٴη 

ҧҧһһ죬ôԼ뿪ɶ 

ô˵ԼΨһˡ 

뵽ƽס˽סطɵֱۡ 

еͻȻ˶ЩǸȻôɶԲ𣬰㳳ˡ 

˯šطƶ˵ţϢƵĶƾЩ 

磬˯ţɡطɵ 

ţʲô 

Ҳ֪磬Ǿİɡ˵ţط֧ͷơ 

Ŵ͸һɫƿطɵĴۺؿԼЦˡطɵ֣˳ƽµı¸طɵļ򣬡£С 

ȻطɵǰλΣѽСʱϲ˫ۿңһ˵磬ȥ桯һ˵磬ҪԼȡС磬Ҫ¡¿ɶء졭С 

˵ţ̲סָطɵıӣʱżֻԣָҵļǱҪȥ˵ǲֻС 

硣طɴԼϵ֣ҪС죬Ƿɶɶ˵ˣԺͽҷɶҪٽ졭 

طɣ΢ЦŵͻȻȻ̸ȡ֣ 

طɵҲǵģ硣 

ߺĵ꣬ͻȻˣûǮ벻ҽΣǵûþȥˡöҲˣ˺ܶˡ뿪˴ӣ޿Ѽ޸˼̸̸ȻҶܺãԼûжӣϣܼ̳Ҹء磬㲻ҰɣҲǲТҲû˵ֻǡ̸ĶܺãҺܺãǸˡ 

ɵϣƴطɵĻ˸طɡ 

ΣƵТġҰɡʱҶߡҲĲТӡ 

أʼʡ 

ǵģ磬ǵģطɼ§סƵĲӣŬƵתԼһߡҲã磡ңˣǰ֣ϣҵ㣬ϣһúùڼˣһ˵ģһ˵ģ 

طɽı飬ĵزȥϵ飬عͷطɵͷǰ¼㣬Ҳܸˡ 

ģطɿĵ§ƣƵϡ 

ƿЦõطɣѽСʱһճŸ磡 

ˣ磡طͻȻе磬ʲôʱϳҵģҶϲأǰ׳Ϲﲻϳأ 

˵ţطƵȥˡ 

طƵĶǸͷˡǰ治ͬء 

ɵϡץסطɵ֣Ҳ塢ɣ統Ȼ䰡ɶҲأˣҲˣ绹һ۾ϳ㡣 

ʲôʱϳҵģطɵ 

ǡǡ𵱳һȺ½ﱻеΣһʹ𲻳 

֪ˣطɷ˸߲£һ㷭ǽԲԣһ㣬Ҿ;úСվǽǶЦأЦúܺÿʱûϳǸ磬СʱЦһء 

طţϸֳҸЦݡ 

ƿ֪أҲһĨЦݡ 

ŨŨǣл֮ȥɶһֱЦ 







21 



ɶҩˣοɲӿ࣬Ųϡҩ룬ƿ˷ţǰطɺҩʱͷüëһŵĿɰģݸ 

ǡ 

ƺһ 

ײʲô̧ͷ 

ŷԶ 

ֻŷԶеߣڷѾһӡ 

ƶ̵˲佩ӲЦҲϣ 

ɶ 

ţ͵ؽתԴãطɰڴϣ˯΢΢ 

õģֻǵѨŷԶ 

ȥĵسԽͣȥΪԼһŷԶȻģĬĬؽҩŵϡ 

ģվˡ 

ƣҲ˺þˡطԻչˣһؽɡŷԶһѽԼߣԼɫô߲ݵչӷǿ˲ɡ 

ſҡƵŷԶı۰ֻŷԶ˵΢ 

ƣŷԶõüͷҲ 

ƽӲı飬ϴƵ壬ŷԶƶҪˣòãҲһˡƶЦһЦղϲЦûжЦ˵ģ漵طɡǼطɺãŻᡭ 

¶ʹɫŷԶæƣҲãҲáҶ㲻ˣ⻹Уһúò㣬˵ҪʲôҪʲôҶӦ㡣 

ģһֱޱŷԶŵȻЩݡ 

ǵġƶҪʲôأһΪȡ 

ƵŷԶ·˼ 

һᣬƵҪҺͷɶ 

 

ŷԶüͷš 

У 

ʾƵأƱҿطɳȣ㲻У뿪ңʲôӦ 

 

ƺһֻص˽ȵԼһ׸תͷ˵ 

ƣ 

ƣ 

ƣ 

ŷԶԽԽҲԽԽড 

ƳԶ۾ֻǴؿŴϵطɡ 

ΣһҲ 

ƣ 

ֻܿңŷԶŭŤƵͷƵļͷȥ 

һʹߡŷԶ̧ͷơ 

ƵĴѪŷԶѪ 

ŷԶӢ࣬˵Ŀֲ 

ȴΪ֮ǹִŤͷȥУֻоڴϰ˯طɡ 

 

飡һѵľ졣 

ֻͻȻڿնȻ˱ŷȥΧԺ䡢԰ǰιȥķ 

ߣŷԶԵ׺ݵ 

֪˭ˣ 





ڽеĴϣޱУһҲоۡ 

ϵѪѾɺԡ 

ŷԶŭȴԽԽ㡣 

˻ϵ·䣬ŷԶǰģǱһǰ塣 

ŷԶüϲ֪ࡣ 

ƿնΪԼƬƶ 

촽΢˱죡 

жƵ򦣬ŷԶոһ˿ϧ֮ɢ 

ѰŷԶŭЦֻϧѾùһΣ 

ҵģҲͲ׼ 

˵꣬ŷԶһѽƱúܽ 

 

ƵĲ䣬оƵϢŷԶԼŭ𽥽ƽϢ 

úúƻתģôݱľ棿 

Ʊ˫֣ŷԶ£ƶֻǱ㣬ӽ̫ãҲұͺá 

أ۽ƳһĨ޺죡 

ŷԶȻ̧ͷֻһʺҺ壬ϴƵĿӿƵѪ 

ŷԶѸ̧Ƶ°ֶͣҧ࡭ô£ 

Ѫӿ 

ƵɫԽԽ԰ףҲʼɢ 

ƣƣŷԶơ 

о书ȴ޷ֹסƴĵѪ 





ˣӦѡ 

ûлͷ 

¼ײŵˣֻһŷԶ 

õ 

ڽϣһ˿ֲšɾ 

ĶɱΡ 

ԴŵһöƷ¶ȴɺ¾û˸ǰö 

öҽ 

ܣҽȶߡܣֻŷԶ֪ 

ûлͷȴȻʣôˣ 

¼䣬ֻƣŷԶֹʧ롣ܣҲֻ֪ 



ҽΡ 

ǰԵаҡͷһˣôһû䡣 

عͷŷԶеơ 

۱ҵعϣȺѪմ˵½ 

ɫ䣺ô 

ٱŷԶǰ죬ŵϣ 

Ȼת߽óһн룬ŷԶѨ⿪ 

ŷԶ⿪ƵѨĻ֮£ղֻõסƵĻ˯ѨǿסƴڴڵѪ 

ţκ˴ңκ 

˵ţһ롭 





͸¡ 

һջغڣһ˿ƺҲ֮ľĨĨͷϵĺ飬ɫء 

ʮĸ롣 

ҽˣҲֻùʮ֧ 

תͷһǺѯʵŷԶص 

;ƿݣѻ췦 







22 



;ƿݣѻ췦 

ʲôŷԶʧصץסļ򣬡˵ 

ܣôܣÿʳǧ֥ǧ֥Ḻ́Ԫ֮ЧʹôѪ˼ 

ܣǿżͷܶŭôܣ˵ʱҸ˵ʲôţķˣҪú䲻̫ܴ̼أղҰʱ򣬳ᣬθ 

һ٣ֵѪýסѪֹסѪǰҧԾ̼ͬ󣬼ŭģѪֹѲһ졭ҵô˵ţҪĥˡ 

ûУŷԶ۴С 

ûУѩﶳ˱̧ʱҼΪܻƵʱ򣬻õ־Ρͬʬ⣡ŷԶУ־ǿ˶ĥʧȥȥѵΪ˵ģ 

ġŷԶ 

ɿߵǰɫ԰ףڴϣ޵ĺ·ʱͣ١ 

ŷԶݵ֣вһԴŷԶʮûŷԶֲһһڣ˫ǼᶨġȨƵ֣Ȼ΢΢ 

Ծ̾һǰ˵ĥĥĥģԼ 

ͻȻס 

ھУһֱδܷԼƲͬһִš 

ۼѱαصѱ 

вԸ̾ΪƳΪǣҺ㣬ǻűֻһʱ˶þͻ׿˼δ⵽ǶԣǴ 





˵ôܾŷԶٵʻĳ˼ 

ֻ֪ܿԼ컯 





ɽѩɽɵɽ֮ 

СµĲҩ 

Ͻ𵤣ڵʥҩ 

ۣˮҩ 

ȫƵ 

ûá 

ͬ˵ģѾɥʧ־ֻڵ 

Ѿҹ 

ŷԶҹݵԡ 

Ƶһһεš 

ֻʱŷԶŷ֣粢٣ 

ƶڳͷ𣿡 

ûлش 

شŷԶģϸŵĺ 

 

ľŷԶشסƵ֡ 

ֻΪϴοϳһ˿ΣŷԶͲͣؽעڣȰ˵ô 

ŷԶ֡ 

־塣 

ԴԵĸоﳣ 

˵³췦ĸֿʼ 

ƻƻ뿪ԼͷŷԶ־塣 

ǰ붼û 

ǰ߳ơ 

ǰ¡ 

Լ֮УοԼССƣ 

һ⴫ŷԶر۾ʹ书ٸߣҲѪ֮ľҲеƣѡ 







23 



˭еľŷԶе˵ζ 

۾ȻиվߣңסƵ֣ 

룡ʲôŷԶŭ 

ʲôŤͷŷԶ֣ȴ˿ûзɡ 

ŷԶסˣΪƵ塢ܹܣһ쳣㲵ģ 

۾ﲼ˿ҲΪʹ΢΢ҴˣҲҲߣ䣡ЩߣҲ 

סڣƻûƲŷԶŭһļͷ 

뱻ڵأһѪӿڳ 

봭Ϣţȴ¶Цֻһ£ôЦתˣơҪˣǲʦ֣ 

һʦ֣ŷԶŤ˵ĿԻϾǴС͸ԼߵСʦܣԶᱳԼСʦܡ 

ңŷԶ¡Ӽûп޹ˣꣿǰꣿ 

Һúڣʦ֣ҺúڣŬӵٴߵΣŷԶûֹ 

ʦ֣֪ҶƵĸ飬ǲǣƱ˼ȴܻţϴҲһˡͻȻЦʦ֣ôƶҲᱳô 

ơţںĸ첲ϣơҰ㣬ĺܰ㡭ΪʲôΪʲôϰҡΪʲôϸߣ 

͵أͷŷԶΪʲôûб㣿ûдߣΪҶģΪң˵ңԸƭңԸңԸߣ 

˵꣬йƤһڵأΪʲôơ㻹ϲΪʲôơ 

ʲô˵ʲô˵ϲ˭ŷԶץס˫硣 

ǿ̼Ǽѵʹ̧ͷŭŷԶϲ˭֪ĵĻ쵰˭ 

Ҳףĥûֻ̬ȱˣͻȻٰǻǿӲˡءͲһˡ 

תͷݰȥգڲףΪСңõʵ̫̫١˶΢еá˼ҶĻһ˵ҲǶԸһɵļˡ 

ŷԶʲôҲ 

˵˵ţͻȻŭҿƽķΪˣԼӲͬסĽȥֹκȥɽ塭һΪΪԺͻƺˡǣ㾹Ȼ˵Ȼ˵ѱֶΣ 

ѱ벻ƵؿЦЦᡣ 

ŷԶİɳ𣿡 

ΪҲ֪ɱӣֻΪгڣƵʳŴƬ 

ҪȻΪʲô˼Щгͱ͵ͼļկ 

һŭ֮Ʊйľʱ򣬵ΪͽΪҪƣ 

Ϊȥɽ˽ĵطΪѱ 

֪֪жô㣿ʦ̳ʱҲûʣΪʲôΪʲôͶƺһ㣬ƿ۹Ϳʼ͡ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲô 

ʹʣļأַһЦ̫Цˣ㣬ŷԶôܶһССг趯ģ㲻ôͻȻˣòǸǿˣôٺ٣Ҹ㣡죬ڲϣķԸô˵ƣҵƶǹԹԵֿǡ̬ȡ˵̬ȣԱ߿Ƶ񡭡ͻȻһӾͰȻͱһ˳ĳ֪֪÷ζԺ 

ŷԶѵûзͰƣ 

㡭㱾õƵĸֻһ֮ңֻ֣ 

˺׵ܵܣԶԭ㣡Զ 

ָŷԶߣˮѾģ˫ۣʹǰŷԶѾɫɷףʹɫ 

ҡҡؽƣȻݺݴԼһ⣬ҸǸ쵰 

Ӧôߡ 

ӦòһУܵһߡȻͲôʹ࡭ơԲ𡭡ƣԲ𡭡ңҰطɵ߱طôչˣôáΪΪϲطɡҵʱ治֪ܵܡֻǡֻǼʡΪʲôŷԶطɣȴƫƫ룡 

Բ𡭡Բ𡭡ڴǰִƵ֣֪ҾͲԸűĥ㣬ҲһĶĸ顭ԺãֻҾһҲûˡϣϣһ죬Ķ˵ҴߡҶԸߡơԭҡ 

 

壬һ䵽ݽǣϽѪε㡣 

ŷԶ֣վǰɫࡣ 

ʦ֡ЦţҪɱôɱҶԲԣݲκһ˰ơ㶯ְɡлл㡭ĬĬذôáְɡʦ֡ 

ŷԶӲվǰǰǴС͸ԼߵСʦܣΪԼıߣΪԼЧͣԼҲĬĬšʹƲһĸ顭 

ŷԶͷڴϡƣͻȻһִûκ塣 

һһϮֻеԼӱƳţȻšžһعϡ 

洫ŷԶƣ 

˵Ļ 

ŽյĴţһһŵش۽ǵ䡭 







24 



֪˶á 

һֻůļϡ 

֮һͳ̾Ϣ룬ֱСܵѵֲǲ֪ 

ػعͷ 

һεر飬վԼ 

һХͻȻתʧ 





ĬĬؿԶȥıӰǸϲճڴʦСʦܣ²Ȼ 

ҽȥһ˿жͷ 

ƵѾϲá 





űƿ 

ֻŷԶվƵĴǰעƣƽϣȫ롣 

΢΢ص˵ͷֱתһϣųЩ΢ı仯 

طɣ 

ѯʵĿ⿴΢΢ס 

ûŷԶ 

־ʧ⿴ص׵ܵܣܻس˯е 

ĬȻǶԼնõĬϡĵܹԼȻƣ߳ɰգҲУƱȻ׶༪٣˿ŷԶɫ֪ƽ֮£֪Ŷٲΰӿ̾һԺ²Ҳգҽɡ 





ϵƣطɿŷԶû¶ȥǽľηɫ 

ֻ֮ǰѾ΢ĿǰƵɫ԰׵طɾʹѣȴδʧȻ˫ȭͼѳ 



һ߿ţ΢΢ͷ 

СȴҲ֪ȻԣҲǺڵܶԻӰ졣ط˳ţ׵ܣչƵѡ 



ܻƣȻ͵͵һŷԶֻȫϣ֮Ѿװ׵дϡ 



˼֮ʣطѾƴϡ 

ֻطɷӣƶߺ硭ˣɶˡ 

ϵ˺޷Ӧ 

طָƶͷҵķ˿Ӷֱڴߵĵذϣͦ𼹱ͷƵͷߣ磬㲻Ҫ˯òãѾ˯˺þˣɶòã 



˵˵šطɵᾲմʪƵķ˿ 

磬СʱƭңҶڴһˡ 

һΣң˰Ҵߡ 

Σһֱ˯ţһֱҡ 

磬Ƿɶԣ㲻á磬ƭңƭҡƭһһΡ 

磬ǰŴӦңԶһġ㲻˵㻰 

һΣƭҡ 

ԾûзӦ 

ߣִƵ֣ 

ֳ˼һᣬתһԵŷԶʹ˸ɫ 



֨ѽһűغϣŷԶ⡣ 

ôŷԶʵ 

Ϣƺ˳һЩǲáƵĲգϡ 

ŷԶɫ 

ܵƺЩ洦뱤ܵչһ٣ԥŵƵĲĲϡ 



·Ŵǣ˵¡ 

˼ƵĲֻĲŷԶζۿҪŭ 

˲Ʋ԰㲵ֳǰŷԶŭֻһƬΡ 

һʱһ̾Ҳգɡ 





Ѿǵ졣 

ת˽ɫ 

ǰЩӣƾطɡ 

Ʊطɾĵϡ 

һпգطɱ齱ߣһһ鲻䷳˵ţ·õĻ·ֻ˯ 



ŷԶʱľһ龰 

ֻطڿƮ 

磬¼㣬ɶøˡ㲻Ҳ˵ɶø𣿡 

磬ǷɶãɶǰЩӲˣøҪչ˷ɶ磬Բ𡭡 

磬ǲΪչ̫ˣŻһֱ˯˯ 

磬㿴ɶĲѾˡ㿴ɶõòˡ硭 

оˣط΢΢תͷһŷԶ 

ֻƺһƳ̺ŨŨĺ⡣ 

طתͷȥƵ磬㲻õġɶˣҲˡ 

磬ɶҲ¶ˡ磬ߣɶʲô¡ 

磬ȥ£ɶȫˡ 

磬ȥĵ£ɶϡɶֻҪͷɶһ 





ˣŷԶͻȻطɵĻ 

طɺˡ 

ȻŷԶ˼˫ĿͶϵơ 

һ룬 

룬 

룬 

һӡ 

ĿתؿŴϵơ 

ҪһĿıǷۻʱؿƵָ΢΢һ£ 

ǰҪΪư 

˱죡 

طһץסƵ֣еϴһ˿΢СȴҲطɲɵϲ 

磡ˣ 

磿 

Ƶ˫Ŀɽա 

ƻûѡ 





طѯʵĿ⿴ 

ǰΪưһн¶һ˿ο 

зӦһȡ˵ţͳЯĽ룬ͷΪһϽκ˴š 

Ȼطɿһۣ˵Ҫͣ 







25 



ô룬ΪưŷԶطͬʵ 

ϸֳһ˿Ц⣺Ǽˣ 

áŷԶͷ׶¶һ˿֮⡣ 

ˣ 

ԭһֱƵطɣڱȻ֮εڵء 

ŷԶ֣ط̧˳ȥ 

úչŷԶ 



ĽŲԶ 

ŷԶߵߣָƲ԰׵ݣƣ㲻ˡܿƣй¶ĵļ 



ƣ㲻 

仰˵˵˵ǰοŷԶԼ 

ʲôʱѣŷԶ 

˵Ƶ廹ǺȥΪһҩȥƽ 

ŷԶͷ 





ҩѾ߸ʱ 

ƻûѡ 

ŷԶƵĴߣвɵý 

ƣƣѹ 

ҹˡ 

ȴеŷԶıһĪռš 

һִδƺϲƺǿ־塣 

Զκˣ 

ԶˣҪģ书θǿҪѧġ 

ԶκʱҪ侲 

һˣԶǾ 

ʦĻ·ڶߡ 

һֱΪʦЩԼظ 

ΪЩƺ 

Լһʦĵӣ侲򶨡顢жϡŻԼԽԽʢ 



⼸죬ꡢš־塭ʦɫϾĽɣԼȫƷˣ 

ƲǸ 

ƲرԼƢζ 

һֱԼġ 

ΪŷԶκһǣԼССһң 

Ļڶ 

ŷԶİɳ𣿡 

ΪҲ֪ɱӣֻΪгڣƵʳŴƬ 

ҪȻΪʲô˼Щгͱ͵ͼļկ 

һŭ֮Ʊйľʱ򣬵ΪͽΪҪƣ 

Ϊȥɽ˽ĵطΪѱ 

ŷԶѵûзͰƣ 

 

΢ţŷԶͷӡǽյ˫ϡ 

ƵĴ΢¡ 

ƬڵŷԶ 

ŷԶֽԼĻ 

һжˣ 

ʲô̵ʲô 

ƣҵģԶҵģ 

ң㣬Ҳſ㣡 





µ˷·˶Ĵӵĵط΢΢Ħ 

ƣ 

ŷԶϲغţһֱյ˫ۻ 

ƣ 

ŷԶ§ýأƣˣ 

ƵɻתΪ峺 

ǰˡ 

ǰˣŷԶ 

ûһ仰 

ûһ顣 

ƽ۾غˡ 





ƣƣ 

ûлӦ 

ŷԶεؽƷŻشϡ 

ƽһΣе˴ܡ 

ն񣬺ΪطѪԺһģһ 

˫ѾûԼ 

ƣҪŻԭң 







26 



Ȼˣȴʱʱ 

ܵ˯ʱ࣬ѵʱ١ 

ŷԶطơ 

طҲŷԶֻһһչơ֮ǰطɵˣƺѾȫˡ 

ÿϣŷԶɻƵķ䣬ƴߡ 

ɲŷԶ 

ѵʱˣ˵ڻ˯ʱ 

ֻڵһ쿴طɺŷԶͬʱԼǰΪطɶŷԶһۡ 

طɶŷԶ޶õӣ͸ϧԼĿ⡣ 

ƣŷԶٳһĪչ 

㡭㱾õƵĸֻһ֮ңֻ֣ 

˺׵ܵܣԶԭ㣡Զ 

ĻһҩѾθ 

ҹ 

ŷԶؿŴϵƣвЦ 

Լƺƺܽ 

ƺúԶ 

ŷԶ֣סƵƣָ̲סƵذԼ˿˿Ƶġ 



ƣģǲҲһ 

ƣǲң 

ƣңһ֡ģů 

˿˿תأŷԶе¶ȡ 

·Ӧ㣬Ƶ˫ 

ΣŷԶ 

ΣĿûƿ 

ڿڶŷԶ 

һͻĿϲػŷԶ鲻ԽսƵ֣ƣԭ 

°䣬뵽ƲԭԼŷԶæĿڣô 

ƿŷԶ 

ƺͷƺҡͷ 

·ʲôƵ¶ʹɫɫת˲š 

 

ҪұԶŷԶŷԶشƣƶҵĴԭңԭҺ𣿡 



Ƴϵ˳ӣĿڵԶҡڿʡ㡭ҵˮ 

ã 

ŷԶҴҵվߵߵ˱衣 

ŷԶ߻ش£һֶŲ裬һַƣȻ󽫲͵ߣ졣 

˹ƽһ£Ȼ㿿ŷԶĻﴭ 

ȵôŷԶ²豭Ƶı 

ƼٵĺŷԶ̽ţ˫§סơ 

ŷԶϲǣûбŷԶţȫɵŷԶĻ 

˾ڴͷһܵˡ 

ΣͻȻԶҪˣô 

ᣡŷԶ΢΢ս˫ۣ˵ֻҪˣͲ˼룬ֻһʱͻá 



ҡͷԼ壬Լ֪ 

˵㲻ģҾ֪䣬ŷԶ˰Ե 

΢΢üͷ˵ 

ָֻ 

һ᲻ãŷԶǷſƣƶ˯ɣҪúϢ˯òã 

еҡҡͷԶܴܲӦһҪ󣿡 

ŷԶпһ£ûǵƹִĿ󡰷Һطɡ 

ƵӦңܷʲô飬һ˺طɡ 

ҴӦŷԶһֻҪҪ뿪ңһжӦǸصġ١֣ȴŷԶţƶԲ𣬵Ҳ֪طܵܡ 



ԣҵܵܣҪסҵܵܣ㲻˺֣صظš 

ԶһֱطɳȣСǮԼıӪԶܰ𡭡 

СŷԶ͸һǧƽȡ 

 

Ż谵¹⣬ŷԶƵϣΪԼĳŵԳΥЦ⡣ 

ַĵġοЦΪ㲲԰׵Ⱦɫʡ 

ŷԶƬ˵ɫУھûзĻ 

ԶˣͰڹȿڵ¡ 





ա 

͸սڡ 

ϲŷԶ˯ѡ 

֮еŷԶоڣûк 

ûкûûƵϢ 

ŷԶ͵򴲱ߣ 

ƣ 

ơ 

ˡ 

ϸļֻ֮˵֡ 

ܣôģ˵ȻˣŷԶ۾ 

Ҳ֪˵ȻˣӦǾȻˡǣҡҡͷϢȫޣȷʵѾˡĩˣ̾˿ʵܾȻؼԼʶҩʯĹЧֻΡ˭ܾȵ 



˵ɱ 

ɱǲǱɡ 

ܣŷԶһ§ѾûϢ˶û׼ô 

һе»ڣ 

Զĺڶߣ 

Цջǰ 

ΪʲôΪʲô 

̶̼ʱ 

һоȫ 

ô 

ô 

Ҳ׼ 

ƣѹ 

ƣҲ׼ 

ơ 

縺Ұްĺ𳹽ȡ 







27 



ҹ 

׼κ˿ 

׼κ˴š 

ŷԶԼƹһ𣬷Žա 

ڣ˵죬 

ŷԶ˷š 

һʱڣŷԶ;Ϯϡˡ 

ǰ 

ڽȿڵĴ¡ 

طǧƽȡ 

ͬգ֪١ 





һڣŷԶ򱱣ǰ嶾̡š 

 

ŷŷԶΪ 

ųΪϵֶ棻 

ƺӵһﾨƳ 

һ꣬ϱĪ 

졣 

ˣԭѾۿս 

һգŷԶַ֣ɻʦպŷԶ䵱ųӶԾ䵱ɽۣ֮ϳ֮ˮ 



߸º󣬻ʵ۷ΪµһŷԶ 





ڣƻͨ 

ּҶɡ 

ڣϯ 

ϯ䣬Цｻ 

ˣ޲üɫ裬 

ȷƣѾﵽǰδеĶʢ 

յ̸ЦкžеĿˡ 

ŷԶȴû¶档 

 

ƹѲ˸ϯ 

ţңŹȿڵķ̾˿ 





ȿڣ¡ 

Ĺǰһˣ 

ĹɫֻһһعŰ׾ơ 

 

תͷԭƾƵˣǱӦóϯˣŷԶ 

ԶԼ 

˳;ͻ͵ҶڻϵϣҲǿӦһ¡ 

ŷԶЩ΢мذڰ֣Ծ֮˵ҶλûȤȴǲġҪҪˣõȵڣ 



֮ǵϵ֡ 

֮£ֻŷԶ˵ʵ۵䣬֮£ҲֻŷԶʵ 

ȥӦҲͰˡ׼ǰĮŸոջ 

һͳҪʹĮ֮ϲӥһ£ŷԶ 

֣һǾ֡ˡΣѾ͸֧ȥĮǧĮ֮ϲӥĮӴ󡢸ٹ̣ɵġһҪȥٵϢգָȥ 



УһҲȥŷԶعһھƣȻ󽫾ƿصһ٣ 

ָĹһʲô˵ʲô 

ֻҪһƺǰղžҵĻܸо¡ЦŷԶҲһ죡ȻҲ˶飡 



ҾȻẦ£¿龰 

ҾȻΪ˼һˣÿҪ裡 

 

ʱ嵭һСĬΣǰŷԶǰľƿѾˣɡʵҲؽеĳﶼϳȡ 



ҲҪǣеˣƵһָͷҲȲϣŷԶΪʲôҪѾˣΪʲôҪ 



ҡҡͷͲҪִƣܵǧƽȣҲ˽һ׮¡ 

طɣҵˣΰŷԶʵ 

ҰķԸطǧƽƱȡ뿪ȥҵûᡣ 



ˣ˵ʲôûУ 

Ͼͳˡʲôû˵ͦģ뿪ĵء 

ôϾˣŷԶ·뵽ʲô˼ 

ŷԶ񽥽ɸղŵĻתΪͻȻʵǰϿж񻯵ף 

ŷԶͻأʻЩͷԣʵʵش𣺡ûСõȷЩͻȻͻȻҲΪ֡ 



ԣŷԶͻȻӵվ𣬡ԣ 

ʲôʱ뿪ģ 

ĵڶͲˣҲֱ룬ȥɢɢҲá 

ŷԶڰֹ֣Ļ 

ţƵĹ˼Ȧﲻʦ˵ĹȻûңˣжͻ½ôԵҾȻûз 



еĪãƺʲôԼ֪飬һйء 

ɻ䣬ͻȻһ죡 

ʯɽ 

ŷԶһƽƵĹ 





Ȼˣ 

䣬ŷԶӰѾʧ 

ɢĹпտյĹľĿࡣ 







28 



ϣҴ塣 

ǰһͻߣʹ֮֡ 

֮ĴⳡߣҲ뿪䣬硣 

ҴѾ̣ 

ǰѾߵĵطӡ 

أһЩ˵ͣ䡣 

±ѣׯ±ֲڽĻҲ 



磡һˣһԼʮ꣬ŸոոõһȣһСǰں 

һᣬ֨ѽһſˣ߳һԼʮˡ 

˵ɫЩ԰ףһ󲡳ģǰְ꣬꽫ж£Ȼó׼õëȥϵĺˮ 



ݣ̫úܡ˵ţСݡ 

˽̯һˮݵУ˰ɣȵˮ 

лл磡ЦŽӹȻ˹һȥȣȷǿʵúˡ 

һȣһΪŷ磬ɶҵĲʵѾˣҲȥ㡣Ҳô࡭ 



Уɶеˮ룬磬ӹǰϵʱ򣬻˵ҪԲ͡ 



̫˵ǶС֡Ѿˣٿʲô򣬻ԩǮ 

˭˵ģ㻹ǵõЩӹҽĲҺõʱҽߣշѻˣҩץãֲǮȻȻĻ˵ţ۾ˣȻ˳ҲǰĲôҲãɰҼˣ 



ޣˡֲȥ۽ǵˮСƵģͿޡⲻǺúõ𣿡 

磬ӦҲ뿪ҵģӦҵģҪˣҲţһͷ˽˵ĻˮҲ˵½ϡ 



ɵӡ§ס꣬ο 





ǣǰӳƺطɡ 

طƼȻûƴȡ 

ⷨӼΪգҲ˵ƳԵļҩطɲްգƼûа취ȣҲԤϡŷԶһŭ֮½ƻᣬƲ߱ȫȫʧܡ 



Ʋ 

ƴӹŹתһȦֻ֮طɱ¶ģҲҪӳȣ 

ѺطɽչĻᣬԼļƻơ 

ƿʼͬ⣬ֻһطɳȣطִⲻ뿪ԼҲֻõͷͬ⡣ƻǷŲģŻڼǰһҹŷԶ˺طɡĳŵ 



û뵽չ˳ 

Ƶļƭ۾ 

ŷԶҲ᲻ûٻƵʬһһ 

ƼǰĻڹȿڣԼȴᵱ뿪 

һУطɴƵġʬ塱 

⿿طһ˻ 

һ˰ǵæ롣 

Ⱥ󣬱һ·ͬСطΪϾˣʼղģʹ˸Ʋߣ˦롣 

֮󣬰ƵԸ˻صҴ壬صʱסĵط 





Թ 

طվ磬ҩȥ 

ʰ룬ԵȥɣɶҲһˡ 

ȥطɵղѾæ˰졣˵Բۡ 

˵ţطȥҩȥˡ 

εҡͷԼѾطɻǽŵҪ˳ԷҲԼҩȱһζС 



æ˰죬طɶżõҩ߳ҩݵƵС磬ȰɣȺȡ 

üͷžͶġ 

ѵ¶ͯı飬طЦŸƽüͷҩڰСʱҵģ硣 

۾Ƶؽҩһ¡ 

ȵˮ󡣡طصݹһˮ 

Ǹ绹Ǹ簡Ʋֹţֿɬӹˮغȥ 

طЦȻǸ簡 

Ѿҹ 

ȹҩƾЩ˸Ƿɶһ죬Ҳ˯ɡ 

áطɴӦţҲ˯ 

š 





ҹ 

ڲŷŵŴϣһ˯һշתࡣ 

Ƶĺƽȣط˴ߵƴǰ 

磿 

ϵûзӦȻѾ˯ 

طɽƵƵһ࣬ϴ§סơ 

硱ʹûڴݼ䣬طƵĴ 

õĴߣȵĴУûзӦ˫طЩ㡣 

Ƶ°ͣߵ˫΢΢Ȳأطɵͷ˽ȥ硱һС࣬㻬ǻڣطֻԼһ̯ˮҪϡ̰ȡ۽򣬶߱ȡ 



طɵ֣ͬʱƵ½󡣡ܵ˿Ĺ⻬Уط̾˿ 

Ĵ࣬ƬϺõ˿񡭡 

طɵǺ͸Խңȴʼս˫ۣ˯ѡ 

ԭֻһƵҩУ˴򿪳ļζҩһ 

ҩ 







29 



ط§ƵĲӣ˯ˡ 

Դӽӳ֮Ʊ㲻Ըط˯һ˵ʲôطɳˣճŸ֮Ļ 

Ǻ§ȻòӦҲطɵõ㡣 

Ϊ˲Ʒطƿҹǡ 

ֻнƣƵ¶ȣطɲŻãԼģԼһ˵ġ 





ڶ糿ʱطѾڳæ˰죬˵緹 

ЩǸȻؿطɣԼȻǸ磬ȴһֱطչš 

ΣɶԵ㡣һ࣬ݵطС 

áطɿһۣߵǹĺͰطɵ˲䱻һȺůռݣϣǸԼá 



ٿƳϴԵú촽ܵĻ󴥸УطɵЩȣæͷͺࡣ 

ƸԼҲһ룬һ߳ԣһȰطɣɶȣСǺš 

˵ţЦˣѽСһʮӡ 

طɿƵЦ̣ҲߵЦ 





緹ѱϡ 

һʰ꣬һߵɶǵļաȥѾʰˣһȥķϰݼ 

еطɲӡ𣬵길Լ¿״ֳǰ 



طɵͷ͵͵ӦһŶ 

ô᲻طɵ˼е꣬ߵطǰطɵ֣ôˣɶѹˣѹ㻹ңһֱߡ 



硣طһͷƵĻ§סƣƴȡϵϢ 

ҲģҲǽ˻͸׽طƵĻþòԸɿ 

ƽʱƿ϶ƿطɡڽУΪطɡΪ˰ο§ԼصҴͲԸ׽ 



§Ʋһĸо 

Ǵʱ˿̣ôҲƿԼĵܵܡ 

꣬ΪԼĳߣõܵܺĸ׶ʧȥ׵ʹࣻ 

ԼǷܵܵģܶܶࡣ 





һķͷ 

Ź׷Լĸףѱһ 

СĵذϹϹƷطɣؿͷ 

ڵƣѲջҴ嵽׷ͷݼʱʹʡʧȥ˵Ƿʹģɴڡ 

Լһ硣 

ԼһҪͷء 

ȴϣ븸ĸ 

û뵽Լܾ۰ĵܵܡ 

ʱǨԼȻҲʮͷľȴѲϡ 

ĻѲԼܺ͵ܵܰţԼѾ㡣 

磡طɿȻƣں 

ƻعطɵĵı飬΢ЦŻظطһĵ񣺡û£ɶû¡ 

磬Ҳãȥɡطɵ 

áƵ 



ƣĻˣ 

ĹصСݣֻһС·ԱӲݴ֪ʲôʱͻȻ˴ƬƬɫҰʹõ·һƬ 



⻨ƯɶЪߣ𣿡 

طŤͷŴƬҰüͷͷƵʱѾһЦðɣ磡 

·£˼ҪҰθ 

ȻɽԶƬأĿԶŽ̫ 

ƺЩƺʲôƾô 

 

磬ˣˣһᣬطɲ͵վߴš 

ƻعͷطɣɶȻȥɣٻȥ 

㡣طɲԸ¡ 

 

磬㵽ʲôʱŻȥ 

ۿųȵ⽥ͣطٴδߴ١ 

תͷطɣؼҾȻȥɡõҡ 

 

磡 

ĬһᣬطͻȻһץסƣ 

磡Ҫˣ⻨ʲôÿģطŭɫҵŽűߵҰ⻨ʲôÿģ 

ɶȻطͻŭɻ󲻽⣬סطɣôˣôҷƢ 

ҷƢƵĻͬϽͣطɵˣΪҲ֪⻨ͽȺ԰ĻһģһŷԶصΪֲĻһģһôˣ㺦㣡 



Ƶˢһ²Ұס 

ŭеطȴûע⣬ĻһƵ 

㲻ҲͰˣô 

ֻǸг裡 

ǿ㡢ĥ㣬ʲô 

ѵô 

ֻеһͷĿѣ 

ʱط档ץסƵļ򣬶ƴ 

ΪʲôΪʲôˣǿңǿĵܵܰȻҲ׵ܵܡ 



طɵȷƵ׵ܵܡ 

طɵףǰһλҽ 

ǰʵۻӹȴֵСǿҽƳҩҽŬ꣬δɹһŭ֮£ҽطɵĸױеһ 



طɵĸҲΪﳼŵϣʱѾµУҲطɡ 

ϣطɵĸ޿ʱƵĸɥżáطɵĸ׿ƵĸҺʵֿǵһԴеĺӣ޸ 



ʱƻСԵʣĸ޸ԼĸײúطɣΪطԼ׵ܵܡ 

طҲһֱΪԼ׸硣 

ֱطɵĸǰŽط׵¸طɣطһҩ衣 

ԭȻҩɣطɵĸȴһּҩҩº˵Ϣȫޣһ޶ȴʮԶѡطɵĸԤϵԼ׶༪٣͵͵һѡȴϻʵͻȻҽطɵĸҲجˣֻüϢͼҩͻؼС 



ƺطǿżҩ裬ƭҽҲƭ˾ŷԶӳ 





ǵġɶǵġɫ԰ףץסطɵ֣ɶԶҵĵܵܣҵ׵ܵܡ 

Ҳ׵ܵܣҲǣطͻȻҲֻĵܸܵ硭ҲֻĵܵܡҡҰ㡭Ұѽ 



ûƷӦطͻȻȥ§סƣƵĴ 

ȥˣԼһ̵ֱ飬͵͵ǡαװԼҪİ 

סˣɴ۾ǰطɣһʱƿŰԼĴ 

˰ΣһŤͷ㿪طɵ촽ɶ 

ƽطһξ룬ɶ㻹С̫硣㳤ˣͻ֪ңֻǵܵܶԸİ 

ǣطɼҡͷҰ㣡ҺڽеһμʱҲ֪Ǹ硣ǣʱ;ø׽ÿμ㣬ͺÿģûм㣬ܣϣ㡣֪ŷԶг衭ܵý粻ΪۣΪѹмɶʣɶʣ磬ҺŷԶΪǿңΪǿ㣡硭Ұ㡭ҲҺô󰮵ܵҡҪ԰ҡòã 



˵˵ţطƵĺ 

εؿЦ֪ؿ˽Լʹ޵طɣֻطɵı 

ɶɶ 

һᣬطɺ۾̧ͷ硭١ٲϲŷԶĥ㣬㡭ǿҡ硭ôԻ 



ƵϣΪط˵ŷԶ֣¶ʹ֮ɫ 

ɶƵˡҰ⻨ΪŷԶΪֵģԭ⻨ֻŷԶҰ࣬ŷԶ֪ҾΪʲôϲ⻨ 



㿴ƵָƬƬҰϲ⻨Ϊԣ⻨ֻǽȳȵķ򡣡 



ɶƿطɵ۾һһٵصǳ˽ңЩʲô˲֪ȴܿԲµ˵ȻǲֵܣͨˣϲֻΪҰɣΪŷԶ 



ɫȻնԥ 

Ǹ㡢۲ơ 



硣طţ硭Բ𡭡 

ɶһ˿ӵɫҪǰŷԶ˺ң˺㣡ԶԭԶᣡɶҲԶҵĺõܵܡԶĸ硭òã 



񣬿طɡ 

һ˫ε۾طɲصͷ 

ȴһ㡣 

ԼıȻܾ绹ȥһ۰Լ 

ֻҪŷԶֻҪԼһֱڸߣ 

һ죬Լ 







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磬ƣ 

ط˳ػصңױƵؽеĶݵƵǰ 

Ӵô㣡Ƶͦɣ 

磬¶Ǯطɵ 

²Ǯӣ 

һײ˻ģطɵҫȥм׼ʳ㶫û뵽ʳȫ˸üǮ˵Ϊճɲãʳ߲˶٣ԼǮȫˣ㿴ģһأ滮㣡 



طɵĶϹź飬˸˷ܵĹâ磬ԺԽԽˣҽãѵͣĲңճɲÿζϸüǮʱػЩö磬һһԽԽõģ 



˵ţط̲סȥƵ֡ 

һ࣬طɵ֡ 

ߵһùһëͷ˵ЪЪ 

طͷƽһԼû뵽ֻǽëطɵӹطϵ㣬ȥæȥˡ 



طɴڵζ 





鲢ûطֹۡ 

Ȼȥһ۰طɣطйǵĶǲźۼض㿪 

ֻõ̫ܵС£ͻ׶Լֵֻ֮˲ԼطɱһΪʲôס 



ȴطɿ֡ 

ΪԴƱ׺Լ͸ľ룬ԽԽԶˡ 

Լ֮䣬·һεǽطеǷԽԽҡ 





ƺҩеЩ룬˯ˡ 

Ƶĺƽȣط֪Ѿ˯ˡ 

ڸҩΪ¶ԸʲôӰ죬ԼԶԼԽԽܣÿ쿴һضԼЦһغԼ˵ŻȴԼ§ʱ㿪 



ǰԼģӸ翴Լط֪ǷݰԼԸİͬûжռ 

뾡취˦ȻΪˣҪģóŸ磬ǽ׽Լܣ 



طߵǰŸ羡ȴݣһϣ·ʲôסҪȴصѹ̲֡ס֣Ƶա 



أָĴе㣬ͷ˫ַͷ࣬סԼ壬ԼѾѾõ˫ 



֪ҩطɷĴ󵨵ؽ⿪Ƶ½󣬸˿ļ 

ҹðѹѾõŨŨкСݡ 

šطɵĴƵĲͻȻطͷһȣ 

ʲô 

ȻطɸеһԼƵڵأ̧ͷطɿ÷ŭԼ 

硭硭ϸΪʲôƻͻȻطؿƣȴ૵ر಻͵Ļ 

ŭϱطɳ½ָطŭ㡭ɶ㾹Ȼ 

ȡȿȡһҵĿԣƾס½ָطɵָҲҵز 

ͨʹӣطɲ˼ǰ硭û°ɡ硭 

ƺݺݵ˦طɷԼ֣ŭȥ 

硭ҡ 

ȥ 

غط֪θǶŭ 

硭ҡ 

ȥ 

ȥ 

ûпƷôƢطɵͷӵȥ 





űϡ 

صڴϣĿһҵʹ 

ܻܵС£Ҫؽ̡ 

һһظԼԽƽϢԼŭ 

ǣǡǿռԵӵһʹļϮͷԼ޵ģǱǿȣ 

ղڰΰУǸѣ·ج֣ 

ܵһУɽԼϮѹԼ 

ŷԶһǿҵĲӿͷ 

ȻѾӳȥȴǼ򵥵 







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֮ļ죬طɶҺ˵ 

һֱעƵɫ 

Ƶûطɣʼɫ 

һطɸҿˡ 





ҹ 

طѾ˯ 

ȴ˯š 

⼸Լ˯úȻԸϣ֪ԼΪطʲôľٶÿȵط˯Ժ󣬲ܰ˯ 



⼸طСԼĿûƶ޷ȫͻ˵޷ͻĲǼ±ԼʹĻ䡣 



ԵŷԶŭŷԶƻŷԶͻȻԼŷԶӰǰ֡ջñɵģѹطŰŷԶ 



ǿ! 

طɵĿ·ڶߡ 

תͷһŴ˯طɣ⼸طɿģһĲ 

طɣҲ˲ٿࡣ 

̫ԼŻˡ 

Ѿһһصˣȥ¡ͳͳǰɡҡͷ˦ȥȥΰļ䣬ƶԼ 

˭Ӱ 

ƾ´ƿţߵСԺС 

һƬţֻԶϸ΢ļ 

ƺûˡ 

ƺۻ 

ƺԼġ 

۹ܣ֪ΪΣܾðһ˫۾עԼ 





Щطһֱͷɥ 

һֱԼְûôʱӦ˵ûжԼôøԭԼأ 



ȫҪԼǸ 

ǣԼҩΪʲôͻȻѹˣ 

ѵԼôҩᣬԼûô 

ѵ͵ҩܣֻиԼˣܲǸ绻ġ 

Щˣֻϣ 





طɴϻصС 

硱˺üΣط̲סƺ 

ɵƻعͷطɵʧӰ٣硭硭졭ǡ 

طηģƵġˡ 

ǰͷƴֺԼģԼΨһˡ 

Լ˲ٿࡣ 

ţЦЦǰطɵĸ첲ˣɶ粻ˣ£ֵܺƵģ 



־ϲطɵ磬㲻ˣ 

εطɵͷһֱطɵϰ߶һԺԲˣ֪Ժɲԭ㡣 



ǣǣطƵƵͷܱԭ£ҪԼӦʲôá 

Լĸղ˵Ļ˷ܵؽĶٵǰ磬һףɣҽȥмϣ˲ٺòأм 



ˣԼˣû뵽طɼǵѹǰ͸ո˵ҪʳϻǮһȥˣԭȫΪ˸Լף 



ֻطִӻͳһϰ˵Ҹһܽر磬ܽرܹģֻзڲģ㿴ðɣһԣòã 



طԼĸ㣬Ƶͷů 

ǰطɣֻһԼ 

ͷһᣬۿһȣæͷεʲôһǮЪᣬȥȥ 

˵ţƽӹطе˹ֱȥˡ 

磬Ұ㣡 

ط׷ƣҲȥ 





һӵĲˣĵطʢ 

ɶȸ㣡ƼһȣŵطС 

磬ԡطʿˮȼлС 

磬ǰҲ£ϳҪԼÿεһһȣÿΰԼĳˣ͵͵ذļҲˡٺ١硭 



СЦÿطɵͷҹ㣬Ϊ͵԰СͷС󣬹龫СͻӶ࣡ 



ٺ١طɵɵЦţ˵磬ÿλǻ㼦ġ 

ʲôƨɸңװģҰȳˣ㡭һתǵĻ 



ǣֻصط 

 

 

һ˵˵ЦЦˡ 

ֵ֮ǰϣҲڲ֪ɢ 





ˢ룬á 

ͷɶֻ֮صǰطһҲеɡرֿɶ޾ЦݣƵҲ 



ɶһˢ룬һߺҰǸµ˿ùɵѾˣ 

ɶ 

ɶ 

ûӦҲδ룬ֱ߳ 

ɶҽ㡭 

ﱻӲؽں 

۾ֱ㶵ؿſڣ 

ƱӲվС롣 





վſڵˣȴȻԼ˴𺳡 

ɵ̤żһ߽ڣһЦ 

ƣþò 







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·ɵһ㣬ֱֱվ롣 

ֲ𾪡־塢һƵоһƬհף 

ƾվţһֱ΢Цţһ߽Ҫߵǰŷ·ͻȻѣ 

˼һξ룬˱߽УŷԶ 

Ƶҵزš 

ŷԶѲ˵ʣˡ 



ˣ¾δŷԶºۼʹ΢ЦţǻȻɵƣԲηϸ룬Ȼطɵſڣһ˹ȥһ§סطɣҡţɶɶ 



طɵȣһھҡ֮£طɾȻѣеǣŤͷѷɶôˣ 

˵ţƽطڱԼֱŷԶꡭģҲҪߵģɶ޹أҪɱҪˣһжģ 



һ 

ƵȴŷԶŭ 

ŷԶķӦĲһϾԳһ˿Цطû£ֻǵѨƣҴӦ㲻˺طɡҶٲãҲΥĳŵ 



סˡ 

һҹǸҪֻԼҽĿû뵽ŷԶȴ֮ؼϡ 

ŭ̡ĥвӳҲ־ıŷԶֵΣȴûԤƵķƽ˾ 



ҲطɴңԵѨʱѨԶ⿪ܳеԽͣȴŷԶ˵˳ߵǰᰴסƵļ 



ӴŷԶ֣ƵӲǳ˯δѵطɡ 

ƶסΣŷԶԼļ£סԼ֡ƵӣֲľҲ 

£ơŷԶʮֻա 

Ƶֱ䣬ȴ˺顣 

ŷԶüͼɢ˫΢΢ϵĺ⡣ 

¡ŷԶοƣҲ׽ģֻǡ㡭ŷԶ˶٣ֵ˵Ҳա 



֫ʣº͵Цݺȴз˾κˣŷԶʲôĥԼ 

ȻﾪɲϣƺƽĲҲֹͣ 

ŷԶΪԼİοã²ˡƵ֣ƣǳȥߣ𣿡 

־֮ɫŷԶֵ㲻ȥҲˣƣǲţٲ㡣 

ϳ˯طɣٿǰڽк绽ˣδһĬˡ 

ֻҧŷԶŷԶֵ֮УҪǿ 





ɼƱŷԶţҰɱ 

סԼֻֻ֣Ȼյòȴ·йŬҲ˦ 

ֻ 

Ŭֲֻ䣬ͻȻŷԶѾͣ˽Ų 

ɫѰһʱ䣬Ʊ治巽һشĵĻ㣬ƻȻƬԼϻ 



Ѿҹ޷ͻֻŷԶӻһһⶫֱֱطȥżĺХ 

ԼһյĹԶ춯δ֮ʣһԶһźƣ·õ壬ֱʣߵʱ컨ǿ֮ʱҹա 



컨ת˲ţġƵġ̵ġϵģɫĻȿֺؿڿʣգߵƬҲƾ 



ϣԼƽδ𣻵ϣԼƽĻֻԼЩˣþȻߵŷԶСʱԼҲẒ́ǵ㣬ȵ⼸ׯ𡣴δҹɫһʱ侹ԼС 



ŷԶƳԵؿ飬·ֿɽǸ꣬ġ˷ܵġֻΪԼǰʵǺױֺõģֻԼǰδѡ 





Ҳ֪˶ãһ̻ʣҹĻ㽥ڳš˸ĹҲ 

ơŷԶƵĲᣬ㰮춼Ϊš 

ŷԶδΪ仰ϲ񣬵ƵķӦʵ֡ 

ֻƵͷ˼ŷԶɲŶסӡ 

Ƶ˫ȭսΣһֵĻЩֵģ 

ƾϸ΢˿࣬ŷԶ¶͡ 

ŷԶûеͷûҡͷֻ˵һ䣺 

֪ϲ 



ͬˮͷţ͸ 

ĻԼһǰзĻһǰ˵ŷԶһǰ֪Լ 

Ϊ֪һֱδŷԶ֣ȴ֪ԼŷԶ֮У֮èץϷ 



ָǶԲԾҧʵ֪ 

㵽ס롢 







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δָƻԼľİŸм㣬ĲмһˣŷԶҲ⡣ 

޿κεƣ֪㲻ңҡǣ벻ţһҪ㣬ôֻϣ㿪İˡ 



̾һŷԶת߰ɣȥм䡣 

һ٣ֵҲþû˰ɣ 





ŷԶǰ治ţ·֪ƲϲûǣƵ֡ 

ãȻظŷԶ 

һж̫ˣ·һĵձ˶ͷ̨ȴһ̱ͷţ˴ϱ 

ϰᡢϰơϰŷԶķʩŷԶ̬ȵͻ䣬ᣬƾһֲ֪ػҸС 



ţ·ԼƵģಽظŷԶ 

ˣ˼ݸĸƼ㲻һ˷ԼŷԶ֪һطɼԼڼҾԼšһˣܳŵӼįģѰǣԼûзڵмȥ䣬ľЩڴ 



ڴˣŷԶ˼ָơ 





ʱѽ 

Ӧüžտмȴ·껹Ҫ֡ 

ճ¯İӣִ㣡һǮӣ 

ŴĹ𻨸⣡ŴĹ𻨸⣡ 

ʵ㣡㣡 

ۣۣ֬֬ 

ֵϣˣˡϷĵǣ죬ͬ硣 

ôƫƧСѵҲ󾩳ҹУ 

ѵʲôرӣ 

˷ؽֵĽֵ˳ơѾþûС磬һжôϤ档 

ŷԶվߣȻƵĿѱϵСעԼĴ߻¶һĨ΢Ц 

ȻƸˡ 

տʼֻ۾ĬĬؿģһ̲סһС̯ǰĻÿʼʼһաҿ·һĺӣէȻͶֵ䣬Ŷ˷ܡ 



Ҳ֪˶ã˶á 

Ʒ·ŷԶҲЦݡֱ͵ȣŷԶͻȻָǰһ¥󣬵ƣǵ¥ȥЪЪɣ 



·ԼĴˢƵɫһӰˣϵЦ಻ 

ǰôпسͷƶûһüͷȴΪƲ԰׵ЩģŷԶʵҲ̫Լ顣Īʦ˵ģһ飬ͬҲҩɽĶҩԼ㣿 



ŷԶȻ֪ʲô¡ǳԷȾƵطǹ˯Ŀջ 

ô֪߳ܵĽͣƶʱеԼŷԶҲЦؿƵɫɰת졣 

ƲҲҿŷԶ̧ȱߡ 

ƢˣŷԶĵûвãΪ״ζԼ¶еϲ 





¥ľ¥ 

δмƲ֪ 

ŸеЩˡϾ书ǿŷԶο󲡳 

ЩʲôŷԶơ 

Ťͷ⣬¥Ķ¥ż䣬ýмľɫ۵ס 

˸ӵŷԶҲգϲ˵͵͵С˵Щʲô 

һĿĸʽСﲻضϺʽȡܽذƻ㡢С⽡һڶƻÿɷ񣬿ɵʳһӣȻޱ飬ĿѾ̲ס¶֮ɫЩȫղ·мʱ࿴۵Сʳû뵽ŷԶǵһȫ˵Լǰ 



ֺԼ 

ȥԼıΣԹŭܲĺͣʲôʱң˵ˣ 

ҡҡͷŷԶһ̶Ƶǰ 

̶ǰƵΪѵðһΣԸղм·С̯ǰ̲ס˺üۣվΪ޷Ķա 



ŷԶƣôѵ㻹ףҲٱ㣬Ҳҵʲôֻϣҵİˣǡء¡ʼ 



ˣ 

ƲԼĶǲǳֻ仰Ȼ³ǧЦ 

ƵɫŷԶ֪ţ֪㲻š˵ԼҲЩͿʱ㡮ˣҵĺҡҴûڣôܻ͸̱Ԫĵҩֻ㣬ͻȻˡǿңգ̫˳ӣҲգҲ֪Լôˣϣһ˳ңطôᣬһˣǵʱʬ壬ҵķ·رһ㣡 



СʦңԲԶκ˶飬Բκһ˳ΪԼ㣡ʼҲΪ㡢ռ㣬˾ͻ׿ǡôҲŲ㡣һߣΣʵʵͳҵˣ˵öԣϲ㣬Ұ㣬Լûз 



ϲ㣡 

Ұ㣡 

仰ƼôܣŷԶôΨҶġƻߵˣþֶοԼĵˣ 



֪㻹ûҵĵһӦϲΪһᷣ㣿᲻ơ˵ŷԶһ߬סƵ֣Ҹл죬лֻң㻹ţ̫ˣ̫ˣ 



ԲơԲ𡭡֪ǰ˺㡣ԲԣңԲԣ֪סȴ㡭ܾҡңҲٱ㣬һã¿ʼòã 



ǰͬ״εӣƵһС 

ǰ˵ģ棿Ǽ٣ 

Ǽ٣Լ壬ֺ 

棿ĥѵΪԼһȫת 

˼䣬ضǰ̶һţ 

㣿ŷԶڴĿ⿴ƣȴֻź̶·ȫûаԼıȥ 

ǽƻŷԶ̷ƵıѾʼԥ 

Źκһϸ΢Ļᣡµ˵ŷԶȴƣ˵ϲҡҡǲģ 



һе̶ϡ 







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̶˳磬ҪƵۡ 

Ʊֱŵؽ£ҵվˡ 

֪Ӧľ棬ͻȻƳű߻ιһӰͬһݡ 

򣡡 

סǸԼʮһľΣ彥תҽΪƸյ˵أһȻԲѣСȺ޲ߣλֻشѹһֱơλƺطֵҾѣѣҩļǮøˣڰ͡ˣֵһֱΪм;ء 

ôɣҲ 

ллһֱôչֵ 

ֻŸ̸ŷԶԼϣƲδڿŷԶʱɫ 

ʱһʾ⣬ĿȴʼͣŷԶϡ 

ֻɫһŷԶ񣺡μ 

Ľֹǰڣһޡ 

 

ƿǰϹϾٿ̹ȻһŷԶʱסˡ 

ŷԶƺЩãػӻ֣û£ȥɣ 

ʩһȻĵ뿪 

ƴţΣ򡭡 

Ķӡ 

ĵӲǸʮĺӣܳһʮͽοԼҲʮͷ 

·еɻŷԶǴͶʦȺΪ򡣡 

ǡô 

ŷԶ̾˿ƺ𾪹ȵڻʵԼһһֱ¡ 

尴̵ķӺҩΣǼЩ󲹵ҩģôӡĲô˳κã 

ѹҩмϤζ 

ʱƻЦԼҩϰˣȴԭͼҩģ 

ѹѺҩǮ˱ˣ 

ѹƫƧСҽ˸Ĵ 

һʱ֮䣬Ƶӻˣ 

ŷԶ§סԼ˷ 

Ƶ૵ΪΪʲô 

Ϊʲô֪ȴץһȥ 

Ϊʲô͵͵ǰң 

ΪʲôЩ£ȴ֪ 

žΥ˵˹뻳ůоŷԶǣǣǣƣţҲٱ㣬һҪ֮һУֻϣ¿ʼ 

 

·ʲôͻȻŷԶĻֲָŷԶ𣺡㡭ǰδĹģӦò֪ҵ 

㡢ô֪ģ 

ŷԶЦ 

 

ϰ˵Ҹһܽر磬ܽرܹģֻзڲģ 

ط˸߲ҵ˵·ڶߣ 

ô㡭һײ˻ģ 

ʳȫ˸üǮ 

Ǯǡ 

ǵĶϺüǮ 

硭ԴԺԽԽˡ 

˶촽ͻȻ嵽ߣָƻͨĽУµǡȫ㰲ŵģ 

ŷԶûлش𣬵Ĭϡ 

ꡢˡԽԽٵĳ𽥾۾ӵȺԼȴ㡭 

ԭһУȫǰһְţ 

ƺǰһ˵ŷԶ 

ûгͷûп̡ 

ĬĬػ 

̧ȥƿŷԶעԼ·˵ֻҪϲ 

һӶţԸţ 

ŷԶǸרԵŷԶĬĬΪԼһ 

ǿŤͷ¥ֵĽУƾһҲ˵ 

еŷԶԼ𣺡ƶ㲻½ңԼӣֻĵչ㣬ֵ֪᲻㡣Ҳܿ࣬úô㣬ϣĵЦǡ¿ʼô 

ˣ 

ŬƿŷԶԼ֣Ƽ¥ȥ 

󣬱ǾɥֵŷԶȴ¶һĨ΢Ц 

ҵСƶղƿҵ֣Ѿ統ôᶨˡ 





Ƹ磡 

Żŵسţȴһϸϸĺֹס˽Ų 

㣡Ƹ磡ӹ̨ͻȻܳһ꣬һѱסƣƸ磬ǲǵң½ɣ½ɰ 

½ɣ 

Ǹʱ޵˫ͨĺӣ 

ǸĸԼȵĺӣ 

Ƹ磬ҸմӺԺ治ţ㣿ôᵽ½˷ܵرƴС 

Լǰĥ̲꣬ס˫ۻرסӣԼΨһĵܵܡ 

һֶֻȻ½ɾ˻ȥȻƱ㿴һΪ˹Ŀ 

ǸʮˣսʱƼƸƹ 

Ʊ;Щ죬Сôһ֣սʱŷԶӣϡƺԭࡣ 

꽫½ڻУõԹں棬Ҫǰﲻܣ 

½ɲŬš֣磬Ƹ簡Ƹ 

ɫ˱䣬Сɶ˵ʲôƿ½ɵ˲ɫ 

Ʒ·ˡ֡ 

һŤͷŷԶѾ¥վԼԡ 

ŷԶæ½ɣ½һݵڵأ 

½ηЩĶҲһ˿亹 

ɣŷԶƺ鲻עڵصϣƵ㲻ˣȥ䣿 

һһӸղŵĻлعƷ·Щָ½ɣҪ½Ļ 

һ룬ص³֣ 

˷ҲˣŷԶǨŭ½ɣ½ɵ߬ýأ֮Ա͵ۿŷԶûʲô֮ɫ΢ġ 

֪䣬Ѿûˡ 

㡣 

ŷԶ˽Զߵ¡ 

·߿ʱ̾һ²ԱƵеȻ 







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ƻߵſڵߡ 

½ɸĺ棬ȻٴŻˣٲǳƵ˷ɫЩ㷲 

һʱ˾ԡ 

Щꡭ 

Ƹ硭 

Ĭ˰ΣԼͬسӶЦղΪŷԶĳֶһʱɨȥ˲١ 

л⣬½ɵ˷ܾˣƸ磡ܼˣôЩúòã˵ˣ˺һӣ⵽ô£Ϊʲôˣôֺͱһ𣿡 

Ƶķʣһʱ֮Ҳ֪λشֻܰЦ 

ҡҡͷ˵ҡ㣬½ɣô 

ң½ָָԼǸһġһǰ˵ʲô￪¥Ҿ͸ˡʼһΪʲôر£Ȼǿ¥һ࣬ͨһƣôôֵ˵Ҳ֪ͷ 

Ѿ֪ŷԶŵƣȻ֪ͷΪʲôôĪҲʮ־ȡղ¥ϵ𾪺ͼ¶ҲѾƽࡣƿһŷԶȴƵƵ꣬λ硭ô 

˵ѽҺܺá½Щ˼ЦˣƿóǷĵġҸЦ 

һҲҵĳػۻҸɣĺܺá½Щߣ⻹öл㣬Ƹ硣˵˵˵ҡչҡ 

ģǾͺãһһֱԼöԲԡʱֻǸоǸرչˡḧ˸½ɵͷطһҲ˲ٿ࣬ϣиչ㡭һ㲻ãҵɸˡ 

ģƸ磡½ɵ֪ҺáһʼһԹΪʲôңҲ֪·˾£½ֻᵽ־̲ס˸䣬ϲ˺׽ŻᡭŻҡҡޡ 

һҹܵĿ̣½ɲеЩ䣬ҿŷԶķ 

ЩȻСɣҺ㡣 

ǣǵģƸ磡½ɼæ֪ĺãƸ磬ǲһΡһζѣ磬Ҹе֪㡣 

ƿ½ɣ㲻ŷԶ𣿡 

ޣ½ҡҡͷʲôȥޣһҶǳмˣǻȥʲô޲޵ġ 

ԣֻǰ͸һˡ㣬㲻м 

½ɼҡͷͬġƸ磬ұǱġҪҪҪҵҲûӵ¡õģƵӣҹúõ㣻ãӣҲֻ̾ԼáȻҺףҸ磬Ҳˣʲô޲ˡ 

˵˵ţ½ɵͷƸ磬ܾûϢģˣû£ûƾʲôȥѽиùޣҲ֪ˡ 

½ɵһϯЩû˵ 

һᣬٴḧ½ɵͷ̾һ 





¥ƱҪؼҡ 

ŷԶƣû˵֡ 

ƺطסСݣм·͵ˡ 

һԲ뿪мؼҵķţŷԶһ˼ӣԲ׼Ƶô룬ֻһظں档 

Ҳ֪ƺǸ˵ʲôֻоԺ˶·һֱ¡֪ﵽûԼأŷԶ룬ܻһɣղֻҺԥɲװġ 

֪䣬Ѿм 

ͻȻͣ˽Ųذɣ 

仰ЩͻȻŷԶ㶡תһ룬¶Ƴ̫ҲܰƵ̫ȥҲá붨ŷԶƸ׼뿪Ƶһ仰ȴһ 

Ժ󣬱ΪôģƳܲ𡣡 



ƣ㡭ŷƵ쳣·طɳºΡңһ̩ɽŷԶҲŻš 

ʲôط˴ԼѾΪô£ҿղƵķӦҲ޶ԡûиж㻹ƶԼĺޣƵĿҲĮŶԡ 

֮䣬ŷԶһסƣƣ㻹ô㣡ҺͿûܺúô㣬Ժ󲻻ᣬԲˣƣֻϣ¿ʼһúô㣬ҪʲôҶ㡣 

ҪʲôҶ㡣ŵ˵ǵõ֮ߵȵȨƸλı֤ϧ仰ֻƵһ˿Ц 

ʹЦҲƽΨһһ¶ЦݡԭڿЦѣŷԶЩ롣 

ֻЦĥʱҾ͵ĬĬܡӣϿĥССݵϷ˳ˣζһӵŷԶѾˣѾ˳ˣҲӵˣΪʲô㻹Źң 

˵㲻ٱңҺáĶͣΪٴʧȥһӦֵߣΪ㲻ٱңΪֵǮӰҹߣҾ͸ö£ȣʹ飿 

֪ΪͻȻ˼ͷŭŷԶٳһʱҲҲԴֻΪ԰һ䣺ơ 

ƵŭͻȻŨŨԳˡһˣôܶù㣿ΪһССݣҾȻһʱ˺ޣȻϰ϶¡ǡǺǡҺܿЦֿǰɣڸղţ㾹Ȼû׽һû˺ҺطɣҾȻем 

ͷЦţЦ֮Ʊ޾Ѫᡣ 

Ц𣿱ĿĲﵽˡΪ㲻ĥңΪ㲻˺ңҾȻм˻ǼġˣȻΪٱӵͻȻӶм㣡ǡĿ⾼ֱŷԶӵһʼҾ룬ΪʲôҪڲΪʲôҪڵ˳ūͺͳΪʲôҪĥ裿 

㿴˫֣ʮָ̯ʮָ׸һһرʱһֱ룬ΪʲôʮָͷأҪֻһãֻһĻҾͲʮˡ 

ŷԶסƵ֣ư͹ƽָף֣ܵʹֻڡ 

ԼٴĿࡢٴҲνͻǡǡƵ忪ʼҵز㺦˷ɶ㾹ȻȻ˷ɶ 

ʱƵŻմա 

ŷԶÿһ£Һ㣬㻹˵ʲô¿ʼ 

ƵһΡҲһ˼ɵ¶ÿһֶŷԶ 

ơơŷԶ֪ΰο⣬ֻսƵ֣ϵͻƵ֣ȴԽ̹ףƵԼȴԽԶ 

һᣬƽƽʵҲǲʹҲǲѾһΣҲ֪úûҲûбȥ㡣㡭һֱ㡭ҺۡҺܡֻ밲عԼӡԺҪңղ˵Ҫʲô㶼ң˵㲻ٱңǺãԺҪҼ㣡͵Ѿˣ 

ŷԶԲԸ֡ 

ϣĳŵ仰ŷԶ΢΢ɡ 

ŷԶԥһ˲䣬˿±ˡ㡣 

˵꣬ͷҲصˡ 

ֻŷԶһˣƵıӰվԭء 







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磡磡ѣѣ 

峿ɵ˯ۣͿطɾʧ 

磡ŷԶŷԶˣǿߣ졭طɼٵ˵ţƵĸ첲磬ǿ족 

ƵķӦطɵľȻֹ 

طɴ㶵ؿĮȻط˸·Ҫ˯ⲻѰӦطЩ޴룬ҲҵЩ 

طƣвĵػţ磬硭 

΢΢۾طżĵı飬΢΢̾һɶҪǣӵӵȥ 

˵ţƷ˸Ҽ˯ң 





ƺˣֱ˯Ͳ 

طѵȺߣϵѾˡ 

طɺ׵۾²ЩǷΡӹطɵݹ࣬һطɵͷɶҡŷԶ֮ģӦá㡣 

Ҳң㣡طɼסƵ֣硭ǻ߰ɣŷԶѾˣѾ֪ûǳģʱҹһ׷Ź㣬һᣡǿӡ 

סطɵ죬ҡҡͷӣӵȥʵ֪ˡ 

ô᣿ôܣҵ㣬ץȥ 

δƻشһʮĻﴫڶ˶УҲô 

ŷԶطɾŴӵ𣬼վǰƸŷԶ֮⡣ 

ȻڳһҲҪļƣԽڳ亹й¶طеĿ־塣 

طɵһֱƵ֣طɵ亹ѾʪƵġ 

طɹǿӣĵĳĵطˣеһ˿ůЩᡣ 

һطɵ֣ʾطɲؾţȻ󻺻վ𣬵 

ŷԶͻȻ֣Ϊ֪뵽кסƽƺ޺޵ȴطɵһ˿ţֱƽ˵ 

ء 





Դһ쿪ʼƺطɵļо;һ֮ŷԶ 

˿ʼļ˵˼ŷԶҪĻŷԶ֮ƸɴտڲԣҲŷԶֱ͸һ㡣 

ŷԶԴٴγǰ֮һµʮᵽƼУÿδʱҲƲҲգ·һ㣬Щô򡢲ĿƲݵζ 



طɣƸŷԶͷ˴ŷԶʱһҲǹȥµӰһʼŷԶʱطɻʮֽšأطɷŷԶǰɷԼбͶŷԶв䳰ȷ 

طɰͲŷԶŷԶҪɺȥ 

طɵŷԶںö֮طɶŷԶÿҪطףŷԶȴڣȻÿαŷԶÿαùǺȴطɡ 

ʱˣˣҲ˵ҲᡣôһطɺŷԶ֮仰 

գطɿŷԶĿƣ뵽ŷԶ⼸ţŭƵܽݣóʲôһˤŷԶǰĳǮɫԵضҸ磡 

طڵϵģǧƽƱΪ¶һƽʱ򱻷֣ƱһֱƷţ˼ҪôͻȻط𣬱ӻظŷԶ 

»û˸˷ָűӶŷԶ 

ŷԶɫ˱䣬ŭɫٴԼ˵ҪĻƽǰСһҲͰˣȴŭֱϴܡŷԶԼãȴѾֻ̧Ҫһӣطɱʱ¡ 

ʱֻطɿѾףŷԶƣ𵱳Ƶĳŵ˶١ֻôһתĹҲ¡վŭƽֻŷԶ磬طɵѨطɱڵãҲ˵ 

ط죬ȴ֪ԼѾӹŹǴ˸תֻ 

ֵñƽʱס 

ʱѾ˹סطɣŷԶ 

ŷԶģҴӦ㣬Բ 

ŷԶȻǿŭ𣬽µשҲѳɿ顣ƼˣŷԶ֮£಻ЩȻ˵һƽʱƲ˵һ仰ллδ 

˵꣬ƴڣصһҧ촽һԡ 

ѩ׵ӡʺĴϣǿɫʶŷԶһýһñһζֵá 





Ժƽ޲ 

ƴŶط˵ʲôطɲٶŷԶ䳰ȷ˱ᣬΨһģطöݺݳӵĿŷԶ 

ȻŷԶѾ֪ԼδԼȻٴСڶܣڵܾȥתתҲܰطɸɸũǴСģǼ졣 

Ƶһùһ졣 

⵹ŷԶҩǰΪ˷űŷԶ˽ҩͨҩУҩЧȻ͡Ȳ֪Ȼֱ͵ϡʼŷԶƲܣưʱЩҩŷԶҲͷġ 

ˣŷԶа⣬ȻƿϽԼĺ⣬½Լδ 

ǣ¹ȥˣһֱδŷԶԴɫ 





ոĺüڡ⼸գƺطһֱæµŷԶҲæڴûֵ 

һգʰĶȥ 

Щӿɰѷɶ۵ùǺĵɻʱطҲԼɣҲԼɣ°ԼˡĻһطɸɵġ 

طϼ룬ǰ۵ɹúںڵģ಻ۡ 

ӲطȥЪϢġطӣϲοɶȻѾˡ 

֪صſڣƿšȴǰξˣ 

ŷԶ֪ʲôʱѵڡطɡطɵĸ첲ȴطɵϣ 

ůƸеġ 

ſңɫħطɿƣͬǰ˹˵ƻʹޣ硭롭 

طƻɸӰ㶶ͣ𵱳ڽеһĻ絶 

ͷطɽ§ڻ£ɶиڣκ۸㣡 

˵ţ̧ͷĿһֱŷԶ 

ȴһԡ 







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ֻ˵һ仰ߣ 

ͶķŭĿ⣬ŷԶ̾˿ˡ 

£û˵һ仰͡ 

Ϊ֪ʲôҲš 





ƺԽԽϲ̾ˡ 

ΪѾԼΪʱվԶƾͻᵭޣʵҲһһŷԶԤڵķչ 

ǣΪһ£ֻΪһ£һжˡ 

ŷԶûкԣģʱط¶һ˿Ŀ⡣ 





죬طмѡǰͻȻˡ 

عӣȥһˡ 

ʲôǡֻеһʹûеطɷӦ㱻ιȥ 





ط۾㿴ŷԶ 

ȥһžӸ¡аթڣʢ˶ᣬֻüһ˿䡣 

뵽ŷԶԭطɲЦˣȻ󷢺ȻŷԶҪĿȫ 

ҴӦơط¶ı飬ŷԶ̲ס˿ڣҴӦƣ˺㡣 

˵ţŷԶԼ֣ʮָ޳ԲԲļ룬µġ 

˫֣һطɱ 

ŷԶ֣ʵǸŵˡ 

ߡŷԶӱ﷢һЦ϶թʲôŵͽ壿ѵŷԶɫͻȻ֣ҴӦƵ£ԲΥ 

ԡŷԶߵطǰ㲻£Ҳɱġ 

ҡҲŲ㣡طɹŲӴţ΢΢ȴй¶ĵĿ־塪ϾֻǸʮꡣ 

ôǡǺǣŷԶЦˣ¾ͺáһҪ㡪һѹķȴˡ 

ԡŷԶԴЦĿȴðһ㣡ҪǰŪ 

ޣطһڣ֪ҸͷԸˣҲóѣ 

͹װһƿ 

طŤͷ˵ı飬Ǻڵı顣 

ԸˣһЩͷۡŷԶװǻƵԼ̫ѨôأôأҵͷˣѵЩͷܵóѣ 

ʲôҵͷطתͷŷԶ 

ŷԶŵذڰͷôҪ˵˭͵͵ҩ˭͵͵ᱡ磿طɡЩֶΣң 

㡱طɵ۾·Ҫȴ˵ 

ңŷԶЦˣӦøлҲŶԣл⡣ 

ʲôշ飬·ҩȴҹطȻ򣺡㣡ҩˣ 

㻹㱿ҡŷԶٹЩӣƽһЩٳֵġĻϲĵܵߡʵڲģǰȽϺá 

ޣʲô 

ŷԶɫһ漴ָֻǵģǰҲԼ⣬˺ܶ£ҲԺԲˣԺһᱣҸ 

ޣΪ㣬ŲҸ 

ᣡ 

ᣡ 

ᣡ 

ᣡ 

ᣡ 

ᣡ 

󶷼һֱŲӳһᣬŷԶ·ȤҲᣬѵ᣿Ϊ˰ߣΪ˲żˣΪһֱ㣬ȻҩķĲʼ޷ȬѵҸ 

ģطɵɫһӱò԰ף 

ǡֻǡı׷Եãطɷȥ˵⼸֣ͻȻϲŷԶӲͷƤеôһúչҸ磬һչ 



ŷԶûٷơ 

ֻ磬һӣľܰһˡ 

ŷԶַǸ˵ѨǸ߳硣 

طһˣʧɫصڵϣȻȸղżŷԶʱԿ־塣 

ˣȻƣ 

磡֪ط˵ƵǰקסƵ۰ڣ磬ǣġ˵ŷԶ˵ 

Ѿָжɣȴһ·طɵĽ͡ 

طôܽͣ 

Ƶȣ޽ţ磬ҴˣҴˣҲƭ㣡ֻʧȥ㣬뿪ң硭ԭҡԭҡ 

ƵͷʹڽӵĵܵܣǱƭʹࡣ 

˱ط߬½ǡ 

ŷԶ¶һ˿΢Ц 

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ȻŷԶϣƳɵŲӣŷԶ 

ǡȥһ¡ҡл˵ 

ǡ֣ŷԶĺҪǻɳһ㣬ͯʱԼѧһ׽ʱҲûȸԾ 

ŷԶж˻شϰԵƵĸ첲ȥ 

һźۼضŷԶӴɫƽ 

ŷԶûעƵС 

ƵؿŴڵϵطɣԸؿطɾ۾ 





һ԰ӡ 

԰Ȼ󣬲õõ¡ŷԶǸԼˡ 

վŷԶߣȴŷԶ 

ֻǴؿ԰еǿðû˵һ仰 

ŷԶȻ԰׵ƽ΢Цţȴżѵȴֺ꣬αںƬ̣ 

ƲδŷԶȶã˿ڣ졭СͺֹܴﶼҲ 

ŷԶţûгΪ֪ڵƣҪߣǷйԼֻĵڰˡ 

ȻûеȴŷԶĻش𣬽ŵǵʱֻйʱ򣬼ܳ⡣ϲԼرϲԼȣѵһؼǰѼȷָҺһһ̻ʵذԼļȳ꣬Ȼƭҵļȳԡʱ꣬ʱͻˣǺǡƵĴƺ¶һĨ΢Ц·Ƕƶʱ⣬ֵӡ 

ʵô᲻֪Ǻҵأʱʵ̫ˣʱһ󲡣ҲôãССģСèƵġģô᲻ѺöøأʱҾ¾ҪȥһҪ׬ܶܶǮҪõĿҩҪƯĻҪÿ춼ܳϼȡ 

졭Сġȫ˻䣬ÿҽʱ򶼻ᷢƢһֱͻޱӣ˵Ҳˡ˰ʱ͡硢硯׷Һˡ 

ֵСĸرáСʱƢ񣬲ҵĻҲڼֵأֻܣûٰҵĴ쵨ӺСÿοҰԱһ߷һ߿ޣ޵ñһÿζЦ簤ֲۣʲôʲôһΣһ꣬ǴεҴرӶˡŻˣһӾ˵ϣҵŹӣšҪ磬Ҫ磡ҪˣᱻģҵôæҲ˴ˡٺ١Щ£ϲ¶Цݡ 

ôСôۣҡģһãһϺӡţƱ۾Ө۽ǻ䡭 

£Ŀ 

¸ĸܵܶһ˳ⴳ 

ʱһɾ¡ 

һͨĴ񡭡 

ʮһͽ˽ȡ 

ġ޴̾ߡǿ 

ԼŷԶƴͻȻŷԶµ˱ˣԼطɣ 

ǸԼЦŵģǸޱεĿ⿴ԼģǸ֪ԼŷԶг軹šƸ硱ģǸš˵ʲô֪һжΪҡطɡ 

Ǵ覵ϲѪ΢ЦʹŤ 

͵˫ۣʹѵֱߵˮ֪ԼѾ档 



ŷԶĵؿƣĨȥϵˮȴƵ 

ŷԶƵʹңûϲ㣬ǵ𣿡 

ŷԶͷпֹ 

Ƹղ뵽ʲôѵǷйͨ 

·ӡ֤ŷԶ룬˵ĻŷԶһ 

ϲ㡣 

ص³⼸֡ 

ʲô 

ŷԶϲؿƣƶڳˣڳҶģ 

ŷԶ̲ס§ƶڿϽˣһúð㣬ġ 

һƿŷԶã˵ϲ㡣 

ص³ˡ֡ 

ʲô 

ŷԶˡ 

ƿŷԶ 

ŷԶǰƭ㣬Ҽûж˵ʵǣҲƭ㣬˵ģʵ 

ϲ㡣ȻԼԼԼΪʲôϲ쵰ħǣҵȷϲһرõʱ㲻ٱ޴ңٷҹ򣬸סúõʱȥɽΪ˵ʱ򡭡룬һǲͬģʼҲãΪӣв˶ģСɵ뷨ôǲǣʱҲ֪ϲ㣬ֱֱһ죬ףԣҲرֻڶеһֻѡҺúԼԼԼԼҺ޲ɱԼǡ 

ƳĬ˰Σ²֡ 

ŷԶʵҺСʱҲˣҲۣ˵ţ¶Цݣ˵ðѽҲϣвҪɱңҾͻ㣬Ҳʡ๦ҲôƤ֮ࡣ 

ŷԶķ·һݺݵش˽ȥ𵱳Ϊ˱磡׼ȷͳһƹ»ꡣ 

Ѿȥơ 



ŷԶʱʵҺ㡣ڴʱʵµҪµģ·ʲô֪ʲôҺ㶯ġ·֪̫ˣô 

ƣŷԶҲ֪֪Ͳ㣡 

֪Ƶ㶼֪֪ϲ㡣 

峺ŷԶ˵Ļ 

֪ұˣҶˡҵĸоԼϲһг裬ôŷԶ˽ңȴ˽㣡 

Ҫ˵ø𣿡 

˵㴦Ļǵｨһ򣬲Ϊ˿ҡȸмı飿 

˵ûңҪŹңҾǰͬ 

˵㲻һֱҷЩ㡮νĸı䡯Ͷͱ 

˵᲻֪һ书ǿ֪Ѿ֪һῴ§졣㵱ʱͣȴýְ취Զϣ졭ôȵڽϺ绽жֻ֮䣡 

˵ķӣ쳹׾ѣģ죡 

ƵͻȻڴŴ 

ŷԶţϲңҶġǣҸֻþֶεõ飡 

ŷԶƣƵ۾һμʱ峺մȾһ˿ӳ 

һ˿ѵԤŷԶͷ˵ͷǵģƣ˵һû 

Ϊ㣬Ϊ˵õģҿԲֶΡ 

ǡŷԶҺǰͬҾ˺㣬ᣡ 



̾˿ʱǨ 

ŷԶʵ˽ҵˣ㣬졣 



ǰ˳ʱҺչˣĸϹӶüȻ⣬ģΪ֪벻ҵģҶҲûи顣 

ǣͲһ㣬ҡ£Ϊ֪㶯ģϲ㡣Ҳ֪ģȻֶ֪ΣﻹЩҡŻţŻẦ¡ʵЩңҲŶԡ 

 

֪꣬ΪʲôͻȻʧȥ־ǣ֪ 

Ƶٴδ£ԼϲˣԼΨһĵܵ˺˽ԴˣҪôȥ 

꣬ҡͣض˵磬ûϵ磬Ѿˣ磬ҰǼ¶ˣ磬Ҫչҡһֱ˵һ˻ 

ǡҡҡͷ۹˶ã᲻ҶԶǰһУԶ۵ĵܵܵĿ࣡ 

ԣŷԶĲ˺ңŹҰɡƽƽعԺҲ㣬һ𣬲ᰮ㡭 

Զᡣ 





طɴڱĵϣƺɡ 

š֨ѽһˡ 

ߵطǰ֡ 

طɼԼ۾߬ס֡ 

硱طɺһۡһ 

Σǻں޶мؿ 

طɱסƣƻҭ磬ҷģҾƭ㣬磬ҲҪңҪһˣ 

ḧͷطɵͷɵӣǲᶪġ 

˵ţ˫סطɣ૵졭졭 

ӵůĻУطΣ޵øˡ 

һᣬƷſطɡ̧طɵȥطϵˮ졭Ժ绹ǽô죬粻ᶪ㣬һֱߡҲҪƭˣòãԶĸ硭 

ԶԶǸ硭طз·ѹһʯ 

طҡͷУطɿڴʹı飬ͷصȥ 







һºҴһ˼һֵܱеĶĵ뿪ˡ 

º󣬽дŵϢ׳ͻȻ˳֮λˣʲôطʲôȥˣһ֪ 





֪ʲôʱ򣬷ٵݳ¿һձ̡ 

ݳÿ¿ϰټ䣬ôСձ̣ʵڼۡ 

˵ձֵܿģҪɵܴܵձܵ˵ǿձ̵ġ˵洫գձҲǿ⣬Ϲ㣬Ǯˣټֵܶձ̬ȼڣӵҲԼҲڡ 

գձⲻ 

ձʱֻܵǸЦ˼ձѾˡ֪һһ 

Цˣ⺢Ӿǻ˵˰֣ˣҲȱһձȻָձ̶һլӣЦأ˵һĸ˶֣ڴľլţլһɣһӴССܵðٰʮˣձ̵⻹ܲã 

ܵҲЦˣⲻÿҸôطأ 

ڰʰ޴ߣƽʱô˵ܵܵĻ̧ͷĶѽҲϹèӣһطֵžͳɡ 

˵꣬˶Ц 





ڶ죬һ֧¯ӣܵһԺ档 

ձǮһ 

ġŻͷҲ̧ػش 

ǺãԺÿҪһ 

СӪձʡ⣬粻ɵ̧ͷ 

ɫˡ 



·ڽ伣϶ĿͨİŶѰŵˣȻݣ£ձ 

ָָ˽լԺԺҲھˣա 

ܵѾеţߵߣ䱸ؿˡ 

翴ˣٿ߷·⬰̵ĵܵܡ 

ͷͻȻʹʹ 



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