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һ 
һµһ峿ƣ޷硣 
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ڹ԰ŵС̯ 
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СۣһĴСᣬʮ壬Σģò쳣Ӣ˽˵͹չһƴģֻСˡ 
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ͬѧǶϿΣ·Ǳϳġȷе˵Ӧģʦ˵·棬Ҹӡ 
Ͽϵʮӣ·һͨڣǰһͬѧ˫۴ˡȴۣ˾ʲôҲˣȻʰ·ʱô 
ͬѧ̵С棬һ顣 
ѧУŮĸǽϱ˸˵ǳ·ģˡ 
ȣû꣡·氺׳ʱһĿ⡣ 
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˵ز˾˵ 
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Ʒ۾һͰţƤȥ˼һ˵ڿһûһߡ˼ҳ·ûùҪõ϶߭ȥ 
˳һֻų·棺˭൶ĲܣƷҲܣʶԿ 
ث۾ܵҾõС 
ƷЦˡһֱб۾Ǳ߿ǼˮţҲƵĴ治һףЩ֣׶ĺԼôû 
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ſͣ˼гţûгλˣ̫̫Ų϶ 
ܰףܺ죬΢΢̣ЦرÿƤӨĹСǼܣ޳ 
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ͬѧҲǸ׾ĹСӣһ 
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˺óʱ䣬ز֪ǸĸƮƮĽг·棬ͷϿɽƵĽƷɡ 
ʮصһαʵģ˵ĸоͻѪҲûʹе£һֱǸƮƮıӰʧڹսǴ 
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ë·Ʒʱȥ۾֪ʱҪ۾ڵݣѪˡ 
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ٺɳҲˣëɶ档 
һѪѾ䦿ˣǶ̤۵İš 
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ܿҪܿһ治һı 
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    5   
ëĺܳԾֱԭǼ󺺾ǹչŽŻ 
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ԭǳ·棡˼ҾͰѴëһӴզҲëҷϻô͵ 
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ëҴ˰Ѵ˿һѸﱣҪȥ͵г 
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װһ߰ڲӪ͵ģӪصĵƹõģһ˿һ·ܳϯ˾ߡ˺Ӱ˰Ѿװһһϣȸ߸Ьºˡ 
ë˵ˮ·Ȯ᲻ 
ĸˣëЩ;ɥ 
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ʱˣһɳҡҷ 
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һûŵԺ䣬ëȥˣܿ˿˿һµг 
ʱгǴż¥ϿµǸ⡣ 
26ëϾˡӸߣֳ 
ɿһСӱߣ£һƬ֣Ȱгժˣóﱣĸӡ 
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ëæˣ̧ͷ˱Űվǰ 
ëȿһŮˣӰĿģ¹Ů˵ӫӫġ 
 
гԺͷ̫̫⼸ԺͻȻ˺ܶİˣǰӣһӴ硣 
ȥһ÷Ů˼ҵġ÷ʮͷûйɷгְǰ공 
÷ǺŮˣԺഫ˵ʮʱһʮĺ˯ϱЬι֡ 
ͷ̫̫֪ô֮Ьʲô¡˵ɣ˰۾Ǹĸϻ˺ˣô໵ӣҲ㶼ܲˣƱж񱨣Űɡ 
⼸÷æӳȥˣѼоƣһмĴͷ̫̫ǰ߹ 
÷ǴкԺк 
÷ȹӣ黨䣬·紵ڶʵɫǵӲãֻü˸ʵͽĳ 
⼸÷ҾƮ˵㣬бӵĻȭ 
ƷˡƷȥҽԺˣҽ˵Ҫģǹ涨Ʒ˵㱨ɣһʶһˡɳٳûˣƷɷ룬ƿ򣬳·漸ˡ 
չתסҰţͰŵ÷̶ 
Ұ÷жĽ飬һʶ÷˸ɽ㡣ٺ÷飬ҰɳЩ 
һεϻСܣа׳ʵһĺںСŨüֱڷĻᣬгһڣѳĸĶҲһ߰˸ֵˡ 
һզ˵Ķ׾ϼһīһ̤ڴϡ 
ڲ˵ƷڴϣЩƣͷЩΡ 
Ķͷǽϡ 
ĶǸϣҲ֪ϻ첻˵󻰵ģңôһġ 
ҸĶ͸˵󻰣˵д󻰣ʰһ 
˭Ҵںһۡ 
Ķһסںӣ˵һ䣿 
ںԲСۣûѸĶˡ 
ѽզ÷ˢ룬ΧΧȹ϶ˮܹ 
㣬û¡Ʒ˵ 
أ÷˵ 
ȥ˰ɡ 
Ķֵܣ˵ΣԼˣϽóԵġ 
ĶһҲк߰˸ˡ 
ںеţԺһ¶ˡ֦ҶŨܣرںɴЬˣӣ˫ȥǵ 
ںкüˣֲϴӲġÿλؼҶĸװǸ⣬øľ裬ſһϴǰ졣ںסϾɵƽһһĻĲݡԴʧѧں;ؼˡ 
˫ƤЬҲĥںһǰ죬߳ȥûãһЬ 
ЬѾˡ 
һϡ˵ͷľ㶼һһİӡӡ 
ıȣҪˣҿ϶ȥں˵ 
һ칫ں׽סȣûȽгͰˣҴƨɵһ 
ˣںеƨɵʪģ̧һʺѹ 
Ʒɣϸԡںӵ˳ſڡ 
ģ÷̽ͷʡ 
׽ġں˵ 
ԺˣԺ¡÷˳ 
ںֳˣһ 
ԶԶĿ˵ҰСŶߡҰŹʣƤЬں۱ˡ 
̧Ƥǻᡣ       
    6   
أǸɾϻɢϴķζ 
ĸߴĻᰤźں 
ıȣ㿴˼ҵҰ졣ں˵ 
ܸȣС㿴ǰˣĸûǮ˵ 
զأ 
ʮУÿгľǼС 
˵Ůˣ 
ƨ˭˵ģ 
ָҵģ˵һСŮƬתơ 
áָæɶ 
С˳͵˼£˵£ˡ 
ˤɣ 
ɶ 
˵ˤû 
ˤˤ 
վˣһʵֳ 
ں˿ĭһ꣬ţһȥ 
÷ڴ￴˸ĻᱻƷˣŵأĵĲᣬû 
ںŻЦ 
Ǹ˧ĺӽɶָˣ㿴ԡ÷Ʒݡ 
ƷŴܴ󣬺żСӡһ̨ҡͷĴ 
Ʒڴ˵ۡ 
г·棬⼸ѧˡƷ˵ 
ͷܸСãСÿء 
⻰ϼ 
Ҳܸ¡ 
űţһһ÷ѵˡ 
·ҪƷ˵ 
Ϊɶ÷˵ 
Ϊɶ 
Ұ÷ţֻǼҡʱҰ˹ 
ſһֻ֧أֻŷֻĽϡ 
ҰƤڣںڵĸɾڵй󣬿ԿǸرעˡǱʱƣʱ׶˵ǹҪ۾Сһӡ͸ĶͬĶȻ۲۹ѩĶѩ 
ˣһ㣬ʤ˸Ķһ 
ķţ߲ĸӣ繵ģǵҰ˵ӡ 
˵ĸСãҰ˵ 
ܡ÷˵ 
ŪЩ³Ұ˵ 
ɶ£Ǻ£÷˵ 
ǺǣŪġ 
㲻ģ 
ҲͬҼĶˡ 
һ̣·ʵǿ᲻ñ˸ 
˺˱ǲһģ㣬ɡ 
ŵģʱ۵һŴˡҿȥһŮ˽ŮӴʱ֣÷¡ 
ѽСˣþòðɣ÷ӭ˹ȥ 
øƨС÷һơ 
զ 
զôѽС￴ 
ϵܣԼˣզ÷ϸС 
ԼѽǾͺãôϵܣҵ鷳Խˡ 
ɶ鷳ˣ 
۸ 
˭ô󵨣 
ȸұˮȡ 
ãҸ屭ջ˵ 
ƷޱĳŮӿţͷơ 
7 
ëվǸɫӫӫŮӡ 
һǶڴëϡ 
͵гˣŮӿ 
ëŮʮңģ 
Ůһһվ꣬ʮ꣬Ҳࡣ 
ë֪ϳԶɵˣԶɾ͵թ㣬ʱܶġ 
г㡣ë˵ 
ⲻǷϻŮ˵ 
㻹զŪë˵ 
ٿǮ͸ģŮ˵ 
ëŮ˵仰ʱͻȻתӵģ֮ǰгһơ 
ʮ״ǽëʱת˿͸˹硣 
˶ܣëѾǽȥˡµû¸ɣԵ 
ëվǽϵĺӰգֻһЦӰǱ߷ȥ 
һ죬ë˹֡ëйģֵֵľӹϰ˯ͳηסĵĴëһξƺԼӼѳˣëʮ졣ǰͷŵģëʱơ˾ţëˡ 
վţ̾ 
ëó࣬Ȼû˯þ 
ϴ裬˷һ̸ëͲϰˣûʣûʱ٣ûУëʮֻ㡣 
һݺ󣬴ëҽԺ˸ν֤ 
˵Ҿͺýˣϼ࣬óͱͱ١ 
ӼѧѧУ˵ʱǷҵ֤׼ˡѧĺӶǵʱҵ֤ġ 
ҫţëӼӰ 
ë͡˵ 
զ룿ë˵ 
йʡһ˵ 
輸ͻͷɣ 
û˵ 
ƨҹһǮѱ¡ 
ɶ˼ѽתתȥһ˵ 
û˼תģ˵զӣ͵ƤɣֲᡣڼҴȺȱˮɣûС 
͵ƤϾӡ˵ 
ڵ棬ɶȥëߩ飬￴ 
ɶ㿴˵ 
ҰָɶҰզ 
ֹȥ˴ϼ׵һӸ˿ţ˺Ⱦȿˮ 
˵Ԫʱëóһ˵ 
ëڳԶ 
Ҫ㣬֣ũѸ߶߲ˣϲҪ 
ȣҿҰ֣˲ܣ 
ëһŮӿ 
Ůĵǰһ۴ëͻȻӿŲëԥǲϴˡ 
һƣëס 
ŮӺ侲 
ǰˣԶɵġëӼ˵ 
ŮҲ߯˰ɣӼ˹ 
ͬë˵ 
˵զɡŮ˵ 
˵ë˵ 
¸Ůˣ۹Ůظֱɨ˷ɨ·ˡ 
ĵ·ͩż糯ǰ죬ϡϡļ߹ 
ɶŮӲ׼ˡ 
ȥһ첲סһС˽ȥ 
ŮſںӰˡ 
ڻŶ˽       
    7   
ܿգû˼ϵ濴ĵطһŤŮӷŵװһѣͷһɣȥ 
ëһӵϡ 
ŮӱǰţȥȹӰʮӣֱӰ֣˲Ųֻˡ 
ڶ˴꣬ҲǷɿһ飬Ƥһһָɳľ̡ 
ë߰˸С걳̳Ҫҵطơ 
϶Щʪͷ· 
·Ǳ߼˳߿ţվһһŮӣĸꡣ 
㣬Ǹߺ׳ʵʶǰǸƽͷӣȥܳܲҪһ˵ 
ϵģ̣Ů˵ 
㣬²ð죬СԲС˵ 
ǼԺһˣŮӰȾߡ 
㡭˺ 
Ů죬˺þòĽ÷ 
8 
԰һƬտ 
һǽͷϣ̾ʱǽͷǲ岣ģ类ǽĺҵˡ 
궼Ƕʮͷŵģкڵģа׵ģǾӡ 
ǰ˶һ 
˶մվ˸ͷֹˣͷƤŹ⡣ 
˶ûӣͷֱӼڼϣķ̸첲ȡ 
˫ϸе۾ӭϾǶ 
˶磬ҲˣȥƷɰɡһŹʱ˵˿ͷ˵ 
˵ҲԲϺš 
룬ġӺ࣬ûʮ꣬СӣҾ۲ͷϼơһ˵ 
֪˵ˣҶԲϺš 
վѺСˣ˼ΣûӰǱһ˵ 
̣СҲǱ 
¼̫ſ˵ǵչˣԼ߭Լһһ˵ 
Ҳ˵ˡС˵ 
˶һֱڰκӣһëҵͷմֱϣһմһֱϾվһСë 
֡˶˵ 
ԶԶһ˳Ź԰С·Ծıʱʱ֡ 
˶磬ˡ˿ͷ˵ 
˶û飬ϰ߰š 
˶ֱǴëһ۾ȥ 
һ̹վǽ¡ 
а椣񻣬ϸüϸۣƤ׵͸ 
˵ 
˶һԾ£§Ƽһ԰ȥ 
˺Ծ԰ģڶƨɳ԰ˡ 
һƬ֣о磬ֵҶڻ죬쳣į 
Զ߽֣ͷϲɴ 
ɳɳ·Զ 
ǽ˶û˵ֻĿ˭ͷˣ˭첲ˣҿ˾ͺġʱ룬ҴӦðɶ 
˿ǽˣ۹˸ 
С 
㶣ӿ˽Ų 
Сֺë 
ëһվסˣϸϿ 
ǺСë˵ 
Ҳվסˡ 
ëǺӼƧشƵģи˾ϯӡ 
ͷզģС˵ 
ıȣⲻͷҲˡëʼ硣 
ԭӣ㲻˵һΪɴë˭۸ˣһ 
һҲ״ 
ҿһаﲻæʱ 
԰æ㲻 
˭ѽ 
ںͻ֪ɣ棬֣שǰͰҷˡǸݣשͷ֣ӵͻˡ 
գǣС˵ 
ë˵Եɣߣˡ 
ëǱʧˡ 
ںͻ˵Ҳǲˡ˿ͷ˵ 
С˵ 
˵иг·ģҲ費Ҫ⵳ŪһԺҪ¡һ˵ 
üˡС˵ 
˺þˣ˶Ҳû¶档һͷԣи˺һɤӣ˶ 
տĹ԰ûлӦ 
ɶ°ɣһ˵ 
ȥһ˵ 
ͨͨǽǱȥ 
Ǹɶϣ˶ 
һƣҵ·˷ɿĿϵİ⡣ 
Сײĳ鶯һյļ⣬ʹһ 
9 
һͷɴȥҳ·档 
ʱ³˾װģɾ㡣 
ԼˢĶгɿ졣 
ԭ׼гУ԰⣬ǽȥġ쵽ѧУˣѧ߳ϲ 
ԭ쿪ʼˡ 
гһ 
·ϤӰһֱûг֡ 
ʵѧУ಻궼ʶҲ˼˵Ц߹ǵǴкģˡԼͷȥ˰ߡ 
߹ʶסˣ 
ѧվסˣ¶ֻš 
һ˵磬ûǮ 
˵ûǮҲ 
ѧԹߵ˸ǰ 
˵ 
ѧˡ 
˵·û 
һ˵˵ѧУǸ߸ǲʶ 
һ˵û 
һ̣˵˫۳· 
ͷûѧߣһ°򣬾׽磬˵Ŀɲᣬ˭ѽ 
ű˵˭ģ趫ʮԼһѪ·ɱͷһʮɵϺǲ֪Ѿˡ 
ѧ£ˡ 
˵ǣ߶¡ 
ѧæˣߺԶˣһѧ˵Ǽһɵӡ 
֪˳·ȥ򡣳·ȥֽͬѧȥˡ 
гؼˡ 
գֲﶼҶӡ 
ֽſھĵģͷ϶ʪëϴ˯ 
ſһ̫վڱðȡ̫ˣܲӰǡ 
߸Сгбﴩ̫̫ͣǰ 
ǳ·ǡ 
·˼һ˵һʣ̣ʶ⳧һϱߵĲʶ       
    8   
̫̫̾˵զʶҶٱǮˡСʱǰȥˣȥǽˣȥơ 
·ǳǽȥ 
˵ǳǽʵСӣ浹ľ죬Ĳ 
գ۵˳ǽߣһƬʯ·漸гһʼʯͷ 
سǽ·ȥ¶һƬյأ˵Եʣͺͺģݲ 
ϱߺɫĬȻˤֽơ 
ϱʮ꣬׶һװϡ˶ಲ¶ŷེ⣬ǴãЬ 
ǿ·ˣӱ֣ɿ߹ 
ˤֽƣžž졣ﾭСë߹ϰΪ£ǻСëסǮ 
ûע⵽ɱڵעˣˣҲһֽ 
߸һδߴȥͻȻǰĶͷѸٰΧˡ 
һʱ˿꣬ԾӰʯۻҵķɣĺ⽦ 
ϱͷѪĨȥζĽǣǼѾˡ 
ʯ飬󺺷׷ϡ 
Ͼ˸ȳԽԽ·ˣû񱼡 
µĽֵϡ٣ҵĽŲǳ 
·汾ܵǰ棬Ծˡ 
裬治ƴˡ·ܱ߿·档 
۽һС·һһ£Եϣ·һˡ 
ÿ˶ǻӺꡣ 
ǰ֦դ«Ѿܣиֲ˵ˣϡ 
·һܶʮ۾Ӯˣ 
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʮ׾ͻӮͼǰܡ 
·滹ǵ󣬱׷˵ĺˡֻ·ܵդǰͻȻɲһ飬һľ׮εض𡣺˸ϣ⧲·һӣ§ͷһʱ·ҲһʯͷУѪ档 
·ˣǸľ׮ӵĺ磬ϱǾȻý 
ʱѾʧӰ٣·Ǹľ׮ڻ֣۾ȳ·ˡ 
·˿ǰһֿ꣬ȭѪƮƮ漸׷ϵĳಲ󺺣ҲѪȾ߬ʯ顣 
֧ˣȻܵķɿ죬²ΣƮ 
Ҫġ·롣 
·ʱȫǻеˣһҪܣֻҪȥϣ˫Ѿڣǰģ 
ӰԺǰȥԺӣ°̨򰸣һЩСھ۾Ĵ̨ 
·ӰԺͷȥ߸ߵ̨ףһƮһ¡·濴ҵļƱԱӰӣǼ 
һ̨ףûнȥͷˡ֪淢˱ʣͻͷˡ 
̨Ѿһš 
·ؿڴϢһᣬҰںָС˳ʮΧϱǣ̨˻裬̨۷ɡϱмܲסߴ߳ 
·һƨ 
һ˵ӰԺ 
·ˣĽŲоܶ˴ӵӰԺ 
һձȣһĶֵأǣ 
Ʒɵ·Ʒɵ˿ѾˡмûƷˣƷɵ쳣 
򶷵ȥԶˡ 
̨ﻹһЩˣûв򶷡ʶܹ˳·档 
°ɣʶ˵ 
ͷϰשܵĹͷΡ·˵ 
㿴ϵѪΪɶ£ 
ֽһϱߵϻӣ۸ͬѧ۸ֹһˡ 
ﳵؼҰɣ 
Ҳܻؼңկɣͬѧ 
·˼ƿˮϢһᣬˡ뿪ӰԺ๫ϵ·Ѫ߰ߣͺվסʶ˼سų·棬˳еɡ 
һӺʻ˹ǳ˲š 
ٲվסǹˣ溰 
ֻܣҿǹǰС·ȥ·溰 
ʱǹˣǽ۵ġ 
ʶ˴һͷˣ·ˤԶ 
˱׽ˣʶֱʴˣ¡ 
·汻ʱ֪ϱ߱ͱˣһǰĥķش˿ǰزȥð 
·ҧ˵ӰԺǰ˲ʶ 
ܴˡ·˵ 
ǽܵǼأ˵ 
ʶģҲ֪ĵġ 
ְ㣬ҪԿͷˡ 
Ҫȥ롣 
㣬ˣ 
һʶǸҲǽĺͲ̫ﴫߴͳ·ʹĺУ 
10 
£磬ֲﶶչ֦Ҷܱ仯ʱӲʵķ磬ɢ˳еȡ 
ɵϣ˶˳ǽš漸ԶŰ椡 
˶ӣڱģǿļ⡣ 
զˣϰ˶Ǹϲϣ椿죬˶죬˶Ҳ 
˶˫֡ 
˶Ьˣϵ 
סһڣ磬 
˶վһѾסͷȭǰһƬʡŰ˶߰СŶ 
ɿ֣һű棬椳ȥ 
˶ﳤˡ 
ſ޺˶ 
г·ͣ˶һɤӣ 
ﳵ˻æˡ 
˶椻ں 
˶ȥԶ 
죬˶˰椼ҡǸ磬Ƹĸϰˡſڵذϯӣ椵ĵܵ濴һƵ顣 
˶硣椵ܵһµ 
أ˶ 
š 
ȥλˣ˵١ 
ˡ 
˶ȥˡ 
ڴϣ϶ĺۼ˶æǷӣ䡣 
˶˫۳Ѫ 
ûôذɣ˶ 
˶Ĥ䡣椰סˣʹ 
椵ܵſ̽ͷ̽ԵĿ 
ȥɣá˶˵ 
۵һˡ 
磬㱧ҡ 
˶ 
磬ҵզˣ˵˵ܡ 
ԼԼǡ 
ûɶѽ       
    9   
˶һƣıȣӦ֪ 
ǲſСﳵˣ 
һ 
żϰ࣬³ٵˡ˶Ժģòãˡ 
椰Ѱ˶סˣֲ壬Ķ䡣 
˶ĬĬһͻȻͰѰ椰ˣ°· 
Сʱ󣬰˶¾ߣ椸ס 
°ʱ˶ˣͰѰ椴Ӵϱ 
椣̫ˣôأںܺڡ 
ֿˡ 
椣ԺҲˡ 
椷ų 
椣㿴Ҹ˸ɶ˶Ѱ椷£ӿ㶵κУһƲӲӵĽǰ 
椣㲻һֱҪҸϡ 
ᣬֱ˲ӣ˶ˡ 
˶һᣬͻȻŷڴ 
Ұûˡ椺ܻҡ 
һ꣡˶ٴΰѰ椰ľ⡣ 
ϰ˶ȥԡſڵһСݳԷԼֵģûСҷƦåˣǴԡسġ 
Щ˺һԣܾˡ 
ԼҪӣСˣһƿװСա 
ˤƿѷ깤Ա˸ͷȻ 
Է˶޶ԣûǡ 
˶˫Ҳ΢˵㣬ָֻԭ״һھƺܹĳȥ 
˶£Ӫߺܻ磬Ƕ졣µĻһЩϣ˾Ʋ֪ߵغ񣬸֪Ʋĵطɱķ 
ƽ뿪ˡֻҪʣȨ 
˶ԺϣֽĨ졣Ӫ߸Ѿˣǽָָ 
ǽһ˳ЦҲЦЦ 
ʱһײʮ߰꣬ĸߴСŨüֱڷ档 
˶죬һһðһЩ˶˿ģӦǻĲˡ 
˰һۣûͷߡ 
˶첲һ죬Ӻ湿סӡ 
ɶתͷ 
ү񡣰˶˵ 
ײҴˣ˵Ǵүˣ 
ҭ뷭죿 
ǰǰĸң֣ 
вģ 
˶Ӱǿ׳һշͷĽˡ 
һЩܹѰ˶סˣ˶ˡ 
˶Ҳû˱ųȥˡ 
Ǻӽɶ˶ 
Ʒһģᡣ 
11 
СȥҽԺߣ˰̣ʮһ롣 
ǰͷˣǾͲ᲻ͷž˵ 
Ҫ棬Ҫë˵ 
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ҽԺſһ׵ͬ¡Сʱͬϰ˫ӣ档 
˹ȥܽʵģۼһ²ˣһͷҵİ׷ 
ϣⲻǺ𣿰׷˵ 
衣˵ 
˵ɶ׷˵ 
˵ŷ򣬰׷վ·磬ߴ˿ĭƮ˰׷һĭӡ 
治ǹġ˵ 
죬ˣֻǲ 
˳ǽߣ˶˳ǽߣԾɵģ뿿ǽ治ע⡣ 
·ְ򳡣߸ӵĴëվšëͷϰɴɴѾˡϵİɫͷҲ࣬ãЬ 
ɵ¿һ˹ȥ 
ëбһֿ𴦡 
ëסĶԶھˡ 
ͷզ˵ 
ġë˵ 
㿴ңղߡͷ 
մ˭Ĺˣë˵ 
ոȣǱߴġ 
Ϊɶ 
Ƶ£ȳ·ˣСˣ·汻֪֪ 
ǣ֪Ҹ㣬߿ɲʡ͵ĵơ 
·ʡͣ 
𼸰ˣǲϣҪ򣬲ҹƲꡣ 
ˡ 
Ҿ벻ͨ·զϰæ 
ҿʱӾǴңһǸų·棬ڳ·ˣܲң 
ʱһŻɳס۾ 
վɶ۾˵ 
еĵۣվվĶëҲ۾ 
Ŀ 
ɶĿ 
ɵ¿Ը⿴͸ߣôϻ 
㡣 
˳ȥһƽդΧǣЩѽ˿ѽк«ϡ 
һЩֲﶼһһš 
ϳ·ĸףɫѿøĴ 
˾͵һףװſϡ 
ҿɶĿë 
ɶȳ̡դˡ 
ëվĴդ 
ڴëͷҪʱһʮĺ¶ˣתҪܡ 
 
ηŹˡ 
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һصЦҲ˵Ӵë㶵ͳһͰ 
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զ̫̫ʡ 
˵ת 
⺢ӣǰ컹úõģ˵񾭾̫̫ˣһؼңͷߡ 
ȥ˵ 
űȺһȥˡ 
̫̫һСŵɡ 
ʹëЦ 
˷˼ΣӶ¿ˣĿԶ 
ث㣬߰ɡë˵ 
߰ɡ˵ 
קҡˡ 
ͷǶëͳ̨ӰƬͷƬͷģСԼڼҷӡϴġƬޣ¶첲¶ȣڵʱر 
ͷ۾ëɶǸɶ 
û͵һӡ 
ëʹɫ͸ͷҪƬҪߡ       
    10   
Ƭˣӻˡͷ˵ 
ձǸë 
ͷǸåֱۡ 
ʱǿ˹߳һ·硣 
һ꣬ʱȽϡеİ׳ӳͦĻɫڿӣĺɫʽƤЬ 
ʮ꣬ӺܸߣνýһͷڷƮ衣̣޿޵ǣӢͱˡ 
߹ȥˣʹëڷ㶡 
ģһӼÿˣҲ׵ˡ˵ 
֪˭֪ë˵ 
֪ 
ձ˵㣬Сۡ 
ҿ 
ǸƨɴģǸŮ룬Ǹͷģɽʮ˭˲֪˭˲ 
ҿ 
զСطˣ 
ҿ 
谡㿿֪Ϊɶһֱ 
ÿ 
꣬ɶÿ 
Ϊɶ 
ֻ첲϶ǵ̣ʱսԷò˵Ͽģֻ첲ˡģ˭һҪ˭ 
û˸ҿˣ 
û˸ҿû˸ҿˣ˭ҿ϶ۡ 
ë˵ڻĺõĶ˭ 
չģŽСۣоǸŮ룬ɽʮ˶վĴͷصĳֵܣȻĶߣǻҲԡ 
Ʒɺͳ·أ 
ֲϡ 
̣۸ֲˣͷһȺ 
ͷ°Цֻå 
·µġ˵ 
ҴСˣʮˣ·治ᣬϿԿģаѵӰӡȻ·߳彭ֻһ̡Űɣ·Ǹˡͷ˵ 
ͷǾ۾Сʱְ㶵ûˡ 
ͷ߳Զˣһȥʹë 
12 
··ڵعܶڵعŹͷһǷˡ 
ƨɵµŲЬ³̡ 
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ʱǱ˽ݵӰƣǱǡʱʮͷڷ־ơ 
Ǳȥͳ·ھӣˡȳ·ûϳǱǰϳˡ 
ͶŰɡǱ԰참˵ 
ͶſԳ͸ûϵһȥ 
Ǳţ⡣ 
úóԣȥٷˣҶһɣʱȥ,ٸ㰸Ǳ˵ 
·ӵһǱǱǰ·滹ûѧǵһѩ죬Ǳ˳·һѻǹƵģг˿·浱ʱͼСڳӣ̥ɵıӣֱӳ쳣 
·浱ʱ˱ӣŻǹˡ 
һƬڰ·ﲢİᳵ·˶̡һ̶ǻĺõģ·治ǣ̶ңȥۡ 
ϳ·Ͷ̵һС˼ܡСҲʮ߰꣬ͷеȣ̡·˫ӡ˰죬ֻüݣһ˫͵ۡ 
̵Թ̵ۣǸƨ棬̲٣ǲ 
̵֮ûΪѳ·棬Ϊһ˳·һ䣺ļ㣬˭ģ 
·˵Ʒɡ 
ɶ 
·档 
·۴ܴܶ󣬳·һ۵ͷϣʱѪظɲˣ˭£Ҷʵʵţ˵ɲ˭û¡ 
۶ø첲ͷ 
ˣ˯˵ 
һϾƽˡ 
ڶ·֪۽캣ģ˵Ҳܳ 
·ڵعʱϸ꣬һƬ̡ 
ҶǺˮˮ·ϣعﶼŵļ 
һɫγŻˮβͣɻ͵ۿǽĸɲҲڿš 
ǰƽһɫڵС꣬һ˫۾šȻĳ׵ĻĺͦεĺëϿ㣬ƤЬ 
첲ŸϴԿһ̡ 
ɲȥſȣŢеŽż⡣ 
ɲɻҸ˵˵Сϴ˹ȥ 
ɲһۣĬˡ 
·ʱѾֱӣǣ¶Ц 
Ұˡ 
Ұ˵ 
·˫ְǰѣķ 
վ·ߡ 
ûɶ£йϵģ˼˵ʮ죬УҪʮͳˡҰ˵ 
и˹ҡҪʮ죬̾Уɻ϶ܡ·˵ 
۾զ 
·泯һָǸ۴ġ 
Ұȥһ˫񶾵Ŀ 
ĵģҰ˵ 
ģ캣 
˵ˡ 
⳵ɶӣ 
ʹڣձʮأһ絥λġˣںҲȥϡˣû 
ûУͷĸš棬զȥˣû֪ѽ 
˭ģڵӰԺſڴ̨ 
汳 
Ʒڳóϱһ˿ġ 
·泯Ǳ߿ȥҡƷ΢Ц֡ 
ʱҰ·Ǯ 
ʮܿ죬˼Ұ˵ 
ɶ·˵ 
㣬·ʪˡҰ˵ 
ھͷϣˣֽյռ 
ӶһһģԳ·һ 
ɲ̽ӳ·棬˵裬ɲҪ׽ˣ;ռҲܵˡ 
һɲ棬𡣹Ȼ̽ͷ̽ۻˣռʱɲ͵ĳͷһѴȥһȭš 
 
ʱһ߹ۿವϣһĿɢ       
    11   
ռ类ߵϡãó־ϵѪʱվŵ꣬ˡ 
һ 
ĸݡ׾ʮֻǸɲӵеģЩͥķ˻ҪܰЩۼȥ 
ǻŰ׶£ӣɫͷƤЬ 
캣ġ 
߸̵ܽ˸̶ֽܽȻ𾴣һ˴ҡڵİ캣·ߡ 
ձţ⣬캣վ̻ 
һǱߣһˮ 
ܡ캣˵ 
ɶʮһξ͵˵ 
ָʮ졣˵ҪҸ 
Ҹ˰ɣ롣 
ˮô𣬼ٵİɡ 
Ȱɣⶼˮ˵ 
߿Ǹǳ·ɣ˵ 
ʶǻ캣˵ 
զʶһܺӻŷ˵ȳ·ءЦ 
͸ղűܽǻһ˵ 
˵Ʒǵһġ캣˵ 
ʲôƷɣ˵ 
߸磬ҳȥˣʱҡ 
ȥϴ衣 
ڣǻã 
˭Ҳá 
̸ܽɲȻǴ캣ϴ裬һɲš 
߸һʱرţȡ 
ǿ鸾ŮӵĲܹ 
 
ܹһ˷ĳûȼˣꡣ߾겦ҷͷš 
ܹʮͷ˸󣬷ۣ˫ղǡ 
ܹϺëܲ첲͸һֻӥ 
εĺܾ 
ֵˣܹ 
ܸ硣ֵĵͷ 
˵£㡣ܹ֡ 
ϴ߷Ը캣Ǽ䣬ܹȥ 
ܹߵ裺Ҵĺò裬ǰë⣬㳢 
ߴһ£ַˣͷҸúĺò衣 
ܹ̣զ˵ѽ 
ҡҡͷ̫ð죬ɡ 
ܹһᣬڴ·óһǮߡ 
ܸ磬Ǹɶ 
ܰװæ 
ɶаװæҸ硣߰Ǯ 
ܹɫûϣˡ 
ܸ磬ûϣǮط࣬Ҫʱ㡣 
ֵܹ˼Ⱦ 
Ȼ 
ҫ˼ƷϡһʮСĿϬɨš 
һЩƦվ̡ 
Сֿˣ߲ܹ 
ˣ׽ˡܹ˵ 
û¡˵ 
׽Ѿǰһֻ̤ϴ۾Ķܹ 
ܹĺˡ 
ȥ̡߶Բܹ˵ 
ȥܹ· 
ܣ׽˵ 
Сȥ˵ 
ѽ׸硣˵ 
׽ܲɽ̤㶵̣߸ȼˡ 
Сɿ̹ 
׽̣ۿŲܹǹܹһ·ģҲģ˵Ҳʶ㣬ǰɣ 
ܹɵЦţٺ٣Ժա 
˵һȾưɡ 
ûա׽ܸ첲￨ȥͬ 
캣ϴ豻ˣ߽ܣʶ˰׽ܡ׽ܶ캣ӡ˫صĿ 
׸縸Ƿ־ְ칫Ρ߶캣˵ 
׸磬л㡣캣˵ 
ܹһҹӪĿͣɹܸɾʮڿˡ 
ܹ÷ǣͿ֬Ĩ۵ģһСϡ 
ȥϷϷܹȥˡ 
÷ûܹˮˡ 
Ϸɶ÷Ц 
ҲЦ 
һҲѽܹĿڼϵת 
ȥҰʳɡӫӫС˵ 
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̣һûմˣӶ䲻ǣ 
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ıȣƣܹ㬻ȥˡ 
˭ѽʡ 
ɧȣһǹѸ÷ܹ˵ 
Ŷ˵ 
۳۵ĺ۵ģҪһݰ 
ԺһᣬͻȻʣܸ磬㲻һֱûǮզðôࣿ 
ܹЦܡ 
˵ŻһˣĴһ£ֱ߶ 
һʮ߰СӵȡСӺţŰֺֹ 
˸ǰһѾסܹϡ 
һߣĶվ 
Сӣɶ 
ѾѲܹϳԶˡ 
˵ߣû£ 
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ձ͵Ǯ͵ʦүǮⲻȫЦң 
û͵ܹ 
һʹɫֿʼ 
ʱܹѾ˫קŷɿϳȥˡ 
˶ڿ÷Թۡ 
ıǿ鸾ŮǵǮңҲǼʮˡ˵ 
ⷹǮզ졣һ˵ 
˭ȥ˵һ¡ 
ĸͳȥˡ 
14 
һŰһƮϡѩ磬·ûֵľްХıʹĹͷһ 
һڿյ·ʦһĵŮԡ 
ξ᲻ѧðʦ˵ 
·ȽϲʦĻ·һ㻹 
ʦ෴·˵ 
ʦѹȥ˳·ʹĹͷм͹İ 
ʦһ磬ǿʳֻѧһҪӮ𣬳ڸ 
ʦ̾ϢһˣӰڷѩн롣 
˵һȥˣ·Ѿǹȥĳ·棬κϱߴܣȥûȺŹĳ棬һбļ򵥡·ŻΪЩ򵥴˻ 
ͷʱ·Ժ˵ôһ䣺ٽ̾ҵλá 
谵ȣŴ򿪵һ˲䣬ʪ˽ưõĴꡣ 
ڡ캣˵       
    12   
Ǳݸ·һɡ϶ʪˡʱ־ֺ;ûзֿǱ칫ﲻԶȾ͹ˡ 
ǰԺ꽽أˮĽǱӻ֣Ժ칫ҡʱ취һҡ 
·һӰӳȥ 
־ǰ·ˮļĻг·濴ǽڴһˣɫ¡ 
ƷɴЦŰñƿ 
ϴ˶ȥȻǰھϯӷ硣 
ǵҰŵģǰ 
յƷɿľûǰµļˣ·ƷɵҰث˳һжʮ˷꣬˦Ļ졣 
Ʒˡ·յҰ֡ 
ɶ˭ǮҰ˵ 
ˣġ 
ϱ߽ＸͷĿںȲ裬һץ˼̹ˡ 
 
ҿҵĸ磡Ұæվ 
ɶϲ£쵽ˡ̳ӡ 
Ʒɣ·棬ϲƸ硣Ұ˽ܡ 
·Ʒɼòĸϲ֡ 
·մӾҰ˵ 
С˼꣬Ҥ۸Żˣ濴Ҥףøɻˡϲ˵ 
һȵ㣿Ʒ˵ 
ˣǺȣǱ߻ˡ 
ϲӵǰ׺ʱֽ̣̺ˡʱҳ̻ų飬ͻͶԣʲôʲôҪԼﶼһܡҰǸߵ̣ų555Ǽѵʱ򣬶Ҳ555СƷɳе̣һһУǮʱҲɽ¶ˮڻںͺںľͲˣëһеḷ́ҪǺƣۡثнǰߵ̣˺鲻ѵģһֱǮģ 
ҶᣬʤɽХʱܺȵԼ˴ 
ĿˣԱעǣһƾܹȥ 
Щſ̸²ߵһгš 
ֻһС⡣ 
СܿǸߴ˵ŮƵĵطСﲻϲ˵Щﻰ⣬͸ʾ£۹תĻӣһӢӰʹһ¡ˣƻͬѧȥã첽ɳС꣬ӢӰ 
ֿСﲻЩ߹ȥˡ 
ʱ·ÿĿײЦˣ·ͷ 
أ˺һ 
Ŀջ½ǡ 
ǱѾȵĻڵأӰ֮Ҵܡ 
ӴˣǷȴԽ治ˡ̾ 
һҡ⼸˵ 
߰ɡ 
ߡ 
߳ȥûлͷܻͷߴ˾ 
긺˺ͼԱǫͳɫγĻƽȵʻ˳ȥ 
15 
ʱͣˣջ졣 
ԵðĻɫδˮ飬ڻƻбĹžɡ 
Сۿʵվ£΢ƽĳһѾĺɡѩɡⲻʱһ¡ 
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ٴοʱһɿ 
שǽȳɻɫʪĴ֣ǴһʢİĹ￴СۣЦݲá 
һķС۵ת 
ȻӰӵ̡ 
ФһʱܼˡСФӵϿʼžļĺˮ 
Фͷֻڽųıԡ 
ˣȥ꿳еǸˣסϵ˿ܣǵȥһ 
 
Ǹ껹 
ȥÿ춼ȥҸĸϲ 
ˡ 
Ҳ˵㣬˵ܰ 
õ㡣 
Ҳ 
ָòϡĸ֪£ 
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Ҳʶ㡣 
ФͻȻС۱סż⡣СҲ촽 
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ФǴŮС۶˵ĻŮţɽʮţ֮Աǡ 
ɫӷˡһʯͷϣӵšˣǳˣȻһһƶǷϱ¶ˮʪһĨǰס 
ʱ֣Сۺ͸ŮɽʮǱгһǱˡ 
˫۾ڳվ㳡δĿǡ 
˶Ͽ˴ƣͨδߡ˶ƣϲƣԲһСЩһҲƣʱʱһ㣬һһѣʴһѾͰûˡ˶ɳµĽУûǮˡ 
ϸ磬վҴͷʱڵĺһЩģƾӣȥҲһЩǮЩ˾ȥ 
λֿʼλˡ˶СۼӰ 
ˣһС˵ 
㲻˶һ˵ 
ȻڶС˵ں 
˶һЦ 
ͷѾǰ˵ӣ߸ˣһ˯죬۽ǴĿ 
ͷͷȿֲöǿ׳ˡ͸ĻʯʯͷиЦһ̳ɣٿ¡ 
˶ͷӰڹ 
ͷ磡˶ӭȥ 
汳ûŪһǮͷͰ˶֣˶ֻؿڴ 
ɣ֣˶˵ͷ 
˶ϵܣҪ峡ˣӿվǳɶͷһͬ˵ 
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ǵŸ磬ܽͷһǮ˰˶ 
˶ҲЦˡ 
˯˰ɡ˶˵ 
ǰ״򲻶˯ߣһȥãǡͷһӣǰ档 
ȥˣһɣʱס       
    13   
ɣռţ⣬Ⱦƣһֱ۾ֱЩ۾ֱ޳ֵǲճģǳ˾ƵţһЩ·˾꣬ˡɹӽ塣 
У˻һ·˹ȥ׽סܳɷɻ⣬ǻҲ͵ˡ 
һͷīǵѪˣīأ۹ֱ 
һЩϳָ 
Сܵ·ߣһשһܹһԾ𣬰שָͷˣһָ֣һͷ·ϡ 
ıȣͺںǸƷɻģС 
ָ˫ͷڵϹţɳȴбƷɣ 
СȥǼשָʱˣƽڵأ֫չ 
ͷ磬ҪʰƷɣû˶˵ 
м£ߣһȥͷ˵ 
ǣߣ˶ 
16 
ФŮ˵С۲ϲ衣 
Ů˵Ҫϲ裬ܻһ· 
Ф˵ǵģʱϷѧУѧУҪ 
ФŮǿһƻһӶ 
СһΨһϲһ׸裺һ÷ϴҹո죬񾲵ĵƹ£С˼еФճ䣺 
ƿճʱҫҡ 
ͻȻ䴰̽յ磬侯ۺΧ 
·Ʒɻڼ÷Һ˯ҰԵģҺ˲پƣ÷ˡ 
÷ģ׳·һڣܻԼңŰڡ 
͸ŷ죬÷ѵĳϯϡ 
ҰŴˡ 
ҪȥɻϢɡҰ˵ 
ǼİҵϾ˯ˡ 
Ժܾľήҡ 
С棬ЬϽ֣С͵һ 
ѣС͵Ь 
С棬⼸뿴Ӱ 
ѣҾ͸ƱӰףǵĴá 
С棬ͱȥˣԼȥ֪һ˷̫̫ÿ 
ѣ֪㣬˵ˣĴû㡣 
һֵˣֲ컹ǻƻ裬Ұģ 
һֵɲ·һש 
ֵɲ棺ɾߣ 
·שģզû 
ֵɲǰһԡ 
·˺һѾˡ 
ֵɲǰһ㲻ٴ 
ԡ 
Կ 
·ש߸ 
ֵɲĶӣǿשವһŶ߷ɹײǽըѿ 
ǳ·˯ʱΡ 
ʱ֣ˣ·ЦЦð鷭 
ᡣ÷˵ 
㣬ϲ㡣ƤЦ 
һѣɢһ߿ŵųζ 
ҶڴϣʱҲŷȣŻһһȼˡ 
ǲ·ɶˣ˵ 
˵ 
˵ 
ȥҼҿ˵һˡ·˵ 
Ҳȥҡ˵ 
㲻ȥŪ㡣Ʒ˵ 
ƷɣҶƷɣǱŵģ㿴һǷ 
ɶţ˵ 
һƷɣǶˣ 
Ҹɶ 
ܸɶܡ 
˭ 
İ˶ͳվĴͷǡ 
÷ͷƷɣҪȥ˵˵ʶվĴͷ 
Ʒ˵ȥɡ 
ϳԷʱﶼ˵¡ҰҲˣֵܡ˵Ʒɵȼ̣ͷĿɽƣǱۣƵվǵȥ 
ǳƷɳ·浶СȻǺ󻰡 
ϴҳϯڼԺ˸տĵشûЩ΢ʹ˹ 
·ǡСʱȺãǻţ֯ŮᣬһǻǻẰ 
÷֪ȥˡ 
ҰǼֵҲˣƷɻڲţ˺ں顣 
Ǳߵ·յ·ƣƹˣʱӰӳĹҹ 
÷һ 
·棬ˡ÷˵ 
·һµҲƷû 
ͷ߸ߣΪɫЩȸߣȴϢƯ 
￴·ҡ 
Ѿˡ 
·棬۹զɣ 
·ӹһƬƣںڰС 
զ˵·棬Ҫȥ߰ɣ 
˵߰ɣ 
·ͷЬվߣ÷кȥ 
һֱ߽ڰ 
ձȣ·ء 
ȷϻ࣡ 
Сʱ󣬳·Լˡ 
÷㣬£ؼˡ·˵ 
ѽûѽ÷˵ 
һµģզ졣 
·棬˵ʵզ 
 
㣬ΪˡƷ˵ 
·ⷽ죬÷㣬ܸҰɡ˵ 
Ƥ˭ܿ㡣·棬ˣҲһƬİ 
ȥתת·˵ 
ȥתƷ˵ 
תߣ·ˡ 
 
һƬ߸ߵİ֣汻ƹڡ 
ǰһ· 
߰˸꣬ӱߣżЩҶϣһ̨¼ͼڷ 
ȫǳಲӣƤЬͲЬ 
׾ߴʱץ˼ĿԶգָᲦ 
һĪ˹ƽϡ 
ɳƵĵ 
·ʣ٣񾲡 
ʱһճSο˹ҽС 
ǻһ˵ 
е۹ⶼȥ 
ճڵеתȥܻд˷̣һֱ 
ɢһѼ¼ԭ 
ճײ˴ϣꤻת 
Ѿɼ 
ǰ˺ܻѳΧˡ 
Ҳˡ       
    14   
ϨˣþûǰƿڴʹſˣһһС꣬߸Ѫ 
žͱ־ס 
߸ķ͸³ 
·棡߸ߡ 
֣·溰 
ߣ 
㲻ֲǣ 
һƣ·һ˿ˡ 
ϳﶼ˹ȥץͷŷȭϡͷغ·棬ң 
·ܳϵ¼ϣӺ湿ס˲ӡ 
·棬㣿˵ 
㣡·׼ˡ 
תһ󱳣·һ˳ȥһˤĲᣬ·û 
ǱܹҪߡ 
Ǳﵹæһ֡ 
߹ȥһֻ֣· 
·棬ʵͦһӵģҲզϺһ˵ 
Ը⡣·˵ 
߰ѳ·§ˣ·ߡ 
·棬ͷƷ˵˵ǺȺȾơ 
·治ˣɱһҽС 
ס֡·˵ 
ã߸ӡ 
ԺҪΪ·ҲˣģѪϴ԰һĻͲᷢ 
ϵĽģ⳥һԪǷ 
ȥ·ϣһֱ·棬˵ǳ·͵ְǷǮ 
ոǱ߰׽϶Ѫ־ǿס 
ոΪɶҴǷ˵ 
ոȸ浹ù˵ 
ոΪĶãߣˡ˵ 
·һֱ˵ 
˲·ڣ·Ҫȥ÷ 
ոǮҳ˵ 
ҳ·˵ 
ձգ 
ҹ¹һһģ䡣 
·ڼžǽߣͷһֱš 
·ǱһҲǽߣǳ߿һۣ˴ȥˡ 
Ǳߵǰ׳ʵĺںմӾա 
ںҪ˵ҲǼǰһνӣ˯̡ǰѺһ˴ľʳ죬Э̸ܽɲϻǯѾʳ˿ϡʱѼ 
νù·ôȣֱȥ̡ 
˯żˣΪ׵һģԲʮꡣʱ溬΢Цźں 
Ȼںͱˣọֱ̇̄Ȼִ䣬ˡ 
Ⱥںɱȫ˴ʱۣͰߡ 
ڿ˰ɣȵˮɡקͷͰ 
˹ˣںﲻסǳ˼ڡ 
ãǵں 
ÿٷÿһɣһҶںԲɡŶ췹ɾͱˡǴһĹ 
ںήҵ̧Ƥûˣ·ƮолкϡƮˡ 
ŶӴ򷹣йź󣬺ں˵ɲҪ 
ɲ۹ɨĸ 
о־ֳ 
㲻ˣдҪ氡 
Ҿ˾ˡ 
۹ⶼ˺ںһĨϣ紵Ӳ˿ 
ɲһͷӶ 
ûҲûܽں˵ 
Ǹֳ㱨ɲ˵ 
áں˵ 
úźһɲԺںĶ˵ 
ɫɷס 
ں˷츲ر仯·ȷģиģиԼˣåģϸ΢óɣ˪ںһɾ··ǰ˵ġںʮǮ 
ںһԲܣ˭֪ʲô 
˼ˣ˵ 
ںͷ̧һ᣺ٶûȱݣˡ˲٣еУŮҲС 
˶ʱȷʵ˵Ϊɶ 
ںڣܰףûɫ 
Ц˵ˣСϵ֪Ļ治٣ֳ˾ˣ 
ںҲЦҾ˾˲ 
վںСϵܣ˾˵һҷˣ١ʵӲ󡭡 
ں˵ɶӶɶڸ١ 
˵ڲ 
ںЦ˲ɽĴ󣬲ڸһҪ 
ָȣҼ洫Ļɡǲڲǻûȥ 
ںͻȻŻˣģʱＱ˻Żµġ 
̫ˣûлͷˣ̻ûůȣԤеӱҵ罫Ҫ١ 
ʮӹ⾰ʴ򿪣ƹİˡ 
̸ܽɲŸ첲ִ˽ 
18 
žҹɫһƬȥһƬƵ̯ɢһӰ 
ԵһһС꣬Ьһֻŷڵϣ⽣ͷð 
Сʮ꣬ͷߣȷòˡֻżһ۹⣬ʹĪľ 
һ¶۹⡣ 
ںιˡ 
һ⽣һȣں 
ںС귢κ飬ãã˺вǺںһ䡣ںĶͷܶŸĶͶСˡ 
ܴڣ 
С̧ۿںںⲻ۸ҳҵ⽣⽣Ƽˮ꣬ҸɶСİˣһںںϣոµ·һͿ 
ںס 
ںһţˤûԹ⽵ĶĶҲޱĿֻŤ·ߺӰһʱ粻ĸ˲ˤڵϣֱˤһΣͲˡҹɫһӰɿĶȥˡ 
Ķ΢ЦϳǸǺں 
ںҲҹɫСѹû뵽Сˤôɴ࣬û뵽ǣСһƲɵ 
ָƽѾ硣ںĴˡ       
    15   
ָͷϲɴסʮߵСһ谵ķ䣬ں·˴¡ 
㼸ɷˡָ˵ 
ˡں˵ 
ô졣 
ںüɫľͰѾˡ 
ں˵̣ҹŴ򿪣ɲֽΪ군ˣԭ˵ģɲ˵ӦǶҴãȥ̵Ķ⣬ 
ָ˵ܣǿӣǲʾֳģǲǣ˵ 
컹ٿǮ˸д˸ 
ҷֻҪһ⣬Ͳܱˡ 
զܱˣ 
զͷզˡ 
ҲǵԼȿǵ 
̣Сģ˶ͷһ 
ںһЩˣ˻⣺Ҳˣ̯ıҴʱһĴ 
ȥǮһ룬ûǮ 
һ͸һ롣 
±ݲ࣬סҲ࣬סݶԶ˵ǿɼ顣𳵣ƾ𣬷ɻ˵ˡ 
ںָڶ촩һ£˳ȥȡٿǮʱĸˣҲûʣˬ졣 
˾ͷǮ 
ں˵Ƕ塣 
ָ˵Լǣ 
׻̫ۣϴһһΪ·ˣûˣվͻ˿ӡ 
ںִָڿУһ 
·÷ 
÷ɡͷ΢΢ϸø־ڲ 
ںЦ÷㣬㴩 
ָʶ÷´ 
÷ҲЦһͣһǣŮĻеĻݡ 
ں˵÷ǣ 
÷˵գûԴզǡ 
ں˵ָ÷㣬ϵƷס 
ָ˵á 
÷˵˵ȥ£ټϵܡ 
֣һƬ˸оˬЩ 
ָĳ˺ںһѡ 
ǰһ̨ңͷϹһЩʵƣӵӱһһȺʮꡣйӵģдĵģз· 
ͷ꣬˫̥һһƽͷ˶ǹ飬ӣ졣ϸթƽͷ硣 
͹ˡ 
ָѺں·ߣܿǡ 
˭ѽںǰŵıӰ 
صģͷǳƽͷǵܵܣָ˵ 
˵˵ 
Űӣӣͽ̳С鳤롣 
ȥʮаɣڲڡ 
żڡ 
˼Ҳϰ 
ʮУ˼٣ܰһͷſɨء 
ںָѧУſڶˡ 
Ҳû¡ں˵ 
˰һһĳ飬Ȧ 
һЦСУſڳˡ 
һʮСͷܸߣøġ 
Ů϶ʪġ 
·ںǣںɵ椡 
߸ӵСץס۾ɵ˵˭ 
ںָһЦ 
˵㡣ں˵ 
˵һ䣡 
СƢָ˵ 
ľͳָ˹ָһˡ 
ָıҺ㣡 
㺻һԣǵ 
ָһںˣָɵ椷 
˵ɵ椣̽˫㣬ɵ椣 
ָȣ 
ں֣߰߰ɣȥҲͷġ 
߾ߣ˭ϡͷ 
ںŮˣŮΪŮˣһŮ˾ͰÿһŮ˶ 
19 
ʱ֣ںָһ·Ǳ߹ȥˡﴩ޵Ķ̿㣬ָ˵ЦģĳںȽں̡ŮԴںúںְֺ޵ģоͱľ롣 
ЩŮ벻ںںʹǲ۸ 
ǼѧУںһվСӡ 
ǰЩںññĺںҰĳͷβ 
ںʱ͸εˣġ 
·һ˿һۡ 
ǲܹŷţת̣̯Ϸ澵ӣգһ 
ߴֵһ̦Ĺȥ 
ǴκǳԷһӸˣغһ 
ģԼˡ 
صǹһ񷿡 
⻧˼ҵˮ̣ˮǹ棬Աɢĸֵܡ 
ĥ˵שֻĸ߶ 
컹ûµ˵ 
Ҽļӹ˫ơһֵ˵ 
ιɶ˵ 
򾡣ֵ˵ 
ǡ˳ȥˡ 
ܹˣһָܹһѵȥӷ֨Ƶ 
ǧܣһֵôǮ˵ɺˮ̡ 
ҽ쳤ǧˡܹ˵ 
ܸ磬ҲǰˣôˣҪиҿɸ㣬һ׷ϳԲ 
϶Ҫǧ顣 
ǺǣһǾ仰ǧ飬㰮ҪҪ 
 
ܸ磬Ƣ۲̸ҲƢĸ㣬ֻǧ 
˵ģҪǧҶӣ 
ǲˣ 
׼ҶӰɣ 
ܹȥˣʱûƣıӰԽſʱڵһºˡ 
ԹԵĸ˲ܹǧǮ 
ܹһνʱļ˶ɵۡ 
ʱƵĵƹţæվ 
ܹˣŰӣɫĮмǸСۣ߸Ů룬ұɽʮ 
ܸôˣףǧС˵ 
͸˲ܹǧȻǮô࣬һֵܳȥյġ 
ȺУСۼվţҲֻվš 
С۲̣ŰӣȤĿǽϺҵһ鷨 
ë󶫵һʫʣư硣 
һֵܵ裬û˺ȡ 
뿪ʱ˺Զ       
    16   
Сۣ˵ǲǳȥ 
С˵ԳȥҲԻɡ 
˵ܵܣզҲܹ 
С˵Ҳ㡣 
ʱѼٿǮСۡ 
ܹҪСһǧǮС۲Ҫ 
С˵ǰæҲҪƽʱҵԡûƽʱн졣 
ܹ˵ҸǰŸطסɡ 
С˵ã컹Ҫߡ 
ܹ˵ǰ˵ȥǹɨϻҲƳˣϻͬ鰸ҧ¡ 
С˵㣬ϻզ 
ܹ˵˵ֲˣ㻹֪ 
С˵ûЩ顣 
ʱѾ͸ˣһ磬ܹĿǼС۵ĳң˦˦ 
ܹǮػסϴ٣ȥˡǿ鰸£һֱҹϵ 
һڼſڸХۣҲûɶ飬ХۺڽֵϺУϷһЩ·ĹʰһЩŲ˳۵ˡ 
ܹгǣгԺ 
һ˷ӵƶˡ 
·Ƶģÿյ·¶УҲЩӺˡ·ʱʹƵĿһЩ³Ц 
˲·ڣһŹˣǣŤתѾܡΪתתļ˶ˤ˵ϡ 
߹סǮأ 
ͷû˵ҳ·ҪǮǾͰˣһСõͷ˼ 
Ͼܻ˳·档 
·ϻؼˡ 
׳ĸ׿۾һֳͷĹĸݵԣյɢܰą̂ƻǳ·ġ 
øջˮϻϴ 
ѵСʸڳ·档¥ϵʱ¶ġ 
˿·棬鸴ӡʱ¹ڳ·ϣ·ɫĮ 
·ҪðʣѲá 
˼ſڣ·תԵıһᡣѵˮˡ 
·ڴϣʹͷһֻϯϯö꣬м˯һɫ漸鲹òˡ 
棬ðӣȡ 
·ˣţѣˣҲȡ 
վǰ󱳵ϸʮߵģѿ 
·˵ѣҺúõģȥûܿࡣ 
ָ·ȷ硣 
ôöȥݡ 
·滺̧ͷҲų·棬Ŀ⽻һϬһٻִ顣 
ģ·۹ 
һҹһҹ˯š˵ 
û¡·˵ 
Ҳ˯ţҹ﷭ȥģö̾Ϣ 
ᡣ 
ϵⰡ 
ѣԺΪˣѧˡ 
ҼҵĺӶǺúӣ磬ã㡣 
Ҹû 
ˣѧУ顣˵ҪԸ⣬ȥסһڴѧż٣Һöλ 
Ҳȥ 
ȥС棬뿪һڸϵѧУ 
Ҳѧˡ 
ѻ˶ˣС棬Ҫ 
ѣѧ˵ˣ㿴Ӱ 
һ˫Сţܺ·ھ۾ĸѼָס 
Ժ󲻴ˣ˵ 
·ţ·һ治Ҫٴˡ 
ĸǱߣ۾ĳ߿Ӣ 
һˡ 
ˣʲôҲû˵˳·棬ûֻŲӰ 
ָף·˵ѣȥ֣ͳšʱǹò¶ȵĵС 
һ«վţһƬڣ¹⸡档 
˭ģ·˵ 
ߣΪһٿǮϵѪѾˡ 
˵Ǯ͸ 
˵ǮҪˣһδһΡ 
ô۸ۣ 
˳·棬ȥ˵ԹңԸⵣˣԺžǣǲ֣ëҲ˵ˡ 
Һϡڹ㲻ȥ 
ѽɲһ٣ڻ硣 
̣꣬ 
ҸӾ仰 
ɶ 
˵һȥ߳·Ǵң˵·Ӿ߳·棬ҿȫŮԡ 
սĻһ±ˡ 
20 
Ժ󣬺ںָˡ 
˷ٿǮС椳һ١Сָ飬ںָСˡȻȥĲɱ˸Ƭײ 
һ죬һİʱȥ˳վ 
ָͷϲߣ˴롣 
С˳զһֱûں˵ 
֪ǵ˵ʧپʧ١ָ˵ 
Ժ 
 
ʱվ˻࣬ǻ𳵵վһȻָֻƽ 
ɫĵƹŹΣԶԶȥһĴ£ 
ںָվǰһ̵꣬ѵκƬëëƲʵڻõġ 
˳վƶʲôܿǽߡ 
ıȴͷǡָ˵ 
ǰųվԵʡں˵ 
۾ɣ©֡ 
С 
˶ͷţ۾̧ȥ 
𳵵վӿͷǲ¶ۼɢȥ 
ڴɢзĿ꣬ںָԶճˡпճоճܲ 
ճϵǸؿͣɲģͷ⣬첲ƤģǼ˾ˮ֪л 
֪ͷô©ˡ 
ɲʧΣںָŲæߵǰͷ˴·ߵʱɲð˳ȫԤ·ߡ 
·ûʲôˣŹ⣬ӰӳϹȥ 
뿪վ֣վǴͷĵ̣ںָղź󱻴ͷһ¿ˣǲ鷳 
Ƶĵƹ⣬˲ϵëѩס 
˸ɲԥѡһңëᴩ· 
ǰŽ硣 
ںëԹ̨Ա˵ȡ 
Ա˵ȡ       
    17   
˶ʱһƬֹˣں˵ƤˣٿǮ 
統ȻϣںˤǽڣĽӽ 
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Ȼָȳȥˣĳ 
źںŰӳˡ 
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һĲݵưǽڴ˴ڴ 
ںʣǮ 
ָǮ˳֪ 
ںһѶպĭЦ߰һÿ٣ʣµĳԷ 
ں̫ȽȽʱ׽ģ˰ڴϣһˣǣ˽֡ 
ָݡ 
ָǽݵģ賿ͺں˯ȶˮҹ⼸Σվſ쬵һΪˣͳŰӴſͷЬȥ˹ò 
˴㣬ḥֳ̂ڳѬվ 
ĸϷһƬӬ 
̽ͷʱһۿںǣߣ˻һͳˡ 
ֶ㣬˲ĿָεЦӳԻˡ 
Ӳָж׿ӵģûһؼңС·ˡ 
ԺָõϢȻǴͷµģڴͷˡ 
ʱãǸ·ϢԴ 
ȥ͵Уȥվٱǻĺõģȥվǻˮһ˵ 
ͷѳվĺðӲһǴ򣬶ǵ㣬󰸶ˡһ˵ 
ָ˵͵ǧһ˵ 
裬˭ҥܹûǧָ˵ 
ָҲҴţûǧĸܸܣ˼ʡ 
û赽Ǹ֪ϡָ˵ 
йϵӦû£ǵùںˡϡ£һ죬ºļڡ˼˵ 
軹㣬£˵أָ˵ 
˭ȥվأڣʹ򲻳ۡ˼˵ 
ָ˵һȻһĻͷȥᱻ˿ġ 
ܿҶЦˣͷ˵ûص˶ǣԼ 
ͷᣬһ׷ԷʮˣڽΪ׵׷Ͽ 
˱һЩжˡ 
סԺڼ䣬´ͷ̵¶ҴŹ˵ 
һڵҹͷˣһˡ 
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ͷͷһָ˵Ǹͷָ˼ϴ̨¡ 
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ͷ˻̣ȥ͸Ķӱʯͷˣͷš 
ָóҪҵطԷԶԶĿӣ滹иͷ 
裬ָ˵ 
ûƤûЦŹˡ 
Ūģָָű˵ 
ġձȣʮеһС椣װÿζңˣҴѼѧסϣӼˡ 
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Ȳʰ 
ǣɶ·ƷǶҪʰˡ 
ҿģ 
м٣ߴˣ㿴ͷձΪҺ۸ԣ˭趼ܲˡ 
ָ˵ˣһҡˣ˦űӡ 
21 
Сһ¥ߵϡʱ¥ǽСһ׸ߵˮӡ 
Ѿˣ׹һһĴƲ˦ 
Сĳͱ紵Ʈ衣 
Сڿ¥¥Ǽ䷿ŵƣεĴڷԡ 
ǰ椵ķ䡣 
СͰ÷˶ʵĸоʱ˶ɱһϸɵҹ˶椹ˡİ׷ɣ˶ڴس̡ 
ȥҰɡ˶˵ 
Ҿ˶˵ 
ԸΪΡ˶˵ 
ˮİ椿һʱ󣬽˶סˡ 
һϾǸɲһѷˡ 
Сܲͻıʣ졣 
ֱʰ椣㿴˶һˣ 
椰ͷǴɷ 
С˵ҲǴɷ 
˵˶磡 
С˶Ҹ磡ģΪϣ 
Сټ˰椣һĮȻˡ˭֪ʹࡣ 
ˣ˶ͻȻСڰ椵Ӱӳˡ 
椷ɿĹ˲ 
椴Űɫıģˡ 
ƾ紵С߰ͷһ˿ 
յܰĵƹʧˡ 
ˮкֱײ 
ڶϣ磬Сֺһһ³šСĲ˧ؾ֣˫ԡ 
Ľֵľ¡С̾ûеȼֿһ㲻̡ 
·ǹˮˮСζ׽ʱ֪꣬ʲôԭʱһЩϺ 
С߸ 
ߵ·ڣ͸Ķڶ 
Ķֺ·Ķӥӳݺݵ 
Сһ࣬һؿб 
ޣĶ˵ 
˵˭ѽСվסˡ 
˵㣡ĶҲվסˡ 
Ķ蹷һ˭ҧ˭ıԺԿĻ㣡 
Сҽ㵹ù 
δ䣬ĶͷסСͷһһһӿϡ 
Сͷֻ̧Ҵ򣬺ܿ챻߷׹ˮ 
ˮשˮĶѾﳤȥˡ 
ؼһ·ĺСԹĳˡ 
һš 
ûϰ˶ȴһ 
硣С˵ 
ٺ٣ѽк 
˶ûСȥˡ 
ûУզˣ 
ġ 
һСҪң캣ģҲ㲻ʶ 
ʶɼɶϴȥ 
һա 
СľЬરઽ˳ӣָС˳̽ͷ̽Խˡ 
ӡߺ 
ָ۹񶾵Ƴû˵С˳ˡ       
    18   
ϳ·漸·ļͬѧҳ·棬ûطȥˡ 
ںˡָ˵ 
Һ˭˵ˣզ·˵ 
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·ǺХŽˣȫ֡ 
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߶ʱѪ棬쵹ȥ 
·ͬѧָС˳һӿϣҡǣղŻ緢̼һƬˡ 
һжƽ·泤һ˦ɨˣëϵѪʹҴȥ 
С˳һȥĳˣҪ򣬱ָ˸ 
Сˡ˵ 
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Сˮܳˣϴë˫ĿĿһУһᣬˡ 
Ȼø˼ 
캣ˣʮˣʮ߰꺢ӣʱҡ 
ǷǷӣ˸򵥽˾ 
캣һգգߣ߸磬ȥһ£ҳ·棬ס 
22 
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־סͷ۾ͱıղˡʱ۾ػˡ 
˵˺죡 
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޺Ǳ˺ˡ 
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ˣһ·Ѫ 
һ˷ӵ¥¥˼ŵͷ棬֪ҳ·汨ġ 
·ڼҡٳԸ緹ȻҳߡǾߣʵǲڲˡ 
ڼſٳѪܳ档 
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캣Ǵ·棬ݵšҪһƷڵءó·òϰ;ˡ 
Ϊɶѣú 
캣һƴȥÿˡ 
ҸأҸأƽʱ£˼Ҵ򵽼ˣˣÿ޺ 
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磬˵˼Ҵѣˡ 
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·ֵ캣һﴩ˹ȥ 
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ЬϴëëҲ˵ˣó·ߣҪྡ 
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գ᲻Ǹˣë˵ 
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ˣȥƷ·˵ɿ뿪˺ӵ̡ 
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ҰŪȫԣ̧̧̫ߣˣվӡ 
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Ұ˵Ժ󶼲վӡ       
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Ʒھţգ·⿴ָֻ 
Ұ˵Ұɶ۹⣬һۿ·֪Ǹġ 
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ѾԹ緹ˣ÷Ǳˢ롣Ʒ˯Ǽ䷿˸Ļͼˤֽơ 
ƷɵҰһǰһˣҶۿƷɡ 
˵ҲŪһ 
Ұ˵ͷɡ 
һ˵һͷûӰˣ 
˵Ųᡣ 
Ʒ˵ѵȿ㣬·ɲó 
Ұˣ˯쵽ڶû˯ˡ 
һ˵ڵز 
·Ǻ˽ǽ˰ 
һ˵ȵɶܡ 
Ʒ˵ 
·滺˵û̵ģ߰죬˽·һðʮתܣשͷҷɡ 
ƶˡ 
Ʒ˵أ 
·˵쵽Ժˣһͷûˡ 
Ʒɷɿ·ҵǽһϣ裬ߣȥ 
˳ֳһдӣ˿ߦȣţƤֽˣһȥˡ 
÷ĿǣΧȹϲ￴Ұ˯㡣 
һСʱƷǻˣͨǺϵļһﶼӿˡ 
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߿ɲȿ磬Ķࡣ÷˵ 
չһһֱ趼һԴƾɶ 
ƾ¼÷˵ 
ףǲ 
ͻϮߣ÷ſҰס 
ʱֳ·ŵҰȥ⣬ϵĵһյһյϡӰζ 
һռ̣ơ꣬ӣؿҰ죬滥 
·վһߣһȥͬѧڶ 
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Ǻǣٿѧֲ֪ȥˡ·˵ 
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ǲˣû˼һֱм˵ģ׼ѧ 
·治˵ˣ˼Ŀһᡣ 
ռţһѣ·Ͽ׾ơ 
÷׷ӣҹĻֿʼˡ 
ˣƵ죬߰˸˷ֱּסض 
񣬵ƹҶһһŵľӨ߸´ƵɣһƬꡣ 
ĺӰˢ͹ˡ 
߼Ⱥ¥䣬ʱʱƷɳ·Ұ߰˸һֳߣ˳ǽߡǶ֣žƿƿװˮƿˡ 
ɢ·ϡ 
СʱȥûӰںڰˣƿ 
˵˺þãûӰӡ 
ƷɿڿʣӺˮмҲźˡ 
Ʒ˵߰ɣˡ 
ƿһء 
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Ƶʮѹѹ·ڡȻǴת߼ͷ϶ɴ 
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һ쭿磬Ʒɳ·Ұɱȥ 
ߵȵ£ȻһһƬĶɢˡƷɻשͷߣʮɵϣͷĶѪģֻһͨ 
һڣƷһﳵʧˡ 
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ϸ磬һС־ġСûǽйȥǽͷˮܵģһ̵˿֦Ҷ 
椺һ˹ɡ 
һҽֵϰ࣬ɡĹֱˡȥǱߵλҽңܹˣȥǱҽҵģЭ顣 
椱ǲģ˶ϲ˵ɡ 
հ꣬ߡ 
쵽ſˣһ½ˡ 
˶ǽ˶վţšϸʪˣ˶̷ˮף곤 
椸ǰͣ˶磬Ҹղš 
˶ͷסͷ̧ųСߡ 
椿޺˶磬ˣȥ 
˶һţ椷ڵأ޺˵˶Ժ󲻸ˣȥ˶ȣֱ˶߷ 
ˮУˡ 
ɶţԹۡ 
ʱſѾվһЩˣǸ椵Ҫȥ 
˶˰һţ꣬ұһӣһͷڵϡ˶ҽһߣ˫ֻͷڵأص߸ 
˶ 
𣬰ˮŰ˶ʧˡ 
·һվƴ 
磬þòˡ˶˵ 
߰˸ˣ֣ûССͷ˶ 
˫˰˶̴ֵĲӣ˶ϵܣҲ㡣 
磬ҪæҾˣҲûɶ¡ 
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ÿζǮǲ˼ 
 
˶ѼٿǮȭ˵磬ܵûı£Ҫǳ˵һ 
仰͸ˣ 
ʱֺס˰˶˵߱һСĹң 
Ҳ˵ˣһƷɵͷСҲˣлҵ 
˵мģ˵Ҳǲ 
Ķˣǵ汳ģɴүм磬ˣ 
˶ݲݳ緹ȥһͬϢͬҺܿʮƽĴңڵʱ˲á 
ͬĸǸɲȥĸױϼҡ 
裬˶ڴ˵ 
Ҷ֪˵椡 
˶ҪȥС÷ɡһ˵ 
ȥɡ˶һ֡ 
򲻴˸ұŮӣ֬ͿĺܺŰѺɡЦеġ 
˶ڴҡӡ 
С÷͹ȥˣ˶ס 
˶ǳȥˡһ˵       
    20   
ȥɶֲˣͿˡ˶˵ 
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֪˶ãſϣ̽ͷ̽ԡ 
С÷·ֶž˹˳Ť֦ˡ 
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椲˵˫ִӺĦ˶š 
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椱Ű˶ֿˣ˺þã˶ֻ֪ңԼ 
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С˵˶ǣ޹ңа椣ǸùԺҪã 
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Ʒɳ·˾Ÿڹ԰ĺϣԲ⡣ 
԰ĵĿǡ 
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Ʒɳ·ᶼɴͷҸ첲˰壬ñڲϡ 
ҶĬĬ 
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Ʒ˵ǡ 
˵ǺǣСת۳ɴŪˡ 
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Ҫͺˡ˵ 
ϱǣǱˣһݸ 
˵ͻȻϮۿɹңʮ˶ˡ 
Ʒ˵Ȳ߰ɣٴɡ 
·˵ƣȥûˡ 
Ʒ˵һ˵һҪǷˣŪͽ 
һ˵Ʒɣָ㣬˵̷йϵں»СŪ˸ͽ̣ܲһȥں 
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˵ǰһҼС˳˵ָƺںˡںҲԸ⿸ 
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Ǳ߹һˣһʮһӡ 
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һӰڹȥˡ 
ߵģ֪Уĺɫĺˡǲãľڰ 
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ƷɳһԪ̧ͷһʮҵĹһʮк˽кߣݣضࡣƷɺĿײкеаĴڣѰĹ⡣ 
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    21   
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ߣϴڵȻˮʱ䵽 
ȥϴˡڴɴƷһ·һϴ˷ˡ 
Ȼ߸ֳ˹԰ 
ƱļֺХųˣһ䡣 
빫԰ſڲԶǽϿ˴ĴڡӣֽС 
󺺺һŮ档 
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һת֣Ѿϴ󺺴һתͳ߱·ǰһˡ 
߸гӵضȥ 
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˳·졣 
ǹԭҰ㹷Ⱥ򣬺֡ 
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캣ɶʱȥæһ˵ 
㲻˵ˣȥ 
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    22   
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С˳һڣһᡣָûӰˣָ֪С˳ûп 
սܿ׽ѺһƬʼ 
֪캣֡ 
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    23   
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Ұ˵£˵һɣȥǹˣǮ 
˵ɶǮʶǡ 
ҰЦˣǾͺãƷɣֽϱǱҲˣǸҵģ˿Ҳˡ 
Ʒ˵һǮ 
Ұ˵ֻܳá 
˵ĺأ 
Ұ˵켸ˣ˵ 
˵գ 
Ұ˵ˣϲƳˡ 
ҿ 
Ұ˵Ǵγ·ϡҽӷ磬ھƵ̵Ǹ硣һȭ˴ˡе˾ǱײһˡֱϽӿˡ 
ҶЦ˵иϾ޵ģҲһשˣ汳ѽϴ񫶼û 
28 
ҹɫڣһһǱδ 
׽СģٱСõ˹ֲһѪֹסھծҽСҹǮ 
ǱѾСʱˣۿҹ١ 
Ӹ·Ƕȸ 
᲻Ѿˣһֹ˵ 
ҲһҹǱ˵ 
Ǳ˵¸չǣûһݹ˵ 
˵չľ󰸣ûͻƿڡǸͬѾĽӴˣϧСɱˡǱ˵ 
ץʹŹչġֹ˵ 
ǻģˣƤǼˡݹ˵ 
СǣܲˡǱ˵ 
Ҳץǰ˱;޶һз紵ݶɡֹ˵ 
ʱһиϵӣҹ˾ʱԶʱˣƽƬ̣һӰð˳ǰҸ 
ֹ˵ֹƬ 
ץ׼ 
ʱʱ޵¹УС˫⡣ǽӰĺܿ졣 
ͻȻͱ˵ˣǱȣֵģ 
С 
ӲûסͻȻСˣ°ĭԵڵءʧأһѹϡ 
ݹںСգĪѪʱŷͷˣĸͷճһ 
ǰŹǱж˵ 
ֹǿ̽̽ûæȥؿڣɺСӲ˫۽ǰİ 
϶Ǯݹ˵ 
ȥҽԺ˵Ǳ뿪ˡ 
Ǳ·ʧڵϵһСһԾ𣬰Ⱦܡ 
׷׷ףݹֹסˡ 
׷ˡݹ˵ 
ֹڴԻ󲻽⡣ 
ݹЦˡ 
ֻǰͨһ죬Сڵʧˡ 
ǺǣˣʱϤΣǰǸ񿾮ûǣֱܹȥġݹ˵ 
񿾮ڣݹֻ񣬵 
ǱɣһˤĲˡֹ˵ 
Ǳʮ״ϡ٣ûʱԶ񿾮Ǳһˮ˳ΪҪģû⡣ 
һȳһճϱߣҹĻ 
ǱӦ֪ģСﳤûϤĶ 
˳Ǳ߷ɱȥ 
Сֹ˻ڰţȻѰǽ˹ȥСƽиСԺӡ 
žСõʧʹޣܱˣȻֹ 
СһᣬǶȥ 
һˣһùˮխ֣һ͵㣬ϡ輦 
չŽΧͷһԷ 
Ƕ˳£ڶϵţ¹ڳƤЬ˵ 
ȥذɣһŽ˵ 
ߣϣ˳·㼸Ʊչ˵ 
СҲˣҾӦŪһ˵ 
ŪҲԣҲνһƶ˭ˣмꡣ趼ǿˣչ˵ 
һӶʮС겢һ˹·ˡǳǡ̧һߣһʯӷڹչķϡ 
ǣһ¡չĿϵʯӡ 
ɫһӱˣܹЦ 
磬ǹġ˵ 
ˡչÿӼʯӡ 
ԥץ̽ȥ 
ɡչ˵ 
һվڲԶҧûеȼ̣Ŀӡ 
Ѿ˸ǸʨӱǺ͹ײͷԺյĹչĺŽ 
̣һŰһͬ߶ˡ 
·ڴ·ƨгͷţһ 
29 
ҪƷһۡЩſڼӰˣϽɳ˿գŮҲҵת 
Ůһ·ƯΪǣٴ 
Ծ˿࣬һ·Ůȥֱ飬ҲûаߵĿơ 
ЩһֱͲܹһ𡣲ܹϽƤ񣬴ߣǼ˳վĴͷİ˶罻紦ĳ 
ҶӦæҲǲǰģ 
˵ѵôһһۣٺ٣ȺӢᡣ 
·ܾףǷ 
ۣƷӣƷŻһʱڱ˹㷺       
    24   
ͨмˣߺƷԼʱ䣬һ˵㣬Žṫ԰˹߼ߵ͡мûб¶ʵ¾Ʒɡ 
ʵƷѾõ˺ܶഫԡ 
ʱǰѮʱʱ˼죬쬵ġ 
һС֣Слɡƶ 
Ʒɳ·Ἰ˶£ˮƮ 
˵ģѾ˺þá÷˵ˣҲûԭǾˡ 
·ϣͷʪͷƤ 
·ɵļҲûɡķɿ졣 
ǡƷ˵ 
Էˮ͹ˡ 
Сɺ˵ 
Ʒɳ·ͷţˮ 
ưˣǲ˵ɶˣ˵ 
ƷһԾ첲Сסִһ߳˿ʺ 
˿ǰĥķ 
Ʒ˵Ҿ㣬ɶԣ裡 
·ɶţɿˮ 
ļֲͬ 
˵㷢ˡ 
Ʒ˵һ䡣 
˵֣ 
Ʒ˵һ䡣 
˵ڵġ 
Ʒ˵ɶɴǣȣ 
ţƷԶ 
·ʱҲ˿ͷϻ 
㬵Ĵȥˡ 
ƷҪµǸ˶ˣԶԶۼһĻ²⼸͵İǱġ 
Ʊϼҡ 
죬Ʒɳ·Ұһ߰˸ɵɣõϢҲõȾһˣˤʮ˸һľ 
ƷǷߣûɵ˸һͿ 
ҹʱ̽÷ʮΧ¥ 
˫ţ˽˳ȥƷհ師·ֲ˵ʣŷš 
Ժͷ󺰣ɳˣ 
ɢˡ 
Ʒɳ·һӽҹĻţǽˡ 
÷ɳ飬Ҳסˡ 
ĶƷɰסһƬϾɵƽֲֲ첲ֵ˿ϲСľͷ 
СƧһȥ 
һҹ·һڵƹ谵Ľͷڵ̯һ־顣 
·Ʒɾʱ˽ӹ᲻ʶ֣żǽҲѪӿ 
ĶĶн飬ͦģճȺ֮ˡ 
ǰҹ˶ǰ·ߣûеƹ⣬ڵҹĻš 
ֻͷ˸ 
Ķ˵Ʒֵܡ 
˵Ķûˡ 
Ķ˵ӣ 
˵κӶ㣬 
Ķ˵Ǻðɣǿ 
˵һƷǽӡ 
Ķ˵һȥġ 
˵ĶȥӦ֪ζԼ˭ 
Ķ˵Ʒֵܡ 
˵͸©ؼģ˶֪СҪ 
Ķ˵ܡ 
˵һҪţ㲻ȥϸҾͲ˵ˡ 
Ķ˵ˡ 
ĶƷס˶û˯ 
Ķ˵ˡ 
ȥˡĶ˵ 
Ʒɲ·棬·һ£һ֧Ŵ˫۱ȣ˫һ룬Ŀͣڽ䡣 
Ʒֿᣬ˫֧˫۹˫ȣͷţʲô 
Ʒ˵Ӻɷ 
˵ĭǶ 
·˵˭ 
Ķ˵գȺ֣ 
30 
ĩ峿ٺںһŮͷ˯캣ˡ 
Ǵδٺ˺캣ͨѡٺˣһٴ˶Էͷǧټƺͺá 
˯ٺţ캣 
ϵŮ˸¶Űĺ󱳡 
ٺ̣̺бˡ 
ȥһаɣҲû̡캣˵ 
ٺϳ㣬°ųȥˡ 
ʱͨͨģٺŽȥ캣ڴŮŮ壬ƴ˺ 
ٺǰץŮͷݺݼȥ 
캣˴֪ٺʲô˼ 
ٺŮ֪˭ֵ֪ܣֻҪϲҽɽȥοģ 
캣ѪˣٺԺɶ£캣 
ٺ˵ź 
Ůˡ 
ٺ˵Ǽ˲Ҫˣ 
ٺˡ 
ûԶڸй䣬һС̳ϡ˰ӣûаʶ캣 
ٺ˵ͷɶأ 
Դٺ캣ϸϣӾûƢٺǮӾ浰ڼ飬˱ӵ֣ˡ 
˵ȥ֣˵ҽܸ 
ٺ˵ӡ 
˵ȥ衣 
ٺͿ壬ٺ캣ͳˡ 
캣ɫ죬۹롣 
ٺʣ˼ 
캣˵Ļ 
ٺ˵գ 
캣˵ֵˣɶҲ˵ˣһ£Ҫȥ 
ٺ˵ߣۿˡ 
캣˵һ£һѪս 
ٺ˵˭ 
캣˵ͷ㣬ϻС椵ҡ 
ͦ·ϣһҹӪ߲ܹ׽ǳԷ׽ĸƷţûñӡ 
һСֵܣϹϵŻﲻϵļ·ˣץУ߲ܹ˵ġ 
참Ҳڣ˵׽ܵġ 
׽ܲ¿ڣܹȥһˣʱӣǰϲ· 
ĸųɡ˵ 
ͷһػù׽˵ 
û⣬һܸȥ˵ 
ͽޡ׽˵ 
ֵܶˡܹ˵ 
ϰɣȥˡ׽˵ 
׸ˬ죬Ⱦƣվ˱ 
ϯһ룬캣ˣ캣һɨɨ˰׽ܣȥ֡ 
׽ܰĿ 
׸磬ˣ棬Ǵã߸ܵģҽ캣       
    25   
ˣۺرˣԷɡ 
ܹƣ캣һһ 
ξû԰㡣׽˵ 
һҴƴСֵܡ˵ 
ǰɣۻȭ׽˵ 
Һȵ˵캣߸Լˣ˵Сۻ֡ 
캣֣⣬磬˷ܡ 
ɶ׽ʡ 
սͷ˶ﶼҪ˵ 
Է˭ô˾һűʺʡ 
ǲʶСɺĺܣϡ˵ 
֪˭ˣƷɳ·Ұ׽˵ 
զ֪ܹ˵ 
˴ġ׽˵ 
ϯڶ¥Եģɢϯʱܹ׽ȥˡߵ캣캣ʱ̻ 
ղһڲûԣò˰캣˵ 
ԣû¡ 
캣Աˣڣ⿴ 
ͦ·ϳˮĵشˡ 
߸磬ͷɣ캣ͻȻ˵ 
ɶ 
ͷֵܣͦ·֤ 
ãͷиͬͬ 
ϣʮѾ绽ưԺڵ캣ߣͦ·ϣȻʱѾؿˣϴֵĳ·ǹһһ 
ʱ֣𴦣С۸Ůɽʮڳվ¶ˡ 
С۸ 
æµŵĴͷΧ 
ֵܣǻˡͷС۱סˡ 
С΢һǸ˼ƿˡ 
񡣴ͷӿ㶵ͳһǮֳݣǡ 
СĿƽǰһŮӿ 
Фˡͷ˵ 
СĿ⿪ʼ͡ 
칫԰һսߣܹ˶ǶȥǲҲҪȥͷ˵ 
Сɿǰ˼ôˡ 
ȷʵ˵СͷЦ 
һȥɶ 
ֵܶ㡣 
С۰ѴͷһƣɱȥФҲɱ˽ӵˡ 
ʱӵǵӰﾵͷС˵˭ߣҴճվ㳡 
ƹУФ˸ 
ŮɽʮĬĬ߹״ֶ 
úõģҾͿġФ˵ 
Сѩ׵ᡣ 
ǸھĽˣƻ顣 
ˡ 
ֻһ 
֪ 
ûһ˱ȵ㣡磬˵㰮ңһӰң 
Ұ㣬С۽ٰһŮˡ 
磬Ұᵽλȥס 
õġ 
ӻ֣Сۼˣͷš 
СۺФȥС۸ĸ谵ĵƹ⣬¾ɵİ裬ڸĦСۺФỨ 
ĬĬ 
߰ɣǿ߰ɣĶɤۡĸ׿ʼˡ 
СİһǮŵ˹ϡ 
һƬڣŮɽʮһ˰һͷעܡ 
31 
һϿʼ꣬һ죬ûͣٵ˼ 
һƬã 
һƬźʴҶϣԲˮ顣ӹ 
ʱеܺܶź 
źͰķӣඥǽ 
ֲܵһš 
·ͻźߣƨźҶͷһò֪ɡһſȥ 
µģµļҾ䷿ 
ʮͳ˶Źһ̹ȥٹܣ˳˼Ȼڡ 
Ұ˵ˣ˿ݣܸߣ߸ˡ˵Ǳģصķνˡ 
ĸι߻ᣬһȥˡ˾źߣʼȣһȾ͵ȵ硣 
ٵȰСʱûӰ۾ͻȥ绹ҪѧУֵܡ·˵ 
УٵȰСʱ˵ 
³ɶ 
ϸСۣ촽ǻӡ 
ʶ 
ʮһʶģǴθϼ¼Ǵһܡ 
Ҳʶ֣ 
ʶſڹȥϱûʶֵġڰͲѧˣƷɣϵ˳С 
Ʒʵܴ 
ҳϣȭͷӲҲʹң֫ͷԼ򵥡 
Сû 
ΣżˣǸ˧ȥʵثܱʮ죬ָʹǼЬһϥǣãǸ˱óףȥһȡָʹǻк̨û£ϥǵķǰ࣬ٶе㱳ֻСһꡣСۼȳᣬˣա 
Ţ·ʮ߰꺢ӣͷ϶źҶϴ˴ѡ 
ڲˣȥҲܶࡣĺϣˢķɹȥ 
Ѹͷƽѵβͳ֣мѸ٣һӰӣûˡ 
ͣʱЩ߹ȥβ;׽ˡ 
·ȥҲ׽׽˾ͷˣȽϰֶҧʱͷˡ 
ʱһѣƽСͨĳ콷Ѳ׽ 
ӹʱ·濴ѱЩѻڶ 
׽𣿳·ʡ 
Ӷ׹һࡣ 
ιһ˵ 
ȣܡһ˵ 
·ȭһһŰһ߽ͨź 
ۿ·֣бţˡ 
ǸˣźǸҲˮĶȥ 
ȣֱߣԶԶ 
̡·˵аСʱû 
˵ûɡ 
·˵û鷳 
ִʱȥ¼ſг·ŻᣬĻ 
ʱУ·ȥš 
ͷĳˣŰӣžװ 
˵ٴΣû·档˵ 
˵ 
Ҳûá 
ëվڱ괦̣ëͦء 
ߡë 
ձȡ˵       
    26   
ϲǴ㲻ȥë˵ 
զȥƷɳ·ҺüˡװԼڴ 
Ҫȥˡë˵ 
ˡ 
裬Ū˵ 
죬ڵ磬ߵǻһƬճˡ 
һȻͻƮ 
԰һɽֲסƷǿʼڼɽᡣ 
һһ˼ɽߵңѼˡ 
ҵƻ 
ȫǰףΪ꣬ʪֱ治ðˢˣеĹճġ 
εĹһˮһˮġ·ЩѧЯһİˣĴָ֣Լãۡ˵Ҳ˵Ǹֱޣʮһʱ 
ƷǸֽҲһһбǡ 
Ұټʮһһг˿һľõġ 
ָûС˳ǰǳ̲һİȡ 
Ķûһ룬ʮһֿһм촸 
¶ؽһɽг˹԰ⲻ׶ʧĵط 
Ʒɳ·ҰС˳ڼվڼɽߴÿ˳Ҵ師 
ǸͬģĶӻһƴڣû·ˣһ͵ 
Ұҹָָ˵㣬ˮһɽ˹ӿȥ 
԰žûˣдӵ 
(32) 
˹ϣ紵Уյʵƻ 
˹棬һտĲݳһ𣬷кһƬ 
һڣ֦ҶڶУһٶ˴ݳɢһƬߵ 
ڲݳ棬֣ˮеݡ 
վżǳа˶СͷֵܡǴ˲࣬Ҳʮˡ 
ȴ򣬶̫ӡ˶˵ 
Ҿ͸м˵ 
ܹأͷ˵ 
̧ͷԶ 
һ·ӰǰǸǲܹ·ƾܿѼӰڡ 
Сˣ߼ѡ 
Ҷӣֻͼֵûйȥ 
С۳棬ˮۣͷǸŮ룬ɽʮİӡ 
С˫֣磬ߣߡ 
СɨŴңϲӰϷȻʱҲܡ 
ͷ˶ֻ֣Сվһߡ 
С˵ĸкС 
С˵Ҿǡ 
Сһ֡ 
Сֽס 
ʱߴ𶯣Ⱥһӿ׻ζ졣 
գôˡС˵ 
۽ˡС˵ 
˽ӣ߲ܹųˡ 
̻һһģ˵Żʱһ۲ݳ 
ݳˣɱ죬ˮһײˡ 
ƣ߲С˶˵ 
һȥʰƷɡС˵ 
һͷ˵ţС˳ֳˣһѴʵĶ󵶡 
ֵһ룬˳С˵õ 
ؿбۿСۣСۺ͸ŮǼ˵ʲô 
ݳѾȻ͹ԳһɰףңһȺ˺˿ӣԽ˺Խ󣬺ɴˡ 
ѾܵӰӣû׵İܼ֡ 
˳ 
˭ﺰ 
Ʒɳ·ᡣܵ˵ 
أ 
ͱ·裬ܹƷɸֽ͸ˡ 
߻ҪʣǼѾֶˡ 
ˣӴܵӰ캣ͼֵͷɢ߱׷żˣٺǳˮһӿİס 
Ѫĳ·淢ֵ캣һƷɻС˳ͳ·泯Ǳ˹ȥ 
ȥʰǣСӵ߳֡ 
ǹƥĺС֣߳һ˫ֳֵȥ 
캣ˣƷɳ·С˳ӱϳ師󲽳СӸȺϵСѾѪУ󵶲ڲݵϻεС˳Ҳˣ泯죬Ѫᱻһ 
ʱƷǺѾӿһٶˣ˵Ĳ״³Ŀˡ 
˶ѪӿСһס 
Сֵܣ˶˻ߴ󺰡 
ȥС˵ 
˶Ҫ壬Сһ裬˶һͷײϡ 
ͷＸƷɳ·壬Ŀɿڴˣֻ˫ֲ嶵Ŀ⾼ 
үүˣСۼ߳ӡ 
˭Ǳ˺ 
Сۣ 
һɧңƷɻͷȥֻʣ¶ʮˡ 
զܣƷɺ 
С˭˵ 
ƴƷ˵ 
ƴ·˵ 
СͥŲֻмԶˣֻһ̧ȣӳͰѥһһѸ北ǹܾˣǹвˣֻּܲ֡ 
ǹ׼Ʒɳ·棺һﶼҷ£ 
һ춯Ʒɺͳ·һۣ쳤̾ 
˶鵶˹ 
ˣиӣܸҿһͷܡС˵ 
˶˹ȥ師 
·Ʒɱǲŵģʱǰ˰벽 
˶Ӹ·沱ӿȥ 
У·泤棬׶ 
ƷһֽУ·棬˰師 
ӳ·ӹ·һ˶󵶡 
ǹڿտĹ԰ص 
˶һͷ˵ڵء 
ĶӱϲƺеĿھǹð̡ 
Сִ̧һŻ⣬ĶԵǼǹС˽ӡ 
ҡҷۣϵˡ 
33 
һսʮˣĸ󱾳ģһеƷɳ·Żڵһҹλ 
ģץʼˡ 
ֳжʮ˵ֵлᣬڣС˳ܹʱܹ϶ţͷѪȾ       
    27   
˶ͺС֪˭ܵģӰӷɿȥ 
˸ĻƷɳ·˼ڶˡ 
Ķһǹڰ˶ϣĶ˵գ̧־һǹסˣ׼С 
ץһٶˣɺͲɵĶŷӡ 
Ǳǰ·Ļ˼ңĺɫУڼſڵһ֦Ҷï԰˼ͷϵ¥ 
ᡣ 
ĸѾ˯ˣſ 
ҿҪߺþá·˵ 
ְ˵Ժ󲻶ֱˡĸ˵ 
裬Ժöɵʹˡ·˵ 
ֿˡ 
ˣ裬ѣҾǻһۡ 
һƬվ¥ͷžװ 
գ˵ 
ûպ˵· 
գ˵ 
·ߵķɿ죬ʧˡ 
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ë˵裬˼Ҷ㲻ܣ 
˵ҹ򷭼ˣûעҡ 
ë˵衣 
˵裬£ 
ëЦţӼˡ 
ת۵ʮ½＾ڡ 
ͼڽϻΣָ 
ӣȥɲУɶɶָ˵ 
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ͷָ˵ 
ӵס˵ 
ǸҴ֣һǮǻָ˵ 
˵á 
ָָ֣ŵκƬߡ͵Сʱָ˵ձ 
һԷ극ǷǮָ˵ 
͵˶٣˵ 
ʮָ˵ 
ܡ˵ 
ʮٰ̣ 
̣ 
Ե⽣СҪͲӼ±ߺСа趹ǺþƣӴ̵ҪƾƱġƽЩ 
ϯ䳶Щлָʼں 
ںͽ̣ȥͱ˰Ŵ֡첲ϴ̱׼Ҹ첲ϴåǰĸ֣ꡣ 
ںͽ̳Ϊӡ 
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ںʱɳѺ˻һƳ˺ںҪ˵ﲻʶںǸСڳԱʶ 
ǺڵƤǸƷɻĺںԱ˵ 
ںĶһ¾ˡ 
ȫҵıӶǺںҪ»Ҫ綹顣ںȥӣÿα 
ָں¡̷ָǰ´Σ涼ˡҪǮںĸΪǷһƨծ 
ͽõĽˡ 
ȥָȥںʱں˵ 
̷ָ˹ϵںһݼ١ 
һҪʮǮںͣȥ͵Ҳ͵ʱͽ̳յĶٳ͵ҲҪѺͽ̳¡ 
ںֱָ²ںֻõƮۿڿ쵽ںɴˡ 
ⲻǺż˵ 
ɲǣ̷ָܲ˵ 
ںҲӦá˵ 
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ͷųķֲڲϸе۾һλá 
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һŴǰƬڰ׵ɫʣŴġʢһ˶Ͱ椶ǰ棬ȵĺСں棬ֻ֡ 
ȥĺСȻӢˬ˶ڲŷ֡ 
С۰ȥˣҲڿƬֵڳ̡ 
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СӭȥӹĶ 
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ҲǺСͰˣҲ˹˶ģԺӾˣҪ˶ʵ 
벻˶ͻȻ˾ģںĥˡ 
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ķóԡС˵ 
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ڶ촫ϢƷ»ǺŽ·꣬ӵϣٴν 
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ǱƷ»Ž·꣬ʱŽһƴ̵ĸߴվ·ߵ̣ͻȻ·Ʒڿ첽ɡ 
ŽһϺȣСɺߣ 
ƷǶ˵ӿ·鵶ֱ 
Ȼ˶С֪ 
ܰ꣬ǱҲûǹһƽдһַɹ 
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СΧΧȹ﷭ɡóùСѧãá 
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ڲһһˣǰ˶˵ģ˶ð椰æ 
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椳һ 
ʼȾơ 
Сļǵص˶ڡ       
    41   
 
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ӵǹᴩȥģ˶̫Ѩһ쳣Ķڡ 
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Сһֻ֣˫ۣźϡС˵磬Һһߡ 
椻ڻԣС²ǹСĽͷظϣȻ΢΢¡Ķϡ 
椣һҪȥٿѣ 
椣ˡ 
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Сѻƹſëƹſ˵ϣۡ 
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ѵЬǹ֧أͷһͣǹüģָͷȥٶ˰ 
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Ʒ»ᵶ··һƬš 
ҫĮϣ·˿Ϊһʻһĸ߸ӳ嵽ǰͷ 
˿ٱܣ߸ӳ 
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ͬҲûһ˿ţֻǳ΢١ 
ѳ嵽ǰϳ죬ͻȻһ߬ذе 
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    42   
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ʮѪȷһ죬ǹɳʯ˺䶯һʱġ125󰸡 
Ϊ˱ܿĽңչѡĵַʮһİء 
֮䲻֪ʲôԭһ鷽Բİأȥˡ 
ͰҰܲһЩС· 
ǰ죬ƷѾȥ˰أػ˼Сʱμ˵Ρ 
ĵǣǹ֧û䡣 
չιעһɱ󿪣Ȼ׼Զ߸߷ˡ 
෽ûǹ֧Ҳһ¹չĵİ취 
ο϶ҪŪҪŪۣŪ۲ߡĶ˵ 
ҪװثͰѴ֮Ұ˵ 
˵ġƷ˵ 
ҶüٵֻгڴϣƽĿ컨壬¡ 
ǰһλҪؼҿ 
ؼҸɶû¡Ұ˵ 
ҿҸס˵ 
㸸û¡ 
֣զ֪ 
иִյĻɣ 
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Ұһˣ㸸׾ûˡ 
ģҰ϶ȥˡ 
զ£һ䡣 
㼸¡Ұһۡ 
ƷǶƷģʱ߳һؼˣһ¡ 
ҰʵﲻԸ£Ʒˣǰ졣 
Ҷţͳˡᰤţ˵ſ죬ǳԡ 
ſ죬ӷ˽ȥֻɢųʪӲӣãָͷһȫȥˡ 
һԾӵдתͷ첲һֻ¡ 
˳ 
һͷˡ 
Ằ֣ 
ҰĶ˵ַ֣ȥ 
Ʒɺ¶һۣû˵ 
һ֣´ЬߡᴭŴһһ˫ۣҲϵЬ 
һú··һɿݵĵع 
Ƶı磬ɳۡ 
·УתһŲæһѻ浽ϣ˳ȥ 
عһһЩѪۣȻͷŵصġθߴĻٴαˤڵأȥʹ 
ϣϣһһѪ档 
Ҷ·ŷ磬֡ 
ſǻ       
    54   
Ұȥȭͻ첲һ߬סҰ󣬳ǰһһͨڴڵҰϡҰ۳ˮˡһҰСȥ 
̣⼸ɺ̫˰ɡĶŭ߸ֵܺѳΧˡ 
ȭϣȻûӻεţǿ׺ǵѪߴķɽ 
Ҳ֪ʱץס˳غ裬һܶˡ 
Ʒɺ°Ѵұˡ 
Ʒ˵ˣΪֹһǺѡ 
ͳһ־Ѫ 
˵û°ɣ 
˵û£Լˡ 
˵ֵܡ 
Ʒɴʱ˫ִ˳ϡ 
·žûˣֻз߹վš 
վڷУ·伸šϻѪû˹ʣͻȻۿһȣݣ첲Ŵֳˡ 
ɶƷ˵ 
ɶձߣձɶ˼ɶɶֵ鰡Ҳˣ 
Ҫ߰ɣƷ˵ 
ҲߣҰ̵У˷䡣 
ƷסˣҰŴһĮˡ 
һߣ 
ûнȥ·һװƷһӵ£һι߳˺Զ 
ú·䣬СͬԶԶģݵӰͷںͬʧˡ 
ƷɫƣŰӣãա 
һֻ첲Żᣬһֻ첲ŵҰĬĬԡ 
Ķһ̾Űӣͷ 
ѴҿȹεԡǶһ棬˻ǵ 
˵Ҫؼҿܻ¡ 
Ұ˵ҿ취Ǵչģû֣˵Ϲǹȫͨˣ鷳̫󡣻˵ȥ˳ԳԿ࣬ɶã 
˵ۿҪսˡ 
ȥĬĬųԶȥķ 
68 
125սĻǰѾԼĴţƷŻѰǹ֧ᵽŨҵĻҩζ 
һսܸĳҲƷŻӴꪳɳ 
СҪչһ֮ 
ǼǷӿһֱԤѩ 
ʮĺϣɣŽ˯ˡŽ̷˯ģ߬Žϵ߬ѳϰߡ 
źķ˺һߡչҲĺã̷ɱ 
Ž˸ΣһƬɳڣһ£ˡһվһ侯սʿ۰򱻼𣬺һʽǹִ˴ſ֣Ŀ 
ǹˣһȥʱһ 
ɳڸǣһЦɳ 
ǹչģ˵ҵþˡ 
Žһ亹ˡ 
Žجʱ򣬹չͷһСͣˣǹηԭҲԭʱͣ 
һյƣ˸ 
Ϸһǹǹ󳤡һʱ䣬ǹûϹա 
Ƴγӵɢ档 
ϵӵδδ߶ţչ̵Ϻþˣûеȼ 
뵱ڵһ죬ǰ飬Ǻεȵķ⡣󽭴߹󰸣˭κΡƷɣһ·նϺҡŽܱչĽɽҲͷˡ 
һҪɱǡչ촽մ̣š 
Ʒɣᣬ£ĶҰһֵ֪ģǴǹŽˡ 
չѾ֪šһҪս 
ȻҪԶ߸߷ɣҾһʱõ֪ҹչԶǶصġȥͷξʹʹĳһѡ 
춯֨ѽˣŴµֵһˡ 
¯ˡһ˵ 
Ŷչ˵ 
ˡһ˵ 
ܺáչ˵ 
Ѵһãóһķϡ 
չ촽մ̣з۰Ѳ⿪ 
񵯡 
Ҵطˣ˺ü˵ 
ĸʱģʱ̫ˡǸ˵ 
ô⡣չ˵ 
£ը˹ã¡һ˵ 
Ǳӵ·˰ɡչ˵ 
ˣ·һʧǸ˵ 
Ҳصĺúõģ˵ǵط˵ 
һɢˣͰڶ׷ϻϡչ˵ 
С۲˵ҲҪǸ˵ 
ν񵯰Ǳꡣչ˵ 
ʱţº£Ȼһ¡ 
ˡչ˵ 
߹ȥһ죬СһˣĿĸŮɽʮ 
񵯣С˵ 
ΪҲˡչ˵ 
ǾòϰˡС˵ 
ˣҰˣϾˣФӣ˲źչ˵ 
Сһֻ֧ڴϣȼ̡ 
ҲˣФûۡ㿴椣İɣ 
ֵܣ˵һ䣬Σա 
ԽǵϹӣԽҪԵֵܣԵҵˡʱֵֵܣ氮 
ˣ첻ȥҡ 
浽һ죬Ҳ㡣 
ǾԵ֡ 
ȥԵģۺȾưɡ 
ˣϢ 
һơ 
Ǻðɡ 
Ůȥģʮƿͷƿơͷ˿ϣѹӵʼȡ 
һ˰ȵĺһֱȵ졣 
ʱ򣬹չ˵բǼ䷿֪סѾءǼ䷿£˵㱦ɣȥڡ 
С˵õġ 
˹·š 
չصǽڻϵֵһġ 
Сߺ˵ĸ磬øǣⶫʱŽﶼ֪ 
չ˵Ž֪Ҳûˣ۶ˡ 
˵Լڲ 
չ˵ҹζడ˭֪ʱɶǻСѾȥҪ˵ûˣʵСֻ֪Ҫڣỹġɡ       
    55   
СһֱûЩһֱǰФФһº֮ҹȥҪЩСһǱ߻ڿ󣬲ιȥ 
ʮŵˣչ˿ţѩ 
Eѹ鿴 
69 
2004һ죬һϴԡģ˵Ʒɣ£ᣬҰ·棬Ķ˵˰ʮ겻ѡЩѾŵ˻ǶĻ䡣ʮ˽ֵܵһǮڶʱǮΪֵܣڵǮΪԼ 
涫̭ˣ2004ĶƷûģӶҵһ塣ܳ鵽һȶģǾٮٮߡ 
һֻѧʣ˵ǻģ˵һĶƷһȼ˵ľͷˡ 
˵˰˶ʮǳƮɵĴѩǳԡ 
˶ǳѩµƮƮѩƬܲգһƬס 
һͨĹ·ųһͻͻðŰ̡ 
ֳϵ˹Ŵ£ȣͷüëһѩ 
һˣֳʦеɱ졣 
ڳбԵеģигֳܶࡣ 
һԲһ˳һͷпɽƵ׳ʵ꿪˵һ仰ǵĳߡ 
ѩƮƮֳ· 
Ʒɻ¸ĶһƷ˦˵ҰƷҪѵҰ 
ͷһϣҰƷɸһţ༰ļϵص㡣 
ҰʱŽţֵܻڽĵȴѾ˵㡣 
ѩУƷڹ·ϴУۿȥһƬ׵Ұ 
Ʒɻڵһϣ˴ëȥǺף߬ë졣 
Ǵ̹ǵĺ 
·һһصı˦˺棬ãУƬ֡ 
һ̣Ʒ˵ֳͣ·ߣ˫ľ 
һƬ磬̣﹡ϣҰʧڴѩǵ 
˰أУǰͻȻϡľһ˺ڷѩƮ 
ǹչǲģսս 
ұվһţǴŻİط磬Ŀ 
ʱ䵽ʮ㣬Լսʱ䣬չĻûг֣ҸеЩ̡ 
ֻҰѩﱼɡ 
һǹڶ漸ʮ׿𡣴Ҿ͵˵Ʒϻһĵۡ 
ĶƷߣƷЦһ¡ 
Ǵӹ·Ϲ˸ȦƵȦһûȦֱ·չص㡣 
һǹ죬չ˴վ𣬹չ˫־ǹ 
ǱѩվһƬ¶ˡչĿƷ»Ķںڵ率 
Ʒɵ若һŻ⣬ɰǵعˡ 
չæԵѪӹչð˳һҲɰ׵ѩѪ۰߰ߡ 
ӹȥܣչžʹ˵ 
еԶҪԣ˵ 
ǵһᡣ若ҪҩҪʱĸǹڻϳ壬񵯡 
չ˵һԾ𣬸ĶһŻ⣬չѸԵɰХ 
˰Ѻûе 
γɹƭһǹˣ⵶һ֦һһǹ´ɸӡ 
չſѩЦ 
Ǳ¸ߺһƭӵ 
拾˹Ʒڽŵҩֲ¾ϳ壬ǹһƬ˸ 
³ǰ棬ۣһǹǹؼơ 
һವĳˣð̡ 
ӵǡôǰأۿӿˡ 
㶶û㶣ֶǹһץð̵񵯣ವĸ˻ȥͣڹչǺ漸״˻֦ը졣 
һ񵯣º棬編ƣ˳ȥصıը 
չ֪ƴվҪѡҵĽŲͺɱԽԽͷҪקߣչֶһð˳ 
ſð̫չ۾Ѫʣ߬ð̵񵯡 
Ѿ嵽׾ˣһ񵯹ضһѩﵹһƬ 
ϷΪԶֳڵ£㣬ƷǾҪˡ 
ըʱеǱը˵£еǱܵԵ 
չվܾĿ¡ѩһƮ䣬ʺѪϡ 
չĴǹڣ˳ѩĿ 
ȥڶмҡԶȥ 
ұˣһ鵯ƬȥǹѩԣòĶͻҲˣڴϢšƷë֪վѩ߬ż⵶ͷţŶ 
չǹָǼҪʧˣջˡ 
ܵĽܰɡչ˵ 
Ʒɼѩ𿿽۱һ£ҳͷ­ϲǹȥǼһ¡չ˵ 
߳ԣչȿ¡泯죬ݵͨ졣 
ǰһչ̧ǹ 
ˣһĻصڰ 
չ̧ͷȥԻζһͷðŸ޴¡ 
경Ĵݣ³һӣһޱһϡ 
չһĿͳֳһ˳ǹ 
70 
ѩƮƮ 
 
һƬã 
 
Թ޻ 
  ļ 
Ʒһͦվһѩʪĺһҵֵܣ 
Ӵ˺󣬳ӡݺὭŷɥʮ󣬲գۣüȪ 
ˣתͷȥˮĳˣģĿǸϤİӰ̧֣һƴϡ       
    56   
ǻһҧͷһעʺѪҺʳЦˣɡ 
ĶǾȵĿ⣬һ£ˣ率 
ȥС·һӴܵ˻عһվ 
ѩ硣 
ĶߣչĵԲ˫־ǹӵХȥ 
ͦ˫۹â£ǵصѹ˹ 
չıһϸڣһǹʱѾˡȻķֵʱСȻڳԶȻģ³ˡ 
쿱ֳⷢˣϸµĳԹûһ⡣ 
ըչһţԤе֮Ѿ 
չߵĺӾˣȥ񵯡 
ſ£չĺ 
˳ȥѾ 
ʱһӵйǽҪŵصʱ 
һƽֻѩƮ䡣 
ģƷܹסĶȼһ֦̣пֳ̾ͻˡҲѩ 
ϹûϿ뿪Ʒ˵ 
˽߬߹ȥѪۣ˳С·ȥˡ 
˰Ⱦ׷׷ʮףѪʧˡһɽӳš 
ϹգƷɺһ 
洫չıɣ軹һ񵯣һ飡 
۲ɽ￴ˣģ 
˵Ĳᣬ㿴ϵѪóһǳˣû˾ǡ۸Ͻ뿪ǶˣùܲƷ˵ 
Ŷһӣһնϡ 
ʱѩ˶վмûһ˵ġұ¸Ķٳȥ 
Զһׯȷսģ˾ʱãѩϰۡ˳ѪǷɽˡ 
ʼ 
һᣬǹ졣һƵ˳ 
ʬչˣʱ򣬹չһǹͬ飬ȻԼһǹû񵯡 
Ųʱ֪ǹսһˣڹ·û˿ƺš 
˾ͶǰһسǸˡ 
ʽѲǰ˾Ȼţ뺣һʧˡ 
ʱһǱµгϡгӵͨ涼ˡڳϲͷڸ첲漣ûˣ͵Խȥ顣һװˣΪբصܳһӵĽ 
Ʒʳĳǹ 
˵ϵġ 
Ʒ˵ 
˵һȥԺ֪ҼˣҪǮҸ׿ˡ˵ӣԼȥɡĺ磬ֵ֪ͨѣϲģһŴŵĶקһգǳǹһӵҼҲˣųǹڱоһϡ 
Ʒ˵գǹŶԵطˣ 
Ʒ˵ؼǼ죬ɳû㣿 
˵ûа 
Ʒ˵զϹȥģ 
˵Ȱǳܲ 
Ʒ˵Ӵһ֣ڽ 
71 
125ȫǺ䶯ǹս˫ӵӣֲͬĴ˵ɡ 
ǹսȥʮ󣬵ҰͼֵƬءץܽƷǧ˿ϵҲ׼Զ߸߷ˡ 
125죬Ʒƭһϵص㣬ҵȣһιȥһСʱͻȻˡ 
ƷɲȥҰ˵ 
ѾʼսҰ˵ 
۴Ϲȥһ˵ 
ڹȥ˼Ұţǣȥӣʮ㿪սڿŵˣ۸ϹȥҲһСʱȥɶ͹֣˵ˣҰ˵ 
զ죿һ˵ 
ϢɣҹһξҪˡҰ˵ 
ȥãǲһֱȵϢˣϵĽϴ裬ߴңƷǺ͹չ罻ˣ񵯺ͳǹ 
е˶Χ 
ҰᵽɤۣôðЩ 
⼸˴Ǳ߻ĹõֻƬ 
չĺһͬɽƷȫ岻֪ȥ⼸˵ 
һˡ 
ʵʱ򹫰ûȷǹսһƷǣֻǸижϡϵǧȷ϶ƷɡѾз¶ַķɿ졣 
ҰʱǱ׼ˡ 
ֹ죬˵չɱģȱǹɱˣɱ 
Ʒк·ˡҰ˵ 
ǹģһ˵ 
Ҳְĸ֪ͷ뿪Ѿҹˣֻĸ率ûһ㼣󰡣Ҫǹô£զ᲻֪Ұ˵ 
ȷʵΡһ˵ 
ҰͻȻ뵽һˡ 
ֻˡҰ˵ 
˭ 
 
緢 
ҪƷһΡ 
ǹģ 
˭ 
ɶʱܣ 
ȱţڴ۾޶һʱҲҵۡ 
Ұһڵҹȥ÷ӴڣҰȴ˵绰 
÷绰ԡ 
Ұȥ󣬿÷һƬǼͷɢ÷ڴϣ˫Ѿס 
㣬զҰʡ 
ԼֵĿԼԡ÷˵ 
۸ˣ 
ˣܡ 
˵һ㡣 
÷ѵҰסֿ 
Ϊɶǻ˰㿴Сۣ㿴Сϵνĺȴǻˡ 
㣬ǱûӴº滹Ǻ˶ࡣ 
ôôడ 
㣬·߹ˣֻȥ 
Ҳܻɱ 
㡭 
һֱȰ˺þãҰҲûԭ򣬺÷ڴϣ˯ˡ 
Ұļֵţʱ˿춳ˡ 
ǹҲҵˣҰ˵ 
˶ϧһ˵ 
˶ӣ˵ӵҡҰ˵ 
ǾǱˡ       
    57   
Ұ˵ιһս 
ĻѩһƬһƬģеӣĻܿѪХı磬ѵ˵̡ 
ҰŴ£վڷڡ 
ǿˡһŻɫش£˽ýĳ 
С۸Ůɽʮ 
Ұǡ 
ߵĽˣСϬĿһɨ 
ǡС˵ 
ǵġҰ˵ 
ûнС˵ 
ǵġҰ˵ 
Сۼ߹ȥˣѰһᣬҵǸɽ 
ǹֵɽһƬžĲ֦ 
棬һѪȵϢ 
Сվڶڣóһƿƣšӣˡ 
ǴߵģҴ㡣С˵ 
˲ƸҲ˳ޡС˵ 
һжſʼС˵ 
Ұ뿪ˡ 
ܾԺ󣬵ҰᵽôʣơƺҪƾ;ˣҲһ˲䣬һжˡ˫ƶʢǾͿ˭յĸáõˣ㶥ˣʢģܻһʱҪպãǰѵҪżӺ㡣ûģĵҲƮˡɱһߡⷽ棬ǹƳһ 
72 
ѲʱƷǾسǸһҽԺֱסҽԺ㲻ء 
ѩͤͤɣϵı 
Ķ˵ǲɣסˡ 
˵ﱳ۽Ҳû˿ 
Ķ˵զ 
Ʒ˵Ҳ鷳ǿԽ档 
Ķ˵û˿ 
һ·취ֹסѪ߾ûѪˡ 
ǼҲҽԺϴι԰ѪսĶǱӣسסһĿҽԺ͵عһףһӪսʿعְΧˡ 
Ǿõıܷۡ 
ǶԾҽ˵ڵػڳ񵯣һŪըˡ 
ʱҽԺ⿪ţϰˣֲƳȥرǼﲡˡϰˣãӵܱ˺ˣ£ᣬĶΪգƷǲ˵ûҲ㻤ˡ 
ǳסƽҽԺƾড 
Ķ˵ʹʿĶ죬Ҷϲ 
ʿһǻЦ 
һϣĶһֵ˵ĶƭŮˣ㿴Ƕá 
Ķ˵ĴĻˡ 
˵ҿͲص 
Ǹֵ˵¡ 
˵죬һὨ㡣 
Ķ˵ľ㡣 
˵ĶأŲߣһֱס˰¡ 
Ժ죬ᣬˮȥ 
ȥ̳Сһ̳Ͱ컨壬ҵƷسһ̳ˡĶÿ·ⶼˡĶϴ˺ܶǮ׼ǹսġһǾ޴¡ŴСҵһãʹʹϴ裬·ȫˣȻһ¡ 
Ķ˵ǲܻˣ˶ĿҪһˣ۷ͷ· 
յسһƬ˵Ļѩ۹ 
վɢźٵˡ 
ǲ֪Ϣ绰ûҵˡչıˡ룬ʱҲҲٴˣվķֱͺܳơ 
ĶһֱƷɵ֡ 
˵Իټġ 
ʣզô϶ 
˵󶼽ȥˣټˡ 
Ʒ˵ա 
ĶһгſڣƷ֡ 
ᱧŰӣЬٵأ͸Ķټ 
ƷҪϵͣˣˣԶŵǵϢ 
ȥˣƷɻüĿײһطɢվˡ 
Ʒʣأ 
˵ղŻڣǲȥˣ 
˵ȥɡ 
Ʒ˵ûǲǼǰˣ 
˵Ӧ˰ɡ 
˾ȥĿĻǰ濪·󺰹 
ثˣõĺܿ졣 
߹һسᣬûҵ 
гˡ 
ſȥվ̨ҵϣ׷ϡ 
ʱгԽԽ죬һ˳ȥ 
ڵϴ˼ 
󺰣Ʒɣߣһ·ûо飡 
ʱһƦӵĲӣƦͬ飬Ʒɻӵ 
˵ˣǻû׹ 
гХȥˡ 
һƨ˵ϣĶͷˣѪҲ۵첲ҲѾˡ 
ܹ첲˼¡ 
˵զ죿 
˵ûطҲ 
˵װǮû 
˵װ˵㡣ϧ۲͵ҪĶǣȥĶ¡ 
˵ղŸĶƷɲǮ 
˵ǰǶװƷɵĿڴ£ 
˵Ҳǡ 
˵á۵£Ҳ 
ΪʡǮһȥгͣʱ˫ĿĴ˴򿪴ڣ˽ȥȻǳʱѾƳϡ 
ڳûԽӴ˷쿴档һƬżдׯϡĵƹһ 
֪˶ã˯ˣ۾ 
ӦΪгӵûƱġ 
ǵڶ磬˴ҡڳ˳վվûʡʲôҲûƱΪǵصʡ 
ڳվ㳡ת˰죬ûпƷɻᡣȻһᣬ˵߰ɡ 
ִ߽һƬϾ˺ܾãʵһ˽Գķӡʱⷿĵģ˵Լݣסȥܰȫ 
½µǮʣ޼ˡ 
Сݲ󣬹߻Ұú¯ú¯˸ȼġ 
һŴ󴲣й룬ƷһӦȫ 
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沿ףˮһֱûϡ 
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һǰʶˣʱѧѧУӦȥǸݳһáѩƮɣů紺ҡ 
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    60   
֪١һƱͻȻǿˣ˾ſˡ 
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ңƱ˫۴ʱʮ 
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Щ׷߶ĬĬͷ 
һ·񱼳ҽԺѸĸ˦ں棬ĸڴ 
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һӦƷȻ 
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꿴ЩأЩԥղ׼ӡ 
Ʊûǣ꿴ˣźĵλʲôҲû⡣ 
Ϊܿ쿴Ĺ 
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С۸Ǹʱһֹ 
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ֱǸԡ 
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Ҳ˵ʮԱƷǴ򵹡 
ȻʮҲǺɨڵ 
ʮɣȥƴֵܸġʮɣҲȥƴȴİ˸ġ 
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Сö˸ƼǾˡҲֵ۲һ鼸ʮ飬üͷȳƼٿ飬գۡ 
дѲʵվҪģʵᣬˣʱһеĻ˵Ծ 
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ԶˣǻҪصȥ 
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µһ죬ǻˡһʯǻȻɱķͺñȷ޴ԭţ磬߮Ŵ㣬Ҫ޷˵ĹӣиĲݵء 
˵ˣ˭ϣ˭Ƚȥ鿸ʱܱ׳뵽Լ 
þҵȻԵõĵҰ 
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ƷڵҰһֵܼҳԷһ֦չĹһֱŵҰ첲 
ʱƷ˵ģҲҪŮˣ 
˵ҲҪ 
һĬȻһֱûŮˣ˺ܷѽһ㡣 
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ĶݣǷףɱĿ⡣Ķļͬﶼ֣߹ 
ĶһŮ˻ˣһҪѺҰʱûκα顣 
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Ķ˵裬ܹһ죬Ҳֵ 
ϴҼһ˯ˣҹиĶ̾ϢиõĿɽԼһӵķܶ 
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Ʒ˵գһϹܲסǵ졣 
Ұ˵·رͲһ·ˡ 
˵˵ɶˣ 
Ұ˵˵ɶˡ 
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ݹ᾵ڴʱںŷǡҲүƷڵϽݣںĵλ 
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Ȼ֪Ҳףġ 
ˣרŸǵĲҲͻ֪ˡ 
С֪顣¶СҪѪϴ硣 
Ǹ죬Ͽʼµģʱʱʼ̫Ƭͳ׵ˡ       
    72   
·Ƿѧʱݸϵġ£гɿ졣ѣ粻ˡ˸ѣ˵ͬѧգͬѧĸڼҡ 
еһ糣·洵ſڡ 
ҰµĽ·겻ѡ 
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μʱյһš˵ˣ·ȥæ·濴˵ġ 
·ѧУݺԶ·ҪԽСξ룬·׵ǹս֮⡣ 
ʱ·Ѫڡº˵ϣԲսֵܵѪҰԵʶ 
Զĵطǹ׵£ɢС 
绹һ飬Ǳߡ 
ںƷ˵ʵöҶڰ㡣 
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κںǻΪС˳վͷڵϣõС˳ҲûһȥĶƤ 
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ͨȵ㣬ȥһŵı͵İѾ̡ 
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Ǳ˺ѵģС˳һֵܻʪ͸ܽ˵ͷˣڸĺӵϡ 
ںǻˣûͷӰ 
ŵ˵ˣɡ֪վӵϸʲô 
ͳһ²ںͷװںľ̾ôҡڵţ̱˩ź 
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УںһХָ˾̡ 
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ںǺܿӴˣʱմ¡¡ףһط΢ǹ 
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ѧôȥ˹һ̩ɽںëë˵ġ 
ʱ꣬첹ꡣ 
ʱɱһܹĶݣޡļǵãӱߣһֻèƴΣǺȺʯҷɡֻèϰ˺۵С 
ʱ֪Ӷһˣë󶫡 
˵Լǵõʮһ档 
κռͱȻ磬ʳݵĶռһ 
һ㲻ɻرܡ 
ʮͱν֣һŮϹשͷŮϹЬɹĴϣ˵ʹͷˮʪ͸·Ůظ͹֡ 
ͶͷʺͶ´ƣϳһʺҶϸ롣ȻԳһӵ߸ߵն⣬ӰӴնһݶ£ɱˡ 
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ʱåݣ±󣬶ֵͷ˴İ顣 
ĸ׻˵ǹ죬紵Уɫγͣ˼ǰºöûˣſһɡ 
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ʱŷսĸڴϣ֣ĦǸ˩ŵĳ涡 
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90 
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Ұ۹·˫۾¶κοɵĵط 
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滺Ʈ 
С۾ڱݴɳϡ 
ȦɳŮŮСۼ档һĸ￪ųʮ۵ˣ̣ģͻͻС۾ԲһȺȷʵһȺõҰۡµ˲עǣûµĲŻῴϡ 
Сۺò߹˵ԼŮѵˣ˼ĺܣ˾Уһ˵ܸܡ 
¹ڲС΢ЦЩŮʿôҲ벻ܺôӢʿڶ 
һŮʿæڳλãС۴ 
ŮǵĿȫʡ       
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һʮŮڿεС۸⡣ʮĸ۰ĸţһЩڵ衣 
ҲûųС۲ű׼̸ͨµ塣 
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һŮóһϸָ̣ʺ졣̵ݸСۣϸָܳͷ 
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СЦЦŰ̺ۣ߰߰ǰܻø첲·Ҵǹôء 
ʱں֡ 
ҰȥˣС룬ƷǾҪˡһ½Ҫĳ棬ͻȻվ˫ֳǹӵйһƬУݵĻӣݵȥ 
ƷѪҲҪǹ 
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Ż߳˵ݣһͬŻĹ 
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ȥƺʲôЩš 
֪㣬ܲãܻƣҲı䡣С˵ 
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߳ŭСǹڶͷ­ٶ˰ 
ͻȻɽһƬҵ۹һƬ졣 
˹ȥ 
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С۾ڱݴɳϡ 
ȦɳŮŮСۼ档һĸ￪ųʮ۵ˣ̣ģͻͻС۾ԲһȺȷʵһȺõҰۡµ˲עǣûµĲŻῴϡ 
Сۺò߹˵ԼŮѵˣ˼ĺܣ˾Уһ˵ܸܡ 
¹ڲС΢ЦЩŮʿôҲ벻ܺôӢʿڶ 
һŮʿæڳλãС۴ 
ŮǵĿȫʡ 
һʮŮڿεС۸⡣ʮĸ۰ĸţһЩڵ衣 
ҲûųС۲ű׼̸ͨµ塣 
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һŮóһϸָ̣ʺ졣̵ݸСۣϸָܳͷ 
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СЦЦŰ̺ۣ߰߰ǰܻø첲·Ҵǹôء 
ʱں֡ 
ҰȥˣС룬ƷǾҪˡһ½Ҫĳ棬ͻȻվ˫ֳǹӵйһƬУݵĻӣݵȥ 
ƷѪҲҪǹ 
ˮģ֦緢 
һˡСû뵽ҲԸ⿴ġ 
Ż߳˵ݣһͬŻĹ 
ӭƷǵġ 
ϬĿɨܣͬûз쳣 
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Сۺܿվһ§ס뿪ǡ 
𶯣ӡС˵ 
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˵Ļ֡˵ 
˵Ĺ¡С˵ 
Ҳ˵Ф˵ 
˰ɡС˵ 
ԸƷǵġ˵ 
ҪС˵ 
֪һһֱڵš˵ 
Ҳ֪㲻Թۡҽ컹ǲɱ㣬еһӾ͸ɵ㣬ô죬㿼ǡٻҲҪ֮ 
ȥƺʲôЩš 
֪㣬ܲãܻƣҲı䡣С˵ 
ܲȸһǹҲۿƷɽһ£ҵֵܡ˵ 
ð졣 
§ŰɣҲ 
ãô졣 
С˵Ự¶˵ 
һ˫۾ʱˣԼоĪˡ 
ݵĴٴתƷɳҰĸɡҡ˹ 
Ƕ£߻һ߸ӡǼͬʱϳ߸Сۡ 
ʱͻȻ֣Сס 
ΪƷӮ˱ʱ䡣 
ǹˣŤʱ۹⿴ʱˡȥ 
С۳һ˦ǹָƷɡʱ͵סС˫ȡС۷ǿӵƫӴŶȥ 
߳ŭСǹڶͷ­ٶ˰       
    76   
ͻȻɽһƬҵ۹һƬ졣 
˹ȥ 
һͷҰޣűƷһ籧ţʱҰѾ˴· 
Ʒɺݺݳ̫Ѩʼ񱼣ʹޡ 
ʱ׹ѪС׷ϳǹ䡣 
ˮֶǷɱӰӡ 
и·˱һУŵˮ 
Ϊ׳־ҽ»졣ں˵ºţ֪ô˵ôһʫʡ 
92 
µԽ˳Ѿˣ֫廹ڶһֺֻѰʲô 
ʱĶˣˡĬĬԵĸĶ߹ӣסµ֡ڽڶĶһȦɳǰһȺɵ˵ע£ʵ 
ҡҡλεĸĶ¡ 
ִ֪ʱ»һΣȻҲû˶ 
һֳȻʹºǣһ֡ 
Ķķѵ֣µ沿ǡĶȫԳ˵ģûе 
ͻȻòܾôˣ¶£ȼһ̡ 
ÿ̷ŵ 
µܣһ̡Ķ˵ 
̵£ôſš 
ʱºܰꡣ 
ȥøʪëҸĶͷֵ˵ 
ֵЩиȥˡ 
ϵʱĶϸĽϵһĨѪȥ 
·ʱֱǰΧöˣй֪ˡȥһѪУϤһӰ 
ǵĽѪš 
ޱĸĶʱͷ­߰ 
ĶΪԼľٶ˾޴ۡǴ𺳴صġ816̡Ϊһ̷û͹ȥˣѿʼˣ̵ֵڡٺ816˴̣ĶŻžͳˣȻǺ󻰡 
¾ΣǰһΣһΡۿ԰ϣȻﲻܣҲ˸ź˵ġƷ˵ 
˶ģɱСۣȥ¡ 
ƷӴܵӵϣȻУޣ˺ţ±ϡá 
һƷɡ 
ºһҹҹǰһֱ׸һչµЦݻ֮ȥεѡ 
ҾͲܣƷҲڿޡ 
ҲһεˣҲԺʹǱľûᣬ˭ȥ۾Ҳֻʪһ˲ 
ӽϣСۣûҳ 
ҲûƷɣ 
һڵҹڳϲƷɳҰ߰˸ڴϡ 
ȣûеȣҡӵģҡ־ġȫ 
׼Ǳӡ 
׷᲻μˣ˵ 
գЦҰ˵ 
޵оѾȫץ͵ػСһ˵ 
ÿϷأֻˡƷ˵ 
ɫ࣬һԲ 
ãڶ賿ȫǱӡ賿ܶ 
Ұ˵ܹͷСۿ϶Ҳܷͷ 
Ұ˵ƷɣСӦû졣 
˭Ҳû뵽СʧˣСһʧǼ꣬رʵݡƷɳѾ 
˾׽Ūǡ 
ҪɱФ֮ûɱΪ㲵ФִУ㬶ȥӴ˶ɱͷ 
˸һƬۼӴ̶ 
ˢϴСԺˮͻͻš 
˭Ҳû쳣Ժʪˮûɢȥ׼ϣͻȻһˡ 
ˡ 
գ׷ᣬǲȥˣҰ˵ 
ƷɸæĴѰңװˡȥһ׸ߵ˵ҰһǧǮ 
ʱɶ˵ 
Ļһ˫ƤЬҲˡ 
϶ȥˡҰ˵ 
զ죿˵ 
ʱˣȣȻһˡƷ˵ 
ոȣβҲýȥ˵ 
£ԽƷ 
һ峿ˣ滺ӻ 
ҽԺ̫ƽ䣬һС·ϣһƬŨŨ 
·ϳſȺվš 
Żһʮվ·ϣĬĬĳ̡Զӵ캣ǡվͷҲˣҲһʮ 
Ǳ˴˴к 
׷ҪμӵģӰǼСѡ 
ʱ·ˣѡ·ɫأûкǰ˴к 
ҲˣһֲȺɢܡǽҪܲϾ¾˾ݲһ㡣 
УһҪǡĵص㡣 
ܾɥˡʵָӲʱҲͳһΪƷŻﲻ 
ĳΪһε顣 
޳һŵǽ̫ƽ䣬ظ񣬺Ȼ顣 
ۣҲˡ 
ѩ׵ı£һװһ˫ƤЬֽ¼˺ˡ 
ּֽб磬ˣҸϴһ飬ɸɾߡ磬ȥϴ趼Ҵ걳Ҹꡣ磬㿴ҵᣬ֪ܸоҵᡣҵˮֻΪ磬װЬӣȥǱ߻ŴԼóԳԣúȺȣõһ죬Ҳ̣ܶҲܳһȥ㡣磬㰲ĵȥһҪɱСۣһ磬ҸŪް磬ֻˣ׷᲻ȥˣԭµܵܡ 
ֽܴ֣ 
ţ˵ϡ       
    77   
ĽظĴ롣ѯʵ֪ʱһ꣬ͷߣ棬˫˵µ׵ܵܣͻȻӿˮظ޷ɡ˵Ҫϴһ裬ظ˵ϴˣ·ˡҪϴظҲûȥ˯ˡ 
Ǹˮϴ˵ĵطظ칫ʱˮɫˮֽ档 
ϴ˺óʱ䣬һֱˮ졣ظ˵ 
ͳˡ 
Ƶĳ᳡ˣ߻鳵ߵĽϿ죬·ϣ˴˳ţ·Բ˫ۡ 
裬ٿô죬طŪ㣡·溰 
캣ҲϹв˾ 
Ҷ۳˶İ 
Ļ᳡յأҷ׷״ӳΪ׷ỹûʼƦåΧһȺ 
Ƕ˵Ĳֵ˵ĳˣҲȥ̣ȫƷˣȫЩӵϡ˵ıܣ½ġ˾ȱԼߵһ 
ϧһٻˣҶ˵ 
ʱп˰椣㲵İͷң¶վ 
°˵ 
·ԶԶվǺŨ֣ܵ˼ǡ 
ʱ̫Ǻķ硣ҿһýӰӰͷߣ棬Ŀ⾼ 
ĮɨһЩƦå˶˺սĿ̫ˡ 
ϳ 
׷ῪʼʱȺԶǰƦå߶Ǳʹˡ 
ʼˣųɶӣ£ļ֡ 
յһ˫ʱֲȥ 
˵ҸҸͱˡ 
˳Ϳ£ֲ֧סˡӰĽͷճʱڼ 
׷캣ǰƦåȻȥɡ 
·Ҳڿ˼ 
ƷȹϵϣҲǣվҲǡʱ磬ûӰҰļֵܳȥ̽ˣҲû 
Ʒɽǰ̵һʱ򣬳ɫ˽ 
β 
𺳴صġ816ȥˣ˾һϿ˶Ӵ˳ 
816ĵܸɾһ꣬ͷҲХ۵åŻ 
ǹɱһ˸һһƹ޻𳵺¡¡涼Ǻ䤱 
ĸ̲һ޼ʵɳĸɲ˵ܣǹӵûܣ켸ҹܴԽûˮԴɳĮǵĴš 
ȥżϹϺͷǷɹԽ֮һ漣 
д˵ûвɢϯҲûв¡ȻǽҲζſʼֻأҲֻءҲֻصĹԽԽ⣬ҲԽԽ⡣ֻǮʱ͸ˡ 
о׳Ǯ̣һԶԽҡոһʮСʱб¹ʮСʱ 
Ժ类չĲԭ΢ѿ캣ļô׳ 
СǰǼ꣬캣Ѹٷչļ꣬ȻгֵܣеҰгͳĸĶ 
Ʒɳͳ¾ۼױˣѲǹȥĽ           
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