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01 
һǳעˣȥ20һţСѧѧһп޵ģֻһˡҲԽˣһ콵ٵϣһ÷̵峿ΨһҶȥˡ 
ᣬ֮ǰҵ˵СˣҲҪģҪúչԼûðҿŷ׵֣ǽڸͻأһ˫Ҵһӵֻ֣Զķſҡ 
һصһ˵ӣ̵Ĺǻҡԭķһ¿࣬ʧÿһ䷱ϢҿﻹǰĲˣǰԺһƬǵҪȥ 
ϴ˲ˣ֪վסˣȵȣҲƽʱѧУʳóԵģҪѧҰŪ˺һӣһ̺ںǿ˵ĶŪˣˣֻҪշˡ򵥣ֻҪõ緹ͿˣһᡣҲϲͷź׺ˮӦûһᣬſ˯ˣΪǰ̶ûкۼ¡ 
ʱ򣬲ҾԼУΪҿԼΣֻܿǰããһƬĴʱһӰ˳ 
ǺǣǼ;ɣѾˡǸЦŶ˵ 
ˣô֪һҪúûģҪ̵ƭңôһΡ 
ǸҲţһӣһ澵һĶƯڿУҼסǴ¥Ѿûˡ 
ءءԭˣǱģһǵ緹ԭɣ 
˺ܿʲôͷ˷Ҳˣȥ̰ɣƮֱǸקԭĵط˵δҲȫˣѾҵ˺ʵʬϾ͸ʬꡣ 
ҡһû˵һӣֻһ͵ڰˡ 
02 
ҵʶںڰƯţȻһɾʹȫߣְҲֻһôʹأѵǽʬĸоˣǸ˵Ҳ븴ˣʱһʹѹҵʶûˡ 
Ż°ôҲôģ͵ſأ͸Ż 
˷ҶʹʲôУҺҵô֡һ˽ǹҲܺˡ 
ۣܣİĵطװһӣɵϺľƵ񻨴󴲣ӦϺõľģ˿ʣ߹ˣӦѾߣһּı鶢ҡ 
ӦǽʬӦ˰ɣ»Ϊթʬ 
ȫ˻ȥҲ֪˶೤ʱˡ˼δݻȥһǵλһѾߣҵһ£ſ޵ûءǡءΪˡءҶҪᡭءŵļҲһſ 
޵Һ÷ҲŸջҪôڣҲ֪ԭôģȫ۵ҪæǸѾߣˣҲǻˣ 
ӼҰ~ôˣһķǸôôǣҺֻܿȥǱ 
£ӣǸɢ˵˵ĻǶأոհˣ˵Żؿڣҿˣһ¾Ҫˣʱ򽻲ˣةษ֪ʲô³ 
ңҲǵǰˡҾװʧˣ̫鷳Ҫˣ 
ǰǰּ˵ʮͽҲ֪ô¡˵Ҫޡ 
һһ㶵ģѲҽʬŮģ 
æȥѽûеĶûУеҲа 
ո˵ʲô 
˵Ҳ֪ô¡ 
ǣһ䡣 
˵ 
Ҫǰһ䡣 
ǰּ˵ʮͽ 
û˵ҿǸеģ 
ū֪ʲôˣҳͨ鰡 
ǰһڣô°ҪȥǸʣ˹ȥ 
03 
ٴʱѾպˣҲûμǸûа취ȽɡÿոߵѾߣǸҿǸк̡ 
Ҵ˽һֻ֪һΪĹңϧʷѧһͿҲ֪ǲйŴϰҾӦòǹŴйϵκһһӿͨ飬һŮӿݷ򡣺~~ҾǸ͵ˡ 
˽κЦ壬ةκӵĵӣ˵ԭǸǰһˣҲ֪ǸĹôģԺ̵Ļ˵һ飬ޣ˭һ鶼Уôƫƫأˡ 
ȻҲųͬǶԱ˵ģҪԼһɶ񺮴ӽŵǲܱܽ˰ѹ~~~ 
Ҫߣءءҵ廹ǲ´ô찡 
Ҫʱ̶һҿ˾µĺںĶ˽ 
ӣ˵úϢԣ˯˵žͰ붫ࡣ 
æ˹һں꣬ЦҸʹࡣΪѾԹˣ 
ΪʲôôĶҾȸ̸ܡ 
ֹĬ˰˵ūҲ֪˭µĶĳЩӵµ֡ҸѽҳһʲôҲûУǸʲôκЦҲӦøҲ׼Ǹʺģ 
Ҳ֪Ǻõʱ߽һˡ 
һ£Ÿ߸ߵķ٣˵ƮݣӦòǳ֮ 
̼æȥ˺ʲôϵأڴͷ´ 
̣ȥҸĵġ΢΢һЦ 
̿ң˳ȥ 
ĵܣɺЩô⼸̫æղŵÿ㡣ڴأʵİҴϵ¿˹ߣʲôÿģ⼸ұ⣬һӰûҿеĲʵһҵġ 
һЦ춼ءôɢζΣҿǷ˺ôĹŪģǺǣû뵽Լõģ֪Ͳˡ 
Ρԭκɱĵü졣Ӧúʲôأ磿磿磿 
һã۹ⶢҲ֪˵ʲôʲôǵˡĽʧеס 
ǺǣҲʧ䣬Ǽʧ䡣أֻһˣҪӳȥҿ԰㣬ҲǸһߵġ˫ۣһֻĺЦֶŶȥ 
ҿƮȻȥӰ˼Ҳ֪Ϊʲôܵǿһӳȥ᲻̽أ 
̼߽ʣû°ɣǶүƢرĹء 
ԭҶ簡~վߵ 
ҲܸӰ 
04 
ֹգ춼˯Ҳ㲻ҹ 
һܹ۹ڽʱһֻĲӬϵģôˣģ 
ˣôԴű˯أӬ̫ûְҵˣ 
Ӧǿ˲˵ĶˣֻһϺȻӡӡİӣſϣﻹҵͷζڿӡ 
ӣӣѽڿҵģһߣһŰ´ñӰԼӰãԹǸ˶Ҫǿֲ 
Ҹд۵С۵ʱ򣬺һ˽ɫĽ³Ӧþҵˣһûк͵кǸճ˹ҵľӾһڡ 
ǣ˫һμĵȣѽɫǣҡ 
ءءʧߡء 
ҾȻǸӦҵڸɫ˵ϳϡ 
ɣҵֻûһĳ棬Ҽҵδɷ˳㻹 
ȻͣͣʯС 
Ǹʵҵ˵ӣ¾㣬Ҫ޻Ҫ£κةȥˡȻϵȥˡ 
Ҳأһο϶ܵļƻ 
º̶˵ʧ󣬱ú¸Ŷû˸Ȼءһ˫ð۾ݵĿҡ 
ҼƤһءҲ֪ҵҶˡ 
ˣҺúǰǸκĵʲôˣʺ̡ 
ǰر𲻰˵оǾʧ٣Ұ췢һֱ˵ǰر죬ڵǸˡ 
ˣ޽⡣ 
̣ǲʲôңҿ̵۾ǰ30Ƚǵĵطڲϵֽ 
ûСԽ˵ԽСвĿ˳͡ǡոүūûý 
Ϊʲôûһһ֡ 
ӣʵүÿģǱү۸Ҷá 
Үô¡ѵκĺһȣ 
Ҷ챻߰Ĺϵˡ 
05 
ҲѾˣ´ˣŶһ 
һ£ϴ裡~⼸˶ҳһĺٲϴҪˡءżÿ 
̧һľͰˮȻҵ·ҸϽ˶ϳȥ찡ҿܲһ˿ҡ 
Ҳ˨ٺ٣Ͳ͵ϮˡѵΨһһ£˽ȥ 
ˮ¸ոպã񻹷ɢζĶˮͻݵ㣬һ˯ 
Ҵʼϴ屣治׻˿Ƥʮϸ޳֫ˮ˳ϸ䣬кڷơءҲˡ 
ʲôһءˡءҾȻԼѪˡԺô˰ 
ͻȻʶһûڵأְ䷿䶼ûоӵ˵ 
Ϊ˲ʧѪ࣬ҽŲһ¾һɾ·ĺ̽н˰ľͰ̧ȥ̣ôûӰ°ʡ 
ӣǰ᾵ѽŽĶˣҲû˸ҷѽ 
ܣաǸκĹȻ⣡ 
ͳȥȡһǧҪ̫ѿҪ󲻸ߵģǰǸ׼С 
֪ʲôǻˡ 
ءءͲдСܡˡ 
ѹǸϲҶ㶯ˡޣޡ 
ȻҾͼһ죬ֱ˵ˡ 
ʾҲҪǸ磬ʵ̫ˣκĿϵľǸأź̰˽ 
ΣúǸһģһˣ硣ǵĺѾͷҲûһ˫̥Ұû졣 
Ȼʿһˡ 
С˾ĿĿңȻŲŲŲ 
ҵĿ챻ĥʱŲߣ˵塭֪ܡءҲܶȥҡءôȥ 
㻹еģѾ֪ΪʲôκĻѡˣǺǣŸǸһԼǰޣǶôһ° 
ļ磬ҲûҶǵǰˣҲҪѹ 
ֹͣ˿ҵ˵壬ˡ 
ɲԲҪ尡Ҷˡ 
ǰôеġء㲻Ҫˡء 
˺÷üʾ⣬ҿ飬Żڿ޵קүӻûȫãҪϢˣȹѡ 
Ȼ䶼徲ˣɮ 
06 
ͣͶյܼƻѾˣǾȳȥ˵ϾҲ֪浽ʲôӡ 
ԺתһȦ˽һµΡΪʲôЩΧǽô߰׶ߣҹڵҲһ߶㣬ʵڹšΧǽһȦڷһԱȽϰһǽǺǣҼסλã 
סôʱķ䣬Щ᲻ˡءǱƻ飬һԵةษһֺеĹӵ˵УôûϢЩʲôԽʱյĲִĿѧ֪ʶһأҲһԵģݰ~κЦ壬ӽԺҼ;Ҫʱմչͼ 
㱵źĸϵİϢ޷ǶүôôƭļС㹫ӣȻһŰ˼߳ȥ˵ûɫľһԱʰԼĥضΪһӰ󡭡ءҺġҵĶǽˡ 
ˣ̣ҽôһȺ˵Һ첼öŶǶزصģԸûѲҹ 
ӣµʹ鰡ȻҪϲˡ̵ע̱˹Ƹأö鱦Ŷһһฮ̧Ǻǡ 
ʲôѽֲġģʱ䲻ˣҪߣˣҺûǮô죿ûǮ粽УҿɲһȥͶ 
ҷٷءǸκôһӶûа˵ִƱˡҷ˰죬ͲӸˣҲҵƷһ壬Ҳֵֵ֪Ǯˣȴ˵·ɰ͵ڡ 
Ҿʹź̳Ȼͼϴ˯Լǧ˯ˡںģûʲôˣҲ֪ڼˣóҲصС΢ɫ˳ȥ 
úڰĻ԰ôôɭֲأǸɽˡһĬӷţһߵسϿİǽȥ 
ãûˣҷŵשڡ͵͵İѰӹȥȻʼǽв㣬ǲ㡭ءǰ 
ޱԹǽʱһִֻӺҵļ򣬰һתȥһʶˣ̫ڿ࣬ú۹ң˵˭ʲô 
ãûΪһ¡ӹӦÿԡǺǣҪ̤ʯ 
ˣǽһ 
 
ˣס 
 
վֱ 
 
ˡˣҪˣ˻ӻ֣Ҫ˵ʲôûע⣬Ϊһ鷳 
ء̫ˡһôô߰ء²ȥˡ 
Ҿ͹ǽͷҲǣҲ²ȥҶᡭ 
ҮôһѵŻѵ˳˹أ 
ߡŷͬĲ֣Ȼһ˵ǸűϵĹˡôû뵽ΪʲôǽȽϰأԺǽء 
ҹ˯ʲôϵݺݵ˵ 
ҡڿ㿴ϵǶôƯҾװ׳գǸκıǸˡ 
һӽµʫһաʱȺÿһһ˽ƵĽɫۣŲʷ˵㣬Ҷճ棻ͦ٣˧ˣǶ˸ӡ 
øЦӣЦءôôɡءǸɫǻʵҿ~ҹûҼѽ˼͵Ϯġ 
ʱ֮ҹκãϵѵ 
ѧԽԽˣˣϵӵۡ 
ûʲôҵϥѾˣƾʲôҪﰡ~ 
ʲôһءԼаѱڱء 
ءҽʮ꣬׼ȷ˵ʮ죬ôİͰקסϵ·һѱһϲ䣬˳һǸʡߣ֪ЦЦ㣡 
ҺҵʱǸų粻֪ĸð˳ȻͨһȻˣ˵ҸҲ˶š 
ҲãЦҲΪҲܵġء̫ûˡءι㲻Ҫ֣ԽԽںòáҵϧ̫Ͷˣû֡ 
ءϡǳȫǰɡءȻĳ˾ϵ·ʼˡκӱ~ôô죬ͺҸոաޣôôûзءҲŲܸءǺǡС 
ҼҽҹŶһԼ磬һӰ߷ɹǽϣһѭȥͿǽǱͷʹޡ鰡ǺǡĽŹŶǺǡҷŵ硭 
ҸЦתȥŷ˵ĲǵȴǸɫǻʵۣ亹ֱҪ֪Һһŵǰ𰡡ءҲˡ 
ҪҺܰϥ¶û֪ˡءҲض 
㲻κЦ壬˵ʲô˽ӽʲôĿģһֱ˵ڿˡ 
ءҲǸκİӽأܡءЩҶ˵϶֪ҲǸκˣôش˵ǽʬҲû˻ŰءҺÿ 
ҲκЦ壬˭װɵǽ;Ҫѧá 
ǰϲ֪ǰЦ˳󲡣ǰȫˣϳӰУҸ߻ϣϳϳҲ¹ȻһһᰡͲûݺˣϵ 
ԭô£պ֮аҲʧ֮ȷ黹죬ߣһһα 
۹ɨ˹ǺǣҲˣҵɣҵ㣬֪ʲôҲ֪ǳģ 
ҵĵһܾһƬ֣ͬϼһ֣ƮżĿнˡ 
ֵǣҲûܷʱһȥˣȻˣǱĳɫǱȥģǻ̤ʯ֮ǰûҵľҧһڣǲһҪĥءʹ 
ȻһﳤȥҲŷӦˣǿȫļҵ 
08 
ǰһεĲʹѵҾʵʩƻ֮ǰҪϤΣǺǣ֪֪ˣսʤҽҪ̺һڸҹ䡣 
ӰǶͬһطȦˡ·ߵͤ˵ʲôˡ 
ûа취Ҳʹడһ뵽ʮҾҪΪ˸ˣҾޡءΪʲôܺŻǰŶôŰ 
ӣҲ֣컹ûôءŶ뵽Ӧ½ɡ 
òøͼֱץأ˰ɣö˵˵ 
ŶһһҵĽźʹвԱСʹܡءˣҵǰѵͶ硣 
尡쵽׸ʲô˰챻Ūĺʹ㶼ûҡءȻҪˡء 
ͷۣǸκľ˰ôǺǣԹҲһء 
ùʱ̫˯˹ȥٴʱѾˣְôûеơҲúڰһϮҴ˸¡ɣͺȥˣ߶һ 
ðҺˡءô°ǳ˰ء֪ûйء 
ҵķ䰡۾ĴֻܿһЩģӰӡ 
һҽӸڵķ䴫˹ 
ҽһ˵ϣ岻Ǹ΢΢ӷ϶͸ķ˹ȥ 
ԭΪῴһѪȵľͷǺǣǷúõĵһվӶѡ֧վŽȥҿʲô 
ö澵ŶѵղؾӵȺã벻סҳұء 
ǺǣҸСһ˰ɣΪҲ֪ô£ôǶڽ 
ҿڳı־顰ء硭ңҲˡҲҪˡ 
ã˭㲻ҵȰߣΪƾܸʲôתȻֳǶ沿̬һֵصϣɡءѵѵءҾȻһʵ˸ѵˣΪֻϲأҾȻҵ硭ء 
滹ڽžʵһ˱ݣѾ첻ˣٴλ뾿ʲôԣְôû˷أǵģѵ˵κҲ֪ܲ˲ɱͽ͵ͨˡ 
һ˼ûзһѾվһ󾢷ϮһʹҾʲôҲ֪ˣֻŵһɵ㡭 



 
09 
ҾԼһУããһƬɡϤˣƯ֮У˼ôһ¡ 
ȻǸֳˣǺǣþòˡ 
㰡ôģôһ㶼֪ԩء 
ûֻǻǱ˳һҪ㡭֧˰Ҳ˵ 
÷¾Ϳ˵ʲôԥġ 
ģڡʬʱ򡭡ǸŪˣһ˵ˡ 
Ҿҿˣɡءˣ½ɡʵ뿪Ҳͦõġءôе᲻ء̫ˣҾʹʮ˵һڴ϶ȹģûгȥһ硭ء 
ǲܵģһֻһת˼˵ɵģһᲹģұ֤µ50ԲΣգͬʱ԰ʵһԸǺǣڻشҪ뵽˿Ժҡ 
ŶͯŶһԸءʲôԸءڻ˼ʵҾôҲͦģкܶˣȻ֣˹ء 
ˣ˵ˣȥɣ뿪̫ʱá˵Ҳһڳ˼ȻһŰ˳ȥ 
ȵȰûôأһ䶼ûü˵;ǰһڣֳȥ 
պŶƮƮϰϰ˵ȻûбִҵȾĿ£ܻð 
һԸ飬ͻȻԼȻڻĽҰĲݵϣô£ҲӦ˯ҵĵ񻨴𣿡ءҺˣϿ¡ˣǱ˸ˡءôˡ 
ѵΪǸл꣬˼Ϊˡءûһʬ𼣣ˡ 
ﰡֻдеһƬ֣˼ҲûСءҶˡҲûа 
ʰһ£ҲһϵȻ˿򣬶ӦҪıأҿǸ·ա 
Ӧ߰ɣҲ¡ǵϺ˵ôľ򣬺Ǻǣ֪Լǵõһִ֪ʶʼҵȥһƬá 
Ŵ鷳Ľͨ߶ûУⲻһ·ũϣһ·ĳɳǶȥ 
ӣҿǸ˰ɣǲμӹٿİǺǡҰһ֪ǷˣһܸУǺǡϳũ϶ֻҡͷءûӰ㵽˳Ҳûеطסô졭 
ҲʱѾͨ˳ţĶɡ 
ʲô˰ӵôԶĵطأΪʲôҪϮأͬһǸκЦ徿ôһأһһҵԺ۳ңûпǽŵĸʾ 
κϻ˽֪ͨϱٸȡ5׽10ƽ𣬵һҪˣΥ壬մˣ 
10 
ŴĶǹȻ֣ҸǸũлȻ̤İ· 
վ·һãȻ֪ȥҶҲˡмĿģ˾һָָ㡭ءŷԼһͷɢңʵǺǵӡء 
ţߵһҾ¥ǰŵƮһķ㣬ҵĿˮҪˣиСҰ죬̲ס˹͹ҪԷأˣ 
ҹϴһ֪ǺӣǸСܶҵؤˡءҺÿ 
ǿԼûõģǺǣ֪ڹŴ԰ͻ᲻ᰤ򰡣ҿܲˡǰһ˺һ˼ڼȵĽս֮Сһ˵̨ǲˣ 
̧ͷһ˫ڵӣһ˫أķ۵аҲǸʵ۵ĻĿ磬ȴǺɰٴʯסҵĿ⡣ 
̨blzyzz 
ŻعöŶȻһ˿ˡءҿûʶҡ 
ҵӱ͵ˡ˵һĨһᡭ졭ԽԽϷˡΪ桭ҲϰοԼС顭 
̨ʱԺһ·˵Żָָ߼ˣԭǸոȺ˰ũ˵ϿȻк˵ġԱ߼˳ЦЦͰǰ˼䡣 
¼;һγԶţ;ͽҵͯȫ°ȥҾһ˳ҡͷ֪֪֪ұ°ˣжҲ֪ôˣǸɫǡ 
͹ӲҪţҶͬţʲôǻһ£͹ҲӦμӹٿġǼǺͩģͬСǸȸ˵ˣ˵档 
桭Ʈݵһءֳļƣֺº͡Ǻǡǵﶼء 
Ȼ䷹ԣǺǣ԰ײԣ̸εĹٿǵﶼһѧĲأҲٿˡ 
ȻһɧԭڳԷȺſڼȥҲеܺ棬ʲôأԱ߼˶ûʲôǸ棬ʲôˮ֮ðЦŶ˵سӣǳȥ 
æͷǺǣϲˣ֪ʲôˡ 
11 
ѾˣڵȴԶһҲʱţ 
˵ִʤ̣Ȼ˵áǺǡһüɫ˵ 
ôսôģҿ׼ǹڻܵ£һ˿϶˵ 
䣬סлˡǺǡԭֻҰȻǸɫǻʵ۲ôǺǡ 
˵ĸҪ˽һ£ҵͬ鰡ҼҼò׼Աߡ 
ĸǸǰҹ˵Ǹֺһ˵˵ӿҪǻϿʴȣ糭κةˡ 
ꡭС㡭Ͳ±һңǸּȥˡ 
ô˵ҰءǱ˰ߵġȻҲԼ 
һûô£Ⱥ 
ͼһϣңңڶǰУĿɨܣ͸Źƣ΢򣬿ʲô顣 
Ӧþʲôˡͷ뵽ո˵ĻҪץҵİɡءҲҪ 
һعͷһֺЦҡգһּۣǸĶŵĶ桭ۻ˰ɡ 
ȥʱ˶ԶˣĶҲƺƵĿ˹ȥ 
ȺɢˣǼּصԭء 
ʲô˰Һ֪ŶǶû⡣ 
ҩɾȵҡءʵڲ֪ 
κЦ磬ǵةĳӡº͵˵ 
һ㶡ԭҴ硭ء˵ôûԭˡ 
ǳˣûıļܣûֵǮĶǲӦûȥһءУԲУֵĺܴһȥ绢ڣҲŲҪòײšӡ˵ 
ſĵļҶҲң˵ѵõĽţıϧǸҪҲȥͶˡ˵껹⿴ۣϧûע⡣ 
ԱˣȻ˯ˣֻоֻ˯ƤޱȿġءûǮҲҪ𵽵סءôұ 
ǺǣǸȻǸˣ˶˵ 
ĴռͷҽҪܹʱְҪȥϴ裬ԭн񱰡ǺǣϴϴҲϴ̫ˡ 
ܵԺҴˮһ£˻ȻͿþȵıڿңһ㶡⡭ԼڳˣԭһֱͷɢģҲûעңڡءҿҪ޴ȥˡءĻĴڵҳ˲Ź֡Ǻţż硭 
12 
վСءҺ䰡ȻѾ˴ĩϻǺ˵ 
㶵ĿңֵǵǾޣǴľȡѲϳˣҲ֪κʲô˰ô죿鷳ˣ֪ûݵķӣҵѧѧ 
Ǻǣ͹ĳû뵽ոնеﻹ¡ЦºΪոյʧ̬͡ô䵭࣬仰ͰԶˡ 
صҲ֪ôˣûʲôġӻ֣ءô찡Ҫȥ˯ 
͹Ӳĳһ㡭ĺŵЦ⡣ 
ʱҺȻһͷǾǡؼҡءҲˣǺˣոҲûСɫ۾ңӦûģҰο 
ĴԺ˯ˡҺۡ 
˯֮䣬ƺһ̾ϢȻҾ˯ˡ 
ѵʱѾԱߵλǿյģȥģѵǸû˯ôҲûпӰأϴһ£˵̨ϵĸ࣬Աעһ㣬һ£Ǻǣܵء֮Ҳûжٸı䣬ֻǺ˵㣬ȥǸƼݵˡ 
߳䣬һļˣ׷磬棬ȴ˵ڻû档ˣ˵ȥء 
׼֮ĹٿϾ˼ңҲûȥģֻһݵ˵ɺиݣȥݼȥˣȻҲң 
ҺŶת˰죬Ҳû¿Ȼҿķŵİ治Сģһô졭ԹţҲ֪ЩʲôŶǺǡɲ͵ֻǿǺǡ 
СĴ򿪡ֻмѡҰ׸һ 
ְŪ÷ŻԭڷתҪһƻЩ춼æˣûһĴء 
һһЩʲôءôʲôҲᰡҵӢǺܲġءò˵ 
Ƚƫģ֪ǲЩʫʸ踳֮࣬Ǽ˵ʲôˮ֮ӦһЩ⡭Ҳ֪١ 
֪ôŶ᲻ṵ̃ҷ˼վתԭء 
ʱÿ찡ӦѾˡôûлò˻׳ڵɡ 
׼ںȿ˭ʱڿӰӡȻ쿴ǸءҸˡء 
ǣұһμĴץ˼ҡʱұҲֻҹءҶݵôñץҺܸˡޣޡǱ˸ְܵô֪ҾܵǸ 
13 
ءҺ°ǸҴϣȻһ·ҼҽءҺʹడءҵθѹĺܡ·ôô 
ѾĬ˲ʮġħûԣŰ񡭡һ˳㿴˿һֱںģôءߡ֪ˡ϶ǻûõͽ𡭡û뵽Ȼˡ㡭 
ֵһĮҲҡ 
ǧ£ΰΡ롢ׯµةฮˣǰҴķƵİҴϱΪֻгˡ 
һˣתʮߡ˸䣬ʮ֮ڵ 
ءҵ߶ұ籧͸һٱ򣬲ڳҲ÷Ǹʵں棬ĺܣҿ϶ù 
ȻǸʺ棬ҸеޱֵǣԴӽţǸʾûһۣǶĴŵۡǺǡѵˡ۹⻹˵ȻĳңҲòвòҲܿ㡭ǺǡҲˡ 
Ҳһν۹ʶšǺǡ~һ͵ЦǺǡҵҸҪ 
ҺԼڵĴˡءҴһɱ˵۹ɨңȻһӣžһҴõءʹˡ 
ʱ˲ְ۹ŵϣҵҲʼ˳ƪĽ̵˵κЦ壬ҶڻǲҶӣǿ챻ˣκҵ㶪ˣ˵أǸТҷǺݺݽѵһ٣ 
Ȼ˵һѣŪ׵ֻжһˡְû簡ô˵Һһء 
һ֪ô£˵Цһ˵ģӦŪˡеˣŶҵıǺ޲ϳ 
ʲô֤أ𣡡ʵ׺ݵ͸ɱ⡣ 
Үɱ⣿֣ǿ𡭡 
ôᣬֻǾ£֤ݵȷûС 
û֤ݣš 
ʵˣʥϲҲա 
ÿ֪ǵӣΪβ 
񲻸ңֻʥһֱûбݣ񲻸óȻ񡣡 
ô˵޵Ĳˡ 
 
 
ۡþʡҿһһ㶵ġ֪ô˵Ǻǡҽˡ 
棬ҵ֪ʲô񾭣һߣԶսҲˡְҵʶءŶ 
Ц壬Ҳҵҷ 
ҴӵŲǰ֪ǲҪѵ 
棬֪ǣЦͻ¾ҪˣΪ˳ӵҲûа취ʵ˵˰ɣЦҲͬģΪɱ㡭ҵĳ˵ 
ɱһȻָֻ̬κΪɱİôԽԽͿˡ 
Ц壬㲻ǵ˰ɣԭ档 
Ϻ? 
14 
ǺǡڵһôôðءϱһŮѶûнѵ˵ӵһˣôߵǲ˰ 
ҼǵСʱи˵ʲô·~󸻴~ʵأֻ֤˵ĶǹһزۣһǱġء뵽Ҿ;ÿҵ֮ûмʲôŮӵ˵ȻҪ˺̡ءѵ˵κעֻˡءǲ⡭ҲҪ 
һΪҵ˿յʱҲûǸҪɱ˵۹ɨҺ棬ֻþ쬵ġ 
ҵ֣˼ûƽ˵Ц壬ˡ̾˿ŵһۣҲ֪ʧˣվڽͷֻǾмѣΪ֪ҪĻԲ᲻ҵģǺӣ֪жǱƵģҲûа취ô԰Ҹء 
濴ӵȷǷǳϲκءءҪҪѾˣϲǸĲˡ̲ġ֪ûϣĻ˾Ͳ̫̰ģֳɵϣǰôܵʧȥһǲİءΪѡ 
ЦҲ⣬ҲҪ̫ˣվûҵ̾һ˸ܽᡣ 
һֱ˵ܲûˡ 
һȦָԼ˵ң 
ɫɰת࣬һֱĺŵ֡ 
ѽˡһεδ˵ӦǾδ˰ɡء֪ôҡءŴ̷ֲܿءҺòײת˵ 
һֱûжĳڵܹһǿıŵ֡ʹȻĶ˵ĺˣЦһúչ˵ġǺǡ 
Ϊ˷ֹ¼ٴηҵæ˵ϣЦ˽ԳӣҹҪܷ 
ѽҪءŲԼӳȥأǱ˸ץȥģڻĽҰ⡭ءӲһûˡء˵ŻҪȥ·ҵȼ֮һˡ 
ءôءҾ͸Ϊʵ·Ͳߡ㡭 
濴棬һһĳ鶯ûʶƤءǺǡ 
˭޵Цˣȥļҡһߺһ˵ 
Ҳ֪ұˡءҶʱǺǣһûԶͣͣҪСӵءǡ 
ааЦãȥԷ 
ȻһѾʯˣұ˺Ժ 
ԱˣĿڴǵϣ˯ءҾԼԽԽûˡһֻ׳ˡ 
Ц壬ҡң֪޽ʲô 
ô֪񡭡亹ڱֱ 
 
ʲô 
ԺͽɡǺǡҲС 
ĸҽаʵ۵ֶǼɻ˵ 
ˣ޲㡭Ҫôء˵Ͳ˹ءûطɶ㡭Ҳ̶ֹסˣĴϸϸĦţǺǡҾȻЦˡءˡ 
۷̹⣬һûӳͱһʪȵĶռˡءҵĳǡء 
15 
µòǺܴ󣬷紵ִµζǳ浾ڴ̨ϣҵȻӹƻҹеǡءʹడһվһ磬ҪʲôվҪ߹ţ·ҪءȾѵҪĥˡҵĲӵŻʹóء˰ĦŶ 
Ҫӣߣܵġ 
̣˵ϿΣҺİ 
ǰٿүҲҪμӵģūΪеĻȽϴ󡣡˵ŻҰĦ¡ 
ϲΪҲŲǸʻԸء 
ӲǵˣٿȨԴүϣֻ֪ȻٺͲμ硣 
ҮôʵۺûʲôȨ 
밡үӣȻͻ¿̵Ц 
Ǻûʲôϵ 
ء㡭 
 
Ȼſڴ̨Ͽ羰 
ԶԶһŻٸҴͬ߸¥滹ż޵ŮҵİɣҪ֤ҵĲ룬̼æܽӲˣʺˣʰһ¡ 
һ룬ͱϴ 
ʺݵһ 
~Һ󻹲ء̽ŰŪһ£ҵűߡһ߻ңӣСĵʺܵܵģ϶̽ġ 
ءΪʲôûҽһô° 
һڱԹһֻµʹű߿˽ȻŮͷڣںڵ˿һɵķ٣Ƕ̶ˮ΢һʷõɫװƵԽֲʧŷ緶ôһ˼ 
ںңʹŻ񡭡ءˡ 
ֻƣڹҲ˵ǰ˲˵ԹԵƲ£ϲ衣 
ǵģһ鶼ˡҲ߹ȥһߵȥֵĿֱʹɫҲףҲûȥҴ絽ľͷƵվһߣġ 
ʮվҪˣƽ̵ǿɶѧ𣿡˵껹ЦЦƿҾѡء 
ǹҰ׺˵ĻȻ˲ֻã̫ˣҶǲס 
Ǻǣϰ߾ͺˣ˵⼸ճ˵껹ҷۡ 
ûаҵ°ɡʵʵ˵Ųžˡ 
Ǻǡ˵κĹòһȻǸ˶ѹֻϻô˼ 
лʺ͵۰ƨ˭ᣬߣһģ˵ʵڵҶ֪Ҫʲô 
˰Ҫ˵Ļ˵ڣɴĿڵǻ·ʱˣҲûˡȻȥˡ 
̼ԶˣŲ˵ū澲ˣ϶Ҫġء 
Ҳء 
֮ǰݺݵһۣǾ̫ûϢ˰ɡ 
ϣʹڴϣȥ˯ţòһ˯⣬һӰӴ˽ѵС͵ֱġءֲҶ 
ߵǰŷ磬ְ羹Ȼй򣿣 
17 
߽Ʈһ󵭵㡭ζϤұεʱŵ𡭡 
Ȼʶ˸Ͳ磬ӦþǰҵǸˣô糤һءǺǡӦþǴ˵еˣû뵽һܼʶ 
Һ˼ʱѾƽǰȻһѩĶϻӹѽҿˡǿǰĥѩĵ 
ǰѵҵǰһ룬ұܵ˳ȥܹˡءհҪһ飬СôĪûˡǺǡû뵽ֻͦءӦþͽǱˡǰһŵ˵ 
ǸȻҲû뵽ҾȻһŵҪءô° 
ȵȣ㣬ҵ𣿡ҪٿûطˡءҲҪô 
ߣκЦ壬첻һΪЦӱŻǸӡһߣޡ 
Ҷʲô°ԭκǵĻءҪڹء 
ѻ˵ء㲻Ҫ׷ءһһͼΣռһ˽ûʲôáءܵĺۡء 
㾹Ȼ˻ǽ׷󡭡 
ҵʮȦ֮ҿʼ佱ԼˡǺǡΪˣûǾҴ硭 
ԣҴʮ˳ͿһֵĻ桭ʵҲè׽ľͷءˡ 
ͰʰˣǸ˱ӣһ߻ϵң꾫 
Ϊʲôôңո˵ĻѵϲҶ磿ҶϲκģҲ֪ʲôԭκʲôʹ羫ѡءøӰҵԴˡ 
ιϴǲҵİȻְڻĽҰ⡣ҶԱߡ 
˵ˡɷ 
ҶأŪȥˣǺǣô£ˡ 
ޣҲģ 
ͦӲģޱ򦴦͵ĳһƤߡ 
Ļ˵ 
үüͷ 
ԭʶһҪ˵ʲôҲңӺһˡءôôҰ߰Ľô˯οҸոհôοɰС䰡ءˡ 
ϴᡭǰôǸɫǵ 
ججľ˯ˣǸո˶󡭡 
ѵʱѾǵڶ磬Ǻǣһ˯ĿѾ֪ʲôʱʰˣȫûϵǼ˲֪ץôˡҲûǵġ 
̡ 
ӣ˰̴߹һȺϴѾߡ 
ϴ꣬°ʺ̣ôûѧǰ 
ү˵ܾˣӶϢһ£쾹ȻץүٰүأֵĺôŶҪˡ 
үʲô˰ҲŪ 
үǸӴĻʺĵܵܣǺǣкϷˡ 
ءԽԽˡء  
 
18 
緹ոճԹûüС˯һֲ֪ð˳ǷǮƵĺݺһ硣 
òװҵ֪ͨ˵ҵ鷿֪ʲô° 
ӣ³ʮ֪»Ӱһ߰·һѡ 
ȷô£ʵҲǼͥǺǡ֪Ŵ˶Щʲô 
̣Ǹүºô˵ģúŶʲôأôһϢҲûУ˵Ǹ˴Ӧû飬ʵҶȥ˲ǡ 
ôүҲвԴЩ°ūҲֻšţЩǧҪ˵˵ԴڵĻʺлԼġϲᵶᰮ 
Ү𣿿Ҿﲻԣô˵ 
Ⱥ̰ҵĸӵķδ׵Ѿϵʱˣ𿴵ϵĹŴ·ôÿʵʵ鷳һ̿۾Ϳ˰죬ûк̰æĻԼǲɴµȫ׸ѶȶġءͲܹұ 
һ˸ϵҵ鷿ʱ򣬵Ѿܾˣһ 
ң˵ͷָ˸λ£ԱȻǸʲôҲûеı磬мҲͦӵס 
Щӣ˺ܶ£ҺЦˣһҶύҵͻȻסָһŰɫǳľģ˵Ц壬λǸոϯԺһЩʶ 
ء㻹Ҳ۰ء 
һûüǸϯҾһ߾ȫ涽Ĺӡ 
ȻˣǺǡһİۡ 
ûңġˡڸʵϡ 
ءţ١ 
ʲôҲûзֻһܼģڽöȣûȤġֻеҵһֱɨɨȥȴֱֲӿңʲôҪ˵˵ڡŪͷƤһһµءʲô° 
û˵һƵĻصС¥ܾʲôҪءҾԴԺҵĵоرǿôҲ˯ɴұǺǡҪ֪ҼԭĲرء϶ʲôˡ 
ȥҲͼɽˮһЩװдִĻӦǺֵǮģǲܻȥˣҲûʲôá 
תȦʱ򣬲ҿʲô̤ͭһ桭ôأûмǴĻӦǶͭ 
ȥС費ءֻ뿴˼ֻǺء 
ȻһһգҾû֪ˡ 
19 
ǰǺһƬһ˿΢¹Ӱವļ϶͸˽ 
ءʹող֪ʲôأµһשȻԶˣֱֱطءôץĻ˰ɡء 
ĴһСңҸոˤĵطֻһ˸һ㣬ֻԹשԶĵطġ弶ľ̨һƺǺܾûʹˣҸص棬Żûвȥͷˡ 
ѵҵرĵطͳ׼õĻӣ΢Ļ⣬ҺĹ۲ʲôҲûУֻһ䳤6ס3ҵļͨС䣬ڷмһСľ滹ڷһĲߣӵ߻豭ƺŵյĲζѾ˺һҡĵطľɵļªĴһֵͷҵԺ֡ 
һҡôءͷۡ 
ɫӦû硣ǾôһڣҲû˸տʼʱ£е㺦Һò״ſſڵĵذô찡ӶŲܣ϶ҵΡ 
ǸסոģұߡҺеָͨԭò֮ϴԼñӰľ˯ˡ 
һе㵣£һֱϰµġ 
ӣû˯ôɫôѿ̿Ҳ԰׵ɫһָֻԵıԣӣһϢǺǡ 
ʲôϢҽԽԽеԼˣֻҪûлϢͳɡ 
ӣ˵ϲõ˿Ʒˣ·ֻһ룬û취ϴˡ 
ļٵģôģ 
˵ϸ¾ͲˣҲ֪ǰϢѹˡ 
ɲɿ£ѵûб֪ʮֻɺ̵ϢԴ 
ȻǺǡüëһаվʹˣҳƽҪԴϲģ㿴ڶûͨ 
Ÿ䣬ûҸһ£ʹͨ 
Դܹǰͺ񡭡 
ҿ̣ôͺҪ͵ 
һ͵ĺȻӹĿԴȻҪ͵ǰģܹܿһǳءһһƽ·ϵ壬Ȼһ˵ūҲء 
ƤһءءҪĥ 
׵˰Ǹʲôܹ˽ 
ǰһƯһˣٵľǴӹ¶һֶصɣرһ˫ۣ⻪ˡ۹һɨչ¶ֲԵ̫߰ 
ҴЦԴȾү֮ǰϲ 
ӭȥүˣֱ͵ϼɣͷܹǰ˵۹⻹һһġءôôѾͷˡء 
չȵĵûẬ̣۹һֱͣϣûʲôӦֵүһƬ⣬ү˵ʱ仹Ҫݷá 
䡭ǿҵĵ⡭ȫë 
Ȼ֪ô£һĸоһ˲仯 
0.1ָֻԭɣ񵥣ʼĺ񡭡 
ʵе㻳ԼոյĸоǴҸԩ޳ġءҲ˵׼ǸκǵĻءҿء 
ӡӡ 
ʲô° 
 
ءҾȻ˯ˡ 
ӣܹˣҪˡҲ档 
˭˵ոͺôһԪʲôĶû 
 
ôˡ 
ЩֻĿģ͵үȥˡ̷˸ۡ 
ءֻܿһء͸ҵء 
20 
һֻСССС񣬷ɰɷҲɲߡ 
ʣ£ģ羰ˡǣΪʲôΪʲôҪһ߸г¾ 
ǰѾNļĵˣֻнǻŭй޹İֽ֮ϣĳе÷ƵĻʵޱӹƿڱӦרõĿϱĿ񡭡ߡ˵æýûǰӰûߡܿѣ֪ңҲˣһҳ飬һϢءֺۡ 
˵Ȿ飬Ҿ͸ȻȫƪǷ֣˼һǿԿöġִܹߵȽңôЩʱظ˼롭ءݱҽȽ˼밡ء 
ЦʲôЦдô𣡡дֵĻұȽϲԲʣëдϴκСѧӦдĻаɣҶϳдʲôءҳǲôÿֲġ 
⻰ɲ˵ģǺǣֱߵǰʵ۵ļӣ˵Դͺˣ 
ǰһչȵġϢͨչȵ뿪Ź˲һʱҼӦ߰ɡ 
չȵģ˼ҿԶľǵһءǰһ磬ոջһе۵ٿˣ벻֪ 
֪ûʲôϵ˿϶ĵ˼㣬ûȤȥ 
Ŷ֪Ǹʲôŵĳɼ 
ڵҵθڣϧĺܣһļǲôһ¡ûзӦĳҲֻòˣʽˡ 
һֵԴҪ㣬סҪ 
ҵ۾ӦǱʺţΪĳ˵͵ˣԭԺġ 
˵ãһ˵ҷرȨԴˣӦǸĽɫɣǸչȵҲǸΪµˡǺǡĵͷȴһ㡭 
⼸Ҫæ̫ˣżһʱ㣬ôˡĳһѰ˹ȥڻ˸ǵģʲô֮ǰô֪ͨһ° 
ұŤţƲҲֻǾվţʲôʵкܶʱҶҪʲôͻȥͣҲȥ˼˵뷨Ǻǡǰİɡ 
֪ΪʲôȢ𣿡Ҷ 
 
һᱳѱ˵ˣ޿ĵһоһ£ֵţҲᱳҵġ 
ң 
21 
ʵ仰ʮëģκǵһμɣֻǽʬһɵˣҪ˵һμĻӦһڲϵǴΣʵ˵ҶӡʵǲôһˣԼĶʮﶼûиƾ̶̵Ķʮ죬ô˽ҵΪˡ 
һǳˣԲŶﲢû̫ľȺͻ̻̣ҿǰƺ¶ˣΪһӦڶթȨ棬뵽ﲻͬ飬ԹȨ֮жκᣬںƽ޷ȥġ 
ڱѣһ׶ûС 
ĳ˻ԼҾôȥͻȻ뵽Ϻ˵Ǽ£Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ʵ˵ءȻԼ֪ʲôʱ򱻱ո˯ˡ 
ιô˼һ˼ҵ뷨òáءһû˵Ļͱĳ˵ĸԽȥˡ 
ءգգۣƿſϵˣһЧûСءҺûðءĳ˻ڷĿҧƬ촽ء϶Ҫ㳦ˡóö˵˵ 
Ȼһֻּҵգһ󡭡ءҽصĳǳؾôûˡɫǡҸոջͬءߡ 
ءر򿪣һɨҵ˽ءҶ㣬ٶ㡭ĳ˼죬һͷƣ࡭շתƣҧġ 
 
ʵûˣǶʺðǡȫ̱ءôΪʲôҪһ˽ǰء 
ҿϢʱڷҿĴתҵĶ䡭һߴһԹ 
 
ԭȹ̶Ժ֣ҲʼֵĴӺһ·ǣ·ǰˡĸоءѾʼһ˿һĴҵ˳ȥ 
СͳԵҶ𡭡 
ֻúһһ亹졭ҲҪǹ衱ˡءƽʱǳ侲˵ 
 
ƵĿĳɫںϵ̫̿ûоˣҪСģȫ뵽ʲôʲôˡհһϡͿı˳ˣҴ·ʽӡ 
ĳ˺ûˣץ׼˺һ̧žȥĳûз˸š 
ҡ޿Ҫˡ 
Ҷûƾʲôĳɫðܵû˵Ļ治֪һԼһƽ壬ôиой̬ġ 
 
ǸоԼ̫ûзȣԼ·ͷ϶һӡϵվҶܿͷֱ˰ɡءе㺦¡Ҫʵ۵ļơҪҲֻܹԹԵѡءҲҪ 
һᣬߡҾǲò 
̾˿ҵǲֻаˣʱҲǵùԹġ 
ҵȻҲİʵһβпķǰһֱӱءء 
úɣ޸ʲôáҲҪˡתߣκεķֱ档 
Ҳ졣Ҵµ 
˶٣ϵĿŶȥ 
22 
һ췢黹Ƕ࣬Ҳһһ˲һṤҲڸոյķΧûлǸڸм䱡ȻĴ˽ 
ҾĿҲֻǾĿңƺֲڿңһҾһļƤô° 
 
ʧˣĹӺȽæɡ˺þſڵ 
ҸոıŵˣãôпչˣҺǵҵ˵Ҫ̵ҵ˵֪ǲΪ°ʵҾøûҪҶҪޡȥˡ 
ǿҵ뷨ЦЦȴֻǵĵЩ鵱ǿ͸ģĸףΪβΪӲοһأ 
˵ĵмֵҺҪޡ֮⣬Ҳûʲôҵĵİѵ˵ҵ˵ͣ񰡡 
ЦǱߣһֺЦʱҲŷʵѾᣬϸСڶ֣޽Ҳ¶ЩİףҲʱĥǣԽԵóȰһᡭ 
˵ʧ䣬ԭġ 
 
Ӳǵ빫һ֮ԵʱӵĲѡ 
Ŷԭǰκļ˵ҵô᲻һأǸоʲô˰ɡ졭 
̧̫ˣǺǡ鰡֪к£ҸϿתƻ⡣ 
빫̸Ļ΢΢Ӳô͸³ȥɣЦӺβſģȻģʱ򾲾䷢չвһĽ֣ҲǹһŬֻҪڵԼˡ 
ô˵ĻȰһתģ˵һһͷˮ 
ҺܲӣڲײҪֻҪ֪վڹǱߵľˣҪ£֪˵Ļǵ𣿡 
ƴҡͷ֪Ǹκľ˵ʲô 
ǺǣӼ򣬱ضԸȻӲԸ½ģҲǿֻϣһԣĪ¶ԭòһЩǲɣڻϵ£һжѳҲ޷ͷرһܼġ 
˭֪«ʲôҩ˵ЩĪĻ 
ԴвҪųҵˣˣ˵棬¸ˡ˻תߡ 
ֵˣ˵ʲôֻƾʲô˵ʲôˣ಻Ÿʲô° 
ˣүùȥ鷿һˡűߣͻȻͷ˵պÿҰڵĹȻһȥˡ 
˶֮˼ǰ˺ܾãûһͷԽԽˡԲȥˣǸ˵ģͷȻֱ 
ˣ֪ҵʲô°ͻȻ뵽ϴҵҵһҡ 
·Сҵ鷿ȴһЩҲûע⵽·ĴϬסңǵȴϹҲ֪ôڵȴңʵ࣬ŵĴ𰸡 
23 
ҿ鷿ţ̱棬ҸӽϾҲûʲô£׳˵˽ȥ 
һεģϴ̫æҲûϸϸڿ仹ͦģǽλ÷˼飬ûжٻװΣľӵʵӦöϺõľģֵ֪ϸһ£ʵ˵Һرġ 
Цڳϵע⵽ҵĴڣ 
˹ȥվֻмԶĵط 
ҵӺվߵǰҾķȥ 
ѽʲô°ʵڲҵΪĿģҾվԭء 
һ¸˵һ¡˵Ҳ֪ʲôأһǽϳһš 
ӦǸϴοƵĶɣǺǣôаءεʱ򣬲֪ôͱҵ˽ȥ 
ѽҼңҸҪҿǰҵŰתҴС䣬ʲôûУֻ˼ڴľӣ֪ʲôŶǺǡ 
ۡðǡööĵԪ 
һֻӣұĶһҵòǸٰ̰ɡءǺǡ˳ǣ˵Ժء 
ôĵӣءԺҲˡҾͶ״ 
תȥûˣô£ 
ԣϤ 
ͨСҿһվŵסҴߣ⻹һǲҵġǸչȵġѹ˵ôôϤء 
ҵվһߣǰѵ 
ϳңϳүĺԶҵı顣 
ߣ㶼ѱˣΪ֪İ˵ӦþǿеԴˡ 
ү 
Ǻǣûб˰ɡŭЦ⼸СߵͦΪԼǹүˣ 
찡ӦġŶǸʵ۵֡ôˡϸȥԹԣҺһ˵Ϣ˵ 
ЦŪΪҲ֪Ĵ㡣 
ϳΪү㰡ϳΪǸͳʵڲɿԼס˵Żϲǵĺ 
⻰ȽСӾȻҵȨˣҲ⽭ɽ˭ţƾǵ㱾£Ҫꡭ 
үģϳһ׵ 
Ц壬Ǳô˵˵ʧˣ 
ôйأ䡭 
үģһнϳ 
ҪıšҵԭԴһġҪҪǸʵ۰ 
˼ǰ˰죬ڹŴǴ˵Լȥءô찡 
һ˼붷һԪҪܣҾ˵ 
ǻϸ̸˺һᣬҪʲôӲԱʲôģͦаյġ 
ԽԽɻôԵĵȣǸʻῴץءҲء 
ҵվڰһߵĿҽͣڰеֺĶ 

24 
ɣѹϵıߣҵҴܵûϵ 
ء 
ȵȡҵ⣬ǵĽôô󣬺ûףҸ˵¡ 
ʲô°Ѿ۽ǵĶͷ 
֪Ҫ˵ʲôҪʵˡ 
ոû˯˰ɣʲôôûðҵͷˣ 
Ҫıû˵꣬ͱҵסˡ 
Ҫ㽲¡ 
ϵĬ˺ܾãĿˣסڴĻ˵ʵڵģҷǲ޳ϵıģòͦõģҪ֪¹Ĵ£ɹʣҿɲҺò׵ĵڶ˷ĵϣʷԵҸϣʷ 
ʲô֣֪ҽʲôǺҺò׳ֵĹεи͵͵ˣ˵ûһ˼ҵ˵ 
͡ȻϵҾͺĵĸ㣬κЦ壬ةฮĹӡһ亹˵©ˡգա 
ϵɬһЦҾͿżɽ˵ˣȻһۣҵĺӦѾʪˣʵĻҵ񾭼Ƚָ߬ķס찡ǧҪӡءˮĴ۾оˡ 
Ц⺢Ȼ˵Լ˻ģʧˣӺԸҲӦǲģȻ廹ģȴˡ 
ҡʧ˰᲻һҲҼæ⣬΢΢¶ҵĲ 
һˣôῴĵȻҺܲʵǺɢô»˵ǲ֪νģʲôĿģȻҼ˴ҪҼҵĹĺˣҲϳȥģ㻹κҵˡһߵĿճϣЦá 
ءȻֽ֪ǰסģᱻ˷ֵģҲûҪôɡءҪϳȥˣҪͷˡ 
԰ϵתƻⰡߣ֪ˣһץסҵİѱҾͷ찡Ҵɱʵ۰ɣ϶ôݵġ 
أôҲҵôôΣյ¡ءҲҪɱʵۡҲҪ𡭡ĺòҵġءƴסϵ½ǣĨ 
úݵİӵģôȫʬһءҺò׻ôҪôҰ 
æĲɿ͵ϵɫֻѾٱϵɫϣϷڣڵٶ༸ɫӦÿԿȾˣǺǡ 
ʲôʱ˵Ҫȥɱˣ˻ỵ»ʲôǣˡϵһ߲һƿδ 
ʲôڻʱϵҧ˵ 
;ءҲġǸŪˣŽʬ굽κġĲҵĴء 
ˣˣܲˡһҵ죬Ҷһϡ 
Ҹ˵£Ҫˣϵ˵ȥɱģվڻǱߣ治֪ôġ 
ɶոѵΣϵԴ߻ıš 
ڶʮ 
ʷ̬ȵȴϵϧס©˳°Ҫڻкòð 
ϵĬ˺þòŵոҲӦúԴҰĲѾﻮ˶꣬ϷİѱУòΪǴӡת޶Եӣҡҡͷ˵ϷһĹϹᡭ 
˵ѣߡأҸոտĽĶʲ᣿ʵû뵽ҵȻˡ 
һҡͷһϵԼξұθ׻ʣԴһֱ벻ͨľǣΪʲҪЩأ 
Ц壬֪㲻ͨˡ 
ҶûӦҲ֪ϵѻתˣ㶵ĿҲǣԼȷӦòͨ˰ɣмĲףʬ껹طģһеӦǸߡˣҺһԸءҶ¸ˣֻǲ֪ҪǸϵŶѵҪһΡ˰ɡҲͦõġֲ⡭ 
Ӵʹˡ˭ѽ 
һںڵҵ۾ֻһָľ룬۵׵İǸʣʶ֮ᣬƿˡ겻ɢ粻ǲУѹ˴λˣʲʱģûע⣿ 
뿪һ㣬ֻҵĿա 
ˣղźü¶ûӦʲҴ˵ 
ҵأһת۵Ĺ˶ˣɻ۵ˡ 
κةȳȥˣµ޸˵ܺÿĴǣִ˹ 
ģ仰˼֪ı°ỹأԭġԼ°˵ԭԴıƵģ֣Ҫ 
ԣԴĸЩ£Ϊһ֪أȨִƳҰһֱδֻʱδ³ɨҵЦҲͦ 
ֻԹ壬ʲϵںҶûֱӵϵɣʵڲҪҵĿʲᣬѵͲԴܣ 
ҵĿֻͣصϣԭһ㼴͵ʲᶫˡ 
Һҵϣһֻֻ˵Ļȴޱ棺޲㣬ֻҪ֪޶㣬ͬҲҪӦһҪ󡣡 
ʲҪ󣿡 
ȴӦң㡣صգգۡ 
죬ỹŵ硭ҺСı絽ˣǶ˰ 
ϲϲŮӡò׹˵ҲûָӳȥˣѾģֻĳ˷֡ȥҶ첻Լˡ 
üһааЦΪһߣ 
Ӧ͵˶ԲԣӦҺ͵̸ԲԣҲӦ֪ҸκЦԲԣΪʲỹң˾ӦѡȨʲӦԼȨĻԼʣѿڶ 
Ҳ㣿侲ͷ찡ҸոˣӦӲӲԿҲԼƽʱ侲 
һץסҵĸۣʹ˵һˣںڵһ±ˮɫ͸עңֻȫ 
ĵȴʲᣬ۾ʱţ׼ʱһʪȵĶҵĴϣݺݵĿҧһͷҰޣ˺ҡ 
ǲֵģԲţҡƵһһ㣬Ѿֲ嶫ˣֻ˵ԣҲߡ 
 
 

ڶʮ 
ݺݷйһֱʶãȻģҲӦŰ֡ɢ뵽ԼոյʧԣĬֻõץһۡ 
ʵҲЩ㶣ȷʵ֪˵ʲˣƺܲɷֵĹϵֻһ仰ؿһ󷭽ҲĬ֪øʲᡭءĸоôҲ˵˵ʲᶼá 
ʱ˼£ʱҵһɿռ졭 
žĽ׹صľĬʵҲǳʲᶫȥֻʵǶ 
ԭǲѣڵϵĽԪҿȻüȺ˵ȱǮ 
 
޼ǵûĻµƸ񰡡 
ģ˵ⲻҵ˽ص߿ŶԲϵҴˡ 
ͻȻЦſ˶ҵǯƣʹĸ첲һʧȥ֧֣ĳ˻ЦЦߣЦ㣬ҵı𣡡ȻŵǱǸͲһ 
ιû°ɣЦɵˣ 
м;ɣ޽СòãȻЦ磬ȴܰԵ 
ҲվҪߣȴһѰš˻Сˣ˻ǳԴˣǺǡˡֺƭȫҵĸܣҹԼϣȻʮֵɤ˵飬Ȼ˵ģֻڻʱ򡣡˵Ĺĵ 
Ÿңҿʵ˫ֹֻҲûţʲϵǵġߡҸ 
һǲĳʵ˵޶ɷˡ 
ǸԴ¡ҸϽתƻ⣬֪Ҫ˵ʲᶫءҹԴı£ҲǷǳͿ 
ǿҵ뷨Ц˵κة޵ߣԴҲκة಻ᱳеƣƲĻڴһжнˡĿƮȥΪԼĽɽı 
ȥҲԼУǸ㲻Լ̬ȣǰǿӵµˣרעĿ 
κةࡣ 
һ㶣졭ԼȻ˰졭Цϣȴڸոսϵ˵ 
ϵұĴ磬ãȻʶԼĳϵġ 
Ҫȴι̶סˣáĳ޶ԡ 
һ麹˴ʱһ͵ϵɫһֿĳˡءᶼҰ 
ò˴һ£ĳ˵Ҫڼܻع׼ȴһĿѣᱧɣҪһȥ 
ڶʮ 
룬ȴǳฮŶȥȻҵ͵ǰ棺ϡ⡭ 
᣿Ҫȥˡϴɣҵȴܽ찡һعɡ 
ҵ˵ֻվҲõءˡһҪס 
ϧҵϣĳ˾ͲˣȻƵһ·ţҲûй˼ԼݣϵҲһʱû뵽˵ 
޴ЦعסաȻͷҲصıҽǼݡ 
zybg 
Һʮ֮ᣬۿңÿն㣬޻ȥסաõʮֿ϶һ㲻ұ粵 
һ߻ϵңҵĻûˡء̫ˡ 
ƺƵ˰ʱ˻ʹţĳΣһ᲻֪ʱͿһģĽĺӰһ·ǰ˵ƻͨ 
ʵʱ˯Ѿ첻ˣʱҲӦ賿㣬˯ҲҵƤ 
һûһĴ˯ʱᴥǷǳĽҸ˵ıӾҪܹȥˣѹǳصĶҺܲˬᡭüͷƿ뷭 
ĳĶϸϸҵüرüĵطȻһЩͷҾԣŪرЦ 
һ̾Ȼȥٸɡ 
ŲҲ΢΢̧ͷǿ񡭡Һһ顭ҪȻҪʧˡ 
۲ܣװκ֮ܺʵûʲԿģſ룬ʵӦ֪û˯ɣ̾ʲ˼أУ˭ΪʲҴعأϴβ˵Եȵ𣿡 
ҷȥ˯⵽ȫûˣֲ´߶һһģҵҲ 
֪˶ãһŲӡ 
һɺϤϢܰסһְֻͷϵıӽ£Ȼӿ˹ҪģʵǲСģһӲĶҵĴȴҵȻ֪ʲᣬŵһҲҶ 
ΣֽŶʱ򣬷ǳдԵһҵĶĤ֪û˯Ҫװˡҵ档 
ҷˮĴ۾ϧ̫ˣҲҺ¡ 
ʲᡭҵĴһ͹ 
Ҿ㰡ƿֻܹղʣ춾ܻӭĳ˸˷ܡ 
һ·ȥ˴룬ëһֱͣǰ㣬ұǵͷֲ嶫ˡֱһںסһߵ飬ҲŻʪȵĿǻȫĪĲһİĸоĴߡ 
Ҫ־Լ 
ҪˣǲǣĻһֱǻԼʣȻһסĵطҲ㾪гһѾһ˿˿ˡ 
ָ׿мɵһһ¸ŪҵۣһĴֻв֪ȥδӡµ׿㣬һŪһ߹۲ҵı顣ֱọ̈̄¸ӿȥ 
ҵ˳ڣҹһ׹֡ 
ȫ̱޷ڸ߳УͻȻֲصƣҵѨȫһ죡

ڶʮ 
ôȻ֪ġҲҪ 
Ҷ㡭Ҷ㡭ءűץסˡûֻǿ¡ 
ˣϲƵһ߲°߰ߵĺۼֻҾִֵʱʮֹɵͣԭȲ뿪ҲûĴ㡣һһµңʮֵᣬҸо⼸ȫһˡҷ˾衭ʧߣʵʧߣԼȻֱ𡭡 
ǰѾûˣҵǧܱĳԻ󣬲Լеʱûõġ 
İѹҺ飬Ȼϸϸҵգһ·סֲزĿҧŪһӿǵҵĺᴦʱҲֻʣ³ˡ 
־ΪʱԭܹԵֻ֣ҵСѨһȦȦתʱ̽Ե뼸֡һֵֺĸоĵطӿ 
ᣡҾȲѣҾȻϲҡءء 
һԹ԰Ǻڷܡ 
һָܿľͳ룬һֻֻǰŪѾ˯̧ͷ 
ȫûע⵽ָһӦڵĵطءⲻҵĴ˭ȫҵ塭ء 
ڸոܲڶָʱȻסҵѨھҪ롭죬ô󡭡һûļǰһھѾ˹ȥ 
ʹءʹȫҪɢˣرء 
۵ʱѾǵڶˣյľһˡñӰԼһһĹãȻſڽ䰵 
ˡˡء˰ءûԣ˼Ҷˣʬء 
ĳ˻ľڽö񶾵۹ 
Ȧ϶ͻ𣬵ͦɰġߡɫǣħ 
ĳ߹ɵİұԭԸСȫӰҸ£˺һᡣ 
һֱòͣŲߣǼвҨ̫๬Ůͷ̧վһֱҲֻһʳڶˮһʮ˫۾ע㣬һ߻һӦǾһԡź򡱣ܳԵȥ 
һٷԵճԹԴĳ˴ҴææȥˡҼģһر𲻺ãûеԣҪеðƶûСϧ˵Щûôġ 
˰죬Сȫ㡣 
ԷԳҡᶡءޡ쵺ޣҲϱ羰ˣȷһ԰ 
ܲɵ˻ᣬҴйҾ׼ǻǱһͤ 
κˣҺһᣬֵҲǵģҲūһΪӰס 
鷳ˣҾס졣 
Ļӹվʽˣ֪ϰѹӰĵЦӯӯֵū֣ЩС»ūԸ˰ˣҲ֪⣿ 
ʲỰ 
ҲҲʶȤĸ뿪ˡҵġ 
һĻȥĳеƷ裬ȥСȫӷʲ£Сȫһһʮ˵ˡ 
ˣЦÿģǺӲ޵ġ 
ʲ᣿ 
ĺӲ޵ġЦ˵һ顣 
㻹Цĳ 
ɻ۾˵Դĺӣ޵ģû 
ҺˣΪʲҪԴԭˡ 
ڶʮ 
ҡҡҡءûأ 
Ҽһ㣬ΪʲǿǸأˣҲҲһ뵽ԼĻлԼҾͷۣУһҪǸʲҵ 
æòֺʱĳһĿű߿æ۵ſڵϲſڵʲ᣿ 
ߵİˣҲ֡ 
Ǹʲ᣿ӣ߹ᵽ¡ 
ǸǸҪҪ˵ʵ鰡ģҺĶ棬Ҫȥ˼ҡ 
һû˵꣬˾ವһ²ˣÿ찡 
һԭδİշתصϣ˼Ҷ˵һղ̶ʮҵľȻ֮࡭ 
ϸһĶұϰˡ 
ʲ᣿ĳǰ 
ȻǻؼҰʲᣬҷۣߣԶˣѵҪûȤ 
Ȧˣ޵ȷǺæûʱ㣬Ͽһֱ㡣 
ءҲҪҡһ뵽ϵ£Һ¡ȥЩʲᰡʲģùҵġ 
ĳһڣǲҪȥ棿 
ûйϵΪʲÿζĪҪԶˣΪʲ᲻һȥ 
ʲԲԵģıŶĪǣ 
òᡭǺǡ 
ûҪǰˣ´ɫԽԽˡ 
ţ̫̫̫лˡεð 
һҪȥģмҪ»ҪԼȥ顣 
ĥӲһʱ֮ᣬĳ춴Ӧһȥˡ 
Ҹ߸˵ĿĴš 
ȵȣʲ᣿ĳϵֹҵȥ·ǰʲ᣿ұѥֲʲ᣿ 
ءҵͷԼ½šûʲᰡ 
ֻǸոշʱ˳ǣˣСҵȻ淴İѲϵĶóÿһͺһ㡭 
ҹ顭ҷġ 
޵зҲѥġ 
񡭡ҲСľͷŵ˻ӦúֵǮ 
ȫ˸飬һֽϸĿƬ̡ʵҷǳǷϵ֣Ϊġ֡ȻСķ˻СǺǡҪܿĻӦúܺġ 
ȷʵûˣСȫӱһฮ 
ڽҲϻζῴһĨ̽ʵֽдѧѧһƪģ֮ҲΪѡܣ˲ףӣʹգ׳ãѡ¡ϼ߽з֣Ůй顣춵Ҳز춼䲻ҲΪǹıնˣ⻧գνͬ 
һ·˯ŨŨ**ڽϴ˯֪ỹûе 
ƿԽԽƫƧˡ԰ʱİ 
һַǳõԤӿæͣΣȴԽԽˡ 
֪˶ãһƫƧͥԺ춱ĸϳ壬˺һᣬڽƽԼĺƿ˳ȥ 
ʮ 
۵ŨŨﻨĴƮѩ׷ɣʵʤգȻҪվڵ·ֳ佣һҪɱУʮ㡭οأֲʲὭһ书Ūų̫˷ˡ 
Ȼ׼һˡվԭȺλµĳ֪λҵ˻˭أ 
κӾõˣĳˡȻŲϴԴǰͺĹȾм㲣ǲץӦĵһ¡ 
ֻǲ֪ȹӲʲ𣿡вҲڻûĿ֮ǰǲܱ¶Լģʵڷǳ£ɱڣֻҲӦûܵƤ֮ģʵڲ˵ǲͦĹȥߵ·ߺʹ˵صĵ״ 
⴦ͥԺȻشƫƧ濴ƺһҴ˼ҵסլܵΧǽܸߣڲȴܾ£̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽʯˮ鿳ȡЩ԰ֵζֻܲµķ羰Ȼʧɫ 
ڹȾһ·£Ժһ׼õӡ 
ίӼˡչȵһЦһָһŵѾūš 
˼ʮ飬ȥЩ벻ˣԴҪıץʲأǴݾߣ˵һôûУֻչȵţҸԩ޳ģֺαأ 
ǴƬֵ̣ӾͲ֪ʲ᣿㶵Ŀ˵ӹȻǷ 
ߣƴҲʲãʲǷǸй򵹲˵ףҶѾ߸ոϵȲϸϸƷζ⻹Ʈ۹ȥ赹ͦúȵģ壬ɬ 
ϧҺòҵľˡء̰ءȥҲ˲ö˲ˡ 
ҺһڣƷ裬Ȼ᲻СİѲ豭ˡ뵱Ȼ 
һȺ˶еҶЦɣЦɡߡ 
ֻչȵĶָѾȡ·һ£æ˴ʱˬˡ 
ү˵ʧˣӣǺе˳ûү¹ӵòЩˣ˴£ⰲŹڴ˴Сסաʰ׵Ż 
ʲˣҿǱˣ£ıɣ˵ĵͦġûе򵥡ԴֲǴӣҶܴĳЩпµӣῴץͿԽ͵ͨˡҿΪ˼Ȩһˡ 
ҾҪһǳְӻ˵ʡΪʲʲᣬҽвֵĸʵ̫óˣرյİĵ⡭ʳΪ죬ʲ취ءǺǡҳȥˣҾҪߡ 
һˮ㣬һҵƣʵһȥҲҪǸ¥ϵģֻǲ֪ҵ֪Ҳ˻᲻Ǹĳˡ 
ʡˡ 
ҿ˭Ҷ簥Ҳˣ 
ҡ涡ĿҶòĺ۴粽ϦЩ׳գ͹һˮźˡ 
ʮһ 
绺߽ʮƽֻҼۣһԵɫƮһʵķΧҶ鵹ǿĲʮУ˵Щʲᣬֲ֪οڡ 
Ҵ뿪ɡƵǴԶƮģûʵС 
 
뿪һƽĵطúɡĪЦȴ͸ɿζ 
Ҳ֪羿Ҫһʲ˼ 
С˵иңҴԶԶġһһ٣ȫ˵仰㲻ǵС˰ɡ 
Ⱑˣǲǲˣ 
˵֪Һ㣬ǳǳĺޡҪ˵ʧˣĻǼٵģҶ㡣 
Ϊʲ᣿޹ĿҾȥеĸ飬ûκͷ 
Ҷˣọ̀㾹ȻСȥĳޣҳһ亹Ȼ˵޹أھΡ 
ģӦ㣬Ϊ㣬ʲ¶ᷢΪʲᣬΪʲȴСƽ̫ƽˣ˵ᾹǺģе㺦ûп緢ƢгǰȻš 
ǳõ˿ǲǱӦأԸʲᶼǵãСԸȴҵɣɢµأҪȥСῴңΪԼɱɡκЦܻѡɱЦˣ㻹ҪңʵأŶˣ㲻ǵء 
ˣҵĵһоֶĻЩɻѵκǰһˣұֻ壬ȥҲûȤҲ֪£νʲңû˵ 
㻺˹˵һһƽĵطȥģҴӦСģһ˵ߣһæ˼ 
ʱĶָֻԭǸҵĶ㲻ܴߣ 
ǱԴʡС 
ֻҪߣסߡ 
ʵҷǳ仰翴ҲǺӣȥǲ̫ 
ˣʿ磬֪˭𣿡 
һ֪ 
˵ѣ֪ȴңһʣͷű߲֪ʲʱվһˣʮǰٰӣʵֵĻǲϳģֻֿƿҡ 
ҲҲֻǵûп˵Ҳ֪˵Ǹ˭ûв´Ļ֪֪Դ֪Ҳ֪е黹ǲҪȽϺãʵһжпᡭ 
Ȼת¶ޱȼįıӰȻҺ㣬ҵĳŵǻֵģֻҪߡ 
ҲߵġЦĻΪѾ֮ˣһμͬĻȫһģϧҴˡӱվǽķοѾ̫˹ҵϡ 
Ŀģʵ 
ûĿģʲᶼûУֻ뿪ĵĻ˶ѡ 
һ̧ȾߣȻǲ˵ĻνҲںʲҲں 
ˣκЦˣǶģǼ;ҿıӰһ£Ȼֿ粽ȥˣҶµĲСɵĲ豭һ裬ҵĸ㣬ƷҵĲ裬ȻɵЦ 
ʮ 
һҹΣﵹ˯˸þھǰѾױԼ˵ʮİףĦݣһʱ˵ҲǱ˵ģǣҲһðĸо 
ոճԹ緹Ϳչȵ²Ŷˣϲأ֪ǲǶҶԵġ 
ӳԵĺ𣿡Ц 
ģĶڼöˣɲ԰ѳ͸ҰһҨȣһ˵ 
԰ȹߵʱߵġҶ棬ҲѾʢһȡ 
ֻǲŵģΪҶ֪Լʲʱܳȥһϸһ½ĹȾʵòʮֳɫҳμʱ˵ģֻǿ㣬һһоչ¶ţͺǾ˹ιıʯÿһϸС֮˱ʯڷǻۣݷҲڿຮĥġ 
ɹܻ֮ҵĴչʾԼȻЦӺ£ĳĳɻϹӵ⣿ӿɲǹĳϲ͡ 
һ࿨ںǺҡǵģʵû뵽ֱ׵˵æҡֵУС 
ǺЦ£Ȼĵү˵һӣûйϵģүһǳˣӿԾܷġ 
˵ãһ˵ҷеˣһҵɱȨ˻һأҲҲ˵ܼʲԭأĴ𰸾Ҫˡ 
չȵĿرĶ࣬һĹѾкüͨˣ˵ģʲҲûǵģҪװҿ֪˼Һ֪淢ʲ£ġ 
ҪǺǣҲܹȥҴչȥ᲻˵ˣң 
ӡ˻沿ļ⡣ 
˵ʲᰡҲ֪գգˮĴ۾޹ʵ 
ûʲᣬ»Ҫ£ȸˡվߣ½Ų㷢񣬵ӲҪү£үæ֪ʲʱǡǺ˵ȥˣ½Ŵﳶһţ桭 
̨ǰľɫһѾ߹ϲ裬ůů֣Цʲ֣ 
ǸѾȻһ£Ȼṧ˵ū澽¡ʲԸ 
䣬һܺõְ֪аŮװΪʲأҾĿ 
һתЦῴģ 
ֻ֪ʲĿġӦòԴģʵעˣ˿ܴἸӡΨһ 
˸񣺡ӿһֱװɵء 
ʲʱװɵˣ˵ɵҶݺݵĿ 
ûУûСһ߰ڳ˺ܹŹֵı飬һ߲ 
˭ģ 
ʹӰáЦ 
ԭԵ׵ģνҲͦõģһ㰲ȫůůģȫĻ𡭡 
һɵı飬һǺǡдֵֽ 
һϧһѾ߻ŻææĽ˵ԴˣҸϿʰһ£Ҳָı飬· 
Ұֽս˻ 

 
ʮ 
˵ƭ˵ģһᷴ־ԼƽˡҾǴ߽ġ 
νҲֻǸȽϴһķ䣬װεǺܹӣ۵ǽϹʮˮī˵ܺÿֻеϺͼʮһģչֵͬĹȫʮ׳ 
ҿǽϵĻܲǿԸо¶һǣһĹذ֮ȻΪһɡ 
ͻȻֱһʹĻ˻ԹĿһ£ǵģҰҲ֪ǲˡء 
ӷʱ򣬹ȾѾ˽ѾūŹһأҵͷԥ˰Ҳ֪ҪҪֻһվ 
һɺǿǣÿһҶܸоһѹڻƶѹǳҶġ 
ǹһãҵ˵ĽŲ䣬ߵĺҲԸоõѹֵķΧбһ¹ڵϵ£Ҳܽţһֻһ˳졭ǰѵȻʶд̵İɡ 
ʧʱԴѾߵǰһʹ۾ȿһ˫ڵĿףü¡𣬷ǳͦı΢Ĵŭĸо 
ҷԼûа취뷨򦱻˴˵ϷҸŮӣһСľЦ˳ 
䣬춻Ƿſ˶ҵǯƣһħƣԶԶģ˳ķʵҲ񾯸Ҫҡ 
סˣҵҪҵ壬Ѱһꡭһֲõĸоӽŵûв´ĻͨҿǸзԵˡ 
ʵЩƣرֻǿ׳˵ĸоͲɣʹʮңɢǳغͳϢǶԿ͸˫ͫΣյĸоǹŴٸɱ֡ 
κȻЦĤȫ¶ȶһȡ 
Ĵһͣ۵ȴһЦⶼûУȻֵΪˡǺǡǵ㱾ҲƭңߣҲԼķ 
ߵȻ£Ⱦࡣ 
ĿһֱȫɨӣͣҵϣϸϸĥƬ̣񰡣û뵽ҾȻԿѵҡһ仰˵ĺܵͣȴ쳣ȻҲ֪ġ 
ҿԿ϶ҵȷеĹϵҺĺ뵽˵Ǿ仰дʹѡ 
ƬԴ˵κЦ壬˵ʧˣأ㻹ǵ֮Ľ𣿡 
ףκļԴˣҶ֪ҲúͿ 
㲻˵ҳСӣҾ͸ҪĶ𣿡Ǻǡǵˣ 
ܼǵãѵκĴӦԴˣѹԴҪץңӦҪԼҪɵġ񡱰ɡ 
ɻֵ㲻ӦҲûйϵҿɾͲˣȻһҿᣬָҺúô㣬ǿΨһĹ⣬͡ 
˵ʲ᣿ҴĻݺݵĵңһҪʡ 
κ껹ûиͲĶӣǷԺǸģͼıѾãǵءû뵽ӾȻңҪңءЦ˵ 
Դ̵һǲҴסˣҪҵˣȻǵ׵ 
ʮ 
ԣһ֮ʣ˵ء 
ɣţҼǵûĻӦʮ꣬ҲֻжʮӣԴ˵ĻĳʮӾʶ˷ԣ̫ܰɡ 
Ŵ˵ĽӺͦģҲ˵׼ģȥ㵽ԼͿˣͻȻоһɱڵĶҡæ̧ͷͿԴָ 
ˣҲ㲻ʲᣬֱ˵˼˵Ҫȥɱϣ 
Ǻǣҡһ֣Ų㣬ҴûŹ㡣˵гж 
ʲ˼ 
ûʲ˼ֻҪԹϼˡǵЦԽˣȫ¶͸¶ıζ 
ҲµûĻδĻҿʼһǣסʣһҼҽҲԽֻʵֻһƷˣΪĽɽп䱣Ȼһֱرܵ⣬ʱҲҪ侲һġ 
ֿһ£ʱѾվԣͷ΢Ǹҿʼʰ﾿ʲ˼أ 
΢Цľ򵥣 
ȻһԼȥңҵĻش 
˵ĻмֵģҲȥʲңЦҴԣҲȥң 
ʱȥǳŵЦ˵ 
ߣ㻹һɹأѻ˵϶ҲӦѾ֪Ҳֻܵȴˡ 
ˣҶأ֪ˡ 
Ѿ뿪ˣת㣬ıĻҪȥĿǰסϡһֱû˵ĹȾ˵ 
ҵͷҲãҸģǲҲӦȥѰԼҸأ 
Ĭ˺һᣬ˶˼ۿ硣Դ׼뿪ҽŵ񾭸ոҪϢһ£Ȼת˵Ͳ֪Լ 
һ£ 
ʮǰңͣңңΪӣʮ겻սԼǷΨһӣң̫ң֮ǰͲˣңɣӦңһιӦǻʴˡЦ˳š 
ĬȻȷʵû뵽ԭ£ʵûжĸϵҲ֣ԴĿ˵ܾһįĸоҲǶԼʱĸ̾ɡ 
ҿ˳ȥߵĺڵȴҵĻش𣬲վһ仰û˵ұϾκЦ壬ʲᣬʲҰҲѾǹȥˡ 
Ū䣬Լ˼봦춿հף۰ģҿ˿£һ仰û˵ʱԴ뿪ҲѾкܳһʱˣֻľȻվңڵڡ 
ūʲ᣿춿ڵ 
Ҫ£ʲҲҪҵ˵ 
һ𣬵ūֻԷһūſ춹ӵġ 
֪ģҪӣҾıɹҲҪҵġЦ˵ 
˿ңʲỰҡ 
ʲģ 
 
ǲһͲµԴ°ңڱҪʱȡҪķЦЦĺȻ 
ǵġ˵һ˵һᱣƽ϶Թӵģ빫һҪŻϡ 
ЦǲҲ֪ȴĺ 
ʮ 
ĬĬˣ**£Թ緹ʵûϴȥ˯ȥˣҲûΪʲûп¡ 
ʵԴûΪңгɣȻ˳ȥԴöҲܲҾȫ¶ûоϲĸҶĲɵӡ 
һججĹȥˣճϴ裬ÿձ޵ĹΣȻûԡҲǺһ¡ 
Ȼű򿪵ᰡҼǵԼȷ˹غŲŽϴİῪˣ 
ͷ뿴£ˮأֻܿããһƬһЩҾģӰӡͳǰĹ£ȫһս԰ҲͰ˵ңҪҲڡ 
һ΢ĽŲǲ°񰡡 
ԥҪҪ·ȥͿһӰ˽ 
졭Ҳ㾪г 
㡭㡭ģҳԾĵѾ·Ӧϵĳˣ 
ĳЦһҺԼںǹġЦʲЦģ㴩Ҳòȥ 
ľͰˮ͵ӣ۾ݺݵĵź᲻õ˳ȥһȥҼæ·ϡ 
͵׺·Ҿ˳ȥĳеĳϵĸ㣬һǵĶʲʱˣпյܣҲԼİȫιˣ֪֪жΣհԴˣ 
Ц߹Ͱ뻳㰡ϲᱻġ㵣ˣ 
˭ˡûƿ 
ˡҵ˺һӣִճǲ޵ˣ 
ҲûءƳƳ죬 
ͷҵļͷЦ˵ûأˡ֪֪ڵжˡǺǡ 
һɵĳϵ絽ҵľϣеġ 
֪˭ˡ 
һ٣ĵ֪ˡȻҵӣ棬۾Ķҵߣ˵Ȼ֪֪ģû뵽ڣԵĻϣԴ㡭 
Ҳ֪סĿڣڻ֪ 
ƻЦЦʪʪͷҵָһҵգһúܺˡӣڸ˵¡ 
㡣ҵͷϸϸĲָĦҵĴǳǳħָҵĺᣬֻȫûˣ̱ϡ 
Сұ˸ʪͷͳҺĿյ˽շת˱һִֻѾ볨ԡ˽ȥǰͻ𡭡 
ˮĴƣԼ첻֪ηˡΪʲоȵһҪǿءֿԼ 
ʵЩԻ󣬿Ѿߵ·ӦǺ»ģϣ÷ǳЦǲأ 
ʵĿˣȴԼһ㶼˽ 
˼ҵҺ˺һᣬȴԽԽˣƿʰһԼ·һ㣬ȻỺ˿߹ȥš 
ʮ 
ƻͨһӶѲߵĴߡ 
£Ѳǿҿæŵİܼҡ 
˭֪ҿˣˮһءᰡѾ·˰ϸһ¡ 
ιʲ°ʲÿģǲ˵ȥ˯ȥˡ 
ү̡Ͱ͵˵˲ˮ 
£Ӧòȡж㶵롣 
̿£ѾץˡŻָ˹ 
£ 
ԣùӹȥһˡүҪʹӡ˵ 
ܣʲǺ»ݲŽȥɱԴ 
Һ嵽ȥʸףȴҽڻ·ùܼһ£æݡ 
ҽЦеճ˹ʲˣ 
Ұ򵥽һ£һ·һ͡ 
Ҳ˺һᣬ˵ȥġǵ㱾ҲԼѵԴļƣ˿˵㻹ǲҪȥˣȥ 
ȥȥֵͦģһȥȷһ£㻹ǳҸϿ߰ɣȻ߲ˡ 
ҿ˸⣬ˣż⣬һ𣬡ߣҲϣ˵꣬㶵һ̣һ˳ȥ 
ڻ谵ĳϣԼոյľٶһֱ̣ 
֪ѾߵһԺ䣬û䱸ʮɭϣӦԴʱסĵطӣԴ磬ѾϸİˣѪӡ˳ 
ɫֻܲЩЦĸоûпչȵġ 
үɻã򶨵˵ 
ãûһ£ūŶûн̺ùӼЦˡ˵Ӻߵͦġ 
á죬涼һ㺹ˡ 
ūţȻд̱һҪúýѵЦҲùӳʶ 
һ㶣ѵҪҹۿᴦµģɱӺ 
±ϳʱѾˣ·Ѫ۵ϣͷɢţȴǳ񣬿һԣһ£ȻͶԴ 
д̵ĻΪʲҪɵأּӾ˫ìܰ 
ӣ̣ܲҲֻ˼ҵĽûκΰ취Ʋͷȥ 
һдĤѪľӡҵҴĿһõʿĶӣӺһأѪζǻҽеĿǳĬûָץڵ淢֨֨ץĿϣŻȴûιȥ 
ᣬͫɢľȻվūŰϳȥȻˮϴ档ĵ׷޹ĶԴһֱЦ̵أ 
ҵᶼû˵ûбҲûһƽ 
ǸһĵӰֱ˻ȥֻ֪ǿʼ 
ƽĹغţķĳ˾Ȼûߣȴû˵κλȥһʹޣΪʲһءΪʲûа취ȥءΪʲҪɱءΪʲᣬΪʲȥĲء 
뵽˭¶ֵ˰ɡĸĦҵĳ 
ǣ뵽ˣҴû뵽һĻ˻˵ 
ҲǸողףκةȻǷ֮̾Ϣ˼ʲᣬȻὫ§ĸˡ 
ʮ 
ҷй˺ܳһʱ䣬ڻǿ޵ʱ򣬿Ҳκ飬ĬĬĲᣬ˵˵ҵΪʲҲףʵڲס̧ 
Щ˵ģ˵Ҳ׵ģκةضҲԼĿԣҲ֪ΪʲᣬҲʱ֪ҲһҸ顭˵ڽһңԶĹ¡ 
ˣҲ漰£ҿ㻹ǿ߰ɣǶ½ģһᱻֵġ뵽һʹ 
ˣܷĵ𡣡ҵü۶ϸϸһ飬Ҫ˯ߡ 
ִ۹ҡϧҿ㾿ǲҺأֻ˵Ӱӣ㲻ҪĶң̣֪֪ܲ 
ĬĬѵõ񾲣ָⴥҵĶͷȻһǣϣԶ 
򵥴һ£ϴƣĲԸٶҴñǣȻڴͷңһʱ侹ȻޱȰģ˯˹ȥ 
ѾˣҲ֪ʲʱ뿪ģҲ֪ߵģѾճϴĶһжȻӦûзʲ飬ҵĲ»صԭλ 
ĬĬĳ緹Ⱦ˽ʵڲԸ 
ӿɺãһЩ֪ǲ顣 
ãƳһۣϧҲˡ 
ҵĻζһ£ҿЦ֪ǻϷıʾ 
Ȼܿ⣬չӿԻؼˡ 
ʲ˼Ļ˵飬ֲɵӣʲ 
ûҳʵĿ⣬͹ӳȥӿʰˡ 
Դ 
Ӳ᣿Ŀҡ 
ҵȻȥҲȥ粵ȥʰʵҲһԭ׼ʱǸȻȾ½ǿ˵㲻˴Ӧҵ˰ɡ 
һڣӻǵǸӰ 
ˣΪʲҪ޹Ŀ 
޻˵Ц£˵ʵڵĺ 
ȻŪһȻǺܻҲʿ滹һ޵ӣȥͲˡҷƬ̣ҾһΣֻ죬ȴоԼѾˡ 
һ·ҡΣ˳ҿֲĵطе㲻̫Լ򵥾ͳˣԼĸ첲˺һ顭 
һʱңУҵһֻع˱λͷҪȾһ· 
ֵһֱԱߵչȵģڳʲ᣿ 
չȵķһı飬㻹ûԾ 
ˣԴ˰죬ҲûףǿԼҵĴţһ˵Ǹ˻Ļŵĸоҡ 
Ⱦ˳һģˣת뿪ˣҲûٶ࿴һۣҹЦݣóݽฮšһŵĻҴææıȥˡ 
Ҳһᣬͣ£Ϳϵ˹ϸϸһ飬ſڵҿЦû£ﶼַˡ 
Цû£ȻûˣƾµһҲµģ˭ãǺǡ 
ҵһڣỹӣԭָ㶮µģˣûָˡȻҸ߸˵İҵСԺӡ 
һֱվһԵĴ磬Цǿ쵽ʱ˵Ц壬ˡ 
Ц 
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ˣһȻ򣬶ְԭסˣ 
תһȦҲûҽͣʺ̣޵ûڵأҲвѣϵֻסˣ 
ϵЦ˵Ǽ¥ڷűĶˣסҲһġ 
һģҪסҰɣϲõһУҸ߸˵ġ̿˰ҲˡرܰȥϢҲϣһĺһֻСˡ 
һڻЦжȹģɫոе㰵ϵʹߴϴ˯ˣеۣ˳Ǹӵ¸ܼ˵ˣ͹ԹԵʰϴ˯֪ΪʲȴԽԽѣû˯⡣ 
ʱӦû磬ûܸߣ˴е谵⵽䣬Ѿ˯˺ˣûгŵĴţ˳ȥ 
ҵһ׸ıˣȻҪסǼ¥Ȼһֱסޡ϶ԭģҰԴȣҪںǷߣΪ㣬Ҫʲԭ򡭡 
һ㶣ѵʲܣ 
ǰֵǸСң֪£ֱΪһǼйأΪбԭˡ 
ȾԼʶ¥ȥһ·ûбκ˷ֻ֣Ѳҹ·Ҷڻпһ·ֵԶȥûгκ飬⵹֮ġ 
ҹĻ԰Щɭģߵһ룬Ҿͷȥ˯ҵľͻȻһϸСǽŲڲݵϷҴ̽Դ 
ϵ 
ɻ˰죬¥ķ˹ȥһᣬһǸ˹ȥΪ˷ֹ֣һԶԶģֻܿϵںڵıӰһһεڵС·ϡȻûдһʲᣬӦǺҪ顣 
춸¥ǰˮ鿳ûеطĵĵȵȥţŵ˹ȥǵĹ⣬**ڴ͸϶˽ȥ 
ϵһߵһţȻܵ׵ĺһҴˣϵͷһᣬҡҡͷûȥӦҲ²ȥɣϴҲǺòײŴġ 
ϵվǸںڵڣеܲˣǼˡ 
Ѿˡϵӷ϶͸˹һҲһءǺǡӦǺǡ 
Ҵ˰Σ£ 
ȻҾ뵽ǸԣҲӦʶģϵһ˰ҹ˵Щ˾֡ 
ϵĬĬЦһᣬȻСɡ 
ˮ˳ͷ֪Ҹˣҳ˼񣬻˴Сһ˽ȥϵǣϵûзҲûһֺܴȰ۹⿴ңкһʱҶΪԼΡ 
ҵĵ˵ͷЦ׵ 
Ȼ׵ѵ˵ǸԾУܣϴʲᶼûСȵȣ֪Ѿˣ 
ǺǣԴأʲ¶زסЦرᣬȫɢܳĸоĵѾΪʲ˳Ļ˰ɡ 
ݹЦΪҴӦѷԵǺǡʲᶼûеõ 
ĵ׷ûмϵʵϵһҲϣֻǱԴ˴Űˡ꣬ȴȥĺۼ 
һеʵѾӽˣе㲻 
 

 
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ϵЦһȴǺܿɬĵô 
ԥһ£߹ȥе㷲ģҪǸأ֪ǲĳĺڵҺ񡭡 
ǺںģʵʲôҲûпֻƾһ΢Ϳ棬Դ˰죬û˰ǸľƵӻǷԵġۡ 
ͻȻо󱳱һѣͷһԣֵСˣˤڵĲͨʹӦѾŤˡ 
ʶԼڵλõʱǿ̧ͷϵЩҡ 
̫СˣôôͿҲﷴʡϵ԰׵ɫԾоԵޱɭ 
ءҵˡźʹءȥҵứľ 
ϵҡҡͷСǼģСϷһῴ 
ΪʲôΪʲôҵɴ۾ 
ǺǡҪĶûеõҲšСŶЦ壬Ϸ湻ûУҿǲôŹġ˵ 
ô£ѵûŹңѵһֱΪκЦװɵ 
ĺ룬ôôأѹҵ˵ȫţѹ˵ȻĽܣԭˡ 
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ѾʧȥˣҲʧȥ㣬ҪҵķԶֻһˡ͵͵˵ʮֺͿĻһ˼ǳˣҳȥģzybg 
ͼʹԼƽûãҴҲκЦ壬ҲǷԣȥ 
ǺЦµԭסĵطأҲﱧҲأֻˡ 
ҹͷ﷢ֱҵǸˣǿĳŵҪȥʵ̫ʹҹҹ˾Ͳ֪𣿻ǿҳȥ 
˵ϰɣǺǣô֪ңһֱǴԴô˲ˣôҲҪ˰ƽЦڴʱĿֲ 
һӦò벻ʱһɺůĸоӿӦûµġҲ˼֣磬˵һȫû˺ڰ֮С 
ܼܺžЧܺãԥҪҪһԣǷˣںӦҲˣʱҲ뵽Ϊʲô¥û˿أԭϵһ׼ˣҪͶһǱĿԣ 
ͨҲӦƵĲûϢĸоʵеҵܹɽˣڲǺ˼ʱǽվҼǵԼ岽ҵĵطӦһӣҰǽ˹ȥͷǽһȥķͿնԼָ̽ȥȻķһӺֻ򡭡 
ҼѵŬ£ڵһֻ򣬰СҲˣ󱻴ɨˣԭϵĺһҲʧˣʯһӣӻ˯ 
ʵҺ򶨣Լе㲻̫š 
΢˼Ƭ̣һж˴ŵĹ롣ϵԴͷ֮ȥȻſ̹ǵİ𣬶Ҿô岻ıǣ˽~ôôù 
ҴӦʡŵãԼûںڰ֮С 
ʮ 
ŻǺʹ̫ˣֻԼʱһһĹȥҲ֪ʲʱǾͷ 
һʯϣӣԼе㺦£Ҳֻеˣҡ 
ʱ䣬Ӧҹң˻ᷢҲˣ㷢Ҳġûиκһ˵ֻҺϵ֪ 
뵽һ֪ҵģҲò֤ݣҪ˵ˡѵľҪһֱ 
׼Ҫ㾫ĵһϤҵĺ˼룬£žȻˣһ΢Ĺγһεϵֻˣ 
ԥҪҪȥϧŶˣƬһ˵Ц壬ɡ 
Ҵ磡һ˲࣬ҽеڣҳȥҵĽŤˡ 
ҴüͷҺһᣬ߹鿴ҵĽˣȻƽĵûʲ£Ϣͺˡ 
磬ˡ̽ʹ 
ҡҡͷҵĻʾıϣҪҰɣȥǹԹԵȥûҴһߵɣһ˶ߵҲֻǺһǰһѾˡ˵أԭǿ 
ſϵʱ˼һ£֪ұأҲ֪أ 
ҷϣҵĻأſҵҾ㲻ΪʲᣬҲˣֻǲõٷĴ󡣡 
ҵЦһ£磬ҲӦ֪԰ɣһأҲΪʲҶΧڻ 
ûʲ飬˵ҼһΣʱûдݵһˡһˣҼķѡ 
Ȼ뷨óǷǳ޷ԵģΪԣкֶ֮ܶǣҲǳ 
̾һҲ׷ʣԼӦʲᣬҪȥǲܴˣϵľӦҲеˡҺãȻǲҪȥأ 
ҲңǿаҴ˸¥ȫһصҵ᷿̱һãȻĿҰ죬ʶˣæҩһ¡ 
ǻѾҡҡڰڵ̧ˡҪȵףͷҪ͵;ˡ죿 
Ÿ˵һͨҲͷת򣬴ߴʰ׼ҳߡ 
˺һᣬҺ˵ٲ߾ˣˣԼ߰ɡԭǸСתߡҺڻ˺ŵ˵ 
ӣû°ɡ̻ŵҡ 
ܳȥҼæʣΪѾ֪һӦøʲˣֲϵץҡ 
ӣ̽еӾסڸȥ 
һ£סҰûпİ 
Ҳܲ࣬賿Ǳ˯ʱ뺬͵͵һԺӡȻҾķſڣӭ˽ȥ 
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ЪЪ׵ȷ࣬ûԭˡæͣԭͲ˽Խ˵Խ 
΢΢һЦתңȴ鶼Ҳңº͵ĵЦҰæҺܸء 
īɫ۾Ĺ⣬ҵƽ٣ȴ֪θڣ뵽ϴε£һе顭İҪҪڵݹȥ˰ɡ۾һһġ 
ҡ 
׼ˣЦһµ֪ͨˣҴߡ 
磿ʲᶼû˵һͦмģȻ̫ˡҪǺѣ롭 
л 
绹ڵǣ߰ɡҵĻ֮ỹҵķҴˣŵһһ㶵ģӦûʲɣҪǲСİˤ˿찡 
һҲҶıɲȰҷ 
üëһµˣŲǲ·𣿡 
±ˤˡ˵ڽѾˡ 
ҲûҾֱߵȰźõһǰСĵİҷ£ߴϳҲûٺ˵һ仰Īġ 
ҴӸով;ǰ죬Ȼˣһ~ҽȥԭһЩС⡭Ӧǻûüʰ 
Ҳæ˽ߵӰʲ£Ϊʲųȥ죬ͺ´ƵġҶġ 
һʱҲûа취˵ףҪȥѵһ˵Ҷˡ 
˿ңĬĬ߬е־ӣӡ 
֪Ҫ˵ʲᣬ˵Ц£ǿԳȥģġ 
ǣͻȻҪ˵Ļ 
һƲҲ˽˺һۣʱزǺϣӦú׵ġ 
ǾͺãҷһЦ˵Ǳˣû뵽ϵҹҿдæ 
Ǻǣ粻ڰ㣬ֻߡЦЦ޹Ƶӳҡ 
ȷûҽ̸ҶƬ̾ʵû˼ת顭 
ӻҪţһİĵ 
Ӧһŵİͷ̽ȥƽĵոͻȻ뵽һԼɢģҸҪϹȥϣû߲źá 
ֹ˼ȥˡ 
ǳ֮˽ЦұͲסģֻ˵ˣľͱˣһǸˡ 
ɻ˺ܳʱ䣬Ҳδ̫ˣҴͨϵϵҹ 
һةฮ˿ʵǼƻϲϱ仯ԭѾȫˡߵ浹ǳãһ㶼ûĸоŪԭС⣬ѡġ 
һ߻ʹɫҾû 
ʵҲǲ̵֪˼Ҳǲʲ˼Щǿģ˿ݾǶԼ̡ҰѾܳʱ仹һһ˳ȥ 
Цϣγһرֵı飬ҪƽʱһЦЦģȴܿɬҲ֪Ӧø˵ʲᡭҲʲᶼ˵õİɡ 
εҡҡͷһϧĸо 
αڸңҸһѵĺ𣿡۽ݡ 
42 
ҲκЦ壬ҲȨĶԭĺáҵ˵ʵӦǲİɡ 
 
Ȼܲӿ˹һҵ׷ˣ̺ҲЩƿȥ 
Ȼһ׷ȻὫΧס峿ĽֵԵ죬мСҲܵӰ١ 
һɱգҲֻǰΧ·룬ûκһжϴһʿ·ûʲɫ濴˰Ҳ֪˭ģ̽סҵ䡣 
󷽵˳ȥ½΢ڵһȻļƣһλסʲ𣿡˵ɨȫȷǷ 
ȺӦһԶ˹Ӻ¡ͺκĹӳˣ 
һһƥ뺷ȻҲʶ 
㣿κЦʲôΪʲҪɫţŭĵˡ 
ǺǡýţģֻԴǵϢһ¡ƵĿ档 
Ǽϸ 
κЦү۵ĺܣ³ʲʧȻҪ˸ 
Ǽֱϵ׸ҴҲǣȥˡ 
ǰֵĴ磬ЦԴ˵ŷһˡ 
һڣң׼Ѻȥʱһӭ˹ͷĺȻҴ磬ҰЦȻˣ㻹Ǽƻúúõģ˳ǣһ㶼˷Ѱ 
һҴͻͷ˼¾ˣһ־ճ 
ҿЦҲߵģָһ棬ҲߵģҲǱҲ֪ΪҺã 
һû˵꣬ϵһסˣҺһȻˡ 
ĳӢĵھĬĿͫ׶ҵӣȻȻһЦߵǰ˫֡ 
ԥһ»˹ȥصĿ˰죬һѱһĨ˭ڲģӦˡߣá 
ܿͽˣûгͻĬĬİ˶ѺˣԭȻûдӸոֵķΧлʴһͰͷ˹ȥʵֿġѽʵĻ 
ʲ᣿ĳҵյ 
ûʲᡣˣɻ˵֪Ϸ飬֪Ҳģ϶ʲʡ 
Ǻǣϲ붫ЦѾץסԴİѱˡ 
ʲ᣿һ㶣졭 
ֻǵʱһ֪ѱʲᡭ 
ʮ 
˵ʲֻǰҴס£Ҳҽ˹ 
һˣȻʲҲֻ֪Ǵӽŵиоõ鲢Ǻ˳ڹ˰գʵģҲ֪ˣֻǵߵʱһֱңįӡ 
˯һʱҿʧ˴ڴأָںڵĳһЦ˯档 
ûİһ϶û˯кǵĸܹҡ 
ź𣿡˵ץҵĽϸϸ鿴ʵҩ֮ͺ˺ܶ࣬ҲȥѾʲˡ 
ҵ˵ͷתһ룬֪ҵˣԿھ͵ҵˣ 
֪Цһ£ҿĽš 
ߣ᲻֪ƭң˵ɣ֪һʲġ 
Ǻǡ֪һ㣬κةһֱԼ鷿Ѿһˣ֪Цˣûʲ̬ 
ҷƬ̴Ȼʱȷܺ£һʵҲûʲˣȻҲкܴĿءǱʶѾԼ׵ˣҴСǹ¶Ҳֻһˣ˸֮׵һ飬Щҡ͵ġ 
̾˿£ʮֺʸ˵ģѾץסԴİѱѱʲأΪʲڲŷأ 
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ޡĳ˱ڵϡ 
Ҽæ·ס©Ĵ⣬֪ҿ 
ȡѵճ˹ҿһˣˣ޲Цˡ 
˵ץԴİѱˣʲᰡҺĿ 
ת˼£Ц޾Ҫ˵ 
˵ú̸Ҹ£Ȼһ·СܣѺü̫һžͳϵȺѾõһӣҡҡڰڵĳʮѸٶûһ 
ڽ׼ȷ˵ǺһڽȷһϣŤʣȥ 
ĳ˵ЦһֻֻвסĴһҵ𣬶̣**ϴ۾һֱĳʱĵȥһˡ 
￩һ£ʵе뵽ˣֻǲȷѣڿ飬Ѿ˰˾ŷ֡ 
عźһΡĹһ·ȥҪʱͣԼһֵӣ춵ִĿĵأһƫƧͥԺһ·۲죬һΪڽ⣬ȷǹеһĽ䡭 
һͣ˽ΣǰǼžԺио΢΢ĽŸУһͣȻأǴǸ˵ġ 
ֻҸˣҵһֱ߬ģ˾ֱ߽һ䷿䡣 
û˿׼㾪гڷеһľһʬ壬ϸ۲Ҳ֪˭ֻû뵽һֱˣѾӡǵǷԡ 
ʬķʩķǳãҲûʲζ̴ܶ㡣ȷڵòʮƣرü۵رᣬӵˡ~ˣ 
ҳһ亹Щ˶Щ̬ˡĥ 
̧ۿʣûԤľŻʹ࣬෴رĸˣҿʼԼһֱĹ۵ˣֻǶʬ塭ʲҲû뵽ܵİɡ 
ˣ۹⿴ң۹ҵģҵͨͨҰҿǺܴġ 
ͷһʲˣȻܻİǰ˵еƣ 
̬˼Ҷˣ㻹׵ڵ˵ǵлҲ˵ף֪ˣΪʲԴΪʲץˣҲ˽ϵҹ˵Ǿ䡰ҰѷԵ˼ˣֻҲ֪ǰ﾿ģǾҹ춻ġԣҲߡϲ𣡡 
ⲻܹޣֻԴ˽½׵ʱһŶѣҳɴ߲СڡܷΰԴҲҪˡ˵ 
һ㶣Թžౡ飬Ȼˣҿ͸ҲԽԽˡ 
ʮ 
֮ᣬҲһֱԵ飬ҲͦģҲﲻ̾˿Ա߿Ұſڵӣ˺öŶ 
𣿡Һ޹Ŀ 
˵ͷȥæԼȥˡ 
պʮˣҲǳڲݵһ˪룬ͻȻֻǴˣһ㶯ûУ 
ҷ㶵һͨ˵ǻˡ 
̼æһҴææӭǰȥ˸ 
ᵹԭһǰӵĽЦأüնûˣƣպκˡ 
Щȥæˣֻǡеƣúõܹ 
£ūҸպҲЩ¸˽̸̸ЦҵĻȻ֬ϵĺܺϵľݡ 
֪ʲ£ҵЦȴֹ֪ʲء 
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˺ܳʱ䣬Ϊ˵һҲ֪⼸ǶߣûҲû˸֪Щء 
ҿ˿һֱվԱʹɫḷ́βʲ˼Ҳֻʲᶼ˵ 
ῴ죬𳤶ϸķüЩƮƮ˵еأ϶ûע⵽ЩūҵҲӦöһ£˵ǲʶ̧١ǺǣҲҪģūȻںܹأҲ﹫Ӻúôģܲʧ˻ʼ棬˵ǲ 
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᲻ǴأһδҵĻʼҴ°Ҳ̫ûԾģʱһЩңɲҪպñ˲źá 
ˣ̽Ϣ˳̼ҵģҲǸˣҲ˵ĺԴģ´˿ӦѾ̸Դ׼ˣ˽һЦȴֲ˵ƣĵаţûʲҪҲĵģһҪҲҪΪҵ˲źá 
ĻūҲģѵҪ𣿡һ˵һ߿ҵɫ 
ʲģʵӴ⴫˽ 
һ£Цݶ棬תſС˹ȥҲһ£ⷭȷ黹졣 
ĳʵյĴ˽ҲֻʾһЦȻĿתңҲ򵥵˸ 
ϣЩӶûеūأūֲܵ߶ȤĺܡСŮ̬һֱճֱ͸ոյľʮǧҼƤһء 
⻹õˡ̴չҶֹЩֺõӹӻûأҶöĵĽ 
ǺЦ£ҲΪˡȻܲɫĲĺӲģһеĶˡ 
һ߰ѻᰲ£һ˵Ǹոʲٲĵģ 
ū˵չӾͽˣʱЩ²ϺءЦ̵˵ 
Цػ˶ģҺܶ޶ѾźˣûˣǺúҪº̬ͣȴܼ 
˰죬Ҫ˵ʲᣬ˿ϵɫǹԹԵı졣Ȼȸˡ 
ҿıӰ̲סЦ˳ 
Цʲ᣿ֹңÿζԸšǺǡ 
˰죬ǱסˣҲЦ˰ŻԴ˵ҲʣзԵҲ̸֣Żǲ 
ǾӵһĬĬĸ¡ 
ңӣԴһμģһƵˣֻĬĬվȴ˸о⡣ǲɿһֻԶԶĿǸʱһ̫ӣҾ˳˵ĹûȤҪչʾϣһľ˵Ǽ£ɱԼƽľ£ǼԼǱһˣмء˵Һ˲Ϊˡ 
кǿѧ˼أȻе㲻׼ȷĬĬӦ˵ͷԵġϵɣԵܲ춱ҿ˵ȥ 
Ҿһˣϵı顭ߡǸˡȻ㣬Ҳر𡭡 
ҡˣҺ˵˼ 
Ĵĸ˵Ҳ֪ˣϻ𡭡 
һڣ˵Ͳˣǵʲ˰ 
ʮ 
ЦʵҲûʲᣬ޸ոǲˣ 
ûСĻش 
ǺǡùޣС˵ʲᣬҲȥǵҶźˣ͵ԴϹˡĽü˵ 
Ϲ򵥾Ϲе㲻̫šƳĳ˵㾿ʲףԴԼ 
ȻǷˡ 
ҲԴΪһʬðʲգѾ߻˺ܶˡҲϵǰëëŵˡ 
ааһЦƢұ˭ǺǣҪһʬ壬Թ޵ġ 
˵˵ȥҲûиļƻǽˣɱɱҲϲֻܵȴˣҺ©һҪ⣬ԵʬᵽϵģҿɲֻϺ֮ĽҲִƣĪǡҴ磿 
ҴʲôصЧ㣿ҴҲʲҳӡ̽һ䡣 
磿ҪʲôֻҪϿ͸ң´ˡǷ⣡Һݺݵһ٣ҵֻûȥͱץסˡ 
侲룬ͻȻһʲᶫҵԴ˳ģһ뷨γˣòǰ͸Ҵ˰ɣ 
ѽ뵽ģᶼû뵽ǺǡüתӯӯЦ⡣ 
ȻҲˣҾ֪·ϱʲᶫ棬ȫˡҲҴҴߣڼ飬Ȼ֪ͨˣҵѡȻҳġϷҴԭ˼ڲſ 
һҲ䰡һһ˹˹ĵĲ˵ 
˳ĳ˺ҲһˣøһУֻǲ֪ĶҴû˼еѡ 
۾ЦֻǰȥѡǺǡ 
㻹ĳǸӡ׼˴͸ǸĴҶ֪˵ʲˡ 
ᣬ㻹ɫһ䣬ɷ˵ѹ˹ѹڵϲܶˣոӦԶһġͻȻɷĵˣңҾͷſ㡭һ 
桭ǡֲСӡ 
ҿҵϷĻǺܡࡱһڴﰧ̾ѣҲŲҪ顭 
ءʹʹˡˡءҴ۽Ǽһᡣ 
ֽţһ͵ЦĿæҵӣһ߳ȥĴһɨȴ֪Ȼ˸ƬѸٲһ˱ҧҿǻÿһطסҵ࣬˳ԵǻеĿ 
ҲǼҲǼֻԼĻ˶ı۰֮УֻҪΪһ塭 
ò˫룬ΣӵԽԵҫ۶ĿֺǺǵ˵Ȼ˼伫Ʒ 
 
ҡ 
ҾᶼҪˣߣռұˡ 
ˣ˭֪ճ˹ЦСЩ벻ң 
ҡͷҡͷءΪʲῴҡҿˮ۵һҵӰ˳ջ΢΢һͷ 
ĴһǺЦҾ֪ġȻҶߵ˵ҵ֡ 
Ƭ̣ҵļͷҿı飬ֻһ˵û˽йҵ֣ 
ҵ亹һһҺ󲻼ǵˡ 
Ĭ˰Σί˵ʲ᣿ 
ĳ͵İץ棬˵Ҳ˵᣿ 
ȷʵǲǵˡ޹ͷһͻһͻɷǺÿ 
̾˿ʧĵˣˡҲָǵõġȻᱳϳһӰӡ 
ҲЦˣ춲ĥЦ̫Ѽˣ治֪˭ȡġ 
תĴЦЦеĪӦЦúõЦ 
ֹסЦʱ򣬸ͨŵúݺˤһ˰Ҳҿһۣ֪ʲ£ŽͰ͵˵󽫾Ҫ౨ 
󽫾ҴˣҲ֪ʲ£һݣæ˳ȥ  
 
 
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̧ˣ̾ʹյǰһֺܲ˼ҡ 
죡˸ոպһŵ˶ġ˲ 
ұĺëһһСʲÿġ 
ȻһЦ㰡ĻһĶࡣȻỹϧƵҡҡͷ 
ұŪĪҲһҡͷ£һرҪ飬ӦԴйص°ɡ 
һһ͵͵˳ȥҲûңСȫӻֺǺǵҪҴ·ҵȻʮ⣬һ 
ת춵鷿վһŵʮɭϣҲ棬ӭҴſĿڣ˵ԼȥŤ˰ҵˣҲûͨҾͿ˽ȥ 
Ҫ͵ȻҪţƿصĵţȻἫСĵĺϣʵ뷢ҲʮֻǸΪǺ޵ĵӣһûУȵ̺Һ桭ˡ 
ǴԱߵĲŽģӭһ磬Ҷͨ޵Ľ紦ȥͿϵڿϣĿ·Ҵ˵ 
Ҳһ࣬رЦ˷Ǳ˭̫Զˣ˵ʲᡭѵεļƻҪʧˡ 
ȫҲˣƫƫһӲĴܽʲᡰԴšʱУʬ塱ֻҺ޲ϳȥ 
ͻȻһұ¶˫ŭ֮СſڽǸƷǳι̵ѾƬʬ޴ˡǺǡҸЦ˺ü£ŴӾлеһʲ 
ҷ޷޵һ滹ίǷ˴СһһĲ˹ȥ 
桭ˡŭңָң͵Ҳˣ㻹ϰǰơ 
ԽĺڵĹҴˣǰ˵ˣ 
ˡءСҲǰ˼ҡ 
춳ܲ޹̾˵ɡԼĴȣԶԡ 
һЭ߸˵ֱߵλϣΪҸովע⵽ߵİϷ˺رóԵܽظ⣬ϵֿʼһ߿Ľζ 
ʵ˰ҲǷǾʬǲԴֻӬ˼ֻҪסʬ壬ԴԶǰֻҪͿֵҴȻĸԶһЩΪԴȻ꣬Ȼںڵһʱ̣οΪǿ϶Сտʬ壬ԴıȻڶλϣҪرעһֵУֻ˻빬ж꣬ݣʱҪ 
һͷһΪԼͿ˵ĶӲΪҵڶûгء֪ΪʲᣬҵƤԽԽأͦεӱϵ¶Ĺ̫ˣһ춼ڵӦҲˣ׼ԼѾޱȵȴֶ̧ˡëһƮƮĻĵ̺ϡ 
رİֻƮƮĸڿУҵͷ͵ĳ嵽Ѿ̱ڵϵԱߣϵҡûϢ塭ָоİϤҰŻҿ԰׵ףͲ϶Ĵȴʲᶼû 
ҴУǶȻҵ͸ӰӾĴɢҪɢˡȻеһ־ҲһƱ̡ 
ʮ 
ͻȻںڰгһһѸԭӦѾɢ͸ɫĶһ͵С 
ҵ־˼֣һĶҵǰĹ⣬Ļζǰȥʢ͸ֵĹС 
һͿһϤӰȻǸҽʬ껹ʬɣЦĶвʮѵ˵ҺøϵˡʱǺǡϾ;㡣 
ɵĻǲְǧ飬춿һתָ壬ȻѸٵתһȦһŰ𡭡ҵ۳͡ 
ò׼˰ǳã̧ǰɵˣ°㲻˵ᱣҵ𣿻ϴζû˵㰡ҵԸ 
Stop! 
˵Ӣġ 
ֺǺǵĵοɲܹңȥģҸϹӦĳãȻΪ˭ûѾǧȥ軹ư 
ԭոһֱǰ·ĶǻƣҲȤǴȥİ˭ҵһ뵽 
ǰһѣ˭֪Ū˱ʹ˵Ϊַˡ 
ЦãĴҿҳЩãҺԼûϢˡ 
ҿĿǰĺͿɣҵ塭ԣһܻǸ𣿡 
ĬһᣬҽҪʧʱ˵ܻȥˮɫȫ˸սȻĵĵһλˣͲٰ㸴ˡ 
һ㶣ʵû뵽ģ˵ֻһΣܹӵбȱ˶һεĻѵãǿҿĵĵûϵ´ˣȸ㡭㲻㻹ǷһԸɡ 
һЦûû˵͵ݸһ̵ܣλһ峺͸ҺĽӹǳᣬһƬҶëһƬԭΪûиоģĴȫ£ 
ҵעȫ˹ȥȻ˵ҵʱʹˣġҪˣֻһԸһù֮ҾҲˡ 
˲Ʈһ仰ʱѾӰˡ 
ڰУлĻұȻɫˡ᲻һػˡ 
ǽҴһͨȻʧӰ˳ɫں˵ˣ˶ˡ 
˵ỹһûػ꣬ˣ 
ĳɻȻһֻ̧֣תǰ˹ȥ 
ǳʹʹҲò͵ۣȿǺܸߵݶӦûڻʹ棬Ȼһûϴʹֻ࣬ȫһΣȻˡ 
ǰľʵŵˣǰɫᣣһϺõĹľȫѩ׵£ЦҵĹľŷǷԵĹľҿЦá˭ġ 
֪˶ˣֻڹľǰѾ˯ˣƻԻȴҲûбˣҺܲˬҶѾ˵ˣظ˶ûУ 
һѺŪѣһ¾Ҳͦģ׼ӹľʱһ󼱴ٵĽŲ˹һ֡Ǻǡǡ 
Ұոոյģ£۾ƽȺԼľżһʱȺӿ˽ĬĬ׼ǸȻһӦóֵҳ׶ᡭ 
ײĶߡǹȾ 
ûʶǼʱʲ£ΪʲȾ 
һֺܲõԤӿͷѾԴս˰ɣһҲ룬ͻȻ̼еһЩִקȻûж 
ǸԼӦҪ侲˸оľ˸Ұе۾ȥùľûȫϣ͸϶ҿԵĹľҲ̧·ߵʱһܿкʱο࣬Ȼһ֣ǽرܣʵ 
ʮ 
ҲĻѣճһ·ײı̧Ļƽȣ治Ҷදһ£±ˡһ·Ҳûб˵֪ȾӦþ͸Աߡ 
˰ʱңŻһ֣ոֱ̧ӣ͸϶ȥ̫ˣû취ֻԼֶһǰΧ 
һ֣ӦǸ˰ɡǺǡ̫ûġ 
Ѷ£һϵ 
ֵȻϤȴİ˰Ҳû뵽˭ 
ʲʸҡȾҲԣá 
һûлػķȻ׼֡ 
ȾԸѹľ£ֻסЦƾЩˡǺǡ 
ͻȻЦסˣӶĲһŽУܿҲܸоԼ΢΢սһ˲վ 
˵һΣ쩤Ǹٶʱ˾Ǻˣֻû뵽˾ȻǸֻһ˵ϯ 
еҲһڴĹ·չɫľ 
Ϊʲ᣿ȾĴ˽ֵľ档 
ЦµǺǡҼӣǰڲ 
ңġչȵƽ 
ǣߣѹӲǣû뵽־ȻҶԲңĸףԲԼѵĶᣡԲӣŭĿ 
һ£ԭҵ˵Ƿ˼ͦģһûʲڸеˣΪѾ˰ɡ 
ȻһͣǵʵһûӦѾƹƹҹʮˣҷǳǲݵ߱ڣԼһڹײġʬҲֻѡ 
˺ܳʱ䣬õҶ챻ܹȥˣź˽֡ͦصģֻм˻Ӧѡ 
ҲƣĶáfree 
ͻȻһһƮҩһ㶣֪˭µҩסԼĿڱǣеǽҵıǼ⣬ʱо࣬û뵽ٶءǡ񡱵ˡ 
ϸϸȥĶʲûˣ֪ˡԥҪҪȥһһԭ 
һˡıʱޱȡ 
Һ޲˹ȥһֵҵ˼ľһˣҽƳһۣȴҴᱳ𣬷˳ȥ 
͵ۣ㲵ڼҵ屻ʱ򣬾ҵĲһ£Ȼɱ˹ֵṦǳãȺܳһξ룬ԽԽƫƧŴӼϲлָҿĵĴеû£Ҫ׷ˡӴ 
ʹͻȻͰҸ˳ˣ 
ȻҾһص⣬ΪҸոջһˣ 
˶ԭأȵĺϲ£ָ͡Ѹ٣˹Ͱڵڿ޵һͿ뻳У۹ʱԵҵⲻΣΣ 
˽ţͷһů˵˵ʹˣȻΡ 
ӡֵĻͰ͵˵Ÿովʲᡣ 
ҲŲӡҺݺݵĵһۣ޴ĴվԭһҩˣȻֱֱԵȥ 
Ͼ˼ģֺǺǵĿǰˣڵȴ⣬ϵСİұԭ·ʲҲûʡ 
᲻˵ˣܲĬĿ 
һΡͻȻɵЦһҲǸСġΪĻʵۡ 
˵˲ˣǵ᲻šȷ̫ʹҲܸˣεҡҡͷ 
ҡ 
 
ȷ֮ǰֵܳʵǾֻ˹ 
ұϱ˻Ǻһ£ȴһˣǸɽĴ翴һģ˰ʱʱ֮ţдʷ飬ٴλ˼䣬ҿǲ֪ġ 
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ϸϸǰ˯ˣ͹Ⱦˣеҩأһֱûѵס˵˵Ҳԭû뵽ĶͦѸٵģһ©֮㶼ûС 
ҿ֯һŅ̀ˣŻӦǰʣûüˡ 
ص֮ᣬЦȦУҽȻ޲ġ˵СȫӴҽȥˡȻֻعͷ˵ǻĺġ 
ֺ֪Ǻǵ˵ 
ĲͷΣһȷϡ 
ﰵЦҲ֪ġͲ±˵ʲ𣿲ҺҿĵĸĦеѡ 
ʲ᣿˷ܵճеĶϸϸ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼҵֵĵӣûп׶ִǴĶŪģ 
صЦһ£˵й¶ҲȻﱣ˵ʲʱҪõء 
Ȼ˼Ҳûз棬ֻ۹עңͷƤһķ飬Ұ 
ʪȵϢ˼άĶͣٵһ̣ռסҵſƬֱеĿ˸ɾŲķſңƵ˵һǰһʵǲ·Ȼÿζɱӡ 
ҸЦתƻ⣬Ϊʵڲ֪˵ʵϾҲκЦ壬Ҳ֪Ƿֻܹһ꣬ЦԴ鴦ˣ 
Ȼ̸һֱ˵Ļ⣬üޱŵ˵͵˸ָޣĵѾڻʹȥ˴룬ʣµĶаѱϵģֻҪ޲׷ǲġȵִ˹ڵϲ£ϧ˵ϧûץ 
ûץһⲻǻΣϿսسǵȫȨȻҴʲ󽫾Զˮⲻ˽ʣǵķ֮ؿ˵ȨԴϵġ 
һ㲻ҽҼǻһֻҵҵĲӬߴתʵڱתͷˣŰȥ 
ֵ˶˳ȥ֮ᣬһֱڴĬҽͻȻڵӣκةתĶȻݸһСֽ 
˺óһʱ䣬Űֽ˹Ѿֱģ֪ҵʲ˼ 
ûʱϸҴҴɨһݣֻдѣңȻֱǰҽ˻ȥȻ˿һһ㶵ġǸֽˡ 
ݵ͵ͻܵŶ~ 
Ҳûʲֻܰҵ˵ʲѾͻң֪ʲ˼һҲû飬Ϊֲ˽еעΪҿ۵ĻɫϾȻںڵѪ 
˹ȥһƿ䣬Ŀһ8ҵѪڻðѪʱҾͲˡ 
Ҳһ£ͷһů뵽ո˵ĻӦǲ֮ǰŸԴսʬ屻ִæϹġ 
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ҽͺˣֲᡣȻ˸ʮ֡ 
֪ġֺǺǵЦڵϾĳλˣǴ·ϳһ鲽ȻƼȦOKˡ 
ĳ˻ɹ黳ɣǾסҵջ󣬹ԹԵİ˳ȻǿֲľȻΪĬ 
ĳֻҽںں£ŵĽӹеİƷȡҲϵһΰײˮϴѪգ˿СĵͿĨϱ̵ҩ࣬ȻҩȡڼѨλ˼¡ 
һ׼֮ᣬŰרİײݹᣬֱ۰˸ʵ 
һ۹ֱۣȴʲҲû˵ҽڻУ޳һᱻ 
ҹշᡭ 
Ȼִһ 
͵͵۹˳ȥҽֻǾúʲҲûΪ֮һʱзû뵽ʱʱո賿һڲߣ̾Ϣ˵κةȻȥˡ 
һ仰ҳˡҵҹ鷿ϵԾˡ 
ʮ 
һǻҵǲԾġ 
᣿ҴҴҴӴɻĿҡҡͷ˵ҹ 
ҹҲ˵ܶµǸʱһᣬ÷ǳԾǸҽ͸ֽʱҵѾԾˣܣû죬ҵдֽǰԲ֪Ҳû⾿һ£жǰͰźҪֽ 
κЦջȥŷκةѾȥˣʱûκĺۼ鶼д÷ˣӦԾķ 
ת˼䣬ŵ֣ǳ֣ҵˣԴ»û˽ᣬûпɱġ 
ҲģԲûмԷȻЦһµԴµ֣ҲûбҪ 
Ҳû뵽ķչ˳ϡ 
ҹˣʱ΢΢תѣһߣҪȥϵҵ˼ԸҪһȥฮ 
УڻʹڻǰȫģԴҲṫȻһ⹬ǾͲԤϾʲΣˣȰϰҲûãִʲᶼסҵĶҪΣһ˳ȥ𡣡仰˵֪Ŷж١ 
ǼݺƺƵ˺ةฮةฮѾһòҴ绹һӭ˽ȥ 
պҲѹ֣һ㴭ĸоסҵһֱߵҵ鷿ϵڵϣǴϸսãƽȫѾҲûа취ѹˡ 
ϹȻһ飬ұùȴһ˵ûʲÿġǵıģȫҵһˣҺġ 
߹ȡǷ鿴һֵ˵Ȼ֣κةȫûᵽС㡣 
ҶʱסˣûᵽңʱǰҽֽȻû֤ݣΪֽѾǸҽˡ 
Ҵù˺ܾãȻûᵽҵκ飬û˵ԡ 
ֹּ֣ȴϵɡ 
Ǽ˺ܳʱҲûʲֻôϵ°׵ұϵҴֽ¸ģǻûе˵ڣһ˵ϢةฮԴΧˡ 
Ҳ̫Ѹ٣˶ˡ 
Ļǿ찡ɫ˵ 
죿ҿ֪ʡ 
û˵ֻǷԸҴõȫŵ䡣ʱҲŸоةฮѾΧ˸ʵ 
ڴһ仰˵ҽ˺ܳʱ춻ָƽʵڻҪʲأ 
˲һۣЦʲᶼֻҪȾˡȻỹеĶһϸϸƷ 
һȻ򣬲ڵȾȱɣڵǺΣհǵᶼҡˣҼҲûãҲֻøǸɵ 
һʱл˽˵ٲĻҪûˡҵһһģѵҪҪ 
ķ֣ҹڻﰲο˵д㣬Ǻǡ 
ʲ㰡 
Żġ˸ޱȣȻֵԲŻģһֻܹԹԵĴ棬Ϊ޿Ǵһġ 
ʲᶫ 
ʳڣѾѡѾ˵ĹȾװʬĹײģһ㶣ԭѼƻˣֻҾ˿ҲʲЧɡ 
˼һᣬƽ˵ʱӦѾˡ 
ãͻȻվ۹˵οܣ 
ԭһжõľ֣Ҳ˵һҽ᳤ʱ䣬һֻһԺγɣϵҵɱ 
ԭˣֻһǾǣҵʵҹɱģ鱨һֱѣڼǰϵѾȥ˰ɡ 
һֽ˭ 
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˰ûһͷԼעȫսռˡ 
ʱһһϵʮ򶨣֪ʵҲе㲻 
Լֹ˰ʱͻȻ쬵ķɽĴ˵ãԴסˡ 
͵׼嵽濴ʱһǿı۰סҵȥ·Ҷ˵Ҫȥٵһ 
ҿ˿ĵץסֻ˵ֱۣҪ÷Ż𣿡 
ǣֻڷżǾѡ˵εİҹǰҵܡ 
һ£ȱʲʱܵ 
ͻȻһХڸ˵üëһЦѾˡ 
ʱѾг˳ȥոշŵļҲͣһƬҼ˳ȥ 
ľǺܺãкܶոյļˣ֮ȻվһݵˣԴκƣվڶģպöฮĴš 
Ǻȣ̫ȴܴ󣬹ôۣҸһ·Ρǰϳһξ 
ҲĬãһƵ˵û뵽ҾȻ䵽ⲽءǺǡ۰ 
ʱҲſһΧʵٱΧϸлеı˵Ѿ޴ˣҿ޻˵ 
ͻȻվԴ˻ʶȻı£һ仰˵ĻѲԴĲŵĲ 
ɽԴϾҲûİ취˺ɱ˼£Ǳסˣⳡսʱҵʱ䣬ȴܲҡ 
ұȥ뿴ڸոյս˵ˣʵ̫ˣѪȵϢڿӣ޷ҿվǰһֱ侲Ĺսһ˵ζܡ 
ûеȵʰо֣ɫʮֲõһص˴Ҵ㱨˴ս 
İʮˣнͳ˼ѾԴ䲿һǧˡڿտĴϡ 
ˣ˵ͽ㴦ˣԴ͹Ⱦ 
ȻʹҴҵ£ŻָƽʱʶǸˣҵ˵ˣ 
òӳħƣƵ˵ᴦǣ 
ǺЦ£赭дȻס 
׼еĶȻ̽ʵƵģǲҵ缸͡ 
һ£ҵǵģȷʵǽϲ֪µģκةȷ㱻ҴԾˡ 
Ҳ֪ʲ֪࣬ҲûʲˡԥҪҪֽ˵ỹ˵˳ʵҵֽҡ 
ɻĿҵʲֽ 
Ҽ򵥵İ˵һ£Ҳ¡ֻǶеǾ仰ظ˺ü飬ת˼תȻ»˭֪ 
ûˣҺҽ֪֣м֪ 
ȻҲûἰˣֻ˺ܳʱҲ֪Ǹҽþͱˡ 
ڼȽжȹģص֮ᣬҴҴϴһ£ϴҲදһ£˯İΰ֮䣬ҶȵϢĵǲǱˡ 
ȻһȵĶռסĴһԼʵǸʱѾ˴룬ȴۣܵҵߣΪֻҵʱͻȻ֣ûһ£ҷǳʧʧҾһ£Ҹʧ 
ߣҲŲϡǲءΪʲ᲻ء 
Ҳˬ˺һ۾ȴѾ˯ˡһҲոϵĻʵۣͷͷĲ֣رһСӣһ֡Ǻǡ㡭 
ұıӵģ˯ǺЩˡˣҲ۵ġ㡭 
ԥ˰춻ǴչȥԼĴġˣҪ˯ˡ׼뿪ĴʱȴںڵĶסҡˡ 
򶨵һתӰԼס죬кǿľĵġ 
Թ԰˺һӣûҵıӡ 
ˣҴӡȴ˸һתұѹ£ɤ˵Ҫҵġ 
ҡҡ˰Ҳû˵һ˿̵ɵЦҲˣǻ˯ɡǺǡ 
 

 
ʮ 
Hڣϲ룬 
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ĴҵĴĦ۵ڴ͵ΧϸϸŹÿһ䣬ƻͷȴᶼûٽһĶƴ΢΢ĸҵľظĦһ㱵˲ҾãرϲҵľϺĵطһһ飬ȫĲ 
ĶʮֵᣬûһֱϢȻ۹һ̧ҵĺɫ뿪Ұңÿĺ촽һĻȣü˵Ļϡ 
ҾջңһûκζǰѹϣһִֻӾסҵͷһִֻ첿΢ҵ̽˽ȥȵļǰеһ㣬ವһ´ҵա 
ˡ͵ҵҧһڣҳʹֱü 
ʹҵĻͳͳԽƻޱȵͷֱ룬ɨҵҿǻÿһĵطסǻǴ࣬еζĽҺҵĲҵĿǻУһЩ˳˳ȥ 
ұǵȫڲһ·֪ʲʱȥˣǰһԲֵĸŪҲѾ΢΢Ӳָ׽ŪƵľܴȦƫƫһºɫ飬һֵֺĸоָΧȫŤ 
ĻħҵĶߵһſںס˲ʺɫС㣬һֻһߣȦһɺǿĿȫߣһͷҵͷȫµĴ̼УϸСİƲסӴ˳Ҵ󾽣޲ҧԼͷƴѹ֡ 
ءȻҧҵ顭ʹ 
ģּο˵С㣬֣ʹȴһָǿҵĿȡˣֻҪһ㣬һҲֵĸŪ 
ҲŤŴһѾʪͷ̧ۿңааһЦ˵ҳԡ 
ҵ̣۾ǰĺڰҵĸоԣ͵һʪȵĶһڣѹסսĿУ 
ԣܺĻħ䣬ҵԽ˷һ·˽ԴʱҵѾӲͦˣĴ΢΢ 
ůָĦҵȫ򸹲ӿȥʱʱŪָ׻ĻҵǰˣĩĿˮһУҲ֪ںηֻܸоԼȫ̱ 
ǰѾŪ͸Һ壬˳ֱķһ·֮䡭 
ҵ˳ڣȥһ£ȫкС 
ҾȫˣϲֺܶϵĺӦûûȥӻڸոյɾС 
ͻȻ뿪ҵҴһѵ𣿲һû꣬Ϳ֪ȡһб̵ҩıѾˡ 
ȻĿã۵һԸɾ 
ִֵ们ȥҵѨһѾоİͿĨҩ֣Ѩ崦ϸϸĦҩҲֵĸоһָֻʹ̽˽ڲһĴɢ 
ȣý沿һ֣ͷѾĿ¡Ļ 
һָҵĳڹŪתϵ룬һֱָûŰ˳մҩָͬʱ룬һͦ뻹һһµĳȻе㼷ǾûˣߣȴʼſڱڣתŪҷǳ֣ͻȻȫһһǰˣƣķվ֡ 
ܵ˹ָⲻϵĦһ㣬ȫڲһһĿҪûң޷¡ 
ͻȻԼָ۾һһϵѨȻùĻ˵ﶼΪʢˣ 
ҰԼ뱻Уö˵ĸо 
ȻһӲӲĶסڣһһӿϵСж˽ 
ʹĺʹĿҪ 
һͺˡȻ֣ͦҵĴҽӲӷ 
ͣһ£ĳ鶯ȵиҵĦøոյҩ࿪ʼڻԽ˳һȻܾû룬ɻɶҵڰڶʵĸоһһĲϷ̵ˮ䶼ɫζ 
ϵĶײڵһ㣬ҵǰҺȥĸĦҶˣͻȻƵסҵǰˣ˵һ𡣡 
ܣкʹƮڴеһҶСֻۣܸҵĳ鶯ҡڡ 
һɣǰһкѨоһһϣİĸо 
Ȼ˯ȥ 
ʮ 
˯۵ʱѾͣԱߵλҲãϳȥˣϽ׸ɾûһҹĺۼ 
̧ɨ˼ۣȫɢ˼һãӰԼ⻬Ӱã׼ˡ 
ҿڣѾˮɫȹŶ롣 
ӣˣٶһ¡ߵǰ 
˲ճһƬغҲ֪ҹˣ֧֧ǣӦûûϢðɣˣϴαչȵĴӦòᡣ 
ҴñǵūŶǱ˵ģĺܣûˣұչӣҲģϴξͲ㡭˵ȻεεĿ 
һůҲĶҵһˣִҪҲ͹ԹԵĴڱﲹһ뼦֮ỹ˯˹ȥ 
ٴʱǶӶˣ΢΢תѾ͸оһϤϢΧԼΧſ۹ȻڴߣںڵͫȫҵӰӣһ㶾˽ȥݾ 
ʹʹҵĶ 
ҡҡͷǺۡ 
ǺЦϴӵڻͷҵļĥҵĳСеʱޱȣеʱȴɵĿɰǺǡһأ 
죬Ҿİˣ 
ͻȻ˵ӦᴦԴأںڵֱԻֵۣҿǲġ 
ԭ£糯˳˵Դפر߹صľҲľֻֻ¶ɱɣܣµĿǱ߹صʮӱƾɣҵЦЦĴԴѾزϺᣬٹͬ 
ƻüȻӦøο 
ȻҲ飬ֻǷǳᴦȾģ˵Ҳʡ 
һ£һ춼ǿȴڴϣԷڴ϶ȹģϢĲˣƴҲҪˣȻһʱΥĻֳȥ£ңڵĴ˽ 
֧ҪȴȥЦ˵ҹ¶֮Ͳضˡ 
˵ҵֺһƬȻֵ˵˴£ūմڹͷҲûϢʵ֪ 
һ㶣Ƭ̣֪治֪Ǽٲ֪ԴͼıѾˡˣ 
Ǳ˼ߣҵĲܣܣ˵ҪɫʱҪȥһ˵ҲһˣֻǼд˶ԴܸûаϣҲֻǽڻλϡ 
ǰĻѾԭǸˣĬĬ̾˿ҡҡλε˳ȥԸūſҲûпȥһֻۣϣҵµϣжĺӡ 
һر𰮺˼룬ҲǣѾ˺ܾˣҺ쿪ʼҲûмԵʬˣŵȥأҵҲͷۣҪҲҪȥġ 
ˣҵǽأһҹ·ͱʰˣûע⵽ǸûС 
ˣˡءҴͷͷƿҲûСɡүҲҪҰ 
̿æ˰ſʵˣʲ᣿ 
Һ˵ܣɫģûУֵǿıѪ˳½󻨻⣬˸ոҶ¶ԼǹĶȫǺۡ 
ѸٰѱӽԼĵʣ㿴û 
̻һ˵ûУҹ·ūǶʰˣûм 
ǻȥˡءҰ 
ҰԹ˰ҲûмǸܵӰӣֻзˣҲԴսʱŪģҲûа취 
һЦ˵ϲֶùʦˡ 
ֻпЦһĶ 
գԭǻϴɲʵӣȴΪԴĹɥˣͬʱҲԹɵΪҵףͬһʧȥλպԪϼٹͬɥ 
54 
ڶ죬ҴҴҸϻฮɥɴֵģҲֻǻТҲϣϵĹľ˰õ棬ǰаڷλ㰸ĺܶ˶ϵǰͬźѧɰ֮Ϣ 
ڶ࣬ȴȻҲ˴ϸĵĲúͰš 
ҷʲ¶ûҲ΢ʾһ£ʵҲǴµʥּҼ»ԭκϮλģǺﶼûбжҲա 
ҳ˻ұȥһǸܵģĳĳ˰ʲģΧתһ񣬲Ҽ档 
ղȻ˺ܶ࣬ȧǶ΢΢¶˳ҿﲻζѵҴŰ 
ߵǰҲסҵۡЦĺ𣿡 
紵Щҵķ˿һƮݵĸоµãֻû뵽Ľ֡˵įĳǡ 
ܲˣЦҪǴ۸㣬 
ƳһۣƮƮȻˡ 
Ҵ˺ܳʱ䣬Żˣ 
Ҳû׷ȥΪͽǾ͸ˣڸתƣ˶ǰͥˣԺǿյģһūѾ߶ûм˳뿪ȺİΧʱ׵ĿռұһƵڼСԺ֮䴩󣬲һᾹȻ߻ԭԼסĵط 
һ֣Ͳ˽ȥ 
滹ԭͼ򵥣һĿȻ͸ϢתһȦҲûʲ£һߵ 
̱ǰͥе㲻Ӧ룬鼮Ҳûʲģֶʱע⵽һǳȻְʲ᲻һˣʲҲ벻ˣΪҵļԭͲãϸϸĹ۲죬뵽ˣԭûģʲʱģ 
ҲŪˡҡԼԴҪǺǡ 
Ŀɱһֻèһ㣬ǿҵġ֪Ǿʲᶼ˲ˣʵ֤ǴģҾͲҲʲᶼûҵй̱ϣҪˣҲֻȥʱһǳ 
ſڵϣ춰ǸصѺӵҵˡۣ˫۷ʵû뵽ҾȻԼʧǽܡ 
Ұ￴˰죬ʧʲѽͲҵǸһܣ˶ˣһͲ 
ûҿ𣬾ææܲ붼ûͰ·ˣСȫӺͼฮҶģˣǿյĴƣ˿Сȫܹ˵ӣСˡΪˡ 
ʲʱˣЦֻߣ¶زˣˣ㲻ýӣǽйӰɡ 
һƲУѾźˣҵӡ˵Ŀңһëһ 
ִҲˣֻصǰͥ 
˵أԭչԴĹľᣬֱӹˣҵء 
Ҵҡڵ߽쳣žĴãһصĹԱҪߵĵˣҪҪӱϲȹȥ̫˵һ£Զÿһһޱȸмҡ֪֪Ҹոյ뷨ֻ롭Ǻǣˡ 
һҲҷӦѾ뻳Уҵ棬׼ȷ˵Ǵ棬Ϊ˶ǵͷģұϣҸɴϡ 
ɫ춺ÿ˵ȥˣ޵ˡ 
ʲõĵģֲᶪҰһۣﻹǸ˵ĺܣ 
·ˡ˵ 
麹ֱðȻԼߴԺˡ 
ҺСȫӵ㣬ķҵ㡭һȻ˵ףҪƽһȴûеˡ 
ҺǺЦˣǻǸϿعɡЦҪô緢ҰķʲӡҴս 
ˣ𣿡ְһЩԸλع˿æȥˣһֱͷĻһЦ⻹ǵһΣһʵڲҿɫһ㾹Ȼ˯ˡ 
ʮ 
ŵ쳣ʳζģſ۾ͿڴͷһĲˣǺǣպöˣҴӴſͳԡ 
ʹĲľǺãɫҲǳζѶ֮ᣬ춻ָ˼ıܣ֪ʲʱģںҲͦˣưյķǳֻǺе壬֪˶ȥˡ 
εʱ춿һӰҵСȫӣģ 
ڽ½Ƕ£˻˳ϻۣ˵ӣûʲᣬʲҲûɡ 
˵ţ浱ǰ׳ѧŻЩӵҲһǰӦſڵһҿҪҪǰˣһ˵ã 
εǳẠ̊́Ƚ϶ԣСȫӵ°ĪĿǰ˳Ϸ 
źӵģݺݵĵǰɪˡ 
ңûУģǲõġСȫӲ˵ 
˭ӵĶ 
ֻһʱ棬ȥȴˡ 
 
˵˵ȥҵʲᶫˣʲᶫ˺ģ뵽ˣҵǸԸܰɣ 
ҳ嵽Сȫߣ˵Ǹǲһܣ 
ۿ˺üת˶£ǣǵġ 
ҵܣ~~ϢˣһΪҲ˵Сȫ˵ 
Сȫսսİԭɶ˵˳ԭǱȨ̫ˡ 
úȥܣʱ֮õϢȴ쳣ʧΪǸֱˡ 
һˣſڴͷüʣˣ 
ܲˡ 
Ҫģת˼ת뵽ʲᡣ 
ҵ˵ͷϣĿ 
ǲͷңϲ֪ʲʱһܣҲһ˹ȥ͵ͷ 
ְʲʱõİҽӹеܿ˿һ㲻̫ȷţϸϸƬ̣ԼģҲ͸߸˵ս· 
ġû˵Ļֱ̽˶ 
һֻëֹȻֿʼĴߣһȴǳĴֱҵĴеʹԵƵİҵĿǻһֻ쳣ѸٵĹӵأҵǰһǺݺ󣬺ʹϧҵĴѾȫռסˣÿһͼ븹С 
һֻ͵ҵĵ׿㣬ס˻ҵķˣҲϼܶĳˡ 
̧۽ޣⱩ¶˸ս 
֪Ϊʲ𣿡İסҡ 
úõģ֪ 
ץסҵ֣ۣΪʲҪһң 
 
ûУҴûҪңҾͲظˣǰ˶ûʲᷴӦˣ 
ߣƭңļǰвͨġ۾ 
ȵȣ۾ȷһ£ȻǺ۾ģ̸ҪðԼ¼ʱ̣룬ĳˡ 
ǿˣǲңģҲҪߡԵ˵ 
ţʲţţ˼˰춻ȻԭŪˣܷǱܣ˵ҵǸǿյģҵġ 
д˲ţֻðεĸ˵һ顣 
ǴķŪģۣ˼ʲᡣ 
дʲ᣿Һú氡blzyzz 
ߺߣԭˣԭˣΧĿͻȻĹޱȣȻתͷҴһЦȡҵ 
ʱҲһܲǳ飬ҵǸ 
ʮ 
Ťһ£ͼעûתƵϾͳзӪһȻսұյһ 
ſҰգˮ۾ 
ǻڹ۲ҵķӦ֣Ȼ˵һҶû뵽Ļϴдֽ𣿡 
 
ʲֽͣˣĿ 
ϴдǸҵĶͫӳֽĵӣ½ɢǰ¶˴ѩ׵ļۺ·ıԵ֣ﰡáҿԼȻˮһء 
üͷ˼£ϵĿˮɾԼͷһ޵ġ 
ȫӿȥعոҵ⣬дʲᶫŶˣƪ֮Ҳʲᣬֽˡ 
ۻͷͳ룬ҵĿǻ˱һᣬ춷ſңǵĺᣬҸоԼԽԽӦˡ 
ӦҪú÷ʡ 
֪Ǹʲ᣿ɻ 
޴ûм˼롣Ŀңһ㷢ëȻ˵Ӧòдİɡ 
Ц£СҲ֪дĳ 
㻹ǵ𣿡 
ȻǺǣұˡҶеڴĿ⣬ɣǽǻᷢġ¾ͱˡ 
˼Ƭ̣Ҳû˵ʲᣬֻһָȻҴս 
ұǺеڴģϾˣ˼ҵˣȻȥıӰҺ޲ȥݺҧϼڡ̫ˣ 
ҧҧ 
˴ϵһ˿ƬƬ 
һҹû˯ãȥȥɫǿҹ˶ĸԸ绨ңûзӦûһ˹ֻһֿܣԸɾ˾ˣҿ϶ˣҲƽҷߺޡһҪǸ˸׽סҰ롣 
ҶèۣѼū˰ 
ӣʲ£ľʡ 
˼˵һҹû˯ãҲֻҡͷ̸۲˪סںڵĲ֣˪ӡ 
ͻȻСȫӴչ˵ӿ϶ΪҹûЪأǺǣ˵˵ĶԲ 
˰׵ֺһ㣬֪ 
ſҶ˵ū쿴ϴȥ֮Ứ԰ĵطȥˣūž͸˹ȥϽ˷ǵкܶūŽȥ˵ȷ˸ˡ 
ȻȻҲÿҲ֪ԼѾܼˣ 
ߺߣһûأⶼСˣ 
ء᱿ءͿкö̫ˡ̫ˡ 
ѵ˱һƯǵڻû˭һƯֿɰġءҳ˲ʲᶼ 
ĬĬǻŭˮ޺޵˵ˣҪҳߡ 
ãӣʲʱߣ˷ܵ˵ܹȥʰˡ 
ᶼң 
Ҹɴһҧ˵ڣ 
ããҲҪһߡһֻҲ˷ܵĽ 
 
죡ҿ̺СȫһѾʰ˺üĶ͵ˡ 
ʵҲ߰Ҳ²ֻ̨˺ƺƵĳ 
ߣߣߣỹһˣ˶ȥˣƽʱûڵϹεЩأʵѲߵĻʹ 
ǱСаʱ˻ûһӰ 
ֱ﹬Ҳ֪ΪʲᣬСȫӵ˵ӣɣǺǣҿóóʱˣ·ر٣ҽ쿴治 
˵һ˶ûмأԭˡ 
ҪǺǣǰ滹кüأʱ䣬ӦܸϹġǰ糯 
ȻһγԵʧܡΪʲԺľú̸һ̫أ 
ҿСȫͳƣ˳İѻʹ˦ᡭᡭҲ̫˰ɡ 
ޱ˳ĳ˻ʹ 
ʮ 
һֱ˵ĸо˵ӵأھľƵİ˷ܵһò͡ 
ӣζ俾ϺҲһһģһһ߹۲ҵɫˣϲСٻ 
ҲжθڵģҰǰ㷭ַȥΪǵһγأӦòȫǣ֪̺Сȫȫ׼˼ƱҪʲʱܻܻ꣬ȥڿҪҪǲעƱ˺ˡ 
ѾˣӦѾϳ˰ɣ֪֪Ҳˣ᲻ҰĬĬڷԴߣȫ˭˱ˡǵģҾҪһҪϲǸˣֲҪˣ⣿УУڻȥҲǺûӣ 
ȥǰѳСɽһߣְڷ 
ͻȻһӰסҵĹ⣬̧ͷȥͿССİﲻ֪ʲʱʮˣ伷ģվӶһ˻ĳˮһվոյСڽʲᣬ̺СȫҲվݺݵĵǸWһ֪ļҵӵܡ 
ǸȻûС˵ʲᣬɫеĽסңĵĸоӽŵðѸոճԽǵĶ˳ 
ѾȱˣڻһյģҴȥС㲻ǡ 
ˣ羰ãҲãүĺܡҵȥһֻëëᣬ˵չ̵סˡ 
ȥ 
СѾͷͦеʶģүҿɲϲһ͵ģ֪˭𣿡˵껹ǺЦر̶ 
ŶǵϾһˣû뵽Ҳܼʶ˰Ļ˵ҪֵϷҸеأûд⣬ĿῴҰɣЦ˭ 
ӡ̵ĵĻͷҡ 
Ҳ˭㻹ǸϿȥĺáɨһۣҵķ 
ɫеתɺߺߣӲСϲҰèˡ 
ҰèˣһվôĵӡҾˣῴⷽƵҪǴ찡Ҳһͷͷȥ 
һģȻЧ˶˺óʱ䣬þЩ˻ָ֮ᣬһӿϣץסˡ 
ʵûʲᷴҵֱᣬ°ͱǸζУɫɫĵ͸Ưˣء 
ѲίҪɣ˶˵ƯˣȻȥұˣΪʲûң 
һ˾Ȼ챻˾¥ûһ£ԶԶģͷӦòСҳʹĿڱϣոձˤĲᡭ 
ءӣǵĴܿˡСȫ߿޵ 
ܹأֻ˵öѡ 
һʱӣһׯ԰ֱš 
̾е 
ʲ᣿ɻʣȷ֪¡ 
ǵϵ׾˾ˣӦڷأլӦûסˣ£ȻҲ֪ 
ܽɡСȫ˵ոץǵӦĵӣֹˣ˵˷ǳɫȻˡ 
һַǳõĸоӳȥأ 
ۣͣ£ұһ䵥ε档ԭȰסҵҲ⿪ˣ˲٣ȴãȻĺܣ֪Ҫ죬ϡ 
ǺǣûСҰèֹ߽ 
㻹ǿߣȻҵ˵ 
Ȼʲ᣿ǺǣΪһСӣߣĿҾŵı顣 
֪˭ 
ǸгΪԼǸšǺǡҲֻѣǰٸı㻹ģǶ͸ˣҿͦ˳۵ģɣԹԸңҴһ 
Ҵ㵵ĿУĻʲᶼ֪תͷȥ 
ˣҲ벻ͨҸһʱ䣬ҿǵһԡ֮ǰҵһ£Ȼһˣ 
ĬĬĿŹϣߣҽϾߣأ  

ʮ 
Ҵӣֻûʲߵķֻһܸߵ촰̫ˣҲȥĵĴתƣһȤһߡ 
ʱһѾͣǲԵģǿǵҪԼҲͽ˼ڣ⼸ڷ㺦ҡ 
ճûʲоģֱһʱ֮ᣬȫȣžòҲ̫ףҲܲµ϶˴ҩˡʹ࡭ 
ҰǿԼ£üӴĿȻȶ½һЩƽȺҪҩµĲܸ࣬һʱӦþͺˣҲϰʾԼû¡ 
Ǿʱֹƿ˽ڴϵң۷⣬ǺЦܵǰ 
˵˵һ쿼ǵ𡣡ѹ· 
׼ҵҶ㿪ˣŵϴһŨŨľζЦĵֻѣûأʲѽˣ۾ɨȫӣò˰ɡǺǣҪҲģֻСè 
ҪˣְԼң㱰޳ܣõֶΡ 
Уҿʲᶼûֻ˲֪ҵĹǰķˣ㿴ҶãˣǺǡ 
˵־ڲӣһ¾ͱԭҵ·ͱҳֽ࣬£ҿɲҪң̧žȴץסˡ 
Ǻǣü۾ޱȶĵĺ⣬´Ѿ볨أЦȻѹϲҽҲҪúˡ 
ʣſҡҲ˳һţǽߡ 
һϴҵ˫֣ڴͷѹҲ󶯵ϣǺǣWˣܹݣѵá 
ҿԽԽзŻȴûа취ȫ̱ɺ޵ǣȻĴ𣬵ץסҵʱѾȫû˷ˣŪȻкҵ 
մҺִҵѨʱȫһ벻ˣứ˳̫ίˡƾʲҪʹ࡭ 
ˣиõĶءħЦݣǰȻҿһҩ衭ɡҲҪҧסԼ촽 
۹һɨҲûãɲСԵģŶǺǡ˵һĶȻ˽ָһֱ͵СѨҵĸˣֻĳڲ䶯ҩȾȻѸڻҵڣһָѨڽ 
갡СѾˣҪҪҺúιιɫеĶסҵ棬ָһϢأ֪ոշŽȥĿ϶ǺصĴҩȫȣѨޱȣĺҪԲǰ˵ġ 
ʹ۴ֹһҡ 
Ҫˡ涵ĿֻһƭңߺߣΪһϵ𡣡 
Ȼ˼ɵģָҵѨ˳ΧҴתڿգȡʱֻǺٵģأ 
ںץһץ죬Է񡭡 
һʱһӵİ׷˰Ÿ߿ˣ˳˹ֹףݺˤ˵ϡ 
һж̫Ѹ٣ҶûӦɫѾſڵϲܶˡ 
˭׷һӰҰãһϳףκӽ 
ľ˾һȻ 
ǲˣҪлأð亹ҪʱϵҾײˡ 
ҿֹ˳ȥڳ֮ǰ˵һ仰»ᱣӵģ빫ӷģǲùӻصߣ빫Ӷסա 
ҧģ˵ҪңһǸлɫǴˣȻῴűϣȻ 
ˣΣҲǽˣڵ졭Ҳڱϲȥ˺ֻԼˡ 
ʱݶϴϤϤ̧ͷϿÿ촰ֳһŵҲ㱳ȥͿǸˣʲᶫȻһʧӰȥǸҲһҩ衭 
˰죬ӦòʲᶾҩɣӦǽҩɡˣһȥȴԺ˯˹ȥ 
ʮ 
ڶҲʶҹĲʲҩһҩҲҩ裬ɶȹ˱ӦʮѰļʱ 
ſ۾ʱѾǵڶˣ̺СȫҲ֪ʲʱ͹չң߿޵ġ 
ӣءǲ۸ˡء˻һһ͵ġ 
Ϊұֹ۸˰ɣΪϵ·ȫˡ 
û£ֹûóѣˡҰο 
ģ̫ˡһ߲һ߰ʰ· 
ոհװãܼҾǰᵽһͥԺ 
һСıԺõķǳСɣȻͥԺȫɣ֪϶֪жҲ׵ǣүҹﵽΪʲᣬѵΪӹ컯ǿҸеУ 
Ӧòİɡ 
Ҳ벻ףеסѾˣ֪ûҰҶûټǸʲᶼʲ̺СȫҲһֹò׳˻ʹû뵽 
ǰǰҲģˣǸ촰˭أ˯ʱҶĿ촰ǸӰһֱûгֹ 
ᣬ̸ҽЦͻȻͨ˵үˡãҲŪأΪʲﲻŲʵġ 
үӵĿ粽ò񣬵κӡ 
ҿɵ𣬻үɰãЦ۱ҾÿҲЩŤ 
ϷѹӰ˰ɣˬʵһЦʲյĿģҲһĵҿһֱҵ½ǡ 
֪үǲʲң˵װɣûҲȥתתˣʵĵĺܰҵ˵۾һֱˣʲỨ 
ϵǣЦ˵ӻǴȫģ㲻֪ƣҪóȻȥ 
ŶھʲˣߣҲŲĻأ϶ˣرˡ 
ϷֱˣңѾʹ˵ĿľǹأһڿҲͨ㰡 
ͨƭˣ϶ǱҶѣңҾͲ֪ˡתתүʲ˼ҿɲүΪҵİΣ롣 
ȷϷǲĹǻϷֻңܿһС 
ˣҿʲᶼûΪʲҪ˵ 
ĻɱԴùսң㲻ǻʲᣡѩľӣ 
Դ춡 
㡣 
ңҲʲᡭ 
Ҳǻʴ 
֪ˣٽҲûá 
һһԼĺ׼죿 
һüͷϷҲ˺ܾãͨˣȻңʹعϷ飬ȥ㻹ǻңĻʴһգңͳĻʵۣҲûҪ̰ͼڵȨ 
̰ͼȨ 
ʲʱߣ˼ǲҪӳȥܿΪ㣬ҿɲ뱻˰ڲȥʲңҴӦ˵ǲȥġ 
϶ĵϣӺúʰūȥңʹϡ 
죿ѵҪȥ 
ת֮ǰͻȻ˵ˣϷ˸߹ˣңһҲﾩˣҪȡͷģԼҪСġ 
ȻȻˣ˲֪Ǻá 
ӣ죿Сȫһŵĵ 
ʰɡĵҲֻһһˣϵ⣬ܲ׸ 
ҲֻнУԩԩȥҶΪһġİ榵ڶˡ 
ʱһһıҲԭתʮȦУҲȥңᶼȥ 
ʱע⵽һˣһ޼ݵ԰ģˣȻһֱͷ֦Ҷ޼֦ܻƳۣҿɲΪ͵ҵò෴ڿҵĽš 
ûҵĽš£ 
ҵͷȥûʲ᲻Եİ 
Ū׵ʱһת׼ȥǰͻȻһ̧ۣ죡촰ˣⲻǱˡ 
һûڣѾȥŴ 
60 
˼ǲʲỰҪңʾʾȥҲװڿҪҵģܻңҲһİˡ 
һܽϸϸһ½ţϴǰɫѥûʲģѥҲãûʲ 
ˣҲֻģû˼ 
´ѥӣѾѶʰˣվһĨ᣺ӣҲߡ 
֪ҲߡҵοȻͷɫԽԽˣصĿеϢĸоǿһȴ 
Ƹյϣֹ״һߴ·ǧҲû뵽Ȼңηĸߣ 
ֹ׿ҵû¶ʲı飬·ǰǸʲҲûзһ˵ҲᣬĬĬ׼õһ·λƵĴ˰ʱ 
˵ߵ죬Ҳ͵˰ɣѵڰ·ͣںڰƿ̫ˣʲҲֹ׺ͼѵļҶڽ̸ЩʲᣬͻȻңһֳʲ˰ɡ 
ߵԣҵѾʪˣҹ򶨵ʣ᲻ˣǲǳʲ£ 
ǺһЦû£ֻǺңʹסոתˣԭĵطѾ͢ΧˡڻûյϢתƵȥˡ 
Ǻǣԭģ̫ˣʱûңˣҺÿİ 
ߣǻȥֺǺǵҪתͷ 
ЦĿģͻȻֵѾ˰Χˡ 
ΧûпӰںĵȷʲҲ˵Ļǲأϣ˵ģڿɽͷȼ˻ѵĹ컭ʱҾϣ˵Ǽٵˡ 
ڶ࣬ʮ˼м䣬ԵǶСһ߸̾һ˼Щʲأ 
ûˣûˣҪȻòأıǣüۣĴÿֳһ飬ǷĻĶƷ죡ˣΣΣ 
ˣȻ죬ˣȻȻˣķǵסĿ϶ҲһˣǺûƣҲ֪ΪʲˣҾߣǳĺÿ˵𡭡ءҺÿ 
ҺһʵˣǺ󻹴춱ΧеŶҵ𣿡 
ڻӳ·ĺ⣬ԽԵWˣ㡣 
˭ҺѾɳմ״ļȥûʲãѾȫ˵ʲˡ 
˭ҸҪһʶ߰ǵģӾᡣ 
¡Ц˵ 
ʲӣЦЦҲиоģ˵һûȤأ֪ 
ʲ᣿ҿعֹףûã˰ɡ 
ɫת˲ͱˣס˵㲻𣿡 
ԽԽᣬϸƬ̣ȻȻ졣ȻƲƲء 
㵽˭Ǹʲ᣿Ҵ 
ȻĪĳͿԭվӰһΣѾҵĸǰһƾ˦ҸϽ۾죡£ 
žһصҹУ֣һ㶼ʹȻСոջ˰ 
͵͵ſ۾Ϳߵֹײ֪ˣſڵϣ˺˵˭ῴģ 
ң°ոհİ 
ȻᣬһЦҵСʱ򻹼ģ᲻ǵˣȻ˵ģʧˣ㲻Ҳ֮ĳŵɡ 
һ治˼ʵһˣκǺˣûʲܸ˳ŵŵǸģҵȷʧˡ 
ҲܣһңӦҪѻλӸҵģɲܷڡ߹ҪңҶԶԶģȵȣҸոտ϶ˣˣǺǣҵĶǳⰡҶ㵽桭죡Ҳ 
㾿˭ҪҺòãҵܲ˵ġҾͲӳȥˡ 
̫ңҲְ˹㽫ĻᣬعģǺǡ 
ԭ˼ĸڵеأ֪Ϊʲҿˬˣ࣬Ϊʲ᲻ῴȽϽWˡ 
ص㲻صѾ˫ϣֹ׾ȻûĵİʽƽңǴԼ˻ˣ̺СȫҲȺҷֿһ 
61 
ȥǱ߹ԹáָðԹҵң 
òŪԼĶĵм㣬Ҫúûش𡣡 
˹Ȼһ˲һͷԵ÷ǧЦ 
˵ɣ֪ʲ᣿ 
㲻ң̫𣿽һȥ𣿡һֱǣȻѾѡˣҰҲ鷳 
ֻǴεİҿɲʲʵۣһ˼ûУҾ͵ȢءĽ˸ϲõĹâ 
Ҵսѣֲ̰ͼɫˣ˵һ㣬ϲ͡е鶼ˡ 
Ҫһġǰƶ硣 
Ǻǣǲˡֿ˼֡ 
ڵҲĹ۲ھǵˣֻ֪ǰѾҪԴˣֻһССЦȾ¶ɷۺɫˣء˭ȾҰ 
ֲǵһΣҸʲ᣿ʰ쵵亹һء 
ǵһΣǵһΣ 
ҵԴ仰˰ŪףԭκѾ 
һعʱѾҵڳˣ˿ҵеǺЦ㻹Ǻƭƭġ 
ԭƭҵģˡ 
ҽɲϴߡ˵ͻȻǰŴ󣬺ÿĴһҵĶͷ 
һȫûǣһСӣҽŵ˲٣ܻҵһӰɣҰҵʱůʪĴͻȻҵıҧסҵĴݺ˱ҾʧҪƿ˫޹ǵȴ쳣ץסҵѹڳϣɨҵľѣʪȵݵķ϶̽˽ҵĴС࡭ 
ò׷ſҵʱҴڴڵĺתһֱסҵÿһζأ治ͣ 
ҺݺݵĵΪȻЦЦټɣѾˡ 
ȻͣһҾͳһҼң 
㶵Ŀһ˴Žةฮж˲Ǻܶ࣬󲿷ֵڰ·ͷɢˣֱ˵ĴҲǰһвʵġ 
Ⱥң˼䣬һֱûۿһۣȻ˾סްһ£ץʻҿᡭ 
Ŀһֱûб䣬ֻɵȻͷҲصˣҲ񵽵ǽʲ˼ˣӦǴңͨŵĶɣҾúۣһֱ˵ĸоԭ˱ʹܵһ鰡أҲһֱûйκϢǲҲһͲµ˻һң 
ĬĬңңһܿµ뷨ǾĬһңģһ˶ҺˡءȲұߣȥǸǵǸˡء 
ҿ޵ģҲûע⵽ǰѾұһңҷڴϣ־ҵ·ԺڲֱһѹĿ㻹Ҫ𣿡ߣƾʲͿбˣҲҪŵһΡ 
ҴչȥɬңW촽Ҳû뵽һͻȻһѹ棬ȥұѾ·ѩ׵ļӡϵ̺죬еȫ˳ 
ҵĴҧ°߰ߵĺۼϴεĴҩвֲҵһҵȵܡҲܾȣԼȻĺϾ壬ҵŪ²һͦ͸Һ塭 
ҵɢֵĸоУͻȻһԼĿںסҵʪȵĿǻȫ 
ˡĿ˳ס͵˱£Ҿֲ֧סĿС 
Ҵﵽ߳ı飬ȻѿеľҺϣѨ̽˹ȥұס뵽Ѿˣʵڲ˼ҲҲĺָ׾ͽˣҷԼСѨĳ̶ȣ̧ķ׼Ѩڲ˽ 
ʵᣬһֱȵӦĴ֮ᣬſʼ鶯ҵҵҡڣҵһƬհףȻԭʼķӦ˫Ȳڵе㡭 
λľеڣѾ̱ڴϣȴϴҵﳷһֻķִ˼֣ȵҲסҶ˵һΣò 
ڶεײ£ָ߳һΣȻǰһڣ˹ȥ 
62 
죡춼ʲˣҺںܵγī֭ˡ 
۾Ϳĳצϣ˯ģƿһָͷҶӷԼΪҾ;ͷΣ 
Թ԰˺ð죬ĳֻۣĵĿҵĺͫһЦ磬Ǻǣһ˵ִҵĴһɨ 
ˣҪˣ㻹ȷſҰɡŬŲԼĽ 
ˣ˯ɣ϶۵ˣǺǣҪһ˯˵˵ֻƵֲصĴ 
⻹˯ץסë֣͵죡ʹᣡʹҹ͹ȵĵطҵ֧סԼ˰߰ߵǺۣҹķŵƵۡ 
Ϻܸɾû»ĺۼһ˯֮Ѿϴˡ 
ԥҪҪ´ʱңͻȻ˹סңԭǳɵɳƵĵҪߡ 
ҵĿһ֪˵ʲᣬͻȻĿһ߿ޣһ߿ҵҲܣҪ𡭡 
ȿʼæң֪ԭˡ 
ҿվűߣǴ󿪵ģв¶֪ҹʲ顭 
Һԩ챻ѹǸҺòáҶûҪءǣǣ 
ͺʶȤ˳ȥתڱԹеңˣˡ blzyzz
ĨĨ滨ӣΪЦǵı棬ˣ˯ᡣ 
ȫʹҲҲûѹϣüĿϸϸҵı飬ȻЦڣɲұŶ 
֪ϲ᣿ҲκЦҲһ 
㱾ͲκЦ尡ңģǺǡ 
Ҳ˼Ҳ˵׵ģҿЩƤģңҲ֪˵ʲᣬͻȻ˵Ҳ֪Ҳϲڵ㣬ǰкܶµӣʹھͺãһˡ 
Ҳʲ¶ϣǺ°ɣҿȵЦգҲ࣬һȫûʲõĵģҳ˳ǣԼǺۣԺĲ˾ 
ѵʱѾǻƻˣһ˯ĺþãԱߵλҲˣҵĶӶĹУһ춼ûгԹأһǵõĺ̴ҴҸ˽ӣˣ 
˺ҶˣʲԵû 
һˣʱͻȻӣ£ūҲö죬Ҹһ𳤴ģʵ˵䡣 
ѵĿңĺܣûϵʲ˵ɣҲġ 
ӣϲң𣿡 
һûкú 
ӣҪң𣿡 
Ҳȥ 
ǣӣүѾңӼƻ֮׼ңˡ˶٣ͻȻ˵䣬ӣҪߵĻūҲҪһȥ 
ÿ죡˺ܳʱ䣬˵ĻҲûע 
㾿ڸʲᣬᶼңҾҪˣ֪֪ 
ģҲû˳Էſڴ̾ 
ͻȻ뵽ˣûСȫӣʵ̣Сȫأ 
һ㶵֪Ҳûˣ֪ȥˡ 
ŶҲǻػʹˡȵȣᡭӦû֪ڸʲˡһЩڴֺڴգֱң߽ҶĲɵġ 
ҵĳЦѾ˸Сˡ 
ʲʱңҿ 
֮ᣬˣѾڲȡжˣٲߣܻΣգҴеĿѾﵽˣǺǣǻȥס 
ҡ 
֪㲻ߣһǻߵġЦ绨ȴܼٶ˵ʲᡣ 
ϣңûк˯һ𣬾ҪҴʱĳҶú£ҪǴ缰ʱ˳ȥҽҲˣҿڴϣͷ촰⿴ǡ 
ţˣǸˣǸҲǳ촰ϵǸˡ 
ͻȻһתۣѾûӰҵ亹һʱӴһˡ  

63 
˵ûмһ˫۾ȴҷǳӡӦþǰμǸˣڴͬʱҲڿңſڴϵģѺе㲻 
˵ѩһɨҵȫȴûκζ⡣ͻȻơʲ˼ҿ㵸˰Ҳûס 
һ飬Ҳ֪ŵ˼Ұ·ãȥ 
ҴҴ˼ף׷ǰӰ뿪˷䣬Һûҵԥ󲻻˵Ҫȥأ 
ԽԽƫƧҹɫ̫Ѿˤ˺üˣǰǸ˻ͷҲصǰϣҿĿǿϡ 
ǰԽԽĺڰеˣ֪˭ʲͼҾððʧʧĸҺԽԽˡ 
û೤ʱ䣬ɴͷȥ˯Ҳȥ·ʱͻȻסҵ䣬ϵһķϺܾõͤ 
ҿѯʣͻȻʵһеһʯͻȻˣ¶̨ףȻʲܵǺܺһðգߵҲһһߡ 
ҽҪȥҲңһֱȥжʮ༶̨׵ӣǰȻʣһʮܵǰҸеֵǺҲûе֮Ķأ 
߹ȥĦǽҲףǽǶ˺ܶϸСҹ顣ݳ޵Ŀ԰֪ҼﻹһܵءǺǣûǮҹˡһ߱ǰߣһҹӣҪءǺǡ 
ܵ˿ӣǰҲһҲխ˴һңһţԥǰתתûԿװɡҺûԿ׻𰡡ѵŵġҲûʲÿİ 
ͻȻǰ̽һᣬ 
ҵ췭˿ʵʲҲûУʧҡҡͷʲ˼Ȼȫ˺ðһһĶкܶĿ׶׼ŲʯͷһҲΪҸûעʲᣬžͻȻˡ˺ְ 
Ǻģʲᶼͬҽȥ۾Ӧ˺ܳʱ䣬ҲȻķﾹȻηȻİ軹ܹ˵ҲֻͳηںڰʱĺȫëҲȥˣҪȥҲֲ˵־ҵľ£ұ˹ȥ 
ԼһӰڼ׵ĴϣҵĽǸӰӺڰ죡ǷˣҪء 
ʱĺú¡뵽ԼļֲƬ߻һˡһӱȼˣʱҿ˵Դ 
УһΡ 
ءҵĴҲҪӦñֵùͶ̥תҪҡءһĿ 
һû˵
Ҵַ͵͵˿ȷǸˡѾᶼйˡỹ 
Ǻǡ볰ЦҰɡ˵ҲӦһȷǷҷǳ⣬ֵҲȥģ㻹߰ɡǶǸ˵ġ뵽˭ˡ 
һ䣬ءǹȾ֮ǰҲϤǱʶΪѾˣԲûϳûв´ĻҵĽţʵҿŵϻְɡһһʹǵĶյʱء 
֪ΪʲˣȻԴ뿪ҿЦԴˣǲģҲֵڶֺαأ뿪ͲأչȵΪ㸶㣬ͿԵ֪𣿡 
Ⱦҵ·ΪòֵԴûаϣûĻһʴ֮ˣֵãȻչȵһòλᣬǰȴϧ 
˵ʲûõģҪԼҴȻǹȾʧߣֻԴɡ 
Ҳ£һʼҲû֪˼ת׼뿪Ц˸ҿԴӿ˳ûʲ飬ֻ˵ˣ˰ 
ȻҲû˵һ仰 
Ҷһˣ߳˵صʲҲйصˣҹˡǳáҲǵ·ȥ 
ٻȥ棿̫ðɣ˼ӦȰɡ 
Ҷڿд˺ü 
ںڰԴУȻ졭ˡձȾ˺ɫ 
ʮ 
ƺܴҸԶͿһҡҡ׹ѭķȥʱſڲˮеңûнһӿֻǰ⼸ӿҪΪҽˡ 
תתĶǼӶˣһһָܹӣԺ࣬һֱûпˣƵǰʱ춿Ҵˣߵһںˣ 
ҿ˰ŷǸ𿾵ĺں˭ңֺǺǵ߹ȥ׼úóЦһߵǰûʲᷴӦǵĿһֱܵһѰʲᣬƽǿĴ綼û⵽Ѿվˡ 
ǺǣǣĴ˳־˴һ£ʱ羪㵵תңһ±˼䣬ǻָӡ桭 
ˣ˶ûµվء絭˵ 
ңںת֮ҲҴǶ׵·˳ƾͰ˹ϰϵĻҶɾ˲˵ȥˣˡ 
ˣĪĿ 
ղɾֺһûӶ챻ոɾˡ 
ѵסĵطٿ˿ΧĻǵŶǺǡ亹˳ա˹ȾҴȥˡҪȻǺǡ 
ɵЦǡ־ͺݺһ£ˣˣҰԼֱۡ 
벻ͨҳȥʱǺúõģкһ˯ѣءȵȡ̡졭 
̣أҽе 
ңһ۵ȳˣڱĵطϢȻſϣ·ϲ䣬ᶼҲ㣬ˣ¶ҹˣ˵ոȥˣ 
¡ܴȥ 
˯䡭Ǻǡ㿴ҹɫ̧ͷ졭 
˯ܳ䣿Ҳšѩĺͫӵҡ 
Ǿ򼱣éޡ 
ʲСǾǡ 
ûзŹҵ˼죿亹ֱҪҪȾԴأ 
ȵĵط̫ˡĴǵĶԻ磬лл㰡 
ãֵļʱûԱص֮ᣬոָӵǸܹܾ籨 
˵ͷûʾ˾ˡ 
֪˭µ֣Ӧúңйϵо 
ҿ˿ң뵽ү˵Ҫҵͷѵˣһ쵽ةฮˣ 
˭ȷģʵ 
ȻҡǺǡԱߵң 
ҹʵǣǵңҹ֮ǰҵĴʱĿֲӡ 
һˣҶˣովȥˡǲǻȥˣ 
С뵽ȥˡ룬ֵ磬ǲʲңԴǼ¡ 
ͻȻһûУˣҾʲᣬҲǲ֪ĺá 
°ˣҲǺܹǵģֻҪҶĺúõľˡ 
ңקקҪһȥ˯룬ٸһǸԸ˲ɣ˵Ҫȥ̣ȻҲƵˣֵҲû׷ 
ְҿ˿ᡭȷûӰ룬ǺҰ͵͵˻ȥڴ͵ 
𣿡Ҵһɻ 
˵ңеءǺǡ 
ʲᰡȥҲûнһǹԹԻطˡ 
Ҳ̫ˡ˵벻顣 
ҵĶ 
ߣ㲻ǻ𣿡ң 
ʲãһ˶ѡһҵϣʲ˼ 
Ǻǣһ˻ץġң̶ֵ᲻ȥĶȻ 
ʱ򡣡絭˵ 
ӶֻԼոաո˵ľʲ˼ʲˡˡˣ 
Ҳ 
̱ڵϣУᱻֵġվڵȥ 

ʮ 
òڵӣʵոյĵطҲǺԶ͸һСţĺˮ춸ո˻Ѿȥ࣬ĬĬƿţĿСȫӣں̵Ĵͷ˯𾢡 
ҵĽŲһ˹۾˲ˮ̶˵ֱӣҺû¡ءҪµĻūϽ 
һ㶣æ͵ˣˣ˵ 
ûû¡æƳͷֻǵӡ 
ƭˣΪʲ¶ңոյ£еˡ 
˿ҵɫͨһڵأͷūţūǡˡ̻δѣ̫ҽ˵ 
˵ʲ᣿ᣬ 
̫ҽ˵½ٲѾ͡û˵ȥ 
пհһƬѵ˵ҵľ£ҴƬ̣Դ˼·࣬ǲ֪ɣСȫ˵ҪعȥҪܵĻȥ 
ͻȻΪЦҾ֪ӻ˵ 
̻˯㣬ûİѣҸСȫ˳ȥ춸ոյʧ𣬸Ľ䱸࣬СȫӺҲϤ·±ܹ˼ѲߵˣһǾͳةฮһ·ֱʹķ 
һĶǸȾܵҵĶѾҿҪˣ̧һֱǰ·Сȫӡ 
ȻʹŻмƫƧսǵʱͻȻӺڰдܳӰʰԲͰΧһǽߡ 
ҿ˿ǣ½׳壬һ֪ʲҲû˵СȫҲŵվԱߣǼдͷӵһ˵κӣ롣 
˼һҪ£λˡҵЦ˲ӡ 
˲ûжСȫͻȻҳһѩĶ̵ڻֱָҵĲʵҴӸովһֱȴʱһֻӭȥץס˴̹ĵһֳֻյĵַͬ˹ȥ 
ʱĸոպã˸ûӦеСȫ㵵ĵɴ۾ֻһ֮䡣Цڿ𣿡 
õֻѾѪܣҲʹûбֳһ㾪ţСȫӵľϣֻһ׵ľҾͿȡ 
˺ݺݵĵң˵һֱĬСȫӵʲʱʼҵģ 
ʲʱأϳβᵭĵһС̫ʱͽһͨС̫ڻʹةฮȥ磿 
ԭ硭ǺǡһСˡЦһԭĵɤȫ̫ͬļϸ 
ҪȥʹǱңȻҰѵ뼸֣ѩ׵ľ϶ʱ˼˿Ѫ 
ͲǸҵ̧ۿ˿ǰһֱľͷƵļ˵ 
ᣬǻңԼأüЦ 
֪˭һ 
ֻ֪ǸոտǼ˷ǿɫ£ʱҲֻǽŵĴҶһ¡ 
Ҳ֪˵ 
û뵽ңĻЦ 
ֻǺҵĴڶѣʵǸңҲµûǻŵİɣҲֹ֪ͨץҵģҡ 
ߣĻʵҲд̵ġЦںڰУҲڵˡ 
ҵҪ˺ҵ˵һֱأǺǣҲû뵽ˣһ㵽ȥˡǺǡÿһǴҪˡǺǡ 
ͻȻа֣ѪҲĴЩһ㶣ȴ˵ͲɱҵģǺǡǲҪٳˡ 
ǰֺγ֪Լ²ֻ֣Ƕѣɿһֱյذף뿪ľȴĿ׼ǼˣתڰҹҳԾұĿı㣬ҵüƻһˡ 
Ʈɿ⣬ͻȻֵĻʵۻûңľңģüס 
˵ѾʧˣӰ١ 
ҿеϻѪֱһֳѪڣȻţʹųȥ 
ϵǻʹ֮Զõһһٽ൱ߵ˸·һ·൱ɭϣһ˳Ľĸ 
Ҳһ죬æҽݡһͿŵһŨŨĿɬҩζһһǰߣ͸Ļ춼 
԰׵ľϰϵڿϣ΢΢˿á 
ʮ 
ߵǰĶͷ¶ҲպãĦ춷ſһֱվһԵ̫ҽ 
£ʵ 
ϮҺҪλȽԶֻѪ࣬ԡһ̫ҽ˵ 
ʲ᣿Ӧò򵥡 
жֵûмֶֻǱڲûзūҲ֪죬ҺûʱûΣասս˵ 
ҵͷ£֪һֱסҵ֣¿ȥŷָոѪѾˣһЩۡЦϴһ£ҩͿĨ˺һᣬϸϸĹһɴ 
ᣬ˳ȥ 
ֻʣҺˣڴϸĴɫ԰ףоһЩ⣬˵ľ󻹲˯ˡ 
һᣬɫѾףû뵽һϹûǾĶǣ˿̺һжҪˣҿǰˣЩ𣬲뾹ȳѪˡ˺ܳʱ䣬춻Ͽ£廹Ǻ˰ 
Ժľ˯˹ȥ 
ߺʲᶫڶһҵ˯ߡᡭǰһ˫ںڵͫļף۽ݺܳ΢΢Ķˣ뿪һҵľ룬ҲŻҲŵҵ֣еʹʵĸо 
˶ãȻҵҲңǲǿˣȥˮ˳ȴ޷ȫ 
ְؿڵ㻹ǺúϢɣ֪֪˯˶ˣ 
ҿ˿ɫͰڣѾ˯ˡ˵кǵĺ͹ǡ 
ã˵ء 
㰡һġϧҡͷ 
ʲ᣿ЦȻͷѽļѡ 
û˵˫ֽסңеѣȻҪң 
ҿı飬ֻһɬҺң 
ߵĻȴԽҵĴëĸŪѡ 
֪Ҫ˵Ҳȫûյİʱһ޴ĺӡ 
ҵҪγѪͷɳǼءҺǵΪʲ᣿ 
ˣǷǵصǸˡһƲڷǵʲˣϾȥˡ 
һ㶣ȻЦõ˵Ϊҹ˭ 
֪ 
أص氡εĵ 
ȻҲһĸоԼھξһֱԣԭǴˣұŤʣû°ﰡˡ 
治֪װͿ 
вҴ磿ǲԵġҵ 
ұúġͻȻתƻ⣬һʱûзӦֵǣһҾˡ 
ֱ۽§סңҪԼһ 
ҸͲϲǸңƵ˵Ҳ֪ûС 
Ҳңġ˵˹ʪʪɬģŨŨҩζ 
ԽƶҵľѵʱѾӶʽĿҧˡͻȻǶһ㶣ȴ޷ 
ɵЦ˼£ӵһ 
˯ˣƭҵİɡ 
ǰĵ 
֪Сȫǡ 
֪ 
㡭û 
˵أ 
᲻֪Ϊ㲻Ҫˡ 
ᣡĺҵϡ 
һĵطůˣһ뵽ǼҾ͡Һң 
ҪᣬԶҪֵȻҲټֻԴߣҲȥ 
ҹԹԵĵ˵ͷȻ档 
ʲ᣿˴̣Ҳ 
ֻǿѡҿĿ 
ģ 
ģ 
˰ɡ 
 
ڴ죬һңǲǻңȥˣҲܲرĽմ粽룬ʵҲ壬ϰĲҲ춿˱̵˿ڣȴһɫ˿ڣѪѾֹסˣ𽥿Կ⣬ǵ˰ȴĿĺܡ 
ղĶûң֣֪ʵǺģر˯ʱǰҹǰҲϵ˿Ƿѿ 
գ춱ȥǵˣҹԹԵĸᣬಽ˽ȥ 
ϵȷ棬һһƽĿ߽ҲûУֱ߹һӰ 
ˣ㻹ҲɣЦ 
ûᡣʵᣬڿĲκ˿Ұ 
ʮ 
ûʲʾ˵㲻Ҫʲ¾Ϳ˵ɡЩ˸ק 
һ£ǿ˿ǰ棬ûʲ仯üͷ΢ҡ 
ӡ䵭Ĵ 
֪ΪʲᣬܾЩΣͻȻҵӣһԵԱµᶼңġ 
ҿӺûв죬Ҳ˵ҳȥ˼죬Ҳ֪סڹҪ֪ͻˡʱҿޱϬססҵ䣬ʶÿ֣ȴʲᶫһš 
Ҵ 
ˣտʲᶫͻȻҵĻ 
ǰҵһܶˣᶼҲһ㿴ûˣҵʱˡ 
ᡣ˵ 
ȻͿʼֻǸʱûעѾɹתҵעסʲᶫ 
ˣҿǰֱŤˡ 
û£ΪʲҪȥ棬ʲÿġĳһɫ˵ 
ʵǸոһ̬ǳܵĸ죬Ȼˡȴرĸˣûʲᣬ㻹ǰ˰ɣҪҴ 
κЦҳҪʰ˵ 
ʵֻ֪˵˵ѣҪԴ粻ͻȡжˣϵڣҲӦǷǳϧġЦȫûбҪץ棬㻹˽Ҵ㡣 
֪ʲᣬԭҲֻ˲֪Ҫңܲ˵ͰȦڻҵΪ㶼ִʧˣᱨѽ 
һۣ֪ĹˣһкܶûŪףǸСȫӾȻңľ 
Ѿ˲ˣԭСȫѾˣ˵Ŀĺпң̫ӡֵңʵѾΣңҪˡ 
Ĭһᣬ˵˵ȥʵҲûҶ£ҰģЦǲȷʵ 
ʲ᣿ 
ҲǸո˵𡣡 
û˵һ㡣 
Ҫҵ 
Ұ㡣ںڵȫҵӰӣҺһ͡ 
 
վͺƽе쳣ˣһԼ壬ʱҲǵܣʱǱǿߣĵĿۡ 
һԣ߽ˣһȻүҲңһľһ˵Ļʱȴ֪Ǻãֻһԣûпȴϵ˵ϺͻӦдˣ֪ѡû 
ҵ°ˡҵģ£ 
ҿʮа˾Ÿйأȴûʲ飬ӻһʾɣڹؾͳˡ 
Ǿѡ¶ʮ˰ɣǻƵաԭʹ׼ȫģӦļʽƵ˵ 
ãһоʾ˵˼ˡĵĿתңЦһ¡ 
ʱ¶ʮ˷֮ᰡÿ졭 
˴Ҵ̶һЩˣҲûиһ¾ȫˣȻҲܸˣе飬Ҳδ˳Ҳˡ 
ү˳鷿֮ᣬҲܵʵҲ̫ˣ㶼ûиһ¡ 
ſҵ۾Ӧ빬ˣϵڣǵȲˡ 
죬ϣҲ˵ʲᡣ 
һֱڹУҲȷʵ֪澿ʲ£Ҳ֪ңˣֲҪĺܡ 
һȴͷһΣԼᱧ嶼ıұ۾ұ鷿߻ص 
ķڴϣǵ߽֯һ˫һԴϴǶûԷڼԽͣһҵ·Ѿȥ˴룬ڲ֪նģڴ·رѵġ 
ͻȻҵ֣ʵѾˣֻһǳǳĵӡĴ³˿ŪҳԳԵЦŪˣ֡ 
ᱧģͻȻ̧ͷ۾Ѫɫġ 
ľȴѾѹ£ҵ򦿪ʼһһĿҧһһӡҪÿһطҵġϢ˵Լ·¶ûȫָӡ 
68 
ɼӡǶǰ쳣Ŀ˿Ѿ˴룬ǹһײƿĹӣϸϸ۲Ƭ̣Ц˶ûкأˡ 
ҽǰָüëϸߣûãҪһ²֪Ȼҵ˫ֱָ֮䣬ҵĺݺһڣһҪһ㣬ҵĲӿ϶ᱻҧϵģҰ˻һ˺ҧš 
ʹĸоĴϮҵ壬ָصĸŪǰĺ㣬һȦȦĻȦ֮źݺݵһʹҲ㺰һִֻӺؼȥε˫֮ᰴѹȫ˻ƵҪ࣬ϲţҵõϸߡ 
ۿȴ쳣侲ֻһֱעϵκһ飬ڿǽҵĿУͷ˱ǻһһҺҲ 
ҵǵͨ죬ողϢϢҲҾͲˡҹɵĿϣǰİײڸոյļѾɢ࣬Һľ͹ȥ˿ڵĺɫӡǣһʱһ£̾Ϣ̧ͷûıȴ緢סѨڡ 
̫ˣһû׼ãҺþûˣ϶ʹġ 
һûļ˵ʲôָͲ˽ҵʱͺһûھͽ뿪ҵҵķУһֻŬں濪ؽǰ󶼴˳ĿУǰ˿ʼ͸Һ壬ѾָˣָϵڵĳϹŪţģ޲һӡ 
Ųһָ룬׽ŪңͻȻͣеĶ޹Ŀҡǵģ޹ġ 
ѾܼɴѾǰǻˣҰԹĿϰ죬ûκζ 
ͻȻҪĻԼ뿪Ĳλһֵָ֮Ҳڳ˳Ҿÿޱȡ 
ʵҲҷԱߣҲͦĸ߸ߵġ˼Ƭ̣ѧȥ 
ʵеԵļҪҪأеѰ˼Ҵûġİȥ 
ڸʲôһߵ˵ 
ӦһµĻʹġ˵ 
˵ǣƵָ 
㲻˵𣿡ո˵ҪԼѵģÿζҵİ 
˹ݺҧҼ£ķ̵ȴסңҧ˵ 
ͻȻ׹˼ҡͷҪҲŲҪ 
˵ͷѾһͻһͻ̧־͵ҵһ¡ 
һЦ̧ҵӭ˹ȥѨڴϻȵͣҲ쳣ϵСѨԼ־ȻһһڵİѾ޴ֻȵ˽ȥӲĦҵĳڵʱ˺ܶ࣬ҰصĴϢ 
Ѩŵ˫ַиĩ˽ȥһûеȣȫڲ 
**Ӧ˺ðŻڽϵĵطһȦСһ¡ȻסҵҪ³鶯˼£ȴԼҪԼҡͷҪۡ 
ɫͻȻһ䣬ݺһʹķҶʱһʹʲô 
ǳͷ˵ţһȻĿˡҵ 
žણžવҷסֱۿʼĶҲǾίǾԼȷ˼£Ǻڵ 
ᵲסҵĽ࣬ҿı飬ϵƶţȴİĿУҪ࡭ 
ҿʼӿٶȵʱһҵᣬҵɶҲҡڣҵ˫ֽסĺᴩ 
ĦҵҺʪĳȻ˫ְοڻҵеֻһ˵ģκһ˴һȻһᷣġȻҵȥҲ㣬ҲŹǸ˵ġ 
ԵĴֺݺ˺ҧһĿȫ¶ĺۼİ§ڻУ۵˯˹ȥ 
 
69 
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ȻȻȻҴңô˵ҲģЩֶΣңҵ˼мģҾͲö֪ˣĵָǰֳҵָӣ˵̬ء 
ɵЦ£ͨæñԼӣһҡһڵ˽ʵҲûи˵λҲֻ档ԸŮ룬˼ʺϲһ滹ҽ幤Ϳʽʱôš 
ҿŷǰӺݻװֵͦǮģý˿˸ɫ޵滨ݺӦôôɡ 
ҲûüŮҴ·ȴֲڶ࣬Ӳְ˽Ű˸ףףҾһмصת 
֣ͣҲ۵Ŀſˣվߵľ￴˿ʵ࣬Ҳûʲôͬ纵ø߸ߵģɫ·ϣֻԵԼӵ࣬Ľĵĺ˵ġ 
ҿ˿һ͵ЦļŮʵڲЦЩʲôʱһĻԱߵһȺҲ˸ɾ 
治סڴأ۵ӯӯЦҪʳ 
ҳ˶ļ۾ЩʼˣٿԼС尵ҡͷ 
ôˣǲǲϲ˵ 
ûܺɵЦ͸صĺ꣬ȴʲôҲ 
ƱӦؼҵȥӭȢģҪίˡ˵Ĵ𣬴˼Ƥζ 
ûʲôӦȥɣҴһ񡣡ܺãҲֱ˵ 
ḧҵķʣЩͲҪٹˣзִ磬ǵ¾͹æˡ 
֪Ѿûתˣ˵ҲûȤԺ˵ұץ¡ 
ɫǺҰľȴ֪Լ˴ 
ڶ࣬ҲûһʱʹҴ뿪ˣ֪кܶҪæҲȥҲֵԼУڴϰգͱðԹĿⶢ˰ΡҰϴϲ˸ס 
˴СޱȿĿȥȻʤһ֣Ȼİõټ 
ȴлһܳΣһģȴƺʮֵԼִʱӣҸܣվ·ŲţһЦСֳȥϹˡ 
ʱȴһӰӣ⵲סӣЦرϤ 
һſãȻۣ亹һѾĹƣѸոյ˸ɾҿһȦڿԿ£İ࡭ 
ڴϲ˲䣬̧ͷʾҹȥӴܵߡ 
ˣСұϣ°Ͳҵ 
ſµۣһֶһ˼ңѾս飬ԷĽȻңңģѾ߾ 
ҶЦ˵Ӧ˭ȥأ˵Żƻգգۡ 
΢Ƭ̣״˵˼ˣ˼Ǿʲô˼˼ҾͲˡ 
ʲô˵ֻŵЦСҲңģڲᣬǸӣңͷʣµģ֪ңֻȨһҰʲôֵܣ飬顭ǹʵ۶ǿɱֵ߱ġ㲻ǿ鵱ʵ۵ϡǺǡҲˡ 
һ˵һҵʹֱУͻ۸ҡͻȻһתΪңΪʲôڲҪع 
ںڵҺͷһͣ˵ǰκЦңʵ۵ģȴûȥôأʲôҲûС 
ֵĿǰӦúϤһˣ˿ȴ·δʶһİҾÿ¡ 
֪ǰԼûκαװסҡ 
70 
ұЩëƲߣӰƵ̧ͤ¥Խе㲻֪ںδ 
ͻȻǰϯ˵Ļ˭ҲҪšеȻˣȨУ֮䶼뱻õĹϵôôʶʶмĴҵأ 
޷ǰ֮Ҳ֪ʱ롭֪һģصë֡ 
ôˣҿͻȻɫ࣬ŵҲ˿ô˰ɣææҵҪ鿴˿ڣȴһЦѹϣѷҲһأһոշ˦أȻĵҺŶ̫ˡ 
ԭҲֻ뿴ϱı仯Ƶģɿ֣Ȼ˵⵽˯ںڵһֱҽŲȴʲôû˵ҰյϴñӰԼͷãĹĵ˯ 
ںڰеƬ̣滹ûһ㶯ڱﶼ촭ˣʱһصĶѹϣһᱻǱƿһˡ 
ڰпı飬ʪʪĴҵģȻ˿ңȻڻУƵ޾ּǰӭС 
һ㶣ͻȻéٿҪ 
Ҳȷе뷨ȴ˵Ȩ˾ͻˣзšȻ㲻˵һֻץסҵۡ 
ϵûĻүҲ߰˷֡ 
ͻȻͬˣһĹµء 
֪ʲôʱҾ˯˹ȥҲǵʲô£۾ͿݵĻ죬˻һʢÿһ䡭 
˯ۣûüô£ѾһŵĹŮ̫Ʋ˽ϴ磬̷˿ѰҵֱȫʱѾʷ﹬£ƽΡ 
ҿ˿ɫʱӦûϳô° 
ֱţһһ̤ϻʹʱҲŴߵĹŮ֪ռĴ֮ڡ 
һģ㱻ŵĸ߸̨׸ʵȫˡ 
֮ϷžĺԶֻܿеģЦĺܶ࣬ߵվٹ٣ǰ˼һֱԵĹŮͻȻɿңҶһ·ʲôҲ֪ҲѸǰߣ߲ϴͺ 
ˣˡѽһ˵Ǹ 
̧ۿ˿һֱɫˣǵֱʵڲԼʲôˣ 
м˼Ƭ̣Ŵô׵ģô֪ 
Ϻʲôһʲôģȫû˼ѵҪȥҲ԰ȥ۾ˣ 
ԭؿΧһȦҾȻĿ˴磬չȥһ¡ 
ϵ 
ֺǺǵľȥԱߵλЪЪһƬ 
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֪˯˶ãֻ֪Լڳ֮ϣȺ̬һ࣬ת˿Ц̬ˡסҵ֡ 
죬Ҳ֪ҲӵӭʹģʽýƸʮ񣬳ǴӼӭȢ棬һжǰջʺưţ֪ү⻹ģȴûпʺ֪ʺڹ̥Ǳˡ 
һг䶨Ѿʮ֮ˣңñ٣Ѹռغݶأ൱ųٳּүҤպսȴһֹͨ߱ɱ׸ͶңġþǴڿֻ֮Уƽ޷ս 
˴뻹Ǹ˹ȥȴŷǵȥģĪ棿 
ھ죬Ȼ֪һЩСܣҴӼɽС˹ȥĿ澹Ȼײһǰ½ңѩ׵ؿϷһɫĶ졭 
ķԼʧѾãԭΪҲҲǽܡ 
ʮһ 
Լǿۣ˵ǽҲ̫ȥˣɵ£ȥŪףȴһֽסǸЩԹĿһ۾׼ 
æס䣬ʵǰҵʲ᣿ܿ𣿡 
Ʋҵ֣ûʲᣬһ£ˡ 
£ʲ°Ǹոյǵᣬʲѽסܵ棬ˤһæң˻Ұľ䡭 
ȻҵƬ̣һԣʻ 
ߺߣҼЦ£̤ЬٴȫѹҴ˨ܵĺһ߰棬һ߿ǰޱʵˣ˵Ūģ 
üͷһͻȻЦҼģʵϲˣ 
˵Ĺһʱ֪ηˣҲҪֻܵҵĶԻҲ 
ЦĲõ᲻˵ĶĻȻӦԭˡȻҲûҪǴݵ߳˼ɽеɻ󲻽⣬ԭȵ̬ȷǲԸҵģָıעأ 
еۣǰ߳ɽžͿʹ羹Ȼڳڴе㽩Ӳ 
Ҹûע⵽Ҫɱ˵񣬶Ǹ˵ĳ嵽ǰ 
ҵʲˣǺǡΪҲҲء㿴ǲǺ䣿 
͵ǰЦᶼأ룬˵ 
ұݣµҲ˽ 
һֱǰԼֻڿʱеһ䣬עҲٿʱҲ˽⵽ոΪʲˣ½΢¶˼ͷѩ׵ļ滹һҧۡѽ~~ǺǡԼҧİɡ 
ȸ˺ܳʱĹ춵ǲ⣬ҷҲʹصɨӡһ㡭Ǻǡ 
ͻȻһ£ܲӵ˵ˮע󣡣 
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ޱȰյĿң۾бӣãֻҲֺǺǵı˰ΣջǾôʱҾ벻ˣΪʲпʼôأԴܷŵģ 
ҾòܣΪһɵˡ 
˵Ҫƾһǣס磬Ҳòܣ粻ˡ 
Ͳǻ˼ˣȻһȥ֮˸ɾֻͻȻʴңˣһֱûϢ 
գõս˵ңƣ̫ңռλԾң߾ȫ泷˸һٰʮȵת 
֮ᣬǰ߾֮ڶرռĺҤغݶأ߱ͨеֹף˳սݡ 
ǣͣڱ߾Ҳûκζ 
ҲֹױѺ⵽ʱѾũ³ͬʱõңϢңĹȻңʵң䣬ϱ 
ʱÿջճڹкóҺҲңʱҲ˳ܷǵ̱Ӽн˹ҾͱˣҲ֪ʲаԭҸһģҲƵԿǧˣıΪ֡ 
пչȾҵذףͻȻ뵽֪ԴˣҲûٻȥȻûǵϢǲʵģҲ˵İɡֻҪǻͺˡ 
еܷʵԼҪʲԸھͺܺˣұû̫ı 
ЦѺһеӣˡ 
ˣһܣȻڴϵġ 
ɬȫۣѵǲ˯˸ҲĿֻ̣˵Ѿһˡء 
е㱡 
һƵӰұסûˣûˡʣʱͷһůɵЦҲ𣬺ǺǡƵЦһ 
Ҳ֪Լڿ̵ֹʱ˹ȥȻԵ޹ڴࡣڼ䵹ûзʲ¡ 
ҿվһԵ棬ӦҵģԭеĶѾȫˣֻܿҺЦҲЦ˹ȥվǻΪܺõѰɡ 
ſ˰յе㴭ȴʵҺܰġ

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ƽ޲Ķȹ˼죬Ӻ̴˽⵽ЩȻûзʲ飬ңڵĶдӿЩ̻̲ 
ȡ˰ߣΧʧǲ춹ڰũҵչѸ٣һٵľ󣬲еǣ˵׻ǲܸ춱档 
ڹй䣬ҪȣũµԽſڴ̨ϣĴ꣬ĵĽʱֻ˵һ仰һǣû 
Ȼͷ춳ɶѵУ˿վԱһֱ˯ḷ̫́ˡ 
ȥģΰҵĽŶſϡ 
Ұѽ̧ϸߣԥ˰컹˻˿һֱͷĳˣûȥѽ 
Ȼ㬵ԭλӡ̳Ҽ˼ۣУЦأҲ䵽ǰҺİȥ 
ҵͷְҵСˡ 
ȥ˵ 
Уˣҷ˳šɡɡǰһͷҺһ͡ 
ûɡԴߡ 
ͻȻЦԣҲԴȥ棬ôӦ¡ 
ʲ£ 
ڻûáзƵĹ⡣ 
Ǿˡ˵ҲŲأߣһ͵͵ȥ 
ϦˣкܶһΰҴԼ 
ģ۾ 
ҾǻиϷӺ͸طζСԵıԴ 
ҪȥȻҪȥ˷ܵĵ 
ǴӦˡЦе֣֪Լļơ 
磬ҳȥĿգܵǵ˰죬ʵһȥ˵Ǻò˵Ҫȥһȥ 
ȿʼЩѣǾԼݱȽΣҵĺ£춽жͶ 
ҿ࣬Ҳø˵ˣе㵣ᣬȻķݡ 
ϦոպǸ죬峿Ҿͱӱ˯ۣԼһͺһﲼõ൱ʣ**ֲһѵʱѾ˴ϡ 
Ȼ糱ˮͨУҲȫ˳ڲСƬ̣춳ʱ򶼻װ˿̿һ˵ˡ 
Сǽ˴ŵĲ֣ҵû̫⣬ҪĴʱ۾һߡ 
ҲֻΪҲ֪ص㣬ЦﰡΧʱѻȸҿһܣһӵ˶ڿңˣ 
ҿ˿ߺεЦЦ˳ȥ̴ҴҸҶߵӣ֮ǰɲԶһ£ 
ұ˵Īˣ 
˴ӱ˻˾ߵģ㻹ǺǡǶŮˡ 
 
ұһᣬҲæչȥˣͻȻصĻ֮һӰرϤǰһٿʱѾʲҲˣһ̣ΪԼңˡ 
ܡǺǡ 
ȺдƬıĵطʱѾ˰ȻĽ׶ΣɫСԺ͵̶ԳԵ̯λұҲȥģȴ˺ԶҶ˵Ѿ׼ˡȻһϢĵط£һȻÿӵƵģѾģӦû⡣ 
ͷҳԣһתԭǵҩǺǡĻǺءҸոտľǲңأ 
ҰѵڶͽֵͻȻԶͿһѿصȺ˹ãҲŷʱݲö룬ҵ־׼ֽܵǣȺӿǳɢˣ뺬̡ɢˡ 
ұڻУı´ȺƼ˳ĴĻһıԺڱԹ£úõĵĶûˣԭǲμӱĵ 
⻹мҲһǱɧѾƽϢǽץסҵ·ҲĿֻɫһЦȻѾˣַۣ᲻ 
ոջһƵļˣҲ˾ΧһСԺ 
̫Ϥˣһ㶣ѾЦĹң˳ԭոҲûпӦң 
ʳڣЦ壬Һ㰡ܶأ 
¶İˣһʱĻŵûھͱָסˡ 
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㲻սͲңİңȥЦǰˡ 
ȥЦˡĵЦֵΪҲ֪šڰаңģƾʲȻüһֱֱ 
һ㶣£ȫͿˣңأӴ粻ľٶֺ¡ 
ҿӯӯЦް˭˭ûйϵɡ 
仰˵װףҵϣҼǵûĻշңдֶ¶ȫ֪ 
ǺǣûʲϵָָңһʻعĪҪһ˫ˮͫң˺һӡ 
ңֳɵĻʵۣҾ㲻Ҳдѵο޵ЦСߡ˵ְҽǰ 
ЦҺң񡭡˵ҡ 
Ц塭㣬㣬㡭Ϳŭյĵҡ 
ˣǵûпˣƳͷ˵ҲֻһˣȻ޸еΥҵĵ¹ۣҲǺ£Ҳûжˣе㷢̡ 
Ļȴһֻ˵ߣͲĶģֻǰ㵱ңԵӰӣΪʲͲϸһңأҿġ 
Ҫ˵ˡҴϵֵֺγ֪һأһֱԼʲҲ֪ҲȥҲΪʲҪֽͱأеԹ޵ĿһۣΪʲ᣿ҲһģΪʲǲأΪʲҪҡ 
ޱƣ῿˿ȴһʵĶ̧ͷڵӣĿףأ 
ҪҡҸ͸˼ҸԸҲ֪ĵ˵ͷͿңһѾƽ˼֣ԭǰһ˾ֱֱԵڵأҵһ쵽ģûпκζ 
һ̣ͿңĴӣͲҵĶְǺǡǰЦ廹ҺˣõĻ˵ߡİɭЦݣ۵ŨŨɱ⣬͵Ĵ¡ 
ʱͻȻɵ˵û˱ҸϲˣЦĲţ 
ֹҲţ벻˵ûж塣 
øһ࣬һѱɫڽߣе㺮ˡ 
Ҵ˰Σһֱ֪ǻν书ġ̫ˡҶ֪ϾȻ˰ѽ 
ɲʱ䣬Ҳͣһ㣬ԼԸо֮סȻеڴֶԾǺǡ 
֪ǲϿһû硢Ҳûзȥġ 
˶Կ˺ܾãûжһ£֪ĿֻĬĬ໥ӡҺѾʱˡ 
ҿ˿̫ѾˣҶҲţٿ˿һֱûжˣҲһʱԸ㶨ģ˻ԵĻɨΧļ˵ҶˣŪЩԵǱ߳Ա߿ 
ǼúܹҼۣǹԹԵŪ˵֮ڵĶңҲ¶ҽӹЦһҲˣһԲ 
߰˸ھҹԺ֮ᶼһλӣһ 
ңûñأɻʵȥҲûпʲᶫ 
óǰǿģȹͿˡһ˱һ˵ 
˵˭ȽͿұԹľͷվڴ̫ɹɡ 
ȻǻЩϵһǴȡġǸߵĻҲۡ 
ӵİڴɱ˲գ۵ģ㿴ﲻһһָָոձңڵصӵ 
˵˭һ㣿ҿ۾Ҫˣæתƻ⡣ 
 
ˣҿ˿˵ļˡ 
һ֪˰ɡһС 
ҿĽͻȻһ£æеˣϾҪʼˡ 
ҵϣ˶Կһۣû˶ 
磬עɡҿѾǼ˹Ϸˣûˡ 
һֻĿɿڴĿҡ 
һֻҡͷҡͷ 
һֻװڿ졣 
 
ҿɡһЦңֹ 
˵ҲӣǿռǺǡңЦƤֱ 
ӦңĹ㲻ǿǺǡǵѾͻͻ 
ֻףңһ 
ǺãСߡһȻңһ 
ңƬ̣ͻȻһǾˡȻ˵ԱߵǼˣֵ㣿 
ʵҸոڵҩΪʱѣܵߣһȻˣǵҲŪˡ 
ʱĹ˵࣬˭ǸԵġá 
ңԹĿңȻϲ 
ǰҪ˵ʲᣬǴʱȴӿ˴Ĺٱƶʱת  

 
 

 
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ңںЦЦûпΧסˣһ˫˻ǵ۵ĿңЦЦ壬Ȼֻһ 
ҿ˿һߵǼˣﻹеεģҵû˵ˣȻ֪⣬ЩǿģֺοҪҲɣ֪еĲеκЦ壬ȫһˣϲԭǸЦأںһʲᶼأϣԼܹ 
ѵ˵λ˶ĬҲֻһĹָֻԭɫǶ˵ 
սãʱͻȻʹһתͷպÿ̱˹ӣû°ɡӡһĨӰ档 
߿ݵһЦҪ˵ʲᣬȴһ䡰¡ˡ 
ұǰ˵Ȧ֮⣬СİΧȴеΪңģҪɣ 
ҪشҵʣֽסѾ׵ҶߵǲŹģС㲻Ҫ顣 
ȺһӿϣֻңЦһӰԱһȻ˼ȥĻȻв֪ʲᣬ㣬ǰļѾֱֱԵڵأϸϸ鿴ȴǺͷӡһöϸС롣 
ʱæס˸Զ֪ң߷ɹңҲֻӦȥȻȥҲԽӣҿЩĺⶼˡ 
ʱһһĶȹۿңӰѾ˼֣ȥǸ࣬е㾪 
һѳңңۿʱԭȱεļͻȻܳһһǡõȥͷһǳһ亹?BR> 
ϸϸȥȴ˸ҵĸоǳϤòûмǺǣȻ㻹׷ңЦϲͣ٣־Ϯ˵ᱳתƹ 
ʱ˵պöҵģһϳ˭ˡңġ 
еңסҵһֱûɹɤͻȻŶ˵ǵȫ֪λȤ͡ 
ȫңңҲ˵һߣ䱸ĿԷ˵ʵʵǷǳͿģ뿴ңĲд𣬿˿̿ʮֺңңĵĹϵҲǹķǳҿ˿ɫѾǽӽˣϼյͨ죬ȾһĨǳɫ 
ÿһ˶쳣͵͵ۣ֪ģΧȴЦһ⡭ǲв 
һʱңתңͻȻˣˡȻһڣƤĿ˿ˡ 
ֳһȺʯȻ绯 
ڵķչҺˮҭңңĶ±ԹԵıѺ⵽ʹ֣Ȼһ֮ӭңģңؽΡ 
صʳڣѾΰѹ£ںڵӽסҵߵӦµģɻǵã 
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ˣҪӦңԶҡҷֱ棬Ѿ˵˵һ 
ҡҵĿڱס 
˵ڶҲ뿪ҡѾ쳣Եĺܽ˵ֽԳκ˺á 
˵֮Żɿ֣ڵҵĴ𸴡 
˵˵סҵĿڰұԹ 
ƻգֻҪһ˵Զˡ˵ 
ĬȻһᣬǲǸңʲᡭ 
΢תѾĬϣЦȻ˰ʵдʱѾˣңļðСȫ׻ʹһڻʵ£ƾһСĵֲᷢˣʵֻ֪ҰӦúңĴʲύ˰ɡ 
ȻһᱳһЩ⣬᳤ʱﾹȻܹݵİϷ±ңдҲֻһصߵĻӰɣҿ˿ӣֿУѾ̶γء 
СвǷԵӰӣǣ㲻Ҫңʱһһֱûа㵱κ˵Ӱӣ˲ҵĶͷ·һƵ૵Сֱ̰̰˯ʲᶼᣬۣѾûˡ 
ûһ뵽ȥС㲻ڵʱ˵㾹ȻңһҵĺʹҶԼˣҺ£ᱻˣһ涼ˣסҵӣҵĶߵ͵͵˵ 
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ſϵ𣿲ΰɣ 
͵͵ԼգպУüͷһ壬ͻȻתϲСأ 
ﱿˣ 
ﶼܱ 
һûǸԾʲϵأߣұǴޣòãһƳȻʶԼһ˵ˡѾ˺þõ˵ 
ȻͣƬ̡ƭƭңҲİҪ˵ѵҪ˼ת˺üתſſ˿ڣĵ׷·˲Ļ 
ͻȻµߵĻںڵӿңȻ˵ЦЦζѾ¡¡һƬҪˡ 
ɴһòãҲʹһ㡣ĵĿ˿ڣ֪Լǲı飬ֻ֪ʵԼϣҪڡ 
ңԣһˮˣ׿ԽѧʶȻһӵʵʵڣһΪԼˡʱһһӣûԼֶ෽żҲòʱ˰¶֣ĵ࣬ҾùǺڰޱȣǾһ˶ҵ߶ȥ?/P> 
˵ѾҵƮҲ֪ĵط˫֫ѾԤĻˡءܺġԡأءҾҲֵģ һӡӡֵǮٿǡ£ˣ 
ͷַʵѾˡСҲʶġͻȻ壬ξ֮⡭ 
Ŷұߴ̵ 
ʵϵּҸʲҲûŪ׵ 
ϵϵǰصϲϵȷԼûŪɻ󲻽⡭ѵ˵һǱŰһŰ 
ԣߺߡǽƻƻΡɹתҵעˡ 
Ʈǧֱ鱾ֵ£ȽңǸͲˡգ۾ˣ 
ԹˣӦòİɣԼ۾áڡ 
ֺһ㣬װҵ 
ԵʱҵȷԼߣǸʱĵһ˿õһΪǾҵĸˡԼһҪߵСһǿҵǸʲᶼˣҡһĿңڴҵĻش𡭡 
½ǣĨỨĿͷĵطһҭ 
˵ͷ֪ԱκةڸУʱպȵ۲ţһչһգ޷ȥ˼ҵУλҪҪĶࡣһн֮ᣬȥȹ֪ȴԸߣŵ֪Ѿݲµڶˡã͵֪ȥ֪ãκЦʱ򡭡Ƶòһ۱֪ǷΨһϵ⡭еȷе˵ǵòһֶķŭȴκЦȷǵڶԵӡǾ˱ҪĶûеòġֻġ 
һɣһúõĵҰþء 
û뵽ԼҪõĶȴ˰û뵽ҵݡɺ޵ǡҾȻϲ˵˵һ죬ҧס촽ڳһ۸˵Сϱ죬ĸʱհ 
ձŤɱͣҲֻصʱա 
ĳˣ治ɫĲſϣһһﲨұҵһһסȻ÷ǳĬĬı˵˵ɣ 
ʲ죿ҺǺЦ 
ƻеļƻӦҪҵ°ɣüëëĴֱء 
ȻͷеġһˣҲȥͦ۵ġҲò 
΢Ӷϱõı飬㻹ǲҡȻɫһֽסҵͻȻһ͵ССС 
ұչ̣ԼʶԶĿϣԵĻϣ˿Զ 
ҸſڣͻȻһһקѾſϣƨɱ±˸ɾ־ͺžž۴ 
ոջ˵ϲҡء 
þ춯ءҿ޵ı׳Ҫʮһú 
޹ûҴˣֱͣ۰׵ƨɻ롭ȫӲ 
ȻΪ龪һʱ־Ĵʹءġء 
㱳ҸңǸ꾫˰ɡߡṴġ۾ѾȼˣҲԽԽء 
ᣬ˵Ҳ˵Цܸ˵ҹ˼ҵ𣬳ҲҪСˡ 
ͻȻһ٣ðҪҸˣððǲιˣѧҰʳˣ 
ŭЦɭɲħһգҺͨͨƨɣģʹ 
ʮ 
ĴȥʹһᣬĬûԣŰ񡭡˳͵͵ۣϲ¶ǳǳЦ⡭ΪܺɡҪҪô죿 
ҵĵ̧ͷѾǵЦһ˫ںڵŽƻ飬ʹҰĦ治 
ĦҲаĦе㣬ֶλò̫ԡ 
ָ̽Ȼ˺յѨָ׹崦ֵУͼ㿪ָĲŪȴһֻԭֻܶƾ׸Ȧָ뼸֣˽ȥҵеһ㣬ϼţòҵ?BR>Һ˿ȴֻǺڶԴĵطŲæģҲûǰżӣоȻӿֳЩʧ䡭 
ͻȻͨǶŪһ㶣ϧִҵ˳ˡȻԼ˳ȥһڴϣ㶵İѿãȴһʲô 
㬵˳˽⵽鷿ӼңʹȥˣӦǴңңĵ顣 
ĵſڴǰҲʱлҪ˵ӣһȥɣҲĵĽȥģǿʱ޿̲ڽסҡ˰ɡ 
ҽҪϢſڴװ˯Ƭ̣Ȼ󿴵е˶˳ȥͷȷû֮󣬴Ӵ˳ȥ 
һƬҪزһ׵飬Ѿ·ĿҲȽС׵ĶһѲӵˣǵȥ 
濴ִֵطð򶨵ĳ棬˳ҵ˱Ȳ裬һСµĵģҿޱȣ֪Ҫġ 
ǸãҲûһ˿ڣҰжɨɾҲڿ˿ڵô뵽ˣɫͶůһ¾Щˣȴ˵ӦûɡȻƮȥôһ㱣Ϊ϶Ҵˡ 
ʱոһοرͣߵҲ쳣Ͱ˲Բ 
ʱҲ뵽շϦһϮһƬҶɹסҵߣٿʱűȻһɫۿɫֻ÷糾͵ģɹű˪Ƶı飬ȴ˫ͫпһ 
վǱ˳εڻʹĽУ뵽ոĪı飬ڻ쳣ĺãǺǡɵЦ 
ʱȴһӰĴӻ԰Ե߹ģӰĺϤ͵͵ȥû߼ȴ֪˭ˡңģȻСȫӵӡ 
Ϊʲôβһ·һİĵطһķѾõ԰ӣӲݴʵȷʵЩҲеĲɵӣƬ̣ͣһֱֱȥ 
Ҵ˰ΣԶˣոչݵĵطԭһ½õķĹԱһխϸʯȽϺڰ̵֡ 
һҲû뵽ȻǷԵĹʹ֪Ǳ˻Ǹ̾˵ôû˵ʬôأԭֻһЩˡô˵Ѿˣο໹ĥӦðʬͻңǡֻӦϵһᣬȫһź 
˿ɫӦǲˣҴҴظϣոմӴ̨ӣعæϴװ˯ 
ŵ߹Ƭ̣סҵıӡһЦЦװ˯ˣҸʲôˣ 
ǰһƿľѣ𣬶ʱ˱ǡ 
һδ꣬ƵģǷҲ˲ˮһĵ 
һ˭˵δģʮǴˡô𣿡һҡҵͷԼҡ 
ƻЦЦóƵľƱеľˮʱζƮ֮Уһûкȵ֣ӹƱͷ򡭡 
̧ۣȵĵĿ⣬Ӧú𣿺֡ 
ǹ͢ƷѪᡣеѪζȴ̲ƷҼص˴ӵؽڳġЦҵ 
ֺһڣȻ˵ĸое졣ÿڶȹģҲֻȥ糺죬۾ҲĿϡ  


 
ʮ 
ӯ֫зӯӯˮ⣬Դҿ˿Ӣͦüë΢΢ԽԵӢޱȣһؿ϶ŮˣǺǡ 
Ҿô˿ޱɣƿҡҡλε˼ֵĻУֻЦĺܴۣĴ΢Ϣˣ 
ûһأƣһһָͷǰ˻Σǲѽ 
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ҵҲЩˣϸʹֱ˼ڣʱѾȫûҵ־ȴԽȻʶԼԽԽͰ 
Ǻǡһ棬ΪʲҪҾưǣҾҪιҡ 
ҷϣЦˣǺǡ 
µˣһأ϶ûġ 
˵Ҫȴָ˻ȥˣҪԹ˯һ˯һһȥҵֱҰùĲס֣һ˫ĺϵ´ȫһȻҹǸоЩ⡣ 
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ҵһЦˣˣԼϵı飬ڳһΪԼɰӣ˳¶һ¶ҵСϻ 
㶵Ŀңϵı粻ǺǡȻס˰ɡ 
㲻ǽոճԹһûˣҪҲȥģһûϴ裬Ҳó԰ 
 
û˼ֻҲǺ۶ѡ̫ˡ 
ҰŴĿ뿪ļͷ룬ĨᡭǺǡ¸гӾЧ˰ɡ 
ǲǸոյľˮŪ۾ȥˣæǿҵƤʹʹҲ㡭 
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ۺˡƵɤָĴȦŪȫʼ 
ޱȴþõȲָ룬ƵӭȥѾԼ־ƿأ̱ϣҺ֪ʲʱѾմһЩ֭Ȼᳯҵ˹ȥһָ֭˽ 
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𣿡𳤶Ӣͦü 
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һԼ緢ҿڣһͦεСѨҾóʵޱȣֻͣƬ̣Ѿʼɶֵһֱҵص㲿λֻΧͣȻ飬Խͣҵһ£ضһҾ˳ޱȣȻһֱһǳһĳ壬Ѿõеߵ㣬ʱ־޾ӿ֡ 
ʱ߰˷֣ĪĿУȻʶԼ壬εȥ 
ʮ
۾պöһ˫͸ӣ˿ҲŷԼϺͷ϶մ˱ˮǰһѹ
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ϺֱҺϺͷϲ˲קѵˣ˯ɡȻԼҲȦС
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ſȴһǳ顭ȻԺǰȻӳĿǺۣ
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ҿ˯ССӰһСǿɰˡǣɰһ˾ȻǰǰǸˣǸҰĲǸˣһʲطŪˡ
ҴһԵ̬ÿɫةฮţŵʶĹܼңһ㶾Ͱ˽ȥ
ɵһžȻͿǸˣЦĴ磬һСʱһЦһʱǰһԶ
Ц磬þòˡ뿴Ц塭
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ʱȻҪͶ뵽һˡǸԶҲȲϵġ
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ҳԾǣҵθ˷˼صةฮͿЦ׼˾ϯڵһȻҲҾȵſڣͰµգˣһҪףһ˵һƳȳȵľ֭Һȥ
ȾƵģˮˣһҲֻܽй࡭òҾơ
Ϳĺ˼꼾ƣҵûкȶ٣Цһ˶ˡ
̧ͷ˿ȻʼȴһͻȻҵǽ׳ء
Ҷ˶٣ˣҲͻȻһֱ۰ߣͷҼϵҡ
磬ˣͥԺֻҸˣҲѲ

ϡҹɫŨһ˫ںڵͫסҵӰۼʷһֽĶֱŤᣬƱŤҲѲŤɹ״
ҪĻҿԸ㡣һ̾Ĭ
֪֪ӿǿסˣȻǰŴ󣬳΢ЩĴɨҵգܿ΢΢Ĵ
ҰЦӾҾе㺢ĸоˣҷȥ˯տܻҪϳ
ҲѣѸߴҼϿǣҲԼģѹ尡Ÿ磬ʲҪֻ
òװңһƣ׼ȥҼʰһոջһ̱ˣȻһԾ𣬵סҵȥ·۵ûңһΡһҲܸеİɡ
ԭǱĶŵˣָѾǿۡЩ̣ʵҲûҲֻһΣⲢ˵ʲᡭֵĶЩദʮҲδػమЩֻҪһ۾ͿʱҲסҲǡǡʼˡ
ϲЦģӺܾǰһûʱϲͳΪҵһΪǵ뷨Ҳ󣬲֪ԼǲϲЦ壬߶һϲأҲͿˡ˾һֶһֶҴߡ
һʹѾѴҵףҲ˵Ҫ𰸡ҵȵĶˣǰЦһǾԼһϣûУԼʹ࣬뿪ŲξָϣҲָϻΪģֻ밲ο㣬̼ġɷҵȷ˽ģǡ
֪˵ҪҿԸ㡣ҴĻͬĻ˴˽֪ĶҪǿֻҡ
еĹһʱǸƵˣڻոǲǹΪңû뷨üһѵ¶ı֪ҪʲᣬȷҪ㣬ҽҪĻһһӣһڡ
ܺãû̫ҵͷ֣ת뿪ȴһ̱ˤڿĴϣᱳ۵
㴿ңϵĺԽԽȻҲԾھʲᶫ
ֻһ㴺ҩѡЦĿģԽյȻ˹ƳĹ飬ڴߴȥûõģֻҩЧӵĸѡ
᲻˵˵Ѿ˻ơ
̵Ƭ̵ʵЦҲһϲҲһ֪һ𣿾ûб飬ñ˲֪ʲᣬΪαװֻһ˵޴Ϊҿ鴤ﻹһƽ࣬Խġ
һתѾѹ¡ҵϴϴҾԭ㡭
ϵǳȵĴ̵뿪ȴסҵᾱ˲á
ĴĴһҧҵĴһߵ͵͵˵ȴȫ·ֱĴͷÿҵأҵͷһ𣬷ƣҧҺϡ
ŨŨľζеεĸоǰγһ쳣߳ܵơ˫ȱϥǶԭĳ߻ΪȫߣҿʼԼǲҲ˴ҩˡ
ݲһɣָҵ죬һһӵĿʼҵ£ұлֹģûС

±⿪¶ѩ׵أҿеɫѾЩ룬һá
ֲڹ̵ָҵľ£ǵĵطϸϸʪȵĴȥγһˮʪߣͣڸոմǴһҧȥƺһᶼϧһ¡
ҷӦѾҵǰأһϰѹİĸоˮһĵطӿ֡һûӦĳоʱͻȻָһܴȦȦ
ҲĿֻһЦ𣿡
һ೤ǣֱԾеĿ뿪Ѿҧú׵Ƭꡣ
ͻȻͷһͣſںסǻǰӲ飬ʪȵͷƾŪһɺǿĿȫߣһ㣬ͷҵͷȫµĴ̼У񻹲һҲ
һֻҲһ飬Ȧư࣬ǰӿȥӿٶȣſѾͦĺ㡣һֻһ·£Сλá
ҵĵͿ㻹ûȥע£Ѿͦ񣬲ҲòȥɳƵģڻü㲻᣿
ǣ֪Ѿﻢ£⡭ʵףҲֻᷴڶѣǺѵҪԼѣҪҰѣ
һ죬ҽϣָҰֲͦڵִսĿУҳԾҲȥԼѹ߻Ħ˶ݶԵζ
ǰѾ͸͸ĳҺ壬˳ȸһ·ȥ֣ҽ˫֪һʼҪģָѨȴ춽룬ҵȵЩңæſۣѯʵĿ⡭زѵͣ᣿
Ĭĳ˵ͷǽͻĳָſʼĦխСڵ塣ѨʵѾǰµҺʪһָѹת̽룬ֲӦĳо
һָܿ쾡û룬ǲûгĴ̽ѯתͻȻһ˲䣬ȫеͨսͦ
ָһ±漴ӵеխǿ˽ȥѰոյһ㣬Ħȫǰ˸ֱ״󣬿дݵĵطӿˮһҴ񾭡
һ㱣˷˵ָѾ˳ȥȴҵڸе쳣顣߸̧ѨϱһȵĶסڣڶĦƬ̣ɣһͦ޴ķѾһһĶ˽
ʹüȴôƽ
ͣ˺һᣬҵӦ֣ͦû룬ǶѾһĺ
ϵĵطȻȴǿҵĸܵڵĻȣһһܵ
ϻһۣͣڵ￪ʼɻĳ鶯ɬĳʹոһʱȴһֵĸоɢ忪ʼĽİڶ
һʲᶼҪ
кûаҹڻУɳƵһḺġ
ЦֲŮˡҲɰĵطһþǱ˴ӵаɡ

ʱѾȴûʰԵ˯𣬰ڻУû
ˣſںڵӣϷ𵭵ĺΣȻˡ˵ĻӦҺ߲Ŷԣ
ˡ֡ʾֻһֱϵֵ
æĳԼ֣нסҵӣҹ⻬壬ӣ·Һ·ŷһ࣬һ·ҳԼǼϡ
㡭߰ɣڴϣŲᡣ
ߣܵȥҵȻһЦۿӵһ˲䱻ȶֲִڵĴְסһ߸ߴ
Ҫֱ顭˾úġҡġҹһɳƵͳȴҲЩҿ˿̵ı顣
ûġֻеãҲԼġתϤ͸׵˵һЩ㣬ô
еĽûֱӣֻôأ
ϲһˣӦöǿҵռģֻһ㣬ңǷأҺܺ桭
üͷ۽һֽĻȣϣôأ˵ֻҪһĿԣҾͲڶҵĸоҪĶҲԶҲռģֻҪֿԣûпôأҲʥˣĸҲõرֻرԲǽʹĻ֮ϵģ֮䣬Զ㣬ҲţڸҵһɺҵĶ
Ц֪˵ҲûãһȴĶͻȻֱѣ졭㻹Ƕ˯ɡҿ˵ô
˵ְҸոϵ·۵Ĺ£İߵ洦ɼλãѯĿ˿ңŰָ̽롭
ʲôʪʪĶָĶ˳һ졭ȷûʰһ£̧Ѩ¶Уһᣬ·ҵû˵ֻеס
ȻҴñǵˣٶ˯ᡣҴҴ·˿ϵңȻ˳ȥҺ˽ʲôԶȥ
ЦЦЩˣл㱵˯˹ȥʱѾǰЩ֣֪Ƿʲôˣ·߳ȥѾߣ֪ԭκةˡ
ͻȻةฮҵĸоȴǰź˵ģûеĻңҴҴţû뵽ǣȻһЦ塭
ʲôں԰񵽵Ķ᲻ǸҿͶʱȴʲôҲ˵ˡҵĿʼӵԻ󡭡
ϲҲ֪߲ϲҲ֪֪ҶЦĸȫͬġôһʵأ
ҿЦҴ۸ҪҪҸ
ݸ˵ĿɰǡҲѾԭȵԼˡҵĸ龿Ҫȥδأ
վûаҼ񵽶˵ϣĶΪԼһĶҰ̵ܴϺϵϡ
ЦҲˡȻҲ֪Ƿ֪ЦĶʲôҲʣҷǳοеƽѾһбˡ

ķչҾȡǰľоԼһĵΡǰ߸ϵˣȴںδҾȻһҹ֮˻ʹ
󲢲ԾϵǴ˹
ҺܾȡֻپȣҲʵ֪ǣΪʲ᣿Ҹƽҵþƽ
Ϊʲ᣿ǺǡΪ޻᣿۾ЩýݵĿҡ
Ϊ˳һУԲ磬ᡭһ뷨͡Ц֪İɣʵòȷҲ֪ǰݵĽɫ
ΪΪвκЦ磿µ˼Ҳ㵽λˡƻĿҵѽȻû˵һ仰
ʵڲһ䡰ѽʲ˼йʱѾƵ·Ӱӡ
û뵽ǿտĴһסһ£ȫ֪ʲ£ҵǼ򵥶ƽģһûϾӣǰڻûЦӡ
գڶһ飬Ƶҳ棬ӵζƽ͡һӰסеĹߡ
̧ۣһޱϤ˯εӡν˼֡žоɡ
ȻʧЦνƽԭ˵Ĳһ
۴úܵͣõɫ䣬Ҿĳס
䣿ǰҲˡԼҲˡⳡԲûҵһˣЦЩɣΪʲᣬ˿̵ȴ޷ϣҲᱳԼʵ⡭
ֺʹЩˣʵҰġӺʱεؿʼҵѾ֮أҲҵĴûбֻǱԻƭˣ
޷شҲҪش嶼ӵڻУһһĵ᣿᣿ҡҶš
Ҳšò״ҲӱܡڵȷġһǲʱǰӰӡھӡ
ǺۣСһ֪롣ֻ֪ңҵ϶ǹޱȵģȴЦ
Ʋ֮ľ룬˵ɣҷﲻŲʵģҺܻǲĶҵġ۾һգգĿİģЩġ
һûУȫûУǵ㣬ܰȫҼΣգңɴ̿ϾˡʵҲ˽ģ뿴һԼлռٵķҡʧˡҺÿģġ
ҿЦԺȥ㣿
ЦЦΪַնġҰվ뵽ҺûдҺҴͷҺá
һ̣ҵԼѰ˶꣬ã˶ҪĶ




2



01
ԴңܴңѾʮˣҴԳΪɰҲӹнˣһ쵽£첻˯˯ɺ޵ǺҲԽԽûûСˣҲĵڴϴԼ֪㵽ʲôطȥˡ
̧ͷ˿һֱͷеӰįСôôҪأҲ֪˵ʲô
ԽԽüͷʵ̫ˣ˹ȥ飬ʲô˲ʢ
ʲôû滹кüֲʶһ̧ͷ˼ӣ֪Ǻá
һôˣǺǣǲû
ǰҺŶá
Ͽһ۵С֪дʲô𣿡˵껹ЦţȦҵ
û
˵Ҫûʺƺ󹬡ĶͷϰԵĴչҵġ
аôˣҿɫ˼
֪˼𣿡һתЦôᶮأҪһ̳˰ȻʺĺӲ޵ģôҲǻʼҽĹˣǲܡ
֪סĿڣ
ϲ£ĳ˵Ĵһ𣿲̫ܵİɡҪԣҲûʲô¿ˡ
ҲԾĸϾŵĶڸոմͱĳһҧȥҵһۣôҧҰ֪ˣڼǺϴҧءСˣƲֻƷȥ

죬ҿӰոոȥϳˣΪ˲˯Ҳ֮Ѿȵǽܡ
УвͨҲҪɡߡҪʹġ𣿺̫ܰɡһµǲĵģҲǷţ˵ϡ
Ǻǡɴˡ
ЦĶǽɵЦǺǡҪͦŴӡùĻ桭
һ
ʹ˴ôûӦ
ǸӣҲֻһҲһı̡
У
ˣ
ҵԸѶϵ̫ˣ
ԣ϶ǸɸҸһԵĶϴԹ֮󣬺ͲˡءôƭҴ顭
ҹͷٹͷȥ
ˣͷˡһʮϤͣ˹ǸڰеĶǺǡ
ҵȫӵӰ󡭡ˮ
ɲԲҪôֱסҿܿʲôġǺǡ۾ζĸңֵԸһѶȡ
ŭô˵ûãأ˫ĿһɣŭĿӡ
ʲôʱ˵Ҳˣصɡ
ʵҵԸǺǡмˡ
ƮƮƮߵǺǡҲûмء֪ҪԸġҪô˭˼ءǺǡҰ̯ҵ֮ͻȻһۺɫСƿӣԲ͵ĻŹ⡣
öʥһһöȻ󡭡Ҷֹ˼࡭ҵҪ𣿡
ǵȻסһܱѹ档֣µ˵һĵغʤܣ
ᣬ֪ˣһģҸ໥ͷ
 
 

02



ãһ׼͵ǳˡǰԼ౸µһˣĵߴתתôû
ãûٸϰһɽ£ȣҪԲ֮ҹʮ塭Ȼ쿴ӦûϵɡΣҪȰιˣǺǣѣ˵дģӦöԣȻ󣬰Ҹһһôⶼһɿǹˣþˡ
һ߸һԼָ⡭ĻǲеѶȣͨҷӦͱѹˡУһһҪȡ桭Ұ¶ģȻ󿴵糾͵ĸ˹
Ϊǿ꣡
һü׹ȥƤһأῴģһЦݣûҶ׼ˣԷ
һ£Ȼһ̣Ц˹ҵʲô£ԭ㲻е𣿡
ˣ㿴ˡָָ棬˳ѽĻ
һʱ֮ǰոճԹֶˣ͵ùԲĶӵ
ǣ¶ˣûгʲôճȻֺǺǵĵһø׼ѾأҪҪ˵ŵһСݵߡȰҩڵˡ
һ㶣˺üȦƣû
ûûȡһ׳š
һЦˣסǧܺȣ֪𣿡˵Ż˳˳ҵͷЦŽҵߵľһ
ôôסҴĿͻؿյıӣ⵹һСҩҲһ£ǰһѾˡ
԰ôˣҿǰſȴȫûж˴ߴٵ
һתЦȷΪ׼ģ
ǰҵЦ㿴Ǵ㣬㽶ŴźţǴŹǣ˿һ׼㣬ʲôָ⣬࡭ԲûϵҰԡǺǡ
ҼǵûĻÿٶҪĶɡ˼ңҵĺ󱳳һĺ
ָȦȦҺǴˡ
üһЦûϵҲ̫Ҫ治Ҷˣҳ˰ɡ˵Ѿ촽˹ҵĴҧ
̫˰˼׼ûáҪԥȥҪڱһˡ
һת㿪ĴĹЦﲻеģȥû˵꣬Ѿ˽ȥҷڴϣɷ˵ѾѹϵҲԽԽԡ
ϵǽ컻һˣô˵ţʽƣ󶼲԰
һĨааЦôôҶ̲סˣԣ¡
ô£¹ش󰡣free
ٴ˵ϣʼŤĽ·һ£ͻȻҰڲҰȥѾһĳˣȻº£ǰֵǴСɫĵԼ
ҵĿˮûӵĻ
̧ۿ˿һֱһֺЦڿңԼһˣأøʲôҧ
ҿǰ㣬ԥ˺һᣬǴ˹ȥͷ򡭡ûʲôζܴصĺڶ𡭡Ȼһصĺ򡭡򡭡
û¸ҡ
ܹҰʵڲ֪ҪʲôΪʲôÿζô˳
˳˳Ϣɣԡ
ҪҵȻսսİȥŵ׿ѾܵĻȵҶһ졣
⵽ĳ˲ĵӣȻ¿ӣͦķô󰡡ôŽȥġ
һ㡣ĵͳɳƣҷӦͱѸٳ·ȵĴұеκģֱͻȻϣһ顭ǺǡҪˣ棬棬桭
Һһ˷ܵҪϰ⡭⡭
ԼǰȴһְסϵŪ͸Һ˳Ŵȸȥ
Ȼ󡭡һСѨŵѾȥʹֱüôôʹ
ǳͷŶոǲ˲ĶˣһתѾ϶ž˺ü¡
㲻氡ӦҲɡҲţȻֺݺݶײ˺ü£ʵڷֲȥ





03
ֱ˺ü£ſĵİҷĳҵ˫ȸ߸߼ıŪֻով㲻ءˣѾû˼ˡ
оһȣѾкˣһɣ۵˯˹ȥоſϽұģҵĶͷ£ȻҲˡ
Ѿʱ֣˶ǾȫûɴڱҲʹӦþŪˡ
֪ǸҩʲʱЧĵ
Ҫ㿴ͺˣҲˡǺǡɵЦ¡Ҫ֪Լ˺ӣ֪ŶǺǡ
һɵЦһԼ·
ǡʲ᣿
ҿԼȸµɫĶŶûа˼һ¡
ðĿõġöˡҪ찡
֧֧ϴĶһ˺ð졭
ϣ·ҲˣվƻЦЦھˣ˯ɣ۵ˡǺǡ˵ϴ
һΣǲǡǲûаϴģߣǹûģҵɡҵɡ㡣
һ٣ЦЦᰡѾˡǺǡ
ƭˣǡﻹֶǺ
ЦӯӯĵŶˣϴ̲֮סҪһΣ̫ˣˣǲˣҿ
ûˣˡҶ㿪ֱۣûоʲطͬģգˮ۾ڴĿ
ûаǾñǰоˡǺǡЦ̹ϣҲʲȥ
ѵҩûЧҪٹЩӲſó
Ŀ⣬ֻɵЦ˵ŶǺǡٵȵȿ
Ϊʲ᣿Ϊʲ᣿Ϊʲ᣿Ҷһˣûж
ĶӻƽƽģҲԽԽоˣȫûΪһӦе֢״ʲŻʳ˯
ȫûУ
ҲϷʡο϶ң
ҴǸҲӰ
ҿ϶Ǳƭˡء۸ҡҿջϲһûθаɾ˲˰ߡƭҡء
Ѿʧˡܵģ˱ͲӵġҲãҵҪ̫ʵˡ
ٹ۲֮ᣬѾˡңÿϼĶӣѾĻˡ
ʲÿøҵĶӣóĳߣԶԶġ
˼ֻǺĽʵļ⡣ҺǸ
㲻Ǹ˵ҪҳԱûҶûʲἡ⣬Ҳ÷Ұɡ˸˵

£춼

ˣκˡƽĹ˼죬Ҳӵ¸ˣ콥٣죬еĺ裬Ȼͨ˵ǻˡ
ᡭ˰죬Ű˸ϺšŶǻָԭṬȨ˵ǰһæǼ£Ҳûйһ¡
ҷ㶵һᣬһ̬ӷ׵ĸѾߵĲѾӻ԰Ĺ˽㱡˭Ӵ󡭡
ǻûϳ
ҴҴææҪ񣬱ĺסˣûȥҶ˵ӣҲϵݣҲӦ񡣡
εĶЦЦ
ҲɬȻһЦҲˣ˭֪Ҫǹ˼Ҷĺӣˣֻ˳лл㡣
лңûʲ¡
Цһᣬ˵̫ҪȥȻ˷ȥˣ֮߳ǰͻȻ˵˰

ҵסˡˡˡ 




04
ˣҶӿ˰졭ᰡûǲǿˣ
ֿ˿Ȼתͷߴ˯ĺ̵𣿡
תȦɷнµ˵е㣬һҲÿ첻ǳԷ˯һҲûʲֵİ
Ĭһ£˵ĺе̫ˣſȵԹ緹˯͵˳ʱˡңһ治֪ˡ
һɣû£ڿʼʺˣ˳塭Ǻǡһ˳Ըġ
ַ£˵УܳԡҺһˡóԡ
Ұһָ֮ᣬõڻ԰תһȦȻʱѾϵˣҲ׼˷ϡ
ˣҶķˮûͷԵ
ûûʲθڡ˵Ϊ˼ŶǾͺûˡ
ûθڣҵһֱڸµ֮С
ǲʲ᲻һ춰ĿͶĳˡ
ûǲǽԶˣûθڣĿɨȫ
û֣ҵǲеְ
֣˭˵İиպãҲϱ
ҳɱ˰ߡ
ˣι㣬ԣſڡ͹һţ⡣
ʳĺ˰ſڣ͵ߵζһ̽ȥ
Ż
ˣ
һζӿܡ
¸ɾŻһޱȽŵĿңˣǲǲˣ촫̫ҽ
ҡŻ

ұŻææıոյһĵĸо춹ȥˣҲЦô̫ҽˣû£ǳʲỵӵĶˡھͺˡǺǡ
Ҳ̫ˣʲᶼԣеʱ֮ҲǲܻԵģҪжģѾˣ̫ҽúÿ
Ťһ̫ҽŻææĸ˽һϳϣꡭ
ˣͷİڴߵĵϡ
̫ҽ˵
ҹԹ԰ַŹȥóһСͷҵ󴦣ȻϳðˡϹǽͻָѹҵһ񡭡񡭡񡭡
亹ĶǻŴԼ졭
ʱš
ˣѾԭתȦȦˣŭһ˶һ
Ҷ˵ûˡǺǡЦĿ
ͻȻ̫ҽ˹Ҫҵ·ȻᱻˤԶ
ˡǴ̿ͰɡǵġҶᣬδ
͵ӰڵſһᣬͻȻһߵ죡̫ˣʻϣĪŮװ
һҳͦģҲ˵ɡһ֪е˺òã
һתֵϳȥһʵ档
˵һͷ˾ʹ˳ȥ
Ȼм̫ҽҰ
ᣬվһ˺þãĵϲϣϲˣ


Ϻף
=ңϲ=Уwhat
һˣ
ˣ
Ҹͬĺ˳ 
05
ŶŶŶŶŶŶ
ҿ϶ΡˡΡΡǺǡҪ
ϱӰԼʵȻᰲȥ
Ŷһ˫ҡҡ
۶ĺ˯˯ʲʱˣ
ȻῴǰǼˡء¡
ҵͷתǼ̫ҽǸո˵ʲ᣿˵һ𣿡˵˵ˣҾ㡭ⷢ䡭
ͷǸ֪̫ҽˡ
˽ڰɣҵͷֿת
֪֪ǺǡҡҲ϶˵
ȻȷԽܣͨǼ˵һϣȷˡҲʵǲ˼顭һ˵ֹʵܹ졭
ҡˡˡỳеҰ˵ģѵǸƭҡУҵʡǣҲءҺۡ
۾Ǵǿɶˣһڻʵ۵ϣ򶨵˵ҿԿŶڲ
ˣеȷʵϲϣϲϡ˻ȫһأȫҵ
ǻȥ׼ЩӦõĶһ𣬰˶ˡ
ܵǰ۵ĵġġǺǡСǸҴϲ쾹ȻҵˡǺǡ
ưͳԻп˵ֲܸұҪݺҿ˵޴ӡͷůůġ
ұֻҵĶӡҺܲˬ
ﾹȻ˸һøĶһ
졭һǲܽܡ
ҵӦǿҲǿȫܵ£òã
Ͳá֣һ˳
㶼ˣӣҲ̫˰ɡĺڵӿңȻһȻӡ
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մڹǲ֪ġzybg
⼸գѾ˾ܵĲããţһСİҸˤˣеĸ߸żȫڵĻΧСһֱС̵ĴС
ҵп鱻ԲءҵȨǶ
Ƶڴϣ̲ϵͽʽĲƷ϶ϸߡ
̣ɲԲҪҰϵϳϣȡһͬ˾
üͷӣǸɲһ˽⣿ȻСҡ
ʲ᣿˵ɣ֪޲ԣ޲ҲĿ
ӡ㲻Ůװɡɡ޹Ŀҵ


ʲ⣡˲֪Ӧҵģ࣬~
ǣÿ˶˵Ůİ˵
һ½󣬵ھ͸㿴˵ʼԼ·
̾еܵĳȥȻײ˺
ÿ̴󲽵߹ˣԺӲáְҴã֪ۣΪǵ̫ӣҲҪŬȥ
̫̫ӡҽͰ͵˵˵ææȥأԭڸ°ǻ죿
ͲùˣֻҪöСˡǺǣұȻͷҶƤʹ
£һиҶͲ
ˣ㿴˵ӻһСӣڷдˡᡷĿĴ֣Ҹ֣㿴ĸʡ
һɨţס
һȡɡ
ЦұɵܣòҪ

 
06 

ѣһ˳ھͶˣʵҲгֶѡ
涨ʵͬԾɡɷ˵;ˣȫûкá
ĵָͷŵòáҶҪˣܱʼĳˣĵĿڴϡ
ŨỨ԰Ⱦ˵Ҷ졣Դϴκû¹һΣû˷Ż֢״Ҵ˿һԵָ⣬óԣȫûθڡ
ķۣȴˣ֪ȥˣҲ˵һ
ͨһû뵽ᾹȻˡ
߽ȻǸͦӵˣֻʱɫϴкܴĲͬߵҸǰңЦ˵ϲˣϲġ
ЦϣҲӦʵڲ˵
û˼ʵҲġɬɬ۾ңؿڷš
˵ʲ˵ɣֻҪܰ쵽ģһ㡣
̫ΪѵģֻǷĲԼĺӣϣܸڷԡ˵žž
һ᲻أĺˡ
һ˲飬ҾͰˡ
ͷоʲ᲻ԾҲûӦʹҴææĻȥˣܽˤһ
Ȱ֮ᣬҶֹӣǸʲİ
ûʲᡣҲ˵ΪҿҵĿˮĶ
̹ⶺҵƤŶֺŵġС¹ƵһٵӣͲһ£
˰ûҵĿˮգգ۵ȻӹݸҵĶζ
ҳԱ֮ᣬϴ˯֪£˯
˯˯ܾʲᶫϴȥ˼Ƭ̣ᡭûˡſۣͿƽƽĶƤ
Ŷıߡ
ҺݺݵһۣȴϸߵüëˣǲҲ㣬ܡеѡ
ʲеѰҲ֪ʵͿ۾̣»Ȼֻɫǡ
䣬䣬İסС
ŶƤ񡭡ǣҲСǻб𡭡ָָûκμĶӡ
һСĵģòãϵһҲ°Ұɾ
ҳû˹Լӵ˱죿
һ˹ϱ֧Լĺˣһעġûֱѹϡ

ҵû˵Ѿ뵽ˣ̧ҵ˫ţѨ¶ȵ֮УָĦСѨ˵ӻأ
񺹣ٲҵȷûѽҪ죿ֲŮˡѵҪʸɣûҩ
죬һʹġʹҲ׶İ
ͷޱȿǻǲҪ˰ɣ
ааһЦǿɲŶ㿴Ѿˡ
Ҳ˼˵ǡһ٣Ҫɱ˵Ŀ⣬͵Ҹոʲᶼû˵ˡ
ǲŹԣȫɣαڻ£һֱߵġ
ұŪκģͲ֪ԸĨһءһҪûǵģһҪǸӾ;
ȵһҪǣҵǸͿ˵

07
Թ˸ַûЧʿҶѹŪüɹģò֣ȥҲǰ취ǸӰӶûûӰӵ˵
ӾƽֲƽĹһ£ԭƽƽСҲе΢΢¡ǿģ·ҲĶ࣬ûʲ仯ġ
ᣬڴϲҲ̫ˡͺˡУҪ˯Ұڶ㸸ǲԽԽ˰Ǻǡ
ɵЦ£˯⣬ƤҲĴ
ӣӣѰˡ
ұҡͷκģˣʲˣ
ˮˣһҪˡܺΣա
һṵ́Ұ·׺ãæ˹ȥʵһ£ˣ
ǰģûҲһкܸȤҲ棬һȥҲˣһе㵣ġ
ϵʱ򣬿̫ҽæŮصˮȥұ⣬ûп滹ʱסһ̫ҽ˽һֻǸ̫ҽҡҡͷ˵ǿܲˡ
֪˶ãһ˻ߵĽᣬӤȻǵ͵͵ŮĿͷһͣͻȻ˵Ҹһڷԡʱ֪Լʱղ˰ɡ
һģһСŮڼ䱧һСҿ˵һжиˣǸСү
ҿȥһװ۵ޣСɵԴֵһҲ޲ֵģı۾
ҽӹСġȡû
ѾȡˣҹŮЦһ£ȥ
ұСҹָáͻȻһ˫ִҵУѱˣ̧ȥԭǺ
˻º͵Цĺˣ޻úôġ
õһ仰ҲͷˣȻһݿ˻һۡ
գƻᣬͷҹΪѡƺһչˣҸ
һ֮ᣬʽΪ»ᣬͬʱңʮһңֲ¼λ´󶨡
˵ʲ᣿ҵЦĿĵḷ́¶׹⣬Ӷ
ū˵ѽ󽫾˾ҪˡѾͷϵϳģ
졭졭꣬꣬꣬굽ȥ찡
ӣҲˣҲ֪ˣǺǡЦȥ֡
֪ˣ
ǰ֪ͨˡһѵ֪ı顣
̽ͷǣ֪ӾЧкܴĳԵģ㿴ָָѾСƵĶӡ
ǰǰŶ۱ɵ͵Ȼеء
ʲỰ
ÿ쿴ԼĶӴһ֣ҵϰ죬ԽԽóҲûǸɵϢ
ҷĵǻᣬȻ߽ˡ档
ȫûзӱˡءǹġûͨҲԼˣϢĴǺܲʱģ
һֻдĦҵĶӡʵҫ
һֻƵ˿˵һ䣺ˡȻҴ簡
һֻ˷ܹܵЦȻʲᶼ~



ҹ~~~ˣԴӶӳҲԽԽԲˣұ˰ɫƤëĶ£ԽԽһļˡ
ʵϴδ˼ִҴææĸϵңȥˣ˵ǹڻȶҪ˰ѳ֮֡ǰ͵͵ҵỳϵģһ֪ʵı顣
ϧҲеĪģ԰˵ˣɫһȷȷ˭ĶǻˡȻ~ 
08 

ԲĶӣԲˡҿ˿ԼҲܸǰӶϺšָ϶ӵⶼ㺦İ
亮䣬Ѿմ¯ķڴ̥ΨһľǺͺ죬˳㿴Сҹ
۵ĻɰǺǡֻҪҾͺܿˣСҹཱུգֵҲ֣۾˿ҡǺǡÿɰ
ӣˣˡ̰˴һﱧߣԹĿҵⶼڼˡ
ûĶҸģ̣ûʲϢ
ʲϢһжãɫҪѩˡСҹݸһߵ衣
ǰⶼˣڽӽأҲ춼ææȥģÿ׼ʱҺͱͷůůġ
ʱڲ֪Ĺ֮ǴҹˣҲﱸݵĺģҲѩҵһοëѩԭһֱסϷĳУĽѩҲֻڵϿȴǵһء
ֽסһ¾γһ̲ˮ
ӣܳˣ̼ææİůڡ
һοѩûµġҹԹԵشߡ
һ£ȥȡ˲ñӰãæ˳ȥ
ͽ˯⣬ͻȻǰһӰӰҸˡ
ˡߺߣߺߡ㡭ҵ۾ǰƮƮȥĳɡ
ЦļթƻһֱǻҹĵϸߵĶӵȻһ
ǲǹģҵߵҲˣɲˣһ֪أ
˰֣ƮߵɲܹңֻܹԼû⣬˵ҲûˡҲõ⣬һģǺǡҲУй¶Ҳ~
ߣСҪʲ᣿ʵؿɲܳˡ
һҪʱ˶棬һȻһġ
ȷɻĿᵣĵܲ˵ġ
µģҰɡǺǡ
ͷûһǳɹģ
һʵʱͻȻ˺̵ĽŲתͷǸѾȥӰȫˡ
֮ᣬҾҲûпǸˣӷɿĹ꣬һתѾǿʱڣֵҵĶȴԽԽƣǵһᱻƵġѾа˸µˣҲ汩ʵΪ˱˯鷿ȥˡ
գ˯ͻȻееֵʹ˵۰Ҳ̫񡭡ǳԻˡ
˴ͻȻһͷĿѣѵǷˣҽ̾ŵ˽˿ҵɫһѾȥ̫ҽȥˣɵȥ
һᣬֵ̫ҽæĸ˽һ˰ҵҪˣҪˣ
Ҫˣ죿ȫû׼ҲŰ˸°
ŵĸˣæ׼ҪõĶͻȻ뵽һܴ⣡ҪǶϳȥ
ȥȥҵ˭ҺȻῴľŲѵ
ЦЦüͷһȫȻӽĶסѯʲᣬҵͷһЦӦ
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һ־ֱҵĶȥһ㶼ˡ
ȥˣҪˣءû뵽ԼȻġء
ứһȴǸɴҵĶóʲᡭһ
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ҿԼߵͰ͵Сó󡭡Ҹĺӣһɣ
ΪʧѵʱͻȻײˣǸҲʧӰ١ҿ˿ԼȥĶӡûԼľ޴˿ڰȻɰ
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Ҳһӿ룬ȵĺϲ£죬µϲϣϲ
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ЦµԴôˣҾǼԱ˺ãԼıҲɡСжû䰡ĲϴԶ
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Цţ˯⽥ŨϾȻ˯ˡٴʱѾˣ̿ˣ˵Ķһҷ£ȻӣСרιõġ
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ҾСôˣþöûһ˯ˣ˵ϴѹ棬Ҳûй˼һҵӡ
ϵֻҶͷӡһǵˡȻұڻȻ˯˹ȥʵǸе롭
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һεĳ֮СҹСѣıӣ嶼ȥһҺֿ죬СҹԶԶġ
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ҽģṵ́С㱧Ȼ׼ǴµС·ʵǱµӣҲҪñǼٹٵӣʱûеֺǺǵһԶǡ
СѵģǲңҺܵġǲ۾Ⱑһû˵һƮ˹ܣɵûġߣۺСһƮʵܻ֡
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ĶѾѵøСɽƵˡʱвˡ͸ط˵Ŀ϶ҿСҲڳԶǲӦȥιιأ˵Ҳİ~
Ҷ꣬ڶͶĺ۹ĶǣߵһǰСѣˣιԶкöǲǣܺóŶ~Ǻǡ
ѹŭҶߵССϣġ
һһζûιأιһΰɡҿĵ
֪ιϸߵüëǲԷŶ~
ǳʲ᣿
ˮƽ̹ǰתתת~
 
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~~~ʲỰ~ʲῴߡЦɡЦɡ°ȫϣ
ҽ컹ƫƫҪιСѣˣߣƲңһģҹʰǣ
ԣιǺ~룬Ұ޹Ĵ۾Сѣ£һȺĪˡ
ҪƿöðӦһͲ鷳ˡҿιСѣߵֱȫ˻ѽ~᲻ϲأܺúȵİСѣתˮĴ۾ޱȿĿ~~ھ~ھ~
㬵İСѣУתȥԷ
ҡҵɣ㣬
ˣǺǣѽϲһǺǡģ
ЦҡգˮĴ۾
һҵе¡ƭңڻЦأ
Ҽſһ߳ҵķǱһιȥˣĵܿ˿ֽ쵹˲ˣȻҶʶ죬˿ҲĵͻȻĶ߲֪˵ʲᣬͿɫһ䣬Ǹ߸𣬵Ϣһ͹ȥ
ʲ°
ûʲᣬһ֪ˡҵͷȻøִ֣˵ҪȥϢ˻
ȥ֮ᣬͿУǴ棬Ա߻˸СкӺϤĿ촽ЩƣҲͰˡͣϳˡ
ܵ߰ԼΣε࡭۹ⶼΧҵĶתСˣʲÿġ
ˣǿˡǺǣرɰ~ԺĵȴѾˣ˿ΧءܵĿ湻ġ
Ưı汧һҿ˿ʵС룬Ҳǣĺܿɰ~Ժ~Ժ~
˵ʵڻ~Ժ~Ժ~
ó󣡡ҵͷתķԴء
С˭ҵ㣬˵Ҽұ󣡣ߣ
ҲСߣͳƵİѲһб۾ҡ
~ˣǴð~ƻҵ~~ȻҶתҸĳСһ~~
ι˭׼ƽľĸġ
˭𣿡׼һҵı飬ǼȦȦĴ˵ģ
Ҳİ˵~Ҿú㰥Ҷǵ~ƮƮƮĴչȥļ~ˮ۵СͶЩ~
˷ۣ첻ӵĳ𣿡
аң춼յģʲϵ𣿡޹Ŀüͷһ׳յģһԭеڴ
׳գ׳գ~ҽ쾿ǳųײ·ˣ˼˰ң⸱ˣ벻ͨУһҪȥݰݡ
СҪٸ˵ƵĴʣҾҪÿĥĿ򣬺ߺߣ˰ɡ
Ѿÿ~˵ЦƵƳƳԽķϵɫ
УСˣҪ;Ҫȷ۸˳Ŀ
ͻȻЦֹͣСںڵĳ۾
ЦЦ̵ǰҲ湻ˣǻ~ҵıᰲοƵž£һĨᣬһίĵ۸ҡ
˺ڣ˳˿ҺС߲࣬ԣҹ㱨𣬺òã
ҵͷצƵճϡ
ĳһṫ£ͻȻһҵ֣ʹ˸ɫǺǡˣҾ͵ءߣǸ߰~һÿģ
תǱߵСסհɣСܾ࣬ˣСĳɣڶֶӣҲǲ
ǸɹĿͷ϶˼κ~ҲϲС
ûϵദվͺ~һֻı顭ǺǡȻʲ˼ֻҪܱͺ~
СĬĬ׼뿪ȵȰҶ~ߵűͻȻˣ޵ĳС֮⣬һСҲҪǵչ˰~
˵һʲᶫصұˣʲҲû
գգգ
˵УҪգˡЦЦ֪˭˰ɣǺǣֻСʱСҧкӰ
ҵȻ֪ǸС˭ˣʵҲңιңࡣ
ʮ
űߣǺǣ͵ǸСģ˵εˣȻҪһˡǺǡ
ʲῴһͷշ˹Ȼûҵˣһֻץסˡ
һ½˽ȥҲ棬ЦЦչСУڵңٵҾͰԵ
߹ȥһԵãС飬˵Ҳףʲ֮ģúҵһСǡ
ǻġҵЦȻһЦҪҴȥ˵ĶֲǺǡȥ~~
ĶһЦá
ߣߣߡ
ȥúýǹ·ġ
ȥǣȥջؿȥĳȣתվᣬ飬ڶ˯
ֻǿûµġòãϰԵİ۾ôĿ
ǡ㲻ҪιǳֵĶ˿ԱߵҲҼලһ
ֵĶˣʲᶼˣֻ뿴˵þûˣҲ֪ڸʲأеСѣ
أԽԽһ㱷ԼѾ뿪ոյķԱľ롭ʲ᣿桭
˼ҲҪߵġҾ½ίĿӵñϳһӡӵĳѡ
º͵ĵûϵҲѾϰˣֻ־һѡȻߵǰȥˡ
С˯㣬ÿɰ
ӣСĿˮεϣ̺ûӵĳ˵Ҳ˲ǣ˵ʲᶼûе˵Сɰֵĸɰ֪ʲʱ˵ˣҪǻ˵Ǻǡҵء
죬ҶˣҲŶ󣿣
ıȻǴҵСġ̫֪ˡҺʮ⡭ǲҪˡ
ǺǣɰҲŪСѣͷϵСë~̫ɰ~
оڿңתû˰СҹɵС·
ڿ𣿡ҵͷװ˯С룬۵գȻˮĴ۾ңʾԵſСڡǺǡҲŲء㻹û~~
ѽѽ˵ҲҰҡﱧϣСÿζܴСŵأʵں氡ұߵСҹĴϣ档
̣Сʲʱ˵߹ĺ̵
أҪ߰˸ء̿ҳһӣӳöͦģһ¶أ㿴Ӿϵأÿζ㱧
𣿡ᶼ֪ΪڵءԭҴˣǵãٱһҰС뱧ڻСҹ档һС˹ģСҲȥġǺǡÿɰ
СҹѾĸˣѾʼѧ·ˣվȣҺĴϣҲûϵȻһԶģСҹǲ䣬ò׷ֱվҪȥС˹ֹ˳ȥС뿴Ц
ʱҿһ˽
ҲҪȥ˵Ҫˣſңԭң౻ˡ
ӵϣոպСҹһȥˡ
~~~~ݶ㱻Ʒ~
Ϳңĸ첲СҹһҧסҼǵûĻСҹû~~ 
14
~~Ǻ~ٹ~
ЦûһЩ۵е
úЦ~Цһֲô~ҼٹȦ~
ǲôᣡһ˹Ҫҧҡͣ˰СС֫ϵİڶš
~~
ˣٹҾˡʹĶǡ
ЦҲЦˣԭĵط˳㿴ոձҷŻȥС룬Ŵ۾أǺǣҰССӱУǳ˵㣬Ҳȸʱһ㣬ǺǡЦ~
ÿɰССĴ𣬵Щüë۽ǡȻİĸҺ~
ϱһǱߵһȴ֪ʲôʱˣŴīɫ۾㶵ĿҡҲÿɰ
ҰССѣŵһ𡭡ɰҲܿɰǺǡСҹĺɫëƵͷȽĳǿɰˡ
ʲô񣡡ĳֻС޷˲ĺС
~~ҲŲ㡭
һֱһԵͻȻԴҶˡǺø˵ŰѲ˹ĸСҹŪ
Ұǣǵ~Ǹ
ˣλǲˣ𣿲ȻɲҪ˵ΪСµ²ŸϻġһֱֱĿ
ôˣº͵ĵһЦԭǸϲģҲû֪ͨǣҪǱһϲҲ뿴ıʲôǺǡ˵ͻȻɫһ·ϵ£Բòۻȥңʴ֮һѾ˵ſұЦЦףΪ˵Ҳ׵ı顣ˣ˵ҲȤڵȤȫСˡÿɰҧһڡ
ҿź̽䱸İСѣԶԶĵطߡûҪҧǵģԼ᲻ء
ཱུۣʵ̫~ãֲԾƮ˹ȥ~
𣿡ҿյߵղĵ
ָָԼյƤµգޱ˵Ҳġ

ʹڶվ뿪ˣǰקקСʲôԭҲû˵ҲʡһֳɵС۸Ǻܺġ
ʳһڶѲ˵ʹĳСµ
ң׵۹һɨҶѳСɽƵŶ𣬲ʳŶ~
ԭȵк˸ɾûʳֻϲһĶ~۹ƳƳΣֻüͷһʳͻʳָƫиպö׼ҵ
~һûͿСɫһ䣬̻ʵķƣȻҿڻü

۸ˣ۸ˣҵ㡭
۾ڿʲôأԱСǸոû~
Ǻǡۻ~ô~ǰڵС
ˣΪʶѡ˸̫㿴ᣬҶ~
УҲѧ㶫ɡ̫ˣ˳ңࡣ
ˡһкǧ
һһߺߡҸҪСҪѧʲôֱˡУôҲһʺҪеӵ˵һ~
ҿһͷ׵ƮƮģƮ˹ߵҸǰһȣȡϳߵʺ󣬻ʺ򸣡
ǽ̵ǵѧʿҲ˶˰~ôѡ˵İѱǽһظܻҪӣ
һӾֵľͷ
ҪĥǵıУҲͬ⣡Ҫʣ
Ұһ°̧
ҪǾԵ֢״ң
Ϸжšû뵽ġ
һһɨ˶ûжһԡѵҵĻ
 
15
ҹŻǧ䡢ꡣ·תһҹ衣ѩƽƣЦӯӯȥѰǧٶȡȻףȴڣƻɺһҡһҡ
Դ˼ôʣôʣ˳ðֱߵ̨ȫȻ޶ԹſһߣɤŵŽɴҵѧߣؾ־磺ҹϸ¥·侳һҲ´ղڣΪ㲡侳ҲǧٶȡȻףȴڣƻɺ侳Ҳաա?/P>
ó˯˯ã㲻Ҫ̫֣ŭĿɫࡢֽŲѧʿݺݵĵ
һ壬ɫէէף˵ҡҲҡʲȻһ̵ʧȥӰ
徻һƣˮɺӣʲϢ
û˯ΣͻȻ֪ˣһۣ˳ʲᶫơӦҵĶ䡭
ʹӿߣҾͲ㲻СȻһɣûҵĿѾͨĶ䡣
ǸģüëֱѾ϶ͷơ
Ҳûʲ˵Сӣ̹״ӿܴϣҪִУֻ˵ң࣬û˵ҪҸһѧѧ
ұںڵ׵ӿе飬Լ½⡭ȫܹҡϡҪǸ~ö~˼Ǹ~
ͷ䣬ջѹüŶ~𣿡
һԵѧʿͼŮԽŲԽԶȻܵŷڿʲÿġ
ΪʵŷίĵǰҺ˵~
һǰĸͷҧҵĶǵ˵岻ʣܵҹ
һŻȻǾˣ˺üءء
ܱѡߣҰ㡭ͻȻ˵һ룬ȥĻתҪҽúóͷļ٣
̬ȴǿ϶֡ʵҲû취˵첻Ρջͦ˵~ǿ~
ˣСȥˣ̧ȥûӰ
ˣңĬ꣬ȥˡҵͷޱĵҪʵڲϲˣҲġ
~~
͵û˵ˡ
ϷԣҲܡ˵
ͲҵĥӲݣӦһҡֹ£жյһⳡ粨оյİȻȹ
ڿʲ᣿Ҹڱǵſڵңߵ
㡭ǹ·ûģǵġСһ죬ĵ
͵Ŷ~ҿ۾գգǺǣǵģǲ˼ȥ~
ϣϣϽϧСѣ˯ˣֻСҹڿȥģ߽˫ۡҪÿɰ~
ССӱСģоúãһ˫ںӻڹµµתһȴǿңֱͦң࿴ȥ
Сһɣ˼ˡۺ졭
˲֪ʲᶫֻңһСһҵǺǡú桭
16
СչСӣ֣ңԽ󵨵סƫܣʵҲֻ᷽СҹʼˣңֺСҹƫŭĿ
ʱڿһζתѾ³ˣҸС죬СңҲһԸСҹо
˽£벻
ģҿСɫС죿
ҲȥңֺСҹԵ£ܹ
ҿ˿ССѣˮ۾еİǷڹĻܲģҪǴϵĻ
ડડ˫ˮ۾
üһЦȻһȥѱڹҲãѾ˱һҪõĶڲ磬ŻῪʼʱ仹ܳԣ
û䣬ͿһţҶߵܲܲȥblzyzz
ȻǺǡ㲻ȥǿ϶Һġһһ䣬ͿҴææкԱˡ
ŵ׵һжɵĽУǳ˹ӿڣûʽʼںӵѾ˸߸ߵĿ̨صΧˣѰպһЩ̷
ȵİŹļϸ£λǱȽϺõһ̨ڳ֮ʱѾȻ·˿һȺ˿һҴ˼ҡ
Ҫƽʱ͹Թ˯ˣ˿ȴ쳣о񣬳ݶĴСҹҲصĻӶԼС֡պôң˷ܵϡ
Сģңһߣۣѵõ۵ĳ
ǲǺǡʵҸĵ°ڷŵĸɫСԡúóԡþûԵȫСˡ
˳ң˷ܵͨСǺǡȻǸӣʵҲǲ֪˾ٵ˼ֻǺǡʵҲûʲᡭҲµûдĻգҪңңˡ
վе᲻õģȻСеݺݵģʵҲһˡĺӣңǶʱڣ˵һп£ҿдķ֣Ҳʲ£һʼջǻֻǲ֪ټСʱֻǶ֮ˡ
ݱĽҿ˿ԼСɰȻڲ֮䣬԰ϤӰһšǡ
ոյӦѾ뿪õңңİɡ
ҲգһǳҵģҲʺ⡣
ʲ᣿ҿҵ½ǣԶԶ뿪ʰعĶ
Ҵȥط~ЦģҲġȻᱻһǰ顰ķŶ~ԭҶĲ~ǵģСӣҲŲǮ~еǮĻԶָ⡣
ߣߣߡ
ǮҳЦ
ͣתߡ
˵ģʡЦи󶫼һǮǺǡʵҺ֮ǰˡ
~~ûкܶˣвٵΧӼһ顣
ߡҵ֣һ䣬Ϳмڳ࣬Щơ
ѯʵĿ˿
Ȼ˵㣬ֲǳǮʲᡣ˵ҵıӡ
ᣬҪ~

ǵ治棿һɷɹֱ
棬Ȼ档

17
ʹ죬˳˸صеʱѾǻƳϣȻѾڹеȺʱң൹ѵõԴһࡣ
ңƣҲûʲ˼˵£һ˰ŪָͷСǰǺǡȻе᲻õİ~
СʲÿģһŤڳһƵ
ȥС𣿡ֻĵʲѽ~ǵģСӦСӦе~
ʲõģǵġһСһȥˣǻǵ᣿
ȻǵðǺǡȻһãҲǸֶµСˣǼ˵ǿˡССһ
ǿ׽Ūİɡߣϱдҿ㣬㡭
ˣҾСһƽϣȻȥСҲƫϧ̫ˣ˯ˣССѣͷͷ˯һ𣬱ͷһһģƵ͸۵ļɢĹ⣬ˣҧһڡ?/P>
룬һûȥͱСˡСϡᣡһûأҪˣǲƽϰɡ
롣ͣһϵȻһСѣ
̽ͷȥ˿ǺǡŪˣҲŲ~
һССҵע⣬ԭ˯һСϵСҹ֪ʲʱˣĴҿˮ۾ɷǿɰ~
ңһתݺݵСҹһۡҪСŵֻң˯ľҿʲᣡ
˭֪Сҹ˸ģң˸ĹǺǡ
ңһæ˳ȥ
ҽ͹ŮտСҲ˳ȥͿվҹɫеССӰЩЩĵܼǵ᣿ģĿһ͡
ҹͰңˣûСոҶ죬һ¿ࡣĴοǣңѶزдķ
Ҿֵǣ͵͵ңگӡ£֪Ƿ񿴵ˣӦǿ˰ɡ
СҲ˵ЩʲᡭǵģҾЩ񡭡
СѸٳͷ۵ҲԽԽ࣬ʱʹָˡֻһգȴСľ俴һúϵС
˵ʵҿʱһΪ͵͵ңеӡ¡~~Ҫ~Ҫһ~~νܣ
ңྐྵȻС˼İɣ
ãĵ
ͦ۹~~˵
ҡ᲻~УСǶҵģҴеȻῴԽԽ
һˣ˵ûһˣѾҵıˡ
е½ţ⣬գɣգɴ۾ҡ´һע⡭һע⡭Ǻǡ

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