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Ш. 

ӡȽĵطǳĿɽѩĺζ7000ϣνԳʣѶɡ 

Щѩ֮䣬һѵĹ·ÿļаʱͨУصӡؿʲ׶˵ɽ·գ·ϵʼղࡣ 

ڳйߴԼ70ĵط·ڱɽһıӣһ絶һͱڣıӣһҲǶѩɽ˺ˮ⣬һƬžһˡ 

ȻŹ·Ķ԰û֪ͱȴһСɽ˾ӨĺˣҲϱ鸲ţ 

ĶʱȴһˡǷִоѻӺ 

һǰĳʧڹҰȫίԱǿ𶯡λйµƵĻ鱨ȴ鱨ֶ֮¾ӡ͹ֶǰһ׶ε춯չ飬ȴһˡͷеĸ߶ȻܣҰȫίԱܽڹڣ͸ɱۡ 

һɹ͹ͨȫԸ׷ܷеĳͨƵǼ˲òðմس 

С;ɱˡ 

Ӻڰص˵·ϣѾ55ҹˡ 

ʱ7£ȴȻϮˣ¶0ңҹή30ȡӺƵıůڱǶںã˷β5ֻܳԸŨʳƷ˾ܹúõ˯һֻҪһгӾͨڶڴ̽ǣ洢Ŀʶ복ϵϸգжǷѻ 

ϴͨѶӵԡըʽźţδĿꡣ 

гֻ̣¶ԷӦõ߾ˡֻ·ҪôҪô߰ءݰţ÷ߡһؿˡ©Ŀ꣬ͱıƻӡؿʲ׶뷽跨С 

ûʱ̽㷢źţصķʻ 

Ӻ׼ûͲͬʱע̽ϵĸݡ 

ܿ죬ȸкͺ̽Ѿ֣ţʶǸĿϡ 

Ŵҹǣ档 

ڵҹɫֻ㳵ƵĹԼԼţҹ·ʵݳ˵ĵ 

Ӻѥϵıצ߽վ壬ŻͲ׼ƶŵĿꡣ 

ʶٴηȷϡźš 

Ӻǿ۶˰һö 

һľ죬Ǳ߹·ϵһŻ򣬷ײɽڣȻڵϹ˼Ȧ˱ӡ 

ҵıը˲ٱϵĻѩѩ½ 

ӺЩѸٷˡĿźţ漴ͻͲյƵĵɽ 

ȵѩĳƽϢѾĹ·гĺۼԼըɽƬȴԡȷϲҪȥر㱳ϵɽӱһ˳漴ɽԽ룬йڼѵذȥ 





11. 

204481սڡ 

ľûһַ̬Ƿвټ翸ǵĸ߼ϯ̨ϣУ١ξ٣˻⣬бٵúܡ 

˾⣬һЩװԱһԱ䴩ȥ 

ʢģƻ𣬳˾ȫ룬žݷ⣬ԱǻǾűȽʽķΣȻȵֱðȴҲϯ̨ţЩȻҡţҲļš 

ʱ˶ī̧ͷſС 

ڻϿգ޴ĺһֱڶɫļ-32սڽпؼݡֻӥڿչطŽͷŸյĶ󣬷ɻӷɹ̲㣬׳۵غʡ 

Ĺȫ 

ֱɻ½ߵĹڲվ쵼ѭҪӼμؼݵķԱţ߲ɷùһЩ쵼ɵʼɻ 

ӺʱҲվϯ̨ߵĹȺУ΢ЦſŷɻͣƺԱ촩ŶTͱţп㣬ȥúܣǸߵ뿪ȴվûж 

Զиŷз߷ɱǸߴӰɵЦŨ 

׺ͷ󺹵ܹЦݿ˵Ӻôҷɵôɣ 

Ӻ̵ͷǣǳ 

׺ץŵīϵЦݣ̲סһѱס̾ᣬҪӣֻܺһϡ㣬һô 

Ӻ̿ʵҲͦõġÿμ棬ǶܿİԶʱ䳳ܡ 

׺̻ϲǰСʤ» 

Ӻһֿʼ̲סЦҡҡͷ 

վڴ̫ȴûȡĵÿģϽ˹ 

׺񣺡ٺá 

ػ˸Ц˵ɵò 

׺ɴлл١ 

º͵˵Ϣɡ 

׺ֻһѰ˺ƤƷзֻ˼˳Ĩ˰ϵĺˮֱˡ 

һۣʲôŽп顣ҪԸڿյҾ͵ȥְˣ칫ҡ 

׺˸Ұɣ֪д£ȥ칫ңǲҪҵ𣿡 

һǻʲôɧ 

׺ƤЦ˵Ҳ㷢ɧֻ׼ȷʵѡ 

ӺǸĶԻ̲סЦ 

ȰؿʵӺȲȣ 

׺ôһʣɵգգۣΣֹţƫۡ 

ӺǿЦ⣬ɵ˵Уȡ 

˵ͷĵʵ˵˸ߵĹ 

ǰӺͷ־ļߣ¾ͿԹˡ 

Ȼƻ׺üɫЦԼϲϹ棬͸ɴȥμߣⲻһãԼе棬÷˱ʸ㡣 

ӺЦеĽ 

׺ɿ˿ҡͷֻΪ˶ѡһǵҵķԱȡԱ½򣬷ϻǡ 

Ƕ˵²Ӻȴ룬Ϊ⡣ûеӺļ磺ˣɵıҲˡӣһ٣ӡǳȥɣڴ̫ɹˡ 

׺ɴϲһǣ١ 

Ӻһ˹ĵ˵ײټ 

Цŵ˵ͷŶ˳§Ǹŵкӣһ̵ˡ 

׺ɾ°˷֣ƬûͣشӺͣһüգԼȥ˻۵糸س廷ٹ· 

Ӻ˹شӶͳһֽųݸ׺ɣȻóֽͷϵϸ 

׺ץֽĨĨϵĺˮȲǻȥƵ𣿡 

Ӻ18Ѿһʱˡ׺ǾˣоԼܳӺҲʱȥΡʵǾࡣÿܹһʱ򣬼Ȳ׼ԼᣬҲҹҹǾͻȥƵ꿪񻶡 

׺һʣӺЦڻһСԢոװ޺ãסˡȥǶɡ 

׺һϲɵһķ̣̫ˣôû뵽취סƵǮȫСģҲ㰡 

Ӻ٩һµľжٰԼⷿǲǸ㸯ˣ 

׺֮Աǣ뵱ˣôܸʲôܵ£ȻеӲ࣬СԢǮеġأĶǮ򷿣 

ѰӺ΢ЦһƬ־磬500飬棬1000飬ͼģյǮ͸ࡣҸոһϵμǣƬ֣־縶3ѡҾ͸ڣⷿӡµ30갴ңҲ𡣡 

׺̾ǱʸӱǹֵǮ 

˵ţ廷ֱ山廷漴ʻ·ڣӺָʾһ·˻۵һ½С 

ﻷģŷʽС׼䣬רϰİǵġʱϰʱ䣬Сѻȸһ˶ֻмֻͥ԰Ļ֦ԾС 

׺ͣӺס¥£˴ŵ룬˵ݡȵŹϣ̼еذסӺҵס 

ӺŰ20§סҵػ 

ٵݺܿϵһ20¥Ŷһ죬Ŵˡ 

׺طſһ첽˳ȥ 

Ӻļװͬʱеĵɨָƺ۾ͫײܹ򿪡ǿпţԾͻ򣬴ʾиʽʩֻǣЩƷеĹ⣬Ӻһ⹦ܣǷըп漰ܵȫ١ 

ʱѾʹýԿˣֻһЩлعȻ˲Żʽ֮ΪʱС 

Ӻʱֻж̶̵30룬׺ȴǷǳĵȴֻȫлȼգܡò׵ȵӺ˷ţһѽƽȥǽϾǡ 

ӺŴԶϵŷ˾ݺݵš 



ٵĺڼžڻš 

ӺֻԼڱһͷСϻ˺ҧţ˫۵úܣ޺֮࣬ҲϵҧŶԷ˽Ӳ˽ǶţǲԼͬطֿЦ 

ӺشϢţβ˵ϴ裬׼ҵĴ 

׷ɺͨ죬ð˶ĺ顣 

ӺԼܿյһţյԶز⵽ĸ£ǿ书ܣѸٽǣѪյ˵ֻǾѾѪڡ 

׺ɶ˵һ·һԡĶ 

Ӻ΢΢ЦţָָԱߵһš 

׺ߣһϴ 

º͵ˮܿϵĺҺ˸оǳʡ׺ɿӺݵ壬еƣˣһֺеģôֲҾһ㣬ҲɹһЩ 

Ӻֹ̽ס§§Цţ㵹۷ɡ 

ǵȻ׺嶷ţһĽ׳š˭ļ߻Աһҵ 

Ӻ÷ĺѣ޼ˣȻȥߵ˵ôĳɼҵҸʲôأ 

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ӺЦǵǱˣҿʡ²ӡ 

׺סխϸˣǿɲСţҪһ׶ս̹ģ͡ 

Ӻ̿磬Ǻܹġ 

׺һ˵д֣ţƱ˵ֿʲô˼;˵װ⡣ 

Ӻ̲סЦԵĻ쵰úúã㣬͸ǡ 

׺ɰˮĿأԡţú᣺ð´λʱ͸ҡ 

ţáӺëº͵شӦš 

Ϊ׹ĹϵɣǴСܵԼ̽ʻܵĽѾϰߡ׺ɱҵ󽫻ȥۣӺ֪Ҳͷβʡ׺ɿ˵Ȼ˵ǾͱǾ»ܣȻһ֡ 

׺ɼ͵ؽ˲ɾӺײҡûװޣֻע⵽ſߵĴ󴲣̱㱧Ӻӵ˴ϡ 

˹һɢŸɾϢĴϾ׺þȫӺ૵˵ˣҷ 

Ӻڼҵصġ 

ǾͶˡ׺캬סֻĦȣ̲ס 

Ӻ壬ӿȵĿ 

׺ɴ緢Ҳʣ㰴һϰ˴ͷĳ룬󻬼 

һж켫ģ֮˵Ĭ廹飬ȻȻ໥̫ͼĺڰ˫㣬ֿʱУңʱǽƺϣˮ齻ڡ 

׺ɽԼĳ֮УɶζзһĿУ˲ͷһƬհ׵ĸֱ߳׵ػС 

ţӺӺһɣҴһɡ 

Ӻҵĳײţ˵ããá 

ûϴҫ۵Ӵ߼Ҿһõ壬ʹá 





21. 

ĵһ͸ķ϶䵽ǽϣ׺ɴӳ˯۾ 

ӺȻĻͷĸ첲˯㡣 

һ񻶣˾ûڵأۼ˱˯ӵһֱҹɫӺ뵽һҪӣżܾٴεȡ˴Ҵҳ˵㶫ӵ˯ȥ 

׺˯ǰֱˡѡ񶯰ʱʼԽԽңڽѡ΢УӺ˯᲻ö 

оߣӺҲ˹ûֻۣǵ͵͵˵ˣҪ˰ɣ 

׺ɽס̾ϢǰҲߡ 

Ӻһ΢ЦɽΥ 

׺ɽļѣƵ˵ҡ 

Ӻֱʹϣʱ˽οصշҲؼһʱ 

š׺ֱһų̾˿ſ˯ɣҳߡ 

ӺȴǵóԶȥϴɣҸŪһ㡣 

׺ҲͲپܾ 

⻹Ӻһ³ŪԡǰǶھƵҼҷݣ˱㡣׺ϴŲϰŵĻȼ嵰˾Լһţֻ̣23Թζһٷ 

ӺüЦ̻ʵӣɵúЦ㵹Ǻ򡣡 

׺һͷң㻻ԡ 

ӺЦЦ߽ԡҡ 

׺滩ˮ̧˿̴ڴڵس嵰ȹţ̣վҪʰ 

ӺѾԡ۳ЦˣŰɣһյġϽ߰ɣһٵˣա 

׺΢΢һЦ˵ 

ӺЦе߹ȥվǰ 

˵ĸͷ࣬Ӻȴ࣬ȥ·׺ҪһЩ峿Ϣǣ˲ؾǸʺϼʱֵ糿׺ȴҲܵ顣 

Ӻסʮֲ˵治ߡ 

ӺֻЦţȴʲôҲû˵ 

׺̾˿ڷſ󻻺·ţȥ 

֮ûвĸ𣬸ụԼ绰ߡʼ֮ġǵĹͬڲϵͶݵ֮ǻǴӲδҲӲԷ뿪Ӱֻǵһȹÿһ۵ʱֻ̣ǵеĻ֡ 

ӺŷŹϣ侲ؽϵıõŵ๦ϴܹԶϴɣȻŵҪˡ 

ߵһķܲźţȥ 

·ѸţʻһעĿİɵСܳ򱱾ȥ 

һСʱ˸ٹ·Ǵȥܲ۵С¥ǰ 

С¥һƬյأֻвƺûУ¥ｫΧһšԶΧΧסſڱ˽˾ֲǻԱ롣 

Ӻϵĵʶ룬ŴŻ500ʱŴĵӼ豸Ѷĳɨ裬ȷĻܵȼǱģӽſʱͨŸѹĴű㻺شˣɿسֽعرա 



22. 

Ӻƽ̹·ͣ¥ԵͣѾͣźüˣɵЦ 

ʱܳ˺üˣȳƤ΢֣ʮ̵΢΢ͷȴǺɫ27꣬йˣĸȴǰˡϣ˸ĸеŵ㣬ӢϻۡСÿ˶յļܼ⣬óڻе档ʻʽͨߣܸݵʱʱװԼֻеװʵ˫֣̾Ϊֹ 

ʱϲسȴû³çӵӺֻ֣º͵ʵϴ󣬺þòˣô 

Ӻ΢Цͦõģأ 

ţĥŽװ䳵ʱĳװ׳Ҫʱ䣿˵üɫ衣Ϊܳ10ӣûˡ 

ӺЦͷ 

ûٽſѾЦˣϴվڴ̫£л˵ 

СС¡λȥεεĹ23꣬ȻͬǣʵǸ൱侲ˣóԡɱʱż򵥵İ׳ţп㣬ǳŮѧ 

ӺЦЦ߽¥š 

Цϴ˵÷ֺʶһλŮ 

ģӺЩؿ 

ǰ˵߮һΣ㵱ˮ¹Ц 

߮ббǽߣ˵£ף㽫һֱߣͱ㶾ʼصϹһӲ÷ 

һЦ 

ӺҲЦ߮˵Լɣ 

ʱѾȥڿУԧȣһнһеع߮ 

߮26꣬Ҳλɱ֣һ΢Դǽɽֻ˫۷ٸµĹһһ⣬ȴû 

ʱ嫡׿ꡢ÷ֺһλǨ߽һƣǶЦ 

ǨСڶƭżΪĵַλ͵һĻ棬ǻ˵ôˣ޻Ϊҳλö 

߮һԺȻתһһǨ 

Ǩʧɫһ㵽ӺƴУϴ 

߮ʮĬ飬ڿһתۣǨ߮׼ʱǨܵԱ΢΢һ֮ʱһֱ̽ץסǨ漴һˤɾ̵ڵء 

Ǩɱֵļлȫɥʧ˻֮ˤôǲô۸˰ɣ 

˶Ц 

ʱ컨ϴεȫ嵽ҿᡣ 

8˵ȫΪ֮һ䣬¥СҡǵĲĶܳȴݣȴ¶˷ܵĹâ 

8ƽʱи񣬺ܹ۵ô롣Σǽӵεټ󣬷ֱڵһʱӲͬĵطȺټ׼ȥһÿ˶ʮӻԾ 

ڻߣÿǰһĻ 

侲ؽĻչʾǿϸ 

ʵӣһʾǱˡ 

Щýϴ÷зˣзҳĿλʺĴֱ˭ڰйˣ 

ǵһϵпֲϮ¼д󲿷йˡ 

ڰֲҹйԮĿʿأóǹɨ䣬7935ˡҰʱȫ磬йͰͳǿǴһŵĿֲϮ¼ýҲϮߵı۷׷ף˵һ 

ţڰͻ˹̹ը¼ը9йʦ 

ڹ˹̹йʹϮй⽻ټԱը 

ڼ˹˹̹صй̱ѪϴֲϮ˵صľ֣˾ֳ 

ȱ˹ֲ̹Ӳɱ˵ص˹ڽ䣬ҽȥݵĵش󷨹ٸǹɱԭֻǰ˼й 

ϸĻϲϱ任Ƭ֣ԼһЩرעʾͼ 

˵ʿѪԺҹɳ˹ϸһ߽˹ͻعƣһչ顣嫡׿ǨҲǸùеĹԱǵ죬Լ鱨רҶǴĸϵķĿǰȷϣһϵвҰĻ־ǡʥ¸ͷĿһΣյĿֲӣмɳ͸ҹ׼һϵпֲϮ¼ˣǱжֹҾץعҪġ 

8˲һԣֻרעš 

ĻϷɿ˸Ŷÿϸж 

μ˵ĿǰԿ϶һֱٲڡ¡Ƿ뵱صġ̸˹ʶȷ鱨ˣжС顣AӺ롮¡ӽ˹B߮°Ǳ룬A졣C嫺׿ΪӦΪAB֮ܲ䱣ϵDǨ÷ΪAԮʱӦ𣿡 

ˡ8 

θɾ˵ãе鱨ϺϸжƻǺúоо3֮ 

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3. 

8µȴ·ȼգ˸ҳಲ̫ߣܿƤͻᱻˡ·Եر𰲾˶ڿյû¶ҳ̫ɹˡ 

Ϫ޹ʻȴȻַǷ 

һ¥öֱעšൽĳڴ׼ˡ 

ȥ飬֮࣬ȴҲ֮԰ΣǱ㰴Լϼ㱨˽롣ãӵѾԭĲţĹ19֡ 

Աֲȫ磬ȫҪײ񣬶һȥǵİȫΪǵİΣֱӰйĴ֡ 

ͬʱͬ飬ҪʵʵͶ룬İ¡鱨רҷܻܿڽԴ֮Ϊͳôͽǡһ¡ڱйĺʯͨǳҪ 

йȫȫʯͽڹձɫһֱ뷽跨Ӵ͹ܵͨйĽĿĿǰйڵ80%ԭȻɺ䡣ͨϣôйľ̼֮ܵ֡ˣйһֱڲضסĸͼ 

պΪBͳ䣬ٿӰB20꣬ãΪİ£𵽵ýʮشˣʵѾˣйعĴ£ٶ 

һΣӺݸİ飬ϪޣֻҪ·ãҲǾյġ 

ȴʮ˷ܡһٽӵϼָʾҲ׻׻СİȫðˣȴоǳįԣЭԼ˽롰¡ʱ˷ 

ǰB֮ǰйطѾ̵ܵ档 

ŶسɸԴ˵绰ɱͷһأԼĽɳλ˲ϣȥ¡ֱ˹ϹϵֱӽףӶͨ˽ߡ»˹20꽻ϣԴѵķϣæһ¡ 

ԴԴҲšɱĻͷһڰȴɱģר˽ݷɱĻͣľʮִ󣬶ͷڹʮּʱãǰлǹеרңܹݿͻҪʮ¡ǵĴ󲿷ֻԴ»ṩģ˫һ졣 

һΣسɴ绰֮⣬ԲڴĳһҲͨһԼӰӣŵʹ˹ֱӽף䷽Ȼύ»ĴӣȻһɺǳԿһɫҰܣݵòΣģֻûˡĺԴȻûвӦĵ 

ͬʱɱʮ˹λӡɳҮװҲ˵绰һԼĺĽɳˣȻһڴӦɳҮǵĴ֮һսͳֱ;ҩļʮֺˬӲǷÿΪ»ᴴľߴǧʿͻȻҪάģֻҪǹݵҪǲܾġ 

ܿ죬ǽӵĽɳĵ绰֪ͨǵʱͺࡣ 

˼ɸ֯емɲȥһӾˣҪͷǽ黹꣬һֱʮôȵûҪµԷڼȫôչˡ 

ȴҪȥӡЦ˵֪أȻ塢Ƕ绰Щ˵Ҫġǵĵϳʲô£Ҳǽɣ 

ҲŲٷԣȴ˼˸ʲôΣա 

ȥ괺ڣıܡĴܴۿҽԺ䣬Ĭԣ۵ʵ 

ĺ£ûаɫ֮ܲ½⣬ͳڴҲңôӣԼᣬԼı֮أʲôҵڣֲ㵹Ҳˣҽ㣬ǰװһкӣô꣬ͷһգʲô˼ȻϽٻɣ˭֪㣬ҲҪۡ 

ʹֻܵͷĬһԿţʵܣϽЦֵؽ͡ҲȢð£˵۹ûʲô绨Цȫû֮أҲʵơΪ˵壬аʮѹԴǰܺ󣬽ĺ°ƯƯǸŮ˰Ų̳ϻǵķɻ˿ 



ԺǱһˡ³ȣרһýнڣټױȵĿòܿõ˹㷺֧֣ڽԱѡ˳ѡ 

ţԴ»飬µεΪϯ鳤µ̳һȫ򾭼Ȼһ֮ʹBʧҵ½2%ʱ̣ɵ΢ 

µĶýһֱйעŹһлɷĻϢڣע㲥ﱨĺϢһȺߺȻ֪ĶðΧסӵʱһ 

ԴżڵĹԱƲҪǲʱȻӲ󶼲վֱӣӢϹºò΢Цǳˡ 

ȿֺš 

Դ⾺ѡͳΪľѡ飬Ƿʵ 

΢һüĬصδ˵¡ 

ôѧߣѧδΪܷ񵣵ԱΣ 

ȵ΢Ц룬ӦͶƱ񡣡 

λŮ߼ʵǰǻģ԰ɣ 

⣬׼ַеųɾˬЦݣů紺磬͵صŮʿνᣬǶһҵĽ綨ѣҵһҲклһŶۡҪ˵ĻһҵûУģҲ޷ϣһȶĻõ򣬲Ŭپãʹܹøá 

иɻĻشΧļ߶һ£ȻһŮæҼת˻⣺ӭ˭ģҪ𣿻ǰǸڵϵˣ 

ЦݿؿС㣬ѵġֻͨ̽ʿ̸ġ 

ȻⲻȤʵ¸½ŷŷ鳤̸ʽ̸Щ⣿ 

̱˵ҪǾҹó֯ŷ˹ͨϣܹһϵзһ¡ 

ЩӻԾʣȴǳšע⵽Զվˣߣ̶Щ˵ԲҵȵĺѾˣȷʵûʱٻشҵ⡣ǻҪɷõĻ򱾵Ĺز磬ǰʱ䡣ллҡ˵ţͻΧҴǰȥ 

Ҫ׷ϣǼġԱΧ£ǽס 

ˡֻڿӵ绰ϼĽɳ˵ʮƯ΢ֵƤϸ࣬ںڵͷ΢΢һ֪һаѪͳֻҲԸ˵ԭɣ 

ԵǸĸòʮֱ£ȴ¶ɢϢһǧ֮һ˸ 

İˣȴȻһУǼΥļˣ﷢ȣ֡ǰȥĽɳ֣ӭӭ 

ĽɳЦ鳤ǲ˼ӡ常ѣͲҪ̫Ľɳɡ 

ţãҲҪʲô鳤֮ͲҪٻˡҲЦЩŸ˵ġ 

Ľɳ̿ȴҲɴ̵࣬ͷõġ磬˵Ĵ˿ҵż񰡡 

ʵЦҡͷ⻰ɾ̫˰ǼߵĹüɲҪǵ 

ĽɳһɵЦ˵ЦôãźȻʶæָָǹһֱվһԵˣҶ常ϲİеӣһչˡС硣 

ҶȴȻģֻɨһۣȲ˵Ҳ 

Ҷһۣǰȥ˵СӭϪޡ 





4. 

ҶﾲؿЦݿȻĮƺȫΪԸ֣ 

ʱλԱϵԣһ˾ȻҲӣʱȻɫ 

ȴȻ΢Цȵ쵽Ǹǰ 

Ľɳ˵Сʱ常ô˵ģ𣿡 

ҶԥƬ̣ǿ̧һ£漴˻ 

ĽɳϽЦ磬ǧ⡣Сһ򲻰̫Ҳ̫ʲôòе֮뿴常ϣԭ 

º͵תͷ΢Ц˵Ľɳ̫ˡ˲ͬа죬Ҷ⡣ȻСһԸֲǵңô 

ĽɳͶұȻд֮磬ȷʵ鴫 

ЩǶļڷ׷跨ػعˣ߰ɡȥǵľƵϢҺΪǽӷ硣 

Ȼ˹󱦵أȻ簲š˵ţĽɳЦȥ 

ҶһɫƤдԱǰҪӹȴǳؾܾˣŪǸɫʮѿҶȴδ󲽸Ľɳ 

ߵͣ»˰ĽɳҶһĳ˻ٹ·Ϫۡ 

Ϊʵ»ȥϪĵҵ˽һ68´ãɡӱ׳۵Ľ38ǼƵ꣬10Ϊ֤ȯг15۳д¥5¥»Լİ칫ص㣬Ա˽˰칫ңԼµܲ 

ĽɳҶȻ¾Ƶꡣ 

߽ãº͵ǵסһ䷿䣿 

Ľɳ˵һ䡣 

ǡҪ׷ɣ 

νҪŴĽɳЦز 

Ҳ΢΢һЦס 

΢һͷߵ̹ȥ̨˷˵ݡ 

Ǹۼĺ׷ĽɳЦ»ļҵԽԽˣʵֵѧϰ 

̿˵Ҳ÷ǳɫȻȴϣѾڵϴΪѻ 

Ҷƺͷǻവдҡһ仰˵´ӱԡңžˮȻѾȲڳˡ 

¥յܸӦƣʮˡĽɳڿɳϲ漴ʾ˳ţǰؽ 

󷽷˷س죬Ҫ˵ʱװֱеĳ򣬲˼еȻأҲͼȥ̽עͨĶʱء 

Ľɳվ֣صӵ 

ĳȣȦˣһֱϷ֪֡ҪһǾֻݣԶָܻĿĸĸȥһУȫ𡣶ңԺֻܹӽԼսѵĻԽԽˡĳ˵һԶįˡΪѡĹ¶Ҳ˵ˡʱ˿̣ٸнȴ֪˵ʲôźá 

ĽɳҲǳ飬º͵ı˰οԼԵľ⡣ 

ãǲŷֿЩ˼þûˣһʱƲסЦˡ 

ǳϿҵ˵ﻰ˭Ѫ֮Ҳģÿλص󶼼úܡ 

һԥ̾һô󣬾ǹϵͳڲҲԱúܣҷͬľ֣ܹͬһߵģ಻ʶʡ塱ȥǷȫؼңʵ̫רҵˣȻѱҵˣܸܲҵɣˣ죬ֱˣȴûûģǳܡ 

ȴ֪ʲôǰҲõ˾Ц˵иҸ仰һƽģҷǳл 

һһĺȻ·һʯ˵أɵ¶οЦݡƬ̹Сʵô桭 



֪ӺϪ޵ʱ򾿾ʲôһԵСˣҲƽƽ棬ûʲôĶǵĸоһʣͷǵģܺãİɡ 

ڷģؿɳϣ˿ڲ衣 

ع˶Լʵôϲŭ֮ɫĻټɵʮֺ棬ôḻ˵治֪ôѡϵģȻʲôҲʡ 

²豭˵Ҫȥ¡ 

Сնص磬ڵҪ֮ϣȫΪA1Ϊ˱㣬ǿǲκʧģԻǲҪաȻݣȻ֯ˣӦعɡε˹绰Ϊһ¡ڵȥǸ£޹أ㲻ȥ 

ȴг񣺡ĽɳҲһʱ嶯Ҳûи¡˹̾ᡮ¡35ˣﾭӪùûһԴţβǽġô̾취ץȫҶݻǸȴδԸΪ˹һֱǳСģײκˡƸӣɽҰڶ࣬һͺҵʹӲȥҲҪܴۡǵʲôûҴţġ¡ 

˺Щԥ漴ԡˮ 

һεжεָӣǰָӺִҪȥҲ뾭ͬС 

Ӻϴ裬ֻźɫ㣬վűߡ˵꣬һ˼㵭صҪȥҲԡǣһ˹ȷʾǽ룬ͱ̷أõ顣 

ͷ 

Ӻһɫ޲ȴδϣֳϸŴֲ˫ҲǱֱ޳ϵķɫۣעĿȴصһȼյĻһɫͷһԵ쳣ȣ˻ϢǸõϾȻһƹЦݣһëȻ 

ǹֵй꣬һڶ⣬ν죬Ҳ֪ԼˣǣһȴҲͻȫë 

Ӻɫ죬ɵ΢΢һЦȴδ㴩· 

ԭȻЦˣĺĸоѸٵվضӺ˵ǽ롮¡˹˹ҲʾԸǢ̸ˣٷءҲһⵢ飬¸ҵŷޣǱߴ˶á 

ӺҲ֪£ǵ˵ͷðɣԸһȥ˵ҪȥǾͱҵָӣ⣬׶֣һǽ˵ʮֵͳֲΥϡ 

һЦǰ˵֣ǱȽרҵ㷴ѾͰˣͲҪСʧ󡣡 

Ȼû飬ֻЩƣôûи˶֣ʵûǷģ֪ԼݺΡ 

Ӻ㲻ٶ˵ʲôĶ㿪ʼ̵ش· 

һֻӣűˣ˽ 

쳣ϹЦҪ˺䣬ȴӺشǸȥжʱ¶֮ɫ 

Ӻûһֻӣ漴ס½һһؿϿӡĶܻ˵ĸоȴһֻ⬣¶У˸ĺ⡣ 

ŻعɵЦԭȻǴɱ֡ 

ƺһģСǡ˵ƺ³Ǹŵֺţתͷ 

ƺЩΪѣ·֪ò˵ӺתߵһߵĮ̇һˮȻվȥŴ⣬ƺĻȤҲûС 

ȴ·˺ܸðЦ˵˫ɱ𣿡 

Ȼ׹ֻǺ˼ǡǳ˵̻Ȼ򣬲ɵÿӺĻǡ 

˿ڲ裬ȴЦ𡣿飬֪ϢӺζҲν˵˵ˡ 

ӺȴһֻۣڴߵǣŴ¥µĸֶ˿ȥʮְȴиɻ·ʼնڽ䱸Ľʱ׼һɱֵϰߣκʱ򶼲и 

쿴˿ˣЦȥμ棬ǵĻеɳȴǾĽġ 

òվ֣ǫѷص̫ˣڵ߳15֮꣬˲֪˲Ľɳҳݣ 

·һǻеɳ򴰱ߵӺ 

ǸȻһĮȻżһڱˮɽһ㾲ֹȴ̺ž޴ 

֣ص˵ǵģǿֹ 

ɫ΢䡣 

3ǰֵġʱ޳صˣһ˫֣ǹе侫ͨԼӸװʹͨﵽԭƵڵ֮ͣ˫ȵԿƵĻеֻҪɵֳݵͶأ֪ȫֻ֪иɳ֣ʼǽСɳͶΪɳɳӲֻñʹԼװɱˡ෴һȴɱ飬ҳиǳص㣬ϲõӵ˺ֵţȺʵŷɥ쳣ݣһ㣬˷ʤΪи֣˳Ϊ 

˵˵·Ȼ෴ȴ·ѣҵֻͨɳǽеɳͿֹϳơ˫ɱ 

Щƣ˵ðĻðģʶɳ˿ɲ٣Ǿʵ̫ΣˡǸ̵ѪϴڵɣɱѪɺӣ֯ǲôɵġ 

˵ʣȻǡֵرֳԼĽ;ȣû뵽ôˡĽɳԭǽӰһֱ֪أ㵹ǰѱܹúá 

Цţº͵˵˼ʵ常˼˵зУ֪ҵݺҲƽʱҲ˵ֻмѲ֪е顣û뵽˵ˣǵĽǲһء 

æͣĽɳԼˣǧᡣҪǹ˹ԶɣϸĻǵģҲŶ˼䡣Ҳ˹֪ӣԾͶ˵һ㣬Ҳǵ˼ 

ǰҲһˡǾͷİɣ˹˹⣬ʲô˵ġҲ΢ЦŸ͡Ǻǣһе˷ܣһӿҲ֪İɣ˶ǣɳǹеרҶдд裬ԱƳ˸߼չָװǹе˵ģһҵǹǩɣ˵߼ۡ˵Ц 

ЦǰҲҿǰǹĻҸһġֻ׼һСǹ̫ʹˡ 

ʲôǹСǹʲôģʲôһۡ˵ƽʱ׼ǹʲô 

ʱʮƣ̾һҴǹһֻ֣ǲϰ߰ 

û˵ӱңһݽʱԵң˵γǹ˼ңǲͷء 

εҡͷúúãĻУ 

Ƿ򳪷棬̲ס̾˶˵Ľ˶Ӣͷԣֺã赺ϣһѵܹ֪İˣô̲סҪˡ 

ʱЩ˼ôã˿ʡ 

ȴˬ˵ĽɳһˣҲϹסǱͺã˶֪ 

⻰ߵӺЩ̿ϱ΢΢ЩˡǴЦǣҪʲãÿ 

Ȼһֱںڵϻ죬ֽ磬ȴȻȽϴͳʵڲԸ⹫Լ˽УǱֿ̧˿º͵صʱˣȥԷɡ 

̵ͷá 





5. 

ǳʢھƵ긽ĺƼİȴֻĸˡ 

֮ǰسɺͳһ˵ͷеϣǶԴ±ܣΣĽɳİȫûдĵؽӴǡ 

Ȼ˲࣬ϯȴңԵöǵİʮ⣬һֱЦӯӯȻаѪͳʳ֮䲢޼ɻ䣬ǸصĺȴĶɣȾƣȿȺͲ裬ֻȽྻˮҲԻ磬ֻϲأ໹Խܣ༸մ֡ʮֲ 

쿴һصϣɵôȤ̸ЦƵɣʮֺ顣ӺȴϢֻűӺˮżһڰ˻峴һֱûʲô飬ƺЩ쳾º޹ϵ֮ȥʮǿ 

ܿע⵽ӺʳϰߣԸټӼزӺƺҲΪģɫòǷǷʾл 

Ȼ˼䳡滰ű̲סѻ⳶Լǹеϣĵ¹G40KͻǹʽȴȻP226ǹǹеȱ㶼䣬ż˳һ䣬ľ飬θЩȱ㣬ʹøȶҲҲ 

ﵽźĻ̺ȻɫӺȻ潥ӽĽŲλڴ֮䣬ЧӦϮʱȻȵضˮһҲûıʾ 

ܿ죬»ĵƿ˰ţ乧˵磬Դˡ 

ЩȣȴվҲվ 

ĻľƵ񻨴űȫ򿪣Դ΢Цص˽50꣬ȴȻȣֱߴûһ˿׸⣬ȻһֱڼֶȻЦţ۹ȴƣһȻ𾴡 

æӭЦԴ壬ôҲˣҲǰ֪ͨһ 

棬һطԸţˣ裬Ӹꡣ 

ЦţҲ˹ӺȴֻվԵЩͷƺֳϵӦʮ롣 

Դ˿ǰˣֻһȫ£ʮƯһͨɫǳվһ𣬺ã¶˼͵飬ӭĽɳɣ 

ǣĽɳæ˫֣ʮǫסԴ֣ЦøϿҡԴǣҵСӦȥݷԴġ 

ԴǺЦҺ͵ģҲûôءǸ찢ǲܹͣ˵һ飬ҾͲˣǾλֶȻǴɳ͹ȻҪʶʶġλ꣬ǵ˿ǲ࣬Ȼлῴҿɲܴᡣ 

ڶгЦЩ˼ԴȡЦˡֻǺ󱲣겻֪ߵغײһʵҲԶﴫĳɷֶЩ˵ԶԶȲԴ˼ң磬ҲĪԴ硢ʿĽɳǸм 

Դ΢΢һЦֶĿڲҲϵļɰģȻǽУæһġ 

һллԴ塣 

ˣɡԴ˵ţӺȥ 

ӺƺǳԸֲ֣Դֻǿգʮ䵭ǲһԡ 

ԴֻеֻĽɳͬȳ޳ԵʮɣֵֻֻĻںָ֮Ǻ룬ǿӲȻǳǹϰµĺۼѵɱ֣ҲһɱǾԸԼַŵ˵֮Уֻһձſ漴Цԡ 

ѾѸָŷԱλӣղԼŵλÿˣȻӣԴ£ЦкӺҲƴ죬̬֮ʮȻܿʹϯձ 

˼лԴеʣ죬Ľɳǵ°ź𣿴ʲôʱߣ 

̴ˡѾ˹ͨˣһɳ͹ͬǼ棬ҪǱͬǰᡣ߲ˣֻðȥˡ·βȥԴϪֱɿ棬Ȼ½·ȥ¡ 

ͺáԴص˵ͷһ˾ఢˣذĽɳǵ°áҿҲûˣǰҪҰôСæôҲܹΡǿɱˣҲ޹⡣ 

º͵ЦԴ壬İɣһȫԸġҲʲôɣǸ˹򽻵ҲһˣǱߵǼõģӦûӡ˵ҲǸǽܴͻֲǳԿ 

ôһ˵ոǻԴЦŵ˵ͷϲؿţһοȥȰȥҪҷġ 

һֻϺŵԴǰĵƤЦ˵ԴԶҰ²Σ޵ݰ 

мصԴΪ̫ܵˣ常һֱ˵ԴڽϳƣΪ߲嵶û˲Ƿˮ𣬺ڡסͨԣѧϰİһΪңҪͷԴ绰ҪһˣҲ֪˵ʲôźá֮ʲôõĽɳĵطֻԸһǡСҲһʲôҪȥģ˵С 

ĻӺһԵ飬ˮһڣûп 

Դ΢ЦŵͷðʵҵûʲôҪģЯ󱲣ҲӦõģҪʲôرҿ졢ֻЩ𾢰ɡһ˫֣һǵİá 

һЦҲЦǻ˵ĽɳҲô΢ĩԵЧ͡ 

ظɱ̸һЩ޺ڵϷĴ£ձڰ뺫ڰڸɽսװֺ֧Ȼ䵼ձһ̴ձȴԴһֱֳĬһý壬׼֪˸оʮΡ˰죬ȻҪ죬Ҳա 

쵽βʱԴȻ˵˵÷ĿҲҪȥ¡һѴ󲿷־ڰ׷ˣҹȥ˹̸Ķͼ۸⡣ɵСһ㣬ñǱͻ˼ҵĵ̣ǶҲûô 

֣صص˵ͷãס 

΢ЩģǸɫһֱ԰⣬ϴôᡭѿڶ˵˰ؾæס˿ڣɵÿԴ 

Դɫһûг 

Ҳܲĵؿ⡣ 

һʱ䣬̻Ի͵Ŀ󷿼һƬžֻбš 



ƺЩãȻȴҶʡ 

ӺɨԴһۣĮȻӣһ㹽ġ 

Ƭ֮Դָֹ΢ЦͰض˵Ľɳһ㣬 

ϽͷϼһƬϺͽ 

Դкѹ鶼ȥôˣҲϡҾǱ߼ʱƲסԼʲôӣԲһ¡ҪмǣǱ߲ǵĵطҪ̣ʲôԺ˵ 

̵ͷǣҶףԴͷİɡҲСӣ֪ϵҲô˶û 

֣οصǳ£ҲæһʱҪȱ֤Լİȫȥأ𣿡 

סĵؿİɣֲҪǿҲҵĶ֣ңСء 

ʱҵʱ𾢵صǰԴ壬磬ǾͷİɣСڣҲᱣ֤İȫġ 

ԴǶ˳ƿӺһۡ 

ӺȻ䵭Ҳû˵ȴʮֿ϶ص˵ͷ 

֪ôģȻЦʹ죬ֻ΢΢һͷȴ˷ǳĵĸо·ʹҲţΧš 

쿪ʵЦðСﻤţҾ͸ˡǵҲǵĿˣİȫҲͷǡһ˸ġһʲô֣ҪСչˡ 

ЩΣԹ㿴⻰˵ģǱ޸֮ˡ 

΢ЦͣҵģҰ 

̾ҡҡͷ 

̿ȴֲЦֻǿ͡ 

Դı飬ɵҲЦĽɳֶ¡ǱӣȻɰţָ˹кȡͬ⣬ҲȫûΣգҲҪע⡣ҿºͣ飬ԭܺãʱҪеġ֮Сʹ괬 

ͷǣлԴָ㡣Ҿë常Ҳ˵ҺܶΣҺһֱСչţҲûʲô¡常һҪСȥҲ˼ԼҲעġ 

ԴֿӺһۣ͵ص˵ͷû뵽ССС;˳ɾͣȷɼʲôҪ츳ġ 

ӺδţӺ˿ˮ 

ϽǫѷԴˣȵϹĸ֣Ҳǳֵʱһ㣬ŴһСͷʵ΢ 

˫ɱɲСͷ׹ԴЦλֶͣȡĳɾͣʵǺ˲ġ 

Ҫǫ飬һЦˣҶԼˣҲٻˡ֮ǴҶɵòԺҪд裬ͬߡ 

һƬЦУֶྴƣȻһɱ 

ɢԻȥϢ 

գӺϪ޴һ졣ʹΪ»ĸ߲ɲװЯǹʱǴΪ̾˫ֺͲװǹеʱۻҵĶЩǹֶΪĽȻѽװǹеȰܵװģȻǳڽĽ 

֮⣬ҲӺ棬ȴ˿ֻ˵ֲյġʱʮѿֻǰĽɳӣȴҲá 

Ϫ޵ҹӺ˯ͬһŴϣȴǻţʮְֻ֮кܳһʱ䣬Ƕܷ˯ˡ 

һ磬̫Ծƽ棬Ѥĳϼӳ˴յʱǺ˷ɻŰͻ˹̹ȥ 





6. 

80ʼȫƷأǵġǡǵġ¡ġǡ 

¡λڰͻ˹̹Ľشơ塱Ϊõ״һʳơ¡ 

¡Ǽ̡ǡ֮չҪĶƷء1999꣬õѻƬܲѴﵽ4600֣ռȫܲ75һԾΪʱѻƬء 

ĩͳʽйڵļҵľԡǡδģɨʹǡĶƷսήͨҲЩɱ򡰽¡תơȥĶƷҪŷ޺ͱšǡĸҲΪĶԴռˡǡĴͳг 

һλشпԽ3000๫ı߽ߣ۸ӣּ˿ϡ٣ͨ㣬Դ״̬ͻ˹̹δЧʹõչΪ緶ΧҪѻƬͺأ񣬽ĺ70%һŷ޶Ʒгĺ85%ԡ¡ 

ѡڽ̼˺ͱֲ֯ϵܣ뷷ʹΪǵΣյĵط 

20ǰ߻ָӹһδģķж϶˹ʡͻ˹̹һٽǵĴ󲿷ֲֿ֯˳ɨˡ¡Ȼͻڽìܺսҵԭ򣬡¡ƷȦٶֳΪѻƬ඾Ʒءڣֲҵռֵ57% 

¡ѻƬ⣬Ϳɿ򣬼ͨŷŻ䡢ͻ˹̹ʶԽƷŷأѳΪŷǶƷó׵Ŧʹ½š 

֮ﷸͿֲӵãҲǸִءȫŵجΡ 

Ӻһڿ뾳󣬱»ڵصķֹ˾ϣһ·óԺסŹ·ͨ裬ֱ·֧ʡ 

»еļ˾зֹ˾ˡóס̵ȣǺϷӪ˰ӲڵףżӴһ±ĹԱѣûκο֮һ·ûκ鷳 

·֧ʡһֱڱңز֮䲻Ϸװͻ·֧ž͡·֧ߡȼ֯ʼıͻ˹ֽ̹ʡԼ֮¡ 

һ·֧ʡмǹϰŷͷӦ˵ŴŨؿӢͷ󣬱㻤߾ߡ 

ӺʼղһԣȴЩǵز·֧ӣǵʽкܴһֶɹ˹֧֣˶ڹ˹ĿˣȻܱ 

һ·оգǺܿ˳ͻ˹̹Ͱı߾ 

˳أٹǡֹ˾˶ܶأȥʲôûʡ 

ӺȻǸɫдҲҪκǿ֣ʮݡ 

߸ĸ󺺣ִҪŵİк֣ҲǸֵܣ۶ôΣգҲҪġ 

ΪǴӺ뾳ζûЯ 

ЩĬ˵Ĵ£Խ˰Ͱͻ˹̹ı߾ߣʵҲĻɽκ˶ 

Щ˳һɽԽƽأȥ˹ӺȴҲǲĽ粽ؽǣԵʮݡЩ˵¶͵ɫǵ̬Щ׽ˡ 

һ·УǺͣʳֻżȿˮͷϵĺʱѾһҹȴһֱû˽пࡣҶܳĬżЩ֮ʲͼｻ̸䡣ӺöЩճĽ̸ƩôߣϢ֮ġһֱûǵĻһ 

еʹôԵ𣿡 

û£Ҳֽġ΢΢һЦʵҪ֣ҲͱСһ㣬֮ǽҵģֻҲϲԶ֣Աûѡ 

Ŷ΢⣬漴Ӻ 

¹£Ǹ갲ضڵϣһ㶯ûУֻһ˫ڵ۾ɨܡȻһȻƺž޴˲ 

ɫĳϼȾʵʱǵˡ¡ıԵ 

һСӣ浽ǹѻƬɿС꣬̾Ϊֹ 

ЦŶ˵ı߾ϵģǹ붾ǵ󾭼֧򣬾ǧҪȥʼۡ 

æͷסԼĺģǹĵߡ 

Щ˶˸Ӣǡǵֻ͵ģǾͲˡæ񣬶лȻһֱȻóЦ˰֣Ǳֵˡ 

˿˵ʱ仹磬ҸطԷɡ 

̵ͷȻһжģ㰲žˡ 

ЦЦӵȥ 

һªСݣƺҲԺȲ裬·ûС 

Ҳ룬ͷ˽ȥӺĸҲšǵ϶ƽû˾ʲô߲ 

ӭǸɫڵ긾ˣˣ·ʲôѪͳУʲͼ塢̹ѪԵһЩɹֵЦţͬŵؿӢкǡ 

ҲЦŶ˵ͷҪ˲ͱȻЦЩպϳԵ㣬ȵ˽ٴһ١ 

̿Уû⡣ 

Ӻһƺϴּ䣬Ĵһ±ߣȻǸӲд 

ССĳһ˪һӺæЦͬصӢҪʲô 

Ӻصϴ֡ 

æһһߵ߸Ҩˮ쵽ˮرߣȻ󻺻صˮϴ֡ 

Ӻд˳ָ鵽Ե̨ϣϸϸϴ֣Ȼ˵лл 

ӷӣ˳ų̀ϵëݸ֡ 

Ӻӹëɿؽŵһ䣬漴ɾ֣Ŵ˳ 

Ҵҳ˶óʣȥ 



ո߳ڣǱ㱻ǰľɫˡ 

ޱ޼ʵȫˣһƬ޵ĺɫɫһֱյߣŰɫĻ䣬ȴҲ·ûһƬɫĺ 

һֱҹɫи·ȻҲдƬȴɫʣֱʱԵ־Ķǵõֱ⻨ȾøӶĿ 

߽·ĻİΧǰš 

ͻȻԶţǰɳһϺɫԽҰ۵糸߿󣬻ϾȻŻǹ 

վסˣ΢Цڷ˾Ȼӭӣ벻 

ӺǰǸݳ˵ݡ 

ա⣬ǹ˹ĶŮ29ꡣĸǷˣ˹طȢ̫̫̫̫߶뿪ӴҲûгֹճ÷ǳȴҲǳ25ʱ飬һȴɱԼɷԭ˶ȾηΪڷˣź󲻵ŭϲΪǶԼļƺ㴫￪ȫڵһջּΣյŮˡ 

û뵽¡Ĺ˵ŮȻԿӭǡ 

Ӻһۣ°Խ䱸 

ԶǾײǵʱһɲʱ̳˳һС 

ԵüɾϽָϿЩҲƫƫͷ̲סֻ̧˼¡ĸҲһ̧ǰӶһ߾ؿˡ 

ֻӺһǹһͦס̳߹ιһֱͶС 

漴ˣһŮЦݿվ˳ 

òԵں˷˺͵˵ŵ㣬˫ü̵۾ֱͦıĺ촽ɫĳƤ𪡣ʱɫȹӣԱߵĻһɫгʵظϸ֫ϥµСԵȳϵһ˫ɫƤЬͤͤ£·һʢڻ 

Ҳˣȫһɫ͵M16ϵеM4A9ǹǶŰɫۣɵؿվڳǰǼˣǹھŵϡȻǶʶ֪ѷǵС 

ЦӢ˵գôдһ¾Ȼô¡أͦŵġ 

Цǰ·Ҳߵ÷˴Լ˵һڱ׼ţӢ壬þûˣҺأû£Ծ͹ˡ˵ǴλͣҲǱʾ 

æ΢Цţò˵ʵڲҵҪͶڷ˴ݣĽɳҵ 

տ˿ȻϵİѪͳеʮУº͵صɳѾ˵Ҫ˵úܣǳϣܺú̽̽֡ 

һԼĸΪҲûʲôıʾֻ΢΢ͷҾרǰݷýģҪ뽫ָ̡ 

ĽɳǿЦ֣աǹеװ棬ĴʦҸ׺ָһĹʦ 

˵ָ㲻ҵԻд衣 

صͷ漴ĿͶվһһԵӺһ˫ֱŹ⣬ǳ̵̶΢ЦţȻص˵ɱиҼʶʶ𣿡 

ӺһĮȻؿ˿·Ǹˣڴ̫Ҳڻļ 

ոȤߵǰ΢Цû뵽ŷɥĹȻǸӣϲ㼸꿪ʼɱ˵ģ˵Ļζ 

ӺΪ߽һֹ 

ƺûвȻǰȥ 

ʱȰˣСƢЩŹ֣벻Ҫóײ㡣 

ŶϵЦŨüһ𣿲˿Ϊʲô 

Ӻӹһ˿ͷȴǿͣһ 

Ͻ˹סգȴԺͣˣԭ£Сòġ 

ղ߽Ѿȥܿ԰ɣòɣӺǵ٩֮⡣ 

Ӻ֣һ㶯ҲȻա 

ּˣСŮʿոû 

Ӻһۣǿ̧ܵһ£ſһɴϮյȹһȻһоǽˤȥ 

ӺӦһ㽫סѸһת˰ԲԼ漴סĲѳһ׼Ųȥֻͷסͷͣؿڡ 

һжѸײڶ˶ûӦվͱӺסˣõЩǹ˺Ӻ֮䡣 

Щֱ˶þֹſƣ˴һű֧ǹڶ׼ǡ 

ӺȴֻЦ 

յҲûа־ɫ͵ؿеĵ棺Ưĵ䡣 

̵أͨѪ죬ĵСȴܲѰȻһֻ֣Ӻŵֻ޳İ׹צһ㣬εĵĴߣ˾㤶鲻Խر 

տ˵˳ֿȥ㿴ϴһֻиǵֱǵһͷ·⡣ЦʵָһöָҲã԰ɣ 

ʱǴӾзӦ˵Сſˡ 

ӺһԲͻȻſ漴 

ŵػعϵЦݾʢŵĻ䡣Ǹ紦Ӷõˣζ˵ϲΪأҲͬ࣬ˣϺ١ڰǸĵطԣǲʹ 

ӺؿƬ̣ϱϢûֻǴγѪĵʣ̵ز˽ȥ 

տʣٲ䣬ֹȥղűڵϵдŻϲת˵ӭ¡ 





7. 

Ӻ˰յĳĸ˺ĺȻҲﲻֹһΣЩǹ˺죬еӵе֣еȭڶԷϴһ£Եúȣ˳ 

շǳϤĵ·ûеͷǼǰ漴ת䣬ķȥȻߵĲʱ· 

һ·Ͼ˼СӣȥԣһЩƤɹڵŮŮ̵̸࣬СڵͷһǵĳЩ˵鶼ЩɪȴҲ¶Ÿм֮顣 

ں˵һֻһÿ11£2¿Ϳջ񡣲ũҵרңת飬ʹڿˡڣ紺ջ֮ÿ4µ׻ٲһΣ8µ׿ʱͿдջÿһԶܸмءΪذգⷬҲӢ˵ġ 

æʾ壺̫ˣȻΪ츣 

ЦˣʵҲǻݵĺ¡ǵһҲһ 

˵ͷǵȻģǺͷ԰ 

տ룬ܿʻɽ·Եɽ´ݲЩйĻԴȥǳƶ񤡣ǵĳһʻ𣬾þòɢ 

ڣǰһƬȵأȴĻȻͬɳĮеޣвгһЩƯıɢУΧͥԺʢʻէһΪ̫þȫʵ 

ȵΧɽڣѿǣ֪ͨ˹ȿڡյĳʻʱ䱸ɭϵĴŴѴţǽ롣 

ûʲôʾһֱ￪ϵĴ򶼴˳Ŀڻ߻ߺſڵк 

ͣ˳ջͷӺһЦ漴˵ˣɣڵǡ 

Цŵ˵ͷĸһ˳ 

ǰһʽϢ߽ȥһɫľʵǽ˽װΣһɫľһ߱ڷţӡȺĴʯվ¶ɭϡ 

ûһˣջõض˵ȥ뽫 

Ӻ˳ƣ̴ľϡ΢΢һЦȻȥ 

һӶ˶ϲϺõ໨ɲ豭ݵǰ 

ӺǶйع˹ϡλ۰ԡ¡20лѪͳĸǻ̩ˣʮֿᰮйͳһЩƩҾӰΣƩʳϰߡ 

ںܰĵȫǶû˵ֻǶ豭һڣ󾲾صȴš 

ƺڿ̽Ƭ֮뿪ˣȴһ˿Ʈ˽ˮJOYÿһ˾1060028򱣼õ弰󻨻ɣ˲ɵ룬ǸȻӴƮӰĹ󸾡 

һƬžУ¥ϴȵĽŲ 

վ 

һĸݣͷ׵һϵĴӣüǸӲȻ۰һ޲ߵǿˡǴδȴΪĹ˹⡣ 

˷ǳ̬΢Цǰһһ֣˵ӭӭ˵ǺеŹ֣Ϸ˵ͨеֶࡣ 

Ͻ˵һᡣ 

ӺһԲ֡ 

˹עؿһۣҲû˵ֻǶЦЦתЦͰĻƯϧʱеæûȥμӡ 

Ц֣͵յˣ̫ˣôصҺͰ춼ϲòˡ 

Ӻˣɵö²͵̹˻ǵ 

˹Ȼǳϲڴͳ·棬ˣ۶Էϲ˻Ůˣ԰궼ǳ͵ġĻЦȵļ磺ǲʲôͰϲͺá 

ҲЦÿμ㣬㶼ӣûʲô仯ǳ˳ҩ 

˹ģᶺҿġ 

˵ġ˵Цһת⡣Ľɳǵڵ绰Ѿ˵ˣ㿴Ը̸̸𣿡 

Ȼԡ˹΢ЦſͰǺܽתְѻǣм׬ǮΪϰǰæͰǴǶѵҺͣ˵ɳĴҲǾԣֻҪǮʣº 

æ΢΢һǷ̫лˡǵİǼģԺҪġⷽ£ǵȻģû⡣ 

˹˵ͷãҾϲˬˡҲһʱҴȥǵĹǵĹʦ˵ˣ˷ܣú̡ 

ǿǲҵº͵Цֻǰãǲרҡһְ̽ɡ 

˹Ȼķʺò̸ʮ⣬ˬʵ˵ãǽǺúõغһ̸¡߰ɣϯѾˡ 

ӺǸŹ˹߳ⴱԱߵȥȻⴱµģһߡ 

ǸոߵſڣȿڵֿˣԽҰʻ˽ 

˹תͷ˿ȻһЦĶͷˡ 

һԻ󣺡˭ֻѣʲôͷ 

Ȼֻѡ˹΢΢һЦǸ÷İҲ̸ġԼ档żջļڵˣ»ˣһҪ̸ţǼȻܻһӣڵ沵ԾʹӦˡ 

Ȼɫһ漴ǿͣЦܷģٲ£Ҳִ˵ⱾͲͬ·죬һߡֻҪңҲŸŻ 

˵úá˹͵ļ硣ģҲݲˡ 



˵ţԽҰſˣӢЩаĿ³ԣиİСˣĹȴ˽թһǹƶ˵ʶȥųڿԵľʦԬɳ 

Դ÷ɱǹɱ֮󣬿ЩҵΪıߵľʦȻֹӶ˰۵ֱ̨粽ظ¡ȻҲЩ˴ߡ 

˹˿ǼˣϵЦδ 

˹صллȥǡ 

̫ˡ˹ЦȻǿˡ֮Ǻܽġ 

ǣÿ֮½֪ò漴ԵҲ 

ǰ΢΢ͷû뵽硣 

Ǻǣ˵ԵһͲ˸еĹ⡣һҿҪúõؾһ 

ĸ˱ɵشԶһӰ߷ɱܿϵߣסؿſ˶һֱĲǶͺ޵úˡ 

İ˸һƣҲ̰Χ 

նʱš 

Ͻߵ˵˵ȥڽﲻ÷ 

ĸҲ׹Ͻ˿ 

ҲԼ˳ţʲôû˭ҵңǺͿ 

˹ߵ˶ͦعصģ˵ͷҲǽͦĵģˣȻˣһϯɡ 

һֱЦеؿһСӺվĲ󷽣ĮȻš˶²ؼĳģ 

Ź˹ȽȥҪߣһۿɵüЦݿʵˣˣʲô٬ζ 

һ 

ӺϺȻŨҵɱֱֱر 

ΧȫһſǸһµˡվڰƮƮԱߣЩۣʱڣʱס˵ߡ 

ֻǰһ漴ɱ壬ɵøЦϽ߽˷ 





8. 

Ϧ£ϼӳøһƬĺƮ಻Ĳˡ 

Ӻ밮ڻУһĿ 

˹Ľӷ֣Ҳˣй˹µļԱ󽫣ֱƷ׺ 

ｻ̸ЦҲ˿˺ͬЩ˳ֵܣƵɣʮֺˬ 

ӺȴȾƣҲԻȣֻǼز˳˼ڣ㰲źˮ 

˹ҲиԵʳɣĹʮ⣬ǿֻǣһѪɱʳɣ˹Ͱնʮ졣 

Ӻԣżļ䣬ȴ漰ĸ⣬ֻʲôƽʱϲʲô 

˵ϲڰѪȵĺƺϲ˵ʵöˣֳòҲֻûشһ䡣ͳ˵ӢȴʮƯȻ밮һı׼ţǻʮ־ϲ 

ӺظƽʱûʲôرİãϲҡǱˮ 

ȥȴȻֹɵһ㶣βŷӦѾ˵ˡ̲ס˿ںƣЦЩãϲɣ 

šӺ̧ۿ˿ǰĳ棬ɫ嵭ˮϲʵѩɽϣǱףоᱻ˴š 

͵ؿЦŵͷ⣬ҲôȻ˵Ҫһ򱶣˶ǲӦóôõ˵⻰ʱ̬赭д·쾭塣 

Ӻ˵ǵģҪɱǡ˵߿ŲЩȵˡ 

ĻȻϲѾӣȥ˵ǳȥ߰ɡ 

ӺһԥȲ˵Ҳ˵ãֻǿ 

ƺЩףЦ˵ĽɳСԺˣȥߣͬ𣿡 

Ӻһۣˬصͷ԰СҲӦֳϣȥɢɢİɡ 

ӺһԲŰ˳ȥ 

˹ŵһӹЦףϲǸ𣿡 

һų۵ЦʲôϵֻҪϲͺá 

Щ̸ЦУӺ˰յĳɽȣֱһƬߡ 

˳блš 

ʱڿڼžԭҰϻص΢ӭ΢Ϣ˸е 

һڴŻ㡢ϦϢĿȻжˣ 

Ӻһ£ƺϲ˵Լ£ڻǻش20 

ᰡղͷ룬·ڻԼ20ʱĹ⾰Ĵߴһ˿ӵ΢Цй˵ 

Ѿ·źɫĳɫţп㣬ɫƽƤЬǳģ縡͹ȻһڻɢΣյ 

ӺȴòȤֻһֱǰöĿڻ 

տĿעӵķͣ⻨ܿͻлˣ10ʵ̵ѹӻƣĽ֭Ժ̸̵࣬ԺɣѻƬˣȻָĲƷʣµڹ֦ͬһɿݲܿ츯ãɷϣڵԽԽʣֲ׻ġҲͿԷ 

Ӻ˵ͷ⻨ֹʹ򾲺ͰߵĹЧ֪ŰڻΪ񻨡ϣӢۻ 

ջõһƣ԰Һϲ⻨Ȼ˲ڣȴᣬȻŭţɫʣǣһ 

Ӻһۣһֱһ˿ԼЦ⣺˵Լɣ 

ͷЦûƿЦڷԶԶش￪þòɢ 

ĺɫӺ߻ȥȵصУѺھÿﶼ͸ůĵƹ⣬ǵͥ԰ƣȥɾ 

Ӻ³԰տص˵ͷллˣ 

պЦ 

Ӻ΢΢һ漴Ҳ˵Ȼתˡ 

в֪ԼסĶһ˳վǰĵƹ£΢Цſǡ 

ӺһתͿֱ˹ȥ 

ţҲ˳Цеؿʵôɫÿ𣿡 

Ӻ˵ͷһ仰û˵߽˱š 

¥ߣϸ˵ⴱʱסˣסһ䣬סһ䣬ֵס¥ 

Ӻֻţ߽˷䡣 

Žš 

ӺһۣԻемңҲǵӷרңⷿûŵļϵͳ΢΢ҡҡͷʾûСȻ˹Σ˹ԸҲͷֵӼϵͳȻʽĿֶΣʹﰲȫ20ꡣ 

Ӻжߣɫ࣬ߵǽ˵߰ɡ 

ЩԥһǶɣǸزģһʲôģײ˹˹µˣͻǾͲ̫ðˡ 

Ӻ룬΢΢һЦҪǵʵڲģ̫Ҫˣʵڲðա̹ʵ˵εжɹ˳ǣ´취ƻһʱʵڷա 

Ҳǰ磬ǵȻҪȴȲİȫҪڿҲˣСЩȱۣ㲻úȻʲôط㣬ǿɾ͵òʧˡ 

ֲ֪ǣ﷢̾˿ǺðɣҾ͸˹˵뿪ǻʲôҪ˽𣿡 

Ӻ˵ǸգеϣյζЩпڽ̼˷ӵ۵ƣȥʱʲôûУЩֲǷϵ 

ϸ˰ŵпܡȥʱ򣬷вٹ˳ûܾܿǡʥ¸ߡ˹šˣ֯ƺҲ˹ǡҴûʹƺϲ漰ⷽĻ⡣ 

Ӻ΢΢һͷˡô˹أЩϵ𣿡 

ҡͷһز¶ȥܴͳţ̸Ҳ˹ģмԡ 

ţðɡ磬ǾҪʼˣֻ¹˲ˣԼҪעⰲȫӺضš 

˵İɣùҡԼᵱĵġ˵ҴֵҲǳصġ 

Ӻȴʮ֣أſǼǻʵֱĸֵܸǶ֡㻹ǸĽɳɣֿԼֻѲĽɳҪһЩ 

ãġȫû顣 

ЦаһҪһȥ 

ϲº͵飬Զ紺ЦݣԶЦЦȥǵĵ±Ҳģʵңιһ¹Ҳûϵ 

Ӻ˵ʲôվߵǰһĵΡ 

ŷƽͥԺҲһƻͨ¥ĴҲվһˣš 

ӺһϳǿرǸһаˣɱ 

΢΢˸䣬ȴӲû 

˶Ƭ̣Ĵʵʵס˴ 

ϣһµգ⡣ 





9 

ڶһ磬˸Լסıͣ漴ͥǰϡ 

ȶӺ˵ѾԼ˵ģͲҪȥ˰ɣ 

ЦˣȥаСȥɣҸһС 

˹ȻŮʮֳ谮ݣֻЦſӺһۣʲôҲû˵ 

ӺĬĬذдݸ 

ЦСʵֻҪˣľڷŵߣ˵ţóһɫĴ󹤾䣬漴ӻӺ 

ӺҲûԼסĵط 

Ѿ˹˹ĳʻɽȡ 

ʱųӺ΢΢һЦȻķȥ 

Ц˵ǹ𣿡 

Ӻҡҡͷ 

̻õصһǹɡԼ 

Ӻ΢һԥ˵ͷͥԺȥ 

С˺һŵһƯӢάʱıǰնһЦ 

Ӻ˽ȥ 

˵ŮסĲȴ˹һǳӲһҲûʲôϢ 

մߵ¥ƿһš 

ȫǸʽֱɳƵĿ 

ض˸ƣЦҪʲôԼ 

ӺȻʮָȤ߽ȥϸؿţʱһǹҲ鿴ţȻһܣȻٷ¡һȦ֮һǹܼӳĸװɳĮ֮ӥ԰տ˵ҾҪɡ 

յ˵ͷȻԸ񡣡 

Ӻ㽫ǹ˳ֲ˺Ȼ˵лл 

տȻģԽԽȻȥĲӡ 

ӺȴرܿˣӦ֮죬̾Ϊֹ 

һɵ͵Ȼǹ 

Ӻգһ۾ƺľٶʮֲ⣬վû 

տĵЦ±£Ҳġɣȱȡ 

Ӻ̵߳š 

ûд¥ȥһ¥ԼСɳϣȻȥȡ 

ӺԵЩģ۾ɨܡ 

Ƿǳͨһ䣬еӡԡ죬Ҳױ̨Ȼ۹ͣһǽϣвƬЩǰյĵգ󲿷ȴǰ˵ĺա 

ǸڰԱߣЦ÷ǳʵ˧ӿȥǵ͵ˣߴӢۣǵ§Űյļ磬ȥ˺Ҹ 

һЩƬǰһȺ˵ĺӰ⣬ȴҲ죬˶ǹ˶Ц 

еļǰһЩȻ˹װһһɫĿݣؿžͷ 

ӺϵãǴ˴жĿ꣬ʥ¸ 

ɫջĿ⣬ȥĶ 

նűӳһʣڿʲô 

ӺӹӣͷʾǽϵƬ 

տ˿ƺ˽ϵĴԣȻ˵ԭɷӢˣܰ 

Ӻ΢΢˵ͷȴһҲûʡ 

պϲĳʼ磬ɵ˵֮ŷ֣ԭǹ̾Ե׵ģȻϲˣȻҲֻɱԣҾɱʬǰҾΪϣڻø˵д⣬ƺԼ⡣ 

Ӻ޶ԵغһڿȣһͷȻ˵ 

ոоԼڶſһ㣬ȴϷȻأôϲʲô𣿡 

Ӻ˼Ƭ̣΢һͷ 

նʱܸȤ˭ 

Ӻƺ֪ò˵ 

պˣ̽ǡĽɳ 

Ӻ·Щ˼ͷεغ˿ڿȡ 

տĵЦѵû 

Ӻҡҡͷ 

ĽɳҲ֪ոȤˡ 

Ӻҧס˴ûκαʾ 

ЦţȻ˿ȱԱߣȥĸ첲 

Ӻ 

նķӦȤûŮˣ 

Ӻ˵ͷ 

յĺ촽ƹĵ˵𣿡 

Ӻܿ 

ȴסļ磬ǰ㣬ѹϣ˫ӡգ˵ϲ㡣 

ӺˢغˣһһϽȥưգ˵ˣУҡҡҲܡ 

սϵĿȱùŵϣЦЦز壬˫ֺȻĳ°ڣ漴̾ᰡƤôá 

ӺһҧȻƿ漴վ˵Բ𣬷ˣҲϲŮ˵ģҪĺˡҵ·Ūˣûȥһ£ˡ 

ߵſڣպȻס 

Ӻվסˣͷ 

Ȼ΢Цţ·ʲô¶ûз֮ǰҸ˴㣬˵ֻΪǮɱˣҪɣ𣿡 

Ӻ΢΢ͷǵġȻżҲ⡣ 

Ŷʲô⣿еؿɳϺɫĳŰ߰ߵĿգǸɺԵѪȴں·ԭ·ϵĻơ 

ӺȻźɫĳʪĵطɫȴ󿴵óŰյʻ̬ʮƽ˵ɱ˵ĻûǮҲɡ 

ЦãϲҲҲסܹɵİɣҪǰ׼𣿻ǵĽɳͷ 

Ӻһ˵ҪҰʲô͸ʲô˭Ҳܲš 

˫۷Ź⣬˫ֻգ˷ܵصǾͺãȥ·ɣȻҴȥǹ 



ӺԾƶȻģȥϵҲȻǼɫ޲ںɫĴֲ 

պֻ޲¿ԭӵл߱˵άܻܿ˿ڣǻ˵Ļͻ˿ڷףϣ޲򲻻ᡣ 

ڳһֱЦӺǸӰӱ߳ݵش򿪳˳㿪˹ȿڡ 

ɽúֻܰżЩӶȥӣɨͥԺ׼һɺг 

ȵбб˹ǵĳʻ˽ 

³ÿ˶Цʮ졣м䣬ȻѱΪϱĹ䱻һڵţǸʵλҲ൱ߣʱȴĸԸӣԵöͶء 

͹˹︺Ʒ̸⣬Цݵӭ˳кô˰ȥɳȷʵ鴫 

˹ǳ˵ضһ֣ǰĽɳ˴۽簡ǵ뷨ôһģٴҿǮٸһ˳Ǯġ 

Ҳ׷˵ǣȫ벻ôһԭȫıˣֲǰɳװǹҲо 

˹ЦĽɳˣȥԡȻԷҪúþһ 

Цŵͷõġ 

һ˱ֱԼķ䣬Ͻϴ衣 

ԡ龰ɵһȣЩ 

ԬɳƺˣϽ˵磬ﲻǵطǺǵģֺˣÿԼҪ 

˵ͷ 

ϯձңûпǵֵһȣ˶˵ɳסЩӣǺúооٿЩʽǮ 

˹߸ǸҲʮּǰǷƱ˵ЩҲޣǺúõظĽһ칤գһǵиķԾ 

˹ЦŵͷǰĽɳɣʱ䣬£ǾûģҪĻҿȫɱ۸㣬׬Ǯ 

Ȼһºͣ˵ðⱾҲҵİãҾͶЩʱ䡣 

һʱ̾ٱʹ 

ŴҸˣ΢ЦŶԹ˹˵ȻǸĽɳѾһˣҾ͸ˡ 

˹΢Щ죺ôˣҲԶЩӰҲܾòˡ 

˹ĵЦҲǼﻹµ⣬¸ҪŷޣҵţǰҲҪ๦ġ 

˹͵ͷ⵹ǡҷǳͰǶԵģǵҲṩܺõı 

ǰ΢Ц 

Ƕɵò㲻ûܵͳ˹ЦҿҪúõףף 

ҲЦԵ÷ǳ졣ĵͳǺڵνͳһʤȫʷᡣ 

ҲЦǫѷ˵飬Ҳ˵һ֮ǻŬġ 

˹ȵļ磺ðɣ߰ɣһ֪ͨ˵ŵǵģǰȫȥ 

ллЦƱ˹ 

ӢЦ⣬ӹһ˿⡣ 

뺨պӺŷֱ˽˵ͷʪģյ˷ܺƣ뽻֯ӺȴȻֹˮ 

˹˰һۣʵôȥĶˣܸ 

ǰʼ硣ҸСȥ˰г 

˹ˣҰս 

ԡˬʵصҴӮ̫ˡ 

Ϳ⣬˶֪ǸгǸҰսѵƽʱѵӴԿսġ˹ԼװҹģܴװʮȫɳƸ۾ǰѵǡ 

ڹ˹ߵǸһյĻʱӺĿ࿴˴ĴָãնӮ˲𡣡 

һ˺ʣǼԼ 

΢ЦˣҪˣԼһ 

Ȼݣ˵һˣ 

ȴƺúܷЦòĵصǰˣȻǿ֡ 

һ૵صԭСǹ 

Ԭɳݣϯûʸ˵ģʱֻǿӺ˿һţС˵Űա 

ȻٿֻͷȾơ 

ӺоĿԼȴǵģƺ㲻ʲô¡ھӨĵƹ£ԵҪһЩʪһ縺ڷڶϣȥǳᡣ 

һЦǱ̫ҲôһСС£λԶˡǲǸɴµˡ 

˹ЦĽɳ̫ˣСﶼ˲ˣôвŻѵð 

տӺЦŸͣǣǧ 

Ӻеˮ˾٣ʾл 

Ե÷ǳġ 

ʱŵСˡ 

Ц˵ǰҾϹæȻһ˸˵ĵطĽɳСǰ£һҪϪޣٺúþһۡ 

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10. 

ĳʮֹ뺣ϵĳϼȻͬƬƬĻڽɫϼ˻ֹͣ 

ںĿӳŴӭú⡣ 

ΪҪˬ·賿ˡ 

ӺҲ 

߳ź󣬹˹ͰҲѾ 

һһ֣Ц˵ڡźԼϹ˹Ϊɵĺճ 

һһǻǵȫװʿ 

ʻɽȣԽžԭҰһ·϶ûгֹκ쳣ǵƺϰֻǴ˵Цţһ޿ֵζ 

Сʱӱʻʱŵ塣 

³վڴĴ˿ȴû˹˵ǵ·֧žˡ룬ǰЩʿ˵Ȼȥɣȵȡ 

ЩҲûʲô⣬ЦŶ˰֣ߺţͷ۶ȥ 

ȻһɺƽСӣһʱҲûطȥ㰲Ĵй䡣 

żǹƤ̧һ£Ϊ϶ǹĹ˿ѡ·ߵĴЩ¶ĲһЩ˱ߺȲŴ飬֮¶ɵ΢Ц 

ڴתһȦſڳųǹŷ񲼽ˡЩ˵¶òЦ⣬΢΢ͷ 

ȥ 

Ϊ׵˵Ӣ˵߰ɡ 

һ˵Ŀɵ˫üһеʵʸ¹գأôû 

˺˵ˣʱ 

һ۾΢ЦҺȻЩû˵÷ȥһ¡ңͻ 

ƺûϵô˵ʱЩΪѣʱ䲻ˣҪٲ·Ļ¹ʱ鷳 

ȻЦʲͼ˾˵Ļǿκʱû鷳˵ŻȻγǹ 

ĸһҲ̰ǹ 

ǣĳǹȴһֱָǣʯ֮䣬һҵǹһĸ˵йǴһŤȻءǹ˲䣬еǹҲȻΪԼӵԷҲе¡ 

û˹ģΪȻǹ˿䡣 

Ҽ˫ȣҲ˵ϡеͬʱҲǹǰǸ˵ؿڡ 

ѪӼȪӿѸĻء 

ǹͣһĿ˹˵ȫȥ漴ɿؿˡ 

ԶԶģ·ߣƺʳıȻվһ򿨳ȥķȥһȴʱԹСݳȥ 

ǸŮ˿ܽؿ⡣ 

ں˿˿ϵıȷûмʵôˣ 

Сıװ͵Ǩ˵˴˺ˡ÷Ѿ׷ȥˡкüˣеĻǿ 

嫺׿İģԶǴһ̵ 

º߮ϴɳܼӰˣϲ 

ֻϴ÷ȥȡ 

֪ͨϴ󡣡 

ţϴ󰲷ŵ׷ǣӦò⡣ 

˵׿̾˿Ҳ̫ˡ 

嫳صҲֵܹط̫ӣ͵ϮĻʤ 

׿˵ͷϣϴܼʱϵ 

嫶Ǩ˵ȥעӦ÷֡ԤȵϴǱ߾Ͳùˣƺ˹ϴ𡣡 

áǨһűһҡһڵ߳С̡ 

10ӺӺϵֱ˼ҵ񶯣ʾźţ񶯵Ľ룬Ϯ˺󱻽ٳ֡ 

ʱ²عۿڹϲԣȻİա 

һյźţתض԰˵ˣԲҺȻм£Ҫĳá 

ˬʵЦҪȥȥǡ 

Ǹʮ𼱣һʱҲ˵̸ȥһ˵һ߰ɱߵɫԽҰȥ 

һ漴׷˹ȥ 

Ȼܵÿ죬ȴȵӺٶȡֻݵӰʱһֻӣɰܹС˳ 

вͬ³һ򲻰ԿףҲʲôëС͵͵ĳ 

Ӻӣವ˳ȥ 

տųһ·̳ɵҡҡͷЦˣǳס˵ţóֻţҪɳ 

˵䣬ѱһС㣬ԶԶ򶫳ȥ 

Ӻݺݵؽһȵף˫ȵذס̣۾ʱɨһֱ 

ñѾ򿪣Ļʾݵˡ׷١ֻһɫźŲ˸Ϸƶ 

ӺʮֽʹʧܣҲȻȫ˺Ҳͨе·㿪ȥҪֱߣȡһ·ߣٶȸϵȥ 

һƬĳ 

˿ϳͱݲݰű㱻סֽš˷񲼣ȻͲˡ 

ӵĵʹ˴ʹҧŴŬԼ˼ʲô˻¡ȥҲֻһ˸ڽĵִ£Ǿǿ 

ŭɣԼĸֵܾôڵ£Ȼһʹ漴ԼĿǰĴĥſʲô 

ţȻҹǸҶĽɳԼͷһ΢׷֪ڹܲáĽɳպ͹ʵڲػɡ뵽ְһЩ 

ʵô룬ֻ֮һԭǾҧֵף 

ں˼֮䣬ͣˣϵ˽ݸ˳µˡһӹԱߵ˱ͷһͷ֡ 

ƾоɽȵϣʹʧѪԸзԺùһЩԼ˰СʱǷ·һɽ˼ӣӵϣ۵һ 

˵ʣΣ 

漴Ӧûоˡĸȫˣһˡ 

һ˲𰡡 

ţŵͷ֡ 

ۣǰվŵˡ 

Ȼǿ 



ζЦֻ̧԰׵ָ˫а˵Ǳ°ǰһο㣬ҾһֱŪ֣˭֪㲻ĴԵεģ˻飬˻飬ԽԽһû취ץ㡣ôû뵽ɣʵҲûʲôѵġǱ߻ΪЩʲͼˣ㲻ܳʲô£޹ءٺݣѵܸĿɳҲֻôݺѪ̣ͬ绹ܰôȻʱһǸӻ»ˡΪжҪ𣿡 

ҧŬŷθĸоָֻԼƤϣǼëëһʮܡ 

ִ򢻬˾Ȼǣ˳һ˺㽫ĳ˺¶˼ͷ˿ڡ̽ץ£ݺݵһ 

ֻһʹ͵Ϯǰ󷢺ڣ嶼ֱˣ˫ճȭͷ 

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ֻֻζָԼ˾޴衣˿ڵľʹس嵭ЩƿɵĺȻ쳣ŪеشȴһоҲûУû񾭵ֻʹ 

Աȥ 

վһֱγݸ 

еЦţļӼͷܣϣֻ͵һ죬ϴѿ¶ĸ첲 

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۾΢΢̰´󳤳شһڣ٬˵С޸ǳ 

ҧס˴ʹͽȫ΢΢ΡһԣѴ⣬ʲôĥҲ˵һ仰 

͵˹ȥصѹϣʼ񱩵ҧϢ٣·Ұһ㡣 

ڶڵһ˺˵֮⣬ʦԬɳĸֱĬĬؿʩһҲûСһΣգǱġԬɳ⵽ڱϢȥչ˵ͬ飬Աߡǽ˺˼û뿪ȻűĹ 

Ѫεӡһ߻˷ܵ˵ţôұаɣţ˵ɣɱҴ硢İɣ˭ɵģǲǹ 

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ϵǹ˱۵ȫһ𣬶߳ܵĺˮ 

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ʹý촽ҧѪ죬ȴʼһԡ 

˷ܵñţǵͨ졣һֻֿٵسţһֻסķ 

޴ʹ裬ټϳʧѪظеѣ̱ 

ֻ͵ؽӵһߣ漴վԼƤ 

æҵؽ⿪ӣѾԵȥŵѹȥ 

һ˲䣬ǹˡ 





11. 

Ӻųֱ嵽ֹͼʾĵص㸽ʱ͵ɲס漴ɽϱȥ 

ȥĵصĿ껹һɽȴʮֻеȸСۺ̽һֱָʾΧЩޡ 

ʱмݳ׷ٵ÷ѾڸΣգӺûϵһ˺ްգֻܰһ³çĴԺҲ᷸ˡ 

ֱӺñǷ̫⣬ʾԼڵķλ 

Ӻףɱȥ 

һɽ붴ڲԶȴö˹۲첻 

Ӻô 

ǵıһ΢̽ͷųϸǸˮĸĴԭģ÷Ѿϸĵεڣ̽ͷϵ΢ͷ׼˶С 

ӺϵֱĻ 

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ƽһҲܵ飬÷˵ȽȥԸڵˡұˡԸߵġмˣ 

÷ػش𣺡ҿĻ߸ˣѾʧȥս 

áӺͷãҹһǾʦֱҪġ 

ǡ÷ָɴش漴ջ̽ͷ 

Ӻ˵һߡѸ˳ȥӺƵ棬һһķС 

÷ϣʱʯ򶴿ڡ 

ϸĶСĵڱߣϸع۲š 

÷ֿƬ̣ûκζĺۼи׼ˣָҲ뿪ǹİӺ͵һȭ 

Ӻշ£е׼ȷزʺ 

һԵϵȥ 

Ӻһǰֽ̽ס漴ϵĳǹ 

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һǰһش۵ͨܿ쵽ڶǰںܴܴ¿龰 

ӺǸʦȻʲôƶ÷˵ƻı䣬һ˽ȥٳ֣ʱ͸ɱۡҿ˾ƣ뿪 

÷ϵͷƵס 

ʱѾȲվԼƤĶ˵ע⣬뿴ǿǸһֱǿƵӢӡ 

Ӻץסʱ׼˿Ա߲Զʼմڽ䱸״̬ˣ漴۶˰ 

ϰʹõ䣬˵鷢 

ǹһ죬˱е 

ͬʱֱ򶴱ڣǹָ˶ڡ 

ȻǶ죬Ӻжȴ죬ӵ׷ǵмȥѸǵ壬ȥǵս 

ӺǹĶȫ˼һǳɣǹûмϣĸ˵ʱ仹һӡţӵıصײıϡ 

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ӺɱڵرһƷ漴Ѹϵĳĵ壬˸ᣬҪ֮ܵذãվ˲õ 

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ǸɫͷЦţȼյĻһͬϢ˲ 

Ӻ򶴱ڱߣ͵ؽЩ˵˵ţݺݵһǵ 

ЩֱǵͷѪˣһǳ⺷ʱ˺ֵ̣صɴ۾ 

Ƕˣ޷ֻؿɷѪ֣ĵ̽ԼѣԼ 

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Ӻֱȫɱˣؿһۡ 

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Ӻûȥת룬ŵû겻ĿһѾٵʹȥ 

Сס֡ڴһȣȴǰյ 

Ӻ֣ͣתͷɱ 

Ѿ˺һˡ 

еˣ÷ֱѸ˳ԶԶţʱ׼Ӧ 

ãյĳ㵽ˡȫװһȺˣֻһ۲죬ɽӿܿҵ˶ڣͳ˽ȥ 

ڶʱӺһֱϰγŵɱѪȳţԵøˡ 

ԬɳľӺתؿڵĹֱ׼ɱŷӦϽֹ 

ӴӺĿ⣬һ̺ɱŮ˶̲ס˸䣬漴˵Сǵĵ 

ӺȱҪ䣺أͿ𣿡 

Ȼԡ˵лл壬ǻ治øԴܽҲǵĵܾôˣǸҪȥģ̻ġ 

ӺƺǳԸվҪӣһ㽫ӵһߡ 

ᰮգѪܵĶ̵һӣ˰ס˫ֵӣŽʣ䣬漴ȻԵȥ 

ʱſϵĲ״ɵøգɨιȥԬɳɫĿһۣȵǴȥɱˣҲˡ 



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Ӻе֮΢仯˵磬ңСѾȫˡ 

͵۾̿Ҷһ۾ǹУǲԼĻþ漴оԼȵ壬ʵĴоΡ 

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ǰ濪˺Ȼӿڴһֹۡ 

ӺӹһѻƬ 

ȴҡҡͷʾⲻҪ 

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ӺһԲ߽סŵı¥ 

ǰȥ򿪷ţСĵطŵϡ 

ҽʿһӿ룬ҽеҲͬʱ˽̱˲ 

ʱʵ˭ɵģ 

Ӻɫֺ࣬˪˵ 

ҧ쵰ǹ죬ﶼҶ֡ 

Ӻɿ˵Ҫ֪ͨ磬ĸֵܶǴˣҪȥ 

˹ߣװûзֻ˵ԼġӺĻ˹ֹĽɳСȱ𼱡ҵĵط£ҵΡˣȺһЩðȥǸ 

Ӻϵ飬ȻǣȴҲ˵ֻתҲ˵ȴһ 

̾˿ǿԲ˵ôÿ춼Ҫͨ绰֪ȥг̣ͿԵҵģˣһ绰ҪҲֻһ죬졣 

˹һƣһƽصðɣǾ͵һ죬˵ 

˵ͷû˵һºͰϴʱǵǡ 

˲أӵ͸壬ûڣҲûдϽпӵ˼ȹǣºֻ֢ʧѪּ࣬ܵпĥŻιȥҽѸٴƣѪ漴˹㱨ơ 

˹Ļûʲô飬ͥʱüһ΢۾һ£Ȼŭ㡣 

һѵ˰ӺĴߣؿ 

ļ磬͵˵Ҳȥϴ裬һ·ɡһʱѲ 

Ӻ˵ͷȥд﷭ϴ·ԡҡ 

һ˽ҲЦ̣ԵЩڴϻ˯һ૵˵û뵽Ȼᷢ¡ôˣһûмɳµˡ 

е˼һʱûнӻ 

תͷ˵˽ס·֧žղţʡ˵绰˵CIAҪˡ 

ؿ 

̾˿ǿԬɳ 

Ե΢ЩȣѵCIAˣ 

֪пܣеϵǸһ˵С˵˵ʱ֪ᷢ˵ɱˡʵС֣Ҫɱ練ƣʱŹǣ뿪ĺǣ׷ɱǡСᣬâ¶ԭǻ£ʱҲΣաĽɳȽϳ죬úȰȰ 

ƺе󣺡Ǵ㽻ˣ 

ǡյ˵ͷǵҪCIAıӻҪǰ֧֡ǣǵͨǵĻҲ˲ȥҲ͵ľĽɳ⣬İɣ 

ȻϵͷˡˣİɣһС˵ģҪ嶯βܸҡ 

΢ЦĽɳлл㡣 

˵ԡŴ򿪣Ӻ˳ 





12. 

տǰվŵˡ 

ϴ裬ֳĺΣںµĳ£ƤӨŹ⡣ɳʱԵݣ˵ĸоЩһڶеһƬѪĳŵҲָо 

ĵʹ 

ؿƬ֮ЦҲˣϢɣʲô˵ҪԵģѾ˰͹ˣǻȥԵɡ 

΢΢Ƿò˵ллˡ 

ӺֻǳĬţվһԲ 

նǵ˵ͷȻȥ 

˿Ӻº͵˵һûԶˣϽȥԵɡ 

Ӻת¥ߵ˲ 

һû㣬ֻмӶڰڷꡣһܹܱЦ̫̫³ΪĲˣһźá 

Ӻ΢һüеЩ졣˵̫̫ǹ˹ĵĸˣû뵽ȻΪ³ɵ˵ллˡ 

ǡܹܶ˹á 

Ӷ˱˳ȥ 

ԷӶ˲̺򣬵еǷķԱϲ⣬ֻżһ±ʰһ棬ʱ䶼ÿԱ㣬Ǹе 

Ӻߣسš 

ϵĲ˶ǵصйˣظ룬һ֪רΪġ˳ЩвҶȻȥ嵭ȴζǵصйϵˬ΢û˵ʲôڳ 

Ƭ֮Ҳˡ 

ûн̸ֻĬĬسŷȻ鶼á 

ʱ򣬺ȻſƮһƢ㣬ǸյʱŵģJOYա 

ţһӰǰ 

̧ͷȥ 

һ۲۵йŵŮζĳȹΣѩ׵Ĺĺڷ촽ζ󿴵óͣҲ30Ұɡ 

Ůʿǰһòվ 

ܹܳλŮ󣬹˵λλ̫̫ 

Ϲ⣺ˣʵǸл˷ǳóԡ 

λŮ΢΢һЦ˵ҵϲͺáʮ밮յȻ෴ 

Ӻȴ֪˵ʲôźãֻվ˵ȥ 

Цţ˵£úܱǸҲﲻʲôæֻôһС£ϣλܹһЩ 

ǫЦ̫ˣ¸ûйϵҲû˿˼򽫾ת棬뽫Ҫġ 

ҪλҪ⡣λŮί˵ţһֱ΢ЦôҾ͸ˣλúϢ 

ǣߺáΪʿؽŮͳſڣŷ 

ӺʲôҲû˵¥ȥ 

ܹܵлҲ¥ 

ѾȶѪҲ꣬Ҳˡţȥܰ 

ʿǶ뿪ֻʣˡ 

ӺȻȰ𣿡 

һ漴ƣҽ˵ܵŰɵôΪգץץͷҲᣬȰɡ 

Сֻ嫺׿ѧרңҲ̸רңǼж֣ȴôȰˣѪ£ǿ˾ռߵС£òȰ⣬취˾ǣܵʲôĥҲ㲻ô£ֻҪܻʤ 

ʱ˿̣ȴһͨĹԱû־ѵĳ˶в֮ģȴ֪ôӺȰ 

һӺ˵ȥ˯ɣ컹йšѹŰοοܲá 

΢΢һЦ˵ͷ 

СӺСҲ19꣬ǵʱһС˵ӣûӿǰҲһֳģչ˱ˣûй˼ԼǶϲϴ󡱣Ҳﵱǡ硱 

ţַŵӺļϣȵһ£ŷſŶȥ 

Ӻ˴ƣֻ´ͷԵһյСƣȻôΪΧĶûϴ 

ûͥԺĵƹȴ˽ǽϴ͵ĹӰż߹µС·Ų𣬽Զȥ˸еҹɫľס 

ֱҹʱ֣Ȼ۾ 

Ӻǰº͵磬оô 

ֻͷΣȫʹɱ磬ӺʻֲڵɽȻͬװεŵݶȻЦһ£΢˵ӹ̫ҶʹԽԽˡ 

Ӻʹʹ̣࣬ʹҲȻڣǲ˵־ΪתƵġ 

һ㣬ȴ֪˵ЩʲôֻãȻؿݶĹӰ 

Ӻعȥһˮܣ˹ιȡ 

ĬĬغˮȻ 

ӺСȥҽֹʹɣ 

΢΢ҡҡͷһ̣û¡ 

Ӻ㲻ᣬֻڴ 

˺һ˵СĽɳϪ޵ʱңʶǸ𣿡 

Ӻ΢һԥʶ 

ĺܺ𣿡ݶᡣ 

Ӻ϶˵ǵģܺá 

ȴ·˺ܾǰ飬˵Ľɳô˵ǰ鷢֮Ҳ˵ҺҲˡǡڲ֪顭ҶܲˣǸӡ 

ӺΪ𾪡ıǼġǸеģ˶֪Ĭ򣬺ܶ鶼ȥʣ˵ڵƺƽɾȻѱӦ˵˳ʵǷ˴ɡ״̶̬ܿѨ¶Ӷǵİȫɼвʹû¶ţҲܼԺĹ⽫Թɾ޴ʧҲԼ뼫Σյľء 

Ȩףھð͸¶ָ࣬ 



ҹܾӺֹȥḲס˵죬Ȼͷߣؽһ硣 

ǵ͵кӼʱƫߣÿֵβϵúܳһ΢΢Եηų֪룬ϧ17 

Ȼһ𣬻ҵԺȻ쳣ѡ΢΢̧ӺƽͨȻͬ΢΢Цݣ۾˼ 

ӺЦţÿ˷ϵ֡ 

ſڣβѯʵе壿 

Ӻ΢΢˵ͷȴ˵Сɱдˡ 

õҶͳᶨɣÿһ³һգȻֹԵʮֳ죬ǿӲ 

˵Ҳ뵽ȫͬȴͬһװġ 

һϲӿȫҵʹоࡣҲ룬̧Ӻ漴ϵǹţ۵úһ 

ӺϽס֣Сĵط£ǺãЦۿˣĺܺá 

ҲЦˣ۾һգգؿ 

Ӻ³ֵ˸еůЦݣ·һʯ˵أ̤ʵˡ 

˺һС 

Ӻҡҡͷȫˡ 

ȴؼֻ֣ 

ӺЩΣֻƵһߣСĵɵࡣ 

̧û˵֣ҵȥȻס 

Ӻûж 

ãЦԭʵЩˡ 

ӺЦʱˣûС 

š̾˿Ҿͷˡ 

Ӻȴ˵Ҫĵ㡣ÿ뿪𣿡 

֪Щᡣһ𡣡 

Ӻ̲סס֣β˵Һ㡣 

ȴЩ˼ˣҲ㡣ʵûʲôΣյĹ 

ˣĲΣյĹӺĵ˵ǲǰжǹĿꡣڵݣкڵϵĵˣ̳ϵĶ֣һֱӵձ棬Ƕ뷽跨س㡣ݱ¶ԴҲŹİɣʱ޿̲ΣУҲҪһԣҷǳ㡣 

޳סˣеůģĵЦʵҲûʲôҾ͵ԼһͺȻˡ 

ӺЦЦе˵㻹Ǽ˯ɣ˿Ȭкô 

š۾ 

Ӻһſ֣ 

Ȼץס֣˵СҺܺڣһΣӦôӦġ 

ӺһβŷӦ˵ʲô£ɵЦʱ̫ᣬ£Ϊ㲻ʲôԲҽϡܾǶԵģҲ˵ɵĻˡ 

ƺʲôۿԴ٩ʵôаˣ 

Ӻ΢Цŵһͷš 

ĸȤģǡͬУ 

ӺҡҡͷڿվǷԱ 

Ŷ̫ˡΪˡȥǸܺð 

аɡӺ̹Ȼ˵ǴСһ𳤴ģϰˣԺȻɡ 

ǳӶ˷ʹǳƣ롣 

Ӻ̿ľ⣬һָ֧סĴ֣ص˵˯ˡ 

ϲõؿ漴˵ͷ 

Ӻ´룬Ƕһ䣺С 

˵֪ģҲдֵġ 

ٴ˯ǳس¶ 

Ӻȥϴ˿Ȼ󻺻³ָֻ˵ı 





13. 

磬ʼգ־壬ҽǿЧĿأϲѹȥ 

ӺһֱڱﲻߣȴҲһֱĲ˵Ȳҽѯʲ飬ҲûôչһЩıȴֲ֪αӡ 

һΣӺһۣȴɫơ 

εظϽյǸˣڿ£ѾȰˡʵҲ⣬ֻƢ֡ 

յ˵ͷЦû£СԸҲЩ˽ˣʵҲͦɰġ 

һֱƢЦţҲﶼûȥʼڱš 

г̣һ͸óڰͻ˹̹ڣ»ֹ˾˻ϣȴһֱûг֣ʱЩ˼ˣϱ졣 

˭ûϵһӵ绰˹ϵѯ䡣 

˹ڵ绰ǳίؽһ´ֻ˵ˣҪܻȥ԰Ǹ֤ͻȥ 

µ绰ѪӿʲôҲˣ¹ܣڵһʱ»˽ɵ˰ϲп漴£ֱ¡ 

˹Χʱҹˣʱ˲Сɧ 

δ˼ֱһ֧С;ӣǰеĶ֣Ȼǹ֧ҩԽ˰ԴĽһǴѩ޵ġ 

˹Ǹߴ˴ӳһԾ£ŭأɵЦҡͷָָǴš 

ӺѰĶһվߣһ˶ſڣʱ׼Ӧ 

ֱ¥ǽ֮ɫ 

Ӻһ̴˷š 

߽Уһ۱㿴ڴϳ˯űŵӵˮζлһ˿Ѫɵɫһ䣬ߣ־ȥľ 

Ȼġ 

һϸ˵ģûΣգ˲ᣬҪúƣЩӡ 

ʵ˭ɵģ 

Ĺ˹һۣЩԥ֪ò˵ 

˹ǰļ磬º͵ص죬ûðȷʵܲһҪٸҸӣʱҪ׷Ǹ֡ 

Ϊʲôһ¾ը˵ҲܲҴ˽20ĽԴǺѣһֱǳ˵ʲôҶǰҶһüͷǣ˳ҪҷŹ֣ʵԽܡΪʲôңΪ˴һзִ磬Ӳ˭ô˷Ǹ˭Ȼ˱ 

˹̾һҲǱȷʵ¡˵CIAѾҪˣҽҲ˽˹ȥ죬Ӧ֪ǵҪʲô˵ֺ֧ЭǼȻ˿ڣҲܶŲ 

CIAɵؿѵϮ 

ȷʵ˹صҡҡͷCIAƺ뱣ˣϢ̬ʮǿӲ 

콹ȥ૵صУҸǿƲˡ̤ϸһ뽨أȥģ˵ֻҪ컹ţǾͱһ졣 

˶ûֻ֡ 

һȻͣסŲ˹ص˵ҴӦڲȥ𣬵ңǸ˭ 

˹뷴˫ɱ£ҲûҪص 

һ漴Цԭԭ÷һֱCIAѹַչô죬»Ľλٺ٣ôǡ 

߶Ȼɫһ䣬ʵǸ쵰ûѰôɣ 

˹֪ʲôϽ˵ЩĥãûĵزСＰʱϵˡ 

˿תͷӺϿҵصлл˰ 

ӺЩִ٣Ƭ֮˵Ӧõģˡ 

˵ѣ۾ոգʮƣ롣ؿǸϤӰȻЩȡӺǰûʲô죬Ȼ;ί 

ע⵽ˣʱʲôûˣϽ˹ȥʵôô 

˵һá 

ӽлãŭصͺ𡣡ҽ㵱ĵġ 

ǣǣҪңҲ˺òã 

㣿˭Ҫ㣿㬵˵Ժﶼ׼ȥֻ׼ߡ 

͹˹̿ӺҲ˲ͷƺû뵽ڵϴȻһҲ˵黰 

˹Ͼǹˣ˸ơ 

˻⣬ĵظ뿪˷䣬Ȼϡ 

ȫˣȲʧѪɫĴʣĶ 

΢ЦҼ磬˫ȣû󰭡 

룬һ뵽ɫ˫ۣǲģСĵϵıӣ˵ҿ 

ֹȴ 

Ϊڻҩûд·ϱֱҧٺֳ 

ɴ۾Ѹӿȫ¶һ飬ǺñӣȴԽԽ١ 

ϽȰ磬ʲôҲ֣ǻؼ˵ɡ 

˵ͷȴɫأȻѹ 

֪ʲô΢Ц˵磬õǵС͸ϵˡ 

֣һĻɵ˿ͷظĶ͵صҲҪ룬ֻǲίû˼ƽʲôôɸɾһˣҾ㡣 

ţ֪ģû¡ŨŲסֱ۾˯ȥ 

Աߣһֱҹ 



ȵλĽͯһ·Ͱͣ°Ҳðɫĺ磬һЩɣԹ˹˵ʹȥ 

˹Щ죺ǾȽϺá죬飬ҵҲܲ˰ɣ 

̾˿ҵȻֲġҴߣҲǲ㡣Ѿ֪ˣʽܱߵļңѻƬջʱɨ¡СˣйͶ˹ǲӡҪ̣һԼȫҲ̫ǡ 

˹ϵص˵ͷҲ˵ˡǵıܹúܺãڼҲŵõϢҲãʹȥɡ죬ǽˣ翴֣Ҳ̫á 

ҵνĸ߸дҾһҲšνߡȷʵؼȥƣҲЩ 

˹¶һ͵Цݣû뵽һҲ۰˵ĺˡðɣ߰ɡ 

ôǾ͸ˡվʮֳϿҡౣء 

صʱι࣬ӺֻվһߣȻһԲ 

̴нӹ룬ϸĵһһ׵ؽι 

ɫȻʮֲ԰ףȴ࣬һ˿Ц⣬˿˾ú 

ȵ꣬룬һֽһ˵Ͼߡ 

ƺһ㶣漴˵ͷ 

תͷº͵˵ĽɳСҲһ߰ɣҪսˡ 

ս 

ǰʽһδжĲǰͻ˹̹ЩСйͶ˹ǣģСҹʱһ·϶о￪Σ˵йͶ˹ɳֲҲѵ˸ҿͿˡ 

ǵжŰǱܵһ벢ǵжҲǰȫűܣֱɳͻӳˣǲͨزţҰȫ͹ 

Ȼͻ¼Ѿ֪ܲͨͨСȫԱˡҪûˮ㣬ȡܰܲرƳýһĳܡ 

˵꣬΢ЦҡҡͷҵߣСϲ֡磬߰ɣҺС¿֡пܣСֻҪ˼ֲӵ棬ȸߵء 

첻ɵȻʧЦҶԣֻĶˣӣԾԾԣԼʱһ 

ţ㲻Ȱ˼ڹõ̧¥ϳ 

Ȼеһȡ 

Щͣ¡ 

ϽôʲôҪ𣿡 

ǡ̧ͷӺСأ 

ӺϴӺվڳԡ 

ȥ 

Ӻһԥ̧ 

ֺסס֣ǳֿ˵Сллҡ˺лһҪϪǺúþһۡ 

Ӻ˵ͷ 

Щᣬһֱûзſ֡ 

һȻ󲻿죬̧־ͰԼУ 

20ԽҰɵĳ⿪ȥһʱƾˡ 

ӺһֱվĿ뿪 

쿴ӺѸԶȥӰǲΪȻѵϲǸСˣҿһ˿ףݵøһֲ˵ŤŤģֻ»ǴаɣȤҲûУʲôֵϲģ 

ЦԷǣں˵ʲôѽ˼ҵľˡ 

һۣûǲ׼ 

ǿЦ˵ˣЦ˿ͦ۵ġ 

ϵ̲סˣʱȫЦ 

ҲúЦȴݣ죬˭ҪЦһȥͰӵι㡣 





14. 

뿪ĵҹͻȻӵ֪ͨʰƷ˹뿪 

ǵĳҹɫһֱԽڹҰʻȺɽ֮С 

Ļɽǹ³ĬţһصϢ 

Ӻǳڳ￴;ķ羰ʲôҲûʡ 

ɽת˼Сʱֱӿɽ 

漫󣬶׶һԹ 

ڣﵽˣǹʵȫװȴǵֵ֯ɫװȴţǵĳӽЦߺʶѴк 

ʽ𡢹̾Լܱ߹֯ж򡰽¡ѲһˣСǴ˲٣ϰˣʱ˵Ҫ򣬶£Щ˷ܡ 

Ӻһ³Ź˹߽΢ЩͨвٿСңǽڻսûϸǰ˺ܳľ룬ٹ˼䣬ͣ¡ 

ӺѾڸղŽɽУԱɽˡ 

ǽССĹ۲ף˹⿴˿ȽϸߣȻԿԶԶʱһֱɫĹʵҡš 

˹һ̾˿΢Цϧˣôõճɣתۼûˣгֻ»ᵽȱ۸Ӹ߲£ЩҪøǮӵҲ͵˷ʵֱЩɨɨظ֪֪һʽķ 

ЦҲΪ˹Щ 

⵹ǡ˹ͬĵͷԶΪԼսģϧЩսʿ 

Цŵͷǡ 

ӺȴһԲ 

ûһ·񲻼ӰӺһֱϸĹ۲죬Ŭожǲȥˡ 

˹عͷЦδ̣Сһܿİɣ˵˹ʢİС飬йȴЩصͻӣֽ磬һǵһǰй涼÷־Ӣӳģȴһ֧ӣҺܺ氡 

¶֮ɫģͻӣȷʵû˵СﵹǿԸǺúýҲҿۡ 

ӺվڶڱߣŴȴֳ˷ܵĹâù˹˲ɵʧЦ 

ʵ˵ͻӵֵġֲֻǰ齨ģھڸ߼ܣһ㼶ľٶ֪еĻҲֻԼ˵ȻûȥͼǸǲɡ 

Ÿ߿ƼĲϳ֣սʽѾȥ˺ܴĲͬʹõԶ̺ըȻҪľȷսԽԽ 

ڣйѾԽԽؽ˹мڴˣӦѸٽһ֧Ӧȫսľֲӣõί׼ 

ֲ֧ѡԱı׼ֲֻ̣ӡٷӦӺ͸ѡӢͬʱպͿվеԱֲӱΪеľӢֻ򱻳ΪֲӵľӢ 

˵ʱӵʱھ˼죬˷ǳ࣬ȴֻٮٮ߲ܹ롣ȻǽܼΪϿѵʹǳΪȫսʿ 

κǵ״γɡ 

˼䣬˹е˵ҹû˯СرһҲˣȥϢɡҹƶԷҪҲԺˡ 

˵ͷӺһ𣬸ŽܹܹĨǵ˷ָסĶߡ 

ܹܽͲ͡ϴͷĵطϸˣſ뿪 

ţ̼޼豸ȻӺҡҡͷûκε豸룬Ҳǹ˹һأĵطӦúܶ࣬ʲôϵͳģ̫鷳ˡ 

Ӻ΢΢ͷ͵͵˵ͻӺͰС֣ټҵľӣҿ˹ֻмܲסʥ¸һ֧Ԯ 

ʾͬ⣺ڰշ￴ƬǵĹϵ㲻һҲѡ˹ֵסտ϶ԮҲһЩ˶֮ͽᱻֲסġ 

ǡζһ˴ģɨҲزסˡӺ˼šһֱӰ߮ΪʲôûϢأ 

֣һԱŵӺıʽźţΪֹǲûյ߮ǵϢеǸŮˣ̫סˡ 

ⲿֵطָӲĵشպܰ˷ƣΪĿǰҪ˯ 

˹˵ӺѾҹûкˣȻи־֧ţһҪչжû㹻ͺѱ֤׼ȷʵʩƻܹܴܿɣԣһʱϢҲǵְ 

ӵʯһɣӺܿ˯ˡ 

Ȼ˹Ĺȴ˼ƫ 

ͻӺͰСǰٶȷǳ죬սڵҹˡ 



СɱϣͻɶֱԤ쵽ϸ鱨Ĺ˹ܳѨ 

ڹ˹е±иʽȽûгװֱ룬ʹ˶ɡڿֱӷɵĿϿգȻ󷢶ͻϮ 

ûκεֿطǿճǡ 

ָӲ 

һֱڿй߻Ѹӵ̣ХԤȥ 

һһƵıը˹һƶ״ݻ١ڻҩͰƷӦһϵбը֮ĵĿֻ꣬޷ֱĲҽ 

ţͻ˹̹Ͱľӿˡ¡صһһؿСׯ˯ŵĴѡǶУսľ治ϴȻʿ³صؽŲǰȥ 

û˳е˶ڴ͵͵ 

ʹ˻ǰƽ߽ȵĻɨȼյĻ𣬼ĳΪһ塣ڳзţԼѸӣЩĻͳĹ 

ڹ˹ԿԶԼĻŨŨĺ̡ 

˶֪ȼգʹʡ 

Ӻڵһıըʱ˹˶һۣѸ˳ 

˹վָŹ۲촰⡣ 

ӺûгԴֻĬĬվ 

˹΢Ц˵ǿԸԳˡ 

Щǣеﶼᱻ𣿡 

˹תЦŵͷǵģӣεָӹ̬ʮǿӲǴǵĻȫٵ 

ĵʵô죿 

˹صйоϻҰղ紵ˣ11֣ҵҪǷʵÿɨΡгдһ׬ǮһḶǮҲˣûʲô˵ġ 

¶ο֮ɫЦ˵ͺá 

˹һۣ΢ЦʣϢ𣿡 

ͷܺã˯ôãû뵽ء 

λ䲻˯ô죬ܲ˹Ȼǵıֺ⡣һǵĽ˸е˼顣Ҫʱ׼Ӧ䣬ܿܽͻսʱλҲɷӡ 

ӺЦݿ˵ðСֻѾˡ 

˹ͰصȥԷɣȻǿȥЩԼϲ 

Ƿǳʱڣ˹ҲûôأǵڲԶĶȥ¾Ϳʼ͡ 

ӺһֱĬغţ̣ 

˹ĹȷģӺͻӾͿˡҹ뿪ɽ֮ǰӺϢǨ÷ָǣ˹ĲѸ֪ͨܲӵ鱨һ֪ͨ𣬶ֱڹͻҲͻܿõڣϵͳĿٷӦѾﵽʮȽˮƽ鱨´һߵĲӣʱ䲻ᳬ5ӡ 

ɽ棬ӺܷκϢֻܽաĻ̫գһϢ֣ױ˲ֻҪǨ÷ںţǾһʧ 

˶ûܿ˼򵥵͡ 

ܹ߹ͨһиʽսķ䣬ѡԼϲ 

Ӻ˿һ֧΢ͳǹһ֧ѻǹȡһ֧ǹһ֧ͻǹؼ״صͷȻ⼸֧ǹʹõĲͬھӵװһֻ˳ 

ܹšѭԭ·أȻֻ߹һΣȴȻѾסԹʽĸ·ܹܴ·㰲ȻصԼסķ䡣 

ܹܺ壬һԱ㣬Ȼ뿪ˡ 

Ӻڴأһ߰Ūǹӵһе죬϶˵żӺشһ䣬˵ȫǼëƤС£ʲôǿĹȻһźȥǹŹֶȤʲôСͤˣҪˣ벻ȵȣȫʲôŵ˼ 

˵ƺҪֵĻϲС黹ͻӣ 

Ӻ룬صνСǾøʢȻʶʶǸʲôͻӣû˵㲻ʵΡ 

ţ⵹Ҳǡǹ顣 

Ӻ޳ǹӣȻ΢΢һЦ㻹ûԿǹɱأвУ 

˸Կ 

˵ţڵűƿˣһɳĮԲսİЦسſڡ 

վһˡĿ࣬ɫͺհ̵ĿڵͶǡ 

Ӻϸо˵ϡ 

Ǵ˴жĿ꣬ʥ¸ͷĿ 





15. 

վеͻǹǹ׼ȴȻЦݿ䣬˿־塣 

һæǹ£վ 

ӺҲվ 

ʼձֳʿȣŮʿʮء 

պ⣬Ҳܿģǵôǹְɣ 

΢ЦŵͷǰǰҪһ£С£ûʲô⡣ 

Ǿͺáջ˵ǾҸģġ˫ɱ仰˵ǰ 

ǰһϵЩͣص˵ͷӲӢ˵ɳ֮Ǿˡ 

İ˵ҵҲ˵ 

΢Щȣ漴ð̸ܶԣ 

Ҳࡣ΢Цĸǰˡ 

ͷĽ䱸࣬ɫ֮һЩðǻӭǼǡ 

ǣЩ󡣡ѵǽˣ 

ѡһЦǡʥ¸ 

˫ƺʮ΢΢һ 

һ漴Ȼæʲ˷ܵ˵ԭǴ˵еĸʿһһᡣ 

ϴʱһ˿΢΢Цݣĺ嵭ࡣתȥӺ˵ͷ˵ǹһᡣ 

ӺҲ΢΢˹ȴû˵ 

æһԵСֻԲ 

΢΢һЦּðθӣҪúڸǴһλսҶǸǱһ𣬻ǵж 

˵νôС 

ƺг񣬱ҿΪⱻԼˣʱȸǱһսλù̶ҲʶǵһսС飬ҪʱҲԵж 

 Уû⡣ ЦҲ̫ĽɳСС 

΢Ц˵áôĽɳСɡ 

Ǻָܿ߳ǰĴ󶴿Сˣ඼ɳĮԲʣȻǸġʥ¸ˣ϶׼Ŀֲӡ 

ӺǣעǵװǴʹóǹһЩǹͻͲǹ٣䶼õľɫĶ̵뵽ЩʿйأͨĹԱɨ䣬ôˣ˲Ҿ磬һŭڡȥǶԵڣǳ侲š 

ǳ֣ЩҲû̸ֹͣЦֻǳѺõصͷּ˵Լȥˡ 

е 

һСӱһʯϣԼϵľѻǹµأ˹ 

˵λĽɳСԼˣ͹ǱһС飬սʱѻ⣬ҪעⱣǵİȫ 

ǸСǡʥ¸ľѻ֣Կ˿ǣЩɣȻԸϡ 

һ 

ԱЦɱСǣǡ˫ɱ޵϶Ǻպĸ֡ 

ǰһģɳ͹𣿡 

Цص˵ͷ 

Ӻȴһ仰Ҳ˵ 

ǰȵؾȭһļ磬˵û⣬ĸ˴ˡ 

Цð 

̴ǹȥȻйĸֹǻܡǵڶѻ֣Ҳžѻǹ 

һĹǶڸͨĴ۲죬ѰþѻĵطԼ˵·ߡӺҲͳûĵˡ 

˵ͬһС飬ǽǷֳӣԼ͹һӣ˫ɱһӣڵԱǳϵģȽ˳֡ӺȻ֮ãͬ⡣ 

˺ԭ˹˶ȥ˯ˣ¸𾯽ڱֲ࣬ȴܺ 

ӺҲصǵķ䣬¶ԡ 

ũһûɫҹֻмǳںڰԵʮְ 

ҹʱ֣һȺɳĮԲսͿͲʵϢɽȥǱйɫʵͻӡ 

һԣȻߵ羲Ĭ˴ֻ֮ƺͶｻǵжٶȼ죬ɳһȺɽ֮ĹȵأΪεؽӽĿꡣ 

ÿ˶䱸ȫ׵ĵսϵͳϵͳȽͷϵͳװϵͳ/ͨѶϵͳϵͳаGPSǶλϵͳͺ⡢ȸСXȶִ̽ϵͳ˺ܿҪҵĵط׼ȷط˶ںͼƹ۲촰ͨ׵Сڡ 

ͻӳСӳһ𣬵ؿ´Ǽ˵ͷ漴ɢȥԼСӷɿؽսλá 

ʮְŻеƵբڽţȥ 

30Ӻ󣬸Сͬʱ 

ʮöѵʯĽ紦öѣεҲͬʱЩСͶȥ 

ǱЯлԵļ翸ʽѹ޵Ŀռѹ˲¡ѹԲµ豸ϵͳص٣ͬʱܽ޿ռڵѸٺľӶ±ըڵԱȱϢרݻٲڶѨڵµĿǣѾӵԼˣϽʹ 

ıըصĴűը÷ɽ˶С 

ͬʱͶ붴ѣεһ˲䷢ǿҵ͸Ƶҵ˶ܵǿҴ̼ҵѣθУϵͳ˻εɥʧս 

ͻԱһԾ𣬳սγ붴С 

ǰǵһ˯Ŀֲ˲٣Եڱ򱻱ըǿƷεڵء𣬲ȶλá 

ҵǹڶлص 



ӺҲͬץǹѸ˳ȥǱԼٶȣԼȥֻͨĿֲӿһ㣬¶ 

ǵλָǰĵڶϣҰܹЧⶴָͨĵͨ 

ǽ̿ʼεز١ 

ȻûֱӵӴÿʱһö΢׷ӱе󾱵Ƥϡǳ΢һо 

ڣǾעűźŵƶ 

ڶУָȫֿȫ⺷ĽӣҪǷǳѵģҪؿѡ 

ֻǵҪУӺֻҪһӵܰ쵽ҪܣشعȥǾͲô򵥵ˡ 

ǹڶ죬м׺ͻıըʱ˱лըɵĲҺڶлص 

Ӻ߱赲ĳֻܿһС룬սȫжϡ 

ͻˡʥ¸͹˹ľӵǿֿеθӣ͹ʯͰȥİЩЧڻӵɣֹǵĽ 

ӦСӽͨС׽ǿӽȥըһһشݻ޴ĵ¹¡ 

ţһԲ״͵ķױͻԱֲӵĺ󷽡Զ1׵ĸ߶ȣȻʼתԲΧǹһӵ籩йõ⧲Բ̲϶£¶ϵ˶ֱ洢ǧӵ䵽ϡ 

ͻĹЩֲӴֲ˺ܶ࣬һЩ˽ұܹȴǶǣҲ޷ͻԱɨ䡣 

ǰĻͻӵļǰͻơ 

ʱѻֿǹˡ 

ǸͻԱĴϵͳȸ֪ʹһ˲Ա߷ܣȴǱӵУˡ 

ǹ𣬷ǳ׼ȷشͻԱϡ 

ͻӵľѻͨҵ˵λãλü꣬ҶͻʯڻѴС 

ߵĿֲӳûһŵ˷׷¾ǹݺݵɨ 

սֳš 

ӺΪѵľءǵλ뿨͹֮ƣǴ㻥ڻɽҲ˵ǻ඼¶ڶԷӺҪɱ練ƣζǵݺܿܽ¶ж˱ʧܡԹۣͻӵʧͻӡ 

һ߶žͻӲԶɽڿǹһ߲ʱؿһۣȻڴߴ 

Ӻ˼룬Ծϡ 

ⶴͻԱ·һ·ţһ·ͻӵݵطɹǵԣҲϵǲĵط 

͹ľѻǹȻ޷ӦйĳǹӵһʱѹƵ̧ͷ 

ͻԱٴǱߵʩ˷ף˿ֲӽһɱˡ 

ӺıϣʾźźȻ 

Ȼ㳷ˡ 

ڻȴηͻԱɨţʱͶը 

豬ըڻӺϵתǹڣ׼ȷؽӵ˿͹ͷ­һԵ̱ſССҶڡ 

ͻԱزߵı仯̷ٵͻ 

Ӻˡ 

Ӻ˳صľѻǹֻųǹǹֵɽɱ 

һƬڰûκθ豸ȫƾоͰ쿴κļ䣬ԹʽͨмС 

źҹǵͻԱβ׷ǰ˵ӰһҰһȥֿ׼ 

ϵļתֱʹ˶ЩӵȵĸоʱȻѾӵദˡûȥᣬֻŬߵķ£ 

˶ƤЬͻԱųصѥӣŲ޷εġֳƵںںĶﴫ￪˿ֲϢǳ˵ıٶԿǣҿȥ࣬ϤĿֲӵսȻֱͬš 

૵ģǼ˹ˡ 

Ӻܱ߲ʱػͷȴ׼ͷǳͷϵĶڴ򡣲ӵȥͻԱԵܣ׷ͷ㱻ӻˡ 

ԶԼļǹϡ裬ȻⶴǱߵսѿ 

˹ͰѾˣѸ򶫱ݡ 

ӺȥҲûҵڣֻּܱܵķ񱼡 

ں׷ͻԱȻ棬ٶȴûǿ죬ԽԽԶӵҲٽҧǲţвԴ󽵵͡ 

ӺźһҲҷɣȫǰ 

ڣԽԽˣǰҲһ˿΢⡣ѸŹķȥ 

ǾȻ˼СʱڣѾСĶ˽ںڰд˺ܾõֻҫۣһʱͣסŲܵԣӦ˺һ⿴ȥ 

ľɫʮİȻвԴɭֳ֣ĺ棬ǹȰɽڳƮ֮䡣ǲ֪ѾصдԽ˼ɽˣڵǰȫûĵط 

΢У˹ͰյӰʱʱԼвٺǹʵĿֲӣʮƥƺڵʲô 

ţıӰӳ20ʥ¸˹ȥ 

ȻŶм临ӵĵΣд󲿷ֲֿӶ˳ 

ӺһԾҲǱ˹ȥ 





е˶ԾڵˣҲΪһӳģûиеš 

˹ͰնѾɫĴԲսվȺǰ棬ؿ߷ܹˡ 

ǳɫ·浽ѪȻˡӺȻһ£ϿǷˣֻɫԲ԰ףһģһɫʯȻƯȴԱ䡣 

ȻʮǿܹѵӺȴҪԶˣʱСʱıܣ·Ǧһǡ 

Ӻܿܵ漴˽ŲòûгԽǡ 

ͷһۣʵôҵڵģ 

ЦϤʱ½һ³·ߣǻûҵڣֻһֱϹתòײſһ⣬ܹ 

΢΢˵ͷŶǻǺ˲ġطû˴ţû̽Ļ档 

̾˿˵òҲǽҡ 

Ȼӡ󲻴˿һµѪգº͵ʣ˭ѪĻǵ˵ģ 

ͷƣں˵ҵġ 

ŶôˣøϽ赭д˵̧꣬ͷӭİա 

ȵӵһ£ʵûУ 

ҡҡͷ 

պܸˣҾ֪ǴӢۡ 

΢¶Цݣ§§ 

Ӻûֻȥ 

˹ҲбЯʽӼ豸һֱͻԱ֮ͨŵ˱ЩͻԱ׷˼СʱܼǹУ˵ǡܵñӻ족˵˾һֱѣЩ˻˼նӡ 

ʱ˱˵س֣͵ЦЦͰ˵뿪ɽӪȥǱҽǵôҪɣ 

Цû£ˣûʲô󰭡 

˹˵ͷǺãɡ 

ֽЦתͷӺСᣬһҴ㡣 

ˣתͷǸһۣɫǲơ 

Ӻû˵ֻֽӹǣǰ 

΢Ц˵ллˣǻǰûµʱǾ͵ȥ档˵ţҲﵽϣƹȻ֡ 

һЦһǰȥ 

һ˷ɽԽ룬ߵĶû·ĵطģԽԽߣҲԽԽ峺ɽȪشּ䱼ʱ 

Щֲӱ˲ЦȻͻӵǿս壬Щ粻ֱʱǵŷ˵Цˡ 

˹˴ŵĵӼغ͵Ӹװһֱţʼע쳣Ӻһ·ûзκźţֹճϵĳ΢׷Ĺⱻ 

Ȼʹõ豸Ӻȴɫؽ;΢źŷɢһĻѧʣЯ΢̽ 

ȺһֱмɣϢսԽԽԶ 

һֱߵϦ£ǵһɽȡ 

ĵʮվԱǧԽԽм£ͷֻܿһ졣ߵĹȿڶСνһ򵱹أĪɽ϶εڣʮܡ 

ȴܿʯԲľһЩӡɽ꣬Ե÷ǳʪ 

߽ʱЩж˳ȻƵĵƹ⡣ 

նӺЦЦǲǺ̫ܷ磬ɼɽʹá 

Ӻ˵ͷһ˿顣 

Ȼϲѵõ¶ֺɵòֹȥ˸ͷº͵Ц˵ûµĻҴɽơ 

ӺЩɣƺǼܲסĵʹ΢΢˵ͷ 

ںˣɫʱµشǸкӣȴû 

Ȼ⺷ܣһҹһ죬еƣˡ˹ȺҲûиȫȥԷҽȥҽ˿ڡ 

ӺҲմҽ·¶޳ȳƵ壬浽ǱӵըѵʯƬƵ˿ڣѪѾˣһִɵ廭ȥУջ 

һԿӺ˸ҵĹââڱܲ 

ãҲ˹վһԿţĿ絶ҪӺֽƬһ㣬˲̵Ѫȡ 

ӺһֱԱǣҽǰƺתȥһԵת˹ 

Ǹ˽ɵһ漴һɺӼ׵ӿͷϤıжʱϯȫ 

ڻЦĺɫͷһֱĸоɱĿ֣ǱѪûĿ⣬һƿԼе 

Ǹܰȴ֪Լһ侲ħ 

ͬࡣ 

ǣһһȺͬͬԣڱѩﳤҲҲụɱݽԷʺ˺ԷѪ£Լ 

Ӻ۹˺ܴı仯Ǻòҵͬļϲú䱸 

ӺȴȻһߵĮҽϵ˿ҩãش·Ȼ˳㣬ϵˡ 

ڣӺס˴󲿷Ŀ⣬ûʲôעܿͱһҽ˿ڣȻĵش·վǽߣϢؽһ΢źŷӱǽ 

ȵӺޱؽ´ϣϵƤղº͵˵ϽȥԷɣȻúϢ 

ûٶ˵ֻЦЦӺһ߳ȥ 





ǳȥȻһץסյͷ漴סĺ󾱣³Ťݺݵס 

ճʹ̧ϥǱײ 

һֵסĹһصһľ۵һ 

ģҵǱһЩҲֹ̧ͣ§סĲӣҵҧš 

˵ؾ˺ܾòŷֿǿһˣҽ뿪ԱҲȫԷȥˡ 

һƬҺ죬۴鵴İգͳݵ˵ȥǸС 

տıЦţһָֻ˫صѡ 

ݶ˵棿ҪңҾ㡣ΪڷҾͲܶ㣬˭ҪһɱȮ 

ճԳԵЦҾϲƢģҶǸСҲѰġ㲻Ǹǳһ˷ܲѡ뵽ڴϣһ߿һߺҾ;ûǻ𡣡 

һ͵سһͷֹĻȻŵȻ˵ôҵҪԡ 

ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻƿչԼǻ壬һ±Ūҵͷ˵ϲĽɳܲӲϹɣ 

ӥأζ飺ϲĽɳǾͿǲİɡ 

ʲô۾΢΢һУ漴ɴˣ㻳ǣ 

һ壬Ҳŵġ 

ЦĽɳ壬ҸҲǣҾ͸ˣѪкü֣һ·ˡ㻹ԶɣŪѪ 

ؿһѸֽץ漴ǽϣص˹ȥ 

ռҵţУ 

ȴع漴ȥ 

Ұһݵھš 

һֱûȥԷ˹ҲûеȣӺǳ 

ɽҰеĶҰҰõ⣬кüʵҰˣűˮӺúõسһ٣ü¶ƣɫ 

˹һֱ̬ȴݣ˿ԵüˣͰЦȥϢɡ 

ǿ˹ǷǷźӺ˳ȥ 

ɽһƬڣ˽΢ƹ⣬Сĵܹ 

λܹҲһֱɫȻؽǴһǰض˵ҪһЩλʲôҪĻܸ˵һ취 

΢ЦллûʲôرҪѾܺˡ 

ܹܴǽţһĿȻŽʵľխխĵ˴汻ȫűһܣë衣ǽǷůˮƿ 

ܹ˵ˮƿˮλϴˮҪˮĻɽȪ 

áӦţܹܿͳš 

Ӻ̵ڴϣһҲ붯ˡ 

Ҳƣ룬ȴӲŽˮëŽȥȻšˣùȥݸӺº͵˵ϴһϴ˯ɡ 

ӺɫúͣԹԵӹ̵ëͲ˼飬žˣһڳ 

ӣɵЦҲϴȻˮһӡ 

Ӻȥ˹ŵߣ˵ϴɡ 

ЦţҲûȥϴˡ 

Ӻϴţˮ˳ȥŻ裬ţ˵ơ 

˴ʱദ˿Ҳྴⳤ 

ӶܸɾɢˬϢºͳ㣬˱ѡû۾ӺҲ˽ 

һȴûʣֻǺȻһ㣬˲˯㡣 

Ӻͷļ磬Եúȵӣ˵˯ɡ 

֪⣬ҸղͰտ۹ҲʵľϣӵߵܹǵһЩ 

յأټƣ˶ͣȻʱ˿Ѽڳȴûʲô˼ܿͳ˯ȥ 

˺ܾãǵķűƿͰվĵǰҹǿһ˯ˡ 

Ŵȴ˯һ𣬿Ҳʮܣ·һߣԵıʾϵġ 

ЦЦЩŰվҪߡ 

ȴĵʼ硣 

ӺѾ߹ԼϲĽɳνֻõӵ壬ϴһ˷ĸоϲ˭Ͳں 

֪飬ʱϼס־ߡ 

ʹһ̧ȱ˹ȥ 

ֵ 

бײ漴һߡ 

ܿȴײܡ 

˸ߵ⣬Ӻˣȴһװ˯ʱ΢һ춯Ӻװոձѣִ̽óǹָǡ 

ȻںڰаտĶȴѾеķӦæеСңǹ 

ӺĶͣס 

ƺʱűѣԺʵˣʲô 

մ˵ƣ˰̧ӱ㻬ȥ¶˳˫硣һƾ˵䡣 

ЦؿǣǸ˵˯ú𣿱ůů 

ܲ죬˿ֿ˿վһǿ˵ллͦů͵ģǶ˯ò 

ձ˵ͷǼ˯ɣˡ˵꣬ʣ˵ƣһ˳ȥ 

Ӻǹ£д˯ȥ 

Цţ§ʵ 



ɽڵñȽֱʱ9ˣоϲ 

ɽֻܾлڵȥƤѥںĲݵϣᡣ 

ӺѾˡȻһֱžҲǺúõ˯һҹﾯ磬ûʲôʱ򼡷ĸо 

һɲǼ䣬˵ﶼӿһƺЩ΢κͲ֪롣ܿ죬Ƕ侲΢ЦЦ 

ӺŴ㿴ӻ𣿡 

ͷļѣ˵ֻ²ᡣҿͰնкܴȤ㲻ûŪȥ3Pʲôġ 

ӺҲסЩݽ棬ʲô¸Ӳ̾˿ôǲŻ֣ܲİɣ 

͵Цˣҵݸǿ˵ţȻӺϡ 

׺ɵĽȻͬߴ˶׺Ҫ޳ӯö࣬ϸϣ˶ 

ӺЦ˵ˣҪҺÿôţ 

ҲЦЦҪȻһ 

ӺͬʱߵĽŲ 

ӵסӺȥ 

Ӻûԥܵӵǡ 

ǹȥ;ϣ˫ɱڽϳѾ3ˣȻĪ⣬żҲڴ֮ͥࡣݳ֣ںڵ֮УʱΪ鷳ͻٰˣҲֻоֳֹ֮㹻ѣûйܵĽӴ 

ı壬˫ִļһѪȻͷ 

ϲӺָ3ǰͿʼˡ 

ǸʱСѵǱɳȥСҵʵϰ8һ񣬿˴֮ϡӺŲ16꣬ȴֵô죬侲Σͷж׼ȷָ˶Ҫ㣬Ϊ˵֮һˣһֱǳϴ󡱡 

ٺǷƽʱıֺͼۺϷӺʵϣϵľˡǴʮ־գҲʹ˫ɱֽ֮Ѹںڵ 

ԺҲ˴Ӻȴǵִ۶ôΣգʱ£ۡ 

ڣе˶ѳ죬Ӻʼİ䣬СʵǸӣǻۺر˲жȴˣ͹ҰȫίԱΪٵļ֪ĸ߼쵼ΪйɫжԱҲΪ֮Ӻȴʼյģ·֪¡ 

С鳤һֱǳĺͰԼԱһ˵Ҫż÷֮⣬϶һִʱӺرΣչͷǲԼİȫȴҪһϵѪϴУӺĸѾԽԽȴӣұס 

ǳʱ䲻ȴһֱԵߣִеĶһعɲ˵һǳΣջ߹¶Ǻҵ˻߰£ΪܻȻʧҴͣͨ˶Դ˺ѽܣ˿ɹѡķΧʮխڣ׿ĸѾʻ߮»ҲѾȷ˹ϵǶһֱϹȻȻĽ⣬÷ƺҲѾŮѣֻǨ˻ǵû˵ʲôڽ 

Ӻڲ19꣬ʹǿհףҲǺģѾ27ˣȴһֱûжѺСĳԱΪԱأżȽϽ˵һ밢Ѫͳ˵ʲô˲֪ĽɣҲ¡ֻԼ֪ӵеֻһӺ 

˲ǵ鳤ǴϰĹӣʵ̫⣬ûȥ׷ 

Сƽʱô磬ԼȦӣֻйʱŻ۵һƽʱҲûиӺ绰֪˵ʲôҲ޷Ӻճ 

ԼĹ簲ȫʣܹɵؾӺĹȴһֺеĹӸѧţҲǸѵĶǡЩͨƽУҲǡ̫ӵĸĸǿѧңӺȦʵǷţ༰ 

ϲӺȴ֪ô￪ʼ 

죬ܹӵˣȻڹҪעеĸ飬翪բĺˮһϯȥ 

Ӻиоӿ鳱ɵЩ졣ֻϷôɣҪڳڵĸǿѵҲͬļͶȳƣڻָкܺãϾȥоЩȫ񶼼⽥߽΢ĽŲС 

ܿ죬ûװľűƿˡ 



ܿ죬ûװľűƿˡ 

æֿ¡ 

ЦԲһΪѾˡ 

ȻѹӺϣתգһķ飬Ʋס˵ˣƻ˵ĺǲµġ 

ӺҲ죬ض 

վ˫֣Ц˵ǸǸ´һš 

뿪ֻεطʵˣ𣿡 

ʼ磺ǵ·ȫˣҸ滻˵ţ߽׵õĴԲʷһſմϡ 

˵ллˡ 

ÿЦУȥ͡⣬ûȤȥɽϹ䣬ķ羰ͦġ˵ڣһҲ·Ǵһεġ 

̾˿ðɣϾ 

տǰ龰ɵЦտڲǣɱҵ̫á 

תȥһԾѸٴ·ղӿЩоѾʧ١ 

Ȼ˵ߴƵú׼ȷ·ͦġ˴ϣʶʱˣЩֲͦġ 

߽˹Ͱնڣһ˵װ˹Ц¾͸Լˡ 

Цøǿģô죿ǾϽԷɡ 

˹Ȼ֪⻰ĺ⣬ɵö¶ζ顣 

Щ漴ߡ 

Ӻȴɫ䵭Աߡ 

ܹܺܿϻȼ嵰ե֭ˮ˶ܿ˵лл 

˹߳Ա˵ѾõϢС鵷ǵӪءѾյ֮һˣЩһֱڲϵؽе̺ʽƽҹƽĻǱסˡֻܾԼʵǳ˾һжð죬Ҫָ׵ġ 

˵ͷ 

˹ЦھҪҲǲеˣ浽ͻӺͰСҲһֱǡ뿪߲˶Զֻ¾ͻײǡԣʱ仹Ǹжɣóʲô£Ҳǽ 

˵û⡣ʵ̼ͦģҺСﶼϲ 

˹ЦǵԸЩӶŷ޺ܹڱۣȴụ̂о񫣬ܵںжӶ˴̣׷̼ 

̿ԣҲġΣո̼ȣǲ˷ܡ 

Ӻ˹سţһֱû˵ 

ȥ˹Ǵλսмң׼֣εĳѨֲ30µĴô࣬ȴץס 

;µźŷһѾСĳԱˣȵ֤ʵ鱨ͨ;תͻӡսһսƲ⣬ĽӦڽҹ졣ʱһҪסϣսܳһ׽ 

ͺܿ˹˵Ӧûʲô£ǾͺúϢɡԵɽҲܺġԴԣǹ 

æЦõġ 

˹һȥˡ 

Ц˵ô棿ǡ 

˿Ӻ԰òһЦһǺС߰ɣͲͷ˴ˡ 

΢ЦҲ֮ദֻԼɽ·ġ 

ƺȻǵͷǺðɣǸŷ߾ˡ 

Цúܿģ˳ȥ 

һ˴ɽȵǲȥģ͵ɽڼֱûйߣҵмҲϲȥСĳԱȴǶͽʵǣʱȻ¶˸ŰеߵȿڣȻ˳żԵСߡ 

羰ȻʮҶķ϶䴩ּİɴһ㻺ƮϺݺҰżСӰӲԶٵȫһɺƽľ 

ǣ𣿡 

ˡҡͷǶɱȤ 

տһԲӺֻϲɱˣ 

ӺȻϲĻϵº͡մɷ羰ʻɨһۣƬ֮ŵ˵ͷ 

պȻᰮңϲɽϵİʱ飬ǲٶ໰ɽȥ 

˵˶ܷɣ·ڽɢ 

ﵽǷųȥζڣӦҲǰȫشǺɽɾĿŲľףöоǳܡ 

Ӻ֮䣬˿ȥòӢ˹ģȻԸһһȣȫͬʮأһһòоԽԽ˷ܣһʱʧȥӦеľ衣 

ԽԽߣҲԽԽܣԼԼˮ⣬һƬž 

ûע⣬Ӻȴϸ 

˷ڶȻһֹֻͣһԭ 

ˡ 





18. 

һ˲䣬ӺͷǱ˲ˣⲻơǹ˹бյˣǵˣͻӣҲпǰС顣 

˼Ƭ̣ӺϣһգͻĴʯ档 

ҲͬʱصһŲ֮ 

΢΢һ㷴Ӧ̴γǹעΧĶ 

Ӻγ˰ǰѡɳĮ֮ӥҲɽѡǹС 

һļš 

ԷȻҲ֪ǷԼûƺڵȶ 

մ·ڴһ߶ϣУӥҹݺҹݺ 

ǱߵصӥףסϾ͵ 

ӺԿ϶еһֲӣֻһСӣճ棬Ҳ10ң򲻻˽ܽϣСӵָӹȷľҪ̰ð̳ˡ 

ǣԷֻ3ˣȻǣֻĬһǱ߾˶ȴֻǷ·Сݴ֮ϸ졣 

ûĸ֪Ů˵ֱȴеΣȻӽһŰǱһķ֮£̽ͷȥǹ 

̣ԷǹҲˡ 

йƵTU39ͻǹżD77ѻǹӺ̶϶ͻӵһ֧Сӡ 

һ߿ǹһż 

ɽУ˹˼н200ˣȫװĿֲӣ10ͻԱܹԸġ 

Էߴ߿ǵĻֻǿӻԷٶȣȴֹˡ 

պ޾ɫɫ糺죬һ˫̵۾ôģԵʮ˷ܡӺקֻǹˡ 

СҪʱðճʲôΣգѲɡ 

ͻԱԽԽӺȴ治ɫǵӵȥƫǳ׼ȷػɻʯ 

ҵǹɭлصԵر̶ɵȺҷɹƵĽͳĻ˻ֲ̿ĸо 

˫ǹսֻмӣŴΧʮϤΣ֪ʲôصһ־ռΣγ˰Χ 

ֱʱǱߵָӹ֪²Ϊˡ 

ͻԱӳǿ׺ѣε漴һ꿪ͻȥ 

ԥ׷ 

һֱ10ܱӺ˺һûҵֵĻᣬֻøǰ塣 

ЩͻԱҲ˴սϻͲʣнΣʱʱ֣˵ٶȷǳ졣 

׷ǵĿֲȴҲǵܹ֮ѵʵս飬һֱ׷ᡣ 

ɣʱ˵¡ͻԱȻҲ˵ģڼսɽ࣬θӣֱҲѽӦֻܿԼͻΧ 

Ӻ£עĶͬʱҲս 

ǳɽȣ˹ļϪû˶ɽ֮С 

λȻСӵָӹٵ˳Լʿһ֣ȳڻ 

̼ˣУҪôһߣҪôһ¡ 

˶࣬һ𣿡 

һսʿ˵׶ӣѾкԮˣٳŰСʱǾܸϵ 

ʮ侲˵໹ܳ10ӣԮô죿Աô죿 

һС12ˣѾ4ɥʧжԱ˱ţҲ˵8ʧȥսֻʣ4ˣҪӦʮֲӵĽǷǳѵġǶһսӢ򲻵ѣǵĳǵġڣֻҪһˣܱס11ǵľ 

ЩսʿȴȻԼĳ뿪ʱֲѾϪߡͻԱһɨȥЩȫѹ˶С 

̲˷ֱκ˶ػذ 

ߵָӹ죬̳ˣ 

Щսʿ˵ǡ׶ӣһҪţǻġȻȫժѵԱߣɿسˡ 

λСӳصнеһǿͨеС·߶ʮïܵɭ֣ᣬߣƹСȥس˵սʿǲܵġ 

ٴ֯һֲԷܼӵӼطͬʱϪ 

˶죬׽ӽĿֲըҵĵҲͣЪ˵˼ǰγһϡ 

Ȼϣֻ10ӣ޳ĪĵطˮĿֲӱ˷Χӵӹףִϰγչ˼ҵⲫ 

Ӻװʼջڰ࣬ûвμӽȴؿ׳ҵһĻ 

ֻ֪ǸͻԱֻͽǡ 

ӺŬź㳣Įһȴڲδеĸо 

ں¡ 

ǸȻĿ壬ԶȴǳϤΣ֮ϸСϰߡ 

׺ɡ 



׺ɡ 

ӺҧؿͶ֮֮Χȥ׼׽˴򵹣߷ɣž˵ҪĶѸٶȫǷܲȻѾ׼ûĴ㡣 

һ˲䣬һ̩ɽǰɫӺȴȻţԼ־ͺˣûм縺ҪĹʹͺˣԺԥ˹ȥ׺ɲսƾ˵һܹӳȥ 

ǣֻվĮȻؿ׺ڱǹصкԣصȥŵ˶ȭߣ³ϹϪˮӵǰ 

ڷ׺µܵеʱӺðշźţָԮȻѾˡǹ߳жʽĹҪɣЭֻһľΪԮʱӦʱ˿̣6ȫϵټҲһʮֲӣȳ׺ɣ˵׽ˡȻı¶ݣжҲʧˡֻǣᶼûУֻܰԴʱ 

˿ѾԵ׺ɣ漴̴ˡ 

ղʣΪʲôҪߣɱ˾ǡ 

˵ҪΪʲôǻҵô׼ȷô죿 

նʱף㷵ߡ 

һ߿첽ظһ΢ͶԽԹ˹˵ץһģ˶ˡҪ̳ߣǵĴֻϾͻˡ 

ӺǣȴûлصɽȣһСٲڵסɽóЯСʿǰ˵΢͵ͲǾڼĹųʪͨ۵ǰš 

Ӻڶڴ㰴ָϴŵĴִý̴ָһһй¶˻ѧʣڴԷɳԵĳִڷƮɺԶľ룬ȴȫᱻ˻һļ 

ڣѾָ򶨣侲Խתø죬˲Ϣ䣬һץסʱץסҲܾȳ׺ɡ 

Сʱ˶۵ýƣӸղŴʱ׷Ѹٳ룬һֱûϢĴ 

ӺҲװʵȴȻ档ΣһֱڷжǷܹ֡ 

ǣɽеͨխǵǰͺ涼кܶˣȫûбʤİա 

ӺǿţԼһҪһˮ׼ܱš׺ɺܾܿȲСҲΣա׺һȴܳ⡣ 

غţŬȥ׺ɱ顣ڣӼޣҲΣգҪСĽ 

ڣǿһ˿ 

һڣصڵš 

ǰ˻ؽ漴̽ͷȥ۲һȥ 

׷˿ 

ǰеһ·ͨʱͣһԽҰ 

˾˸к漴ԽҰ 

תͷӺЦЦһϳɡ 

ƺ۵ùǺû˵ԽҰ 

˷׷ϺĿ׺ȻţЩ˵һȥ 

Ѹǰȥʱſ˿ӺЦôˣ 

ӺŴ⣬һ䡣 

ǿЦЦǰеۡ 

Ҳ۵ɫף˵СңȻܻܿᱻ͵Ϯ˵͸ˡ 

ˣɫͰضӺ˵Слл 

ӺתͷòǷǷȴȻ 

Ͻһ˵̫ˣǾȰҲӦõģ㲻ʲô 

Ц˵˼ҵ㲻ʲô 

̰֣ҵ˼ˡΪ˺ǲӦƴԮİ 

ôʵյ٩æңϵЦŨˡ΢΢˵ͷСֻͻԱˣǲǰգҲΣգԣҲҪлǡ˵ţ 

֣ϿҵصӦġԴǵͷ˶չǣʵһˡ 

һϲǰǰĽɳ⻰Ұ 

΢΢һЦӺСлл㡣 

Ӻ䵭ָ̧գҪ 

ȴսˣζû֡ 

Ӻüһض 

յɫҲصغһ 

ĴЦ⣬һӺ֣ŷſ漴תȥǰ档 

ֱǲһ̵ֱȺɽ֮пһСׯңԶĵƻųȻƵĹ⣬ĺɫиһиС 

ӺХǰֱӿ˴ 

кܶΧȵغ֡·ӣֻǹˣвͨĸŮ˺ͺӡ 

ЦŸһ˻֣㱻˴ӵˡһ㣬Ÿ߸ϵϣ˶Ľ۹⿴ʱԵرߴ 

۾ȥıӰβתͷ˵Ҳȥɡ 

Ӻףˡʥ¸ܸݵء 





19. 

ׯɽɽȣ·Դк׿ơеķݸǸɽһҲʯľͷɡʱһɺƽ 

Ӻ˳ɫĴ˿ȫģ 

󣬿˽Ӷţ׺ɱ³ص䵽ϡһʹѹȴﶯá 

תͷƣ˵ȴȥҿˣǳ극ȥúд 

ųǹĴһץͽף³̧ˡ 

ӺŰ߽еһݣŹ˹мǴСͷĿˡǵɫûа㾪ʧ룬ߵӵɵؿЦ 

Ӻǽֹ֣еӢеðеʲͼǿ佱˼ȥǺȡӢͰòػӦţҲЦݡӺһֱҲԽⶳƺһѵõЦ⡣ 

æȻ죬磬ȴǵصй˵ζ˶ʿˮƺƽʱѳԵζǴΡ˹ǵӣɵ΢΢һЦá 

һ˱һĶ˳Ӻһˣ³˾Ȼǹ˹ķˡû뵽ǸεεйŮȻôΣյ˹ˣֲܳ谮治ǵƾò˵ġ 

ǵĹأŮǲһԷģȴ⣬Ҷ˹Ķ 

һٷԵȻ֣ܿ񵱳ǵĺһƺϰݻǼªĵطȻԵá 

һ˹ץǸͻԱ׼ô죿 

Ϣ˵æɱʳôģõϢ 

˹˵ͷԣطһΣҲֲˣôҵô׼Ҷ·ǳȤ 

촽ȫѪ˷ܣİɣǺòץ˸ģȻúúõؿٺ٣Ҷ˵ǺȤһûôؿһͻԱأúúõĥĥǵľӢ԰ɣСҲһ֪ɣ˵ţĿеؿһߵꡣ 

Ӻ̧ͷ˿򵥵˵ֻԸǴȤ 

̿ǰСϲִ˵бȽȻҲᴳͷ 

Ӻɨһۣ˼ԣǸ˱ͻԱȤȴԱԡ 

ȴֻЦЦͲ³ç֮ˣĪǵĹܣ 

ӺһνӣһԵؼͷԷ 

˵ЦŰѷ꣬ȫмֺĴӽţߣȥǸ²ˣҪƤҪȫ¼񣬰źŴ͸ȫĵ̨ߺߣµ³ 

µأ²γƤȻٿͷһ򿿽ɽߵһʯȥ 

ӺҲһ˿ȥ²ؼֻȤӣ˹ţ޳һȺԲԵøӱ¡ 

ʼոԱߣ˷ܵصһĳ棬СһῪĵģĽɳ᲻᲻ϰߣ 

˹ĵЦЦ֪ǰûСֻϲɱˣһŲܡҸֻᰮװеװɱֳûȥ 

æ˵һ˾òϰߣȥϢҲһˡ 

˵ͷãҲǼʶʶӦĻһ뿪ġ 

˵ţ߽Ǹʯݡ 

׺֫ſһľϡϵͲѱϴȥ¶һӢϵѪ󲿷ֶǱɱĿֲӽģȴ漣ûеֻˣҲûҪֻǱݺݵŹϵϵٺۣѾͷǹػȻеЩѣ߽Щˣȴֻ޾ɫ 

Ӻس֣ǽϣһ²ؼĮȻ 

Ȥʮشǰȥš 

Ҳϸش 

ŴԲʷȥûʲô棬ֻб±Ƚر𣬱һɫͼһѣĿ磬޼᲻ݵ 

Ͼǰȥصسһ⣬Ȼ˴֣ϸӢʵʲô֣ 

׺ɵһѪЦţһڡ 

Цתͷգ벻Ӣ㽲ɡ 

ЦǰָӲĺ˵˧ܿʲôְ 

׺ɱĵؿһѪˮµϣӢӣףӲ 

Ӻδ䣬ȴ󼱡ĻСӣôһԶֱֲѵʱҲȻжԿѶѵȻ󲿷ֵص㶼ộܿʶչĹƣҲѧ˲Ӧɡ쵰ڱֵǿҲߣֻҪ䵽˿ֲУֻʹ߲ҿ֣ܻ֮ųȥڹȥѾͼӪȣͻᱻƣӵ塣ûӪȣᱻһֱÿ̱ƹҲᱻͷȻ̵¼ᱻĵ̨ȫ粥ʵϣͬӪȳȥĿԷǳСӺ΢һˣ׺ɶһж֪ģԸֻʹ죬 

Ӻؿ׺ɣʱѾƽʱǸԼһʱƤļһˣڵǹƥصʱ쳣⺷Ӣ£Ȼ壬ȻʮǿӲȻõӢȴȻ˵㱱Ʀӵζν̸Цˡ 

ӺǽϣؿŰЦݣֲ̧ȥϵĭ˸ӣ漴ֳ˹ȥַȻÿһȥһתһƬ·Ƥ 

һѪ۳ϣ׺ȴһֱЦţ֮Ȼߣӻͦ 

ոŭʱ꣬ȵˣ㽫һӣվһŵĹ˹˵Ҫ廨һһһӹȥҪȫӳڻ 

˶Цˣãá 

տ׺ɣȻЦҾϲǿˣܺθڡ 

׺˸Żı飬Ц˵ϧɫȾŮ磬ҿɰθҲûУֻöġ 

ʱȴˣЦ㲻Ǻǿ𣿺ð㻨Ưһ㣬Ŵ̼Աġһ²Ʒʹֺܺɣҽ㳢Ҳܸζ㵽ʱͷӲӲֻû¾Ҫɹһǰʩˡ 

ʱ˵ܺãʹ԰׼ҵҪܿá 

ֲһ¯յͨɡ 

һǰ׺ǰ·һ˺һɱ㰴š 



׺ȻϮľʹб塣ҧÿֱ죬ȴ߶ûһ 

ȵպɱ˱ɫ˲ÿһ׼һˮ˹ȥ 

׺ʹȫֱ£ǰ󷢺ڣȴʼӲţڵǰʾ 

ȵɲӺؿڻ״ͷش˹ȥ 

ܿ죬һıȪˮѹ 

̼ţȴûʲôԺȤζԡ²Ĺͷ̫Ӳͷβһֶ˵ûУʹ̷ǳƣһҲ̼Ƥ⽹Ϣ˺ܲ 

˹˵գ˽ǰɣǾͲˣʳʲô˵һǡ 

һƲ죬Ҳɺִ׷ģһ죬Ҳˡǰѻˣ 

û飬⼸ҹҹûϢãڴ̾Ҳʵˡﱾĵ̣ϣʮأû£ǺܰȫģҲҹúЪһЪ˼̣²־ݺݵشһ죬ʡ 

һ˳ҹɫѳӡɽХŴֺܵһƬƺ˾ǧϿʼƮС꣬ɳɳϸϸܵģǧֻСڵǱһ㡣 

˹룬˵ܾò̤ʵҪѸڼ 

˵ͷѾˡ 

˹ЦĽɳСסһɡȻôˣ䲻 

̵ͷðû⡣ 

ǻص˸ղųԷǼӣ˹¥ָǿһ䣺סɣеܴպϡ 

º͵Ц˵ѾܲˡǸأ 

˹Цûв뷽㣬ȥɽҸطУҲΪľʩˡҪϴ裬ֻԡͰϴһϴ 

΢Цŵͷˡ 

˽˷䣬ӺϷţ˴ϣ漴˵Ҫ 

ԣȴоӺһ̬徹Ȼ΢΢ɵʮֲ졣§סʵôˣ 

ӺѾ˺ܾˡ׺ڼȵʹӲͦľ类նƬһʹһȶ޷ȫžþĸ־ܹװµģ 

еʻӺȴ޷ϸ˵ֻǼᶨصҪҹҪȳȥͱˣʹȳȥҲûˡ 

˵ã÷Ӧøˣźȥ 

Ӻһֱӵţͷľᡣұȥ 

ڴϣƺĶͬ΢Ϊʲô̫Σˡ 

Ӻ侲˵㱻ˣУȻи㲻ʶǰ㣬ĵһӦʲô 

ѿڶȦס 

ԣκߵġӺһұȥ 

ʱˣʶ 

Ӻһԥ̹׵˵ҵѣǴСһ𳤴󡣡 

Ȼӿһ˿ɬζѴ²µʲôѣȴûʣ˵ãҹж÷ֱҪ޷뿪 

ţ֪÷ѾˡӺղĺɫпɭ֮һȦ뵭֯Ļ档˲ע⣬ֻΪͨҶɫѣȴǵ簵֮һ 

һֱȵƣ촽ڱ˴˵Ķ̸߽΢΢˼ӣҲġ 

ŸǰӪصķһҲûװֻܹϣȴ޷סϸжƻʱźȻˡ˹̫̫ſڣǽڴϵӣɵöЦ 

˸Ͻֿ 

Щ˼˵ǸЩˡ 

˹ȴЦûûУ³çǻû˯š̫̫ɽµͣǻ᲻ϰߣҪ̺Ƕǵ㣬 

λ̫̫Űıﱧһë̺Цúᡣ 

Ͻȥӹǳ˵ллˡ 

ӺҲվòض˹Ǳ׼ӢʿʽǣĬȴԵʮ 

˹һֱ¶͵飬ʱеصҲˣú˯ɡܰȫµġ 

˵ͷãҲúϢ 

̫̫˵ 

̼ϿҵػӦˡ 

ȵ뿪ţ漴Ϩ˵ơ 

ҹ£ʱһƬڰһƬֻش 





20. 

賿ҹɫȺɽܼ˿ڰΪһ壬÷·˼䡣 

ɭָصСҲһƬڰӶϨƣǶڳ˯ڸλڱҲڳõļžзҹĺⲻ룬ǸеѰƣ룬Ѿǹڴ 

ʱһӰϢشĲݴǱУȻøָϰڻûоκ˱㵽˴еĴݣ漴ڻһȥʯݳɵĴֲǽ˵¥һ㣬ȻԵʪȴȻ޷ 

˶¥۹סһӯȥ漴С 

ӺӼսɽӳʱʲôҲûڵ·ҲֻһףǾдʪġ 

Ǳ÷ѾǨϸػױӺһģһֻǲܳ־ãĹ´սϸҲᷢõĲϿմˮȴƾɽ֮ĶᱻϴȻҹǾûйϵģʹڵƹ£ǨҲ档 

С÷ֺӺúĻƣȻɺϣȴǳáҪ˾ͻụԷڻ 

÷һݾͰѲĺڲӸѾڴߵӺȻԼѾʪ͸ĺ¡ 

ӺֻŶ̿㣬ʱĺɫTʹֲһףЬ㷭˴⡣ԵǽԮ£÷ֵĶҪݣѸ䵽˵ϡ 

綼ֻкڰšӺһҲûеѺ׺ɵСݼ;Уʱؽݵڻع۲ܵĶ 

ڴݵķУӺ⣬̽·÷ߣסҡţŪ˺ܴĶ 

һ÷ģӺͳ˵Ҫˡ 

һΣһΡ 

÷ƺЩˣղžô˵ 

Ͻֹ꣬𳳵ˡ 

÷ֵȴˣ˯ 

ҲЩˣСƢҲԽԽˣҶҪˣϲҵģ㶼ϡʲô˼ǲ֣ 

÷ƺһʱβŹţǣû˼¡ˡ۵ġ 

ҽڣһ˽⣿ߵ˵òɣ 

÷̾˿Ⱥȿˮ 

ЩգⷿĶˮⲻǳ 

÷ֱҳȥңϾͻ 

˵㡣 

÷ֱ㴩ӺԲʷţȥ 

˯Ź˹ܹܺͼ£ʱľ¥߶ĽŲͲСߵӵ˹ܹܴԵ̨ƣǸ˳СˣæʵʲôҪ𣿡 

÷ֵ͵͵˵ˮ 

ܹߵݽǵߣůƿһˮ 

÷ֽӹ˵ллת¥ 

ţһȲ˰ɣˮҲˣǿ˰ɣ㣬 

ãľҡ֨ 

Ǹڣ·ԼаճԳԵЦ 

ͬʱӺǼСݵĸ 

ñе΢ͺ⡢ȸ̽ⶼɨ˼飬ȷûˣԱŵ׺⣬ء˴ԼʮӣȴһƲǺܿ˯ˣж 

ȰƮǰƿţ漴ȥ 

˹Ȼα˯˾ƣ˫ʮѸ͵ؿǵĺ󾱡ֻ΢ľ׵ѵ˶΢΢һ漴ϻȥӺֽ̽סطŵϣһ嵽׺ǰ 

Ȼľϣ·Ѿ鲻Ѫ߰ߣϵǱ޺ۡӺۣɫҰףͷƺԲѡ 

Ӻ˰ӣµס漴ᰴסľ 

ţȻܻȴȻ 

ӺлϲȴƬҲ飬Ҫ 

׺ȴ۾ؿǾ裬Ǹֳһ˿Ц⡣ 

˾ڿֲм䣬ڵؿĥȴˣһƲɣһưߣôƭЦţſھҪ 

ӺϾ˵ͷŵļѣǵز˲䡣 

׺ɴһ 

⣬ǸоȴϤֻһôÿڴӵʱǸ˶ѰԼĵطţЦ˵ֻɰС 

׺ɵɴ۾ǰİˡ 

Ӻ˵һɡ 

׺̼ 

ǣ 

ԭˡ 

ӦˣԼֻ˱濴Ķȴûһȥ˼ 

ЩСһ𳤴ѣ˭ǽŻӣ˭ӳиҵ뵱ԱӲǸ׵˼šţȥ˷ѧԺȴǻص˸׳½ȻҲԼŬȡġ̣ҵһΪҲǺη塣ȺУֻӺһСŵģǿ϶ǰģǾԲӰģÿÿǵɰǡЩֳɥĸæúܣʹ¶һسһֱˣȥʼֺУ˼ϽҲ˵伥ЦĻܻ뷽跨ģеԱ 

ֻǣЩҲԼ˳ĸһֱˬûϸˣ걻ΪһʿΪй鱨ġ̸ôԼĺӳΪһֺеĹӸԭҲԼһͬ˸߹ĵ·ֻǣߵ·ԼܣҲΣա 

Ӻ۾һĲһ䣺Զؿƿκˡ 

ǴСһֱʮĬʱͨ׺֪˵仰˼ǾԼĸҲǲ˵ģڻȥд棬ٺ٣˵ǱʶԼ˾˾ǡ 

֪ôģΣյľأȻô౨뵽СʱѧУӺдֵɵЦģҲ˵ʮƣȴ졣 

ӺеЦЦ漴÷ִĺڲ˺۵ͷŹסקԼϣҹɫС 

ȻܣĺϮˣ׺ɽӺıϣȴʮůȻǸͷӺȴƲѴ֮ݵرֱݺɽ֣ïܵĲľмٵشš 

ԼʮӺӺͣ 

бÿһξһڵģʱȴѱ߮¡Ǩ嫺׿ֱɵˡ߮󣬵ŽӦӺԼԤλãŴеĶƻ֣߮ӭȥ 

½׺Сرŵ߮ϡ 

׺һֱؿӺ 

ӺʲôҲû˵ֻ˴Ĵָ 

׺ЦƽʱЦݣһǻƦζӺЦԡ޳ܡݣ׺ÿĵ٩ӵ󡣴ʱ˿̣ΣյĵطֿЦݣӺĿ֡ 

ֻǶݵһ˲߮׺ɣɿȥ¸ʱ׼ڻ 

Ӻ̷أǳǱԼķ䡣 

һɿѵʪ͸˵· 

÷Ӵµͬʱʱŵ·ӵһӺ㷭˴ 

Ӻ˴ס˵Ҫˡ 



20b. 

Ӻ˴ס˵Ҫˡ 

һɵûһȴһҲ 

ӺЩؿ 

סĵĿ񳱣һҧ˵ 

ӺӳԾôˡղһһأ˺ܶ࣬ﻹ 

Ҳףɾ²֡ʵҪµõԼܱɡҲӺУֻǹҪȴȫһ 

ʱһһعȥϾҪˣһµĺۼҲûУ˭˶Ǿ޴Ӻûʱȥ̽뷨̷Ǿɡ˵ţصȥ 

أӲͷؿڣɫļһ޺Ǻۡ 

šԼϲ˸ԼܵĽӴʹζܱ侲Ӻ˫۳࣬ȴظо΢΢Ĳףȷʵˡ 

ţȻһסʵӺļͷ 

Ӻֹͣ˶̧ͷ 

һԲ漴ѹס˵Ϣɡ 

Ӻָų˿壬ɵϡ 

ص˱塣 

ǰѵʱ򳣳Դϰø񶷣ԱԱ˴֮嶼ʮϤȴûйʲô뷨ʱһԼʮÿһÿһ磬һ߸⻬ϸļ֮Ҳ޷ơ 

ӺоõᣬǸ׺ɵĻȫͬûжԼĸ֪ǳظе˱Լ⣬һĿѸﵽУʮԻ޷ȥʣô˵ķʽĹֻñ۾ȴоһ彥ù̡ 

һ˿ɫӿŵĴȾУС 

Ƕ֪Ͼͻ˷׺ɱˣص˱ɱˣɵľˡ 

ٳɣ̧ 

ӺᣬϷȥſڴϡ 

ץͷ浽֮£漴ԼȵķͽӺ塣 

ӺŬԼĽ롣 

ѵʱ򣬽̹ٸǽйؼɣȻûʵսȴҲ衣ûʱҲûƷ󻬣ѭ򽥽ǳ˳ƽȶϵ 

˿ֻüҵĿ˲عЮסܾõĵطȥ 

Ӻоһʼ´滺ͣģײĽȴԽԽңһһĿ֡ûԼӿȳҡΣ 

ƾűɶţȻֱסҵļ米 

Ӻ޻ɡ 

׺֮ǰûκξ飬о˵ⲻ˱˵У׵ġԭȴ֪еһ˿ǸӷɡΣʹΪҪҲȻϣһε¶˵ǿֵ飬Ҫκź 

ܿģԼѾõ̽żֵԴȪġҲֻ֮һܵĽӴɣɶ˵ѾԭĺϣҪǧ򱶡ٵشϢţ̵ٶԽԽ졣סµˣͷ˸ֻ̻һ㣬һ㣬ֱԼȫǶǸ˵Ϊһ塣 

Ӻֻñյüֱ޷صĳŨеĳ侲һһֵرߣ˶ֻܱھκ˼֮ǣȼ 

˼ΧһУȵ鳱·һ¼ʵǽһУСֻʣǡ 

سײţĲӹҵĴӺһֱسżӦ˷ܡ 

֪˶ãڿƲסһӷĳ̺󵽴˸߳˶鲻ԽɽҽȵҺ̶вϵز 

ӺſڴϣıһһΣյĵطܵ£Ĵ̼Ѫյ˷ܵӽ 

ֱʱǲʶĻɵһ˿̫ûоˣʱ͵Ϯǣֻ¾ҪִС±ǵļƻ֮һһʼʹ㡰ݡ˿Խ˵ɣǲŻŷĵôһ 

һжȵļ֮ڣֻĸǸġ⡱Ĺĳ˵ûлǸ 

Ȼ§ӺҲȻ᲻뿪һҲǺõġЩεţӺļ硣 

ʱűȻײˡ 





21. 

ɫֱ࣬ӳ˽ 

ЦЦİգһº͵Ĺ˹ԼǼһֱ׷ҵ֡Ѿúˣʱǣ϶Ц⣬е»֮ҹֶĿˡ 

ѹӺϣֻʡ˵ϵǺۣ·Ҳɢҵһء˭ܿղŷʲô˵ЩѾ˺һˡ 

һº͵ƺ޿̣ڴѵûнǰŵϰ̫ûòˡ˵߽һֱǵԼļͷ˵御ܵס 

Ӻͷʪģƣؿһۣ漴תͷȥһͲǵӡ 

һۣȥǵ·һһӣЬҲûзŹЩܸˬûбܹĺۼ 

ӺȥѾ÷ִˡһһ֮䣬ڵذһЩˮգȻѾˡˣеһж޷죬Ҳû˿ 

Сĵ˳Ӻ壬һԣñʵʵӵסԼŭʲô˼ 

ؽ·õߣŵϣص· 

һҪǲ׽һشԼҲá 

Ӻʱ˹תţܳٻȻ۵ 

Ͻе§סȻվеЩˣܲ˵ص⵽ô£ְţ뿪ǡ 

˹ûֻ߽վſڣЦݿ˵ĽɳᣬǾû˼һ磬ǷץǸѾ˾ˣɱǵļˡǿ˶ˣֻλûг֣ΪҲʲô⣬Ծ͸˹һ֮£ЩʧҲǺ⣬ͲҪˡ 

̴֮ɫʲô˾Ǹ²ôܣ 

ǺܽվԱߣʱ˵ͷأǵģƲҹߵġ˱ɱˣеļҲȫɱȴһҲûǷǳǹ࣬Բֻˣûз 

صλǸϿɣҪߡ 

æ䣺ǰﲻٴˣǵĴʱġ 

̵ͷߵȥָֻĶţ΢Цãǳȥһ£Ͼ 

˱˳ȥš 

ͷһֱڱĿӺḧ˸գʵô 

Ӻۿ΢΢ЦЦ˵Һܺá 

úܰοһԥĶҪףӺѾ⣬е㡣̽ù·Цǻ𴲰ɡ۲ۣ 

һ㣬û¡ӺͬһȻͳ䣬˼ʹҲоκ 

ǻ¥ݣɻš 

Ǽ˹ˣôߵǾϸ˹ 

й³ͻֽ磬еʵ 

᲻ڹ 

̫һ˿ûСǵļ豸һֱţ24Сʱֵ࣬ʲôûз֡ڹܵʲôֶϢȥɣ 

⵹ǣʲôԭأѵǸ²ʲô׷豸һֱţ 

ţпܣǵʱôû뵽Ӧúúõ̽һڲ 

۷׷Уһֱ䣬ȴû 

һѣˣǻɳ͹ǡ˳꣬Ҳ˵ɱģǾԵף˵ϡǵѣ⼸˸ǴܶĽǾԿɿġҿǱڲʱſʼǣȻû޻ˡ 

˵΢΢˵ͷɫһЩ 

˹йܹܣʵСʱǰʲô𣿡 

ܹ룬˵λҶ¥Ҫˮ˱ˮͶȥˡģʲôû 

һţ̲סЦˡ֣Ľɳ˹ĵúܣڴϿǺµģСɱôȴɵøģ˵Ҫˮܳ˿طԺûĽɳħơ 

һǺôЦ 

ǰǰ˵Ҳˡ 

ȷʵǿֲô˵УֻɳĻԭġ 

˹ҲͰ׵ЦϴΰմȥȰ˶ɱɱѪɺӣԺֵһ룬˭ܿƵˣ⻹ӦйǾϻһｵһ 

ǵĻҲһ˿΢΢Ц⡣͸סһĽɳǱڶӣҹȴҵ춯ѣţǵҲ漴˷ܵظһֺĸоȻ¡ 

ص٩ĶˣɵɢȵӺԡͰϴ裬ȻʱԼڲʲôֵûɡ 

һǰһ¥ݣüЦԵݹӺȴǰü¶Щ΢ƣ 

ǶֵôݲȣһҲҪ壬ԼˬˬӣЩֲͷӶΪո˵󣬷ͣȴڳûʱ䣬ϣܹȵͻӸʱء 

µ˹˹ǼҪֶЦǣһضζ 

δЦϾҪ𣿡 

˹ЦŵͷǵģǿڳϳͣȻϢ 

ллʮ죬·ǽҪǳȥһ㡣 

߳ţѾͣһӣƺеĿֲ׼ȫ룬ֻ棬ͨƽ 



Ƿֱ˼ԽҰЩǹʵ˴Ŀ漴С壬˳ɽ·ǰۡ 

պһǰĸλϣӺм˫ϣȻȻˡⲻǻɣֻǻİȫѣб׷Ұ޶ӵеıܵĽ䱸 

ջһװʳƷƿȪˮݸǣ΢ЦŽӹллˡ 

ԼˣÿЦĿ˺ܴı仯ЦһԾԾԡ 

ƺûо죬ֻǹеؽˮͱøӺ˵Ե㶫ɡ 

Ӻ˵ͷȻ̧۶ŰգǾ档 

һЦŨģСϲ㣬ɲĽɳ㲻óԴס 

˶һ㶣ӺЩڵתͷ⣬صؿһЦˣαǶʵƤͦġ常һҪҹң춼̫ġϲˡ 

΢⣬漴ЦеԱյ֢״ŶȻзй;ͷʽվǺܺáĽɳСȻĻ͸öߡʵǸӣȫӦóһԷݵҲЩ 

ЦŵͷţҲһֱŬ 

ӺûǵĶԻһڰѱˣȻཹེһƿˮ˫һڳ˯ˡ 

ݣϳһ飬ֹȥѴҡϣɽ紵ţ 

ԽҰָʾĺ4000ϣ˳ɽ·ʻɽȻֿɽȣɽԽģ˺üСʱŷɽֱ߾ȴû߶Զ 

һ·ϣɽҰһƬȣԿȺɽ࣬ɭïܣʱ޵ӰҺУȻû 

ģϵҲˣͰҲαϣ۾ֻ˾ͺȻѡ 

ɽз޳䣬ãӵĵ粣ϱ˵Ρ˾һһصԵػ˾Χĸ֪ɽ·վʪΣգߺζĶɲϵͳӰ죬˾ҲʵϾˣֻרעضǰ·ʱ׼Ӧֵܻʯ·ݵ 

ӴţŬ¡ǰĳոת䣬ĳδ֮ʣϮͻȻˡ 

·ϱ͵ҶȴŲҶ״Ĺףһըһ˲䣬Աߵͬʱѵ׼ȷػгԽҰƷը𡣽ţͻǹ£ЩŴӿĻĿֲɱ 

Ӻǳĳ·ɽ·20׺󱻴ס 

ӺѵأֽŽԼ̶ס˱ƣʹԼˤбȶˡ 

ȴûּɣ⧲֮£һ·µĳײײȫˡ 

ȳһͣסӺ򿪱εĳţ⡣Ƚ˵ȥȰգ 

ᣬתȥյȴɵһ˾ǶţѾȴӰ̧ͷĴƣ·ϿŵӰȻӸһͱ޴Ӵ󿪵ĳˤ˳ȥֱ䵽˲ݵϡԥһ¡ʱ꣬ͻԱѴг֣³ðȥɱҲ޴˱ҪЩսʿŹġ 

ͬʱӺѾˤĳ 

м䣬˲أֻжͷƤѪȴ˳ײù۵Ļ֮䣬һʱá 

ӺȥС۵ýüͷĻῪ漴ȥ 

ȫΣʱӵɨ׵ıըڶ룬ȻӺסԼŲȥ 

ӺɫؽŪ΢һýָϵһϸ룬Ѹ̽Ƥ 

Я̼ŵһͷʲôûӦֻһΣصȥ 

һжڳӳɽµһߣųֵڱΣɽϵ˺ѷ֡ 

ȥɽȥ 

Ӻͳǹ˵Ļͷϲһǹĸӡ 

屾б̻˳ 

Ӻ£һ顣ܳһξ׼ȷǹմȾ͵Ĳݵغ䡣 

ֻ䡱һڿն𣬽Ѹɡ 

ʱͻԱѾ·ϵļָΧ˹ǿֿŻͻΧ 

ǹҵ쳹ɽ֮䡣 





221. 

ӺѸɽȥɵƹȹݴʪأ׷ 

ȻվסˣٿתɽϾؿȥ 

ûпˣ׿ֱȴ׷֪ǵѣ£۵Ѷɱ˵ͬΣա 

ŵشƤϰһȥװεĶȴ΢߶һע׷һĽ̸ľһƤŵĴΣ΢ͻͲʮ 

Ѿ֮ߵ羲ĬԸ߳ļԼͨƵͻԱ֮ıŵеֶͻԱðｻ̸ǸС֮˴˺УΧ׷½ء 

ֳսͻԱ⣬Զоѻ֣һСӶɽɽıؾ֮·ǹ·뿪͵ͻͻӲµķߡ 

ǴûԼֲӽ֣ȴҲûֺģӲǱԡ 

һŪͻսָӹٵĴţԡܷʽ˽ȥԻɺɺǹعȫA3ȫVIE205990053֤ϡ 

Ǳһ㶣漴֣صصɺףԵȡϡ 

ŵгĬ˰ӣָӹٵٴ𣺡Ѿ֤뽲ϡ 

˵ҪϷȥЯлСϡ 

ףУףһ·ƽָӹ˵꣬ȻһתԱϿҡллǾǵˡ 

Ҳ΢ЦŵһˣӦõġ 

ͨ˽嫻һŵҪ˱λ 

߮±˻սͻΧĹ˹һսһʱ׷ͻԱѾϵսϵص㿿£ 

÷ֺǨѾϣŻָĳ·߷ٳ롣 

׿ȻǺһȫЭĹͨǹ۲ʱܲϵ 

ӺԼķλȻ˵βͣڴ 

ҪԮ𣿡 

Ӻشá 

ѸҵʱͷϷɹǣӺķλȥܿ˵8ӷ򣬾37ףڴʯһˣԣֳǹ 

Ӻ˲ͻȻһԾһԡ 

һӵ׷Ӱ 

ڲݴѸٷӲŴʯǹ 

Ǹֲӵȥ 

Ӻɿǰߡ 

Ļ֮һʱԽҰϣںĳû뵽ע⵽ǵĶȻ׷Ӻǹǳ׼һǹббش룬ࡣ 

Ӻǹ䣬˵ڵصĳǹŴʯڻоΧĶ 

Ȼˡ 

̫ܣͨǲܿȫ֣ʱֻܿԼˡңͻȻϮҪȵ嫷ѣǹˡ 

Ӻغţеǹһ 

Ĺ·ȻǹͱըȴѾϡ裬ȻսͿˡ 

ΧҲ಻סȻͬʱ 

ӵţӰѸٵ 

Ӻǳ侲Լ壬׼ȷεĺˡ˵£ŵȴ쳣⺷Ȼϳ塣 

ЩӦöĽҲǼ׶Ŀֲӣֻ¸Ϯʿأ˹йԱǣӺ־飬Ͻɱ 

ڣЩ˶еĲݵϣҲûϢ 

ӺҲ˼ǹȴҪ֮ӵѾӵĳǹתɽ±ȥ 

ո͸оҲ룬ԵڵأһԹȥ 

ԶǹǹͬʱһբӵйֻҰһ̣漴ʹϮѪע 

һһˣߴҪ˺ϱΧסïܷʢԽȫڵס˸ղһֱʼϢȻûоʵڲһɫľѻ֡ 

ӺŬţվؿˡ 

ǰա⡣ 

ʱŵĴԲʷвһЩмȻǸղˤմϵġһͷĺɫʮɢң̵ŭһ֧ǹɱ 

ӺȻ˴һԲȴŷʱ 

߹ʮ׵ʱͣסʵ㵽ʲôˣ 

Ӻһһٵ˵ 

պݺݵʣ쵰ܵʲô 

ӺһЦĽɳ̸⣬ɱ 

Ϊʲôղ⡣ΪʲôҪɱ 

ӺһɱҲܣҲʲô룬ʲôҵɱǵֵܣһҪɱ𡣡 

ǵֵܣճš 

⼸߻֯οֲϮжЩ˸ɵģȷɱܶˣлкڵеֵܡǰˣȻ˵ðɣɱֻҪߣұ̡ 

Ӻ̲סЦΪʲôҪߣ 

̧ǹڶ׼ȴ᣺Сһֱڶ˵ϲ㣬⻰ġ 



Ӻһеǹ漴Цôϲҵģ⵹˶Ŀһ¡ߺߣǹŸϴһûԹ 

ҲЦȫԣֵõġ 

Ӻĵص˵ͷص𣿡 

һֱ˿ڣѪѾȾȡ7ǹصһˣҲѪȴûôء 

µشҲˣȥѪϾͻɵġ 

Ӻ΢΢һЦŵ㼥ǹﻹӵղźǿסûţӵȫ˰ɣ 

ձ԰ǹӵЦݿ˵㿪Цѡô߰ɡ 

ӺЦðңû߲ 

ȴҡҡͷһ㿴Сܵһε˵㻹ԼŹɡңеġ 

ӺüһҰӴɸӣڻҪԼ߹ȥҲ̫˰ɣ 

պϾ˵һǵһȣ㲻þͻʧѪԣʱٴߡģһġ 

Ӻ΢Цš˵ţƺѾ֧Ųסϵȥ 

վݵЦ⣬ĳ΢еɯǸŮͷǶߵĶħ˭Ҫһۣͻʧȥʯͷ 

ӺȥѺľҰڵϣȴγǹ4ǹǹнʣӵˡ 

һ˲䣬Ĳţ漴ȥ 

ӺӵȫҪһǹ븹и࣬һǹؿڣ࣬ǹһʺһüġʱϻž㵡ӺǹʱѾǹбʶʧȥ 

ӺڵϣַſǹֻȫŲϴӿѪţǰ󷢺ڡ 

ȻһߴӰǰ 

Ӻִܵγ 

˵ֵܣҡ 

ŴսͿͲʣȫװйͻԱӺĿȴϤһŭȻӿͷ΢쵰ȫˣôμսĳô£ôִͬ£ 

׺ɿѪģµòСóȰһѸһ߽ͣҼҪսЩҲƲȻֻͬ⡣˵ЩƤˣ㲻ʲô¡ҡʵǷĲ㡣 

Ӻ޷޵صôҵҵģ 

׺ţֱֻǸղһֱڴ̣ˡڴɨսҲŹһҵġҺˣȻˡ 

ӺȻû˵ҵĹʲô£ 

׺ɲ֪ôشֻܴóСעǹֹѪ壬βŵҵȻĵģƶģʲôû˵ֻӳ˵ǼҲʶԼ˾ҡ 

ӺսȭǿԼѣ˵Ұ˿ھ͸ϽߣսѿҡҵͬºܿͻңİɣҲµġ 

׺ȴģҵ˾ߡ 

ӺһӲ˵Ϊ˾㣬¶ԼݣѾ˼صĴսҲңҵսٿ㣬Ҿ͵ˣ𣿡 

׺ɼʹȫȻ׹Ĺأȴġ̾˿ͷصӺ԰׵Ĵϣ֣ص˵һҪŻȥ 

ģˡӺ侲ؿȻ΢ЦڻɽˮأҲǡˣ߰ɣǱ 

׺ɿЦݣһɣ˵ͷɿ뿪ˡ 

ԶԶضֱһµ˳֣쿴Ӻƣƺ̸䣬ȻСĵرɽ±ȥŷ£ԼСӵĶԱǻϡ 

ӢСѾԼ˳ô׶ӣǱ߻ʲôͷ 

׺赭дصˣûʲôˡ 

Щ˱Ц׶ӣ̫˼ˣ͹Լһ˳ĺģҲʣ 

׺Ц⼸СӣƤǰɣȥʰǣڸϽҸɻ 

ǡսʿӦţ̸Цȥӻˡ 

÷ֽ˵ӺɽѸٵͣڹ·Եһʽ̷ǰۡ 

ﲻһֱŵҲ˵ֻ߮ûӺôأͷǹһöըƬĴȡ½˳嫺׿漴˿ڡոɵĵϢѪܵӺ㱻÷ֱ 

óЯѪڣ׿עֹѪͿء 

º÷һЭţǽȫµʮദ˿ڸ°ˡ 

˺÷֡Ǩ±ֻſҹ̣ͻ˹̹ڼۡ 

Ӻһֱţֱӿ˿ع·˹ 





23. 

ɡŵйʦĿع·Ϊ繫·ʷϵ漣ԽΰĹ̡߹˶֪κδͼƵĹ·֡ 

1959꣬ͻ˹̹Ϳʼ䱱ɽ·뽫ͻ˹̹طϵǿ԰Ϳؿʲ׶ϵȻ̼ѣֱ1965ɽ俪һ· 

1966꣬йͻ˹̹Ѻý߽󣬾޽һӰͻ˹̹ĺΤֱйʲ1200Ĺ·ͻ˹̹𳵵Ľ裬йɼʼĳ100·Ρɽͨй·Ρ 

·1500012ʱ䣬1978ȫͨ1986οͿ·ɽΪع·ӢдKKHйҲ֮Ϊ׶֮· 

ع·ʹ700ףߴĺν5000סӰͻ˹̹˹ʼ·ڼغ˹һһ̨סÿһ̨ס1000ס·24С7017008000ըҩ8ˮ࣬ʯ3000ס400߰88й˾318ˡһЩרΪڰ˴漣Ĺ·ִ17Ľ蹤֮һ 

ع·ͨ˼ǰӡȰŷǰײشǵ˾ηɽؾ֮һҲǵѧҡɽҺмĵطɽһЩߴɽ壬8611׵ڶ߷Ǹ壨K2Լ1007000׵ĸ߷壬кܶû֡5ȳ50ıҲڴˣһΪı 

˿ɽ⣬·˶ʲɽ׶ԭϲɽˣӡȵѧνġβϵĴɽһ·ѩͲݵ羰Ľ棬ɽеԴӻ 

ÿ5µ11£·ϱвߣݳͽг·ͷߵβ; 

ӱͳйĹʼؽ˿֮·Ŭͨ½ͨŷ޵ͨĿľǻ溣ϿйɵԴսǳЧ˹̹޽һŷ·ߡԿʲΪģйѸйغǸʽʹѸٷΪ˿֮·Ŧ 

Ϊˣ·ϳʮ֣Űͻ˹̹ƵͨʽнڳȫעĿ 

÷ִӼʻλϻƣؿϢ۾ȴһֱŻ˯еӺ 

ںԽԽߣΪֹ⣬֡˯úܰѪ֮ɫûôѿˣȻֽһסĺڷĵʹȥǸĺӡ 

ĨһüֱҪľˡ 

ôõ޷˵ĸ飬ڵ˳ѨܣŻصֻ֮е裬һʱ飬ɵôͷ 

ȻӺ𣺡 

͵̧ͷ 

ӺȻȴܸеߣǱ㿪ڽ 

Ͻ˹ȥסֻû˵֡ 

Ӻ΢΢һЦʾԼڱ֮ϵȡ 

ժ£ȥҪʲô 

Ӻ˵Բ𡣡 

һȣ㲻ܿԼ֪Բʲô˼Ӻĸ飬ȴܸӦǸ 

ѹҡͷȴɵЦô˵ӺҡһǺܿĵġ㲻ö˵ʲôҶףҲѹԺһǻôģҲȰҡȻսѡֵܡѣ𣿡 

ӺοЦԡ 

ŵ̺ӣ˵㻹Ǽ˯ɡϾҪɽˣ5000أģ㾫ɡ 

ӺֶЦЦŰر۾ 

ߣһֱ֡ 

ﻹ߮嫡׿꣬ҪЩȥҲϡӺĸ飬ʱȻҲˡû˵ʲôֻǶļ磬ʾο 

΢΢һЦʲôҲû˵ 

ǵĳ;ûκ谭ڵڶйĺڰ½־ֳ԰ѾйطˣһͨطС 

Źص˶ʱĻŭ׷ۣߣֲ֪ĸ̰ٵĶô⻯ 

ǰ㲻ʲô̫үȨı˽ 

԰ԼԽҰֱʲõܽ˯˵Ӻ̧±߮һ˵רɻ漴ɣȥ 

һжɵؽšɻҹ׶ʻмͣƺ 

ļߣؾ˳ǰѸʧҹɫ 

Ӻ߮󶼱̧˾Ȼֱ743ҽԺ 

С6Ȼţһֱ͵ҡ 

״ԣ߽ҵһλǳ˹ҽżҽͻʿ743ҽԺԺͯġӺ˶˿ 

߮˿ںܿʹˣű˳͵־ѣؿ£ЦȳԺǿԸܵġ 

Ц˵һ˿ټһȭ 

߮ʱҽİ 

ֿˣǻЦ˳š 

3СʱӺ˳Ȼ״̬֪ر͵˲ 

743ҽԺⲡܣ濴ȥͨҽԺĸ߸ɲͥԺǻ԰ģ¥徲ţҸܵҪ㻤λڲһʿظߡ 

ǼսַɽԽ룬ﱼʱȥͷ棬λøɸɾСʿǵ۹ʮɻǲΪʲô⼸ģ˾ȻܹŤúܣΪҽԺǿҪǿ΢Ц㿴ңҿ㣬ײҶԻʿ˵ֻùԹԵ뿪ˡ 

ҹѶŴҴҸϵҽԺȥӺ 

ȫҽѧͰȫϵͳͯĻû뿪һڲб˹ȥ 

㿴۹ͣǸŭõŷɥ߹ˡ 

ͯĵǰο֮ɫº͵˵Ӻ13ǹûΣա 

ţ˵ͷϵĶӡ 

ͯվԱߣ̾˿ӺҪ̫ˡ20꣬һֱôģһͲ̡Ҫͨ˼ңĺӻϴѧ 

㾲˵ҪģӺͻǱˡѵӦԼĶٻȻб˵ĺȥ 

ͯ飬Ȱˣֻº͵صİɣһúչġ 

ؽڻ˵һУԵңԵֻҶԲӺ裬Ӻ㡣 

ͯĿЦûжԲҰһô꣬ҺܿġЩԲӺġҪ˵˼ҵĺҪϰ֣㲻ǳԺζģҲ֮ӣǻҪʲôʲô˰ͽţһűͨ˺õöӡǿӺ治֪˵ʲôźá 

û˵ʲôֻӵؿڴϵĶӡ 





24. 

10󣬸ý嶼Լ˱ʽɹɨ˽£ջѾѾӹǧѻƬͬʱ˹İСݻһ7Ʒӹ3±йɳͻӲ̤ƽ˴ºΪĹ˹ܳѨɹڿֲӳ˵·ϽзԹ˹ͰΪ׵ֲͷӣԳ̾µĹʷŻ˻ԵĴ 

Ϲ˴鳤˽йͶ˹жзӵԸ߶ۡ쵼ҲжͻӺͰСж޲ڡ 

ãͻӳӰͻ˹ص˱Ȼ飬ȴûϢؽھû漴ܻصӪأԱ͵½ҽԺơ 

ȻӲڹҰȫϵͳУ֧½ͻȴ롣ܿ죬ڲ칦ἰûᡣ 

׺´󹦣һȾ£Ϊξ 

پڵĸ߼춼绰ЦҴСͿǼСгϢȻȮӡ 

ǫһȴǳ졣 

һ֮йýʽһ𶯵ϢֲѪ¼ȴ䣬Ѱŵʥ¸ͷĿйҰȫܡй͹жǱйڣֲںӱϡɽࡢ½ຣصʥ¸ֲһ򾡡Щ͵͵Я˴ǹ֧ҩ׼һϵеĿֲϮж̳ŵȵطװըɱ졢Աפй⽻ٵȵȡЩ˱һЩȥĶɱҲ׷׸ơһʱ䣬ý塢鱨źԱ׷ײ²⣬ǹʲôץסض׶ĿֲͷӣܻģȻЩ⣬Īû˿˵ 

ҲвѺ߹ٴ绰ǹҰȫίԱḱϯξֳίίԱҰȫ㣬ʾףأȴȻһĲˣֻ˵ллѯһűֳĬ 

û֪ĶĹףҲԶ 

ã¡صĹᣬҹ˳ʾ˴֤ݣ֤ͻ˹̹ʿϮ¼ڵһϵпֲ쵼߻֯ʵʩԲġʵڣ޿ɱ粵ʥ¸ĹǸɶдִ̣С 

౻߼μ˹ᣬЩ˵ˮӺͺӵĿġ 

ʿϮ¼˵йԱҲ׷̨֤ϸҹȻһȺֲӳóǹɨ龰 

ҹ˲˴峿㵽İֳĵ׺ѪǰϺʹϵߣʹһ龰˼ 

ȴĮһԲ 

ýȫȫֱ˹ֱǼֲӱѺִ̳ǹ 

ʥ¸׸𣬲йͻ˹̹Ͷ˹˿ 

ý嶼еʮ˷ܣйͻɨ£й˹͹׽´ýҲƪ빵ؼԷʢйֲӵսĪйعйڹʷսռ쵼λֹϣ˵ҲԽԽ 

׺ȴûôۣһֻǣӺڼŴҽԺʿʰ˺üΣʵһ㡣ȫ˶õòˣűӡΪԱβĵ飬ֵð涨һж֮ͨ󣬶ڲŷ¼٣ؼһ¡ 

ôһصѾ12ˡ 

ŷѩƮƮʥˡʥĿͨһɹڵաһǣ׺ɱóֻ˻Ǹ﷢ʹĺ롣 

һͨʱֵüЦ 

Ӻº͵ι 

׺صӺλ 

Ӻ̲סЦţˡ 

׺Ȳ˵ȥ 

ӺʹصУɡ 

׺˵ת˳죬ܿ͵˻ۣ˸⳵ֱӺסС 

ӺѰʶϢԼĵԣ¥ǰһ壬ԱԶΪšӵݳֱӺļҡ 

Ҫṩָƺ۾ĤϢԶţȥˡ 

ûˣ׺վǰ˳ѵϵشӵһԣֻһ񣬱Цת˳ 

ůӺֻһǳɫëʹֲ㣬ڳˣīɫ½ξɫĳɫԵʮӢ£ɵЦˣÿƼ㶼һɵģ˾òåǻ죬⻹ǵһοô档 

׺ɵ˵⴩㿴ģôӢӢɣ 

Ӻ̿ͷԶԶԡ 

׺ŹʱΣɵ޵û뵽㻹һ֣Ȼˡ 

Ӻһ֣ȥȥȥŹˮҸҪҵĴϷţȥơ 

׺ЦܵȥѾװȫˣƽʱ˯£ȻȥǸӵİװ 

Ƿ˹սʤ100꣬ȫ綼Ѿ¡ףˡּսʤĲƷӿӺ׺һ̹ģȫذ棬¹죬սʱͺŵ̹˶ΩΩФظ˳װҲǳƯǴ½ 

׺ſڴϣЩ̹һһ꣬ʵǰ֡ 

Ѽ˺͸ģͣȻ֪۸ģĺֻܹۼ۲5ǰӺ˵ǶĸѣɵúܣȴģЩǮֻ¾ڽɣƴġ 

ţȻ˳ȥ 



ųһܰգӺѹǽҿЩңԶ·ֻһξûڹʱʵĻˡ 

ӺѹƬʢ˵ιʲô˳ȥ 

ǡ׺Ӧϲ̵ضŲˣõ˿ɳǰĲ輸ϡ 

׷䱾Ͳ󣬿ССģӺûзʲôƽʱԷܼ򵥣׺ɲڣҲظȥԣ׺⣬ҲбһɳϳԷû 

һӺѾõˮϺʺͰҲ˳˵ȥʢ 

׺ɱֵʲôƵܽһߺŸһ߰ܲŴӹҨ 

˶ǸոƣӺʢ뷹˵˰ɣ԰ɡ 

׺ɳϣӱ 

ӺؿĶ˹سš 

׺ɱ߳Աʣȥʲôطˣ 

ǹȥÿʱĴͳ԰ףӺ΢ЦŴϪء 

׺ɼһƯϺϷʵʣ𣿡 

档ӺҲЦصĺ޺ĻĲϣŮɡ 

׺ɵĶͣסˣתۿӳݷųŮɣ 

Ӻںص˵ͷ¿ӣ׼Ӻ 

׺ɰ輸һž˹ȥһɳϣҧгݵص˵ʲôŮɹ 

Ӻ̿Ҷˣûаɣ 

׺ɿ־ȥ¿ۡ 

Ӻһֹ̧ɣȳԷ 

׺ɱӺһֱţҿһγǲȫˣ 

Ӻſ˵ˡ 

ǵ˰̶ǿȫģҪЩʱ򣬵ļ⡢ƤƤȫˣܰѱİȥʱ˵˶ǸոȬۼǳ 

׺ɽ⿪·ϸϸؿЩ˺ۣдʣԺȥεʱҲĵ㣬ǳڰһôţ㣬ĵҪȥֻͷ׵ÿ졣 

ӺҲȥ¿ۣҿ㳵ôˣ 

׺ں˵ǾƤ˵ͷû˽ǣͺˡ 

ӺЩ֮󳤳⣬һһڻģɵ۵˵ҲǣԺȥʱ̫³çˡǽ̰ðǱҴɡ 

ţףε¶Ҳһ̵ĽѵνܵʲôǶС˼ÿһ뵽Ϊ˾Ҳ㱩¶ԼҾһ亹׺ؿӺΪ㣬Ҳ᲻çײġ 

ǾͺãҲЩӺ̽§סʡԲԷˣ 

׺ĳȣҲͲס˵ȳ㣬ٳԷصȥ 

⣬ѩ׷Ʈʫİ 

СҼһŵƣ˸еů˼̻ 





 . 

1. 

12Ǻϵ㣬ɳ̲Ưůˣжȼٵĺȥ 

ӱĺཱུǹʻţһȺһȺοͱھСĵεĴ˳ 

ڴΧˣȻҲ˵ȴȻʮĿ 

һɫվУƷνȳƣʳȡ 

һɫξƷ޳ԱߵĿվٸ߳ͷü֮Ц⣬Եúܻá 

ǲվȺ棬еؽ̸ţһ쳤˲ӳ 

ξźЦʵ磬ȷСͻӣ 

վУǱص˵ͷܲεĸǱʳģˡ 

źüһ̿û뵽СӲģȻǶš 

Ǳ΢΢һЦӦõģ»ô嶯ԸξȻ˳ס˹Ŀ࿴ 

źЩƣ˵ΪʲôúõķԱɣȥֲӣ 

ܼ򵥡Ǳ˹طһ̴ֲ浶ǹĸ˸ɣ񫣿ǣѲߣϰֻµȵҲ̲һ̴򡣵ڶ½һֱԱվ˾Ҳ͵ͷˣϵܲλ߹ɸְ 

źȻ򣺡ԭˣٺ٣СӵıԶǣ 

ʲôıԶǣǱҡҡͷֻǵһһ̶ѡڶֻŻῼǵġ 

źͷЦԶԶԣһǸ߹ˡ 

̸Ц䣬׺ɺӺ˳ 

׺½ξƷӺǳɫTͱë£϶дش£ɣЦǡ 

ĸӵǱźӹϵӺ·ͣȥ 

ģ׺ɳ˿̾ð⼸ǷѩģĶȥˣֻڼ˶췢ùˡ 

źһļ磺ˣ˭㷴Ӧôٶۣ 

⻹зӦٶۣ׺ɹֽСȫƵӢϣҪӺӣϵʲôʱأֻµҸùˣƱû򡣡 

ǱЦſ˿ߵӺеʵôˣɫҲ̫á 

ӺʧѪ࣬ȻѾȬɫԲ԰ס΢΢һЦº͵˵ǰһð 

׺̸ͣǣ̫ˣҲðˡ 

źһҧ֮ǺûӺչ˺ã÷÷ 

׺ɵһۣʲôҽȾưɣ 

һЦУͣǶľüա 

ź߽ȥ˵ҲסƵˣסصľٹԢɣǼһֻסһھߡѾս˵ˣȥǶʱסţһ׷ 

ð֮õ¡׺ɿĵص˵غѲˣôȥƣҲʶʶķɻ 

νغѲ󽢣ʵСͺĸϺ촬ģˮΪ5֣ɴ40սǼ-33MKҲйƣר䱸־ϵġ 

źһ˵ɵЦҪʶɻǻף翪һܣƲˡ 

׺תǱҲһòãҽˡ 

Ǳһۣ˵ûɹֻһɾֱ 

ǰӺһЦ 

źҲЦҪǿˣȴˡ 

ңʲôѵģ׺㬵غߵѼ˵˵УǴͬС죿 

ǱЦ˵ˣɣЩˣܲΥɡӺѵǾͺú档Һͺ˼٣һݡ 

׺Űˣûɵ˵ðɡ 

źûн;ʹӸٹ·ʻ˺ء 

ĻؿͣĸǱͧþһУڵеĹģ 

ſڵźǱһۣЦŴ˸кȻ׺ɺӺʵѣ 

źЦݿصͷǰսѼֵܣӱȼ١ 

Цŷˡ 

źʻţֿ10ӲŵٹԢ 

ﱳɽ溣ʮš׺³ĴһЦ˵аǵĴͦߵסķӣҪԼǮǿһ 

źǱǵӺʹϣ¥߱ЦҪǺԱҲУ½սҲԣҲסķӡ 

ã׻˵ԵĪˣһǹԹԵصҵ½ɡ׺ɴֵظǺ档 

ӺĻ͵һЦ 

ǱҲЦǾ׻𣿡 

׺۾𣿡 

Ǳ̾˿˵Ǿǰɡ 

磬ľɵҲСͲѧֻķݣѵ㻹źЦţ¥ķš 

һһһСԢȫܻ豸ʩǫ̈̄Դ󺣣ʮƯʡ 

ʱЩȣ￪ſյˡ 

źЦ˵ɣȳȻǾͳȥԷҺסڣʰ˹žͿԡ 

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źмһƫͷΪ½Ǿʹ򲻹㣬֪˭̺˭ء 

Ǳȴº͵ЦˣǸմӱ·ͦģȰɣȳ·˵ 

׺뵽Ӻˣ̵ͷúúãһ͹ȥǡ 

źǱҲٶ˵΢Ц߳ȥ 

׺̹еؿӺô廹۲ۣ 

Ӻ˲ûкóףҪһǹᴩ壬Ȼ743ҽԺʹõҩΪҽΣҪָһʱ䡣ڿֻǲܾ˶׺ɸʱȽͣҹڼң޶ȡ 

Ӻ΢Цţɵ˵û¡ʵҵѾˣҲ̫š 

׺ȴûô֦ҶصҪעһ㡣 

ţ֪Ӻ˵ͷ㿪ʼϵ· 

׺ҲϽѵװ 

·ȥʵ洩űů£ȵùǺ 

˽ԡˮϴ˸裬촩ĳͱ㣬˿ˮ 

̨и˫Σ׺§Ӻ棬ؿźϲԣֽͧź˵ߵҬҡڣͷһ̣Ŀ 

Σ׺૵صڴӾȫڹ 

Ӻ̿ǽֲϡ 

׺ͷЦӣֺαص㿪ƨ˾Ҳ׬ѳƱѵһܿĹԢ 

⵹ǡӺļ磬΢Цš 

һֱϲ׺ֹԸͺƵšҪڹŴһԱұͽ 

ʵ̫ˣ˶Ժ˯ŵʱȴɷ羰 

׺ɷſӺȥš 

źվſڣŭСӣǸǲǣ 

е£׺һƲ졣ǹĺӡ׻˵ԧֻɣԧɣ˲Ľɰ 

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2. 

ʱǶ˱װź󿪳ȥ˸壬¶洬Ŵĺʡ 

ϼ죬ɫʮ׳ΧοͣбˣвٴӻľˣЦϣһɺƽ 

׺ɿһУٸнȥܾЩƽνڣǹֵйűᵽƽĿɹ󡣶ȴѪģҲȻȻӿ𽾰Ժ 

źǱѳӾ׼һ־ȥץз漴ŵҶֵܣֲǿˡɣװˣϽಲ󰡡 

Ӻһ·ؾأˡ׺ȴһ̬ڿ۵ʵʵʮƣʲôʱתˣ 

׺ɲ˵Լ˺ֻۣٺЦȥץһβϺڵذһȴŵӺԣ۱¸ֻǿ 

ӺЦӼֻϺζպպϣŽ 

Ǳ˵ͷСӾȻѧˣѵá 

źЦӺ̵з 

Ϲ٩ǡ׺תƻ⡣˵˵ǣô°ʲô 

ź󷽷˵ûʲô㴺ڻر飬 

׺ɺӺסˣβŷӦ 

׺ɴ쵰һ綼û¶20ֵܣǵģ̫ˡ 

Ǳ侲ЦɣǱѵü棬ϴμҲӺǻأǻûָ飬ŽչġҸԼҵҴСһ𳤴ҲòϹ̸ʲô˽⹵ͨʲôģ˾;顣˫ĸѾͬˣҵϼҲ׼ǵĽ룬ԲŸǡ黹ûҲûҪˣ˵԰ɣ 

׺ɶԳǱһ򶼷ʱֻðɺðɣǵģǿʶ 

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׺ҲӦҲ˱ӣƤЦ˵ԶԶԣףǰúϣӣţֻ׼ӣһҪҵɵ 

Ǳ̲סЦҡͷСӰ漴Ǹɱ 

źٱȴʵɣӺôˣǽ𣿡 

׺ɴڴڵذѾһ£ֺĨһ죬˵仹Сʱǡ 

Ӻ΢Цţϸصڽ飬һΥ 

涨Խ22꣬Ӻúء 

ǱЦȻΥǲġ 

źЦؿ׺ɣ᲻ἱ 

׺ںƿ͵ƣҼʲôǸһ𣬽᲻ʲôϵ 

ź˵ͷǵǡ 

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¹Ĵ׺ɳϡϵİ̺ĹһԼԼڻ״ʹǿڵҰȻС 

Ӻ£š 

¹ˮһʣܵ硣ҹֻܰԶԶĺشѪĽ໥ӦţʹǸо·ھ׶ĺס 

׺УƼػӺ壬Ľɶš 

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΢Űɴ͸Ļ㣬ذΧסǣ·һȺ÷ľ飬ΧǷ裬ĵǵϲ֮С 



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