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ϲϽѣֱǱ֮οȽڸͿһС ʮСŮޣҪ濴ǻ֪ͯĺֻǸԴ ҲֻΪŮѵã԰ݼڵĶչˡ 

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Ķй䣬Ҳ䲻˿Ĵѩ 

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С֦ɣýȫ϶ᡭⱿص·жóٻ˵϶ļ˵˿̵ģ϶

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˭ˣ·Ů·Ȼ֪Ҵԭ˰ɣ 

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ΪûϯǴԼ 

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ΪȻһЦôоҺܱǸٺ٣㸸׸Ƭеʵ̫ԶҲ֪˵ˣ֪Ħ°ͣ һ 

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ŮƤΪԼȡ棬ǣڵĳªγǿҶԱȡ¼󣬳ϧ룬·ֳ˸ݽŮ 

㡭ôSEMδܲڵ˲ѧ٬ģǳڻһɫŮ˾¶״ӡ 

ײҵĳһƣңô 

ϵùڳ׵£һˡ 

һǸˡѽ·Ȼƿĳԡ 

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һ޹ʹĸо񫣬ֻϧĽǼ̫ˡɬļɲѲ³ֻĳǡۿ˱˻Ե˵ҵúúý̽ˡ 

˭Ҫ̣ĨѲŲŵĸоĨȥƵġʱߵɱˣȭںһԼΪ˱ʧֻεգҴҵ˳ 

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һȥҸõʦģ˶ûȤ 

׿еŮӣһҲܲˡʦѰʵѧҲҡĿ꣬˵ 

SEMר𣿡ЦĿļ̫ţ͸Ϊǵĳˡ 

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ֻڸ㣬ҴӲ˵ĻЦ˫ȴ͸ڱصõѶϢˣһΪĿ꣬Ҿһõ 

ˣ·Ȼüѳ𣬺ܿİѳӿߡѹô󣬾Ȼ 

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ʹһףټϺ֪εô֮󣬸Ӳǰǵȥ·һ 

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ϰΩǴӡ˳ŮӣôиԶǿƵǵһϡԭ·ûȤȻע⣬ôǾͲûн  

·Ȼǰɣîˣ 

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ת·Ȼ롣ˣ£ǮҲΪ Դ˵Сͱˡ 

Ҵҵ¥оƵգҲԲˡ 

ѧˡҴҵߣƬ̵ĶҲûС 

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ˡƽʱѧɣ֪峿ͦ͵  

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·ȻƵģɻͷһ룬ΪʲôҪΪһ·أ˿̸ñܿԼҡڵǰ߹ 

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·Ȼһۣ۾ʯϡ룬ôˣײĽɣǵĻԭɾȻˡ 

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㣬ǲȥѧУȥ˾ 

˾һ£ȻһۣʲôʱSEMְԱˣӴˡ˷𣿡SEMְԱҸ˵ר顣 

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ʲô֤˵ΪҶ˵ģֻһϣҲֻȡķˡ 

Լ֪ȻҲѡ˵ϹˣҾа취ŪϷͥҪ㸶ʮĴۡ 

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ԡвʱִܱŵЦݡ 

ϷͥѿܣοSEMߵĿԽٷ֮һ٣ʱĽһһ֡ 

˿·ȻڼǺĲ鲻ԸĿڡҪô 

ҵ飬°࣬ҵճֱҵȬΪֹ 

һѧҪϿΡ 

ԣҴˣһֻпΡϿεʱٵҼңӣͱ뵽˾ 

˾԰æҲӶ˹ʹɶҪҵר ȫӵġ 

SEM쵹𣿷ɶôʡ 

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۷ң·Ȼɵۡ˶ʮ꣬һ˶Ƣ 

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׵ķȹãûĻԵȤ˶Ϊ̫ˣ  

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Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭȤҵȾ㣬ǶȤˣûȤһȥˡ 

׵Цܾζһϲ̼ϷǿϷȤζԾ͵ Цϣ㲻ʧ 

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׵˾ŪԼҪʲôʹҴҵĽ˻ңѾСʱˣԲ 

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׵ŮѣɫЩΣSEMĵ̣ǳǲֱģܿ뾳ףܵŮѣ 

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SEMԱô࣬ûĿɶˡ·Ȼ˵ 

ԼֵԭһǰŮûԵûò  

ڶSEMϰʱģбҪϴ 

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Ҹ㣬Ҳ˭ûΪŵ¸ҵǸǳ׵ŮѣҲ뿪 

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Ů˷ŲͳʲôϵǾ˵ҺĹϵǱѰ ·Ȼ˵鶼װӡ 

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һҶΪδˣҲ㰡ǿı飬·Ȼ֪˿̵һɥ˼㡣 

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ȥˣ 

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㡭 

㲻֪һһ𾢣Ҳϧ 

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·ȻԲŹţһߴ̫ˡ 

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ֱ¡ߡȻ˵ߴΣһҹߴΣҲϷġ 

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ݺݵ¿ˮû̧ͷ 

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룬ǷһͣʲôһҹߴΣʲôֽйϷ裿 

Ȼˣ·Ȼаš 

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йеİѻ˵ֺ򶨵˵ĻˣҪȥæҵˡ˵ҡڵ뿪 

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û鷳Ҳ͸ģĵԼ̬ˡ 

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ǲǶһֹԣڱʹˣһ֡ūԡ 

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գ׵Ӷ˲żȥˣֻնڼҴ Сۡ 

˵ģĺȽڣʱ᲻֪ĳ ڿʲô 

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ҸʵһЩ£ɻ֪°ɣڣʯʲôʱԴʲôʱԵõɣ˻ۣҽ̫¾ 

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ǰԳδ޵ڶѡϣҳúȥ  

ЦЦ˵ԭǣǲǸðѳƵġڶѡһ档 

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ҲŲҪЩǱĺ 

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Ļش𣬳ֻһʼ磬ûѯġҪԲô˵ڡ 

˼ǡֻ˵ġ 

һ¾ͻ᳹ףܶԷĴYESNO¿ Ưһһеɫʡҵ˼ǣֻҪΪҵģܲˡ 

㡭в˵֪һ˵õõ㲻 ĶȤɣ 

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֮Իż˾Ҳǰ۷ 

ٵʮ֢ȺֻҪʮ껹飬ܵ˾ͻ ذ񣬺񲻽ͳΪʮһ㡣 

عڣλ˾ǰſĸ׾ͿʼΪɫ󣬺ʱøϳףǺ͸ֲʱݵķ硣 

ʱԻӵһ׵£ع δ£ǽ˲ٷ˵ס 

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ĻҺ˴֮˺ֻ̫ƾԲˡ 

ô𣿡ҿóܰ㣬ֻҪĵǸһоOK  

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ҵר飬ҿɲϣҲڵڼ̫СȻ˵ 

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ұͲڿɰ͵Ůˡ˫ֲʮᡣ 

ӣŭЦǺţҾϲ͵ġ 

ĻѪ·Ȼһɣ㡭ûˣ㣬ƽ ľĵͽӡɳġΪǡԴ󡭡Ǽ ĵһ㡭㡭ֲǡĿţʺŲϲ㣡һҪ֪жô 

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Ϊ֮SEMδܲԭôԹ 

ҵˣʼҡ 

ǱͣЦˣ˵ϲ㶼ܡ  

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··ҸûʵĴɫʮص˵绰 

ٿЩʱ򲻳𣿡˿̼Ҫһ塢ڵתûЩǮ ·ҵ׼Ϊʷˡ 

·ҶĿѾŻݵˣоҵĵޣ ܣԷ֮ͨ漴ϵ绰 

һԵĹ˾ܷۼ·ɫѵĹϵ绰æʵ˵ʲô  

˵мĵޡ·˿󿿡ô죿 һڵʱҪŪԪ̸סмѵʱŲ ڶСĿˣοڡ 

ǰЩ㲻ǴSEMŲ裿 

˵Ǽˡԭ׵ĻٳǮĿģڡ SEMҽֻһЩûһνôһʽ 

뵽һص¼һͷ˵á 

SEMǿţڶǶԸСĿɷ׷ǹʵģƾʲôҪ Ǯο·ϼҪյҵѾţ·ϵǮ޷Ҫ 룬·׹ϵʿҵ̬ԸٽǮ·ϣ ˭裿 

ۿ·꣬˵³м鲻֪³֪֪  

˵ǧֻǼ̸Ůϵ̫һЩ²̫ Ҳ֮ڡ 

ο֪Ҳֻ˵ġ 

ʲôֱ˵ɡ 

ĿöСSEMĳߵúܽǳ˫ԡи ·Ȼ˵ҹͳһ 

£·˵һϢ 

³֪𣿡 

ȷǲ֪ͷһ¡ 

·Ȼûʲôرͬľֹһ򶼺ҡɣʱ 浽һŻҲôһ룬񻹱Ƚʱʮһ ͿԿ 

һı̧࣬ͷ¥ݷ򿴣ȻѹʣСڼ  

·һӣۼ˵ҵãСͳ ѿ⵹һõ 

ʲô˼˸ٺãҲ£Ϊ˾ Ǯɣ 

۹һЦص˵Ҳǿһ· Ķߣʼ˵ļƻеͨ𣿡·ʮԥ 

еͨۼڿǣ׽סʹ˵Խг óԪķˡ㲻ϣ̫ﵽǮʹ·ҵʹʧɣ 

⡭ 

Ҫһ˵ʱ¥ݴŲֱܿӣһ·ȻЦ˵С簡ǽ̫󳳵𣿡 

·Ȼò΢΢סԷ۵ӡһ̫ã˴кҲ  

壬硣 

ŶòƯˡ 

лллΪòòˣҲûС· һֱӿ˵ְ֣м 

Ŀ챻ˣ˵鵱ôרģûпεӼȫڳߣʱϯһЩᣬţ黹ã顢 ءܼҡȫˣ 

ҪԲΪڣÿ๤ʮһΪޣġġӡ˯ģ 

׸˵Ҫᣬ׼һȥ 

һȥԴûⰡˣȥμӻ鲻ƵȥȴӵģֻΪǡ͹ 

ҲŬľܾĩˣȴĪıŵһȥףʲôеһߣħһɡ 

Ҫʲôڸ߼̸һҵʱ䲻ؼң 

ˣ˵ѼȥɣҪȻô죿ܲ˵ͳ׵ô˵Ļȫˡִ˵ɫ쳣ûȤԼȥ ˽ 

˵ɡ·겢⣬Լ鶼ڲƽˡ 

ҡҺҪϲѼ棬ܻᶺһҡɣϣܱܲźá 

·겻˼ĴӦˣȥɣԼСһЩǡ 

·Ȼû뵽һлô˳Цһãڷ۵ɫҲһЩģҳȥˡ 

·Ȼź󣬷ۿ˿ڣ³ǵѼ𣿡 

·÷Ҳδ̫ˣ˵ȥҲûʲôõģ˵Ȼһϲȥ˿ڲ裬һڵʱ䲻̫ĵѼҰɡ  

㲻ǣôˣҲù̫ࡣ 

ڻϿڼ䣬ǴѧСûΪȥѼôΡ  

ʲô˼ 

ҾãϲѼֻǽڣҲȥҲ˵ 

ô⹫˾ܹܵôܹ࣬ܵļˣ·ɫͱ̫ˣǰӽֽʽɡ 

¶ЦݣΪ뷨û˵룬СδһҪദһĶǳ׵ĻôǸƣÿʵУ 

ǷӲ̫ðɣ̳϶թȻżʣⷨδ̫ 

ۿԥ˵ұ˼ⷨӺòõ⣬ŪСδһе׺˭һ顣ֻҪһȷǺͳһз˵·ķȥ 

ͷԼҪˣ˭⡣ 

·һ£Ҳеô֪˭һ飿 

¾ͽҰɡۺĵ˵ 

šĿǰֻһһˡ 

ڣȥĶЩǮ 

ĶӦò˰ɣ·ȻһС䡣˳ һɣʵϣҲòˣһĶ̫࣬ܲҵĳ׵Ҳ࣬ʱֻҪ䵱Լ 

׵ĹԢ¥£δ³ͿһŮһ飬֪أͷӿһɺܲζĸо 

˳ǡȽЧӦˡ 

³ڳϿǡ 

ˣΪʲôŮ죬ĶϤЩңԶһʱ֮벻Ժܿ϶ǣ֮ǰһĶ档 

ڳŮϳҵӿߺ·Ȼ³ó 

ЩĿǲ翪ԶĳӣιŶ˭صھĩ 

ѧѧá 

·Ȼ̫ŵų̈Ҳдѧѧð㲻ǲŴһΪѧöǽ𷢱۵ء 

׿һۣһʵİԼͣһԵĳӡ 

·ȻһŮӵŪøɵ߷ڳʱ һתע¡ 

㡭֡ 

ʯõϣײ׽ƭı顣ЦĿ 㲻һֱϣҵʯõ𣿡 

ǲǹңܲˣҲʯڼǰͿõˡ  

Ц 

ּȻˣҲ˰ɣŻԼ ĳϡ 

ǿԣźҴģھô˵ĻǳԼϲඣԼϲ棬϶仯ıУ Եõܴ㡣 

ָоŮϴйΪ⣬ӿһֽϧĸо 

Ų֣ 

Ǿ 

ǣҸϲ㣬֤ 

˳˳ϵҲùҵ䲻𡣡 ϰߣ˾֮кֱһȥ 

ˣҵĴǾ͵ҡĸоһ 

ÿÿרĳЩʱϻеĿ׽Ǹ ͵ߣÿѭԹȥʱ򣬾ͻῴֻʵĺͷ£ø˵  

ҡ֪ԼüΣҲ˵鲻 ῴΪȽڡ 

ĺ񵽸һģһŻ̲ס 

׿һŮ͵һ˵ԭ ѵиõĽͣ 

·ȻһȽڵ񱦱һղУ˷ ƺò˵ˡ 

ҲΪϲſģΪΪ㳤úϲһˡ 

һü֮ʡ 

ġ˺죬ںССʱϲһ磬ǸҽѣȽڡ 

ᵽȽڡʱ׵ɫ˱䡣 

΢΢һЦһţһСѧϲһѧĴ ˵ĳĶǶʱʮĵǰʥ ҹһμȽ磬ҲûκϢˡ·Ȼҧ ̸ȽʱɢҸЦĨԹҲ֪Ҳ޴Ӵ  

һѶȫ޵ˣֺαôں׵ıˡ 

Ϊ˺գΪڴڶթ¶䡢˽ģ˿ܵ ůɹڻһ㡣 

Щ˲˵ġԼĸ鳤ڽ Լʹࡣ 

֪ÿÿ·ϣֻҪĳǶֻһӵ һŨڷĽüһͻõû˵ҼţһȽһ ٳǰܺһһεʧ 

˶𣿡 

ᣡ·Ȼָ˴Ϊʲôҵôáһ֣Ҿ ᳣͵ǿЦĻʵҲİ͵ԭ˵ˡ 

˵ģҵһοʱΪȽڳˣĵ ˣ˭֪ 

Һܶࣿʾʡ 

Ӽֺóúáһ߼װ һۡSEMδܲأгζŨ 

ʧЦ룬úҲ°ӣأ 

ԯޡֲмĿһۣһΪ٬ĸ ӣһǫ顢Ĵѧӡ 

ࡣ 

ǵȻ˵̲סһۣȻ̾ҡҡͷ 

ûҲȽѾӡеȽˣܳ ӣ㻹ϲ 

ɣı൱ 

ӻڿһ档֪ȽڵڳףҲ ͬһˣ᲻벻 

˵ 

˺ܾãÿµ⣬޷شҮ 

ֻҪ׼Ŷʱ䲻̣㹻ıһ˵ĸˡ л˵ҲǰҲӵġ 

ƽʱ˵ʱĵ̫࣬·Ȼ̲ס̧ͷһ ȻңԶ 

ңԶɼĵط 

Ƕȿ·𿴵˾ǰȽڡԺ桢ϵȥ κһ˲ʣ·ȻȽںͳ׵Ӱصˡ 

 ѩˣ 

·ȻվڱشǰͷİѩǸˣˣ Сжγľ飬ȴÿÿѡڣѩĶ 

һοѩ쳣졣ԭΪ˶ȥ£ҲΪ ů¯Ĺϵ˸ƣеһҵܰ 

ǵĵڶ졣ԭΪֵ𴲣׵˾ȥᣬ ѽʮ㣬͵˾ȥˡϹܼ˵ڳǰԸ ǲҪú˯һ 

ףʲôʱôˣ 

ȻѵԣȻֵ͵һء 

ùͺԭ㵽ͷߣɲţͷӭ ԹԵĽֻĶŲ붳硣̫ģǱ ӹܼҵĽ飬׵鷿ʱ䡣 

ۣǵͽֻ棬鷿ףС͵ͼݣ ͷҵ鼮ռ־ҲһЩҵڿԭΪῴĻ ӡ¥־û뵽һҲûС 

治ǳףصã 

ԭ飬ߣȻĿһа 顣ϸһЩȫǹڴѧϵָ顣 

ײǰЩӲŻعǸABCôҲܴѧǣô Щ飿 

ôʱȻ뵽֮ǰڳ׹Ԣ¥¿Ǹˡǡ Ƚڵķϵѧã 

֪ΪʲôһϤĸоˣΪŮǽС һӽȥȽڵԼʱǸŮʱͻ֣Ūýŭ ȥŮӡ̴Ϊ˰ɣʲôɣ 

ֻΪʲôʶףʱ˵ѧʱѧáǷϵ ģô˵ҲǷϵඣȽڵҲǷϵ׺Ƚ֮䣬 ƺôһЩǡɵϵ 

һصĸо·ȻԺƿĲȡһȫ飬 ֱķĩҳȻ;ǰȽ͸ĿƬһսݵ֣ ͷǩϵȽڡ 

еȫذ壬ͷһƬϽӽƬ  

¾ɵƬˣһȽڣһǽ㣬һ֮ģ ȻÿһԼʱǿҪȥԼ 

·ȻԽجһƬ૵ôôᡭ 

˼֮ʣܼƿţ˽ڵ̲衣 

վһ˵ǰ΢ЦߵţûӦҾֱ ˡʲôô񣿡 

ӵһ۾ϲⶫŮ´Ƶġ˵Ǹѧ꼶ѧ ˵۹ģǹеĺһ 

һЩ̲ůůӰɣҳ̲пڽԱŶ 

·ȻƬ߹ȥеŪ 

ɳС㣬м㡣װ̲ı ůģֲ䣬ֻ̫ 

ʳҵ飬֪ŶڳҰӶʮˡȼ² õ򣬰Ѵɺϱ¡ 

·ȻƬøסûʲô˫ֵ̥ܣ 

ؿһƬǳδ֮ǰƬɣܿ϶˵ ǼүΩһĶӣûֵܡ 

Ҳ˵׾ǡȽڣ 

죡Цδ⿪̫ˡ 

ģ 

õѧƾŵġأѹΪ үԪ˵Ķӣڷ˻ʱûӽš 

Ǻ 

ĸˣǿ⺢Ӱɣټϲúһֱ ڵķҲˣһûбȽ˲ԿSEMص ˳űһ 

·ȻףΪʲô̽ȽڵϢǰջҲûУ ԭˡ 

֪ȽڵӹÿɺãʣԺһж˳ ɣ 

̾˿˵յʱ򣬳ҵÿˣү֮ⶼ ͷҰ֣ûԸʱʹֶݺӡ̵ һǣǱߵһֶүΪʳӳ̶ȣʹ˰ ˺Ʊ 

ûܵʲô˺ɣܻڣǱʾû£ǵʱأ ˣ 

Щͽ²˺ۣӳˡ̾˿ ԴǼ֮Ӿͱˣ𺡢ᣬΪĿĲֶΣ ˸̽ʲô 

ǴʼԼеĿʼɣ 

SEMδ̳ǶۺؽٵĶĲ ĳݣδǰͻᱻ跨ˡ 

·ȻƺЩ׳׺ȽͬһˣΪʲôԯޣʱ ʹ˲òˡ 

֪Ϊʲô·ȻĿʼۣۿغ 

֮ʱĴûзģҺǸ˲ ԼʵSEMĴϳĵλҵĳʹSEMľʵ ƽһ󲽣˳õ»һͬSEMܲһְ £ؽ˵ҲΪ¼үүӵ£ SEMɵ͵Ҳ֪үصһС 

ֲõ̸˵ǳֶ 

Ȼ뵽һ£ؼ̸δĿó׵®ɽĿɣû òȽڵơֻ¸꣬ڵֻ֮Եļ̸ ĳࣿ 

ܣһͦ׾ġ 

ԭôࡣ֪׾Ƚ֮ǰһֱΪ֮ ӣ׳˶û뵽һֱΪǳӵı ־ҲΪ˶ĵǧ 

ѹֵ֪ȽʱһȽӺ һʱô졣 

ԭôǻл 

һз̩ˣүıһֱΪԾص Ҳ¶οЦݣ˵ĸ顭·ȻһۣС ˵ҲСˣүܹĻ¡ 

˳ɰɳ׵Ůˣ̸ĸôСġϲĶ󣿡 

š֪ͲŮ˽ܶϲɣܿͷˡ 

һᵽⷽ£Ͳ񷽲٩٩̸ 

ɼĵĴҲǿѨ硣 

ûбȽϹ̶Ů𣿡SEMһСӣŮְԱ̸ķ ʷ 

Щε˵ϣغ̶ܹ 

үʷǿɾһ֡ʺǣһ Ůˣûֻǡ֮үۻң֪һ  

ֻֻĸҶү˵һүĿе氮˵ ˻ɲˡ 

·Ȼ룬ǿ׼ܼҶôô̫ȭ ôǧͰε¼һ 

Ĭؿ˵ΪԼ֮ǰ˵Ļٶ Щʲôæ˵¥»ЩҪæ￴ɣʲôһ £Ϲ 

š 

ߺ·Ȼҵ˼Щͷ 

Щһƺ࡭ 

 


ڽ˷æһ졣 

״ӻ߳ʱѽ°ʱ䣬ص칫ʰһ¶뿪 ʱ˾һŮְԱ˽ 

λ·ȻСڵ 

Ȼô 

֪ˡЩ⣬ɷϵģеͦġ 

˰칫ңֱҡƿţһĪڸƻ·Ȼ 

ͦѵõأΪΪʱĹϵܻ˯𴲡 

ҵӦûô 

ô뵽ҪңһΪˮޣΪ̫ˣû̧ܣ 

Ųǡר鲻𣿡ô֮ϲ̧ܷʽԻǴطһֱ 

ʵ֮ҪһΣһʼûɫ 

ΪԼ˱ȣһֲֻװеһڣ° ʱ䣬ר᲻̫硯ˣЦеĳ 

ΪˣӵĿԳ˻Ϣɲ ˶е˼ιҵǿ⡮ѵûһ ʾ𣿡 

ֻЦĿ·Ȼˣôҵߣ ֡Ⱥȿȵģô֮ 

ЩʧЦҵ治ôʵǴ ߡصʱԣ۳£ʱԴȥ 档 

һΪʱŮ֮١Ů˶ԣҲǮϣ ùʱϣ˵ʱȽǮҪˣǱ˴˵Ϸ 

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ڴѧʱ·𼸺ȫŬġȫȫľӪǷݸ飬 䲻Ȣİ㽣ϵվֲǮƸˡĵĺǰӺͰѩͯʵ飬·ѡ˼Ժյĸӡ 

˺óʱ丧ƽʹ·֮ףŮһ ųϵģǮͬʱҲ˵Ļ̶ȡܱˣ ˭µĸ࣬˭öࡢòң 

ΩһͶעĸúòңе£óȻһءˣӶԸ٬ص̬ƺ޸ࡣ 

Ů˰ֻǮҪģҲ磽˶Ů˵Ҳͳ ΪŮ֮ദʽ 

Ƕ·Ȼȴвͬ뷨տʼҲΪһİݽŮ ˲Ż·ڲӦһԷ¡֣ҲǸᡣ 

·ȻǸرŮӡ 

ҲΪǵһǺȤŮˣҲΪǵһΪ˽ ǮӽŮˣȽڵһϧ֮⣬֮ ֮ͬǰЩŮ˵С 

ιҿǱǿȵŶ·ȻĻЩΪȻ 

ίġ 

ǡİ㺡εٸߴ ķʽ˵˵һ鬸߽ٲĴ¥¥мһָĻԱ 뵽ͣɲԣ 

ĴΪʲôýܲͬ桢飬·𡪡·ڿһ㡣 

͸ѰȽڵӰ 

һüʲôʱѧѯҵˣʲô˾  

ǿȥඣǿش֪֮ģʺԼĵص  

أǿǸԼص㣬ǡ𣡡ô Ľģ 

ĿֻһȽڡȽڵĻǵ׷Ҳ׷֡  

лȵǣȽ𣿡֪Ƚ ڴ׿ϡ 

񣿡ֱЩԾԴ󵨵ʡ 

·ȻһЦ񣬵Ȼ񡣡ŵȻʮ򶨣һ ²ؼ 

ѣ˵ġֹ׿±ָҪȥǼ õúܣЩȥǻûλӵġ 

Ŷ 

һﻹǿʱ򣬻ǲ϶ȽڣΪʲôΪʲ ô 
ٲ¥ߵĴ¥ΰ 

·ȻڿλòͣλҹĳˮȫΪһ Ƭ˸޺硣ҹΪʲô˲ƽ 

ڶ¥Ĳһɫһȴûʲôõһ  

ϲĲͺ㣬ֻ˼˼ǳһڣ漴²ӡ 

ôθڣע⵽ӷŵڣԵĶٵÿ 

ҡ 

˿ɽȣôˣӷŵڣƺлҪ˵վ ʲôû˵СЩ֣ŮʱŪⲻ̫Ŷ һֱڿ죬ʲô˵ʲôϰǺƢˡһ Ϊ졣 

·Ȼ㡭ûʲôң 

а㵽ʲôҪ˵ֱ˵ɡ 

·Ȼ΢üЩ˵˵ϲϷ֮ ѵ̸һЩ𣿡 

üһЦʱ̸δ̫ɱ羰 

ǹ£ָָԼְ˵Ļ˵ڡ £һй£Ҷ֪ҲҪǺͻ ЩҵĻ 

֪һӵĳɳ̣Щ̵˵ 

أ 

û뵽˻شЩٴüǲأһְ úܣǹ£һùܵġͣһ£˿ڿȣһӵ ɳʷʲô˵ģ 

ʱǲóĴҡ·Ȼ 

ʹٵȴԼȽڣֱӰѻ˵ԣҲ֪ ˴ϤĹʹҲɹݣԾʲô ҡǶҶԣ֪ǶôʵЦ𣿡 

·Ȼģм㶣ԼµһЩѰѶϢΪ ȷվĬȻԶԡ 

ΪʲôΪʲôȽڣɵĿ 

룬ֻ֪Щʲô£򲻻ôƶΪȽڣ ҲٻʱԼݣһβ׵µ֣ á 

޲˵֣ȴҼռҪĵλ 

ΪʲôҪ˵Ǹû֣Ŀڣ˵Ļȴ ǵȽΣֻǸȥʽ֣ǸȽڵˣھ ǰͲˣǰǳףһȽȫͬ͵ˣһʹ ˡ 

һֱΪԲŲȽڣи ҪĶ˺ˣǸоóʹ 

һֱھǰСֻŮ黳бֶѡһʮ С˽ʲôǰˡŨü˿ҲҲ ĿеȽ磬ˣúõȥ̸һʽɣǰͯİ 㽸ýˡ 

Ҽֳأ 

ִЩʲô㽵ĶѾˡֱ̽  

̽£κ˶᲻Ծĵͷӱܣ·Ȼȴηӭ Ǹоڶʾʲôһ 

һͶȴòرʹ࣬ԸҲͬ 硣 

ʹԽ˶һжʲôĻ䡣ˣһ Ҫʱȥƽ·Ȼܹжǿ־ȥԡ 

ֻһСŮ԰㽣˵Ļ£վ ġ 

ִ񡭡ΪʲôǲʹƵһĪ ڴ黳 

ǰҪô˵ԼѲڣж˵ʵ 飬ûа취Լѣ˵ϹҲǰȽڲǰϤȽ ڣİ춯Ա䣬òϤȽڣ ǣûʸҪҷΡˣ㽵ȴİҪô  

һǸŮ㲻ôɵ˵ ģ·ȻƺôһЩѡ 

ǡҪĴۺøߣ 

ϲһҵ飬㲻ΪҵôࡣҪ˵ͬ飡̧ ͫݵЦɵ־Ҳÿ ֪ɵҲɵϵҸֻϧ侲ˣⱲû õɡ⿴ף·ȻңԶԶңɼ 

ĵ̾˿վϯ 

ҲԶֻǸ㽣ľ 

ĿȥϸӰһϧ֮Ȼ ˶ٶ԰һܷİôã 

ôʱ㹻ȥ̸üѤõ飬ƾ ֪߾Բ׷ߣΪʲô̸һİ飬 е 

ʮСŮһԼʮĴкİԾȻôҪ ԻˣҳԻ֮⣬ҲоԼһһεڽ⡣ 

·Ȼҵĸ飬˵жƭ˵ģȫȫİһ˵ģ 뵽ǰԼĸɵҲһأ𣿵ɵӵĽ ʱȥˣӴԺ˰飬Ĵڡ 

һԼһɵϣ氮ڵĻ  

ǿµģǴӰгȴҲ˵ġǷһŰ ΪԼͶԷٶһأ 

 Ĵ󶼻ҹɫԭҲôįġ 

˷£ӣ·ȻһƮѩĽͷźͳڲ һõ̸ﲻܣ˿̵ֻúõĳһ˼һƽ 顣 

һ˸ҰҺ޵ļǿ󣬿ǲˡʹųĻ ʵ͸ֻӲѹס̵ˮˡ 

˾ʱ䣬˾飬ֻǵȵһڳϣ Ҳһ˿һȽڵӰ 

׾ȽڣںܶطûģֻڻƵòһ ʽҲѪûġøȽȫһǣֻҪ ģǿεָԭӡ 

ĸıǻĴ컯Ūˣ£ô ĻҲ̫ںˣκһﶼܲˡ 

·Ȼͷǰأвӽʮֻٶȸ ԣ˽³ϳɡ 

ػͷ·ȻҲ֪Է˭ΪŵĻԵĲ  

㲻һ䣿ѩء 

ѩҲûĻ䡣ʮ⡣˵ɵϡһССһ ѩҵġ 

ΪҷŵĻǸ 

ˣ顣ԶӸߴʮֲˡ˵ϲһ Լ£Լ¾Ͳҵġ 

͵͵һˣԷ֪飬һ˵£ ȻѾҸˣΪ⻹ΪԼ£͸öԳ ܣҪ֪ 

ڹΪ鷳֪ΪʲôԳʱ׼ 롣 

ͣ½ŲˣԲعҡ 

һͣҲͣ 

̫ˡ׻صõȻ̧ͷͷĺ䣬ϳɡ Ű³о⣬ͷֺ̹ǡ 

·ȻһۣУҲҪůĹĳǶ ҵͬѡ 

ֻͬ飬ھͲˡŮеĵλˡ ŮͼЩŤ̽Լеĵλֻ˳ˮ۵Ľ ˵ĹϵѡһǸͬŮ˵ˡ 

ڳǰĳඣЦ˵޷Լ ڴ 

Ӧǰ˵Ļ 

ǰ·ȻЩס 

𣿡ˣȴ漣ƵļǵáҲǶڵʱʮС Ů˵Ļе죬ҲΪж֮һ ֱû˵Ļ 

ǰʥҹҲһμʱ˵Ҫҵ㳤 Ů˵ϲҡ 

㡭ǵã·ȻǰһΪǿ飬ȡ֮ǲ˼ ;ϲ 

һֱǵáЦ⡣˿ʽӦ㵱ʱҪ ԱеĻһһС 

㡭˵Ļ·Ȼ˵нһ͸ вϵظԼ˵ 

ûлӦЩڣӲ˵ҷڲ˵һЩ Ļϣ㲻ҪϣҴ˷ĳġ 

Ļĵ𣿡ȵʱ̫̫ˡγĵȴʹ ͻϲûǺһ 

ǺһϣԶ֪һΣԶ 

ĲˡƽʱϳŪ˵񲻼ˣȡֿ֮顣 ʱԸóͬĶԴ 

δ·Ҳ֪ٶóĽΣǣΪԷ· ȻԸðա 

ΪԼͬһŮӣֻǵΪ۰ Сãףֽ͵ӵĮʵ顣 

ѲǸϰСãǰŵģ ѾһÿŮ˵۹⿴ĳŮӡĸоԼ ·Ȼ㺣־ƺʲôԾ˲һֱӱԸ Լʵ顣 

ʵԼʱˡϣٴطһֱ˿Ů˵۹⿴ϲΪȴӱ˵ʱžܵҲ֮ڡ 

Ľ𣿡·Ȼ˫ڳϣƤЦݷ·ܻ˪ѩһ㡣 

׵ĴָϣЦǵÿˡ 

Ķ죬Ҳû䡭 

 ԭѩͱѩǲһġ 

ڴϿͷķѩ·Ȼֲĸܡͷѩ˳ бһǶȴ򵽴ϣýյĴƵƵ졣 

ԭų̂ҲһЩȻֺ̨һֻǸĳһʽƮѩ 

ѾʮˣڴϷȥ˯ͷķѩ֮һ˱ȵ¾ЩҪԭ 

֪˯û˵ 

·Ȼޱɵطʱǰǡĸ۵Ĵ꣬һӿķ 

˼ŨУͻȻһߵ 

Ȼ˯𣿡׸ԵҹԵõͳö 

û´ȥšôôû˯ 

ʱ仹硣һϰžޡѩܴⷿĸһЩҪҪͷȥ˯ȻֻǴӻζǶһЩʵ˶Ѿˡ 

ˣá 

˯ɡװѻ˵ת뿪 

·ȻͻסӡֵĶ·ʶģֱִӣعʱס˵ 

ҡ 

ôˣ 

ӻζЩɲԡɲңֱֱ˯뿪㲻һ룿·ȻΪԼĴ󵨶 

һ£׻߽ķ䣬ŶҲһ»ʲôʿ¡ 

һӣҸ򣬲𣿡뿪Ц˵ȴΪ̸Щ 

ĳʵҵ˸һ˺Ц˵Ϊƿӣȥɣͷ䡣 

·ȻϴҲ׽ŪüЩĺû˼ֻǾͷһҲ䡣 

ҲϴһӡЩ˯ɣ컹һ췳˵Ĺг̡ 

ˮ۵˳˱ڴͷµƷ 

칤Ǿ׼Ҫ̻ع˰ɣ·ȻͻȻʡ 

ţô׵˼鱾ϡ 

֪ΪʲôЩįءȫҵģع֮󡭡ָоήͺܶɣʧЦ̫ˡָĳ 

·ȻסĴƣŪ㷢ֱǰ˵ϡ 

㡭ʮĴ󵨡 

΢΢ƯͫûġЩϸ΢ĶʾĽš 

ǰʥǰܻҪʲô꣬ϣõͬʥ 

𼫴Űѻ˵ڡ 

Ҫʲô 

ҪԼʥ͸ң᲻̫ǿѣ·Ȼ۾ڶģҽʥǡ㡣󣬼ȻǶԵ飬ûеҲӱܡ 

ҪĻӦҲ֪뷨 

֪ǲţ˵Լڴһˣ֮Ľϲûʲôԡ 

þõòκλӦΪԼܾˣʹǲǾҺḡȷڴĸоԼһ 

ҪҺ졣 

İҪһµģΪأУ·Ȼ޷̽ ֪롣ҵţ͵ҷû˵Ļ 

һ¸ĸΪ 

Ļʮ֪˵ʲôⷴʵ㻳ԼûлӦңеԺ;ǿ顣ȣûʸҡô᲻˿̵飿 ӣԸ˿ٵĴˡһǣҴҵġģ·ëӹҵСŮˡ仵֮⣬ûгɳ 

˵ѾǴˡڳǰ·Ȼ±СˡʮĪĲǲڳףԼܾ ԭΪС̫ࡣ

Ȼţ۲ݣΪ׻һס 

ĳ͸ףЩŮǲ˵ģǻ޹ ˵ͦıǼ⣬Ȼ˵ʥ£ҲҪҵĻ˵ˣҪ˵ʲô 

㡭 

۾˵·Ȼ۵ͬʱĴ˱ е۽ɵ⽻Ҳʼơ 

ӵڻͬ´һǻĸо·ȻıۡĸܵḧĺۼԼԴĤӣֻӡǡ 

˼䣬оϵ·һıȥĲֽͨΪŶ䣬ѵνһףҲʡ 

۾ǰһȴҴҵֱۡ

㡭û·죬㡭壬˵壡 

Ļ̲סЦ˳ҲûñҶడʱô˵Ĳ֪ôӦ 

ĸʱǴģ 

㡭·ȻǷžһƳΰġ֪˵Ŀôÿ׿ʻޡ͡еǵһ㡣ּӿƵʡ 

о·ȻЩӲӣ׵ϸСɵɣһнңǺõģһҲ¡

·ȻߵĺȻ֪еġ顱ָʲô 

׵ĴƸϸ۵ǰͷƷӶһĨɫ̺죬档 

ڳ׵±ջĻÿ񾭡

š𡭡һһαֲ֪ľţʹ˴סɵȼĲֽߺĬ 

ߵƵԼֱ治 

·Ȼ֮ǰǸӣŮ֮¶˾ռߣû һŮ˿˿ȣȫȫͶ롣·һʹ὿ ԰Ρ 

ȻȪԴĵġᰮ ֻһʸߵȴ̲ס 

šҧԼΪĴй 

д׵΢üյ˫ԼԸж΢ĺ촽죡СħŮ־һһȣֳڻд˿ĺѰѳֵסһҪ 

һıƣܵ·ȻһŨҵĿϵĴƶصĦ̽ 

𡭡ҧ 

飡Ц˧һĨаЦ⣬ſۿҡǺȴյøˣ˵Īҳó󣿡 

·Ȼҡͷۡ۵ɲǣЦ⣬Ǵˮаݱƽ˷ݿĺˮɵλ䣬ȥ  

㡭 

ɡ 

š΢ü 

ס֡ҵӡ˻һ㣬áú ΪԼ󵨵Ķߺ 

Ů֮Ľֻףоߡ 

ϲӡ 

۲ҲӶ˫弤 

𡭡о¸һůؿڳһƴܣ·ȴһ 

ʹ·ȻüʹʹӷƮƮɵе˺ѰʹСʹᶼһһܾҡͷҪŪҺʹ  

ȥϵᣬ˵ԣҲ᲻ʹһⲻͲˡΪ˽Ĳʼͣʱ 

оʹȥ·Ȼˮֱסľ 

Ĭһ㣬µĻԻٶɶʱ·ȻԸеЩ΢ʣʹʧˣȡ֮һ۵Ļ壬Ŀвйһ 

ֱ۲˳ס 

ٶȼӿ죬·Ȼоؿ۵Ŀʱ 

̽խϵۡ 

ĵ 

ҹҹòá

  õʱǹر죬Ϸɻɻ̨ʱ·ȻͳǼΰʱʹ˻¾㡣 

ٹӷɻҪʻ䡣ɻ½·Ȼ Եľиж 

һּ㻹ĸоģԼһԹοζ 

ʱҲ򹫳ôвʱһع󣬾Щ߹ľ飬жʱ 

׳۵Թûʱ㣿µӳģ·ȻƺֱȥǰһЩģŵĵֽ 

ѻ˵ˣֻǷɧѡ֪ԼϲʲôˣЩԼ

ֱ˽ĸжḧĳһᾡŲʱġһǡ 

ĸԣһκˣŬȫһСҵˣȻҲˡ 

ǰ·͸ģˣʼŰ飬԰鱧Ϸ̬ȣŮ˶ԽֻеĵĹߡֱ·ȻϸжӿŰһεͷ

һ˹ĵˣҪһΰҪܴΪҪԳ׶ԣ·Ȼ˵ȫȫ⣬ûһ˿ɡ

һûκλӦĵԳ꣬еļ֡ 

𣿡ĻԻɵ̬ȡһͲʮСʱõˣɲΪġġ 

˼ҿSEMδܲ˼ˣ·ȻЩԹ 

ģЩƤ٩˵˭ϸҵȥģƤǿȥóӦȥʱһӣͺʧʲôƵġٸߵĴ˵ڵƽϵҪҶˡ 

һʱһʱ 

Ů˻Ʊ䣡ʧЦ 

½εı˵СҳƱ䣬ԭҿǺֵܼġ 

ԭ򣿡װɵʲô 

硭·ȻغȻֹѡԼϲˡûмֵ겻֪ô߹ġþ͵ȵҪĸˣȻһʮ꣬ǲŽаԹ

ԭΪ׻ʵЦȡЦû뵽ֻǳǳһЦ·ȻƵò˼Ĵͷ

ֽڷۼϵķӵ󣬳׵ʣʲôʱǼֵľͷ 

ش˵Զ𣿡 

ԶһɡΪĺϲϲ 

§Уһǡ 

ԭΪҪ¶һ˸Ǽѵ£ǵ·Ȼʱκ¶б̬ȾȻŨҵ޷һһεĸ裬ǹעһĺġ 

ûа취гһʱΣʱ룬Ҳ޷ȥκ˰ɣ 

Ҫңҿ԰ġȫȫȥһˣΪһ˸§һ̾ 

ãɻڻ䡣ڳصʱķͷ˲ټߡײΪʲôʱôߣΪϲ׽ӰĹڸоЩǳġ 

䶯һ㣬·Ȼ󣬲ֱЩϴἱȷ ˵ļߡ 

·ҵ³չİŮƻ׵ʲô 

Щסһ۱·ȻãȻı顣 

ҡ·ȻҲŪͿˣӳ̽ͷһȺߣԻĵૣΪʲô 

Ȼһͷĸߴ߹ӳߡ 

ڱסһɲǣȻ˭Ƿ۵СӣҲְ·ҵһԱ 

㡣ǰ״ʵ̫ңͷ 

ң㻹ϣ˭ëȻЦ˵˾·Ȼ̫׵ĻԺͱ˳˫ԣȴҵ￴Ϸ𣿡 

ƾʲô˵ʲôƵģԵ֮ñɷ 

㵽ں˵ʲô֣ӲƤĲſ 

֣Ҫ֣ſĿ 

Һδ޵ٹܡ˵ڳ׵ƣڨڨɿ֡ 

δޣ·Ȼͳͬʱ˵ 

ףȻĵװһʲô֪޹˳һۣҲưոݵġ

ʱ·ͻȻ֣ǴԲƵĶ˵Ȼ ̫ᣬ׾ͱ˵Ļƭ 

ҸùǸչඣףԲηĻĿ⣬ɫҲûС 

·תףһֱһҵ羫Ӣû뵽£̫ʧˡһκSEMδܲô棬ֻЩơ֣鲻ǡ·Ȼ̲סڡ

ѻ˵꣬·Ļ죡ջҵ˼ۿףҲˣһٿдֻعɡ 

ʼûڡ˼תȥѲ񷽲Ī־յ󼸺԰κζ顣 

Ǹ壬ɵ壬Ϊɣ·͹ˣΪῴ 

Ĳ·µ壬·ȻǷҲμⱰ¼ļƻֻ򡭡һҲܺأ 

ϣһصܵ¾ı˺ԼĹߡ 

һαܹ˵Ŀʼθ١֪Լٶȱʱεľٶ 

쳣ļ 

ƺо׵ɭ䣬·Щµıߣ񷽲ֱ׳  

·Ȼ뿪һҲԸ 

·ȻԲסûа취ѵ£ƵƵĻ׶ԳͶȵ񣬿վֻԻɵȻ۹ĿҲûԮֵͼ 

ĮϤġ²ؼı·ȻĲһ 

ôһͼ̸һˣʲôĲ֪Ҹ֪ڵô¡ 

ʲôʱδޣΪʲô̸˵չЩ̫ˣ·Ȼ뿪󣬳ͱ˵⡣ 

ʳڷ·˵ĻʲôҪ˵𣿡 

ĳĬǷĬأ 

 

ĮһĳԷߡܺ·Ҫô˵⣬Ҳ֪·ȻҪô 

Ƿһ͡ 

 һصң·ȻҪ·һĴ𰸡˺ܾãǼҪȺú˯һŸ 

벦绰ףûŪ̸ʲôϷ֮ǰƺҲǴ绰ʱ򣬶ҳֻòᣬĵ绰 

ڴշתһҹһֱ賿塢ۼ˯ȥȻڰ˵ңΪ¹Զ 

ϴ¥ʱ·ڿ̵ 

͵͵Ľڿڴе¼룬ͼ̸ĶԻӦû޹ġ 

ЩɣȴҲǳ֪ʵõķ 

·ǰʣҵΪ͡ҹãԴЩߡ 

·û˵ʲôһƵǰҪǮģ㲶ɥ 

·ȻһŽϵĽһǧ 

ǵһžô֣ûǶôµĽ 

ΪʲôŲ裡иŵĽ㡣 

˲٣˵ʲôҲٽҡ 

ΪʲôΪʲôǷôǮ·ϵ飬벻 ̸ȻǷ֡ 

˾һǰ;ӪƣұѪҶ˲취أû뵽˾ǵûɫǷµĽ࡭ 

˿·Ȼ׼̸ᵽһ־ԭˣΪ SEMδܲãеǮ̸֪ĶϢ֪һ飬 ׾͵ùıгΪ 

ֻĲ²⣬Ҫ·ѻ˵ס 

ڻʲôϵʡ 

鶼ѾزҲ˵ˡȥɳ ˵Ұ㣬ǲǿ԰æ 

·ȻԸ˰ڲҡҡͷȰ˵ҾҸðȻ ôһӦҪΪԼʲô鷳 

·ĬһſڣǲѲŲ÷۵Ľ顣ʼ ͳУ˽Σ׷ȥ 

ʲôʱôˣЩ̵˵ 

·һ·Ȼǰô̧ͷ˵ĽΪˡ ΪҪ㹻֤֤һ飬Ա㡭Աһԣ˵δ ¾Ȼܳ׵ջͬ档 

ԭδȻ²ģ·Ȼüڲ֪ 

Ȼأһɾ޴ŭ𣬲֪ʲô 

ɣ̫ˣ 

Ȼ󡭡ܺߵĽɫýҷţϷͥ 

һӣЩ𣿡Цоڿࡣ 

ҵȷ¶SEMҿڰϷͥǰ 취ͳ˽ºͽ⡣ֻҪֻҪõóҪĿ¾˽ˡȻ ˿·Ȼǰ·һأһ뵽ľΣ̲ס˷  

ǱҧʮʹΪ 

ǲѵġ 

ڲѵ¾ܹʹôɵֶ𣡻ܹߵȽ ײˡ 

·ǺվЩ߳ģ˵ 

߰׵ͷ;ɥεı飬·Ȼĵ̾˿ദ ˣһֱ޷ĸŮУôְ֡һ˼ ŵŭЩ 

Ϊô򵥵ĻΪ˱˾ǮΪµˣҪʱķܿ¡ 

ֻҪڼ߻ʱϣᵽȥȷΪƭһоͺð졣  

г˵ 

Ѿʮ꣬ƭδŮͲˣʹϷͥҲҾĶˣֺͳ׵棬ڷҲԼֻͨڽ˻ŮϲЧáֻҪԼԻŸȥǾ͹ˡ 

Ϊʲôס 

Ϊϲ㡣Ϻڷɻϱ¼µĽ̸ǶġһŮΪκŮôУһ˱ԼİŮ˱ʱĻ䡣Ϊϲ㣬ñ¡öԲ ֻôİĮġĺá 

֪ϲң֪ҸϲǰҪȥ˺ ǲܵ£·ȻһҲϯ߻ᣬϯҲ˵˺Ļ 

¾㡣 

ûа취㣬࡭ҿ԰Ǯ㡣Ωһõġ 

Ǯҵġ·֪ԼĹ˾ǽ塣ô֮ Ҷ˵Ǯҡο֪㿴ûУ׸ȽڡȽڵ֣ʹЩֶɵĽ£ Ǯš 

ڳ׵Ϥ·˭ҲһĻǰŵ磬Ϊʲôȱϯд̫ĿƬ 

ȷ£·ȻҲȷ׻᲻Ǯ̬ʮּûӰ㡣 

㣡˵·Ĺ 

 

һΣûǱǮɹѹأ˾ˣ˾ˣҲ 

ֻԼûң֪Ϊʲôоñѹ ɽˮʹӿ֡Ĳܰ㡣 

㡭Ĳܰ𣿡 

·ȻĬʾȫûء 

ǡðɡǿ 

ٶ˵ʲô·Ȼվ¥ȥ¥ݿʱЩĵĻͷһ·꣬ƳһԤصҪȥ 

·ȻȥϵУһѻһӡ 

֣Ŭϵĵ 

˾ҪûˣһʲôЪ˹ĴСǸ ҵԵݺ 

ڲѵ£·ȻֻôӦµӣҡμӼ߻ᣬ˼ȥˡ 

ģ 

šĬȻĵʹͷ 

 °SEM¥쳣ճһʮ¥޷ ʱķæ 

ڶ¥İ칫һЩļ󣬳ߵƹóһƿʮݵ XO͸߽űȻصشǰ 

󶼻ҹʼˣͷһƬˮֽԵķɵ Ǽ߼ԷʱҹȻֺȻ뵽·Ȼ 

ͷһ۱ˤڵϵ־־еıⲻԺôҲ ȥSEMδܲԻ·ǧ 

Ů߻̹ܵƭƭ 

ҧгݵǰϱ־׽ŵ˻⡣ 

վشǰһǰűڻٶȸһ˪ѩ˻ ϵĸ߽űƵĽһҾƵȸɺͷ 

ƭ·Ȼ˵óڣ˵ 

Ů˹Ȼ޷εĶǰһΣ޷ȡѵٱһأɵǻǽ·ҵŮԵϡ 

ǹ𣿾ȻǸõЦһŮжഺ ӻഺٵŮǶͬ׷ĶЩջ·ȻΪ  

Ȼ᱿ȥһͯ 

νĵȺҲֻһ޳ܵϷ룬˳ƾ ǵSEMȻϣˣ˵úòҡ 

·ȻŰ飬ȻֺķһУٿ ߻˵Իƭ 

ƭ˭ 

·ıֻʹŰѣһŮ˵İĽƺ Ȼʱ޷ȱ˸õôԸݵԭıġ 

ǣ·Ȼ벻κԼԭΪһʼ ƭɣӽĿĵġ 

ȷڶԲ˶һ֣Ϊ·ϵΣˣЩֶƺҲ 

·ҲǴ󵨣Ȼٿ߻ĵڶʹ绰Ҫ˽ºͽ Բãֱӷ˽ºͽҪκͽⷨʵֻ붴Ϥ·Ķ ˽ºͽ⡣SEMǷͥĳʤص¼Ǳ ݣûҪ˽ºͽ⡣ 

֪·ƵƵĹ˾ûʽ תƲҲ·ԵΪǮֻû뵽ʨӴ ڣһھҪڡ 

ڣ׵ɿӿǮ 

·һĳĬΪúͽ̫ߣϸĿ˵ҪҲԣ ԶڡǮˣν־̴žָ  

ԭһǧ顢һٿҲҪͥ ˼һתһĨĹâĿڡ 

·Ȼ̸Ѻü첻ĵ绰ΪҪֱ 

еƭ͸ϵгһҪ档 

ǡ·ԥ 

׮ƭ¼ܺ𣿡һЦʸ̸㡣 

·ԾòԾ 

֪ԥ׽סҩЦֻҪ̸ϡ 

⡭ðɡֳΪĲǮ𣿿·Ȼ棬ǲǮóġǣͳԼʱ֮ܿĹϵ绰 

شһƬҹɫȴΪ·ȻԼʱѵһ ɽĳơ 

Щ˲׼ǺޣΪһ˫ۿʲôںҲ ںһĳЩںˣִֵ̬  

һˣǣǺޣһ㹻ٵԷƽ Լ 

׾һˡ˹ĵǳɹ𺼫˵ʵӣû ֪档 

ΪԼһƣٴνƸˡŨҵľƾ˹µĿ ӣö򸶳ȴƭĺޡǰ£·ȻĽ ԣǣ˫һеһСۣԺиӶȫӰãľߵĻƭ˵ģһȫƭ˵ģΪʲôҪƭңΪʲô 

׵ʹһգءһеĸ߽ű飬мƣʱѪע 

ľȻĿѪëձϡʱϵˣ Ȭأȥҩ 

˿ڣֻߵɳ¡Ƴǽϵʱӣ˵ʮ֡ 

·ȻԼǰ˵㣬Ī麦£ⲻ̫磬һ˵ġŴ˿ҪˣԻ 

ôʱͷͣڶ¥Ŵʱ߸ЬڵذϵȻصʱ˭ᵽȻء 

Ųڰ칫ſͣ˺һš 

Լǰ˵㣬ҼǴʱ𣿡״ʱĴһվͷ·Ȼ 

ҡ׵ɲǣһĳ嶯Įİ·˴˲ʶһ㡣ĸ¼ûյյˣȴȥ  

ֱ죬ĵ绰ӣ˵Ϊˣֻñͨͼ̸Ի¼ĸû뵽ⲢûʹýպתЩ 

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ûκαĿԣΪʲôαġ 

ʱұĵĺܴ󡣡ͻȻô˵ʱ㾹ȻҶҡ 

·ȻмֹͣϵĶȻѹΪֹѪҪĲ𣿡 

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Ǳĸۻࡢ𣿡˵ַ׽סҧһһмΪʲô㲻ңۣӨˮۿдת  

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˭ҵģǰᡣѾʹˣٿ߻ʱˮȺ߻һһ㶵ģ֪Ů˵ˮۣȴ֪ Ů˵ݼ¯ൽز 

һеһжԸģҲ˺㣬ģøס 

֪ڼ߻˵ĻǶô˺Ŀ̸Ѱ̡ڼ߻ϵ᲻Ҫȡͬģгε֮ ײᶮġ 

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ڨЦô鷳ˣֱӿڰɣʡٱһȺĵİԼ߷ ޷ϰࡣ˺Ωһܹƽķʽ 

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˶ҵ£㻹ʲô 

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׵ŭȫ𣬡㣿ʱ㻹˵Ļеʶ 

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㡭˲䣬·Ȼжֻк˵֪Ҫԭ 

ΪܾңɵгвȡˣְҪǱǮûȥⳡϷûκλվĻ𣿡 

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˺ΪǮǱǮҪġ 

ʱǱǮŭ⡣Ҫֵ ˡ 

ΪʲôҪˣܵίٶһˮ 

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΢޷ԭµŭؿȼһظŵۿ·Ȼ·һȥ¶ġ 

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мʱ䣬׵Ķᣬһ뵽Լװ£֪УĶʹֱ 

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ƭʼǳƭ֣ 

ͱ͸֯£ֻͬҰް㷢й 

ҧͬǿ裬ԵĽڳ̵֪ǽŭķйûκθ顣 

׺ܿĴﵽ߳ҳ룬װ뿪źȻϹᡣ 

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׻ôǿģҲΡϣ˭ ûдֻ컯Ūˡ 

ŵûյĳ¼յĻת ֪֪ͬڷŭʱǺܿµģȴֿ֪˵ļ  

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ҵĻֹڴˡǸŮӣɡ顱ȴ׽۷ϲϳף֪Լ·ⶣֻû뵽һпྡʱиĿǰ ͷİȻΪܵĿҲ˵Ȼ 

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֪Ĳ֪жֹ۵Ŀθ顣 

ƿţ߳˳׵ߡϵһ˲䣬ܻ׷סϣվסĽŲ 

һţ·Ȼʧʹޡ 

ΪʲôҪôʹࣿΪʲô 

 жĺȥ٣ִϢ 

⼸·ȻûѧͶԵ١ 

ӳ뿪ҹҲûٰ۵ĳǰ ֪¼δˣȻûյյԾɾܾ ţ̫Ŀܣȴ²˼ 

˼̫̫޷͸ΪˣƹƽУƺ ȽƵһ 

ˣ˼ȴҵýԼĻšֻҪһǣ浽ףûз 侲 

۵ĸ飬ʻȰˡ 

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Щɺģ·ȻڿĳɳϺʱƳ 輸·һСţƤֽʶĸоùȷϡ 죡ͺ 

ǰĸ׵¼Ȼ˻أţƤֽڻ˸޴ˡ ɫӡ 

ôܣ·ȻȻϸȶԵַŷȻд SEMĵַеһ֡ͬĽȻˡ 

ΪԼĴİգҲһȼϣ׻ûյ ¼Ȼ֪ô¾Ϊ˱Ҫ¼  

ֻǡֻʲô̬ȶԴҡҡͷԼ룬̫ һһֵɥʧ 

 

ʱ׸ڹ˾·Ȼ绰˾ȥʱȴ˵ ûϰ࣬ڴͨ绰ȥסȴû˽ֱӵĹԢ  

һʱṳ̂׵ĹԢˣ̧ͷʱĸ߼Ԣ  

ʱûڹ˾ҲûڹԢȥأ 

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һǲӾȻǳ׵ֱᣬ͸粣Կİ ˵򿴵ϲЦݽסԣǸ רλͷ˸޶İŮˡ 

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һֿе۹⿴һۣȻؽŲͷ Ц 

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˳׵ıͬº˪δ˵ǰߵĴ һڡ 

ף˭ءŲһЩƵĿ· ȻҾáǰЩٿ߻ᣬƱƭ·ҵ³ǧء 

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ײĿ˵ѿĻǰҲΪ㻹гɡ 

ҽͶġð亹Сü 

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Цб·Ȼһ̵ۣļһ䣬ҪһΪ·ϡӦ ĸлɡӷ˵·ҵļҷƺǮء뵱· ΪǮԸĸ飬ʤ鶼ó ֵۣðĸԪأSEMƸʦеһλ֪й·ҵ¡ 

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ʵϣҡ·Ȼ˿ŭֻίܡ 

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ڰȻ֪˵ġѡָδǼ¡һ ȿֿԶžԺٺ塣 

ʵδޡǰ죬ΪһЩSEMĹºͳ˼ҿ ȵʱһżߴʳ˭űһЩýߵ ˼ӣѾܲˣǷ̵ķǼһ䣬˵δޣŲţ  

֮ʮǿӲ̬ȲܲɷãϱˣЦԷ SEMδܲһ׮δЪִ鵽ý ֮ḻҲ˵˾ǶǵĻǾȻдһƪһǧֵ  

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ô㵣ܴ̼󣿡֪Ϊʲôʹû˵ȴܵó ·ȻвͬС 

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ľȻĵɳϣû뵽ԼĶڲƽ֮ҲȥҪԭĸջأɰתɺޣ֪ʹ  

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·ȻҲŵǡ飬Ҷʲô˻ɡһ˵Ϊ̫ģһоͱûգЩ Ҫ˰ɡ 

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·Ȼۻһ·䣬ڵ͸ܲżϡվ ֻȹϲŭ֣ÿȽڡӵĲż С 

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Ȼڼ𣿡ŲźͲ̹Ժʹ꣬Ҫǰһ Լĵص㣬ڳϰ·Ȼ¼ų·ĶԻ󣬺ܿŪ¼ȥ 

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ȻŽ׵ضķ񲻻ҡͬ˴ˣһ ܶԷıѣоΪԷõĹʱ˺ԷΪΩһƽķ  

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