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 1 

һü¾ûӵɫҹ֮пЩįżһĨƴǰƮسסվá
īŵ̾һġһ˸વҹĵּСһƬİˮѱ棬īִסܵЩӡ
ۡۡǰ˳īע⣺ҹ·ţǰ߳Ĵīһԭ̤˼ͣ¡Ծīǣ·ߵ
˩һ֦Ҷïܵī㵽С·һïʢĴСĵΧ·ϵΧܾھݹϷЩīѾϰְΪߵĶĶô
ԽԽīһӰԶͷǸſ಼ŵŲЬԼ֮ӣһһСһϹһ塣
ʱ֣˶ͭ࿪·ҪʲôīӴ߹ŵжӲֵЩ˶϶˻ֽīһȻ˺ЩˣǴ˵еĸʬֻ֪һ˿Ӧôˡīѵõ±ӿ
ͷī˨ķȥīһһɽֻһ£ǰʬӣסϽһҡеʬһվ÷·ѵصı¡Ӳ˲Ŀʬӣüͷ

īԼ˨ĵطδƥѾҵ̤ڵϷյ֮һҲʲôˡīϵʱһ˷ϣƥոջ쳣˿ڵϳ鴤š
īĿһݣֶ彣һĴ˵ĺѣûκζĶƫīҪ̵λãֻǽƤʱīָһбա
˱֮δ¶ǵתīЩϣǳīȻм㣬һƮȻ˺󼸳߳ƿ˰˵òɵýüб˷һôᡭһδйֺһٶīһڰֳһŰ׹ⷭ˵Ҫ
ʱ˵Ķһת෴ķȥīгһͽŰ˵ĺֻҪǰݽܶ˵ĲֻܰͷնҲδ֪
⵱һĨһ˳īĳһº͵ڳī𣺡ĪҪʬ
ֻôһգ۵Ĺ򣬰˼ʧںڰ֮СīһһϮʧķתųˡ
ִջزڳīϵ˿׵Ǹƶܿʬ
ɱҵīһü
ϵıһϣ±˵ƶ㡣
ʲôʱ򣿾֪˱Сʿ⵰һδмҲҡΪʲôҪôһǮ īʡǳīթҫʲô󵨸óīƥǺңԳīİһҪѵöˡ
ųīĻߵԺ鿴ڵѾ͸˵ƥСţﾹȻнʬû
ʬīƲӶ棬ĽС
ͻȻ̧ͷâһīĲѾ˿˺üȦǰɣһ˫ɱ֡
īĴ߹һĨЦΪĳǽʬĻôӦûԸҵķӣһ¡
˿վһ˫۾ֱֱصųīīޱغšһֱֵҪ׹ӹǽڷһչ˿ͬһһӳīĲðɣƶ㡣ƥǮƶ취㡣
ʲôʱ򣿡īĿûдӵƿָֻԼ޳ľӡ
ӵ϶ʱбĺδȾ󣬿ĲǸǮˡ
ī۾˵ˣϷģҵ򵼣ԼҵƥͨƥһƥҲҪʮҵӣһҲ󲻳ȥοԶֹʮӡ
Ӵ󾪣⡭
ôīںڵͫһתбҪ˲ɣ
΢һüƶЩߵʬȫ͵磬ʦ֮ȥ
ãСʿһȥ
㡣Ƴһ۽׹תһĽͣڲԶʬһ
īıӰһ˦ȥ

īۿŶ۽ǺﻹռЩ͸ˮĻò˫Щͭӣӵ΢΢Ĵ£īɫ͸һֽĶ
ɣЩǮһڱ׸߰ɡ
Сʦһ·ôȮͻЩǮ°ɡ߰Ǯȡһžϯǵƽڶֳϵһ˵ʬϣ̧𳵰ߺһФӣȥɡųˡ
ֱ͵ıӰӳ̾˿תȥīںĬ
ʱѾʵˣ˵Ǵˣɽ峿ҲˡӴּ߽䣬һ峺׵Сӱͣ£ˮϴϴīںӱߵʯͷ۾ȥģ
Ӧ츮վ˦˦ϵˮ˵
һα˦ˮڳīüģī̧ȥ㻹Ҫ׷ǰ˵ʱ
תһ˿ȣ֪
īԼմˮָ⣬һ̣Ȼʬ׸Щ˲Ƕ˸Ȧ᣿߲ʮǳӡ
ӵͷЦܲ򵥰
Ǹ˺Ҫĵһյİȫīַ£Ŀⶨϡ
סЦ˵ƶʦ֡
ԭˣôʲôʱʬģ
ʱ򡣡ӿųī
ǡī͵͵Ц㻳ǽʬ
ûк
īͷǣҲΪǽʬ
üʲô
ʲôǺǣ㲻֪𣿡īѵҲ˾ûʸҪҵƥ
䴹׵ƶΪǳȷʵ֪ʲôʧƥƶᰴҪ⳥ǣ㲻ٺ
īߵǰ޳ָ°ͣ˸ģǳЦҷ࣬Сʿ˵īա
ӻӿī֣ɫ׵ĵųī
īΪĳ˳ǣԼĳҸС
ϪӰУϪסƣ߸˭ࣿչ𡣷ǹɣһһˮ




 2 

īҹ˶ղŵӦݣھصĽ籮ǰӽԼİīڴ˴Ⱥƶǰȥʦǰ᷵
īӹ˵ûмȳīԣһϮɫٿȻԶȥߡīеߵ·ѰһһΪ̫̫ɹҲӵڡ
˾ݾ͵éɽѾԿɫۻ߻ɫµĴСʿ߶īڲĴԶɽһûһŲɵ˵˽һûоѱ档мʿ·ʱĿ֮һЦ

͹٣СҪˡ
īۣǰһɫ̴İܽǵС˶ЦЦѾһƬڣīͷһݸСˣǸƮƮİ뿪˲
Ȼ᣿īվڽ籮ǰİοһ˿֮⣬̧ͷһɢŨŨҹɫ֮С

žһѩ׵ϣʢ߰ߵǳ
˵ʦֵǲ㹴ģһɫڣƺƲɫ멵ϵʿڴ֮ʹڵֻŰµˡ
˹ֱֱģϵʿҡҡͷ
ٴ򣡡
ղ˵ԵСʿһִۣߵžžִ
ʦ֣ĪҪٴˡһվϵʿֱ縳׵ĵʿ
ϵʿһ˦ŭǲٴ򡣡
׵ʿתͷŹڵµֹ˿һ۵ͷ
ʦ֣Ī˰ɡִСʿ˵㿴ʦ嶼ˡ
׵ûгֻǾǿֱ̡ͦ
ƻͨһֱֵҹûɿڣϵʿ˷ԸȰ׹ص񷿵ȵڶãСʿɢˡ

һȳ°ڲԣ͸񷿣¹ʹͶӰ׵ϣڰ׷
ʦ֡׵Ŀղĺڰ･Զ

顢飬ʦ٣ţʦ٣ͭţʦ١ͷȡǰ󲻶󲻶Ҳһָ˵Ͳ̧֣Ťزҡ϶ǣǣ̫ϾһŶͷСѾǵŨüк｣ָһָ׺һ׵ʱá
ʲôʦĵӰ㲻ãʩкӴһ̵õΧ߸ӵĸ͡
ǴʦȻʦôһ¾Ͱסء
ǰǰʦֺ
ױ˶ð֣ҲŲԼʦ⣬һСͨ졣
ճɵŨüкգգۣߵǰЦ˵׺ɽҵС÷Ȳ֪˭ÿ
С÷С÷
С÷סɽÿոͲ˵ҵСŮԼĪ˾ͣЦüۣǳǳУƯĺһ京ŵɽ軨СͯÿοͲ˶Լʦ׽Ūһ¡
ճɵкҡҡͷ˵ʦҲͦÿġ˵᲻Ůװ쵽ģСǰЩӵɽȥͷһԱԱһ͸͵еС˽ľӾĹ¡
ʦ֣ѿ֪ˣһȱС̶ͯ˵
ԣԣѾ֪ˡСһֽʲô׵ˡ
׿ճɵкһ˫ִֵĺִԼϣͿʼۿת
ԣǼԽԽˣʵһü۵̨ʰϣʦ˿ǡ
ʦ֣ԼæԼһ˫ڨڨЦţʦǧ߷ʦ塣
ԸǰϳɵĸֶСӣ궼ʮһϢ
ʦϲǼƵûšĸ첲
ˣʦأȥɡǼʦ岼µĹ𣿡껷ΧԼΧһСͯ
˼˵ǿͰ͵س겻Ը
סһЦˣˣҲ߷ʦ壬²Ϊ
ŶСͯһȺ̨ףĩ˳Իͷһʦ֣߰
˻֣Զ˻ع׽˶䣺Ƿʦͽܣ
׿˵ͷ
꿴ǰ˫Ѿһ£ݵСʦЦʣʲô꼸ˣ
ףꡣϧ
éʦǱߵĵӣĪࡣסףߣҴȥʦЩ첻һûٱ۸
ʦʦĪʦְ͵͵һĪɫ͵Ĳѹʦǿϳʦ֡

գ꣬һ³Եéǰһ״éײԷҹʱ֮ǰʵ١ĲõȵȹڴСɨһ¡
վéһ׿ģһԹ췣˳ȥԿսͦεıӰɵֺּޣæʦ˳׷ף㣬㣬һôˣ׿ҲһԹšԺ޺޵һվԭأתȥˡ
ź죬ϵĶ㲻ѩҲֳ䣬οɽⲻƮѩҹʱѩƬӾͷ׷ˮͰ߽˹ָĨˮͰͰｦˮӵϲһͽ˱
Īʱĵվǰ
ʦ֣
ĪеĨ˹ȥʲôʱܲô񣿡
ʱĪٷ΢΢ͷҧ´ĪྭéɽȥһЩɽµȻ֪׺ͳЩϵŵĸԵɾ
ʦ֪ίˣ´γʦһʦ˵һȥڹ۸ˡĪ˵Ŵָ׵ͷϡ
šʦ֣׶Īͨͨ͵ָ
Īࡰ͡ЦסС֣ٹˣ

׵ĪһɽһȾ꣬ÿһοĪ౻éǰ߹ĿĪ뿪
ڣΪɽ»֮Ϊ˺ܶˣпɽéЩߵʬͻؼ磬éѹеĵӶɽĪ͹һʬ׻֮éҪȥ͵ڶΣͬһСʿȴϴθʬ;бʬҧˣﵱʱ˿éʦֵһɽ׺Ī˶Ը˽ɽȥˡ
һҹУͬ齶ߣͬʳһ·еȴҲֻĪڵĵڶϾĪʬ䣬֮Ѱһ·ҲûмĪࡣ

ʦ֡նǰһزָǶ֨ѽһ񷿵űƿˣͶһӰ





 3 

֨ѽһ񷿵űƿˣͶһӰ׾Ļͷ˭
ҡӦǳԴ
ͬһű˵Ĺ
Կ񷿣һ˫λεĻۺ޼ɵĴ׵ɨ׵ϣ˵أʦܣ
ױͲ԰׵ԡ
Ȱס׵죬һֻһ˦һѸֵ絽ն˸׽׵СʦҶõù
һ㶣ųڵƤҪʲô
ԶһԼķʴϣֵһ׵ͳ˲񷿣ıʦײ
ʦ壿׵ʱͬһ飬һصɽʦûȥͱſڵļʦסéʦǰéʦĪ϶·Ǹֺ֪Īʦ֣ڴС鷳ĳͻȻǰ͵͵˳ᵽÿμ涼˵ϻʦ塣
ʦ壬Ϊ˭أһСŴĺȥһ˵
ʦΪʲôҪң׸ǲףʦȻ浫֮û˵һôẦԼ 
¶˭֪ء׶ʦ嵽ʦʦ˵㹴˴ʦ֡ŵĴ򿪺׳ȥߣҷҪȳ˾ʦǲҵ뷨Ūô¡
׸ųɽܣ˾Ӱصĵطߣǰ治ͣ˵˵˭ɱ˴ʦҶţΩ˵ҲšʦȻڹһʦȥ㣬˭ĸʦֵõģʦĻ˶ʦȻţ֪ʦʦʲô
ԵĿͻȻһ˺ɿ˹Ĵ֣ҲһƺߡһӺסԣһͷȻһذûԵСֻ֮ʣ
ʦҡһͷֽɫԷ縵۵ʿЦĴǰʯƵת˳ߵ¹£ʦͺ׸һ
ʦ壡̤ǰһüסԿıּŭصǰʿ
һƾʲôʦܱȣ
ʿĿתֻ̬֣ûʦɣ
ޣ³һѪˮ۸󣬡ʦ߳ж㣿
𣿡ʿɤҲԵĪԴӼܣԵ
ȿȣҺʹʦֵòġ
ŵ׾óԵײɵöЩա
ߡ﷽ʦҲ˵ʿΪʦҲɹ
ϲʦɣ˵ЦǺ
ȻôʦԼһ仰ûԭ
ʿһֱŵ׵۾ĺĵҹ͸ĺ״ս
ʿٿ⣬һͦϡһĽʿһ˫ֵĽɫе˳ԵĸֵһǱзľŵпڵµĳԵ¸ײһ˿ɳסʿ󣬳Ծƹһŵ˵ʿ󡣵ʿһֵıпڴ׵˿ǣ˿ԵĸֵˢĿ˿ûԥʿתֵıзɳû˳ԵĲԵĸֵ˵ʿҼӺ͸ʿһĲҽС
ߡԵѾܱϣߡСס
һʷļҲʼδġ͹ףҡǰͨ£ǺͲڲͣƬ졣
ʿҧϢŴӵϵ˿Ϊղŵı΢һɱʿشӳԵĲϰԼıתףߣֵˡ
δ䣬һǷɵӹʿǰֻʣ˳ԲѪʬ塣
ˣأأ
տĺɽֻʣǲŮľС

ʱīڰߺȲ裬ڿ֮ǰΪġ
ˣīûлͷͳ׵ĶΪҪʳԡ
״ӴߵԼɤӣ룬Ǵĺɫ׵Ŀīʲô
ī΢Ц̧ۣ˵أ
ʲôģ
˵ġ
ʲô˵ģ
Եġ
һѪϡİѪӳһɷǻۡ
īһοѪ˷ѡ˵úȡ
㡭üͷ
Ѿˣʦɱģֻ˳ǣѡīĲ룬Աߵĵһݵġ
׽ӹĿתĿųī
ȥ˯ˣʱ·
δīĵطѾˣȻߵĵϡ̶ʱգͻıʣԼЩġ

һƬڵʱīˣûƵƣīݹһѣһšīһüһѽһͽϵĵ³롣ױľȻȾ˾ȵĺ죬æץס˻ȥѡ
īһ˫ͫںڰ֮и΢΢ţһ˿Цһţְ̧Ѷ׵Ļϣ·ˡ
ī״ӷʱջֻʣһҹСڹ̨īһ̨Ҳ˵Կų˿ջְæŴ۾ޱĸں档
Ƶػε˳ſڣ̲סڣҹﲻš
˭˵ҪŲܳȥ
īһչֲ嵽ҸֻӰһԽ˳ǽȵ˵ϡƲӳī˹ٵҪԽǽ˵
īվԭζĿ˿ıӰŲӸȥѪһζ
һ䣬īȴٶЦӯӯĹ˹ٵ߲ȥС·׽һɫں档

ö䣬ѾԿһĨǰס׼ǰ泿ֳ֮ģĴᣬīվסǷͷ˵ǰһ˼ҽޡ
״ǰ߹ͣ»ĪҪ度ˣ
ī·Ѱ˿ʯͷ£ЦԣҪʦ֡
׿͸ϲȴźۼ֪Ķ
ǰɡȥҸطޣϺü
ϲֳɣô֪Ķɫ֮Ǿ
ȥǡīƺġ
׿˿īһתһ
īͲóһɫĴƿοƿ͵ߺ̲סüʵĹȻѺȡ




 4 

īڴһŴߵ˼ҽޡһ˵ļңһĿڵӣԹ緹˱Ӿĳׯȥˣ׾վڷſڿ΢۵𲻶Ĺ⻪īϣŪǸտҲĺɫƿŴ⣬ε۾Ҫᡣû͸ˮΰɣīĵݳһ̾Ϣ
㡭
ģҪɱҲҲʸ񡣡īض׵ĻǸƿװͲᵽϣʦֲɱġ
˽ϷţվǰųīΪʲôҪ⣿
ī۾ĴĿյط˵Ի֪
׳Ĭһһ˵غ˴ûУֻǺͳīָһȭľ롣īһ˿Ц⣬һӴס˽ɹ˵չ⡣

ʱ֣˵ĶгԷֻһȥˡ׳ʱīȻڴ˯ÿйڳī̵ϣôһ˲
ţ©⾪˳īŨӢͦü΢΢һ۾Ϲһ죬ȴĿֱֱؿ׵ˣ
š䵽洲ͬʱϣһռһƬ谵ڴϣȥīǲԽԵʲô
˯ɣҹҪʦ֡ī˵
ѸٱĿ۾ԺһӰ

ҹ룬Ů˵ļкҰèžԭĴӡī׳ǻӵ˼Ժʱһ޳İɫӰѪ˶СӵûŲ·
ʦ֣׳һ˲īѾĪࡣ
īһַŽһֱվĪǰסȥ·Īཀྵԭͷصš
ǰߣĵлԶīҲĪ࣬Զ׼ĲмΪ㣬ʦѾɱ˳ԡ
ĪȻ̧ͷʵѪճϸ΢İɫëܣ
Լīڵķ̧̧°͡
Īתߣб棺Сס
ʦ֣ᡣ˵ſī
ǣīЩεЦһʦǲɱ
ĪࡣĪһ̧ͷīЦӳɵһҡҡͷ
׵ĿĪƵīϣִӳīƻĪϣ˵ʵ
ﲻǽڡī׺ĪŷΧѾۼԽԽĴ񣬻Ѻ͵ƵĹӳǵϺͮͮġŻ⣬Īض
ߣīһץסĪѩɫһֽ׳ת˲Ѿ˴ʮ֮
īδؾ֣Īûзһµڵϣһ̤īĽŽȵ¡
ʦ֡߹ȥĪ࣬Īһסվ
īѾеԱ߹ͺͺһֳϥ֧°͹ǵĿˡ
Īתƽȵĳīĵڿ˵ˡ
īšһ˵ǳһ죬ʦ֣˵ѪãֻһЩɥ
ʦ֣ײȥĪ࣬Ī΢΢ױʾī˵ġ
ɱ˭ˮ
ĪԥòſڣɱҵĲˣҲɽʬĪ̧ۣϿʲô仯ʦ˵ɣ
˵ڻƵۺȵľսг֡
ҾʱԲš˵Īص̾һ
û˵ֻڱسûôᵽ
Īҡҡͷû
νĪŮɣīʳָ°Ħţݴ˵죬ңܹ任òԻˡ͵ʬ𣿡
һ˼˵٣һκ˲˵
ֻǡ
īһ˿ײ©׵ĶԽǱԽ˷˵ĺʱ̫ڻʵۼݱ»ʵȻλǣ»ʵεͺݶʹλ֮ŻǰﶼǷδ
ȥʾʦ
Īһ⵽׵ķԣʦ֣ҪѰ·
СףҲȥʦ㿴ҲӦá
ʦ֣㣡
λʦֲ飬ɡ
㣡Ī˳īһۣ׽ͣСףҪ˵ǣǡ
͡һīЦ㲻
װһۣʦ֣ô
ҡĪֹֻĿסס
ʦ֣׵üͷɵʱѾһ𣬴˿̶Īһ˫ڰ׷۾չ
һֱڸ㡣Сʿвҡī彣վ⵽Ī߽ɫҰ׵Ӵͷϸһ飬ΪӦԶʦܣҶʱ㻹ͼһɢôֲᷢΧ˺ɣ
ҡ
ĪǺɻʦܵģɱɣīͷֵ¾úЦ˴˿Ӧû˵Ǹعɡ
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ī˳ǣҪʦˡ۽һƫֻصĪ࣬˵ʦ㣬ʦݰ￪ĵطûٸıؾ֮·š·Ѿ֪ʦܱػ᷵ңֱȻھݾ˵Ķ𣿡
Ī಻˵ֻͷ
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īƣ֪ͺá
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Сף㡭
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УС׸ȥҲҪȥ֪Щʲô⡣
īбĪִࣺʲô⣿
㣡
Ϸˣƶʦֵܻ᣿׳ԣסīĻ棬˵ºԼĪҪ£㾹Ȼļƽƥ
īԼ֣ĴָزŽϵĵ·һѾĥƽˣ֮£ҡ 
Ѿ˼ƽϣô׶סҪ˵Ľڣһ˿Ц⡣
ī̧ۣվ¹£䣬ƺҲŷâī㱾øܵϾûеֻôݵһ£ȴ֪й©į
Īļ磬ĪЦʦĪҪ룬ֻǸ򵼡
㼸ʱ¹ɽô򵼣Īٰ㲻ġ
̧ײī߼䣬ֻĿһϳī֪ҪʲôԸһͬ棬īĪ۾˵òҪո˰ëĺëʬ
㣡Īһ˫۾ųīҪ
īȴΪ⣬֪ĪȻȥڻҼŭԼ϶һ̤һ˫Ѽŭ
ʱˣǰҸջͶްɡëʬʦڿɻ⣬Сʿī̧ͷһ־Ҫ׹ɽİ˵
ƶʦֵա
Ͷ˵ɣ㲻ĺëʬʦֻҷĻī˵Ѿ˲ȥˡ
׵һֻúĪ׷ȥ




 5 

ҵջŵʱǼʱ֣ĪΪջ˶ʢʼжٻ·ҲԽӲСųī˶¥īƹҪ˶¥ƧϷһ䷿ţСλ͹٣λס⣿롣
īһץסĪıԸСţλүȥû˽б
ϣүСӦһͬһ뿪
īһƽĪ򴲱ߣĪû˿Ӧֱͦͦĵ˴ϡī봲ԶӱϿš
īҡ
ûϿۡīһһ˵
Ŷ룬īѲ棺ȱ͹ȥݡ
ûֱߵߣȴĪԭϲ˴ĺëһ˫۾ţƤΪۿݶ͹ϣðɭĿĪҲܿϸܵĺëȻָǰعֱڴͦš
Ťͷīǡ
˵أīڰŪǸɫĴƿ
װĪҲƵϷ´ʣִóһ˼ýָڷһȻѷ˴ϡ
Сʿڻҳȥܡ
ƶסƶʦĪһ֡ī棬ƶʦܳȥµССĴŵ
СС˵ôḯīԺҸǰ˵ƶˣǵҵĽǵȻѧǰظ
Ƕ˶û˵
ī߰ɣϢȥ
һ۴ͳīһȥˡīڵظ׸ߵſڣҪŽȥ˿Сͷһ䷿ײײ˳ţˣˡ
׷ӦīѾ˵Сߣǿڴ׵ĵСһѣС磬ʲôôţ
˾ŵĵСѿڵˣ⣬䷿סĿ͹٣˵СȻԼʧ̬ϼһ˿ЦԲסүСģСȥƹġһЦһҴ¥ȥˡ
߹¥µСʧķһۣ˵ôˣ
ⷿסˣСȥƹˡīӰ뿪ķͷ
üҲȥʲô
úøɾ
ô֪
īЦЦСʿȻطȥϢɡ
أ΢΢ǡͬĪͣī۴Ƕ˾Ƿ
ȹٲʬīջĿ⣬еſϡ
վ¥ݿڵԱߣҲ뿴˵ôġ
īײЦ˭֪˶ˣѪԼŵûùȻԼȥ˵Ѫ
׿˿Ц۾ת˸¥ݿڣǶػ߶ĵС
˵ûжþͼƹĴżٲ¥ˡƹǰ·ȻͷҲǵͷЦˣ롣
һͷɴǰ׺˻𿲹ӵڽǴƤ׾Ʋֺ˵ͷƹ¥װȸƽһʽɫ첼
ɴϵ¥īײɵáţһƹġ
ƹæ͵λСͶ޵Ŀ͹٣Ǻǡ
ȻͶ޵ģΪβڷЪϢӴųʡ
⡭⡭
ˡīǰҶ˱ҪطЪϢСⷿɫȻǰѯ֪ⷿĿ˱ڴˡҶͨڴ˵ȴǴ깫°ƹȥȥ˺ڴˣǡ˵ųīбۿƹġ
ƹЦ򣺡ллλ͹١
ӱ߳һһ˫۶ԳīҿǱȲ뾹޴Ȼǹ֮˵
Ŷ˲Ź֮˵īЦʡ
ֹţǹ֮˵ֱЦ˵̧̤Ǽ䷿ƹĺͷ¹¸˽ȥһаӿŵģнݲʬ׵ģСĲ鿴ģĿͷʱԵøӵˡ
īݣֻڷ⿴š׹վߣҲ˾;ؿæµ
ƹģʲôʱסǵģʡ
ǰչͶ޵ġƹĻص
ϣ
Լ˵̫ԭϡ
̫ԭӿһƹģ̫ԭЩ룬˵
شˣС˾Ͳ֪ˣģˡ
ŶӵӦһʡ
ةˣڲ޴򶷵ĺۼһ𡣡鿴֮
Լӡšһƹģԭӣ
ƹĵͷǣˣֺ
ڴ鿴ʬؽԼĪʬ鿴֮һةǰةˣʬֻһ˺ۣھ࣬ƺƺ
ƺʲô
̲ס˿վһǸԼЦһ˵ةˣƺǱʲôҧġ
ҧģةߵǰ̽ͷ棬īı鶯ֻĬһµ⣬Īߣ
ˣ񡣡ղʬ˵
Ŷةֱͷվ
ҧӦûжļ󣬿ȫжӡ
ǵˡة뿪ߣ˼Ըƹģ䷿ҪסˣһжҪ
ǣǣˡ
Ǽʬ̧úú鿴
ǣˡӦһʼְ˽ŵȥŲϵʬ塣
ة÷Ϸ·ڿֵĳīסߡһһ˦¥ȥˡ
̧һʬӷˡһԼĪʮˣȳơȻҲȻüĿģľԲԲСĿǳ
׿ʱסɫһüͷīȴɫ
ƹ¥Щٲߺţס̾
īЦ˵ƹģ߿ɱģҸղڷҲˣĻûжڴˣ㲻õֹⷿ
лл͹١ֻƹҡҡͷٶ¥ȥˡ
ƹıӰʧ׿ڵС
īҡҡͷʾԼط
˻صīµ˱Ƶ棬֪Ȥ˹ȥнʬû
ԼãīֿʼŪǸɫƿӣĿⶨƿȦ϶ĽɫߵĶϺ֮ϡ
ûп˲ϵҧۣ
īƿС˯ɡ˵վ˷š
ȥ𣿡׸
īͷ۽׹ǣʳ
δ˿ˢķɳīϣīһѾϣȴͳǺëʬʦֶͲҪ
֪ҵҲֹֻջ˿£üĿ֮ȴȾŭɫ




 6 

ī˿ջŽŲڽţĿⲻɨҰÿһˡʱѾʱڳīԾɴźʵɫ䳤۸עĿܶ˲tһ̲֮סڶۣȻΪˡĸһҲǷǳ˵ġīΧ̾ۻ򼵶ʵĿͨͨӶֻǰš
ֹ˸䣬īͿſڰ˻ߵɫʯʨýǰſİǽŽ֡áҶţǰ˵ׯɡīסƲ죬һССƷ֪ؾų
õΧǽһīҵһΰһԽΧǽ档īĵطõĺ԰ȥ԰ڱ鲼ǳһĴɫʯ̾͵С֮䡣ʯ·ûתһԵɫ¶ʯ񻨣ӳīǸźҶԱ̲ϿջǸةͼ˴ʱˮͤ˵ʲô
ûܣīƳǼһҡҷȥΡŵةվīʧĵطŻ˻ͷ£ԼΪԼۻˡ

ڰ˯ǸةͬһȺɫ׺òһ̲סֺһ̣ĶӦîûþ͵ˣ
۴Ӱ̧ͷ곤һתۿſŵ˼æ˳ûѵǸǰҾλˣСǲʱ͵˵ʲôȴ곤һѣ˴˻񣿡æ
ˣˡôͽǶͬȥʬڴġЦ˵
л֪شˣл֪شˡ곤Ҫ˵򹪡
ˡ
֪ةҪ˵ʲôֹ̧֪Һ뿴ߵʬס
ǣǣ롣곤֪غةͣʬȥں档
ͣʬ곤Կ׿ƿŹλˣ롣
֪Цŵͷݣة۾ʱӲŸ˽ȥں档
ͣʬһľĴŵ涼ŰײӣŴðײһˡ֪ߵǰ곤æײҿ¶ʬ֪ϸĿ˿ʬ壬ְߵҲֱ¶Ψһһ˿ڡ
ˣкμ⣿ةʣǫϵıȴδضǴŵĳЦ⡣
С
ڣˡӦ
̷ʬ֪šһ˫ϸŨڵüëԸ
ǣˡӦһתͣʬ
˸ˣһɽӴķƽɫͷаѰһŴ̯ʬõһӦ
֪ءةֱ֪֮طԸһ족㶯ʬ
ߵƷһһ±ڰϷܱʼ顣
߱ѵáȫ¶ϵ´ǰһ飬ʱľáòˣ֪ʣʬ壬Ǵ˿Ƿʲô𣿡
п˿ʬصشˣʬ壬Ϊֹδʬߡ
ǵľ˶ã֪ؿ
Ӧĸʱˡ
һûʬߣ
شˣʱҾͻˡ
֪صͷ˼ĸʱûʬ߳ȷʵǲϳġ
곤˵֮ѪֹͣУѪɰߣ̣֮δʬߡ
̧֪ͷ
˵ѾûѪѪС
⡭Щ˼֪ؿ˵
֪شˣ˵һЩ顣һԵ̷ڡ
뽲
»׵ĺӣ۾Զ游˵ڱһԻɣܷ
Ǻͱкιةԡ
ةˣ˵ꡣةֵÿ˾Ѫ游˵ڱؾһҧˣ״ߺΨһͬĵʱ沿飬˵˵ı龪쳣ǴȴǺܰꡣ
֮»ŮɲǴ˵гֵħ
ةˣԷ顣游ǿͬؽ𻯣ҹʬ䡣֪ش˼
лָ㡣֪׵Ե
Ҿףָҵҵ֪ش˰
֪˰񣺡ġ
ЦǺǵùʬ¼֪أˣм¼鿴
֪ؽӹһͷֻںһ㣺ȵ׽᰸ʱټӸǵӡ
ǡ
ȵɣȥ׼õϡ
ǣˡһ˵ȹ͡
֪ͣʬͷüͷȥϸչúէһֽЯһ綵ͷϮ޸֪֮һһʽſֽһת֪ؾһƽƽƳһϵĹٷӡ͡һѿǸֽ˳ƺɨĲ֪ȴȥɴһͷڷɢ֪һüָױֽֽ˱ʽ죬һתŸղűסĹϣһУ߽Ⱦ졣֪һ־ָ̣˲أһתԼٶȥ
ֽ˲׷ϣֻѼڵͳĨĨϵѪȻѽĲ˽֮УЦ⡣

īصջʱ磬ĵ̫ʼİԵ
ĴûзţڴϣΪֻһĺϹճһÿī۾˴ϡ
ϵһţϵ˵ͷָĥԼ彣ϵĻơһֱɫʱһߵߵŴİ
׷´ҪȥţīҲҪȥţ˶һ۶ߵſڣţվǵСһλӸµӣЦλ͹٣ȣС׼ϴˮλҪ
С
ûС
̲סһۡ
ͬʱش𣬵СεͷҪϴүȥǳȥ
ȥī׻ش
ϣ̨СģСĴȥ
ллī˵һŹˡ
׵īЦЦĿף޳ָڽصš
أĺɫĺϣһƬ谵˵ı鶼ĺɫģˡ̲סȺɵҾȡ




 7 

أĺɫĺϣһƬ谵˵ı鶼ĺɫģˡ̲סȺɵҾȡ
ԣīü͵Ц
Цʲô׵ΪŭȾ˼ɫ
īŵ۾ͫ΢Ц㡣
һԲųī˫۾ŭ㹻īʮΡ
ī˫ֱ磺ιҪɱң
ճȥȻ
ŶԼã
˾Ѫܲ
ī뿪ƲǰȡǸɫƿĦţھɱҡ
ûīɫһϣһ˫ŨܵĽë²
ôҪ֮Ȼɱ᣿ī΢΢Ϲ
վԭز˵ΪéɽɵĴˣʦҪеҪħǰɱѪƱҪģǡ
īûתֻಡһǸɫƿӼͷӳ̧ǴƿŶһ׽ƿסɻؿī
ȥʦ֣㲻ҹȥȻֻһСƿȴѪľڡ½ʦһҪ
ĴƿֿǰīıӰתųȥˡ
Ƭ̹ͬĪһĪϵĺëѾȥָҲ˻ȥɫް΢ٻһЩͬһûʲô
īλãŶǶ˽ʾ¡׺Īһ˫˫
ҽȥһáī˿ڵǸڿջ˲ڽʬ֮֡ͨʬҧ˲ôƽЩӡ
׺Ī඼̲סüͷ˼˽ʬʲôĪǲ׳ī˵ʲô
˴ȷʵнʬ֪أѾЩСī˵ʦĿľշǽʬ
ôʬĪʡ
īͷ˼Ѫ̽
ĪЦЦ˵ʬµǼۼϵѪЩá
֪ԼĪаϣѲչˣܸ޳ɲáīʦֵ⼸սúϰһ£ʱһע֪صһһ
á
õ˿϶Ĵ𸴣īãȻ˵ôҾͲˡ
ȥĶī߾ʱѿڵ
īͣ²Ӷһǣ֬ء
ײٳųīСš

ݪݡīվſڿϺ׽īС˵¥
վݪſ޵Ĺǿīǰһ
Ӵүǳɣ
үɣ
үĹûһӹ֬׷۰ƣư
īЦŵ˵ͷȺߴߴ˵ͣŮǴӵŽ˴ʱƳϣǲǻȺɹֵЦǶ˹ҡһװ˵̨ӣ̨ϴᱡĸභޡ
֮أīһ۾ɨ̨ǰһӡȻһĲɫδñһͷԭʿŨܵɫ˾˭˶̲סۡ
īѰһԶĿ£ҪϺõľƲˣֵݪݵͷơʱѾźڲ࣬µĹӸǲӶġīҪݪݵͷڨڨЦ˼λүǵͷƹЩӱ˰ˡ
ŶīЦЦؿơ
ǲɣүžƱ͵īǰȣҪһֲ
īӹƱŵָ̨ǰǸͷɢ˵ɡ
үǺе˵ʲôʲôġǸʹӲࡣ
īЦЦʣڴ˴ҹ
һ˫¶һŻ˵ģȻҹ
ҰͷƸĹ
һЦ˵ͷ˵Щȥˡһ˸ɻ̶ȹĹһŹˮ۵ҲƯ
īǸͷɢ˵ЩʲôĻʱʱĸ赹ơ

ҹɫ̨ϵĸԵɺ½ӵŹ˴īͷɢʱһӵĹ΢ǹװߵذһȥ
˷䣬īߣϣǹһ˫ֱĿƺڴīһǽӡȥǹﲻĺ۾īǴջ˲۵ľɫ֣īһ߸µһ߽һ˫ļҧһĨɫµŮԺݳ͵͵
µŮӴϢʱī˳ȻͷѪ˲ϣͬδҧīָĨĨǣһۻ˯ڴһŮӻǱ˸ڵķ䡣

һͷ˷˴˿ڴڴԵŮӲ䣬ϵŮ˫۽ڴڵȴǺܵӡ
īγڴߣǸ˵ļ硣˶ݺݵתͷһ˫۾ź⣬մѪ
˵ŭĿӳīŷδֻŽʣҹɱǸҲ㣬𣿡
δش𣬴ϵŮӿʼīһһѶ̵һɶ̵ΪŪһٶ֣û뵽㵹Ǽ͡
һ˻īīһ鵶˵ϸһĿӡ
סֵĴУ㾹ȻԸҡ
īЦûռԲ
㣬㡭˵˳īһתҪӣϻʰģ
ȳ
īһץס˵ĺһһתֽءѪ˾̵Ľֽסīмؿ㵸ֱڵɳªһšīﳶײȡ£ǹѪһŰ뿪ݪݡ

īʱջѾϰȶʱԳīͻȻϢسڷڿһ
ʲô׷ʡ
īŵһŶϡ
̨ųīײ򿪣¶һѪģĶһԵøӴĿġ
ǡײؿī
ɱ֡
׿˿īȥΪ׽
īѰײְʧˣֺһ
һ޵̾Ϣ׵Ŀ⣬׿ü䲻ײ·а
ʲôī׵ʵ
㣬ʵûɱˣ׵һ˿ϣһЩȷ
˭˵ģ
һ׵ѱ硣




 8 

˭˵ģ
һ׵ѱ硣
īָָĶ˵ⲻɱһ
ε̾һ˵ˡ
˵Ͳīбס
۾
īԹ˽һɫĲ˳ȥֻܿˮϴϴɵ˴ϡǰ顣
һҡҡ£סôˣĪҪꣿ
īȥشӣųʪζϵ꼾Ҫˡ

һ죬׽Īཻһֲ©Ŀ飬ġЩĪֻͨͨýԼϰľ׹ѧϰ
ȥð˷ֽɫľͭīߡŴ׵ȵȡֽ֮÷һһŽ˴ϵĳī
īһ۾Ϳһ¹ŵƾסȥĦһŵ޾ʱ⡣īõϸġžӱÿһ·ڣ̲סӷ˹ĥȾ޴õľӳīĴʡīЦһ½ӿ£ףȫˣ
š׽մһõŰͼĲɫͬɫĴͷ϶һֽƮƮȻг֮ˡ
Ǭ֮ķȥɡīһ۴˵վȻ쿪ûꡣ
׵ͷһӦͬī˿ջȥ˰ųīһ·Ǳá
ʱýɢ̧һϯҪú԰Ľųȥ
̵ģŲս꼾ˮξ˺üˡûء
˭˵ء֪ش˸βͽӶˣҿ˲׷Ȼ
ǰ֪شǺƢ˵ة˳Ϊ
ꡪСȥةǸһ״콫ϳȥ˲ǡ
ǡ
˵̧ϯӳȥˡ
ī״һԱˮϴˢ̵ʯת˳īǴһĨЦ۳ȥϡ
ߣ϶ú⼸زߡ
׽ųīõĺ԰﹩ӡĴǰʱ䲻һĪľ޴˳ȥīһסףͷֻһֻ˶غɫβⷺ׵ĺ۾ڴĹϴǶˡ
øһ˿ɳֱ乩Ǻ깪һԾ㰸ȻϼЦ׵˿һδǰȻͷֲǺ꣬һԾˣǷΡ
زѰʩɡ
á
һؿ̤аһ׾־ľָһ׻䡣û¾һҽб׻ɢ󽹳ζ
ãȻֶΡû뵽㲻ãϤġꡣ
īͷͶֽˢˢִȥཻ𻨡īֱȡ˫ۡ
ǰд̱أδ׷վȻ
ߣȻ֮档ī׹˻˻ķǰ̽ʱصơ
֪һŭѣ¶ɫƤҲյῡȡ֮Ŀһ˫ǶڸɿݵۿʱҲѾݣſܿɭ׵ļʮָϱָ׿ͬһֱ۵ĻӶƿ֮
һ԰ڷҶ׷ױ֦ͷ緭ɡīһһԷҪ֪صָױ䲻Ϯī
һԵײ̤дʣȻһɫûֳľһ彣ս֡ΪǳЩ֪عκв֪һһ֡
һ֪صצ»һĶӵڵϣ֪³īͷסī˲Ʈ֪֮ǰǰ۵һ֪صצ˳ī壬״ʧɫϣīַһĽΧǽֻؽն֪صצ
ֱ֪ۣīֵ˫Ŀʺ׵Χǽۿųī˿ðѪȴ޼ƿʩ죬Ƿ־Ͳֻ޳ɱ
ףһԲɬһŻҲ縳׵ϵʿһǽԾ԰СҲæϵʿԾ¡
ϵʿսʹ֪ؿʼţųīϵʿߡ
嶹
ϵʿķԸԾɫ԰и
ľɷ
ϵʿײ̤ľɷ
ķ𡣡
ӷԸֱ԰ڵĶķȸ׻޵λá
īֲ߲Ρ
ȡīһ˦֪ء
ϵʿȡһŰͼ֪ͷ£ԯͭ
óͭһ΢չ֪ء
ȥϵʿһһĻָɳ֪֪ιŲȼ
԰صĶ֪ĺͷƤ顣վڳī߿Ż潫һһɣֱʣ½ڵһڿ﷢һһĶŻ
ˣ߰ɡϵʿ²ķ˦˦

׺ͳīϵʿصջ֮
صװųīȾѪ£ųīϹļ׽ססһ
ʲôֵôСֵģǱͷ𣿡ϵʿڴǰϿųī˵
ʦ￩һ¡
Ҫˣõȵ𣿡ϵʿµĳ˵ʦ˿ɲͿֱܷƶ񡣡
ϵʿ仰óīһЦеؿףܺͿ
׺һۣߵ˱˸ϵʿϵʿӹڿųīڣλ
³īīһߴһ߶ϵʿ΢˹
ī˲кġħйƶһǽɽǰƶɣ͸ɡ
죬𵤵Ĳ֮Чīؾϵʿһ⡣
ŶϵʿһϵҾͰѽ𵤸ͽɡ˵ϵʿӴ֮óһеݸס
ʦӲҪҡҡͷҲǾܾ
ϵʿЦЦСӡ
ҲЦʣʦ֮ʦ塭
ϵʿ̾ȥˣҲˡ
ǣʦ֪𣿡
ϵʿҡҡͷʦѾϺͿˣɽͲٻȥˡ
ʦ׿ǰɽ˲֪˵ʲôο֪ʦԸǽéɽéɽһɡ
ʦ߲ĪҪȵһײźڡ
ī˵⻰ʱͷ׿ı飬˿©ıȥ




 9 

ʦ߲ĪҪȵһײźڡ
ī˵⻰ʱͷ׿ı飬˿©ıȥ
ײĵһ̾Ϣī˫Ĵ۷ҲסƮ˼̧ͷڵһ˿̣̲סǡ
īԼƫʦһὫéɽ󡣡
ϵʿ˦ŷЦЦףЩǿá
׹µ֪۲ΣʦĿģӻΪéɽԼౡ֮
ϵʿְקʦ˵㲻ãǡ
ʦ
ϵʿ̾һҪéɽ㾡ٴŬҲ޼¡
ǣʦҪéɽѵҲéɽȥħ𣿡
ϵʿʣ֪νħ
͵͵һ۳ī˵󴫡ƣˣ֮ΪΪ׸ٳޡЩҲۺ־ֻҪЩҲˡ
ϵʿĵͷãáƶķĹϰ֡éɽƷҲΪʦôȴٴԭ㵱Ҵɽʱ̫С޴ӷֱǷǺڰףΪʦЩΪþǷǣ˲źôéɽϵ
лʦ
׹ڵعĿͷϵʿ˽ˣΪʦéɽ
лʦ׹л
ˣīϵʿתī񲢲éɽ
ϵʿһԵ״жյʣΪݳīĪʩԸȻʧˣʧ˻ѪǱȻǽĪסˣʲôȻǿ
ī֮Ŵڴϣ˿ϵʿѯī̧ͷԭǴ֮֡
Ŷ
ī׿ЩЩڴ񲻽Ц漰ˡ²ܶԡ
ϵʿͷƶ㲻ٶˡ
л˵ųī˹֡
ϵʿЦŰ˰֡
ºͽһҪ
ϵʿֿī£
ϡ
īһϵʿϵıһ䣺˻棿
ǧȷ
īף׽ӵĪʦ׿ԡ
ĪࣿϵʿüͷΪʦĪʦӦѾˡ
׿˿īī˵ͷ׻⣺ʦ
ϵʿ׺ͳīһ䷿ſһǿ
ʦ
״ţϵʿƲڣǰշȴΪƲƵʲôóӽһߵǰϵϣһĻ˻αɫȻϨˡϵʿѾôһ˲ǰָһָĻоҡҡλΣʱ𣬿һСػȴһֱǿš̨ϵʿ򴲱߽´ϵķֽѴĪģǰ
ҵջкǿȫΪī뾹ȻĪࡣϵʿȻĿŴݿĪ
ʦִ˷ģǰ˺͡׽͡
ϵʿ˵ͷһ϶һɫ־ϵʿĪϣĪϺɫë˻ָǰ˫ĿհڴϾͬ˯һ˻ϵʿʾ׷´ʣȻһɫķֽڴϣڵĺʼɢȥ
ʬ̫أǻط˵ϵʿ˵Ϩϵɫ档

һ»صϵʿڣĪǱɱģ
׵ͷšһ
ʲôʱ飿
ҺĪʦֵĵڶϡ
ϵʿüˣǶһӦûȡĪġ
ĪʦΪҸ߳࡭
ҲɿܿĪϵķϵʿĳףֵĪʺΪò˶ʱͿ޳ɷʬ
ֻҲûôΣաīԡ
ôϵʿ뿴
ǰյľ˹ٸװɻǵã
׿ͷʾȥ
Ǳĳʹ֣ͬһࡣ
ҹīѪģһţֿ˿īôҲܽϵһ
ӦòǵǰΪǰ˵ϻʰҡī˿׺šüźӵϵʿ˵²ѶԸģΪǵĵá
ǣζԸֵģϵʿʡ
ī˸ңµѣôǱɡһҲɽұ
״㵵ĿһƽĳīѨô׵ľͽй©Լʦûһ˿һԥ
ֻкҲδҺΣЩҶǵ˽Ҳڴˡ
ãȻ֪ˣƶ;ԲӲⱡѾڴ˵طһѱеڶƶȥ̽һϵʿ˵Ѿ
ʦȥ׸վ
¡ϵʿֹףīڿջĪҪտ
Ŀϵʿ뿪׻ǰ۽īīЦЦͲóһѶ̵ŵƵǰ
׿ʲô
ȥ
ī̲ȴǰѵǡʱһΪĴӱһײ飬ƴһѳϵĶ̵üһ˦˿ɳ䣬ȴһѷɨøФĶɱʦ˾Ϊ׽סˣ
ʦһ
ʦҡ
һŮ׾Լϵĺëȫ
һī͸׵Ľ˳֮ϺɭȻ˲ұӡõһһֱָǰء
һīһ˶̵˴խ赶Ū
ףȻֶΡĻóī۽
üбֺ˪ʦֳ˵˿޾ʺȴ溬΢Цֺһѷ׵Ĺơ׶һɷŭéȴûУéһɷס׵ơéһѷǰ֯һɫ罫׵ͬ˷˿˸ˮ©׿죬ȦȦתתķһ׵˿ȫƵ˷ĸϡéһק˿֡һȴļŭףʦ˿ĸһ˫ƽĳֱéźǰءé˦ɨ߼䡣īһ̽˽ϡ
򣡡éһתīīδµſڷƳߡ
ʦ֣Ҫܡˣһ̵ַɳ




 10 

ʦ֣Ҫܡˣһ̵ַɳ
ī׼ת˿β̵ȥ
˭϶̵ƫеĶéĺģéһĻתһݺύ·Ϊĳ鶯΢ı仯ʦܡ
һ֮ѾԾ⣬ֻʣԴڴϵЦĵͬ欵ڻֻȥʦֹ֮λֽӹĴۣԶȥƮҡӰ൭˵ߡ
ۡѪһһɽɫĴϣɫϾɵϣ׵ϡǰסǰԵéʦ
é´ôꡭ˼ʼաû䡭
أéϸݵ嵹׻˫۰գ΢˵ĿɬȻײ֪ʦ֮䵽ʲôľ
īͫױѪľϰĿƿʦһݰɣȥѸϡ
é㲻ã˵̣ܿһͳĳǰͻȻȥôһ˲ĪˣˣʦҲˣ̲סͷ˿ųȥҪŵĳī
ôīʡ
ҡҡͷųīţ˶񣬰éʬƽŵϽ˽é
īȥһºܿͻˣڴζõġһéѳīƳ׵ľӣǼѪѾ档īĺ˹˵ȥϴϴиɾѡ
Ӧһ˰ȥīȥԼһվƵĴǰ濴ܽ֯ߡǽϵ÷ɣī˹ǣȻǸùõļڡ

ҹ׵ʦؿջéʬֻһ̾ϢʲôҲû˵ʲôҲûʡֻĪϵķȥ˽һȵĪ˹
ʦĪ࿴éʬ̲סȥéǰ
˴˿ӦɣīĪ롣
ʦ֡վĪԼҪοĪ־˵ʲô޼£ʲôû˵
ī۾ʶȤĴӷ˳ȥݪʳתһ½֦ȥĪķûƵƣīڴߡ껹£һƿҹЯ˿˿ϸ˽ī˿Ϻ·ϵˮֻαŴɫ˿һҹĻ

ī
׵ʦŶʱī˯ɬī۾겻֪ʲôʱѾͣˣȻʪءīת׵ʦѾ˵ӹ 
īûֻ׵ʦѵӷԼתԴ⡣
ûīϸŴصƺ󲻾й©һĨްǹ⣺뽲
ϵʿĬһ£ڣƶһ󡣡
īûнӻԾŴ⡣
ƶһԼ
īϵʿ
ס
ΪḶʲôīʣĳ
ϵʿóī׵ĺɫƿǿƿְνֱһỮһѪ˿һβȫƿīͫһĹѪ䡣
ƶϵʿһƿѪݸīīڴѪԼպīƶΪףīѪԼص
ġīǽӵ
ЦЦ֣ī֣˶ԻơĿⶨڳīƿӣīƿ͵һ
ʵīǲ֪ΪԼһ¡ʹѪǼƷССһƿҲֵīͬԼο˵ԼûޣֻҪīѪīԼһֱЧ
̾˿һɫƤûֵ齻īīʱʵʱ齻ףȻ󲽳š
ī뿪ɨһ飬̧ͷ⣬վҪɢʱ

ʱһڹײĽé˳һɽˮ˵ˮĵط֮ʦͽûлؿջѰһƧĵطȥڵ
ףéɽʮ˼ɣΪʦֻ˵һҪǡ
ǣʦ
һ̰᣻ɱɫƣĽΪ飻³ç߽Ѷϣ˽˷裻Ž˷ѣʮյӡΪʮ䣬סˣ
סʦ
ʩʱа˼ɣһɼɫ⣻ɸˮһĶãļɼȡ
     

īһ뿪ҹ·īͷǰ棬׺Īں棬һ·϶Īʱʱ̾
ʦ֣ĪҪˡȰ
Īû˵ֻص̾һ
ͷ˿ĪࣺʦȥҲδزǺ£㲻Ҫˡ
ʦ塭Īż
Ī֪Լ˽ʬһִʦôҲ֮УԷû˵ʲôȥȰοϾʦֵСһ𳤴ģֺͶԵװοҲá
һؽû߶ԶٵĺǸŮҹĽҰ⣬˭Ҳͻ
⣬ҹǹĪʡ
˶ϸǺԽŮӵĺӵĲҽʱص졣˻һۣƣһķ˹ȥԽ߽ԽӣһˣƺǺܶˡ˶סü
ǰûԶԼܿỹм⣬һʲô¡
ĽһŮųī˹Ů˿һɫ۵ķ񿴵˾ĵݣҲ˲Ůܲȹѵһץס˵
ʱſŮӣһ֦ĺϼһžٵĶ쵰ӦʮӴ˿ȴΪȧµǼгʮƤⷭѪĺɫ׶Եúˡ
ѯﴫһ˲ҽŮһڵϣ
ߣȥ
Ůӣһ˾ǷķȥŮӱмΡΡ²ҲȣЩ˴ӱѾǴӲͬ򷢳ľֵĺһʱ֮伸˽ס࿴˿ͷĵطȥˡ
ŮӵſڣŷĵСƺѾ˶ʱˣ¶ƤֳҰ׵ɫὣŮӵָСĵȥԺשҲ˵ĵżѾͷҲۣȻҲǸոȥһвͬݵ˵ڵϣڶԺ᷿ﻹһԱģˣЩԼĪμӻûüȻɥڴˡŮӵָһԺӣ滹һ𣬴ӰζСĵȥһŽ߿ˣδȥȻԺ缱æͷ˹ȥ




 11 

СĵȥһŽ߿ˣδȥȻԺ缱æͷ˹ȥ̧ͷһֻһɳ߲̤ŵķ׽ߵᣰ׹ڵϣϹȫˣʱʵˮɢһأǺɫһ̨ҡҡ׹
תһɫһ𷢱ɫ԰׵ŤһԲѾײˣ˺滨һĸɹǺ˿Ӧþɹˡֻ˿ɹٷɢңߵϱһɼǵĿӣ˿ڱԵƤⷭţƺ۾Ҳ˽ıֻѪðǽ𷢱۵˴ֵűӦ䷽ϵһ̨ɹٵıôȻǰɫҲմѪȴûɹǰǱ
ȾҼ๫һֱսսڷŮӼ⾰򵽷ű߿޵
ȣ ˴˶һ߿˹ǽ𷢱۵˿ں仰˵ĺӲͬոѧὲһ㡣
ڵϿ޵øγϵŮֿǱ߹һˣһὣֻһоͽѽѷֵ˷ֿˡ
лллǳл㡣ǽ𷢱۵϶㵽һ߶Է˵һĲǿ˵ʲô̲סüס

ɢ֮󣬳ī絽ҽĵطм̴ֲĺΧסһһͷغɫ߸ֵĵ쳤ȹ¶ѩ޳ĲͷİظŮˡŮ˴ŰޣɫźĹâȹӵ°Ѿ˺ò
īһۣȻνֱָѾסŮұ۵ˡֽ˵ֱഩڲഩ˷ŷûиоīӲؽ˵ֱһնϡûвҽУ˷һī̶̵ļ϶īŮƮȻ˺ͬʱ˦סŮ˵һŮһī˲Щ˳īŮʱȥķȥ

ͣһԣԯ۶ϣƥ˾֮⡣鿴ƥѾ͸ˣ˿ڴѪѾᡣ׽ĳһɫ̷СС۴ŵúܴȻʱǳ¡ֽС۾ĨϣĿСϵץۣ˺ϵѪѾ̶ʱƣСľһƤ˺ȥˡ
׾۾Ķϲ鿴ųʱͻȻһųź۾ˡһľ̽Ѿ۾ֻȥ׵Ĳӣ˫һıԵһշһ̤ҽŽǰɳľֱȡ۾üġ
۾˷ס׵ľһһľӦ۶ϣֲ׵ľһɽһ۾ĶϽһԾס׼ƲһâһԶһŴ֦ɳ㿪ˣһ˿۾۾һƾһסͬһ˿һ˿˿ɳһͷ۷һ۾˿ĸָϣһŭµĺҹ֮лصëȻ
ڴʱīǸŮ˲ԶŮ˿Ǻ۾һֵļ۾īƳһ۶˵ȡǰѡ
˿ٴηɳǺ۾תҪӡīִһ˦Яصƿֱ֮ȡġ۵һ׵˿īĶ̵һ˺۾ĺѡ
ϡ۾һҽг鴤ŵ˵ϡ
һ˿סīĶ̵˻īӹԼĶ̵лл
áĨĨ˿ϵմѪ۽һ±īŮˣǡ
ţī˿ԼŵŮˣղžµġ
ˣʡ
ûС
īδͼǼ̴׷üͷ΢ÿīŮûܽʬ֮صİ취
״ӻͳһ䣬̤ӭǼˡԭͽʵŷѧϰڷǴг׽һһ׷ǵĶͷϣ̱סһժϵϵĽһΣжӵȺ
гī˵
̲סǣ߰ɣȥʦ

üļ϶ŮӺȻ̧ͷϵ˿Ѿϲɫת࣬һХɫӰֱ˶ڷ𷢱۵ˡһǽӰ£ϵ̫ˣ
ԺһֽǷӾ˽ֽȴһֻèҲ·ϲδҵκοɵټǷ޶ǶԷ׷ᣬֹķһֱڷ졣ѰղŷֵĽ̤ͽ˶Ʋס۵һ̸ԴһŷֽסŮԾɲ֪ŷ
ϣٿ־һŮӣһŮֱֱ鵽ϡٷŮѱá
ī׺Ī̤ԺסŮӡ
ϡĪЦŶ˵
ʦ״ǰһΣһӽʬǡ
һЦЦȻͬīͬīŵŮ˽īŮ£Ů˿Ľ˴һ˹ȥҲӵųīǾһǡ΢ȥī׵̲סһڿڵͷĪҲסͷԴεĿ˼
ĿԼĪڷֿĻһ䡣
ллǡ˶ŷһϹ˵ֻȻ˵úɬ
˰֣лͲˣô˵أ
룬һʱⲻˣŲſڣǣǣͣ沮ġ沮£ǣǣ£ģʹߣ£ǣı¡
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Ŷǣǵģ¡ǣޣǵģʫ񡣡˽͡
ʫ˿񣿡ī̲סЦЦ
Ŷԣԣ˿񡣡ҲЦ
סЦʣ˭ǰ沮£
沮£ڣͷֿͣˡ
һ۳īīǰߵ󣬵Ҳ˵Ǹյͷֵˣȥ˿񣬶沮ʳʹȥʥ
˰ѳīĻһʣʲôǣʥ
ȥǵı¡
ԵģԵġЦ
ôǶжˣжȥʥж˲˿񣿡īͷĦ彣۾ȴס˽˷򸾡
ǣУʮˣУˣǹңӶģʮˡ˶˶˵沮£ˡ
ǿǵ޳бȼϻҪ̾һ˵
ԵġЦŸͷ
īЦ׺һۣŵأ
ǣס֮ˣУǣˡ
ôģΪʲôܣ
ǣɱˣˣˡָָһʬ
ͷʾ֪ˣȻԸֽʬ׼еĿһˡ

ܿ죬լĿϵʬ׶˲°پߣСĵ鿴ÿһʬϵ˿ڡ
ʦ׸ڷʡ
ȫڽʬ֮֡̾
ǣôĪ಻⡣
ʬֻ⼸᣿ۺӣ˵⼸Ӧȥ֮ˣ»ڰ顣
飿׿˿ŷһһŮˣҲ˵ڽʬȫҧģ
δءīԣһˣī߽űߴźǽĿʬ壬Ǻ׽ֵĺ۾
ڵ渴ӡĪסü
Ŷᣬˣ˺˲˵ʬ׺󾪵
īЦЦһӳȥıȻǳˡ
⼸ëĹҹͶޣøʬ䣬ҲáͬĿŽڰӣŮɫ̷Сʬ
ܰɣδ̫ˡī
Կ˿īüͷ
ҲãıҲգǱЩʬյɸĻ¡
˵Űѻѵݸס׽ӹĪཫҵľȫʬ֮ȻʾĪ˺ĪԾԶʬѡ




 12 (д)

ѴзɳڿתȦ䵽ʬŴϼŮʬϣŰŮʬϵϼŮʬŻžױݵһܽŮʬС
һҹ紵ƣ˳ʬϵҾѸӿŻƽʢ￪ʼнĿζ˱ǵĶɢֵζ˼Ż˷̲סڱ˺ߡ
ʱһ̴ٵ̶ĹЦ쳣ÿһ˵ĶողŻòīִڽĿһɨĻֻתɫؽ׵˫˿ɳ˷򸾴ǰĪҪηԶԶǻߡʬΧ䷨ԱЩʬκ춯
˴䱸һֱЦû֣Ҳκ쳣һֻþͽһҿջͶޡ
ǼջһֻвʮͷīȥͶ޵ʱֻշ˷סһ䣬Ҫ̷ʦȻͷסһ䣬ʣһǳīĪһסīüҶ˶û˵ʲôŵСĪȥ
÷ī˵СĪѾ˴ϣ֫ӲһɫëīĪһĪ໳׵Ǹɫƿī˿ƿֿ˿ĪཫƿӴȻߵǰƿҪȥϵĪһ˹ס˳īĺ
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Ī̧ۿ˿īû˵ʲôٿȻ˻˴ϡ
īһĪཫʷŴʳīĴǱЦζ˳ִ˴īŷȥˡ

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߿׽ŵԱߵʣô㻹Ҫȥ
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ЦŻ˻֣ȥء
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ױʦӿջʱѾŵӻųڽϽҲѰҺʵ̯λġ׿ֵ߽ȺУĿڽԵĵƼӹҹͺ۾һս׵ľҪһҵһµġ
Ѱţ׻εǰһϤӰ޳ͦһϮ¡׵ĽŲظǸɫıӰǰȥһ֣׿һȺŹʵĹǵĴӵ½һС¥üվȵط˻졣
תҪȥӺ׷ס˵ȥôѾܾδֻҪȥһҪʩչṦ뿪С¥Ķ¥иϿڣôһôѣͳıؿ˳īڶ룬ǡ
Ҫ̧ͷȥ˽ס׶һǰվǳīô¥Ǹ˭
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ףīǰ˿
һ״ӴӴ͸׻չεۣϵĺѾʪ͸Ϸһһĺ⡣׽סַ̧סͷ˿ĨĨϵĺ׿˿һѾ붨ķĵųȥ

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ЦЦ߹ȥ˿ۡīתҲû˵ֻһī棬ҲûָֻĥŲıԵ˾˵˵顣
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 14 

īеľ̲סüͷȻٺȲǴӺһ·ֱƵθ֮ͬϯĮĿҵľɬɬĽСѺȡ
洫еҹǷڿջ޹˼ɵĵ֮ջ˺Щ뿴ֵˡΣվǱڰЩȻ˺֪Ҳһ𣿳īһȵ΢ҡҡλεشӿջȥʱ롣
ҹѪζʱֽͷոɱһͷζڻûȫɢȥϵش̼ųī񾭣ȻѪѪζ˵ʼǿĴ̼ɱɱʲô𣿳īҲûɱһɱˣǸʱᣬźصסڡīƲƲǡ
īѾƿ͵ͷһڣüǰ𻹼ôѾˡǵĸ׸߹ѪԳϣֻûиǵįͻҲǳϣԼԸסԣ󲿷ֵʱĻʵ۾˾Ϊʱ޸Ĺ˯һǸؿڣ¹ڰ켡ĵ۹мжɱ֪Ҳ֪˵ϷɽˮƽˣڻٵαĹ־֮Ĺʹ͸Ľ鱦
ʵɡīȸƿľ̾һҪȥѾƿƹģī׸Ī˿ջ򱱶ȥջСϣ򱱳һ֡ҹѽĪȥǱʲôī˾ƿ͵͵ȥ

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ŮʬǾ߳¾ɵʬ巢ࣵϿŨŨĺҹе΢һһɢ޾ҹɫ֮С
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 16 

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ǣǡĪæĵͷӦ̨ǡ
Ȼʶʱ߰ɣȥŮ
нʬתǰߡĪ̧ͷһ۴Ҵҵĸȥ˳ת䣬־ػؽһĴ
Ķøɫ鱦Ƕӣʮޡ϶ǡǡͷש̾͵ĵϵɽŮɾһϮڴһʯ̨֮Ͽʯ֮УĪǽһ˫ۺЦнʬĪݵڵأˣȥɡ
нʬһͷ£ֻʣĪŮɡĪͷվԭһֻĿԼһ˫һ֡
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ǡĪŮɵķԸһɱʬ顣
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ŮЦ⣬üһʣʱһ֮˵أ
ĪдʱаٰҲһ䣬ֻɥشͷ
Ȼ˸ðҵߡ
Ů̺Ĵ΢΢һƲû˵ȥĪһȴǽס˸

˼׮ݸǷ򸾺ͰΪ°Ҳš
˻ݵؽ緽װȥϸֻЧ΢׮ӹٸһ¶İǱҧ⼸˾ڻĽҰڹٸ˵˻ɡ
ŽһεİдӿߣϵĲͷͰˮ˽ȥī̲סЦôûô
ȥⶼЩˣʦֵټһҲ˵Ǻεļꡣ
īˮҲһʱĪҲǽʬҾŮʬԶĪ˵Ҳʲô¡
㡭
ң˵ʵ飬ҡ
װһ۲˵ƵĺŲˮ
ҿԺúĸɫŮӣǿɱ˺׻
Ůˣ
īüбһϷʣŮˡ
㶼ˣɫЩá
īЦЦżȻҳȥʱ򿴼ġ
Ʊ硣 
īӴһֽŵϣҿķûмȥɰͻֽ
׿ϵĶֿ˿īڨɫЩŮˡ
֪֪ī￴ױһȺٸŮΧڽͷʱ༱̲סЦ㱻Χźò
ȥһ£б˵
ī˰ֹסЦ쵽úŸȥߺ֪˲ȥóѾͷҲǿЩõġ
׳δԼǾóī˵Щ˵ͷðɣȥ
Ӧ˳ī߰ɣȥջǰ㼸˵ʦ˺һԷ

ɫ׼̯ʱи˴ǰ߹ӡ÷ڱǰסλӣƶӡ÷ڡ
Ĳӡ÷ڣţϵҲӺҲȻѰҵĻòͷ
ӣǺ˶Ҫ;˵ӺΪ֮䲻ֻ仰̯Ҫߡ
ģүءҪͷӲ׼Ҵ½һӦҶ۶Ըҳӽʹ㡣һ˫۾һ¶ʶݺݵӡ
̾˿ҡҡͷͷǰǩսﲻٿһŨ̵Ĳϣ˦ҡڵԶĳſȥ˿ֳһ˵ıӰҡҡͷ
᷽ᦻû⴫һ˾ĲҽӦĺÿ죬¸̾һһչųűȥ




 17 

ֻһһɫĹٵǰ಻֦ҶïĴЩ·չ֦ڰ谵ĹԵצĿѰȴųǵǸˡ
·ߵ֮һҽУ⶯ֻ֮С

ҹɫջһƬڡŴһС̯ĴҴҵ߳ߡ
ľƲѾˣ˫ӸϣǵСӡī°Ͱؿ׵ĲһŰ׾ϱѾ˺ü䡣׵üͷֽ˽ü֮彥
īɫص̨ͬС䣬׵ļ磺ߣȥ
׸ųī˴ӿջҪյųš
ҹǽϳ˳īѾûˣ羹ȻҼһشţⶼм͸ŰͶڵϡϺܾδţȮͶһֻгīȵĽŲ
ûīеƵĹڽղԶʮ֮Ķںڰ֮УҶ˶ϰߺڰģֻǸӡ
һ׿߼ϳī˲С
ˡָָ谵ĵ˵
ī˿ֿ˿ǰĳţ¥֮ҲһƬڰرʿƵơµģջŲǺԶǶ˵Ľų̶ԶϲӿջڳһȦȼһͭǮһ򣬵Ⱦ̫컹ôãǣԾжֶ֣⵽ô£īʡ
ĵī׵һ˴ӳǽ֮Խܵߵ֮ŨصѪζ˱Ƕ
ī׶һۻû˵ƿ֮Ӻڰ֮Ϯīһ׵Ĳ˸˼ֻ޴
ǡ׻û˵Ǽֻٶ۷ǡ
룬˱֣֮Ѫɽֻ׹ڵϣ׵˻ӣһ߰࣬ǽ²ȵҲǡ
īϨеĻӣ˵ߣȥѰҵ
ѭѪζڰҹݵشţԽѪζԽΧҲԽù졣
һཻóī׻˲ӡһյأʱƿϴкһƬյ֮ϣݼӰ֯һ˿÷ȴ
īϢӣǾһʬаͬɫصĴźͰµˡ
Ҷ࣬ΪʲôҪֹǵ棿ĺúܺãǿĿİĹĶࡣ
ı죡⽩ʬһ¶̱˳׽ĪǸнʬ
˺ҲһࡣһʬһĽ˵
еĽҲͳī彣һϸϸڳī׿˵һ̸ʡеĽ˼׽ĪǸнʬнʬ㾶ֱײϣĽ嶥˸ͷһһµĽʬ嵶û磬˾嵶ڣһϲ԰׵ļ滮Ѫ
īһԵ֮п⼸˶һһʱѷʤͶīһѯʵ񡣳īͷֽͬʱɳʬÿһԾɣŰһһΪԳī߶īʵּ죬ۡīĵȺ
㣡ͬͬһ˲֮ɥڳīаһŭɶ
ī֣һ㵶մѪ˳ңǵѪζ
ֻ۾˿̹ʢĵŹ𣺡ɣ˵Žһֱīǰīֵһᡰһס˰Ľ᳷ٴ̣϶īֺɨĽʱһתĽˡŭʢԭӢòٿȻ֮˱ۼģٳī
Сģī׸ûп尲ͳīֵĹֻһӰī
īһХĿת죬еĵǰӳһƬ⣬ͻȻֵİӰ֮һֻѩ׵һīġīǰȥ׼״˿ɳ򰲶ᣬīһ˦īʡ
ѩ׵ֺȻīǰס˳īֻּһҽһƺ߾Ϳͳī˫˫ǰءײҶһǿнī߽סϵ˿˿ҵԶһ辽һųīȥ
ƲǶ׿ŸʵĳǽҪ׳˿ī§סһ˾ͻص˳īĺ¿׳˶Ѫֻ׾ɫ׵þڳǽǸֽϺİֽ
ߡīס׽µĲӱǳǵʱ򻹿࣬ϡ
˶ջſڵʱ򿴼һžϰȵĿջ˿̾Ȼƻͨųջſͣӡ
һջͱСӭסλү֪ˣ͸һλ¥ϵء
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㡭ڷʹĴ£ţ
ȥʦīҲԽû
ʶҲЩʱˣī׻ͷһʹ˼ųīһαһ⣬һתȥˡ
׿Žʱ򣬷һһ߶׽֪ˡƶͽס
ããȻǱһױ̾
Сף֪ˣ˹ˡǿһĨЦӦ
ͽǱȻǵ֮ɱȰ
仰֪ǳϵĿ֮ʣ׶һζǵ֮һ˿Ц
˹ˡЦ
ǫˣջҪлǱǸСֻ׶༪ˡ֪Էĸм֮Ա
ƶԳħΪΣ赱Ƿ֮£˲عһЦԣתۿһԵױ֪£κ֪οﲻ֪Ǽ׮ְǷϣֻҰɻ̸֪ͬЦ




 18 

īϺһ׵ĽŲ˸ڵӲֳǽŲ˴ߡ⿪Ĵɫĳ۳һ¶խխһѪɫ¡īüЩٻѵۣϺȻһĿбǰأѪɫΧȾѾȾµǰ󡣳īָոµϵһСʿƴ룬ֳѶҴ̵ī
īڴϵĽһת֮䲦СʿĶҴ̣ƽ׽СʿȻֵ£īԵЩġְνһ˲īһӴվбСʿĲӡСʿȳīȥһˣǰ˳һ˫ֱ̳ī¸ؽīСʿĴ̸񿪡
СʿһīȾѪеĽ趯˲ǣ˴ֻо˾ŲӲͬķλīҪ
īһһӽСʿĶҴ̵˿ͬһһʹ಻Ϯ֮ĳѪīǰѾʼһһŨɫӰʮУīǰѾһƬСʿӰصƿ֮īӭŷʮһī˵ڵء

ڷĬţ֪˵ЩʲôȫȻûīϴαǽʬ嶼δ˺ۣӦãӦû¡οԼ̲סīѿɫ
Ӧ֪˵ĵĻ׽ü׳ʲô£ôûųīһ
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ǱˣӦ롣֪Ц˵
ƶڿջ 
ãá
׼Ҫæǰ򿪷ţһԡһЦ֪ͬ˷ȥ֪ˡ
׿֪ˣϷȥóīţûӦżСǣīԼһڷʲô̲סʹ£ī
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СķӦȻ׵ϣǰĳīơҪǣҪǳī˦˦ͷִ˦˳ȥīŵ˴ϡ
ʱ֪˻ſڹŴţվڴǰ߽ϵϣʣôˣǣҲ㡣
Ĺóīǰ˿ӵĿһ˴бұв£ɼǡҧҧ촽û˵
⣬ô˵ôأҲһô˵һ̲Ѫ
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ȥˮѵϵѪϴɾҵע⣬취
׿īһ˫ۣһͷȥˡ
ѾѪˣ΢鿴һ³ī̾һֲͨһҪôʩȣźڴǰš
׶ˮڵϸϴŵϵѪȻʲôĨŶ
Ƿ򸾵ķſڣ׼ţǲĺǣ˯ˡУ£죬˵
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׿һѰӷ˳
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ѪѪΪϲġ˵
׾˵
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ֹףһ׿ųīѾʲôˡԵһ̾һЦһҡҡͷ
ûзųѪͱʩ˶佫˿ڹɵСӣˣ̫޸ܡ
Ҳīϵ˿ѾѸˣϴα֮һ̶û£ǰǵȴһ˿һҲת
⵶ԣָָ˵Ǳ˰ɣҪϵģҪһʱ
񸸵ͷʾͬⷽ˵
Ȼֽ̧Ķ䡣
ʦ
ض˵ȥͰ񸸻طȻϢȥɣҹΪʦ
ʦ
ʦļ򣬡ȥɡ
ֻùǣʦ׸ˡ
ţȥɡͬ񸸹˳ȥϣ˵ɵüǵµԼ

׵֮շתߣһ۾ǳīҰ׵ǸȻ˿ڡתſۣ׺ȻĪĪʦֲ֪ˡ뵽Ī׾һˣС
СΪʲôڳīҴīϵģ뵽׾ԷС̬ԼҲɵȻԼȻǸСʦܣְ˳ȥ֮ճ˷ʦֵû˱Ըղһж
ȻȻΪ˳īСֲ֣һؾˡϱϵİײĪʦֵʬʱҶûôŹôһɵطңʲôסղűĵطüͷһƬãȻ




 19 

Ѿʵ̾һ´ͭҹ˯֮ǰСõˮվͭǰ濴ԼˮĵӰ˰βˮϴˢһҹ˼
ɫ磬ջ澲ĵģϴ¥ȥߵС°緹͵ȴȻڿջ⿴˷Сһ¿ǻ
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صջڿջǰ˷ͬһģӽӵ̬ȱϹϾԼĪ֪ġ׷ԸС緹¥Ϸ֮󵽹̨ߵĽ˲ǰʦ
ôͳȥˣһ¥һʡ
ţڿջſڿС׸ڷ¥
ͷССʮôԼܵûСʲô
Ӿˡ
û׷
׷ˣǵû׷
ˣĽų̾Ȼ׷˵תȥ
״ʱһãī¼¥ֱī

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ױѳīĽŵϣֵβùԼһ³˿Ҳ
īͷ˿ԼǰˣƤ΢΢ⷭţȻѪ͵һʵˡûй˿ڣϴαһ֦ض˵˸ˣ˿ҲûйܣʲôʱźõԼѾǲˡ
׽³ɲ˽ҩ׵īǰҩˣס
īҩûãǿһԼ˿۵׷Ĳ̳īһǣˣҪҩϰɡ
ϸذҩ۾ȵĨī˿ϣȻùīˡīڴ߿ضʣǸСʿʲôˣ
ʦĹŵӡ˵ŰѲһԲɶŵһˡźȥϴ֡
ϴֹǼ£һƵµʱ׵һ¶Ϲŵİײǰײӳڳīīɫ֮иĿīͷƳһԼƣǵҹ֮˽ƶˣ״˲ôʧؿһݵرӰīùϡ
ĹŵӣĪǡī˼ƽϣߵϵʡ
ִ첲ϣ˵ôصˣȥĶ
ȥʳīЦ
ҡҪֱųī
īÿ׵֣˵ǽҪȥ֪ϣȥ׼׼
׺ݺݵһ۷ҪߣīȴͻȻִӺ׽ס׵׻ͷŭ׵й©ԼҲĸ顣īǰͷԲ԰׵촽һ㣬۾лл㣬סɺ죬ָ̧Լϵһ۳īīŵִ󲽳˷š
īˣǣʹ˴ƲƲǣһݡ

Ǹʲôŭĳ˳īķֱǶȥ˽С
ͣһת֪ЦеĸʦСһ𡣡
׼֪ˡ׻׵
Сضȥʦɡ
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͵ͽһͬϡ֪һһһơ
Ϊ׻ųīһĿͷһĲãֻĵֵ֪̾롣

ջͣΣ֪˺ͷһڷԸšӹո˿ջ֣û߶Զʹһд¥ҶĶС¥ǰ澭һҶһǵԱߵĽη̲סһۡ
һӾͱӸõļ́˽ȥͣ˸ú԰Сæӭ֪ͷȺӽһ½Σۿ·׸֪˸öõ鷿
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֪ˣ¹ϵذյİΣнʬڴƶħ岻ݴǡ֪Ǽ׮ʬɴˣ
δ֪̾һ˵δˮʯҽߵʬײʴ
Ŷϲǣ⼸λߵʬںδ
ڸС
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ûС
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ãˣλǰȥ
׸֪ȥʱһֻ޴Ը֪֮˵֪ͬʱѥһ˾֮ϡ־ܿ˿û쳣֪ðˣˡ
лл֪ĨŶϵ亹ЩȻճ֣ŵøŮ춼ҳš
Ŷǰ϶͸˽½ף֪˵Եʣٴƶʦͽȥߵʬס
ǣǣλ롣֪Բҵæŷ׵
æŰһŮʬ˵ǽڳкġ֪ԸȽŮʬŵһԸϿʦͽȥǼߴɵʬ塣һӦһŷ׽䡣
һʬ壬һ򱱽⿪ʬϸŵİɫɻȥһһ鿴
Щʬÿһ϶дСȵϱϻб˺ѵ˿ڣȻ沿ܿʱʹࡣǣʬ˾û˿˴鿴Ҳ졣
˲Ŀһ߱ɻʬ壬ǡ
ŶǳӣǰЩϰҹƶȴԼҵǰ棬ڶϱֱ˹٣Ǿ͸̧ˡһ




 20 

߽ͣʬİ崲ɻ͹Գ״˺ִ
һ˿Ц⣬˺ЩˣǲˣǾƺŻ³ĻǺϢ֪ͨϱʬȥˣ֪ΪʲôϱһֱûϾڳĺӵϷϱʬס
磬ܽҿƶ𣿡׶ԸԱߵ˵
Ҫ¾㿴
˼ҵħʲôû¸ˣһ˵ŹɻȥһҲҪɵһ˫ɻһõ֭ëĽ
Ķȥˣ˰νҿɻǸʡ
ȥ֪ˡվߵＷ仰˳ȥһŻû˵ʹ
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û˵֪Яһ첽˽ôӵʬ׻ɽģ֪ȥֹɴҲԴҡ
֪ĪѾʬˣȥķǺԵʲ١һɨʬ䡣
á֪˵Կģһͷϵ۷󾪣ɫؿֳʦͽ
״ѲµȻݷǱѰʶҲٶԣԶʧͬٳ˴򽻵ˡʹɫף׻⣬Hĳڿڼ˳ȥ
׳ȥ˹֪˵Сͽ֪˼Цˡ
˴˵ڣ롣
̧֪֣˹˳֪˶ʬױ˭˵ȥ˭֪͡ڲϱȻһ·
֪һŷӭǰȥ˵ҪиǣȵǽʬΪԷһҲ˷ſ䡣ֻ֪ˣԽʦͽͳֱǻؿջ
صջûмī̲סʣīȥˣ
ʳ׵żա
ЦЦŻԼ
ŷƬ̱˵ҪȥѰҷСֳ˿ջվڿջǰĽϿˣ׷޷޵̾һôĶ

īӿջ֪˸ߵúߵҲīͷǣǾɡ
ϵ˽н٣īת֮Ѿˡ۷īȻ羵ҹ׳ȥʱҲʩԻˣīذִ˽ϡ
̫ʱ򣬳ī̤˳ţҲֻǸո̤һҴ̲ųīɹǰ΢΢īЦЦ̫ˡ
ȡ㹷ԾɴŨŨҹС
īνǰһֱ㷽СĺͷСӲһųīĽǰǸҴһīвߡī󣬸ֽһѹһȵ÷СתҴ̲һƫž͵һһǵųīīݽһȦĶҴ̽ʷɡСһ㶣īĽѾǰССݶѾܲˡ
СŭųīҪɱҪжְɣү㡣
ңãеīδһ˫۾ܵγѪһ˲˲ضסСϷʵЦ⡣
СһԺһһرƽڳīжߵʱһ˵ϡ
ǲ£īһ¶ݣϷ֮ء
ңҲ¡СڵϲһͷһϾı顣
īͷһ۶Զһ
ʦС˵ػعͷȥɹٵֻͳī
㣬ƭˣСתͷһ˫ˮĴ۾ŭʢ
ī¿˵ɣʦʲô
ɱ㣡
ƾ㣿
ϣʦ־㣬ˣ
īŷСͷϧ˻ᡣ
Իʦʦֵ֣һҪɱ㡣
īŷСĪĻЦˣųȥʦԸҵ߲ˣһˡ

׻ʱīǰͷģ׵ųīı߹ȥվȴûע⵽ԼҲһ
ôҵСûУİӴƣϾҪˡ
ʦûС׹
ŶûҵˣԼӣҰܣѾӮϵˡ
īΪ⣺ֶѡ
ǣīȵͬҺһȥðɡ
׵һ绹ȥϢ
īĿ⼯ŵϣ˵ãɹĵط
šЩҪȥȷһ¡
īӦá
׶սҪȥãʦҪ񡣡
ī̧ۿȴѸٱתȥ
ףҪ㲻Ҫ˼ңǵȥīվ
׵ͷȥ
Ҳá
ſϳīŲ̫Ĳӳȥ˻̷㶡
ȥɣȥɡù̶׻˻֡
ʦ
ΪʦҪ붨ˡϥ˴һϲ
׿ĵƵűߴųȥ˳īſֻž͸סһŲӡóīſʣſվŸʲô
Ƴһ۾Խ˷ǰҲ˵
īϷţ˻طеϣȥʲô֣
ʬףһʬ䣬߿Ƚ֡
Ŷ
ȥ˱֪
ԣīҲʡ߰ī˵һתͷѾ˯ˣֱߡĹȥӸϣȻ˴Լɵ棬⿴ųī뼫᣿ǰߵͻȻı䶼ѡҲѹ֣ôصˡ뵽׵ĿⲻƵ˳īؿڣҿǺſһֱӴ̽ȥȻ

ҹĻٵʱױѣۿľǳīǱЦЦ׼æ´
ˣīָָϸյĲˮ
׶뺬Ӧһֻ˺Ȳڣܲ˵μĪɱ˳īȻɱĪɣ̫ˣϴǸΡ
˼򵥵ϴһ¾ͳ˷ȥͷϣѾ׼˷ˡ˴ҴҳһЩȥˡ
죬ⶤһֻ𡣡鷿ȥʱĸī˵
𣿡ī˴ü
ţ֪˵Щ춼ǣŮŵöҳˡ
˻ûþ˸һһĽֽȻܵĳּȵľ֮󷢳ģϸ߿Ų




 21 

лҪ˵ǸǸæݺüľи£Բסˡ
ڰӦû̫ɣǺ~ףλĵĴţţ
ī׶һۣŷ첽ķһǰͣ
ʦ׼ͻȻͣ²ɵɻ
ָָ˵ӦǸԺ涼Ů죬û֪˵ҵðȻȥֻ²ס
ƫͷȻŮڼſڽȥֻǲ֪ǵڶʲô
µʯһƬһƬСİɫӡǣɢŨصѪī̧ڿһֻ֪ķС㲻֪Ҫ
ջĿתͷīճȭӰ׵̧֣ۣī˫Ŀӱ۽ްüϸ΢·Ϊղߵ̫ǣ˴뿪ڣ֪Ӹղǹĵķһ·Сܶʲôˣ
֪ˣжˡ
ʲôˣˣȥȷ˺͹ӣ֪һ
֪ˣ˽ȥɣ˻ǲҪǽȥˣˡԣ֪Ҫȥ˵ͣûԸⲻ׵Ķ
֪żؿͷӦúãֻҪܽȮӾȳͺá
һӷ׺ͳī̤ڡԺϽͨС԰ĹſһθߴϵץһҪҧȥƴֵס˵ͷţңзң׽סǸˡ
ףˣ
δ׼͵ȵ
Сף
ǿһͷ˵£ķֽ֪òȥԣ
תۿķֽЦֵ۸ˡ
׿˿Լķֽԥһ½ֽ㲻Ѿ
ѾˡԺٺһЦ˵ˣСףҪ֪Ļ쵰𣿡
׿˿ðĿ⿴Լ֪ӵ˵ͷһֽ˵ϣ֪ŷڵķȥ
ˣСףٸ鷳ˣˡҪֻعͷ˵Щʬ壬²һյ
׿ų븽ķԺѰһ²ŻߵǰԵĻת˷
ô˵֪Щʲôߣ֪ȥ

Īʯ͸ʯݶһҹ󱻴򿪵Բο׶һɫҹգûҲ£̾ĪŽҹ˸Ͳ֪ʲô˵ľ
һŮɼ֮˵ҪĻ޳ɷʬͱнʬʯҡֻһˣҹʱݶʯͷĵطͱûشһС¹սҹͶǲ֪ץĻ˸ʳãܾ֮ͻʩӹŮɷʢŵĲ֪˵ľǿʳá
ʯ֨֨¸±ĪӴ֪˭һϮۣĪһ
Īࡣ
ŮĪ

Ī͵͵һŮɿκαͷӦһǡ
ĪŮɳʯңһתŮֱֿǽϵȭͷͷǰʯǽһڰ֮еСǰŮ룬Īһ¸
С·Ī֮ǰЩ·ʯɶ߶ǻƺɫżԿ¶Ļɫʯͷ·ǺĹһģĹ˸Լµĺ·ĪһСĵΧһŮǰԼĪʱĪозӭӦҪˡȻ߳ԼһĪŮվ˰ɽϣΧĲľ൱ïʢҹȥѹѹĿ߼ʡ
ŮɴԼʲôĪЩɻ
ϵɽŮһָԶԼɼһʣ֪Ǻδ
Īݳǡ
ŮɵͷɻǵͬһҵǸ
ǸĪͽס˸սǵá
ãȥݳĸȥȳ
Ī಻Ե̧ͷŮɣ˵ͷӦ£ǡ
ȥɡ
ǣ
ŮɿĪ࿡ݵûڰ֮ǹһĨЦ⣬ǽԭȥڻݻİһ˵ȣվڸ뾹ʦͽײססһС䲻ֵԹʣһĪ࣬˶мּɵ

֪˽˺͹ƵԺã֪˵Ҫ˷ų֪ͬ˵Ҫȥʬִ·˸֪һ
ǰţһֵҹųһ֪æҾˡ
š֪˺һŷǱߣæŴ󿪺÷ǽָæݽƻˡ
Щʬû˶ɣ֪˵ɨһ۷ĸͣʬľ崲
̨ûУˡ
ţҹһ޼٣ȥɡ
߼ֳ֪һ˵ȻʶȤ˳ȥϻһжµ顣
֪˻ִƵ˱㵽ֻʣ֪סīˡ֪ͷһμīŷʣһλǡ
ƶһͽܣŵ˵ء
ãá֪ϼһ˿Ц⣬еλͽڴˣƷĽʬ練ˡ
֪˹һǿʼɡ
ãá
Ȼ֪ӦźãǴӸղһǰɫ֪ڡīǰ˴H˿Ⱥ򡣡
Ҫ͸λһ顣
ô㡣īһֱ̧㾶Խ䣬׸Ҳȥˡ
һα㰴ӡ˳򽫸ʬϵɻҿīų̀ͷϸĲ鿴ʬϵ˿ڡ
⼸ȫǱͬҧġīָָе
ʲô̧ͷųī

ʮ
īɻһһסʬ壺˵ģô⼸˻ʮɰͬ顣
ʲô׳ԾĿųīҧҲʬ䣿
еĶᣬǸҧιǵѪôʮԲ֮ҹЩҧ˾ͻʬ䡣
ô֪׸ųī
˵ġį̄ŵһŵİϴŷδӯ
֪һͬʵ
ˣʦճʦ˵ģ콫⼸ʬյɡ׿һ۵ͷ֪ʲôĳīī˵ʬ䡣
֪Իæȭ󣺡⣬⣬λһҪʬ֮ǰﱾ⼸ʬ״źá
˲ؾ̣ƶԻƴһʬĽɡ




 22 

ʬĽʬƵĹӳڽһŲ˴ˮ͵Ե˵Ŀֲ֪˽²˼ײϣֲһѽһ͵֪󣺡ˣ
л֪ڨڨһЦڵ¡
һ˵˳īߡīſ׹ߣī΢΢ͷ׵Ķ˵ҹ˳ǾͲҪٻ
ɻ̧ۿīû˵ʲôĿͶ֪ˣʴˣݿӴʲôˣ
ݣӴһʹţѾ뿪Ͼȥˡ֪˴
˰ձѹʬǰķֽת֪˵ˣڿˡ
δһӰŶһûԭվڷеǽ֮еҲһ˲䱻ڵءһ׷˳ȥͳīһûڰ֮У֪æ׷ȴһӰˣת˴

׼׷Ӱһֱ׷˳⣬ۿ𽥱һ˦˿ɳֱ׷ǽĺ˿Ͻļ֮Ȧ׽ǰһԾһƴĺģ˻һƺ׶ԸʵֻԼһ֮ͬϣӲԷһɳȴһקŽϵ˿ʹײײϺĴ¡
ʦ֡
Ӱס˵ʶã
Īûд𻰣ŨصӰȥ顣
ĸʦ֣СʿУ
ǽһ鵶ɨ׾һ˿ǽıһȥ񵲡һ飬һѹһ֦շķֽ룬һ㶣ǽֵһתһĨ׵ĲӡͻȻĪ̽Ť˽Ѿײӵĵߣڵȡ
ϵһתĪߵ
׿Īǽڰ֮Уãص̾һת»֮һϮµͷ£֮׾Ѿһ̬á
תīԼۣ߽ף޳ָװ𪾱ϵһߣ˵ĵڹġ
һ˺һƫȴѾڹٵ֮ϡ
ʦǰӹİʣộ
˴ѽϾ׵ļ˵ĪѾ¶ԺҪȻġ
Щʬ塭
ʬ壿֪¸òյѾīָմһ˿ѪԵһѻɡ
ǻʵ۵ĸͻȻ֮丮ʬ屻ɽʬȻͬСɣȥͱȻٲøѶ̷֪޹ֻҲⲻöһְصνһ²һ£Ȼ֪ܲͲ֪Ƕ˻˭һС©˷ο鱻ֻ֪֪ʹȵʬһõͶԸЩɵˡٳۻ಻ġײ֪īβ֪ԣĪളǽͬʱīװСĽ͵ײһƱһյʬף֪Ҳֵýⳡڸʬ屻˵ֶ֮ʧһ¡

ĪǽĹҴʱŮǣãܺãɳϵʿʦͽˣ
ĪҡҡͷûзԸĪ಻Զ֡
ŮߵĪߣһֹĪ°ͣʦʦЩһ£֪
ˡ
ҺúʦһǸִһ־ͻЩëֵѪ
ĪһЩ֪ĺŮɾȻ֪ҶûмӦŮȻͬСߣ򣬺ϡ
Īࡣ
ŮĪסȫµƤ⣺ڡ
ʦףǰȫ
Īҡҡͷ²֪С׵СԼ֪ε֪
ߡŮЦһΪҲ֪һʿܹһ˵༰˵һЩ鷴Ƴ˵㾹Ȼ֪
˵Ī൹ǵ溹գ˵Сײ֪Ϊʦδ̹ôԼС֪ϰ˿׾ȻûСѰһ
ŮƫĪ࣬˿ϣ˲һʱͿ
ĪͷҶ˵һ仰ŮɷŭҪȥץ׻
Ī࣬ӽ쿪ʼҲĻΧǣҪס;
ŮɵĻ˵Īʹʵ˭Ѿزԭ·ˡ

һҹ峿Ͷޡ׵ȵ̷ϴϲŻصīƺѾ˯ˣɷֱߡȴĶڳīϣ˫ֹһ붼ûСͻȻ֮䲻֪أֻǰһīѾԱߣô
ûС̯Լ֣СʱϰϼѾʱĳĥ֮½ָȥĪʱͽµֵ꣬ʲôĪ໹ʦ֡ǰˡ
ˣīˡ
ûʲôīͷԳī˵ֻҪν
ײΪȻƲƲǣѡ
īüҿףڵĹֻһͷѽ⿪ɵҩ
ҩϴֵʱ׺Ȼʲô˵⣬ߵôæȻڻݳˡ
ֻҪ˵泯ʹ֪ȻΪǣѾϾʱΣաīϵõ
ųʹϾ
ֻ¸ȥĻֹᡣ
ǣǾǡ
ֻ²ֹǣ;ҪСǡ
վ߿ųī˾һţͻȻȻͬԼһܲɷ֡ĪҲ˵غ˶һжŲȴ׾ٵľˣԼС
ʲô
ī׵ͫЦ⣬ÿÿ˫۾̲סƫԼһСľͱȥ˻ǣĵȴ׵֪īǿΪԼһһζ㿪ʲôҡҡͷ벻ס
ī׾һϸϸѾѪߣ̲סҧסԼͷƿߵĴӣˬʱڣīʱÿʱ͢վƣʱ⻶ľнʿƺԺ˵ǵĽǧ񣬲ֻһ۱ЩͬǾľʿһ嶯֮١ѵ˵Լ˥˵᣿īһƲЦ




⣨һ

ҹˮ²繳
һսǴʤ飬ʱկźȾƻȭī룬ЦÿһƵĽʿеҾơ
ƹѲвѼīϯŲоȥʱоʾǸڡ
⣬īһ⣬̾˿ǰʲôʱģ
ͷӦ
ī˵
Ÿųīоʡ
˭ģīһڵŷһһ𿪳ؼĹڰֽţɵǰĥ
㲻ڰִܵʲôīӹϵǺһʡ
̧ͷųīЦü䣺磬Ҹɡ
īͷֽ϶ľһһ
磬ԺûлȥҲ̳ʲôλĹҰɣʺϵǸʲôˡվīųīļ翴īд֡
ǻ˵ģܺҾģīεذһۡ
ǣ˼Ҳ˵ô͵ߵˣ
⻰ʵã򣬿ǣأֻ⻰Ҫô˵īҡҡͷ
硪ϳβסīĲӣž磬ôô𣿡
īִӲϽѾ˵ľλҪóΪӣɺͳ
ߡԱߵĺϣ˵˵ʺ
īҡͷľ˿õ⽻ʿͳصڿѾλװģһ鲻ɵö
ĽТ˭׼ȥģ
ٺһЦ磬Ҹ̰ɣСʱ㶼ѧԼɱȴҡ
īǰ飬˵ǰǰϽʵʵذȥʱʱެϮô⡣
̧ͷգһ˫۵Ŀųīﷺˮ⡣īתеˣ
һƤ׵ʿӦ󽫾
һСͺԴذ֡
ǣ󽫾
㣡ߵüŭָīԴӵʹ͸˸һһֽƬҲʲôӣλĸȫڿʲôӣڻʼҽ֦ҶԴӼ޸֮ڸϴȥεȴŲʣʲôˣСһܣʲô磿󽫾ʲôõʲôģϼ볯Ҫȥ㶼ؾΪʲô
īüһһƽȵڵأٺ˵
ĽТӵųīĨȥѪһ޶סī˵Ҵң
ī߬סĿһʡ
ĽТ̧ϥīĶӣīַһѹȥҪ𣿡
־Ͷ֣˭˭ӣĽТǲдıı뺷֮һ˫۾һĹ⡣
ߡ
վڵʿֵһǰһоʣһʱ䲻֪뼱æ׷˳󽫾
īͷʿһ۵շԸȥ
ǡʿһҴҶȥ
īĽТ˾կУ䳡һָϳеı˵ȥˣһȥ֮ǰ㶼ʵڰֵүˣȥһʵ
ã˵ģڡĽТ޷޵ĵһ۴ӱϳһ䵶
ۡ
ī˵ų齣һݰ˸ǰֵڼϰʱʽĽТ䵶һֱȡīս󣬳īһ񿪣
ĽТ䵶һתɨīתһĽТһųīĽī֡ĽТī֪ǽƱصסĵһ齣ƮȻ˿ߡ
ùī˵һֱѸ磬ֱȡĽТպʺĽТӦѾĽТѪӡӣʺϡ
㡭ĽТýॡһ˵ϡ
ī̧°ͿԸķ䣬ϻҵʿߡ
ĽТųīøīһԼˣߵǰסҪȥղʿĽТͻȻһ§ĲŽԼ촽ӡīһʱڵ²֪ηӦãĽТɿͷҲصˡ

ʿԴѾȫ͵ְֿʱīͼΪڵͼϻެϮ·ߡ
֪ˡīͷҲ̧ػʾʿȥȴĪطĽТ촽ɬζֱоͼ⼸˳ȥҲɢȥīסָ̧Լ죬һʲôʸЩ
˵ûУµǸ֡
֡
֣֣֣ʱŮԼ˽ʹ翴ԼʱĵڳīԴﱻ޵ķŴ
ԭԼ֡īЦΪʲôһҪǰ˿϶ظһ֣Ȣö֮Ȼһ֡
һĺһʿͣ⣬󽫾ǰʮﴦެϮ
޹ľ۽׼ӭսīһɨϵεı飬׶ӵĳ
⣬ڽʿѾףжӵȺһʱկɱڣֻȳīһЩƻĽʿǱȥɱ
īսһǧͬһ˾կīǧһֱʮͣ£ڿ̣ެľ
ķ紵ǵصĻۣãͬһެĻֳǻ׳ˡ
סӭսƷӵ¡īһ֣ľʿһתͷǰӱߺӣԱǰӣڴεرȥ
оǰֻյУս
īһ˰ֻެûжƴɱ±ȥެ۵糸һ׷һʮīܹĵطͱެӡȻٶȱ࣬һصµľʿȺ󳷵˵صļа壬һ㱡ǳܲһ۵Ĺ׷Ϯެݽȥ롣ǰװæ˵ɱ˳Щǳīϸѡģһ׺ʱѾެͷڽʿ׷սµެһٷ
սһīžʿǽ²ȫɱެϵıе˭ûԶһɫŹصķҲ˹ƿյ
һһ֦ӳīǰشīһĨӰɵЦû˳Ա᣿һƬû˻Ṱֽø㣬ҽ˶ʮĻ󡣳ī׹ʱֻʿһƬ

˭˭ɱҸ磿
ĽТͳīѻľʿҧгݵʡ
ǣǡ
˭˵һ㣡
ʿĽТŭģû˵ˣǣǡ
үүϢŭԱһģǰ
ϢŭڹײɵҸ磬ҪôϢŭ˵˵
ǸűҲ̧ͷ˵үڰɱ󽫾Ȼүˡ
ģĽТŭҪͷҸ磡
ǡ
Ǹһ֣ʿѺһɫͷҰ׳һ˫ɫˣԼĪûٱʿǱ޴ϵѶѾ˿˿ƣʱڲѪ˿ڵƤ©棬һ˫ЬҲûС
ɱҸ磿ĽТǰ۽ǳ鶯
ǡѾˣһľȻ
ʲô

ˣ
ʿǰӦڡ
뱾У䳡ϡ
ǡ
ʿǰ˾У䳡ȥĽТں棬һ˫۾Ѿ졣ȵʿϹĽТҽһģ壬һֱͬһһĽТһһ䣬ѪʬɵεϴһС̲һƬڲסο
Тˣסֱ֡У䳡ֹ
ĽТϲ֪ʱĴƬˮǰһΣӦýġ
úӣһȥ겻أΪþڰְǣõҲġסĽТӵȻѾȥˣЩΪɡ
үּ󽫾һֱվһߵĸǰ
ĽТһ۹᣺ˣ׼һɥˣ硣

īһֱΪһضҪ֪ԼôװײȻͻͣʱҹĽТ͵͵򿪹ײĽТરવϣҵۡ
ǹ׶ʱ򣬳īһƬ˺ѷεĿ޺ĸ״ϾʥҪԼϱ㻶ϲϲؽǸŮԴӳ׵˳һδһ¡
ֵǳīûĽТĿĽТǴСģԼĪǱ軵ˣԵǰ֤ʵԼݣСԼĪݷǳɡ
ˣһжǹ׶ˣīĪһӽͬκûκǣˡīĹյ˯ȥ

ڶ꣬īļգĽТĳڳīǰϳīϲվƣĬĬͬʯ
꣬ǡ
꣬ǡ
  
īһοĽТԼǰʱǱӲŲΡΡĹǰžƣ˵磬ٲöãҾȥˡ
īڲԶɽʯϿĽТϵıӰϦţԱģƵھկУ䳡ͬǸ˷Զ
֮ɽһһĹĹıͬīꡣ




23

һҵĴڰҹĺɫˮػţϵ߹ңںĺϷۣʱʱ޵˿֮ӴƮҡɢˮС
󴬶¥һ䲼ݻĴɢżɫͫɫˣеƷϵļͬĹǵЦһʱﴺޡ
߽ʱڴλһźɫ糤տ鶢ʣ˺𣿡
ǵģϡṪ
˻˻ִ˳ȥ
ԷʲôˣȻܽ˵أ˿Ȧ֧ãһָָֻԱ߿ŵӡ
һŽ£֪ҵʱڸǸʿ˸񶷡
ķ˷һ飬˵˵İ𣿡
ǵģϡһ£˵Ҳһ
ţǲͬ飿
˵ͷʹһģûлشҡ
мΪ飿˵𣬰᣿
΢΢һЦϣѧúܿ졣
˹ǿŰ᣺ȻҪǵĻʵۣȻ󡭡˵·ͻȻ˾ֱʣ˵Ľʬ
ǵġ
Ǹأ˭Ƚ
涼ûзֳʤ
Цһ˶֮úܾʣᡣ

īڿջϢһ֮ȡݡ˳ݷлɽϵȥ˵ǶԸЩֵǵĶɿ⴬ˮ·ī򶫾½·Ӧ췽
׾óī·֣ػأÿÿǰʱ㻻һ·۷ߣ߲ȥԶֹϱС·ת˷׼ʣīʾҪʣ
һ·תת򶫷ŻɽϪˮĶɿ˴ת򶫱׼뽭ؽ¡
īûϵǣһ׾Ϳʼ¸ͣˮδµ·ƮīվڴϱͬҷԸ¸½·ڳī׿ųīҡҡ֡
үλүһƬҲܺõ㣬ͷȥ⴬βȡҼҪ´æī֧С
ī׵ͷһ£׿ҸæӴͼƬЦŶԳī˵үöۣȥŰ齳
īӹƬˡ
GáϴҼǵ͸ˣҷбλүµûǹҲôƸ˿һһޣ´ʱǹȶˡǴ˵ȥˡ
ôһ˵Ƴ˳īһ۲Ұ׵οһĨĺɫҪīʢŽƬСӻ׺󱳵ϣ΢һѹױ㶯áīһƬ͵ߣš
׺סƬһ۽棬Ѹɫİ𪾱¶īīҧסͷĿӲıͶˮ档
īã׳ʣʼ˸᣿
šīһװƬ˳ʦֺʦܶڸš
̾һ˵Īʦָ̫ˡ
Ȼ֪ţôû˵Ҫ
ȻҪͬŮΪ鲻ҲաתʣСĲԾ᣿Ȼ²ɵǸˣҲµСϱȻʲô
ԼĪʦ˵ʲôīͷ׵˵ϰɣ˽ֻ¸
ô˼Ű˴
īһЦϰҲһǸϡ
׵Ŀīؿڣ˵˲źãǱǿɡ
īְ££ҹɫѾŨأ׵ڵҹɫһԵò԰סīкһűϸؽ׹ϡ
ױڳīСʱȦдֵһůֻǡ΢΢þϮˣ۾Ϳīžƿϸϸľӡ
ǲ׵Ŀ⣬īͷ۵׸һĨǳǳЦ⣺ʲô
ī㣬ʲô׿ųī΢΢ǵԼеɻ
֡īͳκθ顣
ģ
۵һ˿ѷֵϣīһھƹ𴽽ǣ˵ﱻ˳֮ΪѪ
īһЦĵĪ㺼ͣһһ¥īĿ̲֮סֽ̧һ˫īɫָͫⴥֱĵס
ף벻һ£ĵůǸǷˡ

ĪųīһֱŻɽ£ŻɽǵزĵɽϹɲƣĪ´ɽ֮ϲи˱ûҸųɽѡ·У뵽ɽһߵ˼ҲǶɽǸҪȥͬŮȴ˽סˡ
ʦ֡СͬĪһʦлҪҽʦ֡
Īһü˵ʦɱʦʲô˵ģӽұ㲻ʦ֣˵Īת
ʦ֡СδֻǸסʦҪ㣬벻֪˭ɱ㡣
Īһת۾ŷС˵ʲô
ʦҪ㣬벻֪˭ɱ㣿Сְѻظһߣÿֶ˵ޱ
˭Īһ޶סСӽ
СץĪ˵ʦ˵ֻҪһȥͰ׽㡣
ȥĪཫСӵϣɵ᣿
СЦʦôʦôһʱ򱻸ֹƻˣ
㡭ĪŷС֪˵ʲô
ʦ֣һȥʦʦֲֵĹƻ󡣡СվմĻҳ
ʦɱʦ
ʦ֣ۿʦɱ˴ʦ𣿡
Īһ㶿ŷС˵ʦҵġ
ʦۿ𣿡
ǡС׺˵ġĪͻȻʲôŷС˼ǣֲƭСףƭСȥʦ塣
Сһ˫ˮĴ۾ֱֱĿĪ࣬͸һԵ죺ʦֹȻǴˡ




 24 

ף벻һ£īʵʱһ£ԥŽִӳī۾ƿ˫ڵ۾¶ʲô顣
īЦЦĿͶޱߵĺڰԶ֮ǰ

һڷͫ߱ĿӣǣƥڳĽֵֹ֮סľ̾һĶǺεȵ˳ԵΪӵĳ購һ˵ĵط
ʱ϶ѩ׷ɣ˿Ӱ첻ϹͻƵǸǵ顣ŮŮŶȵõϵĻѩ֨֨졣˷ܵؿ·ɫɫ͸Ļơ
һŮײײײԵؿһյƳ֦ģƵ˻С˲һԷĵƹ⣬Ʈɵѩһγ˼ɫʡ
ԶĿԵ˻羪ΡŮ˫ȾȻһЦȹ׽Ŷѩããҹ
֮¥ǧһδȥѰǾˣӼΪʹͬӳʹĹ֮ҹѰ˼˵Ĺ֮СԴҹҹڹӹĻᡣ
ûв͸ǽܿ´ʵ۶Уһ֮ŭԭ⹫ʵһֻȽԪһǱ㽫Զޣ˵ȳ¡Ǻֻ֪ⲻһꡣ
ʵŭŹ˹ƱҪǱ빬еնɱڹǵӵİΣȻʵѪֳɵûʵ¹ֳ֪ȻҲһΪӷǳˡҵĶŮĲضŮ鳤ҲǰˡʵۼȻ֪ӿ϶ԼݶԹʵ棬ʮа˾ŹҲ֪οԽ׽סǻʵ۱ԹĸҪЮѡֻþͷ
ҹӵŹ˵ҪӲ˵ֻסʱ⣬ֻɬƿӲŷ־ȻѪ
㡭
ԲͿӵԶഺǶԹ˵ȻһϹĴѹ֮ϡ鵽Ũʱµذ״ӵ塣ӵһŹس롣
ͨһӵصڰһӿۿҵ֮Ѫģ

һ֮󣬻ʵ۱ױƽļĺǺĽΪԴʵ۲֪ĽҲ֪ʱȻС
Ľڽһ̾Ѿıͬ۵ĺŮ޲սֻ⺺ŮԴӼ֮ĽֻǾķɳҲ⡣

º󣬹һӤĽϻϲ쳣ȡĽ塣ֻкСͬһӲ̤벽
ֱк꣬ĽͬެսһɫǰһҩĽ֮㲻ٱһССĿռ䣬Ľϵ֪ǷǳˣţƥԴˣĽ϶谮ĶĽ塣
ȻܿЩõŮ֮䴫磬µǸ֡
ΪĽżȻڷʱڲڷžӵĹסһƾδӵĽ彫Ҳ֪ʲôõģȻһԵŮȴ÷˾ܣ౼ߴ棬ΪղĽӰӡ֪֮ĽѵһǾӳ˺Ľ˵֮˵ȻŮһȫ޶
ĽϳôֲڶůĴֽĽ屧Ľڲԭ֮ϣӳĽЦһšĽٴһЩĽϱ˺˵飬Դ

׾Թ϶תǶʮꡣĽѾ֮ӣպ˵ĹҪسΪйĽͬˡ
һĽ㷢ĸ׿ԼĹʣֻǵʲôڻʵΪֹ֮ĸױĽ壬ʵĽԤϣֻʵ۵ͷ׼Ļ˭˵һ֡
Ľͬĸ׻صذͬʵ۴ͻĹ֮ҩǰĽ塣ӸĽһ𾪵顣˵ĽһұѪĽϿĽĸò̽һҵ֮ĽɱĽǿռĸסĽ岻Ŵͬĸ׵ʡ
ɻǵó磿磬ӵĺ
סӵ˵ͷ
ǷΪ
ԣƫ˫ۣǱͬǰⶾ֡
֮˿һ
ֻĬĬصͷˡ
ĽʱŭգǡĽϴͬȥ֮ʱĽͬɱȵ֪ͬĽΪʱӡ
ǷǵǱȦѪǸӣȦҪﵽȡȨĿģ룬Ľʶ֮׷ɳĮ֮ʧټ
ǣҾȴء

ī̾ͷһھƣ׿ޱĲ￿˿īʣأ
Ľæͬެսֱ˶֪Ľսϱ˰ˡī˵赭дͺսƴɱľǸ޹صĽ塣
ī
š
Щش˯ɣˡ
īͷֻס֣˵ɡ
ǰĺڰţֻż⻩ˮ




 25 

ɫˮΧһжȾ˼⡣ĪඨؿסСϵɫĪ⡣
СײƭԼĪΪ˭˽ǸӵʵִޱȵӡǣС˵мģŮ˵ֵĲôԼ˭ī˵ɱ˳ԣѲɡ
ĪĿһתҪһΪԼΪСףҪи˵СױŲкͬŵ
СȥظʦͻɽϹС
СĪ࣬˵ʦ֣㲻ƭҰɣҿɲʦ֡
ĪĿ͸һĨ⣺ҵĻȥظʦǣǲ֮ˣ
СٺһЦʦ֣ˣҾлɽˡ
ĪҲֻбۿŷСһ򶫶ȥɡʲôʱ򹦷˵ˣĪ಻⡣
èͷӥĽĪջ˶ŷСԶȥĿ⣬ҪȥɽϸӦŮأǸŮ˿ɲһӦȻĪûмΪѹκһʬʱʱӹ͸ĺĪûкӡĪŲӴ¹߽·ïʢĲľ֮С

һƳƶʱ򣬳īǸƽȦڻ׿ųī۾һ˲˲ؿųī˯ط
һ˽Щˮ©ȫղѹĵ꣬Ǹһľ󲻵ϾһŸոտʼ֪īϽЩǰ渵Ǳǰδе뵽׵ǲԾ䣬νཻɡ
峿ڳīĴɰɫǷ޵غɫüëԵøǷ߳彮ʱɷ̲ס롣ͬһսɳ֮ͬԡЦ̸ūѪǱһ׮¡ײΪһӲȳԼΪ뵽ﾹȻ֮Ѫڡ
ʱ򣬳īһ˫ӣ׿Ц۵Ⱦ΢΢ЩȴȻͳʲôˣȣ
һͷվױδ鸡ּϳõһŵ׵ľһ·Ϯϣһײ˳ī
īַס˴գ˻ϴһ֮󣬳īǿ׳Щֳ࣬ò׷Ŵˮ棬ˮѼļ
ī㿴ˮҪ뽭ˡ
īͷץסĴסˣȻͽա
īδ䴬ͻȻһΣ߸ߵ˻ˮͬһ㽽һһžһƳߺȣ뽭
գ˿ŶԷǱ̲סϴЦ

ĪŮɵʱŮվɽĦŶϲȱȫĸڻݴԼǻƵսȣŮɶıڻЦȻתĪʣֺʦܸˣ
ǡĪͷ
ŮɵͷüĪഽ΢ЦĪ֪ܴ࣬ҲὫ
Ī֪
֪ôͽ뷨ʵ
ŮƱ˵ĿĪ಻˺ǡ
ŮƲɽȥĪಽظţԵҷʦѾлȥɽϵۣΪ˵ʦܰһ𡭡Ī˵̧ۿ˿Ůɡ
Ů΢΢Է񣿡
Īഹ۾û˵
˵
ǡ·ʦͽܡ
ǲϡŮɴĪĻһֱ㣬ѰġȻأ
ʦ崫һɽ
ŶʿɽŮɻĪ࣬ЦЩ˼Ҫɽȥһߵʦȥ㷽ʦϣ˳̽̽ʦĿڷ磿
Īͷ˵Ǵ⡣
ҲáŮߵɽһСʯα£ʦʬϺӣƺû
ĪŮᵽ״һ
˾ģ׽׽Ҳ޹ش֡Ů˵̧۶ĪһЦֻҪҾͲΪ
Īһл
ǣֻ֣²öԸŮ֣ǽСһ߽
Ī࣬ͬȥһ֮
Ī࿴˿һŲŧ·һģǣ
ȻĿѱ浫ǣĪ֪һڿԼЦңЦ⡣ɵĪཫ£ĵ

˵ͬ׶ڳݱ˶ɴ˳ˮ·ֱӦ졣
صݻδɽѾԶԶƼɽƵ´󾪣Īǣˣ뵽˴˲ЪϢƬ̲ͣسɽ
õſڣֻԽŨأſڽĵͯ϶ͬɴһĿһƬģ
ʦ塣СͯæӭԸԱ߸СǸȥ
гˣСͯ黭һȦס
ûС
Сͯŷ˵ȥһ߹¶ϲɫʦ֡
ֻӦһʦܡ
һӣ΢΢Щãڵǰŷ͵ŵ﹩ʦݣȻСͯӹ¯֮СŶ쳣ιʣɽ¾ܿ
ŷطһһ˵쳣ҲûУǰЩиӲ˱ʦԺ˽磬ҷֵ
ʲôԾĸ˲عأɽ°Ǻã
˷ڲСͯ˵ʦǱߵСӡ
ᵽéѹ㡭
Ҳɱ˴ʦô̧ŷ˽ⲻǾһֻɵӣǣƫƫϲɵӡ
ŷһ˫һ˵ǧ÷ƫͷ̾˿

ʦܣΣ㶼á
βãѵʦ֣ûɵˡñȥһƽǰ




 26 

꣬ʦ˷ڵţֻǷʱճСɱյʦųʱ٣ǻﴧһڽλǱ޵ңʱһòСʦ㣬Էʱķ˵ʿͬ죬á
éΪ˲ʦȫȰ˵κηڴˣϡéΪǫƺȻһƣǰһȨĴĽǰһٿ޷ʦò˫ڣéָѰһڵʱʦȥռΪ檣͵뽫ʦöδĻ֮֮⣬éûԼʦ¡ЩǷ֪ġ
ŵڶУΪʱ̫ʦҲ÷̵˳Ӱ룬ҲСʦΪչˣһȥ¶ⷽʦ㺡
ʱС£꣬꽥ҲԽ׵ĸ࣬ҲԽǸݾֹ󷽵ķʦ֡ʱ׳ˡɽ½Ӥ״֮Ͼ˼ֻǾľҪ׸ˡ
׵Թɴ˶é֪׾ǷСʦĺʱ޲ܽ˺ˡ
ʵҲȫȻ֪⣬ֻǣ׵ʱв޵ǣǺԶʱéǿռ

ȻͦεıӰֲɵó̾һʦܣʱǨһжȥˡɱ˴ʦ֣ԹҲˡ
תͷŷ⿪㣬˴𣿡
Ŀĵ˰̲ɵȻ⣬ǡ
ǰǵõˣʵҲǸޣʦڵĵԸҡ
ٿͷǰϵá
ʦ֣Ѿ޷˪ҪٱҼꣿ
ֶһ£˵ʵ飬׻ʱʮߣ׶֮ꡣʦǰм꣬ħִ򽻵ĵʿͨܶ١
ʦܣҴ˴λɽһ󡣡濪⡣
ʦΪ²ֱԡ
ͬһɽԸŮɺʹӷ֣Ҳѵһͬ׽
ŷãЦãʦ֡

뽭֮󣬴ϵҰࡣīڴͷķ羰˾˭Ҳ˵һһգƺҲηζһΣͬīһȾƣֻǺȹ֮µøȻյĻ˯˺īڴҲûкȹƣֻ˵ǲˮȽ϶θڡ
ʻӦػӵʱҹӦн꣬ǸڡνʮػĸʢϵδǵʵƸѸڵˮӳʮɫվڴͷĺӹҡҡͷ
ôػ벻õۣī
׿ŴǵĴĻ˵֮ⷱʲô
֮󣿡īǳЦ
ҹںӱһϵɴᣣ֮һĻĿɿڴػתһ۳īǺһͷ˴աīбһǴϰڰڵϵüҸ׽˴ա
׼ִٵصͷֱ졣ʱףԭ֮ҲͬŮ֮һǡ֮¡Ȼˣô֮ҲǿԴͬŮ֮ǰĸ᣿ײ⡣ôǴڿջīײؽָԼĴϡ
ī˲úЦΪҹԺ֮ĶԻû뵽Ƕ˻⡣
īЦ̧ͷһۣɫ졣
īÿס֣Լıӡϣ䲻ϴεѵˮȴҲֻǳֹ᣿
ƫ˵ͷ
᣿
ҡҡͷת΢΢ͷųī;
;٣̶ֻʮأ㵱ҪƭԼ
īһ˫ڵסס
׿һ˫۾ɣһ۽˿ӳԼӰӡ
̲ס̧ȴīסףֻʣǲҪƭԼ
ңȥ˷Į
ī΢Ӧá

ȥ˷ĮĪཫ仰һֲļǽСڽϳڽϵνסķɳī
Ī׵ĪȭؽڷġǰɡЦ˵Ҳиԡ
ĪбۣҪΪŮߵҾͲҶ㡣
Ķܡ濴Īﾡ̰ƾòֺαطҪСʿ
Īָ̧֣˳½ؿڣҪɢĻҳȫ㣬Ҫˣʦµ˿̲ڴ˴֣Ѿ֪˼ˡ
һԡ
Ī࿴ųī׵ĴԶȥѩ˪




 27 

īéɽɽµĿջȲʱ򣬳īԶԶؿ˷Сųīڵķ
īϾؿһһ߽ջվǵǰ׻׵ʦ֣ʦԸɽʦɽ
á
ӦȴīסīбŷС˵Ҹһȥ
Сīſջһ֣ʦ롣

һϵɽϰԵȥС˵ʦ֣ʦʦǱߡ
һ㶵ͷŷСȥסԺӡһԺ׾ͿͬԺڵʯ塣ȻѾȥͬһȻ׾ΪˡһϮ۵üԶɽ̶ŵͷ˼ķЦӯӯ
ʦʦ塣ǰ
̧ͷף·ϿЩ
ҡҡͷδʦʦ
һаãǰһʹűϰס˳еĹ䣬ӦþˣֻЩ춼δǳ롣
һԵĳīһ˴߶һĨЦһ˷磬һЦһû
ʹмˣīʡ
ԼĪʮˡ
īǵǸǾµ˵ʵ۵˿ƽ޹ʶô࣬жȻЩˣΪЩսҲϣҲǱϸȶõϢʵʾ⽻õıȻ٣·Ľֻôһʹǰڸع̽Ŀڷ綼˵ʹǴǰǰϵġ
Ρ
Σڵ
Ǵ׿˵ǽֻˣһرУ˳˱Ǿµķ򸾶ȫؽ總һӣڽפľȻʮˡī⵽˵ǲڻݳﻹһʱͬұһ㡣
ӭīĿ⣬˫ɫһƬٿʲô
ǣʲôӲܲͬе˷֣
ǳǳһЦ˵˱ͬһİɡ
īͷҲЦ˼ǣҵȣֻһҪɱľ𣿡
ǲᡣˣɵɽ̽ǡķһЦ
ôͷˡīͷ
һЦ˵Сʦֺλǰȥ᷿ЪϢ
ǣʦ

׺ͳīŷСǶ˵СҪԭķס
СתͷϴʵЦݣ֪ģʦ֡
ţ㲻ôȥˡ
Ǻãʦ֣ȴλȥ᷿
С˵Ҫߣīִϣȵȡ
ӿҪͬʦֽСųīĿ˼˸
īǣͬʦסһ鷳ˡ
ǡͷӦ˷С첽뿪
ĿͷС뿪ųī˴ӡ

ڶɨڵʲһҡ
ƿԺĴӣǰƮһƬҶٴڷŵ鰸ϣ𣬺鰸ǰһʢһĪ֮زز仪֮ڹ飬Ҽҡ ֮ززʈʵ֮ڹ飬ҡ ֮ززҶ衣֮ڹ飬ˡʫ䣬ʱգĪСԼе⡣ʱĪɽʱֻĵĻϲ˭뵽һɽ˷ǡºЦĴʦ֣ٲվⰸǰͬ˵Цˡ뵽һ̾
īȡϵҶţô뵽ʲôˣп
Īʦֱ֡Բ䣬±Ǩ޳
īֵ֪Ҳ⣬ַϲɫƤľ飺ңҲ
ֹסīĻ棬˵㣬˿Ѿɥʱ
īЦЦֽ뻳һգȡ
׿ڳīϣͷַڳīϣʮָ

ҹ룬ϤϤ˳ī´Ӵӵķ϶ȥСԺӡīüûгŷС߽ԺüѴšŵɫѾΪ곤վôƬƬİˡ
СӹµµתſߣȻǺ±׺ͳī֡ԼĪûӻһԿ׽ϵĴȡ£Ȼ
īҪҪȥʱֿˣŷС߳һˣīһǳԡ
С׻ˣԳһߡ
ꡣС˵ͷ˸ơ
ʲô㲻˵ѾС׵˷˯᣿ԵǺ޹˼ɵЦ
īһ۴˯ףĵֲ׳극ûжþ˯ˡ
С˳һ˵ǸʦһĲǻи֡
ָС׶˯
СааһЦԣԴˣ
ζؿһ۳īߣһ˵ҵˡ˵ɣҪȥʲô
Сų԰˰֣ԸСＸ䣬ֻҹɫСذѴȻŵ뿪ˡ




 28 

лҪ˵¹æϰӰ죬ûϢգҿˣ
Ϊü첻ղػû뵽Ȼˣллλ׵̧ʱŬ£ûǰʱб֤Ŭһһллĵĸλĳ˫Ϲ
ڶʱͣԼҲһϰ֮˾ٻ˯˳ôãжȻֽţɵɫһ
һ׵໨ʢ͸ĻɫˮĲݵǰ̧ͷײϳī͸Щ΢ǵĿ⡣
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ױ׳īҲѾˡ׽ӹҡҡͷīǱ߸һĨ΢Ц
ϴīҪɽ˵ۣסī˵Ҳʦһ֮
īͷẦ
׳һ漴˳ī˼˵ͷͬīһɽȥˡ

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Ӧ֮ɫ磬ī˼ջ˷׽Ϣ߿պȲĳīǲΪ˲ʹ𣿡
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׵һۣѵҹ˲Ų飿
īЦǡ
ΪΣ׳ī¼зִȴʡ
ΪΣī⵽ǰתף˵ͨϲҹûҲ⡣ңͬһ˵ҪڰûʵѣҲǻϰʱſԲóҩ̫¡ƺƽ߶ںܶͬ˵ġ
⿴ųīϵЦⲻɵþЩۡ
īƲǰȥ˯ɣҹ˵еæ
ǣҹѵҪҹ̽ݣ׵˲ųīʡ
Ҳ
ʱպϣ谵ųīȡԭһ·֮ľϮԭʵڳīϰĵ˯ˡī˯̲סĴָ˲ױ촽̽ͷһ£̴ɢȥ

ϡ
Ṫɫ̫ʦһСɵı̺˽ĿǾµı̺ջأ򰲶᣺ô
ʹ֮ڽ䱸ɭϣֻĹּ临ӣҾȻһʱ֮ûҵǻʵ۵ľӴ
ŶԲŭǺܵЦѡԵطˡ˸ģ֮࣬ңǸﲢܻӭ˵Ϊ׼԰
ǵģϡֻǵĻʹ֮֮󣬻ʿʵ۵ǣǣ治֪ġ͸ŵľȺ⡣
˿Űᣬ˵Ļʵۼ֮ػҺܶ࣬ʱٶֲ١
ǣϡ
ӶЦŷһжѾС

ҹĻٵʱ״جоѣ亹Ѿȫʪ͸ĵѹƲסĻûпī֮Ȼ䱻޷Ŵɢ֫ٺĪ״Ŀ־ֽŷȻѾǲεʲôڴ߶˶ڴʱīŽīصغһ˴ϡ
īŵнɫװεĺɫʳзŵϣڵ
˰ѵۻˡīһ̯ڴϣһĴаƽ¡
׿⻪ֿīǣ
ȥһǡ
׼̻⣺ǣѡ
īǴżϷʵ΢Цͷ׶ߵܴܲүȥ߻
һۣԵǰԹ˼īԱ߿̿
һЦ׺Ȼʲôͣ˿ӣʣô֪ǻȥ¥
Ѫϲ֡ĳϡī˵Ҳ⡣
Ϊ׵֣
ī̾һ˵ͷ
ײִ˳īϡ

˳극״˳īͬīһӿջʱػϻϵĹǷ׷ۿīѾֳҲ⣬ټŮӱЩǻĿ⿴ЩҲס޲Ҹȥ
źȻǰһվںӰȥīƿЩֵ˴ӺһӰȴ˼Ⱥ
ǰĪභһһһ޳Ӱһ𡣰ͬһͷɫͷڵƻӳ¾Ȼ˵ĺÿϸлȴǽֱҪĪжǿУṦݡֱһδִδԾһںˮдüֺÿúӰ߹ۿǷ׷ֽкá
ʦ׿ĪִۣĬĬߵǼǰȥ˺档
īջĿ֣ȺֻɻĪʱӦΪԼ֪

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޼ɵǲᱻīԣӢͦüһʣī˻ȥ
˴ӽĿƿϳīģĿཻǻĽƫͷͬԵһɫ̷Ը䡣
ֻԳī˵Ҽλȥͬ
ī˶ЦˡĲ˵ĺܺá
лл겻Ц֣롣

īͬߵ˵ǰ˶λʾ¡ī΢һֱ




 29 

лҪ˵Ӱ챻鳤챻ЩԱ۸ˣӦ̰ɡ˭ۿ۸
ôò֣ĳ˫Բңƪİһ֮ٷTAT

ĥڿҪȥˡ
ǳһ˫ɫˣųī׹ŴǶǰӡǱڱֽ͸Ĳסζİɫͬıɫӳɫ쵣һΡ
ī΢΢һЦǰһģһıԵҹⱭǺ¡
Ǻ˵Ʒ֪ǧ٣ҹ֪λǷ͹⣿˾ٱ
ɣ˳ǧī˽һơ
˿ųīЦЦҲеľƺȸɣѧתī׿һ
ײֻһƺ¡
Եǰ˽ϡ
˿ųī˵ʮϲǺ˵ʫʣλɷͽһ
뽲¶Ȼ֪޲ԡīЦԡ
һʫȼݽڸ̫ͬһֱͽ̡
ԣڰҹⱭĳīǸһĨЦѾѻ˵ײˣǲźͳīͬ࣬ûбҪͬСīоƱ̧ͷӭĿ⣺ʫдΥˡ
ųīһ˫׵ӣﷺɫĹâ𣿡
ȷǡīֱɫĲͽʢɱ⵭ص
Ͽܵıײɵסе˿ǡ
ôʲôأ˵ָϵΧѰֵǣǶݽ
ǶǶݽīһСھƣ˵ֻһĿͶЩЦм䣬ǣǻ񣬽˶ѡ
΢¶Щ޿ɱˡ
īЦЦҲ⡣
Ҫ̴ͬȥӳī߹ʱīһѯβˡ
𡣡˵ȥ
īǴɫҹⱭ˰ͷеѾƣתͷףȥɡ
׵ͷҵ˶ԷʵԶֹֻʮˣڻݳһصʬ塣⣬ҪͬʱԸŮɺʹţƾǣʤȫޡ
׿ǰĳīƻһĨӰҹɫ֮кī·˷׷ײ˿ó·׾Ȼûп׶ǰѾɳ֮ϵɱ֮ղ¥֮УīžƱͷ˼֮ʱ׾Ѿ絶ùб޵ŨüȾɱ⡣Ϊһһˣûʲôǰһвս⣬֪Ȼǳīݡ

صջĪڳī׵ķǵ˶ЩȡīĪĪ
׳һ£ߵīߣĪſԣǱһ̾Ϣ˫ۡ
Īźڰ֮һŰ忡ŵĴ΢΢һЩȣСס
̧ۣǰЦʦ֡
ĪЦЦûٶ˵ʲôתĿͶīСߡ
īһ˫ֻͫǶĪǳЦû
ˮ̫ҲǣΨһһܴ뿪ġ
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Ϊʲô
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㡭Īϵƺճȭֱɫĸڲ԰׵ļϡ
ʦ֣鵽ﲻ˭ܳˡ׿˿īɫĲ˵
Сס
Īࡣī߸һĨǳЦ׵ҵĸá
ĪųīãŻǡ
͡
ī׿Īںڰ֮ƾʧ֮䳤õرžס
ī
š
״Ƴʱī裬ݵʱײ޵ǵǳݲһЩʡ
ġīһڲǰǻŮܻнİ취
׿ųīǳīһ˫īɫͫһƬ֮ʲôҲ·һжǺɫƺеӰӶҪǺɫû
īǶ׵˼²ֵѾ֪̽İǵĶˡڣҪ
ǡ
Ϊ˷ģԭĪŮɾǼٵġ
ٵģȻ
īӻͳһɫĹУ⣬ӦҲһɣ
״ӳīннӹϸõ˵ͷ
ǰʵʹͳµģһ
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ǳԸҵġ
ԣ
㻹ǵôӸھԺɣ
ҼǵãСʱҺĪʦֻгʦֱʦȥʦ˵Ƿ޷ȻħĽء
ͱ档
ԣ׿ųīסй׹ء
װŮɱĪģ
ʦʦ˵Ҿˡ׳˿µľֻ˿ǸɫĹС




 30 

лҪ˵ӰӺƽֻܹ°࣬ǺԶĿ
Ϣհţš
īϵĹм𣬿˲𾪵ӣǳ棬ҲĪᱻԶڹ
ԣô֪
̾һī

Ƕ޵ҹīȵС뿪˴ӾͽײʧķȥѰҳԡ
īѰԵʱʮһСӱߣǽºĪ˵ʲôīڰۿʦֵڶ̸ãĪȥʱƫ
īĪԶˣǰס˳ԡԼ⣬㶹֮Ҳ˼֣Գīǵȥ˵ɡ
īųԳ˳ǣһǰһһĹһαɽͣǳ΢֣һƬԵĿںڰ֮ѩīڳԵעɫӭŹⱳվڶڣںڰ֮ϲ
ҾԿżɽ˵
īͷų΢΢һЦĬϡ
һԿŶڣųī˵ҪȷСײ
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ԵĿٿȻ֮ŭǣīȴɲ˵һսδˣտڰЩŵкã
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仰óīĸ⣬Ӧȥжʮˣʲôʱ׵īéǴε֮Ѿ֪һ֮źܸӵľ𣬿ǣʲôĳ޿һһȥŮ˶Źīĵݳһ̫Ϣ
ҲˣһЩħĪҲСĪ˷
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ңɱĪľС׵ΪĸӺԣС׵װȥɱĪࡣ
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˴Ļֻ벻ʦ巢ΪܳȥʦСףҺĪѾ֮ڣȴǰ·ɱĳҧ𡣡
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ԣīǣüĿֳ֮ЩѵһĲɣ֮ɫΪһԸѪףǷֻݵһĻ
ԼīЦΪĬˣǽӵҲֹκ£ֻҪܻСȫ
лл
īͷԼϡĳ֮ӳڵϵļɼӰʣ֪ŮС׵ٰģ
һ벻֪ҲѡһЦ¶һŲҰ׵ݣʱˣٲȥˡ
īһͷĿͳԱȥ

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ī׾һüͷֻҡҡͷһľҪŪֻ»Ҫʷ
ĬȻı΢΢ɫ
һƳڴʱڰ




 31 

ѽڶʵرʥּƻҪ֣ͬǰ㿪ʼдĹپ̲Ŀ֮ˡ󣬽˽ֵڵ컹δй˿ʼڽ׼ĵƻᡣ
īվڴǰŴæµĹ˲мعǡ
ҹЩֵĺʱ򡣡ҲŴ¡
šīߵ˵²ʲôʱ֡
ƻ֮ϡ
īҡҡͷ˵ƻ֮󡣡
漴򡣵ƻ֮˶ҺڣǽҲȻ䱸ɭϡң˶ֲôסƻ֮ʵ۰ȫعȻ˶һʱֵĺʱ
ױصؿīʲôˣ
˶̱ӡīĺ֮ͫиһĨɫǰĿŵֻóīɱŨ
ǡ
īе粻һЦʤʱŮɺض֡

Ƴϣƽ̷ƼĻŵɽһ㼯ĵյԭҹɫӳù롣ĵƹ֮ͷܶЦƺڿ̫ƽ⡣
һϮ°ӰһŮȺ·ߵĸʽ̸ָЦȻһɲŮò»򸾣ʱ۵Ŀ⡣ֻǣܷ֣ӱֻյýģָ֮Լɼһ˿졣

ʦ֣Ī⺢ӻǲءһں멵ջĿ⣬ƾ߹Ů˵ĵЦ
ĬֻĿǶ˵ӰԶĵƻ֮С

ᣬǵľǶôȷΪͬط˵޷ڵſЦ⡣
ǵģϡĿ⿴ǰ治Զϣܿһжᾡ֮С
Ϊ˱ʾʹӣͬʱҲΪʵ쳯ķٲʢʹűͬʵһյĵȻᡣ
ٿȻĿƮԶܿ죬ǾͿԽ˽һ˫ɫﾹ´档
ҲȲҪͬˡͷǳЦ
Ǹ߰ļһ˵ϺҲһĨǳЦ
ǰڵƻҰλͣȻ˺ͰῴǸһͷع˷һС¹ٵߵ뻷Χľ»ĻЦŵ˵ͷ
ϡһɺײĻ߹ǰ̻ʱҪʼˡ
šʵ۵˵ͷعϵζӳЩӰ
ʵۺٹ˿żХҹĻ֮ȻէͬɫʣȴƻϵİմʱȺʶϲһһɢȥ

һҹ֮Ϩҹʵɺݻعٹٻʥݵͣ£ĵɽꡱȴͷҲһ¡
չˮţҹ֮жȻɳһȺ޴֮ϵĻʵۣǵйһ󾪺
ֵ֮ʱкü˵ϣʵ۱̻¹Χм䡣ٵȥʱȻһһһΣһʱľ
һ˫âɫ鶢ع֮ӣ۾Ƿһ˿Цɣҳɡ
ģĵǿ־ǳȴǿ򶨣ӣ֮𡣶θǰ
ӣѸײڶֲ֮ʵ۵ľ֮䣬ֻһֽԸѸݵ̬ǰ
Ȼǳˡ˿Я۾¶ϧ
īһ˦ֽһǷ𲻶¹ֻɱȻ
ϣ۾ɫͷİǰһסī˵
īһϮ̤ǰͬīһ忡ָ
˫Ľ֮ת˲ţԷԶ׼īкóؽĻס˶Էпܹķλ
һԾʵԣ𾪣ƶȼݵġ־һ죬ڻʵΧ˽磬һȦһ𽫻ʵȦһ֪ĿԸЩԶֵİ취׵ĿضסЩΧī֣һ˲˲
Ƴմһɫ̷ֱɵԶ빬ǽ˲ֹΧĺ˿ΪȻīΧġ
أһƬźİ׹Է׵糸֮ƽīΧĺڰɨǰΧȦʱɢɢ俪ĺǣ򾪻ؿųī֮зɵӰǧ˺ͰһȻͬʱִϮīǰѡ
ī۵׵ЦһţָʽڰϸҪīʱһϮ°ĪƮȻֻʳжָϸʱ硣ֻóīһת׼˽һʩչȥ
ŭϽĪ͵˹ȥĪ࿴һ˲֮ѾԼǰ˽ָ佣һһĨۡһļ쭳Ѫ
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ǻʵۣײֻܻܳܿӳ˿ӭǼꡣֽýݣ˿轫ͻʵסԽԽСȦ֮Увϱֻһצ˺һĿӣҧ촽ûзһͷСԽ˷ܵףǰһһӰǰǳԳƵ

ʱͷҲ̵ʱīסĪࡢϽѪ߰ߣԷҲأ۾˺ͰֻʣɢɢС
޳Ľˮһȱ볡˽ɢ䳡еСʰ˱ֱȥīĪࡣ
ʦܡסӸһķˮҴ̣ŷЦ⡣תһͦǽ̤۾ˡһжҴ̴Ӻ򰲶Ѩ
īѾθ۾Ƥʱһսָ۾һˣѾǽ֮¡īüһıΪ̣۾ıǽϱһ͸Ķ۾ǲŵؿǰＤѪήǽ¡
۾һʱһ㱻ĶҴ̴ǰشѴ¾͵˵ϡ
ɨΧѪȺ˵ĳʵĿ
ֻ᣿īĿ⻺ʬĪϡϳīĿĪһƫͷЦӯӯĻؿīЦгīһ
ȻƲһŮʬնֱףͬʱӰףֻֻһͣī״һײΪʲôĪͳ԰;ָͣлɫϸֽм䵽ϣӽ»ȪѰʦˡ
Ҫ㳥˿һ˦ֱȡš
ףĪǣ뿴Ҳͬ³ɣ
Ļ׻ͷŮʬ׵˭
׻ͷʱûпͷͬʱ־˶϶ڳŮʬɫҲǺӳӰʱʱģȻŮʬһǰؿԼӹֱ
ʦ֣һһŮͬĺ׻ֻŮʬ֮䣬Ѫ
ʦãѽʦϵ䣬ҶȥɡǺϵشַһ־䣬ŮʬϷӨӨĹ⣬һɷѿǶ
ʦ֡Ůĵڴлˡ
С濣ֲع㽫׸ˣԷȥˡ
ĬĬߵǰְظЦӣԷȥˡ˵ĳī΢΢ͷ֮ڰҹȥ
ʧĵط֣ƺһĸ׵ᡣ
ȡʱסǰһצ˿ڿȳһѪʦܣ㣬ʵǲãĪͳȺݶ䣬ڣֻһʱ֮ɢ㣬㡭
ʦֵ֡̿طסһǰ˾Ҳˡ
֪Ҹ㣬ȴҲֻˡָ̧۽ǣۡ

ͨһ˳óصľףȴŷʬϡ׿ŷһ޾ĺ⣬ϲ֪˭ĽݺݵϴȥҲܣֻеĽϡ
īϴ˼֮ĬȻǰס׵֡˼ûѣŭصסīīֻĬĬĿֱеĽ
īױʱŮӺȻ֡īĿŮȴֻĻʿȥˣȻôϲѱɽʬҾʬζ
ŮӰûڰ֮ʱīһŮ˵ħѾȥԸڡ


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׽Ƭ̱㽫ǲ˺÷飺ԭҶʱԼʦдģڲҪˡ
īЦЦ׼ĹѨȥͻȻīоϮһ׶㿪ˡӰֻһЦҸ꣬ڿΪʦˡ
С״֮ͬīһֶ㿪֧
ǷСƺѽĹлȫ͸˸Ķ׺ͳīζܶŸշӲͬĽǶ
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