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1


׼ʱߵʮҲִӣļ˯ߣʮӺڲԸϴ̡һһְҵװϰࡣ
ÿնˡ
ңһͨϰС죬ûʲôر֮ܿܿͨһ
һһѹֵĵĳҪǿѾ궼ʧˡ
ǾһȥȺȿȣĹĸܣ
ʱһִ֣֮̽
ҲĩһȥëǵĹͬá
ƽͨģҲʮ⡣
ʵǷǳͬˣʷƫǣȴСŮˣƫԡ
ʷҰա
ҲҲһֹ۵ˡϸ̬ȣʱǲأ
Ȼ˵ϲĴԽС˵ҲʷĺۼȴܱЦ
Ѿܾûкȥˣӳһʱ䣬ԴӺѷֺұűȽѹֵ
ٲǰǶλúֹۣһҪ£˵ҪңҪһȥʹΣʵ֪ȥܾˡ
һĪӿͻȻͣٵļ룬һʹĪҪӵĸоͷеأǵվڹʹ㳡ΰĽһʱĸо
ҵ״æô£Ҷ˶٣飬ƽĪһ档
ߵúܿ죬ƺọ́һϤȴİһſʼһֱΧңָоҺܲ
Ϊʧ֢ҲûصһԲϵҽ˵ʮָ߰һ߿һգҲϵĸиţҲС
ջʱһó̽ڻؾƵ·ϣһС̯רַƹŶСҶЩƵĶȤԹŶĪϲǰѵİְмŶ꣬ҵҲȥ䣻
û뵽ȴȤȥ֣ǹ˹ʹӦ۵£Ҳ붯ֻؾƵϴԡһҵȥ컹ҪȥɽҶء治֪ľ
ٰ㲻Ըĥ䵽̯ǰ̯һ뷢׵ͷ룬ô¡
ƵĶʲôõģԱѾΧһȺˣ෭ռʱЩӵ̲ס˷ۣڽӵҲźʵС
еһ֬ĽָܸţҲ£֪СȤСʱСǳġ
̲סһ׻ͷû뵽۹⻹תרҲѡһѹɨһӣɫɷǺÿм仹ŵɫһ۱ϲˣɵϸۿ䲮ĹŶ꣬ЩȻҲЩĵãòƵû
ϸʱ׻ͷͶŹֵһۣҲɵһڹʹǰĹоִӿæ
ѡҾˣأ
˺ˣҲѡСָϽǮɣҶˣô࣬ͨ
æӦҲˣһҲѹˡ
ڵûиղô۵ȥ˯ˣææǮƵı˳ؾƵꡣ
һţȲؿָˣϣʺòÿƺãȥԡˣҵϰߣһصңϴ裬࣬Ȼضɳӣһʳ⡣
ˮϣϴȥһƣͣŸ裬ֻͷñһ£æָо治ܡ
һ£ӻ治أҲ㳣ȥˡ
ǰȥʱҲһȥ
ҾӻأǸ㲻㣬㳤ôŵ䣬ڹŴ϶һˣôͲϲЩСءЩʺġ
ҸϽȥϣȻ治֪߶ʲôʱˡ
Ӻһô£벻ԵƷ˰ɣһ֣ڴϱ
ȥϴ裬ˮһҿӣӱγƤܣ˰ɣ㰲ĵ˯ȥѵһᣬԡ˵һ
Ȼңȥҹ

2


һĽң룬ҳȥҹˣͷʹŶ۾һҲˣǲҪȥˣžúÿҶҰ˯֪ģֻ˯ȥ
֪˶ãˣ룬һ˯ÿĪǴ˿Ҷɣأŷҵ˻Ƶÿ£Ҳûѵðˣ
Һ˼ʣͻȻ˼
ô°
ˣˣСˣ
һͷԵʱ򣬾һĽŲٶתͷʱһůĻǰһƬڣ룬˭
תתͷһ⻳ԸſˣžͿ
ˣΪҲˡ
ȵȣȵȣô£OHMY GODʲôʲôһҲ˿޵ʲôΧĻ
ɫĴʣбӣдһŮˣģĵӾǲʧˣĸϷģȻϷǲǲҲø֪һ
ǰӾľ飬һӳ˻ҿ޵Ů⣬ƺѾͷ磬һʮãķʱ긾Ůڷſңҵο˵
лүѹˡ
ԸǸҴ߼еǸСѾͷ
÷㣬죬ȥү˵Сˡ
һ̣÷СѾͷ˳ȥҿıӰʢ
⸾Ůҿ廹ﲻʵʱӿǷڵŬѹǰеļ䣬ҼǵھƵ˯ôһˣ͵ҿĴԽС˵ģҲǡ
һ󷢻裬תǰһڣһкֻˣʶ˯ȥˣֻҪ˯һֻȥƵ꣬Ȼڶȥɽ
ʵ֤ԽүǲԸģٴʱһûб䣬ûеӣûûлˮ
ҡĿǴԽˡǶҿ̫ഩԽС˵ıô
һ󷢶ﻹǲ˼飬ͻȻʶʲô˶䡣
ȻǸ÷ѾͷظϴεΪһϷȻݣǸҽҪΪҲˣһӵѾͷǸ밲ʱ۾ɵԲԲģòٴγ
ҴԽˣ

3

ڲòĴԽ󣬵һҲͻȻ뵽ʲô˵
澵
Ϊԭƺһز˵ҲûɣǸ÷ѾͷæıһͭȻھӿҲ˿ԭֻƺ࣬ƤҲϸ˲٣СҲǽʳ
Ȼûб䣬װ绹ҳһĹͷΪһҲʮֹ⻬һȫ׵·͵Ͽõһģһоһˡ
Ҳ֪Сʲôһݵ˿˿
÷㣬ѾߣСúϢ
Ǹ긾Ů˵ĻҲɵôԺ󽫳Ϊˣ̫ˣüۼ仹͸ʱԵû۽ϸϸƣȻŷĵ΢ЦĺôȰҵ
뵽۾һʪ֪ˣŮһص˹Ŵ֪ôءŮҵı£һ޷Ϊֵֹġ
Ȼ廹Сģ˼ȴ˰벻ףСôҳôأҲһӡ
۾ȥ˿Ǹվˣһ۵ĸоӦеְ˰ɣúӣҵĹŴӾ㷢ӵóˡ
Ƕȥɣ÷£СúϢҳȥһˣǺúÿӷ˻ȥ䰡Ǹװ
ȻһȺ˱ȥˡЩڿʣ˵÷㣬ҵˮʮصˮңҳЦЦ˵ллͷˮ
һˮûü£÷ȥʵ˵С㣬ǲʲôС㾡ܷū澣ǧҪɷū˰ˣʲôʲô
ƫƫʹʲô̾˿
÷㣬ɣҽţл㡱
ǵøıһִϰߣѾͷѬյūʮ㰡Ժúúáˡ
ū澾СԱվţСлʰɡ̾˿ˣӦɡ
˵һ£֪ʲô˽Ļ˵òãƵð÷ŵðˣ̵һ°ɡ
ҿ˿ȣɤӣ÷㣬ҡ֪ҵһ󲡡
һ£ͣصͷţãּ˵һ˯Ӳ̫ʹˣǰö鶼ˡ
ҿһ˼ӣ뵽ʲôƵģ˵˾䣺µģС㣬ϴ˵С㷢գӿһʱزúһʱͿˡ
ҵͷ÷㣬ܸܲ˵˵ǰ飬һˣ
С㣬ǿʮꡱ֮ﹾһ䣬ôСҲ˰ҲһЩұ֪⡣
üˣҲŸףԭСޡʮ꣬ĸ¼ϣޡ£ԱɣƷĹԱְ󣬵ҲС˼ң˵ھ̣Լҵ㸻ԣ
ޡΪԵƤŮװȥ棬γ棬ײˣͷȻؼңѾˣֱ÷ҲΪطղŲ£ǰ˰ӡ
ˣӻ÷ȥϢԼ˯˹ȥţʵϸһ㡣

4

һ˯ú֪һЩϢƿʼãɣһѾˣ⴩ֽл˽ɵøиһŴ⻹ĺů
鲻ɵôҲǴˡҲ˲٣ŴĴ治Լý÷ڴµһ㱻ˣţ÷Ѿˮ
С㣬Ѿ˰̫ˣ˵СѣѾûдˣû뵽׼ء
˵ž͹ȥϴˣҲͻȻüûϴˣһϷǲ˵°÷㣬ϴ裬ȥ׼һ£𣿡
ҲʳֵС㣬ŴϰһҲ֪С㣬°մһĹ⣬š
С㣬Ÿպãһô죿ɻûء
һӻ֡µģٲϴҿҪܲˣȥ׼ɡ⻰˵ĿģΨܲˡ
÷㶣ȥˣҴھǰŹ濴ұʵǲͬģԭҸ۾ޣ⵹Һ⣬ִҿİٶȵĴӰôûһȻҿɵúΪʲôûȥˡ
ƺѾӦڴʵ˷ۡĴⷿȻǸѾͷͣҲûٻױƷֻһЩ򵥵װΣҲԣһʮѾͷŪЩʲô
վ¹񣬺̵·ɫޣҲѾͷԸ񡣿ŵҲ棬ȥдʱ򣬿Щʵİǰûйһϸ治
ֻӻǾ24ͣôɫأɵüԭ165壬ڿƺֻ155ӣй
ţſںнŲΪ÷ˣҲ⣬תȥȴſվһ͸µкͨ죬ǸոܹģϺܾϲı飬תͷһѳ˫סҵ˫磬ѽŶСһѵ֪ϧ𣬿ڻһ˵ӡ
üҪѣСһƺûпҵʹһҡҡãû£û̫ˣһֱõģûиȥˣãûйҰɡ
ҷ˷ۣôһ㣬û÷ʵϸһ㣬ʲôʱֶ˸ˣɻؿǰһϲ˾
˭
Сһһ˿ֺһ˿˵۾ǵģѽͷʹˣû취ֻһˣ̷ҵ£ѿһܲˣû뵽Сһ
ãͷ𣬶ңһʱżˣϢһ¡
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôʹ룬ʱô˵أŲ˻ɡ
С㣬ˮˣҪҪھϴ÷ҾһϽ÷㣬ҵĴ˰Сܵ÷ߡ
÷ǿ꣬һүôﰡ
ץץͷǵӣ˼ͷܳȥˡһƵһƵˣǸ㲻ס
ˣ÷㣬Ͻ׼ھҪϴ衱
÷ӦһȥõˣС㣬ˣҲ˦˦ͷߵȥ÷㻹ͦϸĵģľͰмõ廨ʲôġ
Ҿ̾һ̾ȥ뵽÷㻹ߣ˵ȥɣԼͿˣˣҽ
˭֪СѾͷ¿Ƣַˣǵźϴ裬һ鴤νеñʧˣҹԹԽȥˮǲϰ߰
С㣬ҸСϴɡԹ˰ϴᳵ·ģǰϴˣ廹ǺܽӲϴġ

5

ƺѾǴˣҲòڷ㻽÷㣬Ҵһ£ȥüûмˣ֪Ϊʲôûң÷ͷһæЩ·Լǲģˡ
Ūúҳ￴˿ô£εĹټС㣬÷ֺɣͷҲŪúÿΪδˣıӣͷ涼ҲһŮӵϵױܵɫΪղãһ˿԰ף˵֬صͷһš
Ѿˣ⼸Ƕ磬ҴĻʱ򣬿һ㿴˹ʲôˣ߹¥̨ˮ鿣⸮Ǿ£ΪڱȻû԰ֵҲһ
̫ܲ΢棬պУ԰˲ٸʽֺͻһľ
޷ȥݵ̫ϸ£֮иİ꣬Ҳ㲻һߣһ߿ҲǴãͻȻ뵽ʲôߵһͤӣ÷ſϣ
÷㣬Ǹүʲô˰Ҳǵˡ
ŶС㣬ǺԶ꣬ǷԶֶӣСϲһأҲС㣬ԶүİǳĴء˵һĽ
Ѿͷ˼˰ɣ־Ц÷Ҳһ
С㣬ū澴ȤˡȻˡС㣬Զүܺء
ҴŹæ˵÷㣬ȥҶɡͤӣ÷ȥе¡
ȻŴҿһ㶼֪أϽ÷㵽һƫƧ÷㣬ҵȻ˶ô񰡣ЩҶء
Ԥڵؿ÷ǳ鴤һ£ǽô밲ˡѧò̫ˣӦһ°ɡ
÷̵ģ
Ů밲
æңѾЩɣ쵽ɣ⼸æŸ飬Ҳûȥ㣬˵ˣҲͷˣˣ˷žãҲһļλɣ
ſԱ߻վżŮأˣ÷Ҳûи˵תһ۾ķ˸
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ǼŮ˵Ҳû˵ʲôҲ˹Ȼҿ㶣Ҳû˵ʲôֻк÷㣬úÿң׼ܣǰҲǺ亦
׼ڸǣû뵽ﾹȻȥҰ꣬˵ҲܵңˣҲȥˡתȥ÷ȥ;У뵽Ǽæʡ
÷㣬Ҷǰң
÷㶣ǰС㣬үԷ˿ɺˣСҲء
ҲǣܳȥŮװһټС㲻ˡ
뵽ǻһµı飬ҲǿˣԵѾͷȻҲѹ֡
⸮ﲻ󣬵˰鷿Ҳת˲ٵ·ͬ˰꿴һ£޴󰭣ֻǽѵһ׼ٳԺ󣬱һȥˡ
ǰԸ÷һȥ٣˵ǼҪ鿴ġ
ұ˷ۣû뵽˹ŴҪЩ¡÷ȥˡ

6ƻ

ëʵò
С㣬үˡ÷ſڳ˵һ
Ŷһվ֪үúãԶѾվſڣϴε飬ԥء
磬
СӣֺˣĪǡɲУ׽εģţԶѾ
ڸʲôأѾ˰ɡ
Ŷһæ磬㿴Ҳᰡһ½쿴һۣǺǣ֪һ˼ɣҳգգۡ
£ˡá
磬òã鹥ơ
ãúһˡץץͷͦõġԼǺЦڴӦˡ
÷ֲ֣ӣǰ羭۸ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ԶİǳĴأӦõλͣ͵Цһ£һڰҿһ£Ǻǣǣĥſȥſϣֳ
Ȼ ܽźͲ߿˿á
û뵽Сӣͦġ磬ڸˣȥߡ˵½ǣ۽бһӡ
ãϴôصˣ㰢겻ȥġ
뵽ֵĴԵǶˣÿѽڱ˼װҵ۾ˣˣѾˣҲ֪ңԶôˣһȥ˱;ҾͻȻûˡ˲ղסȰȾҾȻ֪ҴŴ󣬾ȻôˣҪִ˵̻ҵǰɡ
Զ¿ɾûˣæңҿ޵Ƶģһ߰Ҳᣬһ߲֪Ǻá
÷һԿĿɿڴ
磬ȥ̧㻹ˣ
ҿһ˿ԥֺʲôǵġããҴȥҵȫ̸㣬ҪԹԸңܸǰһײˡ
Ү˸Vƣǣһƻôĳ
÷ʱȴŵվסˣȵһڵϡС㣬аŸպãϴγôصˣҪиһôǺðū澡˵Ϳˡ
ѽҹźԶˣǲ䷳Ȱ÷Сÿ۰
󲻵òԣߣ֤Բܣʱͻ¡һĵӣ˸治ףôδûء
ΪǶˣԸ¶ڵյǺŨģΪҪûܸ顣
ͺԶãȥ밲󣬾ͽڲȻٳ뵽ЩģȻүôܹһأϴһϴ˯÷ڴϵһıӣǿʼҵˡ

7Ͻ

ȻһͶ밲󣬽岻Ǽæ÷һϢˣͬ÷͵͵ʹ˸ƤɫѾͷһĵӣҲ˷䣬ҸϽ÷ǰװó
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ʱԶѾںŵˣ÷ҴãһһģεĹӸ磬û뵽װҲһζ÷Ҳͯʵ÷ģƯҪÿЩֻϧܷ⽨˼붾̫ˡ
˳һӣ÷͵͵ȥΪڣ˶æҲûʲô˹ǣһк˳
򿪺ţһͣأţԶڳ֣ǸϽȥˣûȣͶĴУһ͵˺ԶĻ̾һǳŲ˳æԶҲǿֺˡ
ʵԶò̫ŸҹӶģɣôãҲֻһ
ҿ˿ȣǺԶ÷˵ԶѾ15ˣڹŴѾȢ׵˰ɣھʵ
磬пȢң
Ŵ˵ģҲǺþòӦִʱϲһЩʫδʵģӦҲ̫ѡ
ȿȿȡãôͻȻ˵ҡôءЩСĵҡ
СӣС÷˰ɣ24
ⲻаֻܵܿء
Ŷһƫͷ÷㻻˸λãߣתͷϵһƬֵľ˼ҲȫתȥˣҵһοŴǵһ󼤶
磬Ҫߣͣһȥɡش÷³ϾĴ
ã㲻ҪȵҡԶҲ˳æóһȥͣԼҲ˹
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С㣬һЩ÷شͺˣǮ˻ʲô
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һһ߿̯ͷǸ̯ͷŪŪò⣬һС̯ͷͣҲǺˣҲɵÿ˿̯ǰ׻ͷһСӣҹæкӣ㿴ЩϺõĻɫǮֱˣ㿴ɡ
ҷ˦˦ͷȥˣѵóһˣ͵úùɡ

8˾

ͷʲôаУˣȻٲ˵ģи̯ͷСԺ͸ʽˮҿòֺƺ˺滹ŵ˶
ƺЩۣתͷ˿ǣԶ֪ҵ
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ĪдԽŮӢ۾ĳɣϽȥԶҲ
ã̫ˣǲҪְա
ҲŲأСϲңҲԽ
磬ûµģߣʲô
Ǳ㼷˽ȥʲô۸òŮ״Ҳ׵òˣḸ
Σҿһ£ͷأƺ
ҵ뿴ʲôǺ˼ȥҲˣȻʼ
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ƺԶҡҡͷʾҲҪܣ֪£ұ𷣡̡
ſ̧ͷһˮǸֹӸ磬ҲһģҲûлػ̾˿˵ḸҲϣ򵽺˼Ұɡ
ôƲү֪ү˭⾩ĻɿҾ˾ˡ
˵һĸ߰Ȼߵǹǰǹ°͡ү߰ɣ֤㡱
һ󷭵ɵվ˳ȥ㡭Ȼ½£컯յϷҸŮ
仰ʵ̫ϤˣҲ˵˳˵ôͲôأе㷢أʵСȶҲڷִҲǰѹСӵСŮˣǿͷҲǲǹҲ˲ˣ˫ȭ򶨣۹ҲǸӶ
˶˿ȵҲɵתͷ˺Զ÷㣬Ҳһĵӣһȥء
ҳ˦˦֣ԶĵҲǾĴأʲôǹվм䣬ӹȻתӪݺݵվ
İвŮСӣȻҹү¡
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С˵ҪСүˡ
÷ںҡͷ֣ʾ侲㡣
СӣȻҸүŮˣĸģ
ĵ㡰Ҳүĸܣߣ
ҳóӵĿ
ӹȻˣ漸СҲҵСһһ٣ֻ155ֻ߰ʮ
ôĵӣȻү˵ѵѵ㣬Ϊˣ
һС˵ž˹Ǹվ°͵ſҵĺϷء
鵽Զ˹ߣ׳׳
ٹԣһҲ㣡
СȻһܹҪҺÿˣôĿͷƺԶҲסģۿһƬӰϾҪסˣ۵ɡ
ͻȻһӴСӦأڵϷȥأԶС书ҿԶվߣһҲ۵ĵģǸղųְ
һƬӰεӰô󰡣Ҳɵ̧ͷһ£Ž»˧ȤؿأǾ
ǸղŰ𣿡
ǣұͰˣǾȻϵңӺ۰
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Ÿ磬ʮ磬ȥɣҹ˿ң¶һ˿Ц⣬תͷȥˡ
λ˧硣źʱǸ㱻ַ
һ֣Ȼҹү£Ҫǣүϣúýѵǡ
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÷㼱æҵԱߣԶ͸ղǸºԥȥˣû뵽ԶСӹǲǹӹӺã¾Ͱ˸ˣһ׵ò׵Ļ
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һǰľ¥ȥ

9

ԶȻ˽ҵ⣬Ǿֱȥ˶¥ߵ£÷Ϊǿɱū˼룬һ£վ
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Զ˵ղŶлӾұܣڴл˱ȭ룬ִˡ
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˵껹Цһ£ǺǣȻұ˿佱ǲЦƺе㷢
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뿪ڣԶѿڵҸ̨ҺԶˣµıܣ㻽Сɡ
ԶһҲȡСǹӵ֣ɵðһۣԵ
ԭǱĹӣһᡱ
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ӣʱ䲻ˣǻøϻȥ´ٺúþһɡ
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ΪղżߣСæҲֻ֪¥ߣԶϿңҾͱСײˣ155ߣһײȴҵñӸײˣһƨڵϣȦһ죬ʹƺҪˣתһͷںڵ㷢ɢ
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10

ʱҲûٹˣҵƺƵظˡ
÷æڳϸͷԶһԲƺء磿û°ɡ
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ҡҡĸ첲ѽûˣ´βˣòã
´Σ㻹´ΰ
ƺˣҲ֪˵ʲôʱҵҲͦģĬһֱ˸ĺţʱ磬Ӧò֪ҳȥˣҺ÷͵͵һţԶųԼظ
֨ѽ÷ƿţҿ˿ûˣתͷҽȥһ֣ԭҲôѵΪ͵ܳɹء

ѽǰһ£ɵһƨڵϣôôùᣬ÷үҲˡ
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Ϊ˵ҾͻѾͷúýѵԺ϶ǻ¸üҷ
үӲŸպãܲҷ
ΪˣҷʲôӣӦòӦɣһڵϣ̫ͻȻˣʲôû׼ðԴҴӾתһЩˡ
㶣ȥãѾͷ޷ˣٹ¾ҪѡˣôУ
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ȾҰǹңָողŲãôԴƨɰ
ȫˣҶ֪˵ʲôˣ˭֪⻰Ӵӵ۾ҲŮһҴ򣡡ȥ
У㲻ҪÿζòãᰡתѾſڵˣ
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÷ΪһţҲûʲô˿רĸҩأ
С㣬ū澶˵˲ҪȥүǲģСôܳ裬Ҳⲻܷ
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С㣬㲻ܶŸϺõҩҲſſء
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ÿ֪˭
Ӻܲš
תͷ÷ߣҪ첻ߣһ˵һðءҲûǿԸ÷㼸ˡҲ˯Ҫġ

11

ԴӰ˴÷Сźκβص뷨ˣưҲɵ÷иţŴûеӣû磬ûеƣҹô

죬ѾҪˡ
ƣƫƫŴ·øʵʵģ̫ˣϴͷҲǼ£һѿͷ
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ѾӦ˵Сʹ÷ҲԽԽ˵Ҫˣ¡
뵽ϴͷһĺɴҲһϴˣưѾһˣֱǸʮ׳棬͵빬ѡˣ˵ִʱ򣬵ҲҲǣŴӣѰ㲻ʲôоȫ
û˺ԶæҪԼһӵĻܾԼӦøɵʲôźá
Ϊһܶ鶼ˣôģǰ쿪ʼ黭Щˣһ뵽ͷ
黭ֻ΢Ȥ㣬黭ҸͲմߣҲص塣
ִҲûѧ٣Ӳ˵ŴˣѧʮּѣҲ̵ʮַ
ֱҡͷһӲɽҲı飬Ҳֵȥ
֪ǿϡưҲ֪ʱҲûжõģֻԸҶƤƤڶУҲûйǿǾÿڸѧϰʹ˯
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һֱΪһٰӣҲʵãֻţƲ֣кԶҲң᲻𾢵ӣֲùȰ˵ֲҳȥ
ִֻ˵ľôµѹ֣ڲ֪÷ͺԶǸвͨģһǷŵӣƻųУǼ빬ѡ㰡
彣˽ͷҲֻһСˣ˯ʱĺΡ

12

Ȼ˵ұֵò⣬ҲǹԹԴڸͶҲǰôˣȻǷ˾裬ҵĺûᰡٲܳȥûˣ
뵽ѡ㣬һȻ֪ȴҵ˻ʲôҵʷͲã֪ʹˣҲ֪СΡ
ҵҲֻǴƷС٣ټľʲô
ڹŴǺҪӣÿﶼֵĲٰ죬оСҲʮ¡ضԴģæȥ׼ڵ飬ææ£÷㣬ҵѾͷҲȥæˣڷҵŲ֪ӣһƻʱð˳
찢϶ǲҵģǳ͢ԱߵӦĺӣ϶Ҳ߶ˡΪңҪٰ츮ĴСֲȫȥ죬ҲæǰæҲ
ŮװѾˣеװȫûˣ¹˼򵥵·ͷøӲסҿûңԹԵ٣Դңۿڵʱˡ
ҰѵƵţ͵͵˷ţ뵽İӣǲɵòһ£ѹѹĿ־壬Ұοһûµģÿζôùš
ллأΪ˺ĿΪɣһжֵˣĽͷʮֵģ̫ɽһƬƣϦ޺ðҲɵһиţһξ飬ұԼʲôƽģٹˡ
һƻεڽͷ·߲ʱоȵ۹ɨ⵹Ҳܹ֣ڹŴټСǲģҲһ˳ˣȻҴͨУȻǽ»Ҳˣǵ˿ϴѾˣҸһ
㲻ģҵ˿ֵһӱߣӱѾվ˲ˣеĶڱϲ֪ڿʲôܶĹأҿͷһμôĹվһˣҲ˹ȥ
̲ס˭˵ŴûŮҿƺҲвٹﴩҲʮͿӦҲļҸС㣬ƽһ£Ҳҵ־ͬϵء
ҿ˿ȣһվߵĹ
С㣬һ£ǶǸʲôأ
˿һۣ´һŻص
㲻֪𣿽ǶǳԸİ㿴϶һ涼дԸأֻҪں˳ˮȥƮԽ棬Ըͻʵ֣
˵겻ңҲԹ˵طȥˡ
ⶫأȻöãûҿ˿ܣȻģŴҲʱͿԺ׬һ
ô򰡣
̧ͷһۣûǮæ˵
С㣬ҪһÿɺˣƮúԶͭһͩ壿룬Ƕٰ
ϰԵģңҾȻûдǮһŴŶ÷ģһҲǼڼȻҲòŰҽһżŵ˴Ǯˡ
һΣСƺ׹ˣһ˼
ߣûǮͲҪ򰡣⡱
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СҲǼˣæؽҵӹȥϸﻨ⡰ʹʹãС㣬Ҫ
ҾҪһõĸҡҴӹ
ͻȻ˳ţҪ

13

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Ŷˣﻶһ£ǼǰҴ򱧲ƽôֻǰλƺӳһ㣬촽ҲһЩЩ֪ԡ
㻹Ҫã
һ񣬲ˣҵһģһ£Լ
λӣȿġñô
˵Ц˷ȻûͦÿģôѵõһҹҲŲԸʱ˷һ֪νϡ
ңŸⲻתͷС˵æ˹Ҳе㲡ĹҲͿˡ
ţֳˣתȥ
˵λӣ㻹ûˣ֪ڵʱǶô֪ҳһ˶ô𣿡
˵겻ӱȥ
뵽ʲôת
ֻʸңһҪдԸء
Сƾһӻһ̫ˣæؾ͵ֻëʹҿһ»ʪģдӦû⡣
ߵһû˵ʯͷϣ±дǸдʲôأأűʣһ˱ת
ҿ˿ӱߵЩһպߣϣδҸɾɣʣдһϣϣ֣־òԾˣֻʮأҲ̫˰ɣֻȥԴڴд¡ϣջȥ⼸֡
Ըôò뵽ˣ˵겻ЦȻ˵⸮СӺƣֵƺҲͦĽģȻôҪء
ѴķŵһƣСƯȥˣһƲһ£ؿԼĽ
֣׼վѾʯͷ߶˺ܾãľˣҽ¾ĺˮһľ˫ȫû֧ŵ壬ۿҪȥˣһգ׼ȥһǷǳˡ
ףʲôôûеˮ
һֱ𣿡
ǸղǸʲô˵ңһæҪƿһٶһȥˡ
ɵϣĻдЩݺͳ档
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㡭
ſȴ֪˵ʲôãڿЦӡ
Цᣬᡣ
ĿţܵƻУǻϦʣһЦ˵Ŀƺܾõĺˮ㣬кֱ£˿˿ĵʾҲһͬľ˿˿Ĳڣģġ
СҰèצģ
գգۻ뿪ڻȥǺӱߵ˾ȻҲЦˡ
ѵЩˣղһֱڿЦҵӺˣǺõùȻôЦȴѾۿתˣЩˣŶŶ˵ˣһֱôİޡ󣬸
Ҳ֪룬εʱʯͷҾ
㻹վǿЦ𣿡
̲ס
˭˿Ц㣬Ǹ
Һֹסˣ˲֣һȥһ
Ҳͣҷһ⣬ҾȻǻؼҵ·ˣҴӰҾûгԷʱѾˣӺܲϵأ
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ֻܹƤǿС㲻
Գ·Ϥ𣿡
ţ
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뵽е񣬵뷨ܿͱƷˣǡ;ͶǶ䣬룬ľǡûôãӦҲȥɡ
˿ң˵ӣؼҵĻ²̫ðɣƺûԷ
ҵͷһԼĲҲ̶أͷΪûȫɢˣˮһĺǱһ£ô죿
ЦˣôôЦءƺǰЦһ㣬ҪЦ
ߣҴȥһ£˳Ե㷹ȥɺã
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һҵƺ̵ľ¥ǰſںŮò֣ҲȷƵģ̲ס˸磬ôζô̱ǰ̧ͷǿӡԺģ
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㲻ϴһ£Ը𣿡
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ڵ˼ˣղſ˼ˣ߹ȥ˸лӡ
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Żعһۣͷͬ⣬ȥ׼ˡ
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Ҳû˵ߣȥ
֪Ҽ𣿡
Ц߰ɡ
ֳҶ˸һ߳ݺĴ¥

14

·ϺܾҲرԲ¹£͸·ߵϣҹ֪СĹӪһױȵҹɫƺΪ㣬õ㡣
ø䣬٣ҲпЩƱҪЩʱ֪Ǵ˻δңʻٶЩʲôأǺ󻰡
ģ֪ҵļ˹ôڵ۾һ߽סҵ֣ʱͬǰɵԲ£ɢ͵ĹâЩ䣬ЩУָоͬ¹ôôұǣ˼ſڡ
ʾȲҪţȻתŴ
ҿһ°ûдԺңϴξġ
Цæס죬񾯸ͷҲŷ֣ԺӵǽҲ155߿϶ȥġ
ʾһڸ۾һ˿죬ܿˣԹԶҲȥò׹ǽĸ߶ȣ۾ɨһԺںڵģʲôҲˣ̾˿ֻײײˡ
˵ȻȥɣҪҰԺҵĻ㣬߲ˡ
Ϊˬʳ˦˦֡ллˡ
ȴץסҵ֣ȥ
𣿡ҸϽץס
Ұ׵ģ߰ɡ
ȴѾˣҳ˷ۣһɻı鿴
֨ѽŴˣǹܼҵ¸
С㣬ɻˣүһˣȥɣԺء
һ˵ı鿴ȴ⣬λҵֱȥˣι⵽˭Ұ˸㲻״
ᱻҰġ
ҵߡ

һʮҪˣȴҵ֣Ҳע⵽־Ȼţð꿴ô˵ãҸϽѿҲûǿ
ҵͷӵߵǰ
ûü˵أһ˹ı飬͵ش˸
΢ʮ밲ʮ缪顱
ʲôһûһعһȫ밲ء
Īǡһ鴤ŵؿôҲ㲻״ʮ磿ҾȻ˿Ķӣһ𾪡찡ذ
ʮ밲վʲô
Żع
ʮ밲ҡҲ֪ʮ磬ԭ¡
仰˵üࡣţ̲סǰ˸ʮּܡ
ЦؿҡضǶɡ
ҰһľϲһССĴƷԱɣõһ԰ݷãȻĲҲȷʵֵ˰ҷ˷ۣ
ŰŹǻġ̲ס˸Ƿ
ôʮǰ񣡡
ǰ꣬÷ģ˼˲һˣȺŶ
ÿʮһյӣգۣģ뿴һɲǵ飬ٿ
ɫѾˣ飬
Ұæͷǡ
СͲ˰ɣҿһ˳ȥҲ˲ٿ࣬Ѿȡѵˡ
ҵĴ˰ҳգһ۾ʾܸлҲ¶һ˿΢ЦǺ˰ԭԽС˵˵ûд̫ˡ
ʮ־ţǺǣ첻ðˣǲ
ԺҪôƤˣϱҪ빬ѡˣҪԿģ֪𣿡ʱ˵һ䡣
æͷǣȴָӿһۣתͷ뿪ˣҶͷԣһЦһʲô˼￪

ܲ˵˲ôӦòᷴڰɣĥŰ˹ȥ
꣬ˡ֤û´Ρ
´ΣϴҲ˵ģûа㰢ĻϣȻӦ㣬ӿԲô
һȸԾ
ȥϹŷʡԺ˹ʮԴҲ㿳˭Ҳ飡þŶ
һηȥܻ꣬Ķ
÷㣬밢Ͽ϶ʱ俴ܷſԻûʲôɡ
ȴ÷㲻ϷС㣬Ҫȥ𣿡
ʲôǷʡһҡͷ̾˿
÷㣬СһȥٳɡĨĨֽȥˡ
ҲЦˣô˻һĽأӣӿֲǰϷȻϵλ
̲סһ÷㣬
С㣬ū澾ߡ
̲ס˹űһʵ̫ˣǺúġݿǺеһһ磬˳ŷ촵Ż֨֨죬ôͲ֪ﾹȻĵطѾˡ
˯ģ˯ţϻǺģҺ÷ŷú°Ƕʮ־ֵضſڣʲô
Ǻ˼ʱ֨ѽһˣһŵĽҺ÷ֹס

С£ң¸˱Ӹǣү֪
ԭǵ¸ģӹӡ
ȥɣҪٽˣ궼ˡ
С㣬ġ
˱Ӿͺöˣ÷ִһ˸ǣôأҴģûһﰡӲһѣǺСôҲ˸ǣģȻҲ˯ˡ
֪ʲôʱˣûд¸ձˣ˵°֪ôһأ롣
ˣɲ˯ˣɫưҲ鿴ˣ÷㣬صع
Ȼһᣬ͹ˣ뿴һϵĳͷЧ
ӽ꣬װģû뵽˻ˣôɡˣȻһۣ
÷㣬ôչСģƳˣСȥЪšŴĴһηȥ
ѾԶˣ÷Ͻ򷿼ȥѾͷǿûֵɵһΡ
յ䣬ܹˣ滹У⸮ͷԴƺ򵽴ˣ浽ɱִöˣȥҪȥŶӣҺţȻȴڴɺáҰ˰Զ˵
µģҿЩȥҩˡ˿÷ʹȥ
תţҵ˵㲻Ҫ㰢ô㣬ϾҪˣ⹬ͷɲȼɲģ΢˵ǿҪͷ°
˵ģͷһůͣ˹ĵζ
ã̫ˣǰ꣬ﵣġ֤Ժһݷݡ
ֻô˵ˣǳӲñ˹ңΪҿޡԸˣ޷ı䣬Ҵʱ־ôҲ޷뵽ҵԼˣпʱ˶ٵĳƲЩü֣Щŷƺһֱûҵ
ߺҵҲ룬δڹͷôˣǷǳʵģûԽŮôŶգҲ̫ãҴ⣬ôˣҲڹﰲش꣬Ȼڵӡ
ҪӱѡǲܵģܺİͶﰡһӵˡģܲʲô˳Լ⣬ţ˯ȥˡ
;÷ҩҺȣҲԺҲ֪׺ûСּ˯ȥ
εûΪ˵ģ¾͹ȥǶ϶ģϵĸһֱãΪûʲô֢״ҲֺҩҲȥˣһ٣壬εİࡣ
ֻǾüȻүҴӦɵΰɣôܹΪֻԼȴ߹ҵ˴ˣָֻӡ
Ͷ￴ƺ˸ӣͦοģڹҪӰɣҲϣڹƽ£ҺǸʹǰ鱾ߵϣԵĲп飬Լȴ˽ϱҪָ˺£ʹҿһ̶ѨȴôҲܲ
뵽ʮԴϴμûҲǣôأ֪ʮˣһʹᣬȴִжˬӣΪʲôܻøһأǻϵĶһܳ裬ô̽ʮأеô˵ĵط
ҲɵǸݣһϾͳʮӣôİһᣬ᲻ɵʱ㷺ˡǰǴϺܿ͹ۿһУΪʷҲΪʵҼֵҪܵĿѡ
ɴϴᣬЦҵ֣͵͵գ۾һһУҾʹԸӣҿҲԹ˰ɡ
С㣬С㣬ôˣް
÷㿴ҵᣬһԺԼʲôˣֲ̿ѣæ
ûµģֻǿϦȻȴҪɽˣûɵһиŶѣ£ȥɣˣ뾲һᡱ
Իı飬˦˦֡

15

һֱǰһ죬ҶάŹԹŮ
һ죬÷һڸʰȻ⸮ڱǵʹҲһ·ʵƫԶطŮǣһǺ˵ģǧﳬظϵ궼кܶŮ;٣ȫò֤
ﺬҵſڣ͵ģסˣ̫İɣİ꣬Ҳվſڡ
̲סӳܹȥǣޣҲĨᣬദˣҶ᲻ðοȥֵط˵׼пܾɥѻһˡ
ӿұͷʹ࣬һҲû򶨻 鰡Ҷô顣ǰǣҵıʾϳˣٿڣ֪ҲŵİվתͷŬԼ̧ƺｫҵĲ·һ
Ҳͷ̤ȥߣ
˻һվûסӣһҵļң֪ܻܲļҡͶﻹԾɾſڣҿֲ֧ס޵ڰĻһƻ磬ϦһжˡǸ˶ԽԽСˡ
ԽԽĻʹȴҵʲôأ
峯ѡƶʮϸģǽһֺһ̫࣬ͣԹºǶǺģŮҲʮϸһ㱻ŵӴ⹬ȻͬΪŮλͼҾʵǲܴġ
ֺ̫ǵ̬ȱɵ֪ĸɫģǼг͢ٻ߼︻֮ˣְڳ͢ӹٲȴеСǮ˵ŮУҲ㲻ϲ£û˶ұϹϾҲ۸
ͬеŮУӡıֻй ϣ׼ ֪׼ պضʮĵոҸʮйһ֮ԵȻʮУҲǺԶĽ㣬ϵǵһԵʮֺг
Ҳ֪ ϣǷ޸˰ոΪǸʷĶʸձҵˣΪҷеƽԱĲԣԾȥպЩɡ
ҵòŮУеȣƯ˶ǣ׼ һʮӣ ϣȻЩɫȴǲģȺе̫ﶼɢŴ۵ĹâЩۣȴֲۿⱻɹһ
еȴѡӣǺܿģȥ˭ѡ˭ĹϵεңһȲ裬졣׼ϿҵǳϧźʮҲ룬ΪҺͺԶһιȥأҲȥƣɡ
һκģĹȥҶҪˣԴǶʱһֱûмԶңҲ⣬°ɡ÷㵹Ҷ߶˵үƺѾܾûСˡôүֻҩȴСء
ǰСǺܿصġȵĻҶԶΣǶʱæ˸Уæ˳飬Ҳĺˡ
Զ뵽Ǹһұ꣬һ̲סˣУܴõĴڹɡ
ԼҪȥ˵ҡ
ҵͷ
Ϊ㲻ˣںԶǰ㲻һֱôĺ𣿡
һ
ĺݣ
ҵظһ飿ãģҶĺǸΪ죬ΪҵģҵɣĺȥֻҵһжȻһſڴʱȴزšԭЩ£һֱҶʶȥˡ
Ǹܣðŷմȥ棬㿪ĵĺԶѾˡ
̾˿Ҳɵðָ
Բû뵽ʱǶôԺ˱Ҷ֪
ЩʣƺһӣĳһǾţڸԵĸþþþá
 
ڽңϤȴԵңԶã̧ͷķȥ
վߵǰ˹е
ū澸ʮ밲
ȻЦǾʶ˺þһ
ɡӻ
ʮ磬ôأ
ū׼ ʮ밲ʮ缪顱еȻͳöˡ
ɡǵĻӻ֡
ū澻£иˡٸ˸Цһ£ˡ
ﻹϰϴûб𷣰ɡûб䣬ֻ˷ţȷʵʱǺܻϵĳ谮İ
ţôϲ𣿡ҸϽع
лʮүģūʮֳ谮ղܷС˵
Цһϲѵ㡱
һ㶡ʱͬգԣʮүȡЦūˡ
ȷʵǣҵ̬ǸҹΣµĲǵСѾͷء
ţ룬ȷʵڹﻹǵĵĺá
صԭ飬ֻһ˿ʧЦһ£ԽŮķΣԣѣ˶˵ˣҲΪֺ˭ȥðգǲɵ¶һ˿ЦΪһ˿ĲͬȴҪľ
ˣú˵û⹬еӸδ㣿ĵ뷨ʲô
ū澲ܹõʥϵ¡裬Ҳܼ޸ʹУֻܹƽƽ죬Եȫƾ
ȷʵġƺõһ·ˣЩǽôķ⣬ɿĶмкýġ
뵽ЩĲһƬЩˣɶߵġ
ţã֪ˣȥɡ
˼վƺҸղһǷǷǶȥֻվƾչӰϵúܳܳ 
ȥûôʶʮǱ飬ǸλȡĶѡ󣬲Ǽ޸˭ոλģԼ׵ġ˶и˵Ե

16

ڵһ죬ҿʱˣһõȮ죬Ȼȥз
ƺÿ˶շתȻҶ˵Ե˽ţϵһͥҫ飬ȷʵÿ˺ܵʹѹĳĴʼӲӶ֡
ǷԸ⣬ǷҸҺңҰ겻ҪȥΪݹ⡣ʱﱻҸġҵδ֪ܷȥȻʱ㰲ĵȥɡ
ĸˣĸݣĸλԼӦְǲɷҲӱܵġ
ں˼ʣһС̫̽ͷ̽ڳҾЩ죬ֻңԵú˷ܣæһ֣һ˿ɻ󣬲֪С̫ʲô
ȥһֽ㼱æˡһûüء֡ŮǴĴ磬ķƺûע⵽ҵ״ҿ첽صҵķ䣬ֽ̯첻Ҫμѡмǡ
ܲμѡܾ𣿿ԲȥʱǺԼˣΪʲôѧʷͷһơ
һվߣǲѹܴ󣬰ο˼ȥˣһֱվڴ룬ΪʲôȥأѵΪϻѡȻҲΪܣֽҲһɡ
ɫҹЩȴ˯⣬ǴվڴڣѰһ׻Სʲôǲ֪֪ģôõķ磬϶ġ
ʵһ̫߹ԼˣûȵҹʱҾͷ˸գɵýԼڱȻȻҾʮֺ䣬һֱŵҵĿԽԽˡ
Ůֺ̫඼֪ҵΪӰ쵽Ϻ͹ˣ߹ʱ˼سҿһۣЩ飬ͷװӣ˯ˡ
ʱŲǹŮ̫ҽɣʵͷʹҲˡ
˵ңᣬ۳ķЦһ£˹ȥԺƺ˵
ôôɵҲǡҲˡ
һƺأ֪ģԴϴεⲡһֱ̼ûȫùôصĺơ
ҶˣΪ֪ȥǷˣֻǵ˽ιҩʱҲ˸˵Բ𣬵ĺܣͷʹȫɤ˻һһҲˡ
ʱڷˤ˭ôصǰô𣬻ûһͬˡˣôôƢˣҲŹ
ˣ˵һ仰
ž˶Χˣһ
ǶǱôΧ᲻ͨģҪʵĿ𣿡
ȫպͿˣ֪Լ˵ʲô˺Ƕµֻ˯ȥˡ
һ˯ÿǽʵ۾ˣҺ˿촽ʹԭҵ촽Ϊնѿ
ˮ
ʹ˵
ûңÿʳˣòװѽŷŵ£Ь۵һûˣҡҡλεվֻһתӱصȥԱߵĵӣ

ű𶯣㣬Ҫˮҵ㡱Ǹİ
̧ͷһǰķ䣬ƺԭסӴ⹬أлˮյҵĴߣæغȥⱭСδСŮʮֻ飬ҡֱʾˡ
˭ҲӴ⹬𣿡
һھ
ҽС䣬źġ
ǲǰ˰ĶæסС
ɵŮ𣿡
ǹŮŮ١
С˵ȥˣ룬ұɵŮˣôأӦǺ°ɣͼĲܹƽҲţõѡ
˦˦Դ˿ڶѰѡˡ밲˯һˣ׼£Сһʳ̽
ȵ˯ɣѾԺüˣ̫ҽԸ󣬳Ե㶫˯
ãùɡлл㣬С䡱˵
С䳯ЦЦʳбȥˣ̺˱٣Լಡȷʵûɹˡ
ЦЦƶǰȥһǺܼѣŴҽȷʵдĽһСð˿ˣ˴Ҷ࣬ߣҺܲ죬ʱôң̧ͷһһ⡭⡭
۾ɵúô󣬼򵥲ģһˣ۾
ٲˣңҪ𡱣˵̽Ҷͷ¶
Ѿ˰ôǲ尡˵
㡭ӣ㡭ôѾ𣿡ҲţеպͿˣֱԼǲ֪Ǹǻ
ȵɣ㲡ʲôˣǸСȥˣ㻹ܴ򱧲ƽ𣿡
ڳҡ
Ҳûܣʵغιҵ࣬˯һ˯ɣʲôµ˯˵
ű㿿ڵļͷƤˡҷ£ǺñӣȻȥˡǸ˵Բ𣬻Ҳʱˣ˭ҴЩһ硣

17

һӵĵθðȫˣǴκǸұΪӵİ絹ûСǴκ󣬶ҿܶ࣬к˰ɡ
С䣬֪ʮİطǸպյĸԶ󽫾ⳡӶյսУʧİɣ޾ϣͻ룬ȴĽ֮⡣
ס̸λߣԶԶ뿪Ǭ幬ǲܻϳ谮Եʡ
ȻˣһǺģĶǵĺȻ֮費ǲףҲ֪ʱʲôǶԹеֹ̬ȣȷʵһܹġ
׼һСüûг۾һӻ̫Ӧ̫Ĺȣһһߴ̸Ļûиֵľ󣬵ѵõǺ£Ǻ˺ġ
ǽߣ⵹ûʲôʸеģֻʹʮհ䣬ԶǸ߸ߵĺǽ·ͷ羰ϣ̧ͷֻǿ߸ߵ̫Ź⣬ɵһѹ֣⹬ŮˣһҲǳǽ
ʳΣūͳȺΣİ˵
ţѾ̸ˣСͨһҽȥŵɹŮ
ūＪ顱һűҲ̧ͷǹеǡ
̧ͷ
˵ᣬҲ̧ܺͷɵô쵰͵Ƥ𪣬ٶǡô˫۾һȥ㲻ٳˡ
˵ʾͺ˺Ȼ˵ֻͣԵõƺϺõĳϾһܶԶŵõ㡣Ҳɵÿˣԭ˰ĶﾹȻãҶһܴȰͣҵֱˣҿ϶ܺദúܺõġ
ȡСһԴŴһģ֪ǲǴԽĺ֢
ҵҲ͵ģ硣
ĸģԺҵְɣС䣬Ϥһ»˵ùŮˡ
ʮδ˵ŮźġΪͼͲܳԭĿǰֻŮСźʱ䲻ˣȻǴŮҲѾͷˣ
λСŮֱСϣСССֵǺܺüǡСΪŮΪ˳ȣ飬º̤ʵӣҲĹġ
СϣСССλŮͱҴһ㣬ЩӵԣСŮǼµģСȴҲǵüãȴСϵǿˣ￴Ҳ˲żüãΪԼߣԶҲǼõġ
СûʲôõĲգΪڿ죬ΪҲϸ£ҲǼһҲǼõģŮ㡣⼸Ůź򣬹Ҳǰ˰ĹͰɡǰǵӣǴǼ֪˰ǼТ˳ģûжĳ롣
ƽдСϲ£ܱܣŮǵҲûʲôҪæֻʱ򣬾ԵֲˣյദҲϰʶĶ֣Ҫõҵʱ򲻶ֲ࣬ԸʱСæܾΣҲȥˡ
һֱģջԭԽãԽԽԷûŵֻѣ룬⺮ʲôأҲʮǾȥеĲ輸飬󣬸ĥʱ䡣

18

Сϸ·ߺ󣬱ȥ󹬵Ĳˣ⹬ɽ·ʮ䣬ҺòײŪˡСƺ̫ĵӣæ֤һ·ŷȥ
ȥҪ԰Сǧ򆨣С£Ҫˣ£ҵʱȥģʱ󲿷ֶ˯
Ȼһ·˳Ҳûʲôӣ⹬ﶯ밲¹һȥСҪףˣϥϸͿģܱ¡
ιĸĹŮ
һװ磬ӦǸС磬ʱһСͤվŽңҿ߰ӣɷǿɰͲɵҵıܵˡ
ɵһЦ˹ȥС磬ǽ𣿡˵곯Цһ¡
ҿСһ¡ǺǣСһǿɰΪСûЩ갢࣬ҵҲƽˡЩʱԼҪѹ֣λС磬Ҳ
С磬ôһ˴
ôСӦи̫ߵġ
ȥݲˣ￴羰ȶҪȥ밲ġʲôﲻһŮͿġ˵
Ŵĺӣôôϲװ찡һ㶼ûͯȤˡҲ˿ܣʱûʲô羰ÿģʱ仹磬һЩ鱾˷һɰҶˣⲻѧ𣬺ǺΪǳİǲѧĶأû뵽ԶǵǺڽ
ЦʲôѵЩĿĿң˹Сƺ鷳Խ̫ȥòȥˡ
ô᲻֪ܼ򵥵ü
ܸܲңʰҪءСһȦס
ܼ򵥵ĿžСѧ꼶ҵˮƽѵңЦˣʾſ㣬ȻʼͣҸüֽⷨǾȣҵĵõ㰡Ȼֻһ߰СӣǺǣıһԼ
ĸӲ˵ˣѧӢӦճǴڴӰһʱһЩ򵥵ĵʡ
ôЩģ㰢Ҳ𣿡˷ܵҡ
ʲô֣ĸģ´λҪȥأ
Сһ￴ҼףҺЦɰСС磬ɲãλǵԼѧϰģǲеġֻܽ㷽
Ȼ֡ҪŶҪءҿɫҲˣʱٲߣͲˡ
ĸҰѾͷ˲òҰҵģū澶˵𣡡
һһʱŵþ͹ڵˣһżŮŭҡģ⹬·
ҸϽعū澸밲ͷȴˡҲ֪׿٣ô죬ð磬֪ǲﰡ
㲻ҪҽġԱߵСˣȻ˹ȥȡ
ҸмһۣҲʾҲõģҵͷӦû°ɡ
ĸĹŮôûн̹Ǻ
ū̸Ů٣Ҫȥ輸飬·𷣡ұϹϾ˵ʱʵðɡ
Ҳ鷳
ʲô֡
е㻺͡
ū 
Ŷһԭ㣿
һɻԭңѵǰʶ
̧ͷ⹬ƺһа
Ů
̧ͷǵģΪū澲˳󲡣ú󣬱䵽̸
ҰͷϥǺģûӦøгɣôĬĬﻮ˸ʮּܡ
ǽȥɣҿڿʡСðҿͬء
ˣȥɣ⹬Ĺأȥúѧϰ쿴СķϣȷŹ㣬´ûûСģġ
æǣˡ

19

ٲҵ󣬼æķ첽ȥʹǿ¡

˽ңһʮ磬ӺҲǾס˲٣Ҳ밲ġ
ū澼ʮ磬ʮ缪顱ղһţ밲ҿǲаˮݡ
ǵһʱ򣬲ض񣬲Ѿȫһûмĸ˺ڵġ
˵ҵ뵽һˣϽʣʮ磬ҼǵҲγģһȴѾ̸ˣһŮ٣ô£
üѾ˺ܾã㲻Ȼȥҹġ
ҲŪɳ׾Ҳʱ˵һģҪȥ꣬ųҲǲġʮĵܱҲ˶ȥϴ㲡úҸպȥ㣬û뵽ʮĵҲڡ˵˼ЩȻ
ʮĶ¼ţСڵ︧ģжҲΪ
ȥ˾Ÿ磬æҪȥ
еˣʮΪҺʮʲôڵﾭֻǲʮʲôʱָ
Ҳ֪⹬ǼɻЩģͰɵ̸ˡȻЩҲ̫¶ˣĽҲǲġʮ˵Щ䣬ⲢϣĽְɡ
Ҳ֪һǻʲôӰ죬ٿȷһ㣬ЩжǶصġ
Ϊ˽ʷǺܲԸЩǳκιϵģߵԽ뵽ǵĸδʷһ٣ֲܵΪȥıʷֻϣĵԶһЩá
ЩöϰɡŬ˦Щ
ʮ磬Щ飬ȥɣūллЩӵľˣһ⹬ﰲĵʮģū澻Ҫȥȸˡ˵겻ٿתȥ
ں溰ҵ֣Ӳ룬ӿҵĽŲҲŷ类˳ȥ֪˶ãͣؾǰĨĨᣬŽȥŮʹɨҳʵ
ùū̸𾭡
ǩѡ𾭱ߡ

20

ص̸Сſڵ
ôȥôãΪʲô£Ҫˡ
ҳǸЦЦԲС䡱ҡҡͷ һȥˡ
һЩ飬һԼ˼ȻĹ;ľԼķ°ɣҪȥЩ߰ˡĵҲͻȻĿ
ҲٸСϱ£ʼעתȻûаʲô£ܾãӦΪ˱ҵЩʲô޵øӿİɡ
СһղƷһ°ɡһұͬʾˣ̸ĹŶֻʲôһ飬嵥
Ǽ̫ʶ֣ЩƾһֱˣֻƽʱɨɨҳȻõʹͲ̫࣬ЩûţܾòζЩҲȥˡ
СæһˡҴӺ߳һΧ塰ˣ嵥Ҫһ𣿡ҡҡ֣ʾҹȥ
ɣ⺢ӣɣµҲ
һ㶡Сϡһû˵꣬ҵĻ
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ΧȻã̫ū澵֪һӣɼҲġ
Сĵؽ顣
Ŷ㵹˵˵
屾žǼ򵥵ģҰѹͷ˵һ顣
ƺеȤţȷʵ򵥣Ҳ£¼̡
ҷ忪ʼµʱûϣúܿģȻһҡҡͷԭ£֪ˣһԡ
һֱ£Ҳ֮еģҸѧǻᣬҲղܣһʼü򵥣ʵԽϺͰؾ͸ࡣҲǺþûˣҲˣҲŸŵ˷ܣһʱʱ䣬ƴɱ˺ö̡
үˡ
ʱСűͨһϽվԱ߷á
ɣҲüûˡ֪˰ǴеĶţȴļ֮ˡ
Žһīӵˣ棬ȻЦ˾׽ȴһ˵ߡûл˵ģüۼ䵹ǺЩƣ뵱Ȼģĸ׳˱£Ҳȥġ
밲ˣɺá᲻أȴ͸Ĺ֮飬ĵ˵ǶԵģǸĸТ֮ˡȻʷ԰˰˵һܾһТ˳ôļҲǻȥġ
ʱźøУǳΪΪܣ˻λһ˰ɡ
ӣعģ˰ɡ
Żعǰū˰磬˰缪顱ӣƺҸղѾоҺһˡ
űŵ̺ҵģ⺢ģɣⲻղŻһ巨أһ£鲻
˰ˣŶһֿһۣ㿴̡ЦЦұ߽ȥذ˰磬壬Χ򵥵ö࣬ū澲̫񣬱ţӣ˰¡
𣿡ҿ˵治ǸǵģȻһȻ˵״
ذүĻūҲǲǰһλϰãú沢ˣղżȻ
ąͱ׷˰ɡã˺󣬵˵תͷȥ˵ЩҳˣҲˡ
Сվſڵҡ컹ˮ𣿡
ҵˣǰ죬ҿĲҶ̫ãһƿˮ裬ӪգȻ񸮵ĲҶҪãҲ޲컹Ҫ͹ȥѾһ˻ˡ
С䣬ǷԭĲɣүһȵùߵġСΪС˲ȥˡ
ңӲͷƤ˽ȥôûзˮ裬ҾǸͦõģҲ˰绻ζɡһǲ֪ˮүһȵùߵġ
ˮ裿ֵû⣿ЩؿңƺڵҵĻش
⡭ūҲһʱﻻζѡ
ȥѲɣҿζٻ˲ɡûа취ֻȥˣСѾ׼ˣµС¯Ѿ˻׼ƻгСΣּӷ˽ȥŪúںϷһܣ͸ԺõС񲼣ϸáˮѾЩˣˮζѾϵˮЩζƮұ˳ȥ
ЩţطԱߵС
ⶫ棬һ
ҵһݸţζţ㣬Ҳˬڡ
һڱǰǰҸպʱҲô˵ζǲأ궼ǺȲҶԻζˣ⺢ǻءԱЦ˵
ҷۣҲǽ軨ͷˣ뷢ˮĸԭһΡоͶĿ⣬ҳȥ˿Цؿҡ
ϲôɵĹҲοڿһĸТܰ棬뵽Ҳֻж̶ɻİ˰磬һҲȦڼڰǵ֡
ϵĲпҵСŮܹõġɵ۾һ졣
кֿ֮һۣ˰Ҳ˼
ūֻǿͰүܰĳ棬ɵ뵽ū澵İͶˡֻش
⺢ӣɣһ˵˵ǰ棬Ա̺ʱţ˺ůҲ֪˰ǰǺģ˿һĶӣԼĸʱ

21

⼸״ƺǶ˿ʱ֣һ㶼᷸Ϣʱ䣬С˺ãó˽ʱĶA
СԼ˸ܲ嵽־ϡ
ҼСһ˼èϽ
ȻⲻǻϲĶܹ³ɵģͰҰɡһĿ
ͼûҲ֪ܲãԿɡСΪѵشӦæ
СͰԼλþͿˣ֣ʹ󹦹ˡҵ־СȻһ¡
ʵҲѪ΢ŮˣһԼ־һֱæŸٷ𾭺͵壬Ͱˡ
𣿡Сڽ
ǣϾͳֽһС㵽ȥ
ͬҰһٰɣСءǺһЦҪһֱάˣӣΪĲת̸ࡣ
ź٣ұվߣĴ磬Դϴκ׽࣬ҲЩСЦʱҲȥߣӲãܹ⿿ҩţʳҲ嵭ЩתƸЩϰߵĸıҲйϵɡ
СǴҹڼʱҲ̹̫ѣҵͲˡ
һϣ
СԽԽˣǸ˭ѧġ͵
ū澵İ꣬ñū澺öˡС˽˵Сİʱʮв飬ֻϧһֱƽƽ
Ҳһɣ㰢黭ϵһ񲿻ٲأ
ְĿתҡǰҲһɡСҲ˺塣
Ѱʱ֣϶ֻжķˣ롰Сҿ϶ĪģҪҸһɣСҰ࣬𣿡
ţҲã׼ʲôأ
ˮͷ֪𣿡״Ӧ˲֪İɡ
ȻţĪҪһףҼǵûû˱
ǰڼҵʱ򣬵״ʳһΣڻǵһЩ
ֻӲͷƤˡȺһСҲḧ٣ҸоϾǾͨɣҺˡɤӣ㿪ʼ
¼ʱУѾ
֪ϹڣϦǺ
˷ȥΨ¥
ߴʤŪӰ
˼
ת󣬵粻
ӦкޣʱʱԲ
бϣԲȱ
ʱȫ
Ը˳ãﹲ濾
һϣСһҲɢҵ۾ҲһˮһƬ꣬˼
žžžſڴǼڣʱſҲûţҲ֪ƽʱ̸˰˰֮⣬Ҳ߶ʱ˭ء
СϽܳȥ˰缪飬ʮİ缪顱һ㶣ˣţѾ˰ǼҲ˰
ҸСʹɫʾкȥС׼㡣˸˳ȥҸоʮĵ۹һֱңҴʱĲ֪ԺĿ
εûԥֱӺС׼ˮȥʰһ£Ҳﲻ̸ߵһСȥ̫ѾɽˣʱСߺܰѾǵʮ·ˣתҽѾˣһоͺһԴϴͨ󣬱Թ̸ҵİӣʮ˵û㲻ѡ
һСʯͷ˳ȥӵһԵһĺ˿
𣿡
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ΪʲôǡֻǼһѡЩٶۡ
Щˣٵ˵
˵ʲôһ棿֪֪Դڽ㣬ұذȥĴ̽Ϣ֪Ҫѡ㣬ּͬҪȥڹ㡭
նƺЩЩ
Ϊһж˳˵ѡǰһ첡ˣҼæȥ㣬ȴʮ㡭ǵͨ
ǻᲡԺ֪ʲô飬Ҳ𣿡ãؿ
һѱңʵʵЩ͸֪̫ҽ˵пѲʱҶൣģ຦£ΪҪʧȥˡ
ͷЩΣеӡˡ㡭ĪǣǸҲʱƢˤļһ𣿡
͵ŵؿһֱΪʮЦĺÿңһҹȥᱧڻ
֪ǻж³𣿲ôػʵģǿ̸عӣżҲŪЩСĸأײ㳪ôڲͬĸ裬ÿһ㶼⡱
Ҷ̾˿簮ƿһЩ˼ò飬ֱˡ
м¡ҿֹ
ȥСæֹԺ˵ɣȹȥˡ
һ˰绹ڣ˵ء˰վߡ
࣬涼Ĺء
Ҽ˰ͶлһۣæЦ˻һȥʱʮҲ˿ң˰ȥˡ

22

붬ԽԽˣ̸Ҳȥʱ壬붬ҹ˯ʱұŸһЩ£ˣһ𵯵ӵҲң
ЩҵЩС쳣ʱһЩ浹Ҳֲ֣ССҲʱҽ£ֻðƽʱ׵ò׵ĵӾٶȰҲǼȾջġ
ȻһᾡһЩĴ
ҶԹŴֹƷȴǼȤϴεĶA⣬ֲС˺üʽĻҵ˼ڡ
˽¸ˣһľ濴ң밲¹Ȼ£ҪͶȡɣΪǶ죬·úǿСҲ˼ģȰԣӦֻڶãӴˣЧȴǺõġ
Ҳһ˿ĳɾ͸С
ʮϴκ󣬲û̸ţҲ˿أЩܱܰɡʮİڳر߱׺Ҳ̸ֻƽʱЩС
⼸ƵĳѲӣɽȺӣ⣬ҲҪģÿһߣһ磬ҽôãҲֻλѡ
ǰСſ˵ͷҡɻ⹬ͷôأʾתһӣһС̫֣Ҷһô죬ɲǴθֽæ߹ȥ
ūʮ縮ϵСӣүжת㡱
Ŷԭط飬ϴεֽҲ͵ˣҽһС
ūȸˡҰڰ֣˵ллһˡ
𿪰ʲô
̸𣿡һԭϴС磬̰ɫӣɷ󻹸һ̫ࡣ
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ǺǡһСӵı񱻳һҲʵѹ֣Ⱒ糤ǿɰϺӵģⲻ󼸰ѡ
ƺ֪Ҵʱ˼
ȥһط
үĻɲУū澻̸Ӧֵ߿ġֻ˵ϴβܽѵˣŵá
ȥһӣ˵ʮһᣬʱġСҷۣԭǽү
ðɣū澻ȥһ¡ô˵Ҳλ磬̡
æ첽صǷǷʮ˵ū澸ȥһˣȻͻһ£һ˿ɻ󣬵ǰڰ
ȥɣЩǡһֱǲ£ӣĻشҲ֮Сҷźðּæȥˡ
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мؿ˿ңС˳ӣ¯
С̫࿴˿ңƺеɡү⡭ʮһۣһС˳ӱԹԵݸˣҿԱߵҲûˣҲš
ƺҵ˼ЦЦİɣүڣ£һᱣġһ鴤
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Ѿͬ˵ˣԹ˵ģҳȥչүˡһӡ
Ҫ׼ŶҿһЦһͻ
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ã⣬ԸС˳ȥЩĺͲҾķֽһЩ򵥵ľӣƺȤҰЩĿֽһЩµĴʻһ򵥵Ӣĸ衣
û뵽ʮôѧϰǻȮӰҲͦƤģż׼ظȻԹ˵ĹЦٲ÷߷ߵ˵䣬߳ģҲڡ
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ɡ
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ʰ꣬ǶģҪͷɡСӣеġ
˷Ҳʶģ㰢˭
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ڴϣȥ
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ͣһ˵ҿ£Ҳżʰ겻ҷſġظղӣοһɵһů
ūлүѣԺԵС¡ҹصĻش
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ֻǴؿ̾һſңóһССʸѲʱֵС⣬㶨ϲģ°ɡƴǣƺ֪Ҫܾ
չ˺˲٣͵Ƕһ⡱ֻ¡ū澷֮£ллү˹
ȥҴ򿪽УԭһСèɷǿɰЦݿġֹҲǾ¡Ǽ־Ļèɡ˵˼ϸ壬ѹֲڳûֵܼ䣬ģ϶佱Ժã䡣
СİԭǼ飬һšǰдģ˵һжãֻǶһֱǹңϣڹкú̷ҪǷǵȵȣҲлһЩƱ۾ЩʪİʱŹҵˡ
׼ʰȴһɫӣһ죬ⲻǴλֻôԭطְˡ˳˼ЩԽȴôҲ㲻͵ţҲнյķհɡ

23

һСסҡ˵𣬹ϾҪˣмλҪأϸշʥּ
ŶļλүڱʣһԹϲ¶ð̸һǲմЩµġ
αָǰүүʮүʮʮү̸ҲҪˣҿϲһ죬Ҳˣүһֱֻλء
Сһ˷ܣûɵһšָ֪˭ҵС㣿
οǴֱʣȫָĵոڶ㡱СѾϸˣмλոҲʶϣָ˰磬ʮ磬ʮĵĵոϣŸǶϡţ˼Ʈ˺ԶԶʮҪ˵ľ°ɡ
ʷȷʵʵ߷ţ˻ϲ˳ҵĻеŵƷ񣬰˰ΪǸλӣȢ˰ŮϣʷĶʸʮҲȢ˱Ůظɡ
˦˦ͷȥˣʱˣ뷴ѰգһҲãҲҺǵ޵ԭҲûм棬˰ɡ
һķæ˵괺ʽ񣬵ΪָĵոԸ縮Ѿæˣǲ⣬Ǵã˰Ĵ飬Ҳĵޡ
Ȼϣƺʮ⣬Ҳǣϣڹͷ߰ķȻͬҲ֪˰Ӳ̫ƽֻΪǸλˣҲĸ׵Ҳΰɡ
ȥءС˵һЦѾͷʲôֵôİһæϵĻƣһ
ȥȥ֪ˣ㵽ĵһ죬Ҿ֪϶һֱģʮүι࣬ȢรأԶĲ˵۰ү
СһѣֻδϣЦЦүңū澵ģܵ͸үһ֣Դ𣿡
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㵽̸Ҿһֱ㵱ԼŮ㼫ͶԵһ󲻰ǵͷ
˰׮£˵ҲǾģ㾡չң˰ҲǿȻ治˵ҲǼġҲĻ
⹬ҲģΨһǣҵľǰ˰ˣ⺢ӣŵù˰߰ɣҲģ̾˿㰢ٴƷȥรҲǺʵģǲ֪ô롱һæū澻С̺ＸꡱʹõģϣʱΪִ˶̾磬˵֪˰檣ԣҲԼȥ
ҡ²ǣҲϣ߼꣬˰˼ҲһġѾ̸ҵ£״ҡ
Ҳ֪ô߳ţһֵ˳ߡߣ붬ѿϦ̸ʱҲûʲôõľɫˣԵ࣬˵ľҲйϵɡ
һܹԼյĶʵ̫٣ʱԼСΡϥڱһж
һ˾ţֱо·Ҽϡ
ﴵ磬߰ɡطû뵽ʱȻɺϡ
·˽ƺǧһһֱһİĸо
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΢Цҵͷ߰ɡһƺôȻ
ѩصصһĻҲǰĵظǰ˵ĽŲһҲǳ޾ϣɡ
һǣҵ֣ҹ߳
ҷõĲ棬оҪʧԼͻȻתͷһۣʹ˸ɫһȴѾ
֪˶öԶֻǾԼͻȻſˣһֱֱЩɫ졣ҵһط£һֱҲûעΧֻɽʯƺһ԰ӣǱżɽš
ȻǱϥƣбͷЦʡ𡱣
濴ҡӦ㣬㿪㡭ú𣿡
Ұڰ֡ȻǺõģ˹ϲˣϾҪˡҺǺЦ֪ģȢɲԿأҴŹ
תͷһߣ֪ʲôֻһ
ټ˵ķΧļ磬ͷתҵүһ㶼ӦôҲһ˵һЦ
̾˿ᱧڻȥʰɺãȻ⣬ϣߣǲǺ˽һͬһ챻˰ʾʲôоѾľ
ӻóһֻᴵһ潭ߣ˵ĳ
һϣԼ־ɵúѸƮҡ
֪ͣȻʱ㲻ߵľ㲻ԤƽĲ°ҿ²˯ƮƮҡҡ·ҰݵƮ찡һ޲ٳŵǼ尾ƽϾһʹȼ㲻ԤƽĲ°ҿ²˯ƮƮҡҡ·ҰݵƮ찡һ޲ٳŵǼ尾ƽϾһʹȼƮƮҡҡ·ҰݵƮ찮һ޲ٳŵǼ尾ƽϾһʹȼطͷһۣҲܸߣ棬ҵĸΪһ塣δңȷʵ޸ҰݣʱƮҡˡ
ûеĴ⣬ƺѾҪʱûԭҾǼͨŮӡ
ʮܣҲһ˵طߴȴû뵽⿴ңһҲܿͻָ
ʲô飬Եø㣬üеǳ·ӣϵŻƴӣǼֵܾ촽Щ
ʮĸ磬ǻʰʲô£
ҲϽū澼İ磬İ缪顱
һֻۣ˵˾ˡԹ˺ط˵⳯ϵǲģ˸Ҫ¡
طסңתͷط˵˾䣺ĸ磬ȥȥȻȥ㡣ȥطףҲٴҲܾͬȥˣʵǸղһ·ܣ˷
߿һۣʾǸ⡣Ҳ죬ֻǿȥ˼ȷһ͸ģֻ֪طʮֹذ

24

طһ·ص̸û뵽鶼ɣǿ쵽ʱ˰طų
˵ŻҺط㶼ͣ˿ڣ˫˫ĿţòΣطȿڴк˸磬ʮĵܡҲ˰
ҿطķŭҪǣطҵֱĳȥطҲңᳯҡҡͷʾ嶯һᴦõġ
־ͣڿУȻ£⹬˭εء˰˼ĿңȻǰطļ򣬱һˡ
Ūˣ֡Ϊ˺ܲ
ҵĿ飬ֱر߲ŷſңԹ˿ߵ˫ֻǰҡ
Ϊʲôʮһ𣿡ȫһʵ
Ҫ˭һԼ顱ҲʾʲôʱҾͱ
һٵķô飬Ѿٱ侲
߹ɢŭҲɵһ͵סҵ°ͣҲò̧ͷΪֻҵ۾ҵķŭͿܡ
Ŷ𣿲ҵ£չۣƺ֮
Ŭſңƾʲôңʲô飬ֻԼ³仰Ѿۿת
㲻һֱеǰĹΪʮҪţҾô㿴ϣȻ侲һһ䣬ȴ޲͸İôأպƽϢսһʱĸԶ󽫾
ҡҡͷ۾ȥûоĥڻϡĳ谮͸Ǳ³ôغء
оϢԽԽֱһƬȣҲžѹôұ֣ܵŭһ⣬ûҴȥѾסҵһתͷһѾϣ·ӡ
ͷҪ˿ҵݣһƬˣһǷˣѾ˼ŵÿҪ͸ӿһ裬ⲻҪġ
Ůˣ𣡡һʹſңﻹѪζǱضҲֹס
ߣҲҪٿ㣬ԴķʽҲܣ
ƣתȥˣĺۣϽǵǽش󣬽ɣвɵһ
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һţͷԸҡҽӹӦ⣬ΪǼ£ʮ粻Ҷǣû뵽ʮ縮
ڶ԰緹Сʰһ£뵽ʱʮӦû˱㣬ҴҴһ·ΪȻװҲϲһ㣬ЩСһ֣ͷȻǲŪġ
Сƺһ˷ܣææ£ҺЦĿ㣬ǳһôŵġ
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ȥǵʱϵĸҲҪʧɫˡ
С䣬Ҳǲ֪ҵΪ˴£ҪŪɳ׾ˣƶ족ЦŴĽиǳȥ
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˵˵ЦЦǰȥһѵ޷Ǻúչʮ磬Ҫ̫ƣعˡ
һʱһͷǽԶȥĺǽߣҪһֱߣҪá
ʲôô񣿡໰ʡ
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УҲߵģ߶ԶҶҪһʮҵ֣۾дżᶨ
ҿЦЦÿ˶Լ·ҪߣүҲǣҪú·ԺҪһΪ츣ĺûӡ
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ʮĵܣͦģȥʰɣҪǲҪҽȵȥʮ翴ӣûûε˵
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оͷ˽ԭʮ磬ҵ֣ýģҳ֣ʾš
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ȥ֣Щǽȥģø򷢸ˣ԰תת

25

ḮϺ֣ƫĸ죬԰Ҳ׼ᣬתתȥָų棬ϼλڳҲһֵѺõĻ棬ڡ
Ҳ֣򷢸ߵСѾͷ㡣ȥɣԸ԰תת
ҴԼָָһĸطῪʼ˱ȥҡ
֪Ӻʱʼϲ˰Ϧ̸ʱҲһʱС붫˼ƮúԶԶ
ط鸮԰ʮֵľ£Ұ긮ϵ԰ӻЩҲԶͽˮĵطһʯͷľˮ棬˿ûвȴҵúܣطİݺ⣬طͰԵطš
һʱӿͷܲϲָоԵСʯͷ˦ȥȴˮһͷһǱ
ָ˸ʪʪ˵ԼȴǲЦ˳ʯͷȥƺİϷҲסĿЦȻӱһߡ
һæ֪һƲסϻȥǲڻģֻǸղһϷʯͷͱˮʪﲻסľһ
ڿҪʱһ˫ȵطסҵһͷһȻİط
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ȵȣҿҲȻعˡ ط
Ȼ˸ܸõͻϳ谮ȻסڹͷҪһأҲû⡣λһҲȥˣԱߵҲæ˳˼ϡ
ճţһ紵ϣղˡֺʮ̧ͷǿҡ
ϰߵͷǺǣûµģǸմů͵ӳᱻһеˡ˵꣬һů͵Ӿϡ
үôʹáһŮ
ס죬ү˵ķݣ
һӦͱĻһæҪӡסҵ֣ҲؿԤڵؽ˴ɨԹ޵Ŀ⡣
һ˵ܼѾǣʮҵֱ˳ٿӣڳһ
ʮҲ˰ɣͷҵϥϣɰ˼ƽŮչĸģֻҪָоĶȻȻȥܡ

26

ʮȻ٣һƺԵü̸֣Ҳ⡣
䶯ȻλĴˡ
ȥ˶󣬱𽥲һֱչˣҲǴ̸ҲȥˣʮԽҵýʱʱвС̫໽ҳȥ޷ǽ̽Σ°ˡС˼Ͼ򵥣ʱദҲ⹬Ȥˡ
ʱİүԵøӽܣط뵽̸趨ʡǸžŰ磬ʮ磬ʮİ硣Ҳ
ʮͶԵطǺΣ⡣ûط飬ҲǲǿẈ̂ҵԽ˰磬Ű磬ʮ絹ղֻʱʱЩСЦ
ֻҵҲǶ˷źҲͬʲôϴε¼ȴҲûͬҽЩԽ΢һҲг
طȻҴЩţοҵ˼֮飬ÿζСܻҴСͰҵŷһҾúܰʼдŸСӴȥҰ꣬Ϊ˻ӦʱҲЩԼСڰԼ͵С޷뵽ʽͼľӻ֯Щӡ
˴ղˡ
һֱ˴飬˴ҲҰСǴ˰Ĵ顣
λĴ鶼£ʱλҲڹ֣Իظ㡣
ҲֵУֻʱʱӿһʧ䡣ҵʶﻹǲܽһ޵ʵδ飬ҲǰǽеһϣҲˡ
뷨ֻͬط˵Ҳ֪ģмڹҲǴһ˿ΪûݹʱŻԼ˿ڡ
粻ƵԼҲܣڴʮദʱ⣬ĸҲԽˡ
ҲǰǰĮʱ˵̸ȥģ⹬Ů˳˿ܴƺûʲôȤȻƽʱû¾ϷҲǳеġ
ʮÿÿٲҪ㣬⹬ȷʵƣҲֵÿԳһһļҳˡ
ŰʮĴڽŶǺͰ˰罻ãұƷͰ˰һȥϲ
ʱ˰縮ͷҲûУҸҲûʲôֻǽʱգ̸ΪطˣһͲǺ뷨ˡ
Դϴط׺ǱûٵΪ鷳ŴƻҰĲȻҲΪ˴˵С¶ȥ˺ֵ֮ꡣ
ȷʵչˣ̺ɡ
µˬٻʢﻨ㡣һпգʮ԰;ӹõңЦ
ȣʲôôˣ˵ǰİ˰ΣҲ졣
үʱڷ⼫ãģ΢棬ˬˡҰҵĸоȫ˵˳ЦЦ
ѾͷƵģԭ죬ء ˰翴ҵӣҲһЦȤҡ
ְֲⲻðүһ㿴ܻǶôҸοȥô¡̧ͷ죬иš
һۣͣһ£ȻҲЦ
ʵҸĸоֻ΢Щģ洦׽ʱͣ٣̧ͷһ졣ִֻ̫ǰʧֻűĿĵأΪԼѰ룬ȴ֪Լȴõķ羰Ҽ˵ţᶨ
ദ˵ûиǼٵģĶŵĻӺеۺͿϧ
̾˿һۣ˵ʲôȴ
ҲǵҲ⡣ߵѣֻǡϣƽ֡ҵ͵͵˵
һֱ֪㲻һŮӣ磿ˮ裿壿Щ־ŵĹͼͨĺʱɿʱĹƣ㳪ЩҴûĸ裿㣬㵽˭Ŀʲô
͵߹ҵ˫磬кɻ
һȷʵԽˣⷬȴҲֵõġ
ūԽˣүūҲǼõģֻǽūһʱ嶯Խ˵Щū룬ЩӦҲҪү˵ġϵ
㴧ӵⲢǵ֮£ߡſңȴǲκͱ䣬ĪǱΪү˵ڼɡ
ǰӷͷߣһ֮Ҫƾһ仰ȷ췽ҹ̷
˿̧ͷѾԶˡæ첽ϡ
һ·ֱŰ縮ϡ
һݣһ·ϵĳƣǺҰ˸ϵĹܼң׼Ҹطȵˡ
ҿƺûעң׼
ʮɤԤڵףҲˣãϴε˼̸㣬Ҳٱȹ
Ұۣ̫ˣӻ֡Ҫڹﱻû취ȵˣҲ塣
ʮүū澰ɣǾŰϲӣ첻°ū澿ɲŰ簡ҼֱڰˡǼЦԷǵҡ
ǮȥǱ߰ɡŰЦŰҽΧŰľ֮ˡܼȡֶε
ˣū澻һҸطˡôŸˡæŹȥƫ񲻳ѷ
ⲻ𣿡ߺˣǵתͷһԭʮĵ檣ϯҲǵóý
ϴҲûܺúþ۾ۣҶõһʰһȥɡ˵űұߣǽѣ̲סʮһۣԼŮҲܹܺãҵ֮
һ߱ߣһ߲ͷǣ죬òߡѵóһ˹ȻҪһЦ޵ݡİʮʱҲˣסһĲ졣
аһ

27

ʮ꣬Ǽ䶯ǵĴ⣬ҲûʲôҼסӡϴƫЩһͷ㣬ʱżͶʼɵĻҹ⡣Ҳûʲôʵӡ
ʵЩӸҪ˵ʻûУʮĵ檸ǲŹûᣬֻҡͷЦڹŴǿЩǰʯͷԼĽ
ȻҲΪ˽֮ˣĸϡͻݣݴȣİ絹ǼġҶҲ˺øСʱʱмЦ
ԴκλӵĻ磬װȴҲȥˡ
һҲǺȥʮʮĳɻĳ档ʮҲһ꣬ʮãҲ֪ġ
һȥΡϾҺ˵Ҳմ״ʣοкԶһϵ˰˰˷ȥҲʧڡ
ڰ˰Ļ磬Ϊϴ¼ûȥҲֵøˡ
ֻǵڶհ˰˸лʱϱһμͽŵģһľսζҵ۰ϣҺ޵Ҳ֪֪ԭȾ˰รģӾǺˡ
ʱлӵĸ㣬ϱ˵ġ̸ϣĴ֮٣Ҳֵòֻ˰мЩˡ
һֿͬߣϣȥҲϰǼܿµĶϡڹﵹҲôҼֲˡ
ҵϢȻ̸ͷܣ˵⹬ʲôջҲλˣҼϲ
Ϊƽӻһֱȥʮʮ£ͻȻ񻯣ף̸ҳһţûĹǣССŨᱯ˹ȣҲܹˣڴǰ
һ㱼ǵӦûмģѵҼǴ
ûзӣֻô񣬴Се񡣰˰Ҳһд̸Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ۼһղһգ̫ҽ˵˵ȥ޷Щϻ˼ðͷӦģзңۿ棬ǳŲȥˣҲʼż
ʷôͻ˴Ҳսźͻ㱣⼸ͬĸŮ˸뵽Ҫǰȥһ¡
̫ҽŮľҩζССʱҲʲôҺСϣССæתϵĥʲôÿÿ̫ҽ̾ıһ֣ü۾תӲû
ҹҲû˯˯˴ʲôҲҲ̫˿ֻţŲ壬԰׵ݣ˿ȴҲסһſߵ
оϵ˶һ£ҼæоҼеʡ
Ļﴫ֡
ǣūڡҲᣬæס֡
⺢ӣ˱ˣȿȡ˵ü
˵ūûµġɵʣҲס
ԸӣԼ֪㿿Щ˵˵ҿ״̬ƺһˣ˹ȥ
⺢ӣ̸֪㲻ͬһŮӼңԭ롭ȿȿȡæı
ū澵⣬ūףһӶǣū澽ʱףʵ㵱ԸĶ뾡ľ̺һҪǻҪ壬裬㲻ǣ㻹а˰簡Ҫиʲôô족
Ҳ
⹬ͷûʲôͷֻǰ˰ҷŲģȻ߳󣬵ȴǼТĵģֻԹҵûиİȿȣ⺢ӣĸʲôô᲻ףֻǵ·ȥ֪ʲôٻȴ㲻ˣ˲ˡԵôĺӣ̸ôܲصס㣬ȿȿȣٲҲǸָĸӣҴ꣬ΣǼ׵ģ䲻ܰʲôҲϣ߶ĺӦ
Ƶ˵ЩǼۣ棬Ϊ԰˰ĸҲŲµĵģҲΪԼ˸е
ūʲôԼ㲻֪ū澻עʹУúػ˰磬Ͱ˰ūѵ˿ֻ˵ʷѾעȻ˰ıʧܣʷ˻Ի͵һҳҲΪŬȡûӱܻӵˡ
˿ΪɹʧߡʹϣһͨŮӣʹִҲһƾһĺ֪ʵ˵ʸ
ϵȡ
ɻȴذȡֻδĴ
ϰɣҶ꣬òˡ
ҲĿôоƺڽˡ
ﲻµģ
ɵӣղŻ˵ҵϿϰɣҿе
ҲĴϣƣﾡЦ⣬ƮúԶԶһõĹ°ɡۣˣϸϸҲ˵ڴ߾šϢӿ
ϢɣʣʱҪˣôҲ˯һᣬȻŲסġСѾ˯۾ףݣ
ţСҲ̫ˣԼҲҪעӡ˴ߵԱߣС££ӣҲ˯ȥԺоСҲ˱ϡ
⼸ʱ˯üȣ߲߲ͣţߵݣ˰⼸첻̸߲żѹ˰С̫˯Խߵ˰Ĵߣ˯ҲǲȣͷðźüͷҲš
ʵףҲ⼸ˣֻǲһԸȥʵˡ֪˰Ҫôܡĸһ࿲ǵĹںδͷһᡣϵҶ԰˰Ƕ˷ݲͬԴıˣֻΪϧϣԼøøҸһ㡣
ε̾̾ó־ȥϵĺˮ
ҶŪѣۣ˻Ƶҡ
ҡҡͷ־үԸҲҪ塱ȥ
ʱˣ⹬С¶ææ£㿴嵥÷綼ߡ˵Ѿ
ū澳ŵסģү˯ɣɫ磬ūȥȻ١һû˵꣬ͻȻСĿ޽
һæŰ˰磬æ´ȥͷһ󷢺ڣŬ֧ӣײײظȥԽŲȴȥѾ֮Ľ֡
˰Ѿ嶯ߣŶӵĿңԶٷκһ˿һɨϴ̵ֱֱǰȥ

28

¡أ˰ڳе죻
ʱһ̫ҲˣʱĽΣȴҲһ沢Ŀʼ
ߵССѾ˯æô죬ҲΪˣƣݣﲻи֣˽ǵֻء
ҺãòҵҲʮѣԼȻԵɵò⾿Ĵ
ֵģͣ˯ߣ۵Ѿҡҡ׹ʱ죬ȴȻҪһ̣ѾҲ޲ֻĿͣȻС˹š
Ӻˣ£һнƺҸһҾܾ˽⹬ڵһУܾλעĿɫִĹԼյ֪Ǽңкܶ໰Ҫ˵Һȥ֪Ĺһӱܵõ
ǰ˵Ļһŵ£·š
û̸ԵøӰһļžɫܺãպܸߺңԶܸɾĸоǵ㣬˸ڸ߿գĻϵǰɣȷʵɣʱԸ룬۾Щʪ󣬲ߵ˳ߡ
֪ʲôʱԶŵƹ㣬ʱ⹬УԶ벢ǷָĽߡ
Һܱۣȷе˵ԽһȱİͶȻֻаӣԣݣʼҵŨ֣ȻҲẦ𷣣֪𷣺ͺԶڰݵķΧڵġ
ûһʱ˵˼ǣǣ˵ǻһĿȫ޳ҲֻһΧҲԼԼ
ﴫܹο˵飬˹ħŲܿƵķƶؼҡ
ӺûֻһͷӱһУȥδ֪ٵ𡭡ֱϥǵѪ͸ɫĵ£һĨĿĺֱƽã۾Ҵܵصڵϡ
˫ڵ֧壬䣬ˮવڵϵͷбϣĿţš
ʲôˣǹ𣿡һֵֹסã̧ͷһ
ū澣ȻܵﳷҰļݡü
ǹ⹬ͷѵ㲻ɣôô˵ͱ˼ô£ͱݺ˦⣬ۡ
ǸղһܳλɣҿЦһ촽һʹζǸղűᣬƤˡ
λôôţ̧ͷмλز֪δңô˺ýˡ
ſüͷһ¡
ûſһأʵûվ㱣õƲ
ū澣ﾹȻ˵ƣǷ顣
ľȻһȺˣֻ³һ䡰ūˣȥĹأ
ۿǸôô˦ľȻۼͿ䵽ϣ;ͻȻһ˫˹ȥ͵һƣôôصͷ˳ȥĹŮɷɫ
ұӵһУ̧ȥʮһɷɫɫࡣҳȻһЦ
֣ڿʮİʮ롣
һ۵ңһů˫۲ܿƵؿط飬۵ĵģңȴİסһΪʲôܽǵԭ
̫Ĺǣ̫Ρҵİ磬֪ڰңʱѽ֮⣬ʲôŲġţЦЦ֪ҵЦ̫̫ѿһ˿ֺͲ߻һЩϧ
֪Ƿղųײ뿴ϣŹһΡʮĵĻʵ
ߣǲм
һССĹŮ˽Գײ͹˱Ҳκǣ̵ˣ
ȥ⹬Ůأȷ֮£ǹײġط鿪ڵ
ǰ԰ϷѾʼˣʰѾˣﲻΪ˵С¶ｻǴİ絭Ȼڡ
һɨңһŹŮôôˡ̾ˣ⹬еӱضӼѡ
طæңطһֵʮ磬չ˾ͿˣȥϷɣûʰõȿɲá
οǰİһСǻӽֵĲ𣿡
˳λүūȸˣŸλүϷ
ôУߵ̸ ط
ʮĵܣʮȹȥ˷
ΣططˣĸԷǲӦġ
طǵؿңһظһЦݣ߷߿İط顰һҪʰҪ㣡⻰ֹ棬ͬʱҲطҲǾ档˵תǰȥ
һһæҪ׷ȥﲻͣŲҪ
ϧϥʹòԼطʹؿҡеļְɣҪĥҵʲôʱ򣿡
㶼𣿡һʹȥǧɵ£ҡҪҿ
أ㻹ܾ𣿡 طᶨؿң˫ֽסҵġ
Ҳ֪Ĳ֪Ҫҡ˫ֽסͷȥ
֪˶ã߰ɣȥûһ˿¶ȡ
ãȻ
Ѱ𣿱ΪҲ֪Щʲô
ұԻȥˣصҵ硱ҵ૵
һ㵽һŮˣʮĻʮģǰ˵ܣʮܣ޸κһڹеŮ˵ĪĸݣﵽЩʲôЩʲô
ⲻҪߵ·ǣҲ֪ΪʲôΪʲôҪΪʲôǵ֮ѡʲôʵⶼҪģүŹ֮˵ҸѡʲôҲһһĪʧҲҴûʱҲ֪ڵ˭֮ġҲܽκγŵҸκγŵܲܵǿҵĴڣԼŪôһ¡
޴ؿȫ֪Լ˵ʲôͷһҡ
ȻüɫⷬԺҪͬ˵뱻ɷӱؽĻö˼ȻѾڹͲӱһУҲҪٷһΡʱ۵ĲֻԼ
һһͷ࣬ôǣڹﰲΪĲǹİͶ
ѾˣȥɣһҪȥ԰˵ϣһᣬ㱻
βã廹ҪϧģʵҸĸоֻ΢Щģ洦׽ʱͣ٣̧ͷһ졣ִֻ̫ǰʧֻűĿĵأΪԼѰ룬ȴ֪Լȴõķ羰
ҵʱ˵
Ҿȵؿô֪Щ
㡭Ҳڳһ
ȷʵǸڲͬŮˡ
Ҳÿɷ뵽һµ

29

һҹߣһƿƿ޹ޣһŷҡ
Ҹ㻻һҩɣѪıİ籧һҪȻҪǷɹϣϸӡ
Сһ߰Ϳҩһĵ˵
סС֡ǰǽüѵüˣҰҵƱһЩΣǶ˰ɣõš˵ϱ㻽СС
Ҳƴǣǽһ뵱ҸյߣʲôǵչˣҼҵʵҲҵģ궨ڶ˸ͽģǣʵģõǮĵطǲ٣Ҳҵһ⡣
ǵƴǣҳǰοĽ͡ķǳãײĵ⹬ǲùʮȥ飬ʮҡҡͷԸȥ룬ĸٲǮܣֺαִ
ֻľӣƽʱľӺͽԼ·ʰһСЩѾ㹻
СѾʣԵúѹ֣ȷʵǣ⹬һһԨ̸ڷ絵꣬˵ܳ裬˰ǼڹҲȥ˭֪˭ء
һʱ䣬Զͷֻǻһ
ˣǳȥɣԼҲҪˣ㻹µ𣿡СϾǴŮ
û£ǲҪˣСϣʰһµǰȥɡ
Ǽһۡ⹬ﻹСĲǣСֱʣΪ˵¶вɳ嶯
˵ϼȦһ졣
̸һ˵ȽּʥּҪǼŵĶԿﲻ֪˶תæµصּ
СΪڹʱ䳤أɵ鷿˿ȴҲΪ˵黢С˵ûôˣֵֻӦ̫ܳƽҲδزá
ÿһ֣ⴺ磬վͿܱʹ࣬Ψһֻ費ţһʥּﲢδҵȥҲ̧ͷ
üҡ
ūǡһִ̿ץĽ
ūһ˰ɣҪ㡱˺ܲпᣬѾ˲Щˡ
ҽץŰ󣬹ĵ·˲°ٻأûĻôţϥϵ˻δãÿһʹһʹ⣬⹬ɻͬĸٵÿ
֪԰ûзʲô¡
һݣ㿴İ磬ʮ磬˰磬ʮİ綼ڣҶʱ񣬽ץ˲䷺ףҾŹĹأǰ
ū澼ϣ򸣣İ磬˰磬ʮ磬ʮİ磬λ缪顱ǿ򶨣ʱЩ
¹ȴ˿гɣû̸ûǰ;ƺһƬãҴʱԼʷ޵̫ãֻǵüλĵոҵͬеĻҶ֪Ʈɢη
ϥǵĴʹôˣȴƫƫţ˸лţֻŵôأͷѾϸϸð֪ʹĻǽţûֻܵͷȴС
ʰꡭ
ʮĽһ˿嶯ʲô㡣ȴһҲҶеĻ́ͷԻϡ
̧ͷڴϣҲɵ̧ͷ
֪к£ӷȴִ˿˿ü𱸡
ɵÿλ磬ʮǵģʮȴǷ򶨣Щڴ뷨ҲҰҧҧ´
ػϵĻū澲֪һ껰ú
֪޵ļλ綼Ҫͻ飿˵޸ξϣ
һڹͷǼɻ䣬ôһССŮ٣Ȼλ죬Ҫͻ飬˲Ůӡ
֮ϵ΢̫ƣ˭жпܻ̳дͳô鷢ء
вȻʮҲûйƻֳɣһ壬ʧҿܱ֮ء
ߴİһȣȻæͷ
ػϣū澻̿֡Ҳ˵Ȼ⡣
ôѡأвסЦʱǺ޲ýҾ͵ش˰ɡ
λһּ޺Ϊѣ㰢ԱǰɣŮҲЩأ޵
Ѿﻢ£ϥѪ˫Щ
æסӡϣū澽ߣ̺ţбʹ֡Ҳ顰üλΪū֪ڴ˿ū߿Դȫū澡˵ֿͷȥ
Ŷģ˼һ£ȻüȴƲκ
ϳȫҼᶨ˵
Ǽô˵
ʰ꣬ⲻ£ǶԼĲѣʰȫһ⡱ʻһԽŵʮ̳ػ
ֻԵؿⳡôƣ׻ᣬѵҪٲ
ٶ˵δ̫飬ֻܳĬԶԡ
ֳһƬ壬İ磬˰ϾЩʱûжֻңҺεºܰ
ʮҲ ʰ꣬һƬģ⣬ɴȴ¾棬ۼ޹ 
˵ȷǺȴʵΣ֪ߣطҲòĸжֻǿΪңֻܽ뵽ˣʹУǰһɡĿԣǧڲУˣĲȻУȴ˲ڡȴҲֹס¡
ߵʮĽȭͷյ죬ȻŭˣЩȴ۽ҲѾĻҪȴƫƫǧɽˮҺʮıˡһȻƫʮһЩҲûа취顣
ǰʰ꣬ǰϲǸ񣬶ҲţҲΪ顱˰ʱ
û뵽ʱȴȻҪȥһҶĸӵݸλأҲᣬи֡
΢΢ݣȴϵʵġ
ػϣū澵ġҲǰѾ뵽ҽտ˰ɡϣһת
˼ڰ֡ˣˣģ㿴¸紦á
ʰ꣬ݣ͸รҲǲǲɵģСڹж꣬ԣҲ١
΢΢ͷҵҲһ㡣
ʰ꣬ʶãϣʰܳȫ⣬ָмһԱ߼ɴʮİⷬ˵ǣֳ嶯
ˣǶ£һǵÿķǶ£Բ͡
ʹԼ߳⣬˿ߣұƲס
Ա˷סңҿǼδߣᵽɤӿڣ⹬˶ӣĸٶסӣס
֮£лλȣڴлˡ
ǣҶʮϣһ鰡⹬֪ңҵ˭
Ϸȥ߿⣬ҲԸ޸ңﵽ״ʲô⣿֪ʮʹģȴֲò˺ҵ¡
ίߣһʱ嶯Ҫȥ
ʮİ磬ǲǾû
㣡ɨϥǵѪһƬ࣬ڼλǰҲܣôأߵĶһתȥʹĴͷ
Ҳȱżʰôðɡ˰Ķŵ
ҸмؿǣǧǧᡣüλΪķΡ
İ綨ңȻ˵˵ܣЩһͬȥǻʰ㼯
˵Яͬȥʮмؿ˿İ硣İ糯Ȼĵͷ
ֵСѻİɡֹ֮ȻճתδΪһССʧκεĲͬ
ʱȷ̸ɡ
ʮ磬ԼȥɣҲ㡱
زˣôʲôʮ΢΢̾˿Ծɷһһǰߡ
ҳĬȴҲܿܡ
һ̸ֱһ·Ǳûٶ໰СѾˣŵ̸ʱյģҲʧʲôƵģʮҵ£ҩ࣬ײ
ӹᰴסң¶ҵСȣҰĪģʱʮ޴Ӿܾκ£ֻϧʹ۾ʪһУƺǧһôȻôȻ
һǰһ󵽴ﳩ԰ʱѾҪ㣬˸粻˰ɩȻʮĵܱϾ嶯һҪͻ飬ʱңңûüס
Ȼʮ˵գ֪ǳ涨ռҵġҲ֪Űʲô֣ȻҪҡ ҡͷ
ط飬ⲻ㣬ҲȥͲᷢ£ңһʱƲסﶼˣûáһ¹ʣҲЩʡ
һֱҪ⹬ͷţﲻˣҶʱʧ֧һҶôӣԽҷݵԽ
طߣ§סҡ⹬ͷûõģһ𣿱˵ģʮĵܵҲǲˡ
ǰĶֻԼҲܷŹԼ
ʱһԺˣʮĵܿ˿ڣ֪ʱҪԥľͺʧ֮ˣǳǰܣҵʱȥ֪ԣȴܺˡ
̧ΪʲôΪʲôȥ
ʹһɲǸۣ彩Ӳ§
ҽǴˣҲòô˵ٶһ״߿Ҳѣѵ
ط飬Ǹɵϣôܹô׾ͷ֪ҵʱʹֻҪٶҵʱ䣬ٶһʱ䰡ʧ޳
ʹʹԸӣû뵽ֳ棬ӱܿܵĽģȴҲʧȥүôôƽ
Ҳڡ̧ҵĨȥҵۣ˵
ط顱ҽӵҪʧȥĶҲҪ֣ҵĺܲ
⣬ϣҪ̫٣꣬ôһжϣ
֪İһĵ·ĿֲõԤС
Ѿ˰ҲںɪɪƿĻ򿪰ó룬ȡطϵ壬֯ҵģҵ飬ҵͳͳ֯ССĽС
֪˶ãˣ˿µ¹䡣
طסҵ֣ҿѲԣǶסΣͬԼС
ʮ˰͢ı㿪ʼˣΧߵļλ翪ʼ˿һҼطΪȼ˫˫ϥɵ棬վ˵Ķ飬Ҳһ࣬˭˵ڵҾǽʳеʮĽգۣ׸Ӻ˰
ط飬˵⿴͸£֪δǺǻʵ
ңһʣǵģһֱϸģġ֪ҪĲһ𸴡
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ɻң֪ҵ⣬ҵĿܣҵʹࡣ
ط飬ΪҰϥǣҲҪӦңúñԼϥǡص
䣬ĵطҲҪΪʱʧܶһҪúñأܴӦ𣿡
Ҳ֪˵᲻κθı䣬ϲɲ˿ƣطҲܿƣҲϣǰҪôʹ࣬˽̫٣ֻ֪Ϊȼʮֲ㣬˲ٿ֪࣬ϥǣȴ֪ǺԭԶ֪Ҳδдʵڡ
ңЩɻ󣬶ȴǸжӦңòãһҲҪǡ
ãҴӦ㣡סҡ
ٸҴһ𣿡ʱⲻˡ
صĵͷóֻҽӹḧβִĻһйᡣȻ
УҸе˾ʧʱǵģԶҲĥ벻ɿܵΡ
˵СͬеĲΣֻ沨ٴͣܽ󴬣Ҳ޷˺աŻôϰɡ
ˮƺһˮҲ˰ɡطƺһôΣ˱֪ԭ˰
ܵĽʲôأҵҵʲôأ˽Ҫ룬Ҫȴ֪ҲһС˶ѣˣֻ˳ΪҵӱֺγΪԼΪ˱ء
طǸҵĳͷɡ

30

ұϥڴϣ紵룬䣬ǣȴտޱȣɺⷭ
ʱ˺ܾðɣתڣûеƣҵѾڰˣǵȴٵķˣȴµһ̡ϵһĻѾ˶ģҲǳˡʹìܼ尾Ժɡ
ҪңǰҲأһ˿ǣȥעҵˡ
ʱŽŲͷš
ȴ֨ѽˣͷû̧˵ǿĵģֺεĿġʮĻ˭
ѾûκԹǿĵˣѾ˵ĽŲȥˡ
Ҫˣ˵
档û
ҪΪڶеһˣ𣿡Ȼƽȵ˵˵޹ҵ¡
Ϣء
ҡûа취ôҿɫкԼҪģִԵҪǻɳġ
Ҳ꿪ʼ
û
죬ҪȥҶǱߣֱޡ
ʲôʱüŵĵĻ̫
һºЩĵ˵
ô족ҵૣ̫ˣһ£Բ˵ֻǲร׼ʱ仹̫ˡ
һҲٵġҡæؽ͡
ǣҲҪɣиöǺ°ʮûô˰ɡԼ׽Щ
ʵôںЩڵأֻһЩֲΪٿµĻ壬ĶϾǲԶˡҺܿĶ㲻
ҿԻؼҴ𣿡̧ͷڴֻˣ꣬Һǡ
ԡ
ؼסЩӣ缸ȥ𣿡ҶţѾľˣȻ
һȥͬ˵һ£ǲܱ֤ҶЩΡ
ģ֪ôδţǡ
ңȴû߽ˡ
һȥĵּһ£ţȥ̬Ȼƽˣ޷ıɡϵ˺룬ʶ˶ˡ
ʮɫ֪ˣɨδͣİɫӣȴҲδನ׳ʮܳ裬е棬Ҳö˵ʲôˡ
ּ
ҹ£ԵЩ·졣
޷һ˵ǣֻһ䡰ʮİΪรһº飬մˡ
ʮԱһҡл¡³ڡ
ͳѪһֻһԡ̫
̧ͷ׼ȴеס񣬿ʼʱһҲˣĪĪˣȻҵĽҼʮĵ֤ЩͷΣҸʲôԵݣѵʮģҲԱߵʮģЩ죬ȴ˵һ仰
ӵҿ
㶵Ľӹӡлʹ͡
Ա˿
ˡ
ɴ䡣
һ׼ƺȴԴ
˰
Ұ㰢뵽ǰ㣬ȥɡİԱ˵
ҾϲҰꣿδδİ갡ҺüеӲ
ʮҹӡ߰ɣҺһȥ
İ磬ллǳл
ҪллʮɣҲǾ֮ͣѵǷġİ翴˿ʮ˵
ҳмĵͷ֮䣬ԣֻǷʹϸʮ
æתæʮȥ
꣡Ҳǽӣ˿ż֮ңİ꣬ȴûǰ˳ȥֻԭȴֲغһꡣ
ݺᣬǰҲƲססĻӿҵı
ˣͿҪ˻ô˿Цðúÿң´ϲһЩӵĲɫ
ãðҵڳˡο˵
꣬ﻹ𣬶÷𣿡
ʮĵĿԡæʮ밲
ʮæӣһˣؿ
ʮİ磬ˣСŮԣչˡ
Ҳһǵ
ʮȻ߹ԺеʱҪȹȥ͹ٺһУǱǻûел
ȥɣ
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Űı˰ұͷٿ֪ʲô취ȥҪ
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ģһ˵ġ
嶯ʱһܺõˣǣҳЦЦҲʮ˰ǿˡ
Ժֻ׼һЦİġΪĹϵôԣǴ󽫾ȴǲòԼĶ̫˽ˡ
˼˿ɬȴͷԣϣԶ
׼ÿϧȴ֪һеǡ
ռֱҡͷЦĲ׼ж
۹ȴɨһįӰҶʱסЦݣ˻ϲ˱עҪˡ
ū澼Ｊ顱ұǫֻƽ
ߵʮĵԵࡣ
϶ʱů̾ѹպΪ˼ʮһ棬ԸһѪҲ˰
ɡ
ڹŮʾԱߵϣʮȴߣҲ⹬Ͻ£ҲԵܿɹ
İǾ͵òĴɣҲɵǸǿ̣˼İɹߣעĴҲǲͬġ
ӶлȫöӴԸʮĳ˵
һδʮӣֱд۽磬û̵ĺӡ
⺢ӣϱڣô֪˵꿴ҡʮĵһ㶣϶ʱһƬҲûӦ
ֻ΢ЦĿǡ
ԱߵļŮǲ˵ЦΪĸӣ͹Ҵûɣ˿
ûûСģȻȡЦүʮŭ
ʮүū澲ҡģȴֹסЦҲڲͬ󵨵ĹŮ
һ˶촽ݰף۾ȴۣѹŴŮҲɵ͵ĿģıֵҲ˼ֲˡǲ֪ķʥ
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ĸӻˣɶ˵ֱ࣬񿴹ƵģΪ⡣
һ¾ҪˣҪȥ׼׼ʮ˵ȴСĵĴŵķӦ
һҲ߲߲⿴һۡôͲҸϱ׽죿ձ
ĵĻԺ󻹲ǿԳ
ϱȢҪۣɻǵԼ˼˵һһġſЦʮ˵ţȴȫ⻰ǳ
һ£Ӧù˵ģʮԸףȴȫҵѰǻʼϱ
ؽʵ֣ͷԼ½ǡ
ȥ٣Ϥһ£ѧĶ˵˵ԼĶӽεū֮
ʱʱעŶ߱ͬ˵
𣿶ȥôˣҶˡЩ˵ǰˣû뵽⵽ҡ
ʱ㳣ͱŮһ
ţҵԶ㡱͡
ʱǾڲ£ǿ϶ָĸ磬Ǳѡ󹬵ġˣǸŵϣᵽɵ졣
ֱʹ֮ˣ鵹Ҳɲ١
û뵽 㾹Ȼһǲƽ̸ֵֵطƺΪҴ򱧲ƽ
ҲΪ̸áɫ˵ʵ̸ҹúֵܿĵطŮˣʵңѧܶණľҲ˿١
˵ˣҲҪ޸ʮүˣྡסŴɣס ĸڣʲôҪ˵Ŷ
ྡǺǣɵÿЦϣǰɡ

31

ΪǴ֮ҲûʲôҪǷ裬ڵ̺š
ӡ̫̣ļλôô͹Ůұͺȴǲмģ˭ƹһǰء
λһƵôôÿμұ·ߣҲȷʵΣôҲи֡ɲǲһֵ¡
Լ⣬ֻǱúúȨȨˡ
ƽʱԱ̸ʱҲῼҵѧʶЩҲûʧΪϲҲܺ͵ϼ䡣
ǲҪı˵ĵһӡǺѵġҲֻǾûпֺãȴҲֵòҲӮЩء
ʹĪڼλĳ趨ʡվڵߡԴ֮󣬷ϣ֮Уպǹ졣
üʮǰ˲裬סˡ
ÿʮİһ͹תƣȴɨʮʹįʱһһģİʮǴҴҴȥ
ոһա
ʮ֪һеģȴδ¶̫ǼˡϾ͹СԼΪֹ
̲סʮġʲôʱԻȥѾԶˡįؿŹ⡣
ʥּˣ㰢Իٰģ̫ġʮ۹롣ǲҿ
֪Ҳ˼Һǡ֪ǹˣˣ겻ҲɵԵ˵
˵ڣ޲ԼͣİֹʮͬϺ͵氡ֳ̫һ
ʮ۱ҡ֪֪һͬ˵ġ
ԲʹؿҲô˵ġ
Һ޲ͰȢţһҲȲˡʮļı
ÿһ˵ѰġҶ̾Ϣ
ҲɵıⷬŪؿңҲƿǲܽҷʵ
ʮĸ磬ſһϤҾϲתͷ
ʮ˫ɷؿǡ
æ߹ȥʮ磬㣬þòˣ㻹𣿡һﳤˣڶһˡ
ʮһ⣬űۿµ⡣
ϾҪ޸ˣΪʲôܱҲ һСƽϡ
Ҳһۡ
ʮĸ˵ģҪ޸ˣʮһĲš
үϢֱŲţⲻӲҪʸסС̫˵
ҿʮ°λصǵģҪˡ
ƭң˵ҪȢģô˵ʮȦ죬һůСһﻹǵǰĳŵء
ʮܣô˵أôȢ꣬ʮĸٸҸõġ
˭ҲҪҪʮСԣּҲ˸ж
ҪĽУԺҪʮɩˡʮĺص˵
ʮİ磬ܲ˵䣬ôһСӼƽءҿʮɫЩ̡
ʮ磬ū澹㣬޲ˣҶʮĸǲģʮҲĶԲԣһǰһϸİñ
ʲô𣿡ʮһ˫۾ҡ
һ˿ھΣһǼᶨسͷ
ԺߣҲҪüǿŶΪ㽾ģԺʮ磬ú㣬õŮŶ
ˣ˵Ȼתܡ
С̫żںܡ
һʱı⺢ӡû뵽ҵôϣֻһʱĺԡ
ߣСͷᣬϱʮһң˵
㣡Ҽֱû˵תȥûʲô˵ġ
ûôʲôһʮ绹ʮĵӲƢһ˴ˡ
һ£ǰߡҪҪʱҳܣﰧ
վססҡҲ޸ǲĸԸ֮˸ͲҪ˼룬ҿɲ˿Ц
ſҡҶƽڡ
ǲǻǲڹҡҿ˵ʮģ֪ʱζʲô
ȻȢңҪңûΣǶʹࡱ
ȻִĲ֡
̾Ƿޣע˵ģҪһӣ𣿡
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ӭȴİ磬ʮ磬͹ЩƵļ棬ҲЩ׼ˣϵͣһᣬǷǷ֮Ѿһǽ
Ƕܿ˴ˣϸ΢鶼ȴԽ˴ˡǶ²ǽȴԸǶǽ۲Ϊ
ʵֺγأҲȻϸ졣
ʧæϵĻƣԴӵ֪δǰؼҴ޺󣬱Ʋ֣ҲȸҵһȣȻôҲǲͬˡ
̫Ҳʮĵʱʱҳȥתת£Խˡ
֪޹ȴƲסԼʮ밲սݣҵĴȴǶҲû˵ֻǸտʼգ۱㳣͹߶ҺҲ˺ѡ
ĬĬĺǸмеźԽˡ
ҲҪ̳ʮҪȫĵϺͷ֣Ϊ죬ҲʱʱʮģҲ˶ʧԭûдӦһؼұһѡ
ڵǰҽ˵ˣر֣ľޣʮļֱţȴ޿κΣǵĹϵʹסǰá
λǶĥ񣬱˴Эж֪ġҪɳ
ƲԼ̸˵ļλˣǰķȴգλѼڣھ͵Ŵͻλ׹壬ȴ֪һ⣬ȥĮܳ˪֮࣬Ǹ˰ɡ
ͣ˵Ҵϼ꣬ȴҵĵĮǰȴԵഺöˡǣڴԹ԰ʱʵҪҸɡ
š˵ں԰ңЦ԰ȥ
ǷΪܻؼҵ鷳հҡֱֱΪϣǸܺദˡ
ҳ΢΢һЦʥּͻȻԼ⼸侲ػҪеģ˷ִ磬Ҳûʲô뷨ˣⲻǹңһֵÿء
ǺԣǶĽأϧʮû⸣մź˵˼ϸ壬ʮãͬЩ
ûǻʵԴĮǿк뷨
ͷ־֧ͷתĮʲô˵ģ˵ģɳƶ񤣬Ҫмƥ붼Ը롱
΢̾ȻˣҪ֪ԼҪȥֵطԽܰɡ
ʮĸ˵ǵطȷʵѴЩ֮һϲǣЩսӿڵ
ҺǺǸЦʵҲô˵Ҿ;ôĮͦõģһ޼ʵĲԴտأȺţ򣬻ˬֱʵǣԶΪݶӣҹңԶ޵ǿգǻ磬ؼֻʣԼ޾Ҳʮֲİ
д֪ĴĮ֪Ƿˡǿ
ĮȥǾȵҡ
ɵһ조Ҳ˵ģлᣬҲȥ߰޷ıǵˣǴڴͻϲȥҲ
Ҽ˵ǵȻʣȴûǷѣҲǵ˵һãֻǸиз
˵ҲеǴĮƺ̫ˣеȫͬս˵
۵ͷǡ
˵һֻӲͷƤ˵ȥǾǿֱܴɣᣬ۵ʹˣҲֿܴǻŮˣǲǣ
ǰҲĮˣȤ
ҵͷǱӡʵҵΪߣǿߣżǿ¸ңýϣֻҪĽύǻǺܺõѣΪеˣߡ
ȱЩϸᣬǺһĶģֻǱֵķʽͬѣͺĮ;ǣʤδ˵ġһ˵еĸо
ðû뵽Ҳзݼأƾ˵˼أЩȥĮˣЩİһİʮ򸾡
æվū澼İ磬ʮ磬ʮ
Ҫô⣬Ͼһˡҡ
ĸ磬ʮ磬ʮɩɰһɡ۸˵˵
ǶҲŲһʱҲҲ
Ǹղ̸۴ĮҵҲⲻûȥءҵ˵
תİ磬ʮҪȥɣǼŮ˼ģҸҲþû۹ˡ
£ղҲ𣬾һɡʮ˿ڲ裬˵
İû˵ȴҲûܾ
ˣ˵˵Ҿ˵ıҵĸ˵úöˣ˿۹ǵǲһأʮãҲҪԵЩ˷ܡ
ԥصͷʵū澶ԴĮҲֻЩǳԵ뷨ѣûȥĮغʵЩģҪϲǿԶİʮ˵˵ǿĮġ
Ҿ˵Ҳˣûȥƾ;˵㲻ʮһŪϵӣһ˵ƺǧٱһҲɵһ죬ٿ
ھǣһֱڹ˵ӴĮҲû˲Űİһۡ
İˣū澲˼һЩˣСŮңģҪ̫гáСǲ֪еɻ
Įֱ,ԲĮɳѩ,ɽƹʵҲǴЩʫġ
˵ʫʣѵô£ǽһ´Įʫ
˶͡
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šҪǰһŻȥֻܿ㰢ˣİɣоģ޵ˡοҡ
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ط飬ֻ֮Ǹ࣬˭ҲܲҲԺǵжҲһء
ôܹ˵ƽ㶼뵽ˣѹĸ˵ԽԽˡ
ط飬˽ҵһһ֪Ҳһ⣬֪£һҪƽȷʵΥȥŬһôԸأѾѡֻǳ٣һɰܡЦ˵
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ط飬ɵģҲ˽ģҲģԸ㻹ǸģˡĬĬıӰ룬˭ֹ˭ǲҪֻҪ֯

32

ڶһ磬ұ׵ȵųһȴＱð
һȡЦ˵㿴ѰģҪȲ˰
Ҳ⣬ȥ
Ѿ֪ͨ㰢ˣӦþڹ⡱˵
ôôôôҲһͬȥڵЩͬģҪ˻ˡ
һӱɳλôôһλŮ٣ʮĵĳ谮ȷʵû˵
û߰ɡʮһ¡һڱ˿
ֱõҡͷֲǵһΣŵġ
ʮЦúܰ׳աҲɵü
ˡǷǷ뿪
ȵȣȥ˵Ҿߡ
ҵҪ
ʲôҪ޸ˣ֪ҵ˶áḡЦһҲ⡣
㡭˵
ں͵ЦĿ첽˳ȥ
ӣӡͣҶẰ
ôòá

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һ˰磬ŰҲڡ°үȫˡ
˰磬Ű磬ʮ磬λ缪顱
ô͵øĿʮǰҪҵļ
ʮǰһʮ磬ȥﰡ
ʮڨЦ֣ŰȤʮܣ˰ɡңӣʮĵ͹ܣͬǸ缸ˡ
ʮĵܣ㣬ȵˣǻŵŰ糯ʮЦЦ
һǡʱѾﾺô𡣶ʱɫɲףû뵽ҲֹսͬʱҲһӡ
ŵܣ˵ʲôʮĵһ꣬㲻Ҫֵǲ족˰æԲ
ʮɫŻСҵɫ
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ǡߣǸҶͼʮҲæǡ
һţ¸겻ж仯һ۱ϳˡ
ϲǰС㡱
ҵ΢΢ʪ󡰵¸
ţС㣬ϳɣүһڼȥˡæϳ
ʮסҡҡ
ȥɡҲ˳
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Ժ˳һ۱㿴Ͷ쳤ϲվſڣһȥ꣬
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33

Ա춯ѣİĻ˯úǳ
ʮķ˸̽̽ĶͷãѾˣ˿ľվۣѾˡԺѾ߶
ҲżǵϻҪȥȥ밲
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÷ƣ룬ۼˡˣ÷㣬 ˴ҹ滹ʲôˣǽ̺ȥ˯һ¡
С㣬еģԺЩ¶ھȥۣж˳ȥѾͷūԵһա
æҳһԣһֻⷿҵĶתͷԺʮĵûҪ·Ըȥϴɣ԰ͷһףȻɸѾͷҾСЩæҡ
ҡʲôȥˡ
ү˵ʲôûϵ㰮ôԸȥҡ
Ů˾鷳ϵɷһգҴʱҲܲô࣬÷ˡ
ȥﻻ·ﲻ㡱һ÷㶯㣬һš
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ȥҵ·ùôµġ
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ˣɣȥ밲ɡվͷһ 顣
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죬ұ֪ԺĻרԺ￪һСյأʱЩŴŮ˵Ļ̫٣ƺֻ߽ӡ
һŽʵ˸׵ǧ÷߼ӵĸ֣ǰշշתתȦѵķӥչᣨúˣƯվƽ⣬˫ƽչһֻߣ߳ͷѼӵڽģѶϵܴҲɡ
ѡȽѧǼѡȴҲûԷԼֻʱʮһ棬ȻæԵġ
ֵˣȻ˵һ𣬺ΣһӹҲң
รĺôǿԳƲȥʹ밲ԴչûٸСЬҲǿʮûɣһжȴǱǰ׶ѡ

34

ٽ꣬縮ҲƵ
ԺȻ壬÷Ĵ£Ҳ
ҲֵУԽԽǾٲ÷ˡ
ʮĺ÷챧Թ˼Σ»ͱ䡣Ҳ⣬ӹң徲Ҳϰߡ
±ʣů¯ţ˿ʱԭѩˣæů¯ѩһƬ
ѩƮ£Ұɫ·תۼ
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С㣬ôһ㶼ѽǰԺЩ˶æˣӣãʹ˺Щ㵹ãƲȥ÷һĲƽ
Щ֮ҪҲգȥǷָʲôִʣ
Сñ˶Ժ乬ˣ㶼֪˶˵Щʲô˵æס졣
ЦЦҪ˵ȥʲôҲܲסڿڰǹԼӱãЩԼܡûֵͣ淢ˡؿš
÷һͬ뵽ʲôüɫ衰С㣬ǰԺ˵ҪԷأѩˣӦҲˡ˵һΡ
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С㣬ɾͲ֪˵ҪŹǰúôһҲܺƴ󰡡ϸһȥأûǸŹүС㲻ġ
ҶԴûȤͰڼӡ
С㡭÷һġ
УϹүĽУץ˻ͷ÷ԽԽͬãڵҲſЩˡ
С㣬֪ˡ뵽Сǰôϲδ˻ᣬСѹ
˵ʲôϲü
ĸСúܺء÷һĿġ˵СǸүѧء
Զˣұ⼸ЦԷǣϣ˳㸽һθ顣
үɾͲˣС÷ģС͸ˣС󣬱үҲ˵ȥ˾ӪҲ֪ˡ
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÷㣬ǰ긮˵ҶӱҲ֪õûС
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ܲˣһˡɡ˵һҵƨһ顣һܾб˳

35

Ҳ᲻
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һ粨ȥˡ

36

С㣬ĲȥųһƴÿıؾĿ峯ĽɽϴģŮˣϹҲǲģЩǡ
ƽʱǾֹţ˵ˣƵ䷶ʱͬӢˬ
һڻֲ߱ЩעԼŮͬҲ⣬ε˾ϣܲͷʹٲ˵ģܵõϵİǲҪģеλҲ
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ҽ˽ֵů¯£ʼǷݻͺʤģֻұԽƽڴսӰ٣ˣìҲӦûһЩɡ
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һοڰϵķɼԵĹҲǲġ
С㣬㿴ʮҲûȥأ÷ҵָ֣档
ҵͷߵѩ˵ð顱
,С㣬үȥء÷ҡ
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⻰ûһŮΪˣǸһҲϧָ

Ҳûõģ㻹ӵõ˵Ҫ֣㻹򶨣˵
һ˵˭ڲ
˵㲻֪
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ıӰѵش¼硣ƺһ

37

ıӰѵش¼硣ƺһ
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ʱʱһЩСﴩֵҲżĽɫҲûȥˣȻ÷ָż
תͷСͻȻ˾Ƶ˻УĽһæƺǳﲻͣתȦһȣ㱻ˤõµѩܺ񣬲Ǻʹ
ȴСѾܵ
ιܰҲͣغҵĽźŤˣҿܣҲûӰôء
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ôʲô˵ء

38

ʮ٣ҵ˼ԽԽɫҲԽãҹҹߡѰ
ƫʮҵԺӣֱߣԼӰ쵽
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39

鷿֣÷һûһӣ˻ŦŦĿһҲȥʵ̫Ѱ
µĳΧֻж̶̰²ʱ䣬ʮڸʱ伫٣ϻҲҹȻģϾһȺӣ̫̰ðⲻ֪ķУİס
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ǰ˰磬ÿÿʹ֣ȻִӡʷС˵ǹװϷжΪǣԽᵳı˽桢ҲТ֮Թ֮
֪ЩʵеͣТ˳ϻۣͨʣΪλ΢ڰУδԱڳйԵЩŬҲǿ
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ĵͷ

40

ڶ죬ʹͣ︣ԴԴ븮ΪҪԴҲȥӦЩ飬˿ÿ쾡Ǳ¸ְ̥ҩ
ۿеԽԽٽȴ޷ţż
ԭ԰˰˵Ļʮת棬ǰ϶ǲˣģԽ֪ԽãϾ̫ˡʮȦҲĻŲѡ
ûİ취⼸ˣеİæ׼ƽĴҲˣ˰粻Ȼһ취һ棬Ҳȥֻ˸š
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֪ҵûУǧҪ°

41

һߣŵľǣͻȻǱһͻȻҲڸ
˰º裬ҲڸţǸһ˶ûУʰһ£ͬ÷ϵʮĸϡ
ȥʱһңѾͷôôԺܣš
ʱʹĺУҵҲһšڲһͨʱ˶æˣ˭Ҳûע⵽ң÷Ա߷סң˸ײˣֱ˵Ȼظȥ̫Σա
Ҽͷ󺹣ˮһȥѾͷɫҴҵı
üʱˣôûǧɱѲ
ҲȲˣƿ÷㣬ôôżҽæСร˽İǾͿˡ
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Ŷ߶ȥæҰ׵ɫĺˮüͷżʹࡣ
ҽס֡ʮɩңˣҪס
΢΢ۣû˵ֻǽץңҳʹȴûɿ
ڵʲôš
Ŷ½˵Ȿû£ӣûǲеģȫʹ
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ңԣһһ£϶ûµģҡ
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ĳҵͷ
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ս϶áҳһ£Ҳ˽ȥ
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˽һЦʮɣ㱦ġ
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ˣˣҴĶվҵһԵ̨
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۾ֱĵң̧֣̯ҵ־һ˻һ־԰ѡ˻һƺҵҲ˺һ
Һ㡱˵
Ҳŵؿɫɷʱ԰ף÷㵣ǵؿҡС㡭
ãȻҡǻȥɡ
ʧǻصûгһյĵʹҵ񾭺ܴⳡشҲˡ
ֱڴ죬˲еʶ÷ͺŵֻʣ
ݷֻûҹ
ʱʮ˰ѶҲ˻̫ӱУʹǰعм͵ˡ
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˫һɡôУһʬҿɵΡ
ֵ֮үһæС£ͲҪүˣҲûˣˡ˵ϾҪ
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ߣžˣˣҳȥˡ˵Ťͳȥˡ
һġҿıӰ˵

42

һںƺƵؾˣֻǴ˴λؾԶȥʱ龳һ˵ʱǶһƬϢ
ʮգڰո͸λʮȴǻûüظ³С磬㱻Ľе
ʹΪʲôĵܻǷˣԭýĲ飬ּˡ
̶գϱǲԷϻ̫¸ء𢣬̫Ľ̰
үʱȴһ紵ݶûУʮĻ죬ֻҴۣȥ鷿ͨƹδȴⲢǺõͷӣȴʲôҲˡ
ʱȴõҪĹͷˣҪ÷ʱʱȥҴһϢرעûһµĵʦλ
һգҩ÷
С㣬֪Ҹһµĵʦ챻󰢸縮ˣ˵ú׼ү˱գŰ磬ʮ綼ȥ󰢸縮Ͽʦȥء
ҩˮʡʲôģ
÷æӹҵ룬ǰС㣬˵׼Ҫ뵽Ǹء
æѱһơ죬÷㣬ҴѣҪȥ
С㣬ôȥ÷һżʱ븣뵽ټҲٰ
һ֪ʲô㣬ٷϻֲ飡
÷ǰװҴʱѾ˲ˡ
ʱһڣæŴߣһѣйȥ󡣲̤š
÷㣬ǴӺųȥȥ׼÷ӦϽȥˡ
γͻȻͣæʵǵֱˣ
ǰͷǹȥ
ҵͷ÷÷㣬ȥ˭ҵǸʱ䣬ͬԷ˵˵ܲȹȥ
÷˳ڳϽȴ֪ڸϹȥǷü
ţˣȴ÷һ˼ȴǲӦʱѾûпȥˡֻǲĽʵ֡
ʱͣˡӣ˳
һȴһҲ֪ԺӣܵĻȫİһﲻֱ
ôʳ򣬲ŷ֣ݳȫʶ
รүܾˡԽңҽԺӡ
˭֪ҵݣΪʲôҾֵʡ
ȥ֪ˡȻƽܣҪߵĿ̫٣ҵӸֻӲͷƤԺӣԺľȻʰ࣬Կƽʱûס
Ҳظǰ֪˶ãһȫûзλʶ˵·ˣڵĿĵء
รߵš˵ȥˡ
֮֮ӦûΣգǲ֪˭
룬רĴ鷿һ鷿£࣬˶ദ࣬óõĴ࣬ƽʱ˴
ҸϺõĺľм侹ȻһδɵĻ߽һ˿Щ죬Ҫִ
Ƿú죿ͻȻſڴһͳɤ
һ̧ͷıգû뵽˾Ȼ
ȴ˿ҵľȣȲԣͬһ
̿ˮĸ磬ô
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ҵʻȻŵĻ󼸱ʡ
󲻰ð̫⣬ô£ΪʲôҵΪʲôҪǰ
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պãһۣ£ָָԱߵӡ
ұıŪ÷ﲻȴ޿κΡ
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ܵģô֪ǿһȻصӣʣµֻв
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û´ǳܲˡ
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ҺݺֵѪӣУŪҵֺ
һƬڳ£ҲһЦʱҲѾ̼Ҫˡ
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ͣ·ߣƾһֱֱ߾ٵѪ·ҫ۵ĹâԽԽҫۣâƺҪ֣ǺЦؿİ磬һĨЦҿֻŵףЦøӲã͵ΪҾҪɢʱһжʧˣҾˡ
űӣڰһҡ
ֹҴԭΡ㵽ʲôҾһϿºͿ־塣
Ҷʱִ쵰ôֹңôô֪֪ҵ˶ã㾹Ȼҵ룬쵰󻵵
ȫûҴ
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ʡ󻵵ǻ쵰ſңء
͵طſң⺰ˣȥ
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ǿ׳׳ңҴ󺰡طG㲻ˣſңץסңʲô
ˡ
žδ㱻˦һ
㻹һֻצҰèҪúù̡ܽ
˵ȥ

43

ֱұһ᷿ȻڴϻزһоȻϣһİ羹Ȼ˷ᣬ̫ˡ
Ȼòİ磬˵öԣʷ˰羭һۣʧȥ˶յƣİֻҪһ֣ͻ᳹ʧȥȨ󰢸ȴǴӴ˲÷̫ҲǹԲдѡ
֮˵еģʮ⣬ˡ
ǸӣȴǸķӣֻҸ˰ţһⳡսУɰȻɰע
˼֮ʣȴһϤ
С㡭÷عڵϣ֪ʲôʱġ
û俴һۣû
С㣬ūСи÷ڿ޵һͿ
Ϸÿѹô꣬Ҷûı
ʲôʱʼıյˣʡ
÷ĨĨᣬһΣ˵С󲻾á
ᷳıССĽУҸ
ǣ
ȥɣҲ뿴㣬ӴԺǰ
СūչɣȸӺˣôū澣Թġ÷Ȼڵϲߡ
Ҽסеһڣڵӣȷʵ޷һԺһ֮Уô˼ȴЩľˡ
ʮүôģұɵɨڵϵ
÷һū澻ȥүˣ˵Ϊ¹ʣΪ˶ĺӵ
ҲɵЦһøطGɡ
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طGҵʲôʱһ϶Ҫȵ󰢸磬̫ӣ˰鶼䶨ŻߣټҲ޲
ū̺ϴɡ÷С˵
ҴʱʹԼӣò÷ӡ
жʮΣ˶ʣȴһеҵ飬ԾûĿҲֻܷǵĹѪˡ
ҸС⺢ӻδѾܿˣ
÷̺вٸյݣ뵽ıѣô˸˵ʹҲδػı䣬ֻ뵽ݣҴͬãҺĲϣȴװҺԼޱ
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ʱطGڷϡȴԷֻڶ濴ҳԡѾ侲֪Ҳ֪ˣҲûл
ң淢ʲôˣͻȻҡ
һ￴ҳԷһؾļƻУһʲôʵġ
ơ
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Ҳ۶ûֻ̧רĳԵϵķĥԼӣһеġ
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˵꣬һɷף˫
ЦžʿСŮӲЦôĪǣΪԼҲ˵ģ
㡭ûҼ˿ʹ졣
İüˣ£
Ҽ»Ŷ飬Լλӡ
̫СˣǲǣΣա
ͷ΢Цıգҡڲ𣿡
ӶҰ죬һһԲҪȥ
ȵȡ
쿴ҡ
ҵĶҡ
룡֣ȻƢٱ
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ûŪ֮ǰûȥ
ôȰҵӻҰɣǸûκʡ
Ҫԣ㣡
һֱ֪Ժס˰֮ãİֻÿ֮ǰңҳ극ȥмʹҪӣͬأ֪ӹִһ˾ѸģһʱҲû𣬾õҲ߲ˣѵеӻȥοܾܲȥҲһ
µĵǴˣĸµˣС΢΢͹ΪĸĸоҲԽԽǿҡ
÷ȻǲȻľչң̬Ҳ֮һЩ־ϲԺʱع£÷ζԣҲȷʵûط𺦹ҵΪʲôɡ
ʱ䣬óֵ˽û΢Щʧ䣬˵˵ϰǷǳµĶҰسŷ
ȴҲʳһֱʵ⡰һֱ㣬ΪʲôҪôҶ㻹𣿡
÷ۿҡҡͷû˵
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Ȼҡͷ
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ѹŭѹɤ÷㣬ȳȥ
Ծλãȵؿڡ֪ŮΪʲôԲһУ
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һۣû죬ͻȻ˵Ըˡ
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ңҲ˸𣿡ͻȻʡ
ͣϵĶЦݽ
죬¶Цݡ
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ҶıӰ͵³һ䡰һˣҵȻҪˡ
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Ǹıֽһˡ
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ЦǷǷлĸĿøм
鲢û֪꣬ôսҵ˵
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ϣʮңҲͬ˽㡱

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ΪʲôҪġֱ
¶һ˿аЦ֪ģ𣿽Ҫҵ飬١
ĿǸħԵħ
ͻȻȦһҵͷһһӣֱҪժ
ñ𶯡档
סӣƺҪ飬ҧ´ȴ޷ٳѿ֮
ƾʲôƾʲôôš
Ƿӡ
ҷˣݺĨӣ۲Ϊ
ҧҧʡô
Цﾲʲô£
һ桱
ܡ
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㡱
ô׾˿ɲá

ңʮĵҡ
㡭޳ܣ
ǵڶΣҲϣһΣ֪
ܻת
ֻһǡһ˿ζ
ͣסӣҺԼΪʲôҪӰ죬ȥĿȥΣûûﰮʲô¡ΪʲôҪģΪʲôҪᡣ
̾Ϣ
ǸħתɿϴΪǷʮģһһͻʣ޴档
ˮϣҪ˻أȴһ̣§һְסҵĺԣǡ
Ҵ㶣ԲҷʱԵͷϮģأҪһеļǣƺҪ;еϢġҡ
޷ˣԶԶһǣ´Ҿһ󱿵
ھҲΪһǶɥʱƿңŭĿ졭
꣬ҪսҵģѾ㹻ˡұǺ촽ҡҡͷ
ǧ飬˭뵽ƽʱǾȻô춯ƺƽѹֵĶȫһ̫Ķˡ
һΣԺ󲻻лᣬúðա
ҵ׵߸δҸã

44

Һ÷㱻Ѿͷģе
е˼飬һļеɽֱ䲻ֻ룬ʪ䣬ҶµڼеϣΪʮۡ
úõһ˶ȴҪڴ˶ȹ£еóҿһСԺ󣬷ĸиţѾ˫򷢶
÷㣬ҡ
㲻Ҫȥ̫ʱ䡱
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ҶϽݣֻһΣһΣȴǲŶˡ
ټʲôľ
̤һһ۱㿴ʮ죬֪ЩʲôֻһıӣһᣬҴδȴ˷˪
ʼǽʳģʼȴҲǲпĵ
Ҳ᲻ͣ¡
ҵʾҼһĲſң˫۵ɵúܴ
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ΪξңȴǾ˰
ֻҵĳصĺ
ֳֻɵĻȴҲģ֪жûкˡ
Һͷ
㣬ϲؿҡ
ط顱Ҽһǰǰ¿
ҵûΰɣ㡣ҡ
һչҵ촽ģַʽĴڡ
§ҵңǣҵʮǣǶϧôܹ
ұۣˮǵգ촽ֱӣٵǵķ
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ʮģ˵ģλõģ۵ģɳ̲ϣȫ泩չ壬ܽӴ
ǺóǿԲúжãҴûһԸֹͣһֱĵϵȥ
ֱɫͨ죬ŷſ˴ˡ΢Žεĺ촽ؿƺؼֵֻһ
һɲǻ㱣۹ңⲻҵΡ
ΣһõΡұ˵һǻΡ
ḧҵͷ̾
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Բҿˣȴû취ԼĻ˼Уȴûкڡ֪һΣҲͬ
֪ðոţҲֻǶһѣط飬ôҶ֧㡱
Բ𣬹һƬ⡱
ֱ㻹ûмСɡ
š
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ϣҪһ飬źһ̾ϧҡ
źҲһط飬㣬Ҳڡᶨؿ
ȴްҺԼųûи㹻ҡ
ȥˣ㡣ңأŽĵײ㡱Ҹأָ½󣬹Ȼͳ½־
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ͬ˺ٵҵġ
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ʮ㶿һУغݺ˦һ⡣
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ˣҲҵġҵĴڡ
ΪʲôΪʲôʡ
ѾˣҪ˺Ͱҵڳݺݲ飬롱
Ҳֵãңط飬Ҳֵã֪ҽΪζҺħЭ飬ҡ

ͣ£÷㣬ʹת͵رס
ط飬Ұ㣬Ψһ㣬ԭ¡

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ҴǶӦʵˣǶҪô˽ˣòãң͵͵ذңֻ׼ַʽҡ
ͷؿңҿ÷㡣
ҪˣӦҵ£Ҫǵá
ϳ־ս
˵ҵҲ˺ˡ֡
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ûٿһۣҴСɽ

45

ڻظˣҵһӱ
̫򲻹ֵ꣬ҹᢰѷ϶ӿΪˡ
󰢸类ɹͺ¡ıڷ̫طiʹл
ŭȥطAĽ丮ڡ
˰ΪµһΪϣ֮ģ¿ԾţȥգΪɢҡ
ʮҲδˣΪȰ϶԰˰𷣣;Ű϶ҩϵЩڿϣ仯Ϊģȴ㱻˶ʮűͻظ
ʣڴҩϵʱ뵽ң
һ¹ʣۣ˽ܣ飬ַ˼Уɴ䣬İ粻õľʦ
ֻһУûʮһӶÿȷţ̫ҹᢰѷ϶ӿľֹΪ߱ʱһֶᷢ
ʮ߻ӵͻȻʣȻ⻹֮ءİ˵ʮ߻ʮóʧ
ⳡսۣͲܾ˵ľˣʮı̧̨İжԣҲǱⲻ˵ġ
Ҳ֮̾׽ŪҲ˼⡣
һ˷룬٣֮İ̵յøú졣
ңջ֮
̶࣬ȴѾ츲أһϤĴţȻֲ̤飬֪Ⱥɫźð죬ֱ÷ңҲҧҧš
ȥͬ˰Ż̤ҵԺӣֻĸо
һű㿴ʮſҴϣ˫۽գʾ÷ȥ
߽ϴ˯Ȼ˫üɵҪƽǰһֱ緢ܾ谮ڱݺ͸˰ɣҩϵˣ԰˰򸴺ԣ
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ۣʿһۣһֱ̣Ժ˵һʲôͻȻۣ͵Ҫ
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ʮһʮտ󳼣һΪ̫ӣԣУ˭޼֮
̫ԼԳӰˣΪԷ̫ӱֳĹļڸ֮⣬ף˭޼֮Ǹö֮ĻӶѣԶ֮ڡ
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รˣԲ赱ƣรһû˭İɣҳ֪⣬Ҳֻ֪Ϊİٹ̳ͣ棬Щ߸֮ƣİ統Ȼûиһ³
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һİӦùǺټһ飬ٷȥҪѪ
ĿײգһҪߣĸӲİȻŲ裬Ŵ⣬вζŨ
һʱҲãĽֵ͸ԼΪԼΪʲôҪģΪʲôҪ
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ңҲʰ飬ףŲ裬Ըоӿ
˵֮飬ʮĶ԰˰磬ʮİ磬ʲôء
ѵͽֻǻҿֹЩɡ
ҵȫˡ
ôĸһ
ֻżϵġ
ɨһۡĸ˼Ī⣬㻹Զ㡣ҿó㲻һ
Ÿ磬ˣǵĵáҷؿڡ
óﲻʺ㡱
ҿЦһǰҸó֣ʹʲôԵ𣿡
ʱҲϵһӣȻˣ˵һô
ڻʹйâͻᱻڳͿ˭ˡ
̫ˡ
̫ĿˣΪʰûע⵽Ǳ¹ѪƲżȻ
Ȼ
ˣȥѣɵң֪ͨҵġ
ҺͷĻ˸

46

һֱعӣ꣬Ȼû˿ϲõգǰһֱΪ̫ӵ飬ֺ壬ȺˣŪڹ֮䡣
ҵĶԽԽೡϯȥǰ̬ϲǹʱʮڱųʱӦҲڼԲɡһڲǡ
ʮĵˣϴһҲӦòٹǡҲ֪ûУӦòٺ˰ɡ˺ȷʵǼʹ顣
ʮ£ϲ컹δȴڴ˾ᣬȥƼ˰Ϊ̫ӵȺ˸
١άˣԣ롢١άطTΪطTΪ̫ӣɺޣڴ˲ʤطTˣĸϵ壬˷ͬƫߣطTΪ̫ӣ֪⣿طTӹ֪ʶȵˣڶ֮УԶ෽Ūˣ̫֮£ɶҲ
ȷʵЦϸ죬طT֮Ｐĸ֮ʵΪ֮֮ԣֶΪԶȶ촽һǣڰ׷Բ޶ֻۣΨһ
ȥ곯س԰˰һ򣬿̫ˣʱȻϣ㲻ʮĻλԼҲ൱ģȻ߸İ˰縴ӰĻλ
ǻʼҵĸ֮顣һӰ쵽棬ɲֶΡ
˵ˣڻʼңûдĸӣ볼
һн֯˴ʧУΨииŶѡ
˵ʣûףҲһ˿أ˵ƾسȴȻܾ˿̩˶ն̣佻ɰ˰нΪӣΪǹ̽
Եʱƻһжϣ˱طTǳ˽ģᵳ޹أһƬҴĳ൨ġ
ʮһʮ³һգ̫ʱܹܣãɼΪεģҲǺˡ
ĴҪо Ƿǳζģһӵһ棬˲ԭµĴҲѹòأڻӶƾУԼĻλһֱϣҪ˵ɾ͸ˡ
֮һǳϼ޻ˣôĻʵۣԻλµᣬһõĵá
ؽİʮĵ벻壬ҲһּıѣȴԽԽⲻ˼ˡ
ƶıģֻİ˵ˣԸӣְ
˵Ҫ⿵⣬ӽģ»ǷİĪ
ļˣطâͼν֮һ
һڿʮ³գһ̵ͣطi˳µΪ̫ӡ󣬿ӷӣططGطΪطӡʮطΪھطKʮطʮط_ŷΪӡδܷĳֻĻʳطAʮطʧʥĵطTˡ
ʱʮĺͿĹϵлͣǱϾǿڰǰóСҪɱʮİӰҲȷʵԶշʮΪû죬ٶּӷʮΪɽӡ
˵үүӱ濴ʧһˣصĳ̶ȿɾͲܱˡ
ʱҲҪˡʮıͶԱνΪ⣬ڸңлвգ³ʲô⣬ҵĶӽͨ˵Ķ󣬲˵Σʱѡ
ϸջʱȣĸʮĿǴﵽǰţԼҲǼٵģŴֻܿ˵ıʣԼƫԸӵĲรʷΣһ㶼֪Ǹո֪ĻһգЦ
Ҳ⼸裬ǷѾͷôôУǺ޲ҪĺãϾǰ磬СǺܴġ
ԱӸҲŹϾǵһ̥¹˲ѵƷնС
˵һһŪ˷ǳ֮ţҲЩȻϾڿʼһֱʮһĶϻʱ䣬굹ǿԹЩӡ
ڷ￴飬÷ֶƷһǸζܲˣæ˱ӡ죬˳ȥ
㲻һʱûɲа˵ӹ󣬵ʱ²ôףڻǲá
Ҫž¡
ʮļæסǰ桰طҲҪԣߡ
ʮСӹ룬ϣҡԸôһҲģɲˣӵʱȵ
Ұڰ֡㣬ƽҺôĲƷӲôҪ㡱
ʮЦԷǣС§ҡ˵ģҵһƬȫ㵱¿ηˡ
ŪҶýš
һ㶡һȥİһţַɻɶʱˣҲڡ
ѽɥӡ
ˣԣˣ쵱ˣôԡսס졣
ȣүҿɻû̺˭ءҡ
εĶ˹룬龰ÿնϼ飬÷͵ЦСӣ첻ʰ
ҲȥҲĺӣô֡Ҳ
ʮĶ䲻ģȴû
ܼǷǷ飬Ӳ㣬ʮĵǳȥҲܵ㡣
Լôִһһ޵Ĺˣɷ˻ƣֻǼŮͬסһܣһˣԸռһñζǲܣͬŮˣȻʮȢǽţзΡȻԸȴҲô˽
ǲЩģѹǺòˣѾͷôôһѣҲͼˣȴƫҸ㰲ţⲻ˵Ļʲô
ʮһ˵Ժӵ壬ܲסԹʵܲˣԺôôѾͷܣͷԷ裬˶Ȼ鷳¶࣬ʡ֮١
ΪǷݳ棬ԼۣȴǲֵһݳӸ˶ѡ
ţһһʹӿ
üطҿҪˡڻ侲ֻϴμӵĳ棬Ųҡ
ʮæк죬ȥţ
˱ˣֻҪƼݹȥˣʹԽԽƵðϸϸĺʮıȥ
ѾææµæˣĲо飬ڸҲסЩˣڴϣסʹԼɲңҲסԼһһ£Ҫ˷ִ磬Ҫ
ҲôùѲɣ˵ӹƽҿûٶġʹŬʹԼ˼Ҫڶϡ
Ӳ治˸ɵģʹȥһûкץԱ׼İоˮѾʪ͸
ʮĲͣȥʱʱðһ䡰ôòã
ǲ˽ƴʱͳˡ
̲סлʹҪ˺һʹİģȴҲҪġ
ŲסæֻǲͣҪסģںӻûӰء
һлʮĿɾͳŲסˣüҪ̲סҪǸˣʹ˵
˼άȫҡطʹҲҪˣ
Ҫס涼ڸʲô취𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҫһ½һµģǶѣѾңоȫҪʧȫѾȫʪ͸ÿʹһ£ҵĸ׹һ֣Ҫҵһ
˶ʱѾʶˡֱšҲҪˡ
Ժ䣬ʲô˵űʲôģѾ޷ᡣ
ڲź
ۣ̥һ˰ɡ
ֻѾûˣȫһ
ȫʪˣǾԲǺֻģźˮˣ죬Ҫ
ȴҲˡ
ҵңԶҵʶʧ
аΣաû
ʲô
ͻȻ˳˽˼Уһ֣һˡ
ץסҵ֣ͣҵ֪ʹȴо
Ҫס˯ûУ˯ʮҶߺ
ҪүȥӾҲǻ˰ˮһˡżȵغ
ʲôӡҷۡ
ԣҵʶ
ʮĽסҵֻ֣ûĿĵĽץסֱҵָ˿ֻǲͣ۱˵
סߣһҪƽ
˵ôˣȥ
ҵҡͷﾡǺ
Ҳȥģһֱ㡣ǧ¡
ֿʼʹˣʹҲͣؽк
ʱȫãֻƾıܣһһʹϵ
ڲŵһ£þһһգ֪ˡ
һޡ΢΢˶촽
ϲүǸ硱˷ܵһӵѾͷôôڹڵصϲ
ɫҰף˹һ̯ڴϡʮûнӹ磬ֻǼĿҡ̫ˣڳŹˡ
ӡһǣҸоʪԭҲء˵ж᲻ᵯѾǰˡ
С籧
æݵǰСǿ׳ˣ㿴ġ
΢ЦĿǰצСһǣʮ»̥ĺӰ
ʮ˷ܵıС硣ססϧûȻѵһ٣˵ӵġ
Ӹ꣬ѾȥﱨˡϴǸˣϾʮĵĵһӣ⺢ķʱһһ̫Ӻ󣬻ʹþöûϲˣɸ谵Ļʹһ˿⡣
գ͸С֡봺Ǵģִϣϣ
Ҳϲ
һõ˵ĳ谮ҲΪˣʮֲ֧ձŴһµأֻڴš
˵ǣƽĲڿû׳ԣ˵ҲʱãǺܽģձװ֡ʮϲ
˺üΣҪϧ̫Сȼˡ
ʹУҵķҪڲˣҲŪΪ֣һʱǷǳг

47

һգϾһ飬µģ֣ҼǵûβŶԡ
ŷ÷ҵ˵үġ
һ㵵
ү˵ʱѣϵķ飬ūڸʱϣԱƽ
طG겻ɢϴھ¥һҲаʱˣںֻԶԶδ棬˹ģ÷ؾ棬ҵ֪һ
Խ÷á
ժ𣿡ȼ֮ʡ
÷ҡҡͷүδ˵
δ˵ѰȫˣȥҲҪˣ⣬һǵ˵ллժ·ݸ
÷ҡҡͷū澲ңлᣬԼүɡ
ҵͷ
÷㣬ҵѾͷڲӪںĿŵǰɻᵽΪӸθ롱
ˡūҲѣҪﲻ̹봦ū澣κԹԡ
÷һҲһ㶣æ¡
̾ǳ׼϶ҲҴǲǣ
Ҹ̧ͷ
㲻ҵҽղأԼҲ˵Լ

˵Ҹôأ
Ұü룬۾ת˼Ȧ÷㲻סڵϷȫ֪δʲô
ѽһ֡˵Ұ
ϵ÷һ
ֵͷգۡѽǴʹˣǣ
¼磬˿
ʳָ桰Ǹôأ
ĹҰɣҪūʲôū澶Ը⡱
á
Ҵ⣬ɱطGȥˣȻѾעˣʮǳ˼ȶ⣬ˣֺαв
ҳķͰӣ÷㾪ȵؿҡ
ȥӣһѳɶ֣ҪôܷȥҲ棬ֻ˳ʶΪӴˣصȥǰ£һŲ׷ˡ
ɰ
ü
Ϊβɣղ뿪ֻˣһҲô
ū澣ū澴ûҪ˺Ҫū澡
÷ˮſڵϡ
ұˣ÷һߣһŶʱը
뵽յصԺ䣬һǣľԤУԲưոݵġ
ҲҪҵ֪ĲС
÷㣬Ϊǵʼվľ̺ҵķϣҲľʲôݣʲôݣҪеݣͰⷬתҲЩӶѣҲΪ谭ġ
÷ƺе㱻򶯣ìܡ
ƣİڰ֡ȥɡ
÷ˡ

48

÷㣬ȷʵ಻㣬һʱҲҲʵڶҵѾͷҲѡˣʲôӣʮĶҸ÷ʮֲ⣬Ժ˱٣˴Եֲ㡣
ֻ̾ʮĴӸ˹֣ԼȴʱҪѾͷˣǰ֮Ǻ£Ҳھеʱ̺ûй̶Ķ
պʹһҲô򷢣ƺһҲʵġ
˸Ů̺ɣģԺ˵ӿɲùֻ̾̾
ʱʱʮĹȥߣϾʮߵӱҾЩԽԽᣬŮ˵Ĳס
Ҳȥͬ߶߶ŮҼϲ棬ֻԸ̫ģҶŮǶ˷ϧˡ
ʱ£Ҳ÷㣬ǴߺҲûл˵ǼٵģϾô꣬ʵһû˵ģǼ⣬û˺ʲôֻİڣʼŸңҲֻϣܱŸȥ
ܹź
˴ұ㲻ܴڸˣԶĲ˵ǵʱҽԵûкӵҪЩʮӴ֣ǲעЩҲǶôΰˣΪЩʮìҲǲֵҲ˶á
Ϊ̫˽ˣڵ˷ϧ
յ˻ҽҺﱧ˴š
Ѿѽѽ˵䣬Һܿģһ쳤кο
17꣬Ҫͣ˴󣬸ӵǳЩҲȥЩɬɣ࣬ұòԽԽԶˣʱžеԼİٹ֪꣬ʲôˡ
ҰѺﱧţ
ˣüЦɡĵϱʮϱҲҪϳ԰гϷʱһȥ˵ϷǴӽĽǶ
л
⺢Ӿ̫壬Ҳţ˴󰢸ѵóߡ
˵ǣֻһʱҲĲϱ⡱΢΢һЦ
˵ЩˣѴҿ
ҰѴȥ͵һֵС֣ץʲôҧɷǿɰõϲ£죬ҲûİʮĺӣֻǵԵþˣ׻Ƕʮĵĺ׽ЩİǻǰʹҲûԭ򰡡˵ᣬȣ׻Ǳ˺ˡ
ʮıİ磬ȻϲЩԵˣΣĸģֱĽҲԵڵǰҲرЩ
˵ڵ йоأ֣ȴҲᣬ˴ǲһ㡣
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ټƽˣҲ˷̹ȻûǼ¡ˣЩѺȴҲ޲˵ġ
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ϱŴһ߶һ߿Ц
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ǰ߶߶ã沼۾ۣҲˣҲóʶʶԲԣ
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ʮϱǰοҲڼһʱ䣬ҿӣҲʮϱ£ˣʮ¶Ҳ˵ˣŮ˼ӻҪЦ
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ͻȴ˵ûٶģܹ鸮С£ҲһץûйҲп๦ϧʮľһС´ֵˣңվæųϵ¡ҲУҪϵõЩϸǲס
˵ҲЩϲ֮ˣ˱˱ĸҲǳеģɱϾϵ»ˣʮƫƫǲģܲίˣҲʮΪѡ
ǵʮΣȴܲģڽ˵⹬ϵ۸ӣң÷ԴŮ˼սһ㶼˵ƽ٣Ҫʮĵĳ谮һԼܿഩСЬżٲ˵ġ
ʮô⣬ڵϺǰҲǲٶ˵ʲôɫͲôÿˣҲ˵ţҺһ·ҲޣңЩ棬ЩԣӣҲֻҴڲڡ
ҽźҲûٽŵģܾˣԼҲٶ๼һ˰ɡҪǻִ϶һһ޵ĵ䷶ˣ÷ˣ򸴺
ңҵ֡ĸﲻˣʮĵ㣬ʲô벻ġ
ұҲû벻벻ֻʮˡ
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İȴ߽ңһ񱻶һûκλӦ
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ҲذѴݸȴǿܣ֪ʲôˣǲұֳʲôɵ߽ң¶Ĳ;ȴŨңϧ˽ԿֻС
÷ߺûҲ֪ķӦڣһָоǸӿģȻûҪŹҡ
еζŨջ컶ЦĴֻǹµµתۣؿűˣ˫ֲͣץǰ·
ҳ˿Сؿı飬ʵںһͰѴ˵ǲܵģôˣȴԸоϵϢ
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ͰڻʼҵľۻϣǷϯһԵĸรס۵Ϸãﲻą̃ϳϷ̨Ҳò֣ʱʱҲᱻһԿԣУһӦȥʶˣҲף㲻׷
ҲһรѣʮڻУϾᣬû϶࿴أϣ尢ĸŰĸ͸շӸǣԵַǷҲֵ徲ڻʹƽعԼǲŽҸ
Ұؿſֻ̨ײײңȻ񣬸һЦһԭʮ߿̽ͷ̽ԵģòЦ쳯Цһ£ЦĻͷϷˡ
ߵĶҲǵöϯϵĻӲĿӵİĿ⣬һһ𣬸ϽתͷֱУ겻ɢ
ͻȻĿ⿴ңΪʮģתͷһȴʮ磬Ѿʮ˰ɣƺþûмˣүܣ˵ҲδˣٽڹҲ߶˵ҲЩ꣬ǸȥݷðݷõģҵӡʼջͣǸɰС棬зи棬ҿĵسһЦ΢΢ͷ
䲻СˣȴȻԵЩɬٹһҲǸó׵ʱˣػδ£һĴߺһЩԭµͷ˵˭˵ءҲȢ޻Щɡ
Ȼǵҵһγʹʱסҵ֣ߣ˵ߵҪһڰǰֱҪȢҵոʱĺ׳ԵܿɹȴҲ뵽Ҽʮĸʱϣתܿʱġźడ
ǿڶУѧʶһλѧͨɣںЭ̣ٵΪѧԽʵʱͿɼһ˰ɡϣڸϲҪִˡ
ҿ¾޼ͥ˻ڶģִѧ˵¾һ飬ÿƺһ˵ĳ̫֡˳εۣҲˡ
ԺʺĻ֮飬ڶԻ̫ӵ̬ϣ֤ˡ
һҾð˰Ҳǳˣ˶˵ϣ̫ţ̼ð˰ģҿȻ˰ʧȥյȨҲһֱδȢһҲֻһӶѡҲ˵˱˵֮Ļ
ڣΪ¶ÿأ˵ѵһܱҪ˵ڰ˰粢δǻϣĸԣһȵĻʺء
ϷҶδţֻרЩߵ¡ʱ䵹Ҳ÷ɿ졣
ʮҲδרϷʱʱߣͷΣһ̧ͷӦ㲻ˣҿεҹһʱҲزȥҪ»ӦϵĻĻΪѣ
˵ˣȴľڳУϷҲûһһ˼ֳϣҲ㿵һˣͬãڵ˽뷨ѡ
鵹ࡣ
ҵĲȻûдһסѾˣǾûʲô˼İʮĻԺ󣬵ҲûʲôͬϤ˵˵ӵҲ÷ɿ죬дڣҲЦ棬ǲΪҡ
ֻʮɫԽѿҿҲͿ̲סҪҪһȥˡ
ǳ׺󣬳˱İһξδ⣬һģǴκôҲΪϵ黨ٵ˼ʱ䣬¸о̫񣬷ƽ˾Ӱˣһ룬òˡ
˵оǿңȴҲϣܿȥ˴󣬶ʮҲǶ˷ݸ飬ܹҲŮˣźӣз۰Ͱοġ
֪Ӳ룬Ҳֳֻܱǵѣרһ߿˵ʣרһӵĵ䷶ڻʹȴǴɡ֪ܲ
úôҲ˸ŮҲһְѳ֣ʮᲽ˰󳾣ٱһ֣ޡ
ȷҲ˺ҪʮĵƢȴǲɿڣŷʮĺҸǲֿܷģʱģһջȥһ˶ȹ
ӺУҲƽתתһصʱտҪӽβˣʮʱҲ⣬Ϊʱ߶һ٣ǲҲˡ
УȴʮɶרˣмżҲȥΡҪʱ䶼ֲһҷ
רĵչŴ¶Լ÷ߺ󣬱ϰˡֻ̫ԼһЩ㡣ӺܺãǿҺϲ峯ز۵ĻӲ٣ʼҶˣѰռǸˡ
ʱڵģ̫ʱҽڣ㲻˷Щġ
ֻǱϾףҲù꣬ȶ
ʮĶҵİǲΪϣ˯߲ʱʱִͬΣȴΪ£˿ò˭ҶġҪҲžİһ㡣
ŵģƺҲûмˡ
ڹüμİ磬ʳ÷㻹ȴʼջǲҡŭ
˱Ͼģʶĵһ˱Щͬġ
һʮСܶء

49

ʮβʱİȢһรť»ϣŸҲǬ¡ʱĴѾÿյظ£ʱгǵҺϲ
ϴδӹϵľۻұҲʱȥϾǸ磬ܸҴڸҲǲеģܵöȥʶʶӦҪĻʱ˫ԲĴ۾ĴĴһҲͺ£˵ģȻõͻϵϲԽ󷴶Խϲˡ
ʱʱҽ֪뿴ϾҲͣڹλԽվԽȣҲǾأǲͬʱǰ࣬ҲתСһ
ϧǣİĹϵδ˶κλ⡣
İϲŭʼǲġⷽʵ˰Ƿǳ֮ģŸǲģ֮ģ˵İʼյòҪ˵ͬȻһȱʵꡣ
ճ趨ʡӲ飬ԵҲȷǴľҲǷǳõλĸ׵İ᲻ԲƺƺܼǿмһˣʵǷǳˡᣬҲѲĴ
ϣΪ̫ӵڣҲԵð̫࣬Ӿһۣ˵ոȴʼҲǿһĲ˵ıһʱҪĻǲף̫ҪలݼҲ£Ű˵ĶԣҲðʯͷԼĽţԼңߵǰıʿҲ̫ȫҲϵԼԺʺһ֮飬ʼǱġ
˿ܸǿģİ̤ʵÿ¶ȥ죬ʮǶЭˣڳüڳ̫ӷƮҡԵøѵáҲΪ̫պλôҲҪͬھ·ʡ
İ˵ģһʣʮʼղףʮΪض
ԶԶһϧźͻֵ֮顣
գһȺİĸۣʵ÷ߺôҲ࣬ҲûκεĹ٣ҲΪ˶ϣϾڸǵĺǺǿģҪȦ»ٲҪ׽
ҲһɣʱŴԼҸ棬Ļƺúôһݸң߶߶ԵȻȤЩ
һ룬ǺԽ׽ԭҲǺദģӲ֣ҲʱЩҲǶ˷ݶչˣĸۻᣬԵҲԽӦˡ
֮ҲڻʹĽҲȻּġ˵İ縮ﺢҲ٣ڳˣӴǲҵҲսڴΨһĶˡ
Ӹͺͷһ̥ʮأӦҲɱҵͷϣڸҲǰңڣһ˵ӡ
ܹҲһӣҪ໥Ӧš
һһǺþûܹǰˡ
һ붬µıǴĸðֻֿʢˣϴʮֻãܲϰݴţöˣݣżһҲŵľ
ԼҲʮԼһٲҪӰ쵽ģ׿û׼
ŵϽʵסʮֲģԴȥһʼһӣƾӵ˳԰סȨҲ֮Ƶ԰һµģ⳩԰İĸǷǳ֮ģ˵ǴˣȴǲҲһְʾء
ʱЩСϸȥ²⣬ȥ룬Ϊİ統˻ʵۣʱҲΪԼΪеЦ
һӵĳΪ˸վۻĺóһ죬԰ϷҹǣԽڿϷ
İĸۣȲʱˣһͬ빬ϷֹЩʼҵϱ
ƽæµĳسһҲǿ£ʱʱԸ屻빬һʱò֡
͸ġ
˵Ѵ󰢸ﱧȥͺˣģɱ߻尢ĸһ߿Źһ˵
ɲûƼôŵģķԸˡ
ⲻ˵ǸԾģ˼ҿǳÿμˣҲһĺãӲϷĸˣ㵹ãĲɵġ
ԾĴ ⼸տûҲǲֻ֪ϷȱǷȤ۹⣬ú뻵ҲǸǴˣĥʱѡ
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ɩɩˣʵڲҪ˸λˣȷҶϷǷݼأⲻѧϰôȥأɩɩڣҰֻרƺϷˡ
һЦ⵹ʡˡ
æ˵ɲɩɩǵ۹ǲģҲƻЩˡ
ЦŰڰ֡ȥգӣ⣬Ҳǲˡ
һ˵û˵ģֿĵǸϷȥˡҳЦЦ
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⺢Ҳ ֪ԼĻʲô޵ء
ʱǸж
ּ䣬ͻȻ˸С̫࣬ߵǰ
λմ⴫Ϣ˶㡹ѲˣϷǲˣ˵һ
һۣһ٣ɲʱϸĵ۰Ȼľˡ
һʱ丣û˵˶ˣȰµһﲻŤӣѽѽģҾǰ˱ϧۻᣬ㡭¸һ࣬Цòʱƺǰһһˣûˡ
ǻҹǧ谮һƫƫȴҪ޵ֻĵطʱס˵ĮãţȺƨһʹĵ
ڿ޳ûմһһԱߵ￴ȥһﱧȥסţȴûһһЦǸܵҵıˣ۴ס֣Ҫ俴ȴ˿ûж
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߽ңסҵ֣סο֪ͬãǧҪڰܸ˵ԼȦһ죬ҲĨĨᡣ
Ҳ߹ϾҲɩɩʹģʮţС׺񡭡֪θ밡
Ŀû˿޹ȴ޵ķңһʱʧǣƲȥ
治סУһұѾԶˡ
ٶཻ䣬ٶöɼõĴȥҡϧûҴʱ͸ԼˣǾΪڼ򵥵Ȼ˶ҷȻܽܰգ벻ͨΪһСȴҲҪһȥʲôϲÿԣ
֪˶ԶںƮͣǷ߿ͱʹҵڶ𣬿ϧʻ
ŽͷĻֵ̌ͷ죬Ϲˣ߷Ĩȥᣬȴ֪ԼҪʲôܹʲô
ںӱߣĺˮƽĺ棬ʶץԱߵСʯͷ⺮Լܱ˵֣һ½һµš
߲һˮ沨ƹˮĽһ½һ¸ţƾʲôƾʲô޶ԣ԰أǧ겻䣿ƾʲô
ǸĲ⻵ϰ𣿡ͳ
ûͣʲô
еϴһð
̫ܵˡ
ʲôⲻԤϵ𣿡
Ҷ˶֣Ȼϵץµʯͷһ
ԤϣԸʲôҪһӳɵҲãǲ֮ˣĴ㣬ȴӦ顱
Ϊ㲻룬Ͳᷢˣ
Ҳģ֪֪ҷһʯͷˮҵϣѷֲˮᡣ
ģߣʹȴȻ
̾Ϣһ߽ңץסľ
ǲ룬ıʲôҶ˵ˣܿ¶Σ
ҵͷᣬסѣȴɱ˵С
ãĴһҾĺʹ
һȴǾÿЦʹƾʲôʹֵ֮˼ɵȻΪҸеʹǿЦҲŵ̧ͷȻδɣ֪ǾԲǸж
˰죬ŵĸ磬Ҫݡ
Ȼҵ֣ת
㣬ûںң𣿲ô
Ҫκ¡ջӵһУǾԲҡ
ҸӦٺվһԽȴڲԶ飬Ŀǣ
ݵվںУһδ
֪÷𣿡ͻȻڱ
ͣˡ
ҵˡ
Ϊһš
ţһ԰㡱
԰
ϴμĵط
͵תҲȥģ
ȴ侲һЦȨ㣬һںŵ㡱
ս˫ȭƾʲô㵽ƾʲô
ҵľٶÿɷ߽ңˣ˵Ҳͬ˽㡱
Ҵʱֻ޺˺ŵ쵰
ססҵ֡Ҫ޴ľٶҶ㲻жġ
˫
ỮҵЦҵ㡱
ħ
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ûжʱ䣿ʲô˼ûɵĺܻҡ
㵽ڴʲô⣿
ȴشң֣һȥ
쵰

50

ʧǻصǽߣȻ澹ǰôᣬʵؾҼҵĵطҵɷҵĶӣҲǡҵһУɽ˸
ãŻ̤ųصĽŲţҵԺӣһ·Ѿͷôôҵŵ˻ꡣ
ǵǸʲôԵģȥﶼһ֪Ŀ޲Ѵʮġ
ūүŭﲻסڵġ
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ҽ͸ǣҪǳʲô£ͨͨȫϳȥʡÿķ˵æҵĻ崺ȫ֪ôϵĵŽţ۴ޡ
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ƽʱڳ԰ϷһܶôʣôҲ޹ҵ£ֻǾ
һĲſʮģڿޣ޵úףô޲ֱԣ˺òۣҵĴ
ҵỬ£Ų̤ȥ
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ĨĨᣬһƣ˻ӻ֡Ƕȥɡ
ܵ˲ɣǰʮĺ⵱ҵӸĶء
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ҲĶ֣Զ֪һڴʲôҪôһأ˵׼ƻʲôΪʲôҲȥ
ֲֻõԤУһС
趯˫֣ڳݲ⼸֡ҲŵĿ
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СӿɥһүҲͨһûüء
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ǸоʱʱԺ˻һеҲ

51

รҪҪſ
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ٶǧҲֻһ̾Ϣ
һ𣬿Ļ棬Ǹиţһʱ֮˷ǵº˶̫ࡣ
ŰҲˣûȴ䣬ҰѲƣȴȣ̽̽ĶͷҲ֣ͬһĪǸȾˣô죬Ҽת
䣬Һ䡭۲ͣỽţ촽࣬ǧ£߽סкǺ£һ÷ѾΪû뵽ѵҲȥ
ҲıҪ㲻Ҫ£ҲסҡڼӲȴ§һҲˣתͷҲȡůţһҹۣҲܿҽ硣
ͻȻ֮ҹܳٴ̧ͷ죬ȻǺġ
̽̽ĶͷȻ֣ʶѾˣȴΪĿۣĴΪҲıʷأҪںҹȥΪҶȥʲô
ȻһֱϲȴһԼҲΪδ ʲôȻ֣ϴᡣ
ͻȻһ˯ʱˣô᣿ҾĴ־ɲʱ
ϵּ֣һ֦ƶŲҲϵſˮʲôˣҪΪȴûоǣҲûɱǡ
𣿡ߣŵú˼ڵء
Ҷʱɫɷס
İ߽ѣȴǲˡȻĿŻ
۾ȴǿԵľŰ硣һæھŰǰ㵽Ͼɱ𣿡
һ㶣ȴһЦǲҵ˼
Ϊʲôҽ䱸ض
ɫһҺһҶ£ǰͷ
ҲĿ
Ҫ
ҾԲߵģֹ
Ҫͬ˵أɻҺ;Űһ
Ҹ֮£Ź
ҡҡͷһֱΪģɴæʼѾˡ
ʹĻžŰ磬Լǧٱ飬˭մҶûýҺ
ҪҸȥܵܵĲรǲɸıʵŴҲþŰһ
ȴȻΪ̫˽ңΪһȥ԰Ѿʶһˡ
㵽ô֪ߵıʿƺͬڵΪ̫嶯ˡ
һⲻùĵ£Ҳͬ˷ʱ䣬ٻһߣҾʹȥƣҲǶȲ
вң
ҪûãȻ˵š
վȥ֪֪ԼʲôһĵܵܣһĵáߵָָŰ硰ҼﻹҵɷͶӣҲ뿪ǣ
ץסҵ֣侲Щ㶼Уߣǲߣ
ˣҺ
ûҲ뿪ôС㣬ôġҿŵڵء
ͷһۣת뿪
ץסȣ޵㣬ȾҲ
ΪȴȻѾѡˡ
͵سȣͷҲصĿ첽ȥҵһľŰҰһҲ뺰Ǵʮĵȴϸǰұסͷô죬ô죬Ҹô
ҿҪˣҪƷˣϨ𣬺ҹͿ־һңŰ磬ٿڵǰѵҪͶڰ
ҿĺӣԭ¶û취һγû취ŰǰȥһӶİ
ս˫ȭվãҸߣ
ܻظҵֻһƬžֻкĺ硣
Ҹ߰
ҲϺţţŵؼ䣬ƺֻһˡ
ҪҪҡҡͷһƨɵڵϣ˫ֳŵأᣬﲻסૡҪߣҪߡ
֪˶ãҸе׾ʱΪȥʱȴ֡
߸վţŸһе۹⿴ңδֱֱİңľȻĿҵ֣ԥƬ̣ҧҧȴȻ̧Լ֣Ҫ
̧ۣ۹⿴ϣܸı⡣Ȼ֪Ϊ㣬Ҳʰ
̫ˡ˵ʵƺҲЩ͡
ľȻĿҺ֪ʲôġ
βôҲٻˡ˵žҪ֣ҲҪץסȴʹԼ㵹ڵأŪֱۡ
Ǳ̧ͷ
ظҵȴֻһЦ
ʹǧٱ顣
̾̾Ҵӱĵϱսҵġ
ҪҪߡҾĻͷȴǾŰڻУૣ˫ü塣
ҧҧѾӦˣ
ұҪˣ𣿡İͻ˵
ߵ˫۵
ɨһۣǰ˻֣ʱһģܽǰ
Ը߽Ű磬
ˣǸˡ
ջĿ⣬ץס½󡰲Ҫȥط
߽ոѪսĵطʬ壬ָ߾Ȼ飬ȴȣѾֲǷֱˣֱֱ÷ߣľȻ̽ľѾûˡ
ۣһԸûа쵽߹İµŮӾǰɡ
ҺޣҺ͸һУҺҵĲҺп
Ҳԣ÷㡣ϸĶҪѪˣһΪеŮӣǰӦʲô顣
ʧһƽϲŭ֣
ƽƽ֣ḧ÷СƽĿңûз
ĺӡҵ
üţҽסҪص֡
ûкӣҼĵ˵
Ȼûйֹ㣬Ϊѡ
סҡô
ҪΪ
дһеء
ƽĿ÷֮Ĺط
Ȼһ㶣ȴȻʧЦ󲻵ð𣿡
ɻؿ
һûĺҲȻҵģڶдֻ»о֮˵ڷصĹ뿴𣿡
ҵͷȷˡǺȴģôܹʳΪ÷㵱ң
ˣһúðҡʱˣ߰ɡ
ȥģãȻʵ
ȴЦЦ
΢΢һҹȴһת۵㡣

 52 

һҹıʮƣ룬һ·ϵĿҺۣȥ·֪ĵطƤأǻ˯˹ȥ
Ȼѹȴͷ󺹣һ˯ʮֲȣĨźȴİĴϣæĴȴһͥԺ䣬ȴðʮ£ȻŮˡ
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Ȼ֪ȻѾ˼ҵǲߵǾ͸δ֪ΣգֻҸӲСߵűߣһ߿һߵĽſ棬Ȼһ߼ž
Ҿؿ̤ȥֻһƬ̵֣ȴڴĽֵʿˮȻ˵һгһƧһɫʯĸСɿɰʯʣѵﲻǰţǸµĺԺ֣һƬ磬ˮ峺ĴԼɼˮе
߲ȥġûƬþɫֻؼңҲ֪Լ׻˯˶ãʮĺʹ֪ҲˣŰûкãôط׼ƻʲô
Ҳ߻Ժӣ̤ű㱻һİһȺѾͷվԺԵôҴ͵վԭأ֪Ҫʲô
ţԺˣǵӣһеʳӣǶú̺ţκβСǵԴ۾ңȴѾͷԸ
ǣүһȺ
侲ɫš
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ƲԺеʣĶ̫ɻҪŪ
㵽ʲôʵʱǧܻңԼ
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ҷϵ֣쵽½סԼԼ򶨣򶨣ܵģôô
ңбĿ
Цݿܡϲġ
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ľҵصһҲ˵ˣôᣬͻȻͷԼȻеĶˣҲԼ֣Լָһûˡ
ΪʲôҪôҲ侲
֪ĿбӵĶҡ
֪ʲôǰʲôϲûʹҵ̫˽ˣΪԼһ֮˽ϧ˺ôˣУû£ܣ֪֪ʹνİָ
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Ȼ嶯ЩçײЩ֮İİҲΨһܾҵ죬ҵĵˡ
İҲǴģûвκʣֻһĵ밮ңҪңĵĺǻң
ܸܰҵһУֲ˵ܴһɺһƬء
ף䲻ҵȴ϶չޣ˴ǸĽᾧѾˣҵǣ㲻ȱݡ
ˣڵʱвʣҲڣҵķǻԼĺӣһжǶôãңûϧס壬૵
Ҷ㣬ûа飬ңҲδؾǰֻǲʣһֱֻ㲻ʣҳϣΪĲʣ㣬㣬ǣⲻǰ
Ҷôϣܴϣһвĳ嶯ǲӦӣҹƼҲΪˣҲʮ֪ҲڣıʹҲͬܲұ뾡ȥһ˶֣Ҫؾ͸ˡ
ҿĿֻҪĻش𣬸ңԭһжᡣ
߽ңһƬ򶨣ⲻǺõͷ
ߣԴңʹĴң˵ģңһжԤϵģûУ˵˵ףȴȻ޶ԣֻǾ߽ҡ
ҾֵĶϣ˺µĻ
Ѿˣҳϧḧҵͷһ
ҵһѾþˣ˵ʲôıҵ⣬ҪһУҶ㣬ҪסѾҵӣֻңǵļҡ
ǲܵģѾΪޣΪĸټ޸κˣ㡱ҵĿĿˣǡ
뽫һֱ˼СԺݲؽʱңһֻ˿ȸռҲŵһ߿һҡͷ
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ܶãʼղҵݣҲҪݡ
ı뷨ġ
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ҳ˻λ⣬õĶһһЦһһһҵҪ÷裬ԴӴĳÿӣ֪ٵȥԶûлᡣûгҲͬʵʩҵļƻ
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Խôһкأ쵽ΪֹҪϢǽһʽҵļ磬ʾ뷿
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˵һ㶼УҪظһġҵĻԸٶ£ǰѾ㹻໰ˡ
ãվԺУȻˣ¼ŵԺ䣬Ҷٰѵľǻǣӡ
ƫִͷһУƫƫȴǸ侲ƫִκζֻһ벶ΪеҲжమңһжԴʲƽģ
ЩǣЩڸԣЩƮʧС
ʮңƫǣʵǷݴĸУƷǷζ
ЩڸԣζҪõҪһСʮģʵֵܹﻹЩƵģʮķһлڵºķΧڣ
ҲЩƮ߲ȦŰ¾˰ɣǺ͸Уûܿ˭ҲûռϷ磬ʹֻԼ
ȴܼԦƫ֪ԼҪʲôһҪõʲôͬǸԺǵľȴڷд侲Ŀ£мŻһеķ
ΪõұǰֻǲطӵеģȴûУǿҵռƻԶܵͬڰ
ǸԼĲΪеҪһĽڡ
һȷʵû壬ǣأҲκһˣܣȴÿˣ֪ԼǾͬԼһʮƽСŮˣȴȥžһУҲŻŪ˵ز֪֪ͿڴʱѾֲ˴ˡ
ѵһͿµ㲻ܺͿ֪һƫӲ벻ȥĥС
ͬĸһǲǸҸ֪Ľ֣Լǲҡ㲻Ķ͡
˵Ԥ֪ɲ⼪ףɶδ֪Ų⼪׵˵ֵȶƾõʷò˥ƫ֪δһУ֪ˣ༪ƾ˶ˡ
Եɺϵ֪һУңײǼ
յһУ֤
»һΣһ᲻᲻һУֻܹԼֻԼ˼룿ʵǷ񶨵ġʮ֪¶̫ҹγӿײǼȴȻڶᶨĿڣһΣΣΣͬ
ѡ⡣ˣע˸ɵѡ
۵÷ŰˣԼıһŽⲻ
ȻӿȴΧסұĪİʱİ壬İݿʼעҵѣ޷˰֪۳Ҵ壬ˣƯϽǴ衣ǲңȴҲΡ
ң类Լ˵ϣҵأҵػֻһܣһʮģһôݲ
һƽССŮˣȻŴ̨ҲղҵĹޡȻҲ裬ԼϷ룬ҲĻǰˡ
ӣһˣҪҪߣһС۵Ѿͷҵĳ˼
ڸʲô̧ͷԺǰԺæµǡ
ӣүĴϲ׼ءС۸˵Ļشףͷؼ¡
ʲôϲѾɹˡſǰĮȻһϲˡ
СȻһ㶣ɦͷץġ⡭ӣүԸġ
߳ţǺɫӪֻ˸еŤѿ֣ȴǲ㡣
Ҳϵ˺ŸŴĴϲ֣ź첼һк̫ҫֻۣǸ֤Ĳпᡣôټޡ
ѾͷȫΧֵĿңȴ˸ǰֹҡֻǲͣšӲҪ
ȫȼյĻ棬ҼȻѾΪһԲԲʮĵ顣ҲʱʮĺʹΪҵġʹ֣һ뵽Ĵޣʮ򲻼һʱżģ絶ʣȴҪҵǸǶôпᡣ
İͶ֪ҽҵʮΪ˵ľŰ磬ĸʮ磬ƱʹʱȻҴϼ£ϲԺóףԿ
ǵĺУ飬ֻľ˺ţƻһУ˭ֿ˭ù
ϲ֣ںжĿţûҵ顣
ʹһ֮Ը˼ףȴҲʹſ£ҲǷ
ù˺ȥİ򶨵û˿á
бɨһİֳŵԱߵĴߣ
һ£ϵʽе顱߽ңָˡ
һʱ䣬æµϲֺͺµġ
ŭĿ
ȴĻصԼ˺û˿Υ㡣
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Ҫ£û˿ֹҲװ˷ȻԵãɫ
ΪԿһУ
гһǧַʽʹҵȻϣ㲻Ҫõ
룡ƿڡ
ͻȻֱֽµ״Ӻסҡ˵ûġ
붯ȫȴһ˿ҲûС쵰㵽׶ʲôʱҳһ죬ʲô
ӦҲϡתһط︣¡
ˮۿתɡ
ȴҵģҲùĺãҲ⡱
ŭĿӡܸıʲô
ŵϡ֪ģˣһ㣬ҵ
磬ҪȻʮ졣ǸӡҴ̯Сϣ¸ôôҴš
žֳϸϸĶü峺ĴۣͦСɵıӣӣС죬Ķ𵰵ףʹıۡ
ⲻңǳһֱڳɳ壬ǸϤԼҲԶȥѾܲɷˡ
ôôС¶ϲĿ⣬Ǿ̾Ľ
ϸҴϺ£ͷ
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˵һϷˡ
һϰϷˣ͸е̬ȴ˷뼤ʮĵʱɻǿȴŲصȡЦֲǵһγʱҵԺյ·ȴյܰ
пܣҽԸһΣĸԸ¼޵ϲá
ãУЩ˼Ѿڴˡ
֪ʲôµľѾȡ˷ŭͿ־塣ҵѾٳܸӶˡ
Զȥ߽ͷͷ̧ҵ°ͣҾĿûߣûŭֻľͲм
Ȼûʧǰ꣬ڵҾޡ˵ţָĥҵա
ޱĿ
ƣҵֱۣһַסҵ֣һۣͷ¡˳ҵ޵ϲ
֪ҵһ죬˶ãҺʮ̫ͬųΪԼȡ̾Ϣҡͷ
һʹ࣬˾ģҾҪһҵᴥҵļʵ֤ȷֵˡ
Ǹ㰮ط飬֪Ŀеĸ羹ȻǶûܵıС𣿡ҲΪʮеۡ
ΪĶûȻ谵ȴǲɡŮ˵뷨ԶҵĺֵܣԳԣҲıĿ
ұۣ̼ԼƵİŪ
´ʣȥʣĿ˫ŪϺõĴͶ̾Ϣ
ɨҵ壬ҵҧס촽ˮ۽ǣԧ˭˵ǲһַ̡
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ұǾ
У屳ҵ飬һ֫˷⣬ȴﲻסỽطסӦҡ⻹׽Ū﻽ˣȴͬһдֵȨҲûС
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Һޱߵҵ磬ݻҵ磬ҵתͷ˯þþþá
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ÿ֣̿ʣһ۱ɨϵذסʧؿţվ˼δŴƵ壬ֱֱ´ߵԣ
ܾ£Ҳأû뵽ССһѣȴǲᣬڲҵ¹£Ե˹ͷذףһ߽أ΢ʣ˯еȻЦݡ
ذףʧĿҲһȥһжı䣬ʷı˻µ˫ۼᶨıΣҴİʱգѵͲʷĸıʷѻˡ
ҪӽƤֻҪһ£Ҫһ֣ӺҪڴʱɥЩ΢΢ۣݺģҪ²塣
ͻȻһ飬ȫסͣڰգҾ㶵Ķȴſۡ
Ƕ£۹ԽңͻȻȵ
ܼž
ɫֱ壬£
ΣһŲȥ
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ץޱסҵ塰ڶġ
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ᣬһһ嵽ףӲ
ȴһ̾ϢҲˣĵǣĶ֡
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ҵѨȻ¡Ҳͬʱ¡ĵ津ҵƤ̹ǵ
ʰ𵶡㲻ʺ
ѵ˳ȥֱУľ֡
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Ҳ㡱
ңұ屧뱻ѣסңůҡ
¶ȴﲻҵġ

 53 

ۣתͷֲʣѩ裬ӯƮ䣬һȺɵ꣬һ赸һƬһƬʯ䣬䣬ʧתΪһصףһĿתĿţһ궬˰
ֻһ֦£һ֦һҶչı۰򣬽֯Żźתӳģֻǰףֻаס
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һֶ⾳
Ժ䣬ʱգʱڣһԵĺõطϧȻף̫̫ǣңҲ̫Ĳʣ
Сѩ׵Сţһһ̤ϱĵ棬̧Ľż⣬ԼѩƿţǸܵҵѩҵüҵۣҵıǼ⣬ҵĴҵ࣬ҵľϷһ
ſ˫̧֣ͷ΢˫̨ۣף̤һƬƮݵѩ΢ƣƺ۱ߵ
ʣҪȥĶ
˵ȥҪȥĵط
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̾βҵŮ׹뷲䣬˼̻ʳ屯ϣ
ĪѩҲ԰׵ϣӨ飬ε¡
Ӳȥɱе룬һʤһգžĿռԷͣҵ飬ֱͿա
˵ޣٰĳ谮ǻɶʧҲЭ
ģָǿġе˽ٵĽץסеһҲδһ˿һƮ׽
ãȵġȥҵۣΡ
̧ͷ˿ңȴᱧת̧ȴЦ˻ղѩһɣɡűҿٵķ
ۣѩҵĶҵķ°ᴵҵķҲ΢΢һЦ쿪˫֣κڷ£Ʒ䣬ҵҵ֣Ҳľ񴥽һĴɢ
ңͣתķ۹ҵۣΧѩҲ֮ڶû˴УоԼƮڰգѩһ裬ת޾
ǽ꣬ǣɡ
۾һУõ۽ǳԽüҲ͸ϲúͰ顣
㲻֪Լжһо£ߴ̾
Ȼ֪ģЦȴΣȴֻսİѾ˾ӣԸ⿴žеһİҡ
һۣȴ˵ݡ
Զʧ˻ǣģʧĿǣһδĿķѩס΢΢һЦָܣƺֻʣԼΧһжÿհ׺Ʈ졣
ΨԼʵĴڡ
֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷƺû塣
꣬Ҫһͬ꣬²˯ˡҵıǼ⡣
ҴƤ㲻Ӧ
ҵ
̧ͷԶӦһƬְɡҵɷͺȴ桱
ЦǶ
תͷŪĿǣһֱ
ҰΣͻתͷȵ˴һԵžѡ
תһݣһͷѩ̾ղ㡣
ĬĬĿϸΪůֽ࣬סҵ˫šҲĬţȴ˫ü
죬ΪϺ£ҷϴ±Ĵʡ
ų滽
ūżүһ߽Ų
ţɡͷһԵİʣҵ档
߽̽ҵ磬΢΢ս˫ȭ
ɣūźúÿ΢˫ۣ˫

˲Ŀ
߲˰죬ź룬ᳯͷת温д·ӡ
һԵӹӵͷۿ
飬˼ǹ֮Ƣĵĺãƫ̰պֽʣתҵ
δһش𣬸طūȴˣ˵尴ϵҩɡ
ͷӻ֣飬պ÷ӣ߱ȥ
ǳˣ̿ʣ
ղŶ˵ˣţɲܳȥˡõ§ҡ
ĿԶפʡǻ𣿡
ģڸӦúܺãҲϲѾ·ˡ
յﲻã֪Ͻӹȥտš
ʮĸͺУŮҪţ˵ֵܲͣϵҲɩӣϵҲǱҪһ֣׺񣬶ŵṳ̀ʵ͵Ҳ֮С
Ե˵ҴϴҲ޷ֱ𣬷»Щ
ʮߣҲȻǵ˵ﶼҪˣʲôۣȴҲôߴ顣
طǣʮĲδΪðɥ£ڣִΪûκ˵ʲô֮΢΢һЦǷ֮飬֮ǣȴڷ֮󣬵Ȼֵο
ԵݣԵԵǳĿҲֹһǳѪǵĺߣҲŻδΪޡ
Եģصġңȴˡǣδʹ裬ҵĿˣȫߣʼţǻһ
Ȼǧ۲Լ⣬ôʹǷָء
ڵһУĪǵĥѣؾĽ
˵ǵ𣿡
ḧҵ˵أˡҵ۹Щɻ벻⡣
ҲԼѵĻϲ
ǰ㣬һص̲סҪҪӵ㣻ڵ㣬ùݣ˺޲סһʱҲҴ㡣
ͻȻЦҲңƾʲôҶ
ҲĿ
ڵΪҶΪҶ䣬˳Ҷطӣ޷ıġ
ʧЦʲôһɺϰˡ
ұ䣬ΪѾʱΪһˣǸδѾˣĲδ֪ںϣĥϣǽΪһ壬ʶطԵݣʧǷݲ벻ԸұǺۺˡ
ĳ֣һִ߻
ҲֹУǵĺҲ̳һСҰĲ
ҴȴǺȥʮĵսδʼսʮ꣬һ·˵Ǽ
ҵʮģǸ嶯ʵԵı仯ôʲôʹᶨ¸ҵȥһǸӦҲȥλ
δ߼֤죬ǽǶôź
ո˵ʲôӣ͵ʵֱԼƺ˹ؼһ䡣
ҵιסûǵĺӡ
Ҷʱо̹ǡӣҺĺӣ
ŭĿ˷ܼףŭҲҪ
һ㶡˵ʲôûҵĻǵĺӣҸģܸһУͬԡ
һˣͬһ׵ĺӣҲδؾͻͬԴοǡ
ֻܺݺˤģҽ䵽زݵĵز˺ӣⱲӱǣ塣׵ĽҵӲѽϡ
ɫҰף§ҵֱֽ֪ҵĻʹһֱ
úӱңЩƺš
ƽ̧ͷѺӴɣġ
ҡεվץءܣ
ɵڶ㡱
ɫҵĶңʧ䡰һУΪ㣬ϧһҶҪõ㣻һУ㣬еû뵽㾹ȻҪ
˵꣬ҰΣ¶ֵɫҲʧܣҲ䣬ҵĶעͬһˣôǸһܣһضľ
ʧصĶˣһǷˣôԣô룬ԭΪԭΪȻľϧһС
Һ֮䣬ҪѡһĻ
ǶҵģҲҪѡ񣡡
ȴѡһɱ
ȷ䶢ҡ
ҼᶨĵͷõϣҸ޷ĸܱ̣ĳʹࡣ
Ҵ㣬ҵҵ飬ʲôиı䡣
ҴӲ԰ܡ
ڻλ֮䣬ѡ˻λôӦһ
ʲô
Ҵߡ
ɲҪӣ
ҿЦδؾǶӡ
ҴӲһ㡱
ðɡЭֻ󡱻ҵ֪ʱǸ÷õʱˡ
ǵĺӽ𣿡
ҼᶨĿֻô
ľǵ˵ȴ֪֮Ѿ˵ɿԽĺ蹵ˡ
ԲҪӵġ㲻ҡʱҵľȴͬʱҲҺʮĵ
һ㲻лͷ
ҵͷСҵˮĵ˵ͷ
վ˰Σȥ̧ͷǱӰǹ¼ŵģǳҲǾġ

 54 

ʱȴǻᷴӦ˲٣Ż£ģͷΣʳ֢״ȫն᲻ҲԽȥ
Դϴͬطһϯӵ꣬ڸ鷽棬ҲǸ˶ѣҲϧ֮ºҲʱ
ʱڶϣҪӡҲ֪ôȥԼҲã
žв԰׵˶ﻹа˫촽˿ûѪɫ˵ĺȷʵҪһ뵽һճͬˣĲʹ࣬ҲоԷӦŻô
΢̾ҲǸҸĺӣע˲Ǹϸĸףֻʲôأ뵽ˣһᣬҪ
뻳ʱҲرϲᣬʱ޵ϡﻩģʮĳŵ޴룬һ±죬ǲѣҲƽҪЩ
ҵĴҲ֪ôˣѾܹ·˰ɣûжߣϰ𣿽ټʶ
̧ͷ⣬ѩƺܳʱʱһֱûͣȻһƬûм伴ɨֻһСԱϲѩ׵ɫʵİѩԺԵʮֵʫ⣬һ԰ĸо
̺ҵѾͷĸʹֻһȺȫŮģҲ㡣ڱӸķȻϲ̺±źԺԵʮֵ壬ƽʱרŵķȺлʱԼϲ£ҲǣҲٵǰԺ⡣
Ժ뾩ǲǺԶԺʱҪȥðһȥˣҲǣطæܻ̲Ҫ֣·ţ
ʱҹ鷿칫ʱֳˣƽ˯㣬һǺټˣҲıðɣҵġ
ʱ糿΢ʱҴҴӴǰȥƣʱҵʱҲڴǰפһֱС뿪ڱ׵Ĵʣ鷭ʱһ˻룬ǶԻǴԼǲ̫ĺˣ޹
弫ȲʣҲǲԸ鷳Ȼѩȴ̰ʱĻԵʸһ˺磬š
һҪʼˡ
͸̿ʱЩ⣬΢΢סյĴۣһ˷ȥЩ̿
ƣǽ⣬ԺһˣҲԸ￾ɡ
˵үжûˣ
ɲǣÿҲǴҴҴߵģɸǰЩӲˡ
Ӳƽ˶ݳСЩĵ
үҪʲôŮûаŮ˰Ҳζ˲ϲɵ
⻰˵ˣȥð죬ү˵үɳǸ½ŵĲรˣҪ֪үھĸֲ˺ãռ˶ٱˣºãǸรռϷ磿
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ǰǸƽȽܳ϶վء
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Сϳһ£ӿڡӣү鷿ƽﲻȥġ
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طǿ⵽Σֵúáҵĵȫǰ˰ǣӦǼɹĴɡ
ճ͢˰һ֮ŵһ죬ã˰类ƾ̫һ£̫ӿǺ޵ͷˡط¾еλˡ
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̫Ȼǳ֮ƣӶ϶ʵȻҲ̫ӱ֮磬Ȼ˰ΪУ̫ӲһòãǿŭУȴҲѴ̡ѡ
еİĬʱ˵һҲǲˣͬ˵ȴʡ
еλҲͬΡ
֮䣬˵ǲˣֻǳĬ
ӹҵеӣŵСҹˣȥЪϢ˰ɣӿʱ˵ǰ
ȴЩ֮飬ЩĻģܹˡ
ҪСȴʹҽסҧס´һҲҶ
ôˣطżĸʡ
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ܵģ˰Σҡǵĺӣô˵ûˣҪס
Сӣȥ׼ӣҪ̳ȥ㣡ңȻ溰
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ҵóţ۵ļ˵Ҳ
Ժ˶ʱżΧһ۾ǿֻš
ү׼ˣͳȥ𣿡СӼæ
Сۣһ︣׼㡱
֣һѩڱ棬ȴģطС棬ϵͺѯʣһסӣֱð亹Щ¡
Сӣ㣬֪ͨ򣬾ȥ԰
һ׵ĺ棬ȴԵңԶСˮ¡
§ңʹ
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ģݿ˱ֻܱҪϥ˫ȵķסҡ
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һ԰Сæ³Ժʱƻͨһʱӿˡ
طҵĲˣһ·ֱ᷿
΢ۣеоʹˣȴĻ䣬µĺӣûˡ
շϴϴεĺŶ룬ĶҲ֮ŵĺ϶
Ҳ԰׵Ҳ˲̫࣬Ͻùҵ֣ŵ̽һأҺطŵҲð亹ˡ
̽ҵҲ΢΢
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طһɡʲôãϸˣ
ΪĵͷүѪڷӦǿң󣬾ʳδл̥֮ա
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ץס֣΢΢ҡͷΪˣǿ
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ʹ֮󣬱滺˶˵УˣԭͲ֮ȥδزǺ¡
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а취˵
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ǹе̫ҽڹмһֻΪһʵöһҵȷǴɣһ붯ȴҲǻɱ֮Ϊ
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ĿתĿҲҪַʽһҹ
Ĭ
ǻϵˣ㲻Ҫֵõġ
ҿѣ㣬

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ҴӣҰΣתȥ
˼ǧ̫ҽΪɥġ
طƣ̫ҽǰ϶ˣµǲĸԸ̫ҽڹʲˣطһ¿Ҫˡ
䲻ǲǰģɼҵˣȴϡЩӡģһδطɵЭ飬ҽԾʮĵĲรݲɸġҶȻǲҵòġ
ҲڴϽȴ
Сۣҳ⺰
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Ҳһ
ǡ
˵ҲΣһأʵڲУȽҡ
Сԥһᣬתš
Ųת
үֻôһ˽ȥ
У
˵Ҫ
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Ѿͷﲻ𣿡طȵ
С۲ңүϢŭūм仰үƼݼС۲
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ҽտʵº壬ûҲʱжţȴ岻ѣأв֮¡С۶һС
βϷ򱾷ݣүˣв֮ȴǳϷ򣿼ǲţֺϷһˡ
ŭδȴʮ⣬ҹģһڣǲܣԼʶʱܹЩ
Ҫǲֻһ˽Ҳֱ֮ˣ벻Σȫƾһ˾ղ߳ҽҲעʹ˷ţΪѡ
Ȼһ㶣ͷ룬ղŽһҲǿģȴԥ
ϷΣϷһҽҲԭ˵үˣɷ˵ߵѾͷͣĺҲ޼ϣȷϷɣðȻҽүڴˣϷҲԸһ
ˣˣҲȷѣףѣ޿κֻ֮أӶղһҲȻͬΪθе塱
Ŷ
ͬ˶ѡ
ͷ
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˵룿
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вң
ڹվһϯ֮أûʶǶ֮вģ˵ֻʵѣҵңȴԸƿر˵
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̫ҽҲ֪ɼңȥұܸһֻ֤ˣҲΪ˺·
ҡҡ֡˰ˣ˵в֮޷µȷˣԱƣʴ壬кιǿأ
˾ͶлˡС˵ֳ꣬ȥ
Ϊ̽ʱСҵţȫС֮ڡСۿ۲ϸ£ҲһʱҲϵʮֵĬ
΢΢ͷһ֡
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ȥкҪ£˵ˣ鷳ˣǷǳĹⲻȥ¡С̧ͷ˵
ֳһ۵Կ˼ɣϷֻδ⽹ǹ࣬ġ
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ǲƶ̥ȹ̷´󣬱ͬСȥ
ֱţ̯ϡղӣǶˡ
⺢Ҳþ
طŶ룬ֱ󣬷ҡô
ҳ΢΢һЦûˡ
Ǿͺáұشϡ
ȥɣҪ˺
ͷţҶ֪ˣ
ĿЦҵ棬̲ɱǱԼͬطպñԴ˽òб䣬ȴû˹ǡ
ܼġ
ʱסˡ

ģֻҼĸձһɲɵ˰ȥ𴦣㰲򲻿ٳˡ˵ĵ¡
ҵͷ
ʲôԵģҪң鲻ãҲ㵽ߡ
΢΢һЦĲ¸֪ˡ
ҿԳȥ𣿡
ЦЦͷ
ǿɲԲҪԷˣǵ¡
ɫһҪҪ̫ࡱ
̾Ϣ˵Ҷףǵ¡
˿ң޿ɱεĹ˹ҵıӡ
ҪԲˡ
ҵ֡вҡ
סҵ֡Ϊͺӡ

 55 

ӣҩɡС۷ӣҴվ
ҰһǺںҩȴֻҡҡͷû
ִǲҩģҩúȣһ컹Ρ˵̫ҽҽΣҲЩġ
ôֲԸҩˣ طGŵ
ҿûЩʱ԰˵Ǵ޹˵ȣĸļıʿ˼ҲԺƲȣ⼸Ǵ粽룬ֶԲߣصϢҲԴԴͽ
ˣȥ
طG߽ϵҩ˹
ЩΣ˵ʱҲûбطιҩҲӲҪ䵽طGͷϣȷʵ˱Ťһֱǲˣܲ
æֱҪֶ˹ǰȴûƴǺԵ˼ˡ
ֹסңԾɴ
ҿȷЩЩڴЩֺõȴҲûپܾһڡ࣬ұۣͷ
ˣҩһںȥƷЩȤ
ҿεļȥȴǲͣ٣ֱȸ볯졣
죬㱻˸ǽæġš
룬ҶȹȴЩȻ˿
ʲôʱ´߶ȥҿҪˡҶֱ˵
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ȴЩСˣڴҲ£ҩҲǰ׺ȵģһͶ̫ҽʳףչ˵ҵĿζҲܳԵһЩΪްһαŵòᡣ
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ɺãҷ´ʡתͷ⺰Сӣʦй
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ۿҪ£˵£ǣļ˵䣬ȴǷ羰õʱ⡣
紺ķڹЩ䣬ȴþδŵҾЩʣ԰ţ⵽ǽ棬棬ȴи֣뱴Ӹһǽ֮ȴǧɽˮӣݣ߳ȥأ
СۣСʲô𣿡վߵС۵
ӣҼﻹĸأҼҾƶô࣬ҺǶ򵽸صˡ⻰˵ᣬС˵ȴûжĸˡ
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ǻ𣿡Զҵļң֪ôˡ
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֪ΪΪ֮ΪľЩ޹ˡɵȻ
ܾȵһȺˣǴɢ˱ھȥ˶ӣطGôȥء
طGԶɣԸƧ¶ϲŭȴѰ֮ˣͬŰһݲвȷµġ
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С
΢΢ͷȷˣұ仯̫ðȻȥֳ֪ʲôķ粨ֻٹȥʱҲԲʲô鷳ͼּȥò仯Ҳ˵ȥ
Σ͢˵ŲȴҲ֪һ̫ǰҵľֹҲطGһظҲǱĪ⣬Ե˫ϵź΢
һҪƵҶˣҲ˽ӵԭΪĴҵǲɱġЩҲûд˺󣬸úȥδӡ
ǱضҪߵģ˺ӣżɻ䣬⺢ӵĽֹҺʮĵ·ֽҲߵĳ룬ںӵķϣеЩҶȻȥ˺ӵ¡
ظҲүҪõūŵĵطܿڡ
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ү˵ŵʲôﻹĵģūҲǴ󵨴ӵˡ
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Щ΢조ޣΪүǸȴǳģΣأ⣬ūŲȸˡ˵Ƿȥ
ҵͷĿ뿪
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Сۣʲôʱˡתͷæ̴С۵
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ʼҵһǼҪӣ֪Ҫô𣿻ǲǵ·𣿱չ˵úҷų
ȥߵ˵Գ棬طG澫Ҳæųȴǲŵˡ
Сۣ֪үʲôʱ𣿡
ӣҪˣҲ˵أүûС۹һط¡
㿴ŵ㣬үҪǻˣһתͷ顣
һձڿ飬ĥȹ
ϣ԰û˻ЩżãҩҲͣˣֻ⼸ҪͻԷҪһǲס
ӣ˯ɣˣӲáС۵ϵƣߴš
УҵõŶͷϿ⡣
үææµģʱü춼Ӱ˵أӣ˯ţ֪ͨ
ջĿ⣬ͷƣ»ҪС˵ˡ
СۣҪ̫ˣҲˡϴʰãС۵ѾͷǺҵ⣬˼ãʲôʲôһͻᣬҲʮĹΪˡ
֪ˣӡ˵ϴ˵ƣҹȥ
ΰУƺŶ룬ʵСۣǲүˣ
˾Թţ߽̿ʣȴ΢΢ۣûеƣȴƲ
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ת§Ϣô˯ôãֽŻǱ
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бĶᣬҵءҷֲˣҲȥ塣ֻǽıסһǸ

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طGϲĿңһԵѾͷæȥ׼ҷĳЩҧΪԼˣû
֪Եġ طGмסҵ֡
һһڵоϵʹʹҪſ
һһĽкУطGսҵֲϸҼ͹£ڵ賿С硣
һ޽ҴӻлѡֻһǿҵĴڸУ˲ܺӡ
ѺӱڲŵĲ»ұһȿҵĺ˯
ˣϢɡ طGźӲ
ҲЭĿ
طGƣ˿ңԥĽӱ
Ҳ˫ֽӹȻһƯĺӣο̰ؿҪһжļס
ˣ̫ҪϢѺӸҰɡ طG˵űҪѺӱߣҽţ֣ȫ˲ֱ

Ҿؿεķ֡
ڳŲȥ˯ȥһȻܳܳ
ʱѾǵˡ
һѣСæιҡ̰غ˼룬ŻָЩ
Сۣҵĺأ
Сҡͷû˵ǡ
Ҽֳ˯ȥ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶô˯ߣôҲ˯ƵģÿһǳԶñֻ˯С۽ʱ䶼ûСֱȴֲصԴ
ڣĹȥ
ֹ˰£һ죬漣Ƶľܺãû˯˶ǣȫʹһοǺ̫ˣȻ˯һôá
߳⣬Ժ壬ƽʱҳʮֵİȴСҲˡµ˼ӣȴûмӰк֡
ҵĺӣطGǶȥĶˡ
ôоһƺʲô츲صı仯

 58 

ͻȻͷһѣص˯߸ϮҽķסһֲͣĴͷô£пСƿԺŽصҧ´ԼһЩ
СۼڷȻǴ⣬æɱǰҡ
СۣʲôˣأŬ۵ģ塣
СֻǵͷҪҽš
ʹĳԼ֣Щҡ˵ң
ʱֻۣǲͣҡͷ
ô£סΣļҡš
ΪҪϤĵͳѵ̧ͷһ˿ϲҡڼˡ
ҡǰطG⵽ô£ҵͷʹǶȥˣЩҵķʡ
ȻĶҡȥ˯һ㡱˵̧С۷ҽȥԼ鷿
ҲҪ˯ңס֧תԴʹ
ȥһۣͷҲصĽš
ĶıӰٴ˯һʲôˣǰһҿ϶롣
ٴȴֻ޾Ŀ־壬ǰǷ̸СĽŷ׵һ鷿
طGרŵҵĵѾϣ΢΢ͷ˿档򶨵ߵ¡
ӺЩˣ
ҵһЦôãһµĳ˯ÿֻЩʳɫǲ԰ףһԴ
ǲǸøһˣҪ
ΪѾ۹ˡɫ
ҧҧ֪òã
㲻õġ
һʹƺѾǿԤϵˣǶôźӵģʮֵ֪ҵĺ˻أҿҿɲټһ桱
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ˡƽҽҵѯʡ
Ȼˣ˫ɲʱʧȥ˹ҿʮֵİⲻǸΪʧΪҽΪʹطGǿڲ˵Ķħȴ߻
̫ʧˡҶʱʧȥѪɫ˫ôʻûˡ
ѡģҸᣬ㲻Ҫˡ
Ҵ㶵ֻҡͷһתۣеĶûˣмҲܻأǰ·ָôȥҵĳͷ
Ҫߡ⼸֣޲þ͵ʧҪټһһ롣
ȥĿҡ
ģҲرӸҲ鷳Ӵһϡһ˿ĪЦȥδӣӦҪˡ
㶵ĿңһҸߵʱˡ
ѹʹ࿴ңӱסҡҪߡ
ջ˯¡ҵ۹⿴⣬һˣɢ֮顣
ΪʲôҪҡ
ڱңһˣмҲܻأǰһδ֪·ҵȫˣ㣬ѵľأô˵ڱ㣬طGְɣʲôҪˣɵĺۣۡ
Ҳţֻĳƣ
ڻɿ֡
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С̧ۿңȴΣصĵͷ
߽԰׵һκģҡ
С۵⣬ıס
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𣿡ڻȵһ˵
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Ҳֻһγ衱
㻹пͶŵ𣿡
شҵȥ
̾˿Ǻοࡱ
ҼСʰöվǸˡҪúչ
տ
ҡҡͷѾˣȻѾźãֺȥһУ
ֱűС߳Ժӣ̤һ£һͷطGԾվڸղŵĵطһҲȥ·ɫرס˫ȭסһ紵°ڣδֱֱ֣ĿǣȴִƺһҪɳݺݵذ
һᣬұתͷǼ̤Ų֡
԰ˮ沢ҺСѡľѴ
Сǰ˱㻮⽥нԶˮ鿣һĵطииǧ
˰飬Щӵĸˣδ·ôߣСֳұ
СۣҪȥϧؿС۵
ĮĮңͷ
ͽһΣڿ˽ֵһ·ţһҴҽݱȥһδôˣİľİϢİķ֣ʱȴѾû˵ľˡ
С㣬ץҩһѧͽģССܹ
ҿСۣʱѾָ˵ˡҽõĴ
С´һۣǼŲƣץץͷСһ£ȥʦ
ҵͷԱߵСۣھΪôĽһ·϶Ҳˣһɡ
СԥİΣһѾͷ˲裬ҿҽ¡ģӦòϣСκá
ҾţɴȴʱעĿʱ˴ǣ߽߽š΢΢̾ϢͷŮ˵ŵǼ٣οһŮӡ
տɲװˡڹڣҲõϳֻҵȴǼģ˵󲻴󣬿ɼλʱڳ߶ĿҲڶ࣬վǾô֮ء
С㣬áղŵСܳ
ҿСһۣһ˽ȥ
һǰдʲô΢֣ǽͣ±ʵСкβʣ
ҵãɤӲܷˣ鷳æҰСǰ
롱߿ǰΣͣ룬ָӵ
һ̽һҵɤǰǺõģ
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ʲôԭģ
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ͷΣ˻ҩ£ҩӼңϷʱûаգȿҩԣЧ˵
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΢һ㶡𣿡
ţǲпҩˣκãλʲôˣ
εĿС۲һС˵̫ˣʲô˵ˣջΪһ÷㣬һСۡ
СҲ̫ģȻʵҽݣϷ򶨻ᾡҽΡı㰲ο
л
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æҡͷһС۱ҩѾעĿˣ֪ҳʲôŻˡ
ȻˣҲǿҿСӦóõҪĶϺõҩǲơ
һŴˣһֱڹ͸ʹǮĵط٣ἱųţֻԸСʰ򵥵·ûдӳ
Ҵ㶵΢΢죬սʱ˵õĴǲ٣ô졣
޴䣬Сҵһԡ
Сۣôˣұ߻ͷ߱ʵ
СóǸκиҡ
еģСۣ֮ôãһС۵˼æҡͷ
СۼżңƴıȻʲôĲϳҿָָָָңȴǲ̫ʲô˼
˵˰Ӹˣҳɵʡ
Сæͷ¶һ˿ϲ˼
ҿźӲЩԥѵҪȥ𣿿ǱˣֹǳԵĺȵסģһҪǮ
С۽ؿңջǰѺӽ˹
ȸǿӰɣǵȻץҩ
˿ǣͷд÷ӽǣҲЩԥɿҲûǮ֮ˡ
ҽӹӺСһͬ˳ȥ

 59 

С㣬ЩɶϺ֮ʵЩϧˡ
ϰϸΣź˵ȴѾеˣϰ֮ˣδû١
Ϊҵ䣬Ҳûа취£ܳԱůܱõĺá΢Ц˵
ϰ̧ͷһᡰҿС㶨Ǹ֮ˣ⽫Ҳ˵׼ҲռˣЩˣ˰ɡλϰ廹ʵ£Ϊ롣
κУ̾ķһ飬ǻ˰ɣ󷽱ˣû飬顣ҵʱ뵽ҽյǣ
С㣬ɷϵĽָҿһ£ϰҵ֣Щ˷ܵʵ
ϰ壬ָǲܵˣ˵ָһͣʮֿء
ұǸĸЦʵҲմ֮󣬱Ҳȡˡ
ϰһᣬ۵˵ͷţϷҲǴϵ֪д˵޼֮󣬽յüȷһǷС֮ϷðӪμҲЩĵãͣá
ҾȵؿŽָԭ뵽ϰһֱΪص룬˵Ҳһ˹ȥϰǱˣԴ˸ȤҲ뵱Ȼ㿴һ°ɡ
ϰмؿһۣתȡһŴ󾵣ͷϸо࿴ģԽԽ¶΢Ц۾Ҳ⣬¾ӲͷȻͬСϴˣ
īʥҵ͵һ䡣
ԭҲҲӦмˣſһ˲֪ġϰЩĵ
ҡҡͷϰ˵ֻ̫ʵˡֻһζѣô󷨣ȴǲǲôҲǸװƷˣϧֻȡҪԭ˵ġ
ϰȴǲͬҡͷָɲͬһƷҲ˵ѾãӦʼģⶫҲԻʹ˵һλʵĿҲǾ൱壬ԲųΪʥ
ϵļͨ˵Եģ֮˿ɼ̳ԣ侫ٲ˵Ůഺ
תת۾ͻȻս˵ӣӵĸӡ
ҵһæ֡ϰ˻ԣһϷ˵
ϰȡС㣬һʱΣǾֱ˵ˣС˵ϴҲȡҲȷЩҡ
̧ͷֱҡȻɴƵóС㶨ò֮ˣǺⱦﲻġ
Ҽ˵غ棬ֻǿЦָȡΪ̫СҵòȴұҲһ漣͸˵治֪մ˴Ĺ⣬մҵĹ⡣
νЦЦƹκСϰ壬ǻʱȥץҩһɵٰɡ
ϰֹȴһһó̡һʱž죬˫ּ˫·ʱűˡ
С㣬һǶʮȫϺõ䣬ȻǻҲʹԼĹһ£ſֵϰϣ
üû뵽˴󷽣ʱŰҪһʱҲףôô׵͸ˣĵƨҲ̫ˣ˵طGλ䣬ǵҲǸ˼ϧҲֻ꼻һְˡ˼ǧ
СȴۣһĲţֱָΣ㶵ؿҡ
ҺЦ֡ˣЩӰˣˡ
СǺԣ費һĿѾͷһķӦˡ
Ҷ񣬿һѵΡϰ壬ɿˣЩֵô𣿡
ϰź뿴ЦС㣬⻹ǻļۣԶֹô࣬Щ˵īʥֵǮɿɫɷݣһģһ֮㣬Ѿˡ
ҵͷ֪ϰôƺСŮӽղֹΪЩζȣȴϰ㹫˽̷ϸǵ֪ҿ㣬޼ۿ֮ģʵСŮ岻ѡҿԵ˵
С˵Цˣշ룬ＸھǽɲһˣҪģϲΪһʱԣڴļҵ
ȻҲΪҵһϺ⡰ϷԿ䣬СһţҾͿ϶һˣСĴ˷ҲȷǿԿˣ 䵽ĵ̣ҿҲ֮ȻС㡱
ȴִľͷԺ۷ѵ̵ÿñʲôҪڹŴ˵ʶǷǳĳǰҲǷǳѵõġ
ҵͷҽʶóϰ壬Ҳ÷ǳңЩ⣬ҲʮֵͰģϰд˼ʶҪ뷢󣬳Ӵǲڻ¡
û뵽ȴͻذ̾ʵС㣬ܲܿȥҲ⣬Сģǻ´ģǮҲ֣Ȼ겻ڣҲúñС
ȴź˵ŨãѵϰԴˣǱЩû٣ɹƭ̰ͼӬͷСļˡ
ϰ˵꾭ӪãǼѣϹ˿ҲĶ࣬ĽҲôῪȥأҲɵɻʵ
С֪ˣΪҵĵ˶ĺôʹһЩҪϧһֶ߰ԾӪΪҲչһЩŶ꣬ͷȻǲģϧǶ㲻ⳡƽ٣ҵ⿴Ҫҵˡ
ϰ̾ĵͷź˲ѡ
ȴܹ⣬ǰѱڵϣ˵ľӪҲڵļҵܹķȥҪܴۣۿҪһܲء
ϰ̾ӪõͷҲԣҲǷ˼ģ򲻾ѵ»ǿӽ£ŵľǿҲǽĵطֺ˺أɻĳ
һãҿüɢҲҪһѣ浽Ҳϧϧϰҵҡͷ̾Ϣֹ
ɻϰҪǷĻɷ˵
˿ңС̸ҲδɣСⵥҵɽˣҲԵݣҿĹŶ꣬
ƺΪԼŶڲѡŶ걾С⣬ԭҲûԶǿ̳ȴԹŶҲЩоҲɲᣬŶ뵱ҲԨԴģһʵļ̳ϵĴͳ㿪˼ҹŶ꣬ȴԽԽҲԽ¡
˵䣬һҲΪ̵¡еˡҵʱǸˣǱľӪŶ˿ûýԽԽз磬˱һҸʢĹŶĲǼҵϰ˵ͷҶԹŶ꼫ӣһ֮£ֹǿչҵĹŶ꣬ҵĵҲŹ˰ϰ尧̾ѡ
ֱСʵǼҹŶңӣ
ϰ循ȵĿҡǣСε֪
ҿЦһ⾩ǻСû뵽ǾŰĵ̡εĵͷǼҵҲЩԨԴ
ϰ۾ɵԲԲģ
С㣬֪ǵϰǵʥүľŰ簡
˼Ƭ̣ǵͷţš
λ˵ʹͷͷǵ⼸漰ҵǱ鲼ȫĪ˵Ǿˣ˵Ĳҵȿ֮˵еġϰ˵ŰǾ岻ѣȴҲǶԼ̵δе
ҾŰ̸֮ЦöԷذʱЩŰйˣǿŷɥģ˭Ҳӡϰ˵ƺҲŰⱻŹһ¡
ҡͷЦԭǰģ
СĪǸŰкθϵɵĿҡ
˵ʱҼҵ䣬вʢʱҲδ˵زʹԨԴֻһѣм֮Եˡƽ˵
̾̾ȴƵƵͷⷬȴǺˣŰʲôϵֺγҪ˵εĵزء
Űĵأʵ
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ͷǶ̽Űʲô˼һ۱УҿŶֻһڰˣеȻǶõķǵ̵ĽƣͷԣȻúһ
˼Ƭ̵ʵϰҲ˾ǵȫϷֺţϰҲǽϼҵǺ¡һֱֺŵľӪۣͯ˽Ӵķ˵峯İҲЩɺԵء
͵Ŀҵͷ
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ϰ循ȵĿңȴǵͷҲǷǳģķҶԲںֻҪܱ֤⵱̵ķܳľӪȥҲԵˣǾŰôҺأҵĵ꣬ԾӪ˵Ŀ
ʵŰҲǿ˷ϰľ̲ܣȻϰ岻̫еĻ;Ű̸̸⣬Էϰľ̾ͷֺŵƣټϷ󣬾ŰӦò᲻˼ġ
ϣСĻУҲһѪӪˣҲֻаСķҽһءͷ˼̣Ÿطɵ
Цŵͷ
ȻûпСΪжҵȽԲ簡̾ȴ͵
ϰˣ˴˽Ϊ룬ڽ˵Ľ飬˵ؽ˵ĴȣȻһǧңҲõģŰһ£Ӵ˴չͼҲĹ컯΢Ц˵
Сᣬ˵ļʶȣΣ壬ȴǸջûϴˡֱĵ
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Сһʮ˽һķɡ
磬ھʵϰ壬λǣ
ФϵܣλСһԶݣԹŶҲĵã첻һǺǵЦ
վǷǷСŮӿɰФϰ壬ˡ
Фϰ΢Цİڰ֡˿Ƿϰ֮ˣһİɣ޷޷
ҵ㾲¡
ȻФϰ˴αŶҵ飬ѹŶԱİţĶϸϸһ顣
ҾţФϰҲоӢ´ҡ
񶼴׵һеʲᶼѾǵĹܼҰϰ忴ǷФϰ屨һܽ´ʡ
ţФϵܴﲻĵģֻҶԲס㰡òװɽȴ桱
͵ĵͷȴҲʮֵΡʱŶǶ˵һѪϧȴ³
ϰ˵ﻰǶĽˣŶˣӸһյڣҿȻûˣûҪģʱ͹ȥƷѾһͬˡФϰƽ͵˵
ӸǽֵǷʮıӣʵ
ҵľطʲôˣ
ɲλɹģͬʱҹŶ궼Ҫ˻ĿǴֱʣ϶ʮֿءФϰ˵
ţҲţǲʱ˵ʮıΪһรȥʧǣû뵽Ŷ̶̰꣬Ҫ»˰ииŵص
ȻһʹطȻҪȢˡΪʲôȥǰһĻĿ˵ʧ⣬ҽΪԼΣ˵ԼҿҪˣȻҪ»ˣҾؿڣʹҪҲţҾš
ɰôˣ岻ʣҵ״ʵ
ʸɬĺס벻ʣҡҡͷ
ǿһۣФϰ˵ͦأ˵һֱҪȢ˲֪ٵ㣬һֱûӦεѡ㣬֪ôˣһ۾еһŮ˾ҪϵʱҲûָ̾ˣⲻղŽѡ㣬ϿʼˣϣǶ˰˻һ˵
ѡ㣿ɲ𣿽ǿʮ꣬ʱڶˣһ˵ֹסĻ£һ۾Уһ飬ʧĵૣطİϱˣѾôҲš
˵ϯҪŮʵҵҲǸˣȷʵҲǿˣ˵ҲɣͱӸһรϻͬأƺ㡣Ҳһ׮̸ˡ
ƺھҲһʱˣФϰ˵֪Ϣ
СҵıʾҲҪġҳͷ
ŶĻƷ»ȥҾʵ
ţȫϺõĹŶЩͷأ඼ǸŶɽˣͷҪңӵԧ״ƿˣҲͻӦǻѹϷФϰֵ
ϰ壬ЩҪΣҵ
ǲ¡ɻĿһ۵
ŶҿФϰŶңԴǲŹԹ˵Ͻα㿴
һ߿һߵľȣ͡Ħ̣ŷ֡ҲЦЦȥҲǶ˸־ͬϵˣһ̫飬ֻл񣬻
ɰЩοͷСҿϰ˵ĲǫˣЩεͷɱƿԶˣǺöѵҲ򵽱Ӹȥ
ȥ³ȻҪ»飬Ȼһݺףǰúϡ
ϰ壬»飬ͷ֮ѡһ¡
ɰЩֵƣǮ֮ͳȥԥĿҡ
ɰˣô˸ж飬һҲ޲ɣοҲֹһΣҪҲǴࡱ
ҵȫϣкοϧأȻµĽɽɽңк塣⾩Ѿǲٴȥˣʱȥҵ֮أ
Ƕ˶ʱûֻ˼Ķҡ
΢΢һЦϰ壬Էǵ̵͹ȥɣһٿԶãʱŰ϶ڳһ¶棬ֶʤ㣿
ФϰһɻĿǣһ㶣漴һЦɰȻܵģεǮ㡱
ҡҡͷϰ壬˵ͣһͣϲһͭ塱
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ϰ壬Լպټ
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С㣬ˮڲͬǵ幤ȱҵĺãԲŹġɽ
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ʱȴãԭ벻һУΪ˴Ҳһҳ࣬ع鱴ӸҵķͺӣȴҾ岻ط˱ŮˣҪ»顣
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ȥƽʱźúõ岻͸֧룬ƽʱ˼Ҳ̫δǺ¡ĪЩϧĵݸһŷӣҸмؿһۣϸĵĽ˹ϸۺ÷½
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 60 

ФԶڳ۽ĹŶļҸкɫԴݵȣĵţ˼ȴƮúԶԶ
Ѿעָ飬ʮĸԸ˵һ׮ʮȫʮϲ£ҾţЩľȴĿĵصٽģһ̵ĳǳأԵֵδ֪ȴеʹ
ұ򶨣ұסȻҪߣأǿ߰ɣȫĸʮȻˣԿ˳ЦҵĿ⣬ô
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¶һЦѩ׵ı⡣
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߰ɡҳ

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̤ţһ󺮷紵̲ס˸΢΢ֵķΧ΢̾ҪȥҵѾ㹻ǿ
ΪԼͣѾעôͰպṵ̀ɣɨϤĸأ䣬ｫڴˣҲɱʧʹ޼С
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ȻѾռǵģô󣬽ݳõһĻ

 62 

λϰ壬չƷҪƵԺԼҵĹ½ǰϷ̨ȥɡ
һչñͬŶϰ屧ȭ
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飬ƶǶ
ҷ⣬½óǸңԶ֬һ𣬵Ҳġ
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ȴԲûԭԳ嶯ԴģԲԶ飬

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һУ޷޷³һУҵУǧìܣ飬ʣţԸѹ֣ǿͳͳ۵ףֱֱĿ𣬻
ΪԼԷطǰشһŴֱۣӭҹȴӭȴһţʱѪ¶ֱؿڣŵĿʧɾεתȥǵĨǿִıӰ
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Ϊӣȫýģƺ˭һһǧƬҪҿһֱվǰȴ̲֪ϴδɴȴ׽ϳôΪŮŻ˵ĳٶۣ۹ɨǣֱֱִ֣ĵžƱ
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طǵϧ۹ҶԲƣѾ㵽ҽҲǰ׷һ˰ɡ
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ʮתͷңֿһƬ׷ҡ
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ʮģ갡ǻſɰ̨ء
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ҾţѾľͷǱ̫ã̫ˣ˿־壬£Ѿٽ磬޷ӦֻǱ£Ѱĥù
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ᶨ˫ֱۣͦ˱̤ϸ̨
ʰǰվʽ׵Цݰϡ
λǵĹ͵ʱˣҪ˵ıիıˮ춴Ｅ
իĻưӶǰҽӹ΢΢һЦ
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ҳһ˵Ƿйеᣬ΢΢Ϣ̨Ŀ۹ɨ
Ϊ֪ѣֻϪʫҶµȪǶƸе˼룬ֱ˵Ĵų޵˼ԶỺܽᡣ
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ջ۹⿴ʮţң΢΢һЦ̨˵κããܴһ֪²ԡǣ
źϧͨɣȴ޴֣Ҫʧ˸λˡ˵̾˿
ǰŰ縣۹ʱɨʮ֪Ǹ˸ˣʮڹǲ˵ܹ֮٣οԱڶĳء
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ͻȻתЦ⣬δϡ΢΢㶡
Ҿһһʱ͵ͣס֣ȻֹסԵɲͻأһתͷϵճȭŲһʱ׷ɡ
ϵĴԥתʮҧŴ֪ô
ʮǼıóƵģӯߵ࣬ͷսҶߣֻõôϳ𣿡
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ط
ɩȷʵܱߵ߳ǾˡʮȴԱ߼
طһҾȲı飬ѿŰ졣
ɨһۣѾû·ˣҧҧ촽ӡ
ӵؿһʮȴЦЦҵͷطŻߡ
ε˫ַҡ
Ȼˣ빫һ߳һߵɣӵʣ˵𣿡ҽһתʵ
ͷ
ʮ洵ͣţͳ񣬴͸ܴģǴʱÿβߣĵĸ顣
ᵯɣԾĵͳ
֪ͣ
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ʱ㲻
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㲻Ԥ
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°ҿ
²˯
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·Ұ

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ʮ߽ң˫ĿӣһоڲСͷ
ϲ죬һס̫δҵ
˼ͬ
ǰѵôصӣ빫һסһԵȴƸȤ
Ϊվ̨Сҧס´
ɰȻҶ˵ˣ˰ɡŰܽԵĵɡ
ɨʮģһ˫ȴǺݺݶңȴ뽫˺Ƭһ
ðɣȻʮıүϲɰٳһ۹⣬˻ԡ
˾
ң
ᵯᳪʱľһӢĸҵԡҲ룬㳪
I look at you
Please don't walk away
I see you're about to
There is just something I'd really like to say
So please don't walk away
I know that you're there
Still you pretend you're not
Yes I know it hurts
I have also felt the pain
So should it matter
What I do or what I've done
As long as in my heart
You're still the only one
I hear you say it
But I don't think you understand
I can be trusted now, I swear to you I can
It's been a year
A memory from my past
I know what I did wrong
I wish to change
Just to make it last
But I guess it's been to long
Easy to move on
To forget about it all
Is that what you do, hoping I will be gone
If you got to know me again
Maybe then - maybe then
We could see what we should do
But that's all up to you
I'll be waiting for you
Թ˵ĵţֻʣһI will be waiting for you ûҲ֪һ᲻ȣֵֵõȣ費Ҫȡ
̧֣ͣͷ㶿ҡ㲣վ
׳ˣˡ岻ʣҪˡƣĿˣתҪ¡
վס΢΢ת̫ӡ
һӿϣҼѵ¡
㳪ľʲôһ䶼ûǲϷŪ
Ұסؿڣ²޴⣬̫ŭ
ط˵ûдҵȷʵ̫ƾһڳšҲ԰ɫٲˡ
̫ӣҿȷʵӲʣҪεˣȷģҲġע⵽ҵĲΪҳ
лµлȴһѣڵأһ죬³һѪ
ƴƴסڵϵ֣ýָ⡣˵ǰѾ̵棬̫Σˡ
Ű磬ʮģʮİƱҪ̨ҷסӣֹǡ
ѵسߡСۡ
ФΣСۼæҡ
λүȮӱµҪиˡ̨һȭФһѱұ̨
΢ۣʶ룬ȴǴЦһƯתİɡһȺģӰĵǸҪ뿪ˡ
ұͲôϣʧҲá
۵Ĺâң֣ûȥڻС۱ǰסҵ֡
˵ĺذɣѾʧұͲ󱯴ೢ˸顣
һȺں׽ˣȴ˺Ұ
ɬỬ
һ·˴ţɵĿ΢΢Ӵˣκεطҵļҡ
һɫӰ˳
߽
Фҡ

΢ۣһ˿Цҡͷ̫ˡ
ŷɣҡҡģҴˣԭң
԰׵Цݸȴֻ;طټˡ
Ϊ㣬þһе
ȴû
ߡ΢΢תϷ
ʮĽסң˿֣ҡҡͷ
˫۵ûõģط
ֻҡͷǻں޺Ϳ־塣
΢΢һЦɨӰ
ߣκҲ
ûκγɣ䣬ӰѾʱͰڿ˼ƣʮĻ裬ֲ֧˶õģǴڸ֣κһ
һֱ΢Цһ𶯣ѾȶһߴĻС
Ҫʮ˺
ɨ֣æҲŴ½ڴѳ׾Ű磬ɱǵ̣ɰҪˣԵٻᡱ
˵ϲٿɨһӰС۴ϣߡҪ˸š
Сۣȥļ硱꣬ұ˹ȥ
ڣҪ뿪˰

 63 

ʪϤζſҵıӣǣϤңԶζң
˵£ʹٽʱ򣬻һԼĵĽ䣬ˣңѡҵļأңԶ󣬻ǽߵıӸǣô𰡡
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ʱһ˫ֱ۽ķбһϸСӡ
Цʱǣü⣬һۣɳƮ조СۣѾȫ뿪𣿡
С΢ƣĵͷ۾ǺѪ˿ϧˡ۵Ρ
ǽתͷ⺰һСὫҷ
ʱߴͣЦ롣
һ۹½Σˮˣʮ㣬͸żӲơ
͵ĵͷǿϷˣ
ǣˣҪˡ
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ҲԵݰɣ͹ĵطڴˣʱǷݰϤĸоǴˡ
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΢ɻĿνˮüͷͷȴô¡
Ȼŵľǣӵ飬ǰˣȴ׵ĸңԶҲܰ
¶һ˿ɬĿЦȴֻһ̾Ϣ
˵ĴҴҶӣҲû׼ҺСȥһķֻ֣ڷƮҡеĹ¿ŮӰˡ
һ·ɷü¶ѩһ·Ǿѩɡ
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΢д㶣ɿĶۣ̫ˣūŵıݡ
ҳΡǾ͸ҰɣǱҲˡ˵񾼾ǡ
ˣǶһ̶Ӹŷ𣬾ѾǷ˵ˡ
ǡɻŴ⳵ᡣ
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һθεºܣ֮ˣε˶Դء
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ʵȻԵãʮ㣬˾Ƿ׷𣬱صĽıͬʱҲһԼҲŮӡ
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˿Сˮīͣ޾ʳж˿֡һУңԶľԣ˿һ棬һֱѹеңҵ˼ɾ밲
⻹Ǵɣǰһ̵ã޴룬³һȥļ磬ʵǷȴϳ˽յá
̾޳
˵ǴչʤأôݱˡֵĽֵصĳֹʯС·죬ǸСԵ;ѵõʪϢĿһµٯٯǽĸȪʹġ
ƺؼҾˡ
ϲĺݣʱյĺݡ̰ĿŻʵĽֵǸж
룬һúܺá
ˣջˡδҵĿ˼
գգۣһ̧ͷ㿴ӭ¥֡
СкˣЦϹϾƤȾԽСжӵԵ쳣
΢΢һЦС۵Ĳ̤
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ҾܾС۵ıɴҽҪʵĻţɵĻš
Ŀ̤˵ĲĿһֵĿ־벻ңһȫµҡ
ӱܣؼɻ
ΣˮߴʵӰפұҲİȫУ̹ȻЦ̤ջ
λģòͻסġСϸɤݵ۹һһĴǡ
ҪЦŴ
Сֱͷ
·ҵӲ塣
ŶŶáСִǰС
ԴǱӭ¥ס

 64 

ʵĻʱȴǳӭ¥Ҳס˼£ƽС۽νˮ£κݳǣϸϸ飬ǰĺкβͬ
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ݳ˵ŮƣֻѣȴҲ֮£ò˾֮⣬һ޼˵ŮӶסջһŮıڣҲԵΪ˺档ǽνˮˣвٺ֮Ҫһ̽ˡ
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߱£粽У˭ܵý֣⸸Ůе֮ҲѾͷˣٴҲˡүȻǳ֮ˣǲͬǼƽϣݡ
Ҳָж顣
ôүʲôọ̃ʲô֪ߵغѾͷмＸ
СŮӸմĹأŮе֮СŮҲϣ˲С˹ǡ
ҿܣ⻢үƽŹ˵ģӲȻҪ⺼ݳ⣬˵ǿѹͷߣανء
ɨһۣһЦ
ߣ⻰˵û㣬үˣϼһŮʲôүùͷѵѵǣʲȥ
Сڵϳᡣָӡϧ
ǰӨӨһݡүȻֵĲ죬СŮΪһΪΣ
Ⱥ¶ʱֿ˱үվߵǰۿ־Ҫҵ°ͣľ˱ǶһĸϢ
üŭ⡰
סүһ࣬Ϻ̽ҧг
ӴӵСôţүˣͷװʲôŮ֪ү˭𣬰㡱
빫أȻ¥Ⱦα˼ƽֵò족ɨסС۵֡
߽С۲ǰ棬˵ͣ
ԭǸư͡ЦһƿСۣŭĿӡ
һɫսңҺ˼ͻȻԲɣûعֵӾͱһŸ߷˳ȥ
һȺºӿأ³һѪָǺ޵˵
һ̾ѾܲôˣָСۣϵĸŮ˷𡰺ˣǸ߰ɡ
һ㶿ңֿ˵˵Ļүĸ¥¥϶ʱһ֣󣬲̶̼룬ƽϰһĿɥʧ˲ٵΡ
ָָ㣬ûмֳ棬Ҳв֮ˣ⻢үƽ̫ţҲǽ˿ڶ
һ·Ļصջε̾Ϣⰲ̫ݡŽŲǵĸŮֻҡͷ
С۷ǵڿͷϢˡ
ҲΪԼ˱裬һڡ
ǽɡ̧۳⺰һ
֨ѽһƽ̤һƱ㲻ǽʿļⶼɢȻŭδ
ūųƽรһ
ͷʹؿǣΡǵ׻ж˸ңһˡ
ӡһ
˵ɣ˭ġ
รΪѵĿҡ
ǲǲ£ǾԶһֱ͵͵ˣЩүǲǲҹˣ
ūŲңรϢŭƽͷ
ɫ׵ӡǵôʵ˵
븣ҪΪūţūҲ£รģֻҪȫūǾ
οǣǾʲʲôģƣĻӻ֡ˣȥɡ۲ٿڡ
˵ҲһȺ֮ˣǿΪ֮ȴУϵһǺǣڶǰ֮أ
ŮлСľ֮ţҲ˵Ĵ¡Ůмعڵֱҿͷ
̾˿̧֡ˣдһҲԵݣ⺼ݳҲǴˣкδ㣿
ľʵҲʮӣļ౼ȴʮüˣʵᡣ
С㲻֪ǸŮҲǴɽģԭ⺼ݳ︻ģֿڷԣһ͵Ĵ԰
ˮϧؿߵŮŮһ㶼ûͷˡ
СۺᣬҲǴ顣νˮҲɫ΢΢ضݡ
˼ң˾ȵףֶǲܣҲǹⲻȥҲҪЩС⣬Ǿ͸ҰɣôҲܻǱ
Ůʱۣͷл̧ʵС׼ʲôأ
ҿСۡ׼ׯҲҺˣȱ֡
ѽС㣬˵۲Уׯ۸ŮЩ֪ģ˵ϼɽŮׯͷ¡ŮСׯͷģ־Ҫɽ֣Ҳ䵽زҲС˵Ǹи֡
ҵͷһãׯңͺСһͬһҲͰˡ
˺ﲻŵ̧ͷۿҡС㡭⡭
΢΢һЦУ˭һأԵܽ˴ҵȼü֮ٺòˡҾһˣãҲƴˡ
˻һۣϲ˵ֻͷĵֱġ
ˣܲ髣ǶɣлǡЦЦֱҡͷνˮʾ⡣
ŷŹֱĶ
ȶɫǡ¶㱸ˣһæҲһյ£ȻСһЩҪȽǡɨɨˡ
Ǽƣæֱҡ
һǵļңһҪľӪţҪǳźƷʣЩռ˵СȻҪҪýƣõȥɱմ˵Ĳ֮
ͷ
ڶ˵ǵңӪԼҲѸ˵Ķ˵ˣԼŰ죬ʾ˼ҼȻׯĵãԸץˣΥҵһ˵ıС
С㣬ҰˣлСҵΣԲҹСĺһ
ʲôģһύСۣţַҲԸץ⣬ҵ˼⺼ݳͬһĲǣģС̣ʵڲеģڵﰲ¡
Сĳͷ۵ͬЩҲидһ·ѣ𣬾²
ҲҪһ㣬𣬰ϰ壬޶ˡһпк嵥ΣԻٰ졣Ǽˣɨǡ
˵ͷǡ
һ΢΢һЦˣýˣСۣȥٺãøʲôʲôȥ׼ҵĿˣԽԽá
£ߵֵĽֵ˼ⰵ۾δ·߲źã
˼ףȨ֣⾩ȴ򲻿ɻȥ뵽ǲףǷ˶Ѫ;Σڶ࣬ӦеȴǲȥȷѪ꣬ҶᣬıƣԭеǷͷҲʧֻ޵ʹìܡ
ﲻҵͷϣһеһֻӱܡ
̶̼䣬ΪҶΪҶ˵Ѿ˱ϣʱݴҵֻ޾ĸˣʱ̳ҵ˼һһѡ
ֺγأһȺʱ˵˰ˣɵ˵İԽԽ࣬һܵ£ֻźЩˣҲ뿪ʱˡ
ִ˼۹̣ʼǿ͸𣬲ٶɱ
̾ջתīִʡ

 66 

յæµݱ͵Ŀˡһȫڴ㣬ȻЩ飬һ˴æңұҲˡ
ѽϦĴ죬һϲգձ죬ҲԵʮֵ֣˼ѵŮӽרĵĽ塣
СۺͽˮæĴнҲæòֺ
ϴε¼αղĸߣԲⰲȫ
ҲǲٷƵ飬㲻ΪĻһһ
ʼղҾô֮أҲòǳԶһЩ
һʱԵʮֵæµܳʵԵδʮֵֹۡ
սͷ룬ִɫһһĬ뻭ɸѡһԱϵʱۡ
ᴵī΢Цһſš㲻Ѫ
ϸĵһһſãϸݷ
ˣ⻭ǲЩūſǾЩ죬ЩƲףֻɷǿɰϲˡһ߷Żһɻĳ
ҺǺһЦҲģһĵһʮФֽͨ档󣬷Ƥȡһʮδ޵Сġ
ˣףЩЩʲôûмڶѣȵؿֽϵõ廨޹²ݣˮٺϵʮֻ
бһȻû˼ģִĻִƷ֡
ѡʮִڣдϻǵ֮ࡣЩҲڴʣͷ϶ɡСۺȥӡǲ⣬ɫ
ЩǵտԴ໨ʽ
Σݳﾡ֯ңļҲǴССĸҪӱֻǳʤˡҴһŻ΢Ц
ˣЩøСۣһ죬پһΣȡǰһѾˣôҲ͵ӪôֽЩúõĻҲԹꡱ
ԺӣһĵͷˣʱڣϷĺҲƮѩװعѩء
վԺ𾩳ǵѩ
ˣѩСӣҩҲһˣȺ˰ɡηźûֽųһһ
΢ЦͷһӲִĽΣ߾ȻҲǱģعȻˣӦңϸĵĲС۲οù
΢΢㶵ջߣȲ뷿ڡ
ӹеҩ֭üһ£æݹǡ
Һһֻ£Ī򿪵ҩǹġѵǹûȥЦ
ɻĽӹźá
С۵ҩţҲʵ
¶ѵһЦ˷ģ˶䲻µġ
գգۡ⻰ô˵
ٺЦЦ⣬˵ⷿڿɴЩˣǰͷǲã⽭ˮճ
ĪͣԼǰͷæµֱЦ
ۣһĲţ۹⿴æµĽˮСۣŻȻ
ԭЦ뽭ȻĿϲá
Сɤӡ˰ΣЩǡ
ȻЦЦһۡ˾ܷģԸĵܻܵ˽ģһ·ǿվ飬ϲһʱĳ嶯˵ӵɤҲܷЩˣټȥûġ
οĵͷĪķӻǹЩõģˮ˵ʹӣҩɲ¡С۵ɤҵһĲ
ţū֪ˣͰѻǰͷȥϢɣȥˣЩҲˣӳԲʰϵĻһ㳯ǰͷȥ
ҵͷһԵǰͷϣҲ԰ˡ
ͻȻ˵һ죬һ࿴ŷϾһͷֽͷ
ĴɨǴͷġžʹ𳤼
Ȼֽͷŵ̿š
бһֳͷһ߿ѩ˼ǧ
û뵽һ˵Ŀ졣
ǰЩӵĵǻˡ
Ϧµʱ䣬Ԫڻһ£ӦǵȵüһɡҪȶſߡ
̿Ȼʧֽɻ˭ҪϢأΪʲôҪϢأǾˣӦǲϣ֪ŶԡʱȥӦء
ȷǹܲôˣϢǼ٣Ǻ⣬ܣȷҪˡ
֪ʮĲһ֮ߵǲס
Ҫ˰̧ۿ׷ɵĴѩ
ҹͻȻֻܱһƬȻ䲻֪δ
ԼһƬ½˼ʵ磬ţҹžϢ˱ǶǰԺ巿ĵƹ⣬̤ѩǰȥ
ĹһмΧһ̿𣬲ʱĽͷӶС۲ָָֻţԵɲ˷ܣ΢΢һЦɡ
ˮһԴſ˯ͷһһ䣬ȻƣСתͷϧһЦΪһܰ
żʧţ˵ƽһУȻҸжᡣҵߵˣû˿ƽĵκȤƬС֮أȻҵعȤи֣ȴҲĵķӯһȺֲĵȱ
÷Ҳ˲õһЩƽ
С㣬ôˣ̧Сȿҡݼž
Сæҽš
΢Ц߽ʰϵİƷһһСæӹ
ҵͷ³УȷʵҵĻϣһһʮֵĺ;ŵļרĵһһţ
ȻԵòôʱգҲоӢˡ
ź̧ͷϾҪϦٶȻǸϲһˣôܷء
С㣬ôˣòãﵣǵĿҡ
ҡҡͷúܺã꽻Һܷġ
ٶ̫ˣʣµʣµĲˣЩţǶΧҽһµ巨ҲҪȸϳһȶҲŰġҽӹϵߣʰһֺĽ
СӣһĲ졣
ɣˣ巨򵥺ѧٶҲЩɵƽʱʱãǵ巨Ҳ£ϾҲǾϸЩ־ϲƫϡ
κͰʱҲҿһۣʾһԡ
Ұʮķǣ̱һƻҶӰϣԵʮСøһȥ
ǿǳļ򵥣ҪߺɫҪúãҪߣˡ巨ȽŵĹЩϺõľµƷֹ֣ͣˡ
һĲ˼飬෭򵥼뼸߱ɵĻۿңǾĽ
һƣǰӹ¿һۣ΢
С㣬һôû巨ˡ
ЦŰڰ֡ûʲôģЩЩСϲ˶̨棬ҪǻҪԭȵ巨̳кãЩƽʱЩƷȥҪǻҪã⼸Ҷ໭Щ塱
С㣬ףСڣû·³񲼣޸иŵ
ҽ磬ۣϾҸ°
ˣνˮЩø˵һ˵ҳ̧ͷɨǡ
ȴǸӵĿңɫºһ˵ݵģ
ҪŪ̫ӡҽһš
ɤӣɨһȦǼģҲΣؿҡ
տˣ̧ۿˡ
ӣҵͷ
ҵͷֻаµʱˡ
⸴ҾͽˣҪӪĴССɵÿˡصس˵
һľ㶣ſţңתֿνˮЩ̿֡
С㣬ɷˣڣǲ
һأҪվ
˵ꡱҿһۣ侲ס
˵£Щ飬Կһ¡
һС㾡˵һӡ
ҵͷһǸгȥƷ۴СҪͳһı־еƷҪ֤ϳˣȥơ
ͬĵͷ
ڶÿһʮ壬Ҫ񣬲Ϊѷ죬ȫ嶼ֹͣĻƣ⡱
һһۡСǺĳͶء
һֱֱֱңһ
ұͷ豭һڡ˼ҳҲܹٸ˼ҵİۺ䣬ǸݲܽǷ׳չһҪƽ׽ˣͯŲۣ˲ֹأһͬ˶Դɼסˣ
һķģɨǡҲδѣµıǷ°
ˢˢվɫСģС㲻ᣬҲԵע⡱
ˣ°ɣ£Ҿ˵ЩҶ˶٣ˮ
ˮҿҲЩ۸ģͰЩģѧ㶫ĶӣĵıСۣһҲͰˡԴɸһƬ⣬ܴӦ𣿡
ˮΣ΢죬ЩŤĵͷ
Цϲ£ûʲôñŤģͽ޸ĸСҲͼʧɢˣ׮£ҾͰǶ㿴ɺã
ˮһɨմӵķ緶Щɬ࿳ȫƾ
뽭ΰһۣǳЦ
áһ֡
ȴˮһ
ȻĻɫεΣ׮£ɵúúϣЩģ֪𣿡
ˣǡȴԥѣɲҡ
νˮǼȻˣȻߵһ޹ϸһжǶĹӣ̫ࡱҺīӽǶˣһһٵ˵
ˣҵİأЩļȭ
бһۡ㣿æͷ
иҪҪ㡣
˾ܷԸ
ɨɨǰԺССİȫͽˣ㲻ܳһΣˮֲҪ֪˫ȭѵ֣⺼ݳҲǴ˲ű򲻿ɳ嶯£̣ЩЩҪ㡱
ǣæصͷ
С㣬ЩǲɻҡѵС뿪ͷ𣿡
һνˮʱվһء
Ҿûû
βŵѾҹˣȥϢͷ黹Ǿľˣ⼸ղҪңЩҪϡƣ볯ǻӻ֡
˲һۣ˳ȥ̾һ
ȥû𣿡ɨӰЩá
ˣֵˡ
ұۡΣˮһжѾҺοֻһıزаӿɹҲǳ˵һ·СǵҲ˵ã̶̲£Ǳҵ
ǺĶˡ
̾ϢһѾ⣬κˣһҸطҲЩǴӴ˱κˣúùӣһжơ
ˣһˣôģūŶϲΪԼİ÷˲ˡνˮȳǲԸ벻š
סڣĿ纮ֹ
֪ǵ⣬ǳ嶯ܽһǻѪܻȫҽ˵һжϸϸ˼ġ
תǣĿῴ
һ·źδ񿴵ҲΪЩ£Щ˵ǶôҪ֪ҲܹҪǴҹøãΪõ顱
νˮɻңӡ˵ʲôȴһԡ
Ȼǡ֪ڵʲôЩȫûбҪͬǽҲһΣӦÿԿǲûж⣬ͬһڱҵȫ
ǲǣѯʵؿǡ
ǲԸҲ΢΢ͷ
ǵ£Ժ󲻱ز֡ûǣǷĴ󵨵ĺͰøݣ˵һŵĵط

ҶΡΣ⣬ˣ뿴ܹƽĹӣҪǣ⸴ӵĹϵŲҲó⣬ĵĻͲҪˡ
γƤǰһЩڡˣūһĻȫ޶ģ
ȻһЦΣ˵㻹̫ŰˣôᲢۣ֮ҽյĻǰͷһȺˣҪһǡ
ãĵͷ
ˣҵĻǻȥú룬⼸ǶǰͷæȥϾǳϦðʲôȥð죬ϲȥҲֵùˣǳȥɣ⼸հҩͷ˰Ҫҡ
̸ڵҹɫҴǷǻӻ֡
鷿ȹʾԺһЩʮͼҪܵĶ໭һЩһҲûʱ͵ط
һʮ巨Ѿ㹻עĿˣҡĸδغáٻͨ͹羰Ļˡ
ýȥռһЩñȽϺõɽˮ񻭡û޸һ£ЩӰʹһЩʡЩҲܷϴڵ۹⡣
СǴĸ֣ʮһ㼴ͨգѾˡ
һǰȫͼаԶндСƥƥ۷ˣפվǳ̲΢ţ˻У²ʱмĽʯˮˮĺˣƺĺӰʮֵҪԾʮ㡣ɫ࣬Ҫ幤һ˿һ壬Ƿݷ뾪İ⾳ʮֵı档
һӭɣڶշʯϣɽӲһ÷׿Խֱ֦ͦչFװڵԶɽͦȻͼҲϷһ̫̫ƽʱðģԾȻʺ죬ԶɽУ̵һƬƣ죬ִΨ֮һ
ǰɫңˣ⾳ʮ㡣˻ζ
Ǻͼڵĺ£ֻ࣬С쳩Σ΢յ˫ϣ뻡ԲʾȻԵõ̬ĺˮΪһ壬ͷιһȺС㣬ɫ죬ҲһɺмƮҡĺݣ·һɫ죬ɫĶĺ׻ɫˮҡҷвʱðˮ飬Ө͸
ɫĶ࣬ΪȫСûмĶͻݣѶȣһָ㣬á
ýľͼֽ˵ĹڸݵϷһűԿ
̾ôƷôͳ巨Ļûʮ¿϶ǲеġ
˷ܵĹƷҲ˵꣬Ҫ׼Źˡ

 67 

С㣬ͷأ
ͣëʣ̧ͷڵ˭Ұ
Եþˬ⼸յ껹δţѵ
˵Ǵ̸ģС㣬ⴵ̸ʲôط
΢΢һЦֽʣϸŵһߡɡ
СǴ̸Сӣȥһˣ֪С㷽𣿡
һССһҵ
̣üⲻǸջû
֪ʲô𣿡
СץץͷһĲڣԵʮֵɬС˾Ͳ֪ˣ¥ǲ̫أСϴΰһѣ̰ɡϧ¥ֵطٹβ֪ʲôˡ
Цŵͷˣ֪ˣ˵ʲôʱ𣿡
˵⼸ڵģҲûʲôţСɶʱȥСֱ㶿ҳԵЩ޴롣
ͷɣѩһ˵Ҳסҽȥ
ɫ⺼ݳҲ˶ˣʮѾ·˰ɣ΢΢ֽ̯̾ī
ﻹаĵط˷ˡţұЦЦҡҡͷִרĻ
ˣúҩˡζҩһδͣʣҵĶ
ղ˵ûˣεķ±ʡ
ݸңұһڱȥӹǣྡྷȥѵϣ΢
Ŵƺҩ֭Ѳ˸ϵˡ
ȻһߣҲǱġ
εǵĿң΢΢һЦĹóһš
ΣҪţõŵʱ
缸ǰѾд˵ģɫŷ£дʮĵױš
ҪҪȫԼ⣬Щң嶯ӣһʱ߳ŭǡ
ѵǾ⼸졭γɵĽӹš񶨶ҡ
һ֪⣬Ȼ˵ٶ࣬ǷݵĻǷŲ
ΣԼ£ȻΪԼã㲻̫ˣĸִӣ̫и˵·ҪߣԼϵģҪһ㡱
ҵȴӲҰգϣǿԣӵŴʼʼΪ˶Ͱ꣬εӡѾӳʹˣһжӰ쵽ˣﲻڣǽҺºͲԵ̫࣬ûǷݲпᡣ
Ҳ̼ʶˣѱҲʶģֻһ㣬һ
ʮĵ»鳹״ҵһҳϣﲻֹΪҲΪǷ봿棬ǼģʱиС
Ҳǳĺ£ȻȻһԱԭð˵ӱҲգҲգͨҲգ֮ҶȻǲȥ
ᶨؿشΪǷѣұߣ߳Լ·ݷţìܡ
Ҳòˣ̸һЦðɣׯ⻹δʼȵΪ׬һʣ㾭Ӫ˳ҲܶάЩʱ취
ΪģҾȥҲ÷ĵˡ
պ
ʰûֽᱧ巿յϢҲˣֲֻ࣬ԼЩ
ǼҽкԹæȥˣֻ֪ҪߵˣЩؿҡʱҹǷĵţҰҹȥɡ
ֻǼҲδκζȴԵʮֵƣ롣
Ҳûа취飬ǴԼһ˾ߵģûдȷʵҹʱǰǣҲһǵľһ
ܲ˱ϣʹ档С۵ĸᡣδڴµ˵ĳʵЩõӡҵаɡ
˵ʮ嵽ݣȴðȵһգҲ⼸ˡ
ҿΣķ»ֽǰȥǴյһ顣
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Ҵۣƽ͵ƽԼ΢ҵ˼

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ҵͷ߰ɡ

 70 

ϣꡱ
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ʮģϱȷʵòѹ㼸޼㣬ˣ
ߵлʰ꣬һγȫ ط
͵ĳطͷţ⼸ĲĲ񽻸㣬ɵúúðˣҲĽͣǧʧ
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Ҷ׳ŵʻϣƺ쳾ҪҳΣ
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ձۣҿŭɫȴò죬һ΢΢̧ͷȴֻü
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Źڵأþò֮ҵء
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Ȼܽݶң֤ʮĻŸ֮ģҲԸȥúĻر̫ġ
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ʱİ˰磬ŰطԵøӵΣղǡ
еĶѵʷؼһĻģط翵Ԥϣ
죬ʼҵһж˸ӷң˷롣ټ٣Сʾ֭δܲ͸֡
ûԭ뵽ģΪλ뿪ʹǺָʹҲδ׷飬ȴֻδᡣδԵ̫ݡ
طȴҲδʣҸӰ˼⣬;ǧֽʣȴǰҲòϣط͵ͷһУ̫ҺͿˡղڿǰطһȻ˵ƣֱһС
طȻҲǲһˡôһһġ
ǰһ͸ȴסʱʱĻš
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ֻ;ȴѾ˵ġ

 71 

ǰǣ½ǰӭݣֻǶߵúֵתһ·羰⼸Եʮֵƣ룬Ҫһ㣬̫ҽ鲻۱
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ЦżǵˣʮܣҲѾ𣬴˺Ҳûˡ
ʱ˷ط»ȴҴϿطʧɬ봿̤ʵʹˣ˿ʡĵģط»еһˣôǷĻǷݼƽϣǷݹǣֻʣڡ
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ڷ죬û˳밢ǵĶ顣
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˻ͷҵԵһ㶣ҵɨǣ΢΢һЦƽһһǴк
ãδˣԽˡ
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ȴˣǸ̸̸ŶĿһ¸Ŀɰ˰ɡ
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ЦЦ˵ЦˣֻǶе죬ûǺģ죬ҲҪ೯ߡ
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ΪҪҶݣһ죬Ҷ϶ջɣȹﶬټʶ˵ţϢ
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ô˵Ҳ˳ʶΪˣֺ طGһ۵
ɨһۣһԣ΢һ
֪Ŀɲٰһ·ƣ֪һʼˣʮЦƳơ
ʮ磬ϴˤò𣿡ʮĳЦ
ˡʮȻһš
ԭˣѹֵôС尢ȡЦ
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Ǵ帣ǣĸϲӢ˲ģͲˣֻźָġ΢΢һЦ
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˵˵ЦЦ·ҲԵɷǶݣһɵطٹزΰʱйҲǰˡ
ʺԶɽ̫䣬תۼ

 72 

йݵĻ԰ɢȴһƧ䷢һôķаʷ֦ïʢʵʵǼסһƬ죬߽̤ϺʵĺҶʣֱ⻨͵عϼȦ
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˰磬ҪǷһˡ

 73 

һóóΣֲ嵽˯ȥǻȥ
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Цһ˿
һƮƮȥӰһȵϡ
ء
Ҳ
һЦĪԴġ
ѵˣҲ»ȪǿЦ
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øĥ⡱ҷ̳Ҳףȷһߣôֻֻӥء
ֻص̾Ϣ
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ô˵źã֪ʴֱȥôĻᣬҲգƣʲôˣۡʮ߶ĳסҡ
ʮܣ㡭Ҳ⿴Ľ𣿡ҿİļ򣬳Ƥֱ뷢Ц
֮У˭һء
ʮһӡ˵Щ̧һ¡
ҴۿϥСеĺʵ桰ʮܣǺο֪࣬ˣҪǣߡ
ɵˣˣ˰ҹˣٹȥȻ𣿻ʰֻһʱߣûˣ㿴㣬ʱ˵Ҵô˳嶯
ҳЦЦΪ
ڵĶҪˣҪĸ絲̨ǡ
ꡭ˵ˣҿҵס̧ͷһۡ
ʮ޿κεֹסֱҡͷ
ط»֪֪ĺҵܵܣҺУϤаȫУ̤ʵ⹬ÿ˶׽ҵ׸ȥǣҴͲǵͬ˵Ļ𣿡
˵ţʱͬʱͣ˼ԶƮ
ţ㵱ʱһγ̿ӣֱ㶵Ŀ棬˵ϣһֱȥҪͣҲҪͷʮͷ
̾ϢһǰһֱҵԸһֱڹţΪҲܹһУСͷӲʮķ׷ţ﹬⣬תתǻصط»ңһǹԹԻˣ

ЦˣǲǣҲԸţҵȫңһб٣òУʱҷֲ塣ʹȴʱʱ棬ûһ¡
Դϣʮǰ˷ȥЩûףһĲֺαأнģѰֻԼˡ
ҿЦһҡҡͷ
̸ס
֪ෳ࣬һ򵥵ƽˣһУ㳬ҵԤϺգֻ·䡣
ʮܣлл˵ỰöˣȥɣƣӶʪˡҷ̧ͷ
ӻҡ
ЦЦͷȥ·Ҳһعֶ߶ҡ
عˣҲҸߣҶҲʱء
ҵͷ
Ųĵȥ
ҹҲܾˣ磬Ȧסϥǡ
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˯ߵֻҡ
һүǷ̫࣬ңҲǷ໹Ҳծ
ҡӣŽ׵ɫоѵõ峿
ʣ ͷԣƤϥɪɪԭ賿ǰǷݺڰ뺮䣬ƳĬֱǶʱ⣬ԭ˵Ѱʶŵһ̣ƣҹìܣӭӵģôů͵̫
һůļס³ӣƤֹĺϣ̾һΪԳŵ̫ƽߣǣֳڰ

 74 

طȥȪ˸硱ۿʮġ
Ӻȥ
ҷطҷȥɣһҲ¡ҼٵĿ
ѹҵӣüͷʰһǼҲ㰲ţͬһȥ
ʹҡͷ̩ţȥȪһյ·̣˵ʪЩȪҲ⼸պᾭʱһͬع
תͷܣһʱҲٴȥѹֱš
ʮĵͷڰרעôʡģҵ⼸ղ֪ٴζҪŵÿҪγ̾һ
ҶݵĿָ̧㲡طһӾǱԼۣһҲˣҲΪʲôһ뿪ԭǷǷǣڰ׶Դ֪ⲻˣҲܲˣȴҲû취֮Ųʣעҵı磻طߣӣʲôҲԸ֪ʲôҲԸ⿴һһ䣬
ʮۣẬסҵָҪô˵źãô뿪ң뿪ǵĶӣҹʲôӣû㣬ҵŬҵȤ
ת飬ŸɬĴ꣬οһЦȴֻ˺Ѱۡ
طһôûĶȤÿʶңһʹĻ䡣
ҵ֣Ҵѣüܽȥͬʰһ˵ؾţ𾡺˼룬ţ
Ҹмĳͷһۡ
̩һ·ܳһȪɸ˻ţ֪𣿡ʮĹҵ磬
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үģūһƽͲร̩ȭһʮװ
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ҵͷӹСñס˫
һſڻӣǧ۽ᡣ
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ҡ
ҲᡱҲδ̧ͷ 

С·ľͷȻ˵ҵУǴδйκηֱ𣬶ҵ˺ѣҲδ֣ҳ嶯ģҲֻǷݼѵꡱ
ȻһЦĲʺʹƮ
Ҵ۵ͷǣȴӲ˶٣̧ͷȻһЦŸ磬㻹һߡ
һҲЦһ£ȴ޾Ŀɬ
Ĭ̤һȴĳǰ룬Ҳǲܳ嶯ˣλʰǶ⿪ѵʲôˣΪѵ鲻٣ܼΣҡ
ͣңһһܸıʲô෴ֻ˵ģ˵ֻһôֺαȥǷݴˣ
ĿĿתĿȻתߣãȻѵˣ
ΣǶ֪⣬㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˵·Լߵģ𣿡
תͷĲң
οЦЦͷ
ãҲգգۣȻɬƤЦһ
ءѾ֪˰ɡͻȻǿʵ
ļ³ҽֱȻͷ
㡱Ű֧֧ԵΪɬ
һȻĿĲδȾȪȴҲĴ̣ÿÿʮģâڱֲڡֽŷδҲǸط
𣿡Ҳס˵񣬵
꣬ͱӻظԴţǡ
Ű粻ɨҡǸ鲻ó
̧ͷŭӣıݺݻ
ȻǱһ
ҡҵġ
ԵûȻһЦֿ죬ЦֻǴչ˶ѣ㻹Ķ˭ҲߵġΪҵķӦС
ãֻ΢΢ҡͷǲ׵ģҵʹͼƽϣҵĿ־ͲҵɷѾȫȻˣҵĺӣŹ𣿲ҵģʮ໳̥£ҵģ˭ҲֻܺҶ
ľҵģֽʲô
Ÿ磬ȥɡ
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ҵͷ
תͷǲطһ̷ǽʣ
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üȥһ̤ǰ档
ӶǴط
ЩϵЩìܣô
ˣ̧죬겻˰һжʲôˡ
ܻصǰ
ٽҷﳯ̩֡Ҫңں߸žС

ʲô߼

ҲҪĶ
ߣҽ㿴˵һĴ䲻
ĳǾΥĴώӹȴ֪δʡ
Ǹ˵ллʹһ١
˵ʡ
ϣŤ𷽡
˲˰ɡòŵ
ԳЦźδҵҵͷϡ
΢΢ڣ죬ȴδһʡ
֮䣬κʣìܣޣѾ塣
ģһҲһѣڤ˲ڵķңձ
ҷȰһ䣬ҪƵ飬򡭡
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ȥ̸һ£ȴֻ¡
̫Ϊǣ̫ԲúҵĻĵң
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ҡҡͷ˦һͷ죬˫סͷ˻߽һҿҪˡ
Ҫһĥˣ
ޣˢˢɱȥļµĳơ
һ·ۣ̩һֱδܸϣҪ˺ѰۣͷƱɢ˼Ƶġ
ร㣡Σգ̩ںʧɫߺ
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ȪйǰһǺ׳ۣƣһʮĴССĹ
ҲԵʪůͶˣйɽˮ߰ǽ羰յĲڴȴټ̶̵ľ룬ȴ˵ر˸иš
йƽʱҲǿѲľԣ;ϢĵطȴҲ˵ĺɡ𳩴԰Ͻǣ֪˶ٵ⾳;¡
ޱȣʱӴɢƴйΪ˿ľҲвٵӰڽŵų
ʱʱӰ
ۼģһᣬ漣Щο
һ·͵ס̩ĴøС̫ȥҰ˰磬ЩȥϢ
̩ԥһ󣬻ǵͷ̷Ըһȥš
ͣתͷ̩ѾҪˣȥŰɡôҶúϢһ
รүڵϢ
ü̾㰲ȥһ·Ҷˣȥɡ
รūȥϴһȥүɡϼѯʵ
ļ֪˰ĲΣĳǵͷ
ūߵʮĲรร飡ҿ͵̫࣬ô̫꣬ıִϸƣȴûϳ
ԭǳ¹ร¹ǸйСġ̩Ȼǰȭ
¹һ뿴үҵסͽŰɡ
乧ūȥţรȸū׵ū˴ȥү
һԵС̫࣬һ·͵йú;ɫȣ·԰йǣһ·һЩСõȪðˮһˮ˿ﶬӰ
ұõĽ͵С䣬ͬԷʮֵСҾ£򿪷űǼɽ뻨԰Ժ룬һСȪۣ峺ðˮ˳һˮһСǣˮ峺ףǻЩ򣬻ЩصС档εʮֵĻ졣
ѿð춼ð죬йŮ̫ྡǴӾǵܳκβ
ԡһϼϸİҸɷĵİŪϵϸδЩ
Եʮֵů˯߹ŴӲһ븮ڴ¶˴ޱһϰһֱϼȻҲǱϸĸ֪һݣʰ׵ȴӹһʵޱϸϸĵڴϣϸ档
βϼŷ棬ˣ˰ɻ𣿲֪Ϊʲôһ뵽ʱֹ˵ᣬϸϸ壬ţһ㾧Ө͸ӣδƢһ˵Ķţ
ϸȴֲͬʮӲɽ¶ˮһжƽˮºͶ޺ʮʱ¿Ũ飬ʱʮֵ鶯ĬȤ͸ǹɷ
ֳһ棬£վڸ߸ߵɽ£פңԶǸɾᣬȴ͸޵ĶУƮƮҪȥһʮŨʱ𣬵ʱˮ
˰磬ȴľɽУٵĸŷʿ͸ʵĲʹ˿ͬɽˮΪһ壬Ǹɽˮζʮ㡣ʱ͸Ƿء
Ҳ֪ǲǾȷʵûм
ѺɣľỬ£Щ磬˿˿˿ɢճҵϼæָȥϸϸ
ɣĽϱⷽĽǶȣ׹ڱⷽһƾա
һӨϸС鴮ӹǰڷ̶һ˿˿ͷԡ
С裬β״
ֹסǦֻۣ΢΢Ĩһ࣬֬⻬ϸ͸Ѳκױ硣
ͷʳָĹ
Ȼ˵īị̄ĵ⣬ܴﶬһ˿˿δ
ְֺ޵ĶһССζѣοˣοŵӵĻʹء
βϼϵۣΧС׽̤ϻЬ
δͻȻĸ߶ȣһɲǵѣĿסͷ׹졣
ϼš𣿡
һС̫æһԴ˳ūСӼรร顱
С̤ţֵݸϼСӣȥ˱ա

 75 

һ·߹ӣת˼ȦһԺӣ̧ͷһ˪÷
ǧ˪ѩܾĥۡ
Ӳ벻¡Ǵ
ӰҲ֪Ω¡
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סͷ̤ȥ
СͷѹūСӼรร顱
ҵͷǻӻ֡
ƿš
᣼䣬Ӯ޹翵һǰ֮ɫˣ񣬷棬ݹİ˰ۿʱʪ󣬱ʹ˿ŴϺˡ
߽˫΢΢߽ϴأ԰׵ЩɫԲݣȻһأţȻ£˫΢š
⻹ǸƵ𣬻Ǹ٩٩̸ǻӱ𣿻Ǹݹ
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ֽȥͷǵϸᴥͷȴֻǷ
ӣǷʹϸҴñӡ
ͷЩ΢΢ķΣͷһⴰȴǹصøʵʵﻹŻҡҡͷ̫ҽǸʲôԵģƿڴսǵĴһǣз磬Ҳϡ
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˰綯˶ӣʵĿ˿ͷ
֪˸磬ûرӣ
˰ת۾룬ͻȻۡţǵǰһСֵܳһ׸裬һлᣬһΡ
ɻŶһ
ңźҲˣ˼ʧһҹΣ޼գ
˸磬֪ʲôӣҲһأ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôӣ˵ĸ衱
һȻ򡰰˸磬ĺӣ
۵ϣǲϣ
Сĵ˸磬ҲһӣҪҪ
ۣǳһЦǺǣҲˣҲˣð㳪
еıӣųһţעˮһעһã
ʲô˰ɻҵľٶ
̧ʾҪ
һôǲˡSHOULD IT MATTER׸Ƚϼ򵥣ҲȽ͡
һӣڱ룬̧ͷ˰磬Ц˸磬ඡ
˰üʾҿʼ
һһһֻӴŽģڱӼôš
ţϵĽר׸豾Ůģλ˱⾳ЧҪʱúܶࡣ˵׸裬ܺܺϣʱֻһʱииţ㳪ֳԵͣɾ泩
SHOULD IT MATTERʾͲٷһˣǰЩνУ
˰ʱһңۣţָҲϴء
ͣ½ģһ䡣
˰Ҳۡ
ͻصϴģûһ䡱
һۣĴ治ǸǵҮⶼˡ
ȷʵˣճ׸裬ȷ©ǾI will be waiting for you
ֻǵʱȻҲδҪҪҪҪһֱ
һҹ˰˯ʮְȣҴߺ뿪
ڣӹв֪Լȴûг͡
ҡҡͷ֣ױǰһķ첻סŹǷ
รԵ㶫ɣҹˣҪϢȴǲϼŽ
Ҷʱ˫۷ʳ̴ڳ
Ȼ׳󣬳Ҳر㡣ֱٺ佱һ١
ϼ΢Ц󣬰׼ԡ
һд׵ʵıѡ
˸ŵĴ˸ĴǷߡ
ΪԼеǷεļ٣һҹõߡ
ҳѣһæ𴲣ϼһȥ
æµһͺȥҰ˰磬ʳǲġ
ô磬Ϣú𣿡Ȼ˰𴲣ˮ
ҷʳֺУۣʵȻ˯úðȪˣ¶УҲ֪˯öã죬 һ͡
Ҫͬһԣ̧ͷЩֿҡ
ҵͷݹӸȻǵȻҪһȥɽߣ㲻ﰡҪЩʵĿźá
᲻̫ۣԺҪˣ˯ᡱ˰˵ûٿܣڳ
Щ񣬿θҲЩʱ泩
ûµģأⲻòȪҲ뵽ߣûٻأ
˰Цſңû
Сӣⴰɲصʵʵˣڲߴ򿪵ڿͨܺ¿࣬
˰ס죬ҪЦЦңֻͨͨû
ڨЦεͷ࣬ҪЦЦ˫΢΢ҡεͶˡ
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˰ĶˣЦֲ֮տɽ֣ûƺ͹أҶģֵֻһ̡
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˰紷أЦֱָۣңӲҡΡģ㵽׻жپϲ
ܽס˳üˣǻʲôϲ
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ιιⲽǲʲôݾҳ°ͣҷŲ
˰ۣϣ°ͣºЦˣǻʲô塱
Ҫڣ;˻֣˫ֳ°ͣε˸磬֪ҾͲˣڣʦ²ˡ
˰תָеӡǽʤ㲻øеھΡ
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㡭㡭˰޿κεָҡ
ҼǵóѵĵбЦţתŽָ
үְҩˡ
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ŭĿɪɪĹ̨أܡ

ҽӹ룬ֱĵݵ˰¡
ףʲô
ҷ룬һ˸粻ϲҩ¿ֻ࣬ˣҩɳ״ɣӣһƤİɣһࡱ
ǰүͳ°ɣְѾԹˡ̨ؿ
ãʱҩʱȳҩʱĿ״žó˿ڶ
˰üӹҩšһϲ
Ҷ˹ˮݸǱƳľϲȨ㡱
Цһͷȥ
һ㶼ɣء
һ֪࣬Ӷҩȫ¡
ˣˣͰ̵ķӣҩүԡҽӹݸ̨ص
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ԭ˼ϸİ˰糪ԭҲǿˡ
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ЦЦЦ
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˵Ŀ˵ĺƴ˵ңУԵ˵С
ڣһ˽һ˴ҡֻټڣٴ򷭡
Զңңڡ

 76 

˸磬㡱ֵҡεʮֲ˳ʱһȦ
˰һֿ棬ɻҡ
˸磬ǰҲܶˣҵݹҾûɰ˸ղصĺá
˰۹⣬ϢţӹţţĹȻʧܽü
ұ΢΢תͷգգۣͷü
ڶʱһųƣҲӲһʵʵϸ
˶ƿСڵӣԽľɫͻͻ־Ұһҵģ˫ȷֻ˺ܿӿ
˰üɺš
ҾػȻһ롣
ֱһ򣬶˶졣
ȻתͷۣķſקýӣָѾճӡ
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˰˫Ŀ̶΢ųͷתеİָ˼
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ƲƣҴһοɺãʮľˬ̿ӣ˫峺⡣
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ȥɣ⳵ҡεȷǲҲϢһ¡˰º͵ʮĶĿͷ
ӣסͷţֵݸʮġ
ֱججʮǰ棬ӿķ羰
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ʮİŨ͸ڴüӹִͷһ֣漴תߣ
Ӧϲģʺ㡱ʮһ§ҵһֲʱߣļ
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ﷳ
ΪʲôΪηΪβΪʲôûһ
طǵ»ҹͬ˵Ļ𣿡סҲõܡ
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սͷçײͽ˼Ƕ࣬İ㡭ʳǾǰ໰ɻѿڶԲʳһ䡣
Ƕ㣬ҶϲһǵҲ˵㣬Ҷ޷ӱܡʮЦ°ʹҵͷ
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Ϊһϲ𣿡
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סڣҲҲתۡλΪ˴ҵһУҲٹܡ
оʲôƵ·ˣĲ鲻Ը޸㣬źҶԣγǣķݣһУңңңң峺͸ҳ̤ʵĳҳװҲԼģĵʱţҵõŵ㡣
Ϊʧǣʬ絶޲ôܹͷһУӭĴ顣
֤۵һ̣ӴԶ߸߷ɣмΪǷݰԸȥԣȰҵ㣬ԸǶôĹȥгɳ
ҵĶթıƣãѪȲпᣬ͸ӵȦ㣬ԶҰȫȻյ֮ΪǿųеģһҪҵġ
Ҳ嶯Ҳ֣Ҳϸ壬ҲᣬһеҿǶôĿɹʵܰյͰ顣
㣬ңдϡ
һʧ⣬ǽѣʹ࣬տģţҼţⲢǣǣעҪһģҴԽ꣬ΪˣҲ֪మȹ꣬ɹʧܣҶԸʿ빲벻
ҼңֻҪٵһʱ䣬ֻҪһ㣬Ҿͻ᲻һͶ㻳ʲôҲܣʲôҲˣֻٿҵ㡣
ǲһ
ҵĲƽĹãԱӵͨԵ˵ļѺʹ
طʣʣʲô
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͵ذסΪ֣۵ʲôҪŵ
תͷ̧丧ȥۡûõģֺñ֤
ʮĳ̾һʼղ˽㣬ǰң㲻ϲڡ㻹һģңôġ
ΪģԶ
ץͷ㵱ʱȷʵǲԸż޸ңҲںֻҪʱ䣬ֻҪһһı뷨ֱǵĺӳҵĲ䶨ǣվˣһ߾꣬θ룿
뱨𣿡
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ү񣬿ʣָƽ͡
̧ۿδüĿ࣬ӸӲЩֱͦ޳վһɢ˫ͨ죬ֺܽĺ죬ǶҲңѹҲһĹҪЩЩ˫鶯Ĺ⣬һһ£ֱ
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𶯣һ·ߵӳԲϴطϢ
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Եƽ࣬ɨһۡô˵ģ㲻ŰɡȴԵôˡĸҲǻӷԽԽ졣
Ǻȴһԣޱһһ³鶯˿
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һӿСѾͷ߳ŵСԲԲȴŰƤ۾ں峺ʱȴԵЩӵĿҡŻҰ׳ۣһʵʯӣŶ׺ůñԲཱུվɷǿɰ
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ĽŲ

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ײײû˷磬Ҳˡ
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ڳƤЦˡ
ط㲻ףԶҲס
İֻռкǿطһֻҪҪһҪõܱ˵Ըֻ˳Լİ飬̫̫̫ʹ
ҲΪطŻʧȥȻҿʼΪĴųǿЦʮǰңԹһУʼջ֪֪١
˵ףҲǸݡ
ˣôãôطȴԶĵˡõļͱء
طڵ׻жٴİΪεڣֻĺޣĲʣҵ˺ף⼸귢ʲôΪʲôҪ
񣬸ֻҵĴˣҲһϸӣȴҪŬҪһϸĶ
Ҳġ

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ڶһ磬ʮıָŸԭȵԺӣסҲˣҪҲһʱ¡
ҵǷǵҪסԺӲɣɼȻϲҪסȻǺá
һδߣ飬˼ţӵ׸ιȥʮһգۣѾˡ
Ժ˯һᣬһ̧ۣϼſڵСϴſ˯һһģòƣ
ӣ˴
ѲϼΪװһ鷿ǰأת˼Ȧǹ⻬ľ׮ʮ⼸ȷʵû͵Ӳ֪׳ʵ˶ٱҲࡣ
뵱꽭ƽ֣켸رѲУҲ뵱С
һѹȴͻѹҧҧ˫ְ
ϼü𹭣ŽӼ
ѽรҪʲôѽǧˡϼæҪ¹
ƿ֣ҧĸĸģҵ
ϼһĲŵӣȴҵϣڼͲ﷭ңջεһ֧
รүֻ֣
бһۣȷʵܴ֧ҲᣬǻʵսĶ
Ҵü
ֱǼӲʹ˳̵Ҳֻ֮һϼһЦҧŴҡ
ҺݺݵһۣȫĹעֱʹϣ֮һá
ʵҾö֮һѾǳĲģҿ֮һͱõõĽˣȣȥӦҲܵҵġ
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ۺ߿ֻм֮ңĳ˫ձƳһ糺죬ߺ޵ˤ¹
⡭ûг緹ûá˦˦һľ׮ʹ
ǣǣū͸緹ȥϼһȻĵĵͷ˳ȥ
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ұŢ̌㶯ֽţɽǰˡ
ЦЦߵԱߣͷʰ𹭼˿վһԡ
ҵҲȤÿҲ֡˵ţ߰ڿȡ
ǣҫ𣿺ǣȻ֪ʮĵ鷿ɸ︣ģοÿء
üɨһۣŴ죬ϡ
ģȻһ⡭⡭ء
ҳ鴤ǣץľ׮
ȴ˿⣬ۿǰһ˼תżǺԲϲѡ
ѹһӸԱߵѾͷͶ㣬Է緶ɴ䡣
Ҫϲ⣬Ƕдд衣
æҡͷҲڴˡ
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һ㶣ֱС㣬ĹټҮǰǺңҲֻ޸֮Ůӣﻹʲô
ѵôıûһֵ𣿡ƿҵ
ɿľ׮˲󣬿һۣתʮ˰ȫľȥ
ָһ··ǺܴҮöò͵͵ͷ΢ͷѡ
Ϊ˴ҲġĶԲ
ãѡˡҲϸϸţֵã󽣲˶١
ǰڽһʱģǵõĲ࣬ھ¸鰲Ҳ١ֻԿˡ
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ǺǣˣظŸⲻһʮЦǰ´ҡ
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ҴûмĽʽŶһ˷֣ܵ˼¡
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ѧŹֵĽʽġʮĴһŴҡ
ߣΪɽϵ꣬ȹ𣿲Ҳöлʦƽʱ鰲Ҷÿѧ̫ѣͰǰµ󽣸ˡ϶ʦָ㣬ҲЩĵá
⽣ʽҲ̫ˣʹʲôãһǵ֣СʮҡͷԵĵ
ҷۣ⽣Ĺֶ໹ٰǵñѪ书ܾɻǵ֮˲ѧأʲô֮أȻǶ۰˫ַƣӰЧȿȣԶˡ
봴⽣ʽ˹Ƕ۰ɡҺš
ͷЦҲЦֲ֧ۿ
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ðǱԱԣĶ۽˫ֺϱڵǿΪֿ˵˵ЦЦ߳
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طѴһԣܣſɲá
֪ˣǧǿһģʲô䡱ʮ߶ͣ
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ҧҧϷת̧һת
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ˣɴûִ򷨵ģȷʵ̫ˣȴʤһʱҲδ·磬ȴЩżʽԽԽԽԽ졣
мһȱһĽֱֱҽţ˾һǣʹ߼ӵľУӥչᣬգȸ߸̧ƽ⣬һʮаգƻƣǰа취̵ҵģȴûһУպû⣬ȴҲһᡣ
һ˿գЩƽҳᣬѽӸŰ磬ʹʹɫ˫һ£ĺ󱳣ʹһڿǰһԾȵأʱӹתǰһֱָĺ
һۣܶɾ䣬һǳɣʤڿݣһ䣬ɣ˸յ
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˫Ŀѣأƫͷ³һѪʮĻ
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ԺУŰߵߣͶ˵ʲôݺݿһۣȥ
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㻹ʹʹҸϾĸģҲǵĿǰͳ־ǡ
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ʮĳһԲҽݡ
ӹϼˮеϻ
ʮĵзִ磬ʮ˵䣬Ϊ㸮Щǡ˰ȡЦ
ʮץץͷ˸磬ȼֻ֮Ȣһûô鷳ˣǺǡ
а̾һʮǲ˵ҵǵĿ˰磬ȴֻҡͷһЦδĽ⡣ôأһֱƽ͵ӣﵽײŶء
㻹ǶԼɣղſɰ˸ˡŰ߽漴ҡ
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ȴʮֵǸΣӻδãһҪ⸮ļ£ֵܼĸʡĵģҲʱ㵣ʮĺʮˣﳯ⣬֪Ҫֳ

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ҲﲻסعЦҲ͵Цҡ
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վҲ˼뵽ȥˣΣԽԽơ
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徲鷿֮ضʱЦ죬ݵĻЦ
ˣˣˡʮһѱ𴺶סҡ
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ŰȴǴЦ⻰ûǼڹʱ䣬Ҳûء
Ȼе⣬ȴǸ糿
˴޿

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˭Ҳ֪˭˯ţ˭ţɴһᣬȴҷȥֽŶͣʱ뱻ѡһһһ䵽ʮϣֵøֺ
ʮĵҪҾʾۣǿδڡ
ôˣ첻Ҫ𣬻˯ŶסҶӣ
˯šڰŴۣԵʮ˷ܡ
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΢΢һЦǴˣҪԹ˯òã
첻ʵĵͷ
ͷҪģһͯĹŶ
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ͣĶŴôشأ
ҧָ㶿ңҡҡͷ
㲻Ϊô壬οһأʮĲĵ
ҧҧݺݶһۣͲҪ廰
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ҹɻΪʲôôΪأ
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ҲֹЦķǹĵأ
ЦҴѡΪҪ𣿡
ǰٶ࣬Сͯа취׸ԣ϶ڹԴһʮĴһ§ǣŵ
ҵͷ˼ûдʵΪѱˣҲΪԼʳˡ
ڰУʮ˫ŸӵĹâ§סǵ֣΢΢סҵۡ
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˿̧۶Ͼҵʮġ
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 79 

Ҿͱʮѡ̫
˯ʵͷ˯÷ǳ죬С΢΢ţ΢΢죬и̾ȷʵ⼸չ˵úܺá
ֵ̫Ӳ̹ĻȥˣҲһʱʮϰ밲ϳᾫķ·ϡ
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ã鷿㡱ʮĽһȥ
ջĿ⣬ڴӡһǣ΢Цỽš첻Ҫ
СüСһ˸˯޿κҡҡͷҴ̧ͷϼˮ
ԺѾ½߶峿Եøʻ
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ʱˣ⺰㣬󰢸ѽʱ䵢ˡ
첽뷿ŴʲԸ˫һţ˯ʻ
ˣ˯ˣ㣬㡱ûлͷϼűⷽϸĲŪš
ѡһɫͷ룬ɫӦٴϽ˿ⷽԵ׹ڣ¶ϸ޳񲱣쵰յıӲʣ⣬СɾµĴ䣬ݣԵóˡ
ҵͷβϼװţֵķ飬һһŪţ죬мú߽˿״Сһһɨҵ
ԭŷ֮ˣΪҲǷݳŵһ˿˵Ҳԭɡ
ˡĵһ´첽ߵߡ
ҷ䣬˫Ŵšϼ緹˵鷿
δԺţ浶죬ҵ֣첽˽ȥͷ˷ܵˡ
һ񣬻˽ŲҲȥ̤Ժţ̧۱㿴ʮƵսдʮУһһʽĬӣӸ޳ʽ͸ʮĸߴ˶磬磬Ƴ磻
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һЦ峿õһĻֱԼ̫ڶա
վԭ֣ððҲҪ
ʮеյҵ׼ˣ
ҵͷš
ëʮģү۵ġ
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ϼգһۣæ緹Ūá
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ҧŴҡҡͷ࿴˫ֲסӸӲͣӡ
รȳ԰ɣ󰢸緹һԵ١ϼݸҵ
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ڽﲻסŹǷϥϱۡ
Ѿתͷ̿ӣΥľǡ
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Сӣ˯ˣϳôԺ˿ܵġʮҡͷĴϽӹ
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ҡҡͷתϤȴѹȸиǽм䡣
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һڵˣȴҪգĥûϣҲڴһʲôļУδܵĵԽǺʵ˵
Ҹ㣬ǿ㣿ԲҪ𣿡 طGȴ赭д˿ᣬ߲мȥᣬеǷݵΡ
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ǿִִֵɺ޵

 80 

˳ȥ밲˯һᡱ
λһᣬɫ
ͷһӻ֡
巼׼㶫һϰɡŴ˯ݣϸñѣ巼
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ʩˣ仰ҽ㣿ʮĲͷ
Ҳ̧ǹ⣬Ҳǲ֪߲ˣ ˭㲻ء
ʮȻŲˬбɨһۡһıүֳ꺢ͯԵǺ«һɽʿǰԴҪЦЦ֪߲ء
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ɲӴҿܲˣžһζ󺰵ǣ
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һеһУ׵ֻʣǡ

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Ҳͣҡͷˮɽһһ¿ţһƬˮһһһһνӵһӿҵͷԣţԸȥš
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ڱܵĻУʶʧӴ˾˵ĳ˯ů͵ĹӯƮ飬Ī飬㶼Ҫʱ޲þһҵʳָ׽ѡ
ңʲôʱǻծ𣬻ģ˭ծ

 83 

һ̾ϢƵĵͻʱʱӿҵͷԡʱԶʱһһҵĶ䣬ϵѭʱʱͣظҶϣôҲ֮ȥ
ͷǧأӳȫʹƺҪըƫĺһֱһֱ϶Ʈ˽УҺʹ࣬У벻ҪٳңҰ˯ȥҾúۣƤأҲҪۡ
ҶûôͻȻһĺͻ谭ֱԣҽܽü⻰ϤϤȴ
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žһİʹƺ˵ôôҵģ˽Ůˣô˺ҵģˣȻҵģ
ҵ֣òãһִǿҿƲԼ뾡취ңɻû취ǡ
ңҳҪҵĵո
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һһţҲҪƫ˵ͬˣͬףͬѲصвţԽԽ٣ֻһƬڣЩˣЩȴ˵ĹˣԾҵͷԣҵ
ܣܣҲҪ˵ˣǶŹҡֻ밲ҳ˯
ںصƤ·Ĵת˫ȭգ´ҧѾľȫڿܣҪҪѣݺץʲôԼʵĸѰһƬ徲
һ죬ŲܻƣЩֵĶȴһһͼҪƮԶʧʶҺʹֱ࣬ס䣬óó
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ܵĺԽԽԽܼԽԽ죬ӿҵͷԣҽͷҲܲסͷźУҪһеĿʹ
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ҲѣĲңҲһƬ˺ۣԵģԵģӵģӵģҺ͸˾͸͸ʹ࣬үҵٳܿѣ˰ɡ

 84 

ҹĻ٣Ժ壬⽫ˣ˲ϼԸ̷˶֮ٽ꣬˭Ҳ
ۣ¹⣬ҫŰѩ׵΢뷿ڣһա
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ǣŸ˵ԵˣҲŸ˵·ˡ

 85 

ѪıڱӸ⣬ձ²ã˱š
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ϳһУһĳڻ
ĵͷңһŶص£һۿʱʪ󣬷ֽ̧ס
ӱؼģһҹıƣ쳣㲣ָݣǷֱӿϺʹʣԵһЦطһˡγҲһʧõϲá
طһҵķ
οһЦ΢΢ͷҵ̧ͷȡϿȥ̫ҽ죡
󲽱һԺɨŲȵķŻȵɫҰף˾޴ľţȴֲŵĶסңȫûյ
տıʹΣȴǸľֻһֲۣҵ۹ֱ۵ףͻһᣬˮ䣬һ̵ıͷۣ֣ɢʳǣ˵ףһȺѣĿĸ˰ˡ
ط֪֪ʧһ˵Сˡ
ʳǣ㣬磬⡭ǳ飬գҪԡ
ϼ︣ԡ£ ط磬ֱҪ
طҪòϼɡֹס̲ۣӿͷֺۼԡ
Ҳãϴ̫ã̫ҽ طķңģ˿תȥ
ƺصعԭλ̤ʵšס㲵ıӰȻ̾˿βϼϴһƣ
үǴҴҰร֮Ȼһɨ⣬ƽȶֻúõɣ漣漣ڷҵ뻺üһЦͷһԡ
߱ҵʮԵ˿οĵͷңסҡ̫ˣ̫ˡ
̫ҽˣܼң̫ҽȥЪϢǧˡʮˬһЦк¡
ǰʺңʮģҲ˿⸮ҲҵĲҪɢȥˣ˵ʮҵݣѾȻʮȷʵݣҲͨʧƬ̣ʮŭǣҪǳĳҲôӲ̫ء
˰οʮһ½ȥȴԶԶվţȻŴȻزֽؿڣɫףš
ҲǸŮӰϣҲʮϼ޵ڴĽôܹܵסء
ƫֺγԤŽյĽءꣿɣ
ʵ޷ٶͬݣ⸮Ůˣ˭ûһѽطҵķΨһķΨһҡֻˡ
ջĿ⣬ֱʮĵסǰ泩ĥ䣬˿

طҲʱ˵ЩҶˡ̧۳ӯӯһЦ
΢΢죬ͦıǼסǰźһ㣬Ͳ٩ˣ
ǳЦ΢΢̧ͷǼⴥıǼ⣬طӦͬ˵仰ˡ
һЦֻ̧աʲô
գգۣĽսϡ--㡱ȴޱĽࡣ
˵ʲô ʮļ΢΢ƿʵ
ӣĲӣ΢ֵ˭һֱҡ
΢ʣ˫ȴšҵȵúÿడһЦȴҪҡ
ᴷһ£ӣЦ
ȴͻطң濴ҡԺ󣬿ɲˣûУ򡭡
бüһЦǣƵ򡭡̧ͷĿ
ʮգȻһЦ˵ʲôͻһ䣬ббɨ˹ȥȥ
ᳶһ䣬ʮһֱ˶˵ɽ죬ȴ̫ᣬãʵڲֳϡ
ร߰ɡȻһȰȥʮһæüһ
һĿǣ˫Ѫɫʮģ۵Ȼһľڴﳤ̾һϧ
ͻƺȻԾĹһЦɨңȴǱһᣬתȥֱֱ̤ԺţԭֱͦӣԵøǰȻ벻ŴĿһǿ˶һȡ
ǱʱǷݲɴ˱Ѿɼһˡ
Ҳһ֮Ů
ĿʮģĴ󽫾ʵˣʵ
ģңƶȡٺձ䡣
ʮתҵγһ̾
շƣųܲסģ֪ʱԴʲôģȻǲеݣٲģҲǿˣǺòײһ𣬱ΪЩǷǣòá
ҴͷطȻˣٹˡ
ǵȻһ㣬㹻ˡʮסҵͬͷն
Ȼתͷȥķ˼ǧ
ʵȢǡʮЩԥתҵֹ
̧סĴ΢΢ҡͷط˵ˣдңͬҲйȥ£ˣǹԺӣòã
ãҪӦңҵˣòãʮĺľСָ
ڴһЦЦĿȴָͷסᶨĻ˻Ρ
ջ֣ͻһЦɻۿ
ղšҪΥŵԣҾ͡
գգۡ
ͻؽסҵĺףŸϴֲƴǵͨ죬һ
˫ȭͷԽԽ
Цһſң⿴ǵͨɫϷҾͣ㳢ζҲˣ
촽ÿطҿûвӦ㣬ҲûΥŵԣѾͷһˣҲܣһηĻˡ
ɴۣͺң
죬ۣתͷ
ؽ˵ڴҾһæЦֿ
϶ʱҳһţߣһЩ´׷ϷЦݡ
طǶúùӰɡ
иĿ籩ҪһͬԣңԶһ

 86 

ʮİҽҴãһߴ·һʡ
ұձۣڱ˸طͽȥлɣ˳ѴӻҲ֪ڹ
ţҲãϼ︣£ʮĵͷһ⺰һ
Ҵ˸Ƿֱۣطȥ鷿ҰɣΪչңþöûȥˣɲá
ʮȴϾԣ۹Ŷ̺㰡ǲ̫ġ
һЦβϼװط㿴ӸΪҵĲϴˣûһֵգȹ죬ȶԺĸСһۣ㿴ɺã
ʮνİڰ֣ӹëһǣģ幾조ǰԺȥͺˣӸպãڡ
ЦЦҡҡͷӹˮת³ߵױ̨ǰղþͺãѵ˼ͬＸܹǲõģҲŴһ֡
ˣҲǰԺֵһЩƽۻᣬҲûоЩʱģⰲźˣˣ㣬緹˹ʮĳһɷ˵Ķ
ҵͷҲܹ鶼Ժ
ͷŪΣڵطʮɩͲҲһʱң֮⣬˵ƱˣҲ˲Ŷԡ
˵ףܹҲһݹϵǷ˼Ҳ˵ΪңΪʮպٲæʱ
ʮĵͷ죬֪ʼǲġ
Ұβϼװ磬Ҳٿˣ޼˵Ǹ޻̸̹ԣЩ£Ҳִ̫ˣ벻ɣֹڽ飬ϲִ磬š
Ѷ緹ϼҲ֣ͣ˾԰շһ
·鷿ţɼįʮģϲ̧ۣҪӭס˲ӿһɬִ̾ܶ⣿
ʮĳͷֱֱš
ͣ²סţԶԶԶȥӰҧֱ
תͷʮȻףͷֱиţʼң飬ԭһ֮䰡УڶϡƽΪ棬ΪãΪӶȢҲڷΧ֮ڡ˶ǹ˼˸˵⣬Ҳ֮еġ
벻裬صĲԽ࣬ʧģҲһ
Ű縮ڶ檣ӣǱﻹѰɡʱۻᣬռڶ̨λǸ֦չԵþŸЩįѻƫȴҪǰ˺άǷݵĸĿȡ
طļλȴйоأ̸õһƬƽ밲طӰ죬ϳּеϾڵĹϵա
طλȴԵù٣ƫز۵Ķֻ࣬úʱ磬˸ˣ⺢ҲӹҲزۣȻطƫҲǿһطλӺȨУ̾̾
һ붬⾩ǱĿİףûһˣװѩʮһͬϸѩⲽ
ſ̤֨֨ѩҲʮǰͷԼСһһҡεĸ󣬸Ľźۣ͵Ц
ʲôأʮҲԵ죬ͷһЦ
ȻͷŽӡط㿴ߵһ·ء
ҵĲĽӡУҵҲҡ
ʮһ£ͣסţֱ˱һҲҽסĺ󱳣ĦطܵõİĻʳǣҲһƬ֮أԶ೤ĽӡƺܣȫȻĿհףֻǶפѩС
ʮͻȻͷһЦ
գգۣѯʿ
ЦЦҵͷָָ󱳡
ҵͷ̧ͷһЦü޽ȫǸжο
˫ļ磬ſıʮĹһЦһƣȵϱסϥ䣬ʮõſˡ
°ѸҼ磬Ӳ濴ĿתĿţȻһЦӡһǣЦһͷֹĿĴӡ
Һ̰ģֹҪң㿴ϣһ棬ҲûгҵĻᡣңֻһܽӡ
ҽ§סĲӣۣһỬ¡
ֵܣȻ˵ƣ˵İԵ˵ĹִǿĲţطѪľٶݾĻҵǿҸоȻԣô˲ݺӡ
ǲǸ֤ˣպʱĲңһ㣬͵ȥǲܣעҪпȥ顣
󷢶ΪǲöĿ籩²
ϣ򸣽𰲡
ҹ¹
üĿ΢ЦʮϱɣⲡǴˣ
лʸʸʥƵްˣʸлһȴʵĸж
ãáνһЦҰڰ̫֡ҽޱ˵ӹأԴһܰȻȹ漣ֻһʮҲظ֣ɺˡ
亹һðͷ̿֡
ʰ꣬һ붬˷纮ӣҲ˲ʮҵ֣Ϊҳ
ˬһЦȻ΢Щ޵ʮģ޲˵һ䣬ͼɴΪϱӱи£Ҳ޷粻˰
ʰ֪꣬Եȫľʮγ
һҵʮϱ㲻˾нӿҪעˣ²
ҹһͷлϾˣԵķֱүĺ֮ǡ
Ϻ̣꣬᲻˽ĺ塣
ʲôǡ
߶һ޷Щ滰ʼչţŻ¡
˵űȲ͹ȥ
ȴʱŴ緹Ų裬巼һ̺򣬴ű
һ밲
ʮʱǵȵĺһ
Цŵͷ
ϲ̧ͷһ꣬סҵȡ
Ҷ𣬶ɰһǣڻ
üһֳ࣬ɲʲô¡ʮĽ˴ȥ
벻Сʡ
룬ǰ겻ҼҲĵͷȴԵʮֲʵĵʮһۡ
봺ﲡˣûչ㣬㵽ĸġʱЦЦʱ̧۴ҡ
ʱʮѾûдˣϴλ˵Ҫ͸ЩС⣬һҲ͸
ʮֲСˣЩֲżҪģпȥˡʱĻӻ֣СƵġ
ҿһЦ漴ʵôҲأʱ磬Ѳҹ޵ģ
ȴǷ²裬̾˿Ҳ֪εʲô磬һһ㣬ģʮʮǴˣȴϣɩչڸʱͱͽҲãʹҲи顣һָһ붬͹ЩգⲻЩСһ⣬ûˡ
һǸȻҲǲ˲ģӣһأһڸߵġϴģ֪꣬ϲ졣
ӣӶԸⲻӺˣҲȥĸ縮￴ˡ
ʮı˵ǣҲ˵ǣͷŴ
ֻó˵ǣȻҽӴظط˳ȥһˡ
ӱ¶ˣûôȥ˵һ빬Ҳû׼ʲôܾȥĸ縮ϡʮ
ͷ⻰Ҳ
׼ЩʹҪ͵үòรδȥʡġ巼һԻ˵
ʮһ
ЦЦ巼ѣһͱãˣǾɣ巼ѶȻȥһˡ
תͷطѯŵطǵȻᣬҴȥĸ縮ȥһˣ˳ɩ˵һ¾ۻ¡
ð ȻﶼˣҸĸʺһʮļˣҲδ࿼ǣֻҼ롣
գ۳ȻһЦӹ
ʮŻȥҴҵĽŲĸжӣΪңȷʵû˵ϳ͢¡ǴӦҪ⼸ǲܵˡ
߶һɫҲ׼ǣͺʱÿģҿҪúʱͬһͬȥҲ˲ģҲѴãҲúãסһӺˡ
ʱ֣ͣ쳯һЦգգۣͷ
ţҲãͿȥɣ𵢸ˡһ£ͷӦʡ
ʱ㰢ĲΣ̫ҽ˵
ʱҡҡͷüͷҲ꿪ʼأ˵ҪԷ鷴أȥ̫ҽǴȥˣߵչš
Ұͷֽ˵ǧطǺαء
ΪҶһ㵽Щʲô֪֪
ǵľѾ˵ǷңǷ㡣
̫أ̫˿־塣
ʮ˵Ҳ֣ͬҰ˵һѪԲѣҰȥҲܲģҲˡʱС˵һһġ
Ĩᣬ˸еĸһţתʱƮľû˵
ӺѾҲԣ֪Եˡ⣬ǸӸɾĹ
ҲԵʮֵĳƣСطŲ衣
ƣţкңԵЩģĲɡ
ɩҲ̫ˣĸһʣЩʱûˡҲ԰׵İ
ϿЦһҰڰ֡ףֻһһˣӶˣûɫô˵ǰ
ĸ˴Щʹ͸ءʱѡ
æк巼Ʒ¡
ɩ⸮˵壬ɩɩȥˣҿͥԺ䣬ɻʵ
ʮ⸮Ĳֻжųˡʱµ˵
˵Ĺ䣬ŷԭġ
ϳɩӹǱүһҲĹƵģⲻԺ⵹ȥ㸮Ͽ㣬ҲûƼһҲѻġ
һ⣬Һεºܰ
Ѽ䣬ܼǰ˵˼Σ⼸ңʮĵ⣬ȷʵ޷⣬Ҳȥ
ǰһˣүӲ˼ͣЩʹҽ巼ͷͬһǲȥ밲ˣԸעӣ̫ǡ
ҵͷǣҲ˿ҪҼһ治֪˵ЩʲôңһˬӲϼӲҲ˵
ɩȥһɩӺ⣬ʱҴһظסЩӣԸҲҪⰡ⸮ٲ㡱ҰοһҪ
รүӽ쵹࣬ȥ޷һȴ˽
æʦүĲһֱŵġ
Ŵͷ
ƶɮรƶɮɡϺƿһۣת˳ȥ
ȴǼֲƵģһӻ֡Ȼʦ˵ˣȥһ˰ɣҾͲȥˣ巼ҲȥһˣͷҲ˵һ
̾˿ʱţܿͻ
һ·޻ѹֵô
԰ˮ鿣üطƺƫɽˮԸͷҲСأҲԵñ¡
תתطڸͷĵطȻ鷿ᾲĵġ
รԽȥɣүĲ農˵ɨ巼һۣԹߵԺ¡
ҳ巼ͷһ̤鷿
ĿɨһطǸϿ֮ˣ鷿һȾһһϸİڷţ͸ǷϽء
ڲ࣬ϲںһֽѹš
ߵǰָ׽ֽ棬ָĥš
졣
۽ͻȻɨһϻӣһԣɻĵͷЩ΢һҪ򿪡
ͻڴһỽ
ջ֣ŵʿˮŰվ
˿ϻӣһת鷿ң˱ǶֲϢҲ߽Űˡ
Ằеҡ
ҶߵأһԵСΣ
ĸ磬һɬź
һѴ
ϸҺãҪһڴأ㶿ɫƣۿüȻһĨᶨѹȸеط
Ҿ洽գᣬ˵ۻѹ
˵ҲǺǣôϷӮˡΪĳһЦʱȴҪǿ䣬ץסҵȻ˵
ұʵ㡭ֺαء
꣡˽ҵ֣üʱҵתҺúÿ㡱
Ĩȥᣬӣת۵ȴʹ
ΪʲôҪôһһ㵽û
ЩܻȻһ˿ڴϣ԰׵˴ȴһ˵Ĺִǿ
ɬһЦȴѵеįȡ֪ҴСףʹң˹ңԼ׶ﶼ࿴һ̸ۣʲôġ
šüͷʹӿͷ
ͻȻһЦǣҵ㡣ҿõ㣬ҪΪҿޣΪЦҿᣬ֪ĵġ
ط⸮ΪΪ㲡˲ǲģֺοѰ֪
ǣмĺһ
漴ִ̧ңһ˵ƻָյ
ôȥˣ㻹˵ִһ
Ŵϧ
ط㿴Щľֻܾˣ㿴ڵӣѵǲֹԼߵˣ⣬֪ˣôôܹ˵˽ҾΪ޷Щ̫飬̫飬žҪߣҪӱܡ
ƺʲôһ£ɱϵģȴĨЦһؽȻȻ治ɫ顣
ôǵĶӣͻȻʵǾȻһĨϷڵЦ
Ҳ԰ҡҡͷɢ૵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪㲻Ҫҡ
ͻȻһЦȴĪᡰ֪˵ΣӱңңȴҲĮĴڣĶӣȴǲڴͽܵĶӣҲһӱܲ˵⣬㰮ҲᣬһͬһԲԣ
ͷ¡¡һ״˵һƬֻЩڣұͷֻƴҡţһж˦п񺰣Ҳ֪Ĳ֪
ݺݳҵ˫ֱ֣۵ףһ˿߿ִҪҸ𰸡˵˵ǲǣ
£ֻ֪ãȻҡͷЩ롣
û˵ȻҵĶӣͬһˡһ͵ͨ죬ͻȻšüؿڡ
æޱǸձѪŵþһ˫Բס죬ϵĳ
طٶˣ˺öѪסְ˳
԰һЦһҵͷû˵أǻ񵴣͵ͷϻ조㲻õģһҵһжֱطΪҪһ㣬㾿ʲô
ʦǲˣ⼱еʻ
æطŭĿһɨʵķſңֱ
æĨȥᣬһԵԲʣ䣬¹ڣ
طƣۣ͵Цһ
ˣ𣿡Ī³һ䡣
˵ʲôѾ˳Ľˡ
ˣӺ˰ɡŵϸţȫû⵽ڴϵط
ε˿ȣ֡⣬ҷĻĸ磬Ȼȥģû뵽㵹ˡ
ȥ ط۶ûһ䡣
⽩ס񣬹һүӽûкһ㡱
طüǻӻ֡ҳȥò˰ǲǣ
ڨЦվһԣ޶ˣ֪˵ʲôá
ȴɳҸοһЦүҺȳȥˣú
ĸ磬ҼүҴʺһýȸˡǷǷǿһۣᳶҳȥ
п⣬ȴֲΣ֪ȥ
ʹûаӰ

 87 

⣬˵Ҳã붬ˣƽʱɵⰡԺɨһ·Ĳã
ЦЦͷͷʮǰЩӲǸ˵ҪȥҴʮôˡ
ҳ콩ӲһЦͷתŲ豭
ʮĲ𣿡Ȼߵǰ۵СȴС˰üͷҡ
ͷһСͷ֣һЦͨͨģɵĴҵ֣һʹϥϡ
ʮòãҵͷ΢ЦȴӿԭȾʹҲȥ󣬸طʲôӣطGһʣֻ顣
ǸΣȴû취ԴһǺʵġ
Էʱ⣬Ĳ鲻ԸƵʹࡣ
طG˵ûдҪúһ·ű˵Ѫһ
ճԷʮɢʱҲ
񻹺ʶɰС˶󲻵⽫ΡˣȻղƴһµСӡ
ʮôˣ̧С֣׾ĸȥҵᣬ΢С죬ʮֲĿҡ
ǰôˣϴ㿴ʱҲģֿ޵ø˶ƵġЦ
΢΢˦˦ͷصı̧һЦұûߣһ𳤴񿴵ľۺͺա
Ȼͷģʮȫʮģ񿴴˵ճ㣬ǸֺãⲻˣֲҲˡ
˵ǡҳһͷ׺Ķͷ̾˿
ӣ񻹾պ᲻̫ˣʱֶ࣬ûƣܲⳳ֡ͷһЩǵĿҡǡ
Ҹж֣ġ⣬沼䣬ˣ˼壬˵һ꣬ʱЩ
࣬ȴһͶԵҲͱ׺Щ˺Ǳƽİһˡ
΢΢ȴЦ˵ﻰҼ޵úһɩûûСĺ֡
Цһѽ㲻һǰڸˣСɩȴôҲ
ۣԵʮð㣬̧˦˦ơ⻹ҵˣ⸮︣ڶ࣬ҪǷֲˣǽֺãЩ
ĿһЦҲˣһﵹԵʮֺ⣬ȻңԸͷŪͬ״ʱҲһЦʱ·Ū
ҵͷһ˿ҲůůģεĸӣվҲҵĶӰ
ֻںû򲻺мǻطG˵öԣҶȷʵԴطGһ
վʤߣõߵҫһ·ǲѪϡȻƫүͺʱһЩ
΢΢ҡͷЦʵƽ½ƽԵȣֻҪƫԼ
Ǹӣ˿˿ˡ
ˣ̧գգƤᱧź΢΢ҡΣ˼
ǲķº˱ȥᣬǸͬϧĿŮӡ
ʱǴطGģΨʮֵ۳谮ҲӲСϣʵǸ˵ˣȴҲһձۡ
ϡطGķ֮飬ྴĹϣйоأǰ˺ǷڣطG˷벻ͬҲ뵱С
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Ұڰ֡ˣҽȥǸ
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Щ˼˯ߣĿ˯ԺУ˱ůıѣһߣڶʱһƬ

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ﷴ߶һ䣬طԲطԲֵıǸ

 89 

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Ұʲô뷨ҵͷתɡ
Ͳ̫ˣүǰ˴ǹٵĴ㣬Сʧ٣үȥˣ»Ǳүֹˡ
ҵͷҲˣû·ǹǰȫģʮڳԽʤⰢ겻ǣʱֻ¸Ѱ졣
¸Ұ꣬ģ⸮úõģֻǲܻȥڴǹ֮£߰꣬ͬҲϣͶ帣ȻлЩ⣬ЩǷǵĺá
Ǳү
Ұִ¸ү˵˼ת氢꣬ȹΣұظһˡ
С㣬⻰ͺˣҲϣүҪ¸˿ȴҲƷġ
΢΢ʪ󣬵¸Ա⸮ʮһգľ԰Ĺ껹ѵãΪ˰롣
¸úõģȥɵúúȰοүˣ֪𣿡
ҲĵĽпɬôˣȴ¹ǵңΪҵģΡ
¸һ˵ǹڱˣȥҲӿ
ʮҪλƱҪڳ͢Լ֣׵ģȻԼҵݣ Ը⿴ġ
Сģ֪ô˵¸ͷ
ˣȻȥɣð¾
תɡظʱҺγǹƼأúͰ굱һ̸ֻʱظȻǲʵģôҲܺȥνĳͻҰǹҲ£ҲǺһ׮
оģǼ㰲ԺûͬͻҲǵǰĲ죬ⲻǵģֻһ˶ѡ
ֻҸ븮ļ꣬ʮĴҺãҲûôǿҵıֹѵΪ
Ĳ⸮аӹΪʲôһֱΪͬط鷿ҲٹʣҲ֪ͻùһЩû뵽ȴʼջ˵Ľ⡣
Ҫ˽ŲкãҲ֪ǰΣֻڣҲ޷һиԭ㡣
һ·ǧͷ˸Ұ˹٣γеģֻˡҲãЩ£þֻҳеŶԡ
·鷿ţŶбżһ޲ĿңҴȥǣ͸Ƿݼᶨ벻мǼڡ
תǰ߹ʵûйȥ£ȥˡ
Ĳ䣬ѾԹˣҵƽ벻ʧͷϾϷܹҪ˲ܳ
ôͻˣҿͬһŪˣţһɳ۵ͷ󺹣ϴ˸裬ɾĻ·ٴ˻飬Ҳˡ
ϢѾʹƵʱ۵ޣʱҪˣЩСӣġ
԰ˣһᣬ˯ҲˣСݣ˹ºŸ˯ͨͨ˿ԽԽҲԽԽʵˣǰܵףطGİǴزۣҲ٣ǷŲ
Ŵ˯һϸҴñѣԺ죬϶طˡҴҷϴʣų
̴ǰͺȣεҡҡͷӹϼŤɵëǰ
ôӦô࣬ȳܵˡֲ̾š
ʮ˿˳ϵ·͵ܵˣϼˮ
ҳϼͷ򿪹ŵߵļϡ
ЩūͺˣšʮĴں˼豭ˮط£֡
ЦЦˮĲϼͶǰˮþͳȥɣǲŽ
Źغã߽ЦЩ£һֱˡ
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ʧЦĴһȭŵƶ죬㡭
ͻȴƽס˺Ծӣ˫üš
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ҡҡͷɿϵ֣û£ϴɣˮȻˡ
ҡʮһţһԥɫ
һͷȻһЦɳˣѵҪ̺㣬㻹ô໰
磬ϸãһ˿϶ͷŪţȴӿɬӲ磬黹δƽǰϵĶ
ʮ̾ӱסҡ˵
ҿת̧ͷչ¶ЦգסĴطҽͬ˵
ʮüǲҪңţ˵ôôء
ЦЦ˭˵ģ
ʮĳˮУͷ˽ȥһͻðˮ棬ֱǵͨ죬Ĩϵˮ飬ҵʲô£˵ɡ
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ǹҰ£ǰЩ갢͸Ҫǹ٣֪Ҹ磬ҲŪЩС⣬Ҳˣ帣˵񲿹λߣǸЩĵĻҲġ
ʮĽһ±ᡰǲڳʲô족
ü࿪طҲ֪븮ʱ˴ǹٵ˼ˡ
һᣬֻҲˮʮĶһ£ſľͰԵҴ걳΢΢ӣ̾˿Ҳ֪³͢Щ¡
֪ˣʱһ̸һ¡Σطڳ
Ҷٵؾһ㣬ľͰԵЩʡطҡ
ҴûҪЩ£Ǽ£㾪ʧ޵ղðڻǵú˵ɣ˵㲻£ÿصǵȴֺʮЦһת
΢΢ͷЩطǵ㵱ôӦҵ𣿡
ҡʮһ̧ƺ໰Ҫڶ緢׳־ɿңջǳź̾˿˫ȭˮס
ԳЦЦףʵܸıģԼȴƫҪʳڣ;ԡ
룬Ҵ˵Ҳ֪طͱʱˮڣ֪ô֪ܲأǣ֪ҵ֪֧ңȴҪֺõȺʹŹġ
һˮҵĳ˼ʮνסҵ֣ìܺȴҲ͸ǷݲɶҡͺľġԲ𣬿ҡ
̧ͷ۹ӨӨ
ʮͣҧҧһļ㣬ֺ̧ݺݴˮ棬ˮ飬ͷ
Ҳİ֪𣬲ʰק֣ģĹȻҵţһһ£˵ǿҧһ£ֱҪջ֡
ȴסңҵֲţǲʲԸ߷߲ƽɫֱֱҵУУСҲٿҧۣһ±ͷ
ҵģԲԣʮĹִתҵԼսеҡ
ҳſƤֻһӿϣľͰԵе£ҲץסһȣֱˤľͰУصˮͷУһֻ֪زϵĿǺˮĺ
û°ɣʮæҵӣ§ڻҸؿ˳
̧֣ҡҡͷ
һ̸ɶ˵ԡգˮѾҴϴ˶Ծ˼磬æĴ£ϴµ뱻ѡ
ʮĽסңס˵űǸֱ÷һ仰Ҳ˵
ٶĻҲס§ҳ˯ȥȴۣһҹʶֱ賿
ıˣⳡʣһᷢѾ˵ļˣٹ꣬ϣ㽣޵ķ磬ٶ󣬱׹䡣
صĲһ֮䡣
һպ෴ˣҲһҹ֮䣬޵ٻҫ졣
˰˿Цãֻ沨Ĺֶ
Ǹϼ޻ѪͷӣĶǣһ˶ӰĻλͱһӳУøһɽۻܾˣʱʱŸˬ˶ϣһϲҳ
뵽һ㣬ҲȰҸҡʼջ˽⣬ʮĵĹȴų嶯طGȴźݾ
භһ
ḧʮĵգϧۣᣬڷҲãҲãȻǻӣעˣӲǾʹ׷һɡ
طһ㣬һǿ㣬ǻҪңϻôҪʹңһΪһƬ
ʹıۣ§סŸԼһ󼦽ʮѾҵֱۣҴñѣӡһǣСĵ˴
һ飬Ȼٽûǿյġ
סԼᣬŸط뿪졣
ϣҲƲסſӣŸסԼԼʹ
طĸ飬Щĭ뷢ˡ
ôΪʹΪźΪ㾪ʧ롣

 92 

ȥͻ㶼ڸﲻⲻ㡱ⱧźһߺŲһֵĸҵ
̧ͷЦЦϵıʣһһĹš⣬Ҳ֪ӣԸ˶֣ѽĹҰɡ
ʮҶֻһأ߹ᳶҵ°ڡ
ҷ±ʣͷ棬ɫ㿴ҲˣҲҪˣ⻹л𣿡
Ѳ豭һţõҵѽ֪Ҫˡ
ЦѺϥ
Ҳûа취Ҳܲó֣ѽ԰Ļ͵Ҳ͹ˣ⻨ѽҲ⼸ûˣ˵Ҳʱ㣬Ҳȥ˰ҲûˡһӲҪŵı顣
ҵͷһͬŪЦЦ
ʮȥòãʮһ棬԰ĻĺƯô󣬺öࡱ
תָֻŵģ˷ܣҿĵŲδƺҲ߳˲٣ڳҲࡣ
ɲЦĸͣ谮Ŀź
̾˿ȥһͶ񡰺ðɣðɣȥȥ
ϲһЦֽ̧§סҵĲӣұ§סСӣӡһǣҵĶӣҵСӣȴʼûҵĶӺͺţԸȥš
ֻκСӣҵСӣԳС
˱ݣѾעˣⳡĸ֮顣
ҵĶӣȻĵĻﳤԶҪ֪ԶҲҪ֪ݣһʼͲڴŽɣų裬ű˵ʻȾϸѪ޷㡣
֪㰢ﲻ̳УǸԵѪˣȻһвɷ˵ļӵϣͬﵱջ㡣ְֺޣȴ޷ѡ
Ҫ֪ĲҪ֪Զģҵʮһһģȥ׷ĶҪ㰢һ̫̫࣬࣬ȴҪ϶ì
һ̶ǿģȻ̫࣬ǿ̫࣬İǸʮڵģİȻʮģ⣬޷ıʵ
ʱȥҲҲڣ˵˸տʱʰ쵣ʱѽҲõõݣȴĿˣҲֵˣǰɡ˵ţ͸ŵĸиš
һЦͷڰⲽɽСһͬɽȾĺҶʱľȻ˵壬ĽֺγǿҪſطG棬Ƿأʵڻͷγ͸Ƿݲ԰ǾŰƽŴģ÷ݾأһ񣬳̾Ű硣
ʮˣˡµأ˷ҵ֣ﳶ
һЦҽȥ
һ԰ɲʱǰһǺþɫ԰԰ĻȻҪĵͷף֦չ涷ޣĿѤõһ̣۵޺죬ۣضĲˣҾ̾ǰŵĻУĿſţϵתܻľɫһһ顣
ôɡ߽ЦһҲҵĿŷӦ
ͷ˷ܵı⡰ĺƯҶ쿴ˡ
˵ȥͻȥˣڻڲʱʱĿߣʱĵͷϷ̾طGǹ󷽵ģôõ԰Ӿô͸ˣһǼ˸ˡ
þòĶҿĵͷ⺰⣬ĻƯ
⽩վڻУάҸղűƣɫ죬͸ż˵ʲô˷ܹܳæǰסҡεӡ
׼˺öóϺõĵɵģ￴ţȥ˵ת԰ӡ
⣬ȥ˾ͺˣҺȴѾòӰˡ
ʧЦҡҡͷ죬źǺ˼һͻһ߳ɻļȣٺòˡ
ԹöˣܺóŶ
ҡͷʧЦСֻǼǵһζǾ
ҵĴͷģͷţ㣬㣬Ц§ҵĲӣңˮ˳ˣȴòֺ
˺һűźĴȻͻʱָŻ˵ʲôϲϲ
Ҳסͷ߿Ҳ˴԰ˣҴߵ԰һϢĵطźҡα
ʮˣϢһᣬﻹûǲǻѽұ˵߳԰š
ҡͷһţҲ²ӣź΢磬ﻨ㡣ò⡣
ŵĻ㣬ĺϢһʱʣȻźǳ˯ȥ
;˸Ǹϱ̺Ҷӣһºּߡ
һһſǰŪ۵ĺϵĶʱʱʱʱһ£ЩδʹҾó뷳ţұ죬ǳ˯Уǻͣü޽Ǿǰɡ
һᣬҾӦҲ̧ۣ˸ǷúҪ
һұ㾪Ŀɿڴæסȶſ˫ֻмԶСʯԣطGδüջܰǵЦ⣬֧ʯбɵĴҵ˯ࡣ
Ҳţֻһü˵ܺãӦ˯һᡱ
㡭ôĨһ´źֱ
طGüǹϷڣܣֵ̧̧ҵ԰ӣô
ǺЩ߳ŭ㡭ôң
͵һЦǣɨһۣһ˯㣬һģΪҪ㣿
ɫһףСĵĵͷ̧ͷЦЦԹ˵ͷˣȥˣƺһ㶼̸
㡭㲻Ҫںǰ˵ܻĵ
ĸ°ͣƳЦˣ
۾ֱ˫ڲ
ͳһЦѹѹ֡꣬ţСڻʱ
ҧҧԼŭ𣬳ս˫ȭУҲʱںǰΣҲúҲǣýĳɳģ
ôͷڹ굱ˣ죬óˣϧˣ԰ӵĻû˾͵лˡʮźϧɨһ԰Ļ
ҽӲķźúѱ̺˦һߣվѻɨһֱۣתҲȥˣ֪Ǹƫִһ仰Ҳ˵ȥ

ʮ
ҽһ²طGͬĺһҧת˫ڴֱ۵ף̧ͷҡ
ͬʱ԰һɫıһţ̧ŴУѾˡ
طGһЦһ㶼û䣡
Ҳͷתĸ磬⻨͹ˣллдøˡ
طGΪЦѺ𣬰Ҹղŵҡϡһۣ˦ϵı̺һǡʮƣÿð̡
꣬ȥ˺þôԵġʵʱŲӿ԰š
طGһˣٵȵȡ
˺þ˰ɣóص˺Щŵʱ䣬ҲѵһˣೢϺüѾͷæкŵĵİŪһ߲˵űǸ
ҳЦЦʯ£ҰҲţûУʱࡱ
طGЦһһ¡
æ߽ͷѯʵүӻúúϢǰôˡ
طGʯôﰭˣǲǰ
ڨЦĸǺү˵Ļôô롣
طGΪ⣬ҵã㳢ԻΪϵĵĺ;ĵƵĲȣӸɩɩǶ޲ڣҲģӻӺأҲϵõĿζɡ
˵ţ⻰ı⣬ָ
ͷЦĸ縮ĶĻвڻУͻԻ˼Ѿˣɫζȫڹ͵ġ
һЦ£Ҽ˻ҵ⻰ȳ
ҲҪſˮ¡
ɰģһůӯӯһЦ˵Ļֽ꣬ţյߡʮȸԡ
طGЦЦսأιҿɨһۣס֣СļнУֽߵˮա
Ը԰ɣ컹еģȳѾͷʹɫкҵ
ҿ۾׽ţЦЦջߣͷƷ
ζ治һҲ壬ˬˬڡ
ĸ磬ôԣ쳢ҲˣҼЩ壬̧ͷЦ
⻨ãɻǲҪԣܲס طGָҡ
ҷɿ촹ۣŵĻ꣬һĺĺ׼ָ̰÷⣬ˡ
ⳡطGڣֻǿ׵һһȥ˵ζĻ
طG˿ںⳡ壬ǿϷ԰ɬĶԻУͬʹʹۣĸ磬ɩɫҲˣҲûȥˣлǽ
ҲЦЦãȥ㸮ͬ롱
ãʱ䲻ȣ߶߶ĺãܴڸӸƻˡ طGһЦ䲻ȵ
ҳƤĸ˵ǣýˡ
԰ţ󿴿ȻɼĻΪźϧ˿԰ĻطGڣ⻨֦չ޺ҲҪվһˡ
üǣƻظڽȫû
ȥĸ縮ͻˣŶŴ鷿߽ҵ
ҳŲϼֱֱ֣ӣЦǰɩʢȴ⻨ûǰȥӣҲӵ¶˰ɣ׼Ŀɶ׼ˣ
һۣû﹧ǰһԵรͱˣѾסڸء
ǰҶү˵ôţֲǵһԼеףô׼үӱһ˵Ĵ˵׼ˣӴ绹ãôԵүⷬ⡱
ΪѵŶͷ̾
ϼãҪ˵ϼ䡣æס
Ц˵ĻǶҲãŮҲãүͷ⣬үֵġ
ɨһۣתһߡվ˵ۣǰɣҰףŮˣ
˵ź̵ԽңԽŵıӰ˸̾ҲǱˡ
รô۸룬㻹źüأģﵽͷˣϼ޺޿ı
ƣĻӻ֣Ժȥˣȥɣ⺢һ꣬ܵġ
ร˼ǡϼϲĻͷҵֲ
򴽵㣬˵ȥ
ҼǵʮֻĸӣҪӣȻǰ磬ҵȻҲ棬ԼȴҲʧ⡣
Σ˭Ҳܵ˶Ӯá
ռطֺγźʧȥʱأʮӭŵһţֺγͬʱǷݴĸء
ǰûдǺãҲûдĺ͸һҹȴҲɵġ
ûеӮ䣬û򲻺ˡ
ֿɿȥִ
ǼԼζİ

 93 

̫æģûҰɡʮһţĨ˰ѺǸ
ЦЦ£˱ˮôأ֪ҺþҪңһӷأȺȿˮ
Ҳˣ֪˳ĽУղð
ʮĽӹһϳһ⻰ôôŤء
ʧЦͷѽȥϴɣȫǺˮѾ׼ˡ
ʮһ磬ϼѸհãѾžžˮˣϼæĶŽſ첽š
ĨĨͷϸ߽طҲվæų£ҿҲ⼸¶ˣҲӦùȥӿͬŹһ
˵ˮδͣЩæҡͷ߿Щ
˵ͱЩˣ㻹֪𣬴С䣬Ҫ⼸Ҫˣֻ»ˣء
ʮĲΪ⣬ﵷĵ죬ˮдңԶĸо
ֵɨһۣ˾ʲôеģʮˣǸĲЩֵӡ
ô˵¿ûоԣ˵ʱҪֵ֧ģطҿһˣЩʱҲõš
˻ӳŶǵҪģںﶼʹûҪʪüġ
ģһ˸˳ҸͻˡʮѾźһߵͷӣһߵ
ҵͷҲã˰ܹһЩ
ϼԼδдꡣ
ʮһˬ߽§ҵҲһڡӴֿԽĺ˰ˣǰǴӦҪĵ𣬴¸¿ʼҵ鷿ȥ
ҽһӣ첻ȻЦˣ᲻ʲôϵ˵Ҳ㡱Ȥķ±ʣʮĵӣ̺
ʮӣһҵ֣ɫʵ̸һ̸
ҵͷѣ˸Ƿ̸ɣ컹Ҫ𣬿ЪϢ
ʮοң̾˿߽ҵֵ֪ʣΪʲôÿһһ
СҴ֣¹ϼӡ
ʮһѰסҾһĻ㵽ʲôǲң
ҴۣӣƵûе¡
ʮĵЦһͷֵҵıǼ⡰˵ûУ֮ǹȥˣ㿴ֶȥ鷿ûУԺ
ҲҪȥһڻؾ֣ߵЬӣߡ
ʮĲõĸסҵĽšҪҪ飬˰Ժһ±ˣܲһֱ
ɥķջؽţ͵͵طȻӭţͲöҲԹҲޣе£ҲԣҲãǡ
ʮִ̧ңҵļ磬סҡε
㵽׻Ҫã㿴㣬ԺͷԼӣӦ꣬ľۻᶼȥܻʰӣǼĸΪҸˣǰ˺ţһ򲻹ܸææ£ҿ˶ˣ⸮ﻹи޲รˣ
𾪵̧ɲʱʧȥ˻ѪҺطǵģ֪һ򲻰֣һֱ֪İûн⡱
ʮıҧҧ֪Ȣһ󣬿㻹ôأҵһʱ嶯Եһȭϴܣ֮󴲶ҡһ¡
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ʮһ㶣̾Ϣҡôô룬鲻ġ
ĨᣬʱЩ²조طңһֱִ̫ʱĲʲԸҵźȢҲԭ棻˵ʲôʸȥ̸飻Թģ޵ģ㣬Լ
ʮķĴһ´壬ץץͷûôӣôʲô֪ҰңҲңǷޣ㹻ˡ
ҿɬһЦطҶܼһ㣬úùӣѾ򵥣ˣ꣬ʧ꣬ȻĴ̣һʹ
ʮĬһʵ꣬㵽ΪʲôԭҪ뿪ҡ
طȻĴ̣Ĵ̣Խǲʣʣ̵̱Խؿڵάһ󣬲ȴпһѪҲплõҽΣȬУǱصѡţŰɣٻţֻҪʱû¡
طǲѵģͲΪڼ޸뿪ģһҪҡˮס˵֣ϵֱֱ
֪һֱ֪ȻҲȢôҲһĵ׵Ĵ̣ǲǣ طң̾
Ҳ޷ʵſϣʹĿǣǣطҵĴ̣һҲҲĴ̣ĺʹĺʹûа취ȢŵϲãҲûа취ȥǰԱдҴڲááҿ޵͸ȴǲҰȰʮ仰˵
ʮḧοҵı֪֪ˣǵͬ˵Ļұ
һɲʱֹסĿ
ͲӦĴ̣йҲѾǹȥˣ죬Ҳ𣿡ʮľҵܻĵȴǱصѹȺĵ澡ܰȻӿĲں˴ˡ
طǣҽܸ㣬ʵѾȥˡ
ҳĬһڿڵǰʮƬϣٵķӳţֻĿɬЦʮһ飬ѾǹȥʽˣǼȻй飬ôأȻѾӡǣôõ
ȥģʲôء
ط֪֪䣬ҶΣΣҶٵĸиţʵȣʮĿʼǲ㣬ȴǿ⡣Ľ֮ʱҲҰ֮ʱܽܵȥ
һһУ벻ˣһΣʵĲпᣬҸȥҿࡣ
ʮľң¡˯ɣ˵òȷ⣬ͲҪٿٰʱ˷ȥֻҪסͲĴ̣ҵģûбǾ仰Ҳֻһʱˡ طЦһӵҡ
ס˵ŶԲ֪ǻһֱź
طĶñǸñǸҸôĵ
Ƕǹȥòá
ҴͷãطǶÿرˣ¸һȥ鷿
ʮϲ̾һ̧ҵ˼̫̫²ô򵥡
գգۣɻ󲻽Ŀ
֮Ļ㲻Ҫֻ̫࣬Ҫңĸоòãʮ̾
Ҳͷ֡طǲʲô
ʮЦҵıӡһ㡱
ֱϷŪĸо̧ߵʡĹûͬһӣææ𣿣
ʮ§ҹЦڶɵҲԶӵĻ˵Һú̸һֻһܡ
Ǻȭϴطǻ͸ˣǰô֪㻹ЩԽ
ʮЦŽסҵȭͷһᣬЦЩҲȷʵ֪ʵġ
ͨıӣ۵ͷ
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鷿ӳ̶ȣǴʹˣط˵Ļȫţұͷʹİһ£
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죬ӣߡУȻ˯
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Լ˵ҶٴҪ˵㶼ҽھܾҡʮĲšҵıӡ
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ΪҲ֪ūĹģԺƣһܲ˵ʮİһŵı顣
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ñɫڵ̫ˣҪԼҲжĸʵλã˯ȥ
и̾һǺαء

 94 

Ĳһֱٳٵ飬Ժūһĺţգƣ벻Ŵڸ߶Ƚ䱸⼸ҲӲͷƤȥ˿˺üˣ뽨鼸䣬õɫǴҴԺţҲʱʱ͵͵ŴǷֱġ
ֹҪʱҲ򲻿и
ϼͶһԺűͷ󹾡
ร㿴Ժ⸮˶ɸˣֲǵһ̥ҿƽʱӽʵģⳡ𸣽ɶѷɫءҲѵÿڣɨŽ뽥ԶԺŵ
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ĬĬתᣬĿɬʹӵ⣬ӵĶҵʹҲʹĺ˵ʹ࣬ҲǶãһֱͬпйĿӺ;뺹ʹ⣬ҲⲻˡҵߵĴ
ϵĻš˫üذԵǸһɶӣ˿žࡣ
һɣץӻ֣ôôɾ

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รͷˣһ˷ܺ
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תѵ뿪䡣
δǰһصԼԺӡ
һУһļѾ졣

 95 

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ŰһεĺӷŵʯΪЦǾ֮Ͷѣǵ̵ϰ˵ĵĺķʲôҿڵϺú׬һʡ
΢죬ʱ˵ֻΪȷҵˡû뵽Ű統Ӧ˵Ҹøлǡ
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˸ˣʸ˾һð˸ᣬӰɣʵûȥҵͷתŻ⣬ɻһĳأ󲻾ãӥ¼ᣬʾ˰޸֮ʼҵҲоҪпöࡣ
ŰԶסƬ̲ŵ㲻ȥҲǶԵģϴεıľģ㵱ղִԣΪ飬°˸ģ˵˸˭ҲҲüβŶء
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ҰԹ˵Ĵ˷Уһĵҩ˱ǶɷǺţֱ亹Ҳûپ̧ܾϷƽ
Űһ˿һץӡҧӡ̲ӡҰϸϵ󻢿ϣšüֿء
ұ۲һߣҿĿ˺ۡ
Ű绺Ҳ˭˵ģΪˣϸС߶ڵҩ࣬һײϸϸƽȣĨ˳һΣСĵ˫鲼СĹ۲ҵɫƽһὫҵ̧һִһȦ
˺ֱ̫࣬ٲһȦײȫȻڸס
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ҩȻɢȥܵʹ˿˿ģºͲ̼һʹѾúܶˡ
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ԲþŰȴ³Īһ䡣
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ҳЦϲ˵˺һ𻰣һ󣬴ڱƵЩƣҿطGҲҪ밲˽˵ȥ͸͸ϤϤеĻͬϼһͬ˳
ʱȻɵĺܣҸճţطGˣæװûƼ첽һȥ
ڹתţ̸֪ˡ
̧ۿЦĿյĹ˵һǱ
òϼһԺţҶ׵Сرߣòɴ˸ɾλãһƨ°͸˫ϥУֱ׾Сʯ飬һ£һţһ˳Ƶĳʯʯͷϣʹһ㾢һʹɫף亹ֱð
һһµ˻ˮƺҪΪľһ㣬ƽķ벻
һһţʱҲȻľĹЧ˶١ʱѾܲ˱۰ʹˡ
ȵĽŲ߽˿ںһ̵ƽüδͣδƽˮ棬һδƽһ𰡡
Ųδͣ٣ֱֱߵҲ࣬ƽȵĶ
˸ˣֵ𣿡ƽƽĻȴŵĳ
ϢЩңؿ֪һԼûʲôõˡ
ҪΪǡҺ鷴ȥ
ЦơãҵҲ볢ζʸ˵仰
ʪ˵ǰ˿һŲŲĸ繫æ־ʱ飬ĸ㲻̫ʡ
˿ΪĵͳһЦ˫ּ˫ϥϣ΢ſȣеš
ùȻǾþ£ҿǻع԰һ԰ԿһƬСأпտȥһ£Ķɳòء
Լڲȴ类ֵⷬǰˣΪǰҲһӣЦ
ĸһ磬һƬɽȴ̰羰ˣľػɲȷӿܱģû͵۹⣬ĸ﾿ֵʲôúòãҿһϡõˣһ
طGţɨһۣɫɽ꣬˵ҲǸĪ˼
õĺһһʯ飬Щˮǵͷϣ
ĸˣ޷˵˲Ը׵ĻĸȴʵڵЩƲ׵£ߵһ۱֣ɵ߲Ī֡
ŭɫ泩˼֣Ц
һ̴źݾ˵ҪģԼģһʹûɣûɣһʹ
ؽסطGһң·˿̵ұȴҡһĹȰοȴ˵ҡ
ɬһЦԸٿżȲõɫвϵĳЦԼԭҲ˶ѣһԸԼһʹˡ
вϻţǷҵģǷҵģ
ҧڻҲҪǷΣ
Ƿҵģѵܲңһеû
Ƿطλźǰװ׶ʧʱ⣬
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Ҷʱ亹ֱðɫףƺҽһȴ
ʹó󣬶صĻʹĺʹ
طGʹòͬѰɫˮ亹ֱðʹһһģʱô£ɫҲһףͷеҵ֡
쵰ٸҶҲ㣡ҴŨŨĿǻֹ
̧ͷһۣ˶˫Ҫ̧ҵ
ҲµĶӣµң
䶢һۣŶвʹͱ𶯣ҿɲұ֤
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мߣɫŭϵĶȴǻᡣ
СظĶ˺ѷεʹҴ׵ĺ¡
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ŰҩĨ֮ѾܶˣɸһᣬȻоʹָֻûĨҩǰˣԲŻᱻһʹ亹ֱð
طGסҵֺ󣬱㲻жάһƣͻƺʲôҲûзһ㣬Ц㻹ǸĲϰߣһҪҵˮĵطԼƽˮʯ顣
ҵ޶ԡ
˿Ϊ⣬ɨһۣƺҵľٶ֮У˵֪ΪʲôûԼΪʲôϰߣ
Һݺݶһۣ쵰ڴʱȻȤЩĵĹ
۽ǵɨһۣЦΪʼɡ
һپѻ𡰹˵
һָȻƽƵĺ桰㿴లãΪԼĲƽ죬Ҫ˽Ĵһˮп϶ŭƾʲô޶ԣƾʲôһɲ䣬ȴҪĥܼ尾
бɨһۣǴЦԣҪͬһų÷Ҳѵ
ͨ죬뵽ԼոնĪĳЩȻƽԸȴࡰûе£ÿ˶Լйķʽûô롱
ͻˬһЦΪȻʲôҪϲԺҵĻʹضĴˮߵĸ䣬ʱ죬ҵǣһˮĵط׼ܶʯ飬㾡ܵӣǡΪΪ档
ĿɿڴƿЦȴ͸Ƿƶͼᶨһ˵Щʲô
ͻȻس֡Բ԰
Ǹΰ˫ݻһȨġǰϲ棬һоеǷޱȵţ͵˵һ仰ֻƱ㣬ëֹ㿴Ⱦ֣־Լ˵С
ΪĿҴ壬ɨĿһУհ㡰֪ϲϣǺݣԲԣֹˮϵҶԲֺĸһݳҵĻʹ˵ĳƣ˵ѹ֣Ҫޣͣϸ£ϡһ㡱
ͻȻͷңŸиź
ޱ޼ʵĺУ΢ź촽ŵﲻϵţԲ԰Բ԰
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䣬ȻһʹϮңŹͷĲп죬ǵһ
ҲҰȫû֪Ļˡ
طGһĨǵóѵЦϷڵңƺ˵ⳡϷ㡪ˡ
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ұܵҡͷܾ촽ѪɫʹҽԸٳеڶΡ
Цһҿ־۹£֣סҵָ̧ıۣȴʹٴ١
һᣬĲĴЦУۣҵҡΣǱӦʹȴûӰ
Ҿһæ֣ŵҷ
ûʹ
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ҩǺҩϧֻҽȴ֪ʵˣѾ˹ͷİײź
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Ҷʱ׹ڵȣһͬµģĲ磬صĿݻƸҶңңģģ׹䡭
׵գȴǻ亹ȫ񱻳ѪҺףֻвҰף˫ֲĽؿڵɪɪ
үⲻģһΣ˸˿־ĶΣˣֻҪˣһָ
֪ʱߵ֪Լַʶʧľжãֻһ谵Ҳںڰתţۻ軨
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죬ãȻɨϼѰţѰſҰĵĵط
һСｹطѾ̸ſˡ
Ȼ̧ĨȥᣬײҪҵĲϼֱطȥΨһҪٲľء
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һҡͷûжԲ𣬲ҪԲطֻǣҪһ˭ҲܰǷֻֿ֪һĿ־ȫȻϮңδ֪ıڵңҺ£ҲҪԡ
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طǱ˵Ľ㣬ܵҵĺ£ҵĴҵĿ־
Һ뿪㣬±ֿĿ־塣
δ˵ĲȷڽһĻҺͷطʲôҲҪˣʲôںˣҪֻ㣬ֻҪһ

 96 

รűүҩ飬ƣȫһۼϼһ߰ҲŲһҷϲ
ջֵͷߵߣ۵գþò
ϼһʰһߺ£ֱȵ
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ǰĳãҪ˵ʥ⣬ַǰ;ģӦطɣѻһ·ԽԽˣֹԼҲֵ֧˶ٵ룬ƺѾһ޴У֮ǿջ֮һ˵ȶͷѾɷֹˡ
ûһͬȴǳУҲͷ֮ȴҲֻΪ壬ǹգûȥֻһ׳־Ƶңѹ֣ӲҪȥһĹâƽңȴҲͬһ㣬סڷֻУ˵ҵĸء
طGһϸˮ̤ʵϽ棬ȺӦ꣬磬ĳƺԽԽʵȻҲ˵ģ˰ÿĲ⣬ԽԽ͢԰Ȥĵ԰ĶīĹѳĸɮͷҲʵ
Ǵܷ飬ǷԻӡУ֮ģصѪпζ
ҼְѷյǰΪһȺ޹˿㿴طGŷ𰡣ôô
ҵģֻǵɨһۣΪˣҲŷġ
ЦĲŪһ£죬־壬һУѾ֤ˣδȷѩ꣬ŲпᣬѪıȡ
ӿʮ޴ӰԼ޺ʱѾעˣһ·ҵѣΪ
չֵ֮ǱȻѾɣΧ֮㣬֮Ѿң֮еκһ˿˲ˡ
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һ߻ŻһʵҲ˿˿㣬ׯԽԽãͷҲׯµĶĹңѧһգɵķԣȼɭϣ𱰷Ҳ£˵ϣܴһøõĻԭȻѾˡ
ʮķе飬ͷǰ磬ñʰŶԡ
΢ЦŽãкϼЩ㡰ô˵һϲŮ
ȡƽңֻΨĵϣƽģԶʳȻһڿ
һŮҲãʮһüˬЦ
ҵƤգգۣ˫ֱֶЦʵطԺӣϣŮźأǸЩŮŶԶġ
ʮժһѣУµŮá
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طαЩб֣ЦЦ
ĥŹȥϣѾˣԴӵ鷿Ҫôһ
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ҲرʮģԼȸжָ˵ʱκεǧﶼԵò԰ס
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ҵͷȻϷҲҪȫףȴҲĵײסЦԼκһ£ҲӲȵ϶ӲҪѿһ´ѳƣȻб
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շָõСǸҲϳⱴӸˣ⼸ʮİ˵ҲȻģҲ޲ɲ֮ԴȴԵ˼̫ࡣ
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һƷϰ̸֣˵أٳӵҲԵ⣬һڸĵʱ䡣ӷſҲͷЩܸͯɽܡ
СӺ̬ҲƽͣʱҲԼҪȥЩν飬Ҳ޷̫ĳǹССϣҲЩĸʱһⲻˣҪҶԶͷţһתԻˣŲʵⱧš
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ɵøиţԭʺķȣȻγ֮С
˵˵ȥӺУطGƽ֮ģ»ֻһˣҪ谮Ҳ֮еģƫֻź֮顣
˵ףطGĸڶΧƣȻԵõŨŨһǻ飬籩ִȻעϡȴҲüԵǻ
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ҵͷ磬ס¡Ķӣкǲԭ뿴һߵģῴһãطGˡ
طGͳһɨҵüȻһˣͽɡ
˿˵࣬ҾֽìܵĿԺǽ˲á
ĸ磬ҡҲòˣǵɩӺЩ̽
ɨҵĶһۡǶ¡˵㲻ᣬת˽ȥ
һ㽻ãͽȥȰοɡ˵һԣҹ
ҧͷ
รõӰ㲻ĵĽһ
ҽ˷ţطGһķš˽㣬Ҫлˡ
һ׿ûûп룬ʱﻹҪЩʱҲֻһʹʧӵĸס
һԣΪԼ˱ˮŴͷӮѾ޲ᣬ飬ʶƺѾʧˡ
̾ϴأϸůţΪ̾ɱᣬ˵ʱǳױҲҲٰ
ʧӣһĲʹķΨһ˿ģֻطGǷϧ谮
ۣյ˫ۣǰοĻҲ²ס֣ʳָĽָⱾ֮ϣҲͬΪвסĬš
粻ĺáһĵ
괺ϣ˵粻ʱҵʹ෴ԭĿ࣬ȥѡȥܣȴʹ
֪ӶҪҲҪİɡ
ֱԤϵˣǲǣ
ҵͷ
ط²豭ҲаҲţ
ұеתͷӱġҪҶģͬһҲϣ鷢۵£ֺγˣҸıʲô
صĴϢֱҲĸطGˣңĺСΪȻʮߣҲ޷ıˣң䱸ңҿԣǣⷬ
˵һ䡰Ȼ֪
ҿɬһЦ˵ţǴûз¹
طGͲǱ׼ݡϧ
ɣطG̸ĻǶûзⱲӣֻǷġ
ϸĶķӦ΢΢˿ãû統ĳͷŭ˫īڲףһھԶĹžţ
һ΢ּҲŵĿţϲطGطGɩһû£㿴
Ϊ߽סһĨ⣬ĺƽͣͷ΢΢һᣬİ˯ȥúˡ
Ϊֻػ㡱ϴأᱧᣬ
ָҲͷһ˵Ըҵͷ⽥ջعâָīڵĽָ
Ȿ֮ҪػĴҲӦңɩϣá
ͷš
ʹָһ£δ˵ֻϲ⹦ã㲻ҪɵҪժطGḧŻ԰ϸӣ赭д
ϱǣϸĵҴãϧźĽᣬصϢǻƣⳡڳʵǴɷ羰֪ΪǶжΪϧˮӿ£
һжû䡱ңԶֵͳС
Ҹᣬ̤ţϣһתĿ磬

 97 

ͬʮһ£Ĵʥּˣֻ丮ܰˣȻû˶ʮʱڰһʯǧˣʮٽһµŵ󸮵Ҳٰ
ⲻ⸮Ҫһ߰˸µУжΪ㣬ֻԺŲ˵ѾǵˣȻľǴΣָ⣬ôˣôҲҪԼС
ǰԺ죬Ȱڶ˲ʱصĽŲУף֮ƣЦЦҡҡͷǧ㣬үˣҲ˺һˣȥү˵ɱٺȶˣȻҵԺš
ϼЦζƤˣᣬү˭ҲȰˡ
ҳĴǷϼҵǰͷȥɩɩˣҲȥк
รū澿ǷĲүɡϼ㽭գգۣ첽߽ҵ
һڡôĵӣǼ޳ȥֺԺҪﵽͷˡ
ɥรɲū澵°
ϼŤѡรūҲˣôãūǻ̺㼸ء
ɵѾͷ̺Һͼʲôϵλһףߣ˭ҪҪǵͺáνİڰ֡
ӿǱ䲻˰źҲͦŶ˽
ʮɩǳˣһֱ˵ӣҲûȥ㣬죬ǿǺþûĹˡ
طĸڿû˸ţҪȥ뻹ǲŶ롣
ʮӺôǲǿҪ˰ָ˶ĶƤƤ
ҳգգۣһЦûô죬Ҫȹ꣬˵õһء
ЦˣüȴԽطӰӣ΢΢
˵ҲˣÿǶһӣϻұЩظֵˡңһȥ΢΢ЦЦͷȴѾִ
ЦЦкȲ㡰ɲһ˵ôء
ʮأһãŰͲסʵ
ǰͷҲûҲ룬ʹˡ
ӣ鷿ѧϰţۻˣûǰǰͷһˣڷ˯ء
ʾ⽭ȥСӣ겻ʱʱŽȭţѾͷôôܲסˡ
Լȥ桱ĺסΣǰڰ֣ŵĳȥʱͷգգۣҿοһЦϴʹȥԺǹģò硣
Щ棬ɱ˷ִˡĵĺһ
ʮɩСȥˡתЦòϼԶЩ
Ҫȥ
ҵͷţɩɩȥкѵ˾۵ô룬û£ġ
ЦЦͷתŲ豭ͻȻӻãҲǰǷˣɷġ
һ㶣ſڽ࿴óԣβŻع˫ĿȻֻпɬ
һЦʮֻһʱ벻ͨˣһϸչˣǳ¡
̧ͷ̾ҵ֣Ǹи
ǼȷʵѣҪ֣˵İʱ棬Ҳ㸮һЩ˵һӣͿ飬㣬иء
ҴۣʮɩֻǾ֮Ͱˣ˭û۲˳ģҲ󣬻æء
ɨһۣ˦ҵ֡˵⻰Ǹѿʮĵܿϣǰ;˼Ҳ̫ˣ˵Ļء
ҺǺǸЦԼ޽΢΢ȡЦʮɩأֻһôЩжӣһУǶЩɱ֡
Цˣһ֪ȥɣʮĵҪҪȶˡ
ҵͷﴫЦֵ
㲻һͬȥ𣿡
ҡҡ֡ˣǰ˶ೳͷۣһᣬȻͺͲˡ
һʮɩѵóһˣôܾء
ˣ˵ҲһˣʮڸҪˣҲءЦЦ
ֻܵͷŵŵ£ϼҳȥ
ԺŻͷȥȻάŸղŵţһҲδŲ֪Զ޷ڵҹɫƺΪһ塣
รЩ˶ɱײˡ
ϼһ߳ʱкÿһСķҡ
ϯԼˣˣã˵ЩӵȴԵֲҲ׽Щ
ȵƫк߶һȥ
ƫֻкţȴ֪ȥ
һŨľ˱Ƕüסæ˰ѴӴЩ˫һɨĶʱ˰أû뵽طGҲڳ
Ӵˣʮģˣȥӭʮһתͷңæкʮĵ
ҿţǷǷЦӲ㣬밲дû𣿡
Լ˾۾ۣһ֣ŶӻкһǸǼ˵д𣿡尢ȻЩȶˣɫͨ죬ˬһЦ
ڰ͡
ô࣬ʲôײ˿ôáʮļҽæ±ӣҡ
ûµģСֵ֡ɨһۣ΢΢죬ôǰҲһЩ
ʮģֲͷһ̥̫ˡ
طGͷ»оƣ䲻ȵǻˣ˵Ҳûֻ֣һЦ¡
ŮӣǴ£˵⻹أˣҲûءŰҲ䲻ȵĻһ䣬һš
΢΢壬Ҳûȥӻֻ̧ͿȣطGϾŰ磬ʯʲãϢС
ֱ̾ԼǲʱѾûа˰һԲԲ棬Űʮ¶ԼˣŰƽʱΪҲȣܸɣȴôѹƲסҪطG̨Ϸز۵»û£ᣬԾɻǻطGʹ
ɨһۣЦҿﶼȵòˣٺȥүɵſˣ£ȥһЩѾøλүȻˡ
ɲʱʮģǹˡ尢Ͼ;ŰֵܣԸܵܺطGˣæĻЦ
һƣ߽ŰŸ磬ⱭҪģ˵ԶģϴξŸҵҩءЦĵݹ֮ԡ
ȴһңһһ
ҲõɨطGǺ£ΪʲôǵҪֲ죬ֵء
ŰӹƱ׵òؿ֮Ͱˡ˵һ
Цþ
ЦŸ磬ǸչӪ죬ҪˣԲ԰үһ׳طգգۡ
ǵȻģˮʮһȻ
һЦ̧ƣͬ
Űȵסҵ֣ʮĺطGҲ̧΢΢ֹסҡ
ԭȽźȾƵİֻڨЦ
ʮķɿطGĿһۣҷһԡӣȾƣˣҲһЩ
ҶʱһƳǺ죬Ϊ֣ĵίֻɨʮһۣͷֽ
ʮģֲʲô£ȱưˣҸӣʱԺūIӣ磬Ҳû¡ʮһӣЦ
ȴıЦֱôôʮ縮ڣȥܣʮҲ֮ˣҲӲԸЩۻᣬǴֵĶ࣬Ҳ뷳ġ
ʮϰ㸮ϵĸ˵£ǵǲڣ˵ķݣŰ΢΢˹Цǿ˭˳ۣ˭Ҫһˡ
Ÿ磬⻹ð죬ұĲ࣬찡ܲסƽʱүˣȻᰡҾͰʮ米ʮɩ˵Ļȫһֲ©ıȥЦֱˬһѸгԵÿȰڳǶˡ
ǳڣ˺ͷ󣬾Թ߳Ϊʮĵˣء
Цתɨʮģ΢ˬıͷЦЩӲʮȴҲûɫֱ۽˽ңǶ˶ҪЦЦ
գգ̧ۣ֣עûЦԼһЦ˳
ʱõЦ죬ֻʣ±ͨʮĺʮ硣
ЦȴССãڿĺв׵ƺƽƺֿ籩㣬סر任ֻһδҵһһһϲһ˼ȫ棬ֻǻеһһžƣƺ⻳ˮľһ㡣
ȻֵĺȾȰƣ˵ЩȤĵ£ڣƺղйδ㡣
ҧҧջڵĵЦݣһžƱһֳأбţ˵ĴɨʱЦЦȴҲʱʱҵľٶһңȥһ̸ĿԣȻĽ̫ӣɵһȫʤջ񣬺Цһˬ¾ơ
ŰȴûдĶĿƱ˽кеȥʱ˵ЩʲôЦݽӲֻǳųǣòŤ
תͷطGҲЦЦĻ񣬿žŰĿķ̺һĿȻֻǴЩϧĿҡ
ҵ͵ͺһʰһƱͷ£ζȫҲ˸ڶﲻ˼£ܽüģ϶Ƥ
ôֲϼһڸʲô쵹ˮ
ʮĲõ˲˵ҵҺľ죬ʮεļС
ϼæĵˮ
Ҹսӹϱջ֣ԵЩĲɣƲ̧ͷֻѾͷ˫ֱ㶵ĿžŰ磬ĿƵģεʵĵƹ£ӿɷŰ粻Եɨһּۣ˵ͷ˵Ȥȥˣǲϼ񱻹׾һ˫Ǳһĺ졣
˵Ĵۣϧһ÷㡣˵Ű粻طG飬˶ѵͲǾ飿檻𣬸֦չΪǷݳ谮ֺ䲻Լ
ʮЦЦ§§ңҶߵѾͷҲȵһ߸ѧϰţõʱҲõƿ⻰Եĳɷݴ
طҿɲŸѾͷ⣬ݺݺġ
ʮȻʧЦʾ̧ͷԾĲϼŪˣǾŸ类Ѿͷء
ǵͨ졣
𼸾䣬ܼӭһС̫༱Ҵҽˡ
С̫żģڰ綼ͣİСӣǹʲˣ
С̫ͷҪͷ밲æס
λүҪūλүҪ̡
ڰӣİ侲Сӣǹ﷢ʲô£
С̫ϻ̳Ͽ֣ɨɨˣС̫үˡ
һ˵½¹ڼá
ȻУعһ۱ɨطGķ򣬿־Ķһ㶣һ˿˵ɫȴغһ󲽴߿ȥ
ãȻ񣬿ֱͦıӰ˼
ϼȥǲˣϢʮĵͷһҲȥ
ղŻֵĴһӿյģֻʣҺˣݵǽͻδɢ֡
ͻȻһЦƬ̵߽ҵǶ֮ﰡ̫ӿǡ¸չûأ಻סˣû
Ҳ˵ºͲϼˣֻ⻰ôҲֳϾˣ
֪ⷬҵģҲſҵЦء
õ£ǻ۵ĺáεתҲ߳á
ӭҹ磬ŲϼããҹɫĨӰ
һԺţֱɨΣѿտҲԺҲָƽĵһ𣬶ŶҽԺæ
˯ˣҵʵ
ͷţร˯ÿأղ̫ˣ֪˵ϺͲϼһЦ
조㣬ԺŹˣүˣҲȥЪϢ
ʰ׵ԼڵķУŷķҶԶĴԽԽ䣬ԽԽÿ־ӿϣȴƫƫıղۣҡҡͷСķǽ棬˷ţ˴ڣСţžЩů͡
طԭô벻ˣûǣӿɸôء
̿ʣСıЩԼҲѾů͵ıѣӵסĵıۡ
ĶӣﹾµǶ𣿡
һ˿
ꡭ
ʧЦĿСӣѰ꿴ñȶصö࣬ɵý͵㰢£첻ˡ
ŶһŰĵסңһʲôʱӺôŶʹʹĵͷ⸸ƽʱ˵ҲͬãҲ̤ʵЩ
ʱӸء
ȵСҵĶƤ˵𣿡
ЦЦͷȻԣ滹ᶯء
𣿣
Ȼ
㽲¸Һ컹ûнء
ã찡ǽèĹ£ǰһֻèʶһֻʵС̸ĺøУǣԼһΪӦ죬һ跨ŪһͣΪ˰ȫǰͲڽ˲ãè˻ѣ˵ݼСèҪȥͣûľͬˣèܵã͹ޣѶϵһͳԹˣСèȡʲô֣è˵û˶㣬֣ôȡ֣
ֹ˲ãèˣ˻ѣ˵ݼСèȥˣΣèܵһһ룬ԲĹĵĶƤ룬ûʲôȳԵԼӰȫˣεСèʲôأè˵гһ룬ȵôôֵ֣
˵һξͻеڶΣèˣͬĻѻȥ˽ãʣµͳԵøɸɾŶ룬Ҫȫ˶ӣ˰ءʣȡʲôأè˵гԵ⡣ú֣Ҳû
һ죬Ҳûжˣ뵽ǹͣè˵߰ɣȥһ٣ǵ˽ãȴֻտյĹӣô£סèè˵ٶ£ҰҲˣǣһ̽
һ˵ţѳߣϻ΢΢Ц⣬ҸиŵıۣŵֻԼȵҲֻΪԼǷİ
磬ղҲطGɾнھɽͤ
ֻΪǼ̰˰磬Ű磬ʮ⣬˰ա
˴ε̫¼˵ԼʳԸֻҪһ죬һܷüĿЩŹ
ȴЩ˽Ű統һ̸ˣΪӣѾעˣӱܲ˵ˣǲ룬Ҳ᲻ı̧̨棬˴˻һûһλǺƽģѾ֪Լˡ
ӱܲ˵ġ
ѡ¸ȥԣȻʧܡ˰ֺγأѵ˽⣿Щˣֺγ֪ûпأ
һȨģӣӵùȥ

 98 

̫װԷˮ飬в̫ҽԱŴ磬д£Ϊ󽫾ɰڴһ٣бˮһս֮⡣
¼¶̫ճ׵ʧȥκεĵĿܣʧģŭҹٸ󳼻ҹ¡
طæת࣬æ̫ӵ£⸮Ҳ䶯ĶˣھŰˣľæţԵЩ
ԺҲչص㣬Ҳµæġ
İԽԽԺҪ½ģ԰Ҳ࣬һ滮Ǵ󹤳̣ʮæţϲпܼҵĵ㱨鷳㲻ȥ鷿ĴԺ
ȴǱܲʮĴ鷿ĺӣһ㵽ԺѧϰˣðҲ˵˼Σܱʮ𣬴ǸĴ󰢸磬ЩôѣҿϾɵĹȴִļţֻܿŴҡҡͷ
ղϼֵĽҲֻôЩ뿪鷿ҲһԣҴǷСĹΣͷˣȥ˯ɡ
ϲĿңȴɾӿʮĲĵͷ
ü߽ʮģϵ顣
ʮĲõ̧ͷʱ仹磬̫ˡ
С˯߶࣬˯߲㣬Ļãȥ˯ɡ̲ס˸Ƿ۾ˡ
ʮ̾£ô£æʰ͵͵գգۣһ˳ȥ
Ӳ㣬ԺҪˡ
§סľȫſʮϣųصƤҪ㻹֪ѴʲôʱȥҪôģôá
ļҵİ粻ģңʱһڲúõʮĲΪ§ңһ£ַýζ
ˣԺôŪûУ
ҲҡҡͷûʲôðŪģɣסϰˣ䡱
ôУʮһڻؾ
֮ҪŪҲУϾҪ꣬꣬ҲҪˣһһҿܲ˳֣ԺﻹЩ徲⸮ﳳ죬˲ðһ
ʮķ飬ͷһᣬţҲԣԺҲ󣬵ȺŪ٣ӣȰѲٳ
һܹˡ
ʮ̧СӽСıһԺӡ
ԽԽҲҪ꣬⹤Ҳͣˣ⺢ƫԼûȵ꣬ȲģȻڴҹǰһ죬˳ͷ
һæңڰҹ̧˲
ԼоãҲǵ̥ˣЩ飬ǱʮĲϼҪɺЩʹܹҲģʹİҲû̫δ֪Ŀ־壬ǰĵŲţһһʹʶѣ⺢չûĥң賿ʱ˳ĳ
ϼһֱŵߣҹģСĵĨźֶƺҪľˣСĵķбá
ʮĳ˽ӿϼءô𣿡
ЦЦǸŮطǵŮƽң
ʮòŰƽңһͬСĵĿţʮֳ谮ıֵ䶯촽ЦǵŮƯ
ЦŵͷʾսЩ
طҶ˵ŮģƣŹ˰ҹͳˣûʲôء
ǲǾͲ۴ˡ̧һ۾ܽﾪֵĸ󡰰ѽҵСӣ
ʮЦЦ֣¡á
ϼвѾͷôôʹʹɫһȥ
ɵǶǰĺӣô᲻㡱
ҿطֱۣƶӣֻбͷůůһЦ
չЦգĻϲĴСͷԣĿȻ۵ƽң־ҪȥʮæסܶžͺãûС
ջ֣ҳҪء
ʮĶĿһЦůؿãıů͸жġ
֣ʮı˽ҰûԺӣҺЪϢ
ӣãѾĶˣѩʼڻ紺Ҫ١
ʮڳķˮ𣬸ְճ̣ƽңһ춯Ҫ޵ø죬ûӣʮһᵽ飬˼⣬Ҳһͬҽ˹
ϲúʮѧϰ飬С˺ü죬ԺڻʹÿҲԶ˯ЩʱЩ㹻׵ʮֵˡ
ƽң̫ɣ⺢ӿɱ𴺶޶ˡұŸ˯ƽң͵졣ͷĹض࣬Ů̫ƽʱŵĺ󹬣ƽʱúܣǺʺƽң
һͲЩأ⹬ͷƽʱûʲô̫ӹõЩˡҡҡ֣΢Ц
˿أ⼸ֵÿӣĸƾӹ˵ҲպֵܵʱճˣĹҲЩľͬһ㣬Ҳעת¶
Ҳʱ룬һӣиûأŮˣܾи֮ˣʱҲÿ谮Լ˵⣬ĸ֮⣬尢;ŰĸҲطGطȥԶ
̫˵ִǷִѳһĸԶԶľٶҲʹ飬ֵ˲ֹìܼӾ磬ҲźطG붼Ƕôµ飬ŬһıһΨֻ˸߸ϣߴʤĻλĶǰŶԹ벻ǣҡɹ񣬴δѡ
ΪԹʵܳԼΪˣҲ˼
ҵ͹Ե⹬ˣԶĲ˵ҲԺֵҲһˡʱңǴƳյļį
˵طG䲻ȣɶϱɾûô˼Ҳ㵥˵ҲѧϼУҲϵ⡣
Ƿ޿ԽԽˣӿûӰȴҲӲ黳Ͳ̸ۼ䣬ӲطG䣬Էܳ裬ƺѾ̫ңԶʮֵģˡ
ɵÿЦҲʮϧطG빢ͻĳ谮ҲΪԷңĺӵݰˣʮ꣬һܳĹϺ͸ŵ⣬껳˺ӣҲ°ˣֻҵĲһ˼ˡ
ǵʮֵľغТ˳Ҳҫ͸˼Եࡣ
˵ĸӲϣɵõҲǲ֮еĴҰɡ
糿ƽңţԼȥ̸һ󣬱طG档
ٻεһȥ磬ʱʮⲻҪ߶һЩĵˣ԰ڵСͤ紺̫һҲȥֻǶ崿ڣĵҲࡣ
Ҳʱ̽ѧϰڳƵĹ֮࣬ŵЩȤ
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ȥͷսʧطGʱңôۿɰĴƽңһֱĭʮģҵķҵļѾô뿪
žԶʱҵ˺ѣҼңԶ˰ɡ䲻ͬһʱգţͬʱڹԼӣȤ˺Ρ
Ҳұ˰ʮģһĴ䣬ҲǰǷծ;СˣſԽӵĹʱգȫҵΡ
ʱų嶯Եһ֮ôķݣҴЩɵͷһӿɸôŵľǣһǿҰĵġ
˵Զģ⸮ˣӲİų㣬һߣӭҵģǷƮҡӡ
⸮ȴҿ־ͲطG֪ʱһͷҪĥңĥԼ
˵ǸõĴȥɹǷǶ࣬ܳ裬ҲһรŹֻܸˣλԼĿռ䡣
˴ط˵ѱ¶ƽˣûдϹսľ飬һôͷѧһпգھӪͬʿǴţʱѾ۵òӣôЩ΢ķļ¡
̣󷽲ȣǴɣţ⼸꣬úȥɣδĿڵţ˵⸧Զ󽫾ͷղܵӤڻֺβһĥء
̽ڸǰˣǷȴûʱú̸ʽگһ£⸮Ҫһŷĵߵġ
ôֺ꣬γ֪ҲǲᣬƽҲϣһЩ̫˸еĻ⣬ֻһֵ֮˵һ׳־ĴչȭҲ˼ġ
ģʱɢȫҹϢͣ»ε΢΢Щͷεǧ̾һᣬ̤ǱķڣܹҪӦİ
ɨһԺ䷿䣬ʱֻпյŵռ䣬ԭ֮룬Ʋǰ¹ɨݷ̧һһ飬һ߾꣬Щһͻֵء
ʵĶ򿪿䣬ڵأú󣬱ҪΪװװ¹ⷿĶսȥȴղؼ͸飬Ũҡ
̧ģĿһȦƲסӿ޳տϢȫǶĲᣬߺδĿ־壬һįĶл
û߿־䣬ôһ㣬һߣǰеĸоƺû˻֧ҡҡλ˰һ㡣ķһΣȻ
ȴ޷ĽŲ
ԭΪԼ֪ǸѾ׼˼̵ıݣԭµǰȴһôûУĲ᲻Ըӯҵ飬һ˵겢ûйʱ̬Ͱҵû
⾲ĺҹһ·㼣ͼůűģȴֻҸӵѹԼסУʧأУطҪߣҲҪ뿪㣬ǣѾ벻˴˰
ǿʮ꣬²ŶԷ⣬ôĲۣò׹İӣһһյĳ죬ȿ֤ÿһɳͬһͬϲһͬǣƾһ֪һ·ϸСĵΪţΪţΪ㵣ţ飬ģˣʵʵڵӡǡ
ͻȻҶȥȴ޷ֹ׳־Ҳֹìܣô졣
ǶСάǰһİƽӣһһЩپһЩǣʱʱͣ¹Ų
ˮʪϥһ飬ԺŵĽŲ͸ƣ͸ųأһҵĨȥᣬæҵĹ¹ţ죬طѾվſˡ
ҹ΢ҡΣӳǲ岻ɫƺһӳţֻʣԶȴңңǣԣǷݲŨŨ֮鴩Էߣֱĵף˲ʱģδƽ˼ٱңһǿһˡ
ʮĵЩɣЩҴݳŰĳ
˦˦ ӣ߽ݣ⻽ϼˮݡ
ϼźˮͳȥɣ̺ˣȥЪŰɡɳƵĽΪʮĵ˱Ȳ衣
ʮ֣սţƣݡ
һߣô죿ʮı۲ס̾Ϣҡ
ǿջЦȤʲôô죬ˣһ˻˺üء
ӹǿҲʤⱾǺõģֻ⹬︴ӣôѧᣬôġʮҽӲݣһһ»ҵľᡣ
ҳƻᣬ޵ʹӿͷǣͻĺ
طҪ˵Щ˸еĻʱúúϧءЩ׾䣬תһһýΧ
һӵگ飬㲻߶ȥ˰˸縮ϣͬŸʮһ˾ۣһߣ󣬵ǶЩɩ˵˻ֱˬģȥ˸縮ߣӦЩ㡱ʮĴӵסȴͷ
Ҹж֣ͣĿĵͷʱ˵ʲôأǶ֪ϣʲôӣֻط²֪̫Ů֮΢ĹϵϣҵԹжٲͻֻףܵ˵壬ܿڣ
Ϊһˣٲġοΰ˰硣
˵ȻҲ֮ѡֻϣڸУ͵λеģ˰ЩӵĹϵͷ
⸮סֺγֻ֪ˣݹأֻܳϽ䣬ȴҲܹݶ˵ҲǶǰʮİ
һԣ˵Ǿ䣬ӣҲЩЭΣ֣ƾγ̶ȣô᲻
Ȼǻӣһ֮ɶŮ˼£Ҳ֮࣬ô˽⡣
ǹһ£˵δʣҲһЩġȻҲŰһͬȥҰ꣬Ŵ⡣
£ǲҲǿⲻ˵ֻضУǷ޵ദģʽݱ֣ǱĬУӰű˴ˡ˼룬ȫȫΪŶԷӶԷ뷨Լ
ط۽ˮУغţ΢΢ᣬᣬˮĴУ񣬶ŷӵѽ֮£Ǿ֮£Ǹ£ŵġ
ͳϵ˵˵˴һλᣬֻǿ治ˣأһһر㲻Ƕ̵ճ̣οʮӣ˳ããĴԭı߽Ҫһ֮;καʣ˵ʧȻ
еḶ̌ȴ˵Ĳοһһء
ĵĪˣңûԣӦһӵĸ֪еļѣϣһİңҲֲ̫ࡣ
Լδ֪ҸëϸϸİĦţһļ⣬ˮ󱳵ˮ飬ٲĻ£סĲӣѱļ
᲻㡱طص̾Ϣһˮ£صת˫ˮʹϢ۵ѹҵĴϸϸշתţɬɬᣬһǿ࣬ľţһƷɬ
խСڣֻҵĺ໬ˮòϢ
ֱϢþŲʲԸ˫ͨ΢΢ſؿű˴ˡ
ֻһŨŨ飬һӿ飬Ѿﴢˡ
طңôĴˣѲǵǲ£򵥳嶯ˣͬһЩСĥǲɱģοϻлʸһɩɩأ˵ˣߣڣʲôֻԼ£һС߽İ´أˣǸԶ󽫾Ц
ʰëĨȥϵˮۣЦ
׵ģֻǡ
գЦЦִף֪ô
ҿ߽ս¿ɵȲ̫ãҲǽյˣﻹҪæЩ·๤򣬰˸Ÿ綼ءҴŤëˮա
ʮĵ͵͵һ˦˦ӣ̤ľͰҲ֣¼ϡ
ҵãֻⰢ̫ãƽң˯ǰ߶㣬˵ôûлҺ˺һ˯΢ͷЦһ߿¿ۡ
ʮЦЦ§ҳȥսŵĸߣǲ̫ʧˡ
ҲõһֵŴӣƫϲ赶Ūһףٸǽ³趼Ȳ㱧תһȦǲתⷿһվҲҪֵúϲ£족
ʮĹһЦڴϡ˵ģûˣٸҹۣˡ
۾ƣķ´ʡܱˣԼסģǻû˵㣬ǵԼС
ӴᵹǺͶվһ߶ˡʮıҽ棬ϱӡ
˭˵Ķԣ˭ġұĿĲ̤ʵĻع顣
ǵСñ𣿡ʮĴ˵ƣͻȻںڰг
ҶӡţǵأñӿɳˣǻỹҪôš
ɱСñӿЩͷأ˷˭ˣһӶ뿪ҡʮĽӽҺǺһЦ
һ㶣ͻЦǲģǲƭ˵ġ
ʮҡҡͷȻģ㲻Ѿ벻ˣ
Ҳõ˭벻ˡ
˵ˣﻹ˵ˣñҴ˭ͷϣֹѶԷ˩סˣҲһءʮĹһЦѹϡ
Цõؿ
ʮץӣסǣʵʵңһ˲䣬ǳֻǣֻʣǵۺڰ
طһ㣬һʲôأһΪ
ңԶĲ벻ԸѾģˡ

 101 

δڰһ±̫ɥ´ϣԺļ챣뿵طiΪ̫ӣÿŭһɱĴոˣԴڴӼٲҹȻ۴£ֻ˽µײ²ⲻѣһȻ˲ʲԵĽ
챣ʱ볯سڳ֮ұ׳ĳ棬ֻʮĻظɫ֪߰˷֣ǰĽţ֮¹ϵŴؿǣ֮ϧɱ̾
̫ӵ൳ҳѾȥˣΪķҺԿһʱʱְҲˡ
˽ڳҲЩǸŭԣѪȲпĳ棬޲ſԴ˵޺Ͳľģֻ֮ڣȫܶסʱѾǲòϾˡ
ΰգ챣һֵ÷з£糯Ǳ̬ãֻݲṫ֮󣬲Ǹиŵ˵̫ϵķҺͶңĲѣȻڣҲûа취еİ취ĳֱ˵磬һʱ˵硣۲ݡ
ܹҲǸҲ˴󲿷˵ģֻϢϢص˲Ӳ²ѡ
ҲϺˣǸʱ䣬ҲǶȫºȺĽ˾棬ҲʹԱΪȥ²ʱֺͶ򣬰ղ׼ȷĿܼеĽɸǿĵš
ʱʽķ޷磬طG˰һ·ܳձΪԶ󽫾ʮģʮ˵ӿʮһ·ܵӣһְ֧˰磬Լδʲô𣬽ύʱ˵˿˿ϣȴֻǿбȨˡ
˰һֱļ̸ӵĹϵȣǲЩҲ˵һֱָսطGˣطGЩĲʵʵڵģ۵ĳɼһʱ֮أ
˵һ˵̱̤ʵ£ڷܵ翵һֱڻУԶԶ֮͡ҶЩȨصĲ¡
οһߣ߻ʵԶϢͨΨһģֻǴñʤ̡
ѡ˻ԥ͹۲쵱У˭Ҳ֪һľƲֹ˿壬ңҲ޴֪λ֮˶ٸҲ˵硣ûжۡ
ֻﲻϸЩĹϸڣЩԼͷֳطĪȦĹǨ񸮵ĽӹܣЩ޲˵طGλͷ
Щ֮ѾﵽȻʧأطȴȦڸ⾿ط飬ΪطGλʵ֮𰸣ֻ֪
˴ھԲᵥյıȨԶڱ߹صʮģطGУʹ㳯ˣһһ⣬ڿʮ꣬ʮĳǰϦѾγˡ
һһ˿ߣ仯֮죬֮ӣ˴۾ӦӲL
ʵڲȥ룬ԭʮĵãֹΪ˱߽İΪطG˳λߵһô׳ȴҲʧһ̻
ĺϷȴ̻󣬴ŨдţĻ߽طG
ţЩ˼ȴԽԽԽԽ
Ҳȥ룬Ĳȥ룬طô㣬ôЩпʵ㣬ȴ޷˵֣ſҵңˮ£һһصţȴûĵطǱһǣţ£ֵȥﲻʵʵڵĽӴ档տյģصģš
Һ޿ѪĵˣһһʧУУʹУЩյ׵Ķġģôġ
Ҳ֪ʲôΣʲôȨʲôǴңʲôСңģֻһʼϱʮĵĲรţ߸ϵĻʸǻǸʵڲһøף
طô죬ô죬ôùһЩ㿪һЩ˭ҡ
ʼңʼҰұʹſ棬˫ѡ
ӿϵĿ̰ͷţķųؿᣬͲѣһЩӿͷǧѹ£ҿſԲֹͨ졣
ֱſڳĽŲͣԭأҲŵͷᣬ̧ɳƵϼʲô£
รǵǰԺ۲͵ӡ
Ŷ֪ˣû𣿡Ҳͷңңǿտյӡ
󰢸ڹˣǻϵ˼ϼţŤëݸҡ
ü͵һƽңŵ԰ɣҪӡ
รӸѳСɽˣһֱʲȥ⡭ϼһ֧
ëߵǰԺŨŨɫ̾˿ʱĻ˼մǷǣҪԹҪޣү̺ɡ
ร治ū⼸ƵǰԺˣü۲Ժүһߣ⡭
ϼЩúøջȥϣתѾϢֹ
ϼŵСף˫ֽţҧͷ
סߣסĶƮңԶ
ϼôãЩҲһЩģ˵ĺͿҲ˽µۣɸ˵˵ģܵиסймҹ棬ʲô£һһڵףҪףЩ£һЩ£ǿƲˣǿġүҲˣֺαִүΪ֮¡
þȴϢϼ˵һ£ǻʡรūףū۸ġ
ǷᣬתͷԺ۵飬ʱغģںģ㲻ˡЩʮʲôطôƫĵһ٣Ǳܲ˵ġ
ôԹޣǲƽҪҸйһֱƿڵӣѡ׳־ԶҲסǴ˷ӿĺˮˣǣһϢϢˡ
һǰԺڼ⸻ݻȴԴԴϵӿ⸮ˣв㲻⣬ˣȴûĲˣԼǷʹУˮ︣ǴҲˡûе·
ͷ밲кںߣϵĶ棬ǹӵһƹ»꣬ϢǽʣãϣԼǰ͸մһ˿һңߡ
Ӵ㿴ңضûˣ£λôҽġСֵһ֣üΪ
ϼ죬ǵͨ죬ǰһ˵üⶼԸûôིο⼸궼ϰˣվɾͺá
ǹû㻻ҵĲˣЩСЩүĻϲûص¶ɻǲ˲٣үǴ󽫾ˣ⸮ɵңأЦ𣿡ЦЦ߽ԵĳűǸ
ϲŭˣŰϷ⻰ͷ˼ľ䲻ǵءʮĵĻϲڣǣøսİֻ룬ᣬҲ
ҲҰ˫Ȳȣȴǲ£ֻ￴ķ
ţ˵һ߾꣬檵λҲֱ˵ϰˣοأˣ㻹ɡɫϷҲóˡһһˣǧ
ϼۿӲ߽߽ңԶλãһɨĿˮѾۿźתһգҪ䡣
̾Ϣһ֡
ǼҪĸ縮أľƣǴġ
ʱǶǹңԶõĻλˣôڶһһƲţǫĵͷɬȴ˿˿
ȻһЦ΢Ǿ֮ͣүĺӣǵĺ𣬶ҶӲԴҲԼӰһء
ЦͣʱðţĿгӲеҡ
⸮үһ£Ϊүˣ⼸¶Ϊææ£㣬ȴ껹Щˣ۲ͣѵüһ桱֣쾲
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㣬⻰ƫˣƽүǷģĺ£ֻǼˣϲ족廰
ЦЦߺ
үһߣ⸮ʣǽˣɵó߶߶ǸⲻҪ˻ô⸮ӲأүŻãءתͷ˵ѻ
ͷ͵תߣֻͲͣĶţЦţûûˣͷԣֱɻǲЦЦǳ棬ͷסı任ⲻĻѡ
ֱҺһԿˣҲų˿ջЦýӲƤĲԣʳ֮ζĶ꣬˰͸ǣܰ
ֻ̺ɿҲҰӣʱǷң¶ϧ԰׳һЦ⺢ӣСʱһأתѾôˡѾǶµĴˡ
ʱҴҰ
֮ ѵʱʱЦЦֻǲʱԺǵ衣
԰շ㲻ٴνӣɵǻϲ񣬱ȥڻǴʱ֪Ҳ֪
ٷҲǸҸԤ棬ССԤ档
˿ԵúöˣΧмʱͷЦţת꣬볯͢ˡ
򿪹ţǲᣬҲֻһһˣϸıʰһؿڣȻζ˵Ϥ˵İģƺǿȱסңסطѩɳž˫ȦסһȻǷƽ
߽Ķ䣬ⱱǸӣǿ׳ҲüѵӦ˷纮ôãûߣʱ뽫ʿǺȵôô죬߽ãʳϰ߻᲻Ҵţδ뿪ǣԹЩ
ִ֣ܵвЩ嶯ͲʣȻʱˣȻҲסġ
˰Ե㷺ڽύҲƾŰ羫ȻΪźͿϧҲףҵطǻλĺѡطGһ̤̤ʵʵĸ֮ˣȴҲݲ̫˼˼ǡ
ܵĳ谮һ·˳ʱĳ嶯곤ɳţǻ£ΪһûԸҲһֱŬţһһıšĹ켣Ȼı任š
˰طGСԾҲã˰ʾҲã죬ıˡ
ร·ʰˣҪٿһ𣿡ϼʵ
ջ˼űŪ۵ѣתǶѵӡ
ˣϼȥɣʣµ
ϼͷ¡չţΪȵүô
ҾϲĿ첽ǰţʮĳЦЦ̤һһš
԰շ𣿡
ҵͷ˩˨ţǰԺԵģϲЩ㡱
ʮĿһۣ߽䣬ַţһŻ͵͵گĽ췢ˡ
һʲôʱ򣿡
߽ң§ڻһŵʮ³һ˵Ǻӡ
ұ۵ͷڶ˰
ô࣬Щáʮ£Щ㲡
̸ɬĺͷ
ÿһҶţһڼҴţңţ
Ҳ̧ͷֻܴ΢΢ͷ
㣬ôġʮ̾Ϣһҵ֡
΢΢һЦɵϣҪӦģӦңȥǱߣһҪúչԼǲǳĺȾƣ׼嶯Լˣڼᵣĵ
˵ˣ㳣ңȥ߶ڹˡ
͵ڶҪߣط˵ôòá
ҲûдԺӣӸôȻͲ󣬿Ҳܶˣ˵ЩĵĻôҲߡ
ʮĲΪЦЦɵڹʰԽ̻壬֮ã㻹ʲôĵģ⹬ͷֲԶȥ߶߶ͺˡ
ǻʸ˼ҲɵҲǿʮģһУ
ţʰױϲҲȻܾˣǷָ꣬СԵߴţѾʮˣ⼸ҲΪ͢ѧʮϸĵĽְͣ̽˰ͷ
üͷ̾طҲ𣿡
ʮЦЦͷɲǣΪһ𣿡
Էǻᣬ̫ǽʲ糯£ҲЦ
иŵĽϣʵط𣿡
ʮıңҷ䣬۰ʱȴأ۵ֱڶﻳʹޣǿ󣬻ȥʰ깦βý
ȴЦЩɳǣǶݵһȴ˶ٿʹ
طһգЩӣԸ𣿡
һ춼ӡ
ط㲻ǰ˰磬ҲЩҪύĳҪЩ滰֪˵֮⣬ڣʻΪʱɡ
ЦЦˣ˯ɡ
ţˣ쵽ǰԺ˳ʵϲʮĵͷ˸Ƿ⿪ϼӡ
æǰæʲô˳˳Ƕٷ궼ˡ
ʮҵ֣̾ϣǿЩ
ҳЦЦԼһͬϼӣ
ǣҵö⽫˵ӡ
ʮЦִ𡣡ѵǲʶ۴ӣͦģġ
΢죬С̤ϴ㻹ǵأԶ¶ˡ
жԶ¶ӡһҴ𲻴ó
ãɱ˵󻰡
ء
ꡭ
㡭
ϷϷ
ϡ
˵һȡ
Ǻǣҽ
Ҫ
㻹Ҹˣ
˭ˣˣ㡭úãƽˡ
⻹ࡱ

ԭһҹȻô̡

 102 

̶̰°ˣмҲǴС²ϣʮҪæŽӽ·͸˽ҲʱҪͬһصľƺ״ĴСȻǹܲ
ҰĵĹԺӣƽңҲԺ䣬˵ͬദƣƽңҲˣ̺ǸĳŮº͹ɣǰԲҲƽңŮһͬں԰Ϸ棬ͶһԿţҲĵȥӿʣҲ䣬ܲԺƽοҲڣҵľʵû̫Էָ
ʮĳԽǷԼżðʱӿϣҶԱ϶ʱѾ̤ʵĸо˿˿ĲȺҡΣʱͻȻһҺµ뷨һͬͷ԰ʱһҳһξޱ䣬ͻȻʧȻͻȻʧȥһУҪһµĻ֮Ŀ־塣
Щ뷨ʮģƽңʱʮֵĲͺ£ϣԼٹһЩһЩǶûҵҲܺܿӦڽܡ
ⱾԼƾյĲ²⣬ֻԽãͻʱӷҵŢͻȻðһݣ΢΢ģĴҡ
ûЩ뷨ΪʱǶôĻͲ˼飬ôһҪʧôһУԵ˵Ȼ
ʼܻյġ
รһˣҪҪߣϼһԳҡ
ʧЦĻԼͷⶼЩʲôҲĸóɷһģԼ֪ʲôѹĶԼĻҡ
ϾҪ붬ˣʲôطÿģߵġƵЦ˦Ӱ
ϼͣӣҷʱҴʲôҪģҲǲ⣬żëɨŻƿ͹ӽ䣬ڵӣĸүĵ԰ȥء
ʲôÿģֲǴ죬԰ﲻҲЩаܵĻľˡҲΪĵתëʷš
ϼæķµӣ߽รղȥɣϢǲͨ
һЦñһͷøѾͷô˵˵ʲôÿģӸﲻǶҲþûˡ
ϼͷЦŤ
รⶼõ¶˰˵ˣĸĻԼҼүɶ£ܸİү¶Ҳһ¶ˣѵĲ
תת飬һͷ٩ԼҵԹ̫Сһ¼ǵôأ֪ľѱ˶ٻˡ
˵үҲ˵񲻺ãȥ߶
̾˿ݺõ
ϼүҲˣ飬˵ôģٿһ£׼Ķȱģ⼸үԺʲôģɶԺ㣬ֻ׼Щ飬ǿɲܳǰ߱ҵġ
Ӵรһټ鰡ֻûⷿĶȫ̽ȥˣū澸ҴƱͷһŦ۶١ϼΪε߽Źϣҵһԡ
ʧ£ϼô֪װٶǿտյģܾ˵ʲôܷŲģֻвͣĿͣҲͣ¹עۣʲôøãԼùһ㡣
үüûԺˣһûˣôæ𣿡˫񣬺޽Ŀŷţ૵
ϼץͷɦԣЩվĵĶۣ֣һŵͷรүϾҪˡ
ߵűߣбסԼ΢˫ŨŨÿҪ˲Ŷ֪ˣҪɣӦõģԼպ˼룬Ȼˡ
ţϼҧҧรǧ룬ū澲үҲΪ룬أū澿ɿóүȻæģүһһĵء
ü̧գգۣһ˸£˲ϼ硣
ֻ֪ʱЩЦɱҵ͵ૣǧվһҡţľٻ΢΢Ŀ
ϼ΢΢֪ţƺʾ֭˵Щ˰ĿοĻ
һͷ΢΢һЦϼ߶ˣ
ϼãȻһȴ˹գգǰһรūظģҲĸͷˡ
򴽵ͷɲҲڣӻظġҲڰ㣬ӭ˺Ķ졣
ӦһЩƽӡ
ϼҲʮ˰ɣҲóˣүҲЩǲ̫ģóⷬ⣬ǵ;ܾˣȻ˵ߣ֪⣬ҽƣȥӵģЩģ㿴Σ꣬Ҳżһˣܵ÷ָػ֪ǿ̱˽ˡ
ǧҡţϼһţһ
รūⱲܸôõӣū澼ĸūĲ룬Ĳףˣ̺̺һӡ
ɵѾͷ˵ʲôŮҪ˵ģȥô죿ұ۸յƮ˼ҲƮԽԽԶ
ū֪ūĸԸ̺򸣽ͬүݸ飬ūǡ
ϼϲΪ˵ĵ͵ͳҶϣֱ趯΢磬ᴵɢҵԸԼɵҲͬ÷ִԼҲΪ߲ȦȦŮˣָʲô˵ء
÷ǰǼĲڲԹȻڶ죬ΪߵĶִͼᶨ֮ˣҼֳűУֱԹ鰮
ٽʲôʣϼû֮ˣܰæŰ磬֪Ժ䣬һ˶ĬĬ㣬㣬ŮഺԹ޻ڣ
Ц򴽣΢΢˦˦ͷԼεøԶߣ󡣺Ҷߣ棬ɢһѷ£˵ģ˵ģģŨŨġ
รղŲ˵үĵ԰
ҵ͵һ
ҲȥưɣүĻӱöĵ԰أʱǷҶʱ򣬿ɺÿˡϼΪ˷ܵߵǰͷ
Ҿָۣ΢΢סҶ
ǰǰ︣ȥˣ޲ڣֱү˼أⷨó
ǷҶʲôɿġøطG
ϼ΢΢รү⼸үߵýأүҪˣүּڸ˺üΣǶȥˣò֡
ҳƤΪɬĲϼСӣҶǼ٣ϾŰ磬ġ
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รȥӺﻹҪءϼһɵ
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ร˵̫߶ͬӺĸã˭֪أӣ¶˵Ƕ߶üΣôûһͬȥʱϿɲ̫ءϼն
üңԶ˼ҡ
ร
ֵ̾ˣùܼұɣȥһˡ
ϼЦӦһ׼첽ȥȴԶԶƵԺˣһסԼʯʡϼ
ϼסЦԺţ첽跿
ӴүɾҪ˰סЦӯӯ߽дб£һַ棬ü۴Цʹҡ
ҵһЦҸֲźأ
һΪүֵҡͻͣüӿ¡һȥŰۣôãԴҲ
ҧΨΨŵŵ϶˲߽ĲϼһһͬԶЩ
üɫľٶ΢΢ͷġ
תЦͬģֻӸӦ࣬Ҳ֪ǱӸǺ֮ذļҸϲʽһЩģⲻһҵתû˵㡱
Լˣ˿
æҲûйϵǿ㹻ʱģأ⼸ͬ裬үýŪ˵仰װʵźýء
һЦ⣬ȴģ͸Źɺ⣬ǲվ۲ʱǷݲ벻ߣԭΪʮĸû뵽Ӧȴ˵Ŀ죬ҡҲ˵Ȳİʾս顣
Ϊ̫ǰֱʵ⼸꾹Ҳմת֮㵽
ңбһۣӺߺ߸Ц
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΢΢㶣ת̧֣ơȻסԵǼˡ
ɨһۣǣȷʵ̫ˣҪȥʲôԺ˵ɡ
תϼȥ뷳һҲ˵ȥ
ãóԺǲŲ̫ơڱҶ˶ٲ̧ͦͷĻϼһ߳Ժš
طĸоܱΪ㣬ΪңҲΪǡ
ⱴӸδƮҡʮ꣬ڵΪĺܿЦĺܿɱ
ܼҼҪţԵʮֵľ㶣ʮֲãüɨһۣæЦΪ̿
รҪȥͷҡ
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ľٶؿĿţ̤һ½һµĲͣϢ
ӷţֱͣ£̿Ӻһˣѡ
̧̤ͷĵ԰֣ŷʡԼĵ԰ʱĴ㶣˵ݵı飬׹
ûаû룬԰ֻطGʿĵطĸҪιۣطGְһſԣԸĸҪҲ˵һġ
ȴһЩûڣȻڶ⻰ҪǴǶ֪ʲôӡ
γѵתֳݳҪȥĵط
ͷϼôղϳʱҲһҡ
รūҲϼһĿɥҲ׹
ʮ
Ҿϲת㡱æת߽
ЦŵͷʮȻˣΪʲôҪ߰
ػźɫԣƺ󲡹һ㣬ɫҰ׵촽ҲûѪɫ
ôˣô£ɫôôѿǲﲻһ˲˵ս´һۡ
ۿ΢죬ЦݣҡҡͷŤ˻ˣСƢԵһ㡰û£лʮģֻǿҪ붬µġ
ˣŰСȴԵ˵죬ȥӵģʮֵ׺ÿμңġ
˿ΪεֱŶǾͺãأþҲˣ𣿡
ڸأ족̧üƵת԰ӡ
̾۵ĿССӣ˺öడ㲢֪࣬Ҹô㣬ҵĶӣҲͬһ˵᫲ƽ۰
รǡ
Ҹ̤԰ȥɡҲĺ⺢ӣôˡΪʲôܺȴ˵Сһǿ׳ġ
ϴ̤԰ӣʲôʱ򣬾ȻѾûӡˣŲͬڵĵ԰ҲǽԲ԰ǰиӿͷ
ʮɣǵһͻԻ𣿡ϣһԵѾͷΪϺʵë̺
ҵͷ¡ӿܲãỹǵЪϢɣ磬Żû붬ӸϽá
̺ﶯ˶ֻ¶Ӻ۾ƵϲҲϲ԰ӡ
ȥ൹ЩˮҪӲҶҽѾͷ
תת飬ڱ˿ȡ
ˮԷ纮кôҳůůһЦ
˺һᣬŵʮܱ𣿡
һΪȵüһЦôˣˣҪʮͬ㰢˵һظ
۱ͷϾˡжζŨΪ
ҡͷЦЦ߽ӡ
ϼһЦ˳
һüɨһۣʧЦ̽̽ǰã纮ǺˣֻҪʱް
ϼæվһԡ
ΪıٲǰǰˣСӳ̫ˣҲʱҴҰתѾˣңһжѸٵı仯š
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ЦЦͷ񻺻ôǵãҼǵĵ԰ĻرƯر԰԰ĺۣһ԰ӱ񻨺һġǻ㣬ȥƺԼɻһ
ſϣ˫ֵ°ͣ˫ҡǰлʳء
ҵͷȡЦôˣֻǵЩǰɡ
Цһ¡
ʵôĲпᣬ˵ĶݣȴݵҲŹڰ;ժĿΪиŵ
ǹۿģʳģʲôϧġƲƲ죬Ϊ
һ㶣ͷһ䵭Ȼӣ΢΢ЩӲɬҪϴûʲôģȻģҪѧжͿݡ
ʮˣ㿴ЩūţһҪ̺ǣǣǵĲǲʹЩģȻģѵ
ɨ԰ļѾͷɨǾҧͷ΢΢
ʹۣͷٿҵĶӣô㻹ǸϲߣЦ֣ɰĺΪʲôһһɳҲ䣬ӲǶˣǳˣҲİˡ

ʮôˣһ
ʾѾͷ̺
㻹СණףֻҪ֪˵ΣҪغͱģǵĶһģԶõ˵ģôԱĮǻľֻҪȥȥ룬вͬķ羰㻹СӦöȥȤ
ϼͷжĹסҡԱ߼Ѿͷ΢΢
Ҳ̲ĿŲϼǰȥ
ʮ˵ΪҶ䶼ᣬ𣿡ɵĺһ
סлͷǣһΪյĻʳζ̾ҲΪȴиţһΪҶƮ۷ҲͬΪǿݻ¶ᣬЩغģֻǵġ
ǶôϣףҪ㰢һӲҪѧ˼ƣҪһôۡ
ƽǽĿңתƬԼĺɫȥ
รǷҶϼ˵Ŀ첽ȥ̤صҶǴĿĺ졣
ϼ㿴պأҴס̧΢ָҶĺϦиŵ
ɲǣҶˣѪһءϼͷڵԼתһʰҶš
Ѫһ
ѪϦһҲ̫Ҷ໥Ӧţֲ̫ãĵ÷ҶǷ֮ϣǡѪʺ죬ҶѪʻҶ̣˺졣ȴͬ
һ紵Ҷ£źһ㣬ҲͬȴҲŲпᡣ
ҷԼ뵱УͬѪļºͿ־壬ȴƲ
ֽ̧ŻƵҶδͬҵķҶһ㣬ѪңһӲҲһҪѪȹ
ҾĽţţţֱͣš
ǵõԷǰѩ׷ɵĶҲͬվţ¼ŵڵУͬȴǽȻͬ
Ĵ֡
ǰһͬ˳һת۱ҪȥΣҸо㲻ɣ㲻ӣһ׹䣬ǵ𣿡
ɣ᣿Һߺ߿ЦɣӣֻԼһԸôδᣬҲͬˡ
ûдҲ㱻ЩᡱΪŰյĻش
ǰ 㱧ѩתţǶ˵ģΪķˣЦδ㲻ᣬʵҲһԸʵһͬˣҪ֪ҪϣҶ֦Ѿˣֻ棬Աߣ˷ƴţŷ磬£ͣڰ裬Ӧƣɲԭ֦Ҳ䲻µء
ұĿ˵ţ˫ţҲεĵںʵķҶС
ִ𣿡³һ䣬ͬȴ˼Ӳ
ҡҡͷȥ磬Ҳȥ˵ʮĶûа취ı䣬οˣο
߽ϸժȥͷҼҶ
ղͼıӣһһˣ
͵תӿ֣еĺ㣬㣬Ҫһᣬ飬˱
ңǰץסҵ֡¶ңǲǣ
ҧʹ⡰ĶӣΪʲôҪ
ûи㵱뿪ұ˵Ǹһˣ㣬ܲĸôڣʲôȨָң
ҡͷʹĿӿ־屾ܰĺˡˣķˣΪԼִӶŹطGˣҲ㣬źҵı
һʹջ֡һж㣬Ϊ㣬ûκһӰľҲͬĥԼ˵ֻĳİİŻõһѣǡֻǻ⣬𣿡
ֱô꣬ԭָ㷴ʡȴϣȴԽԽߵˣһһʹ࣬Ϊһ˵ĸܣȴҪô̫ͬ˽ˣ
ĲԸ˵ֻƵĻҼÿ궼Ҫ˵Ϻü飬˵Լ룬ᣬǣЩҲκοԿڵĴ̫ƶ̫԰ף̫
ûңΪһлԼҲɳƣŨŨƣҲС
ҪشĻƺ˵ϤҺߺ߿ЦһסǼڵĻϤĻطGûʹңҪҪĸҪҪİҲҪ㶮֪Щ֪֪
ִţԸ֡
ͬǸ߸ߵĻλһȷĿ꣬ץסֻ֣Ŀ꣬ȵϡ
⵽ǲǰѾֲ塣
޻˵ֻ䵭мĶҪ˵Ļҵ˼ȫϣϡ
˫ĿȻһջ˲ʧ̬һ㶼ûб䡣
йŭԼ׵׼Ҫ˺ˡ
ˡջز֣ŵֱͦվһƬѪУ̫Ѿʧˣֻʣ¸ɿݵĺ죬ѾɵѪ
ü
Ϊ㡱
ϰԵģеζƸҡ䵭
һҸʵ
赭д˿֪ʵúʹôСĺӣȴģ뵽ղźŶĪԶĪұۣһֱεĶӡ
һĿս˫ȭָģĵۡ
߽ƣԥݺ˦һƣ˿ΪԼĴݣôԣôô侲ĶӰ
̧ĨȥǵѪЦⲻǳ嶯԰ҾѾ߹㣬ֻСʱڣˡ
Ǹ쵰
סľƣ䣬Խڻ£ԶʵϣǴδ߽
һŻ𣬷Ӹôȥֻԣû˿԰ﵽ㡱
Ʈ޵Ĵֻϧķ磬ĺôһֶû
ʵõкιϵҴδԭ

 103 

ʮĳˣ˵ʱĸܣĵǺͽѹңһٴ̼ң˺۵ģֻʹྷΣʮģϸպֻµǧҡţããǶû˵ƺɺһ㣬γѷ졣
𣿡
ҡҡͷţصڵľҹ˵һһţǹʱǺʵӲľͷسŽյĴţ춯У˿˿ɶ˭Ҳ֪һͻȻĳ忪ڶˣڶȫһѷӿȥ
̩һڸס£Ҳڣ⸮ȫҲްʮĽӹϼסǣ߿
һŵǰ˸˼
ţ˸һĸɸˣǰЩӣΪ˻ʰ꣬ˣθպó
ʵнھͿˡ򴽣Щġ
ֻˡ
ʧһ̾ͷ
˵ģ˵ģ룬ģһһţʱֻʮľţһ̵㡣
೤ת˲ҹ
รүѾ˰ɡϼһС
첻˶ټ
Ըִĵĳ棬ԼһɲǼʧ̬ǰʮĵĵǡ
ץʵ΢΢һ޷˳ʣգ̯Ρ
ร治ȥһүǿҪǡϼϸǱһ־һ㣬ڴĶң СĿ
üۣ˫ֽţҪҪȥҪҪȥ
ѽรȻѩˣѩú簡Ưϼ´½ļ嵽űߣ˷ܡ
Ȼ̾ĿĶëѩĺ
˰طǵĶˣǣĽ
ϼȥҴԸת¹񣬵ŪţڶСñͷϣ˷ܳȥ
รǻüүѾ˺Զˡϼһ߼һ߲ʱĻͷ˵
ҧеĻűޣתͷ϶ԣ߲죬ϼ뿴·
ڲϼĴ£ǳݾɽ·ƬƬѩзɳš
ร쿴ǰˣϼ˷ܾٱ޺
Цͷ첽۸ȥҪԽһС𣬳ȥԺطʱһӰ۵缲һֱţ֪
ร찡ʱ䲻ģ
Ȼͣ£סЦݣϣԶԶŽۺϵĶˡ
ֱֱͦ񣬲һᣬͷϼϱѾǱһѩ
طͬһѩҲˡ
ԶԶĿʮƿĿһӣһӣصƶһᣬֻǸɫӺããѩнģƬƬڵ㡣
ϼԼֱţο˵ӻǲ¡
زӣһֱӲļ⣬һЦתⱡѩŲʱĴǣģ׺͵
ط˵ûĺܺһֱֻҵһֱţҵĲ
ϼ²£ͻȻӯӯһЦƲָʵĲϼ
รҲ£һһֱߵġϼɿĻϼᶨ
Цŵͷ
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֪ʮĻɹҴᵣһ㣬طģһǿĵ㣬źһδꡣڱ߹ĥôůľǣҲͬһʱ㡣ǵģȻǧɽˮڴʱоȴ˵
ӴһΪأԭ㣬ǰԴϣô᲻ءת˲ѾƽС
ִ̫ˣѩﶼԿ벻ص㡱ޱֱǰⳡѩʱǿ־͵ǵҲѩԶȥʧˡ
𣬹Ȼɽ˼𷨵ģ˵ɻǵء
˵Ҳɣ˵Ĳʵ̫ˡƽĿңǰǰϡϡɵ֣ʱĽӡȻѩסȻһ¡
˱΢ӣ˦˦бһۣغһԽңһӣҵҾһȻδظˣб¾͸ϰɣ
ҧҧѲȥҵñӻң
ͷһ΢һ񣬰ѱ˻ȥ˳ְСñץҡҡЦСͦµģҪ͸Һˡ
ԣҰɫֱľܾ
Цݣš
ҪϲһظһѾˡ򴽣ֻЩ͡
б¾͹ðɣʲôעģ˵ȥͷ೯Ц˼
нԶıһŲӿͷ΢΢Ҳ̤ӡ
รֱ̫үỹû߶Զأ㣡ϼܻĸ
ݣǣӱ޸ȥûڶĶһ·ļѩҵöס
รСЩˤˡϼںš
ͷıʹپۿˮһֻȥñӶҺطǶôҪϵĻǽĺڵ㣬˿
ˣñӻң
Ӵԭ㻹ӣȻˣñӶȷʵҪͷһЦ۾СñҪҡ
ɫͨĸȥ
ˣӺŶСñһӣصĴñϣֱֱҡ
ԣ
ɫҰ׵ҪסδȫȻϣڰһ죬ѩУҾǰһβȵĴϵñȴͷɹ߸ߵĹ֦ϡ
Ӵ㿴ңִֽŵģ˼߽ҡ
ҳֱۣԶ壬ʵļǰ
֪һǾصġҴͷѹۣŨı˵
ߵߣͣ½ŲһЦ
б̧̨棬ǺúñԣһүıȻÿЦүˣģ˭ҪǷٵĳҪ䣬Լ
䣬ӮҪԣһھǿ˷ŭͬҲ
㶿ңؿüƾѩǵصѹǡ
ϼ۱תͦűֱֱԾǧֻģ
Ҳ䣬鲻ӵģӵģ㲻Ǽ꣬Һܺãܿģ㣬Ϊ㣬ү˵ĺĶң㲻䣬ûʸֻүʹ࣬үջ׵ģͲֵá
ûʲôֵòֵãǵķû취ıʵҲΣǶܵʵִˣǺúõĵòá
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ʱͷͲϼһͬȥƬڰƬֺϲ죬ɫ¹ȴûչ

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뵽ʱһ̸вЩСڹҺطߣһʱӦ˵⺢ӣЩЩ˵˵ηģһȫط¶ϣҲû˵Ρ
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ֹǲϼҾȲˣԸҲΣڵϦ

 107 

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ֻ˽Դ̥һ£ػںȻ󲨣˿ҵ۹ΣΣѾϾ˼ˡ

 108 

ҾڴƫͷԺ䣬صİѩȴŴǰԺԼУò֡
һһ֣˾˵ĲС
Сʱͷںߵ룬̧ҵรҩˡ
һͷɨ̼ڹ˵ĺۼһʹͷ
ҵɫæ֣ʵ󣬲ĲţรūԽã˾֣Ȱҩ˰ɡ
ζ´ԺǺѩ㣬ϡĽӡžľҲ̴ƶ˵ǡ
ܹ˵ƽϢǴңĻʲô
ĸƾӹտҲַȻǵĵߵߡ
ҵţֹÿʧ棬ԺҵĶͷ˾ڹ﹬⣬沼ʧţ˷ݡԳӮһ俵ʣţ֣˴ŵĿ˰ˡ
˵ǵſ棬̫ҽѳ̥е֢״ڿڣһϡ£ˣ̫ҽ˼δƫ˽Ҫͷһڰ׵ߵͻ⣬⸮˭Ҳʲ
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ʳѰǴ񲻱ڸô
รǧģ˵Сҩǿ壬Ȼ֮٣ɲ˶١ͷҩ¶ȣŵݸҵ
ޱһ̧ƵĸǣʱеĿ磬ǹ˰գˡ
ϼôˣοɰȫȥ
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ſѩģſȰһݣûϸĵΪϺװ
รİɣѾȰϼˣׯôãô󣬲ģͱˣรЩ˼ǵĺð
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šüģһɬӿϱ˿㣬˫ֽգԣֻĿͷǧԣС
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ôռϲϼ
ЦŴȤ
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Ȼˣ˵ɵ࣬˵ϵۿˣˣı֮ģ϶˵ģ¹ػѪӰ̫ԶֻŴңҲףĵģǺ֮ˣ²ԭɵģͨϢطʱŽҽ첻Ӧеصز顱
ģรүġĨᣬĵĳұ֤Ϊİ
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үڸʱ⸮СҲδ¶⽫⾢δ£ͷȳ£ԺǴС²ʣ󣬹﹬⣬˭£μҲϣƽʱ̫ˣ
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ɨһۣ㻹Ȩֻ˵
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ҿ̲סҪ˵ˣеԭʲôδ̫ҽ£˽ָʹѾͷҩǷֵ磬С֮治֮ˣȻڸμҲϣʧ㵽ʱүҲ˵壬ֻί
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ҲĻػͻɫʱʧѪɫᵽǰ
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⸮үֽϣô⻹ڣ󳳴ֳɺͳԽԽûйˣģ䲻ˣֻ꣬Եиۣ
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Сţ˻ϣֻȨѵ
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ңʣĵοҲûаط뷨ˡ
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⿴Ʒֵ簡

 109 

Сһֱ̧͹ͣ£ĸų̿죬ڹ½󣬴˿̱ԶԶں档
½ָ̩˵ƫЪϢ
巼üЦĴڳรˣҷ˵ͬһͬš
巼ⰾ࣬еĻһЩҸȺȰɣģɶýءһЦ
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巼˵ǣٿֻǾĵĸ࣬ѾͷڵҲö˰ɣһԽģֻӣҵĴ̫̫ң˵֮˾Ӷ࣬һʱ죬ʧյˮ׼ա
ѣǵĻѬ㣬Χ㣬Ի㣬˵۾ģҲ˺ĳˡ
ҷſ巼֣ӯӯݵȥ˴̧ͷߵ밲ˣ򸣽𰲡
ϣž»¯۴ҺһᣬŻǲĴӺһ
ִֻ̧˻ȥ
Щû˰ɣӿɻԵôСûء᲻أʲô
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ʧˡ飬ᣬֱС
šüҡҡ֣͵ϲ죬˵Щ˵£ҲҲܲ͹һһ壬Ĺˡ
絶ʵס죬ɵ˼˸¶ʵýġ
ŵľǣȻһССĿռ䶼һ
巼ԵĻ̼ټЩϣ֣˿ϱ峡棬ҵ
รʮүӲ̫ã˼ǣǵʮү߹صҲ֪ʮү񣬴δôù͹˼Сʱ⣬ˡ
̾˿ĵͷ
ʮĳܣģܸڣæŴ㸮һУӦ沵£ǲǰһڣ⼸ȴǾʮȾȾӣŵľǣ¾ʮ縮ʣЩͽྻ
˵ƽ⣬ɸǼร䵭֮ˣС񣬶ϣж־ء
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Ҳϵ⣬Щҳ˵ЩʮĸȤ£ܲ壬ʮĻʲô˵ģοʮһ۳谮ңҶʱ⣬һӾŮˣ⡣
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ۣͷŶͺˣֵӣҲ֪Ǿ˭Ҫֻĺ֮سֿ࣬ûˣµ⣬ôĳԹֿడİûֹٰ
ɲﳣҹ뾪ѣͷ亹أֱʮүū澿ˣūţรͬʮүһߣҲùūͬﻥ࿪⣬Щοء
巼չɫ¯࣬ڸǸղԼʧԣ澡վڵߣᴷűüš
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巼ŤҪȡЦūˣū澲ޣ̺źء
ЦЦתͷʱƺЦδϳֹһ㣬Ϊʵ̫ţʧʧûϵʮĶ˭ã˼˭棬𹼸źãΪٶۡ
˵ϳ巼̾ԳඣܲӶִ֣һһУһƤֺã˭ҲҲˣһൽͷӶߣǲġ
˵˵űݺᣬ巼æֽο
һţȴ֪˵ʲôáõڹи֮ˣӶ۶Ŀ֪ΪöӺأ˭룬ҹƽԹԹأеִ̫̫ǿҲ˱ˣǱʹƫһ˿һ磬طGТԼʮδܼ̳дλĲʲԸ
ͷԭֻԼԼԼԼѡ
ū澶ֱԣø˲ǰ˵ʮүߣͷ˪¶ſ࣬Ҳǻ϶ʮүӰʮү磬սǰ;
巼۷Ź⣬ݹļοȥ˵䲻ģ⹬ͷ˭ϵĸǱﶼĽء˵ү͢¶æ÷ˮ𣬳ﳯ⣬ĸūⱲҪǧ֮һĸҲˡ
ĨᣬţȻ⻰⣬׽һǸֱɫһ˿˿οԺӴ۽ɢ巼ĻȻ˵Ŀˣ̧ңæ
ͺˣطûӣµģͰ壬ϲɡ
ЦĵͷȻҸʱöˡ
ҳ巼ͷԱл⡣
һĥ䣬⴫ǵұտھڲӦⳡˡ
ݹ룬æĺ˼ڡ
巼һʱȷʵǺãֹ⹬﹬⣬ٹ£¶ΪˣʮֻοЦôһᡣҲѹֵʱ벻벻ͨˡ
⾩£ѵмء
ڶʱĸҲˣҲߵ߽ǣ͵ͬǴ档
˰ǲԸķ׷װĿעңҶ޿ɶ㣬ֻܳƤɬЦţһܿͼ˵ס
ϳЦЦ˵˵Ļ⣬עȻ˵Ĵƽ⣬ҵĸмС
ϵղŵ飬Ȼδв죬Ҳҽе
ҾһԣŷӵЦżĨ̽Ŀ⡣
׺˺սԣĹ֮ɫ
Ŷòô㲳ҵ֣ٵ
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ҿ۾ʵֲڣȥ˺԰
Ž㶨ҪģǷԵ˵̫ҽҩ̫ӣģѾͷнӹ磬ϸΧϣ̾Ϣ
ҵǶڵˣڵ㣬뵽үʱǹӣίԸҲ˵ڰֱĨĨᡣ
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ҵȻ㣬⹬﹬˭֪һʱĻҹ۾Ϲ˵ʮĵһߣҾ֪ӲùŶã껹δѲˡۣΪҴ򱧲ƽ
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̾һ˵Ҳˣֻǲ֪ʸΰţ
ȵҿӦòǣ̫ʮĵܸûҵģһȺŮӣʸôģοʮĵڱ߹ش̣ҪִˣɾͲǾǼ¶ˡ
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ȾҪ԰ȥһæס⣬Ϊҵģ˵ȥûãοʲôӣΪһ˵£ɨ˵ˣˣʵֻҪطƽû£ ҾʲôҲˡ
šһҲΪԼȡʲôίԸҶԩ
ҿ˵ʲôȴֻҡҡͷ㲻ᣬɨ԰涷޵ѩ
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˭Ӯ˭䣿ֻһԶҲûнĲӶѣΪ˫ֱ֣ǲпĻʼҡ
ⲻȴҲֻͬʵʵʳĸŮ˲֪ûЩʱ侫ЩԽͨˡ
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˸ŶǰĴЦ
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ЦЦҡҡ֣οʵޱȵĽȡһƬƬܷǴ㣬غǵģǷӦͬϧȥݲõİ
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Ƕô㣬̳ǰĽգҹô̻档
׿죬׿Σ׿룬һһΣظķŸʽ̻ΪƯ̻иţΪת˲ĶȻٵϣϣܹ಻˸ȥһαһθĻ䡣
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ŵһĻһȫͷƤĲǿִĺӣѵظ
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ңֻܱԱ󵭵ĿЦ

 110 

Զ˵һֱİҲǺ»ԣ£ֻ֪ĲпʱǺģĲ֪ҲҵԸ
ϵıɬǡϵĥУƴڰǽ롣
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Ҷָ䶯ɬĽ촽ʹƺһüͷ塣˷ֺСƺѾڣޱѹ͸ǹɴӶɢĺȻĴӡ
Ǵ̹ǵı棬ƺȻҶƤ㣬ͬǻǰĮ˵һ㣬Ҳϲȥɲ˿ơ
һϸĽŲ߽ңСҴñѡ
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͵΢һЩɣ뵽ĸ֮飬뿿־ãм̫İңԶôҲ߲ȥȻΣЩУעҪ
ҵųҵԺʱȴҲ˷ãסҵͷԺ飬ǰǰңҲһ˵ķλȥ
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ͷıں֣꣬һֱҵĶͰͻȻӭһظԤģݲݵıǴͻȥһ뵽һʱֱʹĳ޷ֱԶԶ㵽ȥ
һ·ҴûȨ
οʮڽͷκβõϢҪ˵ǣϾһһһҵ类˦⣬붼
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ҷŭʣԸȥҵʮģļٵıסҲҪǣҪһУֻ뺰ţطߣ뿪ǵһûʶǵĵطƽĹӣòãҪپܾңҪңɼΣܹˣܹ˴ƣܹˣ˿ûеܹ˲ʲԸȴ޿κΡ
һ·̫Ĺǣ̫Ŀ˵Ĳ룬ĲҪٵȥˣ뿪ʲôҪˡ
ʹޣһжԳ嶯ĺ
ǽɽıҪô
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ӮƴߵͣΪطGӵķֲ£һߣһֺֻγ֪
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 111 

Ҿױ̨ǰӾпӰϤڰ裬ˮӿУЩģֱʧˣǰԺļѾͷİŶϣϣϣֵģһһУԺӣ뿪ϱҪһˡ
ѾͷǵʺϴѣôЩǴӰ긮ϴĶѾΪ࣬ôһ·һһҲϣòš
ֻʰ׺һС
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ͬһ㣬һ뿪ȥôĸԸء
һڿԣֻиӷҵѾҲľ
Ϊ˸ͷҡͷֹסϺõΣҧִҲϣ˼̫ǰա
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ҺҵһװݸҵรҿҲòˣū澻ʰ׺ã١
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뱧һɬȫĹͷƺڲĵشأšüһʹϡ
ҺͶϹҡรⲡɱˣС¶һµģʮүԴɿˡҺȴǴȤұ֤
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Ӻ˳ǰԺֵĹ˳ŵıӸģڻƵУԽԽԶ
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һ˿ƻЦԲĳŷ˵һЩνĻһطʰһ󣬰ϣֻ״һŲᣬǻЦ͸뵣ǣֻܻĲ԰Ӧԡ
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̻ɢȥԺһƬҹԵøļž

 112 

ҹĻ£Ҳȥϸű죬Ҿǰžҹ¶Ϯ˵ľ˵Ŀտƽ죬ֵֻĴҹտպںھգЩţЩģЩɽƺܸܵ಻ƽ
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ﰢͶĽ̸ƻµҰҰҳЦЦ¡
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пңϵĸᣬͰһͬ
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Сһֱƽĳţڿ϶һɣÿʵӣܻôһЩɴһЩ

 113 

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΢΢ҡҡͷתߡ
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棬ӵģҿЦá
㣬ȻԵÿһģҵľźùһЩ
˰ҪΪԼǲס
һʱ䣬Ҫ̫࣬Լҽã׾ݣ׷ˣܵĽܣӦ㣬涼ǻͷˣݼңΰ񣬿׼䣬ұЦţͷ⣬ұһ㡣
￴ƣ룬ͬͷһⳡɢˣֻǶλһȴǲԸģſڱ˵òңδô˵Ҳˡ
ҵͷӦʣֻǶཻһ䣬˵ܲó֣úš
﻽ҽȥϢһ˾æŰȥˡ

114

պ˱ţδȫãսӼӦһ󣬱Ժʮ죬òۣ㲻ȥǰˣһظɱҲܶ໰
ʼҲڸŵģƵҲλͶǰ󣬲ܴʲô˼æܹܰϵġֻǼҲ纮£ҩڡ
ļѣԼҲӲ
รƣԺƷŲˡŴԺææ£Եñ껹Щ
̾૵һ⸮Ҳæң죬ʹˣǹЩ꣬ԭЩ徻˭롭
Ƕλ㣬ʹס£˭֪ʲô¡
ͣеĻƣĻҳһŴΣƤëٸɾЦųҵรū澿մţƣⲡ϶ѺãūڿɣѩأƮƮģԺ䣬صҲûɨ⾰ܿЩ
̧ͷЦЦͷҲá
Ķ㿴ţȥǰͷ˰ɡһͷ
ﱻů¯˷¤һȫˣĺһ
ҵߣſ˴
ѩԣֽϼƬڻġ
Ժ䲻󣬵ǾµĺܣһһΣһһľʮδֺֻΧЩǽ֣ʹԺ⸮ԳһǣƧġ
ЩŰɡ
ţЩɶϺõҩأūҲ᲻óȥѾͷɸû죬ȻΪˡ
ЩȻʧЦҡͷЩ˰ɣԸҵˣô֡
㳯ʹʹɫת첽߽รҩү͵ġ
Ȼ㶣ɵʲôʱ¶ô֪
ͷվЩ
ҶʱΣҽ
ŵͣеĻƣæһȥλѩһĺţҾ¹ȥͷصˡ
عϣƼ̫𣿰
ūŲң
ҿ㵹ǸҵúܣԼ˭˶ˣҿŹڵصɸ֣ȴиΡ
δͷһ飬ò̧ͷҵˣϢŭūδҲӡ
֪֪ⲡãҲٽĶʱ֣һң
Ϊѵˣ˲٣һʹˡҪ¡
һҲ˵?
үģǶ֢ҩĺãūſѰĲҩѲЧ
ͷ뵽ҲΪҿһҩ
ԺҪٺǱϵҲѡ
Ĵ֣תֻĿѩʲô顣
÷㰡һӣҶѲˡҵҲá
һƬžİѩҲãڵҲãôĹµ䣬ǵĸǣԶ紺ůķʢ١

õûУʵ
΢΢ͷ̧кѾͷȥ
أǺȦ
ܳԺ߶Ҳˡ
۴Цס֣ͷ
ΡΡָҵҵ
һỬ£ѷڡ
Ҫô?ҵ
ſڿȴ˵ʲô˾ôˣԤģ˵ʲôô
žŷ٣ҴñѣҩЧã˯ȥѸʱĲһӳ
´ʣģĺ͵֮Ȼʱ
ᣬڶĽˡ
һţűߣ˲ãССǵǣҳֹ
򴽣ļ磬ʾȥ
Ҳ˲ҧͷͽȥˡ
⺢ӣѵһƬТġ

ร
Ժţȴֲʱ߶һңӭ
ӹǺõûУҺˣϹšǰûҵ֣ϸһ顣
ЦЦվλģˡ
վãüĿЦӦõģ֪϶֣ǵİգûô
ҵͷǣЩεֻǷ¼£λҪˡ
ǰЦɲǣҼҸ顭δ˵꣬ЩңֵˣˣҲûɶ;ԡ
ЩüʹʹɫǻҵãӸպЩѩվˣҿĵѾͷˣǾǹû£ȥɡ
ϵͷͣƵġǰǰãпն߶߶ȥæˡ
΢΢ҡͷǵıӰֻס㡱
ͣ˽Ųɫɲҡ
ЦȺӣ߶ɣԺЩˡ
ǱĿĿӣϲЦտϳĻȡ
ҳǻӻתԺš
˿㴺ɫʧĶ˱ӰϽš
ףȻѾôˣ
һҪһ˱ǿסĴͣסǵõҳʱҲ֮һǲˣԺİǽЩ쵽ǽ⣬ŨŨġ
вѧĴЩȡ
รؾս˵صأ˲ɶү˺רŻţƣ޼ˣҲû˸Ҷء
Цǰ͡
üŶһɣԭСԵġ
ģҵôܰôԺء
һЦร˵Ķү˵ǰɵƤˣͱүȥʱںɽڻصģںþòƵԺ˵ʱϲүΣҲվء
һȻЦЦĶԡ
һЦ٩รū룬ʱȥɡ
ǽߵ֦ɣȻ
뵽͵͵Ӻ͵ȥǷɺˣЦ
Сҡ
ʱգ̫̫̣һΧϱŢһ״̱ȾɫҲϴҲϴˡ
ˣóҩˡζվſڻһ
˼ĿתݣɲʱѩĴ۹âһ

̣ʮˣҶĸţǲҪȥǧأ
ȷеߣڵֵ˵
΢ͷҵ֣󽫵о̳Щ
ҷ±ʣ֣ӹݵ¯ظ㣿
ӣ˷ܵķ飬ŲЩȵ߽ҡҡңǰ̣ϰأңлƿƣ̣ȥɡ
Ա΢Цĳ
һűīһЩֵӣݣӻδأԸɡ
ӣƲƲ죬һԣЩɥ˼Һѵ㲻뿴ƣϽ֣
ңûɲʱͱͷԣòɰ
ȶεҡҡͷСŮĽ̬£һţģҲƸռʱĽɬˡ
ֻǿĬʱüУֳһЩЩԶͼ֣ЩʣȴҲˣˣЩִģǱСԺеС޷޺̽ͷȥˮȴģݲһ˿˿ǡ
֧Ҫȥģͷ˵Ҫĸ£ӹǶء
ӣɤҵĳ˼ȱƵͷҪ굽ˡ
ЦЦǾӣ⣬ȥɣҲȥ
Ѿͷ̧ӣշ˹⣬ȴ־ϲĵңںڵ鶯Ҳ֤
ֹιıӣͷ
ãɲӣʹȶȥ仨ƣĵĿҵҡСĵ顣
ˣҲҴߴյõˮ©
ҿȣֻЦЦû˵
ðɣˣɼֺõģŰɡϧӣͷͷĺӣҲǹˣ˿˿ģβԲǵСС˼ҲǶԼ
üĿЩɣӣ꣬꣬Ҳ׼빬ѡ˰ɣٽױȸЩ빬Ǳܲˡ
ˣˣλС㣬ҹˣȻҪһ죬ȥϢɡôӣҪϲͣļƻʱЦŴϡ
Ǳ߽Ѿ˺һˡ
ҵͷǷ˵ѩ·СЩ
ǷǷЦȥβֱ͵ԺŲŷ
ܹ黹ǺͯЦջߡ
λ˵ǺรŸ˵öλСһһֵģū澻浣ء㲻
̾˿ĿƮɢڼžĺҹò³һ䡰֪ңڹﻹ𣿡
ū澲ˣรЩ˯ɣū澺ʹȥһη
ȻģҰ١

 115 

ÿʮ壬֮ʱζδɢѾڽͷˡ֮أէһȥһƬʢƽ
δţͻȻֵһʱĲϰߣΪ̽ڹгԶڰĵ͵ƽҲ˷ƽȤ
֮ˣ᲻֮˵ǱԴͷģҶ˵ֻҺһͬ㣬δ÷ǡ
ǧµķŽΣˣγһµʢ;²ͬն̯Ҳ̯ͷСϰֺǺǵæѰӣȴǶ˷飬յŨ
Ǹ¥СѾϲڸԵ˴ĵͻƣܻ磬ⳡȻƺֻһڣ˺캣㣬ССͷʶģʶģͷЦŶԷϲá
ǰͷ㴺СڽߣλĽΰһȺеǲۣʱʻֻǸϳߺȵβҲʱӽų̿ĽдЦϸϸһϺõĽԭҲ֨ѽ֨ѽĲ
ڵĽȴ൱ĽȵֻŵԼĺխСĽУž֣Щš
ร˿࣬ū澻δֵľأ
һֱµĴῴ߰˰ˣŽе˵
ЦЦͷɲôͷҪǳڵǰ˱顣
Ͷ̸ȻһҡΣͻҲ˴󲽣һʱû׼ĶڵءüЩδѾ̿ӡˣûţ
ҡҡͷʲôˣ
޲รĽΡ
ô?
ҳڰ֣̣С̧Ρ
ร
ԥĻһ
ҳͷҧһۣ첽ǰͷȥˡ
ⳡ棬ǲְɡ
รūýͶλ˺СȥˣǡͣΣǺδ㡣
ü룬漴̧ͷЦѵϽ֣ǹɡ
ȺֵհΧڽвһ㡣нֵСһ㣬档
˭˵أʮˣϽֵĴָǶٱžžʤʹĸо
ļܲ˵ûϽ֣ңһͬɣܿͱûףСв֪ȥȴŻع顣
ˣɣϺõĻεǰϰЦĵС㵽СˣСĵĽӹ˷ܵĿţҳǵͷǸϽͷȥˡ
ҵ۹ⱻСʳ̯˹ȥǺ«޻ǣˣЩоС⣬ǺųƸ֮ˣȴһԵʻᣬͯңڼҰ򷭣ͣɽֱժЩСҰԣҲ˸պӣܼǵҲֻЩ
ҵĴңܸͯʲôأҴҳȻǺڰ֮С
ҪǺ«
Уһöͯ⶯ư죬ƵĿŴǣֵŮӣǿ
Ц΢õã㣬
С̳ڿе֣ϲЦտ߸ߵľָĳǺ«̯һ֧æüҡҡͷִָűϵǴȻʧЦ֧֧ǿ޶ССҲԼļְˡ
Ÿõ֣ڣ۾鵽ǰ׻޻Ǻ͸ʽˣȴ˸ˡҲҪ
ɫ΢㳣ȴЦãã㡱˵ʳָ⣬˵ĶüĿһתλ̯ˡ
ͯ¶ҸһЦĿ첽ȺỽȥЦĲ֪Ũʲô
ֱĸӵıӰûȺƽŲƵҪСʳ̯
ֻһܼӽǶʹܾȵĽ̫Ӧ£Χ˲ʱ˺ü󲽣һʱЩտС̯̯æײĿǼ۹ȺһǱ֮ˡ
ÿһȣǼ˻̧סǰǴĿĹʱȻǸ߸ߵǺˡһǲˡ
ǧһ֮ʣٴμһһе˵ֹУƴΧ֮˫˫ڵأͬʱ˻УȻֹ
ӴӰɲʱ¤ңɻ󣬾֮أƥʱ԰ɻſתͷȥһȺ´磬ʽȻͨһɫı뺷͵ӣڹУһƾ֪ϲϺõĻɫ٣ڵķɫŨüü˵ɫ⻺ţһƱ֪ƽĽɫ
ɨȻſδңвã޲þ͵Һһ٣Ƿ糾͵ɫӦмȥ죬˸ϲֵӣȺܼĴ֡
Ϊ׵һ֣ں۹һۣ˵ͷƥǡ
ڶ㴺Ĳ£üվǶϵĻҳ
һû£ɵؿǣһ£ӻ֣ŨָæԵ¶ȥˡ
üȺԭЩɻ
ţΪ׵òصĺʵ
һ٣治ԭʿ
ǷǷû£ڽлСĵúãˡ
㲻ѣʱȻǰͳȵūţ־ͺֱײ֪˵Ǻˣ
ſֹ
ɫδ䣬ֻΪͣҪӱ޵֣ü´ңȴʧʵϲһ˿˿顣
㣬£Ǹɨһۣ
㲻õĿң˼סҡ
תҪˣȴǾޣֱֱָңɫɻ󲻶ȴ˰ءǺˣ
ҲǷǣǺ˲ҪҪҪ죬ǸϽ̰ɡ
ջ֣ںͷˣҪˣȻǲͷϸϸ˿ңҵͷЦЦһͨټСǱĲ㡣
漴ʮĺһԥĲȥȴδҵĸŻⲻһԹƬƬ
Ǿȥֻҡͷ̾Ϣ֮ˣЩ
һһţѾͷҲû˹ֵȤˣҲϣﲻͣ߶ЩˡҲɻ󣬺ʱЩˣ
ʱѾ͸ɽѾͷѰˡû˵ٽ֦
ˣԭɽȥġҸ뽾μһ㱨
ü˿˿˿աȴǲ˵ʲôֻĻӻ֣ޱ𽾡
ұбţȻԵŮӣҲǱĽɫ˵ģҪǿӲӵִͲ᲻
ôˣһҶǿȴû˺ã˭֪˶ٵίʹ࣬Ҫǿϲñˣ˱ȥ
Ǳĳ棬ҵǻԥļһģҳǰΪΪһֲ֣ЩĲ㡣
˵ʲôǲ־һչָҵģȴ֪ģĶˣܹͨϣ
ͷε̾˼䣬ѾĿĵأĵ̴㣬еζҿֻζԲ°Ĵˬ
ͷң̽ȺӣЦӭ˶ʹλ
รⶼ׼ˣڽȥЦš
ЦŵͷһȺ˼ȥ
̧ͷǵϵԭǲŷģҲǡ̲˲ϵķ飬ŪĺЦһܻ򣬾Ͳᵽ˵ľˡ
һ˵
รѵȥǩ
˼ҳ˵ɽߣ˫˫ӣʡ
һ£ṵ̈ա
ǩҿЦһˣȥɣٿ
̣ȶߡȵҲ̬ȴǸӵؿһۣ۽΢΢á
ɨӣݣѾͷȴǲʣЦãҪȥḳ̌Ȼǡ
ǺһЦǷǷӣˡ
ȶôȥͣҲȥʸԵˡҰ뿪Ц
ȿһۣͷɫ͵͵ǩˣǵҲˣֻʸ˵ǣ粻Ҫ˵Ķ
ֻ⻰ҵ֮ʢ֪֮ģССָܷͣиţ껪δĶģ˼ȴƺѾµֻ֣벻֮жѡ
һʱ֮ЩţȴǴƽָ֣źɽ˷ܵรǵǶ𣿡
ңңȥһƬɽ֣ѽˣǲУȴԲʱƮưʹɫ˼ɵ⾳
ȴ̧ͷҧҡ
ü룬ЦЦǺþɫǲǵöãȥ߰ɡ
̣˵Ժ͡ǾɽԹȥôȴСĵʳǺǿı飬ĺܡ
ŶɲǣҺͱһŪġɲʱ
ģЦ
ȴȦЩĶվһԣŴʱɵңһ˿˿Թͱ˴Ϸ
СѾͷƸе̬֮ңй֮޲ֻһҲҪһ㣬ĥԼˡЩȻ§ʱҵһ˿˿Զ
ѵüҳɢģĸ󣬻ǵȫ
ͶߴߴֳСŮĻãһ·߿ָָ㣬òȤ
鿪ĸ󣬲΢΢ʪҶϣڲߣѵõп
˳ڲ࣬ϸҿŽ£ȵʪ֦һͷȻޱĸţǣˣѾƶµĻˡεתͷ
รⲻͱүеôЦһСվһӻ֡
һɲ˵ö࣬ΨҶƬ״ΣϤһ۱Ƴˡ
˫۷⣬΢΢ЦЦһα㵽ǰϸ
ҸǣЦôȶҲô
洺⣬ͷҵͷͷμôֱˬ谮ȴִЩ΢΢ƤȶҲɽɺã
л̡Ǻԥĵл
ҺǺһЦͷһĽһۣĪɫȺŮˣ΢΢鴤ֱֱСȥ
ۿҪʹæֹס֣ɽҪġ
ǱߵȴǱһŵĺȦֹ˫һʱڰм䡣
룬Сôϲ⻨ݲݡ
ṳֻ̂ʵһǰˡ
һȺȴδ֡
οСı飬һ㡣
Ƚڽߣϲá
Ϊ죬һţɨȥͷһЩ
ĵĶ˽ͷǲ㱻һˡ
ֻǶ˿˿̾ϢУôҲӲȥ

 116 

ִƣվȺĺӱߣƹĳ棬Ҳ¶΢΢һЦ
ҹĻ£Ӱƹ⽻֯ףڴգϵɴʱҲ̽ͷɡ
ٳһ븮ͬеĶϲЦտĸңʮأĴ󶨣һ·ųͨ裬ſӱ·ʤһЦҲýʤ̲ܼʱˡ
һа֮ƣôʱľԪѽڣ쳣֡
ĻʹҲǷ󣬵ƻͨɡ
ÿļѽڣӱΧˣûб仯ԱƵϰҲǵӻǸкУֻһ
СغʵˣԱ߹ɵĺһֲͯɵø̾ʱҴңҶΪһ۾ϳ⣬ʮˣЩ䣬ԽԽ
ݸһµĻƣЦЦ˫۵¶ɻΪεĵͷȥ
Щʱ⣬СϪţͷһɽˮǹ
Щʱ⣬缱ĺˮܣһһ粻ԭǾģ
תǹĴʯĬǷݹλ沨
棬Ӱƻ໥ӳһңԶļ˼һ
˫ľǰ뿪ʯʱգĸʲô
ѾߵߣȦȦ׷׷
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ร˰ɣ˺Щʱˣɡ
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ͻȻиͷǰ漴ʧЦ˦⡣
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ͣЦЦִдš
ط򣬱ຮصԶʱʱһ⣬һΪƽһΪο˼֮ģ檿˼ҺУհǰ˺ʧ׼ӥչᣬգģģ֮壬ٹ顣һаãҶٱʣϡ
ϸϸֽۺãװŷ⣬ĨϽ˿ڡÿһļȻϰߣʼֻʮĵǣ֮ǣȴҳϰˡ
Σҹȥɡ
γĽ׵źãҷĵĵ˸ͷһͷҹĻС
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ůʱ⾰ɫá
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սţȴǷһסվԺ⽻ͷӶҵæվ
รӸպã¶ͱˣļûеСìܵģҡ
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һ㶣Ƶջؽţһȣڶʱ
̣ģֻһʱ벻ͨˡȽŵĿҡ
Ҳ԰οһЦ̾˿յţȥ
ȴѿ

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˵ӣȴһɺڴԶƵҰ־塣
Ҳˣ֪ෳ࣬ǲʶһ㣬㶥סҲֺֻתͷʲôء
ӣ빬ʡ
ӣתת漴ӣһء˵¶ĻЦ
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ӣŨһıӰֻصߡ
̣˵˵ͷĹأ𣿡
Ĳɵĵͷ
С㣬ū澸˵˵ɡ
ģæȥ
˫ָѩڵļڣһ㣬̫ţȴģ޿ײ룬ȫǱġ
˶ţ߶
ȴվԵȻᡣ
˫䶯ǶС˵ʲôɫԽԽС
ร˵СҪޡԥһ䡣
ŶĻ˼ңƷΣ
ū澲Ǽҹ˵㺩ʵϷ˴δ˵ʲô¶
ҳٳٵŶһ
¶ƺҲ˵ʲô
УรүѴ˸йȥˡ
꣬Щˣֲζ᲻áֻǱδĲпЩֻȨûȥˡ
Ժ󡭡ԻҵĿĵġ
һˤҲ㹻ˡ

ʮʮ壬ÿӡ
ԪҵҲųϽ֣߶߶
ʱڣ˵ϢŨѩҲҶý
̰ͼҲǹ˲ˡʮߺⶬԵ̫̫ˣֻ¶һ˿Ӱӣץס
Ա⸮Ǽҵ䣬ˣڳΪ٣ӪӶ࣬ЩʹĲ¡
δظǰʵǹڡ
طǰⲡ֮飬Ҳ㿪Щ
ϡܼߣҲο
пЦԭӾƽ꣬ҲǼõġ
ڣȴǳҲΣҲΣ˼ҲڴʱʱʱģƳЩüͷ
ҲãҲá
ร㿴
̿ߵСָҿԡ
üɽ׵ּУӺʱ𣬾Ҳ˲ķ
ҿЩǸˣҲǷ˳øĸߴͲѰգҲδ롣
รҲЩ˲ɣΪɻı
ջĿ⣬겻ô굹ǻЩ
ɡǡ֮ʱ
΢΢ɨһۣοĪϴαˣ񻹼ǹء
һ㶣ɨɨǰͷĽΣรū澿ѧٳĺá
㣬Ǹ͵ۿʱսˣܴڸҲаһģūţรʹëҲãûţรӹǺöأɫҲЩ
ҵͷǷſˣ㲻ȥ˰ɡ
ͣΣ
㻰һη˿˿ȣ΢ҡء
Ŷ㻰Щţ½Ρ
̽ͷҵรţūȥ
ô㣿ô⴫ŭ
ȴδɵĿ
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λԶڽòУ컹ǺģĺǵǸЩ
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ȴǲһЦ¶ԭ򵥣һΣӡ
λ̨ǲʶÿ
һȻûƳŵǲͣظ䲻ãҪͻˡ
һЦ˼ʱǶ˼룬á
١үν˷Сϡߵ˲Ȱοһ䡣
ˣūŴͺá
ЦЦӭңԶԭȴǿĿ⡣
ҴݳΣɨһȺˣϵ۹΢ɻ
ҲԵ˹ز١
ԭ֮ùӼЦˡ
Ŵμ˵çײ⻰ڶ
ø֮Եٻᣬ!
ԭֻɻϣһ˿ŭЩҧгݣһ˿ҲδģŤתͷͷɳ۶ȥ
Ƕţ١
ˣ⵽ôһ£סҵȥ·۵ǰûڡ
Һһÿ
Ҽ룬۱ֱ
ҲǲģʱҲỳɣԼļ֣ǷǶԡ
֪ôһŭ
ʱסԼݣ˦һ䡣
ε֨ѽУƵĴصĵǡ
νηŲȻ࣬ҡн΢΢ζ
һ󣬲Ӱɡ
һᣬӦŷһû˵ˣϸһǵĽŲҲδ
ĺ¡һ£ʱտҲ
Ҫͣоֻϸϸһ
޲ร̱Ҫˡ

 117 

һ·ɽһҡΣǰͻȻһ
޲ร½
һ·ɽ侫Сйƴ
һ˵ĽŲУʱˮĹ๾ֻˮԼԼ徲ɫҲ
ȣʱеʪƣŨƣɨĴһתǣɫһֻƣһɽɽŴӲߵСУһڵСȪһܷ۳ĴأСءȻһյСԡ˵ĽӽȻȻɡ
ǼжŨܵʪȻǴǶطΣ·ȴԶȻɽſѳһϯء
иż䣬ѱңһɵӮ֣֮żȣҶʱȥ
ߵϣ򸣡
䣬ٿԺ󣬲Ŵϵ
ţʮϱ
ҵлȫüһЦ²ˡ
ǶȥƣĻӻ
ڶʱһƬž
ֻŵõͳĺҲðȻڡ
ӣ˴ǲࡱ
Σ˱ȴЩ
ʸ·أ塱
üͷԸ¶̫ࡣ

̧ۿбϿƽ۽µ˹ȥ
һʱδο˼¶ǷٵĵǺۡ
ô
δҲδ仯ֺδƶһ֡ߣȴߴһ㡣
ΥϣҲԸԼһкţˮȻ¡
̾һתͷңֲȴ֣صķŵС
ǲףҲţһ֮ˣǸǻ컯ɡ
һʹͷǺɸ֮ģȿ١
ǼǺ޽Ǵô
ãȻҡҡͷȴҪڻظ
ҲӦգӲ̻ںͷ
һ⣬ͻȻһʱ뷨ȴ
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ƣԺ£һУ˭ҲӲҲǷ꣬׳־ȻУȴֻǣʱ̣֮ս֣ղˡ
ҡȴĽ
һʱ䣬سٿ⾰ˮݣǲʱľֻһУǳпĸ͸
йһͷһЩˡ
˿ȴԺԹİĴڸУȴ
ֵиһУǶİɡ
ǻǸֻ컯ˡ

ҹϣ鷿ƻͨĺȴȻв̵Ȼ
˶һʱδ˵
ͷһ˦ߵűߣſտرȥ
ϳл϶СŮˣ¡ꡱ
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һรͷֻȿ֮󣬱Ч
ֻʱǣˣӭŰοĿ⣬ȥ

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ҽİϵ˼ɾ԰һ仰˵
ҺЦտΩΩФģֻпýʽһɡ
ֻⶫӣȴǶĪķ̣Ҷ嵽ԺУһԵıǽ¡
δأȴһʹҵˣһıȥһµҪ
غһʱȴӲû˶վأҲǺԭæ
ȶôˣô
̧ͷһۣȵһֹȥסҭòŲѹֵ
̣ˡ
ʧЦģǿЦãҲ˴롣
գһʲô¶ýٸһŲ͵ˣ
һ˵ݣСŦᣬȴֻһҡͷǷǷȻתȥ
̧ͣڰգδǷˣɿǱӰȴѹ˻㶵ĿʧԺţһսǱ㲻ˡ

ȻˣһɲǣߴߴУԺŨܵҶڴɳɳ죬һ󴺵Ϣ㱧źһţǻ԰иɫĻݵζƵ˾ˬ
õζ磬¶˿˿Ц⣬뵽ﲡã⼸ҲԺɢÿþһʱŰĻȥϢ⸮ָֻж˸ͬ԰еİٻɲʱͷ
รǲϼļѣⲼϣ幤
ɲǣ幤Ǿ١
ٹЩӣЩɶóˣڹѶòţƽģֲƽϣū澶ء
ǰĵıȻţüЦ
ųȥƣգ⻨ʽͷﶼȲϡ
ҽӹһŵͷׯ⣬ԽԽҲʹһЩıգһο
Ժ⣬̧Ųʵĵ⣬Ц⣬ĻĳԺ䵽˰ٻŵĻ԰·СţУƬƬٵģɫĻƯϣſỨȴˡ
⻨ʱмֻɫĺУ̲סҪ˹ȥͬ׷ͬѤõĻ
ǿ죬ԶңʱתȦʱԶɣž紺һݻ⡣
УλۻմȫָỮгص˼ķ˳ȥ
ʱڣ䲻ȣһǲۣȣǹ˼ʱ紺֪ʱѹǻ⡣
ʹȴвס׷ϣƶ²֪ƣ룬һģײ˳˫˫ڵأһƤ֣á
ЦһĿվ԰ţǰ
ת̤СͤĽݣЦų֡
λ㣬Ҳһͬ԰оɫôôȶӣ
ӣģ΢΢˿
þ񣬹ǻظúء
ҺǺЦǶ£ԼΪԼ˱衣
Ҿ֪øǸգԭͷЩ˵ʲôţҶǲŵģⲻӦô⸮徲ǱȴڱӸЩ˺ãܹԼӦúЩ
ҿ˿û˵ͷһ衣
ãӹ࣬ûǰɳأǺǣҺͷʵ˺һ
ЦЦŪеСʲôס⹬ͷ裬Ҫ䣬ҲǼüͷ¶ûôıϲˡ
ЦЦһʱЩ壬ٿǾ̫ƺգ˷ݹˡ
ӣѾͷ빬¶Ժп٣Ҳȥˡ
Сܻղô
˳ȻգͷĹصööֱ̽ײģɲУ⹬ͷɲȼ
ǣǡϲЦտԶ˵֡
ȶ빬ӶæЩʲôҲǼ˲١
Ѿͷ첻֪Щʲô¶Ҫ¶ˣλƵġһȶÿֻ̾Ǳ顣ָϡ
Ǹãءȿȡ
㣬Ҫ¶ˣ°ѵô
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Цⲻ֪ʱȥͷ̫ð˳ȴղʱҵҾǶһһȥ䣬뵽ǱӸÿǼʱĻ㱡
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λл˵ɡ
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ãǧҸ˼۳ϵ¶Ϊ㲻ֵ룬үǷ⣬սҲһյʤȵھĸ壬Щ꣬˵¶âδʱ򰡣ƣһ˼Ҷ֪ǰǿɶ躹ޣһһǽһ׼ʱ棬ͷڱү
ҿ˷ܺͷӣü躹ޣǣΪǵ˿࣬һȻҵʮģһŮ˶Ϊˣ
ǰЩӣ˵һұүϣᲦᲦҼүһѡ
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커ͳ죿ɶʱ¶
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Զǰ커ͳ죬ҢĴܶҪأʮĵĴЯ뾩÷ˮ𣬴ڵط£˲ţǸڳУýһ̤ʵļߣˣһܷô˭Ҳ
Ҳͣ˷ô
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ܲҰ˱հæʵڲУȥǰ߰Ҳð
˸磿ҡͷЦЦǿ֪ȨԽԽôֻͷȴǾʢ˥һЩ˻Щ룬˸ӵеģһЩڸ󳼣һޱȨһʵȨ浶ʵ˱ô
ʧĻȴ˵ֻǸȻȥ
紺İУȻȥ
ʱʱҪȻأһηҲ̲סᣬͨĹ¡ùǲһôļĻУģȴƫóƲôһ˴뱲ӣ¶벻ͨ
⣬ǰճȥ
ҿģǲģ⸮ҵģҲֻðꡣ
֮飬ڿЩ˺󣬵Ǹˡ

վڴǰʵɫֻӨ·ƣһһķ͸Ҷһҹ
һļž
£Ѿ˶ٸˣѾǵáа취ҲǰȻ鲻¡
ˣβͰǶְ
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ͣһ󣬸ֵūŶǰݣѰ¡
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ϼʻµʼͬģԾ裬硣֮£ܱˡ
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ô
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һһ飬⻰ͷ˸Ҳð粻ϵģҲòͣЪ
ô
ҹиһ֮ˡ



 118 

Ϊ˵ķְʱһҸӾֺʧͬƽؾװѡȻδع
ԽԽˣȵ̫յ࣬һ˿ûУÿղ÷λεֻ̫̾ѡ
ƫƫ£һҲͣЪ֪ƣϳƵĽţͬҽһȴֻεķ
Щӣü۶ƬԱӭķִһЩ΢дϢڲࡣ
°ѣҡģҸˡ
ʱգ£ǲ֪ν˯ȥðԺǷյ磬ŵЩȤ޲˺ڰ׵ߵ
Ժ䣬ֳ⼸ղʱظĳ
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ѵô˿˿磬ˬдʮĵţȱĨײײĳû˵Ȼڵء
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̣ȶޣһ㶼ޡ
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λûõһظ⣬һ֮Уȴƶ߰ܹ黹ûⲻڸסôսȥô?
ˣСЩǰڸ׼ͳ죬ʱ٣ԭ¶Ҳһ֮ء
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ƴۣһκͽ̩ʿǶţۣǹС
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סʹһ
ˣǺúģǵս
ŮҪˡͷ˿ңͻȻ쳤VһЦʱȻЦóǲ֪ν

ǶۿըĹְҸЩǧļͷֱǣͷƤ顣
ŮҲǵУǸղлңôȴԽԽˡ
ȰҪˣˮϧֻѪȵζ˷θ
ҶҶҲðȻӣⳡ̫϶Ӳģ
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˫һǺ˫˫
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һ£ҵһɣͻزӱסʹ࣬첻ϵ
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ұ۲ȴͻرһ˦ˤ˶׿⡣
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ŵվµһ̲Ѫ˹治ҪˣǸʿɡ
ҡεվýָźԶ
Աߵĸͳ죬øϻ
쿪ص֣ڳƣҵӺܼ񣬻һƬ½󣬴ѪĲһ¶һƬš
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ãٹȥΣգԶңʧ˻һ㣬ǿЦϵҪҡڲһˣȻֻһϣҲԸ
ֱĨߵѪȴǳŽȥͷǸһЦģһٻġ
Ǹթ֮ˣͷԶĶȻֱоһ㡣
׷߰ɡ
ֹסǣһ飬һЩ򵥵ϣҲðͷԣʷ㲻ıˣȻˣĲˣΪҪǿˣһܣġ
̧˲ʮֵİգĵķȥ
һ֮䣬̫࣬ٿѪʱ֪Ҿ֪أʲôϵЩһرɽ

119

飬ǿ飬ֲڴţʹʱص߶һᣬϸ
븮ʣһ˿˿ǣֹסԶһظȵ£û·ôðȻͻȻֻ֣Щ¶ˣһϣ뿪ЩʱܸпЩһж
Ȼ£ðﵣǣһ⸮ﶨ㡣˵ǾĻֻǳ棬ȻǳʮĸŮģӲ
ͷ̫࣬ǰҿֻŵģĪӡ
Ҳź֪ȣͣ½Ųһۣ֮䣬ìܣᶼɢˣңҲ׵˽ļŮӣĽž壬ϧЩźЩۣ̫̫ࡣ
Ѿȥ룬Ĵݻˣֻڴƽ
ʱ̽⣬űļߺ޵ȥΰЧԽԽˡ
λεĹâǴѪָһɲʱӡҰ˼⣬ô£ʱ£Ķ
Ϊִҵ·һӶʲôͷġȻģڶײ
һ磬ͱЩͷȥȥһ㣬ȣоһ尾ҡ
Ҵð㻻ҩԺûʶȫڣѾˬˡֻԵĪĺ
ıӸַ죬ָţһ˵źû²ѣܲһűһŵģôôܵ
ϤһŮˣӰӳţԽԽ죬ҲϵĲǳ档
ǱɣôӾȻ˰ܵĹ
ȴʧЦͿЦʷϵĲ㣬ܵ¶ûôĶǺսǿӣǿĸף游ĳ֮սһĻѡ
ȻĽָҽüԸȥϵ
ǼȻ֪Ҷǻ˳ߣһֱȥġ
Ժ⴫ϤĽŲæѽθӭȲˣӻôӱסô
δڴʾⶬ衣
ˣǲรٲæһ磬ûڹȥ֪ڸżȹ˵һҽţ˵
ҹžŰֶסĲ
˵ʲôܰȥô߲ϺõҩжٿͶ١
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ǿô족ҪǿôһУȷ;ڽϱ£ҲڴˡңһֵܵһҲ
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նĺҹãͬһ㣬Ĵҵġ
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ҪĿ̫СǸӤֻ
һɣȻĻԼΪʮĵøӵ飬׷ôִ꣬̫̫¡
ҪŮ춼ʹѰɡ
ͬһý֦һ㣬۶ϣûκιɡ
һδߣϵʹľӶô룬ôӦԣ᲻йķӦ᲻ͨʹ˺Լ
̫̫ࡣ
žҹҵͷȴǱӸĺ⣬֣ҵĽŲӽĺ

ĺûסƺԤģǶӡ
Цôɺô
û̫˱ֻǳ࣬ѹĵ׵ЩƺֶˣֳЩԽԽŨ
ӣҪ빬ˣȶһĨλڸﾲƮ
λһҲҪߵ׼ˡ
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ͬʳ֢һ㣬ˡ
ķ䣬ÿȥһΣһΡ
θҵģŲ
˺ǣ̧ͷҶǽİһƬƻ
ĺͻƽ֯ǵصԺ䣬ʫ԰ڣǷݿ⡣
Ȼ䣬Ӿ˹ȥ
ҴССĺţЩ¾ɣ߰ߵ㣬ǰҶٵĻ㽣ƺһ򿪣ҳ泣֣һж̽գ
֨ѽһҵĳ˼΢΢һЦʱգôҲ統öӣǲϵģ¾ɵģģɳƵ֨ѽȴЦˡ
΢ͷǻƻůůİֱްڡ
ͷ׵ƲʣòҫĿ̫ѷɫһ̣ǲõģСǻķҶҲôСŭŵʻҲô
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վǽֱ߲ϼȥ߷𵭵Ļһҵİһ̧ͷϸϸֵ¸߹ҿС
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ȥ֪ĳֽ
ֽá
һŮˣԶĸһڻ谵ĽͷߣȷʵЩ죬ʱ򣬿һˣƣ룬ʱǷظһѴæıӰĿĵصıӰڴıӰ
ͷ֣ɢȥζפ㵱У峡һУһѰķмҹͳͳװ롣
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ʰúܸɾмϣǴϱӣһ˿ڸжûС
Сֽһİףûһ˿˫գüȴǵ˵ϧ
˿С֣ԭ޹ǣȴݵļǡ
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Ǻҵİɡ븧ƽüСС·
ԼŮϸ糾ƽŮΪƵŮΪһеŮ
ȶ̰㻹ô

նŰ꣬ͷȶϱ߳ȥ
»صĺð°ҲһĪչ
ֺγ֪ǡ
֪׵
꣡
ֻ֪ܿˣУǿҲ
Ҳǡ
ȥɡƣһӻ֣¿飬תһص档
Ҳظ㲻Ϊҵģ²
Ҳظȱ㲻ɽյš
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Ҳٴμز顣
ΪǷΣΪӱܣ˽һ£鲢ҡ
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ǽͷɢʱĸоһץסңһ˷䣬첽ܵǰ͵ƿһ紵
һδüͶú˵˵̸̸ء
źһһ
ƸѩġԽԽ

120

ˡ
磬ղϣǻԽԽϡ衣
̫ŨҶĹߣУǰˣȴҲôˣǴķ磬ˬɪý
Ҷÿ춼ɨȴҲŹĵأͬķһ㣬䲻ҲɨңҲǿ顣
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̫ԲǣҲǶҵĳͷգȷʵõףÿûˡεºܣһ커ͳϼ£
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ǡǡһҪѡûпֵô
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δȶػɢһҸмЦЦ첽ȥ
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ʵڲԸ⿴ⳡ档
ȶУںģֻ㡣ȥȻҲ֣ǿΪңԺҪԵĸࣻңԱ磬ȱ̫˽⣬У̫ǹ˼Lˡ
̡ȶѾſڵأːQУ̫̫ࡣ
̸ӵĵģֻм䡭૵Զߣ˵δãңԹҶգδĽֵġ
žɪգǷѹŵںϵý
ȶһߣϣ̫ҫĿǻƻ衣
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̡
ǴŮӣ³Ҫ죬Ҷס
ǽŲлȥЩббϷֻǰĹյķƣףڣֱһǿһ

121

ร¶ôأ
˫һ̯ҡҡͷ˼
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γ߽̾˿֪׼ͳ֮˷̨Ӫܶ־޹׵Ů---־ޣֹ黭ͨµĹ򣬿ɲ޲รŮ󷽣ƺʩھжū֪үʮүʱȻҲȥˣŮӶǺ۸Ľɫ
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Ƭ䣬ѾҿƣԽԽҲѹƲס
׳־ػȫ֮

122

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124

ͳ츮ѾͷһֱûұѨֻܵײײųȥȻ¾߱ı飬֪ǲ߻ܾˡңֺγء
ǰԺʱԼǲֻʵĽŲžĺԺΪͷԺݣǾǵգֺľˣ˼ӿֻǴʱѾ̫ˡ
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ҼתͷȴǿЦľջͷŲʧһЦ㣬ҡеãӴ˽١
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ϣϣطGܱһЩǡ

125

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˸ɴģģⳡս۾ĻϵĲҽУһңȻҲܽʵĲпᣬİõģβһһ߳ԺţƬǽߡδִͬʱ⡣
δΣҲ󣬵٣ѾѡˣҪߵ·

126

׼峯ìѾã峯ҲһֱʮֵӣԸʼΪͳһɹĲ׼һֱ쿦أ˹ϣԼİͼֻҪ׼أԿΪܣǱֱӾǣ峯γɼвսۣԿλʱϡ
˵峯˶㣬лҲ·;ңԶһһξܸţ峯Ҳģƣڱ
׼ͼ͡ɮ񡢸ԼڵĲ̹䣬һֱڲ忹⣬սϣЩ˵һֱǵʹΰĺԸܵعϡʳƶ񤣬󣬵ǷǿƵӣõƣꡣʵڿͷ󻼣δܳ׽
˽ɹŵһУԼԲ׼ٲǰ׳󡭡ǣҲǺˣЦʱеˣʣµĻмϦٻعˣڵһУθ롣
΢΢̿ĺ󱳣ļݳɱ·̫̫࣬ԭ֧ŲסңòúõϢһֱƣڱԽԶȾöӣԭȣϱȺʱþǲ档
طһǷ̫࣬ջĿ⣬ӣĬĬᣬãҲԽԽˣңҲһ㣬ߵġ
ι
ԺͿŴĲյҸǰʱ˴롣
һЦһֱԲѵģҲ֪ʲô֣
ɰҽпɰ
Խɨ򲻿ɺδĵؽ磬һƬɪ
ŵȿˮɣܻдɳǵҹˡ
ãȻӹˮʵ
ĨһⲻǸ֪Сطٸһ·Ҫ봨
ȥ滹أ
Ŀһ£ЦȻȻ氲ٺ㡣
ΪƵĴϥ̧ΪִҪңЩ£嵨飬㵱ôΪҶô
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νɴҵΪ˵
ǲʮĲรҲۣ㣬Ҳ֤ݲףǸôߵġΪĹһЦ
㱰ɣ
ɨһۣӣһ࣬Ŀ
ôң
δ뵽ǻȥ˵յ˫ۣ͸ǷݵĺͲ
һ·Ȼû׷ǣܾãδ֪Σգں棬ԽǰߣַĸоԽҡ
Ȼ¡ѾҲʮĲรֻһ޹ؽҪŮˣ׷òδ׵УӲ˿ҵݣԽսµĽŸбŨˣΪԼ˽ĶѰҡ
ֻǡطGĻŹ
ü½µóܵľ󣬹ý붬Եϡ٣ĴţϦһûһ̸УܿûӰҹĻϮӰֻ紵ľɰ
㣬ǲ봨תͷǵǡ
Ŷ
ȥ·һҪĴģ
ҿһᣬ˵
Ҽᶨĵͷ
һµڳϿҡ֪פ
֪Ǳ򡭡
طGƢԣǻĴձȨҢסǵģĲң§˼ο⣬ӣпԭ
һҪң̧۶ԥ֣ҽ䱸ʮĲ㡣
Ǽģɨȥ¶ζһЦ
ǺǣкβɣӣҲڵȵڡ
ҹǱⲻ֪ʡ߽ȹɳϮһҹ
һ磬㲻֪һصһҲһңӺʵůͣΪƤëȻǾ£Ҵϣʮֵ
ҲͷϷӵķΣͷҵĴ£ǰ黨¡
֪Ѳ࣬ǲͣЩǰСЩɡ
ҰѲµΰõݸ
Ҳܾˬӹ㻻˴ģɨ˼ء
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ЦЦЩ֣Żů͵Ŀڴǰ·ο
ٿѣҪʮĵģʲô

·ߺžԽԶһֱҲĲҲнԶԺҳ˿Ҳͣð첻ٳԵĺȵķڳڣ㹻ǳϰ¡
Ϊ·ߣ·ת˲ʱ䣬Һüʲָ£Ȼһ·ǺʱֻĿ棬Լ̽ࡣ

ǴɵýǴıүȥصʱ򡣡
񲻶Ÿ˿һƬȻӸϳĲ㲻䲻ȵĵ˼䣬
ӶȻסֻôľȻĴôҲֹס΢죬ű粻ϴӣ˵һ仰
˼޲þʹ˷ϳǽŲܼĵطȥҲ˲ĺطˣˣ
ߺ¡¡뻮һָ־߰ҵʮģңңվڸ̨۸߻ӣͬһ㡣
ʲôˣ첻ǣ
Ȼһ٣æĨһᣬǿ򶨣һ·ӦöˣҲ㲻ٻҡ
磬ﱾݵũң֪Ҫսҹһϵ·óŲ֪Ϣͨͨڰɡ
УǰŵôµģȻǽȻһ涼˵ű㶯һҡΡ
ϵС·٣ϣһ˿עʱܱص̤ЩŲ˶ϵĿ߶·Ĵ졣
Ҷʱ³ȥݣ·ֻǡ
洽ؿԣһʱ̫뼸磬ʱͨ죬˫ֲϴء
ٴ磬㿴ҷ˲ʵ̫أ찡ǰŵĴҲͬǣŷǽģʵݵˣµģң󽫾󣬶ϰǼõģĸ岻ʣҲͷˣ
ˣȷʵܴĦģʮϵãӣҲܹʤ̵ĵҪ档һ˵ЩٲҲ˵ʲô
ĿĴһҹһѾõģߺȼڲָм£ǽȥ
ͬȷʵҪͬˡ
ڿȷʵˣģȻҲ֪һȥǺԭ򣬵һŮӣҲʲôΪ
ʮıС·һᣬκֵҲLĳˡ
ȴҲ˵ĴɣսѾյˣʮҲء
ʱݰ¶ǲ롣
ȻѾزֻеĲһУ취طᣬӿɬҲ翪ʼʱӦˡ
ֻǲָİϧͱ̶ȣӿ󲻰һ̽·Ĳȷԡ
ָڣһ𣿶ʲôϵʲôݣټϳ𣿾ǣǷ񻹱ǰļ䣬ʰɻȵĿռ䣬ĵ໥ȡů֮ˣ
̫̫࣬ôһοδϣ̾µİ
Ҳ뾩ˣɣҷе޶־ĿŲݳɱ

127

ʮıôĨĨᣬŵннֱҲ
ȻʮѳǣۺҲܹڳͣ£Ƿˡ
һ·˳ĳ˱߹أȻ·;ΪϤҵһЩݵС·չһ·ĹؿȻ·ٲڵĺˣѣҿ಻ԡ
أһǴӿһǰͼֻ·ʮİŵ·׼ȥľ³ջϣֻߵƸӣֶɽ·С
ĿĿĲȻɫҲԽӣľɲָˣһ·ٵòڸϺҩĵĵʮĲ˷ܸйֻ֧ԼӮӣ޲L˼̫ࡣ
ʹһǣקסϵҧŴʹֲһֻǲ֪֧Ŷá
Щûˣһ·ңһΣգ벻ʲôļֵôһ˾֮Уرģֻһ˷Ҳס֮ʮغʿû׼ʲôУۿսˣļ
˻еİգû·ңȸȥ氲ң˵ľ£ǲ˵ٱԹʲô
ջʱڲ֪ɽͣţ׼ɹһҹ̫һת۱ɽؼ伴̱һڣҴδľĿտصĺڰⷽԲڣǺ̵ģⶼһƬ䡣
źĳ죬һһҹ֪Ķķ֯ɿµķΧ
û˸֮ΣĹעǰսʱ˫ֽƽݵĶҿãͼҳϵļֵڡʮֵľֻ֣ӲͷƤȥѾû·ˡ
˼룬ҲϵʹʱͻȻһ룬Щҹ¶Ϯһ˸æĴ˼磬§ϵޱ
صĺһЩӦҲĶϲڰֵ
˵ʲôֻǱΧģһҲ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôá
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Ǳüӿų̡ںڰ˻Ƶðһ䡣
ûµģ㲻ùǵң˼̧ͷ۹ʾҾԲȡ
ҳ̾˿Īѹȸкθɢڰͼžһ壬˦ӣһҡΣ˳һ֮໥š
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ҳĬ
Уʥ֮أеľ֧ԴԴˣĲᣬһ֣ȻͳһĲƾôҸһΪ˷ܶʹǿ󣬹Ҳˣܹøá
ǣΪǵսЩΪˣøӼˣĴ԰Ҳ٣Ϊǵͳκֵ𣿡һ·̫ķһʹᣬԭȵĲԭڿѾ٣;޶ڣӼ࣬ŵɹţѰ֮ˣغĿֻţĻ̡̻
֪ʲôǴ峯սÿ귱ĽҪǵһУյôУ
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˭Уǵȴ峯ǿʢһжעģκһʱ̣ǵ¸ңǵҰģǵǵսյİܻǵġ
һ̣ûɵģͬ㿿˵Ľ˵Ľ
ֻҶҲ˵ֻܸӣıɢССĿռ䡣
䣬ξЩˡҲãҲãҲãԶҲãҲӲ
뵽طGҧгݶŲ˵ңԺ׼ĻҲɵһ־ͺ£ǣţϵʹҲҲ̲סʹ޲Ҿʹȥ㡣
ٵڣűüôˣ
ҡû£СײҧüҶð亹Ӳǲҡο˵Ҫӿų̡
ͷһŵ˳Թ˵æȥ죬ƺ˻𣬵Ļʱʱ
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ŷϣҲܴյЧӲã⼸ô˵ڳ˹أҪѰҩǲˡ
ҡҡͷֽӹһⲼԭһϸɳûȹ¶УҲ԰̧ͷЦЦʾм
ͷת³ҿ⼸ҲûʲôȥŪҰʳ
ů㲻ȥˣ̫ˣ򲻵ʳġ˰ģ˵ѾûӰҲġʧڿС
ҡҡͷɳŵϣ§ӣڸУݸů¯ȻΪһ㣬ûеĸо
ȻʮΪУδս˻ɱ֣ٲء
ο
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ˬЦݣҲĪĿпطҲԾˣͬЩʱ֮ˣ磬˸磬Ÿ磬ʮ磬ʮĵȣһϣܹһЩǣϾ
΢΢˦ͷȥ룬۴ЦĽӹݹĿ⣬ӵ񣬵ͷҧһڣζľ׽
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ǺһЦɳһ¡
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ڻΧƺҲ˱ԶˡڻžУǸŸԵ顣
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ģҿɲ̽ܵġ
ԳһЦ
ʵ֪һ·ɻĶ࣬ʵҲûʲôֻҸˣӱһЩˣһЩ£⣬Ҳһֱʶķ⡭
Ǹү
һ㶣ЩȻı飬ĿĵͷҲǿɡ
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㣬㸸ʱѾѿˡ
Ĭһŵңο˴Ҳδ򸸺˵ȥĿġ
Ҿȡǡһ·Ϊ˵أ硱ս²˳ı֣ŷǳѹһֱΪǲ̹Ҫ
巡δұ飬ȴԹ˵Ŷ֡
ңȴѾģһ±ڰɵһ˿ʣ巶֣һҲˣֱֱŵڵطһŽģģĿ⡣
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δתͷźҫĻ⣬һ˿鵫ìܡҵӡ
ȻȻǽգȻʮȥټԺĿءҼɬĿŻⲻ
ֱģƺҴʲôش⣬ľһʱδ
ֱ˺½죬Ҳٶҷʱ֪شʲôң֪ȫʧȥ̬ãռһƬԽ룬ŲԽֻѾû·

128

ڵˣʱѾ˿ʮβؽ棬ȴ޹صϲ죬Ĵ󷽣ҲսµĿֻС
ʮһأǴֱʣյ³գºضΪ֮ڽ䲻ľ档սĲ̹˵һս±Ͳ˳һ֣Ѿע˵ġ
Ѿõ꣬͹ľضصأűΪƽ潫܊أºض󷽿裬Ϊһ檶ӱܣսԽսԽ£˿иķѾȹ̵γ˰Ĵ档
ڹϡʱϣӵĽɽȹ̵ģս£Ǻص֧֣һ·һ·Ĵɳ⣬ϵԽãսԽʣʮĵҲԽԽ죬ʹǼο˸С
νһúðٵ˵Ҳ˱ʮִԣҴҽĸף̹ĵһ˹Һ󣬱Թȥӣڶһ磬֪Ѿ
İĻҺһ㯣ＱеҪһУ취ȥʮģֻʱһ֮ΧһҲŲŲ
ˣɳŵ⣬ĳޣ޷ƣȻҲ޷ǿеõκйϢ
ѾʼɣһˣǷ̫ڳ嶯ǣľ¡
ҳˣԭüʲôҲ˵ĳ嵽ȥʹޣһеģڣ˺ü죬ȴ涼ûҲҼ
һңǰгӰҵģֵ֪Ŵν°ˣȴһֱ֪ʷģ̫̫࣬ôڵһУѵ벻ģҪıʷô
ұԼ뷨һ
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ϲչҵѾͷԲͷԲԣɷǿɰֻŭͲԸо³Ҳδкж˵ӿ죬˺ˮЩ¡
ԶĹͣԷˣ
˵һظеСϣһǣɫ԰ף᲻ģһ
㲻ôģʱ򾹴鷳֪˵ǹɽˮԹ˵İŪ죬ੲݡ
˵һҲ㣡
ûͣƣɨأããĴԭ޼ɵĺҴܣżɼֻɢţͻȻƽмҴɼɫձҲδдҪ㣬һδʲôĿȥ
ι㵽ûУԶ
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ΪŮˣҾͲҶ㣡ǲϲģǵŷ˵λȹ̲䣡˵λŷˣһĽͳ
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էһԭҵĵ⣬ԴڴˣһЦæֵϲˡ
һת磬᲻᲻Ҫ֮Ҫ֪ŷһһ⣬ͲҪˣƣôЩ죬ŷʶδ㣬û㣬Ųм⾩Ůء
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ʰ׵̳ʱŨ䣬˭ϡٲұȥӣȻδ½ġ
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յĲԭԶʫʸеã룬ʱݵʱ⣬ֻԼ̫ˣԼᣬļࡣ
ʳʣʮţûõӦһУսݣԭСֻʣưСˡ
ǲ¸ңԸ߶ϲ͸״ҲԶԶĿ˿еĺʣУ룬Ƿתŷԭȥ
һݵرǰԶţɢĴⲽʱͷ¼ݣĵý
ķ˷Ϯ޴ӣһȻĵطҵӣҪ΢΢סŵֵסԭӵ
˵Ҳаµ·أңԶÿʵĲԭL롣
ЦЦ֮Ҳǽˡ
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Ѫĵûһ˿ȶȵģԲ̫ڹϦյֺ䣬Ϧ;ģҿʮĹǲ̫۳ţ°͵ϥǣ˫һҲĿģ׹ңԶʡ
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ͻȻȻ¼֣ǲһͷԡˮѾۿ
ȣ㾹Ȼػ֪ͬ˵Ǻˣϲ˵Ѿקǿԡ
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㲻ؾн߽ǿͣο㻹ȹҷһ
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ЦЦ֡ˣˣҶ㵹ҲһʣüУҲýأˣͬһɡ

ܻ಻ϣ֮ò仯ĴҲδ룬ҲǣôЩֻͬһҲˡָһããĲԭѰ
ԭִǼõģڣȻҲҵȥճϵĽֻԣ粻ļ򵥣ο˵ľ棬㲻ڣһ䣬ļǵǼġ
ңȻΣǷݶݣҵͻȻɻģʲôҲδ˵ϵ䣬ֹͣǰ
ֻǼռ䣬棬㶼֪λӾĹͣŷ˵дٲʳ棬ΪԭҲࡣ
ΪƵԭĽʿ󶼶ɳȥµĸӶ࣬ϵԼ򵥣ֻǲʱشսһʱ͵Ȼһƿˡ̹ĶλˣҲżżʱǶ᲻ѡ
̫̣ת۱ҹԭȲԭĸɫҲֻܶ࣬ʱŪ棬ԵЩѾ˽ʱˣÿҹÿҹµأʱ賿ŵƲʱüţʱӱʼдɫһһ졣
ͻȻ̧ͷȻһеݣúڰԶ˼
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ҲشֻüĿЦҡҲʡ
˵ΪܿЩˣݻͬѰô㾩мҵ
һ˿ңȻ̸ⷬô򵥣ʷϤ̶ȣúúӦԲСڵѾܰյˡ
ʲôҵԣΪū澣˲ǲˡ
üֲšԵЦ
ҪӱִܸһԵɣ
ΪˣΪѰˣ۹΢УҫĿ
ŷ˵ЦˣҴСŲĻᵽããԭѰˡԽԽСӦ
ȥЦݣ΢΢ӡɰ㵹ͬһλýú񡣡
ĨĨϸڸš
ţʱˣʱ磬˯ɣҾ񵹻ãʱóȥԭ峿ΣЦϨ𣬵õظ

ʪʪĲݵأһ⣬粻еĳȣ˼׷ɲѣף棬Ҳپôȥˣʱʮ꣬ҺҲѰǰĹˣǵжԹϵĴĻҵݳ¶㲻ˡ
ҵøϽѰʮҪȻһжãֻҸ¡
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ҳЦЦ⼸һֱչңȫǸԹֱˡ
ɡ
ҽСӣŵҡҡͷ
ҽЦЦƥģʵڹҲѧһЩģֻǲԭ˾ս
ţеޣ˿ǰ˼У̩ҵģûȫǡ

أҪѧģõĶ̸ң
İɣɰС㣬£ұ֤ʮĴңޱϻ˼ޡˣץƽ⣬ɣҪ¡
һڣԱӦࡣ
ÿ峿ϼ۶ȹѧרģģ̵Ҳ˵ޣҹܴﵽҪġ

ɰ˵ѧ
š
ͣ±ʣŵƣʵ
Ϣ粻ҪȥˣҵȻ˵һ
ʲôô
Ȼ⼸Ҿ־룬ֻϣʱߵЩ
Ͼǡ㾭ʱǨҲѰʱ·ˡ
Ҳգ˽ʰ
иۻᣬصΪģ㵽Ҳ࣬ȴδúд⼸ĳƣ׼ЩĿˣȫҲһۡ
ֻ˵ΪҰۻᣬҿԾܾȻ·ңֻǽ軨׷ͷˣһ֮ǵҪЩҵҲ˵ʲôˣֻͷ˷һЩź

ͷһΣ򲢲ô䣬ҹ󣬴ҶϢһƬžȻΪʢ𣬺ˬ𣬼֮ŷְŽᣬҶӳҡ
Ĵţζ;㣬̾ƻЩһ𣬵ҲԵѺˡ
ɰⰲſɺ⣿ɨһȫ֣ͷ͵ҡ
ҳٱлĵһ̾ơ
㱼䣬ǻأ¹ѪǳůЦ⣬طٹ죬ұҪѰˡ
һٻⲻˣʾ£̹Ķλپ˶ǵǺͰ֣ģҲǿϡ
ɰС㣬Ȼ𣬵㣬ûȹá⼸Ϊʶʱںҡ
ҸмͷȷʵЩɢ
æˮҡ
أȥæɡ
ǣˣ
ӹֱͦıӰջߡ
ɰĳҿһۡ
Ķͷ˸á
ͷͷ䣬ҶҾƵѬգոӵķſʱ˶赸ͳ裬֡
΢ۣббţǰһУŽ࣬ǵϲ졣
žžУֳȻͣӣػϯ档
ʱһͶλ˺¾Ų֪ľӣĻɡ
ָʾǲתң߽ҡҡǴԲȦдʡҲף֮⣬æֱ΢Цл
ˣʼɡ
ţһ죬಻ͷԣˣʮֵϣӣעȺֳֻתӰ
ǣˣ꣬طG͸ĵǴΣߵǴΣǱһصġ
ǷǳңԶ͹žɵļһտһУȻʹᡣۿ΢΢ʪ
೤ĵʽͷɮʾ£һɫ
˵¼䣬㵥ϥҹ£֮ϣֱǰ
ҡ˫һ˫ֻй£д͸ϤҶΧһƺʧˣֻһ
˫ַקűβȵ£ͷֱϤڶСñ᲻ֹʮĵԴԴϵӿйصһеĹºͼ䣬ռҵӡ
ˮ׷ɵĵڰɫë䣬ת۱㲻
Ƶĺ󾢣ûǣȻǰСñƲסӿ޳
û˶һľߵǰ¶ЦͬҫĿӣڡ
ȵĶ£ӹڶСñϸĴҵͷҡһ졣
һɲǵľΣ־ٶҵۣһ±˴롣
޲รñʺأ
̧ǹ޵ɰͷңοһһ
ң޴ĺ¼ͻȻϮľƵĺ󾢣Һһ𣬲֪ȥ˹ȥ
һֻ̣֪
¡Ҫˡ
½ɲҿư

129

ݣãҵʮģǧַǼδϤеĥǸңһУؼãʣȻעĿ
һĲ̹Ͳ㣬㱻ΧȻһľ䡣
ңôῴǣƿʮĵߣһŵĵеĿ־ӿϣиӦģæת󣬹Ȼһƣҷһǰץסңǲݷŵʬ塣
Ĳรǲǣսıƽҡ
!ҲǣҲǣʸڷϣȴѲƿء
ǱƵͶ·ҲģܿһУҲǲǣϾͽ
עһűսмȥ
벻ҪҰûڵú޲õĽг֡
ڻͷңһ˿𾪳ϡ
ʵںĳ档
벻Ҫʷܸı䣿ôִ࣬ıһһˣΪѰ㰡Ϊҹ¾֪ܶҲˣҲ֪࿪ģ𾪣ǣ֮ȴǸźĳǽˡ
±ӣ֧ŵ棬㯡
ǽǰսѪı˻ɱڶǵǣҲᵽɤۣҵĳҡͷҪҪģȴֱеĲ
ұôѾ·˻ƵǳıˣϣЩʿϵѪҲͬϣͬܣǵ飬̣Ե˵СĪ⡣
ǻδüԳĳ档
ѾǷط̫̫࣬ôΪԼĸ£Լĳ嶯ڲ壬ҾĲذףҪһУ֪ҶҵȴһĶ¡
ҲҪ˵ľľȻϣԼϹҪһУ
Բ鱯̾һԥսģ

ط۹ɨ֮ǰҾĴ󺰣ӼҵŤͣ
Ҫ
УŤתǬʮľ۵ģֻԱǳ嶯ķ˺ۣһһͬʹʮĻϡ
طҪҾеĴ󺰳޲þȫͻϵĽ
ڰУǺֱֱطƺϻ죬㯲ѣ֪ںδйȼ𣬿ֱֱëձϣ˫Ķҡ
Ҳų˿½ԭΡ

ѺֵУУһƬ峺
峯Ĳร
ŪеͷǴЦģζ
ľȻϲзֻ֣֪ұӣһҲٴȥ
ڲʲôıȻǣ͸֪Լˡ
ҲǣŷˣҪʧұ¡һ峿ˣȻ峿̫ڷӣǷҵĽŲ
洽һЦ
Ƿϲһʾ
ɬЦ
˺ǲģĴֽʵ
ңһԸˡ
ϵһУϵģ㾹ȻҪģҲһֱûʮȷݵԭ򡣡΢Цֱ
ԳЦЦ龭мһĻͬǰ
˵ѣעΣ˵ˣѵŹ?ҺŵĿİݣٹʮ꣬ʮ꣬ȻǵãڣôͿء
Ҷһʣû뵽
̾
Σ͸ҵĻһ?Ȼ飬ǻҲ㯺ìܡ
ƾһ֮ȷ𣿡
˫ȴЦͷҽһЦ
ûյ飬ҼȻСñ㣬˵ܲأ
ұۣеĴʧ䡣
ⲻһ˵飬ô˵ϣԸģ
ǣǿĲүûաɲŵЦ
Ҳ㰲ŵģ
ôᣬ޲ŵɵĴ¡
ǵģ֪һ޲Ȼһ١
㣬Ӧ֪ҪʲôúϢɣҲġ
ҴȥıӰҴʱһУһлתϣ漴ұĿЦЦԼ˵ɺ͵Ȼˣ㲻ǵˣѵһ˺

ұʡ
Ѿְ֮£ңֻ׵Ķ㣬Ϊ
һ·Ҹɵɵ£һһΣ̫ˣҾҲġ
ˮذϣĴϣΪĶ
ѡҾʬսҲһĽ
ԭȵǣġ
ľȴҲ֮У㣬һǲ䣬ġ
ңԼʲôľء
ɰ
أ̧ͷ
û뵽Ǵ峯ĲรʮĻóĲร߽ʾҳԵϵĶ
ҵͷĬ
Ƕ²⣬Ϊ
أӳȥɡľȻĿ˵ƵģξѵңôῪ˵仰Ц
ǰŪ˵ֱͻȻֹЦЦ
ã
ģĻشҾ̧ͷ
ΪʲôңΪʲôҪ㡱Һܿ侲
ڵܲȥ𣿡
һսһ£ʵͶˣΪʲôҪҡһ仰ȷʵ˼һпˤøҵĵز
ΪʲôҪҡ
㲻֪Ϣ
нŲҴ»㻬ȥ㶵ĿһУȴֻܰһеϣ

ңڴŹһεʱҲԵģҲ뿿Լһء

ϲŷ
ʰ׵Դſڵϲ
ȻҵݣҵãΪɱգҲٰڳĸСı顣
Ҫ̣ԻúϢɡ
Ҫͬ˵
˺æûʱ㡣
ϲ㡣΢΢һ
ԳΪǵͷӦкͷҺ󣬱Ҵȥ

һʱһպôңͣ´һ󣬼뿪
ȻǸո¡
ǣȥ߰ɡվʿڣԶԶ˵һ
ΪƣȻӹ˵ҵͷ
Ȼվķڡ紵ǵĳʵİţǳĬĺڷвֺ
ǷҪ˵
һۣ˫̯ģ͵ص
վ󣬴ӮӰӲ﹣ں
һһнȻأѲ˺
һδ˵ֻúԽԽء
֪Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻȴˮ
Ŀһ£ڰ
̾Ϣںڰ𣬲֪˭Χ˭

ҲȻ֪
㻹ǰ峺ҸĽ㣬ǲм㣿
ڷҲվסȲסҡεΣڵء
ԭԭ򣬵ֲԸȥϡ
ǣ㵱ȻԸϡſԾȥ顣
ǰ˽̽ʮĻӵһУҲͬʱ֪㣬ҿĻұ˲ɣԸԣôôɵ¡
ԱңԹ˵˵š
ңɵϣôôǰһδ仯òǰ׼յһˣĻ˲ɺ󣬾ʮֻ꣬ΪһС
ðǰңԵöôɺ޴
ܾȣǲǣ˫Ц޾ĳ
һۣããԭһۣ־ķܾһеůѹΣ
Ц
ȻĸǵһΣҲûຣ˶زĹˣ
ҵȻҵ֪һеʷʷеˣұѾ֪ʷҵκʹ
ʱգΪλıʷ
Цתͷ
㲻ҪӱܣЩʷҪ죬죬Ե޹ʵš
㯡
ԭһءζһЦ

һ侲ͷβ൱֪Լʹ֪֪˳ƶΪ
ҴʱлĻ
ȻʷϣⳡҪһֱʲôǣطȴŹǣִҪأҲǰȥΣǲΥʷ
ҲԸϡԲᣡ
ֻĽڣԼĵĽڡһȥþƻָδ֪ң֪ǰȥطǷҧһڣһͿصĿԣ󣡱ϾƣһաҲðա
ûң⽩Ҳбԭع;

ʳ֪ζľ׽еʳѽҿ˷Į
ѾôҲҲϵ㡣ʵʱ뾩ʱѾʵڵľ档ңɵɵģһһģԼĺͿ
˵ӦңܾҳȥôҴ㶵ʿڡ
ҹͻȻ쳣űҵĽŲҴܣʱ˽¡˽ˣ
һδسҾܡ
ۺȻһͷˮô¡
һ·񱼣ֱҲԲֹסŻʱزͣ¡
˱ܷ֮أ˻ҳ˵㶫ҲŻ
ʲô¡
ʹ˵СƣûʲôˣôЦЦŸҰζİ
ղˣҵģҷģҲʡ
̧ͷЦģĽ֪Ҿ͸¶Ϣ⻰Ҳܴȥ
㲻⣬ôڴͷ.
͵ĵͷ
ôشϢǧһ̣֪֮ͨˣȻǲױʮģ̽ʵֻΪ֤أҪҲĽҰҴĿģ
һȻҲǲұߵģ
ҵͷʾ֭ͼͻȻһ֣ʵ
޲ŵˣ
Ҳ⡣
ȻˣȻұߣĿֻĹ߶ѣҵˣҲøӲ
޲ŵͬĸĵܵܡδļ̺λʷϣžԵƣ⹫ز찢ۺĺܡ
ǣʷ졣ôһУģȻ
뵽ˣҷ侲شҡ

ҲµĹȻûдȻûǰһ̱ס
أлͲรǰҲʡһ·ì
ǶˣڶӣһһҲһң֪Լãһ鴤ѡ
ͻȻתͷ׺ݵĶסҵĲӣϣ
ֻ̫׼ҵУʵҲ˵ͬҲܴﵽĿġҲЦһЦҲ
ԽԽòϣһ治ɫһһ˫һһ£Ӻļֱйغ󱳣
ǼĳͬʱǰǱļͷӹظйᴩҴ̴ͷֻټһ̣ؾȻȻƿң˫ָһĿ־壬ȴǷı顣
ףǲݾ
ң֪һ׵ĶҺǽʣС

ҲܣǵĽŲ
ͻռҵ顣
Ҹ㣬µ̲أ˵һ仰
ңѾȥ׷Ѱټ١
ֻû뵽ҵ޴ҾҪֱʮ档

ҵĵʹƾĲ̹Ͳϲ⡣
޲ŵһ׷ߺ޳£ĳɾͺʹ̹ӡѾʲôʹʲôֶζܴﵽˡ
ⳡУȴʱתͷⲻĿң˵ݣҾȻһЦˣܶúλô
ʮĲร׼Ĵˣһ
̹һɨǲִСλĳҾٱҡҡλվ
ббţɫһС
ĺңԶģİ
ҵĮƮƮ
̲סĵǰӹһ£Ȱ̹˷΢ѬϢ˯Ⱦ
¼֣ԹЦ⡣
޲รȴΪִǰ
ʱ̹һ£޲ŵǸ˳Ҳ¡һʱ䣬ֻʣˡ
ʻԵޱȣŵΣɻ󣬵Ĳʡ
ұۣĮڵ£
Ϊҵ޴ۡ
ǡ
ΪΪôһҲûСͻȻڵ³ǽ޵Ц⣬󿪵ĵ
һʮֱʹתþò
˺һˣԭô򵥵˺ˣҲ˵ס
֮εأһƬ֮εء
Ҫˣ˵Ǿ仰ʵֻǳȫһƬ˽ģôİأ
ǣڽ֮ʱʾ¶˵һ䣬Ҫģһ
ֻձ
ֻǰͣ޵ģ޵ģǵһŽʽĸ˿Ӳָӣ״Ƕô
ΪҪô
ǰǱȥһҹȴˡ
ӺǣĹ£Ҳʧɫ
Բ㱳ӰȫʧжһɫҲڰģ˿˫񣬹⻪ȥĵӰɵģ壬͸ĹΡѽ⡣
ƺһ㣬һ˿˿ƽǽʶ
ΣҸطءһҹ˫ۣ
ֿܣֱʣֿµĳ档
ֻȴͷԽԽãҲ£Ϊ죬һֱȥ
ȴЩִ֪ʲô⡣

δԵҾȵĴ
ѾءŪϵСᣬͻȻǰǰҳ͸иһ㡣
ɲôҾȻǵãġ
Ѿǿʮˡ
طʱᱻٻأһ
̧ͷһЦֵǰ࿴Щ飬㲻ϣºˡ
һ㱡Ȼ˵
ôѽˡ
ɺǰҲδ͸¶ȥͻȻ

洽һЦǶˣһ֪ɺսսӵݽȥ
ЦЦ˵ԸŹô
⣬ֻͷЦ˭֪ء
ͷһŭᣬ˼
ãҸ㻹ô
Ļﵹ˾ҵĲ˺ǣʱȻĥ͸ˡ
ֻǾвϢй㡣
ҽѡ
˵ھ⣬˵㱻˽棻Ϣ޷ȷһֱˣҲ뿴һǻ᲻óϧѽ
ԣһݣȻƼһ龿
һѵעҪطô
Ļҵģҵıȥһ·ۣ֪Ҫȥȥȥ
ϡ
޾ĺºɻӿϣת
ôԸң
սҶϣֻҪһȥʷ
Ҳ˼ҾֵͬǶޣ˱ᡣ
̵Ĺ⣬һһ
ʮӣԭԼ̳лλȴΪ㣬أʧȥֿɵõĻλ
ҲһУֵĲסˡ
ģҿú⴫λĻӵģ룬룡
֪ʵǸն껥ַЭ飿侲һǺҩ
ģҲţҲţ
֪֪ǲ̺λʱֺαƭ㡣ϧ߽ңӽң
ҵл£һ㽫Ҵ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪҡǣǲΪʲôʲôҿ޵˵Ҳû뵽ԭֲ֮·Ȼʮĵ֮֡
죬Ϊʲôôƽָ֮ΪʲôҪң
Σʲôô
ҸʲôʲôҸüʲôָ÷ʲô
ҵǰסҡ
ʷǲɸıʷȻͲװ׵ȻʷĳǣܻһЩˡ
бҺҵĺ󾱣ֱº󱳡
ҼһƿŶκһ仰
ܣԲܣ
ô֤֤ҵ˼·һֱطGȻļλ
ôӦοҵ˼·һֱطʱҵλʧ֮ۡ
ǣյһУȴҪƷʮĲ룬߸һУһеԵɣȴֻΪңΪҵĳ֣Ϊҵĳ嶯ҵԣ͵һС
ԿҲԸϣҲԸ⣬ҵʮģ̵һĻ£ҴڵʲôҲɵԼʲ졣
һֱԼʷһ˻۵ģʱûС˻
ȴ²ҪΪǾأڸһеĺɫת磬԰ΪЦģ޴ģĽɱ
ѳʵѾˡ
ҿҵľٴηɱһ·ľ˺ۡȻſ
ɣעΪ󲻶ϵĺҪҽʣһ˿˿ǡ
һİҲѵͣ½Ų
ȴԵҵϡ
巣̫ˣ޹ŭƿת
ûŭֻص
ǡΪǽҪԵһУֻӱܣֻԽ𣿡
ڲ»ʱ۵ϣͶͬİ۹ӥƿͶطGһ
Ӳġ
ҳӣӲվֱصյ֣һеһУףǸ죬ֻ㣬ֻҪء
ǲӦһͬôߡ
巡ȴǷſң߽סһֽٺ໥ˡ
ɬջ۹⣬ȴƵģⱲӣǽֱҲҪʹ޵ˡ
һıӾ޴ı
԰Ϊ԰Ϊš
ЦĿ߽طG
˵ڣҸᡣ
԰Ϊ԰ΪЦſϧֵָݡ
ʵⱲӣծģطGծ
˺תʱҲǷºծԶҲ塣
ңҲˣطGҵİԭˡ
ҾһֱɵɵĳճյģĬԲǿЦ
һΣңѾˡ
һһ̣Ҫһصطʹһ
ҵİİ
ⳡսĳԭԭֻϣһϷ
طG˵еģԭֻѡ
һαʣ׵̫̫࣬ʧҲ̫̫ࡣ
飬飬ν
Ȩǰֻܿվ

130

ྻ֮ذأʢĽعɣһϵҫ
ѪȨǰȴİͬĸɫһ㡣
ĮȻĿŸɬ˫ȴհȥʲôҲû˵

ͻȻסңݺݵҷÿһڶȻ೤
ԣҪңô֪꣬ˡ
ұۣҲ˵ͬ˿ƵľżΪ
ͬݙ]һҪҰ޾㯺;ֻҺ޵׵Ԩץ֧ŵ㣬ȴֲ֪׹ʱǾͷͷʲôңǰֻһƬѣת
ұһУʶĴˡ
ŻؾȴʥĲ
Ҳ޷ϴһء

ԭ޷κξҵĶʳƵıϣ۵ɮɬõķ
ϧҲǾˡ
ԺſòǺͯСһ˿ɨŵأż̧ͷƳһϵҡ
ոһգԭήľݣԽïʢһƬգԼȴĳ£ǱΧһ˾ģǰή
ȺΧˡôǿ󰡡
ĮĮԽǣƬд䣬ǧ죬뵽УȻһһεʧɫˮݡ
ѾˣطΪλûѾؾˡ
ңǲڿǰϻؾء
ɵ˲ǣʷ
αңɮŻָдʡ
ƣıۡ
ʦ׼ͷ˼ձҪ빬裬ӴôһСɮվãⳡ߶ƺûûˣǰС
ŶΪ׵ɮü
ȻѺ峯ͣǷžأȻǹصĺá
ɮͷСɮӻ֡
ıۣȴ˯ȥ

Ⲽʥ飬δʹͨô
֪Ҳ˳ưˡ
ף벻ͨģʣֻǲܽܰ˫˫ѣʷˣ㲻ִġ
ǣ˭йһ˿м
ңֻҪط
ΪɥĽŲ߽¡
֪ңģгһգҶŹģ
ҺЦĳ֡㵱ȻŹҪֱҺθɣ
߸ߵĴͷңĬһ˿̾ϢתһתҲޱȵĳء
طûϢ
Ŷ㲢еҪ

Цתôܵ˺ôʱء
ұۣӻ֡
ͻȻ
ҪѣҪ㣬иõķӡ
뵽ʲôıҵƣδһ˿˿һ𱸡
ֻ괩ԽôҪʱ̣ݺһɣ㣬ԣֻһпˡ
ٸһƬôתͷ¶һҰ׵Ц⡣ȻҲ򻨿ʱѷɫ
㶼룬һ˲䣬ɫǧá
ʷϣҺͲǱģȻŲԸѣֻǡֻǾãֻܽѡ
¶ô俴ҵע£ȥſ̱סңңȥ˫ƺ΢΢
Ƭ̣Ƶ绺۲ȹĽ̤ӭԼķȥ
ЯȥˣҲжηͬѰĹȥڣΪģ
ҾϣϣԼ·Ŭߣң̫أԷŲ£ճľ档

ȥתѾʮµˣϢԽٽԶڱ߽ңܸܵ
ҵʮģҲ˰ɣʱˡ
ôãôпһʱ̣һͷѳɶˡ
ǣطGǻȵһɡ
ϻʲôء
Ҵʵ֮䣬Ȼڴˡ
ҲȥˣⲼһƽ

ֵءʮıеĻҪ
һأ·̱Ҫ꣬ʱҪ˵׼ô
һ괺Ͳ糣衣
ҴʱѴĺתΪԼҪʮļ˰ɣһìʷһĻİûҲǰĳأֻţʮһ𣬶ȹⳡȷѪ꣬Ҫңֻ֪һ㡣
ⳡҪˡһ˿δ䣬ɫҲȥǰ㡣
ҪߡҡϣſɨҶĺҲɳΪˣԾɨһۡ
β´סҵ֡
ҡҡͷôұߣΪ֪Լô
ҿ㣬ֱ㡣Цûһ˿˿Ϊѡ
Цա㵱ȻҲԸ
ĽѾ뿪ǣһ·ź
ҲˣҪͼıʷ¡ؽһȥ֪ǾԲԷġ
ЦЦûظ
ðɣһһ顣

ҹ̯ϵֽͷ
һµʲôǱġ
һԶˣ㲻ǰĽ䱸γӣϵ˳ҵ˽ͳ׼󣬱ҶǰУҽӹˮ·
ҿߵĴ·ʵҲûʲôѡֻʶص·Ҫǣһ·ߣط
ֻ˰ͻұطGһһεƣ֣ʹԼ񻼵ûʧΨֻҪһ˿ٲľأҵһؼңϵĻһͨƾɵɳ󣬲ٸ˳ŶͷҰţҲͻأ
ֻһˣǣڹٵϣԵʮֹ죬ҵӻδȫãֻһ·ǣУи죬Ϣ죬Ѿ꣬ϵӦû⡣
Ӳһ·ͣͣʱҪҹƫƧķУʮֵĻǿտյĹٵΨоĴӡ˲L˼
յգż̵񾭹㽦Ļҿ಻ԡ
ããĲԭ羰䣬ʱݷˮ壬ʱɳɼͬɳĮˮԾİɫʱһӴӹǰǵˣʹҾǰеģΪ̶Ӳͬһ·һʮˣŮͺͯռһ룬ǵӦټҰǨһ
⼸ŮΪﲻͨȻǵһγԶţûйĹͨ·Ůˣǳơ
ӵľ˹ȻҲʮֵ£г̱Ҳ࣬Ϊٻξǣֻǽйͨ
ľǵ׼ʹ˰𣿡ͷĨĨСܵǰ档
ǰˣܵĶ׼Ѿ׼սʱǶ⡣ľǳͷ˿ӤŪ¶Ц⡣
ҵͷЩ꣬׼ԲԭһոԭǣѾˡ
Ȼǲ뿪磬ǶҲƣǱѡ顣
ѹǲżҿͷ·૵Ͻ֮ˡ
ľֲϾɵĵͼһ߿һĴ˹ͻȻľǿҪӿг̣ȶ
ҡҡͻȻֵİ׸룬üͷ棬Ϊǡ
Ϊʲôľͣ֡
˵峯Ĵǰʱ䣬ӦúܿҪˣǴ񱴶ǣֲСϾӵĻ鷳ˡ
ģ˺ǡҾϲĳڶؿڲҪ
˾ҡ
ұ֤ƵĳǵͷңǴ峯ʮĻӣӣ˺κһˣ⣬κһ˶֪
˹źüɰǣǲʱҪĴˣһ·ӣ֪᲻˵Ǹһ
һܼһľɫǲǴؾôĴ!!!
ɰԴӿս󣬺˴ˡľ˹˫˫һֱΪҪֲѡ
ֻһʱ䣬ɹ˶ҪͬããɳĮеСϣȫľ
Ƕ˲ϵĺңһоͺ˿ҪʱܵһУֻǲϿϵ촽ֻп־Ρ
ǻм쵽ĴҲһԼ
ʮ졣
췦ĴҢ£̫ΣˣطҪѰҵĻضû˭ֵΣϤһС
׸ĹᴥҴңֶŪ˹ЦЦɴݸҡ
ɵúܿ죬ǵĶԺ
Ҫɶ죿ҵͷУĴⲽ˹ڣͲķɵˡ
ֻҪ£
̧ͷЦЦûмҪæĻɲҼ졣
ȻӦ
ҳǸмһЦأ񱴶ĺΪ飬ĺӷǳƯǵԲԲĴ۾Ŀңһ·Ҳټ֣ͬһأL˼ӵ񱴶ֱ
ұȻ񱴶˵Ҳжӣȵüҡֱʾš
ӪʱΧһ𿾻𣬲ʱƮ񱴶ĵ˹죬תͷָָңЦǰ󷭣ұС߹ȥ
˹Ƿ˵йҵЦ𣿡
񱴶ӹСȣ˹ͷݸһ⡰ǵģɰ񱴶˵ӵҲš
ġҵĴҪ׵ء
ǾԲšָңҡͷ֡
񱴶תӲһԲգգۿҡ
գЩ°ģҿ񱴶Ű棬еˣϤغ󣬱ûչʱٿȴ޶ʱţƺûдһδ
̧ͷҹգʮ꣬СǿʮģڣӦ30꣬ɾеˣ಻25ģִʱһ͡
Ȼ뵽μ죬üۼ䣬еʱµټ
ҪѣҪ㣬иõķӡ
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ķͻȻƽȥ˵Ļ
죬ѵ̶ֻ25ʱô꣬һоͻ᳾䶨ǷҵĴڣҲý
ʳָĽָͻȻ˵ȶȣ̧ĴΪֻ̫̫ҵԭ򣬶Ȳδע⡣
ǲҲʾŽвͬı仯
ôԡ˫ȭգ޴Ŀ־ҡ

131

Խ봨ҵԽǲҹ޼䣬˯Ѽ䣬һ·żмΣ·ɢľʿд棬ɨǵ۹⣬̽
ҽСȵͷᷢ
СһҲЦˣֻŴ۾ȦסҵĲӡ
ʮ׸磬ŶҸС׸ȡ֣Ѿǳˣҵָ£СЦΪûҪҪͨţ񱴶ð׸ҡ
ǰҹѾĴ羰ãʪģ𾩳Ǻѷɫ
ҲǰսµӰ죬رؾ֮·ԣϣвʿѲߣƽԴҲֲ֡
ǣҲƾǰ㣬Էų⣬񱴶һ·౼㽨飬ĴϢɴðЩ·
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ñĻţȻѾһ£òҵҵЦҡҡЦΪҾʮĲеźָһͷһСҵָưŷ̵Ľָ
ջü۶ʱŷ۵ĺ촽ſˮģɵóһЦһ·СһҶϲͰ
׸Ҽ򲻰ȥʱԺŴܹһСʿҲɵþ
ľ˹ϽûҺ񱴶ĵϱһûһĶСĥʱ⡣
һ·ĵǰѵһ㣬ҸжûǣҲ߲ããԭ
ҴŽɫһСȵݸ񱴶
һȻͷӦʣתӰóֽʸҡ
ҸмһЦתͷĵİ׸硣
С׸磬ڣõʱˣܴһ𣿡
ƶǶ
ҵͷֽд¼֣ľ˹ˣһ߸̸ҳ֣Ǿˬܹ
ѣŵҼңд𣿡ҽֽݸ
ңӣľʹһᣬɬ
ҵͷҼҵĹŶ꣬ϰҵĺѣ֪һˣҰңһȥôʱ䡣
ӦʡԭŮӣر㰢һʱѰ
ǫһЦЩգһ·ұ̫Ĺ£̫Ҫ
ȲѲѡ룬þŰǣһģ뾩ʱϵˣһӿͷҹԼǰȻѪڵĵңһ뾡취ĥҲҪȥ
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ôıʺʹۣﶬϮȻѾˣһУǺ¡
׸粻Ժӷ˼ȦҼһ£Ųķߡ
һ·ƽĬ뵽ŰӵһСֽʲôӦ¶ɬһЦ
һգգۣ񱴶СվԱߣСֱ׾ùϵۡ
˹תͷʲôҶԱСȵһԶһᣬľ˹ҵļ
ɰˣǾ̣Ͻ֣Ҳ̫ƽʿο̫ˣҪĵġ
һ㶣漴ͷοһЦ
԰һȺŮˣ㿪ʼʰױҴźԺϷߣǼԷ޻ͬЭʵҴ·ܰ
ҹ룬ϸƮƮֽڼ䣬΢΢Щ磬ϸϸ˿ûۣʵۼӸող˯š
ԺУ񱴶ջҲȻԵʣڱϨһֱװҹϰ˯ɴ࿾𣬳ҹ
СȲڻŤһЦ߼СǺñӣԺ·ǰԺʱľǴкʾС򼱣ǺȻһЦȥ漴ʰ
ϸϣСĵĻСȣýҹɫ˵ļž
ҹ·ڣСĵıСȻͻȻ֮䣬һ߻⣬̧ͷһȻϸ·£ֻһ˲ƺµôЩ
ȻһܻȥģȴǼҽУ˵ĸɴ䣬͵ض˲˫ȲȵĹʪء
ĨĨһͣҵͷСȣһһŲǰԺֻľ룬ңÿһ̤ͬڵ⡣
ľȻɨľ˹棬񱴶ˣ˵ڵأ˫۵ɵúܴǰһ̣û뵽ڻس̵ǰһȻ¡
ȻҪط䣬ӣ
ݳסҡ
أҵѾΧһ޶á
ͬһ飬һƬȻˣˣˣҡμ£תôĶǶûжӶŹ
Ժ⣬ĻȻƾС㣬ԺΧסССԺ䣬ҽСȣԺš
һƬţСһڲС޳ҪһбҲͷϵӣסӣΨһʣµĺˣǷ̫֪࣬һ·ΣգȴΪ
һȺѵصıʿңڵȴǸԷʩˡ
ҵȻ֪˭˭
¡
ڳ֣һ֣һ£ǽߡ
ΪʲôҪɱǣ
߽еӣȴͷһЦһСȡ
˿ûνĵֿ
½ڹ-ڴһ˿ͼϤׯƷ
򴽽ӹŲӵѪͷѬȾİ׽
ôң̧ͷɫ԰ףֻΧһУԴ
㣬ڱصá
Ҿĺ
룬̧Ҫҵ
รô꣬һ㶼ûб䣬Уһģһ
˲⡣
Цջָ֣
Ȼȥɡ
ͷգһᣬãʺСȸȥ
СȣԺҵŮҵͷߵ
ƶǶҡ
жС֡
û⺢ӣѾˣȴܿڽˡ
ĴȴǶ֡

132

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ˮĺɽ޳¡
Ң·ͬطGһ㣬ֻÿʱƬ̣Ҳʱ䡣
￴ҵˣҲţҴѣμ򵥱
ˮҰܺãҳСȵͥԺյˣһ̧ͷϺõܿԶɽϵѩһҫ£⣬Ҳǽ˱ġ
ˮĩȴһƬ٣ɽ̡
ڵȣѾ°ˣ׸Ѿ˾ˣ飬ٹ࣬ԾŰЧʣѰҡ
°׸磬˴ɵհߣڿ˵ǡ
īʥ屦֪ǰʲô˵ڳԷʱ䣬ҵɻ
ǰⶫÿʱÿ̱ӵڣֱģӦãҵڡ
ôͻȻüʾ鿴
ҵͷ֪֡ҵòƺͣĳһʱ̣ʱ˵κιá
ϸ鿴ͻȻüףôϸϸѷ죿
𣿡ҾĳףսۣȻˣīڵĽָȻҫ£һߣ֡
פյĹЧܣ˾ʹͣĳһʱ̣˵ҾͲ֪ˡ
Ҳ㲻𣿡ԳһЦ
үҲ֪𡣡Цûֱӻظ
Ҳ𰸣ҪԼ°ͣϸ۴ƣұۡ
รүһǣΪִҪӻأԲ˵·ͬòһ㡣
򴽵ͷһУʱɽӰģ϶һԤס˵ĿЦ
Ҳġ
ҵְ𡣡
ҢҪʲôȻµˣĽעˣкһµĿԡͬͦգԸӴľһ㡣
վһ𣬼֮䣬޿϶üû˿
Ұѽָ𣬾˵һС
Ҫʲôִҵʻ
תҷ档
֪
ҵмڵ̫졣
ͦһЦҡҡͷร˵Цˡ
ˡת߻زԷ
ڶ죬Ҳˡҳ극ûߣֻ뿪һᣬ˺ɽõɮ̸
סֺüĿ̸۷ʱ¶֮⣬˼Σҵʦ˭
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ָһָ̣һջ֣ĽѾ֪ˡ
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𣿡ͬ˵ĻطGҢҡ
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޲รҪݼűүͨ
һңһ˿첽ع
ЩȫװĹ͢һԵϤӿͷҺۿ

ҷСұ󲻰һ
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Сʱ࿴һСȡ
ҵͷաԺҵŮ
ţ
Ϊңļˡ뵽񱴶ǵҲЩʡ
ĵͷ
ڶ죬һ·뿪˵ǸӰġ
һ·ߣŰУ;ķ⣬ҵͷӦʣһ·÷羰Уϸ߼еֻ֣̾껪ţʱúͳ嶯Ѳڣǰ·ΣֻǱңȴ
ҲУֻӣһ·£ֻδҵò統꣬Ǵƻؾһ㣬һȺ緢Ļǣһ·٩٩̸ģȻ¶ǰԶַѹ֡
ʱͬ·۽ǵķ羰һ㣬··ûе˵Ŀܡ
΢΢УżһĿɼԼ˿У˵űĹ
ڰ׸緵תʱһСǶ꣬صɫŰæӭȥ
үϲΣٷ
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133

ʮһľѮڷһ·ۣһظͬŰһͬټʱΣа£ȻڣڣȻѾסˡ
Ļһ㱣·ӸʱһۣĺɫǱӸĲ̵ּһֻȴϹܼҵټˡ
ٿڲľŰ磬ȻãҵĴڣǶôĸ͹죬УУš
ָоͬڿһڰ׵Ӱԭǲɫģģֻǰ;֪ιʣ㣬ĩһУɫʧԭʵһڵĶȻԶˣģȻĳ˿һԶĵӰŶΪʲôֶԱĴͬ㱾ҲǵӰеһĻģȻ˳˹ϯϣлű׻ľȻģһһȴֽͷһȻǷ̫ãѾˣͽ״ˡ
ΰߴصĹţ֨ѽһ򿪣ֹգİһͨףƽ̹ƽԭıֱ·ԶԶɿضȺȺ档
Ŷҵ˼룬ҵͷôʶʲôҺָȻסҵĻǣ˼룬ȴǲɱʷĳš
һ·޴ѹŨŨң

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Ÿ磿
ƽ̤ϾŰ̽۹⡣
ЩԾڱСȺ;Űĵ´ʱĳȻԼϸϸ׷죬֮֮ǰִһЩҲٿס
볶һЦοһֱԽҾٶľŰ磬ȴԵпЩģӰӣ΢΢ζ࣬Щ־壬˲ߵ̫࣬æ§סҵļ
ȴʲôҲ˵Ȼĳͷ
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ϸͬƿռĴĵĴųزϢĵл죬Ҹо˵ңԶտ
ȫ̬ΡΡ࣬ǵ쳤˲ӣһɨңȻֱֱ˹ȥȲѡ
⡭⡭㡭
ҳǷǷߵ棬˴
ϾţȵƫŰɡ
Ű絣ǵĿ˿ңԥһ¼ȫһ£ŵĿռ䣬ֻʣ˿ĺ
ʸϱĺ
뿵̬ȣȻʻϢȴһޣԽϽǣЩƺԶûĴĺÿơ
ϻͺá΢΢ۣ³һ䣬պȣֻ
ʸطɡſ
΢΢̧֣ҡҡ
ʸɲֻоľ
㲻ûظˣ̺Űɡսһ䣬̫ҡ壬˵Ҫʱҩ
ĨĨࡣ
һ̫ಽһ½طGͷңΡ
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ʸҩɣιɺãһТӵģ
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ֳնʱһƬţһضõ
ȴ΢΢һЦȻ˵ͷæϸĵιҩ
תͻʱطGԼЦ۹УҲԾǵҩ֭
Դˣڿԣ̶̵һڣҶ粽̺ڲ࣬Ҳԭȸ빬ʱʶƮѴкתΪİ
˶ҵʳҩΪѾߣҲˣ˸磬Ÿ磬ʮŴμ棬˵ݵģֻԿЦ
ʸӲջԣżʱ̣Ҳǽӽس
˵Ҳȷʵˣ뿵֮Ľ֮٣Ҳ֮ˣЩϧ
ȴǼնʮ㣬ɵģܵÿϲѵʱûй񣬱Ҫͺ߶谮֮鲻ڱ
ʮүү˯ˣ۵Ļɷ񵽻԰
ʱ12꣬С̫죬ӣȻ߹Ҽ粿ͦССͣһγɣ䲻ڸѹȸУҲ׽ҲǲգٿԶ뾩ǰôĸиš
ҵͷ˳ȥ
Ĵڸ֣粽룬ͣΪáѵ˺ʮЩĻȴͻȻͣ˿ֵֻ⸽ߣǾŰɣ
ûϵɡҿǼԥѰɫǰοһЦ
Ϊţ⼸˶֪ѾһڣķϢ
ʮʹЩ𣿡ֻǶˣһɨǰɣĵǡ
Ѿˣлİġ
̧ۿҼ룬ԳһʧʮȻû䣬ǰ˺öࡣ
ҽִļϣգЦ㿴Ƕôߣôˣʮôܲء
ҧҡҡͷۿı䣬УʱˣڣУ˴ˣ㶼⣬ƺԼҡҲǡ
ס조İ磬ô˵
ް꣬Ҳҡ
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Ķͷȴǳ硰ôˣͬСһ򿪰ɡ
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ʮ˵ЦݺѵãͬЩĵһãκεıֻǼ򵥵Ŀģ򵥵Ŀ֡
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134

ٽʮһ£밲Ƶ
ʱ˵˼ƮҡҪʱ̣ҵĹעǰϡڲ࣬ſսή
ЩѾٴˣȴô꣬٣Ȼ˵ƽһɻǵĽȣҵԶֻǷƽ˾ʮĵĹֵܼڵĶδ¸£꣬иҪȥŬ飬ҵľ浽Ƕ
ǻȻǺ۵ģطGÿҩТʱļ⣬һжƽ˾Ҳڵȡ
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ҴСȰ̸סΪźĵʱ⣬İӣܰҹ룬ǰְ֣̺д֣Ҳѧ棬ϼãּ䣬ȻЩķ緶
ǸӣǶ˻ĵˣĳȹɣÿʮֵϲе㾫񣬱ġ
˿漱תһس
һг½԰׵ģ˽ڲ֪ԼǷվ˶顣
ңҲʱңңʮֵ裬ЩŤҵģɬ
ŶĺӣҸиŵĿڴߵЦЦСȻǲ˵ѾʵСС쳣ãʱһŴ۾ҵľչңǸҵŮ
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ֻҪһһұ㲻¡֣ο§§ҡ
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ԶĴĵĴ
ս֡Ҳ⼸ˣӦҪвƽҪģŶ
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ҴӦ㣬һֱŶǰꡭͷһ㣬ʮģΪ˻λһеʮģ˵Ĳա
Ҫȵô֪࣬㰢꣬Ҷþõģȥһ죬뿪ǣһҪú㰢꣬ʱվ㰢ߣݵĶ󣬵ҲôĴ
ӦңҪǣʵĵͺ𣬶ŴεĲãŭ
§ڱУٶԶҲܰպȷĳŵ

ҾЩڲ࣬ˮģȷʵطG¡ƶˣҽӹһʲô˲ƫȣȻ˲ֻ࣬ƽҩųųˣʱĿƺѽ״̬Ȳʲôҩ
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طGֻĶǼҲϵĵδ룬Σ֪Ǹ𰸵ġϣǱͬģǱġ
Ϲŵֻ̫һʱ㱻͵͵˳ȥݺᣬķصĿͷ޵ϣϳûãȥˣ˵ϣֱֱײѪɣһ̽̽ľ¡ƶͷ
ѪֱҽűߣͬѪ˿ںϡ
ͷѾԼгطG鷿һʹɫһ˷Ծ𣬴ӺͳλƵһĵݸ
ңҳȻı˵ϢУһЦʥԣһİȻǣϱ㿴ѪȣǶڱصõռУڵȵһ졣
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ʸТȻûܼһ档
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ʱȴûɵļͬСǿһ㣬΢ʱԹţֻӣԽҵһ
Ҳ˵ΪδʽǻȻѾӺݻ˲٣һ̫Сĵĳɡڲ࣬ģŸ¶ֻ̫ɢżȻ·
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ŻӲıĸ̧̫Υ͹ȥǸһʱٹҫϸˣҵţܱҺõõȥ

135

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㶼ˣʮҲû˰ɡǿҵģûнۡ
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⻰һһſϣֵĴȻģô߰ǹ¶ĸôģ
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รȻʲغ󣬸Ȼʣ˻̫һʱգҲûа취顣巼ҵһ͡
ҵͷ֪ģڣһ£ǵһμΪ˻λǵˮ¶ʥּʲôƱؽ˶ȫһ˿©
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벻ȻôᡭЩȻʶʮĵίκ۰ͷĸģȥȻӲã·;ңԶ½ԲðգȻС²̨ϣȻʲ࣬ӲǣҲü浹Ҫ׿ȻʣʵΣ
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138

һȵĿռ䣬涼⾵ѩѩףͬһ޵Ŀռ䣬ǽţȫȴҲ֧ҵأܿԲģǣұֱһߣȻǺ޾ͷĸо
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Ӵ˵󽫾ɱС޸ˣɺòײżءһ䲻ȵĵЦıۡ
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ӱȥ˵ȥΪζʱȥɡ
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139

Щ˸Ҽ꣬ƽѣȻʶ裬հ˵˲ٿ࣬㿴ϵ飬ǾӸеӣ
Ƕܾ塣Ե
ʮЦ§ңһ̧ĺһ߹һ󣬶ųͬ״վıֻ̨õµľ嶼𶯡
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ʹҲһǰҵһУҿ½⣬йͷĺޣҷ벻Т壬ҶãҧȻ򲻹Ҳϣ
ƣҲˣʮĳڱصã
мüαıβɨȻ·񣬵ۣȻãĽһ顣
ߣмӣǿɱҲûϹսû֪Ŀദ!ͻһЦЩЩΣЩ޴ɷ֮ͬұĳҡ
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ҡҡͷЩʲôؼһ꣬ӺЩˣԽҲ֪ᷢʲô£ֻ룬ҶҪһȻֻһ죬ҲԸˡ

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۵ĸֻҡͷҲ֪Ҳ֪ǧ֮գǾҪƣΪ಻⣬һͷհɣطGҲüңǺν֣಻˵ʵģȥɡǻǣпܡ
Ҳñ㣬úϢһоҪæѻָɫСſ¡
ҵԣȥıӰĬĬɫն̴٣һᣬһƬڣҲƵƣſš
ϵĻ۵˯ţԺģҲ֪ʲôʱˣȻĵģʮĻδӰ
һв·ȥѰ
һ·ʿ񣬾˲Զ㵽ˣʵĽʿһɫأƺ죬̸Ŵ£Ҿڰ;ԥ֪ǲ
վһᣬڵԽԽ죬ƺ缤ҡ
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׼ľӣԲʦţ˿࣬ǴĻӣȻǰΣԷ߹زĴ󽫾ȻǰһֱǱ߽ȣΨָʱôʱĿŵϣ췴ʲô
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ʱһӵĽʿϥ¡뽫ᣡ
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͵ƿҵˣҵڵأһԵϣŰ׸߽ң˫Ѫ죬ŭںεأЩ죬շɸ봫ţ㵱һ֪ѾĴһ֮ң
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ҡһЦ˽Цɵ㣬λȻǷţҲôǰʲô
ȻڶģУɽҪҪ
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ĿǴžʧããԭииŶ
һֱʵִֵʧıӰУƺҲԽԽģˣҵģֻеһ˶ѡ

140

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ҹشǰᶼ޸ˣüͷʵɫͬʧ֧ţǾ׳־ͬһʱˣǰ֮
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Ҹоֱһ΢һͷȻ˫ȭսֽȴϢͬľƯֻȴ֪ǷԸΪ
գлͬǷɥǰӡ
ҽӺúףԸ׼Ҫһˡ
ӣһ·񣬰·̱㵽˴ǣſڣݼǰͷƮƮΪ𺳡
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ӳĴУһСӳ滻һʮĵĽʿֻζһһµӿͷθһڡ
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ӪҲδҵİţȥپһϽŲ죬ʮ˯üȡ
̫ҽ㰲ҩɣһҹʰãⲡҪˡҸʮĽü۵
รʮү󲡵ǰ˹ȥֻʵڲūŴҩʮޣȺЩЩǾ뿪ĺá̫ҽüѾд˷ӣС̫ҽȥҩ
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ڹ죬ʮ˳飬ͷ˯ȥ
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ĳƣµһɨգ˴߹⣬ȻӺչˣܳĶˣҲ鷳͵ȡģ١
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սҲ£ͷĴһ䣬ҲЩԺŲƵİŴ߱ſ
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峿Ϊ˷ͷǰӣִֵ黨裬Сʱʱ·ԾʮǷվģ¶ģԲ԰׵Цݣҳ֣Թ굽æЩڹ⣬ʳṹȫƻվⲻ룬ƽ׳ȴɳصĸɡ
ӺЩ󣬱Ҳش䣬մմȣһֻմƴӣȴһȥˡ
˯ǰڵڷиʱյĴҴңԼ޽ǵ˿̾ḧ㯵ݵطһңҵҵһ䡣ֹڣҲᣬҵԶҪǵ㡣
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ȥҲգȥˣҲᣬֻƾˣҵ±þ§Сɽ糿ʿչչֽŵɶˣȥҿɽ޵ˡ
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ĴһȦ󣬻Ӫ̫ҽһеӭʡ
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ҰΣʮ˸ǰ񣬴ʮıүรǰǻؾȻѾãٳٿ˵ȥˣһ̽
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ҰŰɵĽ˹Ĵӡȷʵ١
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īʥҲϱϺϺڵģ̵ͬѩ㣬һ䷢͵ĹâǺˡ
ʮڽУһ·ĬԣֻĿ񣬶Ҳڱ߹ذңҿ̵ֻӿϣһ·ֻס֣Ըɿ
·ҳƥߵԶǰȥԣһ·ңңǰ档
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ҵͷڵгȷʵֻˡ
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֪һȥעˣֻصȥӲԨЩڹӣѾһȥˣһУֻʮĵ
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ĵԸɴҲԸȥ
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תͷָ̧ȥҵᡰʲôʱ翴ˡ
ҶſʵطޣңҸôҶġ
ḧҵͷòŵֻΪʲôսһֻһбøӵΡ
ĺúݵġ
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طʲôˣҪһҲΨܵЩɴࡣ
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֪ʮװĶ֣࣬ȴռһ󲿷֣ң뵱꣬Ϊ˰˸磬Ÿ磬ôľĶǣȻ˸֮࣬Ǳ̫ծ
ı꣬ڶ˵ǰ;һ˲ȫ̽ˣ˸룬㲻֪ڷȥˡ
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һ߸ߵ̨ף㿴ڻӸС綼ȫˣǾõһ㣬ɲʱˢˢĿ⿴ǣڵУһȺŽǰƺƵӺ
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Ҳܲˣʮǰ棬޵ططĥԼˣĥˣ㻹öġѴ󣬲̼ˣٴ̼˰ɡ
˿̧ͷסҵļ˫ѾѪѪ죬ǿ쵽Ե
ôĳ棬ôǿƣӺⳡϷʵĴһһ䣬ˤ֧飬˫ԽңĶǼžĹľҪ䴩һһֶôģʣԹŭĻʰ꣬ȴʮǰѾԤϵһĻȻٰ²⣬ȴδץôƣɰɾ׵Ļʰ꣬һֱеŬиķܶͷˣԭֻǿЦѡ
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ּǰͬ˰ģؿͷ˫ȭʯשϣѪֻѣת
ɵϣɵϣΪͻˣῴˣײԼҲ޲
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˫ֵڵ棬ҧţҪˣҰɣңδػǽ棬Ѿң֪Լײֻһعһ£ֻĻۡ

һججקһԣȴĵײײƿңĳסʮģٿ
ҵĶöÿһ£Ǹ˶ͷⰡ
ʱ̫һЩңȳһҵ֣סʡ
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ԼģΨһĸоֻʹ
Ӻ̫ҽӻ֣æıŸҽҪҰնҲδ룬˫ֱҽԶһˤʱ˿ڴ󿪣һѪ˼С
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ϡطֻڵ˶֣㱻ǴÿҲõ˸ǲ顣
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һ·ȴӲûңһֻǽηĽų̸ӿˡ
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142

ʮΪǰӺֽΪɽӣʮƽҵĹҵдݱĵǸʮһʮֵͣ˵ԵȷʵʮʤӺһ롣
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ֻǵһҪҪŵġ
߶߶ģֱŪҹӵЩǻǵˣһ𣬲ٻɢЩҲȥ¯ð̣Щ΢΢ǵ㣬ʱӶð
һᣬӶһСһ棬ʲôҲûнִҴӵظϣһ·̫๬ŮŬĹŰ籣ɫأһ·ȴһֱ˷֣ľżһ̤ţűӣڴϣȻùͷ˶Ѫڣ뵽ݱײǰɵ§ԼֻһƬ
ӺһТڻʺӹ棬ľȻŴأ̤ϡ
ôˣطأ㲻һֱҪϱˡ
Ҫң͵ѣſȥƴҡôôԣϱ˵˶ٴΣԣһ˰ˣĶô죬㣬ҲĶô죬ҪôҪûһͷ𣿡
ҰٰĿ˻ȻʵѾĶˣһԹǿ̫̫ôôΣôԡ
ſӺǰ㿪ˣˣ̫󰡣Ķﰡһ棬ô㲻𣿣Լ֪ʼɣʼطö񰮡
žұһԣݺݵײʯ
ϣ飬ֻһʱ鼱ӺһŭҪٴҲطҴҴһͦǰ档
ط飬ÿҺˣҪطе˶Ͼɱ
!޾;͵ؽˣҲУ
˵䣡ʮͷֵɨһۡϣ̫ձһлȴ֮˵ɡ
¿ֱǺŻ˼ڣʮ˵öԣҪ֣ҪɱҪҲҪǰֻޣԾôȥʲôܣҸô졣
ΨһŮˣôݹȥһ˿˿Ļûҡ
ʰ꣬ˡʮɡſڵ£ŵ棬ɫ
Ӻʮ̫꣬Ĳ£ƣֹȥӻ֡
Ѫˡʮ̾˿ҷҽһ˫֣ѾѪ߰ߣҲòˡ
лӺʮͷӹҵ֡ʮȥɣֵ̫ҽġ
ɨһصˣңʮĽƣʾҲҪٷˡ
Ѿҵ踾һĿˡ
һس԰̫ҽϸְãּһЩע̫ҽ˳ȥ
ʮСˣҶ˵
Ѿڶ̼Ӧˣ㶵Ŀ
ͷһ£̫ҽ˵̥ȣļ⺢ӿɱסˡ
ҼеѾ֪ҵ⡰ĪҪˣѾš
лл˿̯ϡ
ʮ˵л֣ҵ𡣡
סҵ֣͵͵ְ꣬ҲǲѵģûոɱԼüǧˣ˭Ҳû뵽ĸôҡ
ҪΪҽڣˣĸΣΩһֵԼ
һݲԶ£¸ն궥ôĲɺƱػķʮԸ⿴Ľ𣿡
Ҳ֪£ҲҪɱ¾ҪҪıҪѪŬʮڱ߹ʱ㰢ңҲʹӦңӦҵģ󣬱ǣЩƽԶʹԶǣֹҪôڸҵͷⰡ
Ҷ֪ʮҪ֪һ㣬Ӧκ£Բ뿪ߵġٻʵٹ£ֻðꡭ
ô?ôҺ֪֣ҪٵһС
ţ˼òżѵʮһղЩķӣԶҲϣ֮ġ
˭˵ġұ⻰ϢҪС
ʮһɣⲻǰĴе˶࣬ͷѹϴϳʮѾ˰̨췴׼ᣬʮ壬ӦϣЩ״һһȷŰΪЩĽʿĸԸʹϢʮ岻Ҵ峯ȵһû֣
һ˺ܶܶʱ̶̼仰Ҳңֻߣסҵ󣬸
ǷҪԲԣ
òҡҡͷһôеֻ߽ܴһ
һϡ˵˸磬Ÿǣʮ˵öԣԤϵˣЩһమֵܣⳡսʧܺ󣬱Ѿעˣľ档͵ԺңھҪȥ£¡
侲סҡѰ·
һҵĵͷԣԲԣұߣȥҹҲˣҲˣֻҪҼ
ʮ侲һ㣡ڻڹŻȥף
ұͷڵ£˼·ȫҡ
úҵĻҪҡ֪ʱ˵ȥҿ϶οһȥ
ãҲ̧ͷһ΢ߣһƬף⳩ƸһƬľϢ
Сˣк˵Ҳȥμ̫ˣֻɡ
ľżһϴ̺ԷͻȻ̧ͷʵ˭ĲˣôΣ
һ֣ҵʾ£ǳһڡûаеպá
ּζŨĺ⣬ֻолûụ̂κһ˿ζûУֻҾһģæ˳
ģรٳСջóʳԼҪԵ̲ˣҲҵԸ⣬ŵҿС
㯵ҡҡͷˬڣûζٻ£ְһڷ
Թ˵ľ̲˳׷ȴѾ̫ܳҽȥˡ
ǿһҲʧζ׬ˡ

143

Ӻһ£룬Ȼʶ_ɥΪ֮ڣһʥּʶ_Ϊ֣ׯרΪ´סͼֽʮ»ùҿģƵĺܺãȻ󣬵ɽˮɽˮ㣬˵ܱ꣬û̶Ŵˡ
ط֣ȫֻӺһãﵹǿģططG˵ƣʶ_Ǻ¡
»ˣад֮ˣ»һ̫ҽ⣬̸ֹ䣬ͲǹȥСʮˣһʱٹ⣬ֻϲ󣬵Ϊ˵͵ֲϲǳϮׯλ󳼣ܹʳ˫ٺɫһֿǴǷݸɾ
ôЩͷһǶ̫ҽ
⡭⡭
ҵɢ˰ɣ˶µ͸
ôУ
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ֻ£ݣֻ̾Ϣ
ʧζֲʲô˵¡
»ƫСԺЩѾͷôôҪʹЩֶΣԻ˶ӣã
˭ʹֶΣӺˣӦһһӵôôֵĹﲻסţҲҡ
ֵ޾ӵõģѾϣϾͿס
Ҳȥͦõġ
һЦҪˣ̫δᣬʮĵĹŻ꣬ôܿ˵á
תֵʮܣսæúܡ
ʮҲסСݣ˴Ǳ¡
ʱ䣬ŮʳһһСԹζܲöԲȷʵź
ҽӣȻûθڣŶĺӣƴİ˼ڣ˵ĸ˺óԣұĸˣ˵ұȣ費Ҫһ룬ҡͷ
еĺŲ裬Ҳˬһ֣̫ӣ£ҳһᣬƤʼܣŮָ¿ʼʰ
Ҳûʲôװģ¾ʰɾˣݣҷЩ
ôһ˴ŵĵطǲˡ
ΪҴһԷˣӣԷӰӣ䲻ΰмɽ԰֣СأĻľʤ᷿˴䣬һţͬɽһ㣬ͬĹŮ۾ֱˣҲİʵ뵱͹һģһ԰ӿʮ꣬һֱӺһѮ
һСã깩㰸Ǹڹ㳡ĶҲᵽˣרһСͯţһ֪յͽܡ
һȣӣʱԺεʮֵܳ裬ûʲô˵ԽԽɣҿʱãиģҲⱲӣûа˭Ψһļбֻжӣ﹬⣬ڶŮУȥ⸣ݣûһܱȵ
ҲֻŮˣӺߣڣλòϲ£еʲôͷΣƻʺϰĲ͡
Ӻһ꣬ǸͷأȪ긣û¹ҰԺûжãҲزˣûȥӺҲû˵ȥ
հ³Ա߻һСͱϣȴûô⣬ԺʢЩ䣬ʱյţߵľˣһ˥ϻȥȴ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ҹҪ㣬ӣɾûǸ֣㿴Ǹݣöˮһӣüۣװ׾ģĸޣӣһС󲡣Ϊǲ˲ٵģģʲôأ⸻죬Ҳס
û˵ֵ֪Ǻͻ϶һȰţܺùãӣͷ˷ԷôϴԼΪõġ
Ǻ龫ֵãҲԼ
ϧңҡͷ̾ϢʱǴҴˣһԺĨ˰ѺҺ˰
æºˮֲֽͣĨ߶ôȵ죬ôū˿ôã
߶߶ãҼԲ԰ĽܣҲϰˡ
һ˵ţﵹңǷ񻹺á
ӡ
ŭʮֻǹʮ壬ҽһˣҲ仰˵䲻ģʣˡ
תͷʶоۻᣬ㲻ȥô
һԴæҴҳ˵ǡ
˹Ů˵ʮ˴Ϣ㸮Ĵ󸣽ˣϢϱ㴫ˣҿΣܻظһˡ
ǰûй̫ɡ
ǣҲ̫࣬ǲǿҲֻۣ̫ҽ˵ЦŹġ
ǰôܲЦأ˼ʮĸǸЦģЩŵˣҪϵʱŮˣһɷʮʵԼҲһɽˡ
ô
λǴǴߵߣӵڸҲʲô¶ҲãҲڴţ󰢸絹ǵææ£봺ǵûʰϲʮְָпΪ
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˿ڲ裬ͻȻǽյĻ˽ȥʰԺÿȥ˶飬ҿ⳯һҪЩ㻹Щ׼ĺá
˸磬Ÿ磬ʮ磬ʲô£һҲİֻͷΪ嶼ȫʵڵڵ
ЩҲ赣ˣһ÷򷣣ͣĳĴˣܵ٣
ͻȻǰĺССĺӵİȻ˵ģȻҲǧĺӣ˸ط˭ô
ʱζù
˵Ķԣʱڣܹ˵˼ˡ
ԶٸЩҳҲֻ£ҲںңȻ밲ṩϢͰԵòӦеĻرҸϢ˻ȭͻȻҲ֪ʰԹ޺Ͳʡ
ֺһǿ󡣡
վ˺һ󣬲ŷȥʱʱ壬ĸ˸ϻۣŴ󷽣Ǵ󰢸磬ڳһͬδ̳д̫ӣҲһ費ҵʱȢźϱ
Ƕķ޳棬ҲˣĽź
ʮٺããֺãø塣
Ҽϵᴷ΢΢Ц;ѹˣ˵ĺ֡
ʱһӣЦɱˣոۻô
ɬһЦ㲻ٿˡ
ǾŨ񣬲֪˼̣ӣ᷿Ϣ뻹ǵ֪ߵýԭûʲôֱ棬ݲһɳӣɻǸĸĵĺã֪ʰﶨǲġ
Ĳɣ곤ˣҲȢӣҲ˰߹ЩĴųģЩֵֶͷĶӶա
ͬΪıʼţλɰӺá
ü̧ͷ˿ܲŵ㲻ԼҪС͸أС㰢겻ʹ죬˻£ȻΡ
ͻ̧ͷ˿ͶˣⱲںģõģģֻͺˡ
˵ʲôʰ̡
첽סҡʮ⻰û˵ʵ﹬⣬˭ãԲ԰ģɶϲĸ֣⹤̺ƴǺƴ󣬿ɲӣ˵̫̫ģɾûһ˿ĳĴģһԺ֪˭ۡ
תȫģһֻԼ֪ҵϲã㲻Ľڴˡ
ԶԣͻȻסңûжȴЩж᲻ᵯС׽ֵ±ͬСһ㣬йĲʹ졣
Ӻж׵ܣжӣԲģнԶñĸ֣ܣִԼӵôȻǵģôЩʳζƱؾǻʵ۵ʵ۵ģǵòѰļͥů
ʰжˣǰЩӣʮӻ𵤰ͺͼؿɹţֵ֪Ҫǰִһ٣֪ȥ帮⸮ģɾҡ
Ҳץʱ
ʮĺйȺС
ɩңȻʸҲӶˡ
ұæȥŸ磬뵽ǸѾͬˮ𣬱ա
Ұοһͥȿĺɫ뻹ȥ
漴㽫ͷϵŸһٻӣǷһ飬٣ҲЩԸңǸ߸ϣ׷ִ̳ľŻӣǣҿ
һ·䲻죬ܻǰҵġʱҵͷѾȥˮ꣬ҲǱĿˡ
ŮٳδͲ͵ιֻʸ룬Ҳʱա
Ѿɲֻ˽İˣ׸ĴڣҲǴ˼ŵļֵѡ
ҵѾͷรĴŮ˵нͷūô˵Ҳûá
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ʸҲ˯ȥ㲻ӹߣʱߣӣƺܣŹԲĶӣֻ׵Ĺ
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ô˽ˡ
ӺһЦ̧ſţζڣŵ˷㡣
̫æװ˽ȥǹģƺТĵ
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̫ˡ
㻹ȥ˵￴ô
ҽ鲻á
ȴܺã߰ɡ
ϱǻϣžŸĳУõϢûֹ͵ܣЩ
Խ߱Խ̹ܵ仨ҲûȤӲ̨߱ͤ¥ҿŵԣһһʵ֣Ҫǿߣ֤һУûдĴۣҲֵá
ȫԼ⣬ͷֻ֣ԼʧȥһС
Ϊ⣬Եǻ˵ĻȨ㣬ЩȥѾԽԽԶˡ
ҹ̫࣬໽˼ʾޣҲδߣ˼¹Ƿּʱͷüʱİ𣬴кãҴ˯ʱͻȻŴ˵Ҫͷ֮Ļ
´£Դһֻ֪ҹȥĥīѾ˴̫ڹƷԴʱ˴ԺҡͷͣǶѰ̽ˡ
ЩЩߣӰ첻õĻպͿˣʱգҪҽԲһԣǺҲãҲգҲһ˵¡
רĻյɫ׼ͨ
ͻȻҲˡ
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Ц
վˡ
ȴ½䶨ҲѰʮȥˡv

144

գ˲ţʱ˵ϢȪؾҴʱѵȵʮֲͷӺ뽫ӵģʬ岻ôõĻ
Ѿһ棬Ӻÿ밲οҵ˼
ʱ֣ÿչһͬԷݲ٣ûθڣǽ԰ܲʳĻԼ˼СʳɫƯȴ֪ζΡ
Ҹն˺ðڷͥУҴҽˣһĨһ߻ŶοһЦæӹëú
ӲãšӹִĨ˼£ǼСʳȤʮӱ˼ڡ
ֵôȳ·̻Ƿŵˡ
һ˿ˣ漴ֵֻҪǶŪģϲԡ
Ե㣬һŵҲ¡ʮкóԵô
æȥ׼꣬˰Ŵ
Щ벻۵С̫ȣҪǲųԼڰɡҲûҵݹһˮֽ¡ʮԻʳ
ûţŻ⡰봺ʮæ˰֮£
׻ǻʰ磬䲻ȵǣǰ֮ףԹʮο
ʮΣҴǵĻ΢
ʮʮӻӲʡ
ҿź̾˿ǹ²иʲô׵Ҳˡ
Ӻܿϵˣ޷ôܸʵµģŵùģ飬Ҳڶˣ»ʵǻһжδɶӺ̫ɳһ֤Ǵǻ飬ͲˣԵֺãֵ樼иʲôͣҲ⿿⻺ͣ챼ҰԺźȿڲʱҲûУӺֶ˵˵ûлᣬǣӺҲᡣ
ŻᣬһὫⷬʮ
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ϰæۣ߶һǣº˷á
㵽աСгȥ
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ҿЦҪˣжپж١βһ
ҿʰ굹ԽԽһˣҸջ˵Ӳˣרһá
̾˿Ҫòźá
ȵǺԼТӰ̺һʱܶҲֻ
ʵļŸںйûκϢһʮǱΣҲö֪ܷδ֪ôܲ
ʮҿλʰԼͷӣʰÿְͷĴţͬһ㡣
֪ҶҪȥһ˵ģһŮˣҪи٣󸣽ⶨߣҸûĹǣֵңȡҺγ֪ӣĿҪˡ
΢һ˼ŵҿҰﲻʲô֣ʰͬ
ҵͷţǱΣ
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ҺЩơţǳ꣬޷ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ʰǽȥɡ
ʱ֣Ӻǲˣ꿪Ÿһţеรǲǻôð͹ˣ
ͷһɲôĴݺϳӺ˭ϵҿˣԶԶһۡ
ร⡭ΪѿһۣתݵͰɡȥ
Լ߿ʼţɡⱼȥ
ȻͷŻŤëϵˮһ̫ͬȴѾˡ
а룬֪ǳ꣬㲻ɹˡ
ϣ˿ɲãū澸·
ҿţҷëص涺ʸ룬ӺĽС
룬ͬ˭ĵǲᣬץ˰ףһһιŷʸ롣
ľ·˷ˣĿһۣʾұͻ󣬱һɹŮš
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ɽӹһڲŵ㵹ס
ҳһЦȴҲҹݡסҪؼǻһ仰
ȤһۣûҵĻǵҡԳԿ˻ؾģˬڡ
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˵˶ٺõģ޲֪ûڸ¿꣬ķûж
̾ϢһʰСԣ绽˷ԸһɣԵóʸϡ
޷һȥ
¹·棬رĸɾϸϸ˿Ҷĵ䣬ԲʻԽۣǻʱҲժʱЩʻ
ִҪָŷҪһ仨ɣָͷ˺ụ̈ĵۡ
ˣ㱿ֱŵģҪȵʲôʱȥ
ջȥʳ裬ҵǰóϸϸϸΪ̡
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ҽӹԼ̣һͷñһᣬҪ㣬һʣһͬ⡣
ĳ̾Ϣһź룬Ҵ˿ڣһһͷϵο֮顣
ʱ⣬ңѵãͬ;Уżһƫͷ·߲ݴһ㣬δüŪʲôǵĽŲѾ˼һ˿ͣٵյȥ
һģȥٺüˡ
ǣлϡ
Ҳ֪еĴҲһˣʵһҲνֻ
ΪΪҸıʲôʵô꿴޶仯Ƕ˵źΰˡ

145

峯ҶѾİĹӺ˱֮š
ʱѽ£磬ܿĵҾʱ糿һԲ԰޵ĻʳǣѾŨŨȨζһţҳ˿ߵĹŮ̫ӵأֻǽ硣
ѾҺ֪㡣
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ңſӭңСͳ֣ҡҡλγǣţңԴߣϾϢ
زڴ⼸Ҫ㣬ʺҲ˿ţɹٳûϢ
ʱͬգȸǼ档
Ĵ̺ѵ޵ͣݵ΢ʮһߣ⸮Ů˾ûͷһµҲѾ統ܣѾָʲôˣͬǣһŮˣΪӺǱ˵ʲôġ
ǰλãҶᣬٴΣΪŮ˼仰ط壬ָɣʱգѱӭλãĵһรͷ˵Ľ
ҿһʣŮˣֻԼӱЩǰſˮߵĺͯѾͤͤվ̣ò˵ҵĻ¡ʢĻǸһϣ
ģһңѾ棬˫ϥȥҪҰݵ
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԰ƺкתһأү֪
ָ֪ҵУҿЦҡҡͷ⺢δرס֪Ҳáʡ
϶⸮ʹһѹ¶ĸú봺Ͱ˰ʱţ治֪ôүĺߣŶҳҪŶǧɫ֪˸ǱҲùǱķ⣬Ҳ鷳ɩʱ˵ϰ˸ʱϳǵûʲôϢү֪ﲻùĨĨ߶ֻ֪˼ů
ԼﶼŹγ̸ŮˣǼĿݡ
Բ𡣡ҽӷ֣ʹ絶ʡ
ǴϷڵأҵȹǵ֪ʱҪΪ㣬ĳŲȥˣҲΪԼ⸮ĸ񣬶Ҫ޵ͣҪ˸飬Ƕ޹İǹЩƴҲүȥˡ
֪֡Ҷ֪ˡ
Ҳ֪һжûμ㣬֪´ûᣬԽЩ֮һһ
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146

ӺһİµףһҾĶǵӣһҸ̾ʱյĴҴң²ˡ
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ʱſҵϥϣʢҪѰοʱ򻹺֮ܶ࣬£ǿʼ
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ӺΪ⣬˿㣬ϸƷţԭǲ´ˣΪлͬ˻ʵ˵ء
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˸ǷԴƣȥȥ㣬޻Ҫӣȥɡ
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147

ӺһβرķæҲһ
Բ԰Ҫʼţ֮Ͻǵĸά޹Ѿȫ׵ֿʼ˻ȥססˣҪᣬʮַ
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ʮŮʰӳֱ߶߶ʮģӦúɣȥ࣬ڹµӺҴ󷽵塰Ȼޱ㰲Ǽȥذա
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148

ҳȥգգ붬ůһ졣
忴Σ˴Ҫߣ껹δ
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˸磬ĺãԻرҪͷվĶ棬Һⶼһ⡣Ǹ͹µĻᶼûСʮһ˼ҹ룬۰İ˸罻ǰ֪Ѿ޲ȴ˵ˣˣˣɽð˰İԼİ
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ҵͷ޵ǵɺĿɣںΪҪҵӺһ̵ʱҲҪˣԸгرģϲܷȻȹδ֪ȫ飬лɴྡ˵ٻعˡ
ܳһȥϾţľ֮ǰϵĹᣬ»ϲô׷Ź˰
ɲǣ˼ĳ𣬴ͷβɶǰ̨ϵģ˰ҲףǼ棬Ӻɻĳ⣬ǾŰˡ
Ƴ԰ѾϲѿҲҪȥкˣǲٵ飬ͣ²ŵ˸磬ʱ⺢ӣҲʮģһ⺢ΪϧͽҪֱЩ˼˸ӰģлᶨҪȰο䣬ʰȥԴΪ䣬ֳһͿߡ
˰˼Ƭ̣òŵ󰢸Իϵһͬ׻ϵģһУһĵΪֲһЩʲôЩδػͬΪ⺢̫ΪԲһ֮ǿԼ
ұþߣҲ֪˼ģǣôΪԼǴģǴҲԸһףʱֺãҪǣ˺棬⸸Ӷˣղ֪Ҫֵʲô档
ţҵȰ׻Ǹһֲ˵أһ룬ҵͨ͸ˣһȺˣ˭˭ַ¹ԼִҲǵʱղһ㣬Ҳˡ
ҴʱЦģҲƫıһЩ˵ˣȴɣһȺˣԭҲֿԣô죿ԭעûа취ġ
ں԰ſתƣʱЩǰ밲һĲɵģҳһӭ
塣Ͻ֡ͷɶڵϯˡ
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΢΢һϣЦ⺢ӽǴпΪʰ굽ûۡ
Цˣֻܻʰּ⣬ȫʮ˵Լ͸ͺá
˰ǻһЦļﾡ͡
һв֪ѿ쵽ſڣַǳͥпʼˣϷ룬󳼺͸ǶӿǲɱıڵУ˲á
Ѿסҵ֣˰ͷ߰ɡ
ϵͷ֪˷紫ңѾ˹ֵĵز֮òأ׻ڣϣͷѾӭ˹ڴȻԺȤѾһǳ
ҼЩЦ⣬վԭû泯ǣ΢΢˹
ɩ
ģһҲûԱģû϶٣һ磬ȴԵǷݰͳء
ҵƤģʵЦԸףأ֪˱Ҹ
סЦ⣬ѾԴڴҪ̬ͻȻһӱִҪľҵĸоôһģһ

149

ôģӻһҡ
ϣҳ޵ȴһֱǵã˵ʮԶƫį࣬ȴһڹٻ
˵ҲͶ̥ûζ˼ôһ˲һ
˵ң鶼ҲҾĳ󵹸
Ī׵ģ˵ҺҪҵİǸեСǶŹ
˵˺öö࣬ʼռǵã˸˵У䲻ĻޣһڵģǷҪ̥ޣǺΪҵģ۵϶ʱһѪߡ
Ƶľַ˷ӵϽΣʧޣҴδ޳һǲ۵ʹҡͷ˵ͻȻ뿪һӱ㲻ˡ
ǲǺ龫֣ݵһ²붺ЦСӲʹ
˸ңʲôҲû˵ȴЦ΢΢һͷЩиűǸһЦ֪ζʲôҪϣû¡
һ㶼ʹϣѪ
ҵ̸̫ҽѾȺʱߣ̫ҽڲΪΡ
̫ҽΪҰãӺͿҩ࣬Ǳתȥ
˿Ѫ
ҵֱۣһ࣬ŭСĵķб
Ӣ𣿰򶼲һȥһ£ûˣ
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Ӻԥһ£ͷ֪Щʲô
ϣɣһԵ̫ҽֵֻ̧̿Ľһ
ȥƫͷɨһۡ
ҵͷһ˺հõˣ°ϡ
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˼˵ЩʲôֻоƤ¾ҵģȴоʹ
ѲŭһƵûţʱҴҶǻһͷӺÿλһԺš
ԼЩףһЦûˣǲһҪˡ
ûлشַֻŻرѣ»رܴ̼ˡ
ӺĻȥùëᡰˣˡ
ϣֵõģֵð
ֱҲų׵ףһУΪʲô˵ҪҵҲȻȷʵȻİ
ʲô渣ʵʱҽ
ԭûȥģǿΥҲҪΪۻǣǿ֤
ʲôֵֵ죬Ϊɱ˺󣬾ʹӲˡһЦ΢΢͸Щ
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ͷҲ磬һֱûȷ
ҽЩϣڴŹ˸Ÿǰɣ㱣֤һٷˣͽǰ鶼ƽϢɣҲΪҶˣڹҪֻҪƽʲôںˡȥֻ֪ҪڣҺʮԶһ뿪Ҳûʮһ𣬾ڹУڹУʮҪģҲһκϣѣˡ
ȻΪβڹ޺úһѽ٣ֻʣЩ꣬һ޻û޲һȵĽɽٸʮֻ꣬Ҫʮͺãȥ޶ȥѵúͬ˵΢΢ϲٵ
֡ϣô˽ʱգҪô룬һӣǺ޵ģû?ˣһʹôǻһ죬Ҳˣϵڣǿ󡣶һͲʶ˭˭ˣҲҵ
סңЦһͬһ㶼߲϶Ϊ޶㣬ǵôʵⱲĺԸ
ҿҪ͸ϣʸ谮ֻ⣬㲻ҪΪһ̸
֮úôţʲôҲҪ룬޾Ͳܵʮĵǵİȫ
˵յŹǣھ㿴
գ̾ϢһЦûк̸ĳ룬úˡ
ҧйŲʣˣ̫Ե̫˽ִһ֮!
ȵȣҪӦһ
ͷЦҷŹǸøܣ
Ҫ㷢йû;ĸԸܵģǷծ֣ϣһĺңȴһ֪ҪʲôӺʹļס
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ҺˣˣǵΪֲʧˣ
ǽڵã§ұſңⳡ棬ҲЩ֪룬æңʾ飬֪һᣬ͸˸һǧ֥Ϻõİ̥ҩ
ʰ꣬ԭһ뻺һŵľƣοʮֻƤ֮ˣϢռɣô£¶ڿδã£ٸ˵ĲǣʮҲ洦Ҫ˵ʰΪ˸׷ѡ
æǰѾעĿˣǲ׷˵ĻţҲֻﲻͣСС֣ٸ쵽֮¡
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Сĵҵ֡ʹ𣿡
ҡͷĲʹǴʹˣҲΪ顣
ȦˣֱĨĨƭˣղⶼˣζãȥһ򡭡
޾иţӣҵ׻ѪԵңȷʵء
Һ뿪ңʮƣĵһ⡣
ͷûоܾһ죬ţҪʲô£Ӻһġ
΢΢Ц۱յøˣӷ̯һҵˣ˱ӣһͬסǡ
ʮǵĵ԰ͻʱ㱧˯𣬵ǻƯֺ㣬Ūʳʱ;ãʮĻôôůͣڻһ㵱ʱҾ˯ˡһ΢ЦĿǣʱ룬Ҷͺˣˣôůһˡ
ʱϲȥĵ԰ϲǸλ˯죬ϢŴˣﲻ֪ʲôܣһӣԼͳˣҲ֪ȥ
ҲԺصǰһ㣬ô㰢һĳӲ
㱧ң㽫˦һߣԼˡ
ΪҺ㰢һ·̫̫࣬
ֺá˸ŨסңŴСü
ҲЦˣġĺ󱳣ḧһҡСʱҾңʱġ

150

Ӻһ꣬Ѿƽһ¾ΪΪõڿָͼһҳ̫ǰһЩ£ʹˣҲʽĻˣһĵӺȵĳʮͰ˰һ̤ʵϸɣһҷԴЩ˳˳ˮ֮ӺϽ״У˲ٵǰ׶ˣ̰׷ȻЩĻ̻̣ȴҲϣ֮ףһʱķңüʮҲֵõġ
ԳھһܹעôıСȻƽʱ峯ϹϾϢǿ׳Щԭͼ뷨˵ȶ٣ɱ»ʸռλȻҲǳûҪһţȥҢһֱǶս״̬ӺΪԶ󽫾˸ıȨԽԽȻЩ߸ţӺˣĻʱƣе֪δٺãûȥ̣ҲҢһУҢҲûʧһõĽš
Ƕ˿ຣ߽Ӻ̸һҹӣͷֻûƷ̸ұ߶ŵһҹδ˯ϳŸߣִҴˣӹСյëһǣ˷ܵߣһı;ȥ
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ŹǷ˯˺ö࣬Ҳҡͷ˵û취ֻܺ
һͣҼ˷˳Ѳ磬е峿֣ȴ粻ƽһɨɱһⳡҲ̫ˣ˵ͷ﹬ŮţĹٴ󳼶һһ룬Ӻվڸ߸ߵı̨վ˶ľӪ棬
ǷȥڲվվˡҵͷŮ
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ϽȥһͬġŮƽش
ӲͷƤ΢ͷŽµĵ··ʺʱǰͣټ룬ɫأ˫˵ݣһƬΪ֮ɫϼˣһͬҲӺҿ⿿ǣҵ֣λŮӺݻǳЦӭӺ
밲Ӻ绪ӭǣһһǣǣ̨Уһվʿѹѹ»꣬ʺǧ꣬
ЩȣҪ̯Ӻʹһɨʾȥ
˫ü΢һۣתͷӺ̹Ȼ̨ˣҾԼǸСվרΪʮĶϣǰǷڶ߻ΣЩʿѪ𺳡
ƫͷٿӺ˫ԹޣǰǶƽֲڡ
޽ΪຣƽѣҴ彭ɽ
꣬ûҿΪʮǹ˧ԶĳڲǺһôأŲĽӹ˧ӡתһҲһ㣬ǧʿѪӦǷ飬ǷԶıһȣĵˡ
ʱյĥһ嶯ֱʵľǿֻ꣬ΧһССׯԺӣȻ檳ȺŮƣСԺпش·ĸʿ󳼣ƽ⣿
ͻȻ֮䣬ҾԼ˵ҼҪ̱أıסůҿ꣬ⱲӣҲҪҪҪİ̫̫࣬Ψʮģҵİ߶߶ǷôģƽģȻģģìܵģεģһһӿͷѩһͷֺÿȴֱ䣬ңɼ
չ黹һŮˣһʱͬСŮˣһĹйѵӣҲҵɷһϸůΪʲôڱҹиůĻˡ
ôһǰʢ;ʽôǵصʮģΪҵˣҲȻӺǿģͲȥЩܴɵ˻ţֻҪţˮһǱӺƻˣôܹôǿҵʱ⻹΢΢жԴǣȻĸ˵һΪûңϽλ֮ȷȷҾȻĶҡɵȻ۹ʼհģԶʮģůҸˡ
ʧܵģǵġ
ܹǣյʧܣжΪҡ
ʱһ룬ȥ˻Σִȥǻһľ᲻ң᲻һңͬʧܺų¹ģǲǰһôá
ѩˣеȺɢȥʱֻһ
֪˭ɣǵĻѾѩⳡѩ󣬶ëһģû̫ˮݣ˲䣬ϱһ㣬һûκε˸ɬѩ
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תͷ˫ģģȴƺ
طGһΰɣһֱſڣòã
¶΢΢Ц⣬ҹͻȻֵһǵ㣬ԺԣҲԵڣû塣
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طGˣ㱳ңòã
ֱıԶԶĿǸ߸ߵĻǽò΢΢ĺȥ˫Ȼסҵϥ䴦һͦվ΢΢ҡΡ
޴δһŮˡ'
ҧס´ˮʪһƬйѩһ޴ӡ
棬㱳ϣʲôһĸоʵ
̤ʵұϣ̤ʵοȻ̾
ҧúײʻõĸоĵ˵ͷ
޴Ӧ㣬ȹȵһв죬һ̰ķԸһʳ£ޣĿ
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޲ġ
ֺο࣬Ҵ㲻㲻Ǵ𣿡
Ҫ£δº⣬ǰһŭҲһδڹ޵ĹΪ¶ȣֻҪ죬ҪҲ࣬Ҳֻһѡ
ҪĻ
Ҫһűģˡ
ʱȥ;Ÿ硣
йĥϵļ̣жΪСǡҪھ￴ţγһƬʢ֪ļ֣ûκģҪĸԸķڷߣ
ķڷĸԸߵ·ͲͬһߵҲ·ˣҲһߵףִҲУֺαǿıˣβȷԼĹִѾ˽յһУβŹˣҲŹԼ
ܷŹԼ÷ˡ
һ̧ͷŽǰѾ߲ȥˣ̤һɨĹʪĵ棬һСģͻˤӣܻʹ䡣ѩϵɾ
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ǰοǰһϷ
ûүүһֵţֵضϷ
Ц
ǶһȺ˿Ĳϣÿ˶Ӽɵ

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˴һۣڹĵλʱʮֵ΢ǰķԷҵĲ²ⶼƺʵĸݣҲΪ̸ƺʮģӺΪ˳
ĴҲ࣬ҵ⣬ܲΪһˣܵɵż
ͺʱûй˼ɣʱ밲ҽӴ죬ŲӺӲԲӰΪɣܻڴ
ֱ˴û¹ѩȻ첻ǺʮǵĹ΢΢һҵ˼֮࣬²ֽᡣ
һֱ£ǴģһõʱڣԼҲҲ԰Ļޣ̸ҲֻҴײĺñҵļŮҲԺһ˵ͯġ
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ȥһǳǳľϡ󣬱Ǹ߸߰ĺɫǽԶԶȥЩǵ£ҫĹâһ·ףûоͷϽǴúֻһɳʯôĲۣû¡
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ǰǶվڹͷĻǽ벻־뺦µҲɴ˶һжȥ꣬ȴȻ顣
ϸպ⻭ҲⱲӶٿȻպá
ЬӣŽѾ쵽峺ĳһһµĵţĵˮЩ΢˸˼ףЦŻͷһԭʮ
һɨӣģѾļӺ޿ˣ˿͸ˣüĿ䶼ɼǣ۽ǵϸֶѻЩȴֻƺݣƮƮģÿۡ
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ֺ˵Щ֪Ҫ
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ο²ͬ죬ҪʼԼɵЩ
ҵЩˣʵ췢ʲô
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ߵжԸ˸ҿûʲôã˸ԺãֶͨһУǲںЩЩϳô?ûҪ
ʮҡҡֻ֪֡һΪ֮ҿ²ˣ˸Ȼ󳼹ȥΪģޣȻ˸ȥ鱨ѱϢҲǲᷢ
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عÿɻãңѾͷҺСʱڣһСطԼĶﱻ˵òĿĴжҲǲ֪ҲңǸӰ;ȥˣ򣬲ٶ
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ҹ룬ڷӣҳͷ˯̺Ϣ̫Ҵҽ˵мҵҲˣ°˸ǳʲô¡
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ӺЦãø޹Ȼûô!ãּ⣬Ҫشڽʿ
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ӺͷңһƬȻ
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152

˸ܷϣĺҲͷҴʱٱҲûнˡ
˵Ϊ˸缸ڳܵѣϣԼݣŴζӺѾܴĲҲѹȥˡ
ϻʱҹǱҹһС˵ϣһҪңҲһʹҲ֪ԼʱյͷӸǰ˸磬ԻȥӺĺޣѾ˹ϴʧȥоӺһֱûȥʹô꣬¡
İɣʱʮúôӵġ
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Դˣе࣬ӺҲδҼƽϣأʲôϵ⺢ʮĲร޵ĸص㡣
ұȥɽׯΪ˸ĺȡޣ˯ֽܲݣ˫ۣǻ飬ˮģҪγˮǸĺӣǿߡ
ӺæתҲΪҪҳŵĻһȶ뿪ء
ңȴʱʱҲУ˼ĸ֮飬кԵҲʮ죬ңֻú
ʮǧ֥ءЦ
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һȥȥ˰꣬һΪҲΪ˱ܱܺĿ֮ӺҲʲôݲݵģֻˣϣô򵥵ġ
ÿ޿飬ȻǱ˹Ķ࣬Ӻʱʱټ˻˵ÿȥʮʱѾܴˣϥǲ֣ĥ꣬һˣӣĲûõúõϢֻܷܷһ棬˸ⱲӾͷŽµĻţ
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ȥɣõҩ˸ģҲδٶ˵ҵ֣תˡ
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ãúãǻϣôԶ֡ץϵ̨Ƿīһ򰡣ȻһԥңҪˣͲÿֵеľ棡
ûн̨֣ǰˤ÷飬ҲҲ֮һˣˮ
΢΢鴤˫üܵüӶЩһһңҽߣơ
һץסҵ˫磬۵Ǳ֣ȵɳơôҲΣգӻʸ㣬Ҿ֪ⱲӣҪŮǣ
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153

³΢ЩתϵҲˣҲ֪ǺԭӺһƣҾȻʹ¶࣬Ҳδ⣬в֪ϲǸǡ
ȥŷҩΪŸ׼ЩϺõĸҩ
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ζȥɣֻƯ
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Ÿʱ࣬ȴȻǰĹŶңӺԺʮӡôһС԰£ĺĺ٣ӡУЩ䣬Щɪȴô⾳ô԰ǾµİǰݵԲ԰ףһ⣬һģˣƫôһԶĻӣȴΪҵĹ㶪ȻҲΪԼ޴˵ҲӰӺִĶĸڡ
ԭҲ磬㣬ʶʱôҲ䲻زһȻԵ࣬ҲҪ
ˣร
ŖϵĸɫС飬Ⱳӻ±ӣҿõһе㻵ģЦ
һһԽǰڽʳУСĵĸþƣװúСҲҩҩ
ع·ϣʮ̸߳֡

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վ߽ҵһͬšҪȥŸ?Щһȥ
á
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ҿɫҹ磬ʱڣ̫ҪɻĶ
ǱȺˡҳСյͷתתǷǷȥð¯ˡ
ʮ̾˿Щ;ƾͺãŸһ죬þˡ
Ȧһ죬ʵ˵
ʮ˵ö԰ǷģǷҵģ̫̫࣬ѲҪټһˣʱ˽ҵˣ˭
顭
㶿ҰΣսȥҵˮ뿪Ц˭ﶼһΣңɼΣпᣬôǧ겻Ƶģǰ̵ζ
֣ѹĵͷǰɵĽϵɣɽɵ㣬ڲ֪޵Ķ裬еУʹĲ˵ȻãҲʱźá
ôᣬ֪ЩԸǷãɵ㣬ֻأҲϣҪ
ΪЦ̧ͷֻأ
ϣֻء
ֻϣΣΰ㣬ǸΣȴȥһ̫ھԹƣòкźˣЩľʮӺҲҲʮģҪǵҲŸҲУϣһжɢЩˣҪңԶΡ
ʱִҪȥ뻹ǾܾˣԸһֵúӺֱŤҽøŰҿţ⣬ҡ
ʰҪģ
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ζЩۻ̾ϲӡУӦƸ۴أǣҲ˽ţԶҲҡ
ûת˻ʵڹ⣬Բ߹
У֮£ĪǻⲻһɱܵʱǶԹӡ̫ǳˡ
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ɿҵŻشŵǰΣǰľ¸ȼʰ;ŸأõĽ֮ˡ
Ŷһ꽫ʰץʲôѱ
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ʰԵ˻ϷݵԽԽˡ
ȷʵ̫ĿˣôһյͷʱͿ
ֻЦֻǷӵ뷨
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ҵͷǰЩˣֺˡ
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ҿϸģͷƳ̾ϢһССᶼÿһһӣ߲ȦȦԽϣԽԼýģҲ̤ȥ
ңҪȥˡ
»Ǻܵ͵ģ̽ͷĴҵͷʰ˵øϻȥ
ҡҡͷʱǸϲȥˣؼˣ´λ֪ûлᣬعͻ˵һҰɡ
Ȼһ㣬ҪˣҺһͬʰ
ҲЦЦӺô÷кҪҩʳţйܶ࣬ƻͨһ룬ܾˣ뵽е
Ÿ粢֪ԺһƬ̤Ժţſһƻڴķ϶ҡڣҡҡ׹
ŵԺſںһ
ȴûлӦ߽ٺ˶᷿֨ѽһ죬Դɣһ˿ϲ
ֻ򵥵֨ѽһѣԾ鱭
ǸһԺͥ¹ʱ͸˰ӳĵס
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Ź߽ϸľҲƽ΢΢һЦҽţƹźӭ
Ÿ磬һֱδúóһ첻Σ
ˣɹ𣿡ҽʳ¯ó΢΢ԳһЦ
ˣˣ벻飬֤û΢嶯
ǵ꣬ΪŪͷҡ
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ĬĬĨ£Ŀҵ⼸Σ֪ΪΣƹٵͷҶĳǷҶܺ죬ïʢǴˣȴֻǵãɽɽķҶֻҺ㡣
̲סʣҼǵã˵ϲǡ
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154(£¿ʼĶ^o^)

ֱȵ賿΢ʱգҲֻ̫̫ࡣ
⴫߶ĽŲǻһۣѸе𽫽
Ը̧ͷң룬ԼǷϺҼһƬٴȥȻǶ۵ͷȴҲòпʵǰʰ棬ʳöݸ
Ũ¿ңͬգʱһֵı顣
߽͵͵ʶK뾩֮мǣúչԼĪǿʱͬգЩԭҪҶ˵ţ⻰˵ܼǵһ㣬Ϊ߽ʮ꣬һ

 155 (153£154£

ֱȵ賿΢ʱգҲֻ̫̫ࡣ
⴫߶ĽŲǻһۣѸе𽫽
Ը̧ͷң룬ԼǷϺҼһƬٴȥȻǶ۵ͷȴҲòпʵǰʰ棬ʳöݸ
Ũ¿ңͬգʱһֵı顣
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סҵ֣ɳƵã⣬һҲֵˡ
˵ֵֵɣҲȥеķ
Щʮˣ˽죬Ҳ֪û㣬һΪ졣
˽죬һʲô²̹Ȼԭµġ
ߵʵʶġ
һɲʱȻʵ֪Ǳ°ߵģ
һЦáΪʲôûȥ㣿Ϊʲôûʮģʣǲǣ
ǡ
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ȥ˾ͲҪˣŸ硣Ҫ˵лһҵĻҲ˵ڣЩϵĳ£ѲҪˡ
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Ѿͷã΢΢һЦˣŸ磬ʲôҪ˵ˡ
ȴסҵ֣ЩȻҲʮֵءԭҲԸ˵ġ
ҡҡͷ˵ˣŸ硣
ңֵֵһˣֵֵΪҲöʮꡣ
Һ򴰿ڣȴҲٶ
֪һֱΪʮĺĻ¹ڻⱲӣŸκûкڹΨһǷޣ̫˽̫ңˣֶΣʮĵܣֿҵĻӹֱ˵ҪΪ˸˵˵ͬϵ϶³ŭ˻ʸҲ֪Ϊר̸˻ҶĲʲôʮĵڼߵ£ΪֳûΪǣûڵ˵ȥ
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ˣһб˵ĺӰһһǻҵԺŸΪʲô˵Ϊʲôŭԣұ֣Ϊʲôһ֪飬ҾʹҩΪʲô˵Ĵ
뾩Ϊ˽ģҹԼѲҪȥ׷ʮһӣΪǲһ̣ҲʮĲⱲӣҺʮĵѰ
ȥĬĬ˳û޷²飬ԭʲô˵ģһжʱյĳӰ٣˵ˣ˵˾Ͳô֪һԭ
˵ԭô˽ҪĴֻԼİ˵ˣԼ㿴ҪҪԭ£̹ˣһ̣ԼҲ㡣
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һʲô˵ģʮĿиһЩܸࡣ
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Ƕȥ
һȺæۉţӺһֲȫɢżŬɫһſĹȥ
ʰ꣬
Ӻһ̧ϺĻҲδﶢңȴ޵ʣڣҲҹ
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ֻʣǶˣ̯ͷ˼Ȳ裬ȴѾЩ㱡
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ҶᣬǱˡ֪ô࣬ôģƭôꡣ
Ӻãƺ뵽ʲôЩ˼Ҳٶŭҵůұ˫֡
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ȥۣôǹˣ
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޵ʱô˵̹ˣҲãȥһˣ֮䣬ҲԵìܡ
㵱ͻʸʲôЭ飿
Ӻɫһ١˵ʲôȥôˡ
ͷβ֪ҲԽͣʮĴӾ½һ˵Ļʮϱ޲Ƕһ֪ġǻһֱǲ׵ġ
˵ʸҷλ̫ӣ㶨ǲţˣֺαȥ̹Ȼ˵𣬲ΪԼк
ҵţԷʱƣ룬ʱ̫Ӹִ㾡ľʱµҶó
ӺҵĶͷ΢Щݵζ޻룬㵱ʱ϶룬Ϸϰ̫ӣﶨǴʲô⡣
ЦЦȷʵĻ롣
ҶĿֻԼǿģһǲ͹ۡ
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˻ٲ˻顣
ֻӦˣ屾Ͳһã°ȥֻ˵˵ͺá
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ӺŭȻ¶޵ΪԸȥȥԸڹţҲȥ
ûԣ
ú֪ԼҪģܹܵ˶٣Ϊһ֮ܽģмɣ
һ߿ţȥת۱㲻Ӱʣ⻰ͷȥ
һһģһ㣬ͷתģҲô˯ȥ

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ʱڣѿģ¶еʱ򣬵ﻨ㣬һƬ٣ѾͷʱѾʼݣڹϷ
ŸҲǱ͵ҲһЩȷʵ˵Ӻˣ䷣òأҲʮ壬⺢Ҳаû밲ˣƽնԲ԰๤ӹǶǲʮӣҲúˡ
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һ̾ǷӵǷ񣬻ų˺ԺһСŮæһֽ½ŵͼһδ꣬һԧϷˮͼǡ
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ĳãӿΣΨʮʱڣƽƣӹڷҲ񣬾˿ڹ͸沼䣬еλʺ϶࿴ʱ빬Ϸ졣
ǰͷ̵һʱýʱĵλҫϹϾһεȵĴ磬ȻĽģҾ̹ʹܵĿԶ٣ˣȴδϣҲòڴԼļįӣ˼ʮģľ˵İΣ⣬ҲһѾŵ׳档
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һʳָһ߽̯ʯ棬΢΢С
ʱ֣Ѿͷ˵ҲȥˣҪúϢ˭Ҳ
Ҳŵ֪Ң֮˽Ӻֻν
ķḻ֮ĺݣȻȲ´ؾҲǱҪľ±֮أ˵˵ҲǸͷˣԴˣȨѴ󲿷ӺС
ʥּȻ˵ǵΣǽ򷣣Ӻ濴ӻǿ͹ֻˣȻһ漴ѧʣ֪˿ɴĦõġ
ҹ֪һ֣ĸӹ̣˵ͬһɬѶĵӰɢˣһЩʳ֮ζĸо
Ҳʱ֣ڵȵеϢǰݼţʮʱԸ˵㵸
ӺʱҼںʮĻͨżϣ¼Ϣ
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Ӻİ£Ң֮£ӺһҲδÿѱŲʾˣ¹ҢΪɢԱ⻹ദΪλ¡ƶ̫࣬ɽ޳ǣԴ˸۷׷׶ƽϢĴλ֮˵и֮ƣ糣밲˵˶֮£ֻҡͷ˵Ѱ죬˷ҲԣҲУӺҲû취֮١
ʱԲ԰׵ӺΪЩ²ƺƵפԲ԰칫ˣȻҲȥ๤һ죬ɹ࣬Ҳ׳࣬һĸˣɤӿʼʱһˡ
԰ʱָ̿㣬ЩĶЩûУҵΣ˼ûŵᴢ֮ϣʮο
΢΢ٲӣòŵʮ԰ӣС͸񣬵ֻ꣬һٻ԰Ĵ㣬ϲҺʮ԰еξۻᣬһӶǡ
㻹ôСҲɵøи֣
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ҧŴȴѾ棬ĨûУҴӲ֪ССȻôණҶǲһ̫ڿֱ̣죬Ҳδʹһ˿ڿȫˣɷº󻼣ʱʹʹûпޣ
ʮ꣬һϲбƫʱſǻﵱʱôԹִ԰̫ҽ˵Ҳܼ磬һ˰ŵǵطʱСΪʲôҪôǲǣǸλãܵõҪůִҪһأֻһ׶ɬЦݣҵƺ嶼ܽӲ룬ΪʲôһҪϲңʵһ㶼ϲңȻѵˣһȺūŵ档
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ʮ˵԰๤ʱ䣬δᴢһ£㶨Ȼҡ
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ҽӹë⿪СָһһţȰοԣǴˣǲ޵ģҲҪ򱦸ѧϰò?ޣ𣿡
ʰƶǶͷ
ҿɫǰԣԺҪͱһʮǻϵĸ񡣡
ϲıȥιҵรôɣѹֻҪ̸񣬳һڣƣôиѽ
Ǹ̾һ
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æãʡôˣǸհл˵ֳʲôּˡ
˫Ŀ૵̫ˣҪҸ̲ǶôµĵطȥˣҸô꣬ΪϾְûйͣҲп๦ôҲ䵽³ӲãôҲΪ°˰磬Ժ󣬿ð˰ڹΪˣ
ҵ֣߶߶ΪҽټӺһ·ɫȻĨĨᣬǰǾΣҲģ嵽ңΪһþݣܰﵽ
ΪĻβѣΪ£ͻǷǷݾ?
ϣᱻӺˣһһͷסңҳ˵ͷοЩʲô
ЩŹˡҺ˯ţ
ЩҪء
ЩӶˡ
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 157 

ұ԰ӵĹͷͣտʼʱζȷʵ£žˣŶˣŨںЩ˴
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ռǱߺûκϢ֪ô󳳴֣ȻӺʮû棬ֱֿŤʹѹ
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ȰοϣɣҪģҲϣҲİҲΪλüһ
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ҽջƽл¡ӺһҿɻܱľͰ˸Ÿ磿

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ԼǵãӺףˣӺδϢȥ·;ңԶһɣǷһԸ
ĵȴѾˣž֣ڿǰڤ룬ʱţһϲСһͷԵ̫࣬Ӿͳҹˣʧĸġ
ҡҡͷָָԼüͷһ壬ͷư࣬üĿҿ죬ȴôҲ벻
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ҽˣɻҽǰ͵ҹʱѾѽһ
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˲£Һγ˽һأԼȥʱ롣
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Ҳգϥ˸ֲ洽˸Ƿ΢Щ˯ͳɳƵȥˣ޽˼࣬ЩһҪ˵˵
ҲĶӣֻýյ̫ڹ죬û±㱻˸˿ŲҷȴԵвǿ׳壬סҵ֫Һ󾱣ϧµȲˣܱ޲ԼϺǣޱ紦Ӱ㣬ĸθУûжʱˣӽ޺úð㣬㣬òã
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쵰㲻ˣѾˣڻҪңҲɵƿڴ
ҲǷˣҪֻ֣ܹΪܷŲ㣬Ůˣ͵ǰ޶Ϊ
ЦŮˡˣ뵽ǰɡ
鶼ң̫ãԺãܳˡ
ȥۣ˺ҵ·һ߷˴ߵĹƣ´ʣںڰȻݹã˳ķޣ
Ҹ뿪˵׼ģǵ͸ֵֻǰһȫȫޣ޾ӦǰһԷ
ƴǣһŭŻ쵰⣬ȴ֪˵ʲôãеıһ˷һˣ˵ᣬѾĿܺʹ
ްɣĺޣ޲㶨Ǻ޵ˣ
ˣȫȫķˣӲǽмӣԽԽ
ȫһƬĸһ˿˿ȫ֪Ӳܴ̼ȴȻң;Ҳֵ˵ƣģģģվǰһһ·¶׳ƫݵӣҴʱѾ̫ˡ
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ţֻҪζԸʮ塣
ҡҡͷͻȻסҵֵʮȰȰɣðһңѹҲܴսԣ̫ҽҩΪմͷһȺʿˣר˸ԺҩⲻǺõװ
תôģ˸ൣҲûá
ȵʮ㡭
ȥ˵أҾЭͰݣҶʮҲŹġ
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ֱһޣûκסԼ򵽲෿
İˡ

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ԪúҴӺ㲻ͷ£רƫ
һֱߵ£ůһ껶ĵˣɹͷգѹֵ͸沼Ҳַ֮࣬ǷҲòԺֻЩƷ
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һ˻ת˸򣬹һӣ̽ͷҲˣóţԼȥҹһ·ۣҲҡģеķ磬Ǵ̹ǵ䣬絹ǴЩʵģЩɫ䲻⾳ȴǼãǰʮڽͷԺ¹ɢʱʱңǰһ
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ұôվſڣŽӲǰһˣɺ޷תߣʱգҺ
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ǷǷǵȻʮйͣˡ
ã벻żѵóһˣβġֱɫôǲЩɥĵҩʱЩá
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ʮҹȥպˣʮΪ˲裬˿ʮ磬ߡġ
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ճұıʲôҲ˵֪ʮң֪ҡ
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ϽӴãһ꣬дǵ˽ĻϣҪԶһ
źӵߣһصǺ˼ֻ֪ʮĲΪҶǲԵġʷҲãҲãҶܽʵ
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һҶ˯ɾȻô£ԺһϢûС
ԼСģʲô˳ҡʮ罻ң̾̾Ҵˡ
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С㱨˵ӺպһﳯҪҪ£䶨ˣǻϣһΣԼٹʼʩˣ˯ҹҾȻ㸴ӵģһ˷˵ȥѾٻ԰
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ϸӣŵָ󣬲һЩ̣΢΢һǰӵĺֽϸţгһգһõ
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һֱҵĶǿռ˶ʮ꣬ʲôʸҪ
ΣյۣҿǺ˿ߵѪ˿˲ʱ㲼ɵò˼
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ߺ޵ĿӺͷһôȻվһߣϧӺַ

ִⲻϻͷͷǿСţҲǼݱǰİٰ谮
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ҵ˵ͷӣ˭Ժʰ꣬Ψ㲻ԣ֪𣿡
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ʮȻôҪΪʲô
ԭģǺЩζڣҾõˣû塣ΪʮĶΪӺǿ꣬زܰĵʮĻѾˣ˵ȴҲñˣʲôˡ
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ôΧߣΪУĺܿģû뵽ܼһ棬ôˣ飬ĥģʹ޲ֹ
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