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ҫƹ𻰣ǸлȥƹæƣǸǳʱѾˡ
ȪݺųϷһǣŮʳ羰
ڴϣӣûȳԶȽϺáһֵķׯһ߳ԷһΧ˵̸ĵС˳ִ󷽣ʱش𣬽׼Ҹۡһ׼һ˼ҡԹ裬ϵ˵Ѿ˵βˡѹһڣԵδҫʱԷ˵˵Ȥ¡
˼òǷӺ۾Ϊ֮һԸûһõĲ˼ҡ˵ĺˬʹƵƵͷЦſ˿ڡ
λس˵أԭϰɡ
ԣϷһ˳ɰһЩȥѣȪϷ֮أһΣ֮˵񲻺𣿡
ҫһʹòһϷ֮飬̧籦أĻϻӾղסˡ
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˳˼ʱ¥ĽϣȻײˤбײֵһסˣߵſڡ
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е̳ŪȣԴ欵ü˾һһӵӢŮӵ޷飬Ͳ֪ǹһأϰʹȻ

ʮֿ϶صͳȷ
й͵峽ŵģüĿȻб仯ϡܿӡڵ߷ุĸ
ǵȫѹ򣡡չһ˫ۣʮָ棬ָ
ҫ찴סļ磬ȵȡȿ
걻Χסȴûһ˿ţֻǽӵµȺе졣ܵĿ϶ƺֻзռݡһ߸ݺ׷ļҶһѰſõʸ֮ȴĻᡣ
췢ͼҶԸޡ
ҫͷͬʱѾ֣ʮöַɳ֮಻߼ҶеıɣһݣڼҶ֮䣬һ°ڣҵվֻͷϽ΢΢ţһµ콵񿡣˫Ľ֡һ£ݳĳصǰ
Ż壿˵Ŵ΢ȴͻȻֵĿӣŬŶǰļ䡣ȷʵ¸꣬ѾϲԼˡ
ðģȻһץ˫ĿͨĺӻеĵʾϽһȥ
һһѶǹһתһ֮󣬶ǹ䳤ǹںбָ棬ӧڡǹ
ǹŻʹҲǰıУĬ˺󼸲ǹĹΧ

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ӦòҰɣǼȻ࣬һ뿪峽Сҫվԣһ֮ңٶжϳǹķΧźۼó˵˽ǹ
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ӺǸԵĸеƣ׵ͷư˵һص㡣ҫ쿴죬ѵǹ죬ѾܾŻˡȥֹ»Թ°ڣҫ¥ڣкȲ衣ǼȻ书Ҫ֣ʸ죬ĵֶ˵ʤ㡣Ȼǵڣڹһ¡
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ݣ
ôûǳôû׻˵ֶ࣬˲ף
ⶼʲô߰ģʹͷתλСͷĿһȳһպˡһ˵ıӰȻһ£ǸСأôûĶ

 3 


µ˶ɢˣõĲ˸ոոϵտյļУĴɢƶߵˣɥرԹȥˡ
أѵˣôôҲý߰첻ĵĴ̽ͷ鿴ת˼Ȧûҵˣֻúûʵϻҳһˬ߽ׯǱ͸˸ҶΪܳԵζû뵽ǳġ
Сʲôʱģ
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Ҹղſŵƣҵǿʮ񣬴Сһ£̵Щ˵ʲôԵʣ
ֻźҵҲżȻ֪ʶһˣʱҲ֪һּһʱû뵽˻ǣղŻûüʳͻȻֵԭ򣬲֤볯͢Ϲϵҫ˼ţôˬʹӦȥˣǾûȽϺá
㻹ǹĵ䷶úı鿴ҫ죬һſϢ࣬ˣСӱײ嶼Уһܡ
ҫòڹϸ򣬲Ĵߴ٣ߡһûѾԶϽ׷ȥ׷߱Թš
ôҲõȵҰҸմܣ۵ġ
˭ҲûܡҫԶԶһ䣬ӿŲ
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˵ûпܣ
Լߣ˺Ѿҹͬʱȵ书·Ҳԭһھ֡ҫ˵ţȴΪԺڵĶе֣ôôæµƣԺͻȻŮǺصĿ
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ܻа취ġûô࣬ûΨһĿġ
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Ҳʦ֣֮ʦ˵ɽʱһΪлʱ֪ݣͨҲ֪Ǿǵľү죬ֵ̳߿飬һס
ʵƼһףĻʵۺλֵܡΪǷʵȥģǿƣǴлȵ۵ĿɼΡʵ۵͸̷ʵ۵ҳ϶ᱻúء
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촵ڣӵĳˣȻǴ˽͸߶ȣһӣֻҹһ̴ٵУλԾס˵ĸӣ¸ϵ«έͲȡֽ֡
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ӵĿĵغܿǸղ˵Ǽҡҫ쿴ֽ淴棬һֽıԵǰ׼ֽ
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ǵġ˵õϢѣӦòֹһҫ쿪ʼİΣܷĵǣڶǸİ֪ĿԷǳ󣬲ܷܡų̲ǵøϿ춯
컶һֿԿඣ
ҫһۣΩ²ҵĶӷԱӡ

 4 


ٽĻ¶ʱ̣űŹǷƿ޾ɵǷߣһ֪ҹɫӣȦèĶ󡣸ǵĲũų½ţһŵڡڳڰ˯һ϶û뵽ȥաԺţЩŶţҾЩҡټլԺһ˶û¡ǲ̽κЩ֣˼˻ȥȥҲûи
ȥأƲţѵ̰ͼ书ؼԼжǲɽҲԱ֤պǲʦ鷳ʦ̫Щô̰޶ȡŻɽʱգȥ·ʱ䣬ֻʮʱˡ
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ҵĴɴĨȥͷĺˮܣƺֻǰҿջûȥϾɣͥңԱߵǽϻдŴĲ֣Σ¥ٽ𽨣ϢȻӪҵϰδ̫̰˰ɡֹţԸ߽ȥ
бȽ֣Էʱ䣬ܶס¥ԷȳԶɣôţѰҿλȻͿڶ֣˼˵ˣ㵽˰װ·ͺˣڳճǼƣûλãֻùȥ¡
ֻһһסλãҶӡһ߰ſӣһס
ˡҫЦҡҡͷȻԿ׽ȳԶɡ
ԼǰڷĿӣҧſҲĵƦģ㣬ǰİɡ
ʲôģо塣ӵ£쿹ͣһľ׮ȫֱͷϻ
˵ľ׮ҫ첻ζб죬һɢͷ˵
ôֵ֮ĬʲôأûжȺ֮ΡͷԷͬʱŬʡ»εô˷
Աʦ¥ϡʵĿ϶Ҫʡ
ҫڿİϳҫȻýͷ£ʵĵطɵñȽе㱻ŵܸ֮˸оԼĴںܶࡣǶοڣǱ֧ܿܵ䡣
ǡƽ
ҫʼ粻˲شЦʲôãֵ㶮
ƭȥɡּЦˣ˵ʲô˿ŵĻü⻰Ѱգֱ⡣
Ϊʲôң
㱻۸ϲ˴ˡ콫ʳ׵У׼ȷڿûû࣬ҲΩ²ҵ
ҲˣǻҪ֮أʲô©Ͳˣҫ赭дһִĹעͷܿ
ǲˮݣ⣬ŻƽǷҫĹײһ˿ƫƫ˻ƾУһһ£Ϊˡ˿ĥ͸
дһʱһʱô㵱û˵ǳ׵£ҵӡؾͽҩӳڴ߸뿴ķӦ
Ϊһʱû⻰˼գգۣȻͻȻ𣬷·лգֱ۾˶ëף
ԼǸһֱάַȵĿף˿ɫŤΣһ˫۾ǳǰδĶҡ𺳣Ц°Ȥ
ҫ찴ס֣вҪѨˣҪÿζǼˣΩֱ˲֪жǲǣ
΢ҧŴԼЦЦ⻹̲סǼµҫһٵɡ
Ҫӣ۸˱׼պڴҲȥúãĺѾԹ𵴵ķϣҲЦҲٸᡣ
һϽҫ춼ˣòղ˵òǿЦʲôߴĶںȻżǰҵĿ갡֮뷨ͳͳһƬһƬɢһءͻȻãԼָоֻɽһɽǧꡣ
ļ򣬽ܺĵذοôܴ̼룬·ѵһô
ҿɲڶﰵֹ
㻹֪¿ԱΪ찡ҫȻѾҩɾȣ֮
ҲǳɹǧôԹʷʸ񡣡ֱͦ޹
˭ҪʸһǧѾԼҧгݵĳɷ֣ԹС
ʲôûʳ˵ͷǣоԼ飬ô뵽ҪģȻЩУʱĸоǰһôڵذô󣿣ư£ȪŶ
Ǵҵʲôʱ򣿡°ĿٲȻš
ҺСѿڶ˼ףֻҪԸ⣬ٵʲôʱ򶼿ԡ
еᣡúóóû谵û谵
Ҫȥһңʲô֣ѱ˵Ϣ
ΪʲôҪ㡣
ΪҲú죬԰æǻ̫죬òµõĿ࣬ȷѡ
̬ȷֻ֣Ƶ룺ڵĹ˦ǲܵġǳݵ嵽һɷꡣ
һֱ˵ҫУǣ浽ٸȷʵôȽϺá
ظоҫĹ̻˵Լ˵ܵǣ׼ȷȻʸָժʲôȴеԼƮǶôؿɱоǲˣɽ£ûʦߵò˼顣޽ƱҪȻɽϣȻʦҪˡһԴҪôʦ˵źáʹ֪ʦ϶ԼΪԼʦѸеΡ
½ɽֻ֪סϡ
ҫһۣղԿˡô
Ӫͳ죬ٽƷΡҫš
ֻӡҫ졣
ʲôӣס
ŸƷ֣ͨѩױлɫߵ㣬̬Сáǰ츮Ÿ봫ϢҫţӪǻʵֱӣͰʹͬƷֵŸ벻Ϊ档Ѿν꣬ᷢʲôı䶯Ȼ޷֪Ʋ˼ǣ͵Ƿֿϣ߲ãʹһֻŸ뿾ųԣû뵽Ǹھ˵šֽǶ峽׼Ǿ϶ߣǰһվ֮͸ȻΪжԷͷ¡
㿾Ÿԣһ׮˲мо̼ഺڹе񾭡
첻ΪȻӻ֣һʲôɴС̬֡ȣʬ嶼װ׶ˣ˽գ˳ԵҲ޷ȴֹšСôʲôֻһζ
Ϊֹ廹ڲìܵĶԻȥҫϻִǣӵ˷ֿһЩ롣ȥӪãж
һһж
һһж߱ǰ߸ëڡ
ʲô˼һƫҪ㣡ҲʾͦذͷŶԷͼԷָɻȥ
ǡѾߵſڵҫٹǣϲӬƵĻӻֹսȡ
ߣ
ߡ츺ֶ°ͼﵽȥøɫУĬãͻȻ뵽ʲôקĸ첲ϵýš
ʲôűѲֻòߵúࡣ
ȥּ氡
ͻȻҪɹƭĸоڽϣʹض¹ڳˣ˻쳣עĿòʷȣ˺·áûдҳţϰ߱ô˫۾̽ĿעӣѰʲôԾ챳סӣֻ档ԼҲʲôôץѲô붼ñŤ֮˿ﻹΪʲôϵ
һȥͲôʵεúܣ˸⡣
˵ģõĵǱϵˣӪĽƺӪһӪһִжκָȨתϣô
ڻɳӪжô
а취ƣϸġ
϶ûаɣ
ûͷҲ֪Сϵı˲ˬⲻ
Цо͵УϴЩ߰ĶȻӳ⡣
ȻɣָԵʵ
ǡȻ
ǶԷȻԽУͻȻסŲһײϡ
ˣ˽š
ֻüɨһҾͱһٶϽڡãʲôģûйеȫʲôط
ǰðڵӣ׹ӣװӣѥйޣк֪ܶ;Сߣûϸʱ䣬̸Ⱥת磬һţá
ƹλӴŸ߹ЦŹӭ
λ롣
¶תһ߸ƹҪһ߷ԸԤ
̸ЦѾ곤һЩλ۷Ƿÿһζܹɽ֣֮ƹ֪ǹͣҪϡкøڡָ
ֶӣ棬ϡⶼóƣõļǮǿһĳĺ塣
ƹӦţָɵС룬ȥһŶǣĻæµţ̶ľϻģ赹ˮ̵ġˮãûڳѯʡ
ʲôط
רõĶĵط
Ҫʲô
ҡʳָһЦǸ㿴Ķ
ɭëĸоˣֻҪһ˵棬϶û¡Ѿ̹ܽˡ
Էſ˰ɣ棬ſڡܱסţʵڲǼ¡
ҲӲſǯƣһڲʡƹһѶ߽һţ֪ʲô桱Ķ档

 5 


һͷƹȻ˼ָĶͳһӡȥҲУš
ƹӹЦš
֪ⶼʲôô
ͷԲıĲм
һƿǸ֡򿪺ӷŪţŶǺõģвʱأ콫һ״Ķõǰ㣬ϳʲô󣬴ݷ֡

ЩǶԸŮ˵ģ档Щᣬݺܴ̼Ŷ
͸
˼ûѵýһô
СӲһȺˡ
Կġܺĵøϸ͡áЩǿͻȻ췢һżƷ
ۣû뵽ȻѾֻ˰ȺڵȻΰġһ߷˲֪Ƶĸпһ߽չ
һ㴺涼кŮԺȺкС䲻Ѩڵǰչ
տʼԸۿϻ޶Եı飬ȿеݺڵ÷Σı䣬ΪʲôҡšһЩ˵ЩԶȴ쳣ļ䶸Ȼġ
ʮʱɽһ·ϳĬľżǿһ֪֮·ǰʲôȴǳƺѾɽ֣ڴ˱ϵĺĿɽ鵭Ȼ·һһ뿪Ļ彫ʱ򣬽ΪЩվȣץŻӣ˳С·ķ򿴹ȥ
ľݺأһϡͰդϦջɽʯͤ£һѩпͤרעصʲôĿϸ˻¶ɢȻ֮еƮϢüĿ㣬ȴбŮԵɣ繴ִϸ޳ȴһֻҵļͷӳĳڳ˵ľ͸еļѩɫеĳıչһ̵ֱʯذϣһֻڻɽèͷĽ˯
ǰȥ˷еĹߺ£ǡèѣת˲Ӱ˲ƮȻнӹһԲεı
Ǳ֮ӣʮ꣬ʹи
˶űãⱯĬŵǳڷֱʱġĻžʱۣ˷ǣ
ٵͷѯ죬ͷʾ⣬ȥɡ
ɿӣַŵ˵Լ˵
ӽԺʦգɡ
ò˼顣ͷŽԼСĵˣʸȾһůӼ䴫ݹ
Ϊ˯ţʱ̫ŻѾˡӴˣеһжϾĵȥ
ɽ֮û˳Ⱥ̴ӣʦչһСӴϴ赽Է顣ȻֻˣʦĲѧȤ棬·ѧĶΪ˷Ȼ˿֪ʦͽͽܷʦʦƵչͽܵӡڵʮʱʦϴ裬ͬͬ˯
ʮѾ仯ʼ֣úܿ죬ĳЩطҲ˱仯ϴʱԽԽȥʦ塣ͨ㾧Өʦ粻˼ӡʦ˵ǰӵģΪķ㣬ŷı䡣ķƣߣӰҹ࣬Ͼ
סĵطиɽȪˮʦϴõˮغ͹ȵˮһΣΪص׻ʦʱڸϴ󱳣˵ϣˮ񵴷ӿ޴ƱһͬʱˮС𾪵ĲͻȻ˰ˮʦӴĸоر˵ڷȣȻУͣΪȾȣҪſںȴΪˮеĹϵ˺üˮǡʦֻ뾡콫ˮĺ󱳺ζʦ忿һ𣬸Ҫֱʦýʦˮ档һǺͿȲ˵ȼԽԽءµǣʦСӣת§ţһߺһ߸ı˳ŵס˱߳ܵĵطԺ˵ʲôҲʦһϴͬ˯һŴˡǸоٶ۵ʦΪֻΪǺˮġ˭Ϊ˺ȼˮô
⿪Ѩʱ䳤˶ãȻʲô飬ǿ񣬰ַŵǰ裬ҲûзӦѵǵ㵽մѨˣɣ쿴ϲ豭ҪҪһ絽ϣֻôĴ̼ôͻȻڿЦ˺һ
ų񾭲ˣ
պûһۣҸ񾭲û´ֶ
ղʲôô񡣡شչȥֻõԷмһƳӣûȤûɶоǷرĻýУϸϵôӣ֣µصݸ
͸㡣
Ҫ
ûϵ͸ʦҲУҾ͸ϲĻȻɺȴһ˵óõԿı顣
ɱ˵ĶˣðҧŲסţø첲ŻᣬȥҲ
һ·Ǹʹѽ۸Сӵĸоá۸üƵ࣬ǯֿáµع۽ֱֿڲȥϵҫûӰȥѰǣڿջſϡ
ȥˣô⸱飿
ٺ٣ȸ㿴ùֵഺѪգǺġ
ߡһˤ֣¥ȥ
카ҫĸ첲첽¥һͷˮҫע⵽첲ŵĻУ֮򿪡
ݺҫ̫Ѩ֪ʶûʶͷʹȥЩ
Ʒѵһ
ѹָղǺһģҫŪԭͬʱɸпνע⣬νɹдա˺εȥȽϺʣУ
ںʼ磬ЦҶǳˣαôŰأôΪԼȻʱ򻹰СӶ
ҫðĲ
½ɽڴӪڵĸУϳȥˣͻӪеĽû̫仯Ҹտʼ£Щϱıȱ㹻ĬҪ㿪Ѳ黹ǺɵġǶԷ϶ԴУΪɱ˶¡
ôˣһüëԾԾԡ
ĸΧҫմűвˮϻ򵥵ĵֲһ˵˵иϢ϶Ȥˡһݣһݡ˵ͬ硣
Ͳ̶˵˿յ
ղ̣Ҽǵ½ɽķղ̡ҫŹԱ¼
̸첻Ծشյҫ߰Ȼ뵽ʲôҫߵϡӪĲ֣ѵӲ
֮½ɽôɣ֪İ֣ǱѶȡ
㻹ǵðڹɣҫƫͷս쿡ĲҪ
ǵǼǵãͲ֪ﰵﵽжˣǫСúܡ
ŹͶˣֱ߳ĸо
ܱܲǰȲҴգ
ҫֱ壬ճȭߣԿһɴһִҫļϽѹȥ翴ʱʦɣ
ϾȱԲĴ飬˵нҪ±̱òȻ
˵ˣʦʲôӣ ʵҲ̫òˣгʦˡ
㲻Ǽô
⡭ȻʶԼ˵ˣſڽࡣ
ҫ켰ʱӹͷϢһȥÿΣһ°ڵλá
̸뿪ҫ콫УвȲ¶ҾͲˡ
ô
ҿھͺܻ㵽˭
ʱǰ쵽ʲôӵġ
Ȼ񣬵ǵķԯޡǰ˻
ôࣿеܴ쿪ʼʡԼǷҪı󣬸ΰԸĿϼɵķ񣿣˹ôս˦˦ͷܾĽߴʤĵز
֪ʲô簮Ŀҫ콫˱ϣա
Ŷ
дú㲻ϲϲ˽ɣΪʵڵķ
һֱ֪ҫѾô͸ѵóı飬ͷģݵΪ˽ҵһУҲ޿ɾҩİ㣬ϧһֶҲҪһ𡣡
ҫǡֺγǱʵȻѡϡ
ΪңΪˣ˱棬˱ԡĻ˵ǿ͹۵ҴڣȻԡʧȥңԣʹ
ĳ֣ããһʧңѰػžҪ֧ŵԣ»ûζûɫʵлجج˲
ҹʱ֣ҹ£ŴӴԾ˳ķ뿪ջϵ콫еĸĸɾһϸ̵Ŀڣȥ
Ȼû׵ȣСҲ̫û˰ɡһֹһ߽ǰѾҫݸĺڽ
ǲ˵½ɽڣǾԼаգһĲر
硣ҫҲ֪˵ʲôãǰͻȻŤͷҺôˣ
һ죬һ
ҫҲǸһۣûʲôȴһ־䡣
ѵ̫пˣ
ҶϺ󡣡
Сġ
漴ֿϤڲã׷ȥȻаҫƣʧأٳҲ١

 6 


ע⵽죬ǲϷŲִҹ̽Ӫ󲢲˵ֻĬĬš⵹е⣬Īķ·ֱϤǸŻ壬һʱΥϤоԻռͷԺˡ
ѾܴľӳпӪĵƻļͷʾԡ֪ưһߴһѹ͡
ϱߣҲǻʵֱӹϽģڸΣաסƵ˼ǰͣɢϾҪһˡ
ƵĺĬĬţ߶ȼУû⡣һЦҴ̵ʱСӻʦϴء
Ʀå뵽ʻʵ١
Խһߣ΢ͣ½Ųʱ˿̲ôִһ·ϽĽŲҳ˿
￪ʼҪעںѲߣ˵ġ
Ծ˿ϤڻŰ˵ֲѲ߹ɻǾ൱İðϸȴûȴ˼
쿴ȻȴӣﰵһͦйǰУ˳븮õǽΧĬĬԶĲ
ϡ
ͬʱǽͷԾأ˳Ǳ롣ĴָŴ˸ǰƣתػأǽߵһսǴͣ¡ȫеĹٷֶۡǴͬС죬תսأסĽĹۡʤ΢۲һѾ÷·ߡ
ǽһˮõģϸֳױ֣ҪСġ
أһֿܲͲֿѾ൱ˡ

ԵЩŤûжļ磬ģƣؼʱ̣
Żʡ壬һȥϾߡ
ǺǣѾˣԥʲôҳ£ءҶ£ʲô
ûоùǻ£
ŶһıԹҶ䶼ˡ
Բģû˵ڣֹֻҪˮʱʾͣ£ܵĽŲͣڿУʱ׼źšֻһƣһǰһٴˮһѲ߽ˮǰȥ˳֮ͨǱۡڲլԺפԱסĵطû·ûǰ
ƻͨԺһѲ߸ո߹мķſվ취СĿΧӡƸƷȽ뷿ڡ
һ쿴׼ʱһٽѨ漴Ѹ֮ٽϾҪصϡ
ֻһ˲뷿ڡζԸͬʱشĳץסԷһš±еͬʱõ֣ʺ˻δȣȻǰ
һǺ˿ֱȡԷţжԷĿڣڵεͬʱһἰʱƻλż߷ɴлİڣ˳бĳվ˿ݣ˫ָһȻס˷͵ϮıһֻסԿµҶСֱһ˦ڱ󣬸ղŻָİһûͷľУ¶Ц⿴һվĶ֡
ȰӶڲ֡
ٷ½ɽֻЩϤȴһʱ벻˭

µĴ͵ʹڣƵ٩һ߷ϵĶһ߻ӦֻҪƣЦŽ½ɽǰһΡ
λûж⣬궫ˡ㿴ôһ㣬Юֵιȥ콫ƵݸʾԼϵơ
½ɽ죬컮̫˫ָеĳŲȫλãվ½ɽȺһ뿪ſڵλáǱߵѾƣߵߡ
һŵǧʦӦ飬ôأ
һѲ߿ĽŲƽһѾپƷ˧Ӹٺ»ź񣬽ض˲¡αǵòʧԻǰأ
Ȩ°ɡ½ɽȻǼ˹ΪΧرأԵ޿֡ʦĸԣҪǱʦİɣ
ΣСˣֲҲӡ޺޶Ǵ룬ҲẦʦͻȻжˣЩɥΪʦԼһ˺ǱƤŵӦǵ޳Ҫ
Ҳˣб书ʲôԣ
ֻ⴫ӣţûڴ书
ûʲ˵㣬Ѿķһ㣬иһĹ򣬱ʹȥʦû뵽ˣת׼ö
Ѳ߿ҪԺӣǣϽ˵ϻʱ䣡
½ɽȴһЦ˭ˣû뵽ү
ԳºڽȻˣ͹ԹԷϰɡ
Ϊǹ˧Ĵ󽫾үڵȨµٰɡв޵֮飬½ɽӪλ⣬Ȼ塣
ߣҵ˽⣬һûаյ£
ҹӪƲʥּҲõն

ͬʱ֣½ɽǿܿ˵ļлس򣬳źڵ˲ײƴӵ⣬ѲߵӸպߵԷŵλáִƴżͬʱΧס
а֮࣬ŽŲͬʱǽϣ죬ʸŴϣе䵽ڵϣϣײǽֵд̵ģȼŵġ߿űȼյɱȥ
ҲõˣͿܲסͽҪһ״浽˵Ǵ̿ǰףǻҲΪѡһͻ棬û׼¾ʹˡ
ںڵֲ֪ô졣ӲɱȥҲûпܣѾϳľô죿ѵɱߣֵø
ôʶģ
ҵĲ£ʱҲǾ棬ҶˣΪϲ
Ͳø
˵ֲҲҵԸ񡣷ƺ¹ܣ
ʱˣ˵Ц֪ǸǸ
ҫ֪б䣬ǵķϣһߵǷһļüӿŲͻȻһɫӰϢһͬգۼֵĻΣȴת˲šҫͣסŲŻķ
ÿĽŲ书ֱɲ⣬ҫ׷ȥûп˭
ȽӳŷɳԾӣҼϤкϡ˳ȺǵĹͷìʧȥáѵصľӣȱٴģٵսˣʱ첲һӣΧ˱Ѹ̿󷨷ָ޷ӦԷƶԽԽ
ΧʿͻȻǰ˵ڵأı·ʿǿˣһⲻ˱е갧˱ͻıʾˣӳУһƮɵĻӰѶͥԺ롣عˣ𾪣ңԸ飬зֻܻһʱ
ʦ
ϵİɴ裬ɴ¶һ룬ֻӰƮư㣬˵ٶֻ֮ƻãͣཫס˵ע£ͽܵԾķϡֻͽӦһ䣬ˡ
޹ֻǳʵƽʦ̻֪롣ĪʦԼһɽһֱں棿ǽԼΪȫ
ҪԹԼ࣬ͱҫ׳ȦסȻڿշ䵽ҫߡ
½ɽǳŵص׷ϣԼҪԾݶҫ콫ӭ½ɽ׺ݵĿ⣬ɹסĽŲ
Ӫͳ˧½ɽ£
гҡһȫȻᡣ
ֻһ˲ѾͽܴݶʧӰûټĽȺ֮С
½ɽǿѹеŭƵƲĵغ±еϥ¹һ뵽޳Ʋȣȴûϵк밲ɲһĿǰվȨصƽСΪҫ֮Ǵӣڻǰһ״ɲġ½ɽǰ˼ţĬĬз۸״ͷȻ֪˼ʱڣҫѾȥ׷Ƕʦͽ
˺һʱ䣬˰ȫĵط޲ͣͽܣ쿴ơŰɴı飬
¡˵ΪͽĨҩ࣬ȡһ־ϵ˿ڴ
һֱ
޺ͽƵıǸһЦСһס֣ú˵ĿţΪʦ㣬Ͼһγţ㻹ˡ
ô
ʦüҪ˵ڡƭ˱ʧˡ
ҡҡͷ֮Դķһ˼ϣķ֮ƣȥŸպӡ֤Ľƽôһֻǰѿü书õ׷㣬֪϶ܰǡǸĹµ֤
˵⣬޲ɵ˵½ɽִ̫ķгɣҲħ̾ϢһýĻҪ򲻺ʦ𽻴ʦȻȱȴ޺֮ͬ¡
ʦͽ˵ô໰ҫŸû취޼ʹһҲٶȿ졣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ촭ŴĨѵøеġΣʩǴΣҲֱԷѹԱȥĸоǿѹݣǿĲ־Բһǰ㣬Ǻܶ㣡
ժ¶ңʩһ񣬡лλչˡ
ֱۡƯˣŵһѼ켤þҫ·ʹҡкϽ˵ļһôں
ϰ˱˴С֣ȴǵһαݲˣ޹ÿԾսͽܵ֡
㣬ϽģȢˣˮأָ޳л
ҫ켰ʱסûû죬ԷǸһЦ⣬ھͺá
ֱ㼺޷޲ƽѣҫ׼һ˫̶ֹס
ö治壡ʦһЩͣ͵û˵˵Ƕϰˡ
㲻û뵽ǣͷ΢Цƺȷʲô飬޹ԱͨԵҲ£ֻϧǲȥţ
ֹͣѣ۾ɵôģҫ죬ǵڶ׾ͿˡңܿԼǰ˾ȵſڽࡣҫ춼֣һ֡
ʦ˵ʲô
仯֮㻹ûѧպ㡣
ŶѹĥŸղŵЩʲôȥţ
ǣȴǣ벻ǣƾġ޵ĻȻǻشͽܣȴ˵ġ
ףлָ㡣ԼʾףϿлһ䵫ƾ֮ģԸοΪŬ
ȡһµľϻ͵ַûü͵ΪʦҪҪȥ죬ʦ͵
ʦҪȥģ
ʦ㣬·СġʦҪʦҪ졣ʱգʦҲ˵׼
֪ϸʣպľУô͸ʦֿʦأͽٲˡ
޸ͽһӵǲôСĺӳôߴ֪ˣǷŲ֡
ո쿴һĻסа˼伫ƷŪҵϱֱץΰܰ룬ֿߡ
֪λݿҪ
ȻѾ֪ǰǺݡ
쵱ȻһۿʦͽУ̴ǰȥ֣ëԼҺҺУеùİɣұͽܣ֤ԹͻԹԻɽ
˵ףɽȥô͸Ʒ˵ټû͹Էû̴ӦһѽҫקظƱһ£ҵĺܹܴˣ˫ȫȨǮڣʲôõģ
˼ǱȸղŸû⣬קŵҫֻͷ綷һһ˵öʲôʲôڲ֪ٴ룺ͷϵİ׷ҪӼͿʼͬԼڿʼͬ塣
һֱϺ󱣻˵ҫ⣬ͷչˣʤл
һˣӦõġô˵˵ʲôҫ쾡ƤĨȥϵĲԸƽдſ
ʹ˰ݱ𡣡ƮװӰǵҹĻƮɣ䣬Ӱʧ
ÿļƷϦԣǳմɵҲᷲĴ󶯰
ô˵㶯ˣҫ콫쳤ӻӿ뻳УһӵĴ⾡Աϡ
ôܣֶ޲Ϸ͹ˣ̯ľɫġطš
ڳҫ첻÷вȥʰ㡣
һԵٴξԼúڰúڰ˭̾˼͸Ҹϡ

 7 


Ӫڣ½ɽڴƢŲõͲ̶ڴˣһһ죬һͬС壬һСӣȴ޵ҧ뿪˵ķ䣬½ɽ޷޻ص鷿ȡꡣ
ŵֻѧǿͨûشķӣѧ书ֻܶԸ겻ӹµһĸˣ޴ȡķӴ˷ϰԹ͡һγǼĥѡƾʲô赲ǰ̣Ŭջ
飬ִԲ򡣡
½ɽһ˫ĿŲ֪ʱˡ㣡ô뷴ڣ
޿ֻϧͬӰԭڼͻȻͣ½ɽǰ£ʳָָ½ɽüģ½ɽеһɾԼ°ֻûȥ
Աִʹݸ֪㣬޺ͬﲻģȥ书ʦš
ҪҪȥҵ书֪в½ɽġ
һΣҲ׷ķΪƣȴ֪ڸģħ˴ξĲˡ
ƻ㣡㣡½ɽƴֱԸͬʱ󣬡ڵһУѪսɳģٿһΣҪ书Ҿٷˣ
޿ӣɲת뵽ͽΪԼˣ½ɽֶμͬͬźҲֻ֮ģɢš
½ɽȫĹ죬֪ɢ߾ʹޱȣھҵʹУ
˲˹ıɱ͢ﵱ㲻ú㡭
Ҳûкˣɢ֮ҪղѣʱǷˡ޸̱ڵص½ɽʰơ
ⱾһԸ
˵Ǿ͵ϢŻصջʰȥ峽ΪʲôΪҪȥķǱߡ
һҪ౨ӪһҵøͨûȰ½ɽξ۽֮½ɽҲҶײϣðŴŭյΣո״
Դзâ֮ԼҵĺȻ̾ĪԵʵѿ⡣
Ҿ˵ġ԰š
˺Ĭزᡣ
ҫڽӴүרŹתơ뿪峽࣬΢Щı䡣ºȾơ֪ˣĴӦסԺ˵ĶҲߣ޼ҵϣչ䣬ǻݹҵļ̳ˣֻһŮߡ
ĴӣδݹҵĹͬĶӺŮлҪ֪Լˡ
Ӧţѵˣƽ֡
ʲô
塣̾ϢЦ㲻ڵʱ˺ܶ¡
ʾ£ԼҲֱ۴ڵͰʯϣ¡
ʦ˵Ҳ죬졣
Ҳס
ľΪ࣬˱Լŵˮˮ֮Ůˮѣѳ
⣡Ըʵ
ɵǣҵ굽ϣʦ˵ģҺͨոȥȴ︴
ôܣ
ŲţǷˡ塭Կ⡣
ô
ϲľ졣֪ǳüȥݿӵòͻף˵ʮҲ߷֣˫̥Ů֣䣬㣬׷ǾӡǾӵ˼
˹ó񣬳Ĭŵȴġ
Ϊ飬ֻʫûһ书ƾıԣ䣬ҵǻƵۡҵȻǷĽȴĲ£ңãҪҫ
ò͵͵вһΡҳ㡱飬Ļϡϡϡ顣
ѽһ˵Щ˹Ӿͷÿ춼Ҫϳ۵ѣ϶ǰ˥ϵģϴʹĻȢ̫ؼʲô𣡡
Ȼϸ΢鶯ʹһָؿڣ桭
Ǽ٣ҫҲһܻطϢ
ʲô飬
У˵˵¶ѡ
Һʲôϴ̫֮ġѾвˣٲ˵ʵ͵Ƶ˼
ֻǸҳ˵˵˿ڣԺ治ʶ
Ǻãһߣϵʡҫ콫챧ȥ
ϣŬ룬еôһССĴ⣬ʲô
Һ㶼ûǲ޷㣬ϵòӢˣ
ڰ˻ԳЦ
ҫ첻ĵ꽫˷ŵѹ£ôǻǺþû۰㵼¾ʣԵʡ
ЦԶԣɹҫתΪңǻ֤һ£ǹʣ
þûܵ뻶֮Сİ·ҲڻΪ質š
һҪڳϲſϳţôҪţŪҫ쵹ǺڣݲŪ챧ϳ
ҲãܶһЩ·дۻ׼
뱧Ű˯ĳëè
ء
뱧˯
Ͷ˵
ôѣҫ춼Ӧ硣ǰٶ˵ĶԻϰ֮Ҳˡ
ǰ÷򣬻Ҫȥʵģ޻һ
£¹ۣй˷ڶ֮͵ұ򡣡شҲǼ򵥲¡
ұغӶȥǾ͵ˣҪҪȥĵܵܺð
ҫʵܲԸ棬֪Щ£޷⣬һ΢ֿ꣬Ժ˵ľ£ȥ
ܸÿΰɣӱҲǰ취ҵǴˣϣҡСˡ쵱Ȼ֪ҫĽ⣬ʾ⣬ǰԥҪƲҫģֻĬ
ҿɲС綼ҡվãҲֶΣͲ֪Ƿɡ
ȵ罫׶Ϊ˽뿪ȵͬĸ飬֦ҫΪı۷ҲΪĳռĸеΡ
ûʲôӡֻ֪ھŻӰ룬δı»еľγ֮šһ˵֮顣
˽͵˳ݡû뵽һڵλɽϵİٲ԰ȥˣ˳žۡ˾ɽˣʡȥ˰ݷۡܿһ˵鷳
ݷǲ̫ˣſǽͷϣѰ˼ѵ˽լô
Ҫ͵ȻͻȻֲܸ˾ϲĿֳϲкȥ
עһƽҫʵڰˬ
쿴쿴СһÿɰǽͷˣǶ̥áҲҪС
˼ûĶӣ
ô嶼ģԭ븽͵Ļ̻ȥȷʵܿɰ
ţҷԴӽݽϾðһζ
ҫ쳶ƽƤôԣʡʱȥܵСǰҲŵ˼ҡ
Сһʲô
󵨣ƺˣСŮһһָ죬磬лˣ
Ȱҧ׼Ҿ͸˭콫СŮ޳ţС˵ô˧Ļô
磬˧ŶСŮתĴۺȻϵҪÿأЩ񣬲Ի˺øС
ҫҲǽ߹ҫ컹ӡ͸ʱһ棬ֶλ밲˵תö
ãŻʺá
⺢ӵûȴ֪˭һѹСԴżϸò
λ壬Ҹ׺ĸ鷿λ˭ͷԼİꡣ
ˣ˵赭дȴЩнǶ֮󣬵һμԼѪԵϵֵܡ
ҽ񡭡
ҫ찴סļ磬Ϳˡ
磬λ壬һע˹Ҽ̳˵ˣܵĽε;ѾǸСˣ鴦þ
ڽޡ峾һ˽ʱû̧ͷӵ֣һ˱ʰ衣
ʲô£
;Ż嵽ˡߵĸߣͷ˳㿴˿ֽϻһˮɡһ٣߻һ
߸硣콫ֶŮ£ҫ֣ǰһ
峾ǳЦʷڱʼϣɷֱۣתǷ˼һȻ޻ϲҲޱˣѹȸУһת߶Ŀϡ
λǣ
ڽСѣ֮񡣡١
޵ͽܡ
һЩΣЦţ֪°
Ŀתҫ죬üƺѯʲôֻҫĬϰ㴹ջĿ⣬ɫ˵ӺŮǵȥ
еҹӪȸһ״Ū½ɽưͿ½ɽѾˡλһʣɢǹѹȸзԽԽŨء
ҹ״һһָôأŪǹ٣
书˷ˣñʵûУӴġ촵űеĲˮһڣʼĩ渵ԶǸһоյ
ѵʦŤͷ
Ҳ֪ǲǣʦ˽⣬ôôҲ֪
ˣø㡣ȡһµĺӣݸ죬뻹ǵݸҫ죬ŰɣŪ
ʲôţ򿪿
ѩ裬ԵġϸХ͹ġ˵Ǹˣ취ҵת³˲յ֣ˣĩβƫͷȥû˿ı顣
ллû뵽ХôԼתһ룬񲻶ԣХ񾭱֣϶
һʱ޻˵ҶĬתתЩ²졣
ҫ죬ȳȥл˵
ȥһյ£յĳȴֶһ£
ҫ룬ҲԼʲô´뿪鷿
ϵţȴãȿڡ
лһֱҵơ
Х졣䣬һ˵Ŀ
֪㡣Хûϸ˼һֻǵó˷˵ʹ죬ʲô׵Ժȥ
ϰͬϤԼļıһЦзֹȶҡ÷⡣
ĬһͻȻǽϴľ֣ȴѹѵɬɵñ˫ۣüšһ
ǰӲסӷθһ̾΢΢ƫͷдЩ΢ɬرĵ⣬ò˵Ļֱ³
ܴΪõϲҡ
Աô
ԻȻעתϸ˸ΪƸΪꡢ׺ɽˣ˿̴ͬκ˶ûп
촹䵹һ֪ģҲ
һƷλ׷䣬Ȼ
ΪЩʲôҲġʹ߳ĳĬȻε⣬ıЩΣߵЦ淢ˡ
˵ģ㲻䵭ϬҪ̸УʮѲĶ֡
ҡֹΪʲôأȥ޷أ޷衣ѣĲ֪ôȰźá
ỷסѾסˡ
С˽ʹңҲֻһΣֻǣһξͿԡ
Уϵȴ쳣ᶨ˵ϣȻף죬Ըһһʵ֣ΪѾ죬дҪ
ûƿ졣ЩԵЩȴܣʹǽץŲţٴҲΪ
Զ౧һ͵ռ帶һݳɡ
ˮԼĽŻĽΪԼսĪʦΪԼ˽ǷµģԼǷµģծܱȲҪáҫ⣬ƽϵġ

 8 


˺ܶ£ԺĺĻѩٵ̽ʹѱĽ䡣ֱһ⣬ХȥıһݾΥİο
лö࣬Լ۹
Ǹü۷ֶκݾȴ˺ǡ׷ǽ߾׷ŵϧ
ҲԼŶԡ
컺֣ӭ϶Էֿ˫ۣĳӦ򿪡ûԼȻһ㣬켸ЩվȣһʱֻÿЦ
ѹһֱЩԭܿңԼ±һеء
£ΪҲΪ࣬Լʹ˵ʹúÿӣĺǣװ˭
кᣬڴϣͷͣͣ侲ƣȻ߽⡣
ΪԼˣĴҪѹѵԼϡԹȵ۽ߣôɣ㶼ĥԼ֪ôأ
һֱΪԼȴԼȻһʱڸתһǡڵļʪأľԹᾹղ
ƴԼƴˣǰҲŶġ
ΪԸδļʺ˼ĳңһԼ˴أԾǿ
Ҳܰ㡣
Ĵ߸ƽֱûгϡӵİݺӶȴ˸Ǹ֣ĨƽȥϻʹʲôʣǻɡôҲΪˡ
˵ҫ뿪鷿ʱǸͥԺźӵĹ峾ΪŮ峾Ϊ˲ʧȥʳӸȥȻףպðиҫտ
ƽҪѧϰĶ̫࣬ûжʱˣѵɽǽΪĹ䱻游ɽϢʮյĻᣬһ˲ŵ֮֡һˣڹĽҪѧϰ¶Ѿźˡ֮ӣעͱƹټҵεļ̳ˣûͬ٭ĻᡣΨһãΪʮһûزĻʼҹܹעͬʱҲʧȥˣɡ
Ҫȥˡ㿿ϣŸ֣ȥһҪϰѧѧ壬ѧ裬Ǳ߿϶һºҪֶ׼ˡҲȥ죬Сһｫϲ
Ƚ϶µĹ䷴ãҪԣǼΨһҪŵĹŶʱϸ϶ΪٰףģҪģΪÿɰĹ
ҲŲҪ󣬲֪ʵ۸ָ˭ϲȥץڷŶƨƨҪˡССͣѾӰ죬ʼǸӵ顣Իõ˳ɳеķգȫкʽ뷨֪ǲͶ̥Ÿָϵı룬һ࣬ȥͳء
䲻Ϊ⣬۾һתʼתƻ⡣ƽնѧʲô
ŵܵ˵ķգΪԼǹฺ۵еСɽϵȻ򵥣ȴʣʦǿѧʲô˳ԸѧʲôͽʲôСͼɵԼԼԼȥ͵ȥ͵ˣͲҪô۰ʦǵ۵˵ܹѧɵ£չ˵΢
飬ϰ֣ѧ̣ʦѧܶܶĶ
ףôȤҺ͸綼ûѧ书أѧŶһͬġ
ѧʲôʦͽʲôʱ·ˣʦҲ˵ʲôֻЦЦ˵ϲܻȥѧġ
ۣҲҪʦҫϥ˵ϣͷţʦøҺòã
ãɽݣסãáȻҲĶֲҪǺֵܹġǻʼŮҪעⲻư衣
ҫԹϲ΢Цʾ䷴Щ˼УֻҪʹﵽҪĽνˣ⣬޷ǾǰҪܳɽ
ͷϴϲ˵ʲôСҲ˵Լʧǰŷһ˵
ãҪȥôˣҴòá
ŶðŶˡ㻶ϲ֣§ĲӣһǡͻǾٶŪЩ㱣Ǳ㣬Ӧǣյֻʶ
ҫ쿴Ҳһڴţ㡣
һΣǰ¶˺ʽĿЦݡһԺȥ֪ǱˣͯδСʩչṦһ·ǽϷŵҫ쿴ǴеĿӣҲúʧȥʱҫ컻ƥϴǰͽˡ
һֽӱǰһ֣š˷ܵ㵸һҲϰ˵СӷˣǶԴ˵Ŀ̡ŵرȥʱ˿̣ζʦĹػǶôܵԼࡣҪʲôûʹʦԸⲻԸ⣬Ҳû᲻ʦе鷳ʦһƢĺӣԻŲµԼж˼ɡ
ҫ쵹ǺϾؽ̵Ź֪ʶ
Ҫ˽֪ϲʲôʲôôԼԼǺѧʵġ
ôһ˫СַҫԼϵֱۣͷšǸ͵ĺӦеı鰡
ϲҲ˵ͨô͹׽ļˡţţƢ˶Ÿء˵Цɻ⣬Ļȴҫϧͷĸп
ûпⷽ顣ͷĺӵЩįЩź
ڰٲ԰ĵطһСȦѾ쵽Ŵˣҫ쿴˿С˵㣬ǣһԲЦ϶ҪźܵҲĵطŻɡ
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Ż壬ǰŻڻʹڷ߱ڣҲ˵ϣıɱʥϵ
Ǹ׺ҲкøУܻãû뵽ô棬ôӡ
ҸϲڹļУ͹˭˾Ż壬˵⡣
ҫûнӿڣźӷԱߵͷðС̽ظسһƽˡ
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˷ܵףúŶһ˵꣬뵽ʲôҪڵǿ̻ȥ
ײһ죬ʹɫ˼˵ô㷴Ӧ
Ȼ֣ŮԼȻнԻõ⣬վáŮʱֻйغԼôʱǺһ꾫֡Ůűѯʡ
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ģͿ쵽ѧˣʱ򣬸⣬һѧ
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ôģȺӳࡣ
Щ˼һΪ뵽ʦ࣬һΪԼǱ֪չСӻô¡
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Ҳô˵ܻͶ̥ʱˣ˿ǡ
ֲСŮ˵ݾ֡ӵһ˫֣۲Ĺܺ벻䣬̫ǿͿԡ
ףѵøһ΢ЦԼȥ͸ȥݣˡŮԺȥ
Сûк͸ĸһΪӣ˶ΪǽĻʵۣΧĶǽҪµʹӣ˵Ҷ˵ЦŪǷԽ֮һĻ£пʦô˵һ¡˱Ƚϣζ谮簮ĲʦǱ簮Ҫĸɡ
ʮ꣬ķĽҪʱ̣ûʦ飬ֻ⿴֡ͻȻһǰһ˽𳤵ڲϡ
ִɣӦӵĽˡ½ɽеСŪۣʹʹг
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޻ȺˣŵϢķǱķҪѧ书ķһһѭ򽥽ÿһ㶼жӦ书ϣศɡ
˵ϻûУ
ҪϵǷѧɡ
ȷ꣬ȴš
ķһ㣬书һ㣬ķֻʱͿѧ֮ศ书ָ㣬ڻͨǰǣǱķ޷߶ʽġ
ǾȽķǡѧˣ̡
ΪϢӿûܼʱӦ½ɽһĲϳһѪߡ
𣡱˺ҴӦ㡣ֻϱһƵģȫеĸѪעϣ񿴵ˣֱԼʹܣϷˮһɣϥһϥһѪĨȥߵѪմѪָָʯϵĺӣպ߿ƣȥΪҾᷴڣΥţǣѡȡдķ
½ɽˣеȥƣеĽݷұīֽţǿ£ǲдķʰϣǿʹչüĿĺӣеļңһ𣬳ƽЦݣ
ҾˣԸҲǴ´ࡣ
īδɵֽ½ɽĵôķǼٵģ
ʮΣһ֣ƾ㴦á
ʱģظʱ򲻳½ɽʾ
ʮ鱳꣬Ȼһֲ½ɽŷſˣִʴպǷɻڴĶ顣
˵ʦߣкᣬѹһǻĳŭ档
޼ѵؽ§סΪ֪ŷġ
߸˻࿴˿ɽȥ
ʦôˣ۵ݴ
ʦȥȪô
áһĨǿʣһŬðСʦӴԺҪ书ԼáҲǴǸʱʼССżҹͻȻѣȻںڰжʦգ͵͵ʦͳӣһָͷſٴ˯ȥʦͲʧƵġ
磬Բ˰ôſӲſϣͷӸ첲·ȥ
еԣһ統Լϰϳ¶ѵõ΢ЦأҲûԷ
ѾԱŶŮҪעԳ̫֣û˧ϲˡСѾͷ龫
һҲɰġһѧʦι
Ҿٳһ顣һؼңҺòãҪǴңҴ
ˡôǸһ첻ܵű͡ҫµع۲ţʱһЩ졣ǱλõӼвˣ峾ɵЦ磬жĨۣҲȰɷһЩͬԸʹһֱྴȱ˶ӦеǷĭԵЩβ

 9 


뿪ݺһֱܳĬʱԶ񣬲ô໰ȱٵʲôеֵǣʮ鷿﾿ʲô£ȴտڲʡ
ʦסɽһ·ֻ̣кůڵı֮أʱǲľɳʱڡÿµ¼䣬ذʮæµʮ֮ﱻѩǣֱ²Żữɽһϡ٣ɽΨһİİΪ弯еｻ׻ŵάġƽʦҲɽﹺʳεƷ
ôĵطôԵطĽܣٿԶưѩɽ壬ֱ䡣ʦͽɽ϶ʲôҶ
ųҶءһۣʦĶɶˣѰҵһܷĸɽϿȣԭΪȪĹϵľïʦͨɽеˮˮȡůֲ߲ˡΪһӸ޹ֵɽ
ôԽԽȤˡڿסĵطģȥԴһרżƥ䣬ҲΪṩ衣ʦͨҽżɽ˳Ϊβ˽ƥȥЩΡͺͲҶɽȥ
˰գɽУϿȹַԽɽϢһ󣬴Լ˰ʱ㵽Ŀĵˡ
ܵɽѩɽڰɽϿٲȻһů¶Ȫˮϸˮˮ£ҲǺȣָպøе¶ȡϴĻܻе
᫵С·ߣһСƬԴߴűɽͱڵ𣬾͵ʦͽסĵطľֺ࣬Ժդֲʱ̣Ϧÿţ׵ĻҶĳ·ˮ顣٣Ǿޱ٣·Ѿդһ֣Կ˾޼ǡ
ԺеʯԳ˼ʳָűʹתǰĻֽһƬףȻûҪݡ绨侲Ű㾲ŵ鷢˸ı䣬Цһ紺ˮ
ˡ
ʦӭüϤϢճĿ
ͽֻ̫ܿվĿʺ
һ·࣬ªҪλˡ
治ܣôҵģ
ٵʱ򾭳ͬʦɽҩͽ£еˮݸˡ
ѹ֣ס죬ôԼˣ첻¡
ҫ쿴һӲҪ͵̬ȣæû˵Ҫסµ°
˵˰ ŤͷӦ˳кҲ£ʵҪҪǼӣҲסºˡ
ʲô
ôˣ޶ļҷԸе⡣
֮Уһ仰仰˵壬ܽʽԣ飬顣
Сʦû˵ʲô㼤ʲô
ȷⲻһʱѪҫܾ׽ŪĳɷָЩ
˸֪Եı飬ţܣ˭֪ء
ʦˡ
ôδܻһ죬ϸϸŸüǵӲǡ
Ťţ׽Ūң
ѣ
˭ݣ
ŶҵġĿڣǿŵƸһĲࡣ
ô˵ĳ޻֪Լͽܣָһʵĺ󣬡ʦ׼ȥɡ
á£צӵСèԹԸʦˡ
ĿʦͽֹסЦָĦ°ͣôϷô
ôޱͽܻ֪ҫò˼飬͵ĳ˸ӵ˴۾
޴໰ô
֪־磬Բܹﵽġҫ²ţ黹òܶڹĪϵ
ͻȻ뵽ʩʸ˵ĸоͬΨһһʩʵļ棬Ʈ죬Դ⡣
ҲûиۣԷʱ⡣
Ӻر
Һͳ죬ķĹϵŵķķ룬벻ԼǰˡŮ˾վӣûжԾԼźʹ磬ֻǴСʦɵϰߡ˵˵Ҳ޷ķĵһѹأΪҪıԣķҪּ϶Ϊһʱͻᷢı䣬߲ʱ򣬾ˡҲķƵ
ʶʩôҧſӣŬЩӵĶ
޵һ¶ȵı飬ûлش𣬶Ƿʣ
쿴ͷԷóҧŵĿӣһϵʩǽš
æ¿еķˣô֪
ﰡ
ᵽĸ׾ֺĴϻۣĺݶľ飬ļįȫൽһֻ֮һ
ӡУĸ޷ĴڣȸʸԴԣĿʹüңȴƲۣǲôľ飬ûνԡûɵ£ֻ£ȻһжԴڼį޷׷ĸĽŲʽŽįסԼͯܵ˺ĸ׶ͬʱҲѵԲ˺ֹǧˮųҰֳǼйء
ס֣˼ֻǳҡҡͷѡ˵Ҫȥ룬˵⣬߱ʲôöֻ֪ȻƽдʹС
üĿǲΪʲôôʣ
ȫһ͸èһ֪ĺڶ޷üա
ʦҵʦʦͬŵʦá
Ŷѹ֡
졢ءˣʦѡ֮ġ콣طھңʽѸ͡ҵʦѡ˵ġ񹦷ֿԼµɣѡ֮ڵӡ
ΪʲôĸʺŮ˵书ǿ帽ա
Цø⺬Ϊʦʦˡ
ۡһڽĵĴľȻӰɣ̫˰ɡ
ҫѾϰֶУֲ֣ԣ롣
ǲ˼ûпֻꡣ޴ǸšԼûгԷҪͽܳС˼£˵һ˶Ծ¡
ʮ壬ʩԼ۽йۼ档
ǰɣ˵ܲٲܲٵ
һأĵУķˣ۽йۼ̫ʦ档ʩʮǰɣ֪ҵʦǰҵķɣʦʦɽŸԼھʮ۽һᡣ
ҫ죬ҲȥŤͷҫ֣ԡ
ҪǴ֣ʮƥȥҫҲȻԷҲЧʡҲܺʩˡ
Ǳ̳ˡҾ֪ġ飬˫Ŵȥ
ҺȻ뵽һ£ϿǸľʲôõģֵԷȻղ졣
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Ŷһ֣ѵǴͨ˳ôйء׽ŷ˵ź첻Ļ
ǰֻΧģ֮Сɽȣͳ˼ҵĻ԰޼˲ˣϲǱ䣬˵ĻŽ͵ûͽҲһ伥ˡ
Ҿ͸˵ʲôȱ㻹š
ǣͷʶ̡ʦͷŶûиӣô۸ģ߹հƾͰ;
ûôģ
ƽգֻҺͽ˵˶ûС
˵ͺܿˣǲǰ
ۼšɫĿȫУεסаҫ쵣Ҫ裬òУ㲻һ·ϳҪȪϿԷ
Ŷԡȫͷԣ￼һȻȪ
Էҫд˱⡣ԹԼķó˼·ϴ裬߽ʦķ䡣ѾˣͻȻסһĿںֻСڶͼרעûʲôǸղŵ̸죬µͼڻ
վĬĬţ޻꣬ͽ¶һЦøһͲͼɽӣһ˺һӡ
ң
ü۲ͣĨ޵̿ͽܹȻϲ
Ǹռʱ򡣡
ϸϸŻϵԭСʱԼʦӵġϵĽ֮鱻̻˿˿ۡһۿʦʱϲʦ
޼ôϲûд뵽϶ˣ㽫̺á
Ϣɣһֱڸ·Ӧúˡ
ʦźãϴ£ղú˯ص֮󣬻ĸоңϻʦϢӣš
ޱȡھͿʼֵ̣İҹϴϢŪѾ˯ŵգϴϱӣֱϥţһ˿ǰ¡
ɽȪҫһ´档
ڵĿȵȵȣһֱûңû˵˵¡
ҫֹͣ°Ϳļϣ˵
ӦѾʲôǶõģҸҲǸˡԶǡУ첦ǰˮϸ飬ӳ
Ϸ֣
˽ü΢信ޱ顣
ˣʮ꣬꣬ʱȣǲһִ֣ڹȥ޲Ǵˣá
ҫ첻Żôɼ򵥣ľй֮޲׷Ź̸֮
ûô
ֲ书ֻҰôЦп࣬ѵõԣҡҡͷ
̫ҫ쵱Ȼ֪ЩҲ֪㡣᲻ġ
ǲģҲԭ򣬲ԾǲԣԭԽƧˣڹؼϾˮ
ҵġţҫĿԵּ
һ̶ֳȣ㲻⡣оսüŵƤѾ뵽˵ķӦ
ҫ
д·ֲǹţΪ˰Է컹˵ͬʱŸϵ֡
ûɱˣϷʵ٩̲¡
УұŮ˱ŵʱ㶼ûôĴ׾첻ÿľָ׼ȷҫüģšġ֣ȻϱԹָ࿪
Ҳ˼ƽϣҡҫס죬ʧƵģǾŵǷµծΪֳҲƲΡ
Ҫ󿴣ҴȥҽСѧ䣬ǣȥȽϺʡ
һһסǼң
һȥĻʱɣν
ҫŻͱ飬̸һ䣬ȴѾõռȫ˼¶ȽͣˮŨأУһ崫޷塣

 10 


ڱɽ﷢֣кܶ໰ʦ˵ȴһʱ֪Ӻ˵Ťͷרע鱾ʦԱ͵ƵĹ⾭ˮֵķ䣬Եñͨ͵ҪλƵĹǰűӵ
޷飬еô˯
ʦûоչǼ飿Ȼ֪Ļ
޿˿ͷһ룬ݸȴǰ鴦˵һУǲϵҪڱϣɱ˵ĴӳճĴڡû֮ǰΪʦֻԼΪʦʵǸˣȴûм֮ˣˣʦ˼֮һһ㳤󣬾;øһжۻԽԽ࣬㣬ܿӵеһСͳʵҪġ
ȫ˵ĵͷʦƽϣʦе档Сʱеϰߣ˿Ծر˳ȥ˻ݣһҡ
Ŷʲôˣ
Ĵڻʹڼҵһ˫̥кǸ磬Ůá
ʲô֣
й䣬õĽ㡣ӱܵúϡһǽҪ̳йҲҵļ̳ˣ˵ʱΪܵŮڶӸҵ̳ˡǺӴСͱѧϰΪǹĹϵᱻָܵĽǿĿ࣬ûˣʱ䡣һ˵ô࣬̾ϢһʮǰңҲǱšҶ֪Լϰߵġ
泯ϣŴʶʦַظϣǵþŻҵʱҾ޵ĴϣܵĻΧ£ɣžİƵײ·𱻻뿪һĺƫƫڸȷģ壬ȥҲ֪ǵںʲôֻнŲرԽԽԶûҪܣΪʲôҪأѾôԶй𣬾㵽ߣ˭ʹϲϲԴûиоµ˭ϱңҵ˵أ˭һĻи飿
ƹҡҷţ޷е飬ӣָ˳յȥ˸⣬רעƺǸȼųҹۺļį뱯ˡ
㸸һ赣ԭõģû뵽赵ָҵ֮УעԵ֡
صڸյϣһֳֻӿʦʦĿϣĻֵҵĺӣʦ
Ŀůůģһֱʦ÷ĸǻԼѡĵ·ԥٴѡʦҪ̹ۡҲҪʳҪΪʵΪĸ߹ݡ
ɤͻȻɣʵĶʹúỬôһʦĴһ»е𡣾ڷգʦϽʦ·
֪ͽ̫ܲԼĸ飬ûгά΢Ц߱Ӹϣ̣С
˵ȫɸ֧ŴḶ́ôһ̵϶·ꡣ֪µ·꣬Ĺ켣Ÿָת۸ı䣬Ŀĵн
۽ڵ̫ɽԭķʥأɽϵʢʼҵҲڴˡȻҲ֮ЩʵǵҪ֮أһ˶òطԵú徻ЩطҲʵ֮õ޳
ǰ·죬ҫں档ЩطǴֱͱڣµ٣ҵʱסߣµ̨Ϊ̦޺ĹϵȽʪҪ񡣴Ͽ޾һֻƶҡϣӯƮݡˣϵɽЩˡҺôɽʼɽϵĶѨʱɽʱͱϵףѨͱϵ¥̨Ӧ΢СĵֻʮСˮĳأͨµĵˮɽĵк͵һʯͷ裬˵ЩʯɽȻһĽṹ˵˺һ˼롣
۽ɽйۣеʿֻˡǰ޵ʦʩʵʦʦеĵطӵ۴ŵ̨״ĿԶƺܵɽ֮䷭ӿƻֺ롣Ĵ۴ϵͭһֻ֨ѽһŴ򿪡
Էʩһ񣬡ǰ档
ʿӹƣ˽š᷿Уվѵʩ߳󣬸ˡһӣţȻıһŮӡ
ҫڿŮʱɫ䡣ŮӲǱˣѾȥľʩû뵽죬΢΢㲻ٿһ˺Ĭͬʱƣʦ
ŮӵĿûʲôرɨߵӣףʲôʱܹɽ
ʦ׾ܴɽˡ
ҪҲ书ͺˣԴɽ棬ƣ쵽ڣײûУָ徻
ӰһЦɽʱһҪһ¡ѵóԭһΣӦһӡ
Ҳʩʩͷӵĸ첲ϣһ㣬ֹ̬ʮŮһ㣬òҲûκθı䣬Ȼ統ǡ
ҫ챻һһĹţҲ˵ŮӿǾ͸ûһĹ̬ȣǸӮʩôȫ书շģǿԼüѣ˵ҪűɽǴ书ˣ
ĸ治࣬ǵòĵģ˿һöŮӣƤȫ֪ʲôźá
ʩʩڸױȻԵãǱߵͷСͶԼƣСߵҲһó˵۹ԼϵЦʧ䱸ؿǣһЩ
еֵǣ˵ĴŵĶӣȴСǸС˧Ŀ⣬ԷڴԼʲôӦȿֻšԽԽϧſ׵֣ߵкǰ
ţԷԼ߳һͷֹվֻ̫ͷָԼҽʩʩ˵Ҫʱ˵ȱԼĲŽò˵
ϲʶң콫ͷչȥ֪𰸡
Էһۣ죬ûòǵһμ棬ҼȻʶ㣬ôʶңʶңҲʶ£ҲӦȱ
ҡָԼҪǰҫסʾ԰ꡣ
ǲ㻹ûʲô֣ʩʩҲ죬ڰֻ֣˸˵һζȻ
ҽУҽУ˵꣬һЩʵС
誡ʩʩһһͷ˽һͷĻţüƾٵǰԵ𣿲ǵĻдҺòã
ָ֣д¡֣͵ǽĽ
Ŷܺõ֣źҲáҸĸ̫ǵպϵһ͵ҵˡ·ֱԹһ˫С½ǰͷš
аĸף޷ǰǸĿĸصһ
Ҳ̲סļ磬֪֪˭
ʩʩشȻ˵ǰ׳
ǡ
Ż壡һֹ졣ǰĸױһ޹С㶿
컷ƫͷлȥʩʩǰ׳յûسԼʱ㵹ǳ
ʩʩһĸСļƳװͰ͵ؽѵҲ۸
٣˼Ťͷĳһֱһ°ʹʩʩ˵ʲô̼
ҫ컺ȴᶨҡͷȫûͷľȫʧȥյļ䣬·ͣŮʱ֣ӦԴѪԵԡҲǾҲʩʩıԣֲʧƤɰ
ʩʩʱ˿Ҳ֣ΪʲôδıĴккøУ뱣Ǻܾǰʶĵӿһ޵ĸоɿ֣еķңתŷ۲Լ죬΢΢ŵԴԷ䴹µ鴮ڶţĴӳԽԵˡ
ššʲôĺ﷭ֺɳһģǰסɳʱĳֽɵ䣬ʹԽԽ
췢죬һջ̽Ŀ⡣һƽģԼ̵ļ䡣
ʩʩǰһڳĺʹɳͻȻ۾ϵʩʵĻһидʧָƽˮ
ʩʽŮ̧۶˵˷ǣתƣѲҪ飬һƽϣʹ˱ɺã
ѪԵԼȴֻܸоȻŮӣԻش֪һھټ
޽ӵĿ⣬ͷƹһνĸ׵ա
ౣء
ʩͷĵȱҲһûи¶ŵ΢Ц
ء
ɷӣ׵䡰ء뿪йۣʧƺС
вʧ䣬Ȼܺĸط꣬Լٿѣ񣬿ǳ羫ֻнףĬĬͳ
ø첲һҫ죬˰
ҫüб˵껰һ̾ʹڼͷ֣ʣиõ飿
ƲƲ죬Ҳùܡ
Ҿ֪ҫ조ߡЦһҲдģ˳ȻҲ
ָۣסȡЦ˳ԶѽѽѧͨˡҼǵĳǰ¶ҪŸ߬ͷ
󡾹Ȼܺͷϵ뵽ɽ³ԵķʨͷЩʨͷȣĳȥʪճİŻ
ɽʱ޻ΪΪɽ¿ѣ֢ɽ·ݣûеҫϣһ·ƲӰûɽ·С
ѽѽ˾Ǹˣ㿴˼ңŴȥ쿮̾ˣҫһСɽ
һֱסڳԷۡһֱסɽϣƽΪϰɽ·ҫ̾Ϣĺ֪ɽʱͷǵĲͬɽεı仯ָƣءǲ۲촦Сġ
ŶҲԣҪϰˣǰʮ̫Ҳһһߵÿ찡
ʮգҫԼʮ껹´߳žͺܲˡ
ɽ󣬻صͶ޵Ŀջ룬쳰Ц
û뵽ָߣװģʦ㰡
ûصһۣＷһʶʨͷ

ͷۣúģҸһܸ˰ɡԹ񣬼ſήҲеĶ³ȥˣ̲סðˮ
㲻ΪʨͷǶĸͷɵİɣ
ٴθŻţܱܲ˵Ǹˣ
ҫ춼еˣֲظӦθԵʨͷࡣ
֪ðĲӬ˷ɣͼ͸Ƽ̵ա
ոնˮûղŵĶԻˮıˣΪʦǿҲɽȥ
Ҳ̧ͷͷѹڸϵֱϣڰ֣һӿˮһָ겻ɢ죬˵˺Σʱ̵󣬡˭ܰȥ
ҫȻ̫Ѩֽ쾾Ŵߣ·Ͼ棬ʱҾ͸ÿ
ͷۻ³ǻû˵ʺɶըԡֻ첻Ըر죬˭ҫûÿأΪ˷ߣѰ

 11 

ʮ
ȵˮˣεθҲֹͣ޷ɵϢšݹˮëȥϵı
Щ𣿡
šӦһ޾ɵ˫ۣ̾ëˡ
޽ëŻȥڴߵһǵɽĺѩܺգǰŪæҡ
ǰڹֻԶԶؿڶһѩѾɾˡݶϵѩֻܿͻȻҰһᱻѵ⣬κСӶġ
յò˯ֿ֣˵ֱҪŻʦˡǶ£в
ɽϵǺӦΪȫʹű仵뵽ԼڱûҪĺӣӵİĵطѹÿ޸ͣһҲҪҲҪһ߿ܳҩʲôڸԼû˭վԼһߡҩ򷭺ֻٰһ룬ҩŪʱѾʼ˵ˡ
ˡһ볶ϵ·һߵţӱſµĶ
֪ǱӻоȳġڷգѬĸо࣬ļЩҡ˵ʲô⵽ûȥ
ʣҪɱ𣿸ʣʣѹ˺ѷΰʹţһһ顣
ĸֻ뵱ŮʵۣҪܵܵģǣ̼ˮ£Ϊ鼤˾Ρ
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ʣҭſȻԵ֢״߶˫ס
Ż壬յúһ𡭡𡭡ȥȥأʲˣĸң˭ҪңȥΪʲô˵϶ԽԽ
ԼԶȺ֪Ҫôźá鼱֮У´ҧƣʹһǡԥ룬һҩ֭ӡϺӵġιȫҩڰ˯ӽ賿ʱѾ֪ҪˮˡֻһһٽˮιӡһһҹĸˡһЩ࣬ι꺢ӣԼҲһЩϴźӺ˯¡
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ɫöˡ
ӣˣŵŪġ
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ŷɫıߣܵʧһ㣬ֻõԼǱ˴˽ܸоԷĺĿӣȴԼ·ֻеĶԷ䣬ֹһĸоʱ䶼ͣ½Ų
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ͺӡؿ˴𶯴ݵԷϡ
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޾Ĭ·ǲһ˼ʲôհļ¶ݳͶĺһöʯӣΪӦҲһ˿ƵĺۼΪλͷȻԿǸоḧĿڣƫͷζͷļ¶оеδйİʵ·ͻȻһҪĶһöʵųķ
ʦôˣǴˣûʦŵؽ§סһΪոɽۣ¾˸
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޵Լϣкᣬʱ˵Ҫ֮ĻȥɽͶʦ档¼ˣʱҹﾪѣǲǺúõġ
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Բչ˵˲֪صĻЩöԺ˵ǡ
Һǵ̰ġеɱһȴ޷֡
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СûбʦעӣЩĻţվ˵ʵľ룬ȴʦѵʾ
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ͷûֻǼ˷ĳ𣬾Ͱû⡣
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ʦһƬġ
Ȱο֮ʣȴ̶ĵĻ̿뺦˭жԼܵĻں޶޳С˵ʹ˭
ǺʦɥһΡŷļҷ˶Կƣ˫΢ѾǴһ㣬Լ˭ȥ̵÷ţ֪ҵʲôʲôʸǰ˵޹ʹĻ
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쿴ͻȻǴ̵ΪʹĻĬͶǸĿڰ֣ӷֲֹסָͷ΢ΪԼľʹ˳УϳųЦĲ޵ѱ顣
ҫŭʤɭĿгͼ޷Υ
ү
㱻Է˾ƣҫ컹ņֹ̀飬ĿûдŲһһģҲôžͺá
ǵһμʶҫ˵ϸСǹϿõС˽ʹ֪ļҫǵУǲӡʧȥʦòȥֻý¿տգȲʵ֮

 12 

ʮһ
ƾ۽壬Ƶķ嶥ԼʣЩġҫ쳤һŻڵ
ǲǾûʸ㣿
ʹԷ˵ҫҲ֪رܵʲô˼
ûҾĲظеǳ
ѵ˵ˡֹš
ҫʵڲԸ£Ϊȫ˺Ĺ˭ǲԭµģǸһҡ
־ǿĿҫʹҼ֤ľҲǵһ֪첻ǰ죬һİˡ٣Ҳ֪ƹ̲ʹ£ԼҵȨҵλãһ֪ϸİˣ᲻Ȩı
⡭
㸸ζģ
ǳ𣬲˺
ðվĳҸôİˣ
ɱɱҲܹһЩոֻ̣취ɱֱҲȫģյıġ
ûɱ㶼֪ŵΣգǣΪʱҪһǣƾҲĸףҪעĶðϢ棬ƱػನܻܵС˼ãֻý˼ӹҵرչ˷ǸмңϲҡҫһʹȻǲѣȴʱܡ
ɫӣĬš
ʹһһһҽ峽ԼзĹӶɱ֣֮Ϊ˲峽Һ찵Ӫͳ˧ʦֳٺΪĽս޴󽫣ҵزȣľȣʾפʯΪع꣡аһһհ죬û˿Թԡҫ˵˴ѾкᣬܿļһֱձȨΪһҲҵĿ֮һΪΪȡ¶ıΪĳЩԭҲмơʱѾҵĸ飬οԼұְŷʡֻҪϲңͲóѡ
㡭ĸ鶼УҫΪ˵ǰµԣȻ˵زϧ˺Լˡ
ʱĽֵΪ˾սɳʦΪԶȫޣӵİ´ǹٹҵľ֣ȻһӵеֻңֻһֱҡټײύһٲջصˣעԶҲ޷ҵĿơʱֻҪסҿƾã
οû˵ڣŸղı飬ѾԼĻ̫ˡ
ɱңҲ޺
ȴģԽãʧȥľԽ࣬ҫԽΣҲԽ޷صܣֻõȴС㽭ɽУҲԼǷİɡʱҫôģȨܽΣҫ춼֪ԼԹΪ˿Լ֪ջظ飬һһݣһһ˺ĵʹǿȥ
֪ôͷҵ˽𣿡
ҡͷ֪ȥ룬Լ԰ΪնԼĿģһҳ࣬Լô죿𣿻ʹ޵ԸӣȥˣҲԸ
ֻһ£Ҵӵ·ٹٵȢҵӡ
Ϊʲô˺ΪʲôϡԽԽ޷رˣţǵĳ׾ȻһֳͷǱ˺֮󣿣
ֻΪ
ϢţҶݵĴ𰸡
ҡʲôң˺˭˺ˣǰҡ˵һ˰ǺޡԹŭˡûлֺνʹࣿûаνޣˣ޵ĸԴʵΪʹΪֹ˵ֻ°ҪޡҫԼûоɵ
ɵΪ˰ǺޣǺɵѵľ
ȻʦΪʲôˣʦϣǳޣʦϣܿЩ˵ĻڹʦһģҲʦɽһġ޶۵ûףʦĴЩ˾͸ɨأһԽԽԼԲϡ
ƺ֪ʦĿˡ
޷̧ͷҲʦĿ𣿡
һ·ɽ֤ͼδϳҪȥʲôҲ֪ʦûǸļƣ޷һ浣㣬һĿϣܶ࿴أʶءѰûֹ棬ȻҲϣ˽Ӵ˽ˣܹѧΪ롣ҫ߹ļ磬úɡ
ڹ𣬲ָһһ׵ϡѾõʦ簮ʵ𣿱ܵõ࣬˵ѣʦĿĸڸв֪ƫƫǳô˲ģΪúܶԡ
ӭҫ죬أ
̨Ǳ˼ءҫ콫§˵Ӧһˣȥ
§źߵĿҫͻȻǵľٶҫţˣҫЦؽְģ˴طһȡ
ڸߴ̨촵磬ſϣͷԶҫ֮УЩİȴ˱оĶǵĹˣһʦʱվֱ壬ŵš
ʦ
޼ڹȻ΢Цһǵйۿƺ飬ϼӳϣıʺ㡣
֪ʱԼʲô飬ǰδеĿУжƺ˲Ϣľ棬ġ
һͬվ˴۽壬̫ʦˣɽйۣΪþǳƺԹŭ޶ƺǡķƣΪ䲻֪֮ʱԴĶݣǸԷһᡣ
Էһ᣿
ĸ׸¿ʼĻᣬѵ𣿡
ǰһֱܹʦԼôû뵽ԴԸʲеĻԵأ
岻ҲµĻ𣿸ԼĻᣬ󻹸ѡһеĻᣡ±뽭ɽȨҪģֻѡҫ죬棡ҲԹ޻ڵظȫáݳɵҲͬʦԼĸһ㣬Ҳ
ʦסţҾȻΪޣĵǶûп𱸶ԸȥҪ˰ҾȻôԡ
ʦ֪ˡͽѾʵ˵۵ظıʦ֪ġ
һŻָΪԼʧ̬еߣſ˵ʱ򼸺ҿʦ۾ֻǳЦƯӡʧյǸͷסָס޵°ͣӡȥ
޲֪Ǹö㿪Ǹǵ̻޼Ƽ䣬ؽУࡣ
ֿ޷ԼѾס״ʮܣɬ⡭ʦһֱûи㣬֮£ӦᷢӲе񣬲ԶԱҲ㡣
ʦô
ʦǡʦֻǾӦø䳣
ʦʲôǳ
ѵͣǸÿȢˡ
ϣȢŮӣһѺӣ
ޱ˵ǣȴȻп䡣շȥ١ӳ󣬷뿪ɼҵɣȴ־ο
ʦԸͬԼܣʧ֮࣬ΪתΪ䵭õĴҲ֪ν𣬾ԻȥˣıӰ
ôźأȻһĻ㸸׵֪ĵİɡ˸пȴȻ֪ԼȫǾᡣ
ɽ·ϣҫ죬ʦͽ½ԷˣôǰԶأ
˵⳪һ⽫ٶȣҫ
Ѿ˵ͨˣôأǰСӸɳʲôʦҲûƵģǴȥΩԼĴǵͽܲˡ˶ڹرܶԷóۺҫ˼ͷȹҴѽˡ
Ƕӹˣرܸƨץץͷʼ벻ͨ
͵˵ëʲôʱܸİ
Ҷ̴ٿҲ๥ڦ
ͶԺ콫˴ʦͽڸʲô
ʲô
٣װ˭˭ôԽȰԽʦҲһƢ
ʦŲ᷸Ƣرŵĸ첲㿪
һ£
ԭطҲʦӰԴ졭סͷѣûסĺǺΣ֪ദˡ
塣
һ˫ְڵǰһ׼еļƣң׼û£
ֲһţ־ܣŵ˭ʰ˵ģ
֣չ䣬ûɣҵ˼
ȻԸصͷи㡣
ѵð˾ͷֶߣһ£ҲܵϵŪ·ʲô
رһˣǸȴԸ⣬ô죿
򵥣ȻʦĹ˳ӣ㲻Ҳᷴģ컹ʲô£˷һ
Ϊ˵ʲôõû뵽ô׳յҶˡ
ķӣ
ǰҾǶôɵģŵãһЩǿǿϹ¾ˬǿXδ죬ܹҫĹײ߽Ҳ㹻˷ܿοˡ
ò֪㣿ͻȻǰˣ˼ά¡
һˬԿһǣ㵱Ұ׳հտʼıȽأ岻ҵģôôǻöңһΡʲôµģ
յıӵ조ٺ١һЦϥϣ°ͣ˵š
أͷʮҷָĸսԺսҲ䵽ҵͷϣԭ˵ҵĸ׸ˣ׸ڼԹ˲ϾﻹҵĸܣʮʱΪҳˣ߳ȥù̷֣֣ܵΪҲչ˲ĵز˶ͬѧȥֻǰǮĵûҡһͿʼңҰҹܵģ鶼ҪʣҾ;䣬ճ뱧һ˯ѣߡȻһ߶һ߰ҴӱͳҲôҴ·ϳȥϳ
Ƕθյӣ̲סЦϰʱյһУʲô棬Ȼҹ˯糯з˯
֪Һܶ£ǿǼģ֧ʹ֧ʹȥҶռˣҰӲϹǴΣ͵óˣŵòᣬʱӦҪԵļһҲżңңΪԼΪ˸˲ս֮ࡣΪŻѪϹᣬȻһٽõ룬Ҳ֪Ѵλı¡ȻľȨҾǾ볯͢Զ߸߷ɹ׳һɳٺ»ɻ˵ȫ顣

 13 

ʮ
ôأ⣬Ϊʲô㻹Ըһʧȥ𣿡
۾ǰĺڰҹɫǰݣҲԭ£ǷۣͬΪѣǻͦôඣ˭ҾǷŲءʧȥʧȥ֮ǰҵõѾܶˡһֱõ̫̰ˡ
ĬʦĹʲôƽʱʲôҪʲôȫֻ֪֪ʦõǻõ֪ʶһֱΪʦиɻʦҪʲôأ
ϣȢӣһѺӡ
쿴뷳е̾ϢһôΪ˵Ҹ
Ҳ
Ǿ͸˵󵨵ظ㲻ҪȢˣһӣ̲סԴһǡ
⡭ΪѵؿԼ޷˵Ļ
ȻҰ˵㱿ġҪߡæס
һ뵽𣿡ŵص
ô㲻𣿡
ŶͷʹĸԳ״ˡ
ѽʲô㿴ңҵֱӸ壺Ҫ㡣ʲô
Ǳ˵ģôֶԣ԰ɣػӦ
ŰҾôġ
Ҳô󷽵԰һϰɣеϲˣĺһ˶ͦȥͦ͡ȥ
ÿ
ɰ˵㻹Ƕʦ⣬ͲΪܺȰ˵š
ԾˣŲ᲻ᶪ
ŲŰƵȤһ콵ҵ̬
ǳ̼սɡܽᣬΪ°
صУʦڵûϴϢĬʦ׼õˮϴϴţȻ¡
޼ͽһл˵飬еĺ͹ߣ̵һʱͲֻɽˮû
ҲȢӡżɽ˵ԼĴ㡣
޾ľΪ
ΪҵݣᶨؿʦһҹӪѾþΣ֮СӻݻĸңѾ֪ҵˡΪҵİ죬ѱڽֽš
޵ü壬ס֣յǣ֣Լƽյ˼ɲ˴϶÷Լ̴ӵġţҪͷ
Ҳպй¶ǣˡһˡҲûʲôġ˵꣬ϴ˯
һˡҲûʲôģеճȭָ׽ƶûܻǡЩҹ뾪ѵļ両ͷ
ÿҹ뾪ѾͻὫ쵽޵ı֮СĵСֱţָſ˯š
ÿζᱻŪѣȴ̴źӵСڰУܹоϧ飬ʧȥĻ֣̿ں˯֮۾ź΢΢ü˯ڵʧƵġ
Ѿܾöûǳеڴȴ˯⣬ŴⴹԡȻû˯ţʦڴȴϢȻ󿴵Ѫơ
ʦôˣʦûн۾Լӻˡʦôˣ
ʲô̧֣Ѫ⡭Ҳ֪
ѴӴǵİҳҩƿ޵ƣҩ档
ֻСˣҩҲԵġ
ûлش˿ڣȻΪ޿ŵԼæµͽܣӿһɰģЩ졣귢ʦؿԼ£ΪǺñӡ
㳤ˡͻȻðôһ˲ǰĻ޻عͷɺãϷлƵġ
۾µµתҲ벻ͨʦ˵ʲôΪ̫о˯ˡ
ӹ죬˼⣬ôԽ⣬ʦͽԽأѾ⵽һ˵һˣһ޾ҵ硣
ҫ죬Ϊʲô˻أ
ҫ֪νʦͨĶԻ󣬼ֱԴð̣ô̱˸׵
ʲô
˼ţҾöԸִӦֱӸɴ㣬ȥѹԸɾЧȽϺá
ҫԼ˵ͣһҪͣڽ
ŶҾϲ
ֵ˺ˡ
ֻҪʱ˼һ£ʲôǶԼԱ˴õദʽҰɡ
ҫྯ棬˸ʼ粻
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ôû
شš
ûϢ֪Լʮֻǵͷʾˡ¨еĺ컨ȡʾš
ϴ͸ӣΣ
룬ɽǰʦҪҪΪʦѣЩţ˵׼ûгţʦϲʳѹӵɷˡȥ۽·ϣǹء
ʦϲùζ
ֺõĻպÿˣСȥаɣ߲ܽⷦϵ˰̵ƺ¶ЦݣΪеĻ
лǰˣţʦķɣһܿ
صɽҵʦʦзķȴ޽չΥİӣ¶Цݡ
̬Ҫ¸Ϊʦ
޵ü޷չʦʹŵԭɡķѳɣӦ޹ҰǣκͻȻнᣬȴβԵɣʦ̡
￴İͽܣãΪʦķȻܽ㣬⣬ɽɻ󡣡
ΪǵԼԣ˼ã޽ɽҵʦͬʦĽ̸еһʾʦ˵Ǵ˲޴ķͽܲǣΪλŮʦҪԼǿʦأ
ʦ콣޵ıɵġ콣طط죬취ȻԴΪɴΪ֮ɹߣĴ֮ƣҲԴޣʦԸӲ֮ңԻء̾ϢһĿʼʦ½ɽġʦһΪ죬ԹΪңȴдΪ˼Ҵδ˸ϣʦõȻȴ޷ӦԽǹԽԣλŮʦˮ޵е˵Ҳǡ񹦷񣬺Ϊ񣿡
ʯ򽻵ʯ̳ɸָκαʦʣȴ𲻳
ν֮֮ٴε㲦ӣԾ֣ɵٴ̾Ϣüǵķϵܸ١
Ӽǵã׹ĳν
֮񣿡
֮ͬ飬ѰƺһʦľʲôˣһЦʦ񣬡ˡ
ˮʦ콣ӵ࣬Ҳܹס
ǵġвʤпķȥУȥྻ飬Ȼͬڣ㼴Ǵ޺ۣ߾֮ˮŮʦģϣ֮רԼ𣿶Լͷ֮У޹ǿգи䡣ټ򵥲Ȼ֮Ϊͽܼ뿪ԼͣȻе壬ѵ֮еĹʵأÿյˡȥ黳ҲȻġ
ݱʦ޸ϻɽ޶˷ն伴뿪ĺӣǺҪ˰ɡϿʱȵĻھ࿪ţ޾ܶ࣬ǰУŨĻеͲѾɣ龰̻ú޶¡ȸɡţ߽ӡںȻ书ûгš
һʦû˼ˡ쿴ķģ̾˿֡
ѽ˰ɫ
ȡͲ΢ЦŵݸӹСĿţĿⶨϾҲƲ޼֣ҲһƬϲ
Һ𣿡ûҪʦļƷԼ棬ڻʹ꣬汦͸ƽһ㲻ϡ
ϲŰɡ
ûʦǰЩӵԶ޽ݣͲźúָŻʦϲ͵ģˣܽⷦһ·ۣϢһ£Ѿ³ˡ
ֻſϸĪǣ
Ǹֵļһ˵ٶٳػԴ˵ȥ
ĿںȻִʹУüͷһҪ˵ĻסˡûΪʦָദеġ
޷ĸ첲Ϊʦ
ôˣҲĿڣһĻӿѯʡ
ްڰ֣ĿڵĴʹһһʹĿΪɢָ˹ֿȴһصϯ£ֻƾеֿ
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áʹ޵Ѿðε亹϶ڵʹļ϶˵ţȫڡ۲ʹǿ˵꣬Ѿʹ۾š
԰æŵϣˣ壬壬ǿ
ҫоղŵʽ쳣æڡ
޼ѴϢţҡ˶
콫һԣҫΪް
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ǰ˼޽ʱϿеҿ֮УŵǺ쵽޻䣬ǻֵڣŵʮַï
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ǴŶĵͳбǰ˻Ƹɬڳûж˶Ȼһ
ǿ۾߽컨øɿɵָصָѹֱɢ档Ȼǹ⽫Լָʾˡ
Ǻ쳾ᣬ쳾ŭű쳾ڵˡɽȶֻȥġ
㡭ϣ
ҫʶɽ֮һ
û뵽ôȥ˶ĺ󱲼ǵϷ򡣡
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˭Ҳû뵽δ˽յ׺ݱ
Żʵ϶ʦѾɱֵܣǵ˱Ӧʱˡ
ǹָʺҩ
߻Ȼ⣬Ҳ㣬ϷǰУв˵һְ涾ʱ

 14 

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ϵʹص֯һ˵ҳһţʦҲһ䡣
˻ҫǰס˵Ѩÿ̱Ƴ𰸡һʱ߻ȫʹûڹͨԳܵĿ̡
ߣϷʲôʹûг˲ٻϲһǾ޶쳣һ鶾Եġ˵Ůɢ𣿾ϷƵģһöٹŮɢɲ⣬ֱӸһŮɢˣϷѶѪ⽫߶Էĺ쳾ֵ˴
Ůɢ˶˺һѳʱĶҩ书û취˹൱ڰŮɢ޾Ҳû취ɣ
¶֮ɫȻû˵ף塭֪ҩ
ǳģֻһָԼģ¾ôˣϵľʵ
ˣнҩҫ⿪Ѩüȥܹ˵쳾ͻϲĲҩ
˵ˣҲˣԶڶĹ϶ˣһǧٶе죬һӣҲҵѾ˿ڻݵΪЦݷֲ߿ЦִֹñĿοơ
Ĺڶ֪ܣϷʱܴӵˡߵǣ⻶ϲһϡسԵĹӣ쳾ỨͿɶѣ£ֻҺʦܹϡܡͬʱҲҷ˻ϲͺ쳾İʦҵĵһʵƷôҪܣһ֪ȽϺá
յߺ޵Ŀ⣬Ϊɺ۾˸ŹĹâ
㲻ǹĶҿԸ㣬ҵϡˣⱲҲҪԡͬŮΪ鶾µʱ䣬ϤգУ˿ɺ쳾ʮ޷鶾Ķڷ˺Ů˵Ĳ𡣡
Ůѵд鶾ްⲻܡ
ֻŮˡ£ȥ⻻ѪһȻ˵ĻҪȫйȥʱáŮҲ鶾ǫǫҽһξͻһŮˣôߣҲǲԣ˸̫ࡣ
ʹü䲻ݵĿⶢţȴӵԼտЦţһЩ֪ƵĻʱĹ˵ԣʱаЦȻֹߵȻͣǸ״̬ض
˲Ϣɱ壬ҪҳҲ鶾ķ֢״ԽԽҷ޶Ĵʹڸȥһ֣ޱȵļɢŷۺǾޱһĹ次ͽܵѵƿԷ֣Ŵ𡣡ɣʬ¶ǲס
ʶʦ鶾࣬Ȼỹ˳ʦԸɿ֡ϣһ֣ʦΪĥʧȥǻιȥֻ÷£ļ
ʬĸţɢ쳶´ᡸסʬûж֣ȴһֱ˼ҫ졣
Ĺʹߣ뵽ʲô𣿡
룬ĪҵǵԵ
ʲô
ᵽĹϡûʲôҫż˷ܡ
ȻĳųԲΣָҫ죬Ϊھϲ˵˵˵ģǲǸ
ҫصͷǲ֪öٲźʡ
޺ȫԽȥ͵ˣʬţʬӵԺУתķ䣬ҫİ﷭š
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ҫ콫ܲסϲȥݣӦüǵ͸
ѩ裿˵Ǹܣܾʦֻȶĵļ˷ʹ˲֪αﻶϲ
ᵽĹϡĪѩѩȡѩΪҩƶɵġҩԲ׸
̸չѾȡѩ裬ǳӹľϲŻԵɺϾ׽Ūˣ˵ҪԶ٣
쿴ҫ죬ҡͷҲ֪һ˹ʦҩһ߲쿴ãֹͣ
Ҳֻˣ鶾Ҳڷûо޶ҩԿƣ᲻أж⣬˭Ҳû˵ڡ
ȪǱ߲ˮأһϴˮܹܵáţ㽫ʦŵˮҩֵܼ޶⿪
鶾أѵһҪʵ˵ڣҧ´һ޷ޡ
ҫתŴ羰ۣ조ȡһŮɢأ񼸴ξܷŸɾʦô࡭
յĶߣ취ųȥ𣿷㲻Ůˣ㡣
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ξǱ˴ߴȥ°ɣֲģŤűʦȥɽȵ˽Ȫ̲סҫļЦֱĨᡣ
͵ҩ飡ŶΣ
ĴúʹҫƲƲ죬Ƕִ˲ƣ
걻ǿȵ֣ɵÿ죬ʧءһӢȫǿȽǿռǿȳ׸ٵó׵סȻЦûҲļһ߳䣬ҫһ˿ʬڿӣûٷεļһ۵ͷ
Ѩڣˮصһе屻ˮݣȺʹʹˮҩµԻͣʹתоһ˫ڷ˹궯

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ʹһ£˫֮µļȸԼУʹȫע˹ҩϢһ֮ȡڶѩ裬޷¡
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޴ӻãٴ˹޶Ķһһ鶾ķ淢͡ûˮڹ˿̵ɥʧǷˡ
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ҩ꣬һͬʱѾճס·˺һһƬ䡣ҩʦһȴϵҧҩ裬޵ӣӡȥҩ˳źȥ鶾ʹУһ˫⸧
Դ屾ܵȿҰԸУûκμ֮׾޷мܣǱѹڳرϣ㾧ӨˮϣǰӼϸ£Ӽ絽ߣˮ䣬ŵӵȥ
Ѿȴ޷ֹԼ鰧Թһĥ󰮸ɬĽźΪѣһһȴſڽ͵Ļ˵ɾ䡣
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ϸƮ͸˵ӵһĴϢڵ尾Ŷһ˫ˮδ˰弸ǲųܡ
޽ˮУˮһ𽥻ů೤Ѿ˴˵Ŀ
ʦ̾Ϣţϵش򿪻˫ȣİ֮˽ϵһ
鶾ĥڻͣɬؽļ羱Ŀġ֪Ǹû仹Ǹ߳ܵĲд²Ŀӿһش󲿷ǵҧŴϳ弴ʹûбҲ޷ֹͣȻػӦɡ뵽㣬޸ǽסĲӣ̧ͷ
û᲻ñΪԼ鶾֮أһ߳ŻһԼ޿ٵССڶͷ­šһҪʲô̶ȣӦҲϰɡô߳ܵ飬ôòɵأ
ܶϤ޵£ΪѾָǵڿĽϣ¿ȴ᲻÷֡
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֪ܣǵԣӲԽģʦġ
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һƲŤߵ޷̧ͷԼϣ״°ͣǿԼ۾
᲻Ҷ£
ܱȴֲҿ޴Ҵҡͷ˦лᡣڵĿԽԽŨңſ˫ˮлĦ뼸Եĸо֮Уһּĸоǣţĳ֮
޳⻬ļΪͻȻļԽ˫ַļͷн壬ͬļͷԼӨ˳䣬ҵؿϡ
Եؿˣס壬ϧ§ڻСԶƵĳ嶯޷ƵҪѾȥ۽ǹŵᣬһĴһɶ壬Ȼҡ
ˮšĶζĳĲƣǰȥǳˮ͵޵ļͷոͷţ廹ڱʴе屻ҵ»顣һԼ֧ӭȥɬӲĸı䣬ŻϢŷʡ
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Ҳ㡣÷·ŵĿ棬Ҵû㣬ҲʵĿǶô롭
ûм˵ֱ࣬ļ޳˫ȼ룬һһòص顣ϲϲڶʱ欣ϲһжΪԼռ
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콫е׵нסקˮǻ᲻̫µ
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Ҳƣղ˻壬ô·ôʱ䣬ʧӰ٣һɲõԤдӽŵ׺ͷ޽ʰ
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