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ʶߡһЪ׸ꡣ׸ʮһ꣬ʶʮĸŮȡĸףȴˡȳԽԹصڸµǣƱԱȣɴʱڣȻǳļӪŮءһֱ԰׸Լľڹؼʱʧˡ׸Ϊϵѧ뷨ͥʵϰʱеս֮һǺȡ׸ԼȻذźȡһĶǵʱ̡ʶʳǵִв׼֢ڡĶֺ͹㷺ĹʹС˵˱ĶĽַǳ׸ֺһäֺֻΪڱ¶Լäȥξģǵȵ׸¶ģȥӳȵʱ򣬺ɱˡ

һС˵̹ĵİŵķʽչΪ޿ˡʷ̹ĵĳһԶԶسΪһ˰̣ڸ顭ⱾѸٵڶʮȳᱡСȻȴǴ𾪣ѣϢĶҲǼܵĻһǼС˵





һ

01 
ʮʱ˻㲡ʱ죬ʱڴ졣ԽףԽ䣬Խ̣ҵҲԽʼתһµůͣĸΪ̨ϴһŴҿüա̫ƲʣҲüԺˣһһֻѻڸ質 
Ǽסʻһ֮ľ޴¥Ķ¥ߵĵһ·Ǵʻֵվ֡ʮһһڷѧؼҵ·ϣŻˡرһдδÿһܳڼһѧУ¥ݵʱҵȼ̧ҲûʳʹǼꤵڲԣҲܿʳˡ糿ڸܣٶλҵôҸеܺߣرǵŻµʱŻҵһлǵһΡҾĶȥ촽ҧ촽죬ǣĶ˳ָ˳ҿǽϣŽűߵۻŻĭ 
ҷǸŮˣĶǴֱġҵĸ첲Ҵ˺ڶһԺԺﴰ봰֮䶼ӣɹ·Ժﻹľͷһ¶ĹھľͷľмĽԺԣһˮͷǸŮšˮͷȸϴ֣Ȼˮҳˡ 
"һֻ"ˮͷֻˮͰһֻװˮһֻҲװˮ档һ°ˮõ·ϣŻﱻ嵽ˮӹˮͰһͰˮҲõ·ϡ 
վڿޡ"Сһ"ȵ˵"Сһ"§˻ҼһߣоҵϣӵŵԼŵʵĺζҲ֪Ӧð֧첲ʲôطֹͣ˿ 
סʲôطȻˮͰŵһؼҡԣһҵһַҵĸ첲ӻվֵʻֲԶߵúܿ죬ܹϣʹҸĲסҼǰҸ˱ 
ͬһ죬ĸҽҵ˻㲡֪ʲôʱĸǸŮˡû뵽һӦȥĸȴȻΪ˵ֻҪпܣӦҵ㻨Ǯһʻһҽܣʾлµףȥ˻վ֡ 



 
 




 

 
  




02

վϵӣѾˣҲ֪ʲôʱʲôԭ򱻲ġҺöûлعˡʮʮ½¥и¥ľ͹̨ˢùܶ࣬˵С׷ܶࡣǴֹԢû˻һһһ¥һҼ꣬ǰһҩꡢһƷ¼ꡣ 
ԭϷӺڵ·һߣֻĲ¥һ¥ˮĥʯ죬ש죬ɰҽ͹䡢̨ʹ򡣽ݺ¥Ҫ߼̨ף̨¿խǷǽֵ֣׶˳ţ״ŵ߶ԲʨӣŻվ֡ǸŮ˴ҵԺϴߵǸǲš 
ҺСʱ򣬾ע⵽ӡһŷкȺ룬ٿٱһЩĻڽķӾͲòһȥΪ·ˡҲ룬ʯ໨Ρ¡ƽʽĳ̺ĥͭ˷֡룬ķҲӦסˡھµĻ̵ѬӱˡǣҶҲۿۣǱ˹ˣƣռȳ 
ںǷμӡЩδͬС죬ͬһεķ棬ͬһķ档һİĳӡһİĳһŷСҼǰߣ󲻽⣬ΪֻϤȴǸеİȻͻȻӣĲҼվϵӣһУһҡ磬μӣȴڲм䣬ʹҸеܰοһֻٿӣ˵һİĻһλѲڶҸе֡ת߻ȥ¥ݣҪȥҰŰ֡ 
ε¿ӣҵγʱЩߴ˺ܸõϸڡҿųұߡҼǰǸе󲻽⣬ΪʲôһȻڳнֵԵķӻὨһտأȻǸе˫ص󲻽⡣ҪʲôطĻҾͻתͷؿеĽֵûˣҵתͷ̶̥ļԷɿٶȿȥҺ»ȥ̫ǿøˡȻҿΧءͲйе԰԰еĲݡƽ̹еСɽûľʣãصֵȵ⡣һǽӸˣԿ塣ǿһӵķǽӲվֵڣɴر࣬ʲôϲģķӡ 
Ұѳͣ·ߣ·˷ſڣһˣһԶҲûз紵ûһž̨ףŰ֡ 
Ҵ򲻿šˣֻ֪ץŰֲȻξָԺУҼǵã 



 
 




 

 
  




03

Ҳ֪ǸŮ˽ʲôֳ֡һʻԥվ¥ſڵǰȥʱ߳һҪ˭쵽¥ʷ֥Ůʿҡ 
ûʯ໨Σûоӣûе̺¥ӦеִӵġָûѲڡмĺѱûˣ¥ǽϵġߵġѹӡƵɫ᲼ĥ͹¥ݷ֧˵ĵطӣ¥ϴӼζҲЩҺע⵽ġʧ޵ӣ࣬ͬһϴӼζʱͰײ˻ⶹζһʱͳըϴ·ζһ𡣳ЩζǰĽŵ尴ťƣҲʶסκˡҲǵǷ¥ס 
Ҳǲʷ֥ŮʿкҰ˵йҵĲ顢İ͸лĻҴ 
зһ䣬е¯̡ˮءԡ衢ԡˮ¯һӡӡһ̨䡢һ¹һųɳɳһɫ޲ϡûдӣ̨ͨϵĲģûжٹߣֻſŵʱüԺľдľľͷļŵõľͷζ 
һСխңв;߹񡣲İӡͷɳһ¯ӡ䶬ʱû¯ӣʱҲòáվ֣üǰıڵ߰ĻվַѾµķԺذ칫¥Ĺءﻹһ䲻ĲгζĻҲŵõ 
Ҳǵڳﶼ˵Щʲôʷ֥Ůʿ·һëһӿ¨һһó·ٺ֮еһϡһϡҲڿ㣬Ҳ뿴޷Ŀƿһ״ǳɫСΧȹ糤Ľɫ÷˾¶ĸ첲ǲ԰׵ġٶټ£ַ£ٺõ·һһߡֵĶרעתĶҲͬרעʱ沿鱻Һļ串ˡұ۾ʱӣ󲻳沿ʲôӡұ߶ͷȧǣֻǳɫ۾µƬ촽ȶԵ÷ǳһƽġŮסֿ֪Ư֮ 



 
 




 

 
  




04

"һ£"վ׼Ҫߵʱ˵"ҲҪȥһ£һһΡ" 
¥ڳﻻ·ſһС죬ѵΧȹһǳɫ¡ӵķϹ˫ͳ࣬һ˫ְԲͲ״һƽ⣬ȵϥ֧һȵĺ󲿣Ѿõĳͳ׵˽ϣȻѽŷŵϣѳͳСȶᵽϥǣٴϥᵽȡһߣѴϵĳͳóͳãȻվѽŴץһֻӡ 
ĿתضĲ򣬴ǶֻΧǵûϵ鷿ֻסƨɡһֻŷŵϥϲϵʱ򣬾ͿԿü¶԰סֱͳװĹ⻬Ĵȡ 
оҵĿ⣬شһֻͳ࣬תߣҵ۾Ҳ֪עҵģءʵء֪أǴأˣվһȻʵڼֲסˣ˷䣬¥ݣܳӡ 
ţվ֡ӽ֡ʻЩѧѧıؾ֮·ϵÿӡÿ԰ÿդЩդÿ궼Ҫ·ˢդľͷòֶܼѹȥСʱ򣬳·һôЩդˡЩשĸ߸ߵΧǽúͿֱֲʱſ治һſήġϵʻ߲ࡣҲϵ·ϵʯ·ϵᣬн·ϵġ״Ĺ⻬ʯԼ̳ɲ״Сҡʯ 
ϤһСҵĲٿʱڳ֮һĻ龰ҲԶȥԼΪҾһСһһ֮ûҶԼڴšҲǾĺˣʮˣˣŶ˵Ǹա 
һڳ֮һĻ龰ΪʲôҲܰĿƿǿŮζϲġҵĹǵţҪӾؿĻҵע⡣ҲӾؼĹǺ͸¶⣬ҲĹҪöࡣʮꣿǺѹƳԼδģδﵽεǵ䡣 
ԺҲףΪ屾ƺͶĿתҵŮǴͳ࣬ҲҵҲ߱ǸԻ󲻽ġڳ֮һĻ龰ҵͳѰ޼ɵѰ߳һԸһҵõ㣬ҲһŪ̬֣Ŀת̬Ȳû̬ûŪ飬Ҳǵùʲô̬Ūʲô顣ֻǵ塢ƺͶʱԵе㱿ءǲıأԼص磬ɴ֧κⰲ࣬ȫȴⲿĴڡȴⲿλǴδͳƺͶϡһΣĶڣ෴ǳĺ;ջջ˵Ĳ鷿ƨɺʹȣȴⲿһ 
ʱҲ֪Щ֪ˣ֪Ϊʲôʱÿ˼ʹ˷ܵԭʱҾ˷Ϊ˽⿪գҾͱ׷һĻ龰ҰһĻΪ̸֮ʱʵ־롣־н󣬵ʱһоĿˣԾĿתضš 



 
 




 

 
  




05

һԺվſڡ 
һڲȥ£ûκתҵעҽȥѧ˼Ժ󣬶ҲҸе롣ȻңѾôãǵѾ֮ճм˵ǶʱҲԽԽ̡˵Ҹȥɢһһһ㣬ֲҪšʵҪۡ 
ͯʱǶôᣡⲿ磬ͥԺ԰ϵֻԼԼشСĲĶеʷ̳ʹ֪ʹ񣬲µļϤİķ䡣ڴԳͼǽֽӡӡܺ¹ѻɽ¥ִǽôֿɼʮңԶ没ǶȹҹǽõżǰƷ䵽ǽϺͱϵĵƹ⡣Щ޵ʧߵҹǿǳʵҹʱʲôʱڻУʱֳ־壬ʱֲֿѣЩ»¶ܷҹ 
˵Ĳתξͻ١˾òôͻգʹǲҲִҡ 
ÿʱ˯㳱ʪۻ࣬Ϊе龰֪ĸף𾴵ġΪʩʦԼҿͯʱܵĽ㣬Ƕң෴ǻһִȰġĵķʽοҡ˵οָܡر𲻹ƽǣбεЩ龰Ҿͻȥ 
Ҳ֪Ķȥʷ֥ŮʿǶѵ½һ̶ʵ䷴̰ĿһӣͻΪһĻôΪʲôѡͻΪأһһ޷аҾаж 
һǣΪȥǶһΣաʵϲܷΣաʷ֥ŮʿҵĳֱʾȣỶӭңΪķΪǸȻѺõظ𡣲ȥΣأȥҾͻΣյĻж԰ΡȥǶԵģľֹҵľֹҲһж 
ҵʱǵذҵټĵ¿ǣھⲢûиȥʷ֥ŮʿǶ룬ĸס𾴵ʦнϸǺֹңҵǶȥһ£ĵǶȥȴȫһ¡Ҳ֪Ϊʲôȥˡڣڵʱҿһģʽһҵ˼Ϊʼնûģʽ˼ȻóһֽۣʱֽۣȻ֪ĹɣܸžߣҲܲߡҵһУûоȥ£ҾȥȴûȥʲôȥҲټŮˣгǰƴؽһЩ⣬ҾˣҲ̣ʶǸ߲Ҫ״̬ʱּˡҲ˵˼ά;ΪûӰ죬ΪǰûѾΪԼķʽͬҵΪҲԼصķʽҵ˼ҵ˼룬ҵľҵľһ 



 
 




 

 
  




06

ڼң¥Ĵš¥ݣ壬Ƕְһ顣͸ŵĲҿԿûйءҿԿľӡ¼ܺ͹ӣüӵĵδ 
¥ϵȣоɡһʱеԺе־壬ľʵʩûвʲôе˵ĻôоأҲûиеʧҾļһ 
ĹȺһӡӺӵӰĵδһ֮ʼֱ´ľŰ롣ǣҵעǱɢԺ﷢ľͷĴ̶¥üӱķﴫ˵Ȼ˽Ųȵءȵء¥ϣס¥ңҸʲôأǣŲ¥ûͣǼߣվ 
ʷ֥ŮʿһŽ̿һֻú¨һƷпȹӣװҿóй糵ƱԱֱ¥ƽ̨ŷҡȥûûо棬ûгЦȫû־ӡȥƣú¨ӷ£ڼпԿ׵ʱӲҵ˵ϣҰ̧ 
"¥µĵﻹӣȥװǿŵġ" 
ܵ¥£ҵſţĵҲš˺ܳһ̨׺󣬵˵ңһľķ䣬ţŵĻ״ϡܴ󣬽̿һֱѵﶥµСôߣ̿ǴСڴӽϵġŵߣһطֲѷúһڷúӡ 
Ҳ֪ĶˡڼҲӵúҴûʲô⣬ֻǼҵúûжѵôߡװһӵʱûʲô⣬ڶ׼װʱúɽʼζıػССú飬ڵֶѳһѡɫúһɢǶһúһúµһҵžͱú 
úɽʱҴú˳ѵڶװҵһɨ㣬ѵҹĺľúɨһţ¥ 
Ѿѵ˼пҲˣϱߵĿҲ⿪ˣһţ̣ڳԡҵʱǿЦžͷЦһָңһֻӣ"ʲôӣСһʲôӣ"ʱϴֳľҲԼĺҺһЦ 
"㲻ӻؼңҸϴˮ·ɨɾ"ԡ裬ˮͷˮðԡ衣"·СĵҵĳɲҪú̿" 
ҳٳɵѵëºͳ֮ԥˮǵúܿ죬ԡ輸ˡ 
"봩ЬͿϴСһҲġ"ǣҰˮͷصѵڿ֮ھءϸشҡˣԡ裬ǱˮҴˮ¶ͷʱѾҵĶ̨ˡüֻЬӶôţüڶҵĿӺë¡¥º"ú"µҲϺ"ľм"ЦˡصҵĶϡֻǺܿƳһۣ"õϴͷ࣬ϴϴͷȥԡ"¹óʲô뿪˳ 
ϴţԡˮˣҷŸɾˮԱͷɾȻǶˮĺϸоӳһĳˮҸо˷ܣҵֳͦ 
߽ʱû̧ͷֱߵԡǰҲ̧ͷſ˫ۣһԡ""վԡʱұëӺΧͷŸҲɣȻԡ䵽ϡҲҶվ֮ʹҵĺ󱳸о鷿ҵƨɸоĸҲһ˿ҡ˫§ҡ 
"㲻Ϊ" 
"ҡ"Ҳ֪Ҹ˵ʲôû˵Ҳû˵ǡתûпʲôվ̫ˡǣұǰˡ"ѽ""Сһ˵ʲôѽ"Ц§סҵĲӣҲӵ 
Һ£¸½ǣҲ⣬㲻ӵһ֮ŵζоºһоˮˡ֣̽壬ǵ졣˫۽գŬԼžʹкҵĽְֻ֮ҵס 



 
 




 

 
  




07

ڵڶҹҷҰ˯ʵμҸоڱŷұͷ߱ӡ춼ˡһ 
˯ҰĻرΪֹÿһŮ˯һҹ֮Ҷһָоұ谮ˣΪұҪ԰ķʽ硣 
ͯʱܼĲ࣬ǣʱһ糿Ҽ¡ʱ˯ķûůҹ糿ͨ䡣һǵůĳһص¯ӣһˮԲ¯ùŲĻܿͮͮĻ硣¯ǰһӣҲϴʹ·ʱվ档һǵůĸоǵϴʹʱõůܡһǵãÿڼгʱҾͻ룬Ϊʲô谮ңҵֵܽõõһЩûеõĶǷ컹ұҪܵĲѰڵң 
ҲΪǸҲ֪ʲôֵŮͷһ˳谮ڶҲȥѧˡ⣬ҪʾһѾ߱ӺԾǿȱ˶ǿҵǿԽչʾѧУͬѧʦǿУҺû̸óһй糵ƱԱᾭϺҹֻҴڼΪ˿ɢɢĻôôܹÿ춼أ 
ҴǶصҵʱҵĸĸֵܽѾڳˡ"ΪʲôôŻ趼Ϊ㵣ˡ"ҰְֵĿȥ˵ǵǣ˵ 
˵·ˡұ԰ɢĽѿȥȴߵŲʩԺգûǮֻôŲʩԺ߻ 
"Դ"żҸĸ 
ҸҵĻ֮Աǣ"ĽѿŲʩԺոͲͬһ" 
ҽҲӵؿҡ 
"ȥѧ" 
"ôúѧѧ嶫ң̫ڡ" 
ĸ״ҸĻ"ҽ˵Ҫܡ" 
"ܴ԰ߵŲʩԺգǶ߻ҲȥѧȱĲǴǡ"ҺҸСʱ;ܣ˾Ͷ졣Ҵ꣬ڸ涼ռƣ֪ʲôʱֹͣ˷ĺöΪҲ֡ӴˣҲֻܷɧѡ 
"㿴أ"תҰְ֡ѵŵϣӿαϣַڴϡû˵ȥڳ˼ÿںǵʱһÿһﶼ룬Ƿ⻹˼ĹҲҲȥ˼⣬һ˼ô˼޷ǾĹˡѧڣ˼˼Ķдͽѧ 
ʱһָоǡҲļͥԱ˵ͥһԺһɢĹˣè˵Ļһ߷źһḧèͥܶͦкôһ̶Ҫǣǣʳϣɨ㣬ҽδ̫ˣΪҷǳϣǡҲļͥӦʱҲϣǰԹĸ͵ƤòӡǣϣͻȻǶǳɰãĸСһСҲ̫õƤͲСҸ磺סһ䣬һҾø㡣⣬Դѷ䳹øңڿɳ˯ܲԹأҸףΪʲôЩӸóΪأǺܿͻ᳤ˣ뿪ҡ 
ҸоһһΧоƵԲԣһô̱ߵӳԷһ໥εؽ̸ҸоǺڸڣѷˡһ븸ĸֵܽһһ棬ҲǸŮһ 
Ұְֿ˵"'Ҫѧ'˵ģ" 
"ǵġ"ע⵽ʵ裬֮ǰҲûᵽ룬Ƿѧ 
ͷ˵"ȥѧܲ˵ĻǾٴڼ" 
ҺܸˣͬʱҲеںǸˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




08

ļǸŮ࣬ʮӻؼҡһһӵһڿΣΪǰ¥̨ϵԡ쵽һʱҴҴҵش·뿪Ǽһ緹ʮͳ緹ϵҲ 
Ըԡɾù֣糿ԡϲϵˮζʵĺζӹдй糵ζҲϲʪܵġӣҲϴҲҲҪΪ飬ҪȻء׵ȥռʱҲȻزȡռҵΪںڴϻ㡣Ҳ˵ᣬҲ˵ûеõȤѧȥռ֮ǰֻǹ˼ĸܺȤ 
ѧռԺ¡ҴδȫѧᣬΪҺܾöûֱҪᣬܴܿﵽ߳ҵָֽź֧ҵϣһʹץң̧ͷ͵طһĳʰĺһΣұֽŻˣҿʼ 
֮Ƕƣˡһ˯ˣԺľľûھľеĹǵĴ󺰴ľʱ򣬻վ΢Ľͨʹ˳ǵĺˣʱҾ֪ѧУѷѧѹһˡؼҵھ̨ϸʳӷؽš 
"ʲô֣"ڵʱһո˯ѡ֮ǰһֱ""""ƺ 
һ˵"ʲô" 
"ʲô֣" 
"Ϊʲô֪"εؿ˵ 
"ҡ֪ʲô֪ʲô֪֣ʲô" 
Цˣ"ûʲôСһûʲôԵġҽкȡ"ЦֹסЦҶȾˡ 
"ղſʱı֡" 
"һû˯ءʲô֣" 
Ϊ֪ҵ֡ʱʱ˵ǰѧõĶǼҸ¡ҰǷڳʱҵֶǳϵģҵϺúܽʵֽƤĿα϶Сǩдſαƺҵ֣ǣȴδעЩ 
"ҽĶ׸" 
"ĶĶĶ"Ž֡ 
"ҵСһĶǸѧ" 
"ѧ" 
"ǸѧСʮꣿ" 
ҵͷ˵꣬ҸеԺ 
"ʮˣʱ뵱һġ"ԥš 
"Ҳ֪Ҫʲô" 
"ѧϰù" 
"ô°ɡ"Ҷ˵˵ѧϰѧҪҸԸ⾭صǶȥ"ҵ" 
"Ķ"֮һؽ̸ 
"һڹȥļµĿγ̫ˡҪϵĻͱùѧġҲӦôѧУ"Ҹѧ¶ 
""ƿѼޱӣ"ҵĴϹȥ2ĹõĻҲˡѧϰģģΪƱƱʲôȤ"վһ˿ҵڳƱԱְװƱСӴ򿪣ôŽƤ׵ĴĴָ˺ƱһҡͰѹҡŵļƱǯץ˵"Ӻӡ"¼ƱǯӣһֽƱ򿪷ڶǰǮаǮ˽ȥٹǮУǮӲҵĵطǮ"˭ûƱ"˵"ģ֪ʲôġ" 
ڴϣˮ"ܱǸһϿεģҲ֪ܸܲϣѧھҪˡҪԡǣ㲻ټĻҾҡ"˵"Ұ"ֲ˵ˡҲ˵еһĵǣûȨҪȥĹΣҲûȨεΪܷ"Ҳܲ㡣" 
Ĺһ"ˣ"ԥţ"ϰװ࣬Ӿϰ࣬˰ҾͻؼңҲ֮ǰѹõĻ" 
һ˿ҵءվǶ˵ǲɿܵģŹƷ䲻ɿҲˡŪ顣⵽ǹϵңǹϵ˵ҵĹĻôĹģ˵Ƕһ˺𣿲Ҳû˵˭ġһβõˣҶ˵ʲôأĥĥڴ·ϣ˵ʲôʲôû˵Ҵ·Ծһ˿ҵվǶҺӵʱһ㷴ӦûС 



 
 




 

 
  




09

ΪʲôһȥҾͺģһֶԹȥҸʱĻ𣿡ļҵȷҸ죬ƴùѧϰûమ·ֻҺ֪ʵࣿ 
ΪʲôΪʲô˵ôõĶڻбЩصĳ֧飿ΪʲôһҸĻڷһһ֮ʹ಻ΪҸ𣿵ҸģʱǶҸĻۿۣʹࡣΪֻг־õҸųƵҸΪԾĺûʶʹһҪʹ˽𣿿ʲôǲԾûʶʹأ 
һŹȥǰ˵ʱԼҴһ׽һλеͼ˫ɫƤЬɫɫɫͰɫƤƤһ𴫵ҵĸ첲ȶܳΪҷŴκƷҸ첲ȲΪ³ģΪЭġҵ۾ʽǼչ˾֧֣ǮˡҵͷͣҿѧУҵĹβòţʦûаҵ£ĺѧҲûҷҲϲҵĳ࣬ϲҵĴֹҵ״Ա˶ҵ۲мһˡϣгһձӢˣĽҡжپģһڴʲô˺أ 
Щ˸𣿻ҵʱڷŬ˸УҵǶһֳŵһ޷ֵĳŵʱڶͯܿڷܺҿʱҸе˸УһԼĹȥ˸Сһ־Ե˸𣿵һõĻ֧ʱǾһ˸Ϊ׷ҸڵʱʵУҲڵʱûеŵУ 
ӦȣҵʱʼһȻڳŵУʵУʵС 
ʹĹȥĻش·ӲҳڳĶһû⡣ʮȥ˰֣ӹ˾һŮʮһʱȥ˱սԺпܵĹй糵ƱԱĹѾ˼ˣϲƷ˶ϲ任ķ羰н³ֵת֮⣬ϲݹʮˣûгɼҡЩʱ򣬷·𽲵ĲԼһϤ޹ص˵ϸ֪飬ǵˡҲΪʲôȤĸʲôְҵǷֵܽãڰģʱʲô"㶼֪ЩʲôѽСһ" 
δ̬ҲˡȻû齨ͥļƻǣԶԣҶ׶ȶĹϵٶ¡ĪĹϵΪͬ顣֪˹³ԸŮĻԸĸ׵ĻȥҽѧնѧģڷϽڸºʩ̩˵ϵۡǿʶΪǱ绤ȫ˸е𾪡ǵĹϵʮ֮ʲôӡʺôģ˵ڵ¶û롣̶ڷżʱҺгȥǾͿĸסһҹһˡ 
ҵͽвʹʱһκһȼ٣ұΪԼһ䡣ȥҽȥһ´£лȥվЩҾöҵ䲻ˡ·ͬѧĻҺǰҵıӡܺȱʮ꣬ҲˡһҲ±˿Ϊ˸еԺ 
ҼһʮŮˣһΪᣬǣڿһʮкһΪǸӡȸôţʹҸеȡѧУȡõĳɼʦǵע⣬ѶҹĿ࿴ҽӴŮҲǰٵӣҲϲҸе⡣ 
Ҷ뺺£ʱ龰ĿʹҶԺ飬Ǵ̸ѧ֮ǰǼڷ飬ǲˡԭ֮һǼ桢ֶ̫йˡһԭǣڴ֮ǰҴδйôæµӣҵ໹ӱôδôʵһǼĹεĻҷ·од̨ԣһֱǶֱڼµĹζΪֹѧеʣеĿģ֤еѧϰ⣬еĻѧϵκ깲͹͵۹ҽԺĲϾͶˡǵԼᣬҵļУʱԼʱǴ̸֮档Ļʹ㵽ĵ룬͵롣ߵӿʼʱ׼ʱؼңǣһʱԺҾͲֹһСʱˣҿʼҽڷ 
ҪʶԵʡǽ̸֮ĵڶ죬֪ѧУѧʲôǣ˺ʷʫ޵ݽͺġ뺣Ĺ¡㡢뺣֪ϣʲôҸʶˡµеһκͷԿȵݽ 
"㻹ѧ" 
"ʲô˼" 
"ֻѧأԼıҲҪѧ" 
"ġ"ڼ䣬ǰˡš񡷺͡ı밮顷֮ҪдһƪСһҪ顣ÿζҵ֮ſʼĶǡҿʼĶʱʱѾˣҲˣĶڶȫˣұضһ顣 
"" 
"ԼɣҰ" 
"СһرԸʶԸԼȥ" 
"ԭˣ" 
ڶ죬ȥǶʱȴ㿪ˣ"ȸʶ" 
ġԡϴ֮ǰҪΪʶСʱġš񡷡ҲϲԡˡʱʶʱʧˣΪʶһοʱҪɫذѲֳͬҪоԡʱҵˡʶԡȻһһѳÿԼй¡ 
ǸעеڣЦ֮Աǣķŭ͵ľʵرŵظڡΪ¶ɯһ޴ġûнŮʱȲҼȥϣ޴ĹӦ"ôأʱԼҲȥ䳤ʱҶʱҲЩΪڻƻʱϴһ˯ԺľľĬѻڳ裬ҲֻʣԽԽĺԽԽɫʱҲҸ֮С 



 
 




 

 
  




10

ڵһ죬ĵӾˡ࣬ĵһгȥй糵ͣĵڿʩκĵ糵ˡ˵ȥʱܿգֻǻʱϲġ 
ڵڶվ˳ڶڳǿյģڵһڳվ˾ԱߡԥǰĳỹϺĳᣬһǾ˺ĳᡣĳΣӵԽǣǺûйһڳվȳҲ˳ҲͣǴ˾Աߺ˵ЦЩҶܿ 
һվһվûڵȳֵҲûˣ̫û棬һжڰããĳУݡͣŵСոձ̵ľĹľԡú¯ԶɽΪöվûͣڿúڳÿվʱǹ̶ģ밴ʱվұʻĳһǶվ˳ǰƽ̨ϣҾעźȡӦܸоעһתϸشңȻֽź˾졣ʻţ˰ķ֮첻ǽڽϣǽڽöʯɵ·ϡÿЩˣй糵־ȵ֪·Ҫöطյվʩκʱ˿̣ҸоԼˣסమˡһҪĿĵءֹڳ 
һյϣҿһͣվҲһȳСӡһƱԱԸ˾ͣ򿪳źŵӡͣȺ˾ûΪͣźŶͷҡ³ʱ򣬺ЦЦҲҿ϶ųͿˡĿǿһ鰼أȻһСɽʧˡվ·̺ͽֵм䣬ҵءԶһǴŻĻ԰¡ﻨ㣬Զɽϵİ£Ʈźϼ 
ڳϵǶʱ䣬ͺһجΡҶǺ˼µĻĻһجԴվͣվճͺո˯һǣһجҲǼɵ£Ҳλ棬еĿ龰Ҳʵ֡ڻؼҵ·ϣһֱ˰ķҲֹס˿ 
ͽߣ˼ûдɡһ·̵ʱй糵߿˹ȥϺӵûпȡ 
ʮʱĵءءΪŭǰ̨ϵȺ 
"ѧˣ" 
"ҷżˣô£"򿪷ţҸݣ˳ 
"ΪʲôװʶҵӣҪ" 
"װʶӣ"תؿҵ˵"ʶң˵ڶڳڵһڳ" 
"Ϊʲôڷżٵĵһĵͳ˳ȥʩκҽҪϲΪ˵ġ˵ڶڳᡭ" 
"ĺӣĵˣһļ"һû̹Ŀǡҡͷ"ô֪ΪʲôҪȥʩκô֪Ϊʲôϵң飬ҵģ㻹" 
޷ҵ̶߳ȡ"ⲻƽȣ֪ģһ֪ģΪȥģôΪҲϵأҲʶĻҲ͸ȥ˳ˡ" 
"ˣѾ˵ô£ҵ¡"Լλã֮͸˳һӡƶ˵ҵһŶԸҪ߿ 
ɳӵضԴңһûüʼȴҽˡһҿʼûаˡҲǶԵģڿ͹ϣϣһ˺˺ҲԸ˺ɻ˺ 
"ܱǸȣһжˣû˺㣬ǿ""˼ǣ˺ˣû˺ң㲻Сܸ˰ɣҸһĻϴ裬Ҫһ"شٵؿҡһûվʼ磬תȥʼˮ· 
ڣվˡ룬һ߾һȥˡǰСʱ֮վķǰҽݡҰһжеˣҺ޹˼ء˼ءްش¡֪ܵ˺Ҳ֪ûܵ˺Ϊû˺Ҳ˺ΪͲֻᡣ󣬵˺ʱҺҸֵ޶ԣν 
"ԭ" 
ͷ 
"㰮" 
ֵͷ"ԡﻹˮҸϴ裡" 
ʣԡˮǶǲΪ֪һģ·ѵǲΪ֪˿·ʱĸоˣΪٻȥģǷֻΪⳡִȡʤ갮һʱҸΪʲôûϵһڳ˵ڶڳԭԳŪĿ˵'СһСһй糵Ҳ"һԭƺ޹ؽҪˡ 
ĽȴҪⳡвڶݵִ֮󣬵вҪҾ֮ʱرʱˡڽļûкһΣʹǺܶݵһҲûСһвҶԣ̾ͶҰеĹԼϡҵĹҲϣǹҲ˵ǹġ̬䵭ʱ¶ҺãԭңҡʱҸоƺҲΪԼ䵭աҲõҵůҵĵǸҵı֤ҵĿʱ룬̫׵ؾңΣҶûѡء 
Һ޷ʹ˽̸ǵ̸ᵼһµҸдһⳤţԴ˺޷Ӧʱʵ"ôֿʼˣ" 



 
 




 

 
  




11

ȺҲڸڵһͲҸˡ·ݵǺ죬ǴӱһҲǵҪ֮һıճзʽʶԡȻһʽкô⣬һ϶첻ǣһչʾ˿ʱ᲻ԭԵķ"ԭ㻹ǲԸñ˿Һһ"˵Ļڹܣﳵȥ죬ȥշҡľͺպ׶ٱ 
ѲǵãҵʱԸĸ˵Щʲô˵Һͺ˹һȥǺͼһȥ˵ȥݷһλͬѧĸһҺܲģҸȴҲһΪĸ׶ҲӦʲôľġ˶һϹΣҲҲ 
ڼ䣬ҵ㻨ǮûΪȸǮĻȴֲˣҾʥøһƱҵļƱΩһһչʲƵƱꡣһλԱ˷ҵļʲᣬȻʮˡָһҵƱһŴнķΰƱƱƱеıΪİˡʼ硣ʮ־ҵļʵĻҲҸñǡҵ׿ɲأҵĸĸԴ˵ЩʲôأҾּۻۣ˵˵ƱֵǮĻôҸɴͲˡһֽʮˡô˵ƱֵǮʮˡҸоԼƭˣ˵ν 
ҶмѣҸеȵǺڳǰҲѾ񲻶ˡȥӦôЩʲôѶװгĹҰΪļ米ȥġڵͼָҿǺõ·ͼʱʲôʲô뿴"̫˷ˣСһһˡ" 
ڵһ·ˡģһ춼ġ糿ˬůͣг˵̫ůͣҰѲˡɭһ̵̺һɻ̡ǳ̡̡̺īɡһһǳؽ֯һƽԭϵĵһѾˣµɭ̸ֵոճѿ 
ǳУ໥ָһЩ;ĶǱߡʻĴ񡢰жߵһҼˣгγת·ʱҴ·ĸߺ·ġ·ӵĻʱǰʱǰгŵźͳִڰ塣һɫȹʵ°Ʈ衣Ϊģȹӱ˶Ҳٵ֮Ը⿴ǰ 
ҶôҹĽٰ˯˯ȵȣҹһҹǣֻڵһҹѹһΡţҸתţ§ڻ'ҵСһҵСһ"֮Ҿ˯ˡڷ紵ɹ֮ﳵƣͣǶһ˯ 
Ȳѡ·½ңҪѰǹҹĿջĸӹϵǼסޣֻڵǼǩ־СҲҪΪԼˣҪΪˡ"ʲôġ" 
ΨһһڰľͺաҺˣŵش·ӷ˳ȥͶҲһûѾŵĻ꣬øһ֦õ塣Ҹҹһ"Ϻáȡͣһͻ"Ļһʱվڷм䣬·һ룬ŭطɫ԰ס 
"ôܾһ֮أ" 
Ұѷ͵̺õ£§ڻ"ȡ" 
"ңȹϸƤһҵͳ˹ҵ촽ˣѪֱҸоʹұŻˣ־ֱۡ 
ûٴֱ۴Ƥ䵽˵ϡˣһδ޹ΣĿɿڴƤ޵úףϡϷź񭣬﷢ɳƵĺʱĺСվˮؿҡ 
Ӧð§ڻֲܣҲ֪ʲôǼ˲Ŀ޷Ǽ˲ִˣƤˣǼֻڡҸ˵ʲôأ 
߽˵ҵĻȭͷңץҡҿԱˣļڳ鴤öͷײҵءض˿һ 
"ǳͰɣ"һѳ˵"ҵģСһ㿴ȥʲôӣ'ȡʪëҵ°Ͳɾˡ"ôѪ"Ϊѵ˳Ȼѵ˿ӣ֮ԼҲ·ˣǾ 
"ô£Ϊʲôôߣ"һ㡣һжõõ˰ɡ 
"ô£ô£޴⣡㲻ܾôˡ" 
"Ҹһ" 
"һ" 
ҹϷĵطʲôûСվߡ¡ϡ£ңûҵ"Ҹ㲻ôһ£Ҹдһ˵ȥȡͣ̾ͻء" 
"дûп" 
"㲻" 
"ҵԸ㣬ûм" 
ǲˡһ𣿹εʲôطһ޵ءķŭѪ촽ܵ˺沿黹ҵΪѵһж 
һӦüѰѰҺԭѰΪʲôôΪԭ"Сһʲôɣ"һó˰˵ġ֮ˡϴͣĵط֮ˡȡš񡷺͡ı밮顷סֽŵظڡϲʫϲ˹ʱķװϲ壬ϲ棬ϲ׷ͬʱҲΪ˹ɶΪǸ֮ˣ£ֺУʲôҲԸʲôһЩԥ֮ļСʱ⣺"˰Աʲôְҵɣ" 
ֲԾô꾡ǵҲ⽲һǵҸһ档ǵĹϵøˡҿޣĺȱȼǿĺȸҸеСʼ¶һ棬ᣬǰһδѵ촽֮ǰʱؾͿ 
ķʽҲһˡܳʱȫָӣȡҲѧ˲ȡǵкԴʱѲȡλˡ 
һ׵ʱдʫΪʫûʲôֵҵʱܳ˺ͱʶͬʱЧλҲٴʶǵĹϵʱǶôСʫ 
ǳʱ 
Ǻ϶Ϊһ 
ǳʱ 
ң㡣 
ʧʱ 
 
֮ 
ң 
㡣 



 
 




 

 
  




12

ȻǵΪܺͺһΣڸĸǰЩȴǵΪڼڵһһڼĴۡҵĸĸͽȥУѲǵˡҵСãӦȥһλŮѼڼĻҲҪڼҸĸһҲȥһλѼס 
ع˵ʱҷһǳֵע⣬ǾҸĸ׼һʮкӶһڼһܵʱ䡣ע⵽ͨ뺺ȵĽѾö𣿻ֻע⵽˼µĲ˹βɴ˵óۣΪұ֮ǰΪĸģֵ𣿵ʱôʱںȹģҲǲ˵ʱǷԴ͡ҸĸΪѾָ˽Ϊغһһѧϰһˣ⣬ĸӾһȺ򣬸ĸܰעƽÿϣǼرĺϡʱ乻ˣ彡ԸϿΣҵĸĸеɡ 
ô򷢵ŮѼԱһڼҪʲôʱ˵Ҫһţп㡪ʱǰţпţпбƹװ㣬һһë£⡣ţпڵʱǺرĶʱ֡⣬ţп㻹Ǵʹͼķװнųұ봩崩·һҵҲҪҽ㴩·ǣûǮ 
"Ǿȥ͵ѣ"ҵÿϻ侲˵ 
׵Ծ¼Դ˲ͬͺŵţп㣬Ҳ˼ͺţҴַֿĿ̵ꡣǼڿ͵ġһ죬Һһʱװһ̯λﵽһ̯λֱҵڲȷ̯λΪֹڶ죬ҼҴҵŹϵĽŲ߹ץһë£صɹش˳ȥڴ֮ĵڶ죬Ϊ͵һ˿˯£̵̽ˡƴܣ˾ţ֮ӵкü꣬Ҷṳ̂뿼̵Ĵš 
һΣһҹ֮ÿҶ߸оĴڣŰѶӿƨϣϣַ鷿ϣҲҹʱֱȥһ쵽һȥ··һڼһܾζлͺһȹ߸ҹ 
еһϣҰѺ˹Ϊ˷æʱվڳҰѷ˶ʱվڲͿŵ֮䡣ԲԣͨҸλϣĴ 
һСϵҮҾߡǴ١ʽӡͻܣзڲϵĲ;ߡȥ׼ʳʱһǶʱѲˡһߵһ䣬վҸ׵鷿ؿſϣĿڲǽΣڶһƪ¡Ȼߵһǰظߵĵطֵʳָ鼹ƶһƵһܣһƵһ顣Ѳ䡣ڴǰͣڻ谵עܵķ͵Ӱ 
ǺĿе֮һҰڴУĵĻϷӳûб仯ʱҺܳʱ䶼ҶεءһһڡĻϷҪӳɡеһ龰ǺڳﴩͲ࣬һ龰Ǻվԡǰſ˫ԡһ龰ǺгȹƮ衣Ȼ󣬾ǺҸ鷿龰һȹʱǳ֮Ϊȹȥᡣָ鼹ߵ˴ǰתңת̫ˣȹôһ˲ȸסˣһȹӲƽȥЩƣ롣 
"Щֻ㸸׶ػҲдģ" 
֪дڿºͺڸ顣Ұ鶼˳ 
"ʶһΣ㲻ԸСһ" 
"ҡ"ҲԸ⣬ֲܾó˸׵Ǳڿµ飬ʶйڷѧͱ֤һΡҶ"" 
ңӻ˵벻޹ؽҪӡ"һҲд" 
ҡҡͷ 
"д" 
"Ҳ֪" 
"д籾" 
"Ҳ֪ȡ" 
ͷȻǳ˷ʳȥҷǳҵĴ˯Ը⡣ҼоߡûԱЩͨľֹԿóվڳվڿŵ֮䣬һߵһ䣬Ҹ׵鷿飬һԷʱľֹЩһ㡣 
ҰǼ˿˯͸˯Ϻɫģϸϸı̻¶ʽһֱϵףʵ⻬ȸ˵üЦµشԼת˼裬žӿһԼھе󣬽 
ҲǺеһ 



 
 




 

 
  




13

ΪÿѧĿʼһشתۡĿѧ꼶꼶شı仯ԭڵİ౻ɢˣǱֲ嵽ͬ꼶İ൱ѧûܹ꼶꼶һءԭĸС౻ϲΪࡣ 
ڵĿѧкóһʱֻҲʼŮʱ٣ܾȵط䵽ÿֻܷ䵽һַ࣬䵽ڶֱ࣬ÿ඼֮һŮΪֹԭڵİѧûôŮɷ֡Ϊİ࣬ǸࡣΪˣǰİ౻ɢֲ塣 
ֻѧʼ֪ЩУټһǷְҺͬͬѧһ𴩹տյ߽½ҡǵõλʣģҵλڵڶšÿһſΪһԡţмţԭϵͬѧ³򡤰͸Ƚ֣ȽϰǸĹ֡ԭİҺûʲôǵ°Ǻܿͳ˺ѡұߵĶŮ 
ҵƣͷɫ۾ɫƤյɹɫ¶ĸ첲ϳŽɫĺë֮һ£ЦЦ 
Ҳ֮΢ЦҸоãܸµİ༶￪ʼµΪŮˡ꼶ʱ۲ҵͬѧܰǷŮͬѧǶǣرǣǰţ߶ǳݵͶء˽ŮˣԺѺõء̩ȻദŮҲϲ°ҪǢദͬҲҪͬѧѺദ 
е˶һʱǸо̫ˣǣ֪룻Եȫܡ΢һ޳ɣΪڸ涼ܳɹұڸ涼ҪɹֻҪţͿԿ˷ѡһССʧҸеһ޳ɡ»õŴӲǳɹĽҲԼɼ˵ͬȴʲôɼʹܣҲ΢ĳɼܷо΢ǷΪ΢ĳɼеԺȫȡҵΡͺһҸо֮ܲϵѵң°༶ĿʼһҲˡ 
ǰĽģǰǽľƹ¹һŴ͸ʥɽμϢʱվڴǰʱԿĽֵһӡԼӶ԰һƬƺǰǺڰ塢ŵͼļӺͼߵС̨ϰŽӡǽͷߵĵط˻ɫᣬһ˸ϵĵطˢ˰ɫ컨ϵɫԲݡûʲôĶûͼƬûֲûжλûзǴߵ鱾߲ɫ۱ʵĹӡ۾СĻֻܰĿͶ͵ŮͬѧƲڿʱתЦЦ 
"׸񣬼ʹһϣ֣ҲûϣʱоŮͬѧ췭룡" 
Ƿ롶µҶİ棬ϲֱԾɺϲֵҵĻֻ輸ӣܽ״̬ʦҽְҺƵϵһʱͬѧǺôЦǵЦֹͣʱȴԭڳȶˡֱ۰۵ŮӦǺأƣӦǶеһ 



 
 




 

 
  




14

ɻʧ鲢ζɻĩյ١ɻʯͷͻȻ׹ִжʽĴͿͻ׹֮ǰܼаСʱʮӡڼ䣬˿ʲôҲоʧķɻͷķɻڷиоûʲôһȽСҲСһ㡣ȷǻͻķ硣ʲôʱ򣬵㳯⿴ʱŻֵᷢ˿µؽߡ߿СⴰϿʼŵӰʱ˿ܾСķɻر 
Ǹ죬ǵİ鿪ʼ·ҶԺȵİҵĳ̶Ҷһ֪ 
Ǳйʽʶԡһϰߡʶˡսƽⲿж˹̩ʷΰˡС˵ʮʮСʱʱ䡣ȻһأŵعעŹڵķչͬǣٰۣɯкͱȶ磬¶ɯͰһǽǵ磬һ˾һԶһһ˽һǱһԽڴ˶ԽԽϤȴһ㲻ӡڴ֮ǰҸʶ飬ԼսƽҲһ顣һԶΡ 
໥ԷǳƣʼСһˣøֲͬԴƺңʲôܡ󡡢Сʯõ塣һֱΪȣֱң"§ڻ۾һ붯뵽ʲôأ"ұ۾ʼ붯Ƥȥ⻬ʵҰַŵСȶʱеļ⿪ʼϵس鶯ϲӬʱƤ鶯"һƥ" 
"һƥ"ңԾҡ 
"㲻ϲ뵽Ϊȥ֮ã⻬ʵǿ׳ҲΪСȶڳ鶯"ҵ롣 
Сϵļ˵"һƥ"ҡҡͷ"ôᡭ" 
ǲԸһ򶼲ģɣͬǾܾĿע£׼бҪջһУǴⲻǡǣҪͽ⡣"ҿĲͬƺ㣬'л߶''С''С'뵽뵽ӻͷǹǻʲô㲻ϲĶ뵽õһ棬ů˳ͼǿ㲻СӡСèһֻĸϻЩɶһ棬ϲûС" 
ţֱͷ档Ŀն񡣹һתң沿رϡ"ǵģϲʱܸҽһ" 
һΣһȥٽĳУǶһҾԺǿˡı밮顷ǺȵһοϷһУݳмϢʱľơ§νǿܻǿһԡΪԼνԺͬʱҲ֪ҼľԺҾͲνˡҲ֪ 
֪ҵǸ첻ٽΧƵءѧУѧϰѭˡȥʱҳӾȥԽԽࡣӾأŮͬѧۼһһҵ򣬴Ϸƣһ֡ǰĿȹȥ˵ҪӺȵĹʱ߱ߡ֪ҵûʲô෴˶ͦȤҲ֪ʲôҲûҾָоպҲʱʲô£֪ʲô¡ǷȴںǶԸӾأ⣬ҺܳʱﶼҶԼǣȴӾףġչúźȽƣܲõؽӴң֪ҵաʱ˵ʮ¶ʮһգûҵաҲƽʱƣʱǣѵϣ뿪ȥӾأȥҵŮͬѧǶȥɵ˵Цֵ顣ҲֳʱȲʱֺʧȥˣҵĵⲻǣֱ§ΪֹȴǻԹޡ 



 
 




 

 
  




15

ҿʼ 
й¶ܻ֮߳ȵĳҲýģʲôûнýҲʲôûû͸¶ҺĹϵ֪ǲԵġıѡһǷܱܻǷ񲻳һ£Ƿ룬Ƿܱκĳ棬ǿġǣ¶˵˶ԴһϡıѣʹǵĹϵʧȥ 
ѲǵˣҵһηϺʲôʱյӾذͬѧ֮ĹϵչΪѵĹϵ°ϣҵ⡪ԭϵͬѧϲһϲʷѧĻʩأǺܿͳΪ֪ҲƳ˺ѡסҼҲԶҺȥӾͬ·룬Һ֮γ̶Ȼʹǳ齲ҺͺȵĹϵûҵʵĻǡֵԴǡ󣬵˶˵ʱٽȾ̫ˡ룬ô˲ŽһһִӡҳĬôʱΪǵĹϵ˿ҸеھΣֻ֪ûẺǶıѣƺ֪ʲôҪ飬ʵҲˡ 
ע⵽ҲǺ̹ʣⲢδıҵļڡһϣҺڻؼҵ·һꡣǶ㵽¼԰һ԰Ե±ꡣʱﻹδѧ¥ֻ԰ʱ꽻ӣŶ㣬ͬʱȻҡҪһ§ 
"ι"Ҷ˵ 
"ʲô" 
"㲡˺ܾðɣǻƵæµ㺦Ҳָ˽ҽô˵أÿȥҽԺѪҺ" 
ѺȵҸеɳܡҪ̸ʵ޷ݡ"ƣҵĲѾˣҵĸεҲԸ⣬һԺȾƣҲȡҪ"ʹææµµҲẺȡ"ΪʲôΪ顣" 
"㲻ʹ̸һ̸𣿻ʵ̸ȴ̸ֲ֪" 
Ҳ̸ǲ̸֪ԼҲ˵ǣվڵžʱڶ÷໥ȡůʱһָоǾҶҲֻжᵽȡ"Ҳһܽɡ" 
ǣҲûһˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




16

һֱ֪Ȳϰֲһʱʲô⣬Ͳҡûйͬ磬иҵһϯ֮أԴҸˡ֪һ㣬Ǹһ㣬ǾǵΪˡһеرʱһָоʲôҲʣ֮ȴܾشҵȴƿҵ⡣"ôʲô֪Сһ"ҵַĶϣ""ָ"Ҫϴ··ɨҪӴҡҪ̧˻ɹĻСͳˡ"ֵСĴָŵֵĴĴָʳָ䣬"Ļһ˾͸Թˡ" 
Ҳûڶڽϣ̵ڵӰԺһЩ˵ľϲȥĵطļһȥԸȥĵطʱ̸ӰƬѡؿеӰƬӵ¹սƬƬƬ˳ɡϲӰƬдĻƬϲһƬ˶رϲ¡κ˰һ˾٣ڶϱҪ˾עҪսܡϣ¡ǰͽ͵Ȱ롣if򿪣"ҪʲôΪһϲҪ"еĿȥǶʱʱϷŪض˵"ҪʲôΪһСʱ㲻Ҫ" 
ҽһ뺺Ȳڶµ׻³ٵǰһ졣 
кü죬ȵѰԴֱͬʱԵشһʹ伫ʹࡢкʹѹ֮¡ڼԼҪѹ³ױʲôʹʹ࣬Դ˵ķӦûضԴҡҲ֪ǺãҲоҵѵҲоҾȥͬʱ־ٴһ죬ѹˡǣ뺺ֺʹǰһˡʶ꡶սƽ֮ûϿʼʶһ飬ѴӦܣ˺ܶѡ 
"ϴ裬Сһ" 
߽Ҹеһһȣǣǲȡȴˮ¯ˮţ˼ϴ֮ϴ衣ǼǳɫĻȹ£ûдڿ㡣ǼȹڳʪĿ˺ܵϡö˷ܲѡʱҸеҪ鵽ĿǰΪֹеĸܣֱҲܳΪֹһûôĹֲǾģҴûоĹǣ龰ͺҪһһ 
"ȥǶɣ"Ҹ֮Ҿˡ֮䡢԰֮϶ȣ·ɹ⡣һȥӾأˣĺϷˮžžҶУԺңԶĵط֮ܶҺڴһҵģҲ硣ǱɫķˮвٳԱߣ̸ʲôЦĺͲҳݵ顣 
֪ʲôʱʧˣ֪ʲôʱӾֱúһҵ죬顣Ѽǲˣ̧ͷʱʲô 
վҶʮʮԶĵطһ̿㣬һĳϵŴӣȥ̫Զҿ沿顣ûܹȥ룬ΪʲôӾǷԸⱻҿǷԸǱ˿ǷԸǱ˿ΪǻδڶҸǺãվûעһգ۵Ĺ뿪ˡ 
ȴŶ̿㣬һϵŴӣҿ沿šҲǺеһ 



 
 




 

 
  




17

ڶˡʱһȥ塣͸ҿһɣüڵδδ졣 
¥̨ϡļһֱ֪·ιҲ跨ȥҲ뷽跨ȥ֪ʲôʱҲ£Դ˲ٸȤˡڣ뵽¡ 
㳡ĵ绰Ҹй糵˾˵绰绰תתȥ֪ȡʷ֥ûȥϰࡣֻص˻վ֣ԺľǶΪ˭Сҵõһֺ͵ַҾȥ˻ķ 
"ʷ֥Ůʿϰ˳ȥ" 
"ļҾأ" 
"ǲļҾߡ" 
"ǴʲôʱסǸģ" 
"ʲôϵأ"Ǹ͸Ŵ˵Ů˰Ѵˡ 
й糵˾İ칫¥ҵ²йصһλ˺ѺãҲܵǡ 
"ϴ绰ܼʱʹпܰű档˵ˣ׵زˡ"ҡͷ˵"ʮǰڵλϣҸṩһѵ˾ĻᣬһС" 
ԺҲȥǼǾ֡ע˻ȥ˺ûµַ 
죬עŲøĸֵܽÿڷϣҲǵ̸ĶҪŻ²ɣҲ̿ϴּ³ȥѧȥӾءӾһҵõƫƧĽʱ򷢵ҵ˼źȣǣ˼صҵĸθСվǶʱΪʲôûܹȥСʹڹȥļİİ⣬ְİ⣬ҷȥǶҵĳͷ 
ʱͼԼ˵ҿǸ˲ôȷžأʱҵȷûпѵϲĲȷǸǲ 
ǣ֪Ǹ˾վǶҡһжˡ



 
 




 

 
  




ڶ

01 
뿪֮ߵĶܼ˺óһʱ䡣ҲϰûҲĶ㷭鼮ʱֹͣʣЩʺʶһʱ䣬ҵŲٶôˡʱԼҲע⵽ҵĸ첲ʹ˯ʱѰҸڷϿҵЦ˵˯ʱкźȡһǵڿϻ겻ᣬֻ龰еʹֵĸθкʧˡұܿסķ·ңҵļҰᵽһҰѺˣǲ֪ʲôʱĻԼֹͣˣٰˡ䱻󣬾һл𳵼ǰʻһһȻڣʲôطǱţҿʱʻõǣҲطɡ 
Ҽǵãѧʹѧҹ÷ǳ죬ǣ˵óҸ΢΢ûʲôѧҵѧҵԺͳζѡķרҵ˵ûʲô˲Ѱ鰮˵Ҳûʲô˲ʲôڻ¡Ұһжúᣬһж˵ɡҲΪˣеݲ֮١ֻҵһָоҲڻڵΪҹҸĸоϵʵǰ׷ĻͻҸеʹѿ龰ҲͻʶȻҸ˶ԺȵĻ䣬ȴûսʤȲʹٵˣҲٱϥˣҲǷ˭ʲôٸеھΣκమȥҸеʹࡣʱҶЩûô˼ȴԵظоˡ 
˰ԴĿһеϰߣֵöκ鶼Ųʣ޶ԺͲҲκ顣һǵãλʦԴ˿úһ̸£ҺܰؾͰ򷢵ˡҲǵơں뿪вãƱϻзνˡԺȹĹҸϴѧʱˡе¶įѰѵϵҺ׾Ӯġһ˯֮ҵĲǶ˵"ôˣʲô£'һǵãҵ游ȥǰһȥʱҪףҶ˵ҲҺ޼ֵʱҶԼΪеմմϲֱľ˼顣ҲǵãһССʾƣҵĻǶԱ˵ģҼúҧסʱ򣬵Ӱһھʹ˼ҼľֶƸУԼš 



 
 




 

 
  




02

ּڷͥϡ 
ǲǵһζԼӪﷸĿͥУҲǹģܴһΡλھпһſΣϣѧǵİй̽׷ٲԴ˼ԷǵʱΪĶɴʷйصгоʿ֮һѼǲҪ顢֤߲ʲôҼǵڿǾͽֹ׷ӳͷйۡǷʱҵѴڵ̷йЩӪغ͹־㹻𣿻䷸֮ʱЩ̷ҪЩǷҲ漰ǣʲôǷǷĵĹ涨ʵʩصĶߣ±ʵʩصĶǷѱдģλһλڵ¹ѧһλˡԨѧʶͬʱֱһزμ˹һЩۣЩⶼЩܿѧʽ⡣"ϸ۲һЩˣҲκһΪʱɱ˵ˡ" 
ϵſڶѧڿʼͥг˺ܳʱ䡣һķͥͥСÿ춼ָһѧּ¼ۣһ 
ȥǲμſεѧԼȷ档ڹȥĿʷѾһ㳾ذѴ򿪣ֳܾķǻҪΪǵĺǵӾͬҲȫǵķ֪ʶҪУ˵ȷɵġĿǰΪֹǸӪĿػֵڷǳ˵ͬȷɵġЩÿغ͹ֵˣЩûֹǵˣһýҷǶûڱ˷ͥжǽУǴǵĿɳΪ 
Щ˵ĸĸڵ۹ʱڰݵĽɫҲȫͬЩ˵ĸײμսλλǵ¹ľ٣һλɴ⵳ľ٣мλ˾ǨǵĸĸҲнʦҽһλͬѧǺ͵۹µĸ߼ԱҸҿ϶ֻҪǶָǴ𸴵ĻҪǵĻ廨šҵĸײ뽲Լ֪ѧʦλΪԤҪһŹ˹ŵɯġΪһҳͼ͵ֲĳı༭ȫҶȹǳսôǴǿɳܵأһˡǶǴǵĸĸǿɳܵģܵĻǻǣΪһ֮Χﷸ 
μſεѧγһӵԼС顣ѧΪӪо֮࣬ԼҲ˳ƺǵΪһЩ˲Ȥ˸еȣһЩ˸еС룬˽οµʷͼҲ˽οʷĹֳ飬ȷ˷СǶʵԽ£ߺҲԽȷʹϢʵ࣬ҲҪʤظ߾ǡ⣡ 
ұμְȫǳں棬ΪͿԻˣһζͲ뷸¹ͷŴѧҰѾɵİԴĿһеϰҲ˰ϡǸԽԽ԰Σǲܴʵ԰ΣҲǲܴоѧֳ԰ΡֵֻһͬѧǵĿѧλ·飬ǣⲻ۶ѡԽԽز룬Ƿֵȫ顣˿ܻǾԣǱž룬ΪҸ߰Դ󡣿ǸļҸоǸоˣ˽ԼԼºҹµͬѧ 



 
 




 

 
  




03

ͥһУȥҪһСʱʱ䡣ǰǸдδʲôϵһλͬѧﳤģǳϤ 
һġͥһͿʼˣǰʱ䶼ڱ绤ʦΪ绤롣ǵ齫ҪǷͥԱ˵ֱ⽫Ƿͥʼ 
죬ǵɽ·ʢĹʻǵѧ֮ˣǸоԼǹڡںͼ¼Ա¼Ƕһݹס 
ͥһ֮Ľûеʱͥеĸûʺ谵ͥͥĴһŴ󴰻ɫĲסǴߣȴסĹߡڴǰĵĴֻܱϳǵͥλźɫ۵ķٺλԱڴ棬Ҳĳű˺ͱ绤ʦڶ࣬һֱڵм䣬ڵ˹ϯǰмλͱ绤ʦţокȡվǰʱҲϳȻ֣ȡʷ֥Ҳϳ壬ͷĲĿĺ󱳺ǿֱۣҸеİͷվǶͦأ˿ֱɳ´һɫĶ¡ϳǣʲôоûУʲôоûС 
ʵǷԸվʱ˵ǣǷһŶʮ¶ʮһںնиһطʮʱ˵ǣǷڰֵӹ˾һȥ˵ʱ˵ǡ 
"Ըȥӵ" 
"ǵġ" 
"Ϊʲô" 
ûлش 
"Ӹṩһְλȥ˵ӣ" 
ȵı绤ʦ"'ʲô˼ⲻǼһŮӦøϲӦȥûκɾҵί˵ľ⡣" 
ˡ˭һһλı绤ˣ˶ͣмλܿͱ¶ɴ⡣ȵı绤ֹʹۡǣܼ꣬ί˷ǳͬǵɴ۵ǵίҲʮֲһĻгȥ֪룬ʹԺΪʲôȥ˵ⲻٸʵףĻһӡǾǣȥǾ˼ǵģȲѡһλ󷨹˺ڵʲôȽ˵ӺƸŮ油أͱ¼ˡĽͣǣǶĲӡ޷ıˡ 
гҪ֤ʵ⣺Ƿֱһһֱڰ˹Ƿһһ֮Ķ챻ƷһСӪıѺһвĿĵأǷսʱǷԺ󾭳סءҵļס˰꣬סʱһط 
"סؾ֤ܵ"绤ʦúԵķ̿ʵ"ҵίÿθסضھֵǼǺעûκμ˵ҪܣҲβκ顣Ϊҵίָܵأ𹫷ߵΣգе޷̡ѵԳΪɵ𾴵ķɴʱץ˵ɣɴʱʢеɴ֮󱻷ϳˣѲˡ"绤ʦ˵ʱһڶʱֵĲĺ⡣ 
ҶԴ˸е𾪡ҷ֣ΪȻĺȻģΪǶ˿ظ桢ǴǿһɡЩһһ㲻֪飬ΪڵηͻҵУҵʧԶԶģԶɼڹȥΪеһֵһּ䣬һּ䡣绤ʦɹĻǾζұٴμ׼ҾͱʹԼǷμңҿôܲɹȵĿǰΪֹûͼܣôΪʲôҪȥôأʲôأǡǴһɡ 
гȥֲ֪ˡҷһƲߡÿΪĳ谭Ժеʱժ۾ýӵġ϶Ŀŷˣͬʱüͷ̸߱ܶѾ߿ʼʣ"˼ǡ""˵"һַʽһ˷ȷʵеԴ˲ȤͬʱҲʹűûõġ 
"˼ǴٴعûжĴѶӦûȥҾ֡Ժͷ٣ύһݳı" 
绤ʦύһı棬ͥˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




04

ͥһ춼ûдͬѧԴ˸е֣ڶԴ˱ʾͣΪһǵоһλܰһͬѧŴһͬѧˡ 
ֻһκں߿˿ĻһλŮشʱ֮ĿͶͥĳϡʹȥܰͬʹԵð˲̸ı绤ʦҲ˵ʲôͥʱԽ֮Ľ̸ҲԽ١ڷͥмϢʱվһ̸ڹϯϿʱֺڷͥϢʱԾλϡ 
һֻܴӺ濴ҿԿͷĲͼоͷĲļ硣йʱͷ̧رߡеܵ˲ƽĶԴʱ⵽˷̰˺͹ʱػشʱѼǰ̽ͱķǲɹļҲִδʹ磬Ҳδҡͷ̫ˣʼ硢ҡͷҪĶҲԼͷƫţҲԼͷ߿šӲţһʹࡣ 
ʱһͷشķеһڲϣڴ÷Ʈڡʱȴһȹںܴһ̥붼¶˳ʹҰϵͷȻȥǿ塢Ĳ龰ǣֻֻһּѣʲôоûС 
ڳ˼ܳķͥڼ䣬ʲôоûУҵĸоľһҲż̼ʮȥȱָصЩΪͬʱҲȥϵͷϵǿ̥롣һ´ҩĸ첲һ첲֪һ£ȴ֪Ѹ첲ˣҲֲָоһͰѶ߷ֵʮˡҲ̫󣬱ĵطһʱ԰ѪɫһѪҺͨĵطָֻѪɫǣоȴû֮ 
˭ҴҩأԼΪľʵĻܳܵľʲڷͥĴãʹܹԺȡҺңҵһλˣһλˣʹе˶ദƽƽڴѧദڼ븸ĸֵܽദ 
һʱ䣬ҷ֣ƵľҲԹ۲쵽ڱ绤ʦ۲첻ľʡڼ䣬ʼǳ֡ǳԸͣʱּ̣ʱ󳳴֡޳ܣ̶ȸݸʺʶͬȻʹǾƣߣʹǵҲƣ̶ǾһҹǵڶֺǰһһµˡЩҲʾÿ춼־ǲûдﵽԤڽΪͽ̫ʹ𾪣ľֿʼáľԱԱֵԡܵУЩµʵʱԵرֳ𾪻ǿʱ棬ʱʱǳɿԣʱżȻʧǵ沿ˡ໥֮ҲЦڶԷĶߵʲôߵһλ֤޾ϸ֤ʱҲʼͷ̾ڼ䣬ҪɫһλŮ֤Ƕȡ֤ϢʱȿֺͬѧǱµʵ𾪣ÿֻһηͥÿζҪԿµʷǵճʵȴոһյڷͥԹǵķӦ 
Ӫβһ½һµػβӦԼβܶľ״֮أľʣͬľʶԴɱ˺ЩҴµֲ϶ľʡľãʹΪ޼ɵʹöɱ˺ͷ˵Ϊ˼ҳ㷹Щﷸ˵пԿҲѶҺͷ¯ճԼÿúᣬǵ޼ɵĮΪһעҩ˾һ״̬Щ˺ԣնõرľУĳ̶ֳϣѱ˻ʯ 
ҶľʵĹԽоʱҲоﷸܺϵľʣҲЩˡ١Աٺͼ¼ԱЩйԱľʽоʱҰﷸܺߡߡŵˡҴߺ໥бȽʱҾ͸оȥоȻоıȽ𣿵ڷıȽʱȻǿӦĨɱﷸǱȥӪԸȥ֮ԼԼʹ໹Ǹ˴ʹ֮𡪡෴ӦرǿҪԣǣ˵𾪺ͷŭҵֹ۵㲻˵ָһַӦδҽָ֮ǰĻʡʱҾѾʼԼ⣺ӦζԴɱ̫˵ǶοµʷۣǲӦΪ޷飬ӦȥȽ޷Ƚϵ飬ҲӦȥѯʣΪѯ߱˰ǿµĹȥһ̸ġȻǶǿµĹȥɣȴΪŵܴӦýֳͣк͸θΪʲô֮ʣΪҲμоʱӵеͽ͹ȥڷͥڼʧˣǣкͳͷˣߵĺҲеǶʷǺŵܴͿ 



 
 




 

 
  




05

ڶܣͥ顣һʱ䣬ʹһʽȷСССĳĳкУΪΥĺͷġǵˡ 
涼ǿƷһСӪŮءƷǰ˹һΧӪһ괺ǴӰ˹Ǵһҹıըбըը˵ŮǡǼҹӪŮҪָ֮һǱڰ˹ΪһָȣһָԵòôҪˡѲǵһָʲôˡ뺺Ⱥ޹ϵֻ漰⼸λŮѵһָȶ԰˹ָؾͲҪ𣿻ͲҪһڰ˹ɴ˶ȴΪڰ˹Ϊ⵽ָأⲻԵ 
Ȼˣ沢ӪͷͷӪһָӹ٣һӻŮءһҹǱУ;⵽ը󲿷־ӵ˺Ůںըɥмλҹ￪СָӹٳþӵӰˡ 
ЩϵĺըбκܻǻһĸŮλŮдһڼӪǴе飬ͼԺҵ棬һҵ˼λ֤ˣжһ⵽ըʱǾסǸҪ֤˾λŮɫеĸסŮר˵¹Ϊĸȡ֤ͥٺͱ绤ȥɫСΨһûһƬΡ 
ҪһָڼӪнеѡÿ´ԼʮŮͳ˹ͬҲĿĸŮͽĿڼġе˶ЩŮڰ˹ɱЩͽĶڹľġһҵҩܵҩĹأǼҵҩŮǼûǱĹҪμӽΪһαըʹ⵽ƻ 
һҪָ漰Ǹ⵽ըҹһжһҹӺŮһѺüٺŵŮͽһӵĽ󲿷ִѾ롣û¼öըըĿҲǸĻ𳵵һҲڿϮһ֮ʣöըͶһöըպû˾ӺŮǹҹʦסլһöը䵽˽õϡǴ˻𣬽ǽõķȻõȫݵ˽õ棬ǣȫӶʼŻ𡣳صĴ˿Щȫ԰Ŵ򿪣ûЩڽĸŮˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




06

ͥԺ˵òˡʱûͥʲôӡ֮ҪԣΪΪЩ²ʵгŭز˵Ҫʼ֮ǰ㹻ʱо飬ҿѽҪߵʵʵҪ֤֤ʼʱгʶλŮдǱĵİ汾Ϊмҵ¹׼飬йص˶Ѿһݸ塣гŭĿעźȣ绤ʦ˵ʹͬȲͬ⡣ҲΪһγгϹõõԿ׵˵˵ûùǰԿףûùǰԿףûпõһԿףкöѿöŵԿףǶǣһԱѶ¼صȴһӣǷݼ¼Ķǩ֡ΪʲôҪǿ˿޼¡ʵΪǣȴִܹҸое󲻽޿κΡ˵ǿʱǴΥ˷ɡǣгȴģҷӦǿҡȵı绤ʦæĵΪ绤ʵǷǶί˵ǴΪʱ 
ҪָΪԩĵط飻Ϊ˶ǴĻҲܡʱִؿ飬ʱĸԸسϣҪͨÿȨͨķʽ޷顣ǣûע⵽ĹִгǰϵûиϷûиԼĺͱ˵ı﷽ʽûи֪̻ͷȡڱ﷽ʽΪֲȱݣı绤ʦǸḻŻ߸һĸֲСȲΪԵرֳĲΣûѡʦʦгΪָģΪб绤 
ʱҲȡĳʤһǵöڼӪѡһеѶĳʱĳĳϲ˴£ȴĸԸسϲ˴£˵Ωһһһһ˴¡һгͲò 
"ѡνеģ" 
ǼλŮȡһܵͬСķΧڣѡͬĿҲ˵ÿѡʮܹΪʮǣѡڵͷº͸߷ҪľͬеŮҪһ˭ñͻȥ 
"ǵû˻رܴ£İе" 
"ǵġ" 
"ѵ֪Щȥ" 
"Ȼ֪ģµҪıҪõط" 
"ΪҪڵط˵İɣ㣬㣬ͱ뱻ͻȥɱ" 
ûŪгԴʲô⡣ 
"СΪҪĻôأ"ǰΪһġ֪ôһȥʶг 
һʱѻȸгⲻϺ¹г򡣵ǣⱻˣе˶ڵгĻشش𣬲ܱܿԵۻ÷ʵķʽܾشÿ˶ԼҲףҲŭıĹơŭıһߣ⸱ߵıΪԼشӮһʱ䣬û̫ʱ䣬ӵʱԽǵڴԽվԽţĻشͱԽá 
"ЩǸͲȥҪĻǾͱرܡ" 
˵ȻԼҲ㹻ˡ̸ֻǱʲôʲôʲôҪʲôۣ뺺Բ֪Ǵʱ£ӦʲôǲгĻشԵ޿κΣ޷˶ͬСҶʧغ˿ĳ̶ֳӮⳡսĺȡǣȱڳ˼ 
"ôҪǡûСҲӹ˾أ" 
ǲ򷨹⡣ԥʣΪûаڻȷԣѰĴ𰸡 



 
 




 

 
  




07

ʱִؽп飬ʹгΪջͬʱĸԸϴҲ档ǶԼı绤Ƕǵı绤ʮֲ 
֤ϱԱҴĸŮдǵһҪָصһ֤ϡһõı绤ʦӦܹڲĸŮ֤ʵ¾ܹŷزضǼλѡָءһԣ֤ʲȷҲܾȷΪϾһָӹ١һӺŮأԼһ´Щȼоֻһɲ֣ҲֻܿصĲ֡ƵڵڶָҲڣĸŮѺڽܾ֤Ȼ治κνڣ˵ǵʱֳΪʱЩ֤뱻潻̸ڻǵǣǣЩ֤˱Ҫעֹǻ˵ǿ԰ЩȳġǼλڳĻѵǾƷ˼Ů˶ԼѽõŴΪ˼ǼλΪ֤˵Լĸѵվһǲ˵ʱǶھӵı֮𣿲˵ΪȷʵûܣǼλƵΪһҰսҽԺԱֻ뿪˺̵ܶʱ䣬þֻ 
ı绤ʦʶĲںĸԸϴʱֻһԡúϴԣζƵϣԴ˼С绤ʦǺרҵزɫţԷŭǴΪ 
"˵֪ȥֻ˵Լ֪ͬʲô֪Ҳܲ²⣬ȴն϶" 
ʺȵһλı绤ʦ 
"ǣǴҶ֪" 
"'''Ǵ'˵˵''˵'Լ'Ҫ׵ö࣬һˣڼӪбˣÿζλĹÿһʱͻһλô°ɣ" 
ԥ˵"ţҲǻһһ 
"˵ѻļһĸαģһ˵ģ"һλһ컬ࡣ̶ĺһĸ򿩿Ŀ˵Ȼŭ 
"İɣ˵'֪'ĵطĲ룬''ĵطɣ"'λ绤ʦҡͷԵõĿ϶ĻشȽϵġ"֮µˣеʱͻһ˹аߣû£" 
ûлش 
"ġ˵ѡѵˣڴҶı󡣵ǡ" 
"ģ"ڽ֤֮ϯϵλŮס˵"ôܰ¸أ"гǷ벹֤ʡûеȱǰȥվڹϯλϽ 
"ǵģİˣᡢĹеһλǱǣǸɻǰŽϺõסʳϸϺõչˡϣѹǶǲ˵Ϻʲôǵʱ룬Щһ𡭡ΪҲߣԼȤȻƵġʵô¡һ죬λﻹ˵˳ǲ֪ЩһϽһϵΪʶҪõö࣬Ҳڽظɻ۵ҪõöࡣһôģĻҲ¸ġǣȷʵ"ˡ 
תңĿһӾͲ׽ңҲʶ֪ˡֻǿҡ沿鿴ȲʲôҲ׷ʲôڱ֤ŵʲôҿóǶôţǶôƣȦǺڵģߴϵ¸һϤƣȻ̫ȴһ̺һעˣƿĿ⣬תͥеĳӡ 
г֪ȷʵλ绤ʦǷҪʱ档֪ȵʦǷҪʡӦ룬ѡĹǷΪǷܲ˽ǷΪܹҪ˹ǷΪʹ󼸸µӹúһ㡣˵ѽȣ˵ʹӹúһ㡣˵ѡǵԭ˵ԭҲԭ 
ǣ绤ʦûʺȣԼҲʲôû˵ 



 
 




 

 
  




08

λŮдĹڼӪǱĵİ棬ڷͥнų档ȻڷͥڼѾвݸ壬ǣֻ˰йص˲ܵõֻöӢİģԵʱ˵ǼͬѰΪ顣һδȫյܻ˲һе롢ǶǵĸоرϸضǱ飬ԾûΪԼĶдһǶҲеİ 
ԺضǱ飬ҷ֣־鱾ɵġûбϳκˣҲʹκͬ飬ĸŮԼһڲͬļӪڰ˹ͿƷ˹ͬ˵ЩˡǼӪԪϡŮأǾǵ󶼲޷ǵΪгǰѾľʡȻľУλŮûʧȥ¼ͷʵûпɴ˲ԾʶûʹˣӪǼ꣬ˣһѧʽְ˳侲͹۵һУдԼvഺں죬ҪĻĻǡ 
мûгֺȵ֣Ҳûκζ뵽ϳʱΪеĳһλƯŮؾǺȣִʱ浽ɥĵزǣֲܿ϶ϸضһĻǸŮֻǺȡлŮءһӪλŮһλ"ĵ"ŮصƯ׾ְأп飬ŵЩ߻ӪһλŮءҲֱ𣿺֪Щ𣿵ҰΪһƥʱǲǻЩҪ 
ƷӪĸŮȥ˹һվ֮£ǸơǶĻȻأЩʳЩ˯һҲϰٺ˯һʱľ巿ҪáҲůһЩŮǿԴӹؼӪ·ϼһЩľĴǿ±ѡֿ־Ҳڰ˹ءÿʮŮҪͻȥʮǴӴԼһǧбѡġһֻӵһϣʮ£ңϣһˮƽ⣬Ҳⳡսڲʮµʱͻ 
żӪıɢǨٴν١ʱֵ¡ʱڣѩءŮϴ·ڹǱͣڼӪ˳ܣڱѩͲԵֺˡǵЬӾ͸ˣͨƲֽģЬվʱܲɢӣڱѩг;ͲܲɢˡЩŮ˲Ҫ;棬ǳСܡ""λŮʵش"Ǹɱ"·ϾͿˣһǽ¹ҹҲˡһ֮ЩŮмһ붼ˡ 
ҪЩŮǰֻ֮ǽҪöˡ֮ǰǾͥԺǹҹʱӺŮǾͷֱռס˵ķ䡣һڱĴׯס˽ʿסլŮסһֺǽǺõöĽˡڴõȣʹ಻ϣˡЩŮ˯ˡ󲻾ըõȼʱڽֻüȼȴ档̮ҵݼֹܺ˼Ӳſü⣬Ҳһһش˽ȼ·ȼŵķȼκͲ̳ݼܺܿ˴ãһжȼ 
λŮΪЩŮЭҿеһŵĻǻǿԵþȵġǵ׹֪ʲô£ʲô½ҪԼû˸ǿʱΪʱнõըǾʱֵڵҹкһֻüϵһֺ;ΪܸõŪôһ£Ƕס˺ǻ淢žžʱڴ˸ͶͷϵըζŴӵ˷ŮֱݼϵĻԵؿüʱ򣬲ʶЩһʶЩͿʼ󺰴УǾʧųȥһ߽кһƴҡʹŴš 
ȼյķ¡¡ʱǽƤʹƸһ¯һŮ˲ϢǱȼյĴġ󣬴͸պ˽õƤţǼСʱ֮ˡĸŮܻȫǽҡЩŮ뾪ʧʱҲСʵ޷ܣӵ˽ǫ̃ϡǶνֻ뵥ţԶЩ֨ҽеġּȥġŻŮˡ̨ϺխխȼŵķûдĸŮذһվǽߣšǴȼաǵڶǶ̨߳ȥҹĻٺںڰֵĺ̨ףҲ·ڵʱ֣Ǵӽ߳ʱ˼λ񡣴ǲ֪룬ĿɿڴǶ˵ǸʳȻˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




09

"ΪʲôŴ򿪣" 
гһһÿ涼ͬ⣬ÿ涼ͬĻش޷򿪡Ϊʲôе˵ըнʿסլʱˡе˵ըŵôľе˵ںը֮Ҫ˵ľԱ˵ŮأǴӷоȳΪǰǡе˵û뵽ãڽøûпŻҲûӽﴫĺ 
гһһؾǣȥȫô¡Ǿ˼Ǻһֽ﷽ʽ˵ɴ⵳ӵĵ﷢ֵıصһ£ǾʹˡȥȷһΡָյᵽ˭ڽסլﱻըˣ˭ˣ˭Աû͵һҰսҽԺ˭üճ͡ᵽŮǱĿǵȺվֹӺֹǳûܡҲᵽǵ 
ǵֲ棬˵Ů֮СȻŮΪֹܣ˵ӽʿסլԱ͵ҰսҽԺĹûȫӱпԿЩŮýĴȼգֲ򿪽õĴšЩŮм䣬ӱпԿ⼸λڡ 
ô¡һһ˵˵ƪǴġｲµŮصֹƵӣֻƾһͿԿƪĻôǺ˵˵һ񣬼ֹûܣͬҲǺ˵˵ֹܣǲҪԼƵģҲȥƵģûκ˿ܵƵġƪϵΪǵĹܵʹ࣬ȫߵˡôһƪ˴ı棿ҲԳƲ֪ 
ֵλ˹̶ıʱ˵֪"ɣ"ָź˵"дƪ棬ֻһڱԼǳȥ" 
гʹ˺ȣ⡣ĵһǣ"ΪʲôûаŴ򿪣" 
"ڡҪ"ѰҴ𰸣"ǲ֪ǲǡ" 
"ǲ֪ǲǣ" 
"ǵеһЩˣһЩ˿Сˡ˵ҪԱҰսҽԺȻٷǲٻˣǶԴҲʮҲǸûȥҰսҽԺԱǵƲʮءǻ˵ԱҪطûʲôòԸôŮһߣҲһˡҲ֪ȥĶ" 
"ʲô" 
"ǲ֪ʲôһжúܿ졣ʿסլˣнõǣСʼʱڣǾ뿪ˡתֻ֮ʣǺͽŮǸһЩǲáʹǻǵĻǼŮ˵ܰʲôæأǸοסôŮأ·һУǽһҲģĶ飬Ҫ⼸Ů˶ö"ͣһ£"ȻǿʼԽԽءǴʱŴе˶ܳĻ 
гһʣ"±սʤ" 
"ǡᡣǣʹ¾ͷأһһŵģһԸ־棬һͼܵĻ" 
гֵһǣûаǾ仰˵ꡣ"һܵ鷢ᱻᱻоᱻǹ" 
"ǵȻ׵ܵģǾǸġҵ˼һֱڿǣڼӪо·ϡǿǵǲܡΪˣǲŲ֪ǺãҲ֪жںܻѾôˣʣЩŵҲѾ" 
ע⵽˵£ûĿ˵ֻܾΪ˵Ҫ˵飬õȥȥ͡˵Խ࣬Խ⡣еάȣתгʵ 
"ҪĻôأ" 
ǣһԼҲ֪õشڴشûõһشгĬҡͷ 
ǶԺֲ֪޷Ǹҹ龰䣬ѩ𣬽Ů˵ĺУЩǺͬǵ˵֮زز£ųûʲôأǣΪʱЩĴȷʵѾͿԼǵǾͿԶǵΪôе𣿾Ϳ԰һĶҹһϡٵĵ·ϷһԱĳΪ±֪ǺãߣǲǷӳǶӦõ֮ìأǿǲԸȥ龰 
"д" 
"һ˸дʲôǲζƵЩС˵ϣҲζԼϡ" 
"˵һˡ˭ִıأ" 
"ƣ"λָźȡ 
"ûд˭дģҪ" 
һλʦһλרҶԱͱʷŮʿбȽϼ 
"ҵ壿Ҫҵ塭" 
гλʦкȵı绤ʦһ˵峬ʮ֮ǷܱͬһԣǷ˱ϳעţ廰˵ʲôҪʲôԽԽ˵"Ҫרңҳϱдġ" 



 
 




 

 
  




10

Ҷÿ춼Ըμӵֻûʲô䣬ʹһ䷨ͥΣҲǲǶЩѧǾʲôۣҪ֪ʲôλڶʲô 
ǣȴǵЩաڷͥЩ죬ʹҶԴȻɫʺϢµĿڽڼպҰѧϰµĿγ̾ܶˣϰʱܸϣҲɱѧڵѧ֡죬ǳȥ 
ʥɽã˹ѧ֮·Ӱһһ죬ߵ·߽кСı䶯һڽһڣĴȻ÷ḻʡ仯ݡɫƽԭʱУʱУʱСɭҫʱŵû㣬ŵù𣻵ˮĽʱõϢõȥµҶζһ㲻ҪҲѰұĶԡгһαһԶЩ´ζȼٵĵطͨϴζȼʱֲϲĵطкóһʱ䣬ΪӦøһЩӦǿԼȥͰһȥϤĵΪǼԾɵص˽⡣Щطҿĸࡣ 
ɭַҽҿܵĵطǲһʲôرĵطʱҲûʲôر֮ûбһľͱڣûʲôͬһĿԿкƬƽԭӽǣûʲôʹ벻롣ܶʼԺȽ˼Ҿһ뷨׷뷨Ҳó˽ۡǽƣ֮ʱҲ֮ա洦ɼ洦ɼһһǳϤڷܵ˵ġ㾪ȵĶⲿ磬ǲġҵó۵Ĺ̾һһ·ϣ϶͵ɽ£ٴԽ·پһȪȻ󴩹һƬɭ֣ǹϵġյĲ֮Сԡ 
ȼȲҲд 
˸ʶﳵʱҳедԵù﷢ҵʱŴ²ݺҵڴԼӱй糵˾ΪƱԱ㣬ѵ˾㽫¶ţŻرӹ˾һŮأΪ˱ͼרҶʣƪдġҲΪڷͥƴΪȲܶλŮдǱֲῴظʣſΪԼ绤ĻᲢΪӦ׼ҲΪŰܵչ˵˹ΪǷɱҲΪŰЩı֮ 
ԭΪԼȲҲде߳ܣԸҸеĪҲԸԼ⡣Ҷ߳ܶȥرܡܾαװ˺˵ЩΪᣬǣڷͥϺͼӪеΪΪԲдеɳΪһäһﷸȱ¶ԼǸﷸ±¶ԼǸä 
ʱʹʱҾԼ⡣ȵĶǺ±¶ԼΪʲô¶Լһ޺äҪ¶ԼǸµﷸأΪʲô¶ɻô޴ô٣ôаΪ˱Ⱪ¶ȥﷸ 
ʱʱǾܾ롣ҶԼ˵ûȥûнӹ˾ΣԾؾŮءľûΪΪʶͰЩ˹رѡΪʶΪʹڱ˹ǰ󼸸µӹúһ㡣ľڷͥϣûڱ¶ԼäǱ¶Լﷸ֮áû˼УΪֹȱٲԡɱ֮ԷҲԸ¶ԼäеĶΪԼ棬Ϊ塣Ǹɱ壬ΪҪαװԼΪδϲδȫҹ壬Ϊ˶еķܶķܶ 
ҪʹȫڷͥҪҪҪԶܶĿĲΪʾ飬顣һζŽڽڰˣʤʧܵ 
뿪ҼʱĴҵʱ֮ڷ磬ַ粻ͬѰشҡʮֿ϶ǱҸߵģΪѺͷϹ뿪й糵˾ȷʵӱһα¶ûаߵһʵ˿ûиıұһʵ˵ԾɸΡ˵ûʲôεĻΪһﷸظʲôΣ˵ҸΣΪϹһﷸ 



 
 




 

 
  




11

ںȳƪдģͿɵسˡ˵һ˴˵飬ͱȡвǿһָӰԼִִԣ 
Դˣ֤ĴȲ֤ʵֲܷǿȼյĽñഩƷŮ˿ţûб򿪡ԼҲȥšǵڶϿʱǣЩϳǡǣֻڳλǷʩߣǷλڷʩҲ˵ 
"ǲųλ˾ɣһλı绤ʦָź˵ 
ǲųôųԵظϣƣ룬С͸ʹ࣬Ҳųֿԡ֮£ȾǸͷͷ֮⣬иͷͷҲ˴ǵĸһġ쵼ŮǰûԮܱ֮һﲻ֪ŮǰûԮ֮Ҫõöࡣ 
ȼţԵͳϣͷķԽԽԽԽ꣬󣬵̶ͥеȡ 
磬ֻڱʵ˵Ļش̶ҪʱġΪ˸ԵؿѾˣ˵ʱҲվгҲȵע⵽һ㡣ڷͥտʼʱгζ˵վŽʱһһָо÷ͥӽβʱѾսˣ뾡˽ᣬҶѾĲɣھܶԹȥٻصʵ 
ҲеˣȴܰԺ󡣶˵ûнǸոտʼһڣͻȻ֮ұ˲ߡһͬϷ˺͹ͬߡҲûȥѰҺѡһµĽɫȴõԸ񣬲ǲȡǱ 
ʲôĻҲֻһ¡ҿȥг˵Ǹä˵ǸǲҪΡڷͥϵ̸ֹ˵رִǻߺ޳ܣֻ˵ظʺǱǰȱ˽ʶҲȱսսʶĽΪԼ绤ΪȻΣβȥش 
ҲҵĻгŷǣһʹȥ˼ȥоս֤ǶԵġȾܽܵͷ𽫻ᡣҪΣǻЩʱ򱻷ųЩʱػɡѵΪЩ 
ǵģΪ˶ģԸΪ˻óɹ¶ԼǸäΪ˸ۡҲԸΪڼٴԼּۻۣû˵˵ΪҼֵ׼Ҳֵá 
ǣ˵ֵαġġɥʧġʹ޷ʩչܵҼֵܵõʲôأʵԵľѧϰѧдˡ 
ʱѾ̽֡һ£ٵԼٵԼ㽫һ˷ҩ޷ȵĶƷֳʦڽ˶Ʒ£ܸʦһηͥһ潫ܵͷǸƲӣΪ˸е߳ܡԼһƲӣһʵʩΪܶԷͥ˵һ£ĳһͬߣΪͬĳΪֳһͬ߶˵ࡣⲻǷӦóһƲӻһͬߵ⣬һ룬ǱΪԼе߳ܵ⡣ 



 
 




 

 
  




12

ҾҸ̸̸ΪǱ˴֮޻̸ҸǸĬԵˣȲܰĸЩӣֲܽǴĸ顣ںܳһʱҲֻͨΪ̲ŷḻġûзıءǺһǶǷʲôҲʱйḻĸ飬ûб쳤վָͱÿήˡ 
Ȼ֮žҲ̸ҵ̸һλѧңдйؿºͺڸ飬֪дйص⡣ҲӦҵҽг֣̽ҵֻЩնӡ 
Щ͸̸ĻԴѧһԤԼʱ䡣ڼ﹤ֻĽֿʱȥѧҪ̸ͬºѧһǵѧųӿȵǽϵţеĶʲôеĹ͹ĳз羰ͼҲеͬѧضǶĬֱЩӴкʱŻһεʺ븸Լ̸ȻȺ򣬵ǣҲҪԼõʱȥ̸źýȥʱܽȥ 
Ҽ׵鷿һ鷿ҲǺָѲ鼹Ǽ䣬Ĵֵзݡڶ鷿Ĵƽԭʮɽ棬СЩӳԺҵĸĸԾסǶ⴦ӵĴǴӵĴһ͹ʽģ͹ʽģ·ǹڷһҸ׵鷿鼮ֽš˼롢̶ð໥֯һʹ˲ָѹָСҶǼϤİ 
ҸҰȫ̶;˵"뷨ͥйأ"ҡͷʾ⣬ڴõشҲҺͲ֪Լ˵顣֮ų˼ͷһߣַӵķ֡ûпңȴϸشͷǹεúĺԼǴӱ쵽Ǻ֮ơҵš 
ʱȰѻúԶ̵ζԴˡɺϣ̵Ұ˵Դ˵Դ"㻹ǵСʱѧʱδ𣿰Ѻӷεʲô̶ȣĵȷȷǸ⡣Ǹѧ⣬ѧֺ̽⣬ѧѺǽ˽ѧɺڽѧǶҲûܵܺõչˡѧѺˡ"Цţ"Զˣżˣżһ" 
"ǡ" 
"ڳϣҲԿʲôɿ԰ѱΪкôĶԼΪǺõĶ֮ϡ" 
"'ǺԴ˸еҸĻҲ" 
ҡͷ˵"̸۵ĲҸϺɡ㻹ǸСʱѾ֪ǵˡⲢûеõο" 
ҺԸ͸׵Ǵ̸ѾˣֱȥҲſʼڳ˯ļѰûõľõĸܡҵʱҾ治ѵ˼ʹҷǳҸʱװѳĶһʹе󣬵ǣջǰ˵ȥˣҲȥг̸ҸԼ̸Ҹеظ 
ҵĸ׿˵"ϲѧ" 
"ԡҲ֪ǷӦòȡжǱȡжȴֲжĻ룬ԴһеǳҡҸе"Ҳ֪˵ʲôáеɣеοе죿ȥºͲΡڸоȥȵָΣҲ˵ҸоҸежظá 
"о"Ҹ̽ʡ 
ҵͷʼ硣 
"ⲻĽ취ȻˣһشĻǾͱҪȡжһ֪кôȴ۾ӶʱǾͱŬ۾Ӵ¡ǱľǱ̸̸ʲô̸" 
ͺ̸Ҹú˵ʲôأ˵ʶԣ˵Ϊ޴ĻԶһ˵ΪԶֵã˵Ӧȡٶ׼ޣԱڳ֮ܿʼ׸˵ʲôأ˵ʲô̶ȣӦ¿ʼأҲΪչʾһԶҲ֪ʲôԶҲ֪Ҹ͸˵ʲô˵ЩĽںԶǸΣҲ֪Ҳ֪׸˵ЩʲôĲ֪ 
Ҹף"ǲ̸ܸĻǸôأ" 
ɵؿңԼҲ֪Ѿˡⲻʲô⣬ұ⡣ 
"޷㡣"Ҹ˵վҲվ"㲻ߣֻǱʹ"վţ˫ѹ"Ҳ˵ܰ㣬Ҹеźҵ˼˵ΪѧʱΪһףҲܰԼĺӣֱ޷ܡ" 
ҵţ˵ˡҷ¿ء֪ʲôʱӦöǶӹĺܸذǡ룬ԼҲҲҵȷеԳܣǣҶܶ˵ʲôˡҸеΣҾҲΡ 
"ðɣԺ󡭡 
"Ժʱ"׿˵ 
ҲĻһǵͷ 



 
 




 

 
  




13

£ȥɫУΪܡ֤ò˼죬ǷٺʦǰѹҮ·䡢άڸǷ򼰺캣һι˽˵Ķȼ٣ȻҲ⡣ˣΪⲻ 
Ҽƻȫѧϰǣ鲢δС޷оѧϰ޷оǽΣ޷о顣ҵ˼һһεؿСҸ档 
ҿվȼյĽԣ齩ӲźɫƷִޡѩﻭСԲȦȻóͳѥһ߿ҿΪʶ۾ţ⣬ۡʶʱʱʶߣ˹λġͷϳɫͷ۾ӵĳʼǽڣλҲ·ŮǱλʶӲϳȥҿżӪ·ţסʱľ巿ලǸɻͬӲı顢Ŀ⡢΢촽һСͻȻͷظɻܵǽߣǽ޲ʧǽʱܲϰжߡվм䣬ſпʱıªѿеѿҿõ̮õķϣ졣ŮǾĺҿڶϱջٵĽá 
龰֮⣬ֿһǸڳﴩͳĺȣǸԡԡĺȣǸгȹƮĺȣǸҸ鷿ĺȣǸھǰĺȣǸӾŵĺȣǸʶҽ̸ϲҡҵĺȡЩ龰ҵسҵԺʱΪ⡣ȵУǸű촽ġҵĺǸĿĺȣǸĬʶĺǸʶʱûǽڵĺȣǸҽ̸Ǹĺȡ͸ЩΣξУǸ顢ר衢ֱпĺȾȻҵҴſͷߺ޴֪ԼǺˡ 
֪ЩѾ΢ףϤʶĺ˵ƽǺģƻĿеĺʹڼӪ龰 
ڻ뵱龰ʱҷ֣˾Ӫıɱ龰ֱǶô١֪˹ĵĴšľ崲ɶѵͷ۾͵ӡ֪ȿ觼ӪĴšȺͻ֪ͨһɭӪ˾ڽӪʱֲʬɽͼƬ֪Ϊļƪдıǣ౨ս󲻾óġֻ֮ǵ˰ʮ౨淢Сս󵽰ʮڼ䣬౨ĳ淢Ŀô͵ӰڣӪͱǴҹͬһ֣ӪʹǹͬӵеʵԴӵϵƬɱ͵ӰƬ硶Ƽľ񡷣ǵӰյӳʼϻԾ󲻽ʵһ֦Ҷ֮ǰǵǾֹģΪڼӪﷸµĺŵڻԾ˾ƬдıУ뵽һЩ龰Щ龰ǵʹǱԽԽ 



 
 




 

 
  




14

Ҿȥ˹ʹҽ˾ͿԶȥĻҲȥˡǣõǩ֤Ҫܵʱ䡣һҾȥ˰˹˹³غһӪҴδκһӪҪʵе֮ 
Ǵȥģǵڴ˿һ·ϣ˾һƿһƿعơƣҲǵһλ۳˾Ű׿˹˹֮ҵʻ˵ģһ˹³غ̫ԶСС 
Ҹ˾Ҫȥľطʱ˵ˡһۣǴҿΪʲôõĽ̸ͻȻĬˡеͣϸұߵ̫Ѩпɫ̥ӡһܺڷߡȥע˵·ϡ 
쵽ǰĸɭɽһƬꡣǴһƬ԰һġɽȡߺұߵбҶɺҶɻ쳤ɭ֣ż·һʯһשΧġ۶ĳһԺһͱСڲ֮Сʱ·߶У·ʱߣʱұߡ 
Ĭֿ֮ˣΪʲôҪȥι˹³ؾѶ̺Ҷֱѷ 
"ŪףΪʲôôֲ顣"Ļȥе㳰ĿǣǣҲϵĵطɫʡûһشֽ˵"Ūʲôأ֮ɱʱǳڿȣʱǳڰ߳ںޣΪΪ˸" 
ҵͷ 
"ʱΪ˲ƸȥɱˣʱΪȨսУһжҪɱˣҲ" 
ֵͷ"ǡ" 
"ǣЩڼӪɱ˶Щɱǵ˲ûʲô˵˵޺ս'" 
Ҳٵͷˣ˵û˵Ŀԡ 
"˵еս޵ɣֺ޲ҪˣҪΪǰ£ΪΪΪ̸ͷ̸ۼӪľӵõǱҪӵЦ"Ҳ̸ͷûѭκĹĲ޵ˣǱѩޡɱǣΪǵ·߶вͽǶ˵ȫνģǶ˵˵νɱɱǶһ" 
˵"û''˵һ˶һ˲νûѧûѧҪһ¹棿˵ϣʲô" 
ұŭˣ޲ߡһʣһ仰һƿԵĻ 
"һΣ"˵"ҿһǹɱ̫˵Ƭ̫һ˿ҵųڵţмλվһӵıϣֲֳǹǾǹʿ·һʯ̫˺ϷλǽϵĸϣŶȣһ̡֧ȥеƲ֣Ҳǹɱеû졣ǣǸеĳ̶ֳȵ㣬죬ҲΪĻҪˣҺܿҪ°ˡ̫ˣǡ" 
"ɣǽϵĸϣ" 
ѳͣˣɫ԰ף̫ѨϵĹ"ȥ" 
˳תͷķʽʹҲòæֱ¼䴦Ȼһвƽ 
µ·ϣû߿üľķʱ丵Ϫˮ˿һ֮ҵ˼Ӫ 



 
 




 

 
  




15

ҲǰȥǶһΡһֺĶաˣɭװرѩǡӪһĳأشбɽݵϣҫ۵һƬããǶԶĸɭɽȡļĺһľ巿ıɫľͷ밨ѩγһгĶաȻˣٲ˿ΧɵĴţ"˹³غһɴռӪ"ӣҲΧƼӪܵ˫˿ڲľ巿֮䣬ԭľ巿һ䰤һţǳܣڣ汻ѩţʲôҲϲΪ׼Ļѩб¡ڴʷ񴰻ġɰľ巿Ⱥ٣ʱᱻȥԵɿ 
ӪûšֻΧѩȥЬʪ͸ˡҿԿӪȫòʹҵһβιʱѾľ巿ǽǽ̨ġҲʹ˵ʱһľ巿չĻ¯ηľ巿Ҳʹһ𣬵ʱͽ͵һļӪʲôӣ;ӶʲôӣʹʲôζҵȷŬһľ巿۾˼һߵһ䡣ϸزһľ巿Ӳռӵ̶ȡ˵ľ巿̨֮ͬʱҲǼϵĵص㣬ʱļӪͷȥһŵĺ󱳡ǣҵһͽ͵ġһֿġ߳ܵʧܸСڻȥ·ϣԶɽµĵطһҷĶ棬ҷһ䱻ҵСӡˢɰɫŴʯͷΧȥֿ֣⣬סªҡҲšҼǲǷҵʱ档û³ڳ÷ţһͿˡ 
ڻؼҵ·ϣҶڰ˹Ĵȥȥһҷ緹˼ɡǣҵĹ˼ɲǲһĸܣǲһ˼һֲιһӪ֮е˼Լʶ㣬ʼ硣ڸɭɽԵĴҵһΪ"С԰"ķꡣҵλϿԿǸƽԭȽй"Сһ" 
ҵһβιۼӪʱתתȥһֱתΪֹ֮λڼӪϷļ£ļӪҵ鼫ˣͺҲⲿ磬ѰֱֿտҲ 
޿κεصһСʱŴһСͳ˷Żλϣȥһӡֻ÷˵ϻؼȥϣڴһұ˵Ŀջסһ鱡ļţը㶹 
ҵĸ˳µڴơʱſˣһλС˽ûкκ˴кһ̿㣬һľƼȡڰ̨ҪơƣѱĴͺͷҵƵ˷ƣ̻Ҹץͷȥڰ̨Ǹͷں˴ţҪֹӬƵġơƣû˿˵ 
̲ס"ס֣"ֱ¡ʱǸͷһȳһյر˹׾ְŪȣͻȻľƼȾ˫ˡü"ž"һϣıӺ̻Ҹ׶ˤϡͬʱû췢˼ЦҲһЦһˣƷĿЦ"ס֣"һЦһָ˵"סֻ 
ҹΧХҲûие䣬ǰĿŭľĸ¸Լż̵Ĺûд˯žĳ̶ȣǣеԽԽֱҵҲʼҺ£·ʲô¡ҵĺֻһ״̬ǶſĺХƼСʱҲŸеЩǣֺ·Ҳ֪ڶܷܷϵûȥ֪ҽμҵѧҵγɼҵŮ 
Ժȵмȸ⣬ͬʱҲǴ𣬵ǣ̫ˡŬȥʱҾͻһָоҾñڸǴбòôǴˡǴȥǴʱûˡǣǴͬʱһζŶٴαѡڻûеʱҶҪǴ𡣵ǣ߶вͨ 
ڶǸĵաףڼСʱھ͵˼ҡͽ뿪˺ܳʱ䣬ֵݺ˶ҸеİǣҶİļӪȴû˶Ϥ˹³ؾõӡͷйеİ˹ȿ觺ͱһɭļٵ龰֯һҲǽһ 



 
 




 

 
  




16

ҵ׻ȥгȥҺǣԹʲôҲ 
뺺̸һ̸ΪʲôأҶȥƭңǸ˽ĺȣΪ֮ǷǵĺȣҶ˵ǺأһõСʶߣһ˯ʹô֮Сһ޷뿪ңʱҲͽ 
ôΪʲôԹҲأ룬һҪֹһоһҪֹһֲƽϺȵԵľԹԺҲܶǣ˵ȷǹ⡣Ҳúô˵ô˵ұҪʩӰ죬ֱӵأͼӵء 
г֪С飬Ը´ο̸ͥһΡţȻ˽ȥʺ֮д̨ǰһϡֻ˸д̨ĺ档ķٳ۹αӵķϡȥȻóۻڵϡȥɣһ˵ĹԴ˸еˡûڷͥڼַŭı飬ȡ֮һͰסǻۡĵԱ沿飬ԭڷͥü߰Լ޾죬ǣƩ磬СԷͥģǵĽڶԷͥ¼δǼ꼶ѧ˼ѧˣΪʲôҪѧɣʱμӿԵȵȡ˵μӿβӦ̫ 
һشе⡣֮ҽѧϰͿԵһжúܺãʱĳɼ˸ѧּ֣ʱزμ˱ҵԡϲѧҺͷ٣һĻԾɻȥ 
ţüͣϵĹһȥֱĽͨûΪֹ֮üڿտͣϵˣʱǳüһ֡һ˻һС 
гվҸ˵һʲô⾡ҪѧҵϵѯҲ˵СгķӦ֪ 
տͣȥһԴһкȥվ·ôߡһ˳ǻ֮ͥϾ͸˻ȥֻ𳵻ȥһеİ೵ÿվͣ¡ҿţÿ͵̸ЦζơһӡһֵһһÿľӴӹԶüɽǱͲʯܿһУʲô޸оҲΪȵҶȥΪҵƭøеģҲٶʩʲôӰˡڲμӷͥĹУЩŵҸеľľʡע⵽ľڹȥļҵĸо˼Ӱ졣˵ȫ˵ĻôδЩԹˣΪǶԵģп»صҵճȥмȥ 



 
 




 

 
  




17

µףнȱд˱дͽ̡ 
Ժ֮һϯ˾ŵĹԱڴѧشѧѧǡһѧļߺЩƽʱڳˡֹ汻ʱûעǣͱѻȸˡڱǰڰҵھӣȻתں˵˵"ע⿴ƬǺ˿ʼǰھӣȻת˵˵"ע⿴дڱѻȸˡ 
Ҳ֪ǷԼҲȥʲôӣҲԸ⿴ȥӡһ׺ɫװһ׳װʽͳʹȥͺһƷҴδΪɴ⵳ŮƷΪҲΪǰƷɴ⵳ŮʽƷŮ˾ǴƷΪɴ⵳ģȵΪظԭ 
ֿʼСֹܶ˷ķŭõΪй̡оЩΪо˶ȳŪˡǵԽԽֺֽУ˵ΪʲôֱԱ˴гŭؿźоʱǲŰȱֱվţһšоԭʱҵĿһֱû뿪ȵͷͺ󾱡 
г˺üСʱн󱻸汻ʱڵţǷῴһۡλϡǣĿбӣһСһָ߰ġܵ˺ġġƣĿ⣬һκˡκζ뿴Ŀ⡣



 
 




 

 
  






01 
йǸڴѧͼҶȹġһҾʱҲߡĩڼѧϰһֻ飬Ŵ£иҵĸо˼ɵľһֱûлָұ˽ӴҴӼ˳һ䷿еļλˣҲһżڵӰԺʶĵͷ֮Ҳǵͷˡ 
ڶѧҵΪֹûʲôı䡣ˣǷԸһЩѧʥڼһȥѩֵҾȻӦˡ 
һѩòãϲϲúܿ죬ԸЩرõһ𻬡ҵ¼ʵϻӲʱһðˤ͹۵Σմɽ»ȻðһַանˣȴȫȻ֪ 
Ҵδ䡣˴ëºͼпѩʱҺʹų˶ԴҡͷѣҽȰ档ǣҶǵȰ治£Ϊûо䡣ҿʼʱҰڰµ̡ҿʼʱҷоһܡҸеͬʱоƮƮġҵĸоóٶȴоã⡢ʵҺƼ 
򷢸ձͽҽԺԺʱҵľʧˡһ⡢־塢ظ桢ڷͥڼֶľ˵ľֺʹֳˣͣҲ֪һ˸øоȴָоʱҽԴʲôϡҵǣľ֮ǰ֮ܰǰƷҵ塣 
ļѧҵʼΪ򲹹Աʱѧ˶ʼˡҶʷѧȤΪ򲹹Աһ㹻ʱڴѧȥһСζŲ룬У͸Уĸ˵׾ԽϵλӺһνѧ˶ĵ⡪ʵҲ⣬ζԴɴʷ⣬ҸеԼѧ֮ŷǳľ룬ҲԸһĶһС 
ʱ룬ɴʷб۲ѧ˶ɣ֮ĳͻı﷽ʽֳͻȻⳡѧ˶ƶڵ۹ڵ۹ԺûӦ£һеʧÿһ˶ҪӶԸʧнѳЩɴУɴԹۣ֮Ӷһ̺֮ͽﷸĸöǵĺ˵ʲôأһ棬ɴʷЩ޷ԸǴ𸸱ĺҲһֵ۵⡣˵ɴʷеⳡ۲֮ĳͻⲿʽ֢ڡ 
ۼ巸ڵºͷɷӦеʲôΣһѧ˵һȷʵڵ۹ʵǺ£̫˵ĹͿɴ־ɴڷԺڹŻڴѧﲽ¹ɫй͵ֿĹ٣Ӧ仯˵Ĺ¾Ӷ࡭ЩʹǸе߳ܣȨԸε˽ָȻԸεָ𲢲ʹǰ֮߳ģȴɴ˲ʹ࣬԰߳ıʹתΪԺͽΪΪˣ븺ĸԵþͷʮ㡣 
Ҳܶκ˽ָҲָҸĸΪҶûʲôָġμӼӪְʱеΪʵָԼ׵飬˵ѳΪȥѿΧ˵ΪУ뺺ȵΪ㲻ʲôˡʵϣұָȣǣָȵĽǰʯͷԼĽšҰҲһѡҼҰοѡʱҶȥΪһ֪ŬʹԼΪԼ˵Լʱ״̬뺢Ӱĸ״̬ûǣԸĸİ˭һҪǳеεİ 
ҲҲҪΪĸеΡʱҺĽЩǵĸĸͬʱһﷸԹߡӱߡźͽ߻޵ͬѧΪٿԽɳʹ࣬ܽ豾ĻǣҾϼҫʽԸǴӺζأܹڸеͳͬʱԸҫأѵ븸ĸ޽һ۱ͳѵֳͨ棺ڰĸ֮Ķ˶Ѿʼ޷أ 
ЩҺ뷨ʹҲһְοôһְοҰȵʹһ̶˵ˣǵ¹˵ˡұ˸Ѱˣ˸սʤˡˣʱܰԼ֮ͬеĻǻԵʱ洦ġ 



 
 




 

 
  




02

һǺ򲹹ԱʱҾͽ˻顣ºڻѩʶġڼڽʱ˶ȥԾһֱҳԺȻ˻ȥҲѧɵģһѧϰһͨԲһΪ򲹹Աʱǽ˻顣 
ûȵ¡룬˭Ըǰһ˵Ĺϵأ´ڷܡʵǵǾӪһũׯŮūຢӣҪɣûʱԷĻôǵʵҸġǣһ֮ңŮź򲹹Աºңסнһ½¥ǵһʱһֱ޷ֹͣҵĹͬҺͺȵĹͬбȽϡÿӵһʱһֲԾĸоһԾĸоӴ͸ĵطԣζԣζҲԡ룬ָоʧģϣָоʧѺȣǣֲԾĸоδʧ 
ʱ˻飬Ϊ˶޷ȥˡûʹ˻飬˺ҲҳϵرϵʹǲܸŰȫУԵϣְȫСҺ͸޼䡢˴֮䶼кøʱмеˮһڡע⵽֮ĽʱʹǵһܵһǱ֤ǶܿɰǡϣиСܵܣҲкֵܶܽáܳʱڣûôһ¡ȥʱҪʱҪ͸һÿ뿪ʱſŴ⿴ĿעϳʱҸе顣һָоûиĲһԸӵԸȨʱǾƭȡȨǹͬ£ǵû˼롣 
ͼٽһϺõĻϵҳϣҪҵŮ˱ҪеȣӴ͸ζζеȵģֻǵĹͬŲвԾĸоңҸǽҺͺȵ¡ҲŮǰڸǰؽԼӦðԼ뷨ھ̸ֹбֳǸеĶǣЩŮ˲̫ࡣҼǵúףһλоѧѧߣҽʱĬĬҵĺ󱳣οңֹͣʱͬĬĬؼңοҡλѧңΪұĸ׵ĹϵʹǷע⵽ҵĸҵĹмûгֹϣλҽȥǰ飬ǣҸһСһҾʲôˣΪģԼģȻʵǾͲһǽľɡ 



 
 




 

 
  




03

Ҳμӵڶιҿʱλ֯ӪְĽȥˡڱֽżȻϢġɽ԰СǷȥμӡ 
ҲȥĵУĺ綼пԡߣλں֮ĹϵҲرҲϲμҲǴС 
ǣΪʱѾˡĿԹʱͺұȥһԼᣬһȥԼᡣ 
ǳй糵ȥģƽʱǲй糵ġѾȥһֽӴˣͺֻصһϤĵطһıòĵطй糵˾ϰʱڻڳй糵ƽ̨ƽ̨Ա̤壬糵ѾԾɿ̤ϣһӣƱԱԷźšʱй糵ƽ̨ƱԱƱƱۣƱվźţչӵƽ̨ϵĺӣѵЩµĳ˿ͣԱʱֹˡеƱԱȤеܱ࣬еĴ³ǵԸųաҶô޴Ǵγ˳ȥʩκһϲԸ֮Ҿͺ°ƱԱȺ 
ҵһûƱԱй糵ȥɽ԰һգƵ̫Ҳůˣ۾Ҳᱻʹˡ˺һʱҵ˽ĹءҴڸߴҶľͷĹ֮䣬żһλ԰԰һλֳֽ޼͵ĸŮ԰ǳҴԶλڵĹʫ 
վһϸع۲ССĲμȺеһЩ˿ȥԵعƧ졣ӽܽƽ¼ĵпóԼӱԼӶϵһֱԼĶԣùƧ 
ϳ˵μְһλͬѧμӹҿԱ磬ȵʦֳһСƵϰ塣Ǵһɫĳġ󣬵԰Ĵȥʱ߹Ҵк"һμְ࣬㲻ǵ" 
"ǵá"֡ 
"ȥͥʱҿȥ"Ц˵"ÿ춼ڳÿ죬ÿܶڡ˵˵Ϊʲô"ͬءڴҡʹĿְʱҾע⵽ˡ 
"ҶԷͥرȤ" 
"ԷͥرȤ"Цˣ"ǶԷͥǶλĿתضŵıˣǿȥλǴﶼֹʲôϵû˸㡣ǵʱǳͬģƽ⡣㻹ǵá"һλμְͬѧλͬѧڳԣ˵ҧͷܶҲű߼ʣǻϴĻǽʯ֮ԡʼ̸μְͬѧǵʱΣʲôϲؽû꣬ǣ֪ջң"ôںλΣ"Ҳ֪ҸλشηϣγϺλرܡ 
ʱǵ԰Ĵſڣ⡣վպһй糵쿪˵"ټ"Ⱦܣ̤һҰųܱĴųšҸţҲûκϣ·ˣͣſˣ˳ 



 
 




 

 
  




04

򲹹Ա֮ұҪѡһְҵûѡ񡣸Ͼ͵˷١ͷҪ¶ѻɽܴڼտţǸеˡ¿˷ѡ׶԰ҵľüˡ 
ҺڶԺȵķַͥɽɫʺҵġ˵绤ͬؼ򵥻ˣом򵥻ġΪҲʺڹԱΪ򲹹Աҷİ칫ҡȡζ͹Աܲ԰סζ 
һɹѡķְҵҲʣ޼ˡ治֪һʲôһλѧʷڸṩ¹ĻĻ˵ҵѡһӱܣǶսεӱܡ˵еӱˣӱʹҸеɡҵѡԵģҶҲԼ˵һᣬ̼귨ѧʷ֮ԾҵʵݵķְҵǣȴҵԵѡŵһӱܶǵڶӱܣҲ˵ҴӴѧһоǶѰҲһҿԴϲķѧʷоıܷۡǶҲҪκˣҲκˡ 
ҲûӱܵȥӽˡΪѧʷңӴĹȥԲѷɫʵ˿ܻΪǶԹȥֻܹ۲죬ʵܲ룬ʵˡʷоζڹȥʵ֮ʷʵй۲죬Ծڶ֮䡣о֮һǵ۹ȥʵʵѽѷ֣رԶ׼ӱܵĲǹȥʵͽûаעᶨؼʵͽϡǶʷŲãȻ֪֪شʷӡʷС 
ҳʷʱܹõһСȻʵûʲô壬һǲҵһβоɽɽɲݰʱ֮ҪƶЩΪţӴԺ˺򣬴ӴøáƶάģЩֱõķɣֽ֤ǵ棬ҸеҸܾҾͼţܳ˿µĵ˺ʹۣɻԽԽԽԽԽԽ棬ԽԽǣԽԽ˵ԴҷҵǻѺҵķݽֱȫһݽĿĵأ𶯡ʧȥǺ󵽴ĿĵأͨһĿĵص㣬δĿĵʱֲò¿ʼ 
ҵʱضˡµѧʱͶⱾ飬ҵļУһߵĹ¡ǣĲһߵĹ¡һ˲ٴιͬһӵϣôŷ֮أµ˹Ϊ£Ϊ³µһ˶ʷ˶ĿĵģͬʱĿģǳɹģͬʱͽ͵ġɵʷʲôأ 



 
 




 

 
  




05

ǴӡµʼġҺ͸·ֺضҹֻ˯ϼСʱǶ˯šҴ򿪵һ鿴ʱ۾ˣҰŵһߡϵʱȴ˯šҾʹʶʶʱҾͲٴҵĴԴµĻλʱʹʱ˯˯״̬жҵĻҵŮҵз˼ʱңҸɴΪʶΪ¼ʶ 
Ұ¼Ƶ¼ĳȥʱµʱѾȥˡҲƬΣڵŰȫġµ¼ꡣֻ֮ɺǷԡµ㹻Ȥǣ¼꡶µָ֮¼ʩպӷĶƪС˵ȻӲͷƤкȵķͥ˵绰˺ʲôط̡Ұһж׼ˣȷ̼ĵַкдȵĳвԶһ̨¼Ͱ졪ʩա˳¼Ƶ¼Ұ¼¼һͬʰĸ˺ 
ҵһӣЩΪ¼ĶʮƪĿȻͬʱļ¼Ҵֻ¶ע⵽ûм¼ͼǲסѾʲôˡںƪĿУʱעڣʱûעǣʹûڣҲ֪һθȼ¼̵ĵڰ꣬һǵʮꡣڵʮʱ뱻׼ 
ҼΪʶԼҲ뿴顣¼ơµʱע⵽ʶԼĶҼоתʶȱʱϳǣΪʹʶ߰ҶһЩԼ¡ 
ҲʶѾϤϲƷܶ࿭աɡĬ˵ƷܳʱҲʶʫ裬Ǻȴִ˲ƣҿԱһϵʶʫ裬ʱϿڡ 
Ǹ¼صĿ֤ܹײԭʼҲǵˣǷؾڿ򿨡ʩԼѷͿ״ĶһЩʵѧƷҲҼŪ½ʲôҲϲеκѧƷΪʵѧȻҪöʵ飬ȺҶҪ 
ԼʼдʱҲдĶΪʶҪҵָ֮󣬴ָҲ޸ĹԺ󣬶һȫ˵ĸо֮ʶʶʱܷҵĸоȷȷҿѣĿȥ¼ơǣҲϲʶԲšҰҵһһд͸еٴΪȵ֮ҲŰָĸ硣 
¼Уû˵ۣûȵûнԼֻʶݡݽԣԵһ飬¼ֹͣ 



 
 




 

 
  




06

ǵʱੲݣʱ޻˵Ľеĸͷʱһʺ"Сһһرáллȡ" 
ֽǴߵģǴдֱ˺һҳʺдϱߣռУɫԲдġдأӡ͸ֽıˡַҲдġм۵ֽ¶ɿӡ 
һۿȥǿܻΪһӵ壬Ǻӵ御ܲȴôΪ˰ֱ߱ĸٰĸ֣Ҫ˷ӵֿŲŲȥ仯ȵֲ֪ʲôƶֱƶдһĸҪºüαʣϻһαʣ»һαʣһαʣӳһαʡÿĸҪµŬߵͲһ 
Ҷʺ˻ϲ"дˣдˣ"ЩҵйäҶˡ֪ճУ·ҵַڷʱôҪڰԼ׳ɵĹغʹͳϰʱôĵԼ߱дʱôɷѿģ˶äڲ졣ȹȥѧϰд־Ѿδһһ 
Ȼϸ۲캺ȵ֣ҿΪ˸˶ͶΪеԺͬʱΪеģΪٺʹеģΪĳʹеġ룬һ˴ѵʱ䣬һ˳ھܾĳ£һ˹õرĳܾʹʼȥִ˲ƣôҲΪʱ̫ˡ"̫"⣬ֻ""⣿ң""Ҫ"δ"ãҸ㲻塣 
ڽӵһʺ֮ҾͲϵյšȼ֣һл⣬һףͬһλߣˣһλߡһʫһ¡һС˵еۼ䣬ڼ￴һʲô¡"ԺѾ""ϣ""ӴҿؾۼһϷ"Ǻȵע⵽̡յۼһѧ۾׼ȷ˾Ȳѣ"ʩڷͽУ˹طΤ"'ҪһŮ""µʫǶƯһС""״һôֻд"ǵһ֪ԣֻҪǲԵزͬˣΪͬˣҲԴΪǰġʵжѧƷִƷأҶԴ˸е󡣲˽ʷ˷ܿʷԹ 
ҴδȻعţһֱΪʶһ꣬ڼҾʹ¼ȥȼٻرæʱ¼һ¼ʱܾҪЩҸ¼ûй̶ڣһһΣһΣʱҲܸܻ֮żġںѧĶҲܲҪҵ¼ˣҲͲôżˡˣȻϲҸĶʶ̸һַʽ 
ҰеŶҲı䣬Ŭĸдùȴܲ磬Ŷˣǣִδﵽĳ̶ȣȴﵽĳϽȥһкдֵд֡ 



 
 




 

 
  




07

ʱҴδһʺź¼Ľܣȶ磬ʹҸеȽԶߣȫ״̬ȥ֪ʣ˽ 
ȻŮһţ 
ʷ֥Ůʿһֱ ʷ֥Ůʿ˭һϵֻҲ֪ϵг̶ȣ֪ѡ 
ʷ֥Ůʿٴ룬ΪίԱὫ׼롣ڱʮ֮ýҪͷšȻˣǿΪҷӺ͹Ҳ˵ǿԾΪҷӺ͹ҹȽѣԾɺܽǵķҳֵ÷ǳɫǣ£֮ǸиҪõöࡣ޷һ˱ʮ꣬ȥ֮Ƕô¶ 
ʷ֥ŮʿǳǿΪҵһסһݹͷܻͷܳȥ˽̻ᡢҵѧͥṩĸֻᣬ㹻ˡ⣬ʮ֮һνǹԼ̸һҷԷôף׶ˡ 
ע⵽û֥̽Ůʿ 
ˣҲͲظдˣǽ̽Ļ̸¡ûбİ취ֻ֮ǰ̽λһ 
ǷĵʺʺδҸеǶҵʺ򣬶ҸеŮһ׮¡Ѿ˵ĻΪǼѰģڼĸϾءϲš 
ǣҲϲٵ顣ȻˣұҪΪҷӣҹҲжˡһЩԸѷδʹҲδСסլ۳ȡżһϣ÷޸·λ÷úȡһӪҲ÷ãϣȥˡںȳǰҾͿʼĽ̻׻ṩḣͽᡣǣ̽ȴһϡ 
Ϊȶ磬ʹҸеȽԶߣҲŲȥ̽һָо˵ȥһֻܱһʵʾ롣˵΢ġʺ¼̫̫˺ˣ֮ܽࡣôٴؽӴڼ֮䷢һвеأ 
ʱȥˣҼҪȥˡҺþûдŮǶʲôϢˡдһţ̸ΪҷӺҹЩȽҪٵ⣬ǣûеõ𸴡̸ָ֮̽һΡ֪Ҳ̽ȥӱǣ⺺ȵľˣȼŮҴ绰Ƿܹȥһ¡˵һ֮ںȾҪˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




08

ڽգȥǶҵһ̽ࡣڴſܵ˼飬ߵʱűֹϡǣµģܳ棬ŶţŮǿɵȵľͷһȴͨ桪һȻģľгεСƺĴѰҡλҴ·Ůָָһµһӡ 
ȣڵϵǸŮǺͷ׷ƣһصһزȴرǳɫȹַϥϣһ顣ûпǱ飬͸ϻıڿһλŮмһһظȸιʳʶעתҡ 
ϳʱҿ飬ϲõĹʡ߽ʱѯʵġŵġίĿ´ҡҿϵĹʧˡߵʱѺõءƣЦЦ"Сһ㳤ˡ"ߣҵ 
ǰرϲϵζȥô£ϴϴ·ոճոʱҲˮҲ֪һ֡ˮȥҲˮ¡µζ£һζһֺŨص˵ɬζҾһֻĶһȥӲӺͼʼǸոϴζ鷿֮µĺζǺζҸѴֺζһ͸Ũصģ˵ζǴģڴ֮仹һ˷ܵˮζҲϺͽȥСʱŨζʧˣϥ΢е³ĺζȥζƤЬζƣζ󱳺͸ûʲôرζŲʲôζ˵ȥζǰ칤ζƱӡˢīǯӵС㣬塢ˮ·ϴˣʲôζҲŲǣֻѸζס˰ˡһֲԵζڻһˣϰģ°ģģϵģؼҵģڼҵġ 
ںȵߣŵһλ긾ŮζҲ֪ζôγɵģζҴĸǶŵԺȵζζԺ˵δ̫˵㡣 
߿Щע⵽ղʧˡ벹һ£øЩ 
"ҪˣҺܸˡ" 
"" 
"ǵġ㽫סҵĸҸеˡ'ҸѸҵ˷Ӻ͹ǸеĻͼݵ"㿴鿴ö" 
"ԣʶã"˵"ڽˣ԰ɣ" 
"Ϊʲôýأ"ǣҿȥûи¼ûΪʶƵġ"ѧ˶飬ҵȷܸˣҺ㣬дŶð"ʵȷˡѧ˶ддţҶԴ˷ǳˣҲǳǣҲо뺺ڶдŬȣҵοǶô٣ٵöôŬȻûܴʹ¸һţȥ̽һΣġΪӪһСС滷һССĿռ䣬һЩҲΪЩ飬ǣҵȴûռһϯ֮ء 
ǣΪʲôҪҵΪһϯ֮أΪʲôúСռҸеҶԼĸеߡ"ڷ֮ͥǰѵδǹЩڷͥ۵˵һʱҸʶʱδЩ" 
"Դ˹ڻ"ǣδһشͽ˵"һֱָоеûңû֪˭ʲô֪û㣬ôҲûȨҪ˵ʹǷͥҲȨҪ˵ǣЩȥȴңΪǲطǵڳǣڵĻǾ͸ҡǺһʱر࣬ÿҹﶼǷڷ֮ͥǰҪʱһܰǸߡ" 
ڵţǷʹ˵ʲôǣȴ֪˵ʲôΪá˵޷κζȻǲʵΪһΪһӪһСС滷ʱʵϾǸߡ 
"" 
"ҽ顣ºѾˡǵŮסڼѧУϣ⼸겻ҪסǶˣðᵽ"ֵҵˣǷʹ˵ʲôЩʲôǣĬ"㣬" 
"á 
"ĵأһأ" 
"ĵء" 
"ðɣҾĵ㣬֣ľơ" 
վҲվ໥šѾˣŮѾݡĿ´ҵӵȥЩԾ 
"СһΪ֮" 
"ҲӦˡ" 
ڲò֮ǰ͸ˡ 



 
 




 

 
  




09

һرæµѼǲҪһƪʱѹش󣮻ڹѹ߳ɾѹԵʡ 
дǷݱ뷨һûϡڿʼ޸ıʱҷ֣ЩԭΪձʹпܹɳɵĵطȫһһرżȻİҲĽĽæҵء̵ءؼѰŴ𰸣ҵʵֱͻðѼŻߴ»СС»˵׼һرԲ״̬Һϴ˯Ļ˯ǹ˶þֳ׵ˣֻٴĶд 
ҲΪȵĳһЩ׼Ϊȵķﲼ˼ҹ˾ļҾߣ䱸˼ɼҾߣѺȵλϣ÷죬йͽϢ˴ʳƷϰںͼ飬ǽϹҺ˻һһλ԰չǸΧƽ̨С԰ЩʱҲԵرæҺ͹ִһ縺ظ 
ǣæûʱȥǴζԺȵֻ̽еʱ򣬵ҿʱƣд̨ǰʱڴ˯ʱΪ׼ʱŻһкǧ赲һῴڳϣĿעңӾšֱĸоͻٴӿͷǣԼָоʼָĵӱӦóеΣδе̫ˡֻ˲ȨҪ˵԰˯߲úجµĻôĶڣǣָĻ˲ָˣָԼѵҲûȨҪ˵ϼ 
磬ȥ֮ǰҸ˵绰ȺŮ˻ 
"еš֪ͨ£һ˾ôļ֮ûгԹȴϼСʱǰǲġʷŮʿܾ˵ɡ 
ҵĵ绰ת˺ 
"㿼һ£춼ʲôϾͻļңһȥɭֻȥӱߣ" 
"һῼǵġԾǸΰļƻң 
ҸеΪŮżҵ̬û˵ҲӦ䣬ù࣬ûó 
ע⵽ҳĬˣЦ˵"Сһûʲô⡣" 
ڳֿĺѾλϸˣȥȥһλϸˣǣȫûעȥԾʮᡣ 



 
 




 

 
  




10

ڶϣˡʱˡ 
ҸϵʱұŮǶǵһμСͷɫģһ۾ûпʼ˵֮ǰȥעĿǣ˵ȴ磬ĿҾػֱۡϵǴε绰һǰǴλ档ǷԤк͵ǣ˷񶨵ĻشȷʵûйԤк͵ǣû 
"ʶģ" 
"סúܽ"ӵؿңʶұ˵Щ"סúܽ໥ʶѣΪһѧ˶ķͥС" 
"ΪʲôҪʷŮʿ¼" 
ҳĬ 
"֪äǴĶ֪ģ" 
ʼ磬ȺҵĹʲôϵﺬˮͷţҺԼ޷˵Ҳǰ 
״̬"Ҹһʷ֥Ůʿĵ˼䡣"ǰ棬ʱתұһЩ顣ֲܹӵϮǺķңǺĵطֱͼʽľõΪֹͨͼݡһ˼ǰͣ˵"ʷ֥ŮʿûĶӾڴʱӡ" 
¹ӺӣǽһܣźĽϴغͲһȴǲשʲôûУϰ顢һӡһܡӡܿȡҶޣ¼ϰڷҸ¼Ƶ¼ 
"ⲻȫ"Ů׷ҵĿ˵"ʷ֥ŮʿǰһЩ¼Ԯä·" 
߽ܣĪάάٶ˹áĬ³򡤺˹Դ⣬ܺѧɡعڰϣҮ·ı͹ڼӪĿѧѧ 
"ȶЩ" 
"ôǾ˼֮ŶЩġöǰҾͲòΪŪһڼӪһĿһǰҸṩڼӪŮˡŮŮⷽҸִʷдţյӦرĿԴʷŮʿѧ֮ϾͿʼйؼӪ鼮" 
ͷСͼƬֽҹ˴ȥǻһµժ¼һʫһѶǺȳ¼ʳףߴӱֽ־ϼСͼƬ"ɫƮڿٴƮ""ӰҰӹ"еʫ趼˶ԴȻϲСͼƬչֵǴⰻȻɭ֡ǧĲƺҶһϪˮԵĲݵءһ׹͸ʵĺӣһǳƺͽۻƵһŴӱֽϼƬһλһλɫװ֡ϳλϹ˾ңʱҸոѧҵڱҵϽУһƷǺ뿪кܾ֮ˡһĿʶ˵ʱԤǷݵƬĵطֽΪ˽һϤƬһ˲ۡڷͥڼ䣬Ƭҵĺˡ 
"Ǹѧ֡ͼݽΪ¼ʶ飬ȻĽжա̨¼ܳõسһǰתһ󵹴һͣһǻҪΪҪԣʷ֥顣Ը˵ǣҲʼдʺֽʱҲˡѧ˶дֱΪ˶ԺҪ˷ϲá" 
ЩʱԾɹǶĿʼעЩͼƬСȥתڴʱ˵"ǶôϣдšǶֻյʰÿʼ˵ʱʣ'ûҵţ'ָŶָװ¼ʰΪʲôӲдأ" 
ֳĬˡ޷˵ֻܽͰֻͣޡ 
ߵǰһߣĻױͳһŵõֽ˵"һţһҰ漰ĵط"ֽ"ǸɫĲ˹ﻹǮĶ׸ӦðЩǮдǧ˽λڽôкĸһҴŮþʹǮУתʺá" 
ûиκϢҪͷ𣿻̫ƣˣֻдбҪ飿"Щô"Ҫһֱܼ˵"" 
"޵Ժ޼ͺĸԸ˵ͺĸԸطĹƶȣͺ൱ĵĹ˵һַ˼Ůһ룬мкܸ⣬ǸȨʱҪȥͰ취˫ԸĲþǣǰһС֮ǰһֱעⱣͣǿ׳˵Ծɺɾе֡ʼʳϴ衣ӷȥζǣȥǲҸ߲㡣ʵϣ˵޵Ժ˵Ѿˣ޵Ժ̫Ⱥӣ̫࣬һ˵޵Ժһ¶Сȥûٻῴòװζپκˡ˵Աǲ׵ģȷĵλҲȡֻԼʩ˵ķʽ" 
"ôأ" 
"ӡ" 
"ҿԿ" 
ͷȴԣţ"ھ˶¶ͱһԸɱҲԸ޵ԺӴһλصʵȥ"ת˵"ʷ֥ûдΪʲôҪɱֲ˵֮£˵ʲôʷ֥ŮʿҪʱɱˡ"ֽһװãվȹŪƽ'"Ǹ֪Һʷ֥Ůʿǣǻ߰ɡ" 
ǰ棬һΣһԲڲһСǸպǽ͵֮վ½šŮǿ鲼ҿˡ 
ȵͷϰһ鲼Ϊʹ¶ڽ뽩Ӳ״̧̬ܱ沿ȲرҲرʹࡣȥǽӲˡҾþõʱױˣʱӡ룬ָоϷ֮Ż˵ͷԾɱʱӣ˵ĵӱˡΪʲôһ֮ǰûпЩأ 
һҪ޳һŮӵʱҵͷְǿ鲼˺ȵϡ 



 
 




 

 
  




11

ֱ죬Ҳ˺ȵίСλŮסŦԼҲμڲʿپеһ飬Ǯȥһд֧ƱϲǮҸдţҽǷѧʷҲᵽǴηͥУ˵̸̸ܺҽľʤмһȥȲ衣 
ҴӲʿٳ˻ȥŦԼɭʮɫɫɫٻɫɫغɫâĺɫʹ˺ǼСͼƬֵתͳҡʹƣʱμ˺Ⱥһ䷿ʮɫġɽϣǵĻɽ𡣺ȱʶʱҪϣٴμʱҪᣬʹ󣬱ȴǰƯڶءԺܽ׳Ρҿ߳ѹڻ԰߹¹ǰ¥ҶԺȵ˼˵ǿң˼ʹࡣҾ˼˼˼ԺȺͶңʵʵ䣬ĻȫʵὲӢĺôأҺҲῪ 
Ҵٴ׺ѾˡҲ֪ص˼Ƕ˼һֶԻؼҵ 
λŮסŦԼһ빫԰ԶСֵֵԻһɫɳʯϷӣͨһ¥̨ҲͬɫɳʯɡһϸĸоӰŷӣ඼һ̨װ̨ףֵԵľҲǲǰԵģ֮ľ붼һйɣϡٵ֦ϹϡϡĻҶ 
λŮѲһȴ󴰻ǰԿķС԰԰еĵطдУеĵطɫеĵطѷżáϲˮǽ֮ϾͰʺʱõӢ˵"ʲôˣ"䲻ȵҡȥǳʵһпȥʵ̬ȣƺķΡر𣬿ж͡бŵȥǣҲʹྭʹ˽ӲҾڷͥڼ沿飬ôҲ벻 
˵˺ȵίС 
"Ϊʲôң" 
"ҲΪΩһҴߡ" 
"Ҹð" 
"Ϊ顣" 
"Դ˸ʷ֥Ůʿˡ" 
뷴ΪҪﵽĿʵԶֹЩļӦýһҪﱾһ壬ңַͨʽʹõϡҰ˼˵ 
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǷܾҵĽͣǾܾϺȡ 
"ˡͲܳ" 
Цˡ"ϲ֮䵽ʲôϵ" 
ҳһ"ʶߡʮʱͿʼˣʱҲûжϡ""ô" 
"Ҹ¼ʷ֥ŮʿһǸäڼſʼѧϰд" 
"ΪʲôҪЩأ" 
"ʮʱǾйֹϵ" 
"˵һ˯" 
"ǵġ" 
"һô̵ŮˡһʮĺӾͺܳܵ𣿲Լ˵ģκ¿ʼΪʶ" 
ҵͷ 
"ôĻܶݺͲҡûٽ飬ĺӡкӵĻڼѧУ" 
"ǣʷ֥޹ء" 
"ЩĽӴУǷйָо˵ʲô" 
ʼ硣"ڼӪڱǨ·;и˴ʲôʧ˵ģңڼŬȥо"ҽŮҽ 
վڷŴ󲽣"ô漰Ǯأ" 
ߵҷŰñǰó֧ƱͲҶޣ߻˵"'' 
˿֧ƱȻϣְѲҶ޴򿪵ˣȻֹϡѲҶĿض˵"һСʱиҶޣװҵıģܵʱҲѾˡĸд֣ǲѹ֣ǿġҰ˼Ӫһ͵ˡ" 
"ʲô" 
"ʲôһǼСëи״ȥĸƱһöʲôطõĻһ﷢ֵĽָ֮ԱװĶǸҶޱڼӪȴмֵ"ѲҶ޷֧Ʊ棬"ʹǮʲô𣿰κɱйص£˵ȷҼȲֲһˡ" 
"ЩѧϰдäһĹ֯԰Ǯ׸Щ" 
"ȻĻ"˼š 
""ҲƵ̫Э" 
"ʲôţôţҲͻ̫šäⲻ̫⡣" 
֧ƱǮƵߡ 
"ɣȥһ¶ʲôص̫֯Ҳãڵ¹ҲáȻ󣬰Ǯĵεй֯˺ȥҲԣ"Цˣ"õϷǳҪĻʷ֥Ůʿġ" 
ְѲҶõ"Ҷޡ 



 
 




 

 
  




12

תۼ䣬һжʮǰˡںļЩһֱĥң磬ǷܾͱǷǷʲôǷΪǷҪϵ߰ѵʱʣǷҪʱҶʮߣҵ˺ֱ߱ΪֹЩòҪΪֹʲôûʲôйʲô˺Щǡǡҵ 
󲻾ãҾ¾ҪҺͺȵĹдʱѾǵĹдˣÿе㲻һµµںµĹ˼һдİ汾⻹汾бϵдİ汾ȷİ汾ԭдģ汾ûдѾдİ汾Լ뱻д汾뱻д 
ǵĹдĿΪ˰ǣҵļ䲻ΪĿĶڵġע⵽ǵĹشҵļĵʧǣͨдҵļѰһǣдҲûаѼշһֱûƴѼǵĹ£ల¡һˣһϸڽһϸڣһġһµĺȷķʽˣʹҶԴ˲ġһôĵĹ£ҹȥ롣Ⲣ˵ΪҸġǣΪʵġǰ£ĵĻҸͲҪˡ 
ʱЩҾܵ˺ʱȥܵ˺ĸоֳҾҶĳӦʱͻʱָУõʲô磬ôҾͻоʱֿͻ顣ǵһһһ벻ǰһѾȥûнǻʵСЩҶˣʱԴ˻ǸеԳܡҲҰǵĹдĿĻΪ˰޷ﵽĿġ 
ŦԼһҾͰѺȵǮ"̫ä"յһõдĶţУ"̫ä"Ժȡʷ֥Ůʿľʾ˸лﴧǷţҿȥ˺ȵĹءҵһΣҲΨһһվĹǰ



 
 




 

 
  




Ұһҹꡱ

Ա¡ʩֿ˵޴
˹зʩɴ
¹ضԡʶۿԹΪһ仰ǲ֪Ѿõ顣 
Ȿڳһܡһ졢һͷش˶صĳ飬ƺƴ󡢴ģҲûսý峴ģ㣬ʹơڶʮ鳩ĹңΪƵϣûȥģͨǻѧŵˣǴһ˵ﴫһ˵Щ˶󶼱úǰͬһʼʱǶܺ棬Сʱ֪룬𾪵ذⱾĳƪС˵£ǾýµĵذҡΣžʧˡĸʶˣ˵"Ұһҹꡣ" 
ʶ"ŵһ"ߺħƵģ·侳 
˵"бĺһѸӡ"Ȿ 
ĶۼҡǰЪͺȵĹͣս¹֮޿ɾҩĹϵʵϼصɴʱʮѧ˴ʮ˫ܵй糵ƱԱѧ޹µһ븸ĸڸϲɷ룬úĻ˵Щĸ̫Ĺ£"Ҳ֪Щ£ȴԸ֪Щ£ǲǡ" 
µ˹ʧٺԼ󣬳˷ѵĴѧһ˿ɴһ𡣿ɵڷͥٴοʱ˼Ӫеı棬Ъ֧ŵĵ±׼ʱΪСˣİµܺ˹ȥͬһԭ򡪡Ȳʶ֣ġȻڷͥϱֳĬûΪúȻɶ˵ࡣʩֿûָ˹ô벻ԣҲûָ޷һ㲻ر˶˵Ȩ 
ʶҲ߾͵¹˶пеһδŵĶסʶǲֻһԵ飿ǲǽʹ˼±Ե⣿Խ뺺ȺЪĹ£ҾԽɡĴԽ࣬Խڼֵؽ⿪֮ʱû 
ʩֿڱĵطʾǣҲôʶΰġҪϸĺǻİ¡һʷԢԽǰڰھԽˡʩֿ˳Գϲ¸ʱĵ¹ѧ͡ʶһJohannPeterHelһҲԴϵӵʼĹϵӵ͡ʶһһϸؼʮδ䡢ġȥɡ"С"̫ϵĺ֪ԼʧȥˣΪ˵ܣѵͽµĺŮ𣿺Ůǹ϶Ϊӵİô޷ӲҲһԵգʩֿƳİ»īPeregrinaϵнһѧѧһصصʧİŮһΰ飬Ů˶Դѧһ˾޴Ӱ졣 
еΰ벻졣롢ռСҡ޾ʧܡɶֹض쳤ؾõĿС˵ʮ˹˵忪ʼʮ˹ɱ˵ĸС˵ҲΪβŮ˹»صУʱĮ˹ʶ޷ѵϵ 
Ҹطšʶһдİһ𣺸ظ¡յġŷҶ˹ġ˹֮ɲƷƵķֱ棬Ϊصġ 
뵽˹Willy HaasǶʮġѧ硷״ߣɴʱ˼꣬Ϊؽ¹ľŬûаѧĶԶĶԽеĶ˵ѧǻϲֽʽѧΪֻΪĿķ񡣹˹ӲѧԼ߷롣˹ĺûֹĻͨĻҲȤΪֺͽ沢ǻųģһӵ档ΪǡǡѡӵҪ׶Һ֪Ҫǽ컹ŻôʩֿڹϵĳɹʮһгԵ¹ȫӵжߡ˹Ҳ˵ġΪĻĶҪ˵һЩʶ 
ȺЪĹ·ڵ¹Ϊ͵ĵ¹ʷδšŵнʵ齲˷ڻشʱĵʱ޲ߡ 
ʩֿ˵˵ԼɵķƷĶνҪ־áʩֿһڰԣǰıѺͰ֮Ĺ£Ĺ¡ǻһһضΪҳԼܹЩʲô






            


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