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ſˡ賿ģ°һ΢ĲԼݼײ·Ǹմˮбȳ̰˼ڣʱֺĿԼڡ

΢΢۾Īؿţһֱ˵ĲϣȻһֺ˶סĸоſ˼ǵԼ˯ǰǰѴõģ΢΢ŵ֣¹غô˿̣⵭ɫսطҹȥغܿͻḲSеĴء

ſһҶʪͷԼĶͷǺ飬ǸΣſֻζŸղجΣʮ죬ÿʱͬξͻ꣬Ǹйˣһֵ΢Цſˣֻ쳣԰׵֣ʳָָſ˵򡭡ſ͵̧˫ֱԼ۾Ҳһµξˡ

ǣſ˽컹ҪȥλйѣΪ˽ڽ峿̡˲䣬ſ˵ǰӹǶɫķӡ

Щ̴Ӵ羯ٵƷ߳˷š1936SзĽͷɫѾ΢΢ˣſ˴һսĽŲڿһ˵·ϻصֻߵͩҶŲŵĶ

ϺȻƮ˿ſ˼ӿ˽Ų

峿ӣſˡǾ߽˷ɭĵȣһС䡣мй˺ͷˣǶƷɫࡣ

ſ˶йͬʣ""

"ǵģѾˣһھ"

ſ˳Ĭһ΢΢˵ͷ

Ժ󣬷һ͵ǶЩţſˡŴˣײЩ̶ڣſһμ

ǸԵ쳣ƽһ˳Ⱦĸɾ·ֻͽһ̷ſ˼ԸؿȻſ΢΢һЦſ˽סһ漴еͬǰӣְǰͽģʹΪ̽

˵ȴ̷΢Цķк"ſˣϺá"ſ˵ͷܿԷϤĬ

"ǽ"̷Ե쳣ݡ

ſڵ˵ͷ

Է˵"֪ǽ졣ſˣ"

ͣͬ߶żҳ̡ſܲɿһȻĹǻ˵"ҪЩʲô"

ͬŶһӷʢķ˷̷ǰ̷˵ͷ˵"ͣ"Ȼѱס˫̧˵"ܰҴ"

ſԥƬ̣Сĵش

̷һ˵"лл"Ȼһϣʼ˹һ̷ˡԺƽ˵"ҳԱˣлл"

һŴˣƷΧ̷ҡ
---janeadam 

ظ[3]һܷķ䣬ǽƺӡĳֵĶſÿ߽ⷿ䣬ۿķ˵ʱŵһرζģ־壬ֻ֣һ߲Ľ̼ܡȦѾϵˣںϣһߣʱп³ͷ

û˴ߴ٣̷Լ˽ʼܡûҪĬĬؿŷеˣȻȦԼϡ

ſ˵"Կʼˡ"

ſ˻ش"ǿʼǽ"

Ȧ̷ƺھ˵"ǽǿʼ"

"ʼ"ֵرسõơſ仰˼ȻЩ˿̣ʼµ̤ˡ

ſ˺Ȼ£˷䣬ſڱǽϡ

10ԺͬǴҳſˣǸѾˣҪҪȥһǸˣſҡҡͷԶҪټˡʱ˿̣Ȼһ뷨Ǿ뿪뿪SУԶԶ뿪ԶҲҪٻΪ־ʣǸոնˣУǶɫķӡ

һºſˡ̤˴SʻĿɪչſ֡ɪչſֽӡԺںҹ￴һ30ҵİ˴󺣣漴ڰĲû

ͣĿĵԺȫĳ˿УΩʧһſˡǵǰSз羯١
---janeadam 

ظ[4]һڡҹ

ҹ

Ȼˡ

紵˷䣬΢΢ķ⣬Ħա۾һƬڣҲûжٹȻĳ

ͷơơơͻȻˣشĶ䣬һǶ࣬˵ܡǴ컨ϷĳֽŲϵǻţ컨һֱߵ棬ǰߵ棬ƺĳֹɡ

¥ⶰ¥һ㣬컨¥̨ˡơơơƵƺԽԽ죬͸컨ڷš˭ҹܵ¥̨ȥأĺ󱳺ȻĪ亹

ʱŷߵͯ겻ˡָߵı΢ţǺڸɿˣȻ˵ˡ

¥ڼ

ӴҹӭСĵع˴̧ͷ컨壬ֵĽŲ͸һеֱĶĤķ

һɫ˯£Ȼ߳šڰ¥ʲô壬ȥ¥ݣұ̨ͨ¥ݣѡ档

¥̨տֻмˮšܴһƬڰܷ·ԨͷǶ֪ʾʲôΧ¥ϵĳҹͨ2002籭ĹŬؿܣʲôûУֵĽŲҲʧˡ紵ͷվȣ˺üҲµĵطת塣

Ȼһִֻļϡ
---janeadam 

ظ[5]͵ػعͷȥţϤ

ҡͯ걻Ƶڵϣվ

ͯꣿôܵˣŴӾʧлع΢΢

˯ţһֱһ¡

ʲô£

ҹǿ˴˵ǾͿúܽͯŵɢζһ§ס˵ǻؼҰɡ

ǿȥɡš

ͯҡҡͷ˵ǻصSеļҡ

Sеļң

ǡ

Щɻؿͯʣ㲻˵Ѿûм𣿡

мңҵļڡͯĿǰƿԶ֡ڷӡ

ڷӣ

ͻȻһֵķӹ̨ϵİɫ˯¸߸ߵͬһɫŻ¥»׹ȥ
---janeadam 

ظ[6]ڶڡڷ

ֻʻ˽ڣڽϵıûиͯ꼷װȥϴߣĽͽЩģľһжֳһɫͬһ̿ڽϵĵˮīд⡣

ͯΪʲôҪͻȻ뿪СǶصSУҲΪͯһ֮˫˫ʧȥ˹ҲΪͬһط̫˶룬ҲΪͯĺڷӡԸٶˣҲ뻻һSҵ뵽ЩͺһЩʱ͸̲Щˡ

ǣһЩرĸо7080ǰźָոеǵĸдһġ

ڸʲô쵽ͷˣʰ߰ɡͯ˵š

10Ժͯڿվͷ˴ǵ٣ӵȺ·ߡ

Щ̰غĿ˵ʵĿǺܺãعͷŽ԰ʮ޴ĽţŨصЩ߸ߵĶ㸲û뵽ԼSеĵһӡȻӵʱͯѾһ⳵

⳵һ·˺ܶ·˾ʵͯԼҲĿĵԼȥס·ϣΩһǵõǡڷӡ˾ġһɫķӣ¥ʽ󷿣һש̴ѡ

ͯһ˲׽ó˵ͼͯһڵͼѰңһСѰҷΧ

󣬳⳵һС·ͣͯ˳̧ͷǶɫķӡ

˶û˵ĬĬؿǶеķӣ巿ӵ棬ֻܿ¥ͺɫݶǸѷ˵̴ѡⶰӵǽݶǺɫģȻܼ̽ʵɫҲ¶һЩްգղŵⶰӵݶһ־ڷʽпġʽݶݶ¶ȣϲ¶ƽ²¶ȶ͡Ա˼ݶһ棬ƺһϻʽ촰¥

ȻĪؼӿˣһֵԤУԤеʲôȴ˵һ紵ķ˿ͷͯϿ˿

ôˣǵ˰

ҲҲղڴˡģûµģ̇ͷȻⶰЩʶĸоʣڷӣ

ǵġ

źɫƬǵݶʣļңһ㣿

ȫÿһ㶼ǡ

ÿһ㣿˵С¥ҵģԵ÷ǳȡ

ľγԱȵͯƽػش𣺡û¥Ҽҵġ

ﻹʲôˣ

ʲô˶ûˣⶰѾչʮˡˣɡ˵꣬ͯԼ·ߵһСȥ

ڷӺ·мһ̵ܴأ̵˸ֲ飬Ե䣬ľҲʮˣѷӵһ㶼סˡСͯߵߵһžͣһ⼣߰ߵţͯӰͳһʽԿףŵ

ԸԿ׻áͯԼ˵

Կת˺ܾòŰŴ򿪣һֵͯƿţСĵؿ˽ȥһ쾮쾮ɢһɳµҶúζ쾮ΧǽΧźڷһȦע⵽Χǽһͷ̮ˣһһ׶ȱڣš

ʲôأͯѾ˵¥ķţ˽ȥ

ں߽˺ڷӣһţŵһɳ¸ζڱǰ˻ӡ

ͯļ˵£ⷿѾʮûסˣһ˺ܶĻҳ

˿ǳڷһЩܼ򵥵ļҾߣǽ߻һ¯ֱͨݶ̴ѡɹⲻ̫ãԵ쳣ʹͯһֱӰšСĵŲӣľͷһߵߵƺз䡣ڿһ߻һڶ˸һ¥ͨ¥ͯ꣺ﳤģ

ǵģҾͳⶰ10ʱ뿪Ժ󣬾Ҳûлһֱڡ

Ϊʲôȥû˵Щ

ͯҡҡͷҪҲȥ롣

ĻĳֿɬǸ˵Բͯꡣ

ͯ΢΢ЦЦûϵһġ¥ȥ

̤ͯ¥ݣµľ̷֨֨ѽѽƺʱɢܡץԱǻҳľˣֻСĵؿŽ¡

£Сʱ¥ݾµġͯס

ֻͯ꣬Ǹеû˵ȥ

еʲôͯߡ

ûûʲô΢΢̾˿
---janeadam 

ظ[7]˶¥ӭһȣȱûдʲôֻͯס֣ͯǽ˺һ˵ƿأƵĹ߲ͣòȡ

ͯǰߣߵ˵ڶǰȻһ˫۾һֻһֻ۾ڿһ̧ͷֻŵ۾èۣװһèۡ

һֵĸоڡͯҪţȴ˵һȣèۺ֡񣬺װ˰ɣ

ţװˡ

ϸؿ˿è˵֣ôִ￴èأ

˭֪أҳǰЩèˡ

Щèۣ

ǵģⶰ漸ÿһȷ϶װèۣȫǴﷴװġ˵꣬ͯ۾յèǰ￴ȥȻͯ͵һ󲽣Ǳʲô˳һǳ֡

ôˣʡ

ͯվ˼ӣȻҡҡͷ˵ûûʲô

ɻؿͯ꣬Ȼ󣬰Լ۾յèǰ档͸èۣһƬģ˿ĥɰʲô塣

ˡͯһƿš

С̤˷䣬ϸػһȦһɳ¸ζ룬Ϸܻζģⶰչʮķӡܴ30ƽףһźܳľʴߴµͶڻ˺ҳĵذϡ

ȥҵĸĸסͯ껺˵ߵһŸ˿ǰûб죬͸ּ¶ţһ߹ǣŴͣƬ̺˵Ҹĸ˯Ĵ

ķأ

Ҳһ㣬ýȥˣǾסһ䣬㹻ˡȵһͷܷġ

ֿ˿ʣⶰô󣬹ȥֻסһң

ǵģҺҵĸĸ

Ϊʲô뿪

ͯһ£˵Ϊʧȥ˸ĸˣˣ˵һġǿʰһ°ɣϾסˡָͷ΢΢ЦЦ˵Ȱѷɨһ°ɣҵ¥ȥûйߣһ

˵꣬ͯ뿪䡣һվڷ룬ͯ꼱Ҵ¥־õصšСĵߵ˴ǰһСյغΧǽһɫ¥

ڷתһȦĽһױ̨һ³ٳ˸˿ûļҾˡױ̨һԲεľӣվ˾ǰ棬ңԼִ³ţżŮ˵·ʽˣŨҵζһȻ鲻Խ³ȥ

ڸʲô

ͻȻͯ꼱ٵֳ̰˳һ£Ȼҡͷ˵㲻Ҫڱ˵ıͻȻ˵ġ

Բȥ·ʮˣһֱûЩء

šپʵˣʶͯͯʹûĸĸûⶰ¥ķӡ

ͯ߹³¹غãﻹɨϰѣˣǿʼɡ

ٺ˼ˣЦЦ˵ã
---janeadam 

ظ[8]ڡֵŮ

ƻʱ֣ͯ߳˺ڷӡ

죬æþƣŰѶ¥һҺʰɾˡķ䣬Ŷûд򿪹¥ûȥͯ˵Ҫ 

¥¥ܹʮ䳹һҪһµʱ䡣Һˮ硢úֳɵģһͯ껹ҪҵȲȥһ죬ʱҲûǾһԡ 

·񣬻ƻʱָԵľûж˺ͳת·ڣҵһҲ͹ݡ

͹ݺСҲûжˣõúЩϢ۵ĲԵø룬رǽϹҵļ羰ͻѧĿ⡣ͯƣ£Ҫ˼򵥵Ĳˡڵ˵ʱܾΧڶǣЩ֣ǿʲôƵġԺĵذЩͯꡣ

ͯ˵ôɹˣԷĴŶͣǵһεԲ˵עɡ

ʱ򣬲ˣͯڤ룺ʲôأ԰ɣæһ죬Ͷˡ

ͯЩ̻ʣȷʵǶˣȴԲ˶٣ǲϵذĿͶ͹ߵ·ϡɫذˣǵĽŲҴңûнɫϦһЩ紵·ߵҡҷͣȻתͷ˵ͯ꣬û뵽Ǽҵķô󡣡

Ӵʲôã

ʲôãǹȥӣҶôϣһԼһķӣࡢʲô͸ʲô˹ȥϾӵСݡ

õˣһԶԶ󣬲𣿡ͯԵúƽ

ǵģԶԶҵֻǾã˵ⶰʵ̫ͻȻˣ£ԼᱻͻľϲιȥҪ֪ŬһҲòһ¥һӾӵ㡣

ͯ΢΢ЦЦˣҵӦõõҸұҸҵʹ

ͷ֪شٵΪֹ֪ʲôҸֻǺʵ˵лл㣬ͯꡣ

˵лл˵ⶰֻһŲѡҪллⶰӵ˰ɡ

˭ⶰӣ

ҵ游ˣֻ֪ЩҶԹȥ鲻Ȥͯ˵Լˡ

ǣΪʲôҪ10ʱ뿪ⶰأ

ͯͣһ£һֵĶȻͯ³һ˵Ϊһ꣬ʧȥҵĸ׺ĸס

ԭͯΪʲôûĸĸͼͥ
---janeadam 

ظ[9]ͯƽȵ˵һĳҹصʧˣǵѰҲû䡣ûãҰְҲ⣬ӷʧˤˡ

һ֣ͯͷĶ˵ĺӣͯ꣬һĺӡ˵Ŀڸο˵ĺӡͯһţḧ

ڸͷȻеһ˫۾ڿǡ̧ͷȥ·Ķ棬վһŮˣͨ͹ݵĲͯꡣ

ȻɫѰɫ·ȴˣ·ߵŮӣžĳһɫȹӣƯƤرףٲѷĿضͯ꣬ײһʱ۾ӹһ˿ֵĶʱͯƺʲôҲ̧ͷȥҲǸŮӡŮͯһ¶һ˿΢΢Ц⣬ȻͼǰȥʧͯҰ

ֵŮˡΪʲôҿأʡ

ˣȥˡ

Ȼ˵Ҳ㿴ˡңһײ΢Ц

ͯ΢΢һЦԴˣ

ҲЦˣʹͯǰ˵ôֺ˵˵ˡ

һЦһͯȻվ˵ҳԱˣأ

ͳԺˣǻؼҰɡ

õģؼҡ

ͯĻȻáؼҡֺҸǽˣ߳˲͹ݣڷȥ

ͯ뿪͹Ժ󣬲͹Ĭõʳܹ󵨵˵ˣ֪𣿸ղҿǴӺڷ߳ġ

ģû𣿺ڷӿɿչʮˡ

Ȼû

Ҫجˡ

ǲ˵ˣ˵¶Դ񣬱żĬС͹ָֻ˼ž
---janeadam 

ظ[10]ĽڡһֻƯè

ܿȻשԡ׶ʮǰģһԺµһǰڷӵĵһҹûüװˮýູҪϴһˣֻͯΪˮ

ȫˮУŽ췢ȫ飬һжһһ㶼û뵽Լӵһ¥Ĵӣ׼ʱͻҸδһ¡ҡҡͷеĺ˼룬Ҳиհ¼ҵŮ˶еĿ־ɡܿϴ裬һ˯£߳䡣

λȵľͷһ˵һһ·ĵƱصˣһţ۾ȴʲô塣ͷðЩͯ꣬ٵ˻ȥҹϷﴫŮ˵Ľ»ΧľǺµġ

һڴŵǽǰȥǵôﵽҪ䷿ţ˵һŰ֣ǹ⻬Ľĸоʲô֪ûת־ͿԿţûһȥÿһ¥оͬŽľ¥һ𣬶Ҽ΢΢ĴϢ

Ȼеһ˫۾ڿ

ͣԿ϶ǲͯ۾ţǰֻҹ󺣰ĺڰ˫۾ڶȷ

˭ؽһ

û˻ӦһжϢ

ǰȥҪصͯߣ룬ֻֻܹһ͸еʲô䵽ͷϣë׵ģȶȣм仹ĳּӲĶеë׵ĶҲ̲סˣ̼Ůڷӵİ

ҵŴˣͯ˳ĵƣ谵ĵƹ

ʲôˣͯ嵽ǰǽµ

ииͷϡŵغ

ûаͷʲôûУͷҡͯ긧ͷȻ̧ͷܣڣȵľͷ˫۾

һ˫èۡ

һֻèȫɫèβͼмһĺɫߵ㡣ֻè۾վȾͷķϿͯ

ͯ꿴ֻèסˣʼЩ΢΢ĲŴȴ˵̧ͷعͷȥҲֻè

һڳԭһֻèֿ˿ͯ꣬ͯǾȵıЩ֣ͯ꣺ôˣɫôѿ
---janeadam 

ظ[11]ͯ񱻵һ˵ϵèȵվţ̬ţӸµؿǣ͸ĳʶĸ߹󡣪

ȴƵעֻè̾˵ƣֻèֱ̫Ưˣ˫۾

Ȼֻè̤ӯè뿪˷ʧȾͷ

˫èȴӡԺС

ͯ˵ˣˣ˵ˣطɡ

˵꣬صȻϣһԲװĵƷ͵Ĺ⣬ĶͷϣʹԵøӲ԰ס

ʵڲףͯģͯԼôҲƵģҪο΢΢̾˿ſͯı˵ͯ꣬ǲЩң

ڴ쳣ͣһҲձŹӣͯǱȾڽػָһ֣ԼЦ˼£˵ԲСʱ򣬾ⶰҲйһֻèɫèǳǳƯͺǸղſֻèһģһ

һģһ

ԣһģһβЩɫİߵҲȫֱͬͬһģ¡ġ

¡è֪Ϊʲôֵͷ

ͯȻЦЦ˵ˡҸղſֻèʱȷʵһرֻè۾Զǵ˫۾۾ҵĵһоǣҵֻСèֻˡ

᲻ǵֻèĻһڣʶԼĴ󡣪

ῪЦȥʮˣٳٵèҲǹˡʵϣֻèǡͯ˵һȻͣסˡ

ֻèôˣ

ͯĬƬ֮˵ǱҸɱġ

̫ˣΪʲô

Ϊʲôͯƺ̸ˣˣ˵ˡǻؼҵĵһ죬Ӧø˲Ŷ԰

ţӦøһЩſͯ꣬˵ͷ˵ˣ˯ɡ

˵꣬ߵ˴ǰ˵ͯ꣬ҲӦװһװǰҶ

ǲҪ

Ϊʲô

Լһɡ

˿⣬ķһƬڣƺ˾סӣͯ˵öԣȷʵҪΪû˿õǡʱعͷȥͯѾɵڴˡߵߣŴϱ۾ͯ΢΢ЦЦظոջϵı죬Ȼѵƹˡ

ڷֳ˺ڰ֮С
---janeadam 

ظ[12]ڡһЩֵ

һЩϡ΢΢۾ͫױһ£ֵ˵ߣȻȻԵƣ룬ͷҵšֻһˣͯ겻֪ȥ˿Ѿʮˡ

Ѹٵ𴲣߳ңһƬ˵ƣߵ·ϴǶһܴľӣЩطѾ䣬¶˵ɫžԼһڳ

¥ݣûзͯꡣ¥ĿѾɾˣȻǹȥЩҾߣ¡һԲϣ㣬һ΢ȵĶ𶹽ЦЦ֪ͯѾˡ

㣬˿ߵĳܴ󣬴ߵΧǽֻӲݳúܸߣѾܵ˴ڡߵߵﻹм䡣

ÿһǰèۣȫǷװġΪʲôҪװأ룬ҲƷӵΪ˱ڼӷɣ˲ҲҪ˼Ūסǣеһ䣬ȴַʲôûУİĹߺһصĻҳ߽ȥֻͣſھעӡ

ȻǽǴ˼С֣Щ棬վſڿ壬ȥһصĻҳĽŲŻҳס˱ԷֹҳǼСдǽڵת䴦ȥĳֺɫīˮдģЩֺСŤŤĺȤһ֪Сд֡

ĬĬǼ֣

Ǹ󻵵

Ǹ񡣡

ҵǦʺС

ɱ衣

ɱˡ

Ҫèۡ

仰ȻҡҡͷҲֻС֮俪ЦѣСʱҲǽдƵľӡЩ֣һֵĸоǸСվǽʲôպźīˮдЩ֡رһУһ飺Ҫèۡ

Ҫèۣ
---janeadam 

ظ[13]ʲô˼ԼĬ仰ʱܸеһִӺ﷢оһֱǼڡֻСǽͿѻӦеģϸؿǽϵ֣һЩʻǶ϶ģ󼸾仰ϵıʻܶ࣬رŤмߣھҷʱд֡ԽԽе£ԾͲˣѸ뿪䷿˷š

ϣǼ仰ȴǻ֮ȥȻתͷ۾ŵèǰ￴ȥʲôûУֻһƮ䲻ĳ

һЦԼĶɡ¥ݣ¥ֵַѾˡ˶¥ͣͨ¥¥ȥȻںڰץŷ֣Щԥ¥ݣߵʮСģÿһͣ

¼롣֪ΪʲôԼƲסԼĲֱһèС

èȻ¥¥ݿڣŴ洫ĹߣվǶֱ۾۾ĳĶηóƤë֫Ķ䣬۾һջʹ˲һּ׽ηìܸ飬ڣȻҪڻ︧Ǽȥ

èֽһܼƺĳ־棬Ŀ⣬ʹֶͣһȻˣֻèȥ룬Ҳ¥èĵ̰ɣת¥ݣص¥ֻͷȥʱ򣬷ֻèѾˡ

صͯױ̨ǰžԼȻЩģɫķ⣬ȻƯر۾۾ͯΪ֮Է񡣪

СǼƯŮѩ֮ȾҪѷɫһЩ룬ҲܹⶰĿָöðϧԶ޷ˡѩǸŮ٣ʵϰڼ참ѳְˡǺüǰˣһֱӣʱж˵ЩʲôǲסȻеԼЩۣͷױ̨ϣ˯ˡ

ʱ򣬷Լڴϣͯڿ۾ãȻʣڼˣ

ˡһؼҾͿ˯ˣǲǺۣͯŹػ

еЩԼȷʵӦϢϢˡ

㻹û緹أҸͯ͡͵Ŀͺӣڴϳ԰ɡ

ӹͺУ߳ԱʣȥĶˣôʱ䡣

𣿡

ҡҡͷ

ҳȥסУȥǼ˵绰װˮѾװˣʹϴˡ

̫ˡ

ͯ˵أҶ˲ʵ硢䡢յԡϴ»΢¯磬ǾͿЩˡ

ҲЦˣֻһЦݣĵʣܹͯ꣬˶Ǯ

ͯ㣬Ȼش𣺡󣬽̳ۣЩܹŻ˲ԪǮ

֪֪ǵĴֻܹ顣

ҵȻֻ֪ÿЩ

ҡҡͷ֣ص˵ͯ꣬ڶûйϵǮ㻨ʣ޼ˣܲⶰӻɡ

ˣһȥҹġ

ҲҪȥҹȥܻһЩ

ͯ˵ͷŴ˵ƣˡ

Ȼ˴ϣģǵߡ
---janeadam 

ظ[14]ڡⷿ

ڷӳҹ˿̣ͯﾲĵģƽȵıϢʹڴϵ㡣Ȼͯ͵ߵ

˯ۣȻղ˯㣬źڰͯ꣬ԴɳƵ 

ôˣ 

ͯѹش𣺡

ϸţȴûʲô쳣ػش𣺡ֻд

ͯҡҡͷܿڰ쳣Ŀ⣬ĿԳһţ˵ֻ

˶ס˺Ƭ֮˵ˣʲôûУôˣ

ˣڼǰȻͷͷ컨壬ˣˣ

ʲôҡҡͷҲ̧ͷ컨壬ʣʲôˣ

ŲкֵĽŲ컨洫ġٶͳԵʮֽţָ֣ͷ

Ҳˮߡֻè

ܣǽŲ˵ĽŲ÷ǳˣԳ˿־壬ץס֡ͯܲסˣ˴ҵš

Ҫʲô

ҵ¥ȥ

¥ʲôûУһҺ¡

ͯûҴ߳šֻʣһˣ̴̨ƣ͵ĵƹ⸧ĶͷʲôסԼļŸղֵͯı֣Ѿ˯ȫˣתͷ˿⣬ѹѹʲô

ͷԼͷ컨ľƵģϺܾˣ¶һЩ΢Сķ϶Щ¡

ͯˣɫ԰ףֻص˴ϡʲô𣿡

ⷿ顣ѹ˵

˵ʲô

ˣ˯ͯ۾Ҳ˵ˡ

˵ƣҲ˯ˣͷ컨壬ĬĬԼ澿ʲô
---janeadam 

ظ[15]߽ڡһıɱ

ߵ۾ţ򼸺Ҫۿˣͫ׷Ŵ˷ǳŵĵز۽ǻһЩѪ˭óǰɾĿ־塣

Ҷ̾һǰѵб˿־𣿡

ʵȴ޷ش⡣

ҶȻͷСߵ۾̽ȥǸ޻̸֮ߵӳֵӣΪһеһۡ

ȻΪһ٣ҶǴ޴̸ġڣȴһֵĸоʹȡ˷Ŵ󾵣׼ߵ򡪡ǿ϶ģһߵӳֳģԼӰӡ

ҡҡͷ˼۲ߵ󡪡ɳϣ˫ѾӲӲֱˣֻͬķУſָƺҪץסʲôŻϻãû˺ѵĺۼֻߵĲһԵٺۣһɫסƵģȫΩһ˺ۣҲġ

ߵʹţʺĿǻ¶ҪʲôҶʲôҲܱʹ޷κ

ҶٿˣֻһȦССķӣϣмǰƬԭƯƬߣǺĶ˵ӡҶһΰĿͶɳǾʬ壬ֱȽһƬ治ͬһˣҲÿʱ򶼻ʧ

ܾöûзĶɱˡͬȻҶĶ𡣪

ҶһȻ˵ĽΣ

ûб˹ԼΪšҲҲκβĺۼһں޷ġߵֽȣһӵŮԣ25꣬һ̳ϵȽϼ򵥡ʱԼΪ11㵽賿1㣬ֳûзֲﱻٵļ󡣡

Ҳûжλַ

ûУ˲ϵĶۡ

Ҷ˵ͷͬ˵ֵİôжϵģ

ҵжϣҵֱңǺɱˣ塣ͬҡҡͷ

ǵģѪ

˵꣬Ҷ߳˷䣬Ŀյϣ͵˼ڣղҪǹϢϢˡ̧ͷܲƣȻһֲԤСҲµجλںͷ

ǲ֪ǵһɱ
---janeadam 

ظ[16]ڰ˽ڡֲӤ

ƻʱ֣ͣˡ

ɡص˼Ե쳣ƣµĺڷӣسһѾ˵塣˵壬ͯţеʣ𣿡

ûлش𣬾ֱ߽˿ɳϣһԲ

ͯߣο˵õģѾװˣٵϲһûй湫˾Ƹһлġ

ûʲôֻǾãǰ̫ˣΪضǹĻᡣڣǴˣְҵʧҵˣ˺£еѾ˶ûҵʵĹǿܱǸѡ

ǵģ׼ͯ긧ͷ˵ƣһ죬ʪˣȥϴˮɡ

˵ͷ˵лл㣬ͯꡣҲ취ȥҹˣ𣿡

û⣬¥ϴȥɡ

ƣĲ¥ݡ

ϴ裬һЩ˯£ɫ࣬ͷɢص¥£˿̣ͯѾһ׼ˡ

ͯ͵۹⿴̾˵ϴƯԷɡ

ڲߣ΢Ц˵ܺһĺҸ

ͯ΢΢һЦش𡣪

ԷʱȻ˵ͯ꣬ǼSû𣿡

ʲô

סӦ֪ͨһ

ûˡأ

ָԼ˵ңҵȻûˣ˽򡣡

㲻Ѿ

ǵģνֻнжѡʵҽѣҲͬѧͬ£֮ĸǳعңҵӡܺá

ҲǾ٣

ǵģҵSСѾüȥˣϵˡأǼôķӣӦһ壬һݶû𣿡

ǵģǼֻʣһˣΩһļ̳ˡ

ô˵һʲƲƵġ

ƲⶰӣǼһС

һǼӵôķӣȴûǮ

ǵģʵǼҲУСʱûʲôöķ䶼ǿչšҰְǸͨĵԱѧԺĽʦʱʦĹǺܵ͵ģɲڡ

ʦ

ͯ˵ͷͻǳ

ܿĻ

Ҳ֪

ͷƺʲô
---janeadam 

ظ[17]ʲô

룬һˣͯ꣬˵ʧٵģΪʲôʧأ

ˡ

˵ԻȥĶأأ

ⶰͯ˵

Ļסˣȵʣ˵ʲôⶰ

ֻһָоʧٵһҾָоûߣҵߣⶰͯ˵˵

ⲻܡ

ͯ˵ͷ֪֪Ҳʧȥװ˵ʱҲôΪģÿһӶָоģʧȥԼĸס

⡣

㲻⡣ͯЩˣ漴ֻԲǱЩˡЩ˯ɣһҾȥְҵ

ŵӸչǾ˯ˣ˯ǰĬĬţԸͯ겻Ҫ¥ϵĽŲˡ

ܿ죬ͯ˯ˡȴٳٶ޷ߣû꣬˺⣬ž֪ԼΪʲôĬʱ䣬ҲѾ˺ܾˣš컹Ҫķҡ

Ϊ˶շתʱȻһëȻӤ

ġĬţֻ󣬻ξȻǸȷʵڣȷʵˣһӤţ죬ҲǸŮӤԲèУһȷֱܹ

۾ڰͷϵ컨ԡǿǴ컨洫ģԽԽеʶӿ־塣

һߵͯ꾪ˡ

ôˣڷҷʲôˣͯ§ס

û𣿡

ʲôͯסȥȴʲôҲûУûнŲϵĽŲûг֡

ǽŲӤĿ

ӤĿڿЦ!

ŬԼ侲ǿһһֵ˵ţûпЦұ֤ӤĿͷ컨档

ҿɲȥһΡ

ҲȥֻҪܹߡĵ˵

ˣԶߣˣ˯ɣ컹Ҫء

ǡȻ˵ˣΪǿͻȻ֮ʧˣ̧ͷźڰе컨壬۾

ͯҲ˵ˣ˯ˡ壬һţֱŶ䣬ϸŷ﷢ÿһȴûκη֡

ѵǻ

޷شĻгξ
---janeadam 

ظ[18]ھŽڡ

֪ԼʲôʱѹģֻǵԼ۾ʱ򣬴ɴʱӤ

ûн˯ͯ꣬Լĵ˴ѭȥ˷šǿ 

ںҹ˵֪Լܽͯ꣬Ҳϴһ 

֪Լĵݵ߹ڰȣ¥ݿڣ¥ûмֻèȻеһӰһȻ͵ػعͷ

һСӰܰҲһӣţǸӰ¥ݡȥǸӰƺ֡ǣС¥ȥߵʱŽŴ΢⿴ǸӰӵȷʵһӣԼ10ҵӣһЩɵİ׳

ȵʣ˭Ǵģ

ӻش𣺡ҽ

Щ죬Ȼˣڵ¥һǽϼ֡Ǹ󻵵ǸҵǦʺСɱ衣ɱˡ

ò㣬ɱ裿

ĺؿȻ΢΢˵ͷˮԣ͸ĹŤΡ

㣬Ҳ漸ȴ˵ˣ´ǺӵǸµĴ𰸡

߽һ󱳿ǰ޷ˣܹ΢Ĺ߿Ȼ⺢ӳͦϲģرֻıӡ

𿿽ҡЩˣЩؼȥɣôˣ衪˻ᵣġȻʶǺѾûˡ

Ȼ΢Цһ£ЦӺܿɰԴζ˵㣬㳤ÿ

ĳޣ治֪ǺãͣƬ̲Żش𣺡Ҳܿɰϲ㡣Ļؼȥɡ

ҵļҡ

СӲ˵ѣ˵ҪͷġȻ˵ﲻļңߴطˣҵļҡ

ļңҲҵļҡ˵֪꣬ͳһ΢ĹУ׹ӷķ⣬Сζ˵㣬͸һ

ֵؿʣΪʲô

Ϊ㳤ĺÿӦ

Щˣҡҡͷ㲻ܱ˵

㣬ʵӦġţͰӲܣŵҲڵأԽԽ
---janeadam 

ظ[19]˹

۾ǸӲˣڰʲô˶ûУͯꡣĺ߳һ亹͵ҡҡͷףԭղֻһζѡ

һֵΡ

Լ˵ûʲôֵСҲֻԼڿ˵¥ЩԺ֣˼ҹΰˡ룬ɫѾˣɴڲϡعͷ˯еͯ꣬ЩĽ

ȻЩʹ̯˽ȭ֣һһ

һ!

ûץһ͸ڣ

ּˣһƬհףѵԼļǸС?ߣԼ֪´ӷĳҵģʵڼǲԼҵֻиղǸȴǵ

Ӵߣ꣬ɫԽԽˡϸؿûʲôرģӦһƷûжƽȤ׹ӡһűʯ

ʯɫֳ͸ķɫʲôƷ֡ϸؿһرĸо˵Ǹ˻ǲʯеŮ˶дġߵױ̨ǰȿžԼЩģȻԼĲϡ

ŴԼǰǿűʯ׹رۣȻþеԼ·ѾΪһˣԭȵǸԼȫˡȥǴӲģͯһЩ۵ΣҲûùΪǾϴŽоܹ֡ڣȻԼЩϲˣǰıʯģһɹϵϢĿڡ

ڸʲô

ͻȻͯ־һ£ȻЩңҪӲժȥѾˣĪԼ˵

ͯ󣬸˫硣žͻȻǰ

ģʲôԵ÷ǳԾס˱ʯ׹ӡȻϸؿ˿ڲţﻹǿűʯŵǡһǴҵģ

֪ش֪ͯǲǸεģԭԭеһжͯꡣ

ͯԺ˺ܳʱ䡣˵֪ͯ꣬㲻ŵġ

ͯҡҡͷҲ̧֪ͷ˵֪˭𣿡

Щɻ󡣪

ȻΪ***ͯ껺˵

ܿ϶

ͯ˵ͷ˵СʱҾʶ鱦ʯ׹ӣһֱ***ϣӲֱʧ٣Ҳ֮ʧˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[20]ҵõ漣Ҳʧٵʱûаϣһֱⶰһ˵һ߸űʯָģ֡ǣȴԼժ

Ǹʲô

***ҵģ㡣ŵͯ

ġҵ游ģⶰӣҲΩһŲˡרŸͯҵŮģүү͸̣Ұְְ͸裬ڣҰ͸㡣˵ְ꣬ͯĲϡ

ͯ꣬лл㡣ǣҲ֪ûʸȻЩš

㵱Ȼʸ񣬴ҵһۼһҾ֪ˣʸ񡣡ͯζ˵

Ӽҵһ𣿡

ǵģһ̣ڤڤ֮е˸ҡ㽫⴮ңֻ㡣

ŸеҸ΢Цžıʯ׹ӿͯꡣ

ͯűʯ˵֪ʲô𣿡

ҡ

ͯͣƬ̣Ȼ˵֡èۡ

èۣ

ǵģǴ˵еè۱ʯ˵꣬ӳȡһֵͲ򿪣ֵ۹׼è۱ʯǿҵĹߡ֮£è۱ʯı̾ͳһϸխķ⣬˿̣ʯȥһֻè۾ǵصǡèϸͫס

̫ˡ鲻Խ̾ͯصֵ磬è۱ʯָֻԭȵɫЩû뵽ֵǵè۱ʯҵǰ

̸ϼֵǣĽèȷʵټúõشɡ

һ񱣻Լһ

ͯ˵ͷ֣ص˵ллΪè۱ʯҵ岢ļֵʹҵ裬⣬˵һжûġ

İɣ˼ס֡

˿̣ɫѾȫˣֻˮȻʹ˾ܡȻʲôæ˵ȵ¥ȥ

¥ݣ¥ĿãӻҲڵءһڣʿǣš

С˺ܶ࣬ߵ쾮泯죬Ʈ˿䵽ϣ˿شżоͦġ÷ĿҪȺڷöˣЩ̰˼ˬࡣ

ʱ䷢֪ʼˣǸһÿһÿÿЩֽÿ춼Ҫһ䣬ЩռñͲĿռ䡣

ţȻ˸߰Ĺ棬־ͰЩӽȻӹƸۣеЩ﷢һƸ档˵ɲ濴˿Ȼʺ

˾ƽСԴ湫˾ֵ֣ƸԱޣҪҲúʣҪרԺУҵһϵĹ飬ЩҲҲϣԼ˵ȻƸ棬ȥ

˿̣èǰҡš
---janeadam 

ظ[21]ʮڡɹ

죬ȥӦƸ

˰СʱĵŸϵĿĵءһ30ߵд¥߽ݣϵ20㡣ȵľͷ˶Դ湫˾ͼ־һʽ¥ϳŵĴ  
 

ȻͼЩ죬룬˿ܽţȱӦƸԵľ飬Դܵġղ׼ĶȻ˼ڣԼؿڣǿè׹·棬·èۣĺȻðǣ߽˹˾İ칫ҡ

ﲢûô˲Ǻܶ࣬ȥæµԽŵعţվߵûһԼȥڹ湫˾ͼӣԸˣߵ˷Ľ

ӦƸİɣһ˵æعͷһ30ҵˣóƸ˵ǵġ

ϸشܲڣѾϰעԼĿˣԵúƽ

ҽܾɡܾ칫ҡ

칫Ҳ󣬳ܼ򵥣ĲɹҲԵò㣬ǽϹŵļĿ⡣ȫǴָĴʽʽģŵִġиֲͬӾǶȣƽŵĴŵĴŵĴбƳŵĴǼģĺӰ߼İ⡣

ϲЩ𣿡Ȼ

Բ𡣡

ϲЩҺܸˣΪЩҵƷΪʲôվţ

ʮ־нˣȻЩš

ʲô֣



ܺõ֣İɣĿͶ˴⣬20¥µĳɳϸ֮У̾һ÷ӻʱ갡

˵ͷȻһ䣺Բ𣬾ӦƸġ
---janeadam 

ظ[22]ҵȻ֪ʲôġȻӳȡһűݸһɡ

ݺܼ򵥣ܿ˽Եؿ˿Ȼÿɷ˵ʲôʱʼѧģ

СѧʱͿʼѧˡ

ϲ

ǵġ

˵ͷǹ湫˾ǻȣһӦ

ȻйĹ湫˾飬滭

ǹ˾ޣǳطأһ˵ԱܲĹǿȶˣأʡ

û⡣

ȻվˣڿԻȥˣϾŵ׼ʱϰ࣬һ㰲ŵģҪٵٵ

һˣסˣûϲɫֻǺзִվ˵ллһŬġ

ϣ㲻Ҫʧ˵

תҪߵʱ򣬺ȻعͷʣһҲס

ʰɡ

ΪʲôҪƸͶ

ͣƬ̣Ȼ󻺻ػش𣺡Ϊ֪ѧġҾһġˣȥɣһæԸٶ˵ˡ

Ҵҵ˳˷䣬뿪˶Դ湫˾

ؼһ˲࣬˿λӡϸػŸղӦƸḶ́Լԭ׼õһ׶ûϣȻԼЩЦû뵽ô׾ͳɹˣ΢΢ЦЦҲһͷҪؼҸͯꡣȻǰֳָĿ⣬УЩĴһжصһЩˡûע⵽Ѿվˣæվȥʱ򣬳Ѿˡ

۾ؿڵè׹ӣȻڳϳ̾һɵɳһվ
---janeadam 

ظ[23]ʮһڡССִ

Ѿ𣿡

ͯΪʲô⣬ش𣺡ȻȥϰˣΪʲôô˵

ͯҡҡͷ˵ûʲôĵƹϣɫԵò̫á

Ȼ绰ˡͯ˵绰ֻͨ˲ӣͯ͹Ҷ˵绰

ӦƸĽ𣿡еʡ

ʧˣǼ־û¼ҡ

֣ͷ˵ûϵܿͻҵʺĹġߣȥӰ¥ԣ

ȥֻɴգҾ˵ȻֵҲǮķ²

룬ǣӦʵһЩͯ꣬㲻żѾҵˡ

ǴϵǮʣ¶٣

˵ûȥֻµĿɡ

ͯ겻˵ˡ

ͯ꣬һ顣ǿ԰ѵ¥ķȥǼҵ˽ġÿµĿͲˡ

ͯҡҡͷڷӲס

Ϊʲô

Ϊʲô׵ġ

ʣЩչŶʲôأ

塣

ҡҡҡͷͯ꣬ҷԽԽ޷ˡ

ⲻǺܺ𣿡

ҲֻֻèܸԭˡԼҲ֪Ϊʲôô˵

ͯɫһ䣺˵ʲô

ء

ȻͬʱһèСͯ̽ŵɨŷܣûзֻèֻ³΢ضһ£ĵ߹ȥ³š³ﶼʮǰͯ·ɢһرζڣһɫĳȹ£ֻè

è۾úܴ󣬽ضͯ˫۾̾뵽˴ϵèȻֻèԾֻè֡
---janeadam 

ظ[24]ȥͯ꾯

ûָ伴èʱèȴѸٵض㿪ˡͯ˷ţֻèһɫĵһѸٵشӷŴ˳ȥ

ΪʲôҵĻ

ֻǾƯ

ԽƯĶԽǿ¡ͯ˵

ʲô˼ٺͯˣֻǵ˵ⶰ𣿡

Ŀǰһûзĺۼʲô

ֻǲֻèⶰģ׷ͯꡣ

һֻҰèѣˡ

㲻ϲè㲻˵СʱҲһֻè𣿡

ͯͷ˵Ϊˣҿֻè͸е¡

㲻꾭

ˡҡҡͷ

ͯ꣬Ӧƴ

ı㡣ͯߵ˴ڣŴĳҹ˵һҹȻߵߣ§סļ򡣪

ͯ꣬ҽ˯һһҪȥϰ࣬ҪСʱҲһϰͳٵϲٵˡ

ͯ˵ͷðɣԸǲҪʲôֵˡ

˵꣬ͯͬʱĿ׼ͷ컨塣
---janeadam 

ظ[25]ʮڡɱ¼



˵ӾͳˣƮһЩ˿һϰ࣬ΪԼװһֻǿè׹ӻǲ·档

վһոտߣֻһˡ 

ǣϾȺһ 

Ժһ40ߣ̯ıֽȻЩ㱣֪ʲôԭûκ쳣ѵõ˯һȾôһָеƣ룿Ի֮Уһİ˵ϡ

ȥͷʱ򣬲ϵǡû·ǸƳһۣȻǿŻε·è׹ӡ

è

˰ֱӣߵ˫ֱǰǿè۱ʯǸֵӾǱƵģŴ죬ɫ־壬һ亹Ӷͷ

ʶԼǰèۣæ׹ص·档ȻǸ˻ÿ־Щ¡վ˵Բڿʲô

˲ش𡣴˿̣˵ʻվһֵ˵èۡ

˵ͷ

ǡ˵Ļû˵꣬ȻȻֱǰվ̨ȥ

гվ̨Х

Ҫʲô

վ̨

гվ

Ѫˮ߸ߵؽȾ졣

ˣؼУȴʲôҲֻھҵشϢšţһˡ

վ̨ӵˣҲ־ļУԱŵ˹ȺУվţȻ֣·ǿèۡ

Բһ˵𣿡һԱļʡ

δãȻشòŻеص˵ͷ

һº𣿡

Ȼ뵽˽Լһϰ̻࣬ش𣺡ʵڶԲһҪȥϰࡣ

У̾ҪˣҪĿ֤ˡ

ǡ

ԲҪ¡

ֻܵ˵ͷѾһƬհˡعͷֿ˿վ̨£һЩԱѾȥֳˡԼҵǰֳǸѾڳ֮µ˿èʱ־񡣪

ʮڡһϰ

æشӹ־Ѿ10ˣ⣬ԭԭػشˣ첢ûлʲô⣬ֻǼĵַ֤롣

־ſĴûжˣԼΪʲôôùóһɱߵĿ֤ˣҲ¹Ǳסˣǽ⳵ֱ˾СųԴ湫˾칫ҵʱ򣬾Ȼûһ̧ۿЩʧҲãٴûע⵽ĳٵȻܾٵˡ 

һ𣬻ػعͷͷЩ˵Բ𡣡

ȵҵİ칫˵ɡ

ͷ߽˾칫ңһ̧ͷȽߵĻǼڴĻ

ֱ˵˵˵ٵ

Բ𡣡

ңһϰࡣ

æ˵ϰ·ϣ⡣

⣿

ڵվϣиվ̨ɱˡ

ɱʲôϵ

ҪĿ֤ˡΪǸǰһ仰Ǻ˵ġèۣԼԼèۿܻҲԼĳ鷳
---janeadam 

ظ[26]һ澫ʡ

û˵ѣղҾǱе˹ȥѯľģҲϵĵﻹᱨ¼

£Ǹ˵ѵˡֻǾã˵ǾС˵ڣͨھС˵ֻһʼѣĿ־֮־ߵľ񽫻ڿ־бҲдһܾʵľС˵ҲĻᶯдģллṩزġ

ǰʵǺ֣ͣȴˣǸɱ˶˵˾ʲô

ҡҼǲˡϸȤˡ

𣿡

ǵģʱһһƬհףȫˣʵڶԲ𡣡

ҡҡͷ˵˰ɣܹ㡣ˣҿԭ㣬²ΪѾ㰲źùˡ

߳˾칫ңһŶԴӱߣ˵İ칫طСЩһ°ɣܿ죬ͻܵĹġ°ɡ

СĵŴеĳɭ֡

ȴ򿪵ԡ˵

հˡ

˵ǹ˾ҪǾӪƽҵǺͱ˲һǵɫֹͼΪôͳ˹ĶҪȵĸںʵҵһЩ̶ͻĶֻϲֹƽ棬Ӧҵ˼

ǵģʵҲϲش𡣪

ܺáҪڵԼһɡϣܾɣҪʧ

˵ͷ

ˣԼæɡ緹¥ĲòͲ󡣡

˵꣬뿪Ȼ͵վɱ߾ȻмơҡҡͷԼں˼ˡ˵Ĺ˾棬һȷΪһʷ̨续һݳɡ

룬Ȼӵĳ룬Ѿ׼˸ֹߡʼ˼עȴ޷СĿ׼˴ĳУһƬУĪؼӿˡĵشӻͳè׹ϸؿĹҲ޷ڵվ̨һС

̾һè۷ŻصԼǰһ󳹹ǵ⡣

ʮĽڡ֣

žƣص˼ңѾˣ꽥ͣˣòײŴƶ˳̧ͷһþöûмˡ

ţͯ͵ˣͯôŻ

˰֣ɳ˵췢˿µ顣

µ£

һͻ֪ˡ

ͯɵؿȻ˿æ˵ŶѾʼˡ

¥ϵң˵ӻڲŵɱһƬǼѪȣȺͯ꿴Ҳ˵С

Ҳֳ

ֳңһҪĿ֤ˣҪǣǸɱǰһ仰Ƕ˵ġ

˵ʲô

èۡ

̴ͯһͣƬ̣ȻЩ˵¶ˣ

ǣҵİ˵ϣڼʱԼˣǵã޹ء

Ǹ˾Աߣè׹ӣͺܿ־վ̨

˵ͷ

ɱͯ˵

˵ʲôһ

㲻ǹġǣϾ

˵èۣ

ͯͷ˵Ҳ룬Ҳе˶è֮ıʯǳУһͻǳ־壬ڻŲ·У˵վ̨
---janeadam 

ظ[27]˵̫˰ɡ

Ҳÿһ˵ﶼĳֿ־壬е˿־ڰе˿־Ѫе˿־ţе˿־èۡͯȻЩˡ

Ȼ󵨵˵־èۡ

̵ͯͷҲ־壬ʲô־塣

˵ѡĻԼŵġ

˵ˡͯվص˵ӻһ˲Բߵ˷Ľ

˵ԲҲҪԾһȥ¥ˡ

ȥʲô



ˣ

Żߵſڣعͷ˵ͯ꣬ҵݹǳæұҪڹ涨ʱһݳҲ뿴ҵĵһù˾ʧ𣿡

ͯش𣬾¥ݣȻеһ˫۾ڿһ˫ȩۣ̀ͷһɫӰӴӷӹ
---janeadam 

ظ[28]ʮڡط 
Ҷ߽·ߵľе⣬ȻڷӸǰʱȻסˣⶰɫĽȻһʶĸоȥȲָоڼĳĳ˵ʱ򡣪

ǰ塣Ƭ֮ŵĴ򿪣һʶ

ǡضҶ

˲䣬˶סˡ

ҶȷӦҶ

򣬽ҵȻûǣɡ

ҪٽҽˡҶȻȻѩһʹˡֿ˿ǸŮҶѩҵʱûожôƯֻǾŮܿɰڣõѾ˽㡣

Ҳ˽㣬Ǿͼڲˡ߽˵¥ĿҶⶰ޴ķӣס˵һ䣺󰡡û뵽סʵǹ£ڵɱ¼ôɣԭĿ֤ˡ

Ҳҵ𣿡

Ҷ˵ͷ

°ʲô

Ҷڰ˵ˣǹ¡Ĭһؿ˵ĳˡ

΢΢һЦҵȻСˡҲǼϰˡ˵㣬ȴסˣҡҡͷԸٹĵĻˡҶ࣬ҲǼǰǸëëŵļϰˣĿޱȣ˶Եó죬Ҷһ˲¡

ȻҲڹ־ｲ𣿡

ʵǲڸİӣһȥһɱֳı¼ҺȻӷǳ֣һɱһǰһӡȥԪ2001ĵһ죬һµվ̨ɱ

Щµʣй𣿡

ӦûйϵȥһС飬Ŷ𰸼Դŵע⵽ı¼һϸڣǸ˶𣿡

ԡ

ҿ𣿡

ûоܾȫҶҶĹӲȡҶ

èۣҶؽһ

ǵġ

Ŀ˿һۣ⴮èܰ䡣

лл΢΢Щˡ

Ҷϸضè׹Ƭ̣ûзʲôرĵطȻ˵ôصƷһҪúñܣңһʱҪ׵¶ñ˿ܻ˵ע⡣

ллѣʲô𣿡

ҶεҡҡͷȻǾɵ㣬ʱûˡȻվ˷һȦһסôķӣ

ͯꡣ

ͯꣿġ

˵ͷԡ
---janeadam 

ظ[29]סôķӣ˸еȰ

Ҳǣͯ洫ķӣʵ˷Ӻè۱ʯ⣬ǼһСóȥƬˣȻǻ̸һ̸

Ӱʦ

ǵģûSҵ

ǸS𣿡

ǵģûãⶰѾչʮˡ

Ҷڷ˼ȦܾⷿӵĽṹЩ죬ϸؿŷÿһ䣬ʲô

Ҷڿʲô

Ҷüͷһ˵ǼĴ𣿡

ȻȻԡ

ڵ¥ߵһȦмԼûнȥﵽǳЩӰ˵ļҾ֮ġҶԽԽ֣СĵҶڵӺڿ췸ֳ

Ҷش𣺡Բȥ¥Ͽ𣿡

ͷ¥Ҷ̤ŷ¥ʱɫԽԽ֣ŵع۲ÿһ䡣¥ҪƵʱҶȴֹȱ𿪵ơ

Ϊʲô

Բ˵

һƬڰҶóֵͲȥһԲεĹ⻷ںڰУһֻ˵۾ֵǰȥСĵظں棬ǵĽŲ˷Ҷ֣ԱߵһţȻ͵ƿеһ

Ǽ䷿Ҳûнȥһһд̨һ˶ߵ飬˺ĻҳǸ鷿д̨ϻ̯һ飬Ҷߵд̨ǰⱾ顣ⱾԵ÷ǳɣҪİʽûмһ֡ǳԾⱾ֡èۡ

èۡⱾֽСèۡһû˵һ顣ȵ˵ķ档

ϵͼһèϹҵһȫͬŵʶԼؿڡ

ԭȻҶȻ˵³һ

˼˵ʲô

£һ˵ģҡҶĿԵʮֳֿɵţ˵ͷҶ˵ȰⱾ𣿡

ı㡣

ţҶⱾ߳˷䣬ֹһ䣺һ֮ǰǧҪٴţһֱַԭ𣿡

û⡣ͲٴЩˡ

ҷҪĶҪ̻صȥһġ

ߵ¥ݿڵʱҶȻָָ¥ʣ¥ϵô

һûȥ

ҶͷܺãҪȥˡ

æ߳˺ڷӣһֱ·ߣϰµģ̲סҶңⶰ﷢ʲô

ҶҪ˵ȴֹ˵Բʱ˵ţԼƬʲô飬̸Ҵ绰浽ˣټ

ҶתҪ뿪ʱҶڷǲʲôܣ

Ҷͣûлش𣬼ԺǰȥʧȻعͷеڷӵӰѹһϮȫ
---janeadam 

ظ[30]ʮڡֲ¼

ҶصʱͬǴѾ°ˣԿտٵĽŲȵľͷ͸һЩɫĹ⣬ͬһ˷롣

Ҷæƿ˰칫ҵķţ϶Ŀǰڵŵȱɱ 

йļҶӰóǱľϣⱾ飬ӴȡԿף򿪰칫µһ롣 

ڳײ㣬һ̺ɫ¼Ҷ΢Щذ¼ŵϣȻζĿá¼Ѿڹֵĳ˯һ꣬ڣҪˣҶԼ˵

һǰһ峿Ҷų˰ֳһд¥µֳͣͬ¸Լ賿ӣһӴӾ¥Ĵ׹Ҷݲݵؿ˿ֳʬ壬һˣͷȫˤˣһЩѵĹͷ壬ضѪֳ棬ҶѾϰˡʱ޷ȷ

ɱɱҶ̧ͷ¥¥һȫˣܶȻײ˲ġ

Ҷܽ˴¥˵ֱϾŲ㣬¥һҽϻ־硣߽¥Ǹ䡣ܴ־ı༭ûб˹ĺۼԿ׿šҲûвĺۼƺû˽

Ҷϸع۲˱ײƵĴĲƬϻմһЩѪȻƴʱµġ˾ȻôɱҲÿ˴¥ɣܻܿû׹棬Щ鲣㹻ˡ

һŰ칫ϣҶһ̨װŸĴӡȻԤеʲǫ̂ɫҲ֪ԼΪʲôֵԤУΪ٣ʼԼֱʵϣֱȷġ

СʱԺߵѾˣǡϻļߣֽг츳25ꡣ츳ͬǵıϣ̨ɫ϶ǳ츳ģ°Ժ˶츳Ǵ̨ߵġҶѯ־ˣ˽߳츳ƽʱΪ˲ûʲôȺãϵҲҪ־Ӱ츳Լϲ񣬾㡣˽⣬츳ڼǰͬ£˵Լμ˵̨ĸ˼¼Ƭô

֮ܶ˭˵츳ö˶˵ΪʲôҪɱȻֳĽȴʵųɱĿܡҶĿֶ׼̨ɫһشѾԺγˡߵ﾿Щʲô

ǣ̨ͬһ˾죬ʹ�һ̴ӣȻ󷴸عۿо˰£µʱÿҶھ¼ȹЩҹԶȻ¼յȴǱҶĳһ˯һꡣ
---janeadam 

ظ[31]ʱ˿̣ʱһ֮ģ¼һξҶǰܿ죬Ҫӳ˯ѹˡᷢʲôأҲҶѾõһѿ֮ŵԿףܵʲôãǵ

ȻûǵҶעҪȥˣжʹһδ¼¼һڣ˿ҹɫȻ˰Ҷذ¼˻С

ӻĻȳֵһƬҹԣͷҡε÷ǳһЩ֦Ҷ򵽾ͷϣͷǰһ⣬ϵ̽յƹ⡣ţͷһǽͷǽߣһЩֱǽϳһȱڡƹ׼ȱڵ棬ղ˶ԶֻģؿƺһӵĺӰ

ͷԽȱڣɨһȦȻ󻺻ǰȥת䣬һųھͷͻȻһֻ뻭ˣȻߵ֣ƿţϵĵƹȥһƬڰͻԳһȦɫĹ⻷˵ĸоǿŶӽ˹ŰϵķĹ˿̾ͷͣƬ̣ߵĴϢƺԥգ̤ⶰӡ

ͷǰİһĻҳģסߣһֻ˳þͷֽ˲ҳģ˵ľͷƬ֮ڿԿĶˣҰǽڡߴ컨塢İĴЩ˯ʮļҾߺʹ¯ͷȻһ˭ܸоߵĿ־塣

ͷٶǰƣƺǽһߵǵ¿ǹŴĹͻȻͣסˣͷת׼һȷţһֻèۡȻͷ׼ǽڣԺһͻȻ߷˿־弸ܰ˶ѡ˾ͷŲ·ȥһ·Ͼͷһ׼ͷһֶ׼ذ壬˿תֱҪŻ¡

Ȼͷƺ¥ֵ¥ˡͷָֻˣǶ¥ӭһȡȻڹľͷһӰӣͷǰһֻèǰ˼Ŭ˽࣬ʹֻèسھͷһֻȫɫèβͼϵĺɫߵ㡣ֻèڿžͷԵ˴ݲȣƶŵĲر˫èۣھͷԵ÷ǳǳˡȻͷֻè׷ȥһҵڵִĿĵصʱֻèȴˡ

ͷ˷ɨһ飬ͷ£ҲûèӰˡһͷٵȥ·ȴͣסˣͷתһֻϵèۣţһֻƿ˷šһƬڰҳٶ𣬾ͷĹкȻһֻĴͷڷɨһȦһд̨̨̯һ顣ͷյд̨ϣһְֻ鷭˹ͷϵĹ˷棬¾ɵķϻһǡèۡһҵĲȻְⱾԭϡͷһŲ𣬳ⷿ䡣ţͷ¥ݿڣ¥»˻Σ˿̣һ

һŮ˵ļУ¥ϣޱëȻͷٶҵزƺǲ¥ȥͷڵвֱ¥˿̣ľͷѾȫʧȥ˿ƣתͲ֪ʲô

ֻ̽յƹͺڰǽڱ˴˽֡ţԼҲͻȻƺǱʲôŻˣͷȴʲô塣Ů˵ļкߵļн֯һ𣬹ͬصⶰԷֱЩŮ˵ЩԼڻ棬ͬһߵ˲Ļ硣󣬾ͷڰ֣ҲκӰˣЩµҲȻֹ
---janeadam 

ظ[32]¼ݾ͵Ϊֹˡ

˿̣ӻĻʲôҲûˣ¼ҲһƬڰҶںڰͷѾູ߳飬֮ŻָƵʡ

ţѴص˼ӣֵ˸ղ¥µĿµһΣٶһһƶ棬ͷƺʲôӰӹֻ˼ѣҲֻԼھͷǰֶѡǣҶܾڻڰ˲䣬·һֻ۾ڿžͷӻֻеĿ۾ڳ

ȻҶִһ̨¼Ļֲ̨ܷͬ¼󲿷֣ǸŮ˵ļбط˳ʾϳߡɵ˺棬ȴʼߵصһУҲ޷룬˵кһҲͣͬһ˵ˡҶҡҡͷصеĻӻȡ¼´ע

һǰǰʱÿ￴̴ӡղźѾظˣÿԵҹͼҵĳЩư˿Ҳáϧһ񣬳˻ؼԺجΡ

ҶòˣԶ¼УʲôҲˡ룬ҲԼᱻ¼Ʒģֱɱ

ȻиʡǶµķӾһҹ츳ΪʲôҪܵⶰȥ㣬ĶʲôΪʲôܻ־

¥ɱһУգѽաΪһٵ񣬾ҪһˡҶΪ˶ѾĻܱSУѰҹƵϷӣ¼һ

ʱһ֮Ҷҵ¼Ƕӡͯҵĺڷӡ˿̣¼Ҷһ˾ΣֻһޱȿµجΡ

͵ҡҡͷԸٴˣ¼صԼİ칫ְ˳Ȼֿ˿ǱСèۡľ飬³һڳٿˣҲŽ˳룬תæ뿪˾

СʱҶƣػصǸССġҡѾʮˣķԵ쳣ûжܿ죬صص˴ϣ۾Ŵ

Ȼ۾̧壬Ŵߵд̨д̨һǶһƬһŮӵƬѩ

Ҷ֣ظƬѩૣѩҼˣܺãһúñģġ

ƬŵԼߣһ¡

Ҷ˯ˣʼ޷ߣȥʱѩʱ¼񣬽ţǶɫķӡףجˣʱҹյȫйҹɫ

ȻֻˡץֻͬµҶĶ

ң˯ˡʲô˵ɡ

ɱַˡֳȰһģһͬһĵŮԣ

ڼСҾֳҵĿ죬𰸼ӦͬһΪ

ҶһĬ

绰ͷͬ½ǵҶ˵

ԲЩۡ

Ǿˣɡ

ھ͸ϹֳʲôطҶٵ˵

ҹ˿һƮ
---janeadam 

ظ[33]ʮ߽ڡ̽ڷ

һͯһʧˣһ繫˾ӶԷȷظͯ꣬ûϷͯһ仰˵뿪˻ѹȴûٷ磬ƣ˸оͯ۽Ƴܣе˶һֵĿ⿴һͯʵֻԼʵû˻ע  
ֻǧеһϢҲϢȥһ˿ۼ 

ڻصڷˣֻܰķգ֪ﻹµķ򿪱俪һϣ˲͹ԼĺЩ̼ĭڷһЩɳСƬ̵ʱȻˡ

ͯţһİˡûɵĿŶԷȻʵ˭

һűҶ΢΢ЦЦ˵ãͯɣ

ô֪֣ͯȻЩ衣

ҵġҽҶǰ

ͯǰѾ˵Ҷˣϻش𣺡ԭҶ˵Ǿ٣ɡ

˿Ҷʣϰȥ𣿡

ǵġ

ܺáȻҶżɽ˵ͯ꣬ʵﻹΪ˹¡

ͯһ㶣Ȼܿ˵ʲô¾;˵ɣһᾡǾġҲǲΪϸڵվǼ飿

Ǽȷʵ棬²һɱΪһ׮Ҫİӡ

Ҫİӣ

Ҷ˵ͷȻ󻺻£˵ͳˡһǰһ־緢һǳصɱһӰߡҷǰʹùһ̨ҸƳ¼һչŵϷӣҿԿ϶¼ߵɱĪĹϵֱǰҲŷ֣ԭѰһǶϷӾ

£ܿ϶ͯ꾪ȵŴʡ

ҵȻ϶̴ҿ顣

ǣⷿѾչʮ˰ֱǰҺŰһǰǻSءͯæش𡣪

ģ޹أֻⶰӡ

˭ܽأҲǴΧǽȱģԭΪﱻԵסû˻ῴġȥǽǸȱڶϡ

ˣܲڷٿһ

ͯͷȻȻԡ

ڵ¥ĹתȦ˼ȷţȫǻҳ߰ľɼҾߣҶԵؿ˿˳һߣͯһʣҶ٣˵¼ﵽЩʲôݣ
---janeadam 

ظ[34]Ҷ˵һģڡ

ԲҲ漰˰飬ǲʵġ

ⶰʲô쳣𣿡

ͯһ㶣˿Ҷ۾ȻܿĿ⣬ǵ˵쳣û쳣ٴǰһж

Ҷȫص˵ͷȻ¥ݣ¥һη˹Źֵ죬߱˵ͯ꣬¥ʵ̫ˣһ£ǻµġ

¥ݣҲһỻġͯЩĲɡ

˶¥ͯʣҪҪȥǵҿ

ͲˡţҶϴνǸ䡣Ǹһд̨Щ顣

ȥ鷿𣿡Ҷʡ

ǣСʱǵùֻż顣

Ҷ˵ͷǰȡһ飬ȴŪȫǻҡ˼ҳһ30飬СĻɣ̽¡̾˵û뵽ﻹϰ飬ŵղгǺֵǮİ㿴𣿡

ͯҡҡͷ

Ҷ˵ǵҹȥҲǳϲСд飬30SУ˷İй˵̽ɣ֮

߳˷䣬Ҷͯ꣬ķ㶼Ϥ𣿡

̫ϤСʱ෿ͿչţȻˡ

ΪʲôһЩȥأҲпɹ۵һˡ

ͯҡҡͷҲϲǵŶҶ٣ҵȻָ㡣

뵽Ķȥˡ

¥ݿڣȻ洫һèСҶ̧ͷͨ¥¥ݿվһֻɫèԾĿעǡҶ̾ϳʵϣһǰ¼ʶֻèˡͯ꣺è

һֻҰèҰˡ

¥ȥ𣿡

ͯȻһƬ֮˵ͷ

ǣ¥
---janeadam 

ظ[35]ʮ˽ڡͣ

ػصڷǰ棬ͷźɫݶǦɫգһϼ˺һЩɫĹԡǰҪ壬ȴԼˣҶͯӭֲغһ󲽡

áҶ΢΢һЦ

á

ͯԱ˵ģҶһ׮ȥİӵģ޹أֻҪúˡ

ͷ˵Ҷɣ

Ҷش𣺡ˣһҪؾ

ɡȻ˿ͯ꣬ͯûʲô飬˵ͷõҶɡ

ˣҵĳͣǰ·ڡ㿴ȥɫ̫ãǲǹ̫æˣؼȥúϢɡˣټ˵꣬Ҷ뿪ǡ

վſڣҶıӰʧȻͯ꣺˵Щʲô

ȥ˵ɡ

صͯҶ˵ԭ˵˵һع£ԼëȻ

˹ˡ˵̫ˣҶԭһġֲãҶʱ򣬾Ͷⷿӿ˶¥ÿơǣǸɱΪʲôҪҹܵⶰչŵķʲô¼أ

뵽ʲôͯ˵

ǧ˵Һ¡

ͯ껹˵ˣŮײ

˵ʲô

㻹ǵϴǿǲƬ𣿽СŮײǲƬӡ

ˣǲɼĿֲӰܵһɭѰҴ˵еŮײ·˿µ飬ʹÿһ˵ľ񶼱ٱǴһƾɵķӣһƬӰƬȻֹ˵ʵҿⲿƬӾ˵ЩʲôһͳɱDVƬȴ˾˵Ʊǲ˼顣

㲻ⲿӰҶ𣿡

˵ǸΪܵӰŮײӰŴⶰ¼ģҡҡͷ˵롣

Ҷ˵ܡ

˼ǸӰһʵҶȫ𣿡

ָӣˣûϸ

¥أᵽ¥񾭾Щš
---janeadam 

ظ[36]ͯһ㶣Ȼ󵭵ػش𣺡¥Ҳȥˡ

ʲôЩ¡

İɣûʲôرĶ

𣿡˻ɡ

㲻ţǺãŵĻҴȥ¥˵ţͯҪ¥ݡ

˵ţš

ͯ겻ٿЦˣ˵ô

ҲˣǱôаɣ㣬Ҫѹˡͷ

Բֻϰߡ

ңҶ˻ǲġSûʲôѣҶΩһǵˣټǾ٣һаȫС

ѵߣûаȫУ

̾˿ҡҡͷ˵֪Ҳ˼ģָⶰȱȫС룬Ҷ˵˵㹻˺µˡ

ðɣ´ҶԷͯ긧ͷ

Ժͯ˵ӻԽĵӽĿûʲôȤǰһ棬ˡèۡΪؼܿ죬è۵ҳַеһè۱ʯҳ

ڰĨĹ⡪è۱ʯϸ˵èۡǱʯƣĳЩʯϳֵһֹѧ󡣼ĥɰεıʯǿʱһϸխķ⣬è⡯èۻ⡯ȻݱʯʲôʯʯӢСʯӢèۡǽ̱ʯСèܾۡèıʯܶ࣬ͳƶ30֣гϽϳĳʯӢèۺͽè⣬СʯèۡʯèۡȡڽèΪҲϰϼΪèۡè򲻿ƺ

Ӳȡ˾۹ֵè۱ʯȻһϸխķˡ

ȻĹȫԺ͵ӻˡΩһĹֵͲèķ⡣

ô£ͯںڰһ漴ŵè۷ߣֿľһֻҹŵè۾

ҲһèںڰзĹ⣬˼սæִص˲ϡֵֻţΪΩһĹԴ

ͣ˰ɣŲ

˭֪ء

ҲΪϷӵĵ·ϻ˰ɡ

ͯվֵңȥ

ҪһȥɲԸԴںڰﵣ¡

ðɡţһ߳˷ţﻹǺڰޱߣֵͲԲεĹֱָǰһɫĹ⻷Ȼ˵һ䣺룬һǰⶰӵǸҲİɣ

ȥ˸ʲôͯҲЩˣǰţ˵Ըֻè֡

Ǹߵ¥ݿڵʱȴֵĹԽԽ΢ˣͯһ⡣

ô£

ؿùˡ

ô찡ڰֻǵĴϢǱ˴˶Ӻ¡
---janeadam 

ظ[37]̿Ʒ
޸ڣ2003-12-17 12:32:25

---lanlangc 

ظ[38]ȥء˵꣬ͯܣܵſڵʱֵ﷢ĹѾȫˡ

ǻصһƬڰʲô壬ץסͯ겻šֻͯŴ򿪳룬ڳҲǹżˣ˰춼ûҵء

ôûҵߴ

ңԽԽҲ

ûҵأһ򡣪

ʲô

һ򡣡

ҲУûд

ͯ껹һֻ˺ܴĹŴ˻磬΢ĻܳɫĹߣصȼһɫ򡣪

ɫ

ǰ΢һϵԾţʹǵӰҲӳǽȻ衣ͯȻ˵

ͯ˵ʱһæȥڵһ£ͯ˵Сĵ㰡Ѵϣʱٵ㡣

ͯҪȥʱȴͯ꣬㶮繤𣿡

Ҳӳµͯƺȱ˼˿

ȥ˻ûá

ܲͣһҹĵɣǻûϴء

ǿԴ绰ҵ˾ĵ繤ޡ֪ҵܽģ˵ǵķܺá

ͯ룬ȴ˵

ԥˣŻڵİ˽ⶰӰɣô绰㲻Ҵˡ˵꣬Ӱ﷭˵绰

ͯ겻ԥˣãҴ绰Ըֵࡣ

ͨҵĵ绰ãǱе繤ֵ࣬绰ͷӦ繤Ͼ͸ϵ

ˣȥ¥µŰɡ

˵ͷͯ߳ҡⲻϵ˸ţǵԵЩͯ˴˿ŶԷƽ̫һ

Сߵ¥ݿڣͯ򣬶¥һգһɷ¥µĿϴһҵҡҷˡæֻס򣬴ߴͯ¥¥ַǹŹֵѾϰˣߵ¥¡

ɳϾҹÿ͵١ͯץס򣬵ķΧޣʼֻ֮ڵĿռ䣬֮⣬صĺڰȻ˵ͯ꣬Щ¡

ʲô

ܿͻչˣǾˡ

ɻʼɣͯһġ⡷ȻЦЦ˵İɣ㿴ôٻܵ20ӡ

˵ͷǰĵ˵ô繤ûأ
---janeadam 

ظ[39]ʮŽڡһӰ

繤һͨڷӵСںҹԶԶ˺ڷӵݶͣ˽Ųá

ղǸ绰ӵģǴӺڷĵ绰ʱһһ˿亹һǰЩѾ˰ص˺ڷڵ绰Щԥʶؿ˿ҹɫǴӦˡ 

ߵڷӵǰ塣ܿ죬һŮţ΢£ǸӵɫԵ쳣԰ףرĿƺңӦŮӵʱڰʱֱӵ˲䣬ԿóƯ

ǰˣ˵ʲôоԾغһ˵Ѿȥʮˣڷסˡ

ǵ繤ɣô˻鷳㣬̫ллˡ΢Ц˵

ȴſڲţƺЩ¡

ʦǵ·ϻˣǿһлġͯ˵ˡ

ʵڲƴˣֻӲͷƤ˽ȥһߣһСĵעܣǺڰʲô壬׹ڶǰһյ⡣

ڣͯҵ˵ľǣ׼棬ӳ˵ͼȦ˿Ȼ˵ûʲô⣬ֻǱ˿ϻ˶ѣһˡ

ţӹ߰ȡһµı˿ű˿ָ͸еָһĵʹľ˼Ĳҽ̴͸ڷӡãо飬󵯿صˤ˵ϡ

ҲŵüͯеһҡΣ˵ϡ̸ӣڵţһߺţʦû°ɣ

Ӧһⲻ󡣺ܿ죬ǾҵͯȻ׼ֻɫһ԰ף亹ӶͷֱµΣ廹ڲϵز

ʦܿˣ治˼û뵽©磬ҾͰµġֻͯһصǸ

˵ֻ˺üָԼĺƵʡ

Żˣ˵ʦҪҪҽԺ

˰ֹ֡һŶ϶˵
---janeadam 

ظ[40]ʦ˵ʲôʡ

ִ˿Żش𣺡ҵ˼ʮĸ߼繤ˣڼٷѹϵĴҲǼҳ㷹ûд硣û뵽ƽһⴥ磬ȴСǼ˹ˡ

£ıɥ˼㣬һЩŵĿ־塣

ִӰóһ˿ͯ꣬˵ǰﲻˣһûˣ˿Լϰɣܼ򵥵ġ

ллһỻͯش𡣪

ͺãˡ

Բⲻȥͯһ·Ǹ͵ſڡҡҡͷ˵Ǳˣȥɣùˡ

ͯͷһȻ򼸺Ҫ̵ˡ˵ͷʦôǾͲˣ·Ҫİ

һᵱĵġǸҪİһ仰˵úءС뿪ܿʧҹɫС

ȥɡͯСĵضֻص˷ǿ첽¥ңù֮ǰµȼһµ򡣪

ȸղһЩǵµ˵̫ˣ˼ҲǼʮϵ繤ôᱻأ

˵ԴģҲĵ繤ټ̫ˣҲûпܡ

ҡҡͷҿԴ޵ˡ

ˣˡϵǲˣ˯ɡ

ȥ䡣ߴ

ðɡͯţתڰȣ䡣

СԵʣԵøЩҪԭΪľӵķʹһžԼͯ꣬һ⣬ķԵ쳣ͣһƬᷢİɫ˿˺ڿУɢ䵽ϡԼ͵ǣſţĿȻЩӰ

ڿʲôͯ˵

ڿǡ

֪ڿֲƬҹľӣֲءͯ쳣ͳ

ҡһѡ

ͯ˵ΪܹƳӰ񡣶ʱ˭ֲ壬ʵģǾʵġһأָ°ͣ΢΢Щ˵꣬ŵˮ۱ߣˮص

򼴽ùʱȶ߳䣬ͯںڰз㡣
---janeadam 

ظ[41]Ƭ֮һļС̳˳ȥһƬڣʲô֪ϨˡؽĻܿ죬һھҵزš

ͯӵʣʲô£ҡ

ӰиӰ

Ӱ֪ͯʲô

δ˵ڸղţǰ¥ݿڣһģĺӰ˵Ӱӡ

è𣿡

ôèӰӣ

ͯ룬Ȼ˵èͶӰĿĵصľ빻ԶпܵģʱǿԼǽϵӰӷǳ޴󡣡

ҡҡͷܣȷʵӰ

Ҳãһ˶Ÿںڰ׻þģҲãûʱ㡣ǻصңڳҵһ򲢺ܿȼԼЩΪʲôô򡣪

ٶֵ۾ں˵ͯ꣬Ҳǵķ

ͯȻЦЦʲôô󣬾ȻҴڷ

ҿɲں㿪ЦǿȥҶ֣ص˵

õôС𣿡

磺ΪҾﲻȫ

ܰȫǳȫΪߡ˵꣬ͯḧ˯ɣͲеˡ

˵ЩʲôȴˣǰҡҷߣȻ˯˴ϡͯҪʱסһɡ

˯ŵⷿյ𣿡˵꣬ͯ괵򡣪

ָ˺ڰһžһţ۽ǻһЩ飬аԸҹجβҪ
---janeadam 

ظ[42]ڶʮڡ繤֮

ͯ˯ʱȴԼ˯ҵſڡŴţͷźڰȣȴڷ峿䵽Ƥϣ΢΢Щۡ

ôĬĬԼҪȴֱľذѵ  
ۣŲһ壬Ż 

ڴϰ˯ţ˯ŵӺʱͯϣԶ뵽뵽һЩµĶԶζʲôǣ裬ǰͯҲ˯ŴϣȻ貢ûߣԶ˯ڴϡ

Ǹͷ

ͯеĻ룬ҡҡͷֻߵ˴ǰ򿪴峿ʿǶûмй˵ļÿҹһƬڡͯ뿪˴߳䣬ֱ˵¥

ҵǸϵ繤µı˿Ȼ˵ĸǰǿĺ棬ߵ뷿ĵУЩܲĵ߻мѬڵ컨ǽڶʾⶰӺ·ϻ̶ȡ

ҲûµˣͯԼʣȻ˵ӣһɻҳһС͸Ĺߣҵ˱˿ϻӵλáǶԵһ֪˿ļ򵥲׳նᣬǸԳƼʮδ¹ʵϵ繤ôᴥˡѵĵҲԼ𣿪

ţѾ˽ȥһΣɵȡϵı˿ȻµĻϡţԱߵĵԣܺãˣ˶ѣ̫ˣͯҡҡͷ

ص˿Ѿ¥ˡͯ꣺¥ϵˣ㻻ı˿𣿡

ͯ˵ͷ
---janeadam 

ظ[43]ûʲôɣȻڵϵ繤ʱ顣

ûУ̫ˣСһ׮ѡͯЦЦش𣬡ھȥϰ𣿡

ԣû˯áʱˣҿɲٳٵֱָָ

𣿡

ҡҡͷһ·ϳԵɡˣټ

æߵſڣͯʵҪҪɡ

ɣ

ҴҵسţͯһڷȻЩʧСһʵû˼ͣҲš

Ŀڷȫ磬غţһЩʪЩƺЩϢˡͯȻǸϵ繤ȥһϾ˼Ϊڷӵĵ·Űҹܹˡǣ˼ľС

߶һЩͰ¥ûж˽ܿ죬ҵ

ҵһС¥ûйأͯ꾶ֱ˽ȥƺûˣտյģŻûϰࡣߵֵңϵ繤Ӧƿֵҵţҵϵλϵ繤

繤һɵڵϡ

ͯһ̷ϸһ˫۽գɫ࣬ƺʹ֣شؿϡ߽ͯһôˣ

һûлͯ˲֮ͯŵţΪ繤ϱġѾˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[44]ڶʮһڡŮ

20¥Ĵ⣬պȻܲƬ޴ˮɭ֣･Щˡ



Ȼعԭڽæվ˵Բ𡣡

ôˣҽ˰졣

ҲΪЩ칤̫˰ɡСĵػش𡣪

˵ͷĻҿˣҺ⣬˵ʵϲĺƺдΪһܺõƽʦġҿó쾫̫ãҲ˹⣬ԭɣ

Щԥ֪ش𡣪

ˣ֪ԭԲ˵Ҳϲ˽ˡڹ˾һͻˣҵİ칫ҪǵƽԱ̸һ̸Ҫȥ

õģû⡣߽˾칫ңΣһŮˡ

ȰΪ˾ҵǸɽܸ΢Цһ£Ȼϸع۲һ30ҵŮˣԵؿ൱ãŻǻױǡôǳʡ

ܺ֡ŮЦЦȻƬݸƬдš

ֲ֣Ǻر𡣪

ҽǹ˾ϿͻˣɱҪҽҪ

û⡣

˵ˣʵҵҪ󲢲ߣֻҪƽ棬ֳܱ˵ǳǺ;ϲϼĻ𣿡

̹ʵ˵Ǻϲʵ˵

ţϲʵˣҲϲЩϲȴΪӭҵĺöӲ˵ԱϼݵͶصˡЦЦ¶һŽĿݣȻӰóһЩͼƬ̯ϸؽ

֪УһСʱѾȥˣ뿪䣬˵ȥȫϣıʮʱתͷ˿⣬㲻ͣôڴϡ

ˡ˵վߵߣűеĳС

ȻЩĪĽš

˵㲻ϲ𣿿İɣ

˵ͷ

˿˵ʱ͹ˣӦ°ˡϣܺܺõҵ񡣡

һġͷ뿪˰칫ҡͬǴѾ°ˣûпȻʰһ¶߳˹˾
---janeadam 

ظ[45]ߵд¥£µԽԽؼѾΪһƬǳɡҴ߹ֵһ˿ʪæһƬ꣬ʼûͯĻЩÿ춼ɡϰģǽȴûУΪܺõģһ껨ͷϣ˻ص˴ſڡ

֪Ҫȵʲôʱǰƣƺȫûֹͣļ󡣿ߵ˷׷׳ɡ߳ȥЩ

ȻеһֻץסļһתҪȴһϤ

ͯꣿôˣ

ͯ΢Цţеɡ˵˭㲻ҵĻ

ԭɡġллȻЩжرС

ǲ˵֮䲻Ҫ˵ллʡ

õġЦ˵ԼںҸ

ͯſɡǿȥɡ

˵ͷһתͿд¥˳ǵĹϵƺǳУ̴ͯк

ͯǣͯ꣬λǹ˾ľλҵĿͻ

΢΢һЦǸʶ

ͯꡣͯ˵

ͯꣿһʫ֡˵ͷ

Ȼڶͯ꿴ĿǳأܲڣǵĿȻײһͷ˵ˣͯ鲻̫ã

ͯһҡҡͷ˵ûûУҵܺá

ЦЦͯ۾˵㲻һ˵ѵˣҴ۾Կ

ҽ˵úܶԡ˵˳ͯ½ǡ

ҽͯ굽ҵһΣһᾡġ

лл

ͯ˵ˣԲѾˣˡ

ͷˣȥɡ

֮ͯɡ뿪ܿ죬ǾͶããĻ֮Сɺܣصشɡϣմʪǵ·һߣͯһ˵Ǿ𣿡

һʼҾЩ֣Ҿһԡ

ֻҪ̫þˡͯǻл

ôˡһѡ
---janeadam 

ظ[46]ͯЦЦ˵ǿЦѣûǸҽĹϵ𣿡

⵹ǡҽ㵽ȥһΣҾһܺõĽ顣

˵⣿о񲡣

Դס˺ڷӣҾ;ЩˣӦľ޴仯İɡʵÿ˵⣬ֻԼˡĵ˵

ͯĬһǽ߽˵վɡվ̨Ȼͯ˵ҽȷʵ̫á

Ϊʲô

ϣȥҵˡ

ȥǶʲô

ȥǸǼұ˵ϵ繤ǣҷʱѾһ߱ʬˡ

һİ˵ϡ

ͯİץסļ򡣵гˣµ˺ܶ࣬ӵ˳ᣬվһ

гԽĵصԺͯĶ߼˵ҷϵ繤ʬԺҲŻˣ̾ͱ˾Ұ죬ҶʵشˡݾĵʾǸϵ繤ಡͻġȻȥûಡʷǣ뱻ûжٹϵ

ǣϾǰǼұҲҲ˵ˡ

һ˵һߺ£Ǹڵվվ̨ˣҲһ˵ˡ

£޹أֻǷߵ֤ˣ˶ѡ

᲻ΪǼұ˶Źȣಡأ

ͯͷпܡ

ҲǺйصİԽ˵Խ죬Χ˿͵ע⣬

ּڲˡãʼû˵ֱ߳

·ϵѾСˣЩֵؿͯļϣǵļҡڷӡ
---janeadam 

ظ[47]ڶʮڡٻٻ

ڳǰһֵΡ

ε̣ڹȥϷԵþɰСŮЩëȻĹ¡ǣȴһ̵ֶ  
ڲϵ鶯ţԾԸСŮЩȥΪ֡˿˵𾢵ӣȴʹ֪࣬һ˵ʲôҪ飬ÿʱҲǻķʲô顣 

ڴؽ̣Ҫʲô

˹

ǰụֻ̂пհ׵ǽڡ˻³һ˲ͷϵϸѾܾúܾöûμˡѾȥˣȻؼǵ̵ӣر߹Щ飬˵ĳ˵ڣϢҲϵµ֦Ҷ

ѾûȥϹˣڣ¶˾ģ°һȥϷɨĹ

ֿ˿ʱ䣬ոֻ賿ӣǿٵ𴲣ݲݵһԼ߳˼š

СʱԺٻٻļҡ

ǰǺڰ¥ÿﶼЩĪĺ£ٻٻЦЩЦǻײĹͷϵػص¥ÿֻЩȰٻٻ뿪ᵽȥסֵط˱ģٻٻǶЦЦ˵ϲڰ¥Լʱ̡

ڣֻ˶һˣСĵرܿЩѻڴ¥ˣ˿¥ݿڵĴߵɫѾ΢ӹգһЩ˴ڣϡٻٻļſڣ壬û˿š

˿ǽŵķţ˵˵˽ȥɽɷˡ

ٰû˿šţžȻƿˣôŶûغã˾ǶġЩ֣С˽ȥ

źصĴܲ͸⣬һƬʲô塣˻ŵһζζȻӿ졣Ȼе²ȵʲôģ˴ڣһ˴ǣ峿Ĺ䣬˺ڵذϵٻٻ

˲䣬ŵûɢ

ٻٻŴ죬Ž׵峿Ĺ﷢⡣۾ͻۿһЩѪ˿۽ѾŤ˲ϲղȵĶ
    ٻٻĴȡ
Ҫǡ˷ٻٻĲϣһĺɫٺۣͬһĺɫߡ
---janeadam 

ظ[48]ڶʮڡھ

СʱԺҶӰֳ˳ĵؽ⿪ؿϵťַۣԼĲϣص³һڳ

ǰڰ¥ÿζһ߹κڰġҲĵӺܴ󣬲ȴһҶһȻǽڻӳȭͷصȥһȭͷǽڵĳײ¥С 

ܷŭ𣿡ͬҶ󡣪

Ҷͷ˵ԲЩȽϷ

Ϊⰸӣ

ȫǣЩԭ򡣡Ҷתͷźڰͬ£˵ôѾڵĵɱˡ

յȫ֤𰸼ӦͬһΪһɱ˭֪һĿ˭ٲƣҲɫҲ񱨸ɱˣܺ˶ĵŮԣǻ֮ûκιϵȫɵˣͬһɱ

ǼһǸӡ

ҲܷҲܴ

Ҷشһȭصػǽϡ

ͬ͵ץס˵Ҷôˣһһ侲ˣǰɡҶȭͷѾһЩѪ˿ȻҶ˵ؾȥȭͷһ¡УǸĿ֤Ҳھûߣ㻹ȥѯ

ͬµĻҶһԲ¥ľͷȥĽŲڿտ¥𣬷ƵĻ

СʱԺҶص˾һ󷿼Ŀ֤ˡҶûվһԾع۲ȻǰЩ죬ƺǸƯŮˣƺھСһԶװҪȥеӡ

Ҷĵؿ˿ղŵı¼ˡ䣺25ꡣְҵߡλϻ־硣

ϻҶ˳һǰ׮ʳѰĳ츳ɱǷڡϻ硣

˲䣬ǰ˵Ůˣһǰϻ־İֳʹŮˣȷ˳츳߳츳Ļ˵ʱ˵츳ѶľʧĿ־塣

˵ѯʽԺͬ˰һЩҪȻ˿뿪ˣҶĵظ󣬵ִ߳ŵʱҶס

Ѿȫشˣʲô𣿡˵Ե÷ǳƣ롣

Ҷ۾Ȼ˵ҵ۾

˵ЩƮƺҿҡҡͷ˵ԲҺۡµ飬Ӧҡ

Ȼ⡣㻹ǵ𣿡

ֵؿҶ֮żԭһǰ־ѯҵǸ졣

ǵġҶͷȻ˵ʲôϵ

˵ٻٻҲǶ˵ҺٻٻǺѣ־ְӰߣǱ˵˽ϳȥɽɷ硣

ɷ磿

㲻֪ǡϻļ𣿲˵ȥɷ磬ʵǳȥ棬ķ羰ʿ

羰껹羰

ҡҡͷ˵ΪʲôòεĿأ˾ϲеķ羰ѵ֪꾰ж𣿿ϧٻٻҲϵ꾰ˡ治ףǸ񾭲ΪʲôҪɱٻٻôõһŮ

ƾʲô˵񾭲ɱٻٻ

ΪʵҲɱٻٻĶҲǸɱǧһǷˡһҪץסǸ쵰ٻٻ갲Ϣ
---janeadam 

ظ[49]Ҷ˵ֻϣ˵ȫʵ顣

Ѿ˵˰

ҶóƬ˵ʲôʹ绰ңУһס𣿡

ǵġ

ؼңҪй䣬İţǧҪšǾҸ棬ҲϣĲҲһۡ

ޣ˵Ҳ̫ˣֱڴùͷתۼ䣬ûָֻ˱飬Բ֪ΪҺãһհġңٻٻǵһܺ߰ɣǲǻҲͬˣ

Ҳ˵

壬𣿡

ҶͣƬ̺˵һ⣬һǰ֪ȫ𣿡

ʲô˼˵Ŀڶܡ

ҶעƺϿʲôȻʣ˵ڷ𣿡

ڷӣһʧˣؿҶʲô˵

ҶѾˣ˵ȥɣҲһġ

ԾɴվǶ

Ҷعͷ˵ôߣڹֵʳó緹𣿡

ҡҡͷС뿪
---janeadam 

ظ[50]ڶʮĽڡͯꡪڰеٻ

꣬Ȼͣˡ

ͯúЩˮصͳֱžһƬ֪ҹԼĶô˵һϸ΢ȫܹرǴЩˮ֮ 

ڣͣˡ˯øӰˣĺǳƽȣһֻˮ׵㣬ںڰˮݴͯ겻ҴİߣֻϣԼҲһξҪٱĳˡǣĶƺѾˣ·Լ̰һпԲ׽

ͯꡪͯꡪͯꡪ

ڽͯ겻ԼĶ䣬ȷʵЩֻˣ˯ţ˭أһµľҵĺ͵۾ʲôֻжͯꡪͯꡪͯꡪ

˭ںˣǰһƬڣȴޱԼһäˣʲôȴʲôõ

ͯӴҾĵ˴Ȼҵķţ

ͯꡪͯꡪͯꡪ

Ǹٻ˳ǰȥ¥ݿڣȻ󣬻̤ͨ¥¥ݡ֪ԼлˣҲֻԼĻþûо䣬ֻԼĴġȻѾ޷ֱǷʵˣҲԼžһá

ͯ¥ʲôһäˣǽǰȥЩǽڷ·ģ˵һЩϵ顣ȻһŰ֣ڱľŰظţ·塣ڣһ⻬Сףèۡ

ͯڷèȫﷴװġǣ۾è۸ǰ

͸èۣͫӳ˷һİ⡣

ʲô
---janeadam 

ظ[51]ڶʮڡ񲻶һ

һҹһֵΣμһŮˣױ̨ǰһľӣһͷںڳ͸ķ䣬ֻĳס˰ֻ˫۾ͷ˿ķ϶¶עžվǸŮȥȻŮת֡Լ 

Ժɫûȫ͸ĺһЩʶߵͯ꣬ȴԱǿŵġŻ谵ķ䣬ױ̨ľӳ԰׵ֻһˣ򿪴ŽգЩ㱡

ͯȥĶˣţﺰ˼ͯꣿͯꣿ

û˻شﻺػصȻЩ¡첽¥ݣڵ¥ͯ꣬Ȼûҵ

ڶ¥͵¥תһȦͨ¥¥ݿڡǣ¥ϣȻֻèèضĿһ˿вèĿһֲ֮ףԥûȥֻ¥ݿ¥ؽ˼֣ͯǣֱֻèͻȻʧҲûеõͯĻ

ֻܷˣҴҵϴϣû˼ͣɳһͯһڰҹȥˣȥĶأҶˣдһֽͯϰȥˣ

Ҵܳţ·ϣٻ

ͷһۺڷӣֻǼӿ˽Ų뿪

ڵվ̨һһһȻʶԼһϰλӡ˲䣬Ժֳ︡ǸԺ;ʧվ̨ˡæվԶԶ뿪λӣվ̨һȥֱгɳ۶˳ᣬһĽ£ḧĿڵè׹ӡ

֪Լߵ˾ģûгٵԼǰζûд򿪵ԡ⵽󣬿һһ̻عͷʲôԸ

ʲô°ɣ

ûʲô¡ҡҡͷ
---janeadam 

ظ[52]Ը㲻ҪΪ˽¶Ӱ칤УСĹ棬ھͿˣǼģǧҪÿͻʧ˵꣬뿪ˡ

Ҳиˣ̯Щϣ˵Ҫ󡣪

˵Ϊ˵ģҽԺҽҽε˵壬Ϊҽҽε˵ꡣĹӦþ޴ѹϵļ尾ʹıӦǼȾֳġ

˵νΪ洦ɼӹԣʵÿһǽȫ˶ĳϵ⣬ûж£ԴûжȤνӸˣ̸ˡʥ˵Ĺϵʱ޷⡣ΩһȤǻ滭ǱҪɵĹ֮飬۰ɡ

ǣٳٶûɹ˼ʱĻʱָڷӣͯϵȥȴҶķУȹ˰죬ʱ֣ͯѾˣǣһ绰

绰˺ܾãЩ꣬ѵ绰˵ʱ򣬺Ȼͷ˵绰

ιͯꡣ

绰ͷûлش𣬲ͲʺܺãһЩ΢ĴϢ

Щżιͯ꣬

绰ȻĬ

ͯ꣬Ϊʲô˵ʲô£˵

绰ͻȻҶˡ

ཡཡཡ˺ܾãŵ绰Щ֪룬ͬǶǳ֣һر۹⿴ŷ˵绰

漴һ绰һΣҲû˽ӵ绰ˡ磬ÿ20Ӿʹһ绰ȥû˽ӹ

°ʱ䣬һ˹˾
---janeadam 

ظ[53]ڶʮڡСС

Ҷһİ칫

ոտйɱĻᣬȻûʲôͻԵָƵĲɼҲѣǷͨýίڰʾ϶ڼҵʱҪ߾裬Ҫİ˿ţرЩӵŮˡ 

ǣ˵ɢֻǰ﷢ġͷָҥԣĻ̡̻ãͷʱظˣһɱ˰ǲ²ı̬ɱ˿񡣲ڵһӣƺҪһӶˡ

칫ҵǽһŴSеͼڵͼüǺűʱʱ͵ص㡣ñʰɱصڵͼγһصĶ۽ΣΪֻ᲻ڵͼϲ߻ȻյͼϵλȥģָĿҶֻǱεĿЦ

ڣͬǶѾ°࣬칫ֻʣһˡҶؿǰĵͼŬҪ沶׽ĳЩϢʱ̾ưʫڴһʫƪͬҪУҶҪľǣжӣжȴ顣ڱ۾ƺֻصһǰǶʱ䣬òϣجֻˡ

ɫս谵һ׷״ڴϡҶ̧ͷŴ꣬ǰֳӰӡ

˲䣬ʲô̴򿪵ԣѯ˾ڲϿ⣬˲ǰڵվ̨ɱһ𰸼ҪĿ֤˾

Ͽʾվ̨ɥֽнݣ40꣬ԼһС꣬·ȥ̸й޵̵ĵ飬ߵϵãͥҲȫûпɱļʶݵ˶ΪȣߵӾɱ϶һ⣬ʧվ̨

Ҷֵ߽ݹȥļһͨļͥСʱסڼªﻧ1970һμҡȻҶֵʾ1970ǴΰǨĵַǺڷӡ

˲䣬ҶЩסˣϸؿŵĻȷǸַûǾǺڷӵƺ룬ͯڵļҡҶؿھҵƽϢһԼȥסֱ꣬1975꣬Ű˺ڷӡǣҶףΪʲô1970˺ڷأﲻͯҵ˽𣿪

ܿҶˣһġʷǰйءĻʱӵĹİǸڷķִӵ˾󲿷ֶΪǾʱʲ׼ڱרĶǿʵס౻ͨ˽ײľϷˡ1978Ժʵ󲿷ַӵֶָԭķֱ죬һЩĺլԺȻסʮƽ˼ңΪԭеķѾ뿪û˼̳ˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[54]ǣһΪʲô1975˳ȥأʱ򻹴ڡĸ֮УȫûбҪȥҶֵ˹ڽݸĸϣ𾪣19751125ҹĺڷݵĸò˵ԼɷȻֿԼĶӣϵɱɱ˶ꡣ

ҶضŵԵĻʾݾЩҪϸȥҵľڡ

ںˣ߽ڡĸʱںڷסȹʱ⣬1975꣬һѧʱĸɱĸףֿɱʧȥԼĸĸȻ˺ڷӡ

ڽеһ죬¶èȻ󣬾˵վ̨ǰҶɱԭ˼⣬ȻڷӾ֮ϵҲǽ⿪յ׵ԿףҶܽ⿪ЩԼ޷ش𡣪

Ҷһĳ룬ӳóǱӺڷ顣Ȿϰ汾ľ飬ǴèͼۡⱾѾϤˡèۡ

ֿ˿⣬ҹɫѾȻطˡèۡҳ

ⱾֽԵúܴ࣬ѾˣܿѾ˵ķֱڵڶҳϣҶһкɫīˮдּ

ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ
---janeadam 

ظ[55]ڶʮ߽ڡͯʧ

⣬ҹ룬ΧǽҡҷӰϣ˿ʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣͯ껹ûлؼҡ

һڵ¥ɳϵͯѾСʱˡϷŵѾˣվְЩ˷ŵ΢¯ȡȴûжʳΪͶͷӲͷƤһ˳ֻ͡һ͵ˣʰϣɳϣ֪ԼҪȶá 

һʶͯںüǰʱѧԺѧŻеһĶǰдǶ˱ͯ꣬һηͯʱ򣬾Ŀǳ֣ǿһӰƷһͯĿΪ飬ڶǸİӰʦĿ⣬ĿĽƫƫϡ

Ժÿдῴͯ꣬뿴ֻضŶɫİռ͢ʽԲͯľͷҲǶ׼˽õԲѾͷ׼ǣЩŭˣڿͯ˵ˣΪʲôþͷң

ͯش𣺡Ϊǰռ͢ʽԲˡ

ʱֻ20ͷͯƺĳħòϣǰͷ׼ӵƺӴԺͽͯ꣬ͯŵ㣬ŵǶԱ΢Щ΢СҸۼ㹻ˡ

ֻǣʼն޷ͯһοʱһʶĸоһűĵƬһαϴӡ˳

µʱȻˣ̳˷ӣ˲쾮ˮҴҵشš

ͯ꣬ȥĶˣŸմ򿪣ͺһ漴ԼˣվĲͯ꣬һİŮˡ

˭ɫѿĿʵ

ǸİŮӾɡһ£Ȼ΢Ц촽ͯ



ڡ֣ôʶͯꣿ

Բܽȥһ𣿡

˿꣬˼ҽܱҲ֮飬ǿЦЦ˵ɡ

߽˺ڷӣİŮӷɡ˵ۺɫȹϵˮͷϻһЩӨ飬˿ȥйɳˮܽصζϸؿȻڰڷӵĵһ죬ͯڽֿС͹ԷŲ͹ݵĲһƯŮڽضͯ꿴ڣŮӾվǰ

Ҽ㣬ǲǣˡ

Ҳǰɣҽˣллҽ꣬ʶܸˡЦЦ̹Ȼػش𡣪

ã

ʮִ󷽵ˣһߴĿһ˵ĲúСʱͬ˰

Сʱ򣿡

ԣСʱ򣬾ס·ĶԹҾᵽġһǵʱͯ꣬һкӷǳС㲻żγŶҪ˼ҵĺ۸ÿζұҪȻǵõùɡԵʮԺ˵Ȼѹһܡͯһͻޡ
---janeadam 

ظ[56]ȻһƵһһ

£Ԥ˵ġ

˿⣬խȻһƬڰҹµøˡȻˣˣô˵ͯ÷ˣ

ô˵Ϊʱͯ굨̫Сˣر˵кӡǶʮǰˣǶСӡղţ·˵ͯѾغڷˣټ꣬ͽûдɣ˵ĿһϣʶͯһμĿǳơ

Щ˼ػش𣺡Һܸˡˣһһ⡣

뾡˵ɡ

ڴŵ˵һ⣺Ϊʲôһֵֺң

ͣһŻش𣺡֪ġ

û˵˫һЩΣ˵ˣͯȥĶˣҪ֪ҺѾʮû˵ˣ֪ǲǻСʱС

ͯꣿšȥƬˡñ֪ͯĳţǾͱ˸ѻ

ƬϲӰ

ʵϣһӰʦûҵΪ´Ĺϵʲôطɡ

ԭˡ˵ͷӰóƬƬͯ꣬Ҵ绰𣿡

Ƭõģһġˣܸҹȥⶰô𣿡

ȥƺЩԥǻشˣȥǳ谵ȫЩϾɵļҾߣڵذϻֵ֮ᷢʱⷿպ֣ûжͣңΪͯϲҡ

ͯ裿˵˵𣿡

һŮˣѾôˣʱҲСģǲˡֻǵǳͯ꣬ʱͯǻʹҼʣǣҲһǡʱܵõǣҸ˵ƺ¡

ǵģǺҸ˵ͷ

Уͯ軹һǶһè۱ʯĲϣ˱еøˡϧʧˣ˭֪ȥֻǲ֪⴮ڲڡ

⴮𣿡ҶĶԼǰ˳

ģ̾Ϣһԣè۱ʯҿɼǵءϸضǿ鱦ʯ׹ӿһĿ̾

Сĵذ׹ӷŻص·档

ôõģͯ͸𣿡

֪ôشֻãȻص˵ͷ

Ľ˵Ҹ

ͷ˵ˡ

ȻһֵĿ⿴˵мʣ⴮Ժûһرĸо

ԣһرĸоȻЩֹˡڣתƻ⣬ʵͯİְֻӡ𣿡

ҡҡͷҶǸ˵ӡܵѾˣԲ𡣡

ˣСʱⶰӵ¥ʲôӣ
---janeadam 

ظ[57]¥ϣҴûȥ¥ϣΪһ̤¥ݣ¥ݾͻᷢЩ̶ʱҺܺ¥ݻͻȻǾʹ¥ȥ

һζûȥ

ǵģһζûȥǼʲôˣһǵãʱͯļһֻèɫèβͼмɫֻèƯ˼㡣ҷǳϲͯҪֻè͸ң˵Ҳǳϲ᲻ֻè뿪

뵽¥ϵֻİèæʣֻèôɰ

Ȼǳ˳ÿſҵļϣֻСͷţΪϲҲžҪȻ˭ҵĺӸҽڷӰ

˵ʲô˵һ仰Щ¡

ûûʲôЦЦȻվ˿⣬ѾСһЩͷ˵ѾˣһȥɣôãʵںܱǸ

ڲ趼û!

ˣˣͯʺá˵꣬ɡǰڳǰֻͷڷӵ¥Ȼ۾ӹһ˿֡

̾Ϳ˳Ͻͷ˿ȴʲôûпɻʣڿʲô

ûûʲôҡҡͷɫ԰ףһƽָЦݣˡ

š

˰˰֣΢Ц˵ˡܹͯһҸˣˣ˯ɡ

ټ

˴ɡܿʧããС

صһٸ˿ӺңԽ£ԽЩ¡ңԶϡһƵҲ磬ҹ

ܴ󣬿տյֻһˣڿĿռʹ˲־Уھ壬ɳĻСԽԽľԼԽԽҪ˯ˡ˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮһˣ컹Ҫϰģټȥˣε³һ¥ݡ

Ҵҵϴϣڴ˯ˡ

㲻ôŴһָڽƺЩߵáȻںڰķȴһЩرĶţͯڰҹʲôʱĵػصߣڶϣ۾ʱֻʲô鶼ûһ¿ߵͯЦǣĻ𣿺Ȼ뵽ͯ裬ͯ˵赱ҲصʧˣҲûгֹͷһҲȥˡ

һеǰè׹ԽԽ䣬ذĹԴͯһԺҲûһ˶˯ˡţǰͯ˯ǸָػͷָЩĸо

˹ȥڽѩŵʱֻҪڼǾҪ˯һŴϡѩЦ󣬻СŮش˵Լһ˯Ầ¡Ǹʱúͽ˯һҸڽıϢ˵Ҳоһɳ㡣ֻҪѩ˯ߣͲΣҲСʱһЩѹľЩҲһ

ѩˣҲ˯ˡЩӣ޵úģرϣһҹ˯žŽ㣬˿־塣ֱʶָͯ꣬оŽš

ڣֻдأڼѵ˯ˡ

֪˶ãʶִӳĵײ𣬸ˮ档ҵʶУȻеһĵٻ㣬Ĺĵ㡪һ˫۾
---janeadam 

ظ[58]һ˫۾ڿ

Կ϶뿴һ롣

ǣſ۾ҹİ͸кͫСĿͶ˴⣬Ȼ֣Ŵһ˫è

ǵģֻɫèſڴ⣬۾

ԼΣ벻ͨôܵȥأȻһξ룬ȫϸڣŴ˵ͫףںڰĵĹ⣬ֻɫĺҡ

˫۾ĳħ޷ܣӴߵ˴ߣ˴ϡֻèȻûȻԸղŵƺڿˣŲҲ۾ֻ10׵ľ롣۾ֻƯĻɫңǱʯǰè۱ʯ

⻹Ŵ꣬ƵɴңԶִӲ׹£ĶߡֻèȻɫƤëѾʪˡ

Щ֮ģĿǰв룬ҲģǽС޷ܼҲ˵ܻġԸһĻǣһֳ嶯Ҫĳ嶯

ڴ˴һЩɨ˷ʪĶͷûй˼Щ㣬ǰ˴⣬Ҫֻèͷ­ʱ͵գգ۾ĿֱЩ£޷ԼҲ޷˫è۵ջסè壬ˮʪ˵ƤëմϣֻĶè˷䣬Ȼ¹غ˴

ڣֻèȻ˳е΢΢زһˮˡԸѵƴ򿪣ֻĺڰֻܹè

ڴߣһëëèʵʵعȻèԼĻУѾȫû˺µĸоֻж

رèɵ˴ϣʱȻеԼٹ¶ˣһԸԼůֻèںڰܸе˫èڿİĹâ

ҵ𣿡ЩԵèĶ˵ȻֻĶ޷ش˵ǵģҵģлл㡣

è۾գһ£ȻСɵĿֻ˵ͷ򡣪

΢΢ЦЦ۾ܿ˯С
---janeadam 

ظ[59]ڶʮ˽ڡ컨Ѫ

ͣˡ

峿͵Ĺ˷˯е

ʱ򣬷ԼıЩʪĸоģ֪ʲô۾߿տյģֻèѾˣȷֻè϶Ϊ߻ֻζ֣СĵظŴȴ˻èֻԼ΢΢ȡε̾˿ȻһҺ䵽ıϣƺһζ

֣ڱȻԼָմһֺɫҺ壬ҺѪζŻȻӿ죬һҵĲ̧ͷ컨塣Լͷ컨ķ϶䣬һЩɫҺ建

һΣ컨ķ϶׹䣬ýĶͷϡ

ڣΪ֣ЩϵʵǡѪ

̾ʹӴϹ˵ϣһë֮Ķزҿױ̨ľӣóԼѪӡ컨ϵѪ䵽ϣεΣڻڴϣ÷̧ͷֵ۾컨ķ϶ЩѪˮȻҵţ˺ڰȡ

Ҳ˲ʲôˣ˼ͨ¥¥ݣ¥巢һܵ¥Ȼеһڶͷϣ̧ͷ¥ϷһСС촰峿Ĺ촰

촰ĹߣȡƺŵһɵѪܿҵλԼϷǸ䡣Ȼû̾Ϳţǰ۾ŵ˷Ƿװè棬͸èۣ峿Ĺ˷䣬ڷĵذϣһˡ

˫ֻڲţ¸ҵƿ˷ţ߽˷䡣ⷿĽṹ¥Ҳ࣬ҲһŴӣһЩɼҾߣֻⷿոϢߵڵϵǸߣСĵطӣҲŵ̧֣Ǹ˵
ͯꡣ
ûȻͯꡣʧͯдĿ־壬۾ţϻմһЩѪͯ껹к廹ȵģͷԼ˲ϵѪ촽

֣ͯͯȴ޷Ӧˮ䵽ͯϣ΢ȵˮڻϵѪ쵽ͯҸ£ص壬Ȼͯ꣬߳˷䡣þȫͯӷ¥ݿڣȻؿͯ¥ݣе¥嶼ƺҪ˵ѹˡ
ͯȫѹϵʱ֪ԼǴƺԵڣеԼܹᶯͯص壬һɶƶ

ڣߵ˶¥ˮֻûвˮǼͯ¥
˿̣˭ţһŮڿһе¥ݡ˵¥ԼҲûˣֻͯ˷šȻְͯʱоԼ֫ѾԼˣȫһЩ˼Ķ
ڰͯ⣬ͯ꿿ϣȻѾ˫ܵ·ϣһ⳵˾Ǹܲˣ̧ͯ˳ϣȻҽԺķʻȥ
---janeadam 

ظ[60]ڶʮŽڡͯʧ 
еҽԺɢһرζһֱϲζҲһؿͯߣֱͯ۾

ˡ

ͯ۾ƺһ翵ĶߵĽʼն׼ңԶĵطܾòŶ׼۾ȴĮȻ

ͯ꣬ôˣĶͷ

ͯЩãȻգգ۾ſ죬ȴ˵Ӻ﷢һЩֵ˺ܾã³һڳȻʣ˭

һû뵽ͯȻʳ޴⣬ҡҡͯͷ˵ͯ꣬ң㿴ңѵǵ𣿡

ͯ۾ãȻһƬ

ͯ꣬

ĸ

鼸Ҫˣѹ˵Ϊʲôô˵

ͯʣ˭ǽͯ𣿡

˵ͷ㵱Ȼͯꡣ

ǲǣ

Զ

ͯڵ˵ͷʣ׷ʲô£

ҲͯѾָʶˣղֻΪմӻѹһƬհסش˵ͯ꣬仰Ӧǡ

ҷʲô£ͯҡҡͷʲôǲˣҲ֪Ҳ

֪ʲô顣˵ƺʹࡣ

˲ۿỨȻͯͷ˵ͯ꣬峿ҷ㲻ǶʧˣΪȥˣ㲻֪жôżġҵһҹ꣬һ˯ڴϣ¼ˡԹֻè飬Ҫؼ˵峿ҺȻ컨ķ϶Ѫܵ¥λϷķ䣬ͷڵϡȻҰ͵ҽԺ𣿡

ͯգգ۾ãȻ˵¥䣿ѪҡҡͷҲ

֪ͯ꣬ҪϢҲָͻġ׷ˣ˵ֵǣʱϷѪǵҰ͵ҽԺʱҽȴҲκ˿ڣҽļ飬ʵϲû˵ļֻһЩ΢ٺۺͲۡҲ˵ϵѪԼġ

ȷʵֵ֣̫¡ͯ국˵

ǣЩѪǴأʶԼıӣѪδʪȻһֶĵĸо

ͯûȻץס֣óƵı˵ҲҪٴˣǻؼҰɡܻؼ𣿡

˵ͷ΢΢ЦЦ˵ҽ˵ʱԻؼҡ
---janeadam 

ظ[61]ʮڡѰ

ͯų⳵ص˼ͯ忴ѾȫָˣĲԼ߽˷䡣صϻŵ÷ѪѾɺˡЩЩŻ̾ȡ˴Ѵ̵Ķȫµġ

Щۡͯ𡣪

ǸϢϢˣϢˣͻʲôˡ˵ͷ˵

ͯ겢ûлشԼ˴۾

绰Ȼһ绰һŽӹ绰绰ͷΪʲôϰࣿ

ӵ绰ԵļȲ֪شֻòʵڶԲҼ﷢һЩ£ûü١

Ҵ͸绰һֱڣȥĶˣ

Բ𣬸ղҽԺ

绰ͷĬһȻ˵ˣһأһϰͳٵˣһΣҲ㡣ҲϣеΣĻ㽫ʧȥݹˡԼҪҵʱ档

Ҽסˣٷˡսսػش𡣪

ǱѾҵ˵绰

˻ģĲԸʧȥݹȻͯһۣƺѾ˯ˣٴϢˣε³һ뿪ҡ

һ¥һأߵúһ·Сĵؿ¥ݺ͵ذ壬ǰǽڣ̽Ѱ˿

Сĵش¥ȷţĿȻϢߵڣ˽ŵĴ˼ʹ˻ص˼ĸоعͷȻֵذһ̲Ѫ̲Ѫö¥ĴλáȻ峿컨ķ϶䵽ϵѪ

ţСĵߵ̲ѪĸǰѪѾɺˣֳİɫӽںɫԼϲڻʹɫ뵽Щ¡

ͯûˣѪ϶ͯµģǻ˭أѵֻèǰָ˫˵èۣʶԼֻèⲿλ

ͯɱֻè
---janeadam 

ظ[62]ð뷨Ȼһ΢èС̧ͷֻèλͷķϡһ͵ĺ˺üǰֻèûκ˵ļȥǳȫ𣬾ͺʱһŵèƤëѩϾβͼϼİߵֻè۾ؿƺһɶм漴ֻèýٴܳ˷ţʧӰˡ

ҡҡͷϵѪҲԲֻèġ޷ˣҲӦȥҶǣ޷̲ѪΪʲôҲͯҲ޷͡׷ʲô¶Ѫȵأ

ҪˣҰЩ߱ˣ룬̲ѪҲʹ컳ͯЩʲôĹЩⶰĹϷʲôпܷ

ѡЩѪ

ɿ¥ȻִʢˮĨϴӼ䷿ڵذϣմˮϴӼĨŵϵѪȻŴŵ΢Ѫζ˹ȥŴ˫ȴͣزšЩѪǳǿѾӡ˵ذУ˺ܳʱ䣬һһǡֱ۵ûǺƣĿ¹

þȫʵ峿ͯ¥ԺѾҲûһ˿ˣոջָղĴڵϣؿ䣬ڹȥƺҲҡǣŴȴǹȥӣŸɾıӣסѵͯϾ˯Ŀ䵽ϣһѾȼ˵м

ҡҡͷҶκζˣҪ߳ŵʱ򣬺Ȼע⵽Աߵһǽһ°ɫǽǽڽȻͬһڲͬİɫֻڻߵĹǺʱŻʹɫ

ꡪ

Ȼһֵؽһ̱֡һعͷʲôҲûУһ˭˭ڽң

û˻ش𡣪

¥ȻǷ䣬֮Уֵ۾Ŀ׼Ƕ°ɫǽ

ѵǴ﷢ģ

һĿ̴ǽƵϣмĿȻĿƵ˵ǿѾɾ˵ĵذ塣ȻֻӬ˹ǿذϣӬһѪĶ֪ѪĶһںڷӬ뿴Щŵĳª棬ְĿ׼ǽڡ

̶̵ļ߲ϵػζţǽ浽ӣӵذ壬ٴӵذ嵽ǽϣһƺ꣬ɢЩڱĵذϵĲӬ̾ŵö·ӣĨһ뿪¥

Ҳˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[63]ʮһڡֵͯ

ҹˡ

ؿͯ꣬ӻؼҵڣһֱ˯ţͬһƣûнʳˮûкȡ

͵ĵƹȻ֣ͯƤŵڲϵתš

֪˯ʱתΣʱ˽ѣذμ¼ͯʲôأ̧ͷ˿ͷ컨ķ϶ͯ˿̵ξˡ

Ȼͯ۾

ͯ꣬ˣμʲôĶʡ

ͯãȻؿ˿ȻЩɳƵɤһһٵ˵ûΡ

ղΣĬĬضԼ˵Կ϶Ը׷ͯˣҲ̫ͯˡ



ͯĺָһڣƵĸоǴˮһֻ֡æ𣿶ԣҲãˣѾһ춼ûʲôˡͯ꣬΢һϾ

ܳ䣬ڰȺ¥ݣӵ¥ıȡһ䷹һЩˡ

Щ˻в;߻ص˵ͯĸǰͯͳûʲôˣҪҪѲһȣͯȴشҲΪȣϲʳɡתۼ䣬һ뷹ѾͯԹˣðһ

ڡ

æָʢһ뷹ܿ죬ֱͯȫԹˣɲԲˣֻ԰׷һĶˣҪûԵһȫԻţǵ

룬һΣֻʢ˰룬ΪѾˡ

ûͯԹô෹ͯθôװôףЩĵʣͯ꣬ôˣǲθѹ

̧ͯͷĿЩ͵ؿȻҡҡͷһڷģһ׷Ҳûѷ˸ʰɾصͯʱˡ

Ȼݷõ飬Ȼҳ˵ƬͯĶ˵ͯ꣬һڼңСʱҹ㣬һƬҪת㡣

˵꣬ƬͯͯȻû˯ţӹƬȻŵĿڴ

ͯ꣬ҵһҹΪȥˣû뵽¥ϡңʲô£ЩѪ˭ģͯĶ˵ͯǷõҪ˵˵ǽͯ˵ΪԼ˵ģڣҪֻҪߡ

ˮסߣǿ˵ͯ꣬㲻Ҫ뿪ңҺܺ£ĺܺ£һָģ㻹ǹȥǸͯ꣬Զǡҷ¥ϵķѪʱ֪ҵǶôҺһԶʧȥ㡣

Ȼͯ﷢һ΢εҡҡͷͯ˯ˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[64]ʮڡ칫ҶԻ

뿪ҵʱͯ껹ڴϣһ߳˺ڷӡ
վ̨ϣִһгһλȻһߣ̾ϰĵһվ̨Ŀµ飬ʧվԱ˿˺üǸȻ쳣ٶ̧ͷȥǸעĿڿһӵľˡ
ãˣͷ˵һһһšղֻĲľԱ˼Ҳһͨĵ˿ͣһڿϵȺһгѣȴѶԷɱߡ
˹˾к˵߽ܾ칫ҵʱ򣬷ҲڷԼܽĲʱ򣬵˵ԲҪ˳ʱ˵ˣ߰°ɣ̸һ
ǵǰȶ˵ĺܱǸʵзǳҪѲңԲеڶˡ
˰֣˵Ҳϲ˽͡

Բ𡣡

˵ˣɫѿϰ·Ҳ㾪ʧ£ǣҪҲһǰ

ܾȣڵվ̨ϵ¶ˣҡҡͷ˵ллҽģЩû˯ðɡ

һʲôǳգǲǣ

סˣҪ˳ȴǿסˣ˵ֻ˵ͷ

ƺԴ˺Ȥע۾ȻһָڴԵ˵ҵȺþ̽˵顣˵һ˱Ϊ޴磬ޱأʱʱ˯磬߽ĵ׵ܻ԰ڣӦҳġ

ûܻ԰ֻкڷӡ˵վ뿪䡣



ЩҪˣסˣ˵ΪʲôҪ⡣

𣿡

ڳԡ

˵꣬תͷŴһƬֽˮеSУͻƵԶŵҵ㳡ȫĻǽڷҫ۵Ĺâ˵ҲϲSС

Ҳǡ

Ȼղŵһ仰Ƕʵղ˵ˡڷӡʲôط֪𣿡

ת˵㲻Ҫ֪
---janeadam 

ظ[65]ʮڡҵ

ص֮ǰصȥ˳Уͯ갮ԵĶЩصҵʱ򣬷ͯڿıЩ޶ԡԵúܸˣ˵ͯ꣬ʲôʱģϰ඼û˼㻹˯һ졣
ͯԵʮֳٶۣ˺һŻش𣺡Ҿˡ
ִ˵òһЩӪϲԵĲˡ
Ѿ׼ˡ˵꣬ͯӳȡ˸Ϊʢͷŵϡ
ֱԼ۾ȵʣԼȥ𣿡
ǵģ԰ɣΪ׼ġ
ͯ˵ʱûжٱ飬ȻЩ֣һðķʢ̲ͣסЦ
ͯķô󣬵ǣֵǶģͯʳѾָˡ
룬ȻͯʳѾָˣôӦҲˣͯ꣺ͯ꣬ǰ¥ķ׷ʲô£
ʲô£ͯĺֳһֵûǴһ˵ϷģĺЩ
ͯ꣬㷢ʲô£һ顣
ͯ꿴۾ͫЩ΢ķŴ󣬶Ӱӳ
Ȼ̧ͷ۾˫üƺŬػʲôһԽԽҵĴϢıǿдظҲҵţһӺٶȷֹŹֵȻͯվ˺üһֱ˵¯ϡ
˵Ҳǵˣһǲˡңҡ
Ļʹ࣬һᣬٱͯˣߵͯߣͷ
ڣͯһʧȥĸ׵ĺӣ˿Ҫĸİοǣһĸһ;ĴӶĸ׵˵ˣҲˡЩµɣԶǣҲҪǵ¿ʼɡ
ͯ˵ͷȻӹһ˿ŵЦ⣬֪ζʲôֻҲر΢ЦصǰͯѾָƽ˵Ѿҵˡ
ģӦ
ȻҸ˴绰ˡ
ԭЩӡ
ͯƽ˵˵ǡϻ־һӰߵĿȱϣܹȥɣ˵أ
㶣ЦЦ˵ȻȥôõĻһҪסĹһֱ𣿡
ͯͷȻЩԥ˵мҪ㡣
˵ɡеЩ
ڵ绰ң֮־ȱΪԭְӰߵǸˣٻٻڼǰˡ
ˣּˡ
Ǳıɱġͯ˵
ļһͷ˵ˣҺ¡
һҪҪȥأ
̧ͷͯ۾һȻ˵ȻҪȥǰαıɱˣʲôϵأ
Ҳ֪
ͯҡҡͷȻ̧ͷ۾׼ͷ컨塣
---janeadam 

ظ[66]ʮĽڡҪ

Ҷݳʻ¸߼ܹ·ĵеһζ³ˣÿһĩϢصȴʮԺתľС·ĿܺãΧղŽǵ滺࣬ڣڷӸ߸ߵ̴ˡ

ҪҶֻˡֻ绰ͷһ͵Ҷ

ҡ˭



Ҷ㶣Ȼ򳵴̽ͷȥ˿еĺڷӣ˵Ҿ档

绰ͷҲһ㶣Ȼش𣺡ܲɣ档Щ̸̸𣿡

ȻԣĶ

·ϵ֪𣿡

֪ھټ

µ绰Ҷ˺ڷһۣȻһʻȥ

20ԺĿĵأĩĽ·˺ܶ࣬ŮЦŴߴҶعͷıӰȻ뵽ɱܺߣҲͬŮӣҲӦﻶЦڣǶ˱ͣʬһɫٺۡ뵽ʶԼĲӣȣЩӿ˽Ųֲ߽跻

һҵǰ˵Բõˡ

Ҵ㡣

ҶȲ˵شúأһ㶼עĿɫҲ̫ãԵúƣ룬泯죬ΧŮγĶԱȡҶǾƯŮֻڿԼ

Ϊʲôôң

ûʲôҶЩ˼

һܣһ˵Ҷңһ㵽Ǽ¥ʲô

ûʲô¥ķŶţͯû򿪣ֻ͸Щװè￴ﶼЩ¾ɵĶûʲôرġ

𣿡

һ٣ҲƭġҶ֣ص˵

ǣڷķ䶼ŵġ

ҶѾ۾￴˼۾˵ңʲô£

Ҷ۾Ĭá

ҡ

˵ͷҶ۾ĵĴھˣסĺˮۿ˳ϣȥˮ촽渵ǰҷͯȻˣһʼΪֻǳŶѣһҹûڶ峿ȻѪ컨ķ϶䵽ϡܵ¥λҵϷķҷͯڵϣѪ߻һ̲ѪȻҰ͵ҽԺǣҽҲκ˿ڣûѪ
---janeadam 

ظ[67]᲻Ǵģ

Ҳʹҽˣҽ˵ҲûзͯڳѪļʵͯ岢û⣬Ȼܽʱֻǻ˹ȥѡ

ô˵ЩѪ˭ģҶסһְҵϰʹ뵽һЩµ顣

ҡҡͷҲ֪ͯѹԺ󣬾ͰȫˣҲǲˡҪǣҾͯ͹ȥЩͬˣôͬҲ˵ֱֻеһƵġ

һˣҶ뵽˹ȥһЩ飬ǲЩʵģֻΪС˵ѣʵЩͷǵߡ

ҶҲҪİ

ʱΪʲôأ

ԥһ˵ҺЩ˵壬ЩѪ

㵣ľỳͯꣿҶҡҡͷ˵ûôЩѪ𣿡

ԲѾЩѪˡıԴǸ⡣

֪ôζʲôƻֳ

ֻǺ¡Ҷ㲻Ҫȥֳһ𣿡

ȥһҶԭˬشӦģȻ뵽ʲô뷨ʹı⣬ԥƬ֮˵ˣѾûҪˡģһġ

ҶҵȻ㣬ҲԼˡĿΣȥԽѩһ

ͯôղȥڷӣȥ㣬û³ͽӵĵ绰ָ˹

ллĹģѾҵˣһϰࡣ

첻ĩ𣿡Ҷ˿Ⱥ

һ־ҵһӰߵĲʹСϻ־硣

Ļδ䣬Ҷܵ͵һ̰ѱӸˣɫĭһӣмλĿϡԵ÷ǳΣЦһ£ûȷóԼӲɾˡ

ôˣЩ֡

Ҷƽ˵ղ˵ͯڡϻ־繤

ԣӰߣרʲô𣿡

ǡϻҶָһǰ־¥µĳ츳вǰڶɱٻٻǵǸٻٻŮҲǡϻļְӰߡ

ǲ־ʲô⣿Ҷҡ

Ҷҡҡͷ˵㲻Ҫٺ˼ˣЩ㲻Ӧ֪кô

Ϊʲô

ҪˣֻܸҸ棺°ԺؼңһڼҵʱҪİ˿š

ðɣһհġ

ҶͣƬ˵ͯ꣬һˣӦ

ֻ

ҲᾡġҶ÷·ּѩȻЩ嶯Ŭ˵ʧȥҵѩҲʧȥĽ㡣ڣҲٿʧȥͯꡣ

лл㣬Ҷ֣޹˼ɵץסҶָҶʶһ˵һԲ𡣡
---janeadam 

ظ[68]ͷһǰ˺ߡ

Ҷıָֻ࣬õͳɤ˵мҪ㡣һڵվ׮µԺҾȥһǸµվ̨˵ϡ

ңǸ˱׼ɱģԲԣ

ҶɫҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳ鵽ĽǣǸµվ̨нݣʱסںڷ1975꣬ĸò˵ĸףȻĸɱˡ

ĬһȻ󾪿ֵ˵һжںڷ

ܲңȷʵˡ

һجΣǣڷӲͯҵ˽ôбס棿

Ҫ֪ǡĸʱһжҶؿ

˵ˣ쵽ǰ·öʯ˾ôضš

Ժ֣߳һڽ·һ·»ǰ־ʱװˣҲ濴һҶֻܵߡһԶŮ߹ͣפۿҶҲһǺ׵Ҳ˿ˡҶúΣĵ˵ȺϣŸ˳

Ҷ˳ҪҪһΣȴҡҡͷʾҪԼһ˴һҶǾǣų뿪ˡ

ҶӺӾʼվں·עķ
---janeadam 

ظ[69]ʮڡ

ĺɫе·߹ϵĴýؼţһеȣͨһֱǰȥͯ⽭

Ѿܾûˡ˵

ӱ濴⽭ԵõĶ֪𣿹ȥҰ⽭ƨɡվ˵

⽭ƨɣһеıֿͯ˿ܣЩ7080ǰôִʯĽʩħҰһҹĻʱȴЩĽʹĽֵͬԹһ㸴ӡͯȻãʵһԹȴȥֻҪͻΪԹķ²ԣѾ޴ˣ˺ڷӡ

Ȼͯ׼һ濴ӢǱʯǽڣһ£˵ʱ䱻ռ˽

Ѿĵùˣ㹻ˡ

Ҳϲڲȥ

˳ĬһӲ濴ͯ۾˵ͯ꣬ǲǰСʱˣ

ͯǰ⽭ͽ԰ʵĵ˵Ҳ֪ҲѾˡˣ˵˵ĺãμã

Щ飬ӦǣӰʵΪԶؼ¼龰Ͳˡ

𣿡
ߵǰ˵ҲǵģҼǵ***
ѾˣѾʲôˣҪˡͯǰ˼
ҡҡͷ˵ûǣԶǵġ
ͯ겻֪ôشûмǰߣǹսԱһСܵ˸ˣһ¥֮⽭ߵĴȼֱ硣ؼڼϵĺɫü䣬һԶ޷䵽ǡ
ϲĵط𣿡Ķ˵
Ҫ֪ҹĻѾ٣ڰҹǣѾǳˡͯȻЦЦϵıЩ֣˵ˣҲѾСʱˡ
ҿûӣһ΢΢ЦЦ˵
أ
ڣ˶һѾˡ
ʲô˼ѵˣ
ˣʵڰе뿪ɡ˵꣬ȥ߱˵ͯ꣬㲻Ҹ𣿡
һ֪ʲôҸأܸҸĶ𣿡ͯ
ͣһ˵ӵҸ
ֻһ档
һѾ㹻ˣе˼ദһӣҲδ˽ģеֻҪһۣˡ
ǰһ˻Ǻһˡ
ֳĬһ۾˵Ҳ£Ѿ֪ˡǣҲ㡣ȻЩթЦЦ
ͯҲЦЦ߳С·ͷ⽭ѾƻͨˣֱҹգȻЩۡ
֪㲻ϲֵط˵˵Ļ
ǵġ
ȥɣڵءͯ꣬Ӧöһ㣬ӦôҲô
ͯ˵ͷһ⳵
---janeadam 

ظ[70]ʮڡج֮ҹ

ͯصڷӵʱڵ¥ɳϴ˯뾪СĵشԱƹȥǣ˹

۾ƣ˵˶ڱҸó

ˣѾԹˡ

ϰһ죬оô

ȥ⽭ƨƬ

̫˼˵ʲô

⽭Щ¥ı档

š˿ҹɫȻ۾˵ͯ꣬첻֪ʲôԭҾرۡ

ͯ국˵ӦúúϢˣ˯ȥɣһ

˵ͷҲ˯Ȼ˲¥ݡ

ֻʣͯһˣԼһˮȻһˮȫˣһЩˮǲϵصմʪ·Ȼеһ⣬һͷֿһߵĺ󴰴ˣһ粻ϵشӴﴵ

ͯߵߣҪϴֻèȴͻȻߡèڴ£һ˵İɫںڰԵעĿ֪ôԴֻ۾ƺ˵ԣ˫۾κ˶鲻ԽҪĸо

Щ΢ĲȻ˼˱䣬ó˼ʣµĴŵ˴̨ϡèԭƣƬ̧֮һֻǰȣȻ̽ԵǰŲһţһԾϣֻͯèȻ֮ߵĵè˴̨˺

èƺɻͯĴڣ˵ͣмèһͯȻһͷһιڷǰ˵ǰʳġ뵽㣬岻΢΢һ

èͯı仯̧ͷ۾ͯ겻ҿ˼

ʱèѾѴȫԹˣֻ̨¼ԵøɸɾͷһȻѸٵ˷ĵذϣĹȥͯ棬ֻ˼ֻèʧںڰĹˡ

ͯڰĹʲôȻȥֱľͷһǽ

ͯ˫ֵڱǽϣȻ񱻵һһĵʹͨƴȫÿһëסһ󲽣ˤڵءͯһԼȻͷһڰĽ䡣Ȼתܵ˺ڰĹߵһȷǰŷϷװŵèֻۣèؿƺڼЦڵӡ

ͯҡҡͷŷϵèһһٵ˵ûеôСèۣĿһԹſ

ͯè濴ȥ

˿̣ڰͯ꣬˫۾ںڰĹߵķע

Ժ󣬺ڷ﷢һޱĲҽУ˲仮ҹա

ʱ˿̣Χ¥ȴֶӺڷﴫļѵˣ˲ʮǰһµҹڷӸľҪȹһ԰ߵج֮ҹˡ

ͯ껹š

Ϣţţس˺ڰĹ¥ݣűѵļͽ¥һ𷢳ʹĳ
---janeadam 

ظ[71]ʮ߽ڡװϼ

һϣ۾ϰԵذͯķ򣬵һȴտյģͯ겻ڡʧػ䣬ֻͯϴǶԼؿڣŬԼȻױ̨ϣһֽ

ּֽͯҳȥһЩϻصġ

Űŵķ˿ʱ䣬û뵽ڶѾˣûôҡҡͷָԼͷ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵģ֮ͯĽѺҲû˯Źշתһҹֱ賿ʱֲԺߡ

̧ͷױ̨ԼԼȦȹȥݽȥһЩҲӲ԰׺ˡֲ˲ȻҲһζеϲ޼Ĳ÷еϲ԰ݵŮˡ

ǣϲԼӡϣԼ͹ȥһɫ֫ɰҰÿСǵĺӱϼĵǿݽߵľڣԼһֻеһⶰ޴ķÿֻкҹӰ

һʶԼĲӣŵص˯£Ŀعǰ￴è۱ʯûҹҫ۶ĿĹʣֻҪǰܻԳһʡ

ؿžԼèۣȷʵܰ䣬ʱè۲ֻװΣѾΪһֻ֣۾룬ǰͯĸ׻ҲھǰӰ

ȻãÿԼױ̨ǰʱʱͷ·ʼЩ澵ֹŮǷ׷״Ӽ˹¸澵ĳľںڵĳͷǸʱеĸҥߡǰè۱ʯ

˴ߣڷټڴ̨ϣٲƵİ׹⣬ǰè׹ӷ档

ܿ죬èﷴһխϸİ׹⣬èͫףĪ⡣è۵ķֱͫףʹһĿѣվסţʧȥǰȥҺץס˴̨ûеȥϰѾڴˣֻ¥»ߵĲݴԣƵΧǽдèﷴĹâסֵ˵ⷴ⣬˻ص˴

һЩ亹ĺ󱳣뿪еû¥ȥԵʲôȵȥԱߵһȷš

ּ˴д̨ⷿһɳ¸Ϣ̴˴˼ڴĿŸеһЩһž飬˷ߵһ80ľ飬ֽҳɢһ΢ùζǡҹߵǸ塣

˵壬ʵǺˣй⽻٣ĺѧңʮӢĴ˵ҹϵ̽С˵дƳŮʱʽܵ̽£ϵ˳ΪйĸĦ˹̽

Ȼ˹ȥһӰСѪ硷ǸݸҹеġıģȻؼǵӰƬһΣʽֲܴİϷ̾Ͱһŵı˳ԭһװǱһӺŵıɱƻ뵽ԼĿڣиĺα˲ҺµƳµġ

ַ˷ҵ˵ҹϵеʮ飬硶ں꡷ӡƹۡԹȵȣеźĻҳеҳȴԵ÷ǳƺ˷ӣȻЩˣҪ֪ڷչʮ꣬ȥˡ

ǰ80ġҹİֻļСһ֡30ķ飬һ׳Сġɣ֪̽ЩαģҲںڷӸõʱǾͱͽ鷿ˣӹĸһټֱһ漣Щ¶ѾΪǾղصıˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[72]ҵһЩʱĳ飬źˮС˵־ĦʫġĦ˹̽ıϲ㣬һЩװ飬ҪĹС˵

緹Ժͻص鷿ˡҹֱĺɫ٣ź鱾Ըҹ¹¶һϵ顣ʱﴫһƵĽŲȻӿˣСĵشţһӰ

˭

ҡͯ˵ͷȻǰȥ鷿š棬һصĴͯ꿴˿д̨ʣ㿴ˣ

ǵģ𣿡

Ȼԡ

ͯ겻˵ˣӰͳһ̽ͷȻվд̨ϰ̽ͷװǽϣżߣһͷ̽ͷϣһͷڵ߲ϡ

ؿ̲ͯ꣬סˣͯ꣬ڸʲô

ڰװء

ôܳȥΪ

⡣ȥһұ˾ܹ20̽ͷ

ʲôʣװô̽ͷҪʲô

ͯվд̨æĻ˵׵ġ

ҡҡͷ鷿ǽ컨ཻĽ﷢һ̽ͷ̽ͷһֻԶŵ۾ضһͷȻʶԼܳ˷䡣

˵¥ڿǽҲ˼̽ͷȻǳߵ˵¥ļȷţÿһ䶼̽ͷһչصķһոµļ豸

Լ۾˶¥ÿͯ鷿߳ȸķȥ׷ͯ󣬴ʣͯ꣬ǲвˣ

ͯȲش˷ţٿƣһյķ䣬ʲôûУţһӴڴͷͯعͷһֵ˵ôֻΪǵİȫ

ȫҡҡͷȻ˵Ӧȥҽˣ͸ҽ绰

ı㡣ͯµ˵ţӰó̽ͷʼĹ

ٴˣصŭؿ̽ͷȻԼֻе۾£·Ѿ·ٿ˴ϣ΢΢س
---janeadam 

ظ[73]ʮ˽ڡּ

ͣ˾¥Ҷ߳ݣһǰ仯˲٣ҲǴ¥ҵΪɱװȥȥùɡÿˡϻ־ţŵˡ

˼ҶһӾʹסˣûӦҶԼ߽˱༭ûбˣ˿ȴһǰ츳ǴȥģȻѾ˿κκۼˡ

ԲҶ٣𣿡˻ָ˴ݡ

Ҷתͷ΢΢һЦ۾˵ô֪ģ

ѵ𣿡

Ȼǣͯġ

̳һ¶ľֶҶУǲŲæػش𣺡ʶͯꣿ

ǵġ

𣿡ЦЦʡ

Ҷ֪ôشͣһ˵ôֻһˣͯأ

Ӱߣƽʱܣٻ־Сôˣʱ䶼档ʲô⣿

ͯʲôʱ﹤ģ

졣

ôģ˵˭ģҶѾˡ

˵˵ͷ˵ڲҽİɣµûҡΪҺȥھӣСʱ򾭳һ档ٻٻԺ־ＱĿȱҾͯ꣬Ϊ˵ǸӰʦ

ô֪Ӱʦģ

ҵģţŲ֪˭?

ҵȻ֪˭ҶĻô֪صSأ

ǹȥھǸġ

˵ڷӣҶ˵

־΢΢һȻش𣺡ǵģСʱסںڷӵ·棬ȻͲסˡҲȥڷǲǣ

һɣ

Сʱˣڵİй𣿡ƺη徯죬·Ҷ

ҶȴЦЦЩҲἤŭҶģû뵽ҶȴΪҶɫؿȻʣˣ˵ʲôè𣿡
---janeadam 

ظ[74]èֱۣһ£ԼĿڻش𣺡֪èһֱʯ֡

أ

Узװèۣ

ҲڡҶָ˵С

ҡҡͷ˵Уʵ벻ˡ

Ҳһ֡

һ֣СèۡҴû˵һ顣

Ҷ˿۾˵ллĻشҲһģУͯ꣬˵ҹˣ˳ʺá

˵꣬ߵſڣٳǰֻعͷ˵ˣҺȻһ¡

ʲô£˺ɵʡ

һǰ츳ɱԺǲǶʲô֪ҵġ

Ҷ۾

̵ͷ˲飬̧ͷҪ˵ʱȴſڿһˡ׷⣬Ҳտյģݵϣ˵ſڣֻӵŵķ϶俴Ҷһ˫۾

źˣѸٵ½ȥ˴վڿտյһȾͷĴﴵ侲
---janeadam 

ظ[75]ʮŽڡ

ڷӲԶͯ경˴Լ20ӸϵƿţķǽϹ໭Щ֣˳ζһ˳Ļ

ӴСкǣС㣬Ѿڵ绰ϵˣСش𣺡Сɣҽء

С߽ķ䣬һſϣ˼ؿŴĻ԰

ˡػعͷǡ

ҽ鷳ˡ

˿ͯ꣬ȴޱشվţ˵һƵġ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵һ°ɣ뵥̸ͯһ̸

Ȼ⣬˵ͷͯĶ˵ͯ꣬һҪҽĻ˵ӾǸĸڹպӴʱҪ¡

ͯûʲô飬˳˷䣬ĳϣȻЩۣǴӰȡһЩӹ˾ջ˲ͼץÿһӵʱĹ

ķ쳣ͣŰ״ӵ촽ͯ꣬

ͯԹԵǰȻԵ÷ǳ˳Сʱֻè

ͯ꣬Ҳκ⣬Ϊڶԣκⶼ޴ġֻĵ׵𣿡

ͯĬһȻԴɳƵɤ˵õġƺѾܳʱû˵ˡ

˵ͷƺʾ˵ȥ

ͯ۾ͺȴԷһ磬ڣΪڣصȴ촽ЩѣͷԼ촽Ȼ󻺻˵ֻ˵ҵһΡμʵģõģģǲ̵ģģҲġ

üˣԸΡǼջ͸ͯĶĤ

Σķﵴ

һСʱԺͯ߳˷䣬ľƺһЩϽץסʣô

ǻؼҰɡƽػش𡣪

Ʋ߽ķ䣬עŴ⣬ҽͯǲвָָԼԴ

㽫֮Ϊ𣿡ҡҡͷ˵ǲĻôÿһ˶вҶѾˡ˵أ

Ҳס

ǵģ㵱ȻͯꡣΪǳ˽ʵˣ㲢˽Ҫ˽һˣʵ̫ˡ

ż˵ҽôͯղž˵Щʲô

ͯ겢û˵ʲôֻ˵һΣһޱúͻĵΣ񲩶˹Բη档

ô˵ǺջˣЩʧ

ȻζЦЦ˵ջܴģȥͯꡣ

ҡҡͷлл㣬ҽڸˣټ

Ҵҵߵ棬ȴͯ겻ˣһţܵ˽Ӵ̨ǰʣǽӴСȴشղûм˳ȥ

һԿ϶عͷȻܽһȣ쳣ɨ˳ȾԭҪͯյֱȥİһֱȵȥһսһ˵ıӰ

ͯꡣһ
---janeadam 

ظ[76]Ǹ˻عͷȴ֣ǲͯĶͷ˾

ŵòҰף֪ΪʲôҲȥ׷Եɣֻǽŵ˵ԲϴˡҪܣȴסʲôôأͯɣ

Ͻͷ

ҸղżˣڿָָǽϹŵһ

ǽϹһͻһֻɫèȷе˵èдèһ۾ڻ룬˸һصĹ⡣һ˵ζȻûֻèڷֻèǳر˫èۡһ󲽣󱳵ǽڣȴʲô˵

ôˣʡ

ûʲôֻǣֻǾǳǹͼɫıʷǳ죬رһЩϸڣ磬èĺ룬촽䡪

èۡһ䡣

һ˵ǵġǰΨϢȻè۾ַһغаٿˣ˵㿴ͯȥˣ

ţղǰ˺ܾãƺǳȤʹӺųȥˡ

ţŷ֣ڹսǴһţɫǽһģһֻϸܿ

˵ллȻ̳˺šֺŵԭһƬС԰Ǵ֮԰ĺҲгĵĲãƺһ԰صţǾԵرˡ԰ûͯټĽӡûСЩ̧ͷֻϷһڷƵݶһֱݶѹĸо

ѵͯڿˣ
---janeadam 

ظ[77]ʮڡغڷ

Ҷּ˺ڷӵݶ̴ѣĺɫ١ϢɣգڷԱߵСûа壬ǼСȥںڷӺߵǶ¥ǰͣ˽ŲȻͷ˿źڷӶ¥¥žĴڡ

ȡһԿףԿСҵ԰참ҪģصعչҵţҪΪ±ܡԿ״ǰǶɫķӡҲһչŵķӣƺչصʱ仹¥ָ˺ü飬൱ңĲҲ·ŹȥҲ72͵ڡ

Ҷҡҡ׹¥ݣ¥͵¥һңû꿴¥¥Ĳƺԭòƿ¥еķţڴϣڷӵĴֱҵѵĹ۲λá

һյķӣֻһӺͼӣǽϹżԵؿ˿ǽϵƬǹȥסⷿ˼ҵա

ⷿĲɹ൱ãȻѾǰʱ֣Ժܳ㡣ҶߵǰŴߵľڷ¥¥ĴȥʣǼӺڷһһʵĵط

ڣҶؿڷңŴ¶Źϵױ̨ҸڵĴԿһд̨һ֣Ҷע⵽д̨Ϸһ飬Ͼһξ룬ʵڿ֡ڵƺһӻһʲô豸տյģҶЩʲô䣬Ȼţƺûʲô

ְĿ¥ĴڡλϷķҲһƵķ䣬һŴڴߡҶԱߵһȴȥȴںʲô塣

̧ͷգҹɫѾޱؽˣĺڷƺҲڰռţҲ޷ڶĴ￴ʲôˡ

Ȼڷӵһȴĵˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[78]ʮһڡӰ

ͯȷţеԼĶЩȴסˡյһ̨ӻһ׵ļ豸Щӵ¥ᵽ˶¥һͷĴ󺹡

ҹɫѾ˿ô˿Ǻʱǣ豸ӻ˼̽ͷľͷ

ǿ̽ͷǺڰ׵ӰЩè۵ӽǣȫĵˡȻŴˣ˽Ե÷ǳƣǵɳϴȻָԼһ俪ˮ

ְͯѾͷл˵¥ںڵģʲôͷ˼䣬ûʲô쳣Ȼͷеңٵ鷿ˣڰ׵ĻֳͯԼ̧ͷŽϵ̽ͷӻ۾ڿԼȻ̽ͷĻ治ֻ̫۾ȴرĿ

ͯ¼Ҫ̽ͷ㵽ٿһ顣ʼҹ10ھһˣǳȡ¥ݡ䡣

ڷͷʱָֻͯ˲ŵٶȣؿ˾ͷؿ̽ͷ飬һëųˮͰȥëͷϡͷһƬڰֱٰͯǿëȡ¡ͷͷðһ˯£¶ż򣬿ȥ

ڴ˿̣ͯķźȻˡ˽Ե쳣ƣҲЩŭ˵ӻĻʱŭԵøǿˡҡҡͷ˵ͯ꣬ʲôʱȺã

ԲҲ㡣

ʲôڷĹꣿ

ͯȻ˵ͷ˵Ҳǰɡ

ǲˡ㣬ȥҽԺܵȥˣ֪졣

ͯ국˵Բֻȥ͸͸ǸС԰

Ҳ͡ҡҡͷ

ҵһ𣿡

˿Ļڰ׵ļӰڼţٺͯˣ˵Ѿ¥µˣ˯ɡ

˵꣬ͷҲص߳˷䣬صع˷š
---janeadam 

ظ[79]ͯЩεؿȥȻŵӻл¼;ͷڣѾͷл¥ȣһƬڣͷ￴ʲôֻܲϵؿֱһűˡ򿪵͸һ˿΢Ĺߣһֳֻڼؾͷ

̶ͯס˴ӣͷһȿ˿ʾʱ䣺01ʱ25֡Ȼϸع۲ֻͷ֣ϧ̫ˣʵڿ

Сذɴ۾žͷﻺһУԽԽ󣬴͸ĹҲԽԽڣͯ꽥ؿһӰǸӰڿţڻתǸ(ǣ)Ҫˡ

ͯס˱ĵذϣˣֱǽϣԼؿڣذңذ壬ٶȲż¼񡣪

Ȼͷ͵һ£ǸӰתĹؼʱ̣ͷͱԽԽģġѩҲԽԽ࣬ӰŤһֱʲôˡ

ͯ̾ͼˣְ˼ңذ壬Ҫʹ޼£ֹ˼ӣӻĻʲôҲûˣȻȵؿһУҲǵӻ

ȥ˼£ȴֵӻûκëҲû⡣

ͯ²˸ղ̴ӣؼʱ̣ǸӰתɲǣͿʼģˣһػȫʧˡͯûлͷɴӼȥԼ˰Сʱͷֳˣʱʾʱ01ʱ55֡ﻹһƬڣƺʲô¶ûзֱͯ峿ʱ֣һ΢Ĺߴ촰

տյġ

ٿˣص˼غ͵ӻȻղǶҪľͷĨˣ˭ɵأЩֵؿָ̨˺ҹ¥ǸӰ

˿̣ҹĻȫ䷿䣬ͯںڰУȻһֺʿĿǣͷת˴⡣

˲䣬һĹ⡣

ڶǶչŵķӵ¥һȺڰĴ﷢˹ͯ⣬Լ۾

ת˲֮ȴָֻ˺ڰʲôҲûˣƽʱһ˯ȥͯͷ̽⣬˿ǶӣȻϣ¹¿һƺû˻ļֿŶ¥ȴһĪľţѵԼˣܣ뷨

Ȼͯ뿪䣬¥ݡ߳ţܵ˺ڷӺǶǰȻ͵ţŽţƲ˼£ûκηӦҡҡͷѵԼĿˣǻþ

ͯһӵ뿪ص˺ڷӵĿһӵͣе˼Ǳ̻
---janeadam 

ظ[80]ʮڡĹ

ͯˡ

һӳĴﴵͷҲĶڶɽдԽԽ죬ֱʹ

ͯ껹ڴϣʶߣտյʲôûСЩ۾һƬڰ壬ֻǾµŴ˯ò̫ƺСһЩߣȷʵڡȥĶˣͯغ˼֣û˻شֻһЩµĻӷϷصĶ

ѵȥˣͯɻ˴еЩʲôͬҲ˵塣ȻеڷĿЩϢеſ˴ߣŴҹɫѾ°ҹˡ

뵽ʲô淿ӵ¥ȥȴȻһƬڰʲôȻͯое㲻ԣӽϲԣǰڿ¼ʱǵԼ΢ͷŶ¥ģƽȴǲǿˣǣ¥

ͯһ󾪿֣˼䣬ĿѾӦ˺ҹȻﲻңûױ̨ûд³ûеӻ͵ԣǰŴҲ˯Ĵ

Կ϶ˣ¥ķ䣬Լô˯ˣǵԼԺ󣬾˶¥ң˯ߣ˵˼˽ء

˿̣Ӧð˯¥µ򾪿ֵվ䷿Ѱ̧ͷŽŵļ̽ͷͯ귴˼أֻص˴ͷǵûʹ侲һִߵáƽＸһƬհףʲôȥˣ۾ܿ˯ˡ

ȻһĹӶĺڰĴ
---janeadam 

ظ[81]ʮ͵ 
峿һηͯʧˣûоʧ룬̾뵽¥Сĵ¥¥ݣͷ촰һ⣬̧ͷŴ˿ݶϱ峿Ĺһľ󡣪

ƿ¥ȷšȻͯڴ˯šȻҹ¥ϴһЩƵĽŲЩŲƺص߶ţڣ˭ˡ

ûֱȥŵߵߡͯӣȻ˯úܰ꣬ƺ¥˯ûҪ㡣

޷ˣֻ˷һȦоһδʱһЩǣʶؿ˿ذ壬ذйһ̲ѪֵѪڣѾ˿κκۼˣȻ΢΢һ¡

Ȼͯˡ

۾ĵһıӰ峿ĹӰ΢΢Ȼĳִվǰһˣͬ壬˵ļ衣ǣʼӿˣһЩ嶯ؿڣʵ޷ֹǷĳڿƲסԼ֣̰һץס֫

ʼҵŤͯڷԽͯԽǸе˷ܡĸоǲһβ㣬⻬ҫ۶Ŀܿ죬Щ۶Ҫ̰ȥ

ڣˡ

ͯӴﲻϵشŴʵĴѾˣ𵶣Ĵ㽫죬Ϊһζ͡

ʱ˿̣棬ʮ׿һȴŵһ˫۾
---janeadam 

ظ[82]ʮġصè

ڶҹͯ˯¥ķ

ѾˣҰᵽ¥ķס

ΪʲôҪ˵ɡ޷ˡ

ûɡֻ˵ұҪ˯ķ䡣

˵ͯ꣬Ҫ뿪𣿡

㲻Ҫ£Ҳ뿪ģҷģԶ뿪㡣ͯ˵ⷬʱ򣬱쳣òš

أһ˯ָָĴ

ͯҡҡͷ˵ѡһȥ¥

۾һ˵ҲУҲ߽Ǹ䣬Һ£¥Ҷ¡˵̧꣬ͷ˿컨塣

㾿ʲôɺµģһָָŽϵļ̽ͷ

ˣǸ

ǣܹ࣬ⶰӵࡣ

Ҳšת˵ͯ꣬ˣɡ

ͯϺȻ¶һֵı飬˵ǲǶԽ峿¥Ϸ﷢麦ˡ

⻰еԼЩȣ˵Ƕ㲻á

ԲҲá㲻Ҳһ𣿡

ϸˣͷ˵

ѵ˵¥ϵķͬҲԵõ֡ˣȥ˯ˣԼǡ˵ֻ꣬ͯһë̺߳˷š

¥ķ¥Ĵ˿ĴﻹһƬڰͯҡҡͷ쵹˴ϡﰵԼ˵ԸݶϲҪнŲ

ܿ죬ͯͱҹɫһʼЩ꣬ڴϷȥϾ䷿е־塣Ȼ峿Ҳе֡ڣ˯ˡ

û뵽Լ˯˰ζûһֱ°ҹһȺĸоʹ

ʲô

¸ͯе¶Ȳԣˡӿϣһֵĺ̾ҵس嶯۾·еĿµľ󡣵ȷиʲôߵʱᷭеë׵ģǣ֡

ͯ괥ȴһŹƤë

ֻɫè
---janeadam 

ظ[83]ȻŴصģ治֪ôġͯ۾Ŵ¹ⶢߵèţ۾·˯˵ӡ˯ӺĳŴŮŨζġ

̲ͯסҪˣèߣ޷ԿءС֣ıϣ·ѸоĹͷèͷǺģԲֻ֮СͯһֻסܸоָĿǣ§ס

ʱ۾ϣûκξʧı֣ĿעͯꡣһĺһȣͯЩˣץøֱӵ뻳С

Ȼûз˳ͯ껳˳ֻǰצסļͷֻ֪èѾצȥˣֻͯеצĵļ档èȻĿࡣǻɫè۱ʯ۾ͯҷģһʶԼ

ͯȷⲢΡ

ģССڷ·עһеࡣ󵨵ظȫֻĶ䵽͸ëϸ˵Ĳӣèߵ仯˳ӵβ͡һѹͩһѣͲ촽һˡ

ȻԼһŵĻˣի־졷ĲͼﲢǺڷӵ¥()Ĺ󡣴󵨵شͯ꣬()һͬⴲϣ¹ͯˡ()ȫûһ˿·(ʵ)§ڻ˳ӵرӵûһ˿Һ()ͯ꣬ûһϸ

ͯڿʼţ()÷ģСʱ򣬾ܹˣͯ()ȥˡͯȻèĶǻģڣ()Ѿˡ

ͯڲ֪˯ˣֱ峿ĹƤϡ۾͹ȥһϰԵߣֻҪĲֻè

ڡ

ֻͯһȦ䣬ȻվſţȻһжһΡ
---janeadam 

ظ[84]ʮ媥־ҹ

һҹ

˿̣һ˹¶ڴϡ

û˯ãһ˯ڴϣȥ¥ϴĳֵĽŲһ֣˵ǣˣҴҵ¥ͯ˹سͣѾ׼һݡͯƺҲû˯ã黹ûôõЩǲֻ˼ھСųšãϰûгٵֻ˰ӣһ亹

ڹ˾ƺЩ޶ԣָֻʾ˼ҪĹ档ܾЩ֣ƺڶҲֵˣҪÿʱÿ̶Ƥ¡

ĹرۣʹĶˣȻصҵʱͯѾ׼ˡͯϵغã˵Ҫ绰ϣܹһĻΪʲôĻشԾͯ˵ʵֻģͯĻΪϲߡͯЩʲôȴش˵ԼҲˡ

ͣͯ¥ǺҪȥͯƺ޶ԣԿƺѾ¥

¥ݵʱ򣬺񲢲Լߣһεٻȥȥ¥ݵӾͺǵ϶ͷ̨ŵòٿص̱ص˴ϡ

ڣ

˵ңƺҳΪٴ¥ϴڸڵ鷿Ҵˣһǽ֮еĿ־塣۾ضſ鷿ǽҲ־ǽĺ棬᲻ᴩǽأ

뵽ִһսȥˣæӴСŴ˷ţȻƲסԼĽŲߵ˸ڵ鷿ǰ

һֻ۾ڿ

ϵèۡ

Ҳè￴ǵģ޷Լˣǣ۾èǰ

ߴèۣд̨ϡ˸һ֧İһ̯ŵ顣

ȻèǰһƬڰƺһֻֻǱʲôסèһ档һ֮ĺ棬ʲô

ҪˣתܣԼؿڣŲ·Ȼ¥һƿ¥ȷţ˴˯ͯꡣ

ڰδܿͯ˸۾¥è⡣

ˡͯ΢Ц˵

һе˵ͯĻ־ʹһҲ˵ֻᾡϱͯȵƣĨȥᣬ˵£ҵֻҪߣûκܹ˺㡣

˵ͷͣزţ˯ͯĴϡȻСǿͯǻӵţϺڷĿ־塣

ҹ
---janeadam 

ظ[85]ʮڷ

ͷֱۣͯաͯȻ˵ڻ𣿡

֪ôشֱֻ۾

֪µľ䷿䣬ԣӦ˯Ϊֻдڿ־Ĳ˷־塣

Զ˷˺ڷӴǵĿ־塣۾˵Ȼҿⷿ䣬»ӷĳ䷢ʲôµĶ˵ϣһЩֵҺµǣЩǴҸڵ鷿ﴫġҴ鷿ϵè￴ȥҿ鷿һ⣬̾Żˣֻ

ͯ겻˵ˣɫһƺѾһİ⣬Ƭ֮͵˴˷š

ȥĶȥ𣿡Щ£ļ̽ͷ﾿ʲôأ

ҺȻӦ˵ģҪȥΪ־Ƭһߴ·һ߼Ҵҵ˵

ھ𣿡ס

ȻѾˣұҪظϵú˯ɣͺ͡ˣˡ

εص˵ͷĿͯ˳ȥ

һڴϣִŵӻ˷һȦȻţһЩ紵˽ǣȻоⷿһζ

ҡҡͷҲǵһоãһδⷿ䷢ͯʱеһϢͶġ˵ĵһоӰܾã䣬Լͣһǽϵʱҡҡͷ

Ƕ°ɫǽ

ǽ϶ŴɫƵǽֽȻЩǽֽ෸ˣȻֳɫȻǰǽȫǹͺͺģֻͿѩ׵ʯңʲôûУһŵȴŻͿĨϵİֽ

ǽϢ

ĺԽԽ٣ʶԼؿڣöè۱ʯعĿϡ̴ӴߵǶǽĸǰܾǶǽ·ģڿ

ָ֣ⴥǽ棬Ǹоǣ˲һ󲽣񱻵һԼָָĸоѾľˣ·Ѿ

ٿǶǽеһƣæſ˴ںʿ˫֧ڴ̨ϣգڣֻɡȻеԼ۵Щֱ̧ۣľʴ̨һ۵ĽżССĿ̺ۡ

ڴ̨˲ǿ̺ĸJSĸм仹һָС㣬ƺʲôֵд

һ飺JSǻһʲô˵أ˭ȥأ̾һЩ£ƺĸҲһ˵ڡ

뿪˴ٵܳ˷š

¥Ϸһ촰һЩ΢Ȫˮһʹܿ¥ȿҪȶ¥Ķ̣ҲΪʽ󷿵ݶ߶ǳʹ¥ĿռԵСơ

СתһȦ¥ֻܹţ˵ڶǰһֻèڷؿǣ۾˷װèǰ棬￴ȥ

һӰèһ

һ󲽣־ԼĿڣֻͷ˿ͷ촰һҪȥһһȻشȷš

ûˡ

źһַĵذϵĻҳûеô񣬹ߺܳ㣬ڷÿһ䡣ͬʱ͵ĹߣҲЩǽϵĻ;ӡ

ˡ

ǽϹźüͻ

⣬ǽϻһ߸ߵؾӣŹߣ⾵ӵķЩۡǽϵЩߴеȣƺһ㱡Ļңϵǲ㳾°ͷЩ̧ͷ˿Ľǣûз̽ͷ˵ͯҲûн䷿䡣Ȼߵĵһǰ˲֣࣬طȥ˸ڻϵĳ
---janeadam 

ظ[86]ڷӡ

סһһǺڷӡĸֳһɫƫƫ䣬Щɫǻƻʱںڷӵдġҵıʴǳϸ壬ѴǸǶܹ۲쵽ĺڷеϸڶ˻ϣһ̴Ѹ߸ߵ𣬴̴ƮһźɫŨ̡ûмڷӵ̴ð̣¥Ǹ¯ɴûùڣŻеĺڷӺ̴ḷ́ĳֿµ롣

վ˵ڶǰͬزȥ˻ҳ֣䣬ⷿĴӴﻹԿ¥¥ĴŻԼλãֱ뻭еȫصһǵģŴ⻭ģĴر˵ĸоͺһȡһСȡ򡣪

˲ȵطֵ֣ľȻǶ¥鷿ҹ鷿ĴһƬڰд̨ϵһ֧򣬷΢΢Ծİ⣬̨ϵһ顣Ȿ̯ţֽҳܿóյ÷졣뵽鷿èľ󣬽סһת˵ķǰ

СĵزһֵķһŮ˵ı档Ůƽڵϣ¶ź󱳣ںڵĳҲڵذɢţ˫źͼЩλǺһŮˣֻǱ޷ǣе𾪵ǣŮ˵¶ĺ˺ۣǵģ۵˺۷·һɫĶ߲Ů˵ϣƺӲġٿЩ˺ˣ˵ǰ

ĵһоһ澵ӣֲ˲棬Ȼһ澵ӣﻭһŮ˵ȫФ񡣪

ֿ˿Աߵ澵ӣû澵ӣ˾Ƕ澵ӻģҲ˵һԻ񡣻Ů˴һɫȹزֱ۹⻬𪣬Ů˵ǰһö׹Ϥˣڣ⴮͹ǰͷ˿Լǰè۱ʯֿ˿һţԲдģͬһöè۱ʯ΢΢ز·Լǰıʯ˲Ѿܵ˻УͬʱҲԼҵ

ĿӻŮ˵Ľ޳ĲӼƣȴͻȻסˣΪŮ˵ѱɫīˮĨˣȷе˵ӦǸǵˡһڣǿ鲻֪˭ͿĨϵĺɫīˮռλãʹûеŮ˿ȥһɴŮһվŵͷŮʬĺԽԽ٣һ󲽣վԱߵؾǰǰǸŮˣҲվ澵ǰԼģ

ؾԼȻע⵽ԼҲһɫȹֱͻŮһģһرǰèֻҪٰһɫĶϣȻǷĸƷˡ

ӵķԽԽۣٿԼ̶㵽һߣǣǰ˵Ҳһèۡ

˲䣬ط֣ǰһȻͼǰ￴Ƿһģһһֻèдһ˫˵èӻصĿ⣬ض۾

˼ֻͷ˿ⷿЩеĿ־塣

ȻһèУŵòֵתͷֻİèվڷ

èһֵٿǻعͷ˿һһģһ˿ֻ̣è뻭еֻèûκһֱԵֻèΪģضһ

Ժ޷ˣƿèʧض·ӣһ¥ݣӵ˵¥ĿڵشϢ
---janeadam 

ظ[87]ʮߡ

Ҷǿڷ¥Ǽ仭ҵġԶڴ̨ߵĽСĵع۲Ŷڷ﷢һһǶȣ͸ڷ¥ĴеֻЩΪ泯һЩ⣬̫

Ѿˣϧ˷ͯÿҪ¥˯һ񡣸εǣǰ峿Ŀ֮ͯص飬۾Ȼһ塣

Ǹ峿ȻеԼЩУѩӦѩһҪõģڣԼȴ͵ߣǣԼԲѩ

ҶȻԼΪЩ쵼㱨쵼ͬŽפӺڷӵģΪ϶һǰ츳ɱڷĪĹϵǣһҪַʽӵĲǶⶰɫķӣзסŵˣŮһһص鶼Ŀˡ

ں˼䣬ֻȻˡ

ιҶ𣿡

ңʲô£ڷӵĶ¥ȥûпһڵ¥ĵ绰Ȼӹһͷѵ

ܿ죬ܱųˣڵ绰˵ҶĶ

Ҷ˵ڽʲô𣿡

̫Զˣˡֻǣ̸̸ֻѡ

ʲô£Ҫ̾͸Ϲ

ˡ

㲻Ҫ£ţһֱڱ㡣ҶŶĺڷ˵

ллټ˵绰

ԺҶ߽˶¥鷿ıƺǳϸع۲ŷһУرд̨ƺʲôûз֣Ȼд̨ǰȻת⣬ҶķҶæ㵽˴ߵǽ

˼ӣҶ°ͷ̨̽ڷȥʱ򣬷Ѿſڶ¥鷿д̨˯ˡ

ĳɢţ̿д̨ϡ

ȻҶһҪĳĸо
---janeadam 

ظ[88]ʮˡһıɱ

÷ˡ

ҹˮӿ֮ƳŴС԰һЩӰҡΣҪ̷ʺˡȻƺȴԴ޶ԣһֽ 

еĻֽͿĨһЩֵĸ°ǰЩͼʲôش𣺡ڻͯΡ 

ʱָ23㣬绰Ȼˡ

еĻʣ˵绰绰Ƶ

ôˣ̾ƺ̫ԾһɴûйĿ־塣

㣬㣬Ǳû𣿡Ͱ͵˵

Ȼû£һ

û£ţû¾ͺá

ô绰Ϊңʲô£

˵ɣټҶ˵绰

ŷųཡཡཡĵ绰˼Ȼʣֽдһ֡ǵһ˿־塣

ոհѵ绰£

ҡҡͷ绰˵Ҫʲôҵô£

绰ͷһµĳĬ

̸еԼղŸˣĵ绰̸Բ˭

绰ͷǳĬȻ绰･һôڵϵ֮ڷҵУһЩ΢ĴϢֵͨ绰ͲĶĳִΪǸ˵;ͿĶ˽

ι˭㻹𣿡ŵ绰˵

绰ͷֳĬֱ׼ѵ绰˵ʱȻ˵绰ҽá

ãʲôҪ˵ػشӵҹĵ绰ͨЩҪߣǽߵöԼΪһҽ˵

绰ͷĬһ󻺻˵

Ŀһıɱ

õ绰΢΢һȻֽס侲ػش𣺡Ը

˿̣ҹŰ֪ҹС԰жٻҪˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[89]ʮšɫ

ɱ

Ҷ峿ðưõĴ꣬ų˰ֳһ߲㽨ŵϵ22¥¥ĴȥжԡţԶǼĦ¥ҲŨص֡ĿȥҰ纣¥һ㣬һЩ˿ƮʪҶͷ 

ĵ߽˰ֳ

ǰ𰸼ȣһεİֳ΢ԵЩңҲΪȽϴ˵ĸоһһķӣ120ƽһӵŮӡҶϸع۲װ޺Ŀ󷿼䣬ȻסСķĶɱܺߣǲƽضԼ˵

ˣЩǱʲôջ񣿡ͬļ˵

Ҷεҡҡͷһ񡣡

ͬ¿Ҷ԰׵ɫ˵ƣɫ̫ˣ۾ͨ죬ۻģҾ㲻Ӧٶǹطˡ

ֻǾɱһǰĳ츳ɱйء

ΪʲôйأòκθݡˣǹԼֱˣҵľңưֱܿ˵꣬ͬ´Ҷڵķȥ߱˵ӵװڣ׷Ĭʮ죬֪жิ𣿡

ҵȻףΪ죬ϣܹøĹﷸǣǵõʱζһ˱ɱˡʱҲϣǸһԶҪһҲǽƾеԶҲץסˡҶ̾һ

ǰһìܡ

Ůңһɫ˯ڵϣǵɫĶرĿҶԸٿߵı飬֪ɱ߶ʲô顣

ﲻϵ˸ֳҲмȡָƺͽӡҶȡָƵĿ΢΢ڽӡϣΪŴ꣬մʪĽӡرĴ꣬£һںڷӶķֻһϯĴν㣬ϣðˡǺҹ˯ˣֻڴϣŶĺڷӡ
---janeadam 

ظ[90]Ҷת뿪ڵķ䣬վ޴شǰȥҰ쳣ֻǴʹǰһжģҶԸͬ˵ܾεֳǰ𰸼ҪһЩ

۾ܼ⡣ǵģǰ𰸼߼ûκηͱɱˣһ׷˲룬Ҳ߾ԱȽϸߣҲȽϴ󡣡

ûо׷ı仯𣿡

׷ı仯ͬЩԾ

Ҷ˵ͷȻذָͷ컨塣̧ͬͷ̾ȵؽģ

Ϊ컨дкɫ֡

ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

Ҷؿͷ֣˲뵽ǱӺڷ顪èֿۡ˿һϹڹԵۺڵĽӡ

ҶԾȵͬ˵һǲŹ컨дֵġ

ʲôдأ

Ҷ˵ղûע⵽ߵûжѪ𣿡

ԣǰ𰸼ߵǶѪ

Ҷ˵ͷȻë֮ĶȥǵѪȻëЩѪд컨ϣ񻭼Ĩմīˮһ˵˵ţԼҲһڴӡ

ôˣǲܵˣͬ򣬹е˵

û¡ֻ룬һǹںϷ

ͬµͷɫ˵Ҷ˵ûҹȥСˡ

ڣעҶͬ¶ͷ컨ʮŸѪдɵĺ֡ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ
---janeadam 

ظ[91]ʮֵƬ

ʹ˯ԭ׼ϢհŸĹȫڼɵģһ㶼᲻һеĹͼ󻯳һīڣ߽鷿
һ䣬ʶػͷ˿ǽϷ̽ͷͯ鿴һϵļأ䷿Ƿйɵļ󣬿ǣͯȴһ̽ͷʲôû¼ֻĳҹ
鷿Ĵǰ˴ôڲϣнطǱ80ġҹΪ˵ڴߵǰһ顣
Ȼƺڸ࣬ҳһһȻҳɢĳֵζ֪ǻһζģȻǲŵζ
ЩţȻ֯ȴ𽥵س뵽ʱ˷İС
ȥˣɣҳдʽܴͼıӵıʱȻҳһƬ
żĺڰƬ˲;ˣΪƬ
һƬƬûԾͷȥؿա
ƬԼһδƬ﷢ԼĿȻΨϣҲĳصĶĿЩʲôأԼҲ˵
ŵƬɢһɳ¸ζͺζһ߽ǻ΢Щ
ǣǵԼĹһƬ
룬Ҳͯ͵ĵģ֪ͯһʽĺڰʱ۾¿ķǻĳĶɫͷƬ
Ƭ¥ķ䣬ͯڷ￴ӣѶ¥ĵӺ͵Զ
ͯ꣬Ƭ͵ĵ𣿡
ͯӹеƬ˿̣¶һرı飬ԵЩ£Ȼ̧ͷȴ˵
ش𰡣
ͯɲÿɷؿƬƺʲô
Ĭˣ
ͯжƬȻ뿪䣬Ȼʶؿڵè۱ʯ
---janeadam 

ظ[92]ʮһȹ

ڷӵ¥ͯСϡ

ҹˣȴ˭û˯ţȻڰϣֻèˣǲǣ

ˡͯ국ػش

ڸӵ𣿡

ͯͣһȻóƵı˵Ҳ֪ҲǰɣҲǰСʱֻè

𣿡

ָһֻȥģڵģֻǵֻè÷̫ˣԽʱһһСӡȻЦһ¡

˵ְɱΪʲôҪô

Ϊʡ

ڰֵһֻè

ǵģҰְֻּèΪѳ˶еİֻèϡ

ô˵ְְֻèУԲɱ

ɡ

ͯ꣬ǼǲʲôŴ󵨵ʡ

ʲô˼ͯĺЩˡ

ָ档

˵Ұְ־

̾һԲֻǵ᲻ҲŴһЩԵûб˼Ҳҽ˵öԣÿһ˵һħҵҲһ

ˣҪ˵ֻ

Ϊʲôʲô𣿡׷š

ǵģǼ塣ˣˣ鷳ġȻһĶءꡱһƺǺǵ̸ᱻʲô͵ȥһ

ǣһ䣺˵ϻ𣿡

˵˭ͯȻһš

˵ֻè

źһ˵ɱ

ŤһѣɱҾ̰ڷȥ

ֶĬˣǶܹһߡ

СʱԺ󡪡

ͯ˳Ĭ

ˣᣬǷֵĶ߻ش΢زš

ԣ֣ôǴ¥µﴫģǲûй죿

ܣһûпءԽ˵Խ¡

ͯĵһҪ

ס֣𣬱ȥ

Ҫҡͯ˴˷š߽Ժ󣬷ʾҪ˵ߵ˶¥

ͯߵ¥ǰСظ󡣹Ȼ΢ĳңӷﻹн貽˿̣еԼ༸Ѿܲˡ

ͯûȴ򿪷ţСذͷյϵèǰ￴ȥͯӣ֪ͯ굽׿ʲôֻվǰ۾èۣһֱƣкüӵʱ䡣

Ȼͯعͷ˿־壬ţҲһšҲ˲ʲôˣŵͯ꣺㿴ʲô

ͯҪ˵ŵúܴ󣬵ȴһֶ˵ǿ־嵽˼㣬ƺǵʧָָֻ֢ҵķš

һڣ룬ܷʲôµĶҲһҪڣ˷š

ĵţһˣֵҲʧӰˡֻʣһƬţͯ˵

ͯɫѳһƬҡ
---janeadam 

ظ[93]ȻͯǸ³ſˡڵذϣɢһŮ˵ȹɫȹȹӲģȻ³ͯ贩·

ߵױ̨ľǰɢζȹӷŵԼϱ˱ȣȻȹӷǳȻȹʮǰʽȻǳɾŴ׵ɫȹӷǰͺѾȹһȻþԼѾһˡ

ʱͯɫѿˣһ仰Ҳ˵뿪ҡ

̾һɫȹַŻص³³Щʮǰ·ָһرĸо·ѾһѾʧ˵Ů˵塣

°³ŹغãȻһ䷿ƹ⣬˽ȥͯڿ¼Ѹղļ̽ͷݷ˳ȴʲôҲûУǶ¼ֱĨˣͺھͷǰһֻڵš˵ϣһԲ

ߵߣ˵ͯ꣬ղŵ׿ʲô

ͯ껺תɫ԰ף˸е£øɿݵɤ˵衣

裿˵˭裿

Ҵè￴ڷһŮڸ衣һŮˣûͷҲû˫ţֻɫȹӣ贩ȹӡȷе˵ȹԼ裬ͣתţֵɣɫľ飬ͺһŮڴȹ衣

𣿡Ŵ͡

ûдͯ쳣϶˵Ȼ̧ͷ컨壬սĶ䣬˵ĳܣ˵ˣ貢ûߣһֱⶰ֪ϲ裬ǴɫĳȹǶ֣ղ

˵飿ҲԼĻһ

飬ǵߡȻ֣ͯڿץЩʲô˼ڱǽϣ˿̣ںڰĴ⣬ֻèſڴ̨ϣŴؿŷˡ

ͯعͷȥҲֻè̳嵽˲ǰèˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[94]ʮּè

ƻʱ֣ϻ־ֻͯˣ˶Ѿ°ˣֻǻӡƬ׼༭

Ŵ÷꣬˵ͯ꣬ؼҰɣһڵ㣬һˡ 

˵ڹ˾ӰҪһҵԽһ㡣

ȥҼҳɣֻ10ӵ·

ͯ˵ͷĿƮˡԼǰЩ¼SеƬȻʲô˵ˣܾ䷿ˡ

˵ʲôһ۾

ôˣôţֻһֵĸоѡرǵҿȴʱ򡣡ָָ֣Լǰȴʵꡣ

̾һ˵ͷ˵ǵģµûǴȴȥġһǰг츳ײ˴˳ȥңǰʹõľӡ

ͯĬһȻǰվ˵ҲӰߣ

ԣرϲ񡣡

Ϊʲôɱ

˵ɫԵ쳣԰ףЩҵػش𣺡ңҲ֪

ͯ겻˵ˣͷܿԼͷĹȻ˵߰ɡ

߳˱༭ͻȻ˵ʶһҶľ𣿡

ʶĽǰѡĽˣʧȥϵڣΪ참Ĺϵڷӵ

鵽ʲôЩšʱõŴˣ˽ȥ

ڷɿ½ȴһϸĸоͯ껺˵Ҳ֪ҶʲôԺڷӺܸȤôҲʶ

һǰ츳ʱʹҡԼһǰһΣرᵽ㡣

Ӧð֪Ķ

˵ɫѿˣ΢΢ɤ˵ͯ꣬ڻʲô

Ҳ˼

µ˵¥߳˵ݣĬ߳¥ɡĻС

ܿ죬˴ͯļڽǰͯע⵽ķװһèۡ䲻̫󣬵ǳɾǽϹƬƬһЦ˿ȴơ

һסͯʡ

Ȼ˵꣬ܽʼʰˡ

СʱԺһٷʢͳڲϡͯƺӾͳԣ˿Էӣ¶Цݣ˵ͯ꣬ȥɲ!
---janeadam 

ظ[95]Ϊʲôô˵ѵԶС𣿡

Ҫ֪һСʱĻ䳣Ӱһ

ͯлĻʲô

ҵĻ䲢ҪҪĻ䡣

ҵģָָͯԼԴȻ˵ҵĻ䣿ûл䣬ûС

ǲĻ̫ˣ

ͯͷʹ˵Ҫٴ̼ˣˡ

ؿ˵޵ĺӣԷɡ

̻ͯˣܿ죬ʲôԲˡ˳Ժʰ˲˵ٵһɡ

߽ͯ䣬ǽ˷ۺɫͿϣټŴĸо¾Ҫվס˵ء

Ҵɡ

һ𣿡˵ţƺڻһС

ͯˣ˵۾˵һʲô¡

ǵģҶ˵ǰӰٻٻҲҵĺѣǱıɱġңٻٻʬ壬̫ˣǱ˻ġ˵ţʶԼĲӡ

ģͯȻ֣ſһӵĶ

˵˵ͷҺܺ£ҺǸҲҵҾجΣμһվҵĴߣ֣סҵĲӣϢֱ

ܿ־塣

ǵģҺܿ־壬ǳ־塣ÿҵսľԣǰװèۣеİҶŵġȻץסͯ֡

ֺͯ䣬ڲţ֪ں£Ҫһȵ֣ǣҲץ˵㲻µġ

ƽһЩ˵֮ͯ꣬⣬һεһˡ

˭

衣

ͯŴͣ˵μ˭

˵ͷ˵ûƭ㣬μ裬μҡһǳŮˣҵżġ

ǣѾʧʮˡ

Ҿںڷ

ͯ΢΢һΪʲôô˵

꣬ڷһܾúڷ***ӰӣҶ¥¥ݿȥʱƺһŮ˵ĺӰڻζ

˵ˡͯĻһĬֻдɡ

ڣͯվ˵ȴסعͷ˵۾˵ˣŹҰɡ

̾˿ɿ֣˵ͯ꣬һҪúõش

ҵȻġ

˵꣬ͯ뿪߳Ժͷ˿ϵèۡȻϰԵèȥһʲôҡҡͷЦԼ޴첽ȥ
---janeadam 

ظ[96]ʮ֮

¡

Ҷų˶СǰվǰɡеԵرˣûҶ³ѾСų嵽˳ǰԼ˳ţ  
 

Ҷ˵ΪʲôҪ

ΪͯڼЩҲ˵ͷմһЩΣЩˮ龧Ө͸Ҷ

ΪʲôҪѡ棿ҶָָСá

ΪҾúϧֻһѡϧ˵ʵΪԼһκͯʱҲһõ档

С30Sеİ׶ģSмѾûжͽˡղҿһ·ϼʮϷӡЩӸ˵ĸоǣֻкڷӸ˵ĸо

ϴֻʲô£

ֻǸе¡ôڳ

Ҷתͷųһ˵һЩ˽¶ѡ˵ɣڷַʲô

ͯᵽ¥ȥסˣһ˲˯Ҳֻ˯¥ȥˡĺܺ£ܾʲôһֱںڷ

ۼ𣿡

ҡҡͷ˵ҿ塣

ȻˣͲҪ롣

һ¥һ﷢ͻЩҺ¡һŮˣǣȴīˮĨˡҶܲܰҲһͯĸĸĵ

Ϊʲô

ͯ10ǰʧˣͯΪ軹ûߣںڷЩ

õģæİӿһȥġҶ˿۾鲻Խ˵۾㡣

㣿ǲһҾ˽㣿ǲǺҽ㣿

ҶȻ۾һջջԶԶسѩĺٿˣǰ˵м㡣˺üɱе߶ĵŮԣǶǱģԿ϶ǣ⼸𰸼ͬһΪ

ץ𣿡һ

Ҷ̾һЩε˵ʱûУţһǸһ֮ԷġֵڻҲֻѰĿư֮ǰϣܹСһЩ°ԺؼңʵڲУӦýͯ㡣ǧҪİ˿ţرǶһڼҵʱ򡣡

ԼĲӣ˵ô𣿡

ҿɲǿЦѾˣĸ޹Ůӣ룬ǸѪڻڲϵѰǧҪСġҴӦģҪ㣬ҵΡҶı쳣ࡣ

һСĵġ
---janeadam 

ظ[97]Ҷ˵ͷ˳ӣˣھؼңԺһ˳ʱҲҪСһЩ

С·ϼʻһܿ죬Ϳ˸߼ܹ·ˮϵڵ粣ػţ򳵴ĸ¥ȥ·ԼںˮӿϿ֮С

Լ20Ժ˺ڷӸǰҶͣ³ӣȻӰȡһ飬Уǡ

Ȿǡèۡ

ϴ鷿д̨ϴߵǱ飿ű˵

ǵģѾȫ鿴ˡڣҰ赹ԡˣؼҰɣҲȥˡ

ټԼİȻ˳ص˺ڷ

Ҷû뿪ǰѳͣ·һߵһСУȻڷӺǶ¥

ջصͼͯɫȥҶˣ

ĬһȻ˵ͷ

Ҿ֪ȥһġͯɳϣ泯컨塣

𣿡ЩģڳǰѾ뵽̬ͯȡ

ȻԣɺȨƺһڳ

ߣʣͯ꣬¥Щ˭ģ

¥Ļͯüͷ˵ãղҲȥˣĻҸ߹ģѧԺʦ

ҾĻӼĽǶȶԷǳȻ˵ĸоȴܿ־塣

һеĿ־嶼Ψġ

⻰˭˵ģ

˵ġָָͯԼ

ЩϾˣͯ˵ͯ꣬Ҷңɱ߶ĵŮԣǶǱġ˵꣬ԼĲȻһ¡

ͯɫȶĲӿȻŤͷ˵ǵҶ˵ġϻǰӰ𡣡

ǵã˵Ǳıɱġ

ʵϣ˵ɱ֮ܺһ

ʧɫû뵽ɱȻ֮Ĭ˺һʣô֪ģ

˸ҵġ

㻹Ҫݹ𣿡е˲

㲻һֱڹ𣿡

ǣڷôµ顣

ͯȻ§ס˵ֻҪһߣͲµġ

۾ĳʹ˲ͻǣ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
---janeadam 

ظ[98]ʮġһ

ˡ

΢ЦŶͯ˵ͷסСֻ۾ͯ꣬ʹЩ޴롣˵ʵҾͲµ㻹ġأûи𣿡

֪

ҡҡͷ˵㲻Ӧ

ͯĿȴ䵽Ĵ⣬С԰ĻѾˣϧ˵ϧ»磬ο

Ҳϲʣ

ֻǵСʱҰְ־״ʡ

˵˵ְְɡ

ͯҡҡͷǺܶǰˣҶӡڴˡ10꣬һ⡣

أ

ҰְǰãʧˣҲûгֹ

ʲô

Ůˡ

΢΢һЦţҸ

ҲҸΪˣʧȥҵ衣

ͯ꣬һ˵ƺھ˵

ͯĿȻ쳣еһԭ

Լ°ͣ˵ˣڻ̸̸ΰɡ

һСʱԺͯվԼţȻعͷ۾˵ȵľͷǷ˭ģ

˵Ƿè۵Ļ

ͯͷ

ġ

ллͯͷҲص˳ȥ

³һڳʣڱʼǱдһ֡пµӰ

Ȼ䷿һСŴˣС߳

Ҳϲ͵Һͱ˵ĶԻ

ɫ˵˵ֻһ˶ѡ

ûʲôˣ˵еĻǶǲˡҲˣܹȵģֻԼ˵

ƺܸȤ

ǵģҶθȤأʲôȤ

˵ˣ棬ȥʱС԰̷ʺݡ

˵ǲʲôֵ飿

ǵģǳ֡

ܽ𣿡ǹġ

˵Զˡ

ܰ𣿡

˵ÿһ˶޷ȱˣֻԼ

˵꣬վ첽߳䷿䡣
---janeadam 

ظ[99]ʮ塡Ѫ

ҶںڷӵĶ棬ͯѾȥˣһڵϢһ

峿Ҷھ￪һᣬϸоڵɱе·֣컨µּе˶ò˼飬ǴûмԺߵѪдһһþա 

ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

Ҷһ飬Ǹпһʾȷʵں;׽ԲصϷ

νľͷ͡Ὺʯͷͬھ˵ľĺʯģǾȻ˵ҪϵȥѰֵʵľͷ͡ʯͷ޷һֶԱİʾֱߣֻδע⵽ֻҪҿ󣬾ܷܡ

Ҷ룬ҲԼߣţվĿͶ˶ĺڷӡ

Ȼһ΢ĽŲ̾תѶ俿ڷǰȻһ˵ĽŲͨҶһڣĶ

ڣǸŲǰеһֻšҶһŴˣǸƺҲҶһͷȥҶ׷˳һֻһɫӰӴﴩһ㣬ɿ»ȥ

վסҶ󡣵ǣǸɫӰĶѸ٣ҶͿֻһģıӰڻζ

Ҷ׷¥ݣ¥¥ٵ¥ȴǸӰѾˣһʧڿ¥Ե£ĸ;ɼҾߵס˹ߣҲס˵ߡƺʲôֵĽṹ̫ˣ޷ֱ档

ҶںȻеʱҪӱϮôֻԴˣĺһӼӵϼһӡ

Ȼ˿ŵ˴ţȵ򿪴ŵʱ򣬷ſվһ30ˡ

˭ҶһѽƵǽǡ

ǸԵ÷ǳȣȴвֻ˻Ƶ˵ҽҷˣҸǮ

ҶЩô˵ֻԼǿǮơҶͳ˾֤ŵǰ˵Ǿ졣

ûŴһش

ղΪʲô

ûҸոߵǰ

ģ

Ǳ˵ңȻġ

ҶЩԻˣѵϴˣղ¥һˣſ˵֤óҿ

õġ̴ӰȡԼ֤Ҷ

Ҷ˿֤ȷʵûڱʼǱֺ֤롣Ȼ˵ⶰ¥ǿչŵģûˣʲô

ϴסˣԻؿ˿ǰҵļӣȻ˲˵˵ġ

˭Ҷʵʱ˾衣

һŮӡ

Ҷֳһʲôʲôϵ

ͳƬҶϰ壬ЩԸ绰

ҴطˣļǰһӡҶָָǰĺڷӡ

ŶʵڶԲûˣѷӸˡ

ǣϰࡣ

ûϰడȥ˾˰ɣǺãٻع˾ȥ𣿡

Ҷ۾ڵ˵ͷ

ллˡҪתҶȴֽסԹֵ徯㣬﷢飬㲻Ҫκˣ֪𣿡

ص˵ͷҵȻףҾԲԱ˵ģҾ͵ûм㡣

߰ɡ
---janeadam 

ظ[100]ת첽뿪Ҷע⵽ߵڵʱ򣬻һ¡ҶȻȥס䣬ȴѾ·ϳ⳵ˡ

ҶԼղǸ˾ǲأ

ҡҡͷֻص¥ڵ¥Ѱ˰죬Ҳκټֻֻص¥ķ¥ȷʱ̾ˣһһ㣬վһǽǰ˵

ǽϸղŻһƬѩ׵ģڣҶīδɵ֡ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

ʮĸ

ͣˡ

鷿ǱҶ飬֣èۡ

 
Ȿʱͷд̨ϣڣָֻԭףΪʲôⱾҶôǲ뿴Ȿģ뵽Ҷ۾̲סҳ

ڵڶҳϣһúīˮдּ

ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

һ飬ܾʮŸ̲һرĶЩд˭дأЩʣһҳӡèۡ棬ߵ֣ͯѩ塣

һҳûĿ¼ֱӾˣĵĵһ֡



÷꣬÷꣬Sе÷ķҡ**ڴߣѾҹˮ˳Ŵڴ̨ϡҺȻ˿غش¥ϵĴӦҪʮˡ

ûпƣǵİ

һɫӰڶ棬Ӱ֮УþõĬһ˲伷ҵķ䡣ҸеӶսţԽԽ󣬲֪ƣôڴϣɲ

ҵǰҡҷҷӰӳѩ׵ǽϣͬĹ֡

ΪʲôƫƫҪѡڽҹʡ

ϲҹꡣ

ǣҲϲҹЩµҪҡҡͷ

ѵ㺦ˣ

һҡҡ׹˿סûҾղصЩ鼮ѹ

ֻһֲԤУⶰƺ֡ѵ

ꡣ𣿡

ʲô

ĸ

ǣһر۾ϸڣˡ



ĵؿʱ򣬺Ȼһִֻļϡ̼Ϊ˵Ǹ

£ҡ

ԭͯ꣬رסοڵشŴδ

ڿʲôͯ˵֣˿д̨ķ棬ˡèۡԺһ㲻˵Ȿ鱻Ҷȥ𣿡

ϴְⱾ黹ңҸոտһͷ

ֻǿͷ𣿺ˣҪٿȥˡ

˳ʣΪʲô

ΪʲôΪáͯѡèۡⱾַŻص棬Ȼ˵

¥ݣߵ¥һȷǰ

һûнȥءǰ˵
---janeadam 

ظ[101]ǽȥɡͯƿ˷ţŷ֣ʵһС¥аǽб£Ϳбϡ

ͯƿ˴ǺڷӵݶˡѵõʹҲ鲻Խǰͯ˵ǳȥɡ

ȥݶ

㲻վݶϿڷӵȫò𣿡

ԥһͷǣͯ˴Ȼ֣Ҳ˳ݶϵĿޱʣڵغţԴӰڷû

ԸڷӵȫòǸ߸ߵݶ߶ͣ˵¶Сͯ԰Ȼɢ̴ͯԣǶ̴ѱϣݶĺɫƬּͯһƬƬķ϶仹һݡ

ȻǿһŰɫĶݶӹȻͣͷֻͯɫèβͼǼһĺɫջǵ۾

Ҳݶɢ˵

ͯ겢˵ֻĬĬعȻǰһܣݶһʧˣЩģͯס˵ûϵģӵ֡

˵ͷԶȥܼܵС¥м·ĸ߲㽨˵á

ǵģСʱ򣬾ݶաʱպдӵĸȺɹ쳹ŸڵҾҾǸеһֻͯȻſ˫ۣһֻչ߷ɵĴ

ƽ˫֣ʮּߵݶıԵǰͬ¾ˡקס·˵ͯ꣬Ҫʲô

ͯ¿˿Ȼָ¥µĵ˵Ұְ־Ǵˤȥġ

΢΢һСذͷ쵽⣬Ŀ⼱ٵ׹䵽棬ʹеһѣǷﳤһӲݣѵߵѪ˲ݸ̶Ͼµͷְ˻

ǿȥɡСĵ˸¥ĴͯһԲطص棬֮ǰȻͷ˿Ƕӵ¥
---janeadam 

ظ[102]ʮߡڷӵ 
Ҷ벻ΪʲôҪֵطԼӵķңưɵĻȣưɵĵӻ籭ı볡ưǶĿתضŵӿҪȸͨˡҶԱ֮ûʲôȤȤҲΩһȤץס

ھưɵһˡ

ΪʲôҪѡ棿Ҷӭͷʡ

ػش𣺡Ϊ˶࣬Һ¹¶

Ҳƣ룬Ȧںڵģû˯á

ˣʲô¾˵ɡ

ͣƬֹ̣ǣһںƣȻƺҶ۾˵ȷʵһЩ¡

ҶһȻˣĲ²ûдϲɫƽ˵ܺã㽲

ҶҲǹҪģֻΪ¡

ˣҲǷ٣ȨжǷֻ֪ʵҾˡ

˵ͷ˿ھƣͷ˵һǰڳ츳ɱȥڷӡ

ţ̧ͷ˿Ҷ۾ȴҶԵúƽ˵ȥ츳ᰮʱ׼μһθ˼¼ƬһΣصϷӿ㣬Ҿú֣ΪʲôҪȥصϷļ¼Ƭش˵ϲðպսʱҺܽΪ˵һЩںڷӵ¡ΣֻðѺڷӵĵַ˳츳

صϷӣΪʲô˵ڷصϷӣ

˵ֻһָоΪǶ̫ˡСʱҾ˵ںڷĹ¡

ʲô£

˳ĬˣؿҶ۾Ҳԥ

ҡҶ֣ص˵ˣ㣬˵ÿһ仰пܶưаѵɱٻٻ׸ҳ㲻ø˴Ӵ˯ϰȾ𣿡

ڵ˵ͷ˵ãҸ㣬Ұһж㡣ʮǰͯصʧˣͯİְҲˣͯ뿪SУڷӿչ˭Ҳٽȥˡֹ˼꣬Ҳˣʼ޷ڷӣҲ޷ͯ裬ҲСʱļһ˵ӰرɡʱάΪһͷ򣬾ưһƬͷֺһھơ

Ҷ˵ͷЩҶ֪ˣٺȵ㡣

ֻҲԼ񾭣ԼЩںڷӣһ˵һҪ㡣Сʱ򣬾ͯһűʯ

èۣҶ

ô֪ǵģè۱ʯǳˣرֱܷ֮ķ⣬ͯ***ϼֱľ䡣ǣöè۱ʯȴһµĴ˵˰۾Ҷؿ˵öè۱ʯһꡣ

ҶѸٵذͷ𿪣ž룬˵ֻǴ˵ѡ

ǣںڷΧˣǶ˵߹ңڡĸʱ򣬺ڷ﷢üµ顣

ҵװҶ뵽1975귢ĽݼҵĲҰ

ԣֻ֮һЩȫ̸ҵģΪʱ̺ͰڷӵĽҺ죬മšҼǵ˵ڡĸڵһϣڷĽȥͣȻֽŮ˵Ĳ϶һҪ֪ڡĸʱڣû˴֮Ρԣ̵ǳȣңҵŮ˴ŵϻǶһ鱦ʯöèۡ

˿̣ҶǰʱظֳöӣЩţʶ

ǵģںڷӵĶס50꣬ڷ˶Ϥңͯ̾Ǵèڡĸһ꣬˺ڷӣŹͯҵˣͯүүܲסǵ裬ںڷӵ¥˫˫԰ҩɱˡ˵ɱΧھǻӺڷﴫһҹͷ·мʮںڷﻶһڶ죬ǴڷӵʱȴѾ˽Ӳʬˡ

ëȻˣȷ̼ǵȥ𣿡

ѵϺͿˣ

Ҷÿɷ
---janeadam 

ظ[103]
ҼǵСʱ̵ܽҲرǼҲܺãû¡ȷǴģҲڷܱߵھʱҲʱ̸ںڷֵ¡ԣ̲ȥڷĵȥΪͯϲҡֺһھƣϷ˺Σˣǰ˵Ķˣ

˵ڡĸڵһϣ̷ֽҵŮ˲Ϲһè

ԣ־ȣΪ֪⴮ͯң̵ͯǰԴͯүүɱԺǾҲûмǴ治֪ҵŮǴʲôطҵ⴮èġң˵ǴڷͯҴ˶ˡʱ̼ҵŮ˴Ǵʱ򣬾;ýҵЩֵֹģһ˵ĸоǼ˵ͶһЩֵпԸܵȻԺסںڷĽҾͷѪǸèŮò˵ԼɷֿԼĶӣϵɱˡ

Ҷ뵽ϴӾĵĽһҵϣ¼1975ںڷ﷢ĲҰȷʵˣ˲ûƭڣ֪ľǽҵŮΪʲôҪôʸˡ

ҡҡͷ˵֪ǸŮΪʲôҪֿµ¡̶˵ǸŮƽʱΪ˺ܺãɷҲ̲Żᾭǲڷȥġ֮һǳֵİӣǣȴ˵Ů˵ķһǴèйء̵жϣ˿ú׼ġ

ڣҶȷˣΪʲôڵվ̨¶èʱᾪ֣ͺ񿴵ħһȻվ̨ҳΪ֮

ԭһжԴ1975귢ںڷǳɱݵĸײ֪ͨʲô;ֶΣõǴèܵʱû˴Σǣè۱ʯʹκһŮ˶Եֵջԣֻڼ͵͵شèû£èĽݵĸ׾ͱ쳣񣬾ȻԼɷ򣬻㿳ԼĶӽݣɱˣݴӴ˳Ϊʧȥ˫׵Ĺ¶

ѹ֣öè۱ʯڽݵУĥˣڽݵУöèģһѪȶµĻ䣬ǿ־塢ͻԣʱ20Ժһǰö̹׵Ļ䣬öè۱ʯ˿־ʹ࣬ľ˲ڱΩһĽѷֻǡ

ʲô˿Ҷţһԣƺڿ˼ڤʲô

ҶŻعʶԼʧ̬Щε˵ԲҸղŵǲǺɵ

ǲǸˣ

ҶҡҡͷʲôˣҿǾ졣

˰ɣͲ𣿷˾ͻẦ¡ֱԲ˵

Ҷ΢΢һǰŮ˵۾⣬λ̡˵Ҳ˵öԣ˵ȥɡ
---janeadam 

ظ[104]ҵ̸ңڽҵѪԺǴڽŮ˲ϵèʧˡںڷϸѰҹǴȴһ񡣵ʱںڷ˽⣬סʮ˼ңǶʱסġ̻˵ڽҷѪԺ󲻾ãַһӡһ˼ţҵĪˣ˶²ǱġżҵСҲ¥ϵˤˡô˭˵ԭʲôԣ˼Ҷǳ£׷׵ذ˳ȥ뿪˺ڷӣҲһˡ

ô˵ڷͿˣ

˵ڷﻹʣһˣͯΩһĺˡԺˣһǳŮȢ˺ڷӣͯꡣ

ǾͯĸĸҶ˵ͷ

ûͯĸĸ󲻾ãȻһ죬ǷͯϱĲֳǴ˵˭֪⴮èʧԺǴﱻҳġʱǴĿ´˵ѾںڷΧˣǶҿǴǴԼˡСʱӷǳ󣬴ûжʲôе£̶ǧ̡һǾȥڷӡҲ˶ͯ***ϲ⣬һǰè۱ʯɡ

ͯİְӡΣ

ҺټСʱӡһˣҲϲ11ʱͯصʧˣӴԺè۱ʯҲûгֹ˳̾һʱڸе˳죬Ļȫ˳ҲϵĽѡ

֪ľЩ𣿡

ǵģȫˡֺһڣ˵ҲЩںڷӺè۵߳츳ģʵڲû취ֻܰЩ

ʱΪʲôң

Ϊһʼû뵽츳ȥڷӣǣҾԽԽˣҷҲȥˣ뵽츳ȥڷӡһһֱǳھΣ룬һһЩġ۽ʪˡ

ôΪʲôڲŸң

Ϊٻٻ̫ˣõѣҷǳ£ֻҡңȥڷˣְͯٻٻĿȱԽԽеڷʲôܡǣҾجΣεǸסҵĲӡԽ˵ԽᣬֱҲ˵

Ҷ̾һһŮΪˣֻܰο˵ˣллܹ֪һжҡ㲻µģеΣգʱҵֻһἰʱϵġ

Ҷһ𣿡

һаȫ𣿡ҶЦЦ˵㿴Χôˣ˭ıأˣú£ؼҰɡ

뿪˾ưɣҶڽ˵ʱ򣬿һ۵Ļһȣʱʣ޼ˣ뺫Ҫ̭˰ɡϧҶ뿪ưɺ󲻾ã˾ͱͻؼˡ

߳ưԺɵƺ̣ҶҪҿؼ𣿡

ˣԼȥɣټ˻˻֣Ҫ뿪ֻعͷҶ۾˵ܾýҹʲô¡
---janeadam 

ظ[105]ʮˡˮ

󱳱ģһ£ҪѼ׵ˡ۾ͯ꿪ʼڵش˴ȴãȻоһ˫۾ڿǱĿ⼸ҪƤҲܲסˣڣ۾

ڰǰһƬڰ˫µ۾֪ȥˡ

ͯ겻ΪʲôԼ˱ӲȻˣϯҲǵذ壬ˮ͡ôˮأһ΢΢ЩëþȫĶһɷ紵ĺ󱳣һʹֱÿһ

վźڰеһ΢Ĺߣǰһ¥ݣ¥ݱһˮˣһߵԿ϶ˣⲻںڷ

ںڷӣǻĶ

ǣͯȷԼΣǵúԼ10˯ģúۣ֮ǰСʱ˯µġںڷ¥ķͯܿͰȵ˯ˡǣ˼ǣԼȻ

ͯҡҡͷתߵȷţдš501ڷϣһèۣϰԵذ۾èϵʱȴضˣԭŲûйغá

ڣȷŰ뿪ţͯȴվſڲҽȥôԴ˵ļ˺һץأذ̽ﻹŰɫĵƹ⣬ͯվſȥȻһŮ˵Сֱڹ⻬ĵذϣСѾӲˣżǰرţɫķ⡣

˲䣬Լ֮ײļҪɤˡͯǿסԼĿ־壬ûнгɿȥ

һ¥ⶰ¥Ų·س嵽˴ϡ֪ڼˣѾǺҹˡͯҵĳһȥԼѲһᱻΪС͵ġ޷ԼĿ־壬֪˶ãڿһϤ··һֱǰߣִڷڵС·

ͯ˽һСʱֱڷӵݶ̴ҹɫдڵشص˼¥ķڰ˯ţʱѾ賿ĵˡ

ص˵ذϣصȴĽ١
---janeadam 

ظ[106]ʮš˿켣

Ҷϯϣ峿⸲Ƥڣѵ

Щ˯ڵذϣĺ󱳾ҹĿ顣۾ϼֵ11㣬ʵڳŲȥ˯µġڣſ˴̨ǰڷȥ¥ĴϣͯȴڷصŲͯ꿴ʮֽǵӣƺﻹҶͯЩԸҪ 

ҡҡͷת˷棬Ŀֶ׼ǽϵ֡19ӳʱ򣬾ͺ19Ӷ

ҶûĨЩ۵֣ǼǽϣҲܴ̼Լû뵽ԼӱˣʵҲĳطڰٴⷿдô֡ҶǶһ裬һּƣ뵽̲סӳȭͷصһǽϡ

Ȼֻ

ιҶ𣿡绰ͷͬµҶһԤе˲ʲô¡

ңʲô£

һɱˡڰֳһº𣿡

ǵ𡣡Ҷε˵Ͼټ

ĺڷӿһۣѾˡҶҡҡͷѸٵس䷿䡣

20Ժִ˰ֳһͨľ¥ĵ㣬ƿ501ҵķţͬǴкͬ˵ǰһھӷַŰ뿪ţͺؽǱ㷢ʬ塣

Ҷ˵ͷشΪһ۾Ϳһ¶ŵСȺǽŵĽż⡣ȻЩģо֣ʵǺ£һӲȾʹ뵽ʲô

ҶСĵߵߵĸǰڣߵˡ

˲䣬沿ˣ޷Լ۾ǰѾһ߽Ӳʬ壬һɫĶۺبĲϡ

ҶתͷȥؿڲͣšϣھưеһУлЩмˡǣҶû뵽ԼȻΪһ˵ˡ

ߵſڣûκα˹ĺۼǵԼ͹չ˲Ҫİ˿ˣԼƺҲԤеĳΣգǣôǴ˷ţǸ˲İ

ȻҶϣһСɫӡӡóһֵͲǿСӡϸؿšһָƵӡǣǳָơ

ҶǿָƣͬǸ˵˵ͷԼ˵һ裬š

̻ͬǣָƵĲ

ȻҶ˳⣬忿ǽϣ˵ľͷǰῪʯͷҶһҪ㱩¶¡

һ⴩¥ķ϶ϡ
---janeadam 

ظ[107]ʮĵ绰

һ죬ͯ궼û¥ķصŲֱʱ֣־һ绰Ϊʲôϰ࣬ͬʱһϢˡ

µ绰Ļڴϣһ˺ܾã¥ݣ¥ż豸ķ˵ӻȫ豸¥ļ¼񣬵ʱʾһֵʱӵĻ￴ԼӴԼֻԼСĵ߳˷䡣ͯлȵļأԺһӰ߹¥ݡѼػе˿ǸӰԼ߳˵¥Ĵš 

ͯص˼غ¼ãȻϸϷһСǣȻһ㶼䲻Լ߳ȥ֪ԼӴģҲǵԼ߳ڷӡԺֻǵԼǴǱĵģ賿ʱѲԼļˣ·һСʱŻص˺ڷӡ

ģѵԼ

ͯ겻ȥˣ߿ʼģײײ߳˷䡣

ϣֻèȻֻèƺڳЦŭˣضè˵ҲЦңЦǸɵϰɣ

èشֻǼͯ嵽ĸǰһţèݵһߣĿ¶һ׶񡣵ͯԵøڣغţֻҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣

ֻèѸٵʧˡֻͯһͷؽᣬصȵĵذϡ

֪˶ãͯ껺Լڴϣߡ

ˣʲô£

ͯգգ۾֪ôشҹɫѾŴ⣬Ƭ֮˵ûʲô£ȽۣǾڵϢһû뵽Ȼ˯ˡ

һ˵û¾ͺáͯ꣬ķǳ㣬ҿ㲻ͣڷţҾ͸еЩԡԸһж죬ˣ͸׼ˣڴˣȥһȡ

˵꣬߳˷䡣

ͯӴãȻؿŴҹɫȻ˴ڴ·䵹ѰҪҵһӣ˯ʱԼεذڴϡ

Ȼ绰ˡ

ٵϵţÿһ¶̼ͯࡣ¥´ͯ꣬ڸһµ绰

ͯڽ˵绰

ιòŵŵ绰˵

绰ͷû˵ֻĳ΢ĴϢ粨ԵĳĬͯľսƬ֮԰ѵ绰ˡ

ͷ亹ضŵ绰
---janeadam 

ظ[108]ʮһ

Ѿˣ˾ֻ֮ʣһˣĹ棬ԼƷһǳġֵֻǣɫ쳣ѿһ춼Լھ칫κˡ

ɵƷ߽ķʱͷ̣ע⵽̻ҸжʮͷȻĳִһʧ˵ô͸°ˡ

ǣڸҽĹ档ѾˣĿ

ҴҵؽӹƷûͷŵһߣȻ˵õģҺ⡣

ûпЩʧ

Ϊ㡣ʱ䲻ˣȥɣĩúϢ˻֣ڸߡ

˵ͷת뿪ʰöߵ˾ſڵʱ򣬺ȻһԼ30İӭ˽ûмˣ߽˾ЩģǾʵ˭

ǸͣȻԵʱ򣬵ȴؿһڡڣ˵ˣԲ

һЦЦ˵棬ɡ

лл㣬С㡣ǸҲò΢΢һЦȻƹȥ

ֻͷ˿ҡҡͷԼ̫ˡȻ߳˹˾ѾǻƳˣȻеЩھΣҪͯΪ׼ˡ

ԼߵӵʱŻص˼ң߽¥ֲϹȻѾ׼һʢͣ۵ǲеһðڵӹɢһ˵ζֱıǿס

ͯһص΢ЦҲЦЦͯӣǳճյĲ͸еˣʹ˹һƣ͡ԼܾûôˣյǰñǹȻͯ꣺ô㣬ʲô

һˣΪ׼ġͯ΢ЦŸͷȻóһС룬ӴҨ˼⡣ӹʢС͵ЩƤ˵ͯ꣬ҿɲ֪㻹ó

֪˰ɡ԰ɣ͵ˡ

΢ЦŵͷͰͣȻζޱȣ̼ͷȫζ٣ʵüëҪˡ

ôͯһʡ

ҳô󣬻ûгԹôءش𣬺ܿ죬ͰȫԹˡ

ͯ΢Цִӹʢһ롣ȷʵˣһذԹ⡣ͯһһظʢ̰سԣԼθڳغãƽʱͳԲôණԼĸз·ԶڿʳһԺѾԵ˰߶һСͷڳԱˣĲ˺ͷһڶûԡ

ĶЩͣԼθԳ˵ϴҪϺü˲ˡ

Եġͯزȥϵ͡

ЦЦ˵ȥ˿ë߽˳ˮǰԺ󣬺Ȼ̨µһѪȵĶӣϸؿ˿ǳ֮ࡣȻЩģȻһȳš漴һµļС
---janeadam 

ظ[109]һűèƤ

ûֻèβͼǼİߵèƤҡšһ߱ڽ̵ʬһЩѪˮ˳βʡ

̾ˣղǹޱȵʵֻèɵġ

Լθøղǹζ˲䶼˸ʬĶӿţ̹˵ϣһҵĶģۡһſ죬ͰθĶȫŻ˳

һֳֻڵϣһֻԼؿڣϵţųʮӣԼŰѽԵһͶ³ˡڸȫ¿Ժͱ˸ŻֱθҺ˳Żµʱеͯվؿ

ȵʵʲôҲ²ʱعͷͯĿ⡣ҡͷôϧĿ˵̫ϧˣôһè˷ˡ

ڵشŴѵһֶͯ˵̧ͷѪܵİèƤһۣȻһƿͯ꣬ײײ˳ȥ

ȥĶͯš

ʲôȥˣƿţ߳˺ڷӡŲ·淽ںҹСתķӹļͷ˳ջŸղŷһжʵֻޱȵİèȻͯɱˣһèҸȥҲһĸУҲԭ

ô˼رţȻײһ˵ĻֻǸ˵˵ů㲻һе˽ȥ

ôˣҶ

Ҷ𣿡ĻС

Ҷ§˵ޣʲô£

Ҷߣ뿪ڷӣ졣˵ˮ¹·˵ķ⡣

ҶԥƬ̣ȻеԼеôĿһֻ۸˵СèҪڵ˵ͷ߳С·ŵĳȻ˳ӣ뿪
---janeadam 

ظ[110]ʮĽ

Ҷ֪ԼǲӦð֮ûط԰ѾһЩҪҶĲˣԼ߽Ҷļš

һˮűӣһߺˮһ߰ѸղŷĿµҶ˵ֻ꣬ 

ҶҲһüͷ˵Ҳͯʲôɣ

Ҳֻ֪ԴϴǼԺͱúܷҸջؼҵʱȴֱú͹ȥһˣȴû뵽¡ĨĨᣬط˱ӡ

ϲûй涨ɱһֻè㷸

Ҳ֪ʲô̾˿ˣҲˣجεġ

ҶվСķתһȦ˵ʶ𣿡

ͯͬ£Һһ棬ҾǸˡ

ˣ峿ʬ塣

ġͷƺĬĬΪ

Ҷ˵ɱ飬˾һܺߡҶͣһ˵ǰһҹһһ̸˺ܳʱ䡣

˵Щʲô

˵˺ܶںڷӵ飬رǹè

һţԼǰ˵Ȼȡϣöè۱ʯͣػζţһƯ⡣˵Ҷң˾˵Щʲô

ľ״̬ܲҲƻӦҵ˼ģҳҳġ

˼ǲ˵⴮è̲ĳаĶǸµվ˶Ŀ־һǲǣѾ³һЩˣң׷ʲô

ҶҡҡͷֻϣҲҪעԼİȫɣǿè۱ʯ治ʲôġ

̾һִ

İɣΪ˽㣬Ҳȥġ˵ͷ˵ȻҶд̨ϵѩƬߵߣ򣬶Ƭѩ˵㡣ȻعͷҶ˵㻹һֱŽ𣿡

Ҷͣһ˵ʱǰɣرҹ

Ҳǡ޹˼ɵƽڴ˵ҶӵйҸ

ܵҸʵǸûõˣԼ˶ˡ˵ţͷ

ǣеʱĽ㣬ŵʱÿ㣬ԽһЩССļʡѹȥʵж˵˳

ʣҶָ˼ŵĴϵİĵƹ£ԵرϸոոɺԵۣȻÿ޹Ů˲˵ġǣһƶ󵨵ͷ˲ӹ漴͵ҡҡͷҲҵ

ȻԵЩʧ˵ͷ

Ҷվ˵ˣ˯ɡ

أ

ûϵеط˯ġģϰ˵һġ˵꣬ҶͷҲص˳ȥ

¥˳ڷӵķ򼲳۶ȥ
---janeadam 

ظ[111]ʮͯ

μ˽㡣

ֻǵѩ΢ЦţһƬ翵İɫУʹһ˵ʲôԺȴôҲǲж˵Ļˡͷת˴ߵдּ̨˽Խ΢΢ЦЦ 

ʱѾߵˣҶ˵˵׼һ¡˵㣬Ҷ׼ʱˣȦںڵģȻû˯áǸ˵Ҷ鷳ˣû˯á

ûϵֻҪþͿˡ

Ĭһ˵Ҷһغڷȥɡ

Ҷһ£Ȼ󻺻˵ϣصؿǡ

Ѿصˣҿԭֱͯ꣬ˡ

˽еʱǲ̫Լĸо

ԲҶѾ˾Լᵱĵġ

Ҷ˵ͷʵûɰ֣ص˵ѡ񣬵һҪСģˣھȥ

СʱԺǻص˺ڷӡҶ壬źܿ򿪣¶ͯ

ͯ꣬Ұˡ

ɡͯϻ̳Ͽֵ˵ͷҶӭ˻

ڿͯͷ˵ԲԭҡҲ֪ΪʲôɱֻèĲǹģ뿪ԺҲԼЩʲôĺܺڣ浽㣬ȥ˺ܶطһ϶û˯

Ҷ˵ͷڶ¥Ĵȷʵֱͯ賿ʱֲŻصڷӡ

ûע⵽ЩһԲؿͯ꣬ĸоġ

֪ҵΪ㺦£ҲǹģҷҲˡ֪ģ벻㣬ˣҲĻġ

Ҷϲͯ˵ô˵ЩԼв˼ͯ˵ıҲͯȷʵϵģʹҶҲЩԻ

ȻͯĻˣͯ벻ġ³һȻҶ˵Ҷлл㣬Ӧúͯ굥һ

Ҷ˵ͷվͯ˵ͯ꣬ϣܺúôҲ㡣

ͯҲվɫصظ˵ҷģ۸ҾʹӺڷӵݶϵˤ

𡪡ֹķġ

Ҷֶ˵Ϊ֮ɡ

˵꣬ת뿪ʱͯҶлл㡣

Ҷûлش𣬾ֱ뿪˺ڷӣȻĶƺ˸ղͯԡ
---janeadam 

ظ[112]ʮġɵĵ

ҹˣֵĵƹȻţһŵĸ¼żʮеİļ¼ѾˣĵȻڳ֮С

Ҷ˺ܳʱ䣬ҵ10ǰͯĸʧٰĵǵľڣʱϢȣ˱ԭʼ¼1988622գͯĸͯ˵ڷڵɳͯ˵ı¼С1988620ϳȥϰ࣬ȴûлؼңͯ˵СƵĵλĳѧԺȥʹСƵĵλ˵ûϹࡣֵ죬ֻܵɳʧٰˡ 

ʱͯȥ鿴ûзʲô쳣ͯҲûʲôɵ㡣ǣСƵĵλѧԺʱȴ߾Сƺɷϵ̫ãΪͯ˻ͬĳֲϤСƵ˶Ϊⴿͯ˵޶˲²⡣ΪˣҲɹͯˣǣԺͯشӺڷӵݶ׹¥ҲͲ֮

ͯ˵˲²ɱɱ˭˵ˡĸʧ٣Ժͯľ˾˾Ͱѹ¿ͯ쵽صһСӴˣڷӱչҪⶰӣȴ֪Ϊʲôԭˡ

ҶֵͯСƵĸ˵СƵƬʱȻסˣΪƬСƳһģһ

Ҷʹգգ۾ȷԼûпǰźڰ֤ռֱǶġϳ˫̥⣬һģһҶ˵ͷš

ҲҲ˽еһûиҶ°ɡȻʶòͯ***󡣿ǣΪʲôأҶ³һ

ĿͶƬϣСƿᣬ20ʱĵģĿƺʲôΨƹƬҶǸŮ˻ʱӡ
---janeadam 

ظ[113]ʮ塡绰

оЩЩƣ룬ǾС԰ʲôÿӰҡҷʱһЩ׽뷨ͻӿʱʹһͷȥҽôˣ£ĲԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ֣ЩϡŹֵ״̬÷꼾ùʳһϵ˶ĵСë

绰ˣ֪绰ģ˿̵֮Щ֮˵绰ã

ϴһû˵ꡣ

Ȼڵ绰ЦЦһֱ㣬߰ɡ

ϴ˵һ˺סһϵķǶǺɫģÿ춼ɢһɸõζǸŮ˸ıǷӵգӵĺڰӳгŮ˵ǵģ󲻳ؿڣǹһè׹ӵÿ䣬ҹþ۹ƣʹè۱ʯĹâҲΩһ鱦ʯˡӦҵ˼

ǵģҵȻסЦЦ

ܺá֮⣬һңϲ¥һﻭͻĻһֻĻɢϢǱӸȾˡϲ飬ڶ¥һ鷿кܶ飬ڲʱһһ죬ĳɢǰİʱܻһֻɫè˯ߣֻèҲǳβżİߵ㣬ջеˡ

û˵Ǹˡһ䡣

Ǹˣ绰ͣһŴ

˵ʲô˵Ǹ˴ӣ

ǵģһΣҲΣǾҹ￪İĵƣǣӲޡȻԸ뿪һΣǸڴӵʱֻİèǵģֻèΪ˱˶ǸˣǣǸ˷ǳŭֻè

ôģ

ɱָֻèǸŮ˲ڼҵʱǱǸģȻ˰ֻèƤëڼңèһ

ȻеЩģסˣʣǸŮһʹɣ

ǵģǳʹ࣬ԼèɷɱʱһᣬӺĺͷͣˡ

㻹ʲô

ˣһ˵ɡȻҶ˵绰

µ绰ȻعͷȥһӹС԰Ӱǽҡҷ
---janeadam 

ظ[114]ʮѪ·

ϴױ̨ǰͷͷɢʹױ̨ľӱЩģˡȻ͸ģľӵķ䣬·𿴵һŮվͷŵýæعͷȥȴʲôҲûУվԼؿڡ

ѵⷿûԼ泯žӣҹľֲأŬ˲ھϵָֻʲôûСúСģ̯ױ̨ϵǱ顪èۡѾȫⱾ顣

ķ棬ǴèĿȻŴˣͯ˽ױ̨ϵ飬Ȼ˵˵㲻ҪٿⱾˡ

ͯ꣬ңⱾдĶܾⱾдľǺڷӣ˵ģû𣿡

ôˣɹֻһ30С˵ѣС˵𣿡

ҵȻ֪ʲôС˵ǣⲿС˵д̫ʵˣʵ˺¡ʶؿڵèۡ

Ȿ70ǰ

ǣдЩŮأĶ𣿡

ͯҡҡͷ˵ҪϢ

Ȿͯѩ壬˵𣿡

ͯ˵ҵ游

ģ

Ȼһҡҵ游ǿˡèۡⱾ׬˾޶İ˰Բ⴦ңⶰҲƵġͯıƽ

ǰèŵͯǰ˵ô˵ⱾдèԲԣ

ͯ겻ÿɷ˵Ҳǰɡ

ѵöè棬Ҳд̲ĳעè׹˵

ֻһС˵ѣһ̽С˵ʵ顣֣ͷ

𣿡ʣӡ

ͯЦЦ˵ŵġڲˣ¥ȥɡ

ҹ˯ҡҡͷһ

㲻ϲ𣿡֣ͯ

ҡֻһ˾һ

ȻˣαػأΪʲôҶأĺýᱣģȥͯ˵һķ

ʧҡҡͷû뵽ô˵

Ȼͯ¶һ˿ӣҶҹİɣ֮ǲǷʲô

ڻǣŴͣǴͯ˵ġ

ͯЦһʵͿˣ㲻⣬Ҳ֪߳ܣǲǰҲˣǰġ򡯣㵱Ȼ㡣

Ҳ̲סˣ֣ͯһ⡣

һδ

ͯĬɫ쳣˵ͷ۾¶һ˿׹⣬ȻѸٵ뿪˷䡣

ֻʣһʱڱˣױ̨ǰã̧ͷžԼˮմʪ˵ȻվǸ³š
---janeadam 

ظ[115]³ȫͯ·Щ·Ũζ⣬ŵһɵŮ˵ζѵζܹ³ﱣʮʧ𣿲ҡҡͷһֻԼ

Ҫһ³ͯ***·Щ·ֶ˳һһ̯ڴϡ

ľɫĳȹȹ̯ڴϣ·һ޳Ů˯ڴϡ⣬Ӻ·ǸʱʽȻԵЩˣܸɾŮ˴·ͿԿȤͯ***۹ԼǳƣϲɫҲһҲΪǶǸԭɡ

Ȼһ˼ɫİߵ㣬ԭΪԭеĻءϸһȴֲǣЩɫİߵ㣬ʵǡѪ

ûӡǼϵȷʵѪǼ÷ʮǰôѪֻǴµϵѪ

˲䣬뵽һЩµĶ

Ѫ£̸һŮ˵ϲϵѪ˺۵ľ뵽¥Ǽ仭ǷһŮ¶űȫ˺ۡ

ˡµ⵽ŹŰ

̣ĶƺһŮҵĽⶰӵÿһ

ٿЩͯ·ˣЩ·ͻص˾³³Žعϡ

Ȼһڣоʱ͵˴ϡ֪˶ã˯ˡ

ҲǺҹˣһֵĶؽ˯лѡ˵ĽŲ¥ϴԶտķԵɭɲ۾ԼؿڣԽԽˡĵشӴȻ˷š¥ȻûйߣȻһӰ

ӰԽԽʹĿڿӱܣӭȥڣˡͯꡣ

۾ͯԽߵȴ޶ԣͺһһ룬ֱͯԼ߽ҡͯ۾÷ǳ֣ͯǰ˻֣ͯƤȴգգһ£Ϲӡź͸ͯߣֵľٶ

ͯ꿪ʼĿĵתȦתһȦһȦЩͷΡ˳룬ӳȡһôȼһ

Ȼͯ߳˷䣬󣬿۾˸鷿èǰͯ鷿ţд̨ϣٴһ顣ڻƵ£ֻ֣ͯ겻֪ȡһֱֻʣҳд֡ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

֣һסԼͲԼгȻͯȴ˱ʣͷд̨ϣ۾ܿ죬˴ͯıﴫ΢ĺ˯ˡ

ˣԭͯȻεëȥͯôãûзֹëʣⶰڷʹΡͯ겢֪ԼڸʲôҲһʲôǲãΩһɻԼô

غ鷿ĴȻӸڷóһ̺ӣСظͯϡ򣬻ص

ɵ˴ϣر۾ĬĬ˵콫
---janeadam 

ظ[116]ʮߡɱɷ

ͯʱ򣬷Լſ鷿д̨ϣϻһ̺ӡãȻܣЩ֪룬ܿ죬ԼΪʲôд̨ϻһ֧һ̯飬ҳд֡ľͷұؽ֣Ὺʯͷؽҵҡ

ҡҡͷ߳鷿Ѿϰȥˣ֪زڣҪȥһ¡

СʱԺͯˡϻ־磬ԴԺ󣬱༭ʧȥ˶ԸڼҲϰ࣬Ƕ˵մ˳츳ɱĻڣ༭Ȼһˣͯ꾲ֿ߽˿ȴȻǰ˳츳ӰӣȻûмˣȴ䷿ʱ̸ܵĴڡ

ͯλڷ˵ĵšϻԴеϻһ70ʷ־ˣ1930SУһȳΪSзĳ50ĩֱͣ80ٶȸ

λײЩҲ70ʷˣһɳ¸ùõζóеһǹζ˱ӣҲÿһ÷궼ʹЩֽùһΣѾùʮˡ

һݣǡϻĴţⱾϵĻ￴˵ʱĻ˵£дڵʱʮʱֵĽƬͯ귭һݻճȺ˳ʮݻ֮ǰȻһźڷӵĺڰƬ

̣ͯס˺ԼкֽŴơûȷʵǺڷӵƬǸ߸ߵ̴ѣම͵ݶΧǽڵļһģһǷڷӵƬ滹һ˵Ѫķء

ͯɫ̱ò԰ޱȣٿȥˣⱾ1936Ļ˿⣬ɫԽԽһڣִⱾϻԭڷӵƬһƪרⱨġûпƪµģǷ˺һҳﻹһڰƬƬҲһ˵ɱɷͯѩ塱

ͯ꿴ƬһˣԼ30ӣĿƺ翵עԶһɵ˸С

ȻͯԼ֣ٵǰϸؿš
---janeadam 

ظ[117]ʮˡجΰĹ

Ҷ뿪ڷӶʱ̧ͷ˿ڷӶ¥¥ĴЩںڰ֮СȻһԤУҲҹʲô鷢ԥƬ̣뿪ų򵵰ݼʻȥ

10㣬ž￪Ľţÿ˵ݵĴšزŴ19301940°ķ䡣Ѿܾûˣ˰˵ƣ̨ЩҳȻ󣬷ֻʣҶһˡתһŰŵ¼ļӣһĵ¼S10е°

Ҷܿҵ1936İĿ¼ڵеذ¼һرעĿͯѩɱ˰֣Ҷڵ˵ͷƺѾʶˡ磬ҶѾܲŵڷӵˣڷӽ1935꣬ǵʱĳͯѩ˽լۡͯѩͯ游

10ԺҶҵ˵ͯѩ尸ĺľڡھȻ֮ҶһʱʧءСĵصȥ˾ϵĻҳȻΪλôأѵʱغһ˿谵ĵƹ⣬Ȼ󣬻˾ڡ

ȣͯѩĸ

HTKͯѩ壬漮㽭25ꡣѧŷѧ12ѧɹְSзĳıα༭13귵飬14ӳš18SиֽغĻ̽С˵һʱ̳С23泤ƪС˵èۡһʱֽС˵ͯѩ塯֮è֮ۡʹͯѩջ޶˰꼴˽լڷŮ·13ţԺšڷӡ25꣬ͯѩ尸̡HT

Ҷһҳͯѩ尸ĵ鱨棬ֳɺݣһǷģһΪģ˵дſˡǣķ١Ȼݱԭ÷дɵģԺѲһı

Ҷشıı棬ĵһҳдġ

HTKſˡǣԶΰҳϺΣ˶׮ذơǱΪ˼İΪδȻʱ˿統ֽ˷ݱ汣ܣ⴫HT

ҶЩ벻ͨȻѾưΪҪı汣أһҪδȻʲô˼ҡҡͷضԼ˵ҹעǲѰġ

˿̣ĵƹشϣͫӳһ60ǰдɵ֡ЩһĻ棬һ66ǰجΰĹ£Ҷǰ
---janeadam 

ظ[118]ʮšͯҪɱ

ڶ¥ҵĴϣμԼںӱߵһƬݵ

ӱߵ϶¶飬ӹݼ⣬ذڶڲݵ߰߰峿һֱߵҹֱڰڳ׵ذʼźӰһ·ܣֻֽĸ¹һý 

֪˶ã˺ӵΣ¶˻ԭıɫǻߵģߵЩۣãȻںӱţأӿĺˮʪ˫š

Ȼһ߰׹ǡһ߰׹Ǻ峺͸ˮУ·ɭķ⡣źĹжϳһŮˡЩͷϸ·ǾĹƷ׵ЩۡȻõŻ߹ǺץסһЩˮݾŹǺĽֺȻƺĳ޷˵ĸ߹ʡ

ǣؿ˹ǺҪøһЩǺݵ﾿ʲôǰȳһûڶѾˮС

ˮϵǡղŻ͸峺ˮ濴ӵףȻڣȴԼ˺ڰ֮Уӵ֮ʲôûзҲûһжԤ˵ģȻҪӱߣҲȻҪ׹ˮС

ڣˮף೤ˮһĲϡϵˮԽԽо̼ϵӣΪŮˣԶس˯ںڰˮףˮݰ壬ˮеľ󣬱һµİ׹ǣǾѩ׵ĹǺ鵽Զ

ǰֻ۾һ

۾

谵ĵƹ£ͯǵͨ죬۾ȴţƤŵƺڲϵתš촽µɫϵط

ǣȴʲôˮزĲӣܿҪˡڣϵˮѾͯ˫֣˫ضסʺ

ⲻΡ

е˫ϵԽԽأأЩģˣҲͯˣֻıرʹࡣҲԽԽȣҪеһŻͷ­ȼգͽ˱еԼҪȥˣǰһƬڣһĽˮףǵ

Ȼϵ˫ɿˡ

ͯڼˮݣ׹ǰһɲǡ

۾ǵͨ˫۾Ŵͣ˫־ٵԼǰȻԼ֡

ˣشˮ׸𣬵ͷˮԺ¼ͯꡣ۾գ˼£ȻиձˮһŴҪˮŻţȴʲô²Ȼڵغţֱɫػָصظɿ˼£ֱ·

ɱң
---janeadam 

ظ[119]ʮ1936S

1936SУ˻۵УеĴγǡݡͨˡҲһЩ԰衢֡ŦԼ¼¡ǴŸԵǻ棬ǻһСЩִͣڰĸۿڣһ۽־Եĵ񣻻Żڷҵվ³۶ӵĹ棻ȫһⵣȣңԶͨеĴмʶֵˣڵִSеĵһ죬ῴһűֽűֽĵİһšɱٶȷ޹Ůѧɡ 

Щ෢ڷϽڣʹ̽ſˡ쳣ͷʹַȫһģһڶ̶һµʱ̷˶ǵŮԣеǽ̻ѧУŮʦеҽԺʵϰŮʿеⷿסŮѧеǴĳش˽ӳѰɿνŮԡһضԶִţңûеֿ£ס˲ӶּȲٲƣҲɫƺҲûʲôң˭޷˵ֵ֮˷룬ͬһ÷ꡣ

ԭSͷװʵ̫ˣٶ༸װ̽˵ҲѰ¡ȻһݹʮӰŮӰǶεҲͬһֵĶɱ֮ѲҲסˡȫеıֽ˶ε֮׷װĺձЩǵӪ֮£ɱȻŷǵżεǵһܺߣҲһԭѲ̽˷Ͱ׷ȴʼ޲ߡ

ͬʱڻʮ˿ʧٰʧҲΪŮԣʱ˲²ЩҵʧǷҲͬɱˣ統ֳ˾޴ѹֻܸ˰̽ſˡҪһ֮ư޻ưſ˹طȥ

ʱͯѩС˵èۡſˡҲͯѩʵߣſϸͨˡèۡȫģеһЩǰĶɱƣǣſ˱Űݷͯѩ塣

ſ˵һ߽ڷӵʱ򣬾;ӵռΪ죬ÿһȷ϶һֻװèۣͯѩһ˾סլ֮У޶ϼҡͯѩſ˵ӡȴѣһϮüĿʣ棬һǫǫҲй˵ţ˵ѣ֮ܽһķһʱſ˼Ϊ塣

̸֮䣬ſ˸ͯѩǹˣͯѩᰮ̽С˵ƷȫΪ̽ư֮ݣư˿룬侫ɱȿϵ밢ɯ˹١ǣſ˴󵨵ͯѩ˰飬ͨ̽ͯѩЭͬưͯѩ嵱Ӧṩ֮飬ſ˻Ȼʡ

ſͯѩΪ¿鰸ֳͯѩֳ֮̽̾ͷһѲ©еܺ߷жСèۡһ飬ϻͯѩױǩȷЩ߶ǡèۡʵߣͯѩǩʱǩżȻ˵ֿԴΪġͯѩһֺܿҲǡèۡʵߣΪڳⱾ飬߻ħɥʧԣȻģеĹ½зĶǡè֮ۡߣбȻ¡
---janeadam 

ظ[120]ſ˵õͯѩ巢ֵһҪͯѩ壬Ǿݷͯͯѩְ̽顣ֽ֮࣬˻ʱ̸۷ѧſ˿á硷ͯѩоſ˴֪֮пǣſͯѩ֪ѣʱְֱ̽ҹͯѩſںڷӹҹ

¹ȥȻͯѩİ£нչµ֣ǶɱڲϷĻ̻̣൥ŮΪѶ׷׼ˣһʱ䵥ʿȸԾȻͬʱѲ˾ſˣһư޸Ϊ10֮ڡнչſȻüչΪǲпƣڷͯѩһг

ҹڷ÷꣬ſͯѩһ֮ǰǳãƽſںȵںڷ֮Сҹſ˺ȻĳֵѣʱһŮ˵Ĳҽɢ˷䣬ȻһĺӰǿµļζſ˲׳׳ӣںӰ֮

Ӱһ㣬߳˺ڷӣ˿ֵ̽Ͽһˣ÷׷׶£ſ˴ŵðһӰӰתһլſڣ˷ţſ˶ǽߵİһŮӵ˭

Ӱش𣺡Ҹ͡èۡˡ

ܿ죬ŴˡӰ߽˷СȻ󷿼һ˵Ȼֹͣˡſ̳˷䣬ƹ£һסŮӵĲӡſ˻ӣȴǸӾͯѩ塣

Ķɱˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[121]ʮһǽ

ԲͯһƬãȻԼ˫˵Ҳǹġ

Ŵ죬ֱĲȻһϺɫĶۣӣȻҡҡͷøոջָ΢ɤ˵㼸Ҫˣȴ˵ǹģ 

˵ҸղǵԼ¥Ĵ˯һµΣμ㱳ңμǸҶľĻҶ§һ𣬶ҴЦţڳЦң˵ǾˣҪҹصԺȥҷŭ˼㣬ͳסĲӡʱȴҾȻסĲӡԲҲǹģҸͲ֪ԼЩʲô

ķˡվеԼĺѣֳֻױ̨վ

ױ̨ԼԼǵ۵ĶۣþŮѾˣһˣһѾȥŮˡͨ澵ӣֿԼǰèʹҡҡͷỺػȻӲȡͯС

ҪʲôͯСĵؽӹ

ͯҵһ㡣˵˵꣬ȥ

ͯ꾪ʧ˵Ҫȥ

ȥ

˵Ҫ뿪ڷӣ뿪ңҪȥǸҶͯ͵ҡҡͷ㲻ġ

һס֡

ſҡ޼£ͯϵԽԽϳ˷ţҪʲô

Ҳʧȥ㡣

ͯһֱ¥¥ݣڰ¥巢˿µҹ˻Ƶغšϵطţȴʹֻܱͯߣֱ¥ķ

ۿѾˮģˣһ䷿䣬ӭͼǶ°ɫǽǽֵķ⣬Ƿ˵شۣ

ͯţȻָµİɫǽ˵

ǽ
---janeadam 

ظ[122]ʮͯѩ 
1936Ǹµ÷꼾ڣڷɱףֽͯѩ塣

ץͯѩĵڶ죬̽ſˡѲ˺ڷӡʵϵʱԼǷץˣͯѩĵץסſ˻һϣִΪֻżȻ¼ǰװ޹ءǣڷӵ¥ŵһɳ¸ζζεſ˲¥һȷǰóȻش򿪷ţǷװè濴ȥ 

һֻŮ˵۾

ſ뵽ǿµǴ˷šûʲôŮˣȷе˵ûлˡΪʮӣÿһﶼһŮӵʬ

һ˵ķ֣ԭڷӾȻһµլʮԩ¥ķ˯šʮʧٰļϣЩʬʧٵˡѲ̶Ժڷӽ˴Ѳ飬ֲ˺ܶЩɱŮӵš

ԭЩⶾֵŮ˶ͯѩʵߣͯѩ屣ŷǳеЩŵŶͯѩĻִŵĵͯѩܾܿһ㣬ǺʱɱǡЩںڷ﷢ֵߣȻֱܵ˺ڷͯѩ̵ģ㽣һҵķɣͶ뻢ڡ

ͯѩ尸˾޴ĺ䶯ʿԴĪһʼǾŴģǷ׷׫Ϊͯѩ绤ǲûжƾʵݣֻͯѩ塰Ķһ޸֮һΪ϶ɱˡеΪ統һıһΪٳ޷ưҪ˳򣬶統ֿӻˣͯѩݺȻڷͥϣЩ绤ǲ԰ģѲʾȷ֤ݣ֤ʵͯѩһ޿ɵʵ

ȻǣͯѩԼȴСΪԼûɱˣ˵Լûɱ˵Ķ˵Լδȥڷӵ¥Ҳ¥ֵʬһ֪˵ԼȷʵһЩµΣЩεݶйɱ˵ġǣڰΪѾ϶

ͥͥʱһλʦͦԸΪͯѩ绤λʦͬʱҲһҽ統ֵͬ⣬ԹѺڼͯѩϸµĹ۲죬ҹͯѩ壬óһ󵨵Ľۡͯѩ廼֢

λʦ˵÷ٴһΪ֤ʵһ˵֤һҷ˿ҽԺͯѩڰǰҽԺƹһʱ䣬ʱҽԺͷͯѩεëڰҹԼתһȦһЩٻ˯Լֻ֪ΪһζѡһλķҽͯѩĲԺ󣬻רžʹо

λҽԸ֤֤ͥͯѩȷʵ֢Ҳ˵ͯѩܿԼȫ֪°ҹܳȥɱˣȻֻ˯ڶʲô¶֪ˡʱ绤ʦԼҽΪε״̬һ鶼ʶģͯѩ岢Ϊ״̬и

ҽڷͥ˴εĳΪͯѩȷʵֻǱ󣬸εԭΪϴ˫˸ճǸ˸ͯѩһĶŵңŻ磬аģĵ˺ͺӣȫ˵Ŀģÿҹͯѩһ˸ͻḴʹΪһѪħȫơ˸ȫۣ˵һƵļ£һǶļ£˸ͬһ˵ϣֱʹħĽ塣˸ͯѩڽʹͯѩ쳣ʹ࣬ȻҽʹʹдˡèۡⲿС˵

ҽǿ־ϵļܻŴԣٳŷ޷ֵļƵİ˵ݶͯϼĵ飬ͯѩĸ׺游ΪҶɱġ

绤ʦܽԷԣΪͯѩ岢һﷸһˡȻ˫ɱʮǣһɵģľͯѩڣУǶȶԣͯѩҲܺߡͯѩ岢֪ЩʲôɹɱˣҲӦܵУӦ͵ҽԺϸؿжɣȻгڵơ

ʱͥϸطϢλ绤ʦڷͥı绤¼˵֮Уʼնδܵüա
---janeadam 

ظ[123]ǶԴ˽˼ۣȻϿ˷ҽ֤ʣҲΪʦı绤ȷʵԡǣҪ統ֺ۵ѹشɱ˺ţȫSСϽʼܣǲܷжɣǶʧԼְλ統ֿû۵֮С

оǡͯѩ巸йɱд̡

Ժͯѩ屻˽ʼܡ

ֹһ£ſˡǴȥ˷ĹְһSпطĿ֣ҿִֵʱȴſˡʧˣһʧڴϵĿˡ

ͯѩ屻ԺµӺͶSУǹ¶ĸ˺ڷӣӴ˹û֪˺ʮڷַЩʲô

ȷʵһجΡ

ڿȫľԺҶضԼ˵̧ͷ³һ66ǰſˡͯѩ尸ĵ鱨ҲһġǹںڷӵجΣҲجѾ66ֱ꣬죬ȻûꡪҪսΡ

ȻҶֻˡ

ιҶ𣿡ͬµҶﰵǧҪٷµˡ

ңڵ

ģǻϢھڼҹ࣬Դ˼ҵϷֵָȶԣѾˡҶˣײײˣµûͬڵ绰Եú˷ܡ

ܺãھȥƽػش

ҶС߳˵ݣĳת˳Կסҹ·ǲ֪ƣеÿһš
---janeadam 

ظ[124]ʮǽеĺ

ǽ

ָͯǽ棬˵ţڷһ׹뺣еʯͷɫ˻

ֻһǽ˵

ⲻһǽһͯظǽ棬иоѪ⣬ǻģԶš㲻Ǻܺ㲻˵µ㲻ǶǸصĺӰǳ־㲻˵ڷһ𣿡

㣬˵ˡ

Ҫ˵Ҫ㣬Ͳǽ

Ȼǽһ澵һǿҵķ⣬ڷԼҲֲ壬һԼһǻӰȻתۼһֶΪ˻þǽǽ

ͯҡҡͷӴһľĴ־޴ֻڽϲܿõЦЦȻ߸ߵؾ

۾

Ժһ޴죬ĳֶıը۾ǰǶ°ɫǽѾһ󶴡ͯһ˴ٶصǽϣɫʯҷ׷䣬мɢשˮķ۱һɹŨڷ

űӺˡ

ͯ꼸ûصһ£ȻŴ˵㲻ҪһǸôҾ㿴һľͷұؽ֣ῪʯͷؽҵҡˣھľͷῪʯͷɡ

ͯţЪ˹ؿǽڣֱĴǽ﷢ʲôһѩ׵Ĺͷ

ͯҲֹͣǽ¶ĹͷһȻڵϣ

ȻͯվСְǿЩѾ˵שͷˮ࣬ЩשͷһأһĹǺ¶ǰ

һǽʬ

ӿˣվţֱҿǽ̳䶨ڿ˹Ǻȫòط֣ǸղֹĹǺӹжϣȻһŮԵĹǺɫĹͷɭɲķ⣬վ̬·ֻһ㼡Ƥ

˭뵽ںڷ¥һǽȻһŮ˵ʬ

תͯ꣬˵˭

ͯ껺ؾèҡ˵ˡ

Ŵͣ˵

ͯͷԣҵ衣

!ס͡

ǲǺܶԲһһֱ㣬µҵһοʱҾˣһֱûڣѾӦҪˡ֪ΪʲôҵһμʱҾͰ㣿Ϊ㳤һģһ

Լ˵˵ʲô

˵***һģһ˫̥ҵһμʱ򣬻ΪСʱ裬ԣŻص顣
---janeadam 

ظ[125]ҪˣԭͯʶĵһѾעˣΪʲôڤڤ֮ҪأˡȻƬڡҳŵƬԭΪͯ͵ƬڣƬϵ˭ԭƬ

ǵģ㷢ֵƬʵ衣ҰְĵģƬʱһ***ءУǼ仭ңĻ***Ʒһ***Ի񣬻ǱīˮͿġ

ˡҡͷ˵㲻˵ʧ𣿡

ǵģ˵ʧˡҲ˵ûҶȥһֱⶰһֱڡͯͣһ£۽ˮ㲻һֱ֪һδ䷿ʱ𣿡

˵ǲˡ

ǵģˡЩ죬ڼʲô£ǽܡҲңǼܡ

Ǽܣ

ſ־۾
---janeadam 

ظ[126]ʮġͯѩ壿ͯ꣡

ҶųٶȻص˺ڷǰǸ߸ߵݶ̴ѣޱߵҹɫͬ͵ĹűҹȳûۻᡣǣֵԤһϮͷ

 
ûֱӽȳ˺ڷӺǶ¥һ¥Ǽ䷿䣬źڷӵĴǰ

˺ڷ¥ķŵƹ⡣վţƺ˿־壬ͯվߣͷ󺹣ͷҲԶԶؿȥܿͯ˫Ŀ׹⡣ǷһǽƺѾҿˣһשͷˮмǽɼһѩ׵ĹǺ

ëȻ

Ҷſڴ濴ȥ̲סˣ֪һĳΣգҪһȻĴؽ!

ҶƳ˯ҹգͬһ֧˺ڷ

һѭԴ⿴ȥǶ¥ĴվһӰͯҲˣ嵽ڣȻһתס֣ϳ䷿䡣

ҶһУ޲̾ɵķת˷ţɿ¥ݣڷӳȥ

ڷߵŽţ͵üײײȴײȻ뵽ʲôת˺ڷƬСԺָһǰ츳¼ݣȡЯֵͲǰڰԣֲЩ֦¼ֹĻ棬ҵ˺ڷΧǽϵǸȱڡ

ص¼츳ǽϵȱڣȻƵڷſڡֵţûпŵĺۼ˵ͯ껹ںڷŷֵ˺ڷӡ

һ¥Ŀ͸غ֡ȻֻǿµĻںڷӵĸײţĴ۵ķ⣬ҲǴ̶ģҶĶĤѵⶰģڣʼŭˣһǰⶰӵĲ֮ͳ츳

Ҷڵ¥תһȦƿнŵķţڿ֮ǰ׼Ұ۾յèǰȥһԼҲЩصèԻ츳׹޵׵ԨȷţЩϷװèĳֿµĶȻѷŴԺȴʲôûзֻ֣һϢ

˶¥ȴңûˣֻױ̨ľӷһĹߡȻֳ鷿䷿õǱèۡȻûˡ˵䷿һ׵ļ豸һڣҪȳ¥ȥֱ䣬ûˡ

Ҷ¥֮ǰһӹ˳츳¼ĿֲҡҡͷԼҪٺ˼룬Ȼһ¥

ͻȻһǿµĲҽļ˲䴫˺ڷӵÿһ䣬͸ҶƤͬϸһֱࡣȷǾǣҶµİһǰ츳¼Ҷ鵽˵츳Ŀ³棬Զ϶츳ֺڰĻҵﾫֱɱġڣҶҲˣǸŮ˾վһ˫֣סĲ

ǣҶȻ뵽ôȥҪȳӦѩҪõģѩΪѩҪȥڴ¥ȷţڿŵһɲǣǿµʧˡعͷֵȣûʲôµŮˣѾӶˡڣ־ν飬η塣
---janeadam 

ظ[127]䷿ǽҶǾѩ׵ʬվǶݣǿնۿﰵĳֶҡҡͷ嵽˵ڶ䣬ǽϹһ۴Ҵӹÿһ𾪡࿴˵䣬ֻһС¥ǽб£һϻš

ûпͯꡣǵȥˣҶһͷ컨壬ѵǱĳصˣӰٵʧںڷӵĿУҶһ

ȻһҶ

ܿ죬ʧˣţͷһҵĽŲҶȻˣǲûʧǵ˺ڷӵݶϡ˸¥ϻ˸߸ߵݶ

ȻЩѣСĵزƬϣֵȥڣ̴ͯ꣬ѱϡҶҲȴͯס͡

ͯ˵Ҷ㲻ҪֻҪǰһҾʹȥ

Ҷֹͣ˽Ųͯ󣬾Ƕ͵ˡ

һҹ紵ӹҶ۾Ȼͯϣ·ӳһ˵Ӱ񡪡ͯѩ塣
---janeadam 

ظ[128]ʮ塡ͯľ

ھͯĻݶĺɫƬϣյ˷̽յԼɫһǳ԰ѿǾǽڵĹǺ

ѾΧˣݶϣڷеϣ˾;ƣ  
һЩӵ𣬾ڲϵ￪ԶľԶشĶȻԼԲΧھǣҹڷΧҪȹһҹˡ 

Ҷеľ20׿ݶϣվż죬ϻϡȻ̧ͷ˿ͯ꣬ͯڲϵزıʹ࣬һӹҵͷͯ۾ֵ촽ϣȵģɬζ

ͯ꣬ǹȥɣҲҪٴݶˡͯĶ˵

Ѿ·ˣ֪ﻢǲݶϣͻıϡͯ˵ţȻ̽յƵĵƹϣǰһѣΣæֵ˵

ʱҶߵ˵СЩҪѵƹֱӶ׼ɷʵȻҶضͯ˵ͯ꣬ˣһж

ͯͷ˹ȥشҶ

Ҷ˵޹ģ֪㰮Ȼ͸ɰɡͯ꣬㲻ðΪʺܿɳ𣿡

ضͯ˵ͯ꣬Ѿ㵱ɷҵˡ㣬㲻ʲôɷ޹ģ뿪ɣҶȥ鶼˵ģҲ͵ġһҶ˵ûнٳңҲʣԼҪġ

ƭǡøˣǵܣֻҪһһеķվͶˡ10ǰҰְ־ǴȥˤģһֱţʵԼȥģôҲһڣڣҲڡ

ʲô㲢ûз

ʵ㲻˽ҡⲢ㣬ΪǰҲ˽Լڣڳ׵֪ԼǸʲôˣħһħ!˵ȻͣƬ̣Ӧ÷֣εë

ǵģҷˣӦȥơ

һж̫ˡֱҲףһжҸɵģҵ˫֡˵꣬Լַŵǰ˵˫ַУɣһֱڹʵԼҲ˫ɱˡԭͲһ£ǣڷ﷢ЩµȴҲò뵽ʲôϣҷԼȻ˼ҵǰҷʱѾˡ룬ӦԼ֪¡

˵ɱɵģ˵

ͯʹص˵ͷȻ̧ͷضҶ˵Ҷ֪ڶ¥ǵ˾㣬ͻ˰ɣɵԼ֪ҸɹЩʲôʱѾˡûڼˣɱҸɵġԭЩجΣģԴסڷ𣬾ͻֿµجΣεԼҹܳ˺ڷӣĳİĵŮ˵ļƭţȻһΪֻζѣõģ֪ǲΣʵ

Ҷûлشضͯ

ͯľͷұؽ֣ῪʯͷؽҵҡˣҶѾľͷῪʯͷҵˡ

ļͯĶ𣬡ͯ꣬ûиɹҲˡ

ѵҪʱ˽𣿡˵ָ꣬ǵϺۡ

Ըֻһˡ˵

ֻܺеһѡ

ȻҶͯ꣬Ҫ侲˵ĻҶѾˣһжҪΪͥϵ֤ݣϣܹϸ

ͥϵ֤ݣΪһҵ游Ϸͥ𣿲Ҳֻġͯ˵

游游ʲôϵ

Ϊ66ǰSУҵ游ÿ߳ڷӣһSеҹĴεϵضЩ޹Ůԡ¥ķŮ˵ʬ壬һ˫˸ħд˽̡Ѿ30־ԴµļˣǸʱ䶯һʱ

ʲôϵأ

ѵ֪ĳ־ϵļǻŴǵģҴԺҲףҺܿŴǼĳֻĻǵѪҺҽⶰӣ𽥵ռҵ壬Ϊһ˸˸ޱȣѪ̣66ǰĶ鸽˵꣬ҹտһйʹࡣ

ͯ꣬˵˫˸񣿡

ͯ˵ͷ˵ǵģħ

һͯ˵㲻ħףڻü
---janeadam 

ظ[129]ˣҲк޹Ѿ㹻ǹҺüˡҪڣұҪµȻͯһֵ߰ɣԶһ𡣡

˵ͷ˵ȥĶ



ͯ걧ܱȥĶ˵һ

ʮħ

ҲҹĻᷢЩʲô

һҹǱ뷨ţڵ賿ʱ֣Ȼ˼⡣

绰ˡ

һأԥˣְڵ绰ϣȴûţİͣشߴڣ˵绰

ҡԷĻһֵЦ⡣

Ҳµ˾㡣

Ҳµһ

㻹˵ʲô

Ҿ㲻ȥ

һȻЦЦ˵ϲ˵飬ҲΪµ˽ҡ

ôµңԷҲЦܿͻ֪˭ˡ

˵ɡ

ллܹĵ˵Ļ˵һ˺һŮһɫĴǸ˻Ӷң˳ܡһ죬Ǹ޷ӵĻɣˣһҹ¥ķȻŮ˷ɷѾһˣѾһħˡǸħռ˵壬˫֣Ů˵Ĳϡ

ȻЩģʶԼĲ˵ʲô

绰ͷĬˣ·ͻȻֹ֮ͣ˺Ժ³һ仰Լӡ

ϵ۲ˡġ˵

Ȼϵ۵ȻûпˡԼҲûпˡԼǸµҹҹڹϵķûǸˣ˫ֻӣǸƯŮˡ

ȻĻ飿ˡ

ǵģҵ

ˡ

绰ͷڼɱԺǸ˹ǣѾһ߱ʬ壬ŸոʶԼЩʲôʹ࣬Ҳܿ־壬ھļ尾֮ڸԼҹһЩˮࡢשʯңԶ¥ķһһҹʱ䣬Ӹǽ档Щˮשһ̵ǽϹײġӴԺǸԶ¥ǽŮ˾ͱһԩ꣬ƮǶ޴ķ

ǸأһֿµĹ£Щš

Ǹ˻ѳʧˣü޷죬˭Ҳ뵽ӾȻԼҵǽǣ޷ԭԼһ죬¥ݶ¥ɱˡ˵ϵûпˡԼҲûпˡԼ

һܿͷӦ˹˵룬Ҳ˫˸ʱ֪ԼЩʲô

ֿʼЩҪĿĲˡ

ȻĳֵҪתȥ绰

ǰ˵ûһŮˣеʱ븧Ĺ⻬Ƥ

˵ʲôȻһȻʶؿ˿С԰һӰҡһЩڻ䡣

˵븧Ĺ⻬ƤУ޳˵Ĳӡ

Ȼһϸ΢Ц

ЦԵ

һξֵҪתʱһֻĴѾĲϡ
---janeadam 

ظ[130]ʮߡ˵ɺ

ڷӵһƬڰȻѾ˼⣬ҹȥˡ

ںڷӵݶϣͯȥûзʧȥֻ̧ͷźɫתˡ 

ҪʲôҶغٵȴˣΣգݶƬǰȥȻܱͯͣҲͣס˽ŲԼһ壬ͯ걧ͬھ

Ļ⣬ʱֻһ׵ľ롣

˿̣ʧȥ˸о۾еԼͷѾ棬ХķͷԼʱпܵȥеͯڲϵز֪ͯһʲô

һԺȻе϶һʲôԼؿڣһ鱦ʯ۾ͯܽͯ΢ЦѾ¹ǰè۱ʯ˵Ұè㣬Զˡ

ͯ꣬ߡ˵

ţԶ㡣ģұҪµúõػŰɡ

þȫ

ͯȴָŶ΢Ц˵㿴ˡ

治巽ֻڵƽϵĳ䣬һưɫĹͻƺҹİΧʣ㿴ϼ𣿡

ҿˣǱߵˡͯ˵ھҪǱȥˣ軹Ǳߵء

ͯ΢ЦվȻǰһԾ˺ڷӵݶ

ԺһƵײӵ洫

ͯµˣã

¿ͬ峺Ȫˮһӿۿǰöè۱ʯȻĹâضԼ˵ͯ꣬Զ㡣

Ҷվߣ¥µĵϣΧ£ͯѪģߡͬĵߵ˵һжˡ

һж
---janeadam 

ظ[131]ʮˡɱ

ˡ

ҶŶ˵վںڷӵ¥£Χͬڲͣæµţȴֻһ˾һ

Ȼڵϱ̧˺ڷӣȻܵ˹ȵľţ͵ҽԺơҶ˵ߣѾˣ۾ʹࡣҶ֪ڲӦôʧȥԼ˵ʹ֮УĿ˾ȻڷԶȥĬĬض˵ԶҪٻˡ

ͬʱͯʬҲ˰ײͽʬ

ʵԼԡҶ˵ͯ淢µԡͯ۸ʹӺڷӵݶϵˤ

ҶûٻصڷǶӣѾܹˡչͬǣҪѺڷзϵè۶ȡؾҪͬ޷⣬ǻˡ

ȻִͬϤҶϲˡ

ʲôɹϲģҶǳ

ôüģɱڱƻˣҪ֪Ĵ󰸣һӶϵġٵøһȹɡͬµĿĽ̾һ˵ȥһΪħܿɱ˹£ֻ19͵׶ش˵֮Уû뵽ļʶйĶħܿˡ

Ҷÿɷؿĺڷӣ۾ӹһЩرĶ˵ȻͯѾԼǶɱ֣ǣһǾһЩɵûи

ǲѾָƱȶ˼ſڷֵǿָƾͯġͬ¿϶˵

Ҷ̾һ˵ǣһǾãҹ⣬ʲô鷢

£Ķ

ֻˡ

Ҷ۾ضֻͬͬ¾ҶЩĪֻιҡʲô˵ʲôǰļһģһⲻܣܿ϶ġˣ͸Ϲ

ͬ·ֻɫ쳣ѿ̧ͷҶ۾˵µûȷʵ·ɱˡ

Ҷ˵ͷսȭͷͬһĳӱȥ
---janeadam 

ظ[132]ʮš˭

峿룬Ѿˡ Ҷͬſڣ⿴˿ǼŹ棬֪ǹģֻǹﻭƺξ ܿ죬˰ֳҶע⵽ĲڵϵߣǷС԰ע⵽һԽĻˣ໨մڴϣǰ߰ߵѪ ѾмڵȺǣҶͬϸز鿴һȷɵظҶ۴ַܺߵĲϵ˺ȷʵǰļ׮һģһͬһΪߵʱԼ賿ĵ㣬ͯЮ뾯ںڷݶ϶ŵʱ䡣 Ҷע⵽˰ֳһϸڣϵ̨绰ûзźãͲ绰ߵţλƵġ Ȼͬεҡҡͷ˵û뵽ԭֵڻң⡣ǣͯΪʲôҪԼأ Ҷûлش⣬˵ʱ仹賿ӣ賿ʱߺ⣬󻹻ʲôˡԣһǸˡ ǣһ䣬Ҷ˱ˡ ˲䣬ҶںڷӶ¥µһĻǰˡҶһƵǽϣ˵ּˡ ҶҲֵ˵ô㣿ûаǼ߹κˣģҡ ˵ĲҶſ˵Բһ¸ղŷ𣿡 ߵֽѡ賿һجΣεɱˣҾͷǳ£ Ҷ֪˵ѣ޴Ļˣĳʱεģһ䣺ڲ賿ʱô֪ڼԲһ˽⣬˵ѣ߾ʲôϵ Щţͷ˵µûҺ֮ȷʵĳϵ ˣˡ ˵ԭǸļ绰ģû˽ӡȻִֻȻû˽ӡҾͲ²ʲôˣҾĿҪڼĿԸԿףԼ߽İ칫ҵʱҾͷʬ壬Ȼ̾ͱˡ ͬѾһж¼ȻҪ¼뿪֮ǰҶȻϰ壬Ƕ˵ϰɣϰˡ ʲô£ ͯˡ ¶˿־ɫҡҡͷҶͬһ뿪ȥ¼ Ҷת˼ȦĹҺż¼֣ͯ뵽ʲôתȾͷʱŻè۵ͻ èؿ
---janeadam 

ظ[133]ʮβ

ڻؾ֮ǰҶȥһκڷӡȷе˵û߽ڷӣȥ˺ڷӺǶ¥ٵسⶰ¥¥ǼһֱӶķ䡣

Ҷȿǽϵ֣ĳʹ̼ȻĿһǽϹŵǼ

ȡһĻңطȥ˻ҳЩڰƬһȫҸȫҸһĿڣĸĸϣǵվ꣬ߵһԼʮ˾ӣұߵһȥʮꡣע⵽Ǹϸؿ˿ȷʵǳʮžӡұǸĿԵرƺʲô

ȻҶı󻹲һЩƺһв㡣ļв㣬һǦʻֽЩֽƺЩͷˣ߽϶һЩù㡣ֽǦʵ軭ÿһ϶ɵڣܹʮҶһ19871210ա

һȿĴһױ̨ױ̨ǰһͷŮˣױ̨ľԿǸŮ˵ƯųǰһҶ򴰻ĺڷӿ˿Ƕ¥ңԿ϶ľڵǶȡ

Ҷջϵʱ˳ȥǸŮ˾һ䷿ﻭ֮ЩǸŮ˵ƺǳҶ⻭Ů˵Щ

ĻһˣǸƣŮ˵Ķ⡣˺ļ;ŹŮ˵Ļ档һһŮ¶ıڵϣ˺ۡ

Ǽʱ1988619գȿ˺Ůڴ˵Ǹ˵ıʮֿ¡סŮ˵ĲӡĻ棬ǸŮƺѾˣ̶ǽϣשˮŮ˵һǽһ

ҶְĿͶ˶¥ȴڣǶǽѾˣǾѩ׵ĹǺҲѾ˵ȥʬˡˣǶǽʬ˭ģǱ˭ɱġ

Ҷóֻ˾ͬ£ιҶڲ¼

ո꣬׼ȥ

Ҷæ˵ȱߣһһЩҪУȰҲһ飬20ǰסлл

ԵƬ̣绰Ǳ߾ʹͬµ10ǰסַƺ롪ⶰ¥

Ҷ˵ͷҲµûлл㣬ǧҪסϾͻټ

ȻһҶ¥·ʱѣģľɾӡҶѾЩ軭ŽԼİȻɿ뿪
---janeadam 

ظ[134]ʮһĵܵ

Ҷصʱڼش⣬ֹı¼Ҷûֱȥ˵ǰȫоĸϿ⡣

ڲѯȫҵϡԭӳһֱ20궼סںڷӺⶰ¥ѧԺѧԺҵԺֳѧѧһֱǰŻع˶Դ湫˾ӵʾûκη¼ 

ĸĸ19901εʱ˳˫˫ѣʱѧԺ飬ֻʣһܵڸĸѺ󲻾ãΪ֢ѧ˺Ĳʱʱ1993꣬͵صһҽԺ֢ǣ1998꣬˽뿪ҽԺ˭Ҳ֪ȥӴԺ󣬾Ҳûĵ¼ˡ

һԺҶó˴Ǹ򣬿ȫҸƬǸվұߵ꣬Ŀڿۡ

ҶЩ뿪߽ڸ¼ķ䡣һҶɫЩ仯ҶؿȻžŵǰ̴סˣҶ˵һǼʱѣǲǣ

ͣƬ̣ڵͷ˵ǵģѣֻһҹȥļңʲô𣿡

ȻˣΪʲôҪѣ

ûлش

õģ㣬˭

̧֣ͷҵܵܡ

ȻҶְЩ軭˳һһ̯ǰʣ˭ģ

˿Щ˲䣬ɫޱȲ԰ף̱Ƭ̣ûзûз

ûзԣֻҪ֪ȫ˵Ϳ֤ûзˡ

˵ͷ˵õģҸǣЩһģҵܵġҺҵܵСʱϲסںڷӵĶ棬ǵĴؿڷ﷢һСʱ򣬺ڷסͯҷ򸾻ǵĺӡǸŮ˳úƯҺҵܵܣԣϲǸŮ˻衣

ǸŮ˾ͯɣ

ǵģҲΪǸŮһҵԭɣ⼤ҺҵܵܵĻΣҲܵѧرҵܵܡҷԺڷǸŮһرĺøУʼûûҹſڴϹ۲ڷ﷢£Զ͵ŮˡʱҾͺ߻ħҾϲǸŮˡʱһʮĺӣİʵģǴģûа㰹ĳɷֻ֡һֳѣźڷӻ裬ʱѺڷǸŹŮ˵ҲҵܵܺͬǸŮˣǳǸˣĵظǸŮд顣

ôǼأҶָǼ¼ͯ豻ɱĻ

ҲûĿ飬ǵڶҵܸܵҵġ˵Ǹˣ޵˼㣬Ǹ˶ΩһİϣǸǣǸд˼ţһĻдû뵽ûǸ˾ʹݶϵˤˣҲһյ˿ηɱˡ

ܵôˣ
---janeadam 

ظ[135]̾һ˵ԴӺڷǸŮԺҵܾܵرˣ쳣ÿجΡһĿıɱȫԺܵ˹ȵľźʹ̼ԶĨƽˡʵԭһǳˣ֮ϣСʱǾ˵سɴ˭뵽ȴһǵĸĸԺĵ֢ͽҽԺȥ˹ѧؾͺʧȥϵǰһص˹ڣһ¾ѰҵܵܣȴҲҲˣãã˺֮УﻹӰ

Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ĳʵһˮ£Ȼ˵лл㡣ֱһ£ҵĹ˾ӦƸҷ뵱ڷǸŮ˼ֱһģһ̾;ƸǣҳԾ·һǰҽӵҵܴܵĵ绰Ҫ֪ҺѾʧȥϵˣһʱϲǡ

ӦøˣΪʲôҪأ

Ϊڵ绰˵ǳ֣˵ȫһЩĪĻЩԸЩȴѪȺͲбҾһʲô⡣˵ָָ꣬ԼԴҡҡͷ˵ڵ绰ԼڹȥסϷӼ档ǣҾ͸ϵû뵽ײ㣬ʱҺܺ£뵽ʲôµ£Ͷ˻ѡֱǰҵĹ˾ֵ10һμ棬ԭӦøˣȴһֵĲ֮ס

̸Щʲô

̸ֻһҪڻ£رǻڷǸŮˡҾһˣʮǰΪǸŮ˻š˵һͯѩ֣˵޵سͯѩˡͯѩ徿˭أ

ͯ游ڷӵˡҶΪش⡣

ԭˡ֮˵ֵĻᵽҲᵽ˵Һܺ˺ڽ賿ҵܵͻȻҴһ绰ҵȥһΡ̾Ͳµһᷢµ飬ȻҸϵʱѾˣһǱҵܵɱģҿԿ϶

ʱ̲סˣ˲¡

Ҷ֪ȷʵѾ֪ȫ˵˳ҶһڣͬѾѸղ˵ȫ¼˻˵ллϣˣʲô£̾͸Ҵ绰

˵꣬ҶԼ߳䷿䣬ߵȵľͷ˴Ѿһҹûкˣ۾ͨ죬ļⶼʹš˵һ飬˵Ĳ˼飬һֶġҪģһĵطúõ˯һ
---janeadam 

ظ[136]ʮɱ

ˣ۾ԼҽԺһ䵥˲ҽԺļ飬ûˣһͿ뿪

ȻЩʣ⣬ҹɫѾˣԸʱűˣ  
ǣֱ۾ػһСѾԶʧȥͯˣԺﲻϵظֳͯһԾ˲䡣ǵģǵõԼ̧ڷӵʱ򣬾߹ͯ굱ˤˡǣܾͯ껹ûͻߣԶػ 

Ȼ˲ſˡ۾һ˽˵Щ죬￴ܿˣڹ˾°Ժһİ

Ǹŵ壬ȥһӣһˮһɫʻ΢Ц˵ã

˭𣿡

ǵģµͬ£Щ²ί㡣ߵߣһ˵һˡǱˮ͵ǰ

ллǿˡԼĺ쳣ɺҪƵģӹӣһˮĺ˺ܶ࣬ע⵽΢ЦעǣȻòض˵ллңǣѾˡ

ҹŸոտʼ˵쳣ͣڴԣȻеɫĻ׸

ӹʻ˻ζһɵڣζԼʹ˷ɣѻڴͷ˵лл㡣ΪʲôҪһ

ûע⵽һ׻˵ͯѾˣɫʻΪ˼ġ

ЩɫĻ꣬ЩԵ˴࣬˳Ⱦʹص˵ͷǵģͯѾԶˡ

֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡˿˵Ȼע⵽Ķͷһ˰̣ƺˡ

ΪҪܴܴΪҪԼ

˭

ͣƬ̺˵ɱˣɱˣЩ޹Ůӡ

ҡҡͷ˵Щ⣬һˡ

ָ˭

㡣

ָ۾Ȼֻ˻

Ϊʲôң

ΪҴĲϿԿ΢΢ЦЦ

ӣ⣬ϻһǳǳĶۣĿӹһ˿֣ȴ˵
---janeadam 

ظ[137]˭ɵģ

ͷһߣŴããҹɫһЩ̲ס

Ҳ£ͯɵģǲǣ

ڰͷֻ˹ʹ˵ǣ

һҪıɱ㣬ǲǣ

˲Ĩᣬֻ˵ǡ

˵˵ͷ˵Ҳµû֪ΪʲôҪɱ㣿

Ϊʲôһ䡣

Ϊң»ʧȥ㡣

ΪҡŬط

ֻһ֮䣬ǺˡĶ˵۾ʱϲ˵㿴ҹĹ𣿡

ҿǰ·ֳС˵ſֲ硣

֪ΪʲôҪԿֲıɱӵļƻ𣿡

뵽鷿Ǳҳŵͯ***ƬһΪԼȻС˵˾޴ķкͷŭݺݵ˵Ϊʡ

˵Ķԣʡ˵ʱڣʹ˷񣬼ʹ˷ʡѡ̰衢ŭеķﶼԴЩͯꡣ

۾ʣҪɱң

ǵģʡڣ㻹޲

ҡȻӹһЩֵĶ۾һƬãȻ֪λشҡҡͷΪʲôҪ

ΪסĲӣ˺ȻŭɶָŵĲӣеֱģڡҪǣȴԼѾˣƺѾԼ˲䣬ˣǰȵǱˮһʲôҩ

Ҫʲô㾿˭

ҪʲôҾ˭ѵûյҸѵÿڴ𣿡˿Цһ£㲻˵ģؿڹһöè۱ʯһֻɰİèửǳͻϲ鷿Ĵ̨ǰ顣

Ǵˣǲҡ˵ƺֻ˵۾˾֣ǰˡ

ôܼǴΪҰ㡣

˵ʲôؿ

˵Ұ㣬Ӻܾúܾǰһֱ㣬ʱһһ16ꡣһֱڣȻ㡣Ǹ˻㲻ңǲǣ㣬ǲǣҸɣ⣬⡣ָָԼԴ

ȷʵ⡣󵨵˵

ȴЦЦ˵ˡϣ¥ķסĲӣԽԽּĲӣһ߸һ˵գ㡣ǵģ㱻ıɱˣȻΪڸɳܵУˮשǽ

̾ͯ辿ôģֻΪʲôǰ˻֪һС

˼˵ֱϣڱ˳˰Ƕǽ˿ˣֻص˼䡣ڣ˾ǰ

ˣ˵

ԣе˶˵ҷˣʵԼŷأֻڷӵУŻſǷӡΪʲôǶô˵أЩ꣬ꡣݺݵţӿһħԣǱҪܵͷͷǵ÷ʽǡ

˲䣬˫ֽסĲӣеʺһʹѣҪкȴʲô

һ߶Ĳӣһ˵ʹ찡ҾЩŮ˵Ĳӣӵһڶĸǵ㣬ǵ߸ҾãһǻлҵģǺǡ磬Ǹ˵Ůˣʶ㣬Ҷ˵ʱڳ㣬δ䣬ҾѾסĲӣûӣͶˡҴ˵ļʱҼһͯ˵ļſڣءԺһΪɱˡ
---janeadam 

ظ[138]۽ᣬˮ׸޹ͯġ

ˣ˷˵ÿޣ¥ͯԻʱҲˡΪҸͲǼ䷿ǽһҰˣ̳׵ײУңҵͷϣһӣʹѪҵЩѪ¥ذϡ

ͷϵ˰̣峿¥ķֵЩѪ˭ˡ

ˣٿˡ֪ԭ׼ͯҵļƻΪȫ̳ͯҵŴ򣬿ϧҴˣȻĹؼʱ̷Ź㣬ֻ˵ʵһųĺ֣ǳ֣ô飬Ѿȫռġʱ̣ΪʲôͻȻˣķŭΪʲôͻȻϨˣ޷⡣͵ҡҡͷ

ڣϾţԼܹ˵ظǰѪˣ㲢Һͯ꣬Ҳ־ͳ޿Իһ˵壬ȴܻ顣

˵Ŀкϣ˵һ˵ʲôɣ㲻˵ˣʲôڣֻԶˣ˵ʵһЩЩϷˡ

ھˡ

Ҹ㣬Ұ㣬ԶһɡĿ¶׹⣬ϵԽԽأֻеһֵͯյĸߴٻǣʧȥ֪
---janeadam 

ظ[139]ʮͯ꣬ͯꡭ

𣿡

ԼԼͯĻıϢϡһˣԶԶ뿪˺ڷӣ뿪УصʶСǡ 

ڣҪһͯ꣬ǲǻ͹ȥһ΢Цšǣ۾

Ҷ

ˡ

ͯأͯأ

ں֣ͯҶȻһ֪ԼΪʲôָоҲΪԼǱʶŶĳֿЦĻ롣ֲִӦеĸо˳ͷ˵㿴һҰ

Ҷڽ˹һ𣿡

㵱ȻšҶ΢Цһ¡

ȻʲôţﻹǲɫѾ΢΢ˣֻҶˣŵʣǸأ

˵˵СʱǰҸҽԺһ绰ҽԺңղһԳ㹫˾̽㡣Ҿ·ǳɣ̸ϵҽԺ߽䲡ʱҿһĲӣѾȥˡ̳ȥֹڷＤҵزţҲƴطҵĶͷ

ȻҶĶͷһԵ˺ۣһЩɫѪ

ҶҪ𣿡

Ѿ򵥵شˣû¡һ˵Ǹ˱ϾҵĶ֣ұƵ˴ߣѾ·ˡҪ֮ԷʱȻҷֵ΢Ц˺¡ԤеʲôԣҪȥסʱȻһ˴⡣

ˣֵؿ䲡ĴǸ龰

ҽԺ23¥ˤˣʬѾˡ

ɿŴ·¡ڵ˵ͷȻԼĲӣЩʹǿž˵лл㣬Ҷһ

ǧô˵ȣҵְ𣬶ңҲӦ㣬ҪġҶѩٿǰʵѹԼһҲһͱ˶ˡ

̾һˮٶӿۿ˵ҶҪ㣬ͯ޹ģɱ˷ûзӦġںڷӵݶϵһУʵԼĻѣʵǱǸħġȻѸղ˵һԭԭظҶ

ȫԺҶҲһؿѾ飬һΪͯʹϧҶ̲סָͷο˵ʵӦ뵽ˡʶһҽ𣿡

ʶôˣ

ˡţҶְԼṩйȫ

öûдӿ־лع૵˵ֲĹ˾ҪжԴ档룬Ӧ޹ġ

Ҳɡ磬ѾѴӺڷжЩè͵һоȫļˡĽ˲˼飬Щè۲ͨĲƳɵģĳּĲϣרƲ⣬һִ΢ԵȻϡ

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ǵģҲƭˡģЩµҹĽŲŮ˵ļУЩװè۵ķԶԵ粨Ӱ졣

ԭ͹Ӱʹҡҡͷ

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ġŴʣǣ˭ڽڷӵʱҪЩµè۷װأ

ֻͯѩ壬ΪʲôҪôεõЩè۵ĲϵģЩΪԶѽ⿪ˡҶҡҡͷ˵Ͼܣ̽

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ĻҶﲻ֪ʲôζĬһȻȻЩĽͯˡ

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ȻҶе˽æ˵㿴̫ˡ

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ظ[141]ʮġجλ

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ȥ˴Ʊ˿ͷһ·ֻ·ߵڽֵ˵ϵ籭20Ӯ¹

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˵ҪˡŴ˵Ȼһ·ܹġ

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ԥƬ̣ȻִֻͬµҶˣһɣڷӷˡ

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ӵ˸ҶѾںڷÿһﶼˡڷӺˣ˿⣬ûܵʲôʧر¥Щͻȫ

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֮ΪϣͬСƵԻҶȻ˵Ļ

뿪˻ң˵һ䣬汻ÿ˵ǽڣǸеŮ˵ʬﱻ10ꡣҶȻеһĸооӷǽڡذ廹컨ÿһɢ

еЩϢߵ˴ߣſڴ̨ϣŴĿҶͷȻڴ̨һ۵ĽŵļСС֣ĸм仹һС㡪JS

JSдҶظ̺ۣȻǰ·ֳǰһķ̽Ҷ̾ˣJSſˡֵд66ǰSз̽ſˡҲڵҶһվȴǰĿڴ̨ԶԼ֡

ҶԸٿſˡµĺۼˣǸ̽ԶڹȥɡҶ̧ͷȥȻֶ¥ƺѾ˰˽һŮڰѼҾ߰䡣ǸСȻǷǽϵĪ֣ҡҡͷȻëˢӣͿˢǽϡ

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جν
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ظ[143]β

ҹˡ

ŮӺȻתͷæҡ˯еѣϳ˿־壬˵󱣣Ҹղſڶչŵķ˸

˯ɣجˡ˵

֣ج𣿡

Ůſ˴ڣ۾أڶڰĴ￴

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