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Ů˵Ҫô˶һͷң΢Ů͵ĺţѾܹˡ
ŮˣѪ˿˫۶Ȼ󣬲ţЪ˹ĺô㻹ѵ֪ǸҪŮ뿪ߡ
׼޹أ֮Ѿˣɡ˿Ů㲵ݣ˿ûϧ֮飬ȵصڿտĴС
㡭쵰ȣƭ㣬ҲҰ֪ǰģѾˡΪλҪ˶ңѵ֮ôĸ黹һ˿½⣿Ů˱߽ӣ¡
ƲһŮˣȻתȥ
ŹϵɲǣŮ˷·𱻳ڵأ૵ĽˡĽ𣿺ĽˡȴȥͫʧȥյĹʡ
ӵһŷŮֵ̿ĿһС
ֱƻ轵٣ĬȻŮվӣߵ̨tԶ˿̵Ĳٸ꣬ʹ࣬еֻǰꡣһĻĻ̣
ɰʱͦΣüհĿеһȪӲУʱѰġ
ɰټï飬ɾȻҵİĽϽˮֹȼʱˣ϶㣬Ǿޡ
ɰ֮ǽᷢΪޣɡϸϧʱϲΪǿִ֣֮ϡ
ɰ󣬶·˿ϣƾȴ²ĵˣޣˮʱ
ת˲䣬ɢǰȺɫ޹գ׳۶
Ϧ޺ãֻǽƻ衣
Ůĸ̨ȥҲڹٶƶš֮ǰĸײӣҲҶĸվŮͻȻȻһֲԤСţŮĸ̨ˣ˲䣬Ůͫͻۼĸ׵һԾ£ʧС
סˣŵĿһС
󲽵̨ܵǰӶ£ֻʮ¥ߵһССϰſڵ˿
ŮǰһڣʶĻ˹ȥ
ҲŮԸȱݵĺӣҲȻֻһС˿ĲȻǶأĸĸһеʱǷ뵽ǻиӡ

1-1

ΪУҲڹƨ磬ȴҲһĲֵ
Ҷһе࣬ее棬еƤìŮˣʱЦʱᷢƢһѵŮˣȴûа֡
ԭȥԱߵˣǷ˵ظƴУŵֻʵĿм仹˺üáҶصˮʺֱо飬žձһֹͣ˲ӿˮʱޱȣֻķХ̧ͷ㵵ĿҶ
ˣԼؿڣȶٵ
ʲôÿ޵ģ֪֪ܳûİһۡ
ʲôÿ޵ģǣ˵˵ɣĿһᣬŸղŻûᡣʧҮ϶ʲôʧȻôô飬һ䰲οĻҲϡ
ʵϣҶȷʵ֪ʲôʧΪûϱͲԶİ飬νİ鶼ƨӸһֱѧֻһÿŮ֮İһЦ־磺ûŮΧתʧģŮû׷ʧģһҶˣôһˣҳ㷹ȷ黹죬ǿĵమҲǰʲôģҲİˡ
ǰһѧУϵ£ϲ뽹ϣͬѧУٲȻһԽͯŮһǸŮԼѽֻ̤ҲñӣĽȻǷ֡
Լĸĸһ˿ʹ֮ĸôãһҸһԭֻǾˮ£һѣˡ
ǽӽŭıԵˣˡ
յĶĤһ£ССĸζһ£ӡһ£Ȼ޵ĸˣҺŶʳָָָǳָеĲ
СѧΨһһĴõѣûôףĵʱ򣬶ߣ谲ο ȻΪյе㶺еȱۣҲеɵе档
ˣ˰ɣε˵š
ģ̧޺۵СԲشſǻʡ
ͷ
ҪóԵġսš
á
Ǻ
ǺǡҵСˡնʱЦĴġ
鵱Ȥвбһۡ
ѧУҲ󲻵ȥСбҪôЦҡҡͷ
̫ȻպףͬѧǺ䤱˽γһķ羰羰еʦɵɵֿ죬Ϻһӡٷ֮ʮŵѧͷпαƽʱŬѧ˿ҲΪùвôôһͬѧģͬѧԼĿαͷĿתľͬѧȻ׻˵
һСʱֻλŮͬѧȻ޲,һֱͷ顣ʱһһĹȥˣڣһƳŷĴڣ΢΢üչ ־ʲô𣿡ʡ
û¡֣عΡ
ͷ˼»صϵݣûãָоһ˫۾ڿ
־Ĳǹôʧ̬ģֻĺܸģã˵ְֵİ֢ȫˣֻҪƽʱúõıǲʲôģ֪ϢܸģϲáҲ˭ö˵ʲôֻô
ʵѧʼкܶ׷ǵʱҲûǷ˼ĵ飬УοСʱ£ǶһȺ壬һȶȹҲ᲻ˡ˴ѧкܶ׷ܣȴҲȶȣҲûǷŰ飬İᷢϡ˭ǲ׺һСɳûݸҲˣֻҪֻҪĵģƽƽȵĶȹʮ꣬Ҳ㡣
־ȴе⣬׷˵־õһʱ䣬ܺãʱ˶ҩתˣҲصصȻˣʼûŮ֮ĸ顣üΣȷĸ߹˵ϲģҲϲκˣ־ʹΪʲôȴĬˡ־ֻǵĶ˵һ㡣
Ȼˡ
̧ͷ־ۣ˵ǳȥл˵
ʰĵ뿪˽ҡ־εʰö

1-2

JУ԰ڽϱߣѧУǰһ峺ĺˮҶӭƮҡȻů磬ȴҲǿֵ趯š
Զܼ˵ӰϣͶӰӣȥǺгĵǶԣпŮϵı·ĵҲ١Сǰʯα߲ǰľɫĬš
һעǰĮ־ϲң𣿡
־û뵽ôֱӣһ£Ƭ̣ͻָ˱飬ܼᶨǣϲ㡣
Ϊʲô΢üͷܲ⡣
ʲôΪʲô־ʲô
ʹҶ㲻ãɱ˪Ϊʲôϲң㵽סڼʲô
־Цһ£̾˿ĿڣҲ֪Ϊʲôֻϲ˾ϲˣҲƲˣԸʹİɡ㲻֣Ҳ᲻֣ģҲģǣЦ绨Ҳ᲻üЦֻٿЦݡҵ̬ʱܣܾʱҸįкüΣҶ㣬ʱҵΪ㱼ۡ
룬Ӿ𣬽һƻģȻȴûֳɳĬţþòųصϢ
֪ҳܲ飬û취ͬĻرҲȥҲǷ飬ѹתֹ
ңû취𣿡־ضҲҪͬĻرֻңѵҲУʵĺСģһһ䣬ȴҲѵ³ɳϣĹâ
ۣȻ޵ĳ嶯ûһ˶ģ㶯ҡģҲ֪ĺãҲǸѪˣҲϣиǻֻǣֻиж뵢ǿһ𣬵ǻʹķʽʲôǰҲϻʲôʸ־İ飬ʹ־㶯ҡġ
ͻȻŤͷĵ㣬֪ԼԶ붫һգҲ飬Ҹ˵ĶѾ˵ꡣ
񾭽Щ˲̮ΪʲôҲŬʲôõĵطҿԸģ
ǣҵ⣬ܺãһŮֵãңֵáллΪһСһ˵꣬ͷҲش󲽵¥ȥ
־ԶȥıӰ顣Էŵ㣬ֺοˡһͬʱ־ûע⵽Ҷֱһ죬ΪСҵŵһ飬ĲŻͷβʱ뾡취ƵĹ˼Ҳʮֶءڲ֪УţУرƯȴеǵóʼ׷ʱּ˷ܵ顣
ͬѧŮѰɡʱϸ۾գգ͵ģ洺磬ʮ㡣ţӦģҲ˧
ҲҪҶޱ˦仰ˡ
ȻֵǰûӣҲǱˣЦݿ֪ĽΪϿң̫̫Ը˺ʮ׷ܡʱͣῪˮȱʱʼǡʹٶ࣬޶ԡʱ룬ǲϵ⣬Сһ꣬ǲܺû˵۷磬ʱΧеѣõĴ𰸶Ƿ񶨵ģͬѧΪʲôˣͻȻԼôûġ֪ԼǺ˺ĻָţȻǰǿװԼMenӣ龡ȥôɣǿ֪ġʱῴį˫֪ԭֻʱҲƲ֣ȥƽŵüġһ죬վڽѧ¥¥ϦҫıӰԵĸӵĹµĺͷȥӵһŭĿԣԺǾĻͬİ·
ʧȥǰţҲӵ˽ŮģӲĵЦǼЦǳЦͬȻ֪ϵ׷ʲô顣
ľı䣬ֻҪߣһģǿһԼĽᡣ

1-3

޺ƽϴˣϣԭΪĳ˵һ仰
Ҷ̧ͷ˼Ŀգ㻹ԭ
ǣҲ֪ô𣬰գձ쳤Х
ԭĻҲû·ֻҪ
ʵҲ˵Ļһ˽ֻ̤ôܱԭ¡ԭµһΣеڶΣɽ׸ģơ
û뵽ôʵһ¡
ûôءɣ
޺Ʋֵá˭ֵõģҲֻô˵ˣ;
ʱ侲ĵĹӺ󡭡
ʵ֪ģҲ½һԭ֮һʵ޺ǲôãǸ־ͦõˣûΪʲôأµѻᶼһڵġ˵󣬺ò̫԰ѻǺڵģûɫѻ˵аɫĽа׸ɡһ£ûмɫѻ
Ҽɫĸӡ
ŶȻ
ᵽ־ıʶ˶٣˼ʲô
ţ㶼أ
ûİ亦ʧȥҸǸɴûеõôʧȥ
ҳȥһ¡ġһ밮ȴҰĸôȥ
մӴص߳ţҪȥģ
޼ٺգĸıӰ¶ľۣȥοȴΪΪʲôֱڣлǲףΪʲôȱļҵĽ֧飬ҸȥˡϡֳһƬΣǷŵӰƵһһˮ档
£ְָʲôҶһţͱŮ
Ǻǣְ֣ôѵõŮȻԵĶҡСû˵꣬־ͲҶһֻץȥҶε֣Ů£Ѷݸĵͷѽ
ϣҶ쿴ζ˱ǵļȣȻתӣ̵ҸͷһԵĺݵߣɬĿҶ죬ſڳ¡
ߣСſǳԴˣµְ֣ƫģҲҪԡ
ҶбŮһۣЦ˵úúãҲһ顣һŵСĵЦ
еһҸǽߣǲҸңɼģݳ޵ġʲôҸԡϵ۲ѾȨ׵ĸһΣ
Ҷ죬ǲŮˣĸڷڴţ˯еСˣ۾ĵĴӴӾŷߣͼĸϸ֪ʲô¡
֪ˣҲáƽ
ôĸ׿޺š
Ĳ϶ġ
׼ߡҪȥġ׼ߡôˡ
ȻšءһһƽȻ󰲾ʮ룬ĸһεĺޡ
֮ʤֻ֪ԴԺԺҾͱˣôİôĿ¡ֻһںڰɪɪ
ֱ죬˵ĩաȫȻĸܡ
ߵҺ壬ΪǿˮǲŲôԽԽأ죬ȻˣĲѾôԼأ֣ԳЦЦ
¿ʱ䣬־⡣
ôղԵʡ
ٻؼ𣿡
Ŷԭ°һЦǺǣ˵Ҹ㣬ʲôôأ
龫־ûԴԷô
㣬˵ٲؼҡ
ģ
һңֺİڳֲ档
ңôһɴС㡣־æҪǵ´βͺ֪ĺܶСϢֲֿԡ
⻹ࡣ
ĩˡͬѧܱʼ飬еͬѧҧűʸü˼ڤ롣Կ죬еͬѧҪˣںˣһжˣˬ
¥6024ֳһš
ˣҲ֣ҪʰһĻ𳵣˵ݰͰ͵
ǰ㲻ؼҵĻҪˡѽҵıӰôٲؼң赣ǡѧ̬ΩΩФ˶ˡ
ðƤУѧ裬ˣҴ㡣׷ȥͶ֡
⺢ӣ治Тһģ˶Ц
ˣ죬öúõʰ־ͣЦȰš
ֹͣ˴֣ʰ·˴綯Ĵ綯С˵ĿС˵
ʣǶؼҡ
ɵϲŻؼңѧУãûΣû˹ܡֽûûε˵š
ҲôáҲš
ⲻǼӵ˵ɵֱۡĿ־ܲôŲؼҵİɣ־أ
ңһ£Ҳȥ
֪㲻ȥʵΪʲôû¡
־Ĭˡ
Ƥ㲻ʣֻһǾĳŮˡҶ˵
Ȼĵͷ־˵£е
ֽҡҡͷ治ôϲǸŮˣˣο׷Ů£ļ£ƷĲѧòһһŮΪֺαصһءֹףҲס
һŮΪΪ⣿־Ĭš
ҹֵģ֪ˡ֨֨֨֨ľҽУ֪ʲô조֪֪֪֪ĽУô֪жʹж࣬жƣɵɵĽţеԽԽ꣬˯˯á

2-1

ţٲؼˡ߳Է˵š
ôؼңѧУ£ŵĵʡ
ǣ׼ȥ򹤡
ûǮŸȥͺãȥ򹤶ۣãҡ
ǣһѧھҪҵȥʵϰеĹ˾ƸԱȶѡйģǶԼĺʱΪԺ̵档
ҪúչԼҪ۵ԼȱǮͺ˵֪𣿡
֪ţټ
ټ
˵绰껹ꡣǸТĺӣԴȥ󣬾ź⹫ûкúõТ˳ǣʵ˼ӦûؼȥǶϵģһؼҾͻȥﶼڸ¥ֻҪڼͻ᲻ԾǣȥһŵţѰζҲҺ⹫ǸӵܣǲԴҲ²ٵĵġ
ˣʼҹ
ӽ쿪ʼҵ˽飬ףʦ
סԹԵĻش죬˰Ҳûҵ˼죬Ŵ绰˵ҵһݹȥϲʡġ
ʲô֪𣿡б಻վĽǶȸպöʮȵĽǣӵĶ˵
Ӧ֪Ǻܿ϶ĻشûڵӾϵǿ
֪֪֪ǲ֪㵽֪֪ҸȷеĴ𰸡Ŀŵĺܡ
֪ˣ˭ϰ塣
ھͿʼɡİ칫ſֱߡ
Ŷ
ϣǺģѧƵģôȤ飬ûӢӣ
ͻȻһ
һ㣬ҪȥͻԼʲôطţǸƵʲô֣
ʲô
ʲôʲô㲻֪һԼ˿ͻʼɫ
֪Ӧ
ôģ㷢?ȥ顣Ǳˡ
Ŷ֪ˡһͨæʱ
Ƶꡣ
ú£ҪͷԵġ
顱һǿҵĲűˡ
ٰ̫ˣҰοš
صѧУѾߵӣû뵽ǻ۵ļһĿԴôáһңһͷԵڴϣ绰Ĳֽӵĳ
Үˣʱմſڽһ۱ɵڴϡ
һ֣ۡĻش
ģˣӡ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ȥԣʲô
㣬ǹûʲôθڣҪ̼¡
á
Ӧţȴס
ա

лл㡣
ջӻЦЦ֮仹ʲô
ó𣿡Ե̵ģζ϶ձ̿ˮš
óԡһţݸգſڳ¡
ǺǣȷʵóԵġ
ƺʲô飬߲˲䡣
û°ɣ̽̽
û£ôˣ
ȥ裿
ǣ
ǡ
ǻ˭
ҵѡ
еģ
еģýȥģ˵Ҫȥưɣ᲻ͬ⣬ԾǸ˵ص㡣
ýȥʲô
룬ҪŻһŮӣܲȫģ˵Ҳܰһ˹Ʋѽ˵ԲԡĴ󷢵˵
Ҷʶȥ𣿡
ûϵֻҪͺ㲻ǳ質ĺܺõ𡣡
ʲôðҳĸҶ˺ܴ۵ĸò˵㻹ʲôĿģüգͼûط㡣
ûû˵
գһҲʮ˰ɣ۾Ҳ֪ʲô
Ǻǣôң˽ҺúúøжŶ˵һҪȥŶ
˵ƭȥиһꡣ
Ǹý˵ʧ밲οңҽܸѣȥҲıı˵Сġ
Žɵʡ
ǲţæָ֧״
ðɡ
ޣ̫ˣӦˡЦţʵҲȥʶȻ־ģܲһֱհŰɣȥ̬ġϲ־Ҳ־˵Ĺϵǲǿģ㣬ʮֵס
бҪ˳У˵ϵϰ࣬㲻̫Ҫ֪𣿡
֪
ʲôʱȥ
ŵ㵽
ʧ㰡ƭȥˣҶ˵㡣

2-2

ý㡣Ǵɤţû˾
ãˡλСǣ
ŶҵѼҶСĵĶգգۡ
ȻӣҶС㣬,յý硣´Ҷ
á
ǽܡλҵѽ߽ٿ壬ߵ̷ˣ°ɡ
ܿģվͺٿˣϳ˺ü׸衣
ͱȽΡ
ҶСڶѧ̷ʼһ⡣
ĮĻش
󼸣
ġ
Ŷѧʲôרҵ
ơ
Ŷ
̷ʲôʹʲôҼһ־Ͳ˵һ֣ȻǾʹڶݵĳĬС
ҶСƽʱʲôҵమá̷٣ٴһ⡣
ûСĺ˵
ôûУƽʱģҵȤÿɺܶࡣ
Ŷ
ҶСƽʱô˵еͲסˣôŮˣƵġ
ǰҳȥˡ
볪ʲô裬Ұ㡣ƽʱװʿȹ˵̷Ǻк˵
ãԼ
һԹ۲˺ܾõĽʵںЦôôĮŮˣͬǸˡһţע⵽ˣģڲͬҵһָ߹ʣһֶصɫ϶˵ǡ֡
죬˲ûкһЩʻڹ·޼ޱߣ뿪Լĸо
ĸʱе˶ˣϰΪաɤ׸˱쾡·ĵ꣬侳ĸоʹ
ӵĺ棬ǸرŮӡ
һֱ浽賿һ㣬ʵܲˣؼҡ
ǸҪˡ
ô᣿ʵ
컹Ҫϰࡣ
Һһȥսŵ
ǣôŮΣյġٿԸ令ʹߡ
һߣ翪ʼ쭡
㲻ҪΪû֣һϵĿⶼעǸҶϡ
Уԩ
㻹˵ûС͡
ɵϣԴǿ棬㿴ǵ̷ͬ־Ūĺûء٩Ҵǻҵ˵еĳЦ
㻹ЦŮ˻湻ģҶмܲסˣ治УȻŮ˲ҡ˵ıɽˣҪҲա
ٳģ˵㲻ˬˮ룬ŮȷʵиԣҲע⵽ҲЦ
˵Ǹеô˷ܵʵ
ĸеģһֱǸˣûоƵģŮѵ棬治Ҫ
ĸǸٿ塣
Ŷûرע⡣
ôܲעҽҿѽ
ˣԺɡ̫ۣϴȥܵôȥעĸ˵ġ
ðɡĺ۵ӣˣһ
ڶ糿̫սʱʵ˫ۣͼȴͷ۵죬ˣȾˡ
һӣ찡ŵ㣬Ȼû
ѽ군Ҫ
æϴˢ
ļӻ󣬵ڶϰͳٵǲǲˣɫࡣ
ǣԲû´ˡ֤š
´Σ´Σ͵ųɡ
顱
Ѿǰ˦Σ¸졣
бҪôҲҽͽͣȻĽͻ˵Ļ̸ֱˣôΪ˿˾˱Ǯʿϰġ汿֪Ҫġ
߯ĵ绰߯ļҪһҲƣģôҲôۣѧУСϣѾûж뷨
ߵһʱ򣬱һ֧ͻָ˹ȥ˵šһ̧׿ȥԭ־
ҪȵǸȥˡ
ŷ·ǰиСĴӡ
лл㡣
ţԺ·Сĵ㡣ǸչڵģҪͨˮ־͵
Ŷ
ɫôôɫʼüĴᡣ
𣿴ǹ۵ġ
ҪúϢӦǸ°࣬°ࣿ

û
ҡҡͷ
ȥԷ
ãѾ˱㵱ˣټ
ҴææȥıӰǲġǻֻܾмģȴҲ ΪһҪĺ⣬Ϊѵ¡
ֽܽһȥΣȥձ鱾ͷͻȻ̧
룿һҲ崺泩
ȥɣǴҲ¿ȥʿ
šǺðɡ
ôôֵĿ
ƽʱ˵ͷб
ÿֲŶǲ˵滰æǵƽˣǺǡ
У˭ϡЦĿ
ȥĳԣæͽȥ
ȥ


2-3

ƣ͵ֵɽ壬ܵĲţȵ̫ƽĺˮٲ赸ĲãʱǱһƬŨ񱣻ţɳʯĿʳ
죬᲻῾㿴ˡղĴ󺰴еУôԣں̬ȣʵǺܲ⡣
˲źó԰㲻᲻Ҫ˵ԣ㻹ô໰Ŷʳרң
˵׼ٿҲڵĶ㡣ŮӶڲ֣ƫƫնֶ֣㿴㿴ֽܶŮѣ־ϸģأôԵң㿴ⷬǸ˳Ե𣿡նİĶֱüͷ
С㣬ô³вֲҵŮѣҸҪϸġлУôǸ˳Եġ
˶ǰ˻һԶʮֵΡ
ɲô˵ģ־ҲѣǶͺϸİ
Ǹ˵Ĳ˵˵ƴ˵
εĺܲڵ־ѿõ㳦ݸӹСĵлԹԶﶼַˡһ˭֪־׷ķ񾢣ϵ׷־ŮǶ֪־ϲǸ˳̶ȣһʮʮ٣ȫѧУ֪ǵ飬һģ־ĸ²ܰ׷֡
ǣ־ϲҲϲ㰡㶼ֲ壿Խ˵ԽԽ˵Խ𾢡
㲻ҪƱ磬ûоӸеķȡû˵УôͲϲˣϲҵġԽ˵ԽͿԼ֪Լ˵ʲôĿɿڴĿգǲţǴġ
ҲЦˡΪֹǼ־ֻóֳ֣գʲôҰ㿾˵
Ǻǣ־ֺã˳˧ĵҲغãᣬе˲òĳǺǣҪԿ׵˵տĵĵ
־ʼޣȴˬˣ˭òĳšɲô˵Ҳ൱˹ĵġ
˵ôô𣿡װ޹˵ţĳƿԣܴܲ˵ɡ
Сߡ
ٺ٣Ϸ顣
ʲôϷֽܺʡ
Ļðա
˶ͬˡ
һֱϦǲŽС
Уſڵˣҷֵʱ־ס

ţס
л˵
ŶһЦݣ־ֲ˼ġ
Ŷ
У԰徲ˬСʯ·ϣܿɹʡ
־ӰóһսεĵݸȻԼе̬ǿƣգۡ
ʲôסˣʲôеƣ㲻
ʲô˼ûнӹȰԼͷʽ
㹤࣬а
ģȻ򡭡
Ҳաæܾ
Ϊʲôֳ״ʵѾʲôΪʲôˣ־š
Ҳֶˡʵǲ˵̬ۣҲƷսô԰׽𰡣ã֪ս԰׽𣬲ȻҪѪ
޹أѵ֪ɫܲÿ۵ģ
Ϣһ¾ͻõġʵжģĸ޹ؽҪΪء
ǼȻˣ¡˶岻лġ־ʼĵȰ˵С
ǡ
ÿһ㶼ֻҪҹ㣬ͻ᲻ڣҲûǿʲô˵
˵Ҵѹʵǲ˵ֻüͷ
Ҳûǿȥҡ㣬ҪپܾңĲҪѹԸģԲңٸҹȨ˵˵͵ѣԣչֱΪֹ𣿡
Զѵġţķ·˵ûӹ־۶β˿̵ˡ
ҿԵȣȵĽΪֹ־˵껰ͰѶϣҵ⣬°ɣ벻Ҫҽ˵⡣
ˣȴסˡʲô˼ҿԵȣȵĽΪֹ
صᣬûع
ĺںġ
ں죬ôûҡܵҡ
û
ŵʲôߵǰһսסˡ
ģһ룬ԣղŻûУѧУСҲⶫ
Ү־İɡ˵ǿ϶䣬ൣ־ǹ㰡˵ϣɡ
˵ջǲ˼ķһĨ졣
Ķ˰ɣϽģɾûˣʱɲҪڡ
˵־֣ƽʱҲɹģô׷Ůôʧܣ쿴žɥ־εķ̾
ô˵Ϊ˵־ǾرĿ޵ˡ
ҿ־⣬϶Ҷ⣬Ǹ˶Ӧñ־ΪжôǸŮ˾޶ԣ˵ǲֽͬԼ°ͣ²˵
ֽܣ㲻Ҫ˵־ֽܺô˵ܲˬˬҲôʹǸһģ϶ǡ
ҲϹ𡣡
˵˵ҲС
úúãҲ˵ɰɡڵ
־᲻׷̫ˣģθڡԼĽۡ
˵θڵôõģⲻǷ𡣡
־ȥϣ֮ò˵ֱֽܸϨˡ
ҿǣҿ̬Ȳ϶׷˵ķʽ⣬˵ⲻʺҪҸݳϷ´ףԼĸ顣콨
⣬𣿡־һ˷ţһԥš
ʲôʵģŮˣҲϸñ̼£ȻΪ͸ñˣ棬ⲻ֪ǽ
ֽܣ㲻Ҫ²û˰㵱ư͡־û˵
˭ⳡϷգ

2-4

磬Ҫ°ʱǸȻϿҪõģá
žһѺһֽôԸԼƨˡ
˷ǶѶεˣƽʱõԣдģ
ɡ
һ۵½ǵʱ䣬ѽʮ㣬ôˡ
ࡱ
Ƕ﷢öŶôжԣˣҳɣҹèӿ϶û˯ǼꤵĶš
˵ԣȵĵƣඡ
һ¥ʱû뵽һˡ
㣿ɡɣڵݿŵǿ̣ϳһ۾ͼˡ
ĿǣĿΰ˺أ˼õûע⵽ݵſҪϡǵһôôһеģ˿治ס
棬ǲɣҺλ׵ۼֹֿǵĽϡȻݵ߽ݣʮ¥һεģ¥ȥˡ
ʲôع񣬿Ķ֮ʵ
ȥûЦеĿ
ҵȻ֪Ӧȳȥģ֪ҵĿĵ¥¡ĵ
㷢㶵ʱ̫á֮ĴûҪȨ
ݵˡ
˳һ䡰ʲôġȻ밴һ¥ťһαֹסǴְӵϳ
ν˵ңһ
ЦΪʲôҪ㰡˵꣬ʹ߽ݡ
ܺášֱߣɴ㡣տʼо
֡ѣȴ޲
ţſҪߡ˵Ÿƿ󲽴󲽵ǰߡ
˺Ү߲߹ʲô£ֲʶ㡣ǲʲô̬ɫħһñƤ
ܲð칫ҵˡǽϹǿӡ
ʲôǹ˾ܲáУƮĶߡ
ú룬ֱΪֹ˵š
ǣΪ˭ҸҪ㣬ֲʶ
úļߡ
벻𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Ҹʾɣƻ衣
ƻ裿ƻ衭һֱתţëúõĶ˵ƻְĪڻƻʱϵģ԰ǵѽģʵղſʱҲԼ￴˲ʲô
ýѣ̫ȷеʣʱеĺܶĵģĶĺܣŮѻɫԵĶ
ˣ룺Լ
Һֻһ֮Եѣֲ죬ʲôҡӳֲʮ֡
˵ݡ
ĸʲô
Сʵû˵ֵͼ⣬֡
ˣ΢΢鶯ǺúСŮӼƽϡǺðɣ
ôôʡ
Ĵϰ壬Żشġ
㲻ѧ𣿡
ڴ򹤡
Ŷиô͵ǹ˾ĸ
ڣۡ
͵Цɰ
ɰ֪Լе뷨ѿڶ
ʲô㶺ˣɰ񾭡Цֳֺܺıһӷ顣
Ǻǣϳ
Լ򳵻ȥ
ô˺Ѵ򵽳ġ
ġʵڲʲô
Ů˹µġϳ
ιǲǺϲӲϹ
ҲιֵģˣֻһΣסˣҽн
˭ְ֪㲻״İ׳ˡ
๾ࡱʲô涪Լûô
Եɤ̲סĵЦ
ЦʲôȻ֪֪ʣǾǳڶˣռˣ涪
Ӷˣ
ⲻ֪
ǳҹȥ
Ҫ
кóԵġ״˼š
Ҫ³
֪ˡȥǳ԰ɣżȥԹǵĶܺóԵģʮСʱӪҵĻ߷硣
˵Ҫ³û
³Ȼ߻ȥʵ
Ҳ¡
˭˵ҵµģǵԱôһ˻ؼңһˣɾҵĴˡ
Ҷ˵¡
ˣרĿ
û뵽ô߼ĵطҹ
겼õĽ̻Իͣĵƣ߼ĲΣʵǽϻıڻ
롣ľԳӭӣΪǵĳͣԷ ĸʶ
ӲϽȥܲڡ
Եʲô
ʲô
ʲôȻܽг֣һеôУ֮⡣
ʲô
Ҫ
ֻЦЦ
һݶνʯ㣬һȻϺһ峴ˣһݺŹǣһľѪ࣬
õġ
ϲ˿㡣
ǡҪʲô𣿡
ãե֭
ԵƬ̡
һƵĺܣǺӵģһֱȥģǶδ̫˵㣬ǸԵİɣһ˲ҪѰɣֻǵڶμ棬ҪǮҲǣ϶ҪǮôģİˡ
ķ̬ȵܵϲ˵ٶҲ죬ĲζɫĲɫֱ̿ˮ
治ԣ
ԡ
ţǺóԡһŹǣζĳš
Ϸݵɫģ鵽λԲѡʳרˣȥԱƵš
ٴμһ⣬ڱǰһ£鲻Խĵ㡣Ȼ˿дԵɤٴε͵ЦһţٴһȻֱû취ֻðԵζǺüˣ㻬ۿڡ
㡭
ó԰ɡóԾͶԵ㣬˷˶ϧ
ǡ²ȥۡ
ȥ˵ʲô
һǮġʵܲס˵ջ󰡡
εû뵽˵仰ֻҪúùͺˣҲȱǮ
˭㡣ˣٲҪˡ
ҲٺʲôʱǮǣΡ
ѳˣݵġ
С֪Ǹɧˡǳ˰ɣҹĺȦˡ
һٷԵ㣬ζܡ
ʲôѧУ
J󡣡
ҹ·ʮֵĿûʮӾ͵ѧУˡ
һǮģллˡ
ȥǰĻ͵ûˣȥϢɡ
ݰݡ
ݰݡ

3-1

Ƥأܳƣ͵˫ۣȴôҲ˯ţԺﲻͣŸղųԵǶͣȻ⹫ǮģһǮѣԹôĶοеļƷѪࡣ찡ǲǷˣʹǸˣö˶˵ĸˣһͺӵܣ϶֪һٶƽϰ˵ǶôݳޣѪ
أֹͣ޼õĻ룬˯״̬
峿ʱǻɵģĪ𣬲ܰߵ㡣
򿪴Ȼϸɴôڲϡ
գˣͰһΡ־ధ
вֵҲĳ
գҲ֪Ҷģ㿴ģңûҡ־ԭϷƵĻһס
룬ӦòûеİɣҲǸŮˣҶжȥģοʱ˵ءȷʵĬҲ߯˵㣬һõľôˣ̰ΪѣҶ˼ˡ
ǰڣҲֻǸյˣŮĵͬģҲΣ죬ҪǸжˣͺһˣһ֮Ҿİҡҵ̴̫ˣԸҲ̫Ըˡô໹ǶҡЩԼԸѽҲԹʲôֻǣңǲҵķԣһͻԼġҲԸ̫ٶۡ־˵Ķ飬ĸж
ҲûпܣֻǣûҲûãжʧˣô죿ʵˮģֹֻ̫ۣи׼
ûô࡭־ԳһЦ
ǺðɣҰ㡣
ģлл
ĵ˰ôһҪжģģ˷ܵµӡϲҲͻᰮˣϧΪĹ̫أڶʵûʲôȤ˵ć״һһۣǺʵڵ㡣
ҵû
ͻȻǰһ·ûУǣһһ
ˡ
øҡ
ӵһóU̵ݸ
ֵʲô
U̡Īʶ
֪ỤҸ𣿡
㲻Ұϸ𣿡
˼ȥ᣿˼Ŀ
ȻڲǿƼܷģ᲻Եģ⹫˾ܴӡ
ûӣûҪõģ
ֱˡ
ȥӡһݣȻõ¥ϵĻҸҡҵȥᣬ㶯һ㣬֮øңȥ
Ŷá
վڴӡǰ棬Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣΪԼǰ׳գԼ˵ѧϰɼ˵һ㣬Ϊʲôλʱϱأҿһ첻ﲻˬǿɺ޵ļһ
ϕNƵĵһں͵ڶڵĹ̵ĽΣѯʵ
һڹƻҪ깤ڶڼƻºͿԿֵľı
ʱҪץ㣬
ڽʱ

ӦȥеôʱͿˣˣļ
Ҵȥļݸͳˡ
˼ңܣɡ
ǾҪʼװ顣ʲô뷨
ҾӦȴӾƵĶλ֣ǼƵĻҪ򵥴󷽣ǼƵĻҪ߹Ȼ󡭡
Ҫȥʱ򣬽ĻͣһͣϕNƵǵϕNڽͶʵĴĿJʮǼƵ꣬ϣװⷽͻƣƵϵù˿ǰһӾЧڶƵӱʻǸ޴󹤳̣˵ǲģҾ֯һС߻һĿ

鵽˽Ұ칫һˡڹ˾ĸϰ࣬ǵȫѹ
Ҷ飿żɽʡ
ҵ顣
𡣡š
ô
û£ĹΣ
һ˵㣬ͷ۵Ŀԡ
ŶôϣǺġ
ѽҶ˵ˡȻˣϲϰĵһͳٵκ鶼ҪȥЦãҶ˵쿪ҪõģǰˣɽҵʱʲôңỤģҶˣȥӡǰɣǻҪá
̫ɰˣЦͣ϶Ϊοõᡣ
ôЦôЦôġš
ǸҺò
ʲô


3-2

ߵߵߵǰ档
ʲô£̧ͷʡ
ȥİ칫ҡмĿ
ȥ𣿡üš
Լȥ˾֪ɶܲڡ
ŶҰЩþȥ
ˣЩޱ˵š
ʲô̫߳ˡ
ȥ㻹ýԵǲǣĵĵ
ŶǺðɡܲһ̬ȶõ㣬ǷǮƵġ
ûԶ߹ţ֪ʲôϵô׳յ齹ܶҪ
ݳ˵ʮ¥һԭǴȥǮ˵Ȼ¸ˡǣִʮ¥صһ¥
վȡǰʱһΣͨʱһɲǣ۵ķǧԪʱ˫ɪɪǸɱǧģûҪǮͰǸźÿصţþòȥǮƵģߣ߸ͷ
ʮӺ
žડһȻʮŴ󳮺ϵȻǲ죬ļ ϸ΢֮
ʲôЦӭһʾԵľٶ
ķǮΪҲгԣһ룬һ룬ǮˣҿˣĮвβ˵ҩζ
ĻͳЦ
Цʲôüܲĵһӡ
ˣҲǮġš
𣿡
ҲûʲôǸְ
ΪʲôҪְʡ
ţи֣պλÿȱҸڡ
ҪֱӾܾȻ⡣
ΪʲôĻش
﹤ĺܺãܲðֲǺ𡣡ҲҸɣ˺֣Ųȱ֡
ô˵Ǳ߹Ĳô˳ЦЦ˵š
˭˵ģУ֪
ŶϳҸղź죬İİͿʼ˵ˡ
Ǹŷɣ϶˲ҵĻɣȻҪҵ֡
û˵ʲôİɣ˵жɰοϣܿ㡣
ʲôɰӽˮˡ˷ۣɰİɣҲǸɱǧĻ˵ɰ
Ǻǣѧʲôרҵ
ơʵĻش
պãİ칫ҾǡָɳĵطѧרҵԵסθڣӴĿ˵Ǹ
ûдӦ
ûѡ񡣡˵ҡʳָ
㲻һҪʲô
ĹֵĹʲһף
ǿʶϰ壬ȷʵѡ
ʲôεš
ȡƵ־ȿЩ
ЩЩȣҿЩ
Ŀǰ˵ǿͺá
ɳϿ飬ҲʼȫȥͶ뵽С

3-3

ʱһһĹȥ־Ľֵ֪ѾȥСʱ
С㡣˺ð죬ûӦֻðеߡ
̧ͷȥ
ҽü㶼û
ôˣְû
Էʱ䵽ˡֱָ
ô°ˣҵȵȥԡ
Уúһȥԡ˵Ͱе߷ɳǰĲϣȻ־ߡ
ιʼħצ
óԷˡ
Ӵ֪
ĻԹԵķˡ
ԼȥԡͻȻð˻
Ҫһȥԣһ顣
üᶨ˵
˺þãȻ˵Ǻðɡ
ʵǵֻ鲻ԷҪһԡ绹ҪԼͻ̸⣬ʱϺܽȡ
ǰһ䣺һҪԷŶݰݡ
ôİĪǡܣܣҡҡͷǸ뷨ѾŮˡοʲôʱʼأ
ԴĹ˺ܶ࣬벻챻ҲԽӴϲ飬ʲôҲ顣⼸ѧ֪ܶʶЩ֪ʶѧУѧαûеġϕNƵĿǽİӣҲŶѧϰֽеӵܣԴ̬Ŭʱǻڹ˾Ӱࡣ
ھ¥С߰˸ΧԲεӱҵۡ
ҾռӦԽɫΪɫɫԵô󷽺͹ˮ͸ʯ˵ӾЧԵøûʡ컨׹˵š
Һ⼸컭ĲͼͨĻάͼ˵ŰѲͼøҿ
ͼ֮󣬾컹ǣÿƵ꼸ʽװĲ͹Ը߼֮⣬ʵڶƵеϾܶռìͷ
һʲô飿ʡ
ҸΪڴٲΧڲǽϣ߶ȿԴ¥ʼ¥ǲ¥ǽʣȲӰ쵽˯Ĺ˿ҲۡСŷ
ˣָܼš
ҵͼϳһʦڳˡ
Ϊ

ˡ

ʵ֪ڴ˵˷ʱ˷ÿ˵רܲһ
վУſڵͻȻʲôʱʼŨŨĻʵûʲôȴվ̨ɵɵЦ鳩ĳȻܵܵ
գʲôôģƽʱܵ˾ͲŶʡ
ǺǣҿİҺøˣұ
ʲôֳЦòҲ΢Ц
죬ǺǣҸˡüɫĸ
㲻ǺǸʲôţýܵǸеһ𣿡ôɳʲôʱ飿
˵ٿ壿
֪Ӧ
ûУֻѡ
֮ʲôʱģô֪ǲͷҲ̫˰ɣŲա
ÿ춼ȥϰ࣬ʱҵŶ״ưԹĿ
ѾͷԴף
װСϱӡ
Ǹ׸ɣ
ҪϹҪȴ׵ġ
ȥȣ
ҮϹϢˡտϢģ˵ҪȥӰ˵
ѽҵֻֻ֮ͻȻԼֻ
ôˣϸҡ
ûСиҵĵطûֻ
ǲҲҡ
롣ʼϸ룬Ҳȥʲôطӹ˾ҾͻˣǲǷڹ˾
ϰȥɣ
Уҵȥûֻû
ҵġ
˭֪ʲôʱҪӵġҳ϶Ҫʱĸ㷢Ϣ
˵Ҳе
ȥԼᣬùҡȥ˹˾
Ǻã·Сĵ㡣
ãĿģݰݡ
죬ȥ˾ˣʱôһ治ġ
ôٻȥ˾
ֻˣԡ˵˵ţʲô飬ͻȻ˰˷֡ѽ⡣
ʲô飿һһէġڶ䣬һ
Ұǽˣô죿
ҲֵУ
ҴӦ־һϷġ
ʲôϷڶŮѣȣ鲻ˬ˵
ôȴӦ˵㲻ܿע⻹Ү
ܾԼҲ˼οҲ־йϵҪΪǻһ
֮ϷԣҲҪҲμӣ㻹ҵŮѣȥ־¡
ֻҿȲϷģ˫նҪӰ֪࣬æʲôʱ䣬Һ־жˡȥ־£ҿǿѧ˵ȽϺá
ҿҶûգţ֮أҲǺ

3-4

ߵʮ¥ʱ칫ҵĵƻš
㻹ڹ
ôֻ
ҵֻ
ôֻˣ

ߵɳߣȻֻ
ҵˡ
ҵͺãҪٶģˣؼҰɡ
ãԼȥ㲻ȥ𣿡
ϕN󻮰ĥ¡
ŶҪҵİæ𣿡ǽ翪ݡ
ðרҵ֪ʶ˵ܸȻʵϰСƱˣǸ˻
߽߿ϵֽͼƳǦʻңȵʵѧƵģ
ЦЦ֮һȻ˾õģҲ֮һοôƣҲ뷢Ĳܡ
˵ͼǵĹ˼ٽϳԼ뷨ģǾǲ̫⡣
ʵ˵ģֻԼûʲôֻˣ˵Ӧûʲô°ɣôģֽľƵ궼ǲʽװ޵ķҲľûʲô壬Ҳͻ˵ϕNɫǿ԰ǼƵı׼йĻϣմĻľĻĻ֮ģͻйĻɫںװ޷ҪԼׯأҲҪԵõĴݳޣȻٽϹĻ
渵ӵӣҲסˣʵǱЦݾסˣԭǻЦġ
֪ҴûЦЦˣԭڽⷽĻʱŻЦ
ɵסЦˣԼôû֡
ЦƽʱӦöЦЦϵ˵
û¸Цֲɵӣš
ܺãһɵģһˡҶӺܶȥԶɡ˫ĨĨԵƣ쳣
Ҫ
ҪĶľˡ
ҳԷ˵ôѣ
ȥԶĵط̫ˣȥҪƲˡ
˵ġ
ҪҲϲǷ˼ҡ
ϼ³Էûɣ
Ҫ
Ů˻ִ
Ҫ˵ʱֻˣĻʾȻػ
𲻽ӵ绰
ֻûˡ˻ѣԭ򣬲֪˳ڶѣȥСԣܿԣ
ӺģǺðɣ۵ӣӦɣ伢Ҳõġ

ǺǡŽЦˡ
ҽҰȻЦա
ô˵ıֻصʼһˡ
ã֪ˣȥϴϴȵȡ
Ƚϴû˵иõطܸ㡣
кõطǳСԣС
ϰ壬Ҫġֱ߳ߵӱ߷ԸС̯ϰ塣
ۣôܳ濴
ǰû뵽Ҳ·̯Ŷʵʵ˵
ôҾûܳԣ
ôǮȻǾɽ亣ζȻĴ
һкöණ㶼ûпûϵеʱ䡣
ʵ˵ҲԣҹǸŬ֪󸶳Ŀ϶Ҫ࣬š
ҽ˺öණȥԡ
ȵȣҵĿ㡣
ҰãȥǱߵҡ
סϰŵŶ
֪ˡЦĿ
ͦܳԵġֵĿĮƤȻ̻ʵĳ࣬
ǣʳΪ죬ܳԵʱ;ԡ
ǲ㳤ְ
㲻֪𡣡Ļش
ǿƵĿǺ˲ŸôǱġ
Ժˣñ
ó𣿡
óԡ
´ԡ
á
ʲôȻôˬĴӦǲʶҶ
ȵȣȥ
ûãϷֱ롣
֪һҪĶԣζۻš̫óˡĳš
Ŷԣ˶סˡԴʱҲⶫˡ
û̧ͷȴһ붹ԷɫҲԵúܲҰףĵʣôˣɫôô
û£ҡˡĻˣæ뿪
̫Ծ׷ȥסȴû뵽ȻˡĴָȥᣬ۵ӵ뻳οԣޣﲻҺ𣿡
ƺûĻƵģҲ֪ô졣
˲ãİԲѧУ
á
·ûһ˵
лл㣬ټ
û£ӳƵұס
û£ȥɡԼ飬˼Բ𣬰·Ūˡ
룬ú˯˯ĳٵҲû£֪𣿡
лл㡣
һֱԽԽԶʧʱͻȻ롣

4-1

ĲɵĿؼҺ󣬵һ۱㿴硣
ĳʻڲٸɿݵȴ֮ŭӿͷݺݵĵŽ
޶ãҲû˵ʲôֻǵ˾䣺ô⣿ӣ㿪ʼ½ȥϴ裬ƨһĺ档
Ҵֻôӣػʼʡ
ֻû硣
㲻ǻи壿
ҷڼû
ãˡղȥĶˣʮӡ
û
ʲôʲôû㻹Ůѣ
ʲô˵ҽۡ
顱žˮ
ͲǸˣҲ飬˵Ϳп޵ģҲܸ׵Ӱ죬İְֶԴǻһҲĸܡǸ׻Ŵ׳˵ӦҵΪأû˵λʲôҲǡŸŬĹԴȴûңӡѾûˡż棬ʱȴǶݵģݵĺһյĹûС
Ҫ˾Σ˵ѹܴ󡣺ܶ˶˵ǿİְֲһ˾ôߵĵλս˾ʱ򣬼ÿԱƻӵ϶ʲôᡣΪ˵õ϶ÿ춼͵Ĺȵĳɼű϶
ûĸ׵չˣνûи׵۰νûһļңҲνһжϰˣΪʲôȻûбԹĸ׵뿪ûбԹ׵ϿûбԹиҵļҡȴУ˲ڲͬȤĮıȴǿɰĽɤʱʱ棬˵ǸЦݵԺ֮ȥˤʱߺĽģעһһСˮؿڣȼ壬գգգǻաᣬĲס³ĻῪʼ룬ˣԲںУںᣬЦһһûԼİһˣһǴ˵еһ顣̶̵ʱգϰĴڣô׾ٵ߽Ӱ˼άϰһҩһղʳ֮ȫղʳ֮ʹѵղʳ֮˼֮ϳ
ߵߵߵж˼
ôôã
Ƭ̣ϴּſˡ
ôûߣʡ
ôˣ̬ʵ̫
ҽۣȻȥɣʲô˵ƣ˵ţȷʵˣΪǸ󻮡
ҽסô㻹һŮӻȥ
㡣
˵ȥҲȥ
ңü͵ʡ
˯
ȥͷ˯ޱ˵š
쵽׷ʲô裬̫֣ҵ绰ˣԵ޹ʵôã̬ȶҵġǲбŮˣɵʵ
ǣǷ֡ߴߴĺ÷ֱ˵ˣһϡ
ʲôŵĿ
Ƿ֣˵Ѿˡ
ܣ㲻ܰϱŮˡƶǿ˵ҵҪŮ˭˵ʹ˦ȥץסһֻ֣룬˵̫㻹ȥ
˲ת磬ס˵ĵ㻹ǰҵǲ
͵ƿֻǵһ˻ȥʱ̫
Ҹ㣬ڵġ˵꣬ͷҲص뿪
ŭ뿪˦˦ͷϡ

4-2

峿ȥϰʱͿѾĬû顣
ô˯ĵʵ
ϰࡣ̶
ˣǲ˵ˡ϶ûָ
һ磬˭Ҳû˵һֱڰ칫ҵһŽϻδɵͼҲġ
ǵ緹Եǿͣһģһ仰Ǹæˡ
ʱſڣǲ֪һŮڴš
飬ǽ𣿡
ڣҰ֪ͨһιĽŮѣæкΪܿŮˡ
ãԷġЦ
ң
п𣿡
Сˣ
߼Ĳŵ֣֮ʳҲɴ
飬ʲôܵ㡣󷽵˵š
ãôóԵģҾͲ
ЦЦûϵ
飬ҿɲЩ£
Сͺã֪һ֪޲ԣ޲֪²Ǹ꣬ġ
æ翪ʼ⡣
ǰĵģûʲôʱ䡣
ûʲôرľٶ빫˾λŮԱӴĽ϶ࣿСĵš
е˵ǹ˾кܶڽܵİš֮϶ǳˡ
ŶʲôŰȤ𣿡װںʵӡ
ǽܺ˵õ֪޲ԣ޲𣬼ȻӦ˼ңҪسŵοԷҪõСϢ

԰ǰʱ䣬Ե޹ʰȻͰŸ
Ŷ𣿡
Ǿͺ֣ЩܵڣܻҪǾͲǵĹϵ϶һ㡣
Ŷ𣿡
ֻҪȥͣͻڰ칫֪ʲô˵û¿Ըġ˵ΪǸŮС磬󷽣ҾûǸŮЦԣĵƨ
ˣԵ㡣
á
⼸ʲôţ
šͻԼƲڹ˾Ӧ˼ɡ
ã֪ˡ
кϷඣֻš
֡
ʲô飿ߵߡ
ƵĲͼɡ
Ĳࡣһ˵ͻصԼλãȻԼͼֽ
ǣҵĹ˼
ͼۼҾ£Բһܻġ
ʲôʱʼ±ʵģ
ϡ赭дĴ
û˯ȵ

Ϊʲô˯뵽龰ǱսֹͣĻ䡣
㿴ˣҾĿȥȽϴ
ᣬ֣ⷽԵһôӵʦ˵ѾĺܺãЩطһԽġ
ܱ϶Ѿ㣬û뵽ôߡ
ڿʱ˸֮͡
ɲǣˣû뵽ӡͼסס
ǡأ벻ˣһġ϶еˣÿ˵Ķ࣬˾͸ˣǼֱһģӿ̳ģÿ˶һģһ
յý磬ôϲˣ
Ŷǣˡô֪ġ
֪ʡ
ǰڲڣ𣿡
֪ġյ˵š
ңǺûʲôɡ
԰ԻĸŮˡ
ʲô˼ü
װˣ㣬һϸƤôеϧĲЦ˵θڣֻʱԻգصҵߵġӵ˵š
ں˵ʲô
ҲԣŮˣȻϣԼǮˣҪסݣҴŲȥûǸʸҲ̫棬ʱĵŶţף˵ţǴüĿĽ̵á
ǶʲôŸűܣĽüͷʡ
ǻ˴Ҷһɢǵﲻ𣬡ûʲô
ĴţǸŮˣǷѵʣʲô
㰡û뵽ôǶõһЦ
˼Ҫദ˽˿ռģ뿪

4-3

ǿ˰ɣܵŮҶΨ²ҵ˵
ô֪Ů˽׼ÿϷĳAŮʵ
ǸŮңǷбŮ˰ɣͷſɵĵطǹ˾ʽܵҿ˵š
飬ɣӦҶĳBŮɵ٩
ȥЦ
ǸŮΪʲôȥ㣬ʵŮ˵ĻӦŶԣֲ֪˸ĳAŮʡ
룬Ϊһʵģǰ֪ôشĻҲ´һ̽ң˵ʵҲͻתĿꡣôʵʵ˵£ǻ
֪սΣĳAŮϧ
Ҿÿ϶ŮѴܵߡĳBŮۡ
Ҿã϶ŮѴܵ߻ࡣĳCŮۡ
ΪʲôĳAŮʡ
뿴˵ǮνŵԣǸҶʲôǽĶѡĳCŮ٩٩̸
ʱڲǵĻһӲʱǸװµӣ··ױĲױȻĶӡ
ԭԭѹղŽĻȫˡվھǰԼþãܵ˵θԳЦЦڹڸ涼ѧ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ쿪ѧˣ뿪ɡվ˺ܳʱ䡣
˵ľҶɣ˫ܵŽĸ첲
˵ʲô֣ûʵ
ôˣ
ûУԺҪȥ
Ǻǣôţֻѡ
㵽üʵ
ûУֻǲһԣϲ㣬֪ġ
磬ƻ֮飬֪Ҳܹ˵ˡ
磬֪֮Ϊʲôһ𣿡
మ˫ٴβĲӣӡһǡ
ֻ̫ǴʲôǰǾСһϣõԼҪĶԵΪﶼΧǶתǲమǰֻĿСǸǿƵŮˣϣ룬ǿʼ϶Էǲమ磬ϣǿԼѡϲˣͻʲôǰϣһܵ
û뵽˵ĻⲻǽҲĻÿɷ񣬡Ϊǰģ
Ұԥ˵𰸡
ƾʲôô˵ʣһˣǻϲģ˵ƾʲô
硭
ҲʣΪʲôе˶Ҫҡ翪ʼ󺰴С
磬ҡҲûС
ңǰְңүүҲңһҶȥȴṵֹ̂ҰְֵĲƲһҪֻһŬķܶҲҪˣǵƾʲôʼޡ
磬ԣޣҲûвҪ㣬ֻغѣԶҲ᲻Ҫ㣬ģҡ
˺ûֹͣ
ĺϲһȷȻƽʱ˵㣬˵㣬˵㣬Ҳǻʿɶֹģʵ˵ûֻҪԷһġںǰ֪֮İǰ飬֮˵ʲôŮ֮ĹĶԷҲûСֻ߳ĵĹѾûˡʵĺܴĲʧȥԵĻСȻĺܿɶ񣬵ܽôءԸڶϵѾ۵ģαػҪΪһǿˣγǣİɣһ㲵Ҳܡһҵ氮ⲻһֵÿĵ飬Ӧø˲ŶԣϧȴûУʧ䵹ʮʮʵ뷨ˣְɡ

ףǣ㲻׼ңҪʱһҪҵߣ֪û
֪ˣС㡣
ΪЦ
ˣû뵽ôˣֻôһⲻεǴְŵĴְš
ܣ
ҵĴְţһ¶лչˡϾҪѧˣҵڴ򹤵ʹ˽ɡ
Ҷ
ʲôţĺΡ

4-4

ѧУ⼸ҲöѧӼͬѧҲǼزعҡ
գ㲻Ҫô죬㿴ǿ˵ЦĿǰ˰ûԷƵĳࡣ
У㿴Ե촽Ķ㳦ˡղ˵
˽ң֪ϲģݽצ湻ζ˷ܵ˵š
ʱֻˡĻʾԥİ¾ܾ
˭ôӣպʡ
ûУʶġ
һĽͷð̣ðҲĵ绰š
һӹȥٴβֻӡеãܺá
Ȼŵڽѧ¥Ǳߵ㡣
ӵĽٴηϢҸղŴŮ¥סǵ¥£㲻Ļһ¥´ֱ֣Ϊֹ
ӦɣûյĲ롣ǵһ飬ǵģôе˷ܣеڴ
ŵüˡ
ȳȥһ¡ԡɣǾȻɳʳ鳤Сʱһûꡣ
ȥģ
¡
վ³̵ĽһЦ
ûܲ˵ңѾԱˡ
촽ô£ûлشĻͮͮ촽Ϳ
ԵġĨĨ͡
ĺ𣡸𲻽ҵĵ绰ʡ
ҸҪĵ绰òĻش
ҵġ߿ࡣ
Сװƨ֮Աǡ
͵ͳЦ
Цǣ
ι㵽Ҹ𣿡
㻹ǸεˣȻֽôҡӿóۺõİֽ
ȻҪ𡣡
̬ȲôãĵˣС㣬ʲô
ûУôʣֵĵ
˵Ļܳ塣
ûе¡ڵĻش
˼ˣëȻܵġ
˵ʲô̽Եʡ
ûС
ش̫죬Ҳƭٺȥѻһ˵
ϲ㡣
ͻȻĶףȻѾ֪£Ǿ׿ڶ˵оǲһ¶ƭ˵ģҲˣ棬漸ˡǸǧ겻һű顪Į
˶ڳĬУһӰ·ʱֻΧǶתҲǶֹͣϢڴ
Ůѡֻôش
Ѿ֡ǱŤģвС
תߣѸٵĳס֣ϲ㡣
Ȼ˵㣬ÿ۵ǵıؾ֮·

ҵŮѡ
ҪʱҪ˵Ҫ֣̫ࡣ
ƿԡ
Ҳ㣬ҿԸʱ俼ǡ˵꣬ˡ
ֱ˺ܾãվԭء
˵رģʲôԭҲ֪
־ܺãõľܾǴδζʯĳĻؾ
˵ƺһʱʱĻע
ͳڲͬЦǿѵ̬ȣֻʱ̬ȡǰԴȣҲǰᣬ˺ܶǰľٶ
ٺһƲס׽ĻرܣҴߡ
֪ǲνİֻ֪ԣȥܺһ
ǣڣһ죬ôγִҸ׹ʹ࣬˺ѷΣнвȴûıУ
֪ʣȴ֪ĺ塣ֻǻţһ죬һһ๤°ؼңһȥУˣһؼңһһԷһвĵһʲôĵһͺСʱǼһůҸ
Сʱ򡭡Сʱһ뵽СʱеζˣǰЩʲôʲô
ʧǰĻصң˶ڽζĳš۾ʱ˶һ֪ʲô飬ȥʱǺúõġ
ôˣշеļצĵʵҲչȥ
ûʲôǺǣǼԣȥϴϴ֣Ҳһԣղŵġ
Ŷá㶵Ļش
װԵĺܿģʵʳ֪ζս۲գûʲôۣšǱɳģš

5-1

֮ûд绰˵˵İɣѾʼ
ѧĵһÿʦ͸ǲһСҵռпԵİٷ֮ʮ
ĳʦʦ飺Фһ飬պһ飬Ҷ־һ顭ҵпǰһϽ¿Ρ
¿κպͳһ߰Թ
ΪʲôҺ㲻һ飬ҪǸķһ𡣡
С㣬ţһˣ㻹Ӷˣһ𣬿ŻһȺˣǷֿһ£˵ԴٽĻǻҪлҡ
֮ĸѾβƣѾûʲôĿռ£ԸûطԴİ쵱Ŵҵ潲黰治ɫ
һȥܹˣİġӵ
벻ͨʦôһɼôáĶתƵϡ
㲻֪֡ΪεһϾ͵ԷʱǳԵ־ֱ
ˣҽ˭˭ˡݰݣȻ˯ȥ˵ߡ

֪
ʡ
ԣһǰ࣬𣿡ϣ˵á
áҲû£˵Ҳһȥġ
־ĵĲˣһֱӶ˵á
ҵܺһǺõġ
ҵǻ²Ͻ
Ҳû
νţû⡣

ԵۣԷʱ䵽˶֪۳ļƻʱЦˣЦĺܿģԴҹ֮ûôĹ
֪Լῴ۵һĻ
֮ĵڶ죬ĸ׾ͽһòȥ
һڣԼҹĹֻϣĽJǿ绰ǲѹһʱ俼֮顣
һ·ɻ͸ϻؼҷ¹°ϴ˸裬ȻҴҸϵѧУԭֻûӡֻϵ磬õֻšһȦҵΪܽ⿪ǻ˼֮飬û뵽ôһЦˣȴǶڵҪǸͷͷֻ˭֮ûʲôè塣ദ˽£ֻЦΣҲΪЦ
ռӣʧθʼ
Ҷĺ֡
˽ϵĿ˭һ
㡭
ɫĲ̫ã̫ó̶̫ᣬӦÿֲݡ
ѣ־ʵ
ѣôش
㲻Ҫҳȥ粽ӣ϶Ҫܣ־ǰܣҲҪôڣ
仰ôطŵˡ
ߡ
á־ﴧ⣬˭ƽʱֻҪеһڻؾġȴ⣬𣬻ļƻǲǸʩУдš
ҵһƧͤ¡
ʲôʡ
ʲôʲôղǸ˭ðɵĺ
¡ʲô¿˵
˵ʱ˼Ǻ֮ĹϵɲǸʱ乴ˡһ뵽ղģһ
ʲôȻ˵ĻҲ
ѵ˭׷ʡ
˵ˣڹ֮ǰˣѡ׷ϷֲϲµĴô糬
˵ʲôŵĿ
˵Ǹѡٴظһ䡣
˵ԽԽ˳ڣ̵
ʲô˼
˵ѡԽԽʹθӲȥѣϴΪʲôȥǳ衣
ʲôϵüʵ
㲻֪ϴıܸ˸ʶһһ仺˵š
ʲôô֪
ԭĲ֪Ůʲôʱ˶֪˺Ϳģôġ
д£Ҳ֮ǰڿºˣô֪¼飿˵
㲻Ҫңҵޡֱǻ
Ҹ˵ĶѾ˵ˣԺҪҡ
˼ҺƤ𣿡θʹĶͷֱð亹ôһʹѵҶ㡭־ˣ˵ʲôǣԲԣ켷Щ

5-2

ϣ΢΢ţҪʲôƵģɫҰ쳣ϻϼź飬ȣôðôູ
㣬ôˣĵʡ
ܡݺݵ˵
֪ڷǳҲܲɫĺѿɫǲ԰׵ģҽԺ
㣬㻹ңЦĿ
޹⣬İҲôɵĮ˵
߿ҲܡζըˣûôûûεŮˣҹҹĵˡְθʯϡ
֣Ť۳ĵǰһ鲻Խİθθۣ
㲻ǲںңǻʲôСһƢ
㶼ʮ߰ˣôӡĴ󺰡
̧ͷ֪ĵģڴ˿Ҳ֪Ų̰ģֻҲֻܴҪ
ңûѣҪˡᶨ˵ţڣȥȥ
õθȥθѪθףᰩ䡣ӦúúϧθʱԷעϢȻءҩȸ㿪һµȥǮ󣬵һ¥ҩãҸдĳԷԣҩ϶дõġҽ
֪ˡ
е鶼Ū֮Ѿ㡣ҽԺСƿˮҩ΢Ļθ۵״
ҳԷϵڶûԷԵʵ⼸춼ûôʱԶúϢʱ䶼ࡣûãһ£緹Ҳûԣ
ûп
ԹԵķ̵Ҳԣһ˧һĻ϶һƣпȥԷˡ
ûӳתͷưˣ
ڲ˵ϣŲģèǰɡ
ٽȥҪˡ
еĺãһûй֣һյĽУо
С
Ų˵ϵζȣ벻ԼҪʲôյθʹͷʵζ
ѽ
Ҳûʲôθڡ
ûʲôθڣԼʲôʲôùҡ
ӼײˣϺһĸˡ
õģԺϲˡԱ̬ȵ˵
ȵȡסԱ
С㣬вģ
鷳ȵȡ
ôĲˣͷ
㲻ûθڣȻûθڣãϲȻ˵
ʲô
ʲôҾͳʲôô
Ա˼ǵĲ˶˰ɣ˼ĶԷԱǸȻѸٵߡ
Ķʮֵĺ档
Īģôˣ
㲻ܳģѵ֪û˵š
һ͵ĲˣҾֱθӶ˵š
ȱˣ㻹ǲܳģ㲻Ҫˣϡԡε˵
ģϲ⡣
ԣү
𣿡
ûС˵û£ȥС
ϵϡѼʽʵǼ򵥵ûټ򵥣ǽúҸ
ģڿ䱦Сġ
ҸʲôζӦþҸɡĿռ䣬ֻˣûжĻȴܸо˴˵ϧֻ¸СǸСļһûܵõȴĳʧȥĺҸôͲҪãγ˵֮ʹࡣĺܺݣעòҸǻӣ϶ܶŮҲܶŮˣôôܱ֤ԶİȻܿ϶ǾͲðգֱղ֪Դĸ˲ͬ䲻֪ǲǰܵģܣ֪롣ˣһеΪֹٺһһ룬У᲻Ǹ˽Ůˣ˽룬˵ˣô˿϶Լ
԰ɡԺҪٵѧУҡ֮ǲнƽ˵ߡ
ԵĺúõķΪͻȻ꣬üĴᣬƵʵôˣղŲǺúõģ
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վߵǰ棬̧򦣬ҡ
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Ƿҵλãһ㡣
ᣬˮˡ
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У㣬˵š
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Ĭˣᣬ˵ڣҲԱ˿ԣǽ
ҲƭŮҲϲңǣǽȤѣҲ˼죬ͻ룬ҪĻнƾʲô˵ϲңʲôϲϣ
ϲϲָо˵Ϊʲôϲ㡣Ҳұ֤һǶҸһ𣬵ܿ϶ʱ˿ҵĺϣԶԶĵһ𡣡
ûĶԲԣеʧ䣬еԥ
ͻȻסҴλ𣬲Ҫĥҡ
˫ۣϵ˵Ұ㣬ⲻ𣿡籩û뵽㵲ѡ
ԣԣﲻϵֹԼ
ƽͣʼþ̵ľɹɲǣҲᣬĺʹࡣȴû뵽ԼͣһСıƵڵϣ˫ִϵ룬ˤϣˣҲģѪֹ
㵵Ŀ
Բ𣬽ǲģǲףԶᡣǹģ˵תߣٲߣԼҲ߲
Ҷ㵽Ҫô㲻˵ô֪󺰵
ˡ
Ҷ֪ḷ́ܲһѼĵӺĴҵģѪȴ޶ԡ

5-3

սϰ죬ǷһĶߴУ
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ҽϰ죬㶼ûӳôԴһֱڡ
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𣿡ţûж룬Ϊʲôһ־ĲɾǳԸɷģ
ôˣʲôطô
˯ˡ
ô磿
ۡ
ǺãϢ
죬־һֱ͵ʵҲôֻǰȥôûǱȴһ̬Ȼڷ˫ͫɫ롣ֻաˣʼġ
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࣬¿ˣ
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Ŷһҡ
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Ŷƺ©һġ
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ۣƯ㿴·㴩һƯȥԡ
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Ҳ־ǲǺʲô飿ʵ
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ʹˣû˵ҪʱҰг
㶼ʲһʵĳ־Цķʡ
Ȼ˵ڣܴܲùģҲ෴ԣ˵飬Ҳٿ⡣
˵ǵļƻҪҪʩУ־µʵ
ԥ㻹ԡռ
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־˵Ĺֲ˼ģҲǣ׷һŮô˶ûɹ
ˣһȵᣬʱᡣվʱ㲻ҪֱĸƵģ׷һġ
֪־Ӧ
ϣʹĶ־ʹɫ찡еˣ
Ϣ־յˣôôѡ
òףŹһ˷ԵˣҪԷûӪ
лл˵ллȴٳûӡ
󣬡Һͳ컹飬־ԣˡ
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ǳߣߺ־ź˼ڡ
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־ȴϲѣȻ׵˵áŮʱȻ׷ĺʱ
ϵطȴʱ䣬Ҳǵʱ龰Զ˲ͷ羰̸˵ڵʱϡ
ʲô飬Ǿɢ
δͻȻ˾ûĻ
β֪ʲôǰ
㡭Ϊʲôôʣ
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ĺܺãôˣôľܾôΡ۾˵ţ֪˽֪һôãƾʲôΪôģƾʲô˵ҵƾʲôô
ǡҪҡӣŵˡ
Ҳ֪ҺܣΪʲôҪҲ֪ô죬ֵС˽ƾʲôûΪĶ࣬ûôңûļ֣ûᣬûƽ⣬ʲô㣬ԵҰûģƾʲô˵ңƾʲôҪҺһ𡭡ǣǿθʹҺòҵľȻˣΪʲô죬ʱƾʲôô
˵ô໰һˣȫˡ
Ϊ㰮
û뵽ô˵һɵۡ
Ϊ㰮־ִ˲ƣ˵ڶ顣
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ĬƬ̺־ſڣڿԳ׵ķˡÿҪװʱҺۣУҲǸͨͬѧҵĳûʼעҪʧܵġ㣬˵ҵ㰮˺Ҿͷſ㡣ҲٶİɡףҸ־һЦ
־Բ𣬶ԲĻһҪҸ
֪㲻ҪھΣڸûжԴӲעûķݡסˣСػУԥľܾʱûϣڰûʱûʱ䲻ϵŶҲûˣǰܸԼǰܸǸˣջǰܸ˭ȶ˭ˡ֪ʲôʱʶģ϶ܰȻǰʧ̬޵ĸγϣΪſˡټӰѾٽ׷ᣬǿƵ㣬ôǲǻתȻⲻҪҪԺҪҸ
־ǲɵӣôõ㡣ɵɵʡ
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ֹסᣬҡ
Ҫ˵ûϵôã۾⣬ôõ׷ģοʻĺˣҶ㳹ģҲھΡ
־˵ʲôֹ
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裬Һܹµûа취ԭǸˣ㣬ȻĵûһΡ
裬϶ܺΪô׵ŮɶǣȻʵ
裬֪ǸһҲûҹңԭҲûңİǳǳҶѪԵϵĸŮûϵҲںʱҾͲںˡ
裬Һ㣬ĺ㡣ֻãĺûĺòݣʱ룬ԭҲңôһ˺Ҷȥ׹¥˲䣬㻹иŮڡ裬һǺ㡣
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裬ĺܺãֻܳãǶֻϲɵ˰
裬ʱҸռƻͶԵ㡣˵û㣬ܶԲ㣬ٹһͻˡź⹫ӹĶʣ彡ǶҲܺáǺܲТӦöǣֻû취Ǽ䷿ס̫ã£̲סȥ͵͵Ǹ֮ȥĵεԼҸļ԰»䣬ζ»̲סȥɱǸˡ
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˭һĳ;ڣƣ룬ֻڴϺúϢ
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İְ
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ԡ
£
ʱġ
С

6-1

ҹӭķವģ̽תƵҶ֦ͷƮڵϣϢġڽϣŵɪɪ
Զˣƽ˲١ΪһˣӦ˵Ǹ˺ֻǸ࣬˳ȣǸ곤
϶⣬ôɣ˿ڿȣ˵⺢ӣҿǷܶࡣʮ꣬ҺˣΪöӼ̳Ųõ˶ӵĸȨȶԲ裬Բл÷һ𡣴СʱҾͽֻҵ˵һУŮԶֻǸ
ôԼĶӣ΢΢üͷ
ҶС˿϶֮ԱǣǸεĸףԶӵĽ⣬ҳϣǵʱҲ֪ôҺĸͨ˫ҳһģ֮ǰĸһ֮ԵһμʱҾͶĸһģԲŴӦµġΪܰĸףǣɱҷ֣ĸʼն÷Ϊһôֳ裬¾˶Բĸ׵飬Ǿˡ£һֱڻеǸŮˣΪȶԲҵģԶĽƫСͺùѧϰ꽨רҵרҵһѧϰ̹ĿľΪûҳҴǸøףأĲҶˡҶС㣬϶Ҷ˵ôࣿ
˵ĿûиоΪҲûиף˵ʲôǺø׵ı׼Ѿ֪ˣֻΪʹŽĸףʼû˵
û뵽ǣᰮһŮˣθô档Ҳ֪֮䷢ʲô飬ֻϣȥÿǷϵҲȥϣȾƳ̣һ㶼ûа취ǰθͲãλΪθѪҽԺʱҲ֣շת˺üҲҵ㣬ϣȥҲֻһ׵ȥɡ
Ĳ֪ΪʲôģҽԺʱ˶ɵˡ
⣬ַϣǻ
ȥɣȰȰѾüûԶڻܻӪҺȥûˡˡȻȥ
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ƿţ򴲱ߣŴ˲Ұ׵Ĵʹ鲻Խĸգ˲们¡
ôܰԼŪôĶңҪھΣǡҪܷŹңҲŹԼţҡ
ᣬ³µƭԼ׵ĳˡǰôαװԼĸ飬˺ȷ˵ġеĻһһӿͷգһμ棬޶ãڶμ棬μ棬ĪκΡ
ϴΣ˵㲻֤ԺܺԶԶһֻϣһһգ룬ҵĸ鲢ڵȴĲסԼúչԼӣôԵԼôԵĸסοҲֵ㸶Щġ
֪ûǰҴ֪ʲôǰ飬Ҳ֪Ŀɬֻ֪Ϊȥֻ֪ÿԹ¼ŰҵһУ˺ھǰףȴҵ˲ĥ㼣ʱʱ̵̿ң֪ӺʱҰĵסʱҸףҵļ¶ˣǵСĲԽǵߣ£һҶȥʱԴ
ҽԺɲǣ֪ҲܳȥˣңôǲڵģҶǵİûаհ
ƺоиˣͣڽó˫ۣģĿһӰ˾Ȼ˼ҹļˣɳƵĿڣ㡭ô𣿡
ˣæԼ޻Ƶè
ܿķԼ뷨Գ˵ôܣôأ㶼ѾˣҲãܱȿĺá㲵ƽ˵ţǿ͸һУ±۾
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˵ĴֻԼ顣ȥɡ
Щ֪룬֪ô죬֪û취ôᶳˡ

6-2

Ҹ㽲°ɡ
ʱΪ֮һ
иСŮиҸļְͥమྴÿϣְѧÿϣѧصҺȴְִԵĶԡ˫ʱְ־ͻȥ԰档ҸҸļͥİְ衣
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Ѿˣֻܵͷ
ԣޣ˹ȥ㻹ң𣿡ƽܳܵġ
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Уٳüݺۡ
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ˣæĿڣ֮ԺһȾƣ̣úóԷ׳׳ģȻҶ׸ĳգգۡ
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Эˣæϴģⴲĺܣ㲻õǻˤȥ

6-3

а֪޾˥ɽ⣬ˮΪߣѩغϣ˸
УǶ˶ʫʱԼ֮ͬԱǡȻڵǻ統
Һ㣬ʱ޿̣뿪ҡ˺ѷεһ,ӵĸ֪һ˻ᰮ
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Ժʲô鶼Ҫ˵һ֪ΪżҲʧٵġôͷֻҪ24Сʱ
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뷢ĽϢŭᣬԶᣬҡӰһҲĨȥɣ۵ӵ﷢ģһ죬ԼԭԼˣǾú

6-4

˶㣬δйİ໥ӵ˯һҹ
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аֻٶѡ˵š
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ĺѳ԰ԳԿ𡣡
һۣԾͳԣһ׷ӲθôܳôӲķټһڲˣˮİɡôԣѹôҲԲ¡
ѳ԰ɡܵ˵ı֪ѳԡ
ҲǺǮҽԺôŪôѳԵĶ԰ʡ
Ҳ֪ôһ˵ҺǸȥͶͶ߲Ŷԡ
һȦģǺ
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ҪػػġȻܳԵʳܿġ
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Цֳˡ
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С㣬ҪģҼӦоУҪ·ҡĳüŪ۵ġ
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극ýĵд棬ϴκ־ļƻúܲǲ֪־ʼҵû
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Ƕǹɣһʱ䡣Сʱȥˡθʹʱŷֱߵ顣ߵ鷿ɺס֫ͷļϣԶ𣿡
šˣ
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ڣǸˣøɡɳƵ˵š
ŶˣҸոϴʱ˫пΣ¸ھǹˡ
ŶҲ¡ǳȥΰɡ
ȴͷȵ˵
á
ΪʲôҪ˯Ŵ
ŴıӺ࣬Ҷûˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
񷭰ۣҲ˯һʲô
бװɣһþͺˡ
ûСһ̲
Уôܡ
ҵ˯ֲôųʲô
УҲϰ߶ѡ
ϰߣõĽҵţҲҪϰߵġЦտ˵š
Ժ¡
ھˡ
ЦˣһѧءĿ֡
ֱӰɺãûЦġ
Ժ˵ɣҪȵұҵѽ˯ȻϢɣȵθˡűӾͷ˯
ԣͷ˯Ǻǣ˯ɣұȽů͡˵߰Ƶá

6-5

ֲСӣҪСӵ˵˽һۡ
òð뾴ƲԳԷǰɡĿ״
ǰôЦЦ˵
˵ôأţС°ͼЦ
㡭
Ұں¡˵ȥ
ȥһҴޡ
ڶʱ𣺡ǰΪʲôķ
ҶڼҳԷԾû롣ӵ㹤ÿڶɨһΡ
ƭҵĿ
ţ
˵ͷıӶûϴôܣ
Ǻǣǲ˵֪ôҲסˣͲ⣬ǹȥ棿
˵أ
ȥɣ
Ҫ̫Զˡ
ȥۣ
Ҫֲȥ
ֻȥȥ𣿡
Ҳ˼
ǿȥ˹԰
԰𣬸ôԶ
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ôң˵ѽ
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㲻ǻ𡣡
ʲô˼ڶʲôᣬҲҪǮİһۡ
ҲǸ˼Ժ˻飬ǮҵģҵǮģʱĪǲּˣô˼
ǡ
ûпˣ͵ҿ𣿳ôһûȥ԰أ˵˹ǺӵΣȥԲɶʱΣ㣬𣿡Ŀ԰ѿڶá
Ĵȥ˹ʲôģⳡϴĽȻ˵ɵĻҪǴȥЦ̽˵ĴΪ˵ˣȥ˹ᣬΪԲʱΡ
ֻǼǵã˵Сʱ͸ĸһȥ԰ʱֵʱ⡣ȥ˹ᣬİӰÿʧյġõֳΪʲôȥԸȥġ
Ϊ԰õĳű衣
Ǹƣ
ǣ԰ɣ㿴ǿ컯ˮˣദ⼸죬ԽԽһǸС
ιҡֵס򦣬
ô˵棬һ˺˼ģĿ
ĸ߷ڣٶĴ˵
С㡣æֶ졣
ȻǼҵˣΪͷһɡЦ
ûİһۡ
Ŀ𣿡
ģΪ㡣ȷʵ⼸ĺܿģڵ˹죬ʲôˣʵϣ˹ȷʵͯǺӵã֮ͯΪ̶ͯĻ¸ңǿǵûиӵϵֻдֵаĽʤĽԴϲ˹԰ʩۼģ޵ռ䡣˰ݵ棬Ĺ˧˧İӡ뺢ӼĻúĴ˵죬ҲС
ִȥ۵Ĵ̳Աɫʳ
лл㣬ڽĻУп˵ţЩ죬ҳҸŮˣε֮Уĺܿ֡
ԺҪ˵ллӦģοȻͿˡ
š
Щ·㶼·Ƚϱˡ
亹УֻڹƺۣοױƷˣǴˣҪ̫࣬ȥۣ
ţĶʲô

7-1

ɻĴҶеĵȴС
˵ɣǿ˯ٵ㣬Ҫô
ͻҪһСʱ𣿡
С㣬һСʱ˵Ŀɡ
˯һѽ
ҿϿ
š
ʱһĸŮСŮߡ豾׷ȥϧһСľͰеһɢڵأӣε̾Ϣ˫һһļӡӣСŮܵǰʣ裬ǲǲҪˣΪʲô㲻׷
˵ӣԶҲ׷ģ۷ʲô飬趼ԭص
ŮʣҪҲ߶أ
ģ᲻裬Ҳ᲻㣬ĸŮϵһ⣬Ҳûб軹ˣ֪ġ
裬֪ԺҲˣԴӰְȥ󣬾ֻҺˡ

Ųˮʼۿת
ôˣ
ǣҺѹʱһ־϶̩һ״ʣʱ״ʣĶĶֱһᱳ
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΢ЦƮˡ
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ƣ
˫ס㣬ǵݶտա
ʱҶʫʱֻ룬裬Ҳ㲻õȥҲԸƣϣһӶܺһ𣬱㣬ǣأƺԼְ֣ǰȴĴǰְ֣ԸڼҵʱȴǸ˲Ұɣû˰ְ֣뿪
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ղſĸŮһĻ֮ĸ϶ҪĶ࣬λСŮҸġ
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Сèȥϴɡ֪Զи̣԰ȥ
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𣿡϶ʣеҪö࣬ĸףԶʱֻǺԻ
ǰɣ
㻹ǵңá
֪ôشƳվߵĽʣѡ
ǰ
һ˲Ű֪˿϶ܸˡ
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Ҳ֪СҲǸϲ˵ˣû뵽˻ӣ⹫ŹĺҲþûȥˡ
ǹĶܺãллġ
һûһţԭǶҪJǵġ
ʮҶ־ĶǽȻͬǶԴѧϰɼ̬ȷ൱ϣһǲԼͬıˡ
־Ҵ֪Ҳ᲻ġʦǽн칫ңɼʱǶɵˡ
Ҳǡ
ǲ̫Ҹˡ
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йĳϦҹ֣ҲǼ֮ദ죬ܰʱ̡
ֻ¶һ˹ĳϦҹ˵ÿҹһģʲôա
⹫ţ֮أĸ׽ڣҲûһڵģ׵Ȼĸ׵ȥ˲졣ҶǿҶֹۣҶŴ׵ĵĮȻΪʲôôѸٵϰǷݼįء
˰ɡ
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֪మĵǷݿ¼š
 
ģ

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˵ЩϦҹ͸Բĵģ˸ʲô⹫Ȱο
ǰǶЩЩ˶ŽصΪյģϲҳ˼ˣ⺢ϸĵĺܣθã԰˼̲ĲˣҩǽθģصȥģԵ㣬
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ǱٹĿ죬ҴҵҴҵߣĴѧڿʼˡѧڣҪдģҪʵϰ˵æѧڰɡ
춼æȻ˺ö
֪ǽգҹ˼ڤ룬ҪʲôԵͱĲá
ҹû˯
ȱǮȱκοǮ򵽵ϵĶ
ȱǷݼҵůʲôܸΨһԸľܸ飬ģ
ڶ죬¿κ󣬾ȥ˳УøĲ˾ͻؽļƽʱǲղ˵ģԽȥһʳףҺã⿻е֣Ūһ磬㻹ڡ
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ţҵһЩˣ㲻ҪѳԾͺá
ϣҪ̫ѳԡƤЦЦ

7-2

ôеʵ
һǿˡ
ȵȡ߽
Ƭ̺󣬽ֻŵ⳪ոƵ߳
ףտ֡ߵǿٴ˵
лл
ģÿǿܰɡ
ᡣܺãⱲӿÿյ⡣
ˣһЦ
Ը򡣡
ϣҵӽԺֵܿԸһ
ѽôܸԸء
Ŀ־ҵԸҸʵҵԸ𣿡

޸ҡװڴó䣬ϥء֪ǣҵʱŵڶ̸̸ǹġ
֪ͻ㣬ᾪȣΪұΪĽǡ
ţҲеȣʲô;˵ɡ
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˵ˡ
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ҰŵĻҿԷģӽԺ벻Զİ
֮󣬽ģżݺ᣻ҲֻˣҪ뿪ģ⺢ʵĲ£ڣҰˣϣʵŵԣúõĴ
Jǣĥʲôʱ飺˽ڣãգûء˼ȥǺʱ
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ҡ
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ǰ𣿡
š
ʲô˼ķ¡
嶯ħɡ

ǲ񣬳ڻѧʡ
á
ұҵȥĻɴգ𣿡
á
ôô˵ƵĿ
ѵƽʱ˵ˣУǳķɡ
ֱ˯ʱ֤鷢
ûʲôı䣬ϿεʱϿΣ˫յʱ䣬˯ͬѧûһ֪Ѿˡ˵һΡ

8-1

ʮ¥ߵתſվһɲŮòŮ
ҡҡҽšλ˾νŹƱҲʲôٶն޳һţĿ˶ḻ˲٣ȻԳ֮Ϊɰ
ɵ㣬Ǽĸ𣬽Ÿʲô㿴ϴȥң⹫Ҷһ̩Ȼ֮ӣӦѧѧңֲʲôϻġֲϵش꣬ͼʹů
ǲһ⹫źͰ׵ģ㵱Ȼ
ε֪ҵĸײ
˵䣬Ѿ䡣
裬塣һߴкһ߷ãһ˲оֶһ£ΪԼĴҲûʲôϡ
ˣλСؾ˵ӡ
ǰҺҶλҵĸףһλĸεɷ򡣡
ʱʲô˼˵ʲôֻһ˳˳ĶŶ˿˿̵ǸҲ˼ʲôƵĿ
оʲô̫Ծôﲻ
ʱѣûеɳƣæɤӣ˵ûС
Ҹܣҵĸףλĸεɷ򡣡֪ղûղ˵Ļ½һ顣
ĸãá
ǣЦܺãˣɻҶʶôɱĸ֮ĳأԼԼĶ棬ҪЦ˵ǣ⵽ΪʲộΪ˿жں˱֮󣬻ôңĻôꡣĸããԼαԼĶġ
˺󣬲һ˲ļžΪ˴Σĸûӣȿڡ
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ѧʲôרҵģ
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ǹ񣬲żһ棬ͻ˵Ϲˣ֪ôġߺ޵š
ܾʲôԾֲ֪⣬ĪΪɵģ
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ˣתͷЦеĻܰƽʱôңУĳߣĸɱɲǣˡ
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ʲô˵ˡ
֪ô־ֻðᣬİ뻳СŮ˿޵ʱ˳ľٶο⣬벻ʲôˡ
Ĭ˼صǵģˡʵһֱѧУһˣ͵͵ĸĺ棬±֣ľȽԶû뵽ῴһĻǵҪòŻֿʱôһһߣ˭֪ԶûСǰģ֪Ϲѵô벻һĶԹΪʲôҪǣ浽һ
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ǸƽǼݣʵӦסģΪǸˣͼ˵ĹϵýţôȥˣȻһ㣬ѺȴԶڣΪǲͨ˼ңǼҲֲʵ¡
ڣǿԸҵ׵귢ʲô𣿡

Ȩ֪ʵ顣֪ĸҪ˵ʲôѾˣСӣοǸйشµ˻ӡ
ðɡҺ㸸ΪŽ飬ҺҶ÷һ𳤴󡣺㸸޷ԭͺ㸸飬պҶ죬ʱ㲣һ֮²֪ǵļͥҲ⡣һֱǰŶԷԡֻû뵽ĸ׻ɱҶ֪ಡԺȥҶС㣬û뵽Ա֢ҶС죬Ҳ⹫ţϣҶԺҲҪȥ֪֮Ǿ񵽼ôżһ㡣ʵҶʮĺܲãÿ춼жȹ类ҶСһಡڻڷϢ

8-2

죬¥ķ䣬ʮ꣬ˣҲˣ޿̣֪Ǹ˵ǲҲĶԴ裬ΪʲôĶǣȴǸŮôᣬˮСϺǻ
裬֪ˣǸϢǻϢ
⣬һ΢谭ȴʮ꣬ţǿֻŵģڴŸǷߺޡڵѾ蹵ˣٹ꣬ɨеһǹȥû뵽컹ǲᡣĸ׾Ȼ
䲼õļ򵥣û뵽ʮͷȴֻļκͼ·
ʲôˣΪǱռǣ꣬ڿдռǣ棬Ҳ뿴ģǱӵʱʧȥ˷ĵ
񡭡
ĳĳĳ 
죬ģҵҲ˷ܡ
ѧУ꣬ͬѧΪѧУۻҿһˣţ˹ҵܿ죬չ̡ҷϲǣҹȥкԭҶ죬ҲѧУѧ
ҪԼʱѧãҲˡ
ѧð
Ҳʶʡ
ǰʶġ
ǣӦʶİɣҲ²⡣
ͬͬѧ
Ŷ

ĳĳĳ 
ɵͬǿ̵ģЩ죬ҵԺһֱƮӰӣ׺Ϊ˼֮ࡣ
ҺԵעģɲɣǾԭҲһ顣ǿʼ죬ҷкöͬȤͰáǴԻؼʱ꣬Ǿܻꡣ

ĳĳĳ 

ԴǴΣкþûмˣ֪ô
ҾĥԼҪһҪ㣬ʲôۣϧ

ĳĳĳ 
ҺܣĵԼҲ֪ôģȷʵˡ
¾ľףҶ׺ȴܾˣΪദôãӦϲҵġ˵ѾˡҺģԼٳҺȾƣĸ׺ҵĸǺѣǶϣһ𣬿Ǳ˴˶ûָоǲͣĺȣȵذǳˣǾȻôԽ˹죬˲顣ô죬ҲġٱΪҸвȥһɱ

ĳĳĳ 
һ¹ȥˣҺþöûˡÿżĵʱҴҵľҸѵôֲҲףΪεЫ㴦㡣
ܲҵģҵ³һ¡ȥҽԺ飬ҽһʱǰһѣΣҲ֪

ĳĳĳ 
ԥ⺢ӵҪǲҪ⺢޹ģҲȡȨٹ£ҵĶӾͻıʱҸô죿
ͻȻһͷ֪ΣգҰһ

ĳĳĳ 
һȥˡ
ƭ˵ﲻĸҼ޸һԼϲˣҸ㡣
ľĺܲûȼˡȻϴһϴˣֻϴģǼٵġ
ϣǿ̣ɵˡһı飬ҵڻЦҺû
˵Ҹġ
֪һʶҾ֪ĵˡ

Ѿ֪˵ʲôˣ𾪵ƿԣ֪˵ĲпᡣȲĿȥ
ĳĳĳ 
ҺÿģȻꡣҽˣ졣

ĳĳĳ 
ˣҸ֪ԺԺ˵⺢ӣȻˣȴܽˣɲǣҾȻۿỨʱҺú£֪
ϣ챣ӡ
ǸȡҶ

ĳĳĳ 
ҺܸмĶܺá
ֻ֪ΡȻÿ˵Цû˵һ黰Ҳ㡣ҲᰮңֻҪһͺá

ĳĳĳ 
ʱҲε
ҺҸϵҽԺʱŮѾΣڡ
֪ˡŮдѪʱ֪ŮġԲ𴩺Ҽ벹ȡŬô꣬Ҳô꣬ÿֻҪѧУѪ죬ı浥ҴӲÿҽԺʱȥġôŬ񶼳Ӱ

ĳĳĳ 
֪˾ݣȴҪ顣ҵȻͬ⣬ҵݾһ㶼ϡ˵ݾ鸴ȼҲʡҲǸŮˣô꣬ΪҸôȴȻ޶ԡҲʣҺޡ

ƭ֣һжƭ֡
ʹ飬Իҡôɵӡҿɲǣ·𿴼Ҳˣô꣬ͷõȴ⵵³裬㵽װҵʲôˣڸϵ̤ʯ
ҲţҲţƭҵġ裬ǺģȻƭô꣬ĺọ̀㻹ҵ𣿴ͷβ㶼ûаңǲǡֱһЪ˹ĺţһߴŵذ壬ĶˣѪˮϵӿһֱһֱֱĻʹȥ

9-1

㲻ǲԷѽ㿴ڶ㲣ſöۡ
޷Ӧż˵ȥŻô꣬ʲôˣڣΨһϣܹĵģҲ󡣡
ˣʲôû£㣬֮˵ģҲôѽݺᣬ᲻ѡ죬̧¥ҽ֣˵ҩ֮ͰԼڷһҲ
Ӵϼѵ˵ϣ˺ѷεʣţ裬赽һ˰
ƭңƭǸˣƭеˣ֪ҺǸ˶𣿿ʲôʲôʲô
ΪʲôǶ֪ǲң˶֪࣬Ψɵһ֪ˣҪôܣһǺްǸ˵ľҲ
תһ룬ҪƭҲȢ裬ҲͲǵ˭ĴҸù˭
ô˽ΪǸҾôˣһҲңͷβҶһΪԼҵġԭʹڣҲóϡ
Խ˵Խ벻ŵ亹ֱ
ǵģĴӣĲĴҪ㣬⹫ҲôˣΪ㣬⹫šŷļûĻźܵǲ벻
ӣ㲻ĺܵģһһ
ʱ⹫Ӵⲽ
ϻ
ӣǿô찡⹫Ų֪Ǻá
ôһӡ
ǸǸСӳˡ
ŵһ
˵ʲôعʵ
ȱ𼤶ǸСӳ˻
⹫˵꣬ͻ赹ˡ
ӣӡѽǵʲô飬Ӧ˺ӵϡ˵ţһûһ
̤ſڵʱ򣬾ͼ﷢쭡
ȫҹȥ
ѽ

侲㡣
˻ǲǣҹȥһƵʲôʲôܸӵĶˣϰѲԼϵܰγƿһӡ
ȥ
һĻʹѡ
ſǻĺûע⵽Ҷ졣
ȫһ˶ʶ뿪䣬硣
ߺˣһ첽ߵǰ̧־ɫ˦ƣʵʵڣҰø㣬ŰģƾʲôŰСǰסڣֻţֹͣ
һҵңƵģרҽԺҩζ
Ľ̵ŲŲ߽
Ϻȵ
Ҳҹ𣿡
ǣҽ
ڹң㿪ʼˣ𣿡
ûˡѵ˵Щ
˵Զһġ
⻰ʼͳЦɷЦֹͣĿࡣ
˵ʲôԶһǰҲᣬǣڣĲзϣ㻹Ըһ𡣡ȻƿԼϵıӡ
ȱ˰ȵȣţϥϻѪܵĲ
ôҶС㣬Թ𣿡̵
һУǶôĲʵѾ˵ˣΪʲôҪѡôģʲô
ʹΪ鲻Խȥ˵ȡ
ҪҡܻţȱôѾ϶ûˣΪʲôߡ
Ҫ㲻£ƭҡ
ǵģô㡣
ңߡЦңղŵڶʲô
ǵġ˵ʲôģŽƬ̣ĮȻ߳š
ŵǿ̣ˣɹˣɹĸ
Ǽ죬˺ö绰Ǿû˽ӣܵģգֻ֪ؼңûа취£ѵ绰żң˵Ҫ侲ҪʱͨͻѧУġǹ˺ö죬һֱûϢʳ֪ζǴ㿪ȥʱΪĲɣ˳
ǿ̣ĻȲʹ޷ӡһ̱ˣҲû뵽Լм

Ҳȥ
ҡ
絲סƢֻ뿪

9-2

˵ҶֱӺ˴ȥк
Ȼȥɡڻ˵
ôˣ
֪ʲôģû£ȥȰȰ
Ա治Ŀ֪Լ֮֫޷ܣƢ겻ѣԺôŶʮꡭ
׷ʲô顣
ҽԺ֪ͨǵʱ˵
˿ʮѾСʱˣû뵽Լԭ򺦵˳һеվôԭԼͲᵣģģͲ¡
ͳֻ˵δӵ绰ġ
һţֻĻϣģߣ
ܵøҸϢҪҵġ
һظҵҲ㡣
㻹ңȥ㣬һĶԹǹȥǺαҪǵĹ֪ѣ£ֻˣʱõҩʱ嵭һУô
ҶǲҪ˦ңȻˣҲҪ˵
ҶȥľȥҪĲô

̶̵죬ʮ绰ʮţ֮ļͶˣǰǼҽԺҪʱģ
ƿţĵߵߡ˯˰ɣ롣
֣ס
Ұ׵գһ¡
˯𣿡
ûϵ˯ûϵ֪ĵġ
֪˵ȣʹȣ˵ģʹġԸ˵ңʹʹ֪𣿡ʰԼؿڡ
֪ʲôǰԭҲףƲеǿ̣ʹռȫǸʮ֪꣬ǿ̣ȻǲŹҵģҸǿ̣ôһȣͻȻЩҪˡֻ֪Ұ㣬ҲںںжʹӣĺܺԼ
ģΪʲôΪһأҺ㰡Ǹǣÿйصˣǣûкӹ
ǣ֪û㣬Ķˡˣֶһ¡
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ԭҲǰְģԭΪܺͰְһңȻҵҽ֪ôû˰趼ҡ
ҲҪ𣬾ҲҪˣҵɷҲҪˣǺǣɨǣҲǺˣ£һ֮ĺá
ҲǲҪ㣬ǲҪ㡣Ҳڻûʲôǽأᷳӵʱô죬ҲǸˣԼϵ㡣ҲҪͬ顣ߺһֱðûڣú£¾ʹ˺һϣİ·ˡղ߽ʱ򣬲֪ж˷ܣԼһƻ˴ʱõʱ̣һϯϲֱ
Ҳͬ㣬㣬Ұ㣬֪ģҪ˵ֻĺʹֻ࣬һ䣬㰮𣿡
ҡ
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Ұ㡣
˺ϲЦֻһŮˣһ˽Ůˣôķ꣬Ѿûˣֻһ𡣡
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ɵϣǶɵϣ֪ʹƽʱ㣬Ѿ֪Ҵˣ㣬һ̣ȥģҵ˽ȫң̫ˣû㣬һġҲҪ˵Ҫңһξ͹ˣ֪ԸĴۣҳܲ˵ڶΣҡ
ˣңȲҪҡ
ڣһҪллүû㣬ֻ˲зϣѾǲеĴˡֻôšһſ˵Լ£һҪ˵һĻڶҪҷƢԺ׼ƭңĻҲУҪңҪΪұӣˣܱ
ã׵ְ֣⹫ƭ㣬Ҳƭ㡣󣬽˵ԺҲ˵ɨǣ㺦֮Ļ㲻ĻҲ˵֪𣿡
ţáģԺһжġˣԺҲˡ
ܸˣ̫ʹзϣɻĻ¡պҪպʧȥǽϣҲڴ˿̷ſĻ¡
໥ӵţûʲôȴ˿̸ӵˣ˶ʮϧƻ֮׵Ҹ
˵֮ףǾôɱҲǻ۵ĺۣ
Ǹҿ𣿡
ҵû㻹ҡ˵
ᣬ˵ġ
Ҳû˵꣬ͱ˻úúã˵ģ㺦£Ҫ˵㲻£ҿˣҲ£úõȾôûˡԳһЦ
Ҳ£ֻʹĲ¡
ã£뿴ͿֻҪģҶӦ
ƿӣȱʱĻǾۣĸˮۿ𣿡
ۡ
ͷǿʺɫĵطӡһǣ䣬
ӡɵ˵
ʲôӣһͷˮ
ϴҲڲ˯ģȻǺһ˯ˡ
˯ǰʣ㲻֪˭𣿡
𣺡֪˭ֲ֪ϢҲȥƻڵ˵ģȥ˾ȥҪġ
˵ҵ
˵ǵȻ
ʣҵǸأԭ𣿡
þãΪˣΪشΪ˯ˣ˵ûȨȥԭ»ǲԭǣϾƻȣÿҲ־ٶǣ룬ҶľҲȻһ޷ǣǲǰңҶʼҵ衣Ҳˣ˵ģڣֻΪ˼βܾӪǵļҡ
ǿΪе

9-3

ŶǣҶС㣬ĺǴȰ˰죬ҽĻҲϳԶһ͹ԹԵģҺŶĳ̣ʿýڵʱ˵

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ԷʣҲڵʱҽ˵ʲôˣ
ûͽҪúõˡȻҿ쿵ˣ֫
٣ڸأһʣô
ʳܲһҪԡ
üͷҿɲԡ
˵꣬ͽضĻԣôӦҵģҺܲкô㻹Ӧöԡ
ΣÿӼܲԿҩһˡһ͵Ц
ܲˬ͵Цִ

޷£ȥ֮ش⣺
ǺͺãҲû˵ʲô
뷨˸֮Ĺ¡
ȻһЦ֪㰮ҡԺҲҺΪܺõѡ
ĵ죬ͽӵ˺ü绰ֱѣ־⹫š
һ죬æ
ǶԼͬǣֱʱκʱΡ
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⹫ʱʣҪѾǰĽˣ㻹ҪһԺ󻹳·ġ
⹫֪ڵʲôҲʹͬĻĹͬ⣬Ұ͹ˡ
ҲΪǶ죬Ҳǹ㣬ܳãڲȱ󣿡
⣬ЦˣʵðܳãҲôΪģǰǺȷˡҺұǿˣǰųⰮܾңھôֻ֮˵ЩҪˣమôǾͻԶమھͿʼɣôǻһأ⹫ţǲҲһô߹ţ޹زȱ
⹫ŻһЦ
磬ۺ찡
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ĬȻһֶӣ־̲סȿ˿ڣǵġ
𣿡
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ллҺܺá
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Ϊңû취֫ˡƽĻش
Ϊֺһģ
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֪һǵõʱ˵һ仰ϲ˾ϲˣڣһش㣬˱ǰˡ
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ҲܶԺǲŻ֪ԷԼͬĸĽܣʱмҵǻһЦõġ
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⼸죬ҽԺչ˽дҵġ˱߹
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㲻õģǹ˽˽һֵĺṫ˽֣˵Ǹ˵ʲôֻҪҲҲôġʼΪϡ
룬ÿ춼Ҫô۵Ĺ˵㿴Ҫ۲ҵĻҵĹһˡлУΪ˹ڸԣҵ̨𣿡

ĳҹͻ룬ҳȥȥǣǶ
вһôãûͷ쵽濴ô֪ж
䣬Ȳã򿪴һ
ûȤ
˵Ǿͱˡ
ҹһӵҹǡ
鲻Խп
˵ɡ
ٳˡ

š
һҵǾһٰһʢĻɡ
á
ԺҪܶܶຢӡ
á
Ȼȫˡ


β

裬裬ְְֲ֣ˡֻһķۿɰۿɰԼĪСƨһ峿͹йеΡ
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˵Ц߽˷䣬һҸͥĹ½һֱȥ



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ΪʲôҪױ
ҿŮ˶лױġ
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ˣͷߡ
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