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֪˶ʱľеһ񣬻Ӳ֪ʲôʱѾϨˣǴ˿ľѾû˳ʱĿ־壬վóһӣɻ󣬡ͣɽԳһƬůĹɽľһȥ
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ˮԽԽ죬ƺҪ˾ͷԼ䣬ľһ΢ˮһɳʪˮӭľеϲޱȣҲҪҿصľɴ
ӿĲľǰ˼ǰһ˿Ĺľ˷ܵļҪ˳ȴһݵǿǰľɵôսʲôطľо壬Ҫ֪Ҵķľ񹦣ŵҹ˴ԭһֱɱīƣںպյս״ľȾƾľڴԭݺ۳ңܹУΪ˲ԭİǿ֧ӳ䣬ҲĲԭǲͼ֮ǵԼСʱʼϰľʱ򣬸ľµһȵĸȴ޷ֵССĺľе𺳡
㣬ľϷһǿڵķΧУͣɹǺʱһɨ⣬ľǰǿͻɽֻһ·˾ХɽȴûŶټôһǶףǸɵСûϰκεķסɹǵĺԼõĲͲ峤ŮôȲľгЩصĴ˵еȤͬʱУһͷǾҪҵ˾Х죬ȻݺݵţȻҰԼһɭֲɽʿ̣̣
ԽԽŨأľķľѾе˼ȻеǺƺ޿ײ뵽ǰ߷ΧڣȻôķΣȴޱȣľ޷⣬ϾСȻľޱȣΪǳľ˿ЩڣΪʲôƽʱûкúõ˿ŷԼĹǳ˾ХȻûʲô򣬵ǿԼĺ򶷣ʮغڣȻܱѾ޷ˣľҧҧ˫ǰһӡʱ򣬸游ǰԪ޵۹ĵλʵӯʱ޵۹Ѫ½ڸһķ˵ǵħµһľϾʱģһַԣ˲ıԼǱľ˿ûѡ񣬡ȣľзһŹֵͬʱ˫ֽɽηӡɫׯϣľֳʥĹâһɰ˲ľ屬ӿֹ
ַŵܼӳķǷеĲ֮ܡںľƴʱŭĹ˲䱻ľһƳо𷨣ܼӳֵķţ½ϣҲ״½ǵõķһֱ½ŵľѧϵŭҵĹֹܷ۽Ĺ۽ͳΪ׻ƴ½ﴫµɱ߷Ͳܲٵķǰ´֮ΪĹ
ܼӳֽܣֽӡܣԣܣĹʹ˫ֽӡڳгܺһԻأ½ƾķʮ֣ŭǧ֣ڳԣӴµеɼһߣ
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ǰһƬľˣ޷ǰľһֺεȵ׳ۣ
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зķɳ棬ֳʮֵ֣ķ͵ĹâľĹâǴǵϷɳ˸Ʈ裬ʱۼɸֵ״ʱɢ鲼ǵ㣬ľԾˣͻȻףķɳ棬ʵǴ˵еľ飬ûиܵɳаĶ⣬ǷľߣΪľһʥĹ£ľɳӹģһ֮ľڣ˲佫ľĵ䡣ľǺǵЦˣ
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Х죭ľĺڿտɽлصǹ졣һֲĸоХ죭쵰ҳЩ˻ߵĺ
һƬտĻ
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Х죬֪ں棬ѽҺ£ľʵĿţԺҲ۸ˣХ죬
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Щľе㲣ˮ̶ߣĵ۾˯ˣǳĽëϹ飬ĽţХ졭
ľ˯ʱƽˮ̶ͻȻ΢΢Ĳƣˮᶯ΢죬ԽԽˮ濪ʼˣԭΧľķɳͻȻɢŵķţ
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ӰϲƽͣľǴ֮壬ټ֮ԸãûаĻģԵӰӴʱ̸ֻܵáĻΧľûаĲ͡
е𽥵ļˮ̶𽥻ָƽǹҲʧˮ̶һƬǽ壬ްʱɽֻظһƬһĳţ 



 
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ԭĲݿݻΣΣԭ컹ݻ̣ɳ۳ңӥչᣡ
ͲӪһϲÿһ˵϶ЦݣӪæµţţʱӪţƺڵȴʲô
һ׵𣬴ڲƺһ㣬ÿһ˵ң
ˣˣӪе˸ĺš
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˴Цţүˣʲô̵̲ģǺǣδԹˣս£ûЯⲮһ˵Ҫлǣеﷱ࣬Ҳδܸү밲͵ĵǰʵʿƥǣ˽˵ʲôǺǣ²֪ϳӳϳﻻʱ䳤ˣҲȻˡǵڵ۶Уȴ˾񱼣ϳЩϳ棡ǺǣȻܣ
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ʿҲ¶һ˿֮ɫĬһᣬ̾һε˵ʥ˵ҵԷιʥҳ̷ΪľҳԶ׻ƣ̸֮أϳ񷨣ƳιһȺС˾ߣͶãѾ˵ʥѵҳƽ𣡻Ȼ书ǿι֮ȴʥѽ
ӪǰһȻˣþûпڡð죬ˬһЦǺǣ㿴˵ЩʲôϳãǣͷõҲ˸ʵ죬˵
¶һ˿΢Цʱԭеƴɢʿˬʵ˵ʹ۹ʶǸһȣֶŮһᣬѾĶ࣬ʲôǺǣ˵ĿǾǲֶŮһˣ룡
룡æ
ǺǣǲҪｲЩһ𣡡˵ţʿŲ˴߽Ӫء
׻һ꣬޵۹ʵӯǻεʮεۣʷƳɵۡӯ׳ѧҪ£ùʦŵһݣеĴȨ䣬ȻӯҲһӢ֮ˣѪ½Ǽ£ŵͶãʹӯ𽥵Զ½һسʹó͢޵۹ʢѽԶȥ
嵱ڸս£ӳʼ峤֮λڶİѾĥ岿ϼ֧ţ峤֮λңҲΪʹӳһ彥û䣬ǵĻҲ޷ڲԭһԾŶãûвͼĴ֧֣Ҳֻһʵ峤ˣ
Ϯĳϣ֪İӰ쵽۹ˣһмߵΪȶ壬ֹ޵۹ĻңԼŮտǰ壬ջᲮ͵壬׼Ӧⷢ
տսͬȻֲͬԸȴٲȻսתСᰮ书游ڣΪͨȫϴ׾տԸǿж֮磬Ȼ껪ǹ֮̳֮Ҳʱ̾տΪжؽͥ
˴տ̽Ϊԭڰݷӳ֮󣬾ʹҴҵ˲Ͳ䣬ϾĲͲ䣬ԭΪǿĲ䡭
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˲˵ĻտһЩ˽⣬ʵǺľһɽʲôˣ
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տĽԼŮĶʱȤ£Цէµĺ룬ĵĴЦ
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տŲˣа̾˵Ķһ£Ŀڵʹ壬֪οĳ͢
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΢΢ͷտȻûеõԼҪĴ𰸣ȴȻ˵ֶŮҲͲϳ񣬷Եʥ涨µķƹߣ׽һСˣдҽǰԭܵ䣬ӦҪĴң˵ҳһƬ֮ϣ⽭ɽĲףⰲǲף򲻿ΪһЩСˣ۹ĻҡЩսϣʵڲȥԸֶŮǰϸ䣬ӳȨȶƣòʮ꣬͢ȻжʱҪķ֣
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ܵ˲˵Ĳģտȴû׵ԭ˵Ա㣡
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˿׶֮ϣһֱš
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ǰݺ¡ʥɽĲľԴӻӰʬ壬гȺӰΧߡֻеԼڵδйĳ棬ת֮£ľȻѾﵽ˷׺һ߾磬ܴ󷨵ļӳ֮£ڶڵľʯһȭ顣Լľѣ
ȻѾû뿪׶Ϊûҵ˾Х졣ڶеһ֮УľͻȻԼһ޷뿪Х죡Х컹ţڶеȴţʮ죬ڶڣڵȴ˾Хĳ֣
ʮУе״ֹֻΣһαһңǿľ޷ܡʮУԼһ澢ԺδɢԼߵӰʬ壬Ӱ潫ԼڵľڣʹľǼҴķľﵽһִδйˮڵľ硣ӰΪҪľ˼Ҳ޷ҵ𰸡նΧӰ棬ߵӰҲߵ
ʮȥˣ˾Хûг֣ǲ˴еʿҵľľӪأľĻгȺӰ档صӪ֮ľӰ氲һ䳱ʪĵض֮Ժ󣬾ͽԼڷУҲʹǲȥ˵ҲǣֻХǼɫ´ĳֱ߽ķУ˵һϣ߳˷䡭
׺ľ˵ʲôҲʮ֣εѯʰ峤ǰֻǹЦһЦûлشòʮȴҲ޿κΣ
쿪ʼľٺͲеĺӴ֣һˣڵؽкӰ֮⣬ŰѧϰһЩ䣬پɳڲԭ֮ϡ
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Ǵεʥɽһ졣ɽ̽׶ȫˣʲôԭʼûв
쿪ʼѾĬõľͻȻʼͲе˽Ӵڰָ֮£еŮټ齨һ֧ŮľΪ֧ȡΪη磡ףһΪ˼׶ˣη֧ͬԭηһ޷׽˿ʼҲֻΪľֻˣ˿ûнһ֧ŮɵСŮӳڲԭ϶ɵеĳԿྫѪеĿҰ⺷һ֧˵ıη꣬ͽΪĲͲһ֧˶ӴͷѪò˳Ծľĳ֮Ǿ˵ĲŸò޷ţ龮ƽպԼ˵˵޲һеģʥɽŭΪһŮة໶
ҲڹȥһУԭʼ֣½ϡľҲʼıηڲԭεʱһ죬ʱһ²ز֮Сľ߻вĵһҰţټϱηǿսľĸ߾书кųǲԭһ֮ƵĲͼ壬˭ȥľ
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ǲȴԿЦжٵǿ֮ɫףľǲѽ˿ǲôῴءϣ˽ľڻУǰ˹ôϣľʱһԼһҡΣȻ󷢳ЦľûУľֻ§ΰ壬Уȴİ˵ҲǰٸнһָӶȰ۹⿴ŻеŮľͷɵѾͷôˣһ־ֵĻ꣡ǺǺǣ˿Цˣ˵ľͻȻľĶֵ˵ѾͷԽԽˣֶˣ
֣ľ৵¶һĨϼŽ
ΨʱľŻ¶һСŮ̬ò˵ãɵЦ
֣ôˣԭϻʲôŮһ֮ľϴɻı飬Ųˣʵ
һ仰˵˲еĲ֮̾һ§ľӪȥʱľ˳ڸ׵ĻУƬ̵ܰ
ʱӶĺһƥϵ˻ûеѾԶԶĴľѽѾͷôܵô죿һϹͷˣôĿۣ˵ţǿ˵ǰͣ£һˣ˵
Ͳֻһ˸˵˹оͿԼеĵһı˳ȥ˲Ц˳ǰİﻹаĶŵӣƤñţϹ˳ϵ鲼ҲЩңҪЦжЦ
ôӣǺǣֱҶϲˣЦӯӯ˵
ʱŷ˲ǰϲɵ¶ε顣ݺݵĵһ۶ڲľ޿κε˵峤ѽСѾͷӹһ·ļǵľܡѾˣôܹѾͷƴǣһ·Ͻ׷ϣǰҸۻˣ
Ŷʲôżظϣ˿һߵľȻʵ
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ҪǸ˵ûȰ˵ľѾüĿĽ߳
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ٺ٣ĲǱ峤ң峤ô붼֪ǺǺǣ
ЦǺǵĲˣεҡҡͷĿ˿ԶŸӵ飬þû˵
 



 
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Цݣտһ§סЦͣӶðտſ˵ãѾаûмˣԽԽƯˣ
˵ЦˣľһҰѾͷȵϽеĴҷ緶ľ˵˵˵ţһտ㣬ԭϵķɳ󣬱𴵻˽㣬ǵСõķ˵ɡ
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ӷźͲ˵̸УտѾ˶²ʮͬôؼҪľ̬ȡǲᵽһ˾Х죬տϣܹ˽˾ХľоһλҲЩ㡭
СտĿľķ䣬ȴⷿж鼮ָ鼮Ŀʫ飬䣬սߣ̷ɵȵȣʷ鼮տ˲һ㶣ľķ䵹һ鷿黹飬ûŮӼӦеĸʽѣҲûʲô֬տôе֡
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տȫ޷ǰһĻľȻԼһȨңô˵ҲԭΪǿĲĹⷿаݻ֮ϣʵãѵЩԼʰļͲЩ𣿡
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տʱŷЩԣʴǵĺ޷ܡȫ֪ʱȻʼɬԼǿܹסԼɫʮѿʵľãʲô˼
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ϵߺ֮ɫðľŵ˾Х죡
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ҲĲһֱŭһâȴת۶šźƵЦݣ˵ĪҪǽһʱʧڣԭ
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أҰǺأտʵҲľĹסˣϴǵɫ㻹Ͽܣ
ܣܣľϴſЦ˵ڲԭϣҰ׶һԣһƥܹܹҰǣǸʱҵСѾˣҹʱֻһСŮһʮСŮŴˣҲ˵
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ʱѾϣ벻ô֪ϳ˰֣һĹңʹʱҲûзңĸˡХѾߣѾϣʱǲˣǿŴŽҰɢʱХֻǶ˵һ䣺С㣬ǵþˣȻͻ赹ڵϡֱһ̣ҲŷХвʮɼǵ˺ۣѪѾѽ͸Ǹʱҿˣľ˵۽˸žӨ⡣
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տĻľͻȻӿֳһ˿ɫտ˵Ҳ֪ţһţһҵģ
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ľ˿տǽɫۺһҸ飬˵ΪѾ֪Ϣ
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УտϣľʮĿɽϯضһ̲տȻָԼһĺһڣЦ˵Сʧˣ㲻Сðɣ
ô᣿ǺǣҽΪЩСʲôﲻģտʵЦЦȻֽʵСղ˵ѾǸ˾ХϢһ飿
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տͷ˵ҵȻ֪˴ԭҸ׵ǲǰμӻˡʵҲ֪һŮӣҪ뱣סҵľλͱҪ׿ԽĹѫӳһҵ۹ĹѾ٣ӳ峤ְλôԵ۹ԣҽ´󹦣ӶסҼҵĵλ
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֪һ֧ӳһûʲô⡣ԭߵĿ¾ǲֻͣҪһ岻վССһѣô˴ε峤ΣӳĪ˵տһ̾ʵҲ֪ӳ۷粻٣ǶԻһֱмӣڳ͢д󳼵ȻźܺõӡǴ˴ӳܾΣôܻܿʹó͢ôҲһѽ
СԻȰ˵֣˳峤ᣬͷɣ
ͻȻտһĶͷЦ˵㿴ô˵Щˡղô֪˾ХϢ㻹û˵أ
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ţˣղ˵ȥ䣡տѵ
ǵģȥ䡣̸һЩ֮󣬹һģ˵Ĳԭ¡峤ͻȻ˵вԭǰѾȫˣҵʱ֣ԭϾȻܹЩȫߣһ˲顣峤ѯʣ˵ԴһǰʥɽŭԭͻȻһص
صտֲʵ
ǵģصһ˫ʮ꣬׿һƥںڵԣϴһڽףκʱһЦݡֳһѳصķ컭ꪣ˵ٶϱһޱȵնϣһǴûмľʹ󹭡ڲԭϣҪǡȻƽʱЦǺǵģǵŭʱϾͻһʮֲֿߣԾ֮ɱ¶ɢһ˿ֲɱ˵ţľ˿ѾЩտ
˵ѽô˵ˣľͣտʵ
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ߵǰĻа˵ôһѽ 



 
 һ ħХ 

ȵôԭޱȵ֮Уͣȣµһ֮û¹һˮԭ׻һ꣬ӭ˰ѵһĴ󺵣ԭϵݱȵ̫ɹƣѾûյдСĲԭ䶼ǨƣѰһˮݷأڹĲԭϣԿΪɿʶ󡭡
ΪһˮݣѾнûȼյսȼԭ֮ϡ벿֮ĦϣͻȻӳ䲻ϵѹͬ˯Ļɽһ㣬ʱᱬҵң
Ҳļһԭ϶𾪵ϢǾӳ佫ͲͲףͲ֮Ůľھ֮ʱ¼޸ӳ峤ӳƣϢԭˣ˭֪ͲǲԭΪǿĲ䣬ҲǱϣȡӳΪһ죬ͲͬӳףҲ˵˲һ彫ս˳ʹ˸еԾޱȣͲѸеʧ
һ˵ǾǲľӳƵĽףǲ˵һֶΡҲ˵ֻԻӳӶڻ˴ϳ䲻⣬һٶ峤֮λһʱָ˵ڲԭʹòԭϵĸ䶼ã
ڹȥˣΪѰһա˸ɺжδãеһʹճ֮⣬Գޱȵ˷룡
ڲԭеĽǣӳĴӪڽеһڻԻ͵ĸߴУӳɫڴвͣ߶šڻԻ͵ĹӳһʢӳһڲԭϵȨĸ׶˼ķǮ޽ɡڽʱ򣬹Ǻľ˼ȫĴ죬Ͼӳһ߷緶ȡıʯʹůʹȵ죬֮УȻʮֵˬ
ӳ˿ûие⣬˶ͬͬһһȡͷһֻСèڲͣץţÿֵĴţֵ˵ͷþõ޷
Ļ˳峤ľŮ޸ԼĶӣǷбıǷľ˵ģõĲһ֮ƣʵΪտԭòȥҵӣԾڱϴӦ֮ʱͻȻ֣ǸʱѶҲᣡ
ÿÿ뵽Щӳо;þ޷ƽ˵ʵտǰͲףǶԲ˵һ̽ԼĶԼףӳƳ˳Ժζ֮⣬Ҳûбı¡ҪȢľǼֱһЦԼӵĶЩ䡣ӳ뷨ǲ˾ҪԼԣôһʮֵǿӲǻл͵أôӦʮתжȥ¡˾ҪԼԣôԼͿԳտڵĻᣬûǰһʵʹܹΪ峤ǵòֵ֧峤޷˳ʱ˽ҵǿѵľأлأԼԺͲ˺ĳ̸һùȨ粮һ壬ͬʱҲԱʾӳȷʵ޷Ͳľ䣬ȡò˵ĺøУ
ڣʹĴӦʹӳ֪ӦǺá׽ãȴ޷͸˵˼ͨͬķտõĴ𰸾Ǵɲľ׿ڴӦа١
ôܣľ۸߹ôῴԼǸ쵰СӣҲ˾ȻԣʾԭʾͬԼŮ¼ޣ澿ʲôϷӳԽԽͷۣʹԴͻȻͷĺˣϻ쵰ʲôϷ
߿ĺڿյĴлصϢ
ףôˣӳһǰһ߽˴֮СΪ׵һӳĶӣӳơһɫĳòҲʮֵĳڣɫֳ̬֮ɫھɫʹȦںڡ󣬻һúɴˣĳ࣬ǴȵĲ˫˸ľ⣬Կ˵Ϊһ㣡ߵӳǰӳЦ˵ף˵ЩƣףܲΪ׽ЩǷ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ӳһԼĶӣ֪ΪʲôоһɻȻȼȥ㣬ұ˽ǣҲûпӰҪˣôǺһСһ飿
ٺ٣ףǰ콭أȢһС檣ǶˣǺǣҾȥ˿ҲûڽǡȻ֪ӳЩջ𣬵ӳһ飬˿ӳĻ
ӳȻ֪ӳ˵ġĺ⣬ǰһƳӳƵϣŭţĶʲôʱˣȻȥֶҷѾտΪ˵ýòòͬľĻ£տ֪ɵĺ£ôͣ
ʲôңǰҲǿŮ˾߲·˵ˣֲڽǣڳأٴ忴ģտǧ۲˵ˣұͲȢͼҵǸѾͷ书ôߣôƷӳһƣӳƶʱһһڵ
ӳӳ˷ĺԼ˵ʱŭرлһˣ˵ĲԼӣȥԲˣӳǰһһɱʱϷɭɱӳƲһӳݺݵ˵ΪĽܹȢ˲ͼҵǸѾͷ㽫ӵһ֧ǿľӣһʾǧ꣬ǽǰ;ôҪ֪˵ˣ쵰ÿ֪Ů˵ϻ˼ƽնЩŬôẦδϱ˵ӳֺ̧ݺݵĳӳơ
峤ϢŭһֱվӳͻȻڣһΣӳƵǰָƽ죬ӭӳơ
ͻĻһӳϰԵù׵һָƱץһץˡƺѾԤϵӳı仯΢΢һΣָȭģƮƮһȭӳȥ
ģ޾һȭӳɫȴʱ䡣ɫͻȻʮֵأ籼׵һץʮֵĻֹ֮ȴһǿİڵӿӿİڿйͬһһ㣬ǿоʢȻϵı飬Ǵ¶ͬԾС
¡ǿڿײӳ˵ͬʱˣڿеɾȥɢһŵϢһߵӳɫѾ԰ֽʴ˷θİΧţľ޷
ӳе˵֮Уһ޷ݵĹ֮֮˳ֱϵľѭ޼޷⺮⣬֮ѪҺᣡڴ˵Ȼ죬Ϊвӳڵת֮˲䱻ȥӳ˿е޷ݣȲ˵ֹ˲ԼĽУѾ˵Ĺһ㣬֮׼ʵеԾǰӳӳƵһ˿ûаľͻһָȴǡɵԼķ֮ʹԼı֮һץӳһĲѧڤץȻΪڤǴȴֵĺ౳ֽۣ˿ĵһȭȴ̺ı仯УʹԼ͵һץú֮󲻵òϡԭϺʱ˵Ķ֣ӳо첻ѡ
˫۵ľ֮ɫ˲ţӳ¶Цݡ˵ȻȻɴǴղŵһνӴʵҲ١
˭ӳĿ˵û뵽徹Ȼʿ
˺ǺǵһЦӳʩ񣬡ʦ֣Сҹ磡
˵ĳƺӳе֣̱ڵϴڵĴϢӳҹҲ治ѣǾĿԳΪҹˣð죬ӳʵǺˣΪγƺΪʦ֣Һ󲢲ʶ㣡
Ǻǣʦ㵱ȻʶҡչʦҪʦʺãҹ繧Ķӳ˵
չʦĸһӳĶУʱӳֵĺ˪һɨ⣬¶ޱȾص飬˿ҹ磬˵չʦΣӳѾжʮûаݼչʦйĽѽ
չʦһжãЩɽޣ¯࣬ѽ֮ǺǣֻЩëһֱûиı䣬Щ˻ҪǿҡСܶеСɽʦ˵Сǰʦֶѧϰúõİʦ֣
ӳ϶ʱ¶Ȼ飬ҹ磬Ҳûлɵ롣Ȼ֪ҹ˵ëʲôƾһ㣬֪ҹðġ΢΢ĵ˵ͷӳЦˣ˵ǺǣԭСʦܣ˵ղŵĽ֣ôܹ˽ҳֵı仯ţȻӢ۳ѽ
ҹ绺Ľϵɴժ£ӳӳеģһŷ׿סͬӣתһֹĹʣ·˿˿ĺ֮Сüޣͦıң΢΢̵Գĸ߰ʹԵԽӽô˿˵Ǽﵽľ磡ߴģһϮΪͨĺɫǾķ͹ɡվ͸һݵѹֻ΢΢ЩݣͷԵƣһзͻȺķɣ
˿ӵվӳƣӳüͷһ֡ͬ䣬ȴ˵ķֱа̾һӳʾҹ£ԼҲڵеĴϡʦܿȥƺԭѽӳʵ
ҹ΢΢ǷЦ˵Ǻǣʦֺ籾һӣڼҵ䣬ԭұչʦʦΪӣҹ硣ʦܴûԼʵѪҺԵճ֮ʱʦңȾѡ壡
ţţһԵӳƴ˿Ҳ˹ߵҹǰָͻȻ쵰һȻƭңģԭռӵıˣҸ㣬ûţ
쵰ĶȻҶʦ˵ĲҹδڣһԵӳѾŭ
ҹɫƽ˿ӳƣͻȻЦվǶӳ˵ʦֲǺǣ˵ʵӳֵʶȣֻǵʱö˵Ҳûиҵݣ˵ҵĲԣӳֵܿڳˬ֮ԣʿıɫ˺޾ͺޣͰԭĹأ˵ţ§ӳƵļЦ˵ֵܣҪǺǣһֵƣĹأ
쵰ʦ壬࣬ȴ˵ļʶֺУΪɷˣӳжҹкøУӳƣûкѵ
Ǻǣʦ֣ӥ겻֪չᣬȻһˣҹЦ˵
ǣǣҹ˵һҾѵңÿһΰùѪͷʲôƵģʵĹӳǰЩҺ֣ҵϣҹĻӳƺĶ
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ˣˣ֪㿴Ҳ˳ۣ߿԰ɡ˵ţӳŤͷȥûйһᣬϷʵڵ𣺡ףⲻС𣿺ٺ٣ż첻زִ˲١ǲǲʲôñүһЦ˴֮С
ӳҹ磬εҡҡͷҹҲЦˣ˵ʦֺαطգǺǣʦֶ仹Сֻ֪ˣǺǣҲʱ䣬Ϳˣ˵ţһ٣˵ʦ֣ղŽʱ򣬿ʦɫʮֲãķգ֪ܷ֪СܣҲСܿ԰Щ⣡
ΪǸһӣǡ
ҹЩɻĿӳ˵ⲻǺҲʦֶ˼ܾͻı࣡
˵ʦѽ㳤ԭ鲻˵ţӳе˵ص˵ʦܣ˵ôܹһ«װʲôҩ޷²ѽ
ҹǺǵЦʦ֣һΪʲôأٺ٣һôȻѾӦ˻£ʦֻʲôģ壬ѵܶôٺ٣ȲϼһŮţı£ҲܲǱŮˣ˵ʦֻܷĵ׼յĻºͻ˴䣬Ҫܱ˵ԡֻҪܹ죬ٺ٣һеͶǵУ
ӳĵ˵ͷͻȻЦˣһɨϵƣʦܹȻмʶǺǣʲô£峤֮λԺҿΣ
ǺǣʦֲھУһʱЩСھ⣬ԿһЩҹҲЦ˵
ǵѽӳЦҹҲЦݶڲ䣬һĺâ
˵Цڴлصš

һ꣬ѾɺµĲԭ»ָ˴ǰһҹĴһҹɺԵĺһҹ֮峺ĺˮ
͸ˮԭһʵϼ£гʪڵһĨӳڲԭϵʱ򣬼žĲԭʼ³
˴Ĵ飬οڴ֮ǰһҪδĻʽһ磬ǾͿʼæµ߶ڽ⣬Ϊʽͻ˴׼
ʱչԭĿɳۣͬʥһۼˮӿڻ˴Ļ᳡֮ϡӳҹӳƣһ˻᳡֮СϴЦݣͣĺǰμӻ˵ĸ峤кյһ꣬ӳг첻ѣҹĽ£ⳡԤʾӳ佫Զԭ֮ϣ
ӳԽ᳡һ̣˶ˡûյĽûǰĸ߲ʣ϶Цݣдÿһǰ峤峤ҲЦݣǵУȴڵȴſһϷ
ʱķɿ죬תۼѾҪʱӳ˿Ѿڻ᳡еĸ죬Ȼҹ绥һۣ˵ͷһ˸䣬󲿷ֵĲ춼ѾʱֻʱһӳƺͲľ˵ĻԼһȻͿʽʼ˴䡣ӳ˿мѣ֪ӳδ˵ʱ̼ˣ
һʹҴҵǰӳĶӳüͷ΢΢һ壬һᣬֵԸ˼䡣͵˵ͷ£ȻɿǱȥ
ʦ֣ʲô𣿡ҹЩ仯ʵӳЦЦһҹ磬˵ûʲô£ǹĹﵽڻûǰҲҲûг֣
᲻ʲôף
ٺ٣ġĻ˴䣬ΪҪӡô᲻ο첮Ǹ϶Ҳһǣ!᳡֮УѾƵİţģʲô⣡ӳ˵
䣬峤ӳûµʱ򣬻᳡һ߿ĺźʮƥɳ۵糸ĳ˻᳡֮СΪ׵һˣһƥ쳣ĺڰִ߱ϣɫսۣһϸխս˷Ծսϵĺɴժȥ¶һڷšʮңͭ۾˸⣬üбޣŨܵĺ룬ͬһѡվӳǰͬһͷʨ䣬͸ڵɱ
˫ֱȭӳ˵ӳ峤òһɺãӳ΢ЦҲæֱȭЦ˵͹峤ˣǺǣӳˣ˵ţ˿ϵ꣬˵Ƿֶû뵽ȻҲ˵ĴˣǺǣӢ۳꣬˹Ȼû˵
ǿԭĵ䣬峤˿˿꣬¶һĨЦݣ˵Ŷӳ񣡡
ǰӳһҾ
ʱӳơľ˳ΪܡԸ򣬲˵ƽһŮһĺߡһս֮ϣ̾ͳһͷ͵ʨɱ£ηУ游׹սɳ˳ΪĬɱ
ӳæֲЦ˵ֶؿǺǣЩΪ峣˵֣Ѫʿڲԭ˭˲֪ٺ٣ٳһ޵ʿ֮ѽûд𻰣һâתۼţĬ˵˹ı
ǺǵЦЦûӳ˹֣ԼƵϯλȥĬĬĸ󣬲ĳȡ
ʦ֣һô˵ţӳҹʵӳŹıӰâ֣ҹʻֻ΢΢һЦϼһǹһųԭڲͲ䣬ʵۺıҲ򵥣һڶ̶̶ʮʱԭһ˵Ĳ䣬չΪ˽յľ棬ٺ٣϶ͲǸ϶һѶԸ㿴Ǹ𣿡
ˣָղʦΪνѪʿ
ٺ٣ҪСˣ⼸УＸѾٳսսԭδһΰܼѪʿ
ʹߣٵµӳҪǵѪʿ֮ʱ᳡ٴһ߿ĺӳæֹס˻⣬ӭ᳡⣬ԭĸ죬Ҳͬʱվ϶¶ޱ顣
տǺɴ棬һѩս۽ĳе߱¶͸һˬӢˣӳͬ´߽˻᳡Ŀһۻ᳡еλ죬ȻĶӳ˵ӳ壬ô廹û
·;ңԶټһ꣬ЩˣӳĻشտһĨĺâ漴¶ɫ̾һ˿ɫ˵ٵȵȰɣ˵ţ᳡ϯλȥ·վһԣԼͬźɴҹʱͻȻ̧ͷһҹ硣
ҹ΢΢ǷտֱĸеҹϷʮϤƺܵһʱ벻һ֮ٴԼĳϯλȥ
ʱȻĵʼûг֡᳡ʼЩۣе˶ڲͣĵ²šֻйϴŵЦݣĿЩӳտտҲʼеȻõ˲ľı֤ϾֻǴľеõģȻҲʾͬ⣬֪оЩʲôС֪ΪΣտееĿⶼڿЩˣ
Ϊʲôʼһк᳡ɧеĲҲ׷׵ʣӳ˻ҵĻ᳡֪ƽϢŤͷߵտտҲһãɫӳеЩ
ӳ峤λ˵ķˣΪβأȥЩǻЩɣ׵ĹͻȻ˵˹ﻰеļӳݺݵĵһ۹ȴ÷ʱһֱվҹ總ߵ˵ʦ֣ҪٵȴʲôˣʹȻҪСʵֻҪʦ¶峤֮λ᲻ҿҪʦҪϣҿûٵȴȥˣ
ҹĻӳĵ˵ͷȻվҪ˵᳡һ󼱴ٵ𣬳ûüһӿ۶˲˻᳡֮У˵һ˻᳡֮У۾׶ϣͷһۻ᳡еˣûκεı顣ޱĲľ
۾ɨ˹˵һĨײ΢ЦŹ΢΢ĵ˵ͷҲסտӳæվ첽ߵ˲˵ǰӳЦŹ˵֣ôڲôҺõѽ
ֶŮ壡տҲֶԲʩ
۾ɨտжȻһĨ⣬Ŀһտ˵˲ǵ۹Сǧ֮ĳƺʵڵ𣡡
տǱɵһĿŲˣþõĲ֪˵źáһкǾԼͲ֮ĹϵѾҲ޷ָյˡ
ûտ˵ͻȻ¶һĨЦݣӳǺǵЦ˼ѽӳ֣մ꣬ӳ־úˣҲ˺տֲ֮гΣӳпϲѡζſԪһ壬ͬһֲ֧һ壬ȥ˲вôԭܹвԼģֻС۽ǲĿһվϯλϵĹ
Ǻǣֺ˿ҼΪ׼ҡӳͨãԭϱؽһƬľ󣬹˵ţӳֿ˿ڲĬȻĲľЦ˵ľѽ겻Խˮˣ
ľȻϣֻǵһЦʲôҲû˵ʹӳʮֲаԵ߶ôļӣô˵ҲδĹȻϣһ仰Ҳ˵ûаļҽ̣
˷׶Ц˵ӳֲҪ֣ľףЩߣǺǣǿʼɣ˵Żʾľϣ󲽵Լϯλľڲ˵ಽʼձĬȻɫ
ӳľٶĲҧ˫ȭ¸±졣ʱһֱվҹæǰ˵ʦ֣³ç̳ɽڻǷʱ򣡡
ӳһǿԽͷŭѹ£еϯλе˶ҶھĿӳڡ
λ죬Ĵӡһǻڼѡһֵ峤ҲȮӺͲ峤Ůľ׵ӡǺǣ˫ϲţԤʾʢò˥
ӳݽʱ򣬶ͻȻһе֪֮Ҳ֪ԼǸǸȮӣ⣡ȻСĴ˻᳡ÿһ˵ĶСʱ᳡һЦ
ϻ쵰˵˭󡣿ûеӳ˵һԵӳѾ˳ָŹ
Ǻǣ˭Ҿ˵˭֣˵ǮģȨģû뵽ӳףﵭ˵
ϻ쵰ӳƴ
ҸӳƣĽվļգվڹĹͻȻվ˳˫¶ĺâ˵ɱΣֱӳơЩ壬ڴ˿ɢǿӳεסһһ٣˵
ԹǿֲɱӳƲɵɫ˲ò԰ޱȡһԽӳƵӳæסӳƵ壬ǰһࣣһ죬ײӿܡ
ֵܣαضŭأһԵҹ翴˵ΣæվƮƮһƣȴǡɻ˷ǣӳ͹ɫ΢΢һ䣬һ
ǺǣֵܣƵЩ£ֵϢŭ˵ţԹ˵峤˴ҪƵܼƽϡƵܴϲӣ統ƵԵл
磬αغӳأ˭ҹɵķֿˣӳƶʱ׳˵ҹ¶һĨɬЦݣû뵽ӳ˵ĲݰԼղŶַֿˣȫȡΪ֮ףǵԼηеκһˣ˵ܹսʤ˺Ǿһ򵥵飡
ӳƣҹӳһ¶ЦݵĲ˺ҡͷտ˫պƻհȡӵ֪ЩͷΣŭ
Ŷ°ɣﳰĿһµӳƣЦһ˼ҵһĶֵأǲҪǵ˼Ҳˣʱ˽ڣҸӿǡ
ﻰӳæ˵Ȯ֪е˹ֲ֣Ҫ֣
˿̹Ѿ˻˹Ŀһӳ¶һĨЦЦЦû˵ʲôֻһҹ磬һĨ顣
᳡ѾƽӳԳһɨһۻ᳡еλ죬ǵϻǿµЦݣɵ̾һһʱиеЩȤղſľѾת۲
ӳһŸղŵĻ˵ȮӺľɻ飬Ϲأڹ֮û˿ڷԣôŻ¾㶨ǧտ⹫ˣ֪λûʲô
տһʱеһ͵ۿһԱߵĲˣ˴˿Ҳڿտ¶һĨЦݡ
᳡û˷ԣӳտ˵£Ϊλ˹
аԽп࣬տ֪Լվ䵱˵ĻԶҲҪٺͲһָɺáµͷҲûнƴǣҧվٴ͵һȻЦĲ˺ްĲľǿ¶ЦݶԳλ˵տ࣬ûʸ䵱ʲôˣȻӳ峤񰮣λҲûôտˣտڿʼһ
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տҧ˵

ǺǣȻû˷ԣô
˭˵û˷ԣľܼ޸ӳƣͻȻлصһۻޱȵһװһɫ綸Ȼڻ᳡ſڣ 



 
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ʲôǰңۻӳвȻŭʵЩ˳ӣӳѾ޷ȥĺе
ǰļͳȥ˴ôܹ˲ͣĽ֣ǰ˺͹ǶʵۺһǲʲôٶԻ᳡֮⣬Ȼ˲ʲôͷǣһӵϡ
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ϴһ֪ʲôƳɵߣ֮Ͽ̻·Щƣƣƣƶˮתʹ˾̾ʹ˷·ӿľ֮оͣϢ졢гصޱߵĹ𺳣ڻ᳡ţ˫۸ߣ͸һɷ
ħ񣡡᳡еһЩʧĺƺõ֤ʵտ͵͵һ͵ľȥֻľƽ֮ϣ͸ޱȵľϲ
վӳĺȵʲô˾Ȼһ˴䣿֪ħʲôӳ˵αסԼ峤֮λΪҪģ飬˿ûаĹġ
ħþûлش˫۸ߣңңվڲľ˫жʱ͸ޱȵɫ᳡оĵģе˶ȴĻش𡣹˺þã˵ʲô˲Ҫؼľܼ޸ӣ
Լֶ˵󱲣ȻԲѣˣҸϳȥӳЦµļʹ˵
ŵǹǺųħ񡭡
ħ֮ϣ¶һĨ˲תͬһ˵ߣ΢΢ҲκεĶֻһţһƳĲҽǰȻѪ֣ǰͼͬһʱ䱻룬ɽѪУŸ࣬ӷڻ᳡֮Уںոճ֮ʱħȻ϶Ϊһ֮һӵļ֮Уľӿ˲仯趯һŶħĶܼ򵥣ֻǼ򵥵ظһǾ򵥵һȴֵܹصĴͬһȻûаĵƲݣޱȣƴ
һҵĽϵ𣬼žĲҽصڻ᳡ϿաһԵ˼޷ħĶֻ֮УֳһĨĨĺ⣡оǹ˺ܳʱ䣬ʵգ֮飬ħڻ᳡֮УǻɫĴ鲼ûаѪۣеĺĿɫЩ԰׵ӳ
ĵʮ߲ȱȫʬѪ˲佫ݵȾɺɫжϵıڵ桭
ӳɵõһһԵտɫЩףкɴ棬ʹܹ֡ʱӳߵӳߣӳĶ˵˼䣬ӳɫȻ䡣˿һԵĲ˺ϴϲɫľ˵֣Ҫ峤֮λôֱ˵αְϷ
ٺ٣ӳ˵ʲô۾һӳ˵
ħǲǾԭǸСͣ˾Х죿
ٺ١ϰԵͷңȥ˭ٺ٣˭֪Ҽҵļ˾Хʥɽʧ٣ħʲôô֪ͣһ£˵Ҫӳһ£˾ХҲһûаĹϵΪָƽ֮ӳֲҪΪ˼˾ҵͷأ
ӳʱ֪εĻشͣһᣬͻȻЦ֣Ȼ˵ôСܾͲˣ˵ţڳеħֻûпᵽ˾ХĸֵʱҹбϲĹâ
ļޱȣӳ᳡֮С⻬ĳг޷ĵҰ˲תȫĻ᳡УȻűɱ
˾Х죬ժߣҪװŪһССļ񣬾ȻҴ˴䣬Ҫħ񾿾кα죡ӳһһٵ˵
ǳδͻȻϺݺݵһ壬ħ⿴ƲһޱȵӳĵĿյ֮ͬǴǲԼͷӳɫ˲ɷף᳡еĵ汻Ǵ꪿͵΢΢һ˵˲¶ɫ
֣ɢŹϢժ£һźȵ׶ʱ˵֮Сӣһİ̺Զһֱ۽ǣʹǴӵԵޱȣŨü棬ںڵУȴ͸һּᶨϴһĨЦݣϣԶԶվڲľ
촽䶯峺ˮ˲ľʳХ졭ֻԼźţڲĲȻȥ꣬Ȼǿȥʮֲֿĳ̺ۣľȻϳǰħԼ˼ĺ˾Х졣ûб䣬ȻƤЩ𪣬϶һ̺ۣǺЦݣںͫļᶨâͷԵӺľûаĻɡ
˫ľΣ˿ûӳǿıȡ˾ХðŶӳ˵ľܼ޸Ȯӣ
̶̵һ仰ʱóеĲǺȻЦ˺͹ƽϲ΢΢ĳ鴤š
˵ɣӳޱ飬ͬɮ붨һ㣬ĺЦ֮ʵ
ľˣ˾Хĸ֡
Ѿǿ˰ĹͲͻȻЦһЦҪʱʹû᳡еĺЦӵҹտڴɴ޷˵ı飬ǴеЦԿ̵Ƕô࡭
˾Х죬֣һֱĬӳ˾Х컰еԢ⣬ʱŭһѽ߼еĳһ˾Х졣Ŀųӳƣ˾Х¶ЦݣΡȻԵ΢΢һͬӳƣͷǳĶɢȵʱһתŻ棬ʵһĳ˵Уͬһ㣬ӭӳеĳ
û뵽ӳƻͻȻɱû뵽˾ХµԾȻı仯ӳɫʱ䣬аһãƶˣ̼Ĵһ
潣磬ڿлһֱĺߣӳеĳûкǺɫӴ;ȵӿԼڵˮֶɡûޱȣ޷סʱɫ԰ףۿԼ˫΢΢ȴã
ӳаĵһ˫ȭһң΢΢һ壬ëƳƼ䣬Բ߾硣һȭ˻ӳƵ˾Х죬ȭӰХӿиһ˿ײ˾ХϮȥֵͬʱһӰҲĵӳƵǰгƽֱһʮֹĽǶն˶˾Х졣
᳡жʱҪ֪Ϊ𾴵ľʿΪֻҪսϣʿ֮ľҪԵĹƽӳһ֣Ȳ˵ݣ˺һˣѾʹ˴Ϊ
Х죬Сģľ̲סеĽţһ֮䣬Ҫ᳡һץסʾҪľע⵽ӳͶѾĿԼֻҪԼһƱؽҪһȺŹֶһǿƽ͵ľ巢ȵ֣֣
ɫһ䣬ľȫķòµʶԼŮֻ֪ľ񣬵û뵽ľΪԶԶĳԼޱȵ֮䣬Ʋ䣬ʱʽȻͬײڲԶտҹҲ⸸Ů֮佻ʱӿ
΢΢һ٣ľαǿӲסԼĸףľǼޱȣ̧žҪٴǿͻơʱ˵ͳĶ𣺡ľҪ˷磡
⸸Ůֵ˲䣬᳡нֵļҲ˽ǰл˾ХƽޱȣȻ֮ϣ·Ǿбϸ֮䣬ڲ˵ıˮ֮ϣмԢ˺ΧȻΪһ塣
ӳе޷ݣǰ˾ХܺΪһ壬׿Ȼǰһɽһ㣬˿ûаȭ΢΢һ٣ӳڿʮֹŤȭӰȻʧɫأĻһȭһȭһΧԹ۵˶ʱһֿ硢Į֮ۻԾĸоȭƿƻʵѸͻ߲ãţ״ȻˣΣأ޿ˣܡ
˾ХҲãǰȥбŤ־һȭǰ壬֮ȴһǰһӽìܣʱ˲һּҪѪܡ
ȭཻ·ճһ𣬾Ȼ޶һƬ֮󣬵ú¡һ죬ŭһǧ֮Ȼ䳾ĳУ˾ХͻȻ뿪ӳǿٶȶȻӿ죬˲ǰȫչһţڿвͣķšķ֮䣬һĺâȻ֣ǿķ֮ݺݵĿնĽ֮ϣ˾Х뿪ͬʱ˲޷˼ĽǶȻתĻ泤תȻĺ
䣭䣭ľ켸ͬʱ𣬻᳡̳˵ڵȫ޷м˵Ӱ
ָı˵ϡ𾪣ͣгݣһַģָо֮ɫտҹ˸𾪣û뵽⴫˵еħȻ˵ΪвɵðԵĶԱȣڲͬʱĵͷ
˺͹ƽҲȻǱ˾Х˲ǿĹ𾪣˵͸һʮֹЦݡ
ֻľ¶ޱȵĹâϴһ֪Ľ飬߰ͷ˫۽ĶųУ

᳡мžе˶ڿųǷ̳ڵȴȴĽ
ɢȥ
˾Хɫ԰ףһĨѪ˿˳¡ȵ֮ϣƽϳİ̺Ȼó죬ԵøӵĿǰЩǱˡ
ӳ˿ɫΪѿղӲ˾ХһȭͱһʹѪЩɢҡرһǿ׺ľֱһ쳣ȫеʮֵܡû뵽ǰò˵ЩªˣȻ˵ĹȻ˵ԼղЩ⣬ʣԼȫ˾Хһʤȷ۽͵һԿȥȳӳƣ˿ͬһ̲һ̱ڵϣֱûаĹʣӳǰģСԼսԭӳһһеһ֮Ƶӳӳ˿ɫͬɷףҲѪͷɢҵɢڼϣųڵ棬ڵĴŴ
ݺݵĶǰ˾Х죬ӳ˫ѡһתȫ˲佫ѪƽϢ˰ΣͻȻЦ
û뵽û뵽С־Ȼ˵ĹȻҲ򣡽Ȼ˴£ٺ٣Ƕһ˸衣Сӣ첻˵ŵôҪ˵峤Ź㣬ڳλ峤ҲŹģӳ˵
µͻȻ䷢һУ˫Ĺâ˲ʢ߲˸ţĶŵ棬зĽʱ᳡еսǲԭþ̵Ҳ޷ŵսҲͬʱͷĶٴɢǿҵĺ⣬ǺƵĹâȼյĻ䣬֮ŵθӵǿҡ
⾿Ǹʲôӳɫ䣬ϣܵһ˵ıҰɱɱ֮а䣬ûоģʹǵչʦʱҲûŨϢ
ӳͬһʱ䣬᳡еĸǶܵаɱ¾֮һȵĲˣҲɵɫ΢΢һ䣡
Ķͷ˾Хٴһʼŭʱ΢΢ת˫Ļָƽɫᷢһͬڶ԰˵Գ˲ظƽͷǵĺתۼŶȥаɱʱһɨ⣬ͬʱƵ˻
Ŀһӳ˾Хңңľľϴ˵ĽɫĿ˾Х죬ˮ˸žӨ͸ˮ⡭
˾ХͻȻʮֵᣬľ΢΢һЦƺڴԼģڸľҪģû⣬һжãľƺҲܵ˾Хɫ˲Ҳظƽ޲̬˾ХĿջأ۹ٴαʮֵ࣬ӳð˵˵ˣҲϲظ仰һҪ˵ĶȮӣľɣ䣡
ƺ˵˴ҵе˲Ŀһһ̱ڵϵӳƣһֱĬҹտҲĵ˵ͷ۽¶һĨЦ⡣
꣭ľû뵽ľŵ˾Хһ֮˵ͻȻ˵ɵ͵Ц
С֣ɱ㣡ӳʱȻŭƾҪǰȥη˾Хµ嶸Ȼһ΢΢߲ٴɢеͳǵĺ
æֹסΣӳɫĺСӣӢۣͲҪǿµĹ־һս
ЦһȻ峤룬ôХ峤Ҫ󣡡˾Хûаԥ嶸ȻƮƮķ档ȻһֵƺЩԸȴֲХȰ˵ĵ˵ͷ¶⡭
峤ʤ㣬αʾ˾Хתӳ˵Ҫһע
ΣӳпϲѣֻҪ˾Хôа취˾Х£˾Хʻ¶Цݣٺ٣峤˵
Ҫľ뿪ûаԥ˾ХһָԶľᶨ˵
ã峤ͳȫ㣡ӳûн˾ХĻϣٺٵЦŴӦһ䣬ӳڿն𣬳Хδ׼ڿ˴ܶأȻȭƫ棬ֱХ졣ȭڹأٳؼȵ֮վ˾Х¶һĨȻ֮ɫ˿ӳȭƵ仯ΡȻһһȭӭӳȥ
˾Хȭȫ߸һ·ȭ׳ΰ󿪴أư磬ȤкһнһУ׹ʯ֮ơ˶ȭ߸ͣȴ̰죬ȭ߷ӿݺᣬȴһڿвͣ˼˲ͬĲ죬ʹԹ˲ɵøеޱȵ𺳣
ľ˫ȭգ亹ڲлƶ
С֣ѧĺñ£еӳȻХʹ޲ѣȴȻХǿĹ𾪣һڣȭƶȻһ䣬ȭ죬ҲӵƮȭϵķ֮죬ƽһݵ֮ǿʢ֮мȫʴ֣ӳȭצƣڤץȻʩչ
˾ХҲӳı仯üͷɵ΢΢һ塣һԹսľ˾ХһüͷͷʱҲΪ֮һ˿ûԥκ𣬷˶
ս˴˿̶˵ƴҲû뵽ľçײϣɫһ䣬ҪȴѾˣ
һӰհ𣬶Ȼľǰһµľ𣺡С㣬ҹľȥ·֮ϡ
ÿľɫ΢΢һ䣬ǹӰΣѾǰźɴ˾һǼһΣһȻľ䷢˽˷θ˸֮䣬˲仯һŹӰХӶֱҹ磡Ϯ˽ҹϵɴ˿аĵµһתһ˫˿˿⣬εϾбʮָ;ǧ仯ı仯һָ׼ȷûľĽ֮ϡͬ߹һ·ײûз죬ȴ˽ͬͶʯӵĺ棬ȦȦˮƣӿУߵӲݳΪйɵɢȥ
ľЦһһʱָᣬǱҹеĳȻһŤֱҹʺ
ҹвɵһ֮ʹڽѿУǷʹˣȻǹ񣬳й졣弸ǲ˼ˣľһ˵л·˵ƾҪ뿪
аһãҹæֹסΣգ֮䣬ȴѾľεסľֱֻ֫ͦһ˫΢ϥǰ΢΢ȴһּҪȥĹоӹǣʼվԭأһҲûжܵľǣƣҹʱһѵľء
ԭҹֻҪֹľ֣ľ˲Ĺʹòˣȴֲܺˡľƣƶʵ壬ƿս֣Ҳ˿ҹܵǣ޷ʹ֣һľһԭΪۺĲһ֧ţľôԼҪͲ׷ɱҹҲһСС̣ܸ߱ˡ˾Хӳľδǡ
ľ棬ǲʹȫԼ뵽ҹĶͷɵ亹ڸֵĹºͲľǾյǣ£ް֣ͷתҹϵɴѾ亹ʪ͸ҧ¶ģǰһʮֵĹ죬ƽˣȴһ˫ӡָ۳ȦȻ֮䣬˵ڣ޴׽
С㣬²ûж⣬СҪᣡҹһŬʼղͲľľǵ˵
ľ˿ûҹĻ˵ִ⵲ȥ·ôҾѪߣҹЦһҪڣľ˵òã
С㣡ҹɬ˵ûе˵꣬ľ߰ʮڿнһҹСʱһ佣ҹ̾һʱΣ˫ȭһһȭȻͬһȭƮȻ飬һȭ̩ɽƶֲͬȭƣͬһʱͬȴǹĸоͷޱȡ
ľɫҲˣû뵽ҹ翴ȥ󲻴Ϊ֮ȴ˿Լ١һһصȭԻóǧֲͬı仯ǲ󣬺ѿľںδһҧľҲ˺ģ壬һȫ޹ǰţǧĽӰ֮Уʱѭ಻ƺֹ֮ʱһ֮ʱһշ䣬ƽչ滺ǧӰ׼ȷҵľָۣǿľ֮ϣͬʱ˫ҹ˫ȭ֮ϣðľײʱҹеĹķס
ӿӰʱֿľտҹɫ԰ޱȣտڸղľҹ˽ҪӴ֮ʱտǿнǷֿȻǳ׼˵Ĺ·󹥻ȴȻǿѪӿ
տʲôľĺȵ
տղŵһ֣ľȫؿڼٵдϢֹ޷˵һֱտеޱȵƣʱҲľһסľҹ˳տָķ򶷳пȥ˵ɫɵٴһ䣬ǰľ󣬼޷š 



 
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ľҹ缤֮ʱڻ᳡ƴХӳ֮Ҳʤ˾Хӳ֮ı仯Ҳеֵľ档Ǳԭ򣬶ӳһӳʼ书һ·ӳ֮Уȴƽ֮Хеľǣӳǣ£ڵǹѾݷܾҲʼƺӳңңӦ֮
̰ӳĹߣ˾Х˹Ťڼǲ˼ĽǶ۵ŤӳǿҰľдԲԣÿһȭǱĵΣ֮ȭ㻬
ս֮£ӳԽԽ˵һСȻʽʼպԼֽŵ״̬ôಿ棬峤ֽǣб಻зһǵĺ֮ȴԽĹ䣬Ѿȫѳӳһ崫ͳʽ־ᣬҲԽ䣬𺣡
ӳʽı仯˾Х˫ڵͫҲ𽥿ʼ죬а˾Хǹɹȫ˲䣬˫ɢĺâͫĿʼͨ죬Ǻ״˿ȫһɫİ̺ۣԵø΢΢һ̣˾ХбâͬȰͻȻͣҲű쳣һ˫ʼڿ¶˳ˣһ˫Ө͸֣ƺ͸ԿѪ֮Уȫûйͷǡˮһ㣬ɷǺÿȴԵøĹ졭
ӳѾ˾Хǹı仯еĺǣԼͬʯ󺣣˿ûаķӦ˾ХȻͣȴǵʯԼĹǼȫ޷Ĳ죬ӳеѪ־֮иӵǿңӳĹңֵңеĿ־Ҳ𽥽˶֣
ĲЦ˾ХԽа죬ЦгһּŪζЦ֮Ҳų˹ϢվһԵľ޷ǸаϢ˾Լʶ˾Х죬ҪſڣȴֺӰ쵽Хľ񡭡
ӳеԼľƺѾȫ˾ХЦƣ弸ܵһĲݡеȫڲͣţͻȻһĲҽ
ʱ˾Х͵ͻȻˣţӨ͸ʮָٰ̬죬仯΢кƴǿͬȴӳȭ满ߵнϵ֮ϣָӿ£ͬ׺磬ٿգһǳɡͬ׻ӳеԼȫܵ˲ݣѾ޷ԼĿơ˾ХÿһָޱȵĻȴ˲䱻ɢڱ֮Ѫӿȴ޷ǣǿĴӳ˿еʹ࣬еޱȵĳ죡
̨䱣һĨѣӳ֮Ϻݺݵһҧĵʹʱʹѹ˲ѣӳǿƶԼ壬ͬʱзһȣڤƣȻ֮䣬ƽӿʴΪɷԲ֮ڱ֣ƻǧӰ֮У໥ͣĲǣ֮䣬ѭϢ˿ûаͣ٣γһ޴Բ˾ХΧǧӰͬʱ˾Хе·
һԹստҹ硢ľͲ˵˶ʱӳǿһ𾪡ϵɫһǶ¶޷ε𾪣
϶Ȼ˵Ϊаһ̶ӳΪ˽⣬ɫи͸һЦ
Х죭ľ̲סҲӳǿһˣгǣζ򶷳֮С
ľҪľα֮ʱһԵտͲͬʱĶɫ䣬Ҳͬʱľ
ʱӰͬʱˣвͬ
˾Х˿ûбֱʾǳаЦһɱϢӣռ䡣ɽԨƾﳤƷ˿۽ǣ۾гһߣȶĵһָһָ侧ӨָСԶ仯ݣ㡣ܼѹӰ𽥵ĽӽХ죬ҲͻȻ俪ʼ仯ȫһţûаͷ״յڿУֻ֫⡣״Ȼ伱ٵתٶȵļӿ죬Х˳һţŲͣܵľӳǳӣôתϢžɲĺӳεĴ߶ȴ޷֡
ɫɷףӳ岻ıתϢǿǣ򳤺ӱһӿֹҸԼĿơգ֮䣬Ѿӽ˾Х壬ХȴڴʱȻչȻᡣ
ľǧֻһ졣峤ĹۣϧұգΪնλ峤ˣХͻȻ˵Ǳ޾ͻȻӿͬ̾ڣһɴž׶ľХֱӳ
䣭һľ죬ӿԭһ˳Ķᣬ޴һ֮УӳߵķһԶȥصˤڵϣһƬ
һΣе˶ˣ˫۾Ŀͬһе˾Х죬֮¶ޱȵĿ־壡
Х죡ľ˵Хߣ˫ֽĻò
˾ХϵɫˣĻָƽɫͷһ۽§סԼľеĺ⽥ĲɫͻȻøᣬг˵飬ֱ۽ľڻУХǳ͵ڵľˣ
еˮХһỰ˲ļ̌ͷХ죬Ǳף˿ȴ˺Цݡһ϶ϵĻȴľıһɨ⡣Х죭ľ촽Ĳţĺһ̣ƺֻص˵ԭϺХȺǵʱ̣ǸʱХҲ§гͣ˿òĿ⿴Լĸͻӳ֡
տ˿Ҳ˸ˮ⣬֪ⳡ˵ԼһƵϷûн
ӳ峤ʤˣǵĶԼҪľߣ§ľǽ壬ڵϲϳ鶯壬Ѫĭӳ˵
ɱɱͻȻ䣬һֱ̱ڵصӳƶΧӳǷĺҲһ̣嶸Ȼվһɨŵģĺɱ֣Ͱٻǧ𣡡
ӳƵķУ᳡֮ͻȻӿӰͬһĽ˾ХľΧǴ磬Щ˶ˣִָı¶׹⡭
һֱӳƵӳͻȻ˵ðɣղ峤Լ
ʲôԼûӳ¶һĨЦŤͷһӳЦţӳѵҪֹң
ӳңЩ֣̿ӳĻش𣬡ֻǡ
ֻʲôӳɫȻøһƴӳϣ͵ľӳ󼱷ءʲôȻڱ峤ǰ˵ķ˵ţӳĿһԲϳ鴤ӳ
һĨѪӳѵӳƿɬ˵ӳֹֻ壬ˡ
ǰһźݺݵӳϣӳٴεķӳ˵쵰ʲôҲӳһ峤ͷȻ˵ʲô壬ٺ٣˶Ǳ˵ţŤͷгɫľЦ˵ľǱ峤ӣôܵǸֵĻУϿ
˲ı仯е˶еޱȵ𾪣᳡е˶ɻĿǰʽȻͬӳƣгʣտ˿̸ɫ䣬û뵽ֱʣȻѾ뵽ô򵥵Ľȴʼûгƽֵ˲ӳϿǡ
ӳƵϴаЦݣŤͷ˿һֱŵĲˣаЦ˵ˣ㲻ܽһŮ𣿡
ͣĿӳƣ첻֪˵
ľӣһĬ˾ХͻȻ˵
Ŷٺ٣˾Х죬ʲôһûаֶѣӳͻȻеʮֵĿЦĿްɫ˾Х죬Ǻǵʵ峤Ǻɣԭ˭˲֪ľҵӣ
ΪľҵŮˣ˾ХĻش𣬡ҵҷҲܵίҵһۿʱͷµԣʼΪҵԷܶ
ֵĿ˾Х죬ΪЦ飬ӳɫ𽥱ʮֵء
ңղе˶Һ㸸׵ĶԼľһߣ˾Хɫᶨ˵
ٺ٣Ǹ϶ʲôԼ峤֪峤ֻ֪ʲôûľҵţ
Ĭһ˾Х̧ͷӳƣ˵壬㲻壬㲻ˣ
ӳͷЦ۽ЦˮǸʲôȻҽ壿ӳһļ̳ˣҲ峤䲻ˣʲôʸ˵᳡֮˭ҷң
ӳ⻰һڣʱ᳡еĸλɫ䣬е϶һ㱡ŭģŴӹӳƣ˵˭˵峤ҵһͬ⣡
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ӳô᲻׹ﻰеĺ⣬һ۳еĸλ峤ǵж¶Ĺâг̾Ϣӳ׽վǿԪӯ飬ӳҲһһ۹ӳеŭܣڼҲεĵͷ
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ҡҡͷӳͳ˵磬ܹǧʼ۰Բԭǵ壬ǵĹӳƱ£ҪΪ˸ۡأΪӳһ壬Ϊδɱ˵ţᡭ
ӳһе峤е𺳣˹ͲˣǲԼͬĿӳ
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־裬ʮĲݰһӳƣΪƾԳΪ峤𣿺ٺ٣㣬ϰҲһݰҷѾ˼ҪӳһԶʧڲԭ֮ϡѵΪһİ㣿ϰֽҸϽףѾ˾ХУٺ٣˾Хĳ֣ҵмƻøӵˣ壬ҵиǿ󣬶ҵĵһӡһǿ˲ӳƵһǰҹ̰ڶ߻졣
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ɪ紵ԭĲԭɫ٣ȡ֮ɱĿݻơ
һ¡ص˴ݲݵĽˡ
˺Ͱ˲Уһ֧׳˶һµģ˭Ҳûп˵һݵĳĬգ˭Ҳȿ˵
ͻȻĴЦһЦҪҲһЦЦһʰЩһͷɻĿˣ˭Ҳ޷͸ǰĲͷЦЩʲô
峤ڻ˴ıݼֱ̫ˡǳ򣬹ѽµıݣҾ͸еҲЦᶼ˳һߴһߵ˵
еʲôеܺЦЦһݺݵĿŰҧгݵ˵һûʣ϶˵ҪϮ˴ΪʲôҲûг֣ı峤ֱͨϼһҪǲһͣҾ͸Ĳ
ԲצģѾ˾ռߣ˿ûᲮ˵вЦ˵ǺǣʲôϵХ첻ǻǴǰǱҲҪ壬һҲ÷ǵļƻ˵ţϡĺ롣
Ҫĺӣ˴ĺţ϶ôһĨӣѽ۵ģķ˵ţһתʵ϶ХôӰ
ײ˵ʲô˼һЦõ͵͵˵峤Х죬ѾǰǸɵСˡˣЩֵܿɶ򵥣ӥô׶ԸļһҴڵʿڻ˳ȴӥºһȻֻʮ˾꣬˼֮򲻿Сӣ˴Ϯ˴䣬һֲ߻֮ϽҲеޱȵ𾪡
Ŷ⻰ô˵ͷһ۰𽥵
峤֪Ǵ˴һ˶ǰϮ˴䣿Ųǽĺ˵ˣֻˣ
˵һǧ𣿡˲ɵõһ
¶һĨЦ峤˵ֻˣǻ˴ӳһ˾Ҫ٣Ϊô׵Ľ˵ĲϽڴˡǿڻ˴޶սģƣȻֲ֪ţԭزͣܣڻ˳ȥڡ˵ٴγ̾һ˵ЩĻǺһֲ֪ŪĶ㣬ڼʱھͰЩڻ˳ӳƵױȫƽɫɱĲһХܹȺշٺ٣ҿԭֽҪˣ
ĵ˵ͷ˵˵ӳڻ᳡һֵȷϼһﻹĺԼĶӸ
ԣ˵ԭϲƽˣԶƮһĨƣ˵峤ӳƾһ֣ٴ²ģ˴ܹٴ峤λٺ٣ҿò˶ãͻ׼ˣ
Щǵĵ˵ͷҲһĨƣид˵ԭϾҪˡţһתϴŨŨЦ⣬ڰļصһģӳڲԭܺҲǿݵ˻ûгء
һĨǵɫ˵峤㵱Ȼ£ǣӳȶ֮пܶԸ㡢С
˵Х죿˵ɫҲͷķ峤˴ӳɥӣֱйϵ˳ǲһ壬һ壬оХ죡ǲһ͹һ壬ڻûǿرǺ͹һ֣ԭ˸ҺԡǣХ첻һûаıӵеľߵӥʮ޺һЩС䡣˴λˣֹľϾ˹ϵڶϾľǽĺԮХǡ
ٺٵĲͣЦ˵˫˸ǵĹâסһֱʵӥ԰˵㿴չӥ𣿡
Ŀ˿ˣɻĵ˵ͷϴޱȵģ΢Ц˵㿴ӥչ᰿裬֪Ǿ˶ٵķܷ꣬Űƺеĺ⣬˽˵Х졢ľӥֻûչСӥ·ܳҪǵĳ򡣰ľϾϵкγʮʹࣿСӥԶڸĸĺǻ£ԶҲ޷ɳġӳìͷָҵʱҾѾףХ֣ҪһսսĵХľϡҪΪʿֻսϲܴǧı죬Ҳǿ̸ХɱֻǸ֮ĶԶԶûսĲпᡣľХ졣Ȼľ֮ߣûսҲûʵЩڡҪһδεϴѪǵࡢȫѪҺнݡҲֻǲܹĳɳͬҡӥչ᰿衭
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̾һ˾ʾͣ£Ͱ˲Уֻ˲˵۹Ʋֹۣò˼꣬ȻдҷһѾ֮ǰΪҪôŬȡ峤֮λ޷Ϊľ֪ľϲХ죬ħһڲԭʱѾʮһХ졣ҵѾˣǵ峤жٵʱȥǷȨĻ䣿ҪΪХľһеĻȥԼıʡǽģҲǱģǴעҪս˵ţ¶顣
峤һο˵Ķ飬ЩĽе
ʾⰢҪ죬ңʣ˵Хľ޷ɹǰѹأôǵĽ󽫻ٸ࣬Ŀ飡֪ҿľˮǶôʹ࣬ұҪΪֻХľ˲ĳɳΪľҲ˿ԸһУʹҵһǾǱҪǽҪԵġսõʦ
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ţˣ㿴ӳߵǸꣿĵͷͻȻһתʵ
峤˵ĿǸҹļһ
ǵģһҵĸоܲáԤУǽĵˣܾúһɢصĳ򣬰һĵ׸ڳͻȻʮֵ䡣
峤ģǾߣҲһĵϸڳϹ˵
ĵ˵㣬̧ͷ԰ʵǷѾ׼ˣ
Цˣ˸޷ݵ⣬˵峤׼ˣ
Ƕɣ˵ţһһ죬µ׶һ˻۵糸ԭľͷɳۡ
峤ȵңİЦҲɣŲˡ㣬۾￪ʼ˳۳ҡ
ǣӳڴУĴšгճյİŪһСɵȣԼʮյʱӳ͸Լ˷ǣӳѾʡԺвϵĸոһһĻĻΣеţƶ
ͻȻվӳߵ֮ǰһѽ峤ݵĽ𣬿зĺУ峤峤峤ôʧȥ˶ӣµΣ峤峤ʲ峤ƺģ˵ţ˦ֽſȥ
ॣأ죬ӳ˫棬ʹޣƶƶ˻ĺ
ҹ߽˴һ۵ǽӲӵƣĽƼɵߵӳߣַӳļͷĽеʦ֣
̧ͷӳʵĿҹ磬ʵ˵磬ƶƶˣ׿µҾȻ׿ɱԼĶӣ
ҹ绺̾һеƵݵӳУ˵ʦ֣ҲΪӳһΪѽƵȻˣһĿԵģģ
ƶһڹңӳ޺ţ㿴ûУ㿴ƶʱ˫Բ˫ۣһڹΪʲôôģɱʦܣƶһڹңͻȻͷŵĺ죬ΪʲôҪ˶ңһӣ峤λãΣԼĶӶܱ죬ΪҪҿһЦڿյĴлص
ЩЪ˹ӳҹҡҡͷ̾һַӳıһ͵ʱ͸ӳڡҹ˵ʦ֣ƵѾȥӣ㻹ǡƵһеʮѹģ˵ţȻҲЩʡ
ҪҪ𣬶ԣҪ𣡡ӳͻȻֹס˽кҹҧгݵ˵
ҹ˵ͷʦ֣ģһ֧㣡
ţҪɱ˲ˣҪɱ˹Ǹ˾Х죡ˣǸľҪãܣӳݺݵ˵
ţɱǣҹĵͷһת˵ʦ֣ӳĿǰʵҪͬʱԸǣҲףˡڲԭϸٹ̣ʵۺ񣬶еʮֵĳߣҪԸǣ·ἤķаɣ
ҲܣһҪɱǣӳϵļŤţĿ˵
ɱһҪɱģǲҪһţҪƣʦ֣֮УΨ˾ХʵΪȻľߣڻ˴ϲѾ˴˺󲻻ϲľҿ
˼ǣӳĻָƽ
ҹ˵ͷӦȽ˾Хһֻʦڻ˴϶ȥӣͬʱҲԸɽ졣ǽ˾ХʰԺ跨ƻͲĹϵǸƣǸʱʦлôô԰ٺ١
ţããӳĵͷҹ磬˵磬̵ʰǸ˾Х죡
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ţʦܹȻ˼ܣãʹ㿴˭ȽϺʣ
ҹһ£˵ʦңôСԸⵣΣ
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ƶҪò˶ãΪͿ԰Щһͷߣӳǣûз֣ҹ뿪ʱ¶һĨЦݣ
ͬһʱ̣һȺͣǰΣɽ·ϡ
Х죬˵ǸʲôطѽһֱХ컳гĬľͻȻ̧ͷʵԴ뿪˻˴Ļ᳡һֱڲͣıۣľ𽥵ĺӥĳԱͬԣľǳĬĽ٥Х֮󣬽Ŀʼˣһ·ϣϵֶ磬ƺҪĲйһ㡣ľǻٳС˾ХֻǺһЦѾϰľ׽Ū꣬Щľ׽ŪˣЩֵƺ޷ӦľǰٳĻһ·ϱľĽͷöȴûаĻľЦݣŭ˲Ҳɢˡ
ӥʮޣǶʮ˸˾ХꡣҲХСôһ¡м䣬ÿһ˶ŸԲͬľڲԭڲԼͬл˾ХߣڸָԭǶĹĻ˾Х졣ʮ˸ˣŲͬͬĳʮкľĳӥȻ󣬵һ书ѾԶԶĳԽͬˡ֪ԺͲԭеĶɵĽóľϵĽ棬սޱȣΪ˲μӹβսһǹѾѪݵĺɢޱɭɱ
ڶʮУľ̸һģǹΪĿ֮ܺľ̸һΪԨ֪ʶĵо̣֪ʱڵĲܵϮȻڻˮԻȴڱĺˮݣʹȫľ١ͬһзһ㣬ƽʱ߶ҲЩǾ棬̲ǻۡʲôʱ򶼻ᱣһּǽǣǶʮеҡȻ̸ľǲ̫ϲΪʲôʱһӣֻٺ˾Х̸ʱ򣬲Ż¶һ˿СľеֲǣһǷö죬ڲ¶ĺۼнɱΡ˵Ϊ˱𣬶ܵɱѨ٩٩̸һʱѨѪ༫Ϊ¡ľεѯʣǿǵȻһЦ
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һȺ꣬Ųͬȴ˾Х۷ʵĸ˾Хߣڲԭϴһһħ񻰣
˾Х죬ľľУХһΡĴɽۻи˵ء׿һǿ֮⣬Хȫ¶ɫʡ˵۾ΪλͻȻķ죻ڵǹ쳣ֵǲ֪ʲôʵأ˾ХΪꪵĹꪣа֮ɱ˵γأֳϢľ޹ƥû׻ƴ½ϳֹǿͨĺ
֮Хһûأľ̽Ŀǿң
ǵĿУľֹһεⲻľеޱȵĺ棬˳ڶ˾Х˾ХĹģһǿҵҪ֪УХ쾿ʲôʲô˽˾Х죡
ľʻХ¶ľϤĺЦݡ۾˾ХΣͻȻĶʮ˵ֵܣֵȻҴľȻһˣȻǻϻǻϣ
磡˾Хæֹһ۶ԼüĿľ絶һ¶һĨѵõЦݡľ΢΢ĵͷת˾Х˵磬Ӧϻת
ͷһԼжԿ¶Ŀľ˾Хø첲˽壬ԿʵǺǣΪʲôҪȻתأ
漤һһľǡĿȻХ˵磬ǰѪӥ
ѪӥôɰСΪʲôҪô֣߹ˣѩף˵ǲѽѩףһ仰ľǶ˽ֶ趯ѪӥŶѩ˵ġѩƺľĻҲľڿľļϣѩСԴĲľգľɵ÷㻶Ц
ǣѩףܹľϮ֮󣬿ľֶʵ˲٣æСģ˵ӺԵüΪЭһ£Ŷ˾Х˵磬ѪӥŶǣѩǰر˴ѾӳΪڴϻնӣ˴Σ˴µ峤λƱزŹǣ
Ϊʲô˾Хͷſʵ
ѽһڶŪѩ׵ľͻȻ˵ӳɱԼĶӣΪʲôΪҵĳ֡峤λһŹǣ
ǣɱĶӵֲǣԼʲôϵХԽƺһתǣɻĿľʵ
һҪ廰ĿľεĿֻظԼϤ˾Х죬Ľ͵ҴӦ飬Ͳ֣֣ôӳͲᱻ裻裬ôӳƿܾͲл췴ӳƲ췴ôӳͲɱԼĶƽϢŭԲԣľͷɿ˵һѵݺݵĿſ
ľ˵Ŀ£еԼͷҲǣҡͷҲǣЩεٴκٺٵЦľһתֺݺݵһХ£Լĸ첲
ľʲôܵͻȻϮХſڽгɻĿľʵڲľΪʲôԼͻȻϮ
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ۿһۣľ棬еЩͷΡʵ벻ͨôԼôĻ⣬Ľϣŭľһȴ֪λش֧֧˾Х죬һԵŮ˵ֶΡ
һԵ϶ԵĿ־壬ĿľǵɫЩףڵһμֳǣвԼͬĲһͷɩӿǿ£
ǺǣɩӣҪִ磡һֱЦǺǵķʱվ˳˵ХһɩǣҶǣֵ֤ܿ羭һڲԭϣ˵ʲô֪ľôˡ
˭ɩӣľ˫ͨ죬ŭĶԷƽ߳ӯӯЦ⣬֪ŭֻһΣеĿǶôǿҡ
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ңңԴĹҽӽ㣬ô᲻֪һХͨգæ˵
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Х컰ûгڵʱһֵĶ৵ָһֱࡣСֻܷȥģûйϵЩǵģ
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ǸеˣôԼôеЦݵľͱ˻ЦݣңԼԩѽХͨգ֪ǲϽͣ緢ԼһҪ군æ¶ԼΪƽʵЦݣƼ˵硭
һĿһĻĻ仯Ŀ˿̲ǿЦáرǿǼΪªİЦݣͻȻһ뽫Լеĺ׶ĳ嶯Ŀ֪ԼڵĻһĻĻ粻֪ҪʱЦҡҡͷڶ˾Х˵磬Ǻǰѻ⳶̫Զˣ
ѵΪ۸С࣬вѩףȻ͵С£ľüĿĶԿ˵
ͷҡľ˹һæϵǣǣΪʵ̫ˣһʱĲýϴô񼫵ˣӦûص֮󣬺ݺݵĴӦþĻص׼ԸӳϮ˿ûǿɱ˵׺Ŀ⣬˵
Ļ˶ջЦף˾ХɫЩأĵͷľ˵ľ˵ĲӦϻص򡭡
ţ˵ĲӳŹǣΪӳҲôķսľҲµĻָƽһ룬˵
ŶɩΪΪ
һûжԼĳƺľһ룬侲ķӳȻص峤λǲеĲ䶼ôŷϾ彲ʵӳһʵԶԶ統꣬Ҵ˴ڻ˴ϰܸХ죬ûӡԣӳڵĵ֮ҪȶԼģоƽϢ˴λ˴ϵĸӰ죬ԣǾ϶ñҹƣӳЩףҪµʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻׼Ըӳһĵһֹˣ
һһĵͷľͻȻһ־塣˵ǰԼľֻΪ˾ХĹϵصĻôڣ־Ƿĵģ
ϸ˿ľ˵ĶԻХһᣬϵ˵ţľĺеΪӳʹǷҲ֮֮϶ǴѩǲԭӳǸʱ򶯱»Ϻܴۡ룬ӳñӦڴů֮ӳޱһҪڶñǺǣô³ԿĲһǣ
һ˾Х侲ķľٴεĸеʮֵľ죬ͻȻ֣˾Х죬ǲһˣ
˵ĺеʮͬ޳˾Хķ
ţôҴľǰ̻ת׼ƷһԤУĶһǲöɹХ˵ţĿԶĿңԶʡһᣬŶ˵⣬ӥ߾ӽѵ갮ңһңȥٴһ鱦ʮԺԶס࣬ӽӳһ嶯Ĵ̽飬ɷƺͿ˸𣬸λֵܣҪȫ׼ӳӥķɣһһһɵĴ˾ХĿзʮͬӦǡ
˵ͷХ쿴һԼоĿԼĲľٴ¶˺Цݡ˵ľǰ
ľ˳ӵĵ˵ͷתԳӥ˵ӥֵܣ鷳ȥͲ䣬ҵİԺҵСǸطһ䳱ʪĵطҰֽҵĶ֮󣬾ͽǷԼ֪ôչԼ
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ֵǣǾ𣬴ұأХ˵
ӥʹ磬ҵδջؼңʮͬʱսͬߺ
ã˵ţ˾ХһߺȣƷһ˻ȥ
ѩչļϡգۼѾһڵ˾Х죬Ťͷߵķ˵磬ɩӵ˾罫ΪĽ
ҲµЦݣɫ˵ңѾʧ˾Х죬ͻȻ䣬Ʒһŭ𣺡࣬ղôԩҵģ
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ƾһĨɫ磬Ȼϱˣ˿ûӰ쵽۵糸ڲԭϷӶ
˿оĵںƵıϣľХĻУȫ޷ߵľֻкХķƷɱǿķеЩϢҪ˵͸һſǿ͵ķθйȥеһĪܡɴཫͷХĻУľʵХŨŨĺζһ㵭ƮıСһ澪ںǾ˵ٶȣһХôζХһ죬ʱľХĻУĳУȴûŵζǣ͵Х쿴ȥֻХƽϢƽȣ˿ûиоľľ죬˫ֽľ£ڻУƺľܵ˺
һĪҸȻľеԼһŹһ㣬ۻĴɽХǿ˫֮УľеޱȰȫ۾Ȼڲ֪г˯ȥ

ٴ۾ʱɫѾȫľһһޱߵĲԭա΢΢Щ紵ϣʱ̨ޱȡҹĻеķһ͵ĹâǵǳУȴţ˸ֲͬͼƽУ͸һصİ塭
ƺٶǰʱһ˸ķǴһ޵Ĺܽ۽ľԼĸ׿жֽ˵۹Ĵʼ޺ҹ˫˫նʧĵ죬ӿа֮ߡ֮۶۽ĴʼϹҲڵȥֵĴ˵ľѣ֮УСһ룬Ǿĳһ죬һҪʶһޱȵĹ۽
ֻһ룬۽ڶû߶׻ƴ½˵У۽ͺһһĴڡģľҲͽ뷨ȥˡǾڽҹľ˸ȺǣͻȻһ˿򡭡
Х졪ӳ˼ѹľͻȻ˾Х죬ԼôһѰӣɵĳһ
˾ХԶĵطһ֪ںʱȼܵĻУֻѾĽƣ͵ڻϣ̵죬ɢ˵ζХ۾Ŀ𣬺ƵĻӳףԳһԱϡ
ԣ˾Хһߣ˸ħһɫʵͫĶŻϵĿá
ͨԣ׳͵Ĵ󺺣ҹȺǵҫ£ճһΪάֹܵĻ棡
վ壬ľߵХ󣬵˫ֽХǿļ򻷱Хıϣľı۾
ץסľӯӯ֣Хûлͷɿǰ𣬴Щ㶡
Х죬ʲôľʵ
Хûϻشľʻȼյ𣬺ð죬ŵ˵ľ̫ˣ˾Х죬ԭֻһʲôҲûеĹ¶Ĳһū͡Ĳ֮峤˿ûΪսңȫĵĽ̸֪һУϧʵ̫ˣ֮εڲԭϣһֵܣҲһССĳ档ҵģܹһ𡭡
Х졭ľߵХߣХͳۻһХ֡
΢΢һЦ˾ХŤľǱӳĸӽ޵գɵóճյĴˡð죬ͻȻٺٵɵЦ
Х죬Цʲô
Ǻǣľû뵽쾹Ȼ˾ХôһƯţǺǡ˾Х캩˵
˫΢΢Щ̣һһۡͷХļϣľ˫ֱХĸ첲ü߽͵͵˵Х죬Ǵʲôʱʼϲҵġ
ɵɵЦЦ˾ХٺٵĲ˵ȥϵĿá
Х죬˵ѽľִʵ
ٺ٣ţ롭Хһᷭãһֻ§ľ֫ԶĻ֮ɫõͳ˵ţǵʱյͲʱȻ峤ʮֵǱϾֻһս죬սĶУʮֵãȻҲ֪ԼҪԵʲôˣЩ־壬ҲЩãһµĻûϤˣľ֪Ǹʱĺܺ£
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Ǻǣľһȫͬ磬ҵһֵǣÿһ˶вͬıҾѧԼҲһҴСûеҼҾڲԭϲͣεԼŹк˵ľȼãҲܹȻЩޱҲɵ֪ԼڿѾǺǣľЩ飬޷ģ˵Хһֻãţַϡ
ĵ˵ͷľ˵ţ˼Х죬ҴСںǻгȻǸʱ򾭳ĳлкܶ˶۰壬ǡ
ĸľ㷢Х¶һĨЦݣǣҿ벮ͲĴʱҿһСŮҲСŮ峤ĻǹҲң΢΢һЦľ֪һЦʲô壿ͻȻ䣬ҸеһůҲãȻ·ҵǰĿ꣡ǸʱͷģҪһҲܵ˺ʹҵ
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ģǣ峤ΪʲôҪϳͲ䣿Хɻʵ
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ĵ˵ͷХͻȻվ˵ľ˾Хԭҵ˾ƽģһ峤ʧһΪһֻܰھӥ
ЩХͻĶˤڵأľֵĿǵХǿԣ˫۶ʱ˸ȵĹâվߵХߣХ֣ᶨ˵Х죬ԵģһԵģ㣡
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Ҳ޷еǵ嶯Х콫ľ§ڻУͷݺݵľĴϡһεֺڻ˴ϵȫͬĸо˿ҲûаĽ٣һȫĽ㣡
Щ٣ľ׾ĻӦХǿҰһǣһ̣˾Ҫȼڲ֮䣬˵ഥһɲǼļͬҩһըʱҲ޷ѳ̨ǽеһ˿ڲ֪л˵桭
ХĴֱִľϣľҲԼӭХİڲ֪䣬·Ľ⿪Хǳջ̽ĻУͣǰϵԽԽľŻҲԽǿͣĴϢţһӦХǣһӭХĴ֣˫Ҳڲ֪Ľ⿪ХϵĲ£Ļи
˾ХĶԽԽңĴӡľľУ壬Ǽͦ˫ϡХÿһεǣľҲҵĻӦţڲ֪䣬ХֽĻƽСߡ
𣭣ͻȻһǵľ޺ͬĺĳһ㽫Ұ˴оѡľŴХĻѳ˫дļ飬ͨ죬Ϣ˵Х죬ңǲܣڲܡ
ݺݵĳԼһǶ⣬Хɫͷǰеûľ˵ľңңҡԲ𣡡
Լ·ãľŬƽϢ֮ܵ𣬻ߵХߣХͷ§Լǰ˵Х죬ûôĹأҵģֻ㣡ϣڰܹǳ֮ʱҡͻȻеշ̣ĻҲû˵
ľǵХıлصͷ֮䣬Хûа֮̧ͷĿᶨĿľ˵ľһҪΪҸ
֪֪ģľ˵۹ȴĿǾ޺֮Դ֮ƲĿǣľĿƹֽĿϵĿá
Х죬ǵͣľһ̣ȴһ˿𾪣ںƺĿ֮ʱĸе˺Ƴգһ۾¶һĨֵЦݣ
Хæ˵ãá
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Х죬Ƴ⣡ľˣ㶵ĽӹХеȣʧʵ
ǺǣѽһﱾǲԵģԴӴԺֻҪһҪǺǣХЦ˵
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ڵ΢΢ĴϢ˾Х֪ڷѩ֮ʱܵһѾܵ˲ٵ˺Լ֮⣬صڸܵǿͳһʱ֮䣬Ҫǲܵģ˾Х첻ɵһ̾߻ػԵľߣľڻСһеһܵ§ľȻ˾һˣ֮ʹХһֱʲôٶʱֻܾĿľֻҪܹľôѾʮֵĿġ
࣭һХԼĶڲĽţֱʱӽһ絽ڣԼûгһ㶫ԼѾľˣԼĶǿտҰХĸǣľ֮ҲӶ
ľһȽϸĵ棬Х۾оŶڵķֱһпԹĶȷһľİȫһţǳһŵɽȥ
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ϵĲѾòһɲѪ۽Хȫֻһ˲䣬ѪѾȫ͸˿ѾоʹȫѾľеĻѾʧȥ˹ܣڵХֻһͷǾһҪȥ˻ȥǲķ񣡶ңѾԸеǷеѾʼƮɢһɵˮ
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ХͻȻͣŲǰľеޱȵ𾪡
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Ѿеİߵ룬ЩɳͻȻһۣգ֮γһ޴ĹڶɢĿĹâһ֮ƺڶ˾ХͻĴ߷桭
еЩ˶Լĵ⣬ХҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬿ԽԽĹ򲻶ᣬұŸָ״Ȼо֣Хûп̫ࡣĿͣһſڶ֮ϵĹӡǷɳԼľ棬һĶڣժһžӨ͸ĹӣڿкݺݵҧһڣʱһĪˬ˳Լĺζƣƺõһǿ֧֣ХеԼľʱࡣеϲ޷ݣХһڽǰ£һժö˿йӣХ첻֪Я̫ĹӣԼûκεһμöӵãʵڹڵ鷳ͷ˿ԼѾò·ԺһХʱ⣡
Լϵ·ХͻȻеһǿĺӿֹһæͷȥ֪ʲôʱǷɳѾ۳һֱһҵľķɳɢĹâγ˶Ŀ۵ĹߣХ켸޷ֱӣ
ХеǷɳĹУһǿǺȸղԼɽҪ䣬ֻ˲䣬ȫѪҺɱɫ΢΢Щ԰ףХȻЩɳΪζԼ֮ĵ⣬ƺǶԼʮֵĳӡ
ķŵ˾ХѾӿü޷ڣź˵磬ֻҪЩӸڶڵĻ飬ûаĶ⡣ǲҪᣬҲҪռ˹ӣҾߣòã
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ĵͷ˾Х˵ããϾߣ
ͻȻʧ۵Ĺȴ˿ɢȥȻһЩǿԿЩɳɶ˾Х컳ޱŨصĵ⣬ǾĿХ죬ƺڼһ㡣
ɵÿЦһ˾ХæӿٶȣӶһ˼ʮöӣڻУҪŵϵ·ȴɵ΢΢һüͷǼѾò·ϵѪǸղǿͨǵʱġľǸƽʮϲɾŮӣ·һѹӣǲǻᡭ
Ѿȫ˶һƬڰ֮Уľôܿ·ϵѪѪ۵·˾Ө͸ĹӣХǾЩһ룬۹ͣ˶һˮ¶һĨЦݣæϵĹӷ˵ϣ·𣬿첽ˮأȴûпٲˮ֮ʱĹȻâʢ
ߵˮرߣХַŽ˳У͸ˮиһ޷ݵеʧХ¶һĨЦݣĵ˵ͷ˫һˮԼһãˬĸоХʱȫͨ͸ĳ죡ָҪǲѪ۵·ϴʱһǿɱХӿ
æȥХֻǰһƬ۵Ĺâ޷۾Լ屻һǿڿնһƬĿĹâ֮УɳһĹ㣬Хŷײ壡
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·һ޾ĴХϣǿĺϵĳХľ屻ǺХʹƾһľԼϣһƵ졣ڵѪҺɱХ弸һüϹһ㱡ĺ촽࣬ȫɢһֵ˪
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޷ǿʹ࣬Х췢һĲҽСĺڵʱΧĹȻͬһŷ·ؼеĺһ˲ХһصĺѪһֱȻʧХһʯͷһˮ֮У˳Ƶ죬ˮɽ
һַ·ıߵĸоХֻеȫľһͻȻһţһǿǣ˲ʧȥ˸о

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ʲôХʧĺ˲¶һĨľȻ֮ɫ˵ľôôΣյĶǡ
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һ룬ľ˵ʵҪ㶯̶ˮҺ֪ǳˮӰ˵ʥˮϲ֮棬ǳˮ֮ˮǵ֮ԴȴǺǣХ˵ϲƽͣϲѪȣȴóˮҪϴ·ϵѪǲҪǵ֮ԴƽѪ֮Ƕ㹥Ҫԭ򣡡
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Х죬ǺأľЩȲҪ֪飬ʵ
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Х죡ľĺصС
 



 
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úúã㣡ߣһȥ¹أԺ֮нֹĲ֣öĿĿǰĿʱ˵ƺһϳѵһЦݡ΢Цſŷƣ˵Ǻǣ磬ֻҪԼܹأôӦû⣡
ҷƷģ𡭡ƾ־Ҫġ
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ǺǣҪܹģĸˣϷʵ˵
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ŶûУǺǣû£⻰ǴӺ˵𣿡ƵԴҡ˹һķϡɫأһܣ֮£ֻˡ˵磬㲻ҪңԼֵܣѵ£壬ӿЩĲɣδȴˣ磬ңʲô飿ֵܵҲΪ⣡
ĻĬĬվߵߣĸŴֲڵð죬ѵһԿ˵һ飬ݻɹҲԿģ£ʵҲӦ˽⣡
Ī˾硭ŷƣ˵
Ƶ˵ͷѾһˣ˾˵һºͻһ˵ġѾʮ죬ûаټʵ˵ѽ
磬㲻Ҫġ˾书׿߻ľɩӣ͸˼ҲȲϣ书ҲǷǷкԣԭ֮ϣһƥսҰܹͺƿ⣿һ޷ģ磬ʵ̫ڵˡİοŷƣǴУҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҲϣҶˣһߵĹɣǣҲ֪紳˴䣬ȻҲ˻رӳµ峤λ֮ͻȻðһҹ磬˵˵䣬ѣ书ҲʮຣɽĺնɣεȵȻ˵ܳΪĵһʿ쵱أǸҹʮ֮ڴѪկ֮࣬ҲģǱǸһ̶֮˵ƿԣӳдǾһѽ
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ңԶ˵ֵܣǱһȺڲԭ˵»꣬ǾۼһһҡҪϧûʧȥ֪ϧǶʧȥǸˣϣ飬ˬûа˽ġЩʱԽ̫عȥĸ飬һ㣬˴һֱģĴ硭
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ţǵþͺãˣǵ롭дһݵоԵʮֵĶ飬˵ΪǵԣѾ׼أ
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ֻֽһǵһ̣ͨġ
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ܣʲô𣿿Ĵæʵ
ţǵģղС˻ر˵ǽһʱʮ֡ӳƺҪж갮粻ڣӥŸ˵ǣŵ˵
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ƻһЦеӣſ˸һĹâãϵЦԵòãʵܣСǷ˵ӳж󣿡
ţûУСֻǴϢ˵ӳǸԼ٣Ӧǧңͷüͷ˵
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֮жٵҲüͷаļһ£̧ͷԷ˵ţ˾紳֮ǰǴԼٶˣ˴֮󣬲ԭɢﶼͶǣһԼٶˣټǰʱ䲮ͲɩӸǰıη壬ָˣϱη磬ţһӦһǧ˰ˣָͷһһĸƼš
ŶǺǣǵ˾ȻôࣿƵЦͻȻЩ죬ſ˵Ǻǣû뵽ԼδŮ۰мѽŶ
𣿡һ۷ƣȻӻȡһССıӣתԺ˵ʮܣŶ𣿡
ܵԴͣĵ㶯ʾʮֵΣ
Ǻãһҳһָӡ˵ţӷָǱӵ½ǣԺܺ˵̽ͷһۣȫһЩ˼ʶʶ˼ҵӬͷС̧֣ͷĿſ磬ʲô
㲻ùˣ粻ẦġϿȥͷԿ⣡һּټº˵
Կ⣡϶ʱԳ˼Ϊ˷ܵɫſڽʳָҧãѪڱӡԼָӡ̧ͷſĺ磬磬ʲôʱѽʲôʱҳԿ⣡
ٺ٣ϣЦ
ܴ꣡Ļ
ǸѽǸСϼǵʲôиеЩһĭЩɬ˵
Ŷأǽķ¼صĶǴĺ׳ղ˵常ϺԣҲСһ˵һߵͷñڱϷɿд
ɫ˲ʮѿҲ޷ЦЩӵĻľ֪ľһֶΣɵôһ֣еıץȥͻȻ˿磬϶Ƕӡ
ͬһ㣬ƵǱֻвһľȻֹסſֿ˿еıӣϴŲĵɫջ֣ѽһٿͰˣ㻹Լ֪ͻȻƺݺݵһһߵĺܣúġ
ͷܿŷŤףŵ˵粻ģ粻ҵģǺǣǰɣ磡
ˣƱǴģŲͣߵǿùǰ棬зһŭ𣺡Хɽ֣һŭ˲˫ȭȭޱȣж֮˫ȭ·䡭
磬ùɺǴϲĵطҪСЩѽٺ٣һԵĿЦ˫ȭһڿֹסƱſ죬ͻȻתͷϴޱеЦݣװĶܣ鷳ǸӸҺ𣿡
ǸӺöģһԵĺͻȻڵ
ܣ㲻˵ûеưͣƴĺе
ǶֹܵšһԴ
ˣˣ磬ǻ˵ɣæ⳶˻ŷƳ˵пʲô
һǧ˰˶ǧˣƺǻǿʤģƵٴλָЦݣĸԼ°ͣ˵
ǣõĻһǧ˰ˣ˵
˿к⣬˵ѽ꣬ѵ޷ʽĲμսɢ˵ǵӦû⣬ҪųɱȴЩСʵܹģҲֻдӲͲյıηˡ˵ţ̧ͷſ˵˼ЩǲǡһŮˣ
ʱûа취ӵ⡣ûлӳʱǷţҲûʲôڻ⵹һôѽ˵
Ҳ˵ͷһԵĺȻ޷ȫλֳ˵ЩʲôصɫԿ鲢򵥡վһԣһҲ
ؼҪЩ˭ָӣ̧ͷŷƣ˫˸ǵĹâ
ƿſеЦԣǰĿĶܣ֪Ѿһ
ܣ̸࣬ӳ̽˴Ǻˣ⣬һӦӳĶҪ塣ͬʱ갮磬ԶЩˣ˵˴νƳףϸϻأóӥǰңӥźܣ˵
ǣϾȥܹĴӦŤͷҪȥͻȻͣ˽ŲŤͷԿ˵磬ڿص㣬ҲʱҾͺɩ˵СָӡЩ˵ģҪԩ磡ܵ¶һĨ٥Цݡ
ź뿪ıӰſڽࡣһ㣬Ǻܰѻ˵ˣһʱ䲻֪εĿڡ뵽Ǿ˵ķͻȻеԼЩܼʹ࡭
Ǻǣܣʲôĺܵļ򣬵ʵ
磬ɵǼɵղ˵ʵǡʵ
ٺ٣ѽҪСܣһֵ棬书ҪƴɱҶԽƷʵʹһޱб˭ֻǴʱǶ¶ڲԼˣƳ˵
ĵ˵ͷǳͬƵĻޣҲ˾ХͺΪʵдաڷƶԺۣܵûаĻɣһһֵɱֳ⺷Ҳֻ˾ХܹƷ
ˣ뷨ɣưѻͻȻһתĶԿ˵ӳҪжôһھͻǷ˸ղ˵ҹ⣬ӳΨһҸеǵľֻӳıҲͬСɣҶӳһĹҲǵһУ
ҡҡͷȵЦһ£磬ģӳڻ˴֮ϱˣڰ֮ڲҪжٺ٣Ҫˣսӳߵʮֽܣӳ˴󲿷ҹ飬ӳģ
ţӳӳһ֮УҲûʲôǫ̃ϵܣҲѾ˶ˣЦ˵
ĵ˵ͷû˵ֻǶ֮ǰİŪϵӡҲֻվ󣬿ϺڰױòֹӣϵЦŨˡ
Զӥ󲽵

ҹɵǼۡ
һжƿ֮УƾԼ书ѵıţһģڶ̶̵һ֮Уһĸ䱻ʾԸ⳼쵼֮¡ļƻֻҪĿǰٶȽȥʮΪӴĲǰȫУǸʱԼԽЩ֧֣ԼһжҲò˶ãͻ֮СǾҪʹɣᲿʱͻȻӳҪñϢϢʱеϲһɨ⡣ܵģԼ֮ǰеŬȫΪˮ
Ҵҵ뿪կһ·ͣǿ񱼣ҪֹӳжҪ˾Х죬Ҳֻȥ˾ХģҹоȼŻ棬޲һ̤뽭֮С
⣬һƬսǰϿգÿһ˵ɫԵء⣬ﴫϢԶľӪսԣӭƮڣ˶ȥһִս֮ǰ˷ܣ־еʲϵĴ˷ǻۣҹеĲӵǿң
䱸ɭޱȣԿȫװʿڳҹһ·񱼣Ҳ֪ײ˶ٵˣϣһǾ޴Ĺ֮⡭
ҹ֮ʱӳڵУʲôҹĵЦվʾ뿪ӭǰȵĺʦܣɻˣǺǣЩһֱʦĺϢʦǸеѽ˵ţѾҹǰһѽҹ§ţЦʦܣãҲҪأ
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ҹͻȻʲôȥʵˣʦ֣˴˭ģ
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ǸһǺǣ˾Хһ£ڻڴš쵰ƶĽŻĴ治磬ʵڲףҪǸʲôӳЦŻش
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ҹ뿪߳ǸûʵĹͣ˽Ųųͷӳ죬þò
Х죬һʤʧҵġ
ҹа뵽һɪ紵ںڵͷɢסߵա¶ҹͻȻеѾˣ

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ϵӳѾƴʱѾ·ˡǱҲѾõϢڽŵĽ׼ɫȵ˵˵˵ͷΣŤͷѯʣô
һ飬˵ʻ¶һĨЦݣ˵峤ӳѡĩʱڳȷЩϡǵ뷨綯ҲӦĿǺǣڶȻѾĵϸʮ͸ҪƱڶ֮ǰȡʤڻ˴ȥӣͬʱҲܹ˻ҫӳһǿǺǣϼһﻹûбͿҿһο²ô׾ܹɹģ
ŰȻһеܸˡϵЦֻһţǵٴ֮ϡǲЩֹˡ¹Ҳ˵ˣХһΣɽƽտءұһε¹֮ǰ֮ǧˣ˵ıɣǧ￹⣿ɵСӣɵСӣӪկᣬ˿ûаؿԣЩ˵
΢΢ЦһЦ˸ǵɣ˵ˣ峤ΪХǾʹˣһսʿҿû⣬Ҹ̺С
Ŷ⻰Ӧ˵ϲͰ̧ܣһԼ˾ŲŲƨɣѡһǳãǼʽ׼ҪͰһıۡ
¹һ̾Ҫ¡е˶֪ǲ˺Ͱ׼һУʳѽѽȵȡΪǵʱܾãڲԭսսҪϣѶϵûаȻһȡʤսõ֮СȴһȲ˸ԵˣֻҪһˮһੲݵ˵˵ͷۻġļʽƺҪʼһ֪ʲôʱıۣ¹һɬҪĵ˳ʡ
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ˣЦŰôҺ֤Ĺ۵㡣΢΢һЦ峤ΣɽȺɽɽ࣬ʮ룬˿޷ҵټΣɽǰˮȻïȴԭҵΣɽԶԶǣҵ֮һڵش֮䣬һֱûһ׼ȷĹޡ˾ХؾΣɽʵڽó׿СҲֻ֪ó׵ģ˾Х콫һ鿴ƶУһȶԴҲ䷢κεĳͻһ˵һһӴɳʾš
ϵϷ֮ɫ𽥵ˣڰвϱõľΣɽΣɫһԵĵ¹Ҳɵĵͷ
ˣ˵˾ΣɽҪԣôҪ˵һ˾Хˣ˾ХĹһʮֺսˣҲս˼нľľҲ˿ûҪԣҲսζһǰĳɱĽûճӪկĽҪþΣɽǰһƬĲԭı࣬һҲʮֵףдΧ˶ս¹Ҳ˵ˣıȻ࣬Ǽÿһ˶ó䣬ƥҪԶԶĴԱǲѾ֤ҵ˵صϣһԲ˵
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Ǿ˵ֻһʱĻءʱдΧתƣڴģػսУŻ֣Ǻǣʹǵĵռܹ˾Х˵ĲǼ䷿ݣǵһȺˣֻҪ˾ХţͻԶĴȥŲˣµ˵
˳ĬˣпԿѾĻ۷ˡ
У峤˵˾ХµһȺˣǼ򵥵ǶǸǸƣǶǺˣѾƵ֮ߣٴվɳǰעɳѽľΣɽΣ˵ɣıһһç򡣲ɱ֮ǰȷһѺ֣̣ٺ٣ӳѡˣ
ĻҲЦ˳˵ͷ԰˵˵Ĳӳһѡһ㲻ҪǣȻӳһ˴γʮֵðȻ˫ı⡣ǼһĲࡣҰɣҲʮֵ׺һСӡҲ֪ХǷֵܹסɣһ棬ϾһұԹ֪һﲻöԸѽ
ХЩǿԶԸģɣçʰ˵Ļôҿ峤㻹ĽľӻϾӳǼȽﶼûгѽЦ˵
ͻȻݺݵһޣҲ֪ǸɵСʲô˼ҴѾƽѣ˧ȴ֪ܵľѾͷҲ֪ô£ɵСֲ״ôҲһ֣⵹ãǶڣȺޱЩѽ
һֱĵ¹࿴Ǳŭ飬æվ˵峤Щˣ
Ŷôˣ
¹Ц˵峤˴ҷǰȻ˵СһӦҲûһЩХСȻڣ˿ûаңԵʮֵƽţХ첻ڣ֮Ƕʮ޵ķƣȻЦеģҿԸоһһĻ֮ҲʮֵҪҿԸܵХģһִķҳϡ⣬ǸҲһʮĽɫһټ϶ʮ޵һֵܣ¹˵һ䲻Ļʮ־޴ģǵĲҲսʤǡӳϢѾںǰ˷ȴаľţʿѵأټʮ޵ȥһǧǿսʤɣģ
Ŷô𣿵¹ࡣб۾ʵ
Ǻǣʵ峤Ҳһ˽еİأֻڿǵķ¹׵ģ˵ɫЩͣ¹û˲һƨ
Уʲô˵¹࣬ʲôѧƫƫҪѧңƥĵʵйãһԵİм˵
εĵ¹ָ࣬ŰıӴ϶˵ʲôҲ˶أʲôƨԴ򶯣¹˵ʵ峤ôӢΰô᲻֪
¹ĵͷȻ˵ʲôϵıȴдųݶ֡
Ŀڴ֮ϣ˵Ǻǣʹɣһܲ˽㣿Ϊ˵ľХ쳯䷽ǰȴû㣬в죡ŮŮαĽйûХ죬ٺ٣ָɣˡ
˵ҲûУ˵±һƣɵЩ߳ŭָķţ˭˵ǸѾͷˣս˧Ȼڣ˵ǲǹ֣
Ǻǣ峤㲻÷ϣ컹˺ȾƵʱ߶ľХ˵֣ﻹ˵ʲôһﲻТ˳ѵ˵Хľ˲ģǶӥʮ޲ģٺ٣֮ǰ˵ӥһܹ£꽫ԭͳһ֪ǲǣŲæ˵ţǵЦŨأǺǣʵڶʮ޵˭
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ڣӳ¶ַɣԥٴӳҲû˿ԥǧӳǰ˵ʵɣӳлѣӳڸǶΣɣģҪΪƽأǸʲôԳħ˾ХǧУ˾ХɱˣȻԳħħһǿĴʣɣôƺԼ
ڴ֮ϣɣгţһѹѹǧо͸еޱȵĿ֡һḧеǹǺǹϣе˴ǹڻ
ǰУɣĴ˵˵һ߿µĴԣԷһ˻ﳾɳ۶ȥǧɳۣڲš

ǰаǾΣɽڷɳ֮䣬еĳͻȻס˰ɣ˵ɣ۾ǰԼɽϴŲмЦݣ˵ţͣ㣬Σɽǰ
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Сѣսԭ֮ʱ㲻֪ĸǵĶš٣̫ͨزһƷĹԱһͨݱ˾ҲһƷĽӳӳ峤Ҫһ𣡾ΣɽأӴ֮ڵѵҪ֮кͨļֱںӿЦɣɵôŭ
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ৣһٴγǰٻϣǿǰٻڵϴһɣɫ࣬ǰٻŭ˵쵰ӴҪѵģ߶û꣬ҴнٶȣǺξģ˵ţмĵ֮вһŸȵļһиһһķҪͨ棿ʲôӳһԭǿǵʵҹûӳһİͳһԭʾãŶûУ
ǰٻţû˵ʲôһԵĽ콫ĬĬȥ
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ƣ˾Ҿ˽ӽӦ÷ֹǳû͵ϮٻԽԽСûϢ
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˵󻬣Զݴ֮õδȣ͵Ϯ֮ǱĻ֮Ҳñߣɲѽǰٻڶ԰ɣ˵
ȥı飬Ӵֲʶһȴɱ꣬δ̣ʲô飬̾ҪǷɱôĹءӲȴõƷĶʲô飬ɣЦ˵еڽɵͬЦ
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۾ӳҲ£ۿŰɣϴŲм飬˵㲻ǸũūǸ¼ӣ
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ٺٺ٣С龹Ȼ˵ãããɣŭЦӳݣЦϣС飬ӲŲʲôϵӣɣֻ峤ӾͺúõĽѵ㣬֪ũūֶΡˣɣĺȵ
ױʱ˴֮Уɣָӳݣ˵ļһȥشپӵҪϵĶũūľ
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ױ˵ǣϾӪ𣬻ӣһƬΪ˵꣬ͼֳһױϥڵأ²ãӪϻԴȻȼ𣬻Ӻܿ졭

һı棬ʱɣľƾһ룬Ȼվ𣬷ץ𰸱ߵĳȥһ߳壬һߺСĽ䱸͵Ӫδ䣬Ѿ⡣
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ʲôģӲ˵˭ŵĻҪ壡ɣҹлصţ˲䱻ȼյڸǡ

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׷ԼһңһͻȻתǰһϿ֮СϿ˵ϿȣʵҲλƽ֮䡣֮ϣϡϡĳżһȥûаɣǶûпǣϿ׷ȥĽ΢΢һԥϿ˻ȥ
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ڿһնƿЩϢİɣɣӳҪǧﾡϻǯϿ֮У˵ţڿն뿪սͬҡϵӥڿһŤȻ֮նδǿ͵ľѾķﲻϣ
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ֻһɹԳǹƱɣȫǿһˣڿһȵϡɣҲǿ͵һĵڵأһѪǹأζ޷վ
ӳĽĺȴʮһΧм䣬޷ͻҲԥһڿлһ磬бϣһƳĲҽУɣ屻Ǽһضϣϰڿз裬˫Բ
һӣͣ㣬ɳۣһִİɣױ룬һֵܣɣն
׶Щʧȥ־ӳͳɱηģÿһӳʿе־塭
ʱһֱƴıηҲӳɱͬһȺ⺷Ůɲһ㣬ǱⲮһ׶սһ飬ӳս֮вͣĳ
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ڴ˿̿ͻȻһһХХ죬һֲԭе⺷ͲԾ˲佫սɱڸǣ
һ׵ĺ𣬷·֮һըףǺеսʧ룡ս֮зϤХʱдϲߺ𣺡ֵǣˣ
һУһɫŵһƥ񿥵ͻȻɽ֮ϣ˾Хһ鲼£ϵİ̺΢΢Щ죬Գɫһ˸ꪣںƱϣɢ˵ɱһԾĵħһ㣬ɽ𣬷·Ժ
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һ࣬صƶʱս˶еޱȡ˾Х˵ľıη磬ȫӳǰ
һֱľӣ㲻صս֮ٴڿգȵһƥս֮ϣһӳжһѳһĨѪսͷʬԶܶȥ
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ֹˣ֮У㿴ˣһʹþΣɽһȫЧٺ٣ܵ˼ҡҡͷЦѡ
ѽУҲŸӵĵģһֱҵ۹ıòֿ⣬ΪṩΪǵ۹һʲô飬֮֡ҡҡͷվڴ߶У㿴ɣһսոտʼ˾Хʤӳŭ᲻һеĶһʧܣҪһǰδеս֮ˣ
ص֮УҲεҡҡͷߵ֮еߣ֮Уıˣ죬Щ鲻ǿԾģʥ洫µͣڲֻԼҼ˼Ǳģ
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һ޼ʵƽԭԵøļžɽڹƽԭϣһͷ˯ʨɢׯصϢ
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£޷ķȻĺеһĺЩƺÿһεĺǣһһ㣬޷ͣ
ģһŨķϢɢһĺؼΪˮȴߡᣬһŨʧȡ֮һ͸ıǽߵˮɵĺһ㺮ԽԽ𽥵Ľȫڣʹһ𱻱顭
ƣһֵĺȻըܡЩХֹڵϣһ΢졣΢΢Ĳ䣭һһ֮󣬵ͻȻѺۣͬѣĽ»ۣһ죬΢΢Ĳ̳ɽûþ÷
ã̳ʧɽ֮ϳݺܲ֣֮ɢθĺ
ϲʦ𣬺ϲʦ񹦴ɣݺ£ȻʤһޱȵڿлصһĵӰͻȻɽ³ڿһ㣬̳еȥ
ٺ٣Сˣ𣡡˷һᱡЦ⣬һѽŮӽס§ڻУ̽Ǳ֮ڣǰද
¹˵ϣǰɽ֮ϵˣ俴ȥѮңüĿ㣬ԵøӢɫЩ԰ףһϢϷĿģ١Ůӣڶʮ£ĸɫĽƮ֮䣬һ˫ɼ˺Хĺ֮УƺһҲûие䣬·壬¶˵ߣ絶ǰԳ÷˿¶һֿĴ飬˫պ󣬽޵˫΢΢ſ˵Ϣ
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ٺ٣С꾫ЩΪʦһֱæк׽ӣǵȲ𣿡˵ţһ˫Ѿȫ̽ĻУ˵߲ϡ
ѾʧȥǣŮӴϢţ˵½󳶿¶˰ţĴǣţΧ˵ǰ㲻ͣĴת
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ٺ٣СɧŶûкȣͼˣЦ˵ֽǿĽһʱǽڿз裬һֻĺ
һѽǳŮ˽ԼĴݺݵӡŮ˵ĴϣĽϵĺɫһ¶׳˶塣˺֮УȻֻǴһ
Ϣļ٣ŮƺѾҲ޷ȴȥһ˫Ȼ˵䣬ԼӯӯһյѸ͵һͦзһ
ʦС÷ҪɣŮ˽ţ΢΢ЦˣȻڿնƯҹ֮Уϵͦ
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˾þò˺þãʵС÷չˣ
ʦǰЩ˵һнչ˳嶫ĲѾ£ֻмʶ̧ٵļһʼջûб̬˵Ҫʱ䡭
Ŷ˵ҪһЩʱ䣡ʦչΣ
ʦһ˵취ȡñȨڵ۹һֱѳڰ˴УҪһʱ䣡
̫ʧˣ˳ʱ䣬ԪľûõǹҶ˵һԵøСҲǷ빬ô꣬Ȼ
ʦҪҲ֪ǸһжྫµȺҲһЩ򵥵ĽɫС޷廰ֻ̫࣬һЩò飬ʦʵҲѾŬˣҪȡȨͱҪҵǸһߵȺ󳼵Ĺϵȷס
ţҵȻ֪ףҺôĻͷʦ֣ӿжǺǣСɧҲּʶѾô꣬ηڵꣿ񹦴ɣͬ٣Ҳںһ꣡ͻȻ
Уҹʦ˵ӳѾʧȥãǰЩܸһ˾ХˣȻҪҹʦ˵Ǹ˾ХӳͬʱѾȰӳ󶯱
˾Х죿Ǻǣʲôû˵СɧĹԽԽãΪʦҪܸˡ
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УܱܣȻСɧȥˣ
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СɧΪʦսΪʦΰɱ㡭

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ɽһĻͼ֮ʱһҶɽȻ½һ޾ĺ磬ԭǰ
׻һ߰꣬ڵ۹˶֮еʼǵ۹ڲԼ֮ͬ䶼˳ԭ֮ϡһɰڻƽ֮£һķ籩
׻ƴ½ʷϳһ꣬ʼһ꣡
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۾ɢâ߻˫ۣ¶һ˿ɫƾ˵ĸоеǰʮֺͰ֮Ų˵ıеһֻռȻԼʮֵջ󣬵ȴһ壡кһı۾˿Ƶڡ
ƴ磬ô۾ˣٺ٣ռѽ˵ţֽеռ˺һ˷θϮƵıӲĳ鶯£ŵ۾һ졭
ٺ٣ƴ磬㿴С˳ĳ⣬ôһӣƵ¶һĨȻɫʵǿЩ쵰ԩСܣСôƻ֮У³˾֮⣬СΪʵɿ뵱СҲĳʵɿСɾڲԭ˭˲֪СĽƴķɣҪΪ磬ԺֻҪСܳ⣬ôĶ粻֮࣬߶ţ˿Ѿ¶˲͵ɫ
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˿ûбƵĺţһĴ֮ɫźƣƴ磬ôԵĻ͸ѽ㲻˵ô֪Ҫԣô᲻㡭
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ʵСܵҪҲߣֻҪܸСһЩĿˮСܾˣ˵ԼĿġԴ˾Х֪ƵĿˮһ޷ݵ֮󣬾ͱź³һЩһֱõĿһЩû뵽ƵĿˮ֮󣬿彥˺תǿԿһЩģ˵飬÷ƸеĽѣÿΧźƣԼС̡֪֮ȴһʲô鶼Ȥÿ˯ǳԷƽʱһ˵ˮйûˡǼ˷ƣԺƵĿˮǴѲѣȻ˵ǿˮѺȣǶȴ̾ѡ÷¶ģҪһģѺȵĿˮǾ˳ʱ˼֮󣬷뵽ôһʳջķӣĴʦʮֲϼӹһֻռͼƭȡһЩƵĿˮ
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⵽ʲôвͣĴ󺰵Ȼͺһ꣬ǷʼûŪƵʲôֻ֪ͨ󣬿ޣκԿƣǰǣǡ
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һֻ۾ĿһǰһС˵־ģķƣмı۾
ңǾٺ٣Ҵ˴ֻҪЩˮҲƽϣ򡭡ƵĵӸˣĿźƣЦ˵
ޣƳ޷˯ʵЩˣŷһˮʪգճĿˮʱƵڸǡ
ƣ㡭ıףͺƶ˰죬ȴû뵽ĽƸһһƣĺ˯
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ƽƵĿˮɣһ֮ɫǰ˵磬ô֪飿
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Ƶ˵ͷ˾Х˻߳˾Хһǰʮֵ죬ޱȣȴһ㣬ΣɽСҲ׷ϣĸ󡭡
˾Σɽ壬ǰʿæ˾ХʾǻصԼλãԼڻߵһƬտ֮ϣԶҲߵߣ˳˾ХĿ⣬ңһ޼ʵĴԭ
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һ㶣˵ʮ׳
˾Х˵ͷ˵ƣҲˣҵĴСƬϣϵѪҺͺ˵ѪҺںһҴΪˣҵУҾһˣ
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Ŷɩ˵ңɻĿ˾Х졣
Х˵ͷľ˵ƽȻЩƤЦжԺܶ鶼ʮֵЦԼĹ۵㣬Ǻǣһľı׼˼֮裬ҵʱбʹڶֵܵижȴЩʱ򣬺ױҶҰġХɫأ˫гһߣԶаѩǵããԭ̾ţɽˮѽ
Ťͷ˾ХԷƵ˵ƣһȺֵܾһ𣬶Ϊ޾սң޼ҿɹ顣׳ɽˮ壬ǱһƬս𸲸ǣ޼ҿɹˡΪʲô
ûлشΪ֪ӦشĿ˾Х죬Ĭ˾Хһʮֵͳ˵ƣ⺷ʿõսȴʼձѹһ֮أΪʲôΪһֱսΪԼΪЩսǵʿսڲԭϣҰҧǵ壬ȴûΪᣬΪʲôֻΪһȺûκݵλˣڲͣı仯ǵĲԭȴǱǧǰ棬аı䶯ٺ٣ƣҲҲǵʿΪЩʲôƨװ׵ɥ˵Ӧô죿
Ĭһᣬ̧ͷ˾Х죬һһٵ˵ǾͳһĲԭеһǵգЩνĹǵĽ룡
ǣҪܶˣ˾ХԵø˸Уһ֮սǾõʿȻʿͶЩȥģȴԶ޷ٻҲûа취質Ҳûа취ȵǵ̾ƣ
˸һĪ˷ܣƵ˵磬Ȼкܶȥȴܶ˴ҸѵֵǵʿȥˣԶǣΪ޽ÿ궼ΪǼݣǻܸˡǵĲԭԶӣôҲʲôУǵǱҰǿеζ
ƣҪ˵ˣ˾ХԵЩʹࡣ
ƿǰĴ磬֪˾Хһʮìܵ״̬˼֮轫е־Ը˳Ǿ˵ͳһԭҪܶˡ
磬֪ʮֵã㲻Ӧħǲԭ̫ЩЧҵǰɣ㣬֪ǹϺӡЧңͬʱҲѾ׼Ϊ㸶ԼΪΪֵãƶݵ˵˾ХԴûлش𡣴һֱЩеìܣЧҵԽԽ࣬ܶ඼ǴӺңԶĵط˾Σɽ̶̵˿˼ǧˣټЩԼЧҵ䣬ԼУѾ˹˵ĿҲһС͵ĲˡԼ׳˾ХͻȻһ
֮ʱԼбʹľ֣㷢е룬û뵽һ׾˼֮ڶ̶̵µʱ䣬ԭе˶֪˾ХôһˡǷ׷ͶΪҲΪ˾Х޾ǣ˾Х˾Х죬ԶΪԼʧԼԶǵϻǯɨսʱԼµЩʿģһ˫˫Բ˫ۣ˾ХиеޱȵıˣѵļΪĳһˣҪôˡ
磬ЩȥʿҲͬϣܹվͳһǵĴԭǵĲԭԶҲûЩεַ˾Хļϣ˵磬ҲϣҴӸһ죬ҾѾ׼׼Ϊǵ
ƣ˾ХЩԾĿŷƣһʱ֪˵ЩʲôֻģĬȻЦЦ˾Х죬ͻȻһץס֣ϷʵЦѾɫأ˵磬һֵܸߣΪ书ǿҲΪȡ֮ĲƸǸ㣬Ϊˣ
˾Хû˵Ϊʵڲ֪ԼӦʱ˵ЩʲôֻǽŷƵ֣Ļ˻ΡٴεЦˣԼִ˾ХгһֱԶɽͳ˵磬㿴ǵĲԭôĹ˵ģƬԭһʮΰ壬Ǿ塣⺷ʿõսͬҲ˿ԭǻۡ׻ƽǧǵȴʼձѹ棬ǳǱˣǱҪˣΪʲôΪǲԭս磬ҺֵܣһȺûмҵˣڲԭεǲ֪ʲôʱǵͻսᡣÿһ˶Ųͬÿһ˶Ųͬ磬֪ŬһȺ»ֱ꣡죬㣬磬㻹ǵ𣿡
˾ХҲͻȻЦǺǵĲ˵ҲЦҺ갮ˣ·㣬Ϊʲô塣㼸½Ǵ򵽣ǸʱǶѾΪҪˣ֣ЦŶ˵ֵܣһɣɣ磬֪ʱǵĸоʲô
ͷ˾Х캩Цҡҡͷŷơɫʮֵׯأ磬ϣһűģȻɱеʱչĲ̣֪еĿơһԶɥʧģΪһ㣬Ǹ㣬һߵ˽յʲôʱֻҪ뵽㣬Ǿͻģֵܺͬĸо磬ͳһǵĲԭʹǵʹǰΪ㵲ȥһеĵ
ֵܣ˾Х춯ݵĽе
ƿңԶɽ˵Ĳԭѽ

˶һĳĬУɽĴ˾ХͷƵ¾紺ĺб֮Уƺ˾ХӰбƳƽһֱĵĳơ˺þã˾ХŻĿڣֵܣҲϣҵֵΪ赲ϣÿһ˶ֵģɱ¾Ȩõ飬Ĳϣ˾Хڲ֪һˮңԶĲԭͳ˵˺ܱСԭϣ֪ҵĵ˭һˡĲͲλ峤ͬȻ𣬵ȴ޷ӰҶǵ𾴡˺ܶ࡭
ƿ˾Х죬ɻΪʲô˾ХͻȻ˵ⷬţûд˾Х졣ķƵļ˾ХɫΪص˵ƣ֪ͿǺܴˣǱԶǶҵģҺܸлҲϣȥΪҸǵһʲôûУҵľľһȺεյֵܡҸϧȨλһȺֵѡһѡǣ˵ǿĻţʲôҪҪ
磡Ƶ۾Ҳڲʪˣס˾Х֣ð˵磬һô磬ǻ˿ǲǸһ㣬֪֪ľɩ֪ÿһֵ֪ܶߵʱǻúܰģʲô飬Ƕʮ㡣ǻ۾һڽеֻڹؼʱŻνʣ磬ʱѪսʱǶ賤ħףû˷ֵŤͷ͵͵µˮ磬ҿˣһе޷ݡĳӲ㲢еɱħ෴һı㣬磬ǧҪñ֪ǻˣ
һֵ˾ХЩ죬Ĭ˵Ļĵ֢ڣͳһԭǲԭϴδֹ֮λǣ
磬ͳһԭҪܶˣһȻ顣׻ƴ½ϵĿ˭˫̤Ѫ˳ɹȻǵմѪǲȥǣΪΪǺƽ۹Ŀʥ棬ֱӻ߼е˿²һսѪд˽յ޵۹ûȥΪУҲս档ǵĲԭ޵۹һ㣬ҪһǿͳߣǸͳߣֻ㣡
ң˾ХԾĿŷƣȻֹһεΪԭͳߣȴΪԼܹɹХЦˣֵܣҪô翪ЦԼʲôԼ֪ҿսɳȴһͳߣ
磬ԹŵǿȨǿͳ˵ǻ۵Ľ塣һ׺еΧߡֻЩ»ԳɹľɩӺͿߣȴע㽫ΪľɩӴϻۣݣǿΪһеĺ֮ǡǻ죬Ҳڹ꣬Ǿ˸ԺǲܹĳɳѾ㹻ˣ磬׺ľɩӵĴϻۣпһʱôϽûܹĶ֣Խ˵ԽĲţץס˾Х֣˸Ĺʣ磬ǸʱǵĲԭǿǽס
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Զ𣬽˴ӳ˼оѡ˾Х̧ͷԷƵ˵ֵܣ룬룡
Ƶ˵ͷûǿХ죬˿ɫХ˵磬ɫѾˣľɩӺֵڵǣǻǸϿȥɣХ˵ͷųصĲɽȥĬĬĸ˶ԵЩأ
һӰϦУ᫵ɽԶԶĿ˾Х죬Х죬ҵˣ
˾Х첻ɵ¶һĨЦݣ۹͵ĿԼľڲҡҡͷľͬ磬գۼХǰ˿ХķƣЩ˵ƣ㣬ʲô˵Ļ죬˵Х˵ʲôˣ
ԩѽɩӣգۼָֻյƤЦģһĳ֮ɫί˵ɩӣɲҪǸϹ˵ҶԴĹʲô֮ģģһʼСұӢǶҶˣɩ˵ӢһᱻǸһĻԻ󣡡
˭ɩӣҽеĻҾ͸ɷԺ㲻ľ̵ģϻ¶ŭɫݺݵĵ˷һۣȻһЦ
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ͷҡ˹һ㣬Ƶˣ˵ˣ˵ѽҺɷʵʵľХͬʱЦ˳
ľٶˣǺǣҽ˵˵Цգ˾ХЦŶľ˵ľ𣿿Ҵææģǲʲô£
ľɫȻʮֵأХ죬ղ˴Ϣӳµľٶˣ
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紵ڲãĲԭϣѩڻһСϪں֮Сںӣĸ׺ӣ˷ïԭҲǲķǡ
ںӷԴں¡ɽҲ׻ƴ½ĸ׺ӣسˮ֧֮һϪˮڽۣ˹ںۻĺˮһǰıţ質ţƳͣͬʱҲ֤˥
ҹڹںӱߣϵĺˮϢڲһ˿ЦݡЦһǷῡƽһָӶ˵
ֽ߲¶ɫСݾһ߰Ūţһ߳˼ѾһˣеһжԼƿ֮УҲò˶ٵʱ䣬ͿԼ롣ӳҲ̫õģҹͻȻЦˡ
̧֣СйҡڻҹǴһ˿Ц⣬зСݣԺȴڲǰսӵһź
С÷ԼһţԼչʦǰڲ˻󷨵һķİΪѾӽ֮ͬʱչʦԼĿǰԭĽչʮ⣬Ŀ佱һ󷨵ĵķԼûй˽ҹȻмиܵС÷ŨŨİ⣡ÿ뵽ҹͻеһʹΪԼС÷϶Ŀ£ǿЦգÿ뵽С÷Ǹ϶ӭϣҹľڵѪһ㣬ַĵʹе裡
ݺݵһȭڵ̰ϣƺҪйеʹ࣬ҹڲӿ̰ǿһȭ΢΢ѿһϸ졭
ϲļһΪҸʲôķͿԽ򣿺ߣⲻ֪ǰѾͻƵĵķС÷Ѿ͸㻯󷨵ĵڰķŰɣҲ㻯󷨵һľһƷ̵ֶΣС÷ллΪͻƻ󷨵߾֮һȢ㡭
ҹ˸һɱǰˮͻȻվ˫лĻΪ滺ᣬƶ֮ɱɡΧ֮УڵСƺһǿ͵ƯߡݼϸʵȴʼĿƯ䣬ԳһĹѾ˻Ĳļӿ죬һḬ̃Ĺ죬׽двϢȴӵĻԼ磬߸ѸȻһĳХĿзļˮ֮ԵøġǧһɲǼԭؼٵתһȦӰҹڱӰ֮дУָᶯ䣬һ΢ХȻհеİһӯƮдһ˫һϣԷһװľ죬ӰȻʧݻعڵ棬ȴǸֱ棬֮䣬ѷӡҹ˫ſٴηĳХ
žžžһҹжȻһæ䱸Դȥֻӳһľɫվҹǰ֮⣬Ĺƣùѽϲо
ҹ΢΢һ£ƮȻڵ棬˫һ٣صݶʱɷĩɢ档ӳ˵ԭ㣬һΪ˭أһʲôʱģ
Ǻǣڳ֮ص֮ʱֻƺ£򲻻ӳĽŲˣӳԵ˾˵ѧԱֻƬ̵ĹۿӳѾǳˣӳɫԵøĹҹ磬Ѿǳĵľ塣Ȳ˵ҹˣӱŭӳоԼһҽҩԼƸԱ֮󣬱ҹǰʹ䣬֪֮ӳжѡӳ׸ӳƣΪӳһ帰󣬾Ȼ
ÿÿ뵽ЩӳͶӳһеĻ䡣ԵɣսϻǯǧϤսϢ󣬷ǵеһĪĿȻҹһ˵ЩΪΪҹҹ˵ĺӳӳһ꣬ΪӳȻӳһ֮ǵ˴ΪӳƵ˾Хһ֮ѾҲǷӳһʲôˡҹ磬ԼҹģôҲҹģʱҹֻЦЦû˵ʲôһ쿪ʼӳ˽ҹĳƺѾı䣬ҹ
ҹҲû˵ֻͬǶӳĳƺÿɷڹĳУ˻ҹӳֵĽУ˽ҲûзӳԼƺףӳ˵һӳƻҪҪӣ
ӳ˵ҹֻЦЦûپ̸ȥʵңǷҪҪ棿
ӳ΢΢˵ͷһ£˵ӳ峤һֱڽܹĵ׼ǰɣᲿຣɽʹѾ˵Ѿǵʿһ
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ͷ۾źӱϵĺˮŴ㡭
㿴µδӳҹ粻˵ֿʵ
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ҹ˫˸Źâϴ͵ɫЦʵָսأ
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ҹЦ𣬹˺þãֹסЦ˵ҹȻûп㣬Уֻһʼձѵͷԣãܺã˵գҹɫһ䣬˵ǰЩ峤ҪһҾĵ򲻿ɵ˵
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ҹ˵ͷʾ˵ȥ
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µ棿ǸǷɿҹһӳæ׷ʵ
Ǹ˺ǴСѣӳһУŵľˡƭңǧȷ
ԼıӣҹĬڼٵתš
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ӳȥǰʹɣһúõһʱģҹ翴ӳʧıӰϸֳһĨЦݡ
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峤Զҽӵ峤֮󣬺޲ó򣬷ɵ峤ߡʱȺѾ׼峤ĵʬΣӣ鲻̧ͷ˵ӳһĴ֮һӳһļҳ˵ҲһȴûκεĹϰСͼеĲӣҲһսгɳʿͰɣȣԵóȣȻɣµĺȴӳսҲΪĺȵİѳӳһĳƺš
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üͷȴ΢΢һ壬͵ۿһӳСʵ峤ô˵ӳһ嵥ñ𣿡
ǺǣȻǣչӳһ۷Ļᣬôܹ飬úõɱУЩ￴εǿ͡ӳ˵
һĨ֮ɫ˵峤˶Ĳñ໥֮䲻Э޷ͳһǲе㡭ӳɫû˵ȥ
飬ôԽԽСˣߵƲʣ˵֮أεֿǵĴҪʲôͳһƥҲԽԷƽ£ôͲҪȥˣӳ˵
һ仰öڵĺŲӴ˵峤鲢Ǻ£Զ峤¸ҵʿȻ峤˵ôһɱսҺҵĺ˺һôö鲻ú˵ţŵӶȻֱӳ˵
ӳĵ˵ͷ˵飬ҵʿ¸ҲҪ֤ӳһ¸ҵʿһ˿ԻɡҲŶһҾųôջҵĻҵʿǸ飬սõ˵ѪΪ㶼һϹٵһʰɣ
ף
ӳ΢΢Ц֪ƶ飬֪ʲôܹö鷢һε֤һ㡭
峤ǳԺ󣬽ǽ˭أʵ
ӳĬˣһֱҲΪգҪɱǽҲҪءУҹѵѡʦܣӳʮ˴ζܹͬԼһҹǰĳʹĪĹϵȻЩҹе٣ΪҹʦܣͬʱҲеǣΪеһĪвҹʵ̫ǿˣǿЩӳе£еĺܶ˶ҹ綼ʮֵϻЩ϶ҹҲǵͷһؽǣ᲻ᡭ
ȻӳᵣҹıԼλã֪չʦҲĹҹ硣ͬʱӳһ峤˿ԵģҹԼԡ
ҡҡͷӳ־ԼʵһҹʦǰԼԼӳһ֮ΪӳһĴҵ˵ǾľҲûʲôҪ󡣿ǾΪӳžЩԾԭ˵ֻЩֵֹĸоԼĻǣҲûܹҹʵѡǽǽҹ磬ҲǵڽԼϼӸҹ磬Լܷ
뵽ӳ̧ͷ˿飬ʵ飬Ϊ˭ؽأ
룬˵ӳ
ʲôǸ쵰ؽǣӳȻɫŶ飬Ҳû뵽ᵽԼΪʹ޵ˡ
һ˵峤ӳҶѾ˵ˣ˵ʵҲΪӳʲôǸūţôܹ峤־峤Ѿ˵ҳϡ峤ӳһ֮У۲ܹӳǲӦõġ˵ʼվ峤֮Իڴ˵ľӳ֪ҲκεĹϵΪһбԵɣ峤죡
㡭ӳĻ£û뵽ֱӵ˵Լȴ֪Ӧλش
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飬㡭ӳһȶһԼĻûеӳɵӣȻסָû֣ð죬˵飬Ϊӳһʵѡ𣿡
ǵģ˵⻰ûа˽ģ峤˵ʵҺӳʶȴǸ˲š˽ģҿҵĶӶأǶȻ䣬ȴûıӳһУı˵ģӳҲûбˣ峤˼
۾ӳŶ飬˵ã飬֪Ϊӳһǣûа˽ġ֪ƶ֮ҼҪɱӳҵĳޡ
峤Ĵ󣬵ǵʿҳϵģΪһĴ۶ıҳϣʹӳж峤ʵӳһѪӳһҳǲı䣡˵ͣһ£ȶһ˵峤ӳô˵ֻůʿģԶҳϡ
Ŀ𣿡ӳɵĿŶ飬ĵ˵ͷ
ӳͻȻЦˣٴվߵߣ˵飬ǶΪֻһʵ֪ǻ۵ˡ˵ҺܸлһĿĻİɣ
Ƕǣ鹪һ񣬴󲽵ȥ
ŶıӰӳ˳˼ѵԼĴ𣿲ɷϣӳӳһɫˣԼӳӳƣʵӳΪӳƽı۰򡣵ԴӳԺԼ͡
˵ʵ綼˵ӳûκεĴ޷ӳƣӳҲǸ߸ϵָʹӳԼӳƵӳЩƽңԼǸʦܡ
ҹԼؽǵѡԼҲȷ޷ղŶ˵ĺеȻʦĵӣȴ޷˽顣ҹʲôҰģԼѲʮֵİӳĻԭԼǰЩԼʵЩ֣ԼǷůӳһģ
ӳͻȻеЩͷۣȵһɨ⣬ĻĶ߲ͣĻ졣ԼҪ뿪ǣͻȴеĪķꡣڴزͣ߶ӳš
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 һ ħХ ʮ

˾Хɳۣµĺڳ˯һ֮Եøľ񣬴зɳ֮䣬ͬһ㣬ɫǧﻯһ
ķģЩ̹ǣȴǳںƵıϣ˾Х۵ɫĲԭѾɫװԵøĲԴ䡣һƬȻ֮У˾Хȴǳġ
ԼҪεĶԸ֮Уǧ¾ûоѵǶǲŹ˳ԼĲԭǶԣʲôǼɣǻ֪ɱսǾһѺ֣ѵصԼǧ¾һɢɳһ㡣⣬ԼܹʹõıҲֻʣΧЩԼͶĲ䣬Щܹս²ᳬһıԼӦúȥδӣ
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¶һĨЦݣ˾ХһִߵͷӥǰɫׯصĿͷѾûϢĺӥϵЦѾȡ֮һ־ĽɫֻӥΪԼͬȡʤϧΪۣ˵ľ˾Хôܹأ
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ܹХĻӥǻķ衣Х콫еľ޹ŻܵԼߵĺƱϣ˫ͬڵھţһڣһ˵ʿǣллǣѾ֪Ӧôˣ
һߵĴ˲䱻ڳ˾Х콫ֻӥʬ˿У˫һƣĸ˿Уӱסһ޴ķʯһƽʯһ޴ʯݺݵĲԭء
Х죭ľͻȻڿУХŤͷȥֻľԶɳۣһɫڷɳзգХǰ
Х죬ôһܳˣҶҪףʲôľսֵĶХ˵ͻȻĿⱻХǾ޴ʯֵʵ
ľʱ򣡡Х¶һĨЦݣĽղſһĻľȻתǰʯ˵ľڷôдģǺǣã룿
ХĻľҲһɵ֮ɫߵʯ֮ǰ˼
Ȼָͻ죬ŻʯдšʯĭƮɢڿС
Ϧӳʯ֮ϣɷдţӥչᶷȺƲͽκΡӥնȺСӥﳪӢ꣡׻һһ¶ʮħ˾ХۺӥС
£ľֿһʯŤͷХ˵Х죬߰ɣ˾Х쿴һʯ̧ͷϿշĺӥ¶ЦݣֶԺӥ˾Хľ˵߰ɣѾ֪ζԸӳһĹˣ
˵ţдһڣٴǰХ췭ЦŶľ˵ľǻȥ
ľ˵ͷҲԼİХ΢΢һЦ
˴ɣΣɽ۶ȥ
ɽ֮ϣӥΧǾ޴ʯ
ɽһΪֹԭҰϮĵͰľ⣬ûκεķʩ˾ХһȺֵｨûһҪһսĳ˾ХһôܹĵطûзïˮݣҪΪһض˾ݡƾħдĲƸѾֵǹһְ˾Хزܻκεսｫһ˼
ǣ˾Х֪ˣǷ˴һ粨ӭսϴⲻǸ˵־ԾġûκһۿһϵĳɳǻὫһС𣬶ӳУЩУһСݣ
˺ƣ˾ХվڵͰľ֮ǰվþò˿ͻȻóģΪʱѾˡ
ľߵ˾ХıƺоХеĳأĽеХ죡
ţ˾ХĲɵĴӦţ۾עǰһ޼ʵƽԭϻǯص·ϣѾԼսһӦԵȴʼ޷ö⣬Ϊһصʼ޷¶ġ
Х죡ľٴĽеХһˣתͷľ΢΢һЦֽľ§ڻУ۹ٴηңԶƽԭϣ˵ľʲô𣿡
Х죬ַˣ֪ӳĶ֮⸱겻ӣҶΪģХ죬ǵ꣬һһǣ˵ģʲôľ˵
Ҳ֪ԼҲХ쿴˿С˵ľЦЦľ֪ӳҪٴζʱҾһֱ޷ƽղɽϹۿӥգƺԼ֪Ӧӳսȴһܴң˵⵽ʲôľһֱ룬ҵ⵽ʲô˵ţХתӪʣ˵ӳǰѾͷӰݣԭ֪飬ЩĲ䲻￿£ΪܹѰһݰҡ
˾ХǰյףľɵøеһʹХ֣ðλشХ죬֪Ѫڣֵǵļҡǣ˴ӳǶӰͬʱʮʮ岿乲ʮ߸ͬʱټӳһʮ˸Ǿǿ״򷢵ǵģХ죬֪߾¶ʮ޸Ǿܹӣԡ
ľһ£ƺˣ˾ХͻȻֹľĻһĨׯ飬תľ˵ľټʮҵĴмϣϣ˵ţûľε䣬ȥ
ľХıӰɵÿɬЦˡ
վڴеɳǰ˾Х첻ϵģӳ·ǰ࣬һİ̺΢΢Щ죬Եø
һҶ΢ĽŲľơͶʮ޵ֵ˴֮С˾ХûǣɫׯصĿǰɳ̣ϴų˼ı飬վһҲûг£Ŀ˾Х졭
ã˾Х쳤ĳһŤͷ˵ˣ
磬֪ôʲô飿ƹ˵ҲջЦףȡ֮һࡣ
ǹ˾Хʾ˶ߵɳ֮ǰָɳ̶˵ҹۺӥգһԲߣǻ֮ȴеҪʵʩǵļƻƺһҪ⣬һֱ벻һ⡣Һľ̸ͻȻˣӳ˴Ȼƴ󣬵ȴǴҲ˵Ǳ󣬵ȴûͳһָӺ͵ȡ
磬Һе˼ˣ˻ЩԻ󣬿˵
ţǺܺã㽲ıȽҿ˵ɣХ˵ͷԿ˵ҶڿԼһ£ɳϻͷ˽͵ǿӳ˴ͬʱӳһжУڲڻȷʮӴ󣬵֮ӳĳͻ⣬ǲûκεĹڡȻʮ־ˣȴûͬ飬໥ӱȻʮֵĽܡ˼ǷҪСֵıסӳǵоٶȣȻԵһ
˾Х˵ͷ˼Ǻǣʮ߸乲ȴûκɺսҲ˵ǵʿҲûа׼ΪӳоٶӳǰΪѸͣԵĶԵЩຣɽկɣ͸Ĳ˵񾡳Ƕӳ˵ĹˣȻʮ䣬򣬺ǺǣмѾ˵⣡
Χɳ֮ǰ˲ϵĵͷǶû˵ĵȴ˾Хļ
鱨нٶȲһӳн죬Щľһ£ӳһԼҪʮ죬ԼʮңܺǻϡҴ첿סӳһоٶȣϵĥǵľͷǴܿսΪУΪǿ͵ӳȫôشʿ˵ǷʤĿܣ˾Х¶һĨЦݡ
Х죬أһĿţð죬ľɬʵ
ʱٴһƣҶĬĲٳ
˾ХϵЦݲˣɫԵüΪѿòŻ˵Ƿ
пʼЩɧˣҶưʾ˰ɫĿ˾Х죬ʵ磬ôΪӦôźأ
˾Х۾Ķɳ̣һһٵ˵ӽ죬ķǵѪ֪һʱѽҵ뷨ҪȡʤôͱҪҪ֪֮ʱûпǵսأΣɽȴտء֪޷סһζǿأǾЩޱˣʮнΣɽľ갮ؽܹˣס࣬һǧɽͬʱЩֽţøӳһһϲͻƬĲԭϺ
ӥͺ˵һʧһ仰һʯͶƽˮУʱ˿ʼɧӥ˵˾磬Ǿܷ磬ֵһֽģǵѪʿǵӢꡣǷˣϻǯɥʿǰװ׵ġ
ӥסڣŭĺһɲǣɢһ˴ûмϣׯصϢʱôаϴŭɫӥֿ˿ˣһټ˵ǺʲôҲǲѶΪ֮飡ѵƴһսֵܶսŶԵȥʿ֪ΪΪ֮ǱŻ飡ͣһ£ȶһԼ˵˵ĸ飬˭ȴࣿǴѡһֽΪѪûȥľɩӣǿôֻ·һǶµʿҲڵս⼸ѵвʮֳǧ⣬ĸһɢɳֵǣҪˣ˵ĶԣֻзǵƣڹĲԭϺѰսһʤֻҪǻţֻҪΣɽڣֻҪ쵼ǣôһ½
гĬˣе˶Ŀŷƣƺһʶ˷һ㣬˿̵ķƣյķƽȻһ㣬ɢһηĺ顭
磬ǧԸǧ赲ӳͻתƴĶ˾Х˵ɫԵøׯأǲ֪ΪʲôХȴһһֲͷ
Уƣӳͻһ£ֻ˼һ£˾Х˵кƣ죬ʮӶԷһУҲû˿ԽΡ㣬ƣӦôֵ
磬򲻿ɣƴХĻ˵磬ڣСģսһԣģսҷƻ޷к书߾һԵǧڣǸʤ㣡ңβԭһƬϤǳ˵ҵӣǺƴҷȻܣӳͻһʮѵ飡
ƣ˾Хƺ˵ʲôǷȴѾϥ˾ХǰХѥӣ̧ͷдž⣬˵磬ҷƸûʲô͡ıҲսҲ糲ӥ̫֣书ȻȥȴԶԶ޷Ტۡ˴γսĴ£㲻ôӰʿʿƱıûУ͵Ϯңó֮У˭ҸڱˣȻľɩ֮⡭˵ƿľ΢΢һЦȻ˵磬ׯصģ粻ܽӳӣĲŻ
˶ˣƷŵǵͷһǣѾ򵥵ģХʾԼľҳϣһ֮󣬷ƽХֵܣΪһ׸ХʿХ˿ֹƣôԷһּ裡
ƣ˾Х۾ЩʪˣƷ𣬴ŲҵЦݣŷƾþòʵ˭ףƾǧӳǼһܵ飬˵һɱԶԵȵ飡񽫻˵ʵѾХǱľġ
ơľҲһĽеǻߣû˵ۿеˮͣĴתͷ˴ʡ
ķƵļͷ˾ХŬʹԼ¶ЦݣֵܣҴӦ㣬ٺִôǶˡֵܣסһŻ
Ƶţû˵ʲô˲ظϷЦݣ˵磬ģһҵʹҪúõĴץһʲôģҺúõʰһٺ١
ХҲЦˣЦдһĨɬڷƵĶ˵ȥɷɣҵʿҪˣҲһûкŮ´ʿô뿪ˣʡý˵Ҷҵʿ̫ˡ
硭ƵͻȻˣо˵۹ⶼЩ죬ҲԵЩ̫Ȼ˵ͷŤҪ뿪ߵǰͻȻͣŲЦŶХ˵磬ֲֻһˣеֵǶǣǺǣҲǡ
Сӣ˾ХҲˣЦһ̵ĳ˴ʣлصˬʵЦ
ŷ뿪˴ʣ˾ХɫһλָϾ֮ɫĿ˿еˣõͳ˵ֵѾֹӳһͻôʣµľҪˣǷǾǺ£Ǽʹ˳ҲҪòԭЩһ֪ʿ޵еģ
޵Уͬõͳɤ
˾Хһâȥʮ㳲Ϯֵǣ׼ѴԭѪϴɣ 



 
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ǧӿ̤ݣĻҳڲؼڴ˿һɱ֮
ɫͬһӿĺɫɳ۲ԭϡƮսڿԶսǺɫ˫߳еĸ
ӳһװһƥĴԣԳһ־͵ɱԶԶȥһȼյĻ档ںɫĺ֮УһŻԵøͻʮӳӳһĲΨһӳϽ졣ߴ͵ģһͬһĺ룬ԵΪֺֻһçôһĴ˼Ϊɣϻ͵Ԫѧϰ꣬һǿ׺书ΪĽƻ
ݣӳﲻһ㣬вԭеӰߵսҾ֮׼ȷĲ׽սһͻȻһ˵ĿʣǹһĨĮ顣û֪ʲôҲûܹ͸ġһҶ֪Ǿǵս֮ʱץһ֮ʱôǻһŭӰһ׺ݣͳӰ꣬ӳûܼһ벮ͲĽ֮С
˿̣ӳκεı飬ϴ߶µսＱ
нһƬտϿȵشԾΣɽ룬ƿһϿֻнðƥս缲ۣҲ˿ӵӳ˿Ҫ˻ϮߵɽƽҪƾӰǿս˲ռߵɽ塣˵˰ɣİܼĶԣȻͬӳһЧӳȴûпɣУɣһֻ֪ɱɱçĲ֮УΨһģֻкĶһ˶ѡıӳ˵ʲôҲû˻֪뷨
ͻȻ䣬һս˻ǰеǰʱЩңӶҲЩɢҡ
ǰ淢ʲô飡Ǿŵɧҽӳӳ˼оѣüͷ΢΢һ壬ߵױʵױҲ¶ãɫһսɳǰûжõʱ䣬ٴλصӳǰ΢΢Ƿ˵֪˭ǰĵ·һЩ壬ʮƥս̤֮Уеľ̻ˣ
¶һĨЦݣӳЦ˵ߣ˾Хʵ̫СˣΪҺͰǸһСС۷ֹҴнȥǰһӵʱ䣬Ұѵ·ȫһӺǱ赽ɽ
ǣױɳ۶ȥӳָֻƽľȻ֮ɫ̧ͷ˿еĽı۾

սٴαӿûΪǵ·ϵٵʱ䣬Ӱ۶ȥһĳ֮󣬵żʮƥѪģս֮ްĺۼͺʲô鶼ûзһ
ɫİӳӰɽӪկӳûаͨӪկķʽľΧеսﶼǾ͵ϢһֳһϢһ䡣һªӪ֮⣬еĽ춼¶ߡ
ùӳǼªӪ֮УһΣɽͼ˼ϰߣʲôʱһڴ֮УĿŵͼ˼һļƻ彫Դ˶ĲΪȻǵ뷨սӦݣôĽӳֻһ仰ʹ˱ͣѵ˵ҹôݺī

ͣú̿ڵͼϻӳüͷһ¶һĨصɫͣĵͷ
붼ཫУͻȻĺ
ױӦȥһᣬһһڶʮͷ߽˴ʡϸȥᷢüЩ붼ƣʵϣһĨȻЦ⡣һʣӳһ񣬡ӳҶʲô飿
ǰ⿡ʵ꣬ӳ¶һĨЦݣ࣬˵Σ˵ʱ򣬲㸸״ͬӣҸǺС󣬺ǺǣǵѪȻͬǵһ˵ţǵ򶼶˻֣ʾ߹
ҲЦˣߵӳǰЩܵĿӳߣ˵磬ʲô飿
ַڶļͷӳĸ¶һĨټ飬࣬Ҹղһֱ˼һ.
Ŷʲô飿¶һ˿޷İĽʵ
ЩɧšдɢΪҲ࣬ҼͻǵϢֲϵɧţƺ˾ХķǺֻǵоٶȣ࣬˵ʲôԭ򣿡ӳʵ
磬¶Ĺʣĵ˵
ӳ˵ͷüͷ˲һ𣬿ŵͼ˵࣬㷢ûУǴ˴ν·뷢нٶȲһ㿴ھΣɽֻвľ룬ǰЩӴϢຣɽΪ׵жΪǰʱнٶǴ˿֮жʮĲࡣǲɧţǵĿƺҪǽӡ룬סǵоٶȣǲǡ˵ţصĵڵͼϡ
Ļվŵͼþõͷ˵磬˵ĲЩɢﲻ϶ɧţǺĿֻǽǵоٶϻǵĿ󲢲ǣǴ˴·Ϊ
ĵͷӳ۾࣬ҵ뷨ıϡ˾Х۹׼ȷҪȳûԵȻͼıսܣôǴ˴·ļƻܵĴ·ʿƱܵӰ죡
磬ֻЩ̫ס·ͷϲࡣݳϢܺͲˣҴɢ£ҪԵ·²ô׵İɣЩԻĿӳ
ٺ٣࣬Ҹ㣬˴ǳʤ㲢һ·ȴûͳһ˧˵ǸΪսĿ˴֮ͬǳΪǰ˾ХǵӣߣǲһȺҪô˻һѡ¾ʿ˾Хп־壬ıͲʮȶоٶ֮Աȶ·죬һʱ֮ò˶ãǵʧ֮󣬾Ͳôˡ˵ս綫·˾ХͻϮ·¡ӳû˵ȥϵ֮ɫѾ˵ĵ뷨
磬ǻǸϿǰɣ
࣬ڵоٶѾļޡǽ˦໥ûаЭǰǾҪǹ¾ˡһֱûб¶ǵı⣬Ҳȷ¾֮󽫻ʲôĽӳͣһ£ű鿴Ŷ࣬࣬ǲҪΪСС˾Х첻Ǽƥ˴䣬Ѿ˾塣ʰɣһսս˵ΪıҲСӡ£һȺ򵥵꣬ҲѾ˵ĸһ֣峤ʵڹˡ࣬ס˴սܣ㾡òҪٹĲеһԤУҲһӲˡ
磬Ϊʲô˵ɥĻ··ˣǻѵܸǲ˵ıЩ̼˵Ҳ¶֮ɫ
§ڻУӳһ̾࣬ǵֹϵ³òˡ˴γ֮ǰѾʾҪ뿪ӰʵҲ֪Ȼమȴ׿Խܵġң㲻ҪΪ˶һʤʱһս۲ͿԽءӳԵøƽ˵
磡
࣬סҵĻǴ˴ʧܣһҪòıȨӳһҲò˶þͻһңԸʵֱ̫ҵᱻС
Ծſͣðѹ˵磬˵ǲǡ
˭Ҳû˵ӳ˶Ļɫ˵࣬ԶҪ˵ԼĻдѵģ
˵ͷӳЦˣĽ§˻С
һһ顭
ͻȻ䣬һʣӳͶæֿʱױ˴ʣ˵ͻȻ֮ƺ˶ǷϮǺڰȴ٣
΢΢һɹӳ˵ʲôþŵģߣֲǵһһˣȥ͵ϢҵҪʲô
ױٴδȥ΢ɧ֮˲䲻ָƽҹֻĽصϢ
磬ѽһɫ˷Ƶǰ˵
Ƶ˵ͷʾֹͣվڴУԶӰӪأɵðԵͷһ·ͣĶһ֧⺷ɧţƺȴûаôԷ˿Լɧţһ·쮲ͣ΢΢ҡҡͷߵ˵ʮ˵ܣӳѽ
磬ô˵ƳΪʮ˵ܵ꣬ǶʮеĿľɽֻķһ±ߴ󹭣ʵ
ƺѾǵĿģһ·ɧţʼղΪоٶһֱʮֲѽ˵ţһָԶӰӪ㿴ǵӪʽڲͬʱȴɱνգһбµˣ
ɽ˵ͷ磬ô죿
˾ӦҲǺղܷ·ϮҲ˵һҪӰסһǺ·ϣô˾罫Ҫٸܵеľɽǵʱˣ
磬˼ǣɽƺЩ˷ƵĻ˵
˵ͷǲӰǰ벽罫ʮΣաԣһҪӰﵲϣҪһʱ䣡ǵоٶȣп˾ǻûгս֮ʱ͡ϴ֮ɫ˵
磬ˣɽصĵ˵ͷ
ͷ˼Σƻ̧ͷʮ˵ܣ̴һǧڵĺ֣ǰĹСס򲻿¶ټӰﵽ֮󣬷ŹǵǰԻϮǵĺҪһ֮ڽȫȼǵĺ·һ̳룬ڸԴԭ˾ǻϡ
磬أɽŷƣʵ
ң¶һĨЦ⣬ǧڹСϽӰ
磡ɽƺ˷ƻеĺ⣬ʧĽе
ָڴߣʾŵͣɽʮƽ͵Цˣʮ˵ܣġ̫ɽԻߣڸԴԭϵģ
һ˿ˮںڰûע⵽ɽ˵ͷǺã磬ǰС㻹ʲôԸ𣿡
ҡҡͷٴνָߣǺǣһҪӰ޹˵ʲôҲ˯Ϻþ˵ţٴ¶һĨ٥Цݡ 
СλԶʮĵط߳۵ǾΣɽڡɽ֮УһϿȣںӴϿֱƵسˮϢںԭĹСνСʵǨƶ̤һԭϳԴԭıؾ֮·˳С·ΪС
ԭϱĹںɽиĵעسˮڽϿ֮ȻխȴֻǿϿĴɽ¡ںӵĶɶʯɽɽСȻϿ֮УȴˮвݣľڸǣʮֱϢԭǰԭǶΪһС·һȴûһΪԭ֮һҪıҪ
컹ûӳʹ߶ӰСҹĽÿһʱͻһΣʹеʿûеõܺõϢӳϿսʱ۾ҲǴźȦӳŭ쳣вɵöʵɧսĽЩҧгݡﶫ룬ççԭҲûκεϰгգڣԷʹɧţҲûлˡ뵽ﵹǾðο࣬Ͼս鱾ƽھǿ˭ԺãӳָоҪˣ
ɽнٶȽ˲٣ӳĴ߶ʮǰĹСǶԷһԶԼĵطС쳣ǰٶڲ֮л
ǰǹСʱֵʱһֽбͷҲЩˡһױӳǰǷӳ
ͷ΢΢һ֪ΪʲôӳЩţϿ֮ǰ۾˿ϿȣЩԥ
ҪҪ̳ȥһǧӳǰʵ
ҡҡͷӳͻȻ࣬һǧѸٳСɽ֮㷢ұ棡
ĶӳĻԥǰԱǧ˵ǣҳ壡δ䣬һǧ˻ֹڶһͷĹС
ӳ֮ɶǰ棬ǵģһϿ֮ôԼʱϾԮʱϾüǵ˷Ź˶࣬Լ֮йƾ趼һǧسöԷβܼˡȻӳ˶࣬ڹ˿ûаɽ
һǧХӹϿڻصųصӳе̤һġ
ϿмžԶȥʧ˵Ķʧĵȴţӳȵϣûаı顣ڲ֪˺ˮľһֱţ
ʱȥˣϿȵһûһϢӳЩ޷ȥ㱲ʱͻȻһĳ
ѾͨϿˣһױĺӳĳһҪʾнתһ룬ͣתǧ˵̴Ͽûʲôͷ֪ͨ
ǣǧһ³Ͽȶˣ˴ԼǰʱϿһĳХٴƿն𡭡
ȫȫͨСвԥӳȵĺٴ̤ʯСϣصֹһȳ֮ǰӳϿ֮зɳۣǰСһƺû˾ͷ
ڣǰһ˿⣬ӳһг޻˦Ҫ٣ϿߵĶһĲҽ಻ս˻ҲȥӳǡÿϿȵĶʬսص֮УʱһģѪ⡭
ţϿȵβˣХ䣬Ļ˲佫ϿȷĹľʯҲڴ˿ͬķ£ӳвɵô󾪣
ӳȻЩ죬ȴ˿ң֮ĺȵӰȫȿڳС
Ҿ֮УӳĴÿһ˵ĶУͻϮ˵ӰٴηͬһڵĳѸȿϮ
¡һ죬һ鼸ǧľʯȻӳκͬŭһڿһתԼİǴĳ˻
ţʯ䣬˲佫Ͽȵĳڷһʵȵӳڴ˹ʱˣһʵ֮𣬶ɽ֮Ϻɫӿ˲佫Ψһĳķס
ӳƽ糣гâҵʿʱ¡𼦶֮ϣȵʸΣɧն
ѪϿеӰ˲䰲գ۵ĹɳһʸΣͷָһӺɫסϿȳڡ
˫˸ĹâӳĿԶսϵķơȻԶȻԸܵһֺĵ𡣷ƱӳĲɵðԴһսЦ糣˵ӳڼˣ
˭ӳĿŷƣͻȻЩЦݵŮǧȴԼ˵ݵݺӳòе
ħ¶ʮޣľƣЦݣƳشԶԶĴϿлصϢ
ӳ˵ͷãҼסˣ˵꣬һӣȵɣҳ壡ӳһȣӰź˲˻ɽ֮ϵķˡ
ȻѸ˱ľģǵıһԼӰвɵûһ
Ҳû뵽ӳ˵ʹû˿ԤףڵģҲɵøеЩ𾪣
ʾʱҪţ𾪵Ŀɽ·ɳ۶Ӱ˲ָ侲ϵЦⲻ˫Ŀ˫֮ľ룬еĺâϵۡ
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һٲӳͻȻеЩʵڲ²͸ΪηƻһЦ⣬ľٲȻѾǶԷǿ֮ڣΪβԷĶѵ
ֹͣӳͻȻȵȫٷɳ۵Ӱﱻӳһ㶣Ȼʲôԭ򣬵ͣ¡ȫٷɳ۵սô׾ͣ£ʱǰսͣסǺսԲֹײǰ棬һʱʸγһҡ
ǹƿžԼʮӰ¶һĨЦ⣬ж̶̵³֡һǧʿ˲ȡ֧ǹǧǹ˽ľںХɳʱϿ֮ǹӰյĽڡЩҵӰﱻƴķǹͻϮʱӻҡ
ǧʿ˾ХΪѡʿÿһ˫۶пʮʯǿǹڿлһĻߣӰСԭǰʿ͵ǹϮ˲ǹڱֵѪ֮У˴ͬһ㵹Ѫ֮С
ż׷ɣڡˡһ֮У˲䱻ڸ
ս˻ϵʿǿ䷭£б˲̤ȳһѪ⡣һֱȴľǶԷһͣʿǹ֮ˣͨĹ޷ԶԷ̫вǹϮ֮£ȴ⡣ڶģӳҡһغУʤˣ
Ӱ糱ˮ£ɽϵ˵ʬ塭
ӳŷǵЦݣͻȻЦˣ
ƣ𣿿Ѿ׼ˣӳЦӰ˲ָԭΣӳ˿ŤͷԷ˵СӣΪеЩܹס͵𣿡
ҲЦˣŤͷ˿ʿ˵ߵĻü
սȼҼ԰ԭ裬ΪΣʥɽ棬ڣƽս𣬸Ӣ꣬Ҽ԰干棬ƽͬʱǧʿͬϿƮɢصϢǱ׳ĸƺ˵һ޾ıĺȾģ
ŤͷƿӳӳҵĻش𣡡
˼֮裡һĨ׳ĸ飬ӳ̶ݣӰҲɵ΢΢ɫӳŷִŵЦӣͻȻϽеĳǰַǰһþò𡭡
ӰＸͬһʱ䣬ҲеǰɽϷ΢΢Ƿڱߵľ⣬ڿЧʿǴǵ𾴵ġ
ǸʿƣϧǵˣһҪúõĺһ̾ƣӳɫׯصĿŷƣ˵ղʤһغϣ汾ĵҪ׼ˣ
΢΢һЦЦǰ泤ĳڿһӣӳӰɣ
ٴοһ۷ƣӳûٶ˵ʲôһڣ˲ӿʸֱȱڡ
һɲǣڿն׿֮ϣڿһڣ׷ɡ
һΣӰû̫ˣ˲ɽϾһһʱϿںɱ죬ײڶս˻㷭ɣĺâ˸ֹϿ֮ггһɱ
ʿСĿռ䣬;տĹ򣬺ӰݡӰһСɽºѷӳԼǿ͵ĳȻڶֲܷ࣬ĽǰʿʿͬǱԲԭڵս໥֮䲻ҪʲôϣԸ
ӳüͷһǰľЩȻҲ֪Լʿԭ򣬵˲ݣʵڡ
ûж۾ĶԶͬϵķơ˿̷ǰʮﵹѪ֮УվϣԶӳսӿ˸˵ɱһƬЦݡ
һʱ˫˲أʬɽ£սĴɱӳŻĲ£жɽ֮ǽǧҵʿ̾ѡȻԷ˼ȴԼ˼ΪشۣǧСɽ֮ϣԷ˿ûаȴԼĹС֮ϡ
΢΢üͷӳһҪԳѾһȺеǿλܽնɱô
һӣӳҪʱɽٴδһ׵ӳһѵԷԮ
ȴ֪ʱ򣬷е˿˭ǰǵ˻ѣ 



 
 һ ħХ ڶʮһ

һĺӷƵӳСˣһԷϮΪһǷųСĶࡣԭǳС󣬷ʱĵ·ͻȻ䱻ʶתɽһ·嵽˷Ƶ󡭡
ӳдϲӶг𣬴һǣҳ壡
ĺȣӰȻ쮶ٴƵ˷˿ҰĹ
ܵУɫ䣬û뵽ᴩ嵽ԼɫЩ࣬ûаԥź͵ӳ˶ȥ֪һսԼûаʤ㣬ֻҪܹסӳôͿԶΪ˾ХȡһЩʱ䡭
ʿԶֳ˰ˣضǧͬʱʣµ˼ӰﵲڹС֮СȻʿѾűģǱϾϻ࣬ӳͶ˵ָ£˴εӰ﹥ԹܣԳнڣ
磬ˣͻȻбɱһ֧ңΪ׵һˣʮ߰꣬һ߾޹ʸХӲǧﵲڷƵ˵
ɽôһӳˣӰдϢţĺȵ
ɽ¶˺Цݣû̻شƣ֮ڿն㹭ң֮״ֻһ죬Ҷȥڿ仯ִ̽ȡ֧ھ޹֮ϣε䣬죬ƿնȥɽ֮󣬷䶼ࡣ
ɽĹһ಻˿ĵдǹȻ伱ٵķͣӭɽĹһ̳ǹڿ仯ȻһǹӰɲɽĵᣡʱɽѾһ΢΢һһ΢죬Թݺݵ򶼶ࡣ
౻ɽĹƵЩæң屻뿪ǹȻһأǹһסɽľ޹ڴǹ;޹ײ֮ʱɽеľ޹ͻȻ䵯𣬹ҵһѳ޹ڿл裬˶ࡣ
ѾްĻأɫ࣬ڿкǹ˳ɽĹһ⣬৵һĹҴӶ߻һϸѪȻڶӢ֮ϡ
ɽž޹ʹǹײ֮󵹷ɶȥڿдһͷȵϣеľ޹֪ʱѾָԭװ磬ֵܣ֪վôʲôֵܣɽĺ
һɲǣѾˣ˿ɽ˵ڿлɵĻĺ·ͻȻһǿȻľȻҰӿ
ƣƴĺĺƳľʱŷӳ;ǿҰԼӿͷɵһ󵶺Ȼֱǿڿɲʱ㣬ǿзУڵӰﱻǷ˲֫⣬ڱֵѪ˿ûκεϢֻսǰ˻֮
һ֮ӳɫļΡ棬ɫɷףһĨѪȻ¡
ֵǣǼʶһʲôʿͻȻվɫȻɷףȫȴ͸һֲҵɱһȣѾӰ﹥ЩʿͻȻһбӺҵնɱЩѾսȫ˺۵ʿǷ˳ִƷڵأƾԼϱһѪ⣬˫֣ݣְ¡
Ҳʱ򣬸ɽǰʿͻȻֳһСڵӰ˻һɽĴ£ĵס˶Ϊ׵
ɱУںˮзźɫѪĭӿȥ
е˶ɱۣÿһһ̶ľˣʿǺηĹһǿƵӰЩ־ˡ˵ԭʿսг󣬵ȴûˡսʿ˿ûаķȫ㿴һҲҪһǹʮȫմѪ͵Ĳɱƴ˿̸ȫѪͬһͷ転һȺƥ֮һĨ޷׽飬泤սѾ
ӳһ澪̾ǿ͵Ķ־еŭȴȼգһûоκѵɢȴʼ޷СȻԷ˲أǴǵУӳս⡣ӳҲе־ˣûмսʿƺԶҲ֪ʲôʹʲôƣ
еĽ£ɽеĺɱ𽥵ʧʿǵѪ֮УҲûһܹվǵµǰȴӰ
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磬ǵ˶ˣɽǻ¶һĨĵЦݡƿɽ򻺻ԼƽӰ￴һۣٴ¶һĨЦݣɽ𣿡˵
۾ɵͬͭһ㣬ɽͻȻЦúܿģ磬ΪʲôҪڣҲһͼũū˾罫Ҵ˵оһңһȺֵܡǺǣһĵӣܹΪ˾սܹʹһ𣬻ôֵţʲôźģ
ЦˣвƵĳȻָƽӰһǿɱȻ䷢ӰǰĲͻȻһ٣
ʿҾǣͶϵӳǰд𾴵ĹʣʾӰͣ½Ų˵еıһǻȥ
û뵽ЦøӲˣǺǣû뵽ӳһ廹ӳӳϹۣǵһξôûʤ㣬Ǻǣһбµˣ˵ţ˴ĴָŷɫȻüΪ࣬ǣ㵱֪Ҵڻ˴һ仰ֻվ޹ղŵһ仰Ƕҵ裡
ӳһ㶣ĿŷƣٴξеĳԼǰ
ǺǣӳҪΪʤˣʵѾˣҽĿľ㡣˵ţ̧ͷ˿Ѿɽֲк죬ЦˣĸʱǺǣҴ罫Ҫ·ܹǴ˴·ضʧܶգǺǣӳѾԮˣ˵꣬Ѿ޷վɽʵֵܣ㺦𣿡
ЦҡҡͷɽһִδйĹԣ磬һ̣ҲҪǷ²
⣬ֽɽ𣬡ֵܣһ𣡡˵ţֽɽڱϣϵĺԼһ̧ͷЦŶӳ˵ӳҪ̤ŹСôʹǵ̤ȥɣ˵ţʵǰ̤һ
ӳסˣŷƣþû˵ð죬ӰȵҵʿǣΪʿУж
৵ĽӰϹһ񡭡
սȼҼ԰ԭ裬ΪΣʥɽ棬ڣƽս𣬸Ӣ꣬Ҽ԰干棬ƽƵɽҲĸƵĺš
ǲԾĸУӿӰ﷢Ĺ
еĳڿгֳ࣬Բתתһĵâڷǰֹ磬ѽǷΪ趯ģ廢նͻȻĴЦ

˾ХͻȻеһĪĲ֪Ϊʲôһֱĵĸ˲ӿͷ岻ɵ΢΢һ
磬ôˣо˾ХĲһԵĳӥʵ
˾Хûлش̧ͷңԶʿȥĨڲкϦһ
ͻȻ⣬ƣɽХеĺţƺѾ֪ʲô
磬ʲʲôĿʲôʱܵѽһڵϵ̧̫ͷ˾Х죬ʵ˾ХδţĿʡ
̫һ㶣ҪڼѯʣһԵĳӥѾеЩԣæֵסʾҪٿ˵
Ļع˾Х쿴̫֣ʵ֣ղ˵ʲô
ûеȷֿڣӥæ˵磬ѾˣĿȴʼûг֡ҪҪɳȥ̽һ£
ҡҡͷХջһ۳ӥת͸֣ܵɽһ޼ʵĲԭȥð˵ˣؽܹԴ̽ʲôġٽҹʱĿһﵽԴԭģңɢﶼѾ׼ãǲνжԷǵĿ걩¶
ӥ˵ͷû˵˳ХĿԶ˿ڸԴԭϷԭΪŢһأԴԭ˵ԴԭԭԭֵأǺս･ĻˣΪЩȥʿǬŴˮûʹõ·Ţޱȣߡ
磬ƴΪʲôϢһֱĬ̫̲סʵ
ӥﲻɵһһֱ÷ֿ˵Ǻ·˵ʲôӦ˵Ļʵ˶֪˾Хκ˶ҪƣǴսΪһͳ˧ǲܹĵġе˶֪ƴȥӳһ׶༪٣Ȼÿһ˶˵ǲв
ԣе˶˾ХǰƵ֣ΪǺХ˶еǡȻֵĻһڣХ׳ڲһûпڣɿɽµĸԴԭĬ
ݺݵĵһ۷֣ӥ޲ð͸ִ˿ҲеԼ˵˻ɵҲ¶ŵ顭
ڲԭһĵϤޱȡ˴ֻǰȥӶ֣ҪͶĳͻ߻ó͵Ϯɽ棬ģХͻȻתЦ˵Ҳǽսƺɽͻǵǰ֡ԣһҪһս򲻿Сǣ
˵꣬ХٴתңԶĲԭͷȥڵĺȣƣӦңһҪģ
ҹɫ˸ԴԭХվɽͷ֮ϡҹɫ֮£һڽ˸ɭĹâϲ֪ںʱѾǸɲڽߣվһͷɢƮּ̬֮ͬںվһʯ񡣸ߴ͸ޱߵϣɢһּɱ
ƾߣ۾ԵʮֵСꪵߣ¹ҫ£һһ˸ɱ
磬ĿѾڸԴԭפйǧһǧҹУһͬҹһӰڿйķƮȻ˾ХıĤչʱɣֻһͬԳһģʹںҹ֮иϢǶʮಢħ˫۵ؽܹˡһ˫һĳĶ죬ؽܹ˹Ĺ˾Хߡ
ûؽܹ˵˾Хã̧ͷ˿нڵ£ȵӥ̫֣ؽܹˣţһҶǰĿӪսǵ֮ؽܹ˿֮ܶʮɢɢ״ԺĿΪսӥ̫ڰۿƳХ̴ǧҺɱս֮볲ӥҪٸɣ
ͬʱӦӥЩĵĿ˿˾Х죬磬һ˶ǧǲǡ˾ХͻȻЦԴԭ鲼壬ҹ֮Աкֻǲս˵ţһʾⳲӥҪٶ˵Ǹ׼վһ
ҹƽĽĹڵХ쳤һֽ̽ߵꪰγƵıϣٴ̧ͷһһֵ£ԱૣƣˣҹʢΪ裬úͰɣ˵ţ췢һĳХХ˺ҹյԶԶĴХͬ嫵ĴĮ籩ͬӿþòϢ
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ХһѴ˺ĿӪ֮УʱӪ֮ͬը˹һ㣬սҲܿƣһƥƥֵĹڵ֮ϣֹƾӪеȣҲûаķӦѽĺĿʿǱǹ쳤Х׵ѣӴ𣬼æҼףӪʡ
ХͻȻֹϢžĺҹֻ׵صǳһ̤ͬ˵ͷ˶ԵЩʧ롣
͵Ϯ֮лɱӪ⣡һֲ̿ͻȻҹлصʿηѣæִ˸ջָƽսϣգ֮Ӫء
յĸԴԭûаϢһͻȻֹϢĵûа졣ײӪأȴԼ֪ӦεĹӪ֮һƬڣûаϢֻеĻ̵ȼšּϢе˸еޱȵĿ־塭
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һߴӰһͷëɫ֮ϣǺǺҹף̤ҹɫϢкںǰʹоųߣǿ׳ĺһһڽףһսߵꪣڽɲ߽׸ǣκεı飬һͷɫɢɢڼϣҹ紵ڻҫ£һһĺĺҹһ𡣾վھӪʮ֮⣬㣬òȴ͸¶һԵƣƽ֣ĿеһΡľ봣ǰؼ䣬е˸еĪѹʹ޷ϢҪڵĤݣ
ħ񣡡Ӫ֮ͻȻٴαĺ֮һ˻гһݵɧҡǺ֮ʱΡĴɽͻȻƶˣһĨһĲ׽ǿľ˾ХһȻ䷢ǿ͵ɱ֮СһĲҽк쳹ص˻֮УѪ֣˾Х쵥趯ꪣڶԷӪͻꪴǿ͵ݺᣬշ裬׵ʿڿбǿը˲ķѣγѪ֮УǷɽѪ˸еһݵ𺳡
Χһĺҹлصָ򾲣Ĭսͼ˾ХأǺܿǷһжԵͽͣƾǺҹ֮еףƶǳٶ޷šһһݺᣬ׷ХĲӰ
𣡡һĳ˻ͻȻ䷢һĺУǺڻı仯Ȼ䱩һ̤࣬ȣͷϵĶ³棬ͬ泤ǹһ㣬ڿз裬Ϣ
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ꪻǰڵأ˾ХͻȻ佫ݺݵһ壬Ȼ΢΢һХһ֮ڿնͬһԾ֮ħһ㣬ҹ֮У˫յһսֱֱ£һǿĵȻն˰սгȥ׻޷ǿĵں¡¡еڵ֮ǰȻһεĴսһΪ
һֱӥһڿһ˾Хȵڷ˻ĺƱϣս֪ںʱѾʣֽ̽ߵꪰ𣬺գ֮սʮ֮ͣ¡
һвǷգ֮飬ѾѪ֮У״ޱȡѪڻҫ£ԹաѾָ˳̬һһվ˾Хǳصĺţ
ֵǣˣͻȻ˸ʱͬעһ֧ǿһ㣬սǣɱ˾Х죬ǧ𣡡

֮±·Ǹ߿Ľ֮£ʱ˾ͻ˾ХȻ
˿Լƽ˾ХǱֵף˿ûаУһߺƣһ˻ҹб۶ȥ
׷˾Хݣʱ˾ǽţţХ׷ȥ
Ʋǰţ׳֫ںҹķһһ㣬ҹɫΪһ塣ӿɱ졣
Խ׷Խ˫ľѾƾʱͻȻӿٶȣǳ˵ٶٴչ֣̤֫ȣҹɫ֮Ȼڿնٴı仯ڿƯ
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˾Х۹ĿҳһŵһĨĹâֹͻȻһϢƵͻȻ䱩ǲֹſһ޺УһֱĻԿغȻһ죬ĽѾҲս֮ըʱл죬ԭһƬ̲֮зḻĺͣܺӰ죬ʱȼǧʱһƬ֮У
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նХĿзһӰڿлңӦХǱ䣬еȻɢ˻ڻ
䣭ǿľڻը߶ʱٴαǣ֮䣡ڵ֫ཬڿɢӷУ״ޱȣ
Զԭ֮ϣ𣬺ɱ죬ںĿӪط򣬻ƺ̶еĻңӦԵ׳ޱȡĿһ½ʧȥϢ˾ХһĺƣƷһ쳹صĺ֮˲鸡ʮɣڻ𳡵ıԵٴλظ̬߲ͫڻҫ£˸ĹâС
ƣȥһսɣ˾Х쿴ǰֱʮɵĳ棬¶һĨɭĺâ˵
Ƴ˻һתԶȥ
׻һһ괺£սĿڸԴԭĿҲսһҹ֮仯ΪСħ˾Хٴչ־˲ܣɢסӳͻٶȣøԴԭε˶սĿǧǧʱʧ٣ԴԭǴڸԴԭ֮ȼһʮ꣬˳֮ΪԴʥȻʥѾϨ𣬵ǧǰݣԭǰ˵հħɡ
һս˾Хħ֮쳹ԭһǰδеķ籩ԴʥȼգѸԭӡ
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ǰյӪկӳŭգյļо˵˾Σɽ֮ʱȴǰʲôûУֻмª
ӳŭĴһӳĴ˳ӳ󣬹һӳǰһƬյӪأתӳӳΪµ
ӳ˵ͷû˵
һկʲôûУҪ˾Х죬ҪǸľҪĶʮޣһկӳĺӳɫԵЩѿһӳ˵峤ĩ֮ҹ̣Ǹϵ֮ʱǰĹ⾰ûһˡ˾ΣɽС
Ϊβ׷ӳӳĻ˵ӳ¶һĨײЦ峤ӰﾡóҰսǵ˽ΣɽУƾʧǵβ죬ĩ׷УӰСһսأǧʿСðȻ׷Ʊء
ҴӰһȺɢ´ûаĻ֮ӳٴδӳĻŭĺһ֮ûеų򣬻˵ĿﱻϮ㾹ȻȥԮĿŶݶȥ֪־ͶΣɽУȴͣͲǰ˵ʲôʿ㣬㣬ֱĳ裡
ӳһ仰ʱӳɫ䣬˫ƺҪ棬ݺݵĵӳ
峤ҲӳһֱĬĶʱ򲻵ò˵֪ӳһ仰Ѿص˺ӳģЩӰ֮еĻôƱػһɧҡԼųôʹһеֶҲᱨΪǼ裡黺߳ӳߣ˵峤СƱʮֹŹ֣һ«ھں«Ŀϡӳȫ˶֣ɱ˶ͷĿȴֻʧǧѾһ漣ˡóս뿪սôʧȥ˫ȣȺɽ֮иûаƣοǲֵ֪ʵΪӳްĹ
һĨâӳ۹Ŀһ۶飬˺þãͻȻЦѵ˵ҴˣӳͻƹСʵϿԳԮĿȴû˿ĶһƬ֮еǰĿźĿȫûѵд𣿡
峤ҲԸԮӳֹ˶˵мĿһ۶飬˵Ŀһҹ֮䱻˾ХҹԮҲûаô˾Хػ𣬸ʹҾЩң˵ҾļоЩƣǵ˸ԴԭҲᱻֻ˾Хǧ˾Х챾˸ΪǸԴʹһɫʣټϴ߾ʿܵеĹУðȻǲǷɶ˻ȡˣ
ӳǲĻӳиŭ֣ӳôĵӣȻҾп޵ˣҾģĵնˣȥն
峤򲻿ɣһβǶֹһֱĬı̨Ҳ˵峤Ҿ°ܣն󽫣Ҿĸǲ峤˼
һӳĿӳ˵ӳҲɱ㣬һɽΪ顣ģǻȴˡȥӰ֮λΪٻӰ̨¡ˣӳȥʮ
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˭ҶңӳһɱȻǼ裬ʱɲס˽ŲӳĿһӳ˵ҪңԻǰȥ𷣡峤ȴһ䣬²졣˴γֻǵӳһ˾ХҲΣ·κЭ·ѾˣЩ紵ݶô·Ҳҡ·ҡƱҾĲȡ峤֮ƻǾ˱˾Х콩֣Ҿްĺô˵ţٲҪȥ
㡭ӳӳǿ̬ȼŭĺӳ̫ˣȻˡ
峤ӳһ仰ӳͻȻͣ½ŲŤͷӳ˵Σɽƶ񤣬ްݿȡ˾ХһգҾıȻңǸʱ˱¾Ͳô򵥵ˣ˵꣬ͷҲصȥ
ӳӳȥıӰĺð˵ӳҪ񣬵˾ХͷҶҪúõʣ
ʱͱ̨໥һۣϲɵ¶֮ɫĬһ£̨˵峤ӳĻȻ񣬵ȴЩҾΪҪǲǡ
ѵҲΪ峤ˣӳŤĿų̋
ĩңĩֻΪӳȥӰְ޷ʮҲ޷ӰðȻĩĩºѽǿơʮȻӰǰݣһû峤ǰ£ҲȷǺǣʱ峤˾ХͷҲһ٣ˣǸą̃С˵
ĩΪ̨ԼǣһԵĶҲǰ˵
ĵ˵ͷӳƽϢŭų̋Ͷ飬Ц˵λԼǣǺǣȻˣô飬ͰȥһʵǲٿǸһˣ
鹪Ӧȥӳͱ̨ڿտӪկ߶вɵǧ˼
ǻΪ˾Хеգ̨Թɫʵ
ӳ˵ͷ̾һ̨һУΨ˼ӳ˵Ȼֱףȴ޵ΣɽУɽ·֮ϣѷƣ˾Х챾ڲԭεȻٹ죬Ҫ׽¡̨˱ȥӳһްˣ
̨תţͻȻһЦ򵥡ǺǣҪӵ˱Ҳûпܣ
Ŷ˻ӳ˾ų̋ĵȴ̨˵ȥ̨ǺǵһЦ֪˾ХʮûȫΣɽһЩ䲻ԸɽھΣɽǽą̇̄û˵ȥЦšӳʱ˼ɵúǺǵЦţ̨˼ãǺǣǾͽЩ䡭˵һɱơ
̨ĵͷ峤ǣ
ţããӳ¶һĨɱЦ˵Щǹ˳˾ХĲ䣬˵Ҳ档ɱǣҲûκε⡣˾ХϢԮĻôƱ䣬ǿԮǫ̂Ȼüı˵ţӳɵÿЦ
̨ҲһЦţ¶һĨЦݡ
ǫ̂¾죬ҵЩ񣬲ҪŹһӳ˵
ĩȥ̨ӦתȥտӪأӳͻȻЩĬð죬̧ͷ̾˾Х죬ǲѽٺ٣ôҸһҪɱ

ʱ֣ӳڴ֮Уſţ⡣ߵҾƣһǻζеһĪ泩
峤ˣӳζ֮ʱһױ˴ʣһһߵӳüͷ΢΢һ壬һץߵޣױ鵹ڵأݺݵ˵ʲôˣŻŵĳɺͳ峤Ǻúõ𣿡
ʹױ£˵峤·ˣ
ʲôӳ΢΢һһѽױĺȵ·ʲô飿
峤ղŶ·ǰ˵ͻȻຣɽñֱຣɽնɣţٸˣҪϷຣɽ·Ѿ̤ϻس̵ĵ·ˣױ˵
ʲôʹأӳŭĺ
ʹ˵֮󣬾뿪ˣûӪеĽʿǶ̸۴£Ҳ
쵰ӳһѽױˤڵأвͣ߶ױڵϣ˿ҷ졭
ð죬ӳȶһ½ױ˵붼ͱ̨ǰױæӦһСܵĳʡ
һǵ߽˴ʣҲŽ֮ɫһʾ̴˵峤նɣĸث֣
ӳɫŶ飬ʵҲϢˣ
˵ͷ峤ڴӪ֮е۴£Щ˾Ȼʼǻس̡ѾǴͷļ˾͵նɱʿ࣡
ӳ۾е̫Ѩڲͣð죬˵ܺá·ֻʣһ··ܣ·ߣӦأ
һ˵峤ΪǲˣļΪȣǻǾ뿪ٴȥ޷ҵ˾Х٣ò˶ãǵʿǽްĶ־
ӳ¶һĨʹ֮ɫڴ֮Եԥ
Ϊ֮ʱ̨һ糾߽˴֮УĶӳ˵峤ôż֪ʲô飿
̨ѵ㻹֪
̨ԵЩһ۶飬Ȼ˵峤̨峤֮ΣɽһջشӪ˵峤ңԲ֪ʲô飡
ӳԵЩƣ۶飬飬̨߱ɣ
˵ͷɻı̨˵̨·ֻʣһ··ĺնɣյ棬ͻȻຣɽ·ѾرԮ
ʲǫ̂ҲԵøĳԾô˵飿ôͻȻຣɽӳ̧ͷΪŭŤĸֲȻܵ˲ָʹຣɽͼŮ
ǲ˲Ѿ˵Ů𣿡ͻȻ˵
̨Ц˵̫ϵˣǲľǲ˵ıŮʱڻ˴˵ȲѡҲûвֲľ飬ຣɽҲǹҲΥԡٺ٣Ͳһǿ׳˵ͻȻʲô˼
һȻģݺݵһţû˵ʲô
̨˵ӦΣӳ̧ͷų̋ʵ̨һ룬С˵峤˾Хεڲԭ潻棬ΪϿǣ󶼽ΣɽǵǾǿҲ˿ûаʤ㣬Ǵ˿˱ã
˱ӳվ˵
峤Ҫżѽ̨ѾΪҵҪĶǺǣ̨¶һĨЦǺǵ˵
ŶѾҵˣӳɵһ˿ûɻĶ飬ʵ
̨Цŵͷ峤ЩȻͣھΣɽǺǣĩֻЩˮݷï֮أһĸ䣬ǧˣ
ą̃ĺãӳЦֹ߶ͻȻͣ½ŲתԱ̨ͶЦ˵峤˱Ѿ뵽˾ХǾս
Ŷʲô취̨Ͷæʵ
ӳЦ¶ŨŨɱ 
Ŀǰ˾ХɫԵЩǴӹСǱӦøŷһֻı۾˾Х¶Ϊʹ飬ǿֲ˰ĳ鶯žûһʱ򿪿˵ʱսʤĿʱĻѾһɨ⣬ÿһ˶ףĹʲô壡
ƣ˾ХͻȻ췢һĳХеĹصڲ֮С
磡ĳӥܵ˾Хǿҵæе
Ļع˾Х۹ɨÿһʿ۹ʿɨʱÿһʿɵýظͦ𡭡
Ĭ˾Х۹ԵЩãվңԶĹСȥãͻȻϥϥ¡Ľʿͬһʱ̣Ҳ˾Хι¡ͬݣֻ˾ХǴޱȱʹڿл죺ΪȥķƣɽսʿΪңҵʿң˾Х죬ǬŴģʹеʹѪǵĲԭȾ죬Ҫԭһеսÿһˣÿһ˶һûս֮СǳԵڿлصϢÿһʿһж¶һϣĹʡǿŻվ˾Х죬׳һɽһ㣬ѪĲ֮Сò֪˭ȺһűһĺħХ죡ħХ죡
ңʮ޽ӥҵǬŴģҽһħԶħߣʹϣʹѪҲˣ˵ĺУӥϥߣ˾Хǰɫׯص˾Х˵˵գӣ˾ХĽǰ˾Хĳѥ
ڳӥ̫֣֮ŵһ޽һ˾Хǰׯϵģĳѥ˾Хûаֵı飬վԭأ۹Сȥۿ⡭
ڣ˾Хָյƽʾʿ͵Լʮʮ޽յ֮Се˶Եʮֵĳƣھ˶ݵļ֮ʧȥֵܵıٴ˵ͷͻȻ䣬˾Хͣ˽ŲָűһҵѪ֮ɫһ޼ʵĲԭ˵ǰƺھΣɽָǰĲԭңǷҪΪԭǿ֪ôش𣿡
ڽû˽ӿڣǾĿ˾Х졣ХҲûлͷ˵ʱҸ߷ƣҲҪΪʲôֻϣܹÿһһҡ֮ʮʧҲʲôʱΪҵȥһеĵХ˵һ˵ĻôҲҪҵΣҶҪΪԭҲҪҵֵʧ
Х˵ţתľɵһ㶡ʮʮ޽֪ʲôʱ˾ХЦˣ֣ʾվû˵ʲôֻĬĬĿǡһԵĽͨǵ۾ڽţ˾ХͻȻЦָŲԭ˵Ĳԭѽ

Զһɳ۶ؽܹ˷ɳ۵Хǰǰ΢΢һ㶣æߵ˾Хǰ˵磬缱
Хͳ˵
ӳ±ΣɽΧľɩӵ˶ھΣɽͬʱ򻧱̨˾ΣɽΧûиΣɽİ˾ŸϤӳûӳھΣɽƣ粻ôǽÿɱˣؽܹ˵˵
øɥĲӳؽܹ˵ĻﴫХڽĶУֱ̫ŭĺվ˾Х˵磬һֱĽӳһɱΣɽ⣡
磬սҲվ˵
˾Х첢ûǣһֺ̫ͺܣű۾ã˵ǰҶҪرǷΪ˱֤ǵʤϢΪӰǰĽŲףһ죬ǿǻ֮⣬Ҫ֪ʲôʱӦȡᡣףҲףҾ÷ǰװ׵ȥ
磡̫˾ХĻĺ
֣ס죡һֱĬĳӥֵֹ̫ĻĿХ죬һĨ羴֮ɫŤ̫˵⣬ǲҪҲ廰
ǡ̫ƺ˵ǳӥһ۾ѵǸղŶԴ𣿡
ֿ̫˿ӥյһţȥܿ˿ϻŰɫķֺɫ˾Х죬룬Ҳ
˾Х쿴˿ֺͺܣȻֿ˿һĬĽ죬תǳ˵ǵļ԰ռ죬ǵֵڵ˵вĥӳҪͶҪҪ˾ХͷӳѾǵȵЩˡ
磬ǾɱȥɱӳƬײ̫ٴβ˵
˾ХЦˣֿһˣ˵ӳ±ھΣɽ⣬񣬵ȴͶɱȥôɱ֣ѵаƾⲻ˵ɢӳ𣿡
ֵ̫ڵһºŵĲ֪λش𡣺ŵӿڵǾͲҪӳ
˾ХٴεҡҡͷţǲرǵֵܣǵĽþͻᱻӳɱ¾ܹİʲôԭûнΣɽֻҪǸңңҾҪǣ
˵˾Хͣס˻ڽĬǾĿ˾Х죬֪˿˾ХÿһӰǽˣûһ˳ڵȴ˾Хľ
˾Х쳤̾һ㣬һתԶؽܹʵؽܹˣΪʲôֻӳһھΣɽ⼯ᣬຣɽկѵûе
Ŷ磬ӳһûкຣɽϣؽܹ˳˵
˾ХǰһŶؽܹ˼ʵΪʲô
紫ϢڹͻȻ򶫲ƶ¹ö飬ͻȻϮǰǰرؽܹ˹˵ͣһ£ͻȻʲô飬˵⣬˵ڰǰͲɳнٶȼΪݣ˶ƺơֱӿԽԭǷƺûκεֹβﳤֱ롭
Ŷ˾ХüͷɵһЩ̫ײͲڴ˿̳ʲôԵɡ˵ǹԼͨϾľһϵôҲԼŮñҪñĻôڵͲɳ֧ԮǰԼǷΪûаĶ۳ң
磬峤ҪЭѽӥûпô࣬˾Хþò˵ǰ˵
˾Х쿴˿ӥûпڡͷ˼һеİð̧ͷһĨᶨĹâ˵ӳһʧȥ˶ǲȣżҪս˵ӳҲûеסԽΣɽһͦ·;ʮңԶӳ˴ξˣǱȻйݣΪΪǸĶ֡
˵˾ХͻȻٴͣס˻̧ͷ˿ǰڽĿ˳ӥŵϡӥͺһƺЩ˾Х컰еĺ⣬ͷ˼Ƭ̣ӥǽ԰ɣĺǹһ٣˾Х˵磬˼Ƕȥǵ
˾Х˵ͷû
Ǻ΢΢һüƬ̧̣ͷ˾Х˵磬ǶȥӳһǹȻǺáӳȻӹȴҲǾþɳ֮ˣ᲻֮ҪûеȺ˵꣬һԵĶؽܹͻȻʲôٴβ˵磬ˣ绹ϢƺھΣɽפӳֻкշӰﲢûھΣɽפ˵ӳײӳΪӰûܹʱԮĿӳӳְͳӰ𱣻Ѻӳһİȫ
˾Х΢΢һ㶣˿ӥˣ¶һɱ
ڳÿһ˼ͬһʱ̸ܵһɼԽɵɱ˲˾Х巢ӥæʵ磬Сһ֧ǰȥӳӰ𡭡
˾Хҡҡͷɨһˣ뿪֮ʱӳӳĴΨһһӳϵĽ죬Ҳӳгӳ֮⣬һӳϵΣӰ׺ޱȣӳ쳣˵ӳһͷͻôһͷ׻вȴΪǡӳͬһڰޱȣҪսʤ²ࡣӳȻǲӳѺ˺ͱ˵ûȫĻͷ
ǡӥ˾ХĻȻûзȴԵЩ˾Хҡҡ֣ʾⳲӥҪϣҾǧȥһӳӰ
أſʵ
˾Хһ룬ܸ֮⣬ˣԳӥͶΪףΪӳɧšסûеõҵ֮ǰԺӳӲӲɱжƣʵдΧػɧšڶӳɧսʱͬʱҪڼᣬҪӳսļʽҲԾһЩӳеֵܵҵ˼𣿡
ӥͺ໥һۣ˵ͷһԵ̫ԵЩ죬ֹţΪʲôҪȥȥҿɱˡ
˾Хֵֹ̫ţŤͷԶؽܹ˵ؽܹˣ취Ϳľϵ֮ϳӥֺͶǶӳһҹɧŹ߿迼ֶΣþһз
ǣؽܹ˹˾ХһתԶ۶ȥ
磬ôʲôطӳأӥͻȻСʵ
˾Х۾гһߣĺʱʱ̧֣ͷңԶʿȥ˿ϦѾɽԭںҹ֮Сð죬ҧһһٵıĸ֣С 



 
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˾ХĻɵ΢΢һ㶣˺ð죬ʵ磬Сǡ
ûеȺ˵꣬˾ХʾҪ˵ȥ˫ںҹ˸һָԵĹâҲûǱ˵ɱ͵˵ţ֮ѡСΪǷսĵطҪȥҪҵǵʬ壡ӳҪһζӳһ
ǡӥԵЩǣ磬ӳڹСһοô᲻أڹСӳٴη¡ӥû˵ȥе˼Ѿ¶ɡ
ǺǣӽǵҾΣɽһأΪҪģʺϷĵطĹСԱǷһ޼ʵĽԭҲһƽ֮أڹСӳѵҪҴѵǧӳǧӰڲԭҰս֮𣿡˵һ˾Х̧ͷ£˵Ƿģôзִ硣ƺɽҵֵܣΪʧȥҲǵʬĺڻĹ֮СӳȻһûнСҲҷԣ۵սɱԭΨһηľҵˣˣҶη塭
Ǵ磬峤ǰݴԭٲʱͻȻʲôԭ翼ǹûУҲ˵
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׻һ߰һһգ׻ƴ½һǳֵüӡһǧ˰ǰ׻ƴ½ĵһ۹ԯһ콨ʱ֮ɵ֧֮½ǽ׻ƴ½ǧ׻Ǿһǧ˰ǰ׻ƴ½ʽĲԼ
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СϡһɵѪ֮ʮǰһѪսĺۼԼԿڹСԱߵɽϣŵѪʱԿѪսµĲжϱеһЩ
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磬ƴˣܵʵ˾Х˵ͷþû˵룬˵磬ղҴתһȦСԲʮ֮ûκεĵˡ
ҵǵʬ𣿡˾Хʵ
ҡҡͷ¶һȻɫ磬֮⿴һƬأضѾƻǼһ£ӳʬ壬˲һûпƴɽʬ壡
΢΢һü˾ХЩɻĿ˿ܣ벻ͨǧʬȥ֮֮˵ʬ壬رӳƻеѰΪʲôӰķĹᱻƻͷЩҪ졭
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ӳǺǵЦͻȻ䶶շһ֧ļХڿлصϢХ֮ͻȻ΢΢Ĳһ׵ս쳹
˾ХɽϵļǶԵЩңǿǹ˷ƺ˲ѾǧΧ
Х죬Ϸ򻹲бһϣȴԵøۻͻȻ˾ХĶ˾ХסһʱҵĲͣ 



 
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ߵĵ¹΢΢һЦ˵峤峤˴γò飬ǺǣԺ峤ͲΪХ쵣ˣ
˵˵ͷгһߣ˵ХΪһ죬ѾҷģΪһ죬ԶԶ졣һ쵼ߣ򲻿Լ˼ȫ֣ҪѧʲôʧܣʲôʱһγĿģ
¹ྲţɵĵ˵ͷ
Х죬Ȼ򵥣˻ʾⲮֹͣƽͻȻٴο˵Ǻǣ˲Ϣ֮ǱĲ֤Լܹƽ˳Ѿ򣡡
˾ХɽʧĺɱȻЩɻ󣬵еһʯȴķ˵ңңĿһ۲ˣоɻĹâ
ǺǣХ죬ҪǵôϷ֮ͻΧƾǧ˵ıҪϷ￹⣬£Х죬ʣµľϷһֶΣ˵ţ˴ǹڿٴλ裬Ĳգۼصһ嶼Ϊֻ֮ŵĲ׶ս
ͬʱӳҲ˲˶Ӱ飬һ֧ӴεĿڹС֮ϡ
أÿһڲߵ˶֪еĵ߳ߣѲ׽ͷչ̽ķ۴κη򹥻ԷءԵӳӰʱ˾ХɫüΪѿ
δԲѵأս޲ʤĲ跨ͻǷصܲ͸ߴ˾Хԥˡ
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ɵֵķΣֲ֣һ飬໥Эţ
ˣһǿͬʱżʸ˲佫СĿռ⣬ѵصĲ˿ûбԷļ壬ߺţֲͬ죬˺սСĿռ˸־ֻգۼѾ嵽ʿɵļз֮ǰ
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ҾɱӳӰﱻԷݿĳͷɵôŭҰĺгȻһڿлһĻߣһһʿ¡
Ӱʱһȣһ飬ʿ˲Χս˲ã˾Х˵ĹƱӳӰ衣
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ۿԼߵʿԽԽ٣˾Хеıʹ޷ݣеĴ̣ᣬңȫ飬ꪻӶ˵ǰĵûһȫʬСеű˾ХǿըʬĲ֫
ǰľϤӳɫҲɵЩ԰סǱѪɵ˵ѪսʱΣ˾Хƺ֮Ƹӵ׺ݣӵǿͻȻӳеһֲ԰׵
һаޱȵӿ˾Хǿɲ˰Ȼø죬ֳһ˿ֲ䣬սݱնʱϢ֡ͬʱ˾ХµĺͻȻ䷢һĺУͷϵĶ˲û죬ɵĻ˲ðԭͽͨս׳ͬһ㱩һɱŰϢ˾ХǿҰɱһͬɢսϲֵңͬʱ˻
Ȼ˵˾ХǿԵ죬ӳ̵˺ƵںƱ仯֮ʱӳµһڵϡӳָ߾Եڵϡڿӥһչӳڿն𣬳ž͵һһƥֱս֮ϣеĿ־δƽϢһΪаڿ𣺡аն
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Сʱüžͬһʱ̣ԶսĲ˵˶һˡе˶ͣеıźսеľ֮Ա
һ˻ǹдһɫȻУѾצͷϵĺҲѾʧ೤βһֱһ״˸Իɫʵ˫۴˿̸͸һּĹâδûͷ˿̵ĺһͷһ㣬ɢһԵƣսϵˡ
˾ХɫĲ԰ףеа֮Գ޾ɱ΢΢ЩɳȵĿںƱϣһ˫ƽվеĴ֣ץꪣ˫ͬ͸İһ㣬ԼɼеѪ
һħ񣡡վԭصӳɫ԰ףͷе˾Х죬
峤Ǿˣħڲߵĵ¹൹һԵĲʵ
ðŻع񣬲ң˾Х£Բʮ֮ڣްﲻֵңģһŵѪ⣬ѪСȾһƬѪɫཬ
һħ񣡡Ҳɵ˵һ䣬תͷŵ¹࣬˵¹࣬ס۸ʼ޷һսսһ˿Ծģ˵꣬³֣ɱ
սٴεܵսĴ߶Ĳ˻ȥ
ѾصҪΣ˾Хаڿлصţҳ壡
ٴͬһڿֱ˶£˾Хꪻ裬ɱѾûаսӰɱٴ𡭡
ۿ˾ХѾ嵽˹Сĳڣӳд󼱣ȻƴĹĶأӰ˿ȴԵļ֮£ӳ֪Լ˾ХĶ֣ɷеĳڿлܵ·ĺ˾Х죬ӱһ
ڿгֳ࣬ǿ͵˾Хնӳĳδ˾ХһץꪣֺȥڿлһѸ͵ļ磬ްĻӭӳ
һðĽ֮ӳʮͬһʱ֮ϣǿۣһ֮ӳ͸еһɿ͵˳Լĳֱг˲仯˷ĩһѪӳڿмٵķˤڵ֮ϡ
һܣӰްĶ־˾ХһߺƣСɱȥ֮Ӱͬһ߷ֿ
ۿ˾Х˾ҪСͻȻһŭ֮߳𣺡ɱħߣǽ߳һӰͬХǰһ֮ʱͬŲǳߵĽڲ˼ĽǶͬʱХ˻ȥ 



 
 һ ħХ ڶʮ

ǣȡλÿһΪʵ֮壬ÿһɱ֮۽۽Ĳѧ
˾Х켸ûʱȥǣꪶһʱһ㣬ӭŶԷ߽̻ȥһȫްĻ֮ʵ֮·ȴһּΪ˼ĽǶȽֵĽӰȫ
죬ǿȻֱƶÿһݣǿʢ˾ХֻǺȻԱǵķλϮԼȫСڲ֮ڿնңͬӥһڿһת˾Х콫ȥڷӭĺϣͷ΢΢һ󶶶۵һһѪĿ
˲ı仯ʹñѾӳʱָֻյľĸߺգۼֽİΧ
׿˾Хǰһ䣬ŰɫɫİŮԭ΢ַʵĳۣ֮и͸һԱζ˫ֽǰŮ估ڣѳԼɼȻ䣬ȴԴ緱һ˫ĵ𾪣ǰɫɴ΢΢͸һ˿֮ɫһԼҲܵһЩ˺
ʲôˣ˾Х켫ƽϢǷӿϢѪ΢΢ĴϢ˵
ŮûпڣֻǾĴ˼˾Х죬ͻȻ˵Ҫ˭ɱ֮ˣ˵ö֮һ䣬΢΢趯ڿΪƮͬһ˾ХǰȻм̶ƹ׾˫ڿн˻һ˲ںΪһ̣ײһֶǵ졭
û뵽Ů˵ʹ˾ХʱвȻŭĺŮ׽룬ꪼٵתһԲĹܣС˲䱩ΪֱɵĹܣּɶ
أһ죬ǿٴν㣬໥ײԴ߱ƳǿΧΧӰﲻʱǿǣȥֻĲҽУ˲仯һõѪ⡭
ɫٱ䣬˾ХȻһƳХ֮ԺƱڿն֮ץסꪵꪱһ֣дһһ˦ɽϣ֮ꪳƣްĻɣꪴ֮ƴжɽ֮ơ
ͬʱ˾ХǰŮʱеԼȫ˾Х͵һУ֪Уȴ¶ϣڿʮֽ棬Ӳ˾Хӭȥ
䣭һ죬С֮еĺɱûȥ׼ȷ˫ʮֽϡŮαҵķ棬۵һѪɴ֮ϣ˫һڵ档
˾ХҲûкù٣˫֮ϼдѾ˵ڸٴˣڿһͷغƵıϣɫɷףꪵ˫Ҳɵ΢΢Ĳš
˾ХŮֵ˲䣬ӰѾʿָΧС֮϶ʱɱ죡ԶսĲ˲ɵ΢΢һüͷţⶫ۽ôҲһȣ˵ţѾЩĿɿڴĵ¹˵ܴһʿҪͻǿ˵
¹˵ͷֿһΧ֮е˾Х죬Щǵ˵峤ү
۽ĵȻǻХĶ֣ӳѾˣХͻΧǳ飬ٺ٣û뵽ϷһôĶ겻ֹ۽Ҳˣ˼ٺ٣˼ͻȻЩЦ
ѽѽ峤㣬¹峤ľ¹æʱһƨûе˵꣬ѾһƴԴϣϽס¶Ц⣬˵ͷѽ˭ѧѧǸϺƨϿ촫ȥҪٵˣ
¹ͷæȥ
˿˾ХѾŮսһ߸ΧӰŮ˾Х췢˾Х书ǿ޷еסֵַڲģеҲԽĳء
˾磬ҪٹˣѽͻȻһʿĺȣδ䣬һͷ­ȥ
磬ѽΪǱ𣡡ʿҲĺеı׺ݵȫȻԼ˾ХĽе
һµѪ֮У˾Хеıʹ޷ݣǽս֮ݵģһɲǼ䣬Ůһѳ͸룬̴Хؿڡҵʹ˾Хʱ侲֪֮սԼˣɲǼ䣬һصı֮ȻӿͷֶꪣꪴһѪ⽫ΧߵӰŴһһץסŮĽ棬һд˿͸һɵ֮ɫо޷ֺѪŮ˵Ůˣ˭ұҪǧУ˵ţһ±һǴĳšϣꪺһɨž͵ƻԴĺȵ˦֣ꪳӿ·ɲǼСȼ˲ļΪ죬֮է֣ƺòˣ
˾ХһŮˣ֮յĶ˾ХľһꪣΧӰȴûˣȺʮӰʱնΪء
ƣɣ˾Хŭ𣬼ͬʱµĺٴαǣצ̤ȣȻڿУһţ˲һֵĻ򣬻أȻը죬µĽӰʱһһΧȵǵ˲˺ѡ
˾ХںƱϣȫްͬһɫ磬ڿһš
ħ꣡ۿ˾Хѣʣµʮߺ˲䱻ӿӰΧ
ʱСϵĺɱ𽥵ƽϢصʬͲ֫СǱͻ侪ĿɿڴŮǰĿһۣ˵Ϸ峤ˣǶ۽ĵӣ
Ů˵ѣڵĴϢһ£˵ԭǲ峤۽˾¼峤ղʲôˣֶ˵Ĳ̣ձȥ¡
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峤ӳˡǻѪĶǰԲ˵
˼һ£˹˵࣬ӳͻؽǣӳ峤ϷȻ㵣˵꣬ͷҲصСĺ«ڳȥ
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˾æ˵ɱħ˵ö֮лһ٣˵»̽ʲôˣ
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˾ɵһһʱ㶵Ĳ֪ĸ˵Щʲô
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˵ͷʿսС֮⣬ֻ˾һվķ㡭
˾Х죬Ⱥɽ֮г۳ţһĨɫٶȻݣȴΪƽȣ˾ХķϣǽЩҲ֪˶ã޷ţͨһӺƵıˤڵϡ
ͣ˾Хߣ˶ͷͣĹХ壬ХްķӦƼÿв֮ͣ췢һ쳤ХХɽȼصϢһʱϢ뾲ĵûа
ХصĴתԴ˰죬˸߻ùâ۾ͻȻһ˶ͷͣХ£ͷХͷֿӺƵĿвʱĵ˰ɫҺХĿС
˾Хϵ˿ڲ֪𽥵ֹͣѪѪƽĺͷϵĶţƵҺ£аʱĿзһ巭һȻ˯ȥ
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ӳΪڴвͣ߶ţһգͼ˾Хսû뵽Էȴʼղ潻档ߣԷͣͣԼɳӳԷӱܣ࣬ԷϾԼһڳԵ˷֮ӳѾʧ˹ǧӳ˾Х涼û
ʱӳ룬Ƿ˾Х첢Լ潻棬еļȴڱ˾ХȷڼͼԼսӳеѡеͷ۵ǣھΣɽ֮еҲͣĶŹһδεΧԼдҹ·߼Ϊأ˿޷ֶͻԼĴӪŻѾñʹӳӵ׽⡣̶գԼݲܵӽһʱ޷ĽÿݶȱʿѾսȥ
뵽ɵͷһڴ֮ϣ˾Х쾿ʲôϷѵͲЩԼ֮е죬˾ХٲսҪɱ²һҪ˾ХԼľսӳа
һͳ춼ͳ̨߽ӳæվǰȥʵλ֪Ƿ˾Х٣߷־ΣɽЩĹ;
ͬһʱ̣ͱ̨һҡҡͷ˵峤ȥˣ֮Դ˵ؼΪϤټѰգĩ׷٣ǶԷѡСɳ죬Ȼȫʧ١Ҫ׽Բˡ
ѽ峤ΣɽеҲʮֵĽƻ̨ɥӳ˵ĩǧʿΣɽҵͨĵ·Ϊѹ˵һ򵱹أĪչ˲ز˵֪ȥݣ˳Σɽ峤ЩһĪѲͨȻԡ
˵ӳ˵ʲôͨǵСϷǰȥΧҾͲһɽͷȻܵסҴĲ
峤ǿԣѾȥʣҹ޷Źܲܡ̨˵
ѽ峤˴γս߹߳ЩѡӳǰȥݣƻҪЩʱղܵҺѾ޷ŹաҲ˵
ݣݣӳŭ˵Ҳ֪ѣҴҵݣӪαĪĹʧǻҪ󣬸ղžٻ˵Ӫ֮޷Ź峿Ҫô죿˵ţĳһȶһ˵飬̨峤֪ѴǱ峤Ҳп˵ຣɽȲɵĶͻȻسʹҾ⣬Ҳ뾡ҲˣЩ²вǾս˾Хʼմڼ״̬ٳٲĽ棬Ҳеͷѽ
峤Ҫʱ̽ĵʵ
Уûնӳһڣǰɣ·ĺĿȫûսˣҾҲֽûͷôȥӳȻ˶
ǡԱ󽫲Լ֮ͬɫ
ȥܲھΣɽҵʲôݹӦһ£ӳ˵ͱ̨ٴһҡͷ峤ǲûҹЩɢھΣɽĲ䱾ûʲôˮΣɽ֮Ѿ˸ȴûзκεݡ˵
ҲţЩôҵݵģӳ˵ǻԵõЩ㡭
峤ǶϤǳǴͻķΧǴ࣬ӳαȵ˵
ڲӳҵȰ棬ӳͻȻ쳤̾ڴ֮ϣɫԵøǷϡ
ͱ̨໥һۣû˵һʱ伫Ϊãӳ̧ͷ˵ɣȥһ룡
ӳһת˳˴ʡ
һ˴ڴУӳʶͻȻԼ˴γûа˵Ϊӱ𣬿ȴԼԭ峤Ϊ峤˵ĶԹǰӳĵ˱˾Х죬̾ԭĲˡһδεʧܣӳһֱ½ʹòһԿЦԼøΪѵľ桭
뵽ӳɵһȭߵļϣҧгݵ˵˾Х죬쵰ģӽץסҪʬΣ

ãӳҲû뵽һȽ׵İ취վ߳˴ʡ˿̣繴ӪеȼӳһʿһȺľһֹšǿӳֹͣۡ
̾Ϣһӳ֪Щʿ˵ЩʲôǴ˿ѾļƽϣڴӪ߶š
ͻȻߴһӳɵ΢΢һ㶣ĿȥȴԼڲ֪ʱߵ˺Ӫ֮С˳ſȥһŵͰªéǴéд
ǰӳһɱ٣һǰӳӳʾǲȻʵéʲôˣôҹҾģ
峤ЩǱ̨ץҾĿݽȱԾٴڽ峿ͶȥǵʳһûгԷΪˣڿ˵
Ŷȥǵʳӳһ΢΢Щɫ䣬Ҫʻͼܵǰ񣬡峤ˡĩ֪峤ǰδԶӭ
ˣˣڣӳЩͷҡҡͷ˵ߣ˲Ҫϣ˵ţԹԵȥ
ٽĸಽӳҲͷţðΧ˾ˣ˵Ҿжٷ²
峤Ů׼ԼǧңҲĻش
ӳ˵ͷţǧˣһһʮҲʮһһһҪĻҿ֧ʮңʮʱ䣬ӳҲ͵šе૵
һԵľУֻɲǼ򣬶ʱɫ԰ޱȡȻӳϴ΢ЦŤͷԾ˵٣㿴ǷԻҴȱ
¹ӳ£ɫ԰׵Ŀӳһɲǣеһļ¶˿־֮ɫӳͰ͵Ĳ֪ش𡭡
٣Ƿԣӳɭᣬžٳʵ
ĵ˵ͷͰ͵˵峤㣬йͷ
ŶˣҰˣӳ͸һɱ˵ţһʮǧҲʮÿһʿһһǾǿ֧죬ʱ䡭ţˣӳʮֵɣžͻȻһЦݲͽˣҵ˼𣿡
ףʹһĭ·ǴӺбһͰ͵˵
ţܺã˾ͺãӳ¶һĨ̵Цݣžĵ˵ͷ
ڵĴϢţٺðٴο˵峤ɣǡ
ûпǣҵʿǳԲ⣬ҾͰˣʳӳһĨĹâ˵
ǣĩٻһ¡
ӳĵ˵ͷ˵ǺðɣˣռǵøҶһͷģ춼ûгԵˣ˵ţתȥ
ӳȥıӰеĿ־֮ɫŨأĿӳȥķ򣬹˺þãŵţˣ峤Ƿˣ
 



 
 һ ħХ ڶʮ

峿ӳڴ֮УƷžٸһŨŨĹͷɫԵڴ֮ϡ
˹ɵΪڻˬӳ̾ΪûЩ侹Ȼ˵ζе飬ݾ˵һ²õӤ֮⣬ʳ֮ţˬڡӳɵýǵ㲻ͲĲ˲ʧͬʱЩԼһȫľη˷ѣڴӪſͷҲ˾ХףԼںʲôЦ
ڵĺһӳеԼľҲûıվһа룺˾Х쿴ͷȻԼһսٺ٣ò˶ãԼͿ԰ʦؽˣ뵽ӳӵľӣΪʲôû뵽취ʹ˾ХԼһս
ӳԵ֮ʱһɫĳ˴֮Уӳû񣬴ŭ峤⾿ô£
飬ʲô㷢˴Ļ𣿡ӳЦǺǵĿŶ飬˿û񣬺ʵ
һӳ峤ĩʣշŵӪʲô⣿ӳΪȻһЦ飬˵أʵ
Щ²⣿˫𣬿ӳһһٵʵӳÿɷĵ˵ͷ
峤ôָӳ˵ǧ˳ΪˣǴûг顣ʳԼͬǣǣʵΪزѽ
ӳɫʱ࣬۾ĿŶ飬Ŷ𣿱峤Ϊ峤ֻ֪ҵʿǲܶŶӺ͵˴̣峤ֻ֪Щ²ֻ˷ǵʳ峤ֻ֪ǲǣǽͶûУɱǣ˾ХͻϺǾսɱǣǾͿĻصǡɱǣǾҪǣѵҵʿЩƥһԵϵ𣿶飬עԴʣҪ֪Ǻ˭˵˵ںУ˵֮ӳڵĴϢţڲͣĶ
ɱɱսɳ֮ϣһʿĹ١ǳˣŻ飬Ȼһ򣬵ȴĵŭˣȭͷĺ
ȥսɣ飬ԽǺ͵˴̣ҪЩνĸ֮ʣѵҪӳһһȺȥ
ȥӳһĲЩν㣬ӳɫĴʲô֮ʺ˵ı׼֪㻹ʲôʸһ峤
סڣӳȻ䣬ȭȭ޾ĸ;Ȼ򶼶ȥ֮ľ뱾ʮֽȫû뵽ӳͻȻ֣ûκεķӳȭͷĻؿڣ͵ľӲӳӰΣϣ˫ȭ˲书ʮȭȭͷ׼ȷĻڶظ֮䡣
ΰȻأص̳ڱѪ磬ɫҵ޹⡣˵书ӳڲ֮䣬ȫûзȻܵӳѸ͵ĴʹҲ޷ܡ
˿̣еĶѾʮ˲ʣǹ٣һٴеģǵǿǰΣɵþˡ
ָӳ絭֮ѪӿţһѪٴ
ͨͼıͼɱ峤£ӳ˸ײеĹâĿŶ飬һһٵ˵
ǾˣӳĻǵĶ߻صȴ޷֡ôҲ޷ɱıۺǰϢٵĶϵһ𣬴ĿŶ飬ûƶ
ѵҲı𣿡ӳŭĺšЩĴһηѰһӵϣ¡ʵҲǶ֣ӳŵĹѾöȫϣȫް
ʱٴһ̨߽˴ʣʱҲǰľ󾪴ˡ
̨ãӴӳϢţؿڼţԱ̨˵ǾþɳϽ̨ʱعæߵӳߣʵ峤ʲô飿
ͨУͼıɱ峤ӳʱѾ޷ؿڣ˵
峤ѾûˣʱͻȻ˵ӳһ㶣첽ߵߣָڶı£ȻûаϢ̽鶼Ҳûа㶯ͻȻӳ侲վ߻شΣһʱ
ûӳҲ£ֻɵɵվҲ̨˿һתߵʮǰϴЦݣ˵ס򲻿ɽǿġδ䣬˫ֳצһֲ˼ٶȣʮǶ˲ʮצ
ûκεķӦܴһڿնľһ֮ϣ˲Ϣȫޡ
̨ʲôӳɵĿɿڴĿų̋ðĺʡ
ָ촽֮ϣ̨һɫӳߣ峤𼱣ĩҲǲģ
ɻĿų̋ӳһʵô˵
峤ӳһϳӳһĹôͻȻıңµĺռҾϣǱЩ֪峤УȻɧң䣡峤ǲ⼸ɱȥ»峤㲻ѽ̨˵
ӳĵͷ̨֮ʵ峤Ҳɱ飬ֻԲѷһʱŭĲš
峤㲻ö˵ĩף̨˵ҪеĽʿȶģ
ӳʱѾûа⣬Ŀ⿴ų̋ͻȻ֣˵̨ҵĺܣңǺã
̨İοӳֱص߶ӳ۾ų̋תͣתĺˡ
ͻȻ䣬̨ͣ˽Ųߵ˴ʵǰ⿴˿ȻԼױ⣬Ըǲκ˽ӽʣȻֻصСӳߣ̨˵峤̨һƣ֪ǷУ
ͬץһһ㣬ӳһץס̨֣˵̨˵̨ЦˣİӳȻ˵峤Ѷ򲻿ɱ©вܻҾдң
ףôҸôأӳ̼˵
ת̨Ц˵Ǻ齫ǰ˶飬Ҳȫ¡峤Ƕƺ齫Ϊ⣬Իؽǣݡ
ǵǻ˽ô˵ӳʵ
̨Цˣ峤㲻Ҫż˵ꡣǺǣǶƺ齫ǰȥݣʱȶģʿ𻩱䡣ǻʦǺǿԸ֪ڽ齫ڻؽǵ;б˾ХԡѪս
ãą̃˼ӳ˵ôȻأ
Ȼ󣬺Ǻǣ峤ȻҪ齫ᣬȻĶӶκͳ֮λû˻뵽齫УҲû˻ɣǺǣʹ峤룬ڽл£Ǹʱ򡭡̨Ц
ããӳɵЦȴûзֱ̨ЦȴӵĹ졣еĴʯ£һ۵ϵʬ壬ͻȻԱ̨˵̨Щʬ塭
峤ģ̨Իᴦ̨˵ӳ˵ͷһȻ˵¾ͽɣ̨ǴĺãȻصԻͣ
̨Ϊ峤£ǫ̂ͣæ˵Ǳ̨˵ţתеĵձʮ˵ʬֱȷûʲô֮վȥ
̨ӳͻȻ˵̨ͣ˽ŲɻĿӳ
ߵ̨ߣӳ˵һ飬鲻ڣ˭ͳ죿
̨۾һת˵ţĩΪӳͳȽϺã
ӳ°ͣҡҡͷвһ˧ӳ֪ʲôʱŻѵ£ɣ̨ͳ˧ͬ峤´Ҳࡣ
⡭̨ɫЩԥ
̨Ҫԥˣˣ峤Ͻֺľ񣡡ӳ˵
į̃Ӧ˵꣬Լױнʮʬ˳ױҪ뿪ӳֽס
̨Щ˿ɿ𣿡ӳʵ̨һ㶣ӳе˼Ц˵峤ģû˱Ǹɿˣٺ٣ǲл˵ˣ˵ţһ⡣
ӳЦˣ˵ͷ䣬ŷų̋ȥ̨Ӱſʧ֮ʱӳȻһĺą̂˵Ķԣû˱˸ɿš

ݵʱõ˽ӳЩɴĿʼּӽĹԼѾϲˣ䵱Ȼû˵ʲôȴԼɧǧ²һҹɱʹһ޷ȡʤôĽɨˡ
ǣһɳӽ˾Х̽飬һֳһֵıʼǿ͵ĹơҪݱգΪƷҪĻ⡣һ죬Σɽսһĳδ˴ǰû뵽ҪĹսû㹻Ĳ棬ֻŲڲսӳһδεĹȻǿ֪
ӳо֮УϸоžΣɽĵͼ͹ûκεЧƽɽ¶پߵʬ壬ȴһ˶û˵ѣʱֹͣ˶ĹֻİھΣɽɽڣѰ;ƵСһѾЩ΢΢ЩѾʼϲ˹ǰƵһ첻ȣͻеޱȵܣ
룬ӳָڵͼѰţҪҵһ·һܹ﹥ĵ·ʧˡ
Ȼڴ֮ϣӳüͷһ۾еߵ̫ѨͻͻֱһѣθϮӳͻȻеԼû
ʱױͬһһĳӳĴ֮Удſϲӳ˵峤峤
ʲô£ôŻŵģӳ۾Щ͵ʵ
峤
ʲôӳڵһվױǰһץסױ·˵˵һ飡
峤ױٴظ
ӳͻȻЦ˾Х죬ڳˣ峤㻹жԣ˵ţЦŶױ˵˵ǵʲôط
ҴӪɱǧңһʱᵽ
ȿȿȡЦͻȻ䱻ϣӳҵĿðһŽױ߷ڵأŭ˵쵰㲻˵˵ţæеĿңһ߶ױ̵ҳӭУ
ǣױһ̵ܳ˴ʡӳٶ룬ץǳصİŵ߳˴ʡ⣬˽ӳǣĺһǣɱȥ˵꣬һӪȥ
֮󣬺ӳɱ˴ӪڴӪкƣȴĵ
ԶԶģɱӳкò֣ôδսȴȴɱѵ˾ХԼڧ
ӳɲ֮ʱߵһǧʵ峤ǲǡ
ӳȻǧ˵ȥǰȥ鿴ǳʲô飡
ȥӳ֮ϣɱķ
峤Ϊʲôǰȥ˵ǧʵӳһǧм˵ƻ˾ХмҲĲ򵥡ɱֻֿܣһԼǺαżɱľƣ֮ʱҾٳǲǸãڶ־һ壬ҪϵҸҪСġṇ̃Ҫڲ֮أͼ֮ӳ٩٩̸Ľ峤߼
ӳ˵䣬Զɱ𽥵ʧˣӳüͷһ壬ִԶֻһƬŨ֮һƥ߷ɳ۶󣬽¡¡ӳɫһ˵䱸СĵзͻϮ
մȥͼɱǰѾӳǰϳڵĴϢ˵峤
˵ˣûǳ˵꣬ӳѾԶǹŨüëһ˳Ļеİŵһӣһʿǣǽɱδ䣬һźɱ졭
ӳһȣгȥڣͬһ֧ɫӿĸӳ
ǳȴ㶵ĿԶȥӳŴͣ˵
ԽԽӳȫѪڷڣð޾ɱһ񱼡
ˣӳͻȻסϣЩ㡣ڿпӳͻȻֹͣҲæסƥڸٵĳУôܹ˵ͣͣʱǰսͣ£Ǻսɳƥƥײ˺˲˺˻ҳһš
ҲһɫɫףսӭƮ顮֡͡ӳɵˣôҲ벻ⲮôͻȻϣԼĲ֪˵źá
ڳ嵽ӳǰ֮ʱͻȻͣסȻֹȴ˿ĻҡһɫɫﾲǰͻȻһ֣һƥɫ׶ϵϽǲ峤ˣ
ЦǺǵӳǰʩӳ峤һɺã
ĿŲˣӳ㶵ϣð죬ŻعζǿЦ峤һɺãôͻȻΣɽĪǰ
ףˣ˴ӳĻɻĿ˵峤Ҳ˳𣿡
ʲôʱˣӳͻȻĺһŭ֮ɫݺݵĵŲˡ
ûӳȴԵøӵ󣬡ˣǽӵӳϻҲһҲ˴űᴩԭʦڵܲΪֵİɣ
ӳһŲˣƺҪӲ˵Ͽʲôǲ˵ɫΪƽҲĿ
Ǹղŵɱӳ֪ǽг鷳ǰȴ޷˵ףǿѹŭ𣬳ʵ
Ŷ񣬲˼ȻȻ֣԰峤˳ǣɫɵ˵
˾Х졭ӳæʵ
û뵽˵ɫӵ֣ӳð˵˾Х죿ѵ峤֪˾Х첢ûлĲһЩ
ܣ˾Хᣬôûлˣ㲻˽ɣӳŭ˵˵ɫʱˣɫЩѿĿӳð˵ӳ峤˵עһЩҲӳǰģģ˾Хʮǰ챾ǧڹСǵأҲ˸ǵӳȻڹСǧأ˾Х٣һԻؽӳԼΪˣѾлؽصȻ֪
ӳӶʱסˣû뵽˾ХһϷͷβûҪԼսȴΣɽĵ˶Էʮգͷ۽ȴװ׵ĳȫ˲˵˲࣬ĿŲ˰˵
˵ĶԻĴӳĺĶУʱӳһƬɧ֮
ĿӳҲ˵оǳζӳ޷ˣͻȻŭ˵ˣ㲻Ҫ⣬ָʹຣɽȲҶ·Ͳ޹ʳ
ιӳǲǻͷˣ˵ɫʮѿ˵ҲˣŭĺﲢҲ˵Ĳ£Ҫ˭ʲô취˵˵ຣɽ֤أ֪ǲǹһĳѡڶຣɽĵط㶫·ʲôϵҲ˲ϧԼŮΪУԶǧǰΪս̴˺ü˲٣ȴⲻˡȻھߣ
ˣΪĺ¡ɽ߾ߣӳѾĻĺȵ
ɫӵ˫гһ죬ĶӳͻȻЦ˵ôѵӳ峤Ҳ˶֣δ䣬Ĳͬȣʿսʱֱָӳĺʱ䣬֮һɱ
һӳѹˣǰĲȻռƣԼ¾ֺùȥһѹסеŭ𣬳˵ˣ㲻Ǻһףţ֤һֱѪԼ޹ϵôЩ
üһ˿ӳ˵Ҫ֤
Ƭ̣ӳ¶һĨɭЦݣЦ˵ʵܼ򵥣¾Σɽô峤ͷϴ
΢΢һ㶣ЦãӳҾһս֮󣬵սѪԾҲһٲӳϽŰɣ˵꣬һӣĲǣҽɽ̤ƽΣɽ
ಮͬߺƸϡһȣǰСԭصӳʱһ֣óһͨ˴Ĳ̳Σɽɽڡ
Ųʧķӳɫ粻ԵüΪΣվԭأþ˵һ仰
峤һô죿һԵǧʵ
һâӳͻȻݺݵ˵汾峤ھΣɽɽڶսҾͲţܹԸԼŮ¾ΣɽҶҪټ岿ᣬַһ壡˵꣬ҲΣɽ˶ȥɽĸӳ
˾Σɽɽ֮ӳµռΣڿ˺󣬽ΣɽεİΧӳԼһߵ֮ϣΣɽֹΣɽս¡¡죬ȴûκεɱ֮ӳϲɵ¶Ц֮ɫŤͷԺı̨˵̨㿴Ϻ꣬ٺ٣սõĺ죬ȴûаɱڸϷҿһôճòҾͶ
̨΢΢üͷһӳ˵峤ĩôе㲻Ծѽ
ٺ٣ԾԾؼҪôճһҪǻ˵ʲôò̨Һúõһ٣ӳûǱ̨ղŻĶԱ̨˵
ţ̨û˵ʲôֻǿһӳ˵峤ģĩһ٣
ӳ˵ͷЦ˵˶޷ôҲ˽˱ЩʣͷβǶûк˾Х棬һսò˵ȥ˱ˣǡ
Ǻǣ峤αأ̨Ц˵ô˵˾ХѾܣǰǵӳУ峤˳ᢣȻɹǻص˽ǣͶ峤⣬Ȼͨ˾ХССû˾Х죬ҲŲ˶ã
ţ̨ǺǣΪÿ˵峤ӳɵÿĵЦ

ʱϢйһʱΣɽھĵģûа죬¡¡սҲʧӳвɵЩ죬һ۱̨Щɻ󣬸Ҫ˵̨ͻȻ˵峤϶ˣ
ӳæ˳ųָ̋ķȥֻһӶӲĴӾΣɽлг˶ϣˮ
峤֪ɷӳ߳ôų˵һɫĿӳðͻȻŭ˵ӳǲв޶˶Ҵʲôȥһȴһˣʲô˼
ʲôӳ˵Ļ˵һ㶣ĿŲˣҲ˵һָɽó˵ҵӳ峤ǰȥʲǲаӰ峤ɽһǸν֮⣬ӰûУڸʲôѵһɽͷʹôõʱ䣿ӳ峤Ҳбѽ
㡭ӳ˵Ļ˵İŭĺˣеפأҹһɽ֮ս죬ôûˣ
УǶüֻɽ̤սġӳ峤ǲţԼȥٺ٣ǼͷɽѾӳ峤бѽЦ˵ţһ֣ĵ¹żӳǰѪܵɽӳǰת¡˿ӳһּΪĿ˵˵ӳ峤о㣬Ȼ֮˸峤ʳġ˽峤Ͻɽʰһ£Ҳýȥеļ𣡡˵꣬˴һӣĺȵǣǺȾƳȥǿɲȥ⣬ǲ޲飡˵ţҲӳﳤȥ
ĲһӦŲȥھΣɽڵӳ˵϶¶˲ɫóһ·Ų˴ȥ
ˣӳðŴĺָŲȥķ򣬡㡭һ仰û˵ڣһѪһͷԵ£

׻һ߰һĩµսˣۣӳʰƺƵȴһȴ
ĿߣຣɽկȲɵĶȻȴӳһ徫ʣˣֻ߽ǡӳΪھΣɽʳ²⣬Զһ˸һ֮˳˽ǵѪˣӳһһս֮٣ӳص֮󣬸ܵ˳ϻķѣͬʱһֹڲס
Ȼһս֮ȡʤ˾ХܹСھΣɽǰһʵפһҹ֮ȻȴԭҲ֪ӳ˱֮ʱһѴ֮һ棬Ҳû½
֮УĪ;ɱĲͲ䣬ȻӳڻصǶƹСķսһֲ߻е˶֪񣬼֮Ȳ֧֣۰ԭԽԭһԭǧδֵսȻĻ 



 
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@@磡ؽܹˮ͵£Ϊ˷ܶŤţ˾ХʻһˮЦ˵һҷǰľɩ磬Ȼ͸һߺͳӥŸ磬ѰҴͺǵټһ죬ҸӥŸ͹Ϣ֮ڻ·Ϣ峤ץס峤ϢȻдһ͸ľɩӡҵʱһ㱻۽˻ˣ̷峤Žľɩӡʱľɩںӳսӵ峤֮󣬵ҹС˾Σɽɽ´ڶ죬ӥŸΪӳǵķ²նɱǵ˺ľɩǵԼҪӳս;˲峤һս֮󣬳ӥŸǱ峤ɢټ
@@ľͿأ˾Хʵ
@@ؽܹ˴һ˵ľɩӺͿĿǰŲǧಿھΣɽɽ´ء
@@֪ǵˣ˾Хʵؽܹ˵˵ͷ磬ӳ˱֮ľɩӺͿǶʮ޽˳ɽѰͳӥŸǵټһҶûаϢǾͻɽû뵽ΣɽʱͺƵټǽ磬û̫ˣ˵ؽܹһˮ
@@Ķؽܹˣ˾Х쳤̾һҲãû뵽ͻȻŻᡭ̴ǰȥǣ
@@ؽܹ˵˵ͷˮһ˾Х졣˾ХںƵıϣԶؽܹ˳˵ˣǰ·
@@ؽܹٴεͷ֮ͻȻһĳǲȶڿնڿһɽ´Ӷȥ˾ХҲɣһĺƵԴצ̤ȣҲڿնצڿչһĸڶؽܹ˵󡭡
@@ؽܹҲǳƶ֮ңʱ˫ΪɱĸȴЩŶؽܹӳ˲䣬Ӵڲԭ֮ϡŰϴؽܹ˵ĸ׽ؽܹͬʱؽܹ˲չ˫Է˶һκ֮ʱؽܹ˵·˺ã¶һ˫߲ĳ򣬶ʱ˵Ŀֻţǲ˴ؽܹ˵ļУҪߵĶؽܹĸץסУؽܹ˵ĸױɱؽܹ˱򱻶ԷץǲԭҪǡʱεǲ˾Х죬һϾè۽ؽܹ˴ӻ֮Ͼ£Ӵ˶ؽܹ˾ͽĸ˾Х죬Ϊʮ޽֮һֵܳΪ
@@˾ХںƵıϣĸڶؽܹ˵ھΣɽзСԼ˰ʱؽܹһգһصɽн˾ХҲ¡
@@һأؽܹ˾͸ĺľɩӣ磬λֵܣǿ˾ˣ
@@һ䣬˷һɧ֮ǵɽ֮϶ʱĶѨǶѨܳˣΪ׵һŮӣǲľ
@@Х죡һ˾Х죬ľ;ϲĺڿշϵ˾Х죬Ѹֻգ۵ĹХǰľ˾Х첻ɵҲЦˣһѽľѸͳĽס§ڻС
@@Х죬ڻˣľ˾ХĻУŵϤζĵ¶ʱΪС޺ţһ߽§˾Х죬ͻȻʧХ캩Цˣĸľ㷢е˵ľһˣ
@@ľҲ𻰣ֻǷХĻصĿ޸ͣ˾ХİοţľˣⲻǻˣǺǣ㿴ҶڿЦأ
@@ð죬ľֹס˿̧Х죬ͻȻһЦ˳滨ģǽɷ
@@ľ˾Хºơܵ˶ڿľһ죬ХĻѳƣֿˣһ뿪ХĻľһԵĺȥɵһ㣬ùľͷ˸Իɫʣľ
@@Ҷңľͺһٴϣһһҳһţɽ׷ܵĴһ𡭡
@@һֱɫ俢Ŀʱ˾Х󣬻ʮꡣ˾Хǰһ񣬵ϥس˵ʮ޽˾磡
@@˾ХæȻԹȺЦ˵Լֵܣαˣ˵꣬˾Хſļ򣬾Ŀðŵ˵㿴ȥ˺ܶ࣬Щˣ
@@¶ѵһЦݣҲ˾Х죬˵ֻҪ˾ƽ޷
@@ֵܣ˾ХͻȻ§ڻУļһɲǣԺͻȻ両˷ƺɽ˵Ц
@@磬ȻɽЩӴҲˣ˵ţã˾ХҲɽȥһȺĸҲ߽ɽ֮С
@@ɽУ˾ХֺͼһȻڼªɽ£˾ХλУľߣһԻźơ
@@һ۶еˣ˾ХͻȻһݸпʮ˽һͬ齨ȴֻʮˣֵܶеһˡ
@@ɽһƬžð죬˾Х캩˵ӳʼս֮ѾսˡУȡʤǸʧܡǵĺֵܷƺɽսСǧʿҲںˮ֮СȻ˺Ŀǵӥȴֻɢ䲻ܵպһѪսСȻΧȴҲѶޡǵļ԰ˣҲһƬһսˣ
@@һڶʱɽ֮һصϢе˶Ĭ
@@Х죬ҰָţͻȻľ˵һ˵һߴӻȡһţݸ˾Х졣˾Хһһˣӹ֮󣬲û̴򿪡룬ݸ˿˵
@@磡ԾĿ˾Х졣
@@۾˾Хþòð죬ٴ۾Ťͷһ۲ľǸ˵ľԭ˴սܣܴĳ̶Ϊ峤ͻȻʹҾĴֲԣ峤˵ʲôҶҵֵǣȨ֪еԵɡ
@@Х죬ףľһЦ˾Х˵ҵХΪҲ㣡
@@˾Х˵ͷŤͷԿ˵ɣ
@@˵ͷһ۶еˣŴ򿪣ʾХ졢ľԻ˴һתа꣬δֻƬǰһֱǡϻǯһսʼֺͲе˶ڿǣǵΪǶο´ٹʼһֱڹעӳĶ̬ȻӱҪǰܹսʤǣХĴֹۼľǻۣӦӳһֶΡǾӳգͻȻӵһӳһ峤ϻźҳֽӵһŵʱͻȻˣӳǵĵˣǵĵһڰ飡Ѿ֪˰˵˭ҰֿԸе󣬻һǿڴ˺ܾãΪǵĽ˺ܾãվҪӳҪʤʹʤĲ棬һҪʤΪֻʤȶסĿǰľ棬ܸԸʱ׼ӦԺǽҪٵѡХ졢ľǺܳɫҲΪ̫ɫˣûƷʲôʧܡһûоʧܵˣǲܳΪһ뼴ʹڲףԺҲ׵ģԣҪҪʲôʧܣǶǵһĥֻдʧ߹˲ܹɹȻԺ˵ֻһССĴۣһεĻţǽӵļǿǰְ˹СХϮ֪ХһԳȥȴû뵽ͻȻһ۽˵ĳ֣ҲХһ飬书ƥʲôǿı֤ХڿţҪǺúһ룬ΪʲôһεʧܣǽĪ桭֮ϣһǵϢʱǽһָǿ̬֣ǲŲᰢֳһġ
@@꣬˾Хðûг
@@֮վңңź¡ɽķһݣͬʱɽҲһͬ˾Хһͬ£
@@֣Х춨ʧ˾Х˵
@@ٴλعλ֮ϣ˾Х쿴Ŵң룬˵λղŲ峤ŴҶˡǵĵ˲ӳһˡͻȻͣڲľĶ˵ľ˵˭
@@ľһЦһ˾Х죬Щεҡҡͷֻ˾Х˲˵˵ҹ磡
@@Ŷ˾Х˵ͷŤͷ˵һ˾ҹ硭˵ٴͣסˣɻĿһľȻֿ˿ҹ˭
@@һڣɽ̱һЦһ俢ĿҲݸһЦ˾Х쿴˿ңЩ˼ͷ
@@ʾֹסЦǿЦ⣬˵磬СܵĴӴص֮һֱû籨¡ҹȥӳˣųӳʦܣӳ峤֮֮շʮ䣬Ϊӳĵһҡȫţգû֪Ӵ˳֮¹ʲϣһеļ󶼱ĵĸӳĿġ
@@Ŷ˾Х˵ͷɫ˳˼֮״ð죬̧ͷſʵţҹ磿Ǽ֣Ժ򲻿СǰҪ񲢲ҹ磬ǽӦʲô뷨
@@΢΢һЦһ˾ХڶŪƵľȻ˾Х˵磬СΪǻһɩӵ
@@˾Х˵۹ַŵľϡ
@@ľһ㶣źݺݵĵ˿һۣ˿˾Х죬˵ӳ˴˵սʤȴִһеļ󶼱ӳһڧڼҲ˵ǽжٵľǡ⽫Ǵһõķչȣ٣գΪҪȷǻأξҪҵӥǵ١
@@˾ХüͷЩĿһľûеڣΪβʨİ³ɻʵľɩӣҵӥ⣬ȷǵĻʲô˼٣ȻҪԭַ޽ΪʲôҪ
@@³룬Ҫ죬ɩ˵꣡۾԰³һɣ³ľЦЦֿ˿˾Х죬Ȼ԰³˵³룬һεսԿʵڲΪǵĴӪǽ֮ʱû뵽ȼսѡһءѾһϷ֮УҪǵľͲֻס⡭
@@˵ľһ˾Х죬ֻ¶Ȼ֮ɫͣĵͷľͽ˵ҪôͱҪǵΣλõȸءҪܹҪءԲԭ˿һͬʱҪзḻӦǵľ裬Ҫ㹻Ŀռ乩Ƿչ
@@ǺǣɩӣѾ⣬˵ľĻЦľҲЦˣ˿˾Х죬ֿ˿ͻȻ¶һĨ٥Цݣ㲻Ҳ⣿
@@ɵùЦһԵ˾ХüͷˣЩɻʵľǼȻ⣬˵˭һЩ
@@ǺǣХ죬ҺͿ뵽ͬһطľЦԵЩƻʱЦ
@@Ŷôǲ˵ѽ˾ХҲЦ˵
@@ɩӣڸԵд뵽ĵطǲһǺǵĶľЦľ˵ͷ
@@갮ңīľëĸд˼֣ȻһЦվ˵ע֮ߵһͬʱԷĿȥɵ÷Ц 



 
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@@ľͿģȻд֣Զ
@@ʱ˾ХҲվŲľͿĵȴǵĽ͡ľЦߵ˾Хߣ˵Х죬ҺͿͬģ
@@Ŷѡʲôط˾ХɻĿŲľʵľХԭͬʱʾҲһͬ£һۿЦŶԿ˵˵ɣ
@@˵ͷվ˾Х˵磬ҺľɩӶΪؽõĵطĪԶ
@@Զ˾ХʧĿڽеɻĿһۿΪʲôΪʲôҪѡԶӦ֪ԶûïʢˮݣҲʺϷ֮Զڶǲѽ
@@˾Х컰֮󣬶ɵ۷׷סǺǵЦЦߵ˶ؽܹ˵ߣ˵ˣһԶԲĵͼɣ
@@ؽܹվǿ˿棬ȻѸٵĴӵ˸زģ͵ذŪ˾ХʱҲվǰȥ˿ؽܹˣֿ˿һ
@@磬˾Σɽ֮Ҿһֱ⡣ѾʺǵķչȻѾһϷ֮УôǾͱҪΪǵĽһд㣡Ŷؽܹ˰Ūʱ򣬳˵ԣھĿ֮ѡԶǵķչأȻҵĵ
@@磬ͼѾˣڿ˵ֻǣؽܹѾڵϰڳһС͵ɳ̣Կ˵֮󣬻Цŵ˵ͷߵɳ֮ǰ˼ۣ
@@ɽе˶ǰΧС͵ɳ̣ϸĴţĵȴſĽ͡һ̧ͷ˾Х˵磬㿴ԶɽңԶ˵Ѿ뿪ĿƷΧԶشںӵΣΣɽһˣɽˮʹ֮ǡԶ򣬾ǸԴԭԴδϨҲôһأǿΧԴ𣬺úõһЩ¡֮⣬ԴԭΪǵȻܲǲܷȴһˮݷï֮أؼû˺һˮݡ
@@˾ХĵͷŵϵɳĬɫΪء
@@ڸԴԭ棬ǺĿڸԴԭɱҲʹúĿȺףǺǣϾ˼ʹһԭͬʱʵ㣬һٽĿ£ʱԭǵƿ֮У˾Х˵
@@ɽͷж¶˼֮״
@@ͬʱԶҪΪʺϷأʹӳǹҲõεҪӳһսʱľ˵ҪǣԶԭһ黺أҲԭóŦȴû˽һصĿȨܹƿԶô͵һԴԴϵĺ󷽱֤ٺ٣Х죬㹻Ĳһ㡭
@@ľĻ˾Х캩һЦҲ˵ľ˵ӳҶԶñΪ̫ͨðȻñôпܻʹ۹ᣬǾҪ飡
@@ţ֮˾Х˵ͷͻȻڶľͿ˵Զ˷ذɣ
@@Цˣ˵ͷҡҡͷЦ磬ռԶģһȺ񣬺Ǻǣ˵һ㣬ҲһȺƦǾڰѳԶЩ˵ı⣬ϵĶԵص˵ѣѾ˶Զֹһ㣬갮ӦΪģ
@@ᵽ֣갮ң˵ͷЦŶ˾Х˵ѽ磬ԶУӣԭԶһռԶΪΪǶԴĶѽ
@@ţԭѽ˾Х˼ĵ˵ͷûпڡ
@@ľ˵˵ԶȻνĻţһȺں֮ڣΪǣХҪԶǺǣηʱڿԽԶƣеĵֿ
@@˾ХЦˣǺǵĵͷ̧ͷ˵ҵΣɽеͷʾͬľͿ
@@ͬʱԶ󷽣зأǺǣ˿ɡԾۼ㹻Ǹ֣ũҵ۹ʥҲǰʷΪʦᳫũ𣿺ٺ٣Ҳҵ۹Ľ֮Ԫ治ǹĽǡľЦ˵
@@˾Хĵͷ¶˺ЦݡͻȻЦˣ̧ͷľͿ˵ղľ˵ռԶӳñͨݷᣬҶԶ䣬ôҲ͢ӳȻǿ󣬵вη壬͢ǣҿЩη塣Ҫ֪ͨԭҹүأȻүѾڣүʮǵϵĳʵү֮µĵڶ֣Ǻͨԣǲǻ𡭡ľΪУҲԸ͵۹ԣҲη壬οЩ˵˾ХɫԵøء
@@ɽжʱѻȸ˵ɫɵǺ˾Х뷨һԸ뿪Ԫ͢ΪС
@@ľһۿֻʮֵƽ룬Ǵ¶һĨŵЦ⣬ľʱֿһ˾Х죬ΪХܹ뵽˵еˣЦŶХ˵Ҳ뵽ˣڲ۹ΪУҪ˳۹ֻǲӳ˵Ǹҹ翹⣡
@@Ŷľô˵Ѿ˶Բߣ˾Х쿴Ųľ¶˾ϲ֮ɫľ˵ͷ˵ͨ˫УáľѾǿԿƵģ仰˵ҲһƬҡܹڴ˻һΪǵǰҪǿһ˵֮ǰȥ˵ô벢ѵõǵ֧֣Ϊ˵ǿԺͳ͢һʶģ
@@ţľ˵ĺܶԣֻ˵֮ȥ˾Хüͷʵ
@@ľЦˣ¶һĨϤĽ٥ЦݣХ죬ԴһѨ֮٩٩̸ĻһʱѵҪΪ˷𣿡
@@˾Хʱ¶Ȼɫ̧ͷſĬ
@@ǺǣɩӿͶˣХ񣬲ɵ΢΢һЦȻɩӵ㽫ˣôԸǰͨ˵˫УΪǴԶһֿ࣡
@@ãȥһʲôĵģ˾ХЦǶ˵˫УܴԶǵİ֮ܵ׹
@@ЦֻǺǺǵЦ˾Хͷֿһ۵ͼ¶һĨ⣬̧ͷʵܣʲôʱǰͨݣ
@@һ˾Х죬˵ǴûʲôķԸͶ
@@ţãǶôһҲиӦ˾Х˵һ룬Х˵Ӧǲãˣûж˿ԳԵţɴ磬ҾʹؽܹǰǳɹŹ˻š׼ҵĺϢ
@@Ǻã˾Хվſ˵ôһоͰжҵĺϢ
@@Ͷؽܹͬʱ񣬴ɽȥ
@@˵ıӰХϲɵ¶οЦݣһɽеˣ˵λֽҪæµˣǺǣ갮࣬ɢ磬أǼ˳ôʱ䣬ɳе̽Ѱҳӥ̫塢ͺǵ٣콫Ǵ³룬Ħڭĩٹܣʣʱ׼λ峤Ҳ԰²壬ٰꡣЩӺһһٹϢ̳Զؽ
@@˾Х˵֮ʱɽеֻеһϵХϷ˲Ĥ֮飬Х˵꣬Ӧ 
ͨظУ֮кվһӴµͼǰĬȻ
@@ӳ˻ؽ֮գ˾ܵעĶͬʱԿԪһߴǾ콫Ʊͽ˿ǶĿӴĵͼ¶ų˼֮ɫ
@@Уοڵľƣ֮ɫЩµĶ˵û̻شǰĵͼüͷһţ֮УӳȻ˾Σɽ˾Х죬ȴڴһս˸ͷӳȻȻ޴棻˻ӵ׳󡣱ʮ䣬Բ͡ΪհټЩǲͶ˴˿ѾεĽ山СຣɽΪ׵ʮ䣬ҲƺǶӳһôЧңʹӳͲѾƽĻһսüޣ
@@֮е˵ͷ۾˼һᣬ˵͢ҪǺķ룬ԡѾҳһ࣬ǲ֪ӦôдˣУ룬˺ӳţʤѶһƬңȺףľһ顣Ǿ֧һò⣡
@@ͻȻЦˣŵͼָڵͼƶţð죬˵֮УǲڵȵȣǺǣ˵ҳһ飬ȴǾĺ֮ءҿڲ˺ӳ˶ûע⵽˭ȶ֣˭Ϳܻʤҿǻǵȵ˵
@@Уˣ֮пЦ˵͢Ȼ˵⣬ҿʵ˼ϣͳһһͳһǲ˺ӳ˭ʤ¶ҵ۹ϣΡ
@@е˵ͷҲɵÿЦҡҡͷĽ֢ڣ۹ϣһͳһ֣ͬʱֲϣΪսɥʧǿıǲ˺ӳˣ˭սʤôһͳһȻ֣۹ϣһĵ
@@ǡ֮пУüͷһ𣬳ʵӦô죿
@@ô죿Ǻǣңȥ˭굽֮ǰǰ˾Х䣬˾ХĹ˼£ͷȥ֮ûôΡЩüĿ֮С
@@һЩͬУ֮ҲɵÿЦŵͷͬ˾ڴ㿴ңҿ㣬˭ҲȿڣֻĬĬĿЦš
@@ˣ˴Եļž֮ʱӴܽһױģˣϥ£վڿһݵ˵һˣԳпλˣ
@@֮üͷһױŭ˵ʲôСҪǣһ쵽ˣ
@@ױӦҪ˳ͻȻг˿ǽ
@@ǣ
@@е϶ʱ¶һĨЦݣ֮УǺǵЦ֮͵ܣǲ㽫ǵϡ͸ѽ֮һ㶣УЩɻ󲻽⡣
@@Һ˾ڿȺ򣡡гױ˵סԴ֮ҪһЩ
@@ױһУֿ˿֮Уһʱ䲻֪Ǻá֣֮˵ģɣ
@@ǣױ¡֮пУɻʵУʲôˣΪʲôҪ
@@ЦǺǵĿ֮УЦ˵֮Уǹ˶£Ǻǣѵˣ˾Хңһǲ϶ѾͷǸľһǽǺǣº
@@һĶͷ֮жʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫҲɵ¶һĨЦݣ㿴㿴ǺǣЩҶͷۣ˸ˣûһˡ˵üͷһ𣬿ʵУͻȻͨʲô
@@ǺǣΪӶЦЦüͷҲ΢΢һ壬ʱͻȻǰҲеɻҪ˵˾ХձɢѲҪͶ͢
@@Ǻǣ㶼֪Ͳˣ֮кǺǵЦѾˣ治Ͷˣ
@@Ҳ˵ͷ͸һĨײϲãڲ΢΢𡭡
@@ûжĹֻױ֮£һڶʮͷ߽΢΢Щ԰ףж䲽ЩḡȻ岻ʡȻˣȴ޷ס׵ķɣֻͬһ㣬˿κεЦݣ߽֮кжɵøеЩ䡣
@@ߵǰһ񣬺һȻһЦʱ崺ĸо˵ˣ
@@ǿ˵˾Х£֪ͨʲô飿֮пſʵ
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һ˫޹ǵСȻ˾Х۾ţľХĶ𣺡²˭
ǺǣľҪˣ˾Х캩һЦץס˫С֣תľϴŵЦ⣬Ŀ˾Х죬˵Х죬Ϊʲôÿһζܲµң
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˾ХǺǵЦˣְľ§ڻУһ仰Ҳ˵۹ԶšľĻУ˺ܳʱ̧֮ͷʵХ죬ʲô
ǵδɽЩҵ˵δ˾ХɫԵøأõͳ˵ľѾһˣѾ˿һˣڶûһϢ¾Ҫˣǲ＾֮ǰռԶôӭǵĽһʲôûе϶ңӥҲûаϢ˵ôһȺˣôôʧˣ᲻ᡭû˵ȥΪ˵ȥ
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ǿأôҲûаϢ˾Хг֮飬˵ľ֣Х죬ѵǵĿᱳѡ
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Ųľµɫ˾ХĬˣͷþõĳ˼ľĻţѽӦԺôֵ׷ңңΪʲôԺأ˵䣬ͻȻһͦ ҲûȵɫһֳȻϷһɾ£Ҳ˲Ϸ
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Ǹҹ磡ľɫأûп˾Х죬۾Ķʣ˵˾Хҡҡͷ˵ûܾǵĶӳҹȻƺͿǰҲᵽһֱû⡣ǰֵһᵽҲͲ֪һˣ
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վ֮УȫȻûиеԼеĲˮڽı£ѾʮֵˣǿиһŻȼһ㣬ļ١
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̶ɫһ¶һĨɱݺݵ˵̶ħҪַԶ棬̶ȻĲ
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гһ죬˾Х¶һֲм飬ĿĸŻΡȻɵ档
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ɫһ䣬ûеڣͻȻԶڴһ磬Ħڭĩ֮ȻԶƣţ̶±öѪԶ
δ䣬һΪö˵𣬡Х죬ѱռ죬ͼ֮ͽɱƣ㻹ʵʵĸͶ
ԶڣȻһɱ֮һɫսۣͬҰһԶ˷ɱˣȺ˷һ֣͸һԵĺϢһǰȺ纷ͷǳɫȻ䡭
ľһȣĦڭĩǵϴŨŨЦ⡣
˾ХЦˣһɫ԰ףȫްսĸڣ˵˵һΣеı
һ䣬ˣЩϢ˾ХųģװΪʽˣ䣬һԶɢħһ֮󹥴ԶϢΪκεķҲȷʵˣ̶ı֤֮еһʯ̷£һﲿܵԶ§֮С
ЩѾûаս⣬οѾսЩƽЩ͵Ķ֣ɫѿ˾Х죬ͻȻ䣬еʮֵĿЦһг˹̣ŽԶڴϣŴҲи֮գ
˾Х쾲Ŀɫ԰׵ĳƣ˵ƣٲͶؽԶѪɺӣӦףҾǺ㿪Ц
֪֪ͻȻ䣬ϷԾĴ˾Х죬ƾͶŻ趯ڿлһ磬һ˾Х졭
˾Хҡҡͷųƣ͸һ֮⣬ۿ׵ĳԼ˿
缲ĵ⣬ȫȻûаķһҪ˾Хͬھģ˫ͨ졭
˾Х춯ˣ׳ͬһһ㣬ڿлһĲӰһֻӰһ̽ʧ˾ХȵںƱϣ·һ㣬վںƱ֮أһ
ŵ˶ɵĿţû˳˾Хۻ˵Ķ𣺡ƣһҲһʿƽŬҲѾˣǡģֻҪ㸴˷Ҿɱһˣȥɣ
һ䣬ǸߴȻ£泯죬ȫûа˺ۣüһ߱¶ϸϸѪͬһ߰ѵֻڸղŵһ֮䣬˾Хеļս˳Ƶüģǿ͵ϣ˿ûиеʹ࣬ȻĶˡ
Ŀһ۸ˣ˾Хֽϵȡ£˿ɫͻȻһХХ𣬴Զɽ֮гǺɫս׻ףڣʱǿƣڸյȼһսϨ𡭡
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ŵ໥һۣҲ֪˭һеıڵ֮ϣĽ֮ʱһķӦ˶еıڵ棬Ȼ
վǰŵĸǽĻҲ໥һۣԵһ̾սеı˵֮ϡ
˲佫ǧеͽȦĦڭĩ˵ڣȥǵܶԺ֮мϣ䡣ͼɱ
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ľ˾Хǰϴ˷ܵЦݣХ죬ǳɹˣԭΪǻһսأ
˾Х캩ЦЦľǰõġҲϣ̫ˣҵֵܻǵˡѪѾ̫ˡ˵ţ˾Х¶һּΪĮ飬Զ
ܵ˾ХеĮ䣬ľ˵ͷͻȻ˵ôԶѾǵУһңӥϢҲǻϵģ
˾Х¶һĨЦݣĵ˵ͷ뿪ڣͻȻԶڴһʵ͹˵ԶУΪʱ磬ҪǷͬ⣡ 



 
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˾ХȥֻԶկ֮¥У߳ˣΪһ꣬һϵ͸¾ˡһƤƶɵľװƤ㳤ѥ˫ꪣ߼͸һԵ⺷֮
˾Х΢΢һ㶣һƮȻ꣬ȻͷһĲľľһĳصɫˣ¶Цݡ˾ХĶߵ˵Х죬ǴǷԶ죬̶Ȼǹ緶ӦǷǵ顣
˾Х¶Ȼɫ˿Ȼǵǰ˿կǰЩʿ˾Х죬ϸĴۣͻȻЦ˵ǽħ񣬺Ǻǣδ˾ֵ¼Ѿ׹һʵ֮ң
˾Х¶һĨЦݣ΢΢һ֣˵Ǻǣˡݺԭ꣬ܵУХҲ׹ܼХҲǻϲĽû˾Х˵꣬һֱվԣش˵ľͻȻ˵ֻǲ֪ģʲô˼
վڽĹ̶ľĻɫʱһ䣬˵˵Ů˼ҲʲôѵȲ֪ԶֻǸһУҷҲռһ룿ҪԶҲҪҷǷԸ⣡
ľһЦݣ˿ûаŭҪ˵һԵ˾ХȻȻɫ̤ǰȻסľ˵ҲǷ̶ľ˾ХҪһս˵䣬һǿȻɢдһĪıɱ͸һɲ֮ƣʱԶĿҲɵΪ֮һ
Хһƽȴʮ̤˹̶͵֮ϣ̶ͷ׻һ㣬ɫʱһ䣬ٱǿ͵ɱһ壬Σ˾Х죬оŭӡ
˾Х죬̶֣ǲ㣬Ҫս̶㣡˵䣬ִ̽ӱȡ˫ꪣһǿʱӿϢ
̶񣡡ɫһ䣬δ֣Ȼ֪ǽΡ̶Ȼ£Ǿ˾Х֣һ㲻̶ԼҲʮֵֻǷ˾ХȻѾս̶ӦսǾʹ˹̶ӣ˼ʹսҲܾ˵ս֪棬շǱȻҪ³Թ
ʱľѾȰס˾Х죬һԣȻŽ飬˵ǺǣǼȻҪԶȻ֪Զе˵ʵǿɲΣٺ٣Ȼݺԭ޵ڽԭҪɻ֣԰Ҳ˿壬ȻʣǧˣҪҴΪʤ㼸Σ
оâһŲľð죬ͻȻЦ͹ǣ鲻ſ֮սʤǻıǺǣҽսǡʤ룡
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ĵ˵ͷ¶һĨЦݣŲľͻȻЦ˵Ǻǣľ˵컨׹ʵҶʮֵףһɽݶҶ԰˯ǺųԶˣʵȴҪҷɫռԶһĴɣٺ١
ľЦݲģ΢΢ͷŽ飬ǺǵЦǸˣȻ˰˯֮࣬ǵҪܼ򵥣ֻҪ˳ԶɺദҪｻףȻӭҪԶưԣҲ
ľȻǸˣľĻʱЦŲľƺһʮֿЦ飬Ц˰죬ֹסЦ˵֪°ǧ˲бҷǽ 



 
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ľҪڣʱһԵ˾ХƺЩˣס˲ľŽ飬˵Ҫ֪ڳıһս˭ܡ˵սʤȴػӰҵսٺ٣˾ХҲһݺԭֶΣ
ɫȻһ䣬Ŀ˾Х죬þòð죬ͻȻŤͷԹ̶˵̶ҷ˳Զ汾һͬתɽկ
һֱĬĹ̶ԾĿŽ飬û뵽˵вɵԻ󲻽⣬ʧг
ִ˹̶Ļ˾Х죬ޱȣ˾Х죬ҽ鲻򣬶Ҵ˴ǰ֮ʱҸϸҲΪУƾһ仰ҶҪʶһֶΣ˾Х죬˳Զ㣬Ҫһ㣡
˾Х¶һĨЦݣҲش𡭡
̶̼ҷ˳Զ麮˵
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̶ɫҲɵһ䣬æ˵̶ͣ˵꣬תԶȥ
Ź̶ԶȥıӰɫ࣬˾Х죬ð˵˾Х죬˳Զ㣬ʵǳϻΥеӣھʮգʥʦǰҷկʱȻ㿴ҷǵ۷磡
˾ХһЦ˵ʮ𣿺ã˾ХȻɽݷã
˵ͷ˦ֽеĽӸ˾Х죬˵ƣʮɽկȻǰǰϣʱɽկټ
˾ХֽסƣһЦҲ˵
һ֣Ҳ׸ԣת߽ԶСıӰľüͷ˾ХߣʵХ죬ղЩçײˣ
Ťͷľ˾Х§ס磬˵ľŵΣں˵ȥˡԼҲףǷֺáҷǺӳһޣ׵ĵҵģΪǽѣ
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˾Х쾲վ§ľŤͷð˵һ볲ӥӦûۣ֮ܿҪԶһ̵ıݣｫǵ¼ңǽԼء
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˾ХĬĬĵ˵ͷľҲ㲻ףʵҲףҵڸңӦȥӦȥһ׾
ΪʲôľԾĿ˾Х졣
˾ХҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳ֪ΪʲôĸоұҪȥҲԭ򡭡
ľüͷҲ˵˾ХĻУϴ޵ãɫ̾һ
˾Х¶޵ɫĸľ㷢̧ͷԶ޾ĲԭȥϦ֮УĲԭԳһɲã֮ɫ޾Ĳ֮Уȴ͸
ľָоǽӭһµʱ˾ХͻȻ˵
ļ̌ͷһ˾Х죬ĵ˵ͷ 



 
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ӳڴϣĽһѹϣɸеޱȵĺ䡣ֺǷĵģһִڱ֮У޴ԶءԺвϵ˸ֱʡ
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ϻͻȻҪˣӳȻ׾ʲô飬ȴһԤУصСʦеĹϵ
Ȼܱҹһֱʮֵĵ͵ӲеĸȨύǲ֪ΪʲôÿεӳޱȵСʦܣͻһַĵ׵ĺӿϢӳ˵ʲôԭҲҹ̫ڹˣеЩ־塣ӳҹϳԭʦɱ˵ҹչ磬ǽ뷨֣Ĩȥ
ǣҹʵ̫ˣÿһ˶ҹʱ˴ĴָȥӳָεԴ
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ӳеĺһ飬ǾԺ¡ɽ£һв˳ӳƽ˾Σɽսۣһ˸伸벮ܵĽӴԭӲΪµĲԭ仰˵ҲӳһͲһĲԭ֮Ѿһ̬ơ
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쵰˶ȥˣҽ˰죬ôŽӳŭ˵
˳Ĭһ£˵峤ķ֮ڲκ߶˵Ϣʱ򣬲κ˴УСķԸһֱغ򡣡
ӳĳһͻȻȷʵΪе£ӻصǵܾƺҪǰ˯нһǰ̱ӵļһƻɱ
۾ӳеЩңƽһ£ʵûʲô飿
峤̨ѾȺܾˣǼ͵Ļش𣬡С˱ҪͨǱ̨˵ҪٶϢһ£ô
΢΢һӳʱе˺ܶࡣɣѾս鱻ɱӳڼң񣬵Ϊº͵Ĵֻʣ˱̨ĹеʮֵοӳæǼͳ˵쵰̨ˣΪʲô֪ͨң죬 



 
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͹Ӧת߳˷䡣ûж೤ʱ䣬һŲ̨һЦݵ߽˷䣬лһСС߹ޡ
̨죬ɣһ̨߽䣬ӳ¶Цݣ˵
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ӳЦûлش룬ʵ̨ǷѾˣ
峤ģǵļƻǺǣȻȫЧڤߣ̨Ѿǡ˵ţڲһʻٺٵЦ˵ĶӰķԸѾ˱̨£κε춯̨̽
ӳ˵ͷڴϣ۾ð˵̨սʿʧɱлΡúõĶԴĶӣҪ̫Ϊˡ
̨ɫ΢΢һ䣬¶Цݣ˵峤Ȼլ񣬱̨ˣ
ӳǺǵЦˣ̨ʲô飿
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ӳֵĿһ۱̨ǺǵЦ̨صģʲôҩǺǣⲡʲôҩκõģԼס
Ǻǣ峤ȱæ˵Ա̨ҩΣǲУ̨Ϊą̇̄ٺٵЦɶ߹ޣĳӳǰ
ӳɻĿų̋Ͻӹ߹ޣ߹޵ķڣһ䡣ԭ߹֮װһ
һ۱̨ӳӸе֣Ц˵̨⡭Ǻǣ峤ɲûкȹôһʲô˼
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ӳһų̋ðҡҡͷ˵̨ĺˣھηﵨҲԲȥѽ
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̨Цţ˵峤ð죬̨лǾפڳ⣬峤һ£ʿ̳ǣЩ϶һ򾡣
ӳЩԥϾձ̨Ʊؽʹǫ̈̄ǽ̨ʲô춯͡
ȥЩϻϼһƱػΣյľءһӳ峤֮λѱе̴áһ£̨вǽ顭
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̨Ųһ٣ŤͷĿӳ峤ʲôԸ
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ӳЦˣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷʾ̨뿪̨ٴιһת߳˷䡭
ӳų̋߳˷䣬ǺǵЦЦжʱе˺ܶ࣬߹ޣͷһȻ߹ڵϣʱƬƬƬ
Ҫ£ͻȻͣסˣһֳŴһâЦͻȻȵˣҹ磬ҹ 



 
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׻һ˰һʮգѽڡ
һƬͼžе˶ΧǰԲĽաµգ͵Ĺâƽһա
ʱչǳǻֵʱǳصȻıˣһӶ簵ҹ֮еһӻ̤˽ǡ̤ʯ̳ɵĵ·ϣһƵƽǽĹŹ졣˲䣬һŽǱ֮ɱ
ϵʿһȫһɫװ󱳸жųǹڰҹ֮Ѹٵƶ
ʲôˡһҹĸȷ˳е״պȳͼһâҹգûеĻڣͷȻշһѪӲǻ֮гǸͬһľһ㣬صˤڵ֮ϣһ졣
̤ʯ֮ϵѪˮΪҹƽһݿֲա
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׼ˣ̨һԱƫʵ
ƫǷѹ˵ķԸеĵ˵ļǰѾͿ˰ɫͷʿѾλ͵һ£
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ģǽҹֵһʮ߸ѾȫڴҶڼžۣûаķ¶ƫٴ˵
һą̂˲Գɫ˵Ȼˣôǻڵʲôɱ
ɱַһڣΧڱ̨ߵλ৵ĹһȻȻĴɢ
һХ֮𣬽ڽǵϿⷽһ֣ӽǵĴĺɱһӶӵĺɫһĳĿ꣬ʱһİŭĺһ׼ΪɣڽϿգ
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Ȼû˵ĺеĺȴԶڽʱ׹һͬҰһĺȻɢѸٵĳǵĸ䡭
ʱ䣬죬ɱϣ̨ϴŹŹֵЦݣ߶Ѫ֮ĳ֮ϡ߻ǱǰľУоһƬѪĺɫ̨۾ҲĿ
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˭ҵլԺڱı̨ʮֵ˽⽭иԱķֲǳױʵ
Ĭһ£һױ˵˴Ӱͳӳס
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ͬӳһΪĲӣıӰǲִٵӦսټ⣬սȻƿСԺеĴ֮ǰӳԡѪ賤һȺΧ롣һߴĺţͬľ޸һӶѪ֮Уİ
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̨ʲôӳֽڵأվΣԵפأŶĿı̨ŭĺȵ
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һҹҲѪţϻһϵӳԱڣȴﵽ֮ڣ
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֮ϣӳһĹԱսսڵϡһҹǵĺɱĺҵıĲҽŮĿȼշݵĵƽĺŭһȼʱġžž
ӳӵ˴ĿȵɨһȦϵˣ¶һĨЦݡ
λҹҶѾ֪ˣģǲԳϻңûйϵϣλڽܹ뱾峤ЭٴӳһջԻͣӳ˵
Ͼĵģûһе˶Ŀӳ͸޾Ŀ־֮顭
ҹƽ֮УӰͳӳսڴˣ峤ʮֵѹǾвһ˧ԴӽӳһɻԼΪһͳԭͳ̨졣̨Ϊӳͳ˧ͬʱ趽ԺִƣӳһҹΪԺͳ죬齨¾Ӱﲢ붽Ժҹͳ˧Ǻǣλ̨Ԫ˧ҹͳĺӳɵһ˵꣬ȻЦſվߵı̨ҹˡ
̨һֱͷӳҹϴЦݣһ۱̨ӳһ񡭡
ľǽǵĻָˣӳڴϣĿҹɵĴŸвɵΪԼľ̨ҹ˶ĸ֮ˣ֮以ǣƣĳ̶ֳϾְӳͿ֮

һֱʱӳҪɢʱͻȻһױææĳӳǰױӳĶ˵䣬ӳʱɫ䣬ʧ˵ʲô˾ХԶ 



 
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˾ХڸûʱǷ⡣ٵⲻǷвԶҪ
ԶϢĺܿ죬ֻʱѾԭȻ˾Σɽһܣȴʢ˾ХǿԭʵΪۺӳһսʹħ֮ÿһ˵ĶСռԶ󣬶ʱķĺܷ׷ǰΪһħķɡ
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һԵ˲ڸ߸֮ϣԭıη磬ʱҲȻ˸߸ڣҲԸƻ۵顭
ˣХ죬ǲǿǲǿҪˣľòסС¹ʵ
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˾Х˵ͷһһͷĹ飬Ц˵㿴Ƿʣ
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Цվߵ˾Хǰ˵峤ֻΪ鷢ǵǼ򵥡ʱùҹһͬǰǺǣﲻʲôսɱҹ¹˭šǰǣôվݵ£
˾Хһ㶣Ź飬ԵЩ˼ĵ˵⡭Ǹá
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˾ХʱЦտĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼʢ飬ôХͶлˣպ̣׼ʱХ콫Ϊź
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΢΢һ㶣ľеĺ⣬ʱɫһ࣬ׯصʵ֪峤кο
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˵ľͣ˻ͷſҲ¶һּΪ飬üͷ΢΢һ壬˵ţҲҪ˵ռԶǸʮֵȹ̣ӳһʱñȷʮֲҹΪԵЩ
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һ㶣Ŀľð˵Ŷ峤ʲôӦ
ХϢ֮Եʮֵƽ·Ͳµ˱Ȼ˵ĽķӦʵڹƽҸ޷Х˵һ仰ܿľɫԵЩãſ˵
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ľҡҡͷû˵Ȼҷ׷ʣһֱЦҾô·ͬѰХûжʲôһΡ
˼ĵ˵ͷͻȻʵɩӣҹŵĹ֮ʹε̸᲻
пܡľƺ˽⵽ʲôĵͷһͻȻ̧ͷſЦ˵ЩˣʱˣȻһյ׶ҿҲ˵ķ˼²⡣Хȥǻ棬ҲҪţҪҪץԶ̯˳ò˶ãǾҪñˣ
һ񣬿ľʵɩӣ˵峤Ѿ
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˾ХںƱϣɫԵʮֵƽڵһĮȻɫľ뷨Ȼ˵ǶԷǲ壬ǴĶԣлЩģϾ˴νҪԵѾڲԭϳ۰֮õķǣ
ӳһȻ۰Բԭ꣬ȴԶԶη塣ԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ʮӳһսѾ˵һУڵӳѾǵų۳׻ƴ½ӳݵȨĸʴѾӳһ峹׵ʧȥ˲ԭĵλǷȴͬʼսڲԭϵĲɱʼձ˹һݺ¡οǵ׾һӵ񻰵
һ˾ХͻȻеһֽţ߳ħ֮󣬴ûйĸоŤͷ˿󹢽İӣ˾Хʮֵĳء
ƺܵ˾ХеĲХߣʵ峤ƺЩѽ
˾ХЦЦֿ˿ǰĹ̶̹ϵЦЦ˵׾۰Բԭʮ꣬·ʮ˿ɵСҲ㲻֪顣ﳤ󣬴С˵׾εҵ֣֮ǿѾɼһߡڣҽҪ˵Ҳ£ȻЩš
΢΢һ㶣˿˾Х죬ֿ˿ǰĹ̶ıɻΪ˾Хڵ֮ǰֵǿ
Ǻǣ˲ζԶֵ𾴡׾ܳ۽ԭ˶꣬Ȼı졣˾Хžǽţûʲôö˵ģ˴λʧܣսУХҲаԹԡǣŹţȴӰҵĶ־ĶԣҴ˿̼ΪκĽ֣˾Х쿴Ź飬ɵôЦˬʵĶԹ˵ϲɵ¶һּ͵顣
ħˣģǺǣ˴ǰްĶ⣡ǰĹ̶˾ХĻɵҲһˬʵЦ˾ХЦ˵
˾ХЦЦûнŹ̶Ļ˵ȥֻһĺƵԴһХŶԹ̶˵̶ȥ֪Ҫߵʲôʱ̫ҪɽˣǻǸһ̣Ҫõˣ
̶˵ͷȻħ˵ǾǱһȣ˭ȵΣɽڣ˵䣬ߵʮʿһ֣ʿʱ
˾Х쿴˿飬ֻ¶˵ЦݣͷХҲƴǣЦã̶ôһȡǺǣҾͲˣΪҿµĺǷ¡
ǸȻǿѰƥȣ̶ХĻǵ裬ˬһЦǾͿʼɣ̶ǰ·һˣ˵ţһµսսһ˻һȷɳ۶ȥʮʿ棬˹̳
˾Х쿴һ۹飬΢΢һЦХҹŵİͬХս˻䣬̶˼׷ȥǰƥսڣȴ˿ңɱԭȵĶΣһ̤Ǽʽͬڣʮֵ׳ۡ
˾Х쿴żǰеˣǺǵһЦ˫һкƵĸЦƣҲϰɣСǣ
ƺХ컰еĺ⣬̧ͷ췢һĺУ΢ȻͬһĨɫһ㣬ŵ漱жȥգ֮ʧӰ٣ 



 
 弯 ڶʮһ

һϦӳ£ԼһٷĹ˾Σɽǰ̶סսŤͷһвɵ΢΢һֻ˾ХİӲĸԶνգ˿ɢңʮӣȴԭΪǳƽıԣȴû뵽˵Ľ̶ɵµһݹ
̶ǻҪòܵʱһֱڹ̶ߵ˾Х˹̶˼·ʵ
̶תͷһ˾Х죬ɫЩŹֵĻصɴ˽ɽʱͿԵˣ
Ȼˣô·ɣ˾Х΢΢һЦ˵̶Ҳٶ˵һ߽ľΣɽ
ɫİΣɽһɭļžڰ֮С̶Ҳûƻʶ;Ĵ˴ھʮɽ·֮ϡһҲ˵̤ɽϵʯӣսʱ֮ɽҰǵĺУԳһɭ죡
峤կû뵽˵أҲ֪н˶೤ʱ䣬۵ɽ·ƵЩͷתĹ˾Хߣ˵û˴·⻹ǻ·
˾Х˵ͷѹ˵ݺԭ꣬ûȻ֪ǲΣɽȴûܹҵټ˵ѨءΣɽɽ´˲У˿κεĺۼһֱ룬ҽ֮ʱǵЩҲͲıܡ˵ţ̾Ϣһ
峤˾Х컰е֮⣬˿̵룬Ľһȴ֪ε˵
Ǻǣʧ̬ˣ˾ХЦˣЦгΣӾΣɽ֮ʱ֡ľ˵Ǹ֮٣ǵ棬Ҳơɽһսֵ񻹺Һúõ˵Ц
ĬȻˣ˺þã˵峤ˡ񡣼ǵǧǰʥһԣ˹ȥľ͹ȥˣ峤ҪŵֵֵܿĻȥѾȥ˰Ϣ
˾ХڵȻһâŹ飬ͻȻЦˣлˣХһʧģ
ҲЦˣҪӦ𣬾ǰ·Ĺ̶ͻȻڽеǵˣĻ˾Х첻ɵһĺƵԴȻͣס˽Ų
ھΣɽԾɽ֮У۷Ȼεضס˵ȥ·ɽţɽգɫȻȴ޷ǰĵ·Ŀüͷɵýһ𣬿еţһ֮أ
һԵ˾ХУҲһҲֱķӦе˴˴ƵĹ죬ȴ˵һȻ¹򹢽̵ʲô֮أ
˾Хʻæ΢΢Ƿ˵峤˴ҪѹʺϼأҲڷм䲻˵˴ǡխɽҪתԴģñ
˾ХϸĴһܵĵƣɵĵ˵ͷ˵ԭ꣬治ʹȻɽկλѡǷһ˼
鿴һһԾ˵Ĺ̶Ȼ˵峤Ͼ͵ηΪ쾮ݡΡ޺϶Ҫƣͳ֮ء˴ӪΣռ˾ݺ϶Ҫơǧǰʥµԣ֮أ֮ؽȥ֮Ҫڴ˹ᣬǺǣǵѰ·
˾Х쾲ŹĻüͷڲ֮һɫ˼ð죬ͻȻЦһչԹ̶˵̶ȻѾˣô·ͨ
һֱһԾ˾ХԻĹ̶˿ͻȻǽ˾ХߣòĹۿ˾ХĻһּΪֵĿ⿴һ۹飬ȻڷһƳХХٴ룬ߵͲͬХͬʱ֮ҲͻȻһХХǰɵһֻǰɽ֮ͻȻĻѣ糤ߣֱɽڻӳ֮£һɽ·˵ǰ
һЩ˾Хˣ̶¶һĨЦݣֳ˵ħˣ룡
˾ХڳԾͻȻֵɽ·̶ĻҲһ֣л˵꣬Ҳһк̤Ĳ㣬ɽȥ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

һߣ˾Хһϸϸɽ·ߣɽ·ǱɽӲݸǣʹڹ֮߳ʱҲѷ֡ɽ·ߵĴ֮УӰӰ㿵ĿԿںڰ֮УҹɫΪһ壬ǱɭĹ֣ȫȻټ˾Х첻ɵðԵͷǹȻѰٶȫȻһѵصģ֮ӳپҲ˿
˾Хʵ֮ʱɽ֮ȻһХХͬƽʮͻȻȫްﱻ羪װХţʱĻխɽϲͣ˻
ʿҹŵľȻǶǵХҲһң漴Ѹٽﰲϰγâ֡խɽ϶ʱһɱ֮ʿͬʱХХ׳δѹסǾװХȴҲǴĻսľţ
˾Хüͷ΢΢һ壬ХвɵһХͻȻʱȴһֹŹֵ˺ХԽӿϡµХ೤˿ƣԳХ֮İȻХ⣬ȴѽ޷ֵ
ваԥ˾Х쳤ХХԻ룬ХȻһµĺҲͬʱĺصɽ䣬ңȴƶ˾ХХ糱ˮӿʱɽ֮ϵİ￪ʼɧɽҲʼɧ֮
źǹŹֵĺУ˾Х쳤ХϣɽХ㿹ԼʱɽХȻϢֹΣɽٴλظһԵļž̶ɫ԰ף˾ХХǵɢɵÿ˾Хһۣ͸һֱ֮ɫЩ̶˾Хǰ˵ħˣӭˣ
˵ţɽһָͼɽƻȻʢӰӳɽߡ˾ХɽֻɽƮӰֻ˲乤ͳǰ
ħȻ鴫׾ˣ

һͬһĺȻһۻӰڵƻд˾ХѮң߾ųߣ׳ɽһ͸һֺǵơ絭ٶһ˫ֻ֮ϴŵЦݣ˲˾Хǰ΢΢֣˵½׾
˳֮ʱ˾ХȻƮȻ׿ɽ֮ϡǰˣôҲ޷ʹϰĹϵһĶţһȴǵ͵֮ʿǳ۳Ҳԭķ죿ǱǴ˵һĽ׾˾ХôҲ޷ǰ֮˺ԼԺеĽ׾һ𡣿ǣ֪ΪΣ˾Х쿴ǰ֮ˣȴɵһһݵиоȻ
ûʱ˼˾Хæ΢΢Ƿ˵˾Х죡
ûǱˣ׾ϸĴ˾Х켸ۣȻĿɨһҲѾĹ飬ȻĿ˾Хĺϡжʱʢǿϲ֮ɫεı¶ϡ
ãã׾˵Ҳ֪˵˾Х죬˵ХĺơͷЦҲ˵һץס˾Х֣Ц˵ǻɽկ˵˵ţһĺƵԴƾȻ˳ĵ˻һХ̤鲽ɽȥ
˾Хеľֱ޷ݡԽ׾֮ȫ䱸ȴû뵽׾ǿһץȻ޴ɶ㣬·Լ͵˽׾һ㣬һץȻ˾Хף׾־εĸ߾еԾǣƽߵֵһŭѵĺƣ·˿Խ׾ûаķ˳ģХ֮һμΡ
Щհף˾ХЩĸŽ׾߽Ǵɽΰɽկ֮УİҲĸǵɽկеĴǰͣ˽Ų
һȥΪֵɽկյկгǴһ⣬ҲκεķᡣɽկߴΧǽƽ̨վżѲߵɽկڣ֮⣬կްӰԭɽկ֮ķǲڷ·ƾʧһ㡣˾Х죬Ž׾߽˴֮С 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

֮дʱʮˣÿΧһȦмһϵֻĽƷȫ͵֮̿ϣ̵죬һŨ㡣߿ǽɽľ̳ӣÿһ˶ϯض˾Хͽ׾߽֮ʱеĿһ˲ȫ˾Хϡ
λǽӳֵûͷħӥ˾Х죡߽׾ˬʵĴЦԵ˽ܵȻתͷ˾ХЦ˵ﲻҪأҪɽկеͷǶҪ㣬Ѿܳʱˣ˵ţ˾Хߵڴеλߵߣ˵ѽƤҵıϣȳԷ
һ׳˶ŮūƤıϡ˾ХʱףϮǧĴͳ𱰻ֵʮһǷǵȨ׾λ֮λѾǰһ֮˾ХҲл˽׾ߡ
׾¶һĨЦ⣬һߵߣλ΢΢ĵ˵ͷѾˣ򿾵ǻȳԣ׾ЦŶ˾Х˵
˾Х쿴һ֮̿ϵȫֻƤѾ̵ðͣȴʱپƿ²ô򵥵ķ֣ǰʽȫȻǧһִͳӳȨ֮Ѿʧڲԭˡ
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ãӣ׾зųȲɵӥࢴ˵Ѫ⣬Ǻӣ˵ţЦҲһڽ˿ߵߣϲɵ¶Ц⡣
ʱеһȺǵͷǣ룬˾Хƣкֳ֮һƬ
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˾Х죬ѾԶ֪ܷ£кδ㣿˾ХҾƣʵ
ʱаеĿ˲䶼ע˾Хϡ׾Ҳ˵ֻǾĿǰʯȦе̿ǸһĨЦ⡭
ѾʮҾƵ˾Х˿̾ƾӿʻɵͷЦҲվŽ飬˵ȥĩӳϻǯһսȫ侫ʱΪӢ飬˾Х췢ģҪս°ܣȴĵ֮ģ˾ХһϢд棬ؽҪս׷ɡ
¶һĨЦݣٺٵЦħд׳־գһʣҪս𣬵
ͳһ壡˾Х첻˼ѿڶ屾һңΪҪͣŽᣬ˭֣
˻һʱ֮ɧѡ׾̧ͷŴ˿ѾЩϵ˾Х죬˸⡣
鲻ɵЦħ˾Х죬ѵ㻹Ϊ񣿾Σɽܣ²˰ܱͳһ壬ƾ˵ɢ£ƾԶǵ֮أ
ŽЦ֮ҲһƬЦ˾Хɫƽ˿ŭɫŽ飬˵°ܣʿδ䡣࣬ȴǺжȻֻԶ֮أ֮ԭƮս죡ģһʹǡ
ģٺ٣˾Х죬кεºڴηŴ˾ԣЦֹ˾ХĻ
˾ХЦˣûʲô£ȴҹΪУûʲô£ҲɱӳδܣʹΣɽǰܣͬҲӳһɨءҲҪһͷڹһӳһķâҴ˾Хûбģе˲İǺǻѪ㹻ˣ
㡭ŭڴ֮еҲɵ¶ŭɫǶվŭ˾Х죬жʱһŨĻҩζ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

ˣʱһֱĬĽ׾ʱڵʲôǵĴ֮£
£е˶ʵϵŭɫȴ˵Ǵʱ顣׾վ˾ХʱеһĪѹԽ׾Ϸвɵһ
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˾Хη壬Ž׾˵죬һܼ򵥣ԶֻһʼҵһҪռ캣Ŀѵ¶մǧƿУ
¶մ׾üë΢΢һʵ
˾Х˵ͷ¶մҲԴԭĿҳһţ¶մȺףʮಿ໥µ¶մǺʱ򣡡
ٺ٣¶մҵȻסǺĿȻҲȴʵڡĿƾԶ¡ٺ٣˵Ҫõ¶մӳһͲһͬҲԵ¶մƾʲôǵ¶մ׾ϴŵЦݣʵ
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׾˸žϲĹâĿ˾Х죬ͻȻ䷢Ц˶˵һج֪çнȫ⣬Ҫ˵ǶϹۣķâڽ֮Уٺ٣׾ޣĺܺã
ǽ׾֮еˣҲͷǳҩζĽղɵһ
׾ͻȻһת˾Х죬Ц˵˵Ĳֻǲ֪ܲҺ֪жսºĿɲǼ򵥵˵˵ܹģ׾ԳڣʱٴɧͷǶʱзŹ⣬ԵüΪǡ
˾Хһһ۽׾΢΢һЦ˵սΣХ첻ۣǺǣԼ˵ɣ
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˾ХްԥٺٵһЦ˵ХԸ
ã˵ϸ׾Цתߵλ֮ϣ˵˰ӣ̶˵൱סǻ˵ϹأսҺ뿴°֮󣬾Щʲôʵ뺣Ŀƴ
˾Хɫƽ糣˵ͷ˵Ȼ˵ХҲ
һ磬ǰսۡǺǣҷɣ֮⣬ɢҪʤҵô˵Σ׾ЦŶ˾Х˵
˾Х΢˼⣬˫һģӦ飡
ãȻˣǽվͷſΪħӷ磡׾룬˵
˾ХɣҲ룬
һپһֱȵʱֱ֣ȵúصĺȺУ˾Х췽ҲмĽ׾ǣ׳˶ŮūĴ֮£߳˴ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

ɪȺɽ֮и䡣˾Х챻һЩجĴԶʱ࣬ŮūĽŲ˳ɽկʯ̳ɵĵ·˺ɽ
ǲڵϰѰ䲻ͬǲס֮УǾ͵ȡģźɽɽҽҤҤԭҤݣȴΪ̺ΡԾסݵνѰҤһεİʹǷɽկƣƾЩεİɿԴݵĺľΣȺɽ
˾ХһϸϸĴǲںկãһ߸Ůū˰ںկһտ֮صӪء߽ʱµţƤʣ˾ХȽŮūȥȻױڴ֮кͽ׾ĶԻ˹顣
˫֮˷ܵķŹ⣬һ飬ְµ鳤ʲϸһ˾ХҲ˵ֻǾŹ˵ĶԻɫ֮á
ϣѾʱ֣ѾԷǹ˴ż˵˷߳ţƤʣ˾ХЩƣоϣϸ˼Ǵկ֮顣
ǺƶԽ׾˳Хеޱȵ֡ƳԼľ֮⣬κ߽ʮֵľ裬Ҫ˵ȥΪʲôԽ׾˵˳ӣУ׾˵ЩҲ˾Х޷ŷϾ׾˵׳־Ѿڣôܹ۳ҲԭΪν׾֪°ܣȴѡ˾ХԭһⲻͣĲ˾ХԺУ޷ƽ
գӦ˵ǽյսֽ֮ʲôľ棿˾ХезǴկ򵥣
ʣ˾ХľƾӿнĻجĽ˳֮С
̫ɽͷľΣȺɽۻףûз磬û˪ûڼ֮ѵõ 
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׾ݳ࣬վڵǰĸ̨֮ϣһߵ˾Х죬ʵǾΣ
˾Хɫƽһ̨µķ΢΢һЦ׳ӳҲˡ
ӳͬǱͬˣļͳ¡ѵϧ׾Ȼ˸âҧ˵Ѫսҹţӳ󵹸꣬λᱻңٺ٣ӳ
˾Хûлش˿׾˵죬ôǿԿʼˣ
׾ĵ˵ͷ˾ХڳХ˾ХХ𣬴ǰկӿ֮һ쭰ضһӭĺɫս죬֣ǹȴ˸⣬ǹİӵս졣һɫɫսһɫɫףڿտɽ֮ϣһźѹƻǧ
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֮䣬ӷɳ۵̨֮£һȣ̨ǰǷ˾Х칧˵ǧ°峤
˾Хվ̨ϣҲ΢΢ǷȻŤͷԽ׾˵죬αԣ
ǰӳ֣׾ɫȻ䣬üͷһɫ˼˾ХʻŤͷдע˾ХΣȻת̨´˵λֵܣλǵʿҷսԣԷΪÿ˫ʮһ󣬷ǹڶʿսҷδˣԵǽԭħ£У
ˣǷӦ
׾ĵ˵ͷŤͷҪ˾Х쿪ڣͻȻ̨¹ȵ峤Ϊһ󣬺鷳
˻һǲڶʱȻڹ˵ǣʮֲվڸ̨֮ϵĽ׾һɷǽɫȻ䣬׾˼ĵ˵ͷ˾Хһۣ˵ʲô
˾Х쿴һ̨µĹ飬ĵЦЦ˵ȻˣಢҲ޲ɣ
ǹۣˡ׾˵
˾ХһЦ˽׾Ļ죬Խʿԭʿֺ¹ʬʿѵĹޣ浶ǹĲɱ
гһߣ׾ſ˾ХΣͻȻЦһúսʤ׾ݺˣ˵꣬תȵǲ棬սù濳ɱͣɢˣһ󽻷棡ʼ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

Ž׾£կǽƽ̨֮ϵţǺصĴǰķǽгһһ֧ӴӴȻɱգۼ㵽ݵصġͷĽͷ֮ϲһ֧ȻһԱͽͬʱ֮иɳʮˣһӣɰŷݵءɫƤ֮ʱȴ糤䵶װĹһ
˾Хüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ﻰԹĽҲΪ֣Ҫ֪Щ糤ʿǷмĴͳ첿ĵǲΪʿȴ˸֮СȻϮĴͳȻ䣬ȴ޷ЩڸʿȡǵһϣҹŵսӦòѷڶԷϲǡ
˾Х˼֮ʱɢʿХھ۹˶һ֮ʱȻ۾ս䵶Ӷʱгɺ졢סΡһգһһչԷʿϹ򣬶ʱݵһƬȲɻ֮
ȻʿҪԲΪԪΪݴζԱܣڵĹ˶ӣгһʮʮ󣬴󽻷档
ڷһ֮أɫս֮£һпһȣǰ֧۴װǶУȻͬսߴ۾֮ϹһɫƤףͷϴŰƤߣֻ¶ս˫ۡϵʿȫУÿһѺ˸սǵθ֣һʮɵĴƣ鵥˶սǰˣһִǹͶ̵ʿչԳһֱ׳
׾ʱ˾ХЦ׳͵ɱ󣡡
˾Хһ㶣ӽ׾Ļ֮пȻѾ֧ӵҪڣǽ׾ȴʱֿһӣƽ̨֮ϵţǺصĴ죬ǹɢһźХͬʱͲʱ䣬ɽկ֮й뺰ɱףֻҪû˺
ûͬʱǰĹһ۶ԷĳΣ¶һĨЦͺһУֻս컩һڣ˲ΪСǡڷս￰֮֮ʱͻȻߺһɱ
ɫȻ֧Ǳ۵糸һĳԷ
Ĺʮ׶󡱣סĹͬʱʮ߸ӭİɢ˵սø̨ϵĽ춼ɵһ㶣Ҫ֪·չÿʮҪǷǰһڽɱĹһսۺɢ˾ټֱɱ죡վڽ׾ߣȴʱ¶˾飬ɫЩ԰ףſķ촽£ûпڡ
ڸ̨֮۷׷֮ʱȻɱһ𡣾ڽӵе˲䣬İݴΣÿݴ׶ǰеĹ顢ֺһ׶һǡǹһʮÿʮʮţ򹢽ɱײǶͬ⵶Ĳ뷽֮Уһ飬ǹİӷָʮɱ
ĳΨDDչɢһֱĵɱ÷ǹһʱ޴Ӧͳս֮չɱֵս÷ǵʱңı˴СʮСȦӣÿһȦӶʮڷϼ䣬˲ʮ˾ȻСɱһ飬໥ϵ쳣ǹȻɱͣȴ׶ް취ɢΪս䵥ɱ£ص⣬໥ײÿΪóĵǰγһԡңս֮йǷǹһȴΧǹĹ档
ʱǹİ˶ӴȶϱڵϴϢȻܣȴһ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

ս˷ǹ֮󣬲ûԮͣפΧĹۿһδĿҲɱ׵ڸ߷ǲڣʮƶܹսʤɢֿʱø̨֮ϵķǽշǳǴݿһսȴ׵ĸǣһжǲûпܣ
˿˾ХһֱŵһΪԼˣһҲɵöҹǿɲս𾪡ǿս͵۹ͻֻĽأ
Χ۵ķǲڴ˿ϣǲΪǲһսе߳ܣͬʱǸĺȲɣΪڼ͡
ʱһĲɱǾĶǣɢﱾͷΪԳɱȫûΣҪǿзָеӭÿ׶ʮӦսԷʮˡһʲĴ£λӦ
ʱ䣬ս壬ӦΪ֮£ɢһ໥ﲢɱֿĿֻвϵĺȣս˻Ծһҳһš
ɢ˵ĲɱʹҲܹɱѵصܻɱȴȫް㻹ֵ֮£ＫٺȣгǶαáһ˻Уɢķɢ׷ˤڼӲĵ档ʧȥ˵սϵĿ˻ССսȥ
ˣɢʿȴһܣɷӵȣ
֮ǰ̶ﲻɱ˱ǾϮ֮ξȻЩɢңϲܣ
˾Х쿴һ۽׾ʱ׾ɫҲԵЩ̫ȻȻҲѾ飬ǡ
˾ХעԼ׾ɫ࣬ȴ֪˵˾ХһУתս֮йȵ飬ɱ
˾Х鲻ԥŭһɱʱеһȣͻ˸ɢʿͬ˱ʱϤѪ֮У
һʱһʱݺԭķﾹȻȫ߽⣬ɢʿɱկ֮жʱѻȸ
ףⲻǡͻȻ䣬ɫĵǰɫ˵ǡ
ס죡׾ͬɫ࣬γûпԷӵһҪ˽Ǽһҹžεսһлһ㣬Ҳûֹû뵽ǿĳɱȴ˿޷
˾ǰˣûôĽں˵׾гɱֹ˽Ĳ廰Ťͷһɫߵɫ߲Լͬĵ˵ͷ׾ȵսǰܣ˵ļɬĺկжʱһɧ
ת׾˾Х죬˵ҲԺδǧǿľôĿ޷סĽŲʤˣ
˾ХûκεĽɫת΢΢һ񣬳˵Х첻죬Х͢󹥻ԶԺХΪһǧХҪͳһ壬ѴﵽĿġɱֹɱƣХӸХġХΪҪͳһХһ˵飬Ҫ˵İͬӢۺͷʿХ켫Ϊģ
׾ɫĻָ˳ɫĿֵĿ˾Х죬ͻȻЦģ˽ǳţ̹ϣԽԽ֮е˵꣬Ťͷһˣɫһ࣬˵Ҫҷǳ㣬ġӢۣҪҷΪãôսʤң
˾Х˿壬в¶һԵ˷ܣŽ׾ð˵ХҪѧ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

˾ХĻһ䣬կ֮ٴе˶˷ˣһǼԭʮ죬һǽԭϷͷӢۣ֮ıȶֻĽ
׾ЦЦһּصǿ֮屬Ҳ˿ĶƯͬһĨһỺƻȴ˲Ϣ֮ڳС
жʱһĻ棺Уһ˷˿ǿ裬ӺŤһֽ壬һָָֽʱ·ɲ--
ּ˹ӾЧʹ˾Х첻ɵһĪĻңͬʱһԵиоȻ˵ֹĸо·ں֮ǰҲй̬
ûʱĿǣկ֮쳹ĻףҪõǣôͱҪսʤǰնĽ׾ͷ䣬˾Хûаĵ˫𣬳ڿգȽϸģƮɣֱ׾˶ȥ
еĽ׾¶һĨֵЦݣҲ˵ʲôһ˦˫֣նںް֮¹ļתֻ˲Ϣ⾰һǿ͵ķȻƽŤζ糤һĺػɨ˾Х졣û뵽׾ʹ˹ܵĹ˾Х⧲֮£ڿеӲֹס׳˶ޱȵȴͬûаֵȫ޹һۣǾضķƯ
Ȼ׾Ǻӷ֮д£Ȼأ˫Ŵ̤ش󲽶УĽŲԼϵĽʯ֮ǽʯ֮һֲҵѪɱ˲ӿկ׾ЦŲѸͼŲһһȭӻȭԾްĻ֮ƣȴӲ˾Хȫ֡
е˾Х˿ȫްĶأȴްľţƮƮͬһָ˸Ĺâָ״ƮȻһ㣬ǡڽ׾ȭͷĹǽ֮䡣˾ХһްģŽ׾ǰĲ󲻶ϵķˣ·һƬһް
׾üͷ΢΢һ壬зһţ֮˫ȭͬ糱һӿ˾Х졣ɫѾЩ԰ף˾Х챻׾һͬˮһĿҰúް㻹֮һζķȴҲǰ취һᣬƮȴ˲Ϣ֮䷴˶ϣ˫ȭ滺·ֹʯһĻƶдһǺһ罹һڰ֮𣬿ҰľӿһɲȻƽس֣ٵתĹ죬ǿǣ֮Զʮ֮ҲɵýŲġ
̳þ÷ƽϢ˾Хͽ׾˾Զ˭Ҳû˵ǴǼſԿŵһʵ˺ķ˲ٵ
կ֮ٴһһĳţеĿ⾲ݵ֮ϵˡͻȻ䣬׾Цʹ죬ʹ죬ʮˣʮ꣬ûһĳԹ˵꣬ϵЦȻֹסɫĿ˾Х죬ٺٵ˵ҽˣ
ѹ죬ХҲֶˣ˾Хϴŵ΢ЦǿѹؿڷڵѪ˵
ɫһ׾ϷЦŲ̤ƮȻ趯·򻨺һ㣬ȴһּΪȻͬһ񣬽׾ƺȫȻȴ˿Ĳɱڸߪ֮֮޸ţܲԭ͸·飬͸һԵ塭ѪëѪ״ޣ׹ģƺΪɽ±ѨǺĸƺĳ飬Ǻĸ׾ϣ˫ȭ˫ȣͬһĿ˾Х죬Ѹף磬Ϊɲ𽥸߿ӵĿѸͣһĴֱ˾Х֡
Ž׾ĸ˾Хȫľ类ѹͣȫްķӦǸŹܣǵħһԵľ塣двǿתӡ⣬𳤵ѳ֣һڼ䣬鶯ˮйذɳԶԶĻ㱲ĹХ֮ӭŽ׾Ĺ˶һ޻صƿյ˻ӵһɲǽżȴ棬֮䣬ʢþòɢ
һðĽ֮ڶ鶯ĵ֮ڽ׾˫ۣȴַŹֵĽʯ֮ײֱڶ֮ӿ˾Хη˲ֹ֮ԵפأϢͣ˿ǰâļ𳤵ֿ˿׿ȻǰĽ׾о֮ɫ
կ֮л׶ǲȸԾֹ㲻мңҲԴӷŵĽ֮п׾ȻǸʢһսʧӰʱʧǴĸ質ţǵ졣һȴԵЩƣǾվڳߣþòɫӵѿɫӵĿŶ֮еˣ¶Ϊǵɫ 



 
 弯 ڶʮ

ǺǣһԸΣ׾ɫף˾ХЦ˵˵ţ˫һڿ֮ѼΪıѽб۳ìıУǡûסֱۡǶìʵڣȴ˸һֹĹϸȥԷìȻú˾ХǼ𳤵ͬĲƳɣì֮ҲǶöСĺɫʯȻҲ˾Х쳤֮ϵıʯͬ׾ǺǵЦʮˣûܹһԸ֮վӢǺǡ
˫ַ˾ХЩѵվ˿еĳֿ˿׾еĶìЩɳƵĳ˵ХΪūͣٶ顣ˣɿеĺ죬ʮδıϣХĺ񰮣ȻˣХĲɣȴҲһյ߸裬Ի֮飡˵䣬һָȴһֱվްֿɾصĺȻһĨ΢ڲɽߣ˾ХɫԵĶ
ΣգǼ֮ѣ죡ǡƽؾףȻϾ˾Х쳤һ죬˰ĶĤݣӻ
𳤵趯˻Ƶĸ֮䣬һܼĹХ׾
ϴԼ죬ãȻǧܼ꣬ͳ̡̫Ժۡرɽ׳ʿȻʯջ๳ֺȴ顣𳤵ƾʹ׾֮ƣ˾Х㶯ϣչһοСһһĹâȻ֣һԹսֱ֮һԵĴ£Ͷźģ͵ְ˼Ĥݡ
ɫʣĺ֮䣬ˮкذĹâŸǿᾢЩ͵Ľ׾û뵽˾ХͻȻ˵ȻԼҴıɱͬȴ֮ͬ׾Ծ֮²иһϣ˫ֶì㾫ı仯ì֮ϵĺ˸칷һ˻ȥ
ϣ
һŸŶǵħȫ
˾ХëһƮ𣬽ٴڿն𡭡
ָһڳڣöȻ߿˾ХԴ˻ƵĲԻصУɶ̣һ򵱹أĪػףΪ򡣳ͻϦܳߣĥ˱Ѫɱ顭趯֮䣬۷ǿƣ˲ɻ٣̩࣬ͬɽѹ֮˻׾
ֱϢ׾Ҳ޷ֳ¶֮ɫǰ൶ںһһȴѾеްתأӲƴ֮ìʮཻӭ˾Х졣
ûеĺȻ죬˾Х쳤֮ϵĸ;׾б֮ʱȴȻһ䣬֮ᣬײԼ˾Хǿ֮ٴηڣƳǳ䣬һ㣬Х
֣绹ҡǼ֮죬ൣǧŵġ衷޾ڻ쳹ص죬ֱ£
׾ͼӭʧܣǿ˴γֱ䣬׾ν˾ХһкεȵơƫƫڵʱȻȫǣסֻӭ˾Хĳӻϡ
䣭һ徵ľ죬֮е̳裬֮䣬дżϢľӿʱڴǰĸ̨ǿҰ˺֮˲仯ɷɻƮ裬ڸ̨֮ϵڿնˡ
ս˻֮У˳ˣկ֮жʱҳһš
̳ɢȥֻ˾ХȻĵڵ棬ߵѪ˳ſڱǻղŵһ߽ԿǸ֮вԾͬǰ׾ġԸһ۵նĥȻˣжĺӣһƵ̾ϢǺӲûиʧܣۣڵȴȴΰ֮ٴβ
׾ڲᣬɫ԰ףȫްɫŵһǸͻ֮֮⣬һֹŹֵе˷ĵĪʹͲԾĿȻ̱˾Х죬ͷ£ۡһѪ˫ϥһͨһڵϡ
ףշĽ鿴˾ʧĺƾҪǰȥ
Ȼֹ˽ǰ׾˾Х죬Դ˻Ƶ˵ʵ֮кܶĲͬҪʵ룬ҪۣΣɽһսҵȫʧֵܱȥ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
ĵ˵ͷ˾Х췽ŵһѾľȫվŽ׾˵죬ˣХ롣ڸԴԭԣ֪Ƿ
ʲôԣ׾ʵ
˾Хٴ¶ǾñĺЦݣųվŬʹԼվֱ壬˸żĹâһ۴կܵˣ˻Х쵱ԣΪЩȥֵܣΪңҵֵܣ˾ХǱеһѪͶҪòԭս𣡡
Ǽڴ˻֮ʱȴһԵĸоһҪĤݵļ㣬׳ģ˸еһޱȵļʵ
־׾޵˾Х˵֪Ϊ룬Ҳᶪѵ㲻𣿡
˾Хҡҡͷ
Ȼгһ죬׾¶ׯصɫ˾ХٺٵЦ˵ĺٺ٣ҼܶһǿӲǵ֮ʱǾһһˡֻΣ
ҡҡͷƮ裬˾Хڵ¶һĨЦ⣬Ž׾ϳİ̺Ȼһ죬ֺηһԣХ쾿ǲǷĹأ˵䣬Ȼǧļ𳤵ٴֱָ̧׾
׾ЦϣìͻȻ˦ڵ棬˫ֲϵǰ仯ữɹŹֵӡеૣ֮ȻһɹŹֵ磬ߣ建ն
ڸı⻹ü׾Цϡ·˿һ㣬ϵĻûεķڿᣬ˾Хɫ˲䡭 



 
 弯 ʮ

ŽǾ˫ӡ˾Х¶һּŹֵã顣ͷױ仯ֹĽӡȴĵһĪУ
һأ˾ХδĿ͵ĿŻſ˫ֵĽ׾ֻ֮Ȼ˸ŻɫâĹǹһ裬·Ǳɳһģ˲һᡢ翵ظо
峤СģһԹսĹķ˾Хǻ㱵飬ɵôĽе˾Х񣬴ĿŽ׾˫֮ϵĹ𽥵ĻΪ״ȴްķӦ
կ֮мžе˶עŶ֮еˡȻصĴ˵Ȼǧ꣬Ǵ󲿷ֵȴǵһο׾˵֮֡Ĺȫ˴ͳѧķ룬е˸еһĪľ塣״ĻɫǷǲڣ˾Хǰڵ֮ҲΪ²⡣
ҪɾͻҵҪۣҲǴ۾׾ԵøΧȻ죬εķһ̱һĻɫâ֣ԳޱȵĹϢԭƽľΣɽ´Ҳ˲˿͵ķɳɳʯ֮佫ɽկС
ʱս˻УǴկ֮ҳһšǿڽ׾⻯ɷķУХų·Ҫػ˾ХͣƾĿ糶Ʈ֮Ļ
ա׾¶һĨΪֵЦݣ˾Хǻ壬ĵ˵ͷͻȻ䣬гĵͺһػޣᱱ塣˫׺֣磡㣬֮ݣ˳죬绯˵䣬˫֮һĹȻ֮һ˾Х졣
峤һֱ۾עųб仯Ĺ飬ĺУ𣬳򶷳ǿҰķǰγһķǽסΣӲֽ˻ȥſӵңϣӵ£ţţнеȫ֣Ҳ޷֮еΡ
ɫĹŽʵ˾Хϣûа죬˲Ϣû塣˾Хûаʹ࣬ȴ¶һֵЦݡ
С䣬绯׾ЦŨ˫֮˲Ĺ򣬷Хٴ˾Х졣
˾Хײɫâһţڡ
ˣ֮мҡ
棬⣬䡭
棬׷綯

׾˫֮âֹһ״Ĺ˾ХڣһâĽ壬˾ХϵЦԽĹ죬ɫꡣ׾ɫȻûаѪɫ԰ֽζϵĲšһ΢΢һ˫ٴĻζüӬһĺȵƣ־գɽƱ䣬ط𣡡
˫֮ĻâٴδʢĿۣڷɳʯУȴԵޱȡҲʱ˾ХȻֹõͻȻ䶯ˣ֫滺ſϴŨŨЦ⡭
âٴڣһһĳХ֮ȻƽХޱȵۻ࣬ĵ֮䡣磬ӵң̳趯ڲ񷣬ûɽХӷǵĺկ֮д˺Ϥľ޺𣬺֮д޾ĻžñĿ֣Хһ𣬷ҡֱʣ
˫Ȼ˸ֹľâҹ֮еıǡ˾ХǺЦݣ΢΢Ĺ˫İڶݡǰڶ˫֮䣬紩е˻ֵ֮ԳϢ
޼᲻ݵھΣɽ֮ŰľԻɻңʯң׷ױ飬ɴܣʸ
Ƽҫⱼ˾Х۳޴һ˸˸ʹĹ˾Хɫ꣬ڷУ˫ǰٵĽɸӡǸһĨЦ⡭
תΧۣ࣬죬⻪תѣĿ롣
У˾ХЮŷڿеĳתΧȵĿĦųɫѣĿ𻨣֨֨졣
л죡˾Хǻصڰ֮Уţ˵ջصԶľ˵ХڱȻת
ƴĹͻȻŰĿ˲࣬֫ʼָ֪˾Хۻӹ֮дȻûпӰǹ黹ϰԵĹӦ
飬ӽ𣬷㼴Ǵկ湢һͬǰԶĸǲ֪ʱĽ׾˿̵ϥڵ棬ɫԵüĻ́ͷ鸡УϴźЦݣĿ˾Х죬ҲĵЦˡ
סѾǿ͵ķ紵ϮĲ֪ĽͻȻ˽׾Ǻɵһ㶣ڸսг֣һǿ͵ķӭϮӲĽĻ˶С
飬ڽϻԶڴڼ䣬ĵǲҪĸķԸаΥҶ㣡׾Ļ£һХٴλصɽ䣬Źâ䣬ɫĻâ˲ɽۣڷɳʯ֮УȻ۶Ŀ 



 
 弯 ʮһ

Ĺ죬ȥҲͻȻ
â֮ǿҰķȻʧ٣
Ϣ䣬֮пյûһӰ˾Хͽ׾·ƾʧһ㣬ټ
ǵǺļ𳤵ͶìĲڵ棬鼸ΪղŲһξĿܿȥĿһƬҵļ
ԭɽ֮ûҽɵկǽѾȻӲĻʯѾСʯɽկĴҲˣǿ͵ķ罫˺ѳһѷ桭
Ŵͣ޷ǰľ󣡷ǽɽկյĹΪУ׾ĻﻹĶ߻صӽ쿪ʼݺԭķǽԶٳڲԭˣ
ͻȻ䣬̶ǻ̼𣬽̧ͷȥ̶ֻŻŵĴӺկߵ˽ǰݲݵʩһһ־ֵԽ˵ˣ
մӻ΢΢һЩĽһ㶣Ź̶Ǵž֮ɫףЩõĳ˵̶ʲô飿ôš
կկ̶˵
𼱣˵կôˣüͷ΢΢һ塣
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ҲЦˣһ۽飬ʵǷ֮ǰħ񣡡
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սս֮бۣݻƵĲݵѾģѪ⣬еǱڻУǸ֮󣬱ս̤ȡկһʼȴ
˻ʾֹͣŤͷߵĹЦ˵ֶʣµľҪģ
ЩԾԾԵĹһֱڵȴŲ˵ĻҲ΢΢Ƿִ̽ߵūץͨںڵǹһХսһ¸߸ڡͬʱ¹д裬ʱսһ쳹ѵȴĲͷз̶ļХŹͻҳһŵկȥ
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ЦȻֹ˴ĿңԶʣ·˹һ㣬¶˿־ɫ
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Ű̫ĹâڵӰ٣ԭһƬ֮Сɳʯ֮䣬Х˺˻ٲȻ˼ĵ

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ԼյĹ򣬷籩ͻȻʧ٣ͬʱһĹ죬˲ֹϢ
ضǱӲݣضǱˤѪģʬ壬ʿѪƥʬһѾԷֱ磡
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ŵĽе
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սһ¼žȺѻƺᵽϢսϿգɵĽиͣžսƽһŨص

ĵط־У׻һ˰һʮһյһ籩һǧδֹķ籩ϯԭǷ籩ӾΣɽ˲ǧĲԭ˳籩Ϊ硭
ⳡ籩֮УʧĪںկĲ͡塣Ȼկͨ糺ԭŻܷ籩Ϯ徫ʧȫû
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ǣԺͳ츮еĵƻ谵ҡҷ䣬ҹ羲վԵĿϵһδ򿪵żϾǸ顣
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ڻ󷨣Ҵе֪֮ȡķаԼҲδɡϧԴӲ˵Щ顣Ҳҹڴֻ̽ĵȴʱ
մǼõСõϢСѾΪǼ˵ڵķˡ꣬ȻǼУǼĴ֮УɽǼǼ͵ǼѾΪշýǼҲֶΡСȫΪûһǼ˭˿㿹⣿
ԣ磬嶯»ǴûǸ߾ͻһķܺߣȴϵ㡣ֻҪమԶģСѾӡ
һ磬뿪˶ǰϣĿƺҪжĿδط֮йءʣʱ޶࣬統ӽУԷռȻ

ҹһһĽż꣬üͷһаԵ㲻ͣС÷֮пҹչȻЩȲˣŵڿԪĻҲʮֲҪˣ뵽ҹ粻ɵһҹչĴӣҹչѾʮ꣬޷ҹչ⣬ҹչ绹̣أҹչ˵һ֮صˣ޷ҹչ˼Уߵʧȥ˼ֵʱôֻˣ
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ͻȻ䣬ҹһߵ鷿ǰַſûð죬ƺ¶˾ģ¶Цݡ
ϵŷϵȼż㻯Ľڻҽһת߳鷿

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ڽǵϣһװ޻ĸۡǵӳһ峤ӳЧ޵۹ĿڿԪ͸ľٶķܸзܣȻԶ
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ܸǰҹ̧ͷ˿ͷϸ߹ҵĴŴ洫ĺвɵЦ߽˴ţĴİûбΪͳ֮ʱס
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ҹ΢΢һЦ˵ͷӴ˵Ǻǣ˻治ѽܸзܣ
ǺǵһЦȻҹʮֵϤɫأѹ˵ͳ죬֪峤ǰһԭĸ輧һòһ㡣Ǻǣⲻеĸӵܶˣ˵ʲôҪʫԣֱ總šǰ˧֮Ǽԭ輧ľʫûϴֱǡ
꣭ҹû˵ȥָڴߣ˵ɣܹҪ˵򡭡˵ţڲһȻһͷǺǵЦˡ
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ᳵ·й䣬ҹһ䷿ǰͣ˽Ųһ˵ӳԺͳҹ˾С㣡
ھĵģûл·ûһ㡣
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һ߽ԷȻҲû뵽ҹ羹Ȼܷأһ߳ǷصĽȻʧӰྡྷȴŻķ飡
ҹɫЩɷףִ֮нǽȻԷδþȫ۽ǹ۽ȴҹľЩԲ
ľмƮȻ£͸ĴţһӰȻӡҹֻҡҷ֮£һľɫŮСհ͸Ŀ֬һļִĳ嶯΢Цʱϻḡ˵ѣǴ˿ȴһľ֮ɫ΢ɫâ䲻ʮֵԣȴҲԵʮֵڲͬİɫ½ڣڽᶶ֮䣬ȴ֡һּҹϢľ绪ϮƸһļӲҹҲ΢΢Ķ
Ů˿ҲҹЩ㶣˾Ķӣðҹ緽Żع΢΢ǷЦ˵˾СϬĹ۽
ʲôˣ˾촽ɷöܵɷˣһѭƷ㵱Щӡ
жʱ˾Ϊ˵ķӦҹٴεĿЦ˾С㣬ǶԺͳҹ磬ǰ˾СǰǣҲӭС㣡
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ҹĻ˾²ɵЦˣЦҹͳ˵Ĭͳ֮·ðȻ֣ʵЩ³çͳԭ£
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ҹʱЩʧ룬˾£ȻĿģ޷˵ͷתʵմҪСһЩ飡
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мתҹð˵ƶԺʱ䣬ڶĹͷ粻˾С㣬ӳһ١֮Ϊ̣Ҳе⡣֪۽۹һʥʣС۽ˣȻвٵ⣬һ
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ҹвɵ΢΢һ˼Ŷ飿
˾ɫϾĵ˵ͷ˵֪ͳ޷ţʵ³֮ҲǲšǾͲ·ƵĶ֮أһӤ񸾼СȺ֮ȴͳ֪ʲô
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ҹʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫæſ֣˵ʵʧ̬ͻͻ
ͳˣ²û֮⣡˾Ӭͨ죬ҲЩٵ˵Уͳ첻ſС㣬տС㣬Խ¡
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˫Ŀ˸һĨʣ˾ɬ˵δˣ
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ҹ˾µͬʱľµıηԶĸ߸֮ϣɫЩ㱡
תѾʮȸ˾ХһǰǴկİʿͷǵĽҲѾصԶʮˣ˾Хͽ׾š
ʮԶһķʱʹԶʮֵӵΰˣľǷѾ˼Щʿǻ˵ľڼרŽһӪ÷ǵפǻǧգǺãԶͲסҲ࣬ǧͻȻǰȷľе޴롭
ãͽ˵ǰľܴæʹ÷ǵʱ԰ľͷ۵ģԭһɽ졣˾Хûлʹһɽǣû˵ƽյ֮УȴȻԷʮֵĲţʲô飬ǵǻһĨɵɫɴҲ˫Ĳǿͽ鼫Ľ˫Ļѹ£Զսˡ
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ĲԭϣʱʱڣôԭһʵĻ֮СľսڿݻƵĲݵϣͷһѣΣ
ղе̫ѨһͻͻֱڵϣһԭǴˮɵøеͷΪ֮һ塣һѾݻƵӲݣɫ֮һ˿ã
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ηסľͻı仯ǣæĺͬʱҲһȣѪӥһ
սֹɫٴηһǴܸķһ֮󣬿ʼɢȥ
ѩףľ¶ЦݣԿеĽڿдһתƮƮľϡЦĸİɫëľĿһת˺࣬ôˣ
ʮ޽ôˮӥࡣֻǰɫϸ߸ڡһߣһЦľ㣬ıηȻЩҳ˴ٺ٣ҵﻹͨͨҪѽ
ľǰʱηҲѾ࣬ȻȥľЦǰͻȻץֲ֮У·ֱȡظѨֵ˲䣬ȻȴԳһƮȻ貨֮´ƮУӿǰɫģȴδһľ֮ϣޱȡ
ʱɫһ䣬ĵأƮƮȴּٵתùľĵֹһĿӣȴ׼ȷһͻɽʯ֮ϣм˵ľ㣬ҲҪˡ
ĲҪˣľȻ֣ͣζʱһԭأ·δһϴϷʵЦݣЦʵ
æͷһֺõЦݡľģҲɵЦǰ࣬ľһǰɫ裬вɵһĸ԰࣬ľ˸߸ڣڵϣþõĲ
㻹ӥ𣿡ãʵҲҪ־Ÿ磬˾ȫޣλǶЩʱŸҲ㣬Ҫǡ
ŹͽĻ𣿡ľĻ˵С࣬˵ʵչͽոҵʱҲţ
ԾĿľʧ˵ʲôҲţ
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ĵ˵ͷľĻҲͬľ뷨
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һĬ
˲ɽϣľɾĿԶãͻȻʵ㣬ʲô
ľã˵ҶιĿܴ룬磬ǣĿҪǳԶΪҪ¶մɱҪͨǡǳú֮ʱͻϮĿŸȴΪϱ֮Σ̫󣬲ȴ򡭡˵öеҾȻ޷ϡ
ǰͫȻ˸һֹĹâͻȻ˵㣬֮£²ܾġŸǶǾþɳĺȴııʿǶôױ˵ġϣ³˴֮⣬Ҳûбܹסǡԣ㣬ȰòҪ˵ʲôԾϡ⻰;ŸǵĶУǻӵġ
ľĿ࣬ޱȵ𾪣û뵽ƽ꣬ȴ˵ļʶľɵһĿ⣬´ƽΪ谮ôܣ
ûпľǾ飬ԹԵļ˵ܹ֮öŷΪȻıȴڶϣ˵ʲô޷ϵĻʹٸӵ飬һѡǲҸûмйѡ񡣽㣬֪𣬵ѪսҲķ硣ʱƴͿ缸Ǻǣ˾һ仰˶ˡһսǴúܿ࣬ȴʤˣ˾һ仰һ죬ֵзʱаԥֻ˲ǾǷȷ
ľĻȴɲǼٸнƽУľһǿ˾Х
С࣬лл㣬ˣľͻȻ˫һͷ࣬һתСƽﲻ˵ﵹ׵ĺܡţԺҪһЩ飬ǰװ׵˷Сˡ
ҪѽͻȻ䷢һҽУǰ˫۷ͣ㣬С岻ã۾ֿСѽҰɣ
УľͻȻףɫϾ˵һڣЦˣҲͷǺǵЦˡ
ҹĵĽ٣͵¹ſԪǡ
ԪַǣԵЩϣ¾ɣڳԸߵ۶ɡʵĳǽľ¥һɷ֮͸һׯء
ǰзʳе۹ĿĺֵܣˡԪΪ۶ȴָоԭеĳǳزʾ۶µĹԪзλ³ǣʱ꣬˴ܹɽɾ˽յĿԪڳǣ
Ԫ໥ڿԪԱƽԭϣפŵ۹ΪıʹÿԪǹ

ڻԻ͵Ļʳǣɭϡ
İĵƹҡҷֹеĴϣȫŮһһĻصҡҷĹߣ͸һɫʡ
Ů޳ȣ˵䣬вϵķջ̼֮ŷϵˣ͵ͦ˫ֲͣĴŮǰǷѩ׵鷿鷿˫ŤΡ
Ů˽ҧɴӱдһƼΪʹȴ¶һּΪֵ顣ˮһŤϵӭ͵Ĵ̻µͦ
ڣ˷һͳĻ˫Ů˵˫壬ҵͦƬ֮ŮͻȻſҧ˵ļϣӱзǿѹֵĺ
˷Ů˵ϣȻĴϢţþòƮһϢ
ʦ֣ԽԽˣãŮ˵ɫɴŰȻĴ⣬˿˵
˷Ů˵ߣϴһּΪ̬һŮ˵ţһߺٺٵЦ˵˳˵޲檣檲͵ٺ٣͵ϵţǱζСᣬѾͷղſǹģѵӯС㲻㣬˵ģ
ڴϣŮ˵ĳһֹ֮ɫʵ鷿ӣɫΣСɵͷǹ⻬ƽ̹С˲ɵò޵˼
˵ĻС¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ϴһ£дһ˿Թ˵һϵȷЩԶˡǺ£һŭѾδСˡ
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СʱһĨ֮ɫ¶Ц˵ֱ§ڻУǰ˫ĦǴ׳ı۰Ц˵ʦֳԴˣҲ룬СôϲǸһҷʦǰԪټĻʳСʦ㣬ްˡ˵СϲǸһ͵飿СĶߴһЩ磬㡭
˵ɫʱһ䣬ʱһѽСڻУһķ˵Сᣬʦ֡Ҳ֪Һ֮ǰϲˡֻǰʦҲֻܿ㡭ҷʦǰԪϻʦǰµĽơʼûнչҵġҲ֪ÿӦǸСӣʵίˣΪҵֻܡ˵˵¶һĨ˸֮ɫ
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˼ĵ˵ͷð˵ǰʱʦţѾǰǣһҪٶˣ
С΢΢һ̧ͷˣԾ˵ʦ˼ʦҪԸܣ
ûлش˰֮󣬵ʦɹôǼңʦ֮Уֻ½פ½ȥ꺣ϳ֮һֱѪΣ԰ôѹǼֻͻȻЩ˷ˣС˵СᣬĻͶЩڴʹЩ˵ܹʮկĻʦ˵ǽƣʱٺ١ɵЩЦ
Сĵ˵ͷ˵Сף
˵ɫʱһɣָСļͻȻٺٵЦ˵ӯǰƽԭѲӣʦ־ʹ󷢴ȱúõСһ񫣡˵ţһСѹ£һֲͣද˫壬һֻᳵ·壬촽Ĵϡ
СɫЩӵ˵ᱡȴڲ֪еһ㱡ƺ˫ħӺзһۺʹ֮
ٴαϢ֣СЩʧˡ
Ȼһʢ˲ȴϨˡжʱһƬڰֻǴصĴϢ˵Ļص
⣬ƻĽڡ 



 
  

ʮ£ǽĿУ޾ɱ֮ϯԭ
ٹ࣬¾Ҫѩ˰ɣ˾ХĺŤͷ߲еĽ׾Ц
һֱ΢˫ۣϵĽ׾˾ХĻ۾ϴŵЦ⣬˵ͷţƲͺ񣬸֮ӽĵһѩҪˣ
˾Х캩һЦ̧ͷһ谵գ״Ƴ˼ĵѽһѩҪˣ
ߣߣ·Ӧ˾ХĻƷͳУƣȴͬһ㡣׾µںƷ֮ͻȻܾͬһһ˻ǰڿն˫ڿе
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˾ХǺǵЦЦĴһºƵԴ˫΢΢гһߣƸܵ룬ЩȲˣ
峤Ѿ𣿡׾Ȼ˸âЩ˷ܵ˵
˾Х˵ͷдһ˿ˣλ֮ôʧȻһеԭɣǼȻ֮˵Х˵ʲôҲҪһԣ
峤뷨λȻ죬ҲȻЦȪ׾ĻҲһ˿˸Уȴ¶οЦݡ˵ţǰһ˾ХµĺƣǺǵЦ˵峤ﵽײͬ죬ٺ٣Ȼܲ˵˼ȻǺʹ˵еһ
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ΪʲôХڷ󣬶췢ģһҪǵ룬Ϊ룬Хʱ׼Լϣ˾ХЩʵ
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˾ХҲ˺ƣĵ˵ͷ˵Х쵹Ǽǵã
׾ڲԭ֮ϣ˾Х˵峤ҼǵСʱҵĸ߹һ仰ֶΣΪ룬񲻷ҲΪǾħֵĵĽͰɡ峤㿴֮е˫׾һͷ׶ƺҪ²һͷȴԳ̬֮Ĥݣ峤˫׾ĺ壿
˾ХƶǶĳΣȻ̧ͷԽ׾˵˵û⣬ȴֺȫȻ
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˾Х׶ʱͨ죬ʽ֮ɫ˵
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׾վ˾Хߣ۾ĶǰȼյĴ𣬴Щ˾ХʻعǺǵһЦ˾ХߣŤͷʵ峤кʾǺǣ׾֪޲ԣ
˾Х첢ûעߵĽ׾ĿĿܵĴʵǴ˴δתԺĿҲϸĿ顣ĿȻܣȴиɻХЩͷ۵ǣĿĸҲͳε¶մѾж꣬ȻҲɻڣڵ¶մлһǴ˺ĿХ캦ִܸӳһڳûǽԸܵеξ棡
׾ɫԵЩ죬ϴһ˿ŹֵЦݣһ߾˾ХĻһĵͷ˾Х콲꣬ǺǵЦˣ峤˵òĿ鷳鷳ǣԺ󡣸Ҳͳε¶մ꣬޴繦Ҳûдڵ¶մҲСġǺǣأصЩ޷ѽ
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׾Цǰ˾Хļͷ£˵峤ɹģһɹģ
˾Хϣ¶˺ЦݡǺǵЦᶨĵ˵ͷ

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Ťͷ˿Ѿ˯ȥ˾Х죬вǧͷ
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ƾ۾˾Х쿴ȥ˾ХæָڴߣʾƲҪԵĺƣڿ˾Хֻ֮Ľ˫۱ϡ
ٴߵҹ׾̸ĵطԶĸԴɣǡ˾Х컺£˼
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УһֵܽʶûаǵУȺֵ꣬ܡǵѡ·ʱѵܹǰȥЩֵûǣȥǰǰһǡ
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һǿ͵ķ趯ڲԭǷƹ죬Ż𡣸ԴƺҪ֤˾Хһ㣬ҵȼ裬ɷǾˣ׳ۣ
ѩĻ֮УȻˡѩƮ䣬˲仯ˮΣֻصʡ
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ʮһҹ֮ת䣬˾Хеޱȵİˡˮˮ飬ʣȴδ
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תųӥ˵ӥŵ˵ĲǵڹڱǿµӳһͲлǿҺĿɥڲȻңô˻£´ů֮ʱĿڲҲѾȥ򣬿¸ʤ㣡
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ѩƮ裬׻һ˰һǼΪһ꣬ԭʮĩѩ׷ɣʮȴ˿ûаͣµơϵĻѩû˳˵ϥǣԭһƬѩǣȥ˰ɫǲİɫ
վڶǵĳͷϣͬһһѩҰ׵ĺڸǣ˲䱻ڱ³ڻһӨıĺϣһһĳѩͻȻ٣Ѿ׵ϽЩֲ֮йƷδ׼ãһϵĴѩѩϼ˪轵ǱͷƽˣʹĲѡ
ĿųǰԶƮսӪ֮еĴ̣ɵüͷɻ֡
һϸĽŲûлͷѾ֪˵ݡЩӣÿʱǸС϶ʮӾͻὫõķϳͷ
Ѿǿʮˣ׸ҲĸսһֱҲĶӴӣĸɱʹһֱûгɼңֱǰںѵĴ£ȡһ¶մϵĹ¿ŮӡЩѾսڶءǰҲͼ󱻸ҲڶǣûҲԭ򣬽һֱѣԵĿȺ֮ʱѹ飬ҲǸʮĶӣ˺Ŀλá
Ǹķ֪֮ҲĿͳڶеһ⡣û뵽һĿģȻв°ܣʵ˾Х죡
뵽˾Х죬ɾЩеͷۡ˵еħ񣬽ɱҲûʲôֻǵΪԣԶԶĿһΡ˾Х죬ɵһеʿǴȥ꿪ʼӳһεսʹýɶ˾Хֶһʶ
һ˫޹ǵСķȥ˽ϵĻѩһĶ𣬡ӺܲģĪǰ˺ѶԸ𣿡
ץס˫С֣תͷƵĸϣ¶еЦݣϵĴ멣У˵ҶǸ߹㣬ô㲻Ҫͷˣôǲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڽǿĻУ˵ÿͷϼأҶЩˣҲӦѽ
캮ضǽɵͷȴɵһ˿ů⡣ĽҶ§ڻУĿٴȥ
ǲ˾ХʮҴûпı飡
ɻĵ˵ͷҶ˾Х첻Ǹ򵥵еıڸԴԭɱͿԿǸԴʵ̫죬ټϽӳ峤νսñһ֣򵥣Ĳ򵥣
Ҷɫ䣬ʮ࣬ǵһĿ佱һˣǵʵǣǲǺΣգ
ǽȴûʻմѩĳüһ𣬵֣֣Ҷסˣ̧ͷŽɣɻʵʲô֣
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мˣмˣͻȻĺתͱȵ̵׼ս
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ΪʲôҶ׷š
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ǡҶȴ֪ΪԵЩģɵ˵
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Ҷ촽˶Ҫڣʱӳ¥´Ҵ죬ǰʩ񣬡Ѿ׼׵ʱԳ뽫
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ҹĻĽˣĶҹԵĺ䡣ѩѾͣˣżƯһ˿ѩںŵıƮ衣
ǳͷһƬžʱڶǵҹʿĵ֮⣬ްϢ
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ٻɻʵӾ꣬ٿ⺮ĶҹоѵǡɵͻȻһ
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ٻһ㶣µ˵ģƺǵоԼҵĳزڣ٣һ
뵽ſڳ¥ϴ³뽫ǲǽɽڳУҲܷ뽫ڳϢһսɽͻˣ
쵰ðŴѩǰԮȻڳҹô죬ôӪ𣿡µǽʱŭŭǧͬʱһĦȭƣǼʽǲţ¾Ҫ̹ǡ
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ûе˵꣬ٻʹĻˣǾ̿ǣǽ˵ʵϡ٣ûеףЩЩ˵ţȥһڳͷʿɵһҲȥ
˳£ٻʾ⿪šصĵŻĽ䣬Ŵ򿪡³һȣ˳УǧԴԴϵĿ˶ǡ
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鷳鷳ٻվڰ³ǰ˵
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ѩƮ裬׻һ˰һǼΪһ꣬ԭʮĩѩ׷ɣʮȴ˿ûаͣµơϵĻѩû˳˵ϥǣԭһƬѩǣȥ˰ɫǲİɫ
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ĿųǰԶƮսӪ֮еĴ̣ɵüͷɻ֡
һϸĽŲûлͷѾ֪˵ݡЩӣÿʱǸС϶ʮӾͻὫõķϳͷ
Ѿǿʮˣ׸ҲĸսһֱҲĶӴӣĸɱʹһֱûгɼңֱǰںѵĴ£ȡһ¶մϵĹ¿ŮӡЩѾսڶءǰҲͼ󱻸ҲڶǣûҲԭ򣬽һֱѣԵĿȺ֮ʱѹ飬ҲǸʮĶӣ˺Ŀλá
Ǹķ֪֮ҲĿͳڶеһ⡣û뵽һĿģȻв°ܣʵ˾Х죡
뵽˾Х죬ɾЩеͷۡ˵еħ񣬽ɱҲûʲôֻǵΪԣԶԶĿһΡ˾Х죬ɵһеʿǴȥ꿪ʼӳһεսʹýɶ˾Хֶһʶ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦڽǿĻУ˵ÿͷϼأҶЩˣҲӦѽ
캮ضǽɵͷȴɵһ˿ů⡣ĽҶ§ڻУĿٴȥ
ǲ˾ХʮҴûпı飡
ɻĵ˵ͷҶ˾Х첻Ǹ򵥵еıڸԴԭɱͿԿǸԴʵ̫죬ټϽӳ峤νսñһ֣򵥣Ĳ򵥣
Ҷɫ䣬ʮ࣬ǵһĿ佱һˣǵʵǣǲǺΣգ
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мˣмˣͻȻĺתͱȵ̵׼ս
ôˣҶҲɵûˣʵɫָ࣬ԶƯ̵Ӫկ˵һһӪ
ΪʲôҶ׷š
ɳ̾һ㶼֪±ؽԼ˾Хû뵽±Ҷ֮ǰزҶǣڴӵԮ
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ǡҶȴ֪ΪԵЩģɵ˵
ǽû˵ȥһϵĴ멣§סҶЦ˵ģϣҶȻڼΪ׼þƲˣһ
Ҷ촽˶Ҫڣʱӳ¥´Ҵ죬ǰʩ񣬡Ѿ׼׵ʱԳ뽫
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ҹĻĽˣĶҹԵĺ䡣ѩѾͣˣżƯһ˿ѩںŵıƮ衣
ǳͷһƬžʱڶǵҹʿĵ֮⣬ްϢ
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ٻɻʵӾ꣬ٿ⺮ĶҹоѵǡɵͻȻһ
Žǣѣȫϳǣ̴ĺȴԳ֮ɫҪ֪ԭаǧǽɳѾ˴󲿷֣ǧˣ仰˵ĶǣͿճ죡
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뵽ſڳ¥ϴ³뽫ǲǽɽڳУҲܷ뽫ڳϢһսɽͻˣ
쵰ðŴѩǰԮȻڳҹô죬ôӪ𣿡µǽʱŭŭǧͬʱһĦȭƣǼʽǲţ¾Ҫ̹ǡ
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˽üͷ˼ð죬һԴʲ˼Ŀ˵³ֺܶ죬һʱ벻
ûе˵꣬ٻʹĻˣǾ̿ǣǽ˵ʵϡ٣ûеףЩЩ˵ţȥһڳͷʿɵһҲȥ
˳£ٻʾ⿪šصĵŻĽ䣬Ŵ򿪡³һȣ˳УǧԴԴϵĿ˶ǡ
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鷳鷳ٻվڰ³ǰ˵
ǧѸٵĽ˶ǣйɵڳ£ս˻ȴûһٻЩɻĿЩͻȻһ˿ҪڣͻȻ³һХʱֳ·ڳɢһ·ֱ¥һ·мۣһ·͵У˲佫µĶǱΧ
ٻͻı仯ˣʧŤͷĽ쿴ȥǰһɭĳ֪ʱʣĲϡ³ϴɵЦݣ˵ǺǣֵܣлˣǴڿʼأɱۣ 



 
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ļ٣ѩؿ񱼡桭
ǣѩսнΪɲͣĴߴнٶȴ˿ߡǧһԳƣ֮ɫĸڽɵ˿аķɡ
ĿӪɸӿ϶Լ뷨˾Х֮ⲻڶǣԼɽ˫ͼۡҹʱ֣ӵԮɽ˫ͻϣǴӵԮһ·ȴûյκεɧţ
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սѩмѵߣڵҹɫУǿ̤ѩ֮ص֮⣬ްԵɲͣĴߴµսһѾɵ˶ǡӣ׵ĺӣ
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ǺĿʨ߸ߵƮڳͷɲɵóһǻڼУ뵽ϵ˲һɨ⣬ȡ֮ǲõЦݡ
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ܣľͯĿͷ̣ǰĽе
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ڽڶǳ½˲֮ʱ˾ХƱϣͺ֮ϡ
ںˮԹʣд˶ı飬ڲϢȻ䣬ȴסںļˮˮӿײ졣
ͺܴ˾ХߣɫԵøࡣսһ񣬡峤Ѿ׵͵ȹմԮˣ
˾Х˵ͷҲս΢΢һЦ˵ܺãǴţǷʲô
峤ţǰɳǧԮɴţǿҲ죬ƺͻᵽɽϿȡ˵
ǧǺǣţ㳲ˣ˾ХǺǵЦϵİ̺ۺһԳһ֮ɫŤͷԶͻȻʵܣǿ˿ľͳӥǷѾɹˣ
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ģŸǶǾþɳ֮ˣһġ˴Ǳ·ĿǺǣģǺֵܴЦ˵˿û˾Хϵ֮ɫ
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ţ⵹һ鷳鲻ɵĵͷ
˾ХջĿ⣬ŤͷһЦľϾǸŮӣЩԥÿǰȥԿһֶΣҲý
ǺǣȻˣ绹ʲôܺǺǵЦʵһô絣ĵʲô
˾Х϶ʱһ㺮˪¶֮ɫ˵һǡ
ʱһԶ۶˲ͺ롣֮ս˾Хǰϥأ˵峤մƽɺӣ
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Ȼ׾˾ХھΣɽɵĹ仯ǰȴƺùȫ޷⡣ԭѾнʱ䣬ƽ˾ХһǹźЦݵͨ꣬Ȼ⣬ǹȴ˿еаĿ־塣ڣڲˣ
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ûз裡ܵԵЩ㱣ָ˾ХͺƵӰӣò㿴Ҵħһħ񣡡
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ʱѾߵսԱߣܵʻŤͷɫϾĿźܣ˵ܣסһ˵ǿ󣬾Ҳס˵ɱħǿ󣬵ڻԶԶĲͳһԭһ˵Ϸ˵ţսĿңԶɽɽͶȥ 



 
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˾ХԵЩ㱣ĵ˵ͷţǣĵľǲеĳޣܻܿһ޾ս 



 
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Х죬㲻ģҲһСӡҲһգȻᣬģľ˾Хһǳ֮ɫİο
˾ХվڶǵĳͷϣɫԵʮֵĵǣɫޱȡľİοתǿЦЦľ㲻˽ⲩܡһۿСΪĸױһȺĺӣеĳģҲ벻ʶܵʱ֮ң¶ֳޡÿūǶкƴɱÿζǴıԵ޷еĳޣ⼸һֱעÿκһЦʱɿԿصĳ޲ûϨ𣬶Ҹӵȡһֱǿѹţлᣬѹĵĳ޾ͻᱬľ޷ǽʲô
ľҲĬˣĵ˵ͷĬĬվ˾Х
תͷԶ˾Х˵ѾˣܻûϢҲ֪ڴţǱ߽еˣɽţԮ֮ҾµǰȥԮǺ²ܳ嶯
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˾Х쳤̾һȻˣЩеġַųǶ⣬ĬȻþõԶɽɽ͡
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ͷŲľ˾ХĿᣬľ֪еԾҲ֪Һǰ̫ı仯ǽ˵öԣǵĵ·ʮֵĳѻܶ࣬νǵ壬öõ㡣ҲҵıԾֻǰһֱûл¶ɡ
ֽ̽ı˾Хľţ˵Х죬ģĻǺǰһֻǴķȴХ죬Ҳϣȥı䣬Ӧñǰǿʵģее
˾Хû˵ĵ˵ͷĿٴǵԶ

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㿴ңҿ㣬ͻȻ৵ĹУһԲ
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Ĭһżѵҡҡͷ˵磬Ȼţ㳲ǧǿ£˲ء
أ˾Х˺ŵĻЩ
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ſ˿˾Хɫֿ˿ߵİ³ͺܣɵ˵Ȱ裬ɱţǧཱུ䡭
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дĳֲɿܵ˲ڹæվվڴ֮С
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˾Х첢û̻شľʻǽĿɳ֮ϡͻȻ䣬۾һ˲¶ǿҵɱ⣬ֺݺݵɳ̵һǡ
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תȥ˼ͻȻͣŲŤͷ˾Х죬ʵ磬ǲܡ
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ʱڲ֪һĹȥԽԽˣ˾ХҲԽĽǡ³ˣţȻʱƽ˾Хȴ˿ɲеһǰδеΣںĿϿա
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ڴˣ˾Х쵹ǲ̫⣬˵ԷҪǾǴ򡣵˾Х쵣ĵǣĿڲֵĲгաٹܹռţʱǳɱʹĿһִֵ
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ڴţĵ˧֨֨Ĵ˧߳һӳӡڵĽֵȻнתֿ֮ͣһ֮ۡǰ
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һӣ˵Ҿ˵粻ˡǸֲ֪Ǻʹ⣬ⲻģÿο־;ﲻһҡͻȻ䣬ͣס˻ͷΪߵİ³һ£ſٹܺͰ³Ķ棬üŪ۵ĿɫЩš
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ʱ˾Хɫޱȣ۾һۻĺܣȵ˵ѽô˵ˣղ㲻ǻ˵˵Ҫ
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СܽǴ̻壡ܼæӦ
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Ϊʲô̲סѿڶʵ
ܣĺһٴΰͷ˻ȥ͡
Ǻǣ磬סЩӵûʲôֻǲ֪絽״ңĲһܰΪԸ⣡
˾Хɫʱһ࣬ŭȵܣʲôֵܶʮڹںǰݣ˵иͬͬһҵôᡭˣѾҺˣҾҵֵа˺
磡ܺͰ³뼤ĽһͻȻЦˣһٹܣʮ˸磬㿴˵ĲɣҾ֪粻ôģ
ٹܵ˵ͷû˵
㻹ҪһЩӣΪеİն㻹Щڲڳ¶棬ֻʱίһˣ˾ХǸ˵
Ǻǣ磬Ҳ֪ЩˣȻ˵ôҾٴЩӣٹܺǺǵһЦ˵ţ˾Хһ٣磬СܾһףԼĻҵնܴչͼ
˾ХһЦСӣ˻ҵҲǵ𣿺Ǻǣֵַʲô˴ˣ˵ţӹٹܵľ룬ͷһ
ʱеܺͰ³ͬʱ˵Ŀ
ƹѮٹܽ£˾Х죬ʵ磬˵󻹻һδս
˾ХдŵЦ⣬ĵ˵ͷǺǣѽ¶մպˣҪñҲҪȵůѩڻ֮ʱǺǣǸʱٺǾս¶մ
磬Сսٹ۷Ź⣬˷ܵ˵
˾ХһЦֵܣȻģʮ֮һչأ
л磡ٹƺ˾񣬼ͷ
˵òЩȻϸ£ٺ٣Ȼ˵¶մЩ֮ٺúõʰЩµˣģɱһǲ£ҾͲɱһٸһǧһǻ£ͻȻ䣬Ĳһ仰
ܶʱӦ߾ִ˵˵ĲĿЩһ£ǻ֣ܶ;
ʲô£ٹɻĿˣʵ
Ǻǣܣ㲻Ҫ˵ЩС£ǺǣٹЩӣƽ˾ХǺǵЦ
ٹܵ˵ͷûȥ

һֱȵĸʱ֣һԵЩ⡣˾Х˾룬ֵܣ͵粻ˡǺǣҺȻظãһ·ҲЩƣˣջҪ졣㰲ĵסţʲôҪ͸ߴ磬һ쵽
ٹĵ˵ͷֿ˿ѾĺܺͰ³룬ͻȻǺǵһЦ̧ͷ˵磬СܾͲˣȥϢɣ
˾ХͿվЩҡΣǻȥˣҲϢɣ˵꣬תȥ
˷ţһӭ洵е𴵵һҡҷٹͻȻ俪ڵ磬һӲôֵܣ㹻ˡлл㣬磡
˾ХͿ嶼ɵһûгֻĵ˵ͷ߳˷䡣
˾ХͿȥķٹܵ۾Щʪˣ

ص˸У˾ХԷϢһ۾ʱѾ
һ˾Хϴһ߳˷䡣ֱ˸õĴУȴ͵˺䣬Ȼһľڴ򿪣˾Х챨Ŵţǵ
磬磬ˣͻȻ䣬Ӵ⴫һſǻֻ˫ͨ죬ɫŵĳ˽лһš
źǻŵģɫһܣŻŵʲôúõţʲôˣ
ǣǣܼ˵Щ״ε˵Ǵ粻ˣǴ粻ˡ
˾ХǺǵЦˣܣ˵𼱡Ǻǣʲô飿
ܴһ񣬡磬ʮ˸ˣ
ܳˣôˣ˾Хһæվźܼʵ
磬ʮ˸磬ʮ˸ܻû˵ڣЩʣûпڣȴѾˮ
ܣҪѽ˵˾ХŭһɫЩࡣ
ܽеŷ˧֮ϣʮ˸Ծˣ˵꣬ޡ
˾ХΣЩվȣͨһ˧֮ϣ˵ǿһ侲ʣô뿪ʱúõģôһĹ򣬾͡˵ţˮҲ˳Ȼ䡣
Ҳ֪ѽͿʮ˸ϣһҸտʼΪ˯ˣǵҺͰ³ǵʱһ仰˵ŷ֡ʮ˸߾ֻţױ˵Ҫıīܳ˵
˾ХͿ໥һۣĿǷϡð죬˾Хɬ˵
˫ֲǷţֽ򿪣˾磬磬ֵܡܳƶĸΪԭһ¶մͨҲûʲô־ֻĸһƽ첻ʮ꣬ţǵһȺƦҵ񣬽ҵĸ׼ɱҶڲݶۿĸȺ¿޺ȴûκΰ취ΪҺ£һ죬ʧȥ˼ңʧȥΨһˣӴڴԭˡ㲻ңʶ˴磬һȺֵܣһʱһĵӣڲԭˣھΣɽ԰ҲеµԭΪѾǶγޣҴˣվڴţʱȫѪҺˣֻ֣ʵ˵ʲôΪսڳֵܱǲҵĽڣҾҪ𣬾Ҫţǵˡǵ侲ԺһжѾˣȻûйңԼ֪ҷһĴ󡣴ֵǵĿУԼ֪ţǵİնʹҵ¶մЩҲԴţǻռһУҪҪ²ģϧҵçײʹһжøˡʵ׼ֻһûм磬ûкʹ˵һټҲߡڣҲûźˣ磬ֵǣˣģܲµģƴɽֵܻңһĬĬΪף
ܣûеȿ꣬˾ХѾ棬һſһѪӴˤ̻˹ȥ

ӯ԰֮ͤУ˫ָʯϵĹȡһӨѣ͵ߵŮСУĵЦ𣿡
ǲģǾôһãζȻ𵽹ȥˣһϹװŮЦ˵
ѾͷҲѧˣǺǣ޿ҲȲС𣡡ӯЦǺǵ˵˵ţֽ§ڻУǰද
ŮϷҺĴ˿Ŀӯ˵ǻҪҪһѻҪġûе˵꣬ӯѾͷ˫סһıз
ð죬˲ŷ˿Ůɨһۻ԰¶ߺ֮ɫĴһӯЦ˵ϣ𣿡
ٺ٣Ȼ𣬲ΪȲϡ˵ӯͻȻĶ˵һ䡣
Ůʱͨ죬ɬĴһӯϣû
ŮߵģӯɵôЦŮ§ڻУŭ˵ѽҴޣĴҪúõķ㣡
ŮһЦ̧ͷӯϣѽ֪ϴôأ
ţ޺úõ룡ӯҲЦˣϾǻʼҵ飬Ȼ֪ٺ٣ȥ޹ٺúõĺһ㣡
΢΢һ죬Ůӯǿʵף˵ϣ˵ѽ
Ȼ޽һлڸ֮⣬ֻϿɲҪġٺ٣ǲˣӯϴһֻЦ⣬˵
ѽŮװһ־֮ɫ˵һЦ
ӯҲЦˣͤУЦͣ

ϣʱӻ԰һ·Сܽһ̣ͤǰϥأҲ̧ͷ˵
Ǹÿ춼˵飬һҲûаϢʱ򣡡Ů¶һ˿ŭ⣬޺޵˵
ӯɫһ˵Ľ飬ү𣬸ʮһΪҵ۹롣½ȾزҪִڸ֮⣬ҪŲɣ̯飬ʮ࣬㲻ܶаĲ˵̳꣬ͤ˵˵
ǣ̵ͷӦվһ·СʧСľͷ
Ůӯһѵ·ۺɫСͷ¶ƤЦݣϲҪ֪ˡҲΪܾͻϾһ˵ЩðʧϲҪѽ
ӯ΢΢һЦŮıϹһ£˵Ѿͷ˵ûзִ硣Ǻǣ糯һд·ţȻعһ£ϾϢˡ
֪ˣŮ˵վӯһǣȻıܳͤ
ѾͷӯҡͷЦˡ
ʱӰڻ԰Ĺ֮ϣһ֮ɫļԵʮֵĴæգ֮֮ͤ⣬ӯǰϣ²ˣ
ӯһ㶣ԭϵЦݶʱˡĿĿʵ磬ʲôˣô꣬Ҵûм˻ţʲô˵ľţ
һͤȡһۣݸӯǼ͵ڸ󣬻δƱ
ӯɻĿֵЦ磬ʲô£
һɫ˵ϣֵڷǱɱˣ
ʲôӯͬĶը죬ԾĿðſ˵ܱܵɱ 



 
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³һ׻ƴ½նһɴǾӭµϲ֮СԪʳ֮ȴһơ
ĸչʳǹ¥ӹصԪϿգ͸ҵ⾳
˯еĵ۹ٹٱѣһҴææ·š⣬ӵһ˳˹ٽҹɫͣ£Ĵǻһ˯⣬߽˳
УŸɫƷĹԱͷӶ˵ͣ
ղǹ¥һ˵ӡǵ۹̫ڻʵ˼Ϊټٹٶһֹߡһ죬Ȼд·ϴνѾʮǰȻνݱʱ
ӯǻûһΡʮԪǵǼѾ顣սͻȻгŲѣæϵ˻ʳ֮С
Ƿʲô飿ǲֲ²ǽڳһɻʱͻȻƿһůĳеĹԱǲɵͬʱһ
վűߵһԱſھҪǵǰ߽ˣġġӲʻ˶С˲¶ЦݣĶ˵̫ʦ
߽֮ˣǵһƷ࣬ڸθ̫ʦš
һչ׳ˣݵӢͦԶͦıֱԵʮ־񡣼һ׺ЦݣҪ׽ĳ嶯ӯǻѡĻᣬŽСʮͽ˹УӶıһƷְ֮һżȻУõӯ谮˻һҪһҵӯʶ
ӯǸ׾ĲľһԽȵĸҵϧȴһУҪɾ˼һպ书Ʊȵ컹ѡң·棬ܡ½ܺ򼮣ҪģԿ֡
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֮ϣӯϣһɫף;òϳѪ½ڵһԣȻ
½ҲڴϣϳĴСԱǲɵöʱһ
ʱ½ѲӲɣ;ܺѣ洫֮Ӳ۴ӺХƽִ½ϣķޣ˶һѪëصԪ󣬾вҲڴϣԤʾŵ۹һ¡
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ǴţĹرա
ӯɫĻۣϣĿɨӴȺһ仰Ҳ˵һʱ䣬ǴһƬţֻдʮúʯϵĳž졣
˺ܾãӯһĻڵս׻һ˰һʮһʮգƽӲϺھصٽٽԯšʱչʱԯз죬ԯϵԯʱѾһƬ棬ƽˣѶϡ˵һֺ󣬾御
ڴϻƣͬһʯͷƽˮ棬ʱɧƽʮӾ۹֮һޱšһƽϣʮȷ˵۹ϵƽͬʱҲ޵ĺˣӯĵܵܣһѧ뻯׻ƴ½֮壬ӯ½ĲˡһˣȻ˴ɱܲ
ӯĿ䣬Ŀ絶һɨȺʱɧȻֹһӯ˵ʮһգǼʮͬʱѮڣϯʮ򣬳±
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ٽʮǧӼܼ̫ʦִڸ󣬵ޱս̫ʦڣԱҲû֪ͨ£ɺ˵
¹ðˣȻɫЩΣһЦݣ˵
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˵ӯ䣬ͻȻһŭĺڵµŻһæվӦڣ
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Ŵ˿Ѿڵ֮£ȫ΢΢˵ϢŭǷиΣ
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ּŰسһش
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֮ȿȣҲΪ֮ϷһߡǼͣȴǲ˼ӪֻӶᣬҺ޺󾢡ֻҪסôò˶ãǼ˲ң½һҵĿԣǻ˵ꡣ
ӯ˵ĻɵͷƬ̣ʵôλүǺã
Ϊ֮Ӧǲһλ͢Ա˧ǰٱޱͱüͷ
ôλүпѡ
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ѡ
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䣬ӯҲɵһ㶡һֻ½ɫأֻǾĿš
ǲ֪ǷԸΪ޷أӯŤͷʵ
ź촽һԲһţĿʵ֪̫ʦΪ˭汾ܵΣͳƽԭıأ
ʱ䣬һƬžվԵٹƺҲһЩĿ৵ȥ
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һ㶣촽һ𣬾þûпڡԸҹţΪҹźޱͬ۹ľţͬһȺǳûݵˣ޷ơ
ۿԪǣܹõҹŷ˿˵ָϴνȨˣֳɱ˧ķ粨ȷҹͳ˧˵ϴֳͬ顣뵽Щԥˡ
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Ǻǣ¹ֻǾ£βþҪʥãûаη֮ɫĿϴŵЦݡ
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ӯ֮ϣ۾ѾгһߡĶԣȻͬŵսôǼ˾ǿҲƴޡҹǿս̧ѵҲΪˡ
ϣһӯﲻɵżе
ӯڰ֣ʾҪΣվ˵ǣ̫桢̫淨һʱòþ˵òصأޱԴ飬Ҫ롣˳ɣ
˵꣬û½Ҳûţһ˦ֱ뿪
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֣㲻õŻϵʲôѵ˺ܾã½ͻȻ俪˵֪һҪΪʥ̫̫ڻʵĲ๦ѫʹеԳܡϿһ˵ûǰ˵ȥ
Цͣҡͷ˵͵ܣ˵ҺγֲףֻŴ˾ϲ⣬ʵ˳˼ǸղҲѵ»ϾѾʱһղһգصؽǵˣҲġ
½̾һû˵ʲô˿ĺȣŤͷ˵֣ǻǻȥ˵ɣ
½˼ҲɵÿЦһ˵½ܣ룡
룡½ǫõ
ӰΣͻȻЦˡЯ֣߳յĽǱ

뿪˽Ǳӯһ˾ڻʳľţϴų˼ɫӢͦһͣ½Ų̧ͷܲգ·һ˵Ҫѩˣ
ĿԪʮֹŹ֣Ľ£ȴʼղѩ䡣ѾѩǵԭԪһ궯Ϣӯһſ˫ۣͷգ·Ҫӵڻһ㡣Ķã˫۷£εҡҡͷ
Ⱦͷһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӯĳ˼ŤͷԴȥϴŲ֮ɫֻһɫ̫ε̳ڳȵһͷҴҵӯǰ˵ϣ̫ʦ鷿
üͷһ壬ӯԵЩáⲻ֮ɫֻݼţӯתۼָƽ˵Űɣһȥ
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ӯԭվһҡҡͷЦһתȥ
ʳǵ鷿޵۹ڳ֮ӼдСԱĵطΪ˷ͳ棬̫˼ʱ鷿޽ڽǱһԣֱʳš
ӯЩ߽鷿鷿еȺһ߽æվӯ˰֣ʾŲߵڴ֮ϣų˵̫ʦʲô𣿡
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ӯһ㶣ʵ̫ʦ֮У
ϣһƹѪɱźڸԺƽȴڹƽ̣͢ȻԴһ֪˳ְ֮˫ϥأ˵
ӯͷҡҡͷ֮ſ˵̫ʦȷʵҲȫίϡ۹һֱ̩񰲣ǶԴиˡڶ鶼ʮ⡣˵Ҳй̫ʵ۽۹֮ʱ˵Ȼ΢ȴɽ۹ȵۣڽ鶼δɹ޵ǻڴ˷Ĵ常¥ڽҡ޵Ĵɣ̫ʦһٺ»¥ΪеԸ⣿
Ը⣬ؽϹᣬϵΣЩ΢΢ڵϴ˵˵꣬ûվɷڵϣ˵ϣ
ӯɵЦ̫ʦôˣ㻹ʲô˵һ
ϣճ֮ϣӦóȥԺϸĻ˵ò̫̫ѵɸģ֮ڣ¾ǳڳ֮ûͨԳ⣬ðٹҲΪڸ󲻺ͣʵڲҵ۹ξðҲ̧ͷ˵
ӯɫȻһ䣬۾ſȥ˺ܾòŵ˵ţʲô˼˭˵ѵΥ̫ѵ֮ʱյ۹ͬǷѾ˵˵££ΨвϽȡǵ۹ĸ˵ѵɸģѵ˵޴𣿡
뷨ӯеŭɵûֵ̿ͷأ˵
ӯվ߶κһת˵ճϵȷЩðһؾܣѾ꣬ͻȻܷصأЩ졣ο㻰ָ漰ҹšޡҹŵ飬׵ģ˵ӯͣ߶ͻȻЦ˵յ⻹Ϊ޺ãסȷĿǰʵѡ֮أǱҪǲҪᶯ
ǳðˡæ˵
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˾ХıӰ׾Уȴ¶һɣŤͷͻȻЦ˵ֵܣȥȾưɣ

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һǿЦ˵峤֪ǲܵģ¶մİɵģǡ
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׾ߵߣԵļϡ
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˾ХЦˣ֮ǵҪ¶մҪµһ𣬲֪Ƿԣ
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ѪսٽһٽǼɾտĺպ书ӳٽޱŴСٵų⣬ѾΪޱ½ʿżտŬ
ٽޱһɢɳոܵһɽڳ͢ǲһŮӵǵ˧ʮֲ죬˫նλΥ͵Ķͳ˼ʶŮһ档Ѫξʹܱ̺ɢ֮ʱһɨ⡣
֮տ߲ݣ˼ǼսķٽսޱǿĲжǼ˵
֮ǰҪǼɽҲʮսʮܵս޵۹ʷϣʮսʮܶʼղΪ͢ģǰνܹ֮⣬һˡɴҲӯտľġ˵ʮսʮܣþеĽΪΪ۹һŵޱţй˰ܼտҪ˼Ǽ˵ľսҪپнָ
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һͯ˵û꣬տ΢΢һЦЦúֹͯס˻⡣˳ִһݹģĲɵĿţð˵տ˵Ǹɱү˻𣿡
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سˮˮļһسˮˮλȻ࣬ŴγˢϢ
˾ХƣۡɫڷƮ裬Գһۻ֮ʮԶԶ棬һ㣬࣬ȴƽ֮ơ
ƾ˼һʱ䣬ٴλָյ۷磬ͷϵǸѾʧһ˫Ի˫⣬ϿȥѰսûаķֱ𡣵ζԣԵ׳˶ࡣ
磬ȵѽ
ͻȻ䣬ͻȻ˸ȵ˾Хһһ˻ǰȻԭһתڵ档
һ˻Զеսʱҳһšϵʿտ˲佫սĻƽϢﵱȣգ˾ХǰŵĽЦ˵磬ⱦƴӴţ֮սԺ;ĲˣûϲǺǣǿܣǵܲѽ
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˾Х¶һĨЦݣŽ˵飬Ѿԣ˵ĻǶġָ֮ҷƽ죬Ҳò˶ãƾͻԳˣ
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ûлش͸ų˼ɫþò
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ǺǣɵСӣô˵ߣ˵ţ˾Хһ߿Ƴ˻һԶȥ
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ĻҳýԲͣðɢǰĻҳѾ֮صĺܣЦŶ˵ֵǣߣ

ҹĻȻ٣ǰ£ѾʱڡɴŹڿƮɢΪҹƽһ֮ܰ
С򲢲󣬴Լİٻ˼ңسˮ㴦һƽС򡣵ȴͨԪҪǾƾʷĶǺͱؾصأ򶫣ͨɽһ
Сֻһҿջģ󣬵ȴʮֵľͷдŶ֣µһꡣϸ˸еԾȻдţƽ꣬˼ιɽСꡣ
˼޵۹ڶε۾˳Ϊ޵۹ǰ󣬽ҵһʥ
˾ХҲͷһһҵҲȻȻ̫ڻʵ۵ױʣôΪµһҲû˸˵ʲô
Сʮֵ࣬һ˸еܰиСϰǸʮ׳ӣ̸ϲĽһʱͣ
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˾Хûлشֻͷκ˵ֵܣ뾩ҪһСķ粨ˣ
ɫԵЩأͻȻҲ֪Ӧλش˾ХĻֻûпڡ
СжʱһּϢļžţƺЩеѹ֣˾ХͻȻվٲߵǰķŴ򿪣ԺС
飬ҪˣĬһ˾Х̧ͷҹգûעӽĽ飬˵
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Ĳûֹͣ˾ХĬþã˵ôҲ 



 
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˵˭黹û˾ХĻʵ
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˵֣˾Х촽ɫ粻Ҳסˣ˾ХͻȻ˵磬Ҫȥ
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˵꣬˾Хתȥһһ߳˵飬ɫˣϢȥɣǻҪ·
һ£ĹӦ˾ХıӰûǻ谵С

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ھ˾ХԺԶһСԺУҲһƬľڣֻҡҷͣԿеӰȻģ˾Хһۿеյľҹ硣
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һʱ䣬ֻص˾Х쾫룬ȴʮǶֳеס
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һӰȴʱ˾ХͻȻ˳гߵŹֽɢޱȣȴֽ˾Х˵ζС
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˾ХƱϣĿԶΡۻĿԪǿȥϴһ˿Цݡ
磬Ԫˣ˷ܵ˵
˾Хͷûпڡ˫ۣԶȥֻԼɼƮ죬ӭչ
һԶԪ򼲳۶գۼ˾ХǰʿǷ˾Х峤ԪٹפĴͷǰٵѾˣ˶ҪȺ򣬲׼뾩
˾Х΢΢һ㶣üͷʿɻʵô£
Ѿȥ̽飬ǰ
磬ʽҪӭʲôѽüͷ˵
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ҲǺһЦɫȻһ䣬˵磬ʲô뾩ˣȻҪĴӭӣ
֪ͷСǺǣ㿴᲻ݵүǻؾְ
̫ĴӭǽڻϳӭǣүȻ󣬵»ǣǶԵ۹͵ĳӡ
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˵䣬ֻԶɳ۶˾Хǰͣ£ȵһʿǷ˵峤µѾٵԭɡ
Ǻǣʹտûʿ˵꣬˾ХЦʵ
ʿһ㶣Ѹص峤Ӣտ 



 
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׻һ˰һʮһһգʹտؾӯĴӭտĵ裬ȴһҲܵ١
տڿԪʮﳤͤȺףصʱ˾ХҲȻӿԪϳǽ˵۶ûκ¶ݣڿԪ³һұȽƫƧĿջס£Ϣ
Ԫڴκ۹֮ĵڶ֮֮ʱԭֻǷʳֿµ۹ıҪ޵۹ĴʼڿԪңԼĻҵȵĿԪƹģСռ쿪Ԫ֮̾Ϳʼֽ³ǡķʮ⾰Ԫ³ǽ
ԭȵϳǣҪסһЩԪˣҲǵ۹ƶߡԪ³ǣڽ֮󣬵ؼ۷ǣס˴Ҫʵݵһ
˾ХڿջסһҹһЩԪĶ̬󣬵ڶһȻ뿪ջ鼸Ҳûи֪
һİĽֵߣȻѾһԭ˵Ĵ磬˾ХǸߴţ׳˶ɽݱ¶ɡڿԪû˻Щ˶µĸӣʵ˰֮Ѿ뵽ÿһԪյСҲԭ򣬿Ԫкܶľסвˡ
·ߵ̷һµ·˾Х˳ſԪǵĴֱԪϳȥڼת֮һۡǰͣ˽Ų
ǰĸۡ˿ûаݻ֮ȥЩƾɡɫԺǽ߲ƬƬǽͷϵҲȫûаĹ󣬳Ǵϵĺᣬۡȥһ˼ҵլԺ
ƾɵլԺȴ˾ХܵһĪɱɱӺζֻ֪ɱȴȫɱ⣬ûиев
լԺͷϹһңϵּҲЩģ壬ֻҵ·ԼɼС֣⡣
дŶ½֣ŷڿڡ
ǰĵģûаϢҲûаӰǰ˩׮ȥҲʮֵĳ¾ɣһƬ߲ƾɾȴ˾Х¶Ȼɫ
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ͨ½ү˵˾Х죬Яǰ
֨һһ죬һԼʮµ׳꺺ӡ´һ˾Х죬˵㣬Ǹħ񣬶Բԣ
Х죡˾Х칧˵˵ţӻȡһţ˫ַϣֽת½ү˵˾Х
˾ХĹǺĸ⡣ϴŵЦݣҼүȥԴҲ֪Ƿ㣬ԵƬ̣ҽȥͨһ£
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С˾ХŵһڿеŨҩζüͷһ壬촽䶯£ȴûпڡ
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һ仰ɳҹŵͼ˾Хȴֱĸеԭ򣬲˵ļ򵥡
֪Хǣռ֣ΪͰɣ½ƺ쵽˾Хеǣ΢΢һЦ
˾ХһȻЦЦûо׷ȥȴɵöļһڴ
үХи⣬֪ʲʣ
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˾ХסˣŸղŻȵ½һʱ侹֪˵Щʲôʣ½Ѿ֪ҪЩʲôȴ룬Ҳǲܻشһ˴뾩±Ÿ޷Ԥ֪Σ
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Բ𣡡Ȼһؤ˾Хȴ΢ЦŵǸ
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˵꣬ŲˮŴѸʧھͷ

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ؤһŶ͸еСķ֮䣬ͬĺůɵûȼκεȻůɮ۵ĺϡ
ؤĴںӵɫ͸һǿҵ֮⡣
ӣôôͻˣ˫۽գؤʵ
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˸ӣˣٺ٣ϰٺˣģ⿪Ԫһѽûȹ˵꣬ǧҶͻȻ꣬ͬһЦֹ
ӿŴ㶵ĿǧҶǰλɫĴ˿̵ķ̬֮Щ⡣λԪԺ󣬾ƺڿȴ˵ĵڼ˶ٿһڵȵˣǧҶȻֵøˡ
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ӣôˣѵ㲻ΪҸ𣿡
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ףС˵ѵһȥ𣿡ǧҶĿŹӣƺ⸱ģЩ⡣
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ǧҶɵЦϻȻһˡģӽ̸ô౾ʲô
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һ㶣ûӦǰӰһһ׳˶ĺȻǰ
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˾ХûпڣǧҶɵһ֣Ҳڡ
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Ǹʴʦδ
˾ХԽеȤʵǧҶ۾ϵ֮ɫȻȡ֮ȴһտȻɡƶɮɽ䷢ɽԷ£ 



 
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˾Х쿴ǧҶһʱԾЩհסǳˣתۼ伴ָֻٴ´ǧҶȴôҲ޷ǰȥɮɮײ׵ļһԷµĸɮϵ
ӭ˾ХĿ⣬ǧҶ̹Ȼӡ
Ŷ⺮ХŶȴůȻͬɲǼĽһȻľŸеԵùǳ
վǧҶƶһ¡ʣŶ˾ХǧҶ˵УʱȻЩ죬ûǲҪ꼰ϡ
峤Ѿ
ʱŶͻȻ䴫ŵţŶеĿһֲײϸ΢ͺܾٲ˽
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ǧҶĬˣĿ˾Х죬κͳΪֻһ˾Х죡
˾ХסˡǧҶĻشԵЩĪ⣬֪Ϊȴ仰еĺ塣һƽ̳ϵſɲʱŶС
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˾Х룬ʱǧҶüЦҲվȻˣǾ߰ɣ
˵꣬Ҳ˾ХǷ⣬һֻһץס˾Х֣˲Ŷȥ
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ΪǧҶ׼ڵϴˮǧҶ͹˾ХµСԺƫʹϴ衣˾ХԸ׼Ʋˡ
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˾ХЦЦڴϱĿԡ˼źֵܳܣǧҶǳˣ˵ٵĻҿҪһˣ
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˾Х۾źЦеʵΪΣ
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һϴ֮ǧҶϴȥһۼһ׵úĺڷ򵥵͸һֳȻ
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ƸǺǣХԸʮڵ۹ĲƸ֪ʦƾʲôأ
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һʱ䣬˾Х챻סˡ֪ӦεĻشֻĬȻָη֡
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˽ŲղڣͻȻŻһиԵŻ˾Х첻ɵЦˡ 



 
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˾ХɫֻǾĿǧҶȴĻش
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ǧҶصķϣһʹ󣬿˾ХЦʮǰƶɮԷ²ηһշɨеĲؾȴڸһ﷭һ顣ٺ٣һǧǰԯдġ׻־Ǳڲκ۹֮Ϊ飬;׻ƴ½û뵽ҾȻܹⱾ顣ٺ٣峤ǿԯ̵ֿľ档ˣ峤㲻᲻֪ԯ˭ɣ
˾Хݳ࣬ǧҶһʻȻɵ΢΢һ죬ҡס
ٺ٣ԯǴκ۹һε۾ˬʦҲǵʱʢߡҲֻܲ˵۹˽Կһ飬ٺ٣û뵽ȻҵõˣǧҶ϶ҸЦݣҲ֮ԽԽԶ
ϣ
𳤵ȻڵзһƵĵХһǿɱֱ֮ǧҶӿȥ
Ŷ⣡ǧҶæЦݣɫ˵ⱾУ¼һ񻰣ഫħʱһ񽫣λҲһͷ˫׺ʱ±һղأΪħ
˾ХͷͻȻǧҶԼҲ˵һ񻰣Ϊֺħ
ٺ٣ǱУԴʷħʱĺģͬʱһ򵥵һͨǾǱͨݷڣᾭһٳɳʱڵĺҲữκһڵ̬
˾ХͬһǧҶĽͣüͷһ۾Ϊλ˵ƾͷ
ٺ٣ƵĹһƥսӵеĹҸղŸʱҷŵ̽һ£Ȼڽȴ޷ҵݷǧңļУս֮󣬺Զݷڣǡýǧ꣡
ֻһ񻰡
ٺ٣峤ֻһ񻰣㲻˽šԭҸҵռԣóһ֮ˣû뵽峤ϾȻʮ󱦿⣬ٺ٣ݲƲʮһٸ۹ǧҶӴ˲ڹƶˣ
˾ХʱЦˣǧҶĪңΪҵĲƸӦ֪ЩƸӻģ
٣ȻסϧǧҶǷˣƽȴáһư֮绨ŮΪǧҶŲֻܳܳһԶ޷õа𣡡
˾Хͷץ𳤵ȥ
峤ҵҪ󡭡
ǧҶĺ˾Хһ٣ûлͷǵǧҶХ᲻ĺУ

Хϲ̹ϵСˣ˾Х˵ţתЦǸСˣ
˵꣬ţ߳䡣ǧҶԴ㶵վԣ˾ХıӰðͻȻЦģСˣţӿСˣ
˵ţҲЦ߳˷䡣
ʮľʵԺ䵱УȽ϶ԣӷ̧ʬ嵱Ե˺ܶ࣬Ҳࡣÿһʬֻ˺ۣһƺܣһնÿһľƺЩ˲ܷϢնһȻȴ˲ȥ
ĿԼڵѪȴǰĿ־壬κ˸еľȻеĺ˶ԵĸܵĽ٣ŤԳޱȵĿ־֮ɫ
ɫ԰ף΢΢ĲšǰЩʬ壬е֫һ䡣
һ˫ļͷŤͷһȴ˾ХȻЦվ󣬿һԲ
壬峤
ͻȻﲻڽ磬λȥޱȵ׳Ȼһ⡣
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жһů⣬ͻȻһͦأ峤ģȻûʲô£ҲجԴ̣ӸǧҶˣ
˾ХЦŵͷֲһȻпˣ
˵꣬кܴԺ߳ͻȻеһɣɵóһɳɲǣһֻٴļͷŵüһŤͷȥȴǧҶЦӯӯվ
ǧҶ磬㲻ҪӺòãˣ
ǧҶ΢΢һЦӣղŻشĺܺã򣭼ȻҪҴһҵôͺúøɰɣ
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˾Хͺ߳Ժ䣬ֻԶջȻżʮ˴ڽģ½µֵܡ
Ϊ׵㣬ԶԶ˾Х죬æӿ죬˲˾Хǰ˾峤ǰ峤Ը
֣ҵѾ˷֣ûбҪͣܷүΪХҪϣ
ƺûаԾĴ׵˾峤ү֪峤Ϯ֮һǰ£һ棬Ѿҹͨ棬˿̻ӦѾ֪峤ʦˣ
Ƕлүˣ
̧ͷһЦүҸ峤ܸܺ峤Ϊսѡ
һůʱ˾Хɫ΢΢һлүĺ񰮣
峤ǰվϢȷʺһλõĲԭ󹫾סǺǣվѾ峤ǰȥ
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Сף
ܺãȥǮһŲǣȥɣ
ջϰ岻ԥæһ񣬷ɿ¡
峤߰ɣ
㿴˾Х΢Ц˵ţһ֣Ժ䣬Ǵ
˾ХͷзһХΪĳԺ䣬ߡ㣬ݳ֣룡 



 
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Ԫڳǣ̫ʦ
ɫ̫ʦϣȻ֮ɫǲ΢΢鴤տԿеŭ
ҹ羲ŵ֣һԲʱ۽ţеЦ֪˿Ƕôֻ
⣬İڷŶʮľʬ塣ʬǲȱֲ̬ǰһ˫˫ն۾գƺ˵ʲô
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ڣ̲סһĴη֣һĵ뿪Σ˵˹ǰ
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һŽߵɫࡣƹǰʬ壬Ѹʧŵɫߺ󣬱øѿŤͷһһԵҹ磬ŭСʦܣǲǺܿģ
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һֱʼն֧˾Х죬ȴûмԷһκ˾Х棬֮ȴʱϲȥΪ׳˶ꡣ
˾Х죿
տʧеʱ˾ХҲϳտֻտӡ󲢲ֻ˴ϼһΣҲ֪Էݡ
տ׿Ȼʣķˣ˾ХԼµôһۿԪǣܹ۳ңȴֹŮˣŮ˻˵ĶˣôֻһˣǾտ
ʻȻµ˶Էݣ˾Х첢ûðʧ񣬶ǹ΢΢Ƿ˾Х죬֪ǰǡ
ʶңȻʧЦŤͷտȴտҲ¶˽ĵЦݡ
˾Х죬ҵҹţȻ֪˭Ϊϲ˾Х죬еĿЦ
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ϴž֮ɫ˾Х֣´ۣͻȻŤͷЦŶտտˣΪҺģʮڣذХ£
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˾Х̧ͷԶţεЦˡ
ˣѾͷΪХһ㣬˻ʳǺȴû飿ţҪԣǻͷҵطЦŶտ˵꣬˾Х죬ǺǣХʲôʱ򵽵ĿԪô𣿡
˾ХЦһүХ쵽ԪѾˣţǰΪľĹϵѾݼ½ԭݼүȴֲ֪οڡХ͵½ǻϻûټ
ѽħˣôôû˵½˭ҵ飿֣
ף¥ֲһˣ
ûܺ˾ХһտԵЩ̫ģһֱվһԲĻ΢΢һƲŲм֮˵
ɫȻһ䣬ڵ״һɷһץס˾Х֣Х죬صȴϣ 



 
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ĻȫȻΥǿ־һ˾Х죬ʳȥ˾Хɼǿǣ£òٲһ߸ĽŲҲɵð𾪣Ȼµһ֡
տŭҡͷ󣬴ȥ
ڣæӭǰ񣺡磡
ںδŭ⣬ʵ
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⡭
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һƲڵصһΣæֵ̿ܵǰ˵ȥ·סүȥȻûйϵ˵ţһָ˾Х죬ЦһүˡְλŶ˾峤ܽȥ
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տᣬ֮صǿɱȴľʳǵСǷĵĿ־塣֣ͬտȴӯҹοЩСС
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С㿴ңҿ㣬ӿɬЦҲ뵲ү·ǡǱסĻҲûйϵˣ
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Ťͷһ۶˾ХտͻȻһЦ˾Х߽ʳڡ
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ͻȻ䣬տһ׽ŪԷĳ嶯Ȼ˾峤֪֪ͱ˵ʱűˣһּĲò
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Х첻ҿ㣬ÿκĿӴʱХеȫֹĸоХ첻̧ͷҲ̧ͷ
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ͬһʱ̣˾Хտɵͬһ̧ͷĵĿôһ£ͨ죬תȥ
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˾峤Ǹҹ½Ѿ뾩û뵽ūžȻûͨ۵ðȺãĸʧ񣡡ӯǺǡһЦ˾Х˵
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ӯȴûеڣǾ̧ͷһ̬ԵЩֵտͻȻŤͷЦ֣տȥرŮѽ
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常տͨĽһĿȴһβĺ˾ХĿײһ滰ӲʻضУ׵ʹ
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ӯֵʻ䶼ЩͷԣֻĿ֪ʲôҩ
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ӯĿһ䣬һˣȴֶʱ
ֹˣѮֹţǰ˴֮һĿе¡鼤ĵϣտһŮö֮ĳãϣҳ˲żüãһŮӵ˴ΣЦ
ӯͻȻЦŤͷԺտֵĻ𣿿˲ѽ
ӯЦ˾Хտ߳տһơеû뵽տȻҲ⳯ϣԭڣһŵȴû뵽һֱƵ˺Ϊе̨档
տûǿе£ǰһذݵϣ뽫½ɳŮһڲҵɱ˾峤Ĵ̿ͣտԸԴ˽֮⣡
ʱȻӯ˾ХɫʱЩѿ
տαء
ϣŮҵֻ֣һ󣬵֮ǰԳŮǸտ˵ţŤͷһͨĿе¡
ӯЩˣüͷЩԥ
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һ˾Х֣жپࡣ
˾Х첻˽⣬һֲ߻δսУ˾ХĲѾɼһߡοղϳ·ϣ˾ХҲ˵еģв֮ˣ֣ҲȷĲ١֪˾ХֲʶҲŵ˰ȡ
ӯǸеģ˾Х˾٣˵վһȴǺһġ
˾峤Ը棬ȻˡǺǣ峤˴˰޾ͷ峤ΪһƷʳԣ
лϣ˾Хдϲܵóͣ͢ȻǶкôվһտȴⷢտҲڿĿһӴбͷȥ
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ʱһƬȻ
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ӯɫ΢΢һ䣬Źڣ·ҪưϿһЩʲôڣɫȴԵʮƽĿӯһԲ
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ӯ΢Цͷʾ¡ȻŹڣվȻôǲܾԵ̫СҲǲɣʵ
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ĬȻĸӯ߳ȴտĹ㳡ϰڷһ޴塣һڲڵʵʵʲôӲʱĿɲ޺пжϣʲôö
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һ󳼷ֵĽԵļʿЦ
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ӯͷŹڣͻȻЦܺãˣ
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ǣǰ޷ǱѰ۹֮еĺ֣ɱ̻˾Ͳ࣬οշЩˣ󶼲ھǣǸһôͻȻͨȥһҪڣ׿Цһʱ䣬ӯһֽѵľء
ͻȻ䣬ٹ֮дһ֪ܷ꣬óԣ
Ż˾Хٲ߳ȺɫĳѾȥ¶ľװտ˾Х·¶ĵģ
ӯһ˾Х棬ʱзġ
Ȼûм˾Х֣ȴҲ֪֮Ҳ޷շ̻ôҲֻˣ
Ըԣҵ۹Ǻǣ׼࣡
ӯĻ˾ХҲԥȻͬһĨȫʵӰһѾǰ档
ҲȲɣʿڣ׳˶ͻȻͬ޹һĴСķ϶л룬վ̻ǰ
˾Х֮еɲǣ̻ƺӦ˶ֵǿͻȻֱ࣬췢һɲ޺𣬿Űɱ֮
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Ǵ֮ǰĹ㳡ϣѻȸ
·һɲǼ䣬ʱһ㣬ǳĸоѹ˵ͷ˸еֵѹ
տɫŵվߣΪŶͣҲеĸܣ֣·ڰοһ㡣
οտʱ˾ХͻȻ˫֡͸Ǳ֮У·һĨĻɫ뵣һԹսӯˣɲǼвһּΪֵĸо
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̻һ޺𣬰ڰ΢΢һŤȴڵʯֱ֮˾Х죬ǿľ硣
Χ˵ɫʱˣȻԶɸܵǼдȳľ硣еȳ˸еһͷĿѣΪӯûзӦ⣬տҲеȻ
˾ХȴЦˡ
ǰɲǼĶУѾĲ׽̻Ŀ־塣һĿ־壬̻ͬıһ㣬ֻǱѹ˾Х쵽̻Ŀ־Դ˵ԴڵĺϢ
ԴӴţһ֮󣬺Ҳǡʱѹ
˾Х쵱ʱƣߵʱ򣬺Ƶľﵽһͳһ˴˶˶Էľ֮С仰˵˵˾Х֮ǰͺƻǱ˴˷ֿĸĻôڴţ֮սԺѾΪһ塣
ֻǣǸӵиԵ壬˴˵Ѿĺгһ
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˾ХϵЦⲻ̻צӻɵľȼСİڶ̻εĹԤ֪Ĺ·ڵ˾Хɴ۾ͬתÿһζ̻צ
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ӯһЦͷһŽŵģ˾ХһδϷˣ̻֮ҲŻ˶С
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ڣɫԵøѿӯʻǿЦͷҲӯɫȴȻһ䣬ɫ˵շˣҲܽ˼䡣Х죬ɱ
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˾Хת˫֣̻޴ԴͻȻһҧۻдǿ˲ӿ̻ڡǿŴݿ˲佫̻񾭾ݻ٣̬޴ɲĹȻʹ඼ûп̱ڵ棬ͬ˯һ㣬ް
˾ХɫĮȻĴ˵ķ϶ҲǼľĲɣʿӯǰּ
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˵һ飡
ӯҧгݵĿŹڣȫȻû˰ȣͺ
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ȵһ½һѱڻУɫǼ֡ɫҰףްѪɫ½̼ǲ˻
ӯɫҲˣ½ߣͻȻ˸Ө⣬֣㡭
Сӯ½۾ֿӯǲȻЦӯе顣ֽʱӯĳƺȻЦСӯ㻹Ǹӣ˻ϣϲޣ
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