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 Name : levine  Date : 27-05-2005 19:31  Line : 2952  Read : 174  
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ɽ͵Ƿ 
ɽ£һǧĶ԰ʷɲǳĴдɽƮˡ 
˵ʥϼϲƷ裬նվҹķ糱һʱ䣬ĵز԰͵Ĺ԰Ҳ١ڸһҲׯǧĶ԰ʢ 



һƷĵķռʵ۰ּչᡯ˵Ӧæֺʱ򣬿ǣʱ֣ͥȴӰֻʣΪʢ۲ɢԼڴʯֱͦͦꡣ 

ԼĪʮͷͣҲԿֻǸһСˣݵɫյĺ£˼ȫˮ֡ѾֹһʱˣˣᱳƿӣԼ¶Ѫı޺ۣʸᱳ 

˭Ϊʲ˭Ͽ̷ 

Ҵ򣬷һľʧϹܼͥԺ򽩵壬ص̾˿ֽתλ------ҴӸϡ 

ԲԹ󣬿ԭڱҲΪԺšһ֮ӢţӣСһڽҵĲ԰ɴӻһִơ 
˶˵ҵø֮䵽˸һΪòǵǵŮѷȸʮֻһѰôϱߢ裬ʮʹøҲ԰ΪһÿÿԱ踰ûϵøҲׯΪٲ԰֮ףΪյһ԰ 

Ȼ˿̵ĸȴ˿Ϧ侲ƽ͵顣 
˿Ϊ޳ǿ͵ָĻɱڣȥˮĺۼü嵭ĲˮһĨҶꡣ 
ֹϹܼңʱҲ಻סˣɪ߽ߣսս˵ 

ӡϱѾͷĸʱˡ 

ͷҲû̧һ£ָñĶȴȻֹ 

Ϊ飿 
ūң 
һŻʵϹܼңסԼû˫ţ׳˵ 
ūֻֻ£ѵټһ԰ûտ¡ 
һ˵ϲһ˿ܽļ̧бϹܼһ£ֽߵüĽǶȣΣվƲȥ 


ĺˮյĺ濾ʱ״˿ڵΧʹĳ̶ǿ֪ģϱ֪֧أĽڸãܵ£Ҳҵ¡ҧأ֧ŵԶĽŲԼǰͣ¡ 

ƺڷʡˡ𣿡 
ҵһ֮ϱǿʹȥѣθУͷø޷еһ˿ 
֪Լ 

֪³ֺԤҪüѣ⣬֣ҲΨһ 

΢΢̧򦣬ϱ۹ⴥʲ----һڻޡ 
ر߹صִ󽫾˰֮ĸĸףΪҴ֮ΪУ˿ǶĻޣֽȴ˳ͽ˵̾ߡ 
ϱֹһĳңƤޣֻΪ˱ﾹȻ̣е̫ϧ 

ֱֱȴÿԼ޷ĮӣüӲİֲֵסϱ°ͣʹ̧ͷԼ 
ҸҴѵȲһƤ𣿣Ƿһ㻹δƺҺܲǲǣشң 
ϱȻĿ⣬ܣηͲӿ񡭡ǰȻ 

ϱֻǸҵһССū湫ӡӡˡ 
֮⣬͸ѿ࣬һᡣ 

㣡 

еĲʱȻŭеĻޣ˫ĿȴϱȻ񣬱˴£ȻתЦ 

ǡҶˣ⸱ԡ֣ɱȻɢ 
˰ˡͿһǧĶ԰ķϣĹ㣬ֻǡ´Ρ 
Ǿ仰˵ĺݶ˲ϱޱ飬ͷȴصһǡ 

ллӣллӣ 
ûϱڣվһΪ亹ϹܼңѾæӦˡ 
æĽ𣬹ܼҵϱĶ˵ 
ɽڣûաٺԼȥˣ 

ϱ˫ǿ֧ӣѹϹܼңܲʾǣŲǿӲǵֲ˲ϯĻ 

ϱϱϹܼҽĺԶ 

֮УϱǺƱɽʯοʼҡ漴㱻ǵصĺڰû 
 
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1 



ʮµ˵ˬˣ𷺻Ƶ֦ҶһƬƬɳɳ졣ߣ᾵ļʯɢƬƬķҶѺĵˮ֮һƻƺ̵ 
ﾰӣΪ˳Ը֮ˮһҲ˴ˣ̾첻ɣ 
ҶѾ価Ƶ֦ɵ£һһСƣΡ 

ѮŮԾɱʱķ绪ް߰ߵѩȴѲزס㲵˼ 
Զһʯϣһĺͯ˽ĺӡ 
ֻǺӴʯͷϻ£ܵŮӵǰ˵ 
Ҷˡ 
Ů΢΢һ㣬Ŀתעеİ֥価ıǽΨһĿˡ 
۽һ˿⣬ŮӺòײֹסʡ 
԰ɡŵСϡﲻ 

۷ŹĽӹӣһҧ£ͻȻʲƵģ̧ͷںڵֻŮơ 
ʲҲûԣһûֵʳ᲻أ 
ɵӣԵıˣȻҲͲ˰ 

ĬŮ漴ĨȥǵļĭǣٶȷŻŮӵС 
ҲһﲻҲǵȸ˲ųԺòã 

ŮԣסС뻳ݺᣬȴԶԡ 
 

뽭ˮ· 
                  о  
˯˵ 󡭡 

 

 

ֱգϱŴӾתѵֻ綹̨ѡҹɫһ֮ᣬѾ˯˰졣 

ĸ֮ǰĸ׵źڲ԰ɽ֮ͷһļգϱ˽ְȥϹһ㣬Ҳûȥĸ׵ķͷտʼϱȡ˸ҵĲ԰ūۣʶǧƷϷ䲻ǰȴǸҴεȵ֣˫ֲص˺ɹȴκС˶Ĺ࣬Ϊū۵·˵ǸһҲݡԴˣеǶޱӵˣĵĽɫ˺һ𿴹ܲ԰ĹܼңϱڸҿǹֻӰ֮ 
˴Ϊȴһ׾ʵרƵĵˣȻϱԣȴǸصıⳡ³ı춹ȥЩǽ𷣣ˣϱȴδй뿪ҵĴ㡣 
֮ԲȥųҲǼޣΪԼҲΪ˸ǣΪȥס 

ǰǷһծرˡģǼ¡ڸҲׯ 

ﰡˣΪλǻ尡ϱеĽңĸµΨһĶһŵŽ޾ϱı˻ε峺ᣬ߰˺۵ 


ҹ 
ռժĲݷ㣬δյӯľݡ 

͸Сķ϶עǴӲǰ󷢶ӰΣŶȴְ;ͣŲٲǰ 
ǰΣͷת·ȥˡ 

ϢδӹϱĶ䣬羪֮Ĩһἣǿᱳʹߵǰ 
˿̳΢ĵķ绹ݵĴʲҲûˡ 

֨ѽ~ 

ϱţľΪ÷ںҹ趯ĲУԵò϶ 
ûˣ 
ѵǷ̫ˣ 

ͷƳµһ 

׾ͷһҩޣϱв鿴ϺõĴݾԼͷдشõǴӾͷϺҩ 
˭ģ 
ϱФͷһ룬׾͸˳ 

Цһϱеİ״ƿԶԶ԰ڵ 
ʹټƷҩҲβˣٺõİɣҲ׾ͱڰۡ 

ľ 

ٶȹر 
Ĳһ˿϶ 
ҵҹƳ⣬Ҳ԰֮ǧ 
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2 



~~~~~~~~峿ʯϴԶ 
ſŨŨ֮УԼһǺƥʻ򸵼Ҳׯķ򡣳ϹɫգǲϺõĶƳɵģȸϦǸ˼ҵ㳵 

нׯĴſڣĵ˻Ȼֹֻϵ廹ҡ߮ 

Ϸˣˣ 
³յĳ 

Ӧ̽һСɵŮͷ­֬ѩ׵ĺƺǳһҪȴһ㣬ӣ촽㣬ӯˮWסȻͲʮŮ⡮Ϸˡ֮ƣ 
ĲԽ³¶ϲɫһ̧ͷŵλεĴ֣ׯ 

ң 

ﴫһȴĻ 
ˣĸ 
Ůæתٶȷسǰӣһλϸ 
ϸͷ˿ȥѽĺȴ˱ֱͣҲ񡣿ӦþǰƵٰġϷˡˡ 

 
Ůͷֿ˿Ѿ͹ľЦ˵ 
һֱΪҲׯǻʵյµһӦͥУûʣ󾩳Щٵĸۡһ㾰£ǣȴ䣬˿ӰС 

֪ˣλּϲţųᣬ͵µһׯĽҲãΪ˴£һ±Ϲһ۾ϵء 
ǻûй 
Һã϶Ծϲмӣû 
Ŷ 
Ů΢΢ףǽζԶǳЦ 

ԾˣǳʲᣬҪտˡϷָסƣһġŮߴӵĽͷʹո졣 
֪ 


************************************************************************** 

ӣӡ 
ҶܵԺ鷿ǰδƵĹν鷿 

ûأ鷿ǰҪͨҽˣǲڲׯǲǡ 
Ķû˿ĸı䣬ͼҶ˵ʱҲûпһۣ鱾ҪȻ˺ÿˡҶȴ⣬Ҳ 
󡢴ˡϷҪСļ빫ӳӭӣСµϷ˲çײģС֪ˣ롭Сġ 

ԣе鱾Ȼһϡ 
ϷˣϷˣ 
ǡѾ˴ 


ҴҸӭӣĸǸˣקӭ 
Т֪׽δԳӭӡ 
˺ˣﲻ㣬ԸҪģ㱾ǲֺ֪Т 

ĸϲ̵İѶӴϵ¿һ飬ͷ 
Ҷǳˣ˿ݷǷ㸸ʱֱһģһһ𸵻ĸףֵȻ£Բİ˼ڸĸ 

Ϊβĸٶȴ飬ת⡣ 

˵ЩׯڵҪͻ̸ϻ˵ף㸸׵ļգȻҪһͬȥǰݰ 
ǡͷǣȴûעվһԶעŮ˵İףŮѾкˡ 

֣ 
ǡ 

ɵĹŮССûΪϼĴ 
áòԵĻ񣬲û̫Ůϱ¶û뵽 

һҶϺõĶ˳ð״ɵĲѺϸĲˮƵ͸㡣 
˶˲һۣüͷ΢ 

˵ģϱأ 
Сĸղſˣûӡ 
üͷĸףⶼỹΪɷƽЩˣû뵽ȻǰЩòĳӣ 
һţĵ 
ȥ 
Ҷ͵һۡ 

ǡ 
ʲ᣿ 
СѾй˺üҲ 
 
ֺݺݵӣ˷豻˳ 

ȥ 
˵գһ𣬴Ժȥ 

ڱ׼ĸĸͻȻʲầŵϢһüҵѯվڱϵϹܼҡ 
ϱǲǸĶӣ 

Ϸ˵ĻȥĶӣ 
õȷ֤ĸҲûʲˣѲһá 

ȥҪǸ˵Ķӣ 

3 

ľҹţԵڴϵϱ˯һޣأһᱳ˿ڿѾŧ־ججУϱҲֻԼ洫֪֮ԼѾǻ˸ҵˡ 
ţĴ򣬷ܵĲҽС 
ϱǺװɤôĶģһĻͷѡ 

ϱҿţûУţ 

ΪЩնĲ̫ϱϤǸ´Ȼһҡ岽һεȥš 

ž 
һŵɲǣӭĲ˵ףһֻ޴ƣƫеĹδϱϡ 
ͻѣŻ¡ 

Խ˲ˣ˭˭ū㶼ֲǲǣҪµ㣬ôǲûź㣬Ҫ𣡡 
֪ԼΪʲŭϱҰ׵ɫΪԼһƶҡҡ׹ԼǿסԼݵĪ״Ļܵȼ 

ҡ 
ϱĽͣȴڴ¿ɣףûԱԼ׵Ļġ˼Ҿ£˵ʲ᲻һġ 

һ˲䣬ϱͻȻ뵽ҪǾᱻ𷣶ҲΪѵĺ· 

㡭ͻȻûͽسһֺܲܵζ 

۷һĸ˵Ļϱ̧ͷվڸĸĸϡ 
һ˪ȴƤЦⲻЦϷˣϱһᵽ˷һ¡ 
ֻãҴЩ輼˿ܲ԰ˮ裬һŲʲӻû뵽ȴһѳū 

ЦᣬĸѾվϱǰ۹ϱݵӡ 
㣬ϱĶӣ 
ϱûлشλͱ˵ϷΪʲס 

ȻŮ˵ĶӰģҲƵĿ£ 
úͽˣǻطɡ 
ǰס˸ĸٶȽӽϱͼʹһ֮ңҲܸоĸɢϢɱԿ϶ֻһסϱĲӡ 

Ѳɻû˹ūŵȨˣĸһ壬ݺݵĵϱ·еĻǶ˵һ 
ˡ 

λϷǸ 
ϱ뵽ͷԾȫѹˡ 
ﲻǸүķ𣿣 

Ҫһ£гһȪһҪﻹһծ 

ˣ 
ĸѯʵ 
Ϸˣʮһˡ 
ܼһϱش𵽣ջ䶹ĺ飬һϱ缺ĹֻܼеʹѡߣϱǺǿĸԣһǣһСѱʲطϷˡ 
ȻȴϷһ 

䳤ĺãȴû뵽Ǹư͡ĽΧĹܼҷŪɳ׾ĸӡ 

ءϷˡϱͶʮˡ 
ϱϹܼҴֻܹóڻش 4 



ʮĸЦЦбһ´ǣҼҵʱҲ͡ 
ϱͷǻĸĸı飬ҲãϷΪʲô˵⻰ 



ʮҼ޸ͥ͵ʱǶʮ꣬²װ뵱ԺգҲᣬȴӲҳ΢˴ྴʮͷ 
ĸµ׷䵱У΢üͷ֪ĸֿʼÿһյ廳ˡ 
ԴӸүĸĸ׾һֱһֱ߶Źȥ֣ͻجĵĴòʮͷĸڼ֮ڱһٵϸʮ˻߻а׷ʮŮȴͷİ׷˼һҹ˪ 


ĸ׵øֹ˼ȻҲ˲ϱĸܡ 
˲ˣ 
һ¼Ĳūƾʲôø˼ɣ 


´ʱȴıͽ˸ҴšԣҺүʮķ֮飡 
ĸͻȻݺݵߵϱǰĵһھţϱ̧ϸĸ񡭡ϱ̫Ϥſʼ֮ΨΨŵŵĳɳ 


Ǻĵļı鹴үģ 


ֲʱ˵ϱݵϣŮ֮ȴҲϱĺ 
Χ˫עһУעס׵沿Ҳɥʧϱ׿Ů˵ׯ¶ʺͳ޵ǱĸϷˡ 
ϱҲͬϤЩ񣬴븵ҿʼͻΧ񡭡ȻҲ˼ԲһģվϹܼҵʹĵڸĸȿ־Ů񣬻У 
Զ׽͸񡭡 


ΪʲôΪʲô¼һȥϷ˿ʼҵ״ҵһԴΩֳʲôӣһ߹۲ŸķӦ 


ﲻ¼û뵽ûжһֱĬϱȴ૿ڡ 


û¼¡ 


ҲһĸͻȻתͷŸ£ﲻҪ̵ܽūţʹһٰӰҸϳȥ 
ûκαʾʲôûƵģºޱȵĿĻش 
ܶͶˣЪϢȥɡߵºԻᴦ 
ʲôҪ㽫ϳȥ 
ĸţһԵļҶѾ޹ʹҲǰס˸ĸĸ첲 


ĸҲˣʲô˵ɡӣҲܰ˵գ͵˸һۣһŷģȴڷֻϱʱȻʧԼһ˿ҵϢȴ֪Ǹֻϱġ 
ֱܼȥˡ 


߰ɣĸ 
ôһĸĸͻȻعһԼ̫Ѩ૵ĵ 


ǡôˡ 


ɥ֮ʹƺֹͷİ׷ѣҲշЪ˹Ŀҵ򣬸Ϊ֪Ż֮ǰϷȥĴɼУǣյͻȻȴ֮⣬ϱҲǴʧˡ 
ɼϱĸӵĺѾ裬Ի͡ 
ЩûڵľһԵĹܼҡ 


ȥһϷ˺С㣬Ȼȥ¥ţ͵ 
ϹܼҲɵǵٶϱһۡ 
ȥ 


ڸϴʺ£ܼҲ֮뿪 


˵иϷ˺ȻӵһѲĽɫּǱİĲ֢淢ѱ޹ԣϷµģһǴ־һͬȻϱµ˲ǸϷˡ 


ôˣ¶޺Цݣ³Ļ 


ǿӵϱûлӦǵҡҡͷ 
졭С 
вв˵ģקסϱһˤϡ 


أҧĴ߳Ѫ˿ڸûע⵽ʱϱȥ 
ղΪʲôﷴ 
 
ã㣬ϳȥǲǣ 
 
ϱû뵽ô͸˲תΪŭƲͷܿԷʵ 


ûв´ 


һ̣ϱһֻԼִܽԼ¡ 
㡭ʲôֵĶסֵֻĽ 
Ҫ 
ɱҲù屻ĳͷ 
ڼʧı飬ԲЦְһϱνѵһ澰ˡǹζЦѹĸ 


 


ˡ 
ӵһַʳ֪ζö֮԰Σʱ䡭 
ϱѾҪηʹг٣ھ︴գû뾫ӡ 



5 
ڴӰҵײҡҷд׹ᡱס˻ƻĹҲʹĴϢ˼ 
ָ˺ɫı潻ϵϱĿ 
أ 
ᱳ˿ڸͻȻĳٶѿѪҺȾ˱ɫġɫӡǽȾ絽ط 
ȵֵʱϱѾûкһͣڵĶ 

㡭ûҸҩ 
ģŰĿлȻңһĻѪܵһɶ 
ټϱ̵壬ڵĻŲΪ 

˻~~~~ 
ᱳ˺Ϊ룬ɫӴ˿Ѿְ졣ȴճճҺ建 
˿ȻѾ񻯣ѿĲƤⱻѪҺȾڣĵطҲʼƵŧҺĿġ 

Ҫܵ𷣣ҪܶʼˡҲǰá 
ϱڿڽǳһ˿Ц⣬Ŀת۽Ŀ߸ϵĸ 
ʹѱľԼҪȥˣҪĻȥҲãù֪ĥǻĲŻ֪ȻʲᶼûУȴҲʲᶼо 

мȻмԼӴӾǴƷʥҩȻмһ⣡ 
еǰδеķŭ 
ʶãҵϲ淨ãҲգǻеʱ䣡 
˦ӣδ˻ȵٶͻϱڡ 

ذ 

ϱʱɴ˫ۣƺҪԴڵľʹ͸Ŀ䴩̴ɢңԶǱߡϧɶƵİŪ˵ 

ϲϲӲ 
׵ɫϲȴʼûٽгĸѵĴꡣ֪ʱ𣬱ˮֵͣϣϱҪϢںʹһ˿ָǶ븵ǯֱָۣ׺ݺݵѪۡ 
˺һªһ㴥ĿĵѪۡ 
ԸĻʡ 

ͬʱͣ¾ٶһ̣漣ˣгɵ˲䷢պ֮ȴڴ˿̱˵ 
ǵԼӺʱ˲̣֪ʲʹССĲū 
ǰΪ˸ᡭʲ᣿ 

ծԶ塭 

͵͵û֪ϱ³Ķ´ 

Ѿʼϸ꣬ڱ̵ĲɳɳŮӵĿ϶ҭҭ 
δĺɫִ꣬ 
λ飬۳ӰϨ䡭 

******************************************************************* 

彥ůƸ֮ʱްӰ 
ϱоԼᱳѲǰǰʹɥʧʹһůŷԼǸڴͷѾ˺ıһҩζССľӵϢ 
Ǹҩϸϸİ 
ҩѾ 

ϱһ̧ͷϺȻڷҹӽ԰İ״ҩƿûдͷմٵ͡ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ټĲ԰һҩƿҩūūûΪūһޡ 
 
ϱ벻ͨ²͸ĹҪ 

6 

н¥ѹʱ߸ߵ¥ƮŮݺĸҲþòɢ 
˳Ͼ¥Ѱ˼ĸţ۾ȴϻõ 


磡 
ϲɫʱͣвŪҵĶ 


 
ĸˣȫȻ˸Ʋڴ˵ءЦӯӯĽ£Լߡ 
òŹ 
ʱ𸵻ùˡ 
ŶׯͻȻ˼ˣһˣˡ 
Ŀˣϲϵã 
ҲʲҪĿˣЩׯչ̼ңʱĹѰˡ 
Ŷ 
תͷ 


ٵĺðֻӦУⷲӾҲ֮գǰ޵á 
ȴҲ˼伫֡ԣЩ˵ĲҲ٣˵Ǵġ 


佱ҵʵİɵ˫ַĨƣͷĸ͡ 
ʩ廪յ˿ͷһ 


˱õˣһˮ 
ǣö 
ĴҲϲһòȥɡ 
ϴ֮״ 


ĸڿ͵͵һЦ˴ĲׯΪĲɨĹΪ˶ӵ¡ֶŮǸĸС˵ģĴæ¸Ӧʣû֮ڿӶδŵϱȻкøСȴʱ˰ɡ 
Ȼ㻳˵ˣ͵ɡ 
һǷɵĻص 
ǡ 


֮ƻ棬ȥС 


ƻƷǻҲϧӽ׹ 
˼᳦ۣա 
ɫֳ֣һˮ 
ϸﻨᡭ 


һˣﻨˣ˼ľС 
ǺЦĬĬס 
 
л磡е÷ϣٶһǷ 


ҿҲˣȥ¥µķԸͲ衣ĸҪرܣϻ۵Ůῴһ죬¥¶ȥ 
ҪȲ費Ͷãȥˡ˵Ҫ׷£ȴĸһס 


öӣлҪ̸ 
ʲỰ 
ĸ΢Цгһ졣 
 
ãܺá 
УֻˡΪĸҪϱ 
˼ǡ 
Ԥеʲᣬȴûеơ 
ҲϴСˣɻʱҲʮ꣬㶼ʮˣûɼӰ 
˵ˣǲ֪ĸ׵˼ 
ҳɼңҪѵ黹ϼң죿ׯһ 


֪ΪҲׯѪׯ룬ǣҲҪڽӴѾͻϼҽĲׯû뵽ĸѾİ£ɵһԹ 
ûʹ˼ţˡԴ 


㣡ĸصһӣһʱûѪ 
˵ТΪ˸ҵ𣡣Ե𸵼ҵ棡 
ĸͻȻŭԼĶԡ 
ϢŭðֻǣûûеɻʱׯҪܼʹˣҲûֲܽׯԣһжûж֣ɻһ£д֡ 
˵ĻƳѾ¥ڶעһˡ 
ʱеЩҪѿڶľܻĻӲ̻ض 


7 
ϸ˸ʶ̼ңʯص-- 
ȻļЩҶȴ׳ʵأɫɳ˪֮ڻظʣ봺ʱڲµƷʣȻҲܵ͢ٹٵĺ񰮡дϢȻִܿ˻ʵ۵Ķ 


˻ʵԻ 
۵Ļ¹ڸׯǰ´ʥּūڳϲΰݣ乧ĸȴϵʵּͼ 
Ÿׯٵ裬һ֮ʥƷ 
Ȼǳʯģ 
شگ飬Ҽս͵֣֮մ~~~~л~~~~~~~ 


꣡ 


ӹʥּ°ԺЦ 
ʲᶷ֮ǻʵӰգռˣ˵Ǽ͵ǵЩֱЩٹȥʱƫҲֲһձһҲÿȥˡ 


лҾ 
ֻ׼г̻һЩʱ򣬻ֻղܽʯ͵ʳǣ빫תϣ 


ۼҾͨҲûòǣҲǳͨ˵ǼҲȥ 
ּ̫ƤЦĻص 
Ҫ˵Ҳ֪ʵ۱»᲻մŭ 


ָһػּɲ裬ԲׯæΪ裬Ȼ֮ճٳٲͲ뾩һ֮һûһּҲׯҺøոֶʯĴ۲Žոƽʱǧһ 
Ҳңһ׼͵ 
˵գļҶʹ˸ɫ˼ּ᷿һׯĶĵ춸 


λһЩϺõİײ裬Цɡ 
ֽģӷϾ͵óƷʾ̫࿴ҲǲգֻһⶫѾϲЦտˣæӹҲͻȻת 
һֱĲҶ˼ˣǺǡģһת棬ֻǧҪ̫ˡ 
֪֪лߣ 


ĿЩԶ̾˿ȴ֪Ǵǿֱͦ˵ʱۼĲСͣԭæȥˡµĹأֻҪûӵķԸ˸æšԴˣʱ˵˵ҲûС 
ЦЦɵʱһɺڵķΧ 


֪ãߵ԰԰ڣԶԶĿһĨݵĺӰһƬ֮仺ĴʱһСزݱ¶ףƬǰУƺ֪ƣտ⸵Ψһơ 
ûоˣȴѾ˸һתһԵľ֮УŴҴҹϡ 
ׯоģ̫ģΪˮޱ֮ΩֲȴҲڶü΢΢Щ֣ȴҲŭߵǶľǰҲֻһ 


Ŵ򿪡 
Ĭã˹ȻǹԹԵĿ˷š 
ϱûдкĬĬĵȸݣŽŹźá 


Ψһ˵Ĵϣϱ״ֻһŵ״ţȫɵöһ£ֻ΢ĶȴȻ۵ס 


ҪɷҰޣѵͲܹ𣿡 
֮ԵϱԵѲڽӲߵǰһ˫춸 


ƵĲ㻹δھǼ䣬͸΢ľڽ˻ 
費Ǿƣƻˣ費ᣬɲҪȴ겻ѵģԲղƹһղܣǾƹҲԲ裬ȴҲǳߣǣÿ⾰һᵽҲԲղƣɵÿʼĿ 
벻ͨҲ²͸ССªľݺĺݳ辿ʲħĿֻ֮ˣأ 


ϱеĲˮ׼ȷ͵У׼ͻȻһס򷴷ȥڸĻС 
ʲ᣿ 
ûС 
УЩ͵ĽԼԡ 


˵ʲᶼ˵ģ 
ϱͻȻԵһ̬ľţæҵ˸ߴΣĶ˿ڡ 
ʹ 
һǽ󲿵ͻȻʧˡ 


ʹ𣿡 
ʵ´ϸᣬϱֱĻƵĸоļƺûиԵʱ򣬽졭ԴҩǣԾ˯δԾĵ˵ͷ 


ȡԹñˡ 
ƵĴʽĳһӴϱɻ 
ǰ˺Ǹ־ԸŤĸ׹Ϊͬһˣ 

8 
֮ǰѾ˵ǾүˣҪúõ̷ȴҪ˼һĲգѿȴҵĻԷ硣Ҳҵ㣬Ȼ˼ҴȥҸҲׯ˲СҲ̲ܽãЦ˵Ĵ 

еǸӣǰҲׯֻΪһϷϯȴϲϱᱡǼȴֲ֪ܵĶֶϱ޿̣ԵĽһӵıϡıָջõķ¯ˮSݲõɰ֪ˮǲвĶһԵĶˣģǺÿ˵ġ 
£˵Ƥ޾ͺݺݵкȰҲסֻ֣ȵĨһǱ˵˾ˣͣ֡ 
ʱϱѾֻһˡ 


ӽѵϱԹԡ 
Ŷ֮⣬ȷдĲЦһ̽顣 
£ŭԣϱʹǻҲѿڶ۹£ֻõһ˫ĴЬ 
ûС 
ûУ㻹᲻ʵҡҡͷվ 
ǰɲ 
ϱһֱϱȻȴһֻһ̧ͷֻл磬˴ϻҲԿ͸ 
Ӳڴ˾ﲻѾּ⣿ 
ϢܼͨҸģ 
ϱڸׯŲʡ 


ߵǰ裬΢ƵĲˮ߿߿뱭УɰôĶ죬á 
жûʾϷˣ 
ʲ᣿ 
Ҳֻһζѣ뿪ʱ˰ɡ 
ţϱǵˡ 
ĸȥᣬǴҲǸѪǿʾֵļգΪˣҲûٳԹƤֻ֮࣬ΪĸʬδؾˡȻʱʼȴͻȻǿ˿ݷҲֻһЩĲ跻ϷҲֻǽˮʲģϱȴҲΪǰ¶ҡ 
һΣϷ 


ɡҡܾû͹Ϸˡ 
˵Լ뿴ֻаѸĸ 
ϷʲϷģָļա󷲶Ʒ˶ʶϷӣҲǸ֣Ȼе輼ո߸ɵˣҲкųµһģһռҲׯϷҪ޵ݡ 
ϱļմĸףʤֻıⲻȲĹˡ 
֮Բǰ¶Ҳռµһļհɡ 


ϱ 
ӽǿһֱģͷҲδ̧һ¡ϱ̬ıֲøеһ˿һá 


˵Сˣ 
ϱǸСˣ͹ʾ 
ǰǿϱѾǵϱˡĲ㸵𣿣ϱͷЦ۵ȴ΢΢ﰡ֪˿̵ľأȪ֮»ܺЦ 
Ļػ֮᱾òȻŭģȴȻ˱ĺѣ˿˿͸֫ͷͷ۵ϱڴ΢ȴ졣ϱݵӽֺԶǧһ־Ϳɴ¾ˮһȴˡ 


ǣù͹ɣ 
֪ڴ˵ضԼҲûʲôһ䣬ͷҲص˳ȥ 
ǰһ̤ţϱѾŹʵˣһ義ϴİøͣŰϣոȥƺδԶȻΪʲ᱾ǱľͷȴɢµϢ 
 
ϱ̾һʡԼΪʲܲסԼ죿ЩָͽԼĻᡣ 
ռԼӺһյӣ޵Ŀ̹ģȻԼɼֺγ֮£ԼʣĸҲһĪĲһͬ 
пǱߵȴȻδߣֻΪһ̾Ϣ 


******************************************************************** 


ŹᣬϱľƵķ趹̶һ׵໨ɫۣĶׯôڣ˫ֽڸÿһƶľƶ֮ϣȫϽĲ¶һ˿϶΢գ˫۵ʹ΢֮侹һ֮ 
Ѿ˸ĸˣΪǿ飬˱ġҲ˵ּҵıöԸҵϷĺѾãһԸͻȸԾǸĸҲ׿ǷǶԹһ迴Ϸ 
춸˵뿴Ϸ˵뿴Ϸϱ 
˿̵ϱͬյϱϷĵһҪñû׵ϱ˾ɽȪ֮ˮ˽ļƷǲˮҲ·˷ۡšƷǶˡ 


ߵĺľСԣ£֮ᣬϱĲŽƣĽ峺׵ϸ̫˻Ǵ˷׵ˣһ˿̻𣬸ϲ̬ⴿԲλࡣ 


磿ʲ᣿ 
ּұõʻɾоѣʱŷ֣ԼȻĴˡ 

9 

Ǹʲ᣿ 
ָһСϺֻ¯ľ̿ȼ 
ǸǸǷ¯רˮġ 
Сɿɰȴֻˮģǿϧˡ 
˼ĶǷ¯ϧһ߻߸üģʵڿɰĽжССⲻһɵûͶˡ 
ɲҪС¯֪¯õϵȵϽ࣬Ӳƾ̿տҲа٣ķ¯ſճݲĺˮ 
ˮаˣʲˮˮģ 
ɽȪ֮ˮΪδνۣ֮ͷν֮ϣԼвĻգˮǺˮ 
Ÿһϯ̸֮ɵࡣ 

Թԣὲҿѧá漴¶羴ıǺѧʣ࣡ 
ҲҶö࣬˽̵ĺá 
ˣѲǸСˣ 
ָָȻϱ 
ǡ 

ڸҽһּڸˣǺײʹĸΪ֮ϱĸס 
ʮǰʵϼĸӣһ·ѰȴȫǣͶ·֮ʱǼΪ˱ｫһѧڲҵϵĲʹøҲׯһձһϣ漼ȴûԴ˽̰ͼҷֺմ춸ҵĳӣҲǸϧԲΪȴĲҵ˲ţЩ¡ҲֻѧƤëڵƷмемңɶֲϷȴֻ̾ķݡҲֻĵϵ˲ּܽȫˣ֣㲻ˡ 

ϱòǹȥڵĲĭֽˮ±һн衳ԡϸϸˮСĺڳߵСɵĲϣСϴԽϱָҲˮдƵָŰԵ÷·㾧Ө͸ 

˫ּɱ㽫ãһѵķǵǰ 
ڴ˿ѾݣֹĲζҲĴƮɢˣҲˣȲζƮߡ 
͵УЩãĽӹǰ˲֪ԵѣĿֺ춲԰еǼССľӷ֮˵ָᴥĿӣֻƬ̾ø¸¯գ͵ɧ 

ò裡 
һͻȻľУ˸Ρ 
ȻǼƷ 

ϲͺáЦֻ˿̴ҵעڲϣȻҲûˡ 
ϱɣң˭ϷļյģݳĲúȡ 
Сϱʦмĸ 
ʱشǸ˵Ĺء 
ĸһλˣɷϷɺã 
⡭ĸܺγˣǲ֪ȴҲϱʹ 

ˣ 

һȴĻشƷĸĸгһֱĬͻȻǰּҹһϱ˿ԶԣҰһ˫۲ֻҪĵʹ 

ˡǡǿ̫ϧˡֲøյׯʱĸ˵һѻΪֻһʱڵ䣬ʧһڲ衣 
Ĳ岻ףȴһʻծǿϧ 
ĸָĵϱģ۹ɱˣϱѾ˲°ٴΡ 

ĸǺȲȲ衭æĴԲ 
úȣԼֺˡ 

ϱܹĸ߱˵۹תù쳤ϡ 
䱾ǳ⣬ûԼ裬ϱͼȥˡ 

 

ȴߵˮ»̵ơ 

ĸһæϸֱЩ糺ӡӡ 
һ룬ĸֽ̧ϱǰĲȲõĲҶϱ׵໨ɫϡ 

ɰСľЩ񶾵ͷҪ̫ͺˣʲ᣿ 
û°ɡҲЩĵǰ̽ˣ֪ϱԩȴҲһʱ˲Χ 

û£Ҳǹġϱû°ɣ 
뵽ҲȲ裬æѯʵ 

վڴϱĿԼϱõĲգŨŨۼǼȾɺֻɫªҴ۵ĿʾĴڡ 
ΪͻıһʱϱɫҰףע⵽ԾʱϱȴͻȻתͷ˴á 



10 



˷ˣĸָϱֻȥıӰܻš 
˵ˣ˴һѵҲʲ᣿ҪҪ̫ţ 
ĸҪˣǲܹϱοõĺܡ 
ǸŮӣһԿοĸҲûΪѳȥϱǰһԹڶϡ 
Тӣ˵ΣҪ㽫Ǽ˵ĶӸ˳ȥȴҵĻԷ磬ҪﻹҪǸϱ 
Ϣŭ֪ﲻҪӡ 
ҵԼģҲҪҲˣСҪˣѲҲͰˣ 
ƽѵˣõһſڣһԵĸףҲˡ 
ĸ֪ûġ 
תͷʹ˸ɫ뿪Ҫøĸܴ̼ҲԼﷴ˷õģ뿪д 
ãˡ 
˵գתȥ 
ˣߵĺãȫ߹ˣʣֲķӣһĺãҸҺңרЩ֪Тܵūǣүֻϧ̫硭 
 

ĸ˻ߵŭ漴𣬸ȴѹ˲࣬Ѱϱŵټһ·׷ȥԺԼҪҵˡ 
ʢģȵĿԣǳȴϮ˵ģʹʵҲ²ˮȥġϱȴڳ׵ӵ˿Ƴ°ƯڳϣȻԳǺֻƵա 
ϱֻϴˢϵգˮĽҵ 

ϴϴ 
ϱ૵߶һ˿ɳơ 

ϱ 
ϴϴ 
ϱ 
ĺúˣǳе˶ȴԳϴ۵Ķƺֻһռڵ 

ϱڸʲ᣿ 
Щաϴϴ 
ΪȴͻȻĸʧͷһ 

ϱͻȻһеˮȥεصĳ룬ϱ§ֱ۵ж 
ϱ˲ãȴǱģÿһ缡ɥʧ¶ȵ 
ϱϱˣ 
ϴ·ϴ 
ǼմĲڳˮϴЩѿĺۼȴǱõϺõ˿Уǽ׵ĵɫǺֻƵĲһմȾζˡ 
ǡϱĸ׵ 

·봩ˡڵģǡˣϴϴҲϴϱڸĻЩǰıȴǰĸҲ֪ǺۼҲˣŲ˾ 
Өϱۿ䣬ڸӵֱϣͬ춳ˮḶ́˸ġ 
ΪĸµᣬÿÿܵĿȴǰᡭϱѵûг֮⣬ֵ㶯ݵĶ 

˰˵Ҫ˵΢΢һ㣬漴¿ڵȴһ 
˵ûʲᣬҸһƬ԰Ҫ죿 
 
ϱĬһ󣬻ͷ˿һ˲侹һң·Ҫջ٣ܿģָֻһƽֻʱŸоϱ˿̵۾ֺͳˮһı䳹ǡ 



11 



ϰȥɡܿߣϰ͵Ľϱرߡ 
ϱߵľżҲֱϰ˦֡ 
֡Լߡ 
ʧȥƾһ£ܿģϱͦˣֱֱ߻ԭ·ʪµˮһ·°ವĺۼʶľͬλãŵײȹЩߺۡ 

ĸѾûиղͱ˵ԹֻǶһҲƲϺÿɫľһԵϸĸĦᱳҪЩдŭѹϨһ㡣ϱߵǰһһʪǾȡ 
ϱ磬ǣһˮʲˣ 
ûʲµģҪġ 
΢΢һЦ·ס 
Ǹ˼ŮֵĹǵЦȻֻպһû» 
ϱûпüĿ֮Ĵ飬俴ĸȴûκϴ˼̫ȻְͲסķɧ 
㿴㿴һȥֻ⸵ҵĴõʲطˣūûūŵӵĹҲûˣ 
Сɵ˻ǰ׳յģ 
˫˫޹ּĿԼķ 

ҵˣȻӣϱ鼱֮¼ȥûϷˣӱСˣϱˣϱӦ 
ͻĴϱĿкˣϱ۵½ǣͨһڵأĸߵл 
ľٶøĸԶԣԼⷢӣǧټƵȴԹƵһӶɢᱰˣ 
ϱıӰȷײϱ˳ܣϴȴ˿֮⣬̶̼䣬Եǫ֪ĵĸϷ˵ؽˡ֪ǸŭЦɵҡͷ 

ĸһʱƿڣ˴ԹҪй 
˵֪ܸģĪɣȻ˴Ӧܵʹ 
ΣĻᣡ 

ܼң 

̵Ϲܼңн䲻֪¶˵ʼĩһϱѾ˰˾ŷ֡ 
Ϸˡ 
ϱ 
ԺĲ񷿣˼ĸ˵꣬ʹĻͷ˲þ 
 
Ѿ֪һޣúһ£ҪٷͬĴ⴦ᵫҲǸҶ˵ĿԵ·˵Ĺ᳹ 
ҪٶȼҷĻ¾ʹ˲ϾһƿʥҩҲȲˡ 
뵽˴ͷӹһ˿̡ҽ֮˵ɡ 

ū 
ܼҵۿЩʪ󣬵ҲֻĨȥͬ벻øϷ˵۵ġ 

**************************************************************** 

ϱؽѷĲ񷿣ܼ䲻ܿȴҲ׼˹ҹĲݶͷȻµġ 
лϹܼҡϱΪ 
ϱ߶ĸѾˣΪִڸңֹҵ 
ϱд㣬Ϲܼҵˡ 
 
ܼص̾˿ȥ˨á 
ŲԶȥϱʱжǧظһ㣬Ȼĵڲݶ֮ϡ 

һգƮ˿ϡ 
мûеķҲմǣ˼Ѷⲻλعϱ£ʱΪѰ࣬ڵԼ 
ԶĳһƬ֮о˿֮һͬ΢ƮĲҲѬЩ˯֮С 

Σ뽭ϡ 

¹ǨȴԻо˵֮ϱ׶ȹƽ࣬ȴڴ˿ҲҸӡ 



12 



лˣƫ¡ϼɽ÷ɽ 
߻תƻŸŵ˼մ 

Ϻãﾰ续ⶴ츮ڵĺݳУ˸ֲ˼ 
ɼһ·ӻĶĸӣڷĺݳѾˣ̲ڰ·꣬ɷҲûѰסĿջⷼ˵ΪǮڰǰջϰ˳ȥʱѾزǮҽһǵܵȥ˵Ѿ磬Ҳ˵ǰϿһʬòҪҲҪʬƾЩţ 
ΪѰɷ䣬ΨһĶϱʼںݳֵǲݳǰ벽ǵ˻ټĳڡ 
ûҵˣЩ 
ʱƫһʱںݳĸմˡ 
ΪĴ׸ĶӣͥͣרӲҶġм˵ĸͥͣǰĶ׳е⣬ǵ˽ȴ˲ҵĴׯľӪϧǣԲȴһ֪⣬ǵûаѲׯӪ¹ƭľǲ١ 
컯һĽǢУԷʮҶԴγôթһʣȴżȻ·ϼĸʶƣʱؤĸӣͥͻ治֪бµˡϸ֪ǵͬ˼ʮӣҲǱ־úһʣ̸۷ԲĲѧ֪ĸׯ£ǣûҵΪɣԾܾ˸ͥ͵ĺ⡣ 
ͥ漴ɥȥȴ֪ǵĳԵδʹ˽⡭ 
 
֮ᣬɷ汻ҵΪ̫ã˱ɳճɵɵ֮ᣬˡʹɥɷʱңýʣȡһְµĴس֮áǻУڻس;ʡ 

޷ģ֮·;ңңĸӽٵˣΪԼͶֻΪūһҴ˼ҡɵǣǼ˼ҵ˾ȻǸͥͣ 

һ꣬ϱꡭ 

ļǵøͥͶĸεĹذأӲǵˣӰĶԴͬĺͯһ˽ӣʫǡ 
ҲǵõһңվǰĸӻӵĸŮˣЩ԰׵д˱Ӻͼޡ 
ǵãʱվŮԵ꣬ĲɷӣΪǸҴС㣬ûκαʱӡϱͷ 
 

ʲ᣿ 

ϱľϢĿƮһ 

˻˯˯߲񷿣 
ֽϣڰ˫ϸ˫ҹյǳ˸ 
ӲҲû˯𣿡 
ϱһ䣬ȴֱͻȻľٶȫӲ 

ˣ䣿§סĸϱĶ̽ԵĽֱ۽˽ 
ڷ 
ǡ 
ȦԼǽڵм䣬˵Ľ춱˴֮ĺͨġζĹǣϱںڰ֮ԾͼܿԼĵϷ 
һһΪǰϧ㵽ͷǱϥϴ¹򡭡Ǳˡ 
ӣء 
أĿ֪ǳǵЦѹƵĸͷסϱľ 
㣡 
ҪϾһˣձɻüң᲻ùµءϱߡеˣ 
ЦΪʲ˵ȴеһ˿ꣿտյʲᶫƵġ 
ԼһŪĲģַϱ촽ƵĴϣסϱĻӦΪ˸˾ͲԶҪڴ˿̣ȴֻռ 
ֻҪ [ī] 























13 



賿Ĵ˿˿׵ϸ꣬ϱ˯еֵۣĲЩ 
ֻʣһˣԵĲݶûһ˿ů 
Ѿܾá 

ء 
ϱֻеԼһʹ˫ź󶼲Լˡ 
һ󷢺죬뿪⼸յźȫһϱ嵱һڣֱûзſĴ㡣֮ᣬϱʹȥˣĽ¡ 
Դǰǳֻ֮ᣬͳ˸ϱҲ֪˾Ϊʲ˵ִֻǶĥأ 
ϱͷ­ҲйһĴ𰸣ˣĬĬܣһǶƺ˶ġ 

ȻϱѾԼԽԽ޷ȥˡ 
ﲻסļ֮أϱѧ¹̳ɽǸѪи֪ƽˣȻǷ˾޷ȥһ죬ϱ֪ԼΥĸյԸӴ˲ٻصҲׯǣڻУֻһϣǿһԡ 
ֻҪǸһĻӦþͿԽеˡ 

ϱվⲻȥϵĲʣߵǰ 
դΪþµĳˢ͸һɸζˮƮ䵽ɫ̦޺ľϣЩ̵ɫϴķһĸҸҵĳ¶ζȻϱʲĵطأ 

ȥС˺ͷϸϸ¶ҶʪɲֺγҶ뻨̰¶ˮһ٣֪ȴ޷ؽ 
ǷŲµˣԼֺγǣ 

̾ϢʱľŴһ΢֨ѽ 

ˡ 
ǹܼϲ硣 
˵ֻһޣӦǰϹܼȥġ 
⡭ǳѾͷ˵ĸ㣬˳㣬һ˰ɡ 
Ϲܼ黹ðĸ㣬ȴ֪Ϊε˸˵ʱҲϱ۾ϱһ¾֪ˡ 

ϹܼҲ˵ϱġ˵¶ͻ΢ЦڴɢܼҵĹǡ 
⡭ʵϷˡҪұųȥ 
ȻϷ˵ָ֮ˡϱŭҲȻصĵ˵ͷ 
ˣõĺܣǼ䷿ҪִֿҲŴˡ 
ϱ 
ŶˣѾ𣿡 
ǰʱǰѾˣֻ˼ҶһˣҴææҲûиϷǼҪµģߵʱϴĲԸ⣬ȴָȥˡǼҵʱ׽ 
Ϲܼ̾ϢϱȴɵЦ 
ἱȥӦòΪҪͲ赽ȥذɡ 

ϱ֪ΪʲԼͷֱģֱͨ 

һߣǵġϷ˶㡭ܼҵĻͻȻһתƵϱϡ 
ϹܼҲصģҲҰۣŰͲҸϵԽԶԽã⼸ҪǹԹԴϷҲκβҡֻǡ԰⼸ҪɵĲһдһŵӣôȵӻҲæˡ 
ǣǣҸϽȥñīϹܼæͷǣתȴֻعͷϱ 
ҵĲ԰ڳ㲻ˡǲ֪ʲӡ 
˵ҡҡͷˡ 

ֻʣϱΪµĻ˼ʲᡭ 


******************************************************************** 

ùʳĸڴƷģƥ˻֮ 

ˣȥʲͷ 
ǣ 

Ҷˣһǰһߵǰˡ̽һ£ͻȻһתæķ˻ 

ϷˣǶӻˡ 

 
ҶĻ䣬ʹһ춯صĽк 
Ľɢſڴܳһ 

ֻĽüϵЩȴ߹֮ʣͲʮȴûһ˿ɬòʷ͸ЩƣȴȫͬΪķɫϺЩЩı飬ԶڸϿõģW΢Ц 

Ƿֱ˶ĵܸܵ磡 
ҪһȽϵĻ겻ı壬Ǹʢĵա 


14 



㲻˵ղŵ𣿡 
ĸǰȵʵϸϸһ¸ĳˡ 
ѵׯʲ£ 

ᣬﲻҪˣǼշͷĹͣĸϹˣҲûעʱ̫磬Ҳ㰡 
˵뿪㲻죬ֲСޡԼСһɵЦһɦͷĿɰģĸֻҡͷķݡ 
ҲϴСˣûиƻʮѾ̽磬أͿʮ˻СһİĲׯ㣡 
˵׻˵ĺã˲ð࣬ȻһҲǸҵ֮ģδزֻ޴磬Ҳû롭 
˵գװһӡ 
úáģʱҪ˵ĳˡ 

磡 
Ϊĸֻ˵Ҳò죬Ҳ˵ˣ 
                  üЦס֡ 
㣡 
Ҳϲ̵ս裬òŮıÿľˡ 

ϹʵĿصģҰֱʹϲء 

䣬ֻ¶Ϊѵɫĸĺһ 
ˣЩףƾ͸һϻ۹˵ͷȻҲܲ³һ 
ǲǣ 
˵뿪ϼȥд󵱻Ů󵱼ޣҲ֪ġ 
ĸĹסĸĸ첲ˣ˵ʱοׯҲû 
ʱʱʱ֪ҪʲʱиͷѲҪصģ 

ǲȲҪ̸ܼȥ԰Ĳ԰ 
˵ܼңҷȥˣһٽ˴ȥҲһʱ̵ġ 
ԼҺˡҵȲ 
¼ϵİڵ£糾͵԰ķȥˡ 

磬硭⺢ӣ 

************************************************** 

Ҳׯ԰˵󲻴ȴػأߵȴһǧĶ͵Ĳ԰ 

ǹ£ѵ 
岽֮ңǼĲ񷿣һ辰ҲûС 
Ĳʲ 

Сֹһ䣬ͷϹܼҴ·ȻʲڲϸΪĳ֮ҲԵô̶ 
桭ʲᰡ 

ߵǰ棬̽ͷ 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

ͻȻҲһͷ­һ˫۾Ļص 

㡢Ұ 
𣬾δؿڡ 
أǸҵ԰ģ 
ϱȻҲŵĲ壬ȴû˿¶ 

ңҴӴŽİΪҸ͵ 
̫˰ɣ㱻ڲ񷿵ӣС͵òã 

硭Ƕӣ [ī] 























15 



ǣ֪ң㵽˭ 
عӵĻСĽϱǹ԰ūۡ 
ϱϡǸϱ 
´һڲȴԵþȵССū͡ 
ɫļĺһ覴ãֱͦıʵ촽ڰ׷˫΢Ĺ֮Щˮ⸡Ũܵü͸һȴʡһˣʵڿʲطаġ 
ĸԶӳ⣬ȻйϼĸӲţǳԸĸ֮ڣԭĸ׵˵ǣȴĲЩɻ 

ϱᱻˣ԰ڹܣ 
⡭ϱ֪Ӻ˵ֻ÷¡ 
ʲʱ򵽵ģΪֵˣ 
뿴һ԰ģǵ߾·ˣԡҸղ˵Źһϲ𣿡 
ǣϱֻдĵӣڹþҪ͵ȥġֻǣдʲģԾͲɵ 

ͷʾͬ 
⵹ǣд˿ɲˡдĵøơ 
ǡ 

ϱתдֽǴСֽϵīûиɣ޷ݵϣϱֽȴ޴վڴǰӣԹϣڵϱɵЦ 
ϱҲΪЦܵ˸ȾΪѾŵɺͻʱ˿̾ĪͻȻãҲĸˬʵЦһЦ 

ˣֻǴոְˣνǡܾơ 
ضӵĻϱҵʱ򣬶ӻǸĺͯ 
ϱļһ˪ĸӦûһСкֻǣ븵֮ģࡣڻĸȻҲദһʱ䣬ȴȫһӰ̣ΪʲƫƫҪɺ޵һ 

ӿܲǵϱˣϱҲϲˣӱ˺ܶ࡭ 
Ȼ˵òȫʹ棬沿Щĳȴָһݿݵһ㵹ϱ׺һ 

𣿡Լ°ͣȷϱĻһ㡣 
ᣬϲ 
Ȼǡÿˡ 
ǡѲСʱܳ󣿡 
ϱһ㣬û뵽ķӦϱ˼ 
绹ûͣͱЦ߻֡ 

ˣˡ 
˵գִЦ 

ϱûм󸵻ϲЦˣʱеǰδеȻ 

԰˴⾹ΪЦĺ㣬ůڴ̨ϡ 


********************************************************************** 

˵ʲ᣿ʲ᣿ 
ĸѵ΢΢һ٣ȻǰСӡ 

Կװϱ԰Կװҡ 
Բ֪Լĸײˣ֣˵ 

Ҫʲ᣿ 
ʲ᣿ԿȻǷ˰ 
УĸеĲˮһڣѻ˵ķڶ 
Ƿ˴űʹģ罫ؽȥģûл֮ǰܳȥ 

ʲҪã͵ԡŻ𡢻߱ 
֪ūţҹܲ 

Ķӣӵ鲻˵ȷϱȴԼ˵ˡ 
 
ĸһţüͷšһˡ 
Ҳ֪Ǹϱ˵Щʲᣬһæ˵ײʲа 
ʲײаֻǹܲ԰ģû԰һʲ״ 
ûһ 
ĸͻȻ˵øЩ⡣ 

 
֪ĵشƣҲҪǷǺڰף֪ʲ˸ðʲ˲ã̵ֲܽˣʲֵ顣 
֪ĸ׶ϵĸпֻǲ֪ĳɼֻ˵Ǹ꾫ɨǣ˵˵һֱлͣǶµȫȻ֪ģҲȻĸ׶ϱⷬۡ 

ϱˣҺܺưҲءҵǾ˼Щ춿ˡ 
                  [ī] 






























16 

˷ˣҲǸ꾫ĶˣżһͷָҵĲǣǲС˽ģǴͨһң 
ĸ޵ֱţϵĲĵ졣 

 
üͷֻĸ׽֮ϼҵʱԵñ 
ڴʱǡɴſھĸִѯʡ 

ʲˣ磬ﲻˣ 
㡭˵ɡ 
һǵˣɷ˵Ľߡ 
Ҫѿܲ԰ϱųǲͬ⡣ 

䲻֪Ϊʲ˵İ˵ϱ˳ͷȴҲǶԸĸϱڲеĴ淴⣬һ͸һΪϱǻˣƺԼе粢ϣϱ˵ĴūŶ춸˵һأ 

㲻ҪСǶҡ 
 
硭ֹס˸ļ롣 

˵Ǹҵļ£ûвò˵ıҪϱûзĴ£οѾһҹҲǳͷˣ磬 
У 
ĸ 
۲Ϊһʱ˿죡 
ĸ~~~~~~ĸͷȥģˣӵСվһԽĶŵĸֱһ飬ɵҡҡͷ͵Ц 
úã۲Ϊǰɣ㽫˳Ծܲ԰̤԰벽ĸ֮ڲҪٽ԰ͼ𣿣Ȼӣ 

Զ~~~~~~~ͬһơ 
ͲҪȥ԰ˣȥϹܼҷ 

վסʲʱӦˣ磡 

ĸæǰֹӵжչһ 
վſԹصС۰мӣ׼ϱٶҲ 

ĸ㲻ҪˣСӡα£ϵĲݵС 
ǸҲҪȴҡӣŻ͸һ 
绹Ǹӡ 
ˣү̳мҲʱҲͣл 
˵ĸͻȻͣһ¡ 
ǲСˡ 
ĸ˵ʲ᣿ 
˵ͻĻ° 
ĸеĲ£תס֡ 

֮ǰԴģƻûûϾ˼ڻҲˣҿӾǻ֮ᣬѡӰǰ˰ɡ 
ĸ⡭ 
  
̸֪ܾۻ޵£ȫˣȻòׯⲻһǴϻҲоʵĲԾǲǸû˿˼ֻ߸Ѿ֮ˣ 

*************************************************************** 

ϱϱ 

ͷһֳֵڰͷµϱѡ 

ӡ 
ϱȥ 
ҳȥϷ׼ͻȻ굹е⡣ 

ʡһ춯֮ᣬ񷿵űɰ׹ƣϱգգ˵۾ 

ϱ 
缸ǳһץסĸӲߵϱ 
߰ߡ 
ߣȥĶ 
԰Ȼٵп뿪ü궼ǵˡ 
ɡǳȥʾϷ𣿡 
вǸҲׯͷһӡǶõõĻ׼ɡ 

ʾֶֻ֮ҪЩ 
ϱͿˡ 
ʲᰡ߰ɣ㡭 
ϱķӦΣֻǣӾߡ 

ϱãȻѹѾٶȷصƬ͵Ĳ԰֮ڣֲԶһּ亣ĺաдǷݹϼ죬̲ݰȻ̺֮ŨīȾ˹ 




17 

Ϧ£ĺɫ𡣾ӱǼҼƵƵĹ⾰ 
ɽ±һ֣ǲ԰Ҳׯǰʯĵ·ҲļͽȥȴȵĽֻһ֪յҲضոա 
мʱɢɢİڿˣصСҲӵվгЩ̯һߺȴ˿ҲѾƣ⵹ʹм˲١ 

ϱϲ֣ϸһ˵ϲţҶΪ飬԰֮صƫƫϲֵĸһͬмԵЩˡǣֲҶӣĲ˵ǴˣȴӲҪǣܣϱü˦ȴûжþһһϣں͸ǣֵ¶ȹġмϵ˶࣬Ҳע⡣ 

˵Ѿʮˣȴͯδļ߰ĺͯһЩǺ«ˣ˹ġ˻һ޴ţͷ״ͷϣӲǼֵǣϱֻؼҡ 

һ룬һ˺һͷţһڴߵĹϡϱ̾һȻȴû˿ѹֵ֣ĺܣ͸һľ븵ʱȫȻͬģΪʲôͬ˻ôһأ 

ʮꡭʮĸʲôģ 

ϱԺѰиʮӣȴֻųμǰΰΡȻȻԭСֻһף 

ʲô 
ϱĻ˼·ŷѾ˺԰Ĳſڡ 
Ϊ±ĸײǴġ 

Ѿǡˡ 
涼û˼ôǣŲ԰𣿡 
ҡǲūҲ԰ūۡҵı֡ 
ûޡ 
ʼ硣 
ô㣬ȴְصģ治֪˵㱿ġ 

ϱȻһЦ 
ҾҵʼնֻиҵĲ԰Ѱ 
Ϊ԰ֺοػĸյ£Ŀأ 

ˣﲻֹһᵽǰ£Ϊʲôôʹ㣬뿪Щӵ׷ʲô£ 
ٲǰǵʵ 
ȥˣҲաӣǲʵĺЩ 
Ϊʲô 
Ϊ 


ǻĻ簡 

ڴʱֵͻȻ·ļɽ˳ͳһƬĺ԰ԵøɭųƣĿ֮ϴŭ飬ϱôĵطȻܿĻͨС 

磿 
֪ˣȻܸϻĸҳӣ״縵 
磬㲻ǡ㲻Ż 

һЩͲˣںڰ֮лע⵽ֻ֡ 
ôˣȥ 

мϱӸгֱ֣ͦ˻ش𸵻ʻ 

ммҪǣּ翿磬˵ЦһСʤ» 

磬ôˣ翴ĲԾս򸵻ļͷͱһ㿪ˡ 
磬һᵽҷһ£ 
ŵܵܣֻ˵һ֣ͼԶȥ 

ɺ޿գ 
ΪʲôƫƫԼĵܵܣȻϱ磬һҲֿ˽ʮˣ֮ƺκδͺˮϵǡô죬ǣֵϽ̸ֹ֣δ̫ˣ 
 
ϱһϱ 

һʲôֶԻ˻磬󡭡 

ĸһ 
 
ıӰңԶͥԺʧһŭͺβԹ飬þòɢϱ֪Щʲô֪һתһѪȷǰס 
[ī] 























18 

еһԣ̧ҹʱ֣ɣԲް붷ǳ 
΢΢ֻŵҶ˿ҹĵĴĳĵ롣 
ϱǰһпڻůſϣЩȴĿġĳȷʵ̫࣬ҹλ֮ʱǷݼȺͳδй·ҪػϱԺӵ 

ڸʮͷϱĸżµӣڸͥ͵֮»㰲֣ǻŵϱЩʰϲáһ£ĸѾɥ֮ʹлָϱ֪ǲֻʱĳ嵭һл䡭 

ͥʱѰøأߢĲҶͲ֣ѡһЩֲׯÿÿǴϱĸףϱ֪Ϊĸǲеĸ֣ǽģָоĶȡˡүĸ׵羴ģǴЩȣЩãԽԽǿңֱһ죬ǶѻĺصҲϱĸ׻ 
ǣ·ҵŮȻŭǴһվŮټ곤ү꣬Щμ穡ִҪϱĸӸϳţȴͥ˻ҪȢѶԸͥУ޷Ҳĳԡ 

ֻܸЩˡ 
ʵֻԸ԰еһ꣬ѿϷֶ˵ֶֻѡ 

ĻϱǵԼҲһ̣Ϊĸ׵ľػĳ嶯 
԰Լĸ֮أҲȥֻ֮֮󣬱ضҲΪǧеһٶȻع顭 
 


~~~~~~ 

Ȼһѷ죬ڳҹ롣Ұ׵һԽϱͷԶ֪ɽ 
漴һ˲ȡĺ 

ϱ䵽ϣڴڵŴвͳͷз·ҲհһƬ 

𡭡 
 
޴Ļ磬̼佫ľݰܵУֻĸ׻˺ѷεĿ޺ţǸ˵֡ǸˣȴѾͬǼľһȼɻҡ 

ңɱҵĻͥͲ 

ĸһֱ߶ŵĻᡭ 
 


ĸһЩˣܿͻб꣬ļǳġ 
ϱӵٵڣϡ 
֨ѽ~~~~~ 
ľĦſ򷢳ڱǰľԵø̶ 
ջҪɲ衭˯ɡ 
ϱﵽţǾڴʱͻȻֱƿȻһЩϱƷڵء 

㡭 

ϱſ񼤵ķ羹ЪĸҴӣ 
ӣ 
ķӦҲ죬æƵĲסҡεε˨ 

Ҫˣӣô 

Ҳ𣿡Ŀԡ 
ǡϱͷֳӡ 

̧ͷ 
 

ϱЩ֣ûĻǺȻ̧ͷϸ 

ȻǱһζ 

Ļϱ׹ 
δȵŨɢϱ͸еӱص׵ҡ߮ϣĴĿҵϯ 
˺ҧſʳϱʵĴꡣ 

ϱʹŤ壬βĿҪＷѹϢҪȥϢС 
Ҳ뿪죬ͿʼˡƾܵŤ 
ʹϱüͷŤһ𣬺󱳵ʹʹòͷŸ 

ʲô鹴ҵܵܵģȻΪ㿪ѣ˵зζôû뵽ıԾˡǺ~~~~~~~Ҳԣĸ׵ĶӣһȻû뵽ĸѧģֹǲհ 

ָǨŭϱȼһѻ𣬽ǵնϡ 

 

𡭡ϨĻ𡭡 
ǼľݣҲûĸס 
ᣬϨǳ𡭡Ȳˡ 

裿ҲʣϱŤ͵ǰһѽƵڴأֳסɢĳ 
ҵֺҵ𲻹죬ֻʮҲһҵԹһмô㣬һѣȴҪǷµѪծŮˣȴΪ 

סڣҪ˵ˣ 

𡭡ô󡭡 
԰ҲˡҶ귢ž죬ѪȰĽζˣǲ衭һжȼš 

ǸұŮ 
ססڣסڡ 

ϱ͵ƿ¡΢΢Ŀкż緢Ļ档 


ղŽҡ 


19 



ղŽҸ 



˫Ķϱһ 
ϱһȴûлӦҲԾǳĿ־֮У΢΢ 


ҵ֡춽ˡ 
˼񾭷·һ˲ɳ 
ˡûнҸ 
Ȼ˸һ۹ͻȻûһ˿뱩壬ȴǾˮ΢ġ 
شҰΪʲ᣿ 
ΪǸҴӡ 
򵥣 
ϱվϣ̧ͷԼԸı飬ͻȻЦĳ嶯 


˵ʲᶫεģǱǺὫ֮ҵľ롣 
زܽϣΪ֮ľ룬Ǿֻƽڲͬĸ߶ 
ʱҲֻ໥ܳ⡭ 


أϱҪЪˡϱĿʲᶼûз 


ûʲҪ˵ģü΢΢ 
ûС 
ϱ渵򿪷ţѾƯĴ꣬ǰģһƬֲʲʲᡣı飬˵˿ʲᷴӦѾҪˡ 
꿪ʼЩļҹȴ磬Զģķҵ趯ľ㲨ơ 
Ҫٽҵ֣ļֵòϱĻӦ 


أһ绹Ҫɹ衣 
ҵ֡ 
빫ӡ 


Ƕϱľ֮䣬ֹ͵ͼᱳϷţ˨ϡϱķٶѹͷ˫˫ƽĴϡ 


𣿻ΪǰҶ»ǲǣȻˣΪʲҪ踺صĴڸңﵽҪʲ᣿ʲͼشң 
ҡϱļͷҪϰ˦ѳȥһһ̬Ъ˹Ŀǣϱ֮ڶûмġ 
Ϊʲ᲻ش𣿣˵㣡 


ϱûлشıܿ 


شңΪʲǲ˵ʵϱ 


~ 


ɫĲӦ˺ѣƬ̳ΪƬ¶ɫ󻬵ļһ¶ڿУϱ΢΢Щɪ漴ʧȥĿһû˶һ˿΢˷ 
ϼı˵ѾϰΪʹʱǻüͷһγͰᡣ 


 


ͬһĸҴӣΪΨһˣȴҪʱĸ׵ǰַռһ߸ϵӵģȻİռ壬߾ȫˣܲޣܲӿ 
ǣУ 
ÿÿһԺһĻ˼롣 
ǰû꣬ûг֮ǰܷ 
ûзүûзܷĶ 


ΪѵµģΪ˱үΪǸǵʮ漣 


Ϊ˱ġ 
 


ڱصһϱʵĵͺעƺʱűȫ壬ֱˣſӣźͰǶĲЦӣֻʱŻһı仯ϱĳ̲ȼȻǿȣȴǻݵķӦʱӦƵıס˵ı۰ҧȴ״ƻÿʱϱ͸е۵Թһ˿Բ飬 
Ϊʲ᣿Ϊʲ¶ı飿 


ҲֻиԼ֪ɡ [ī] 


 






20 



ɫ׵ʱϱת˽˶ı۰򻹻ϤбļϣƣĸеϢתͷһԼߵˡƽĶƻǳľĸξȻ˯˵ 
ϱֱһ£˨εı˽漴Ķ˦һԡ 
͵߽û 


 
´ĶʹȽżûֻҲվҲǵͷһϱϱ£š 


ÿһڸ߸ߵ﹡ϣ·Ҳ˵ײײСѧϱÿ춼Ҫչ˵Ĳ԰ɵ¶һ˿Ц΢͸ʪһ꿴ѾֵĽǧĶ԰ʡϱһ¡ 


 
ѾСҪһ󣬴ɲҲ£˵Ĳ費紺ɻʳԹ޼Ϊģ 
ȣҲȻ 
ϱԭǧĶ԰еĲҶΪյնʧƷʣҺһǡʱҲԾ 
޼ʵĲ躣ÿһƬҶ类֮ˮϴӹһˣʫƣ 
 
 
                  ɽʪƣϴ㼡δȡ 
 Ͷӣ紵ִ 
 
                  Ҫ֪ѩĳãǸ¡ 
ϷСʫĪЦƼˡ 


ԲˣʫеȤ 
ϱ䲻ʫȴҲ֪ʫ˶ǸģҪȻ⾳ĺʫƼˣϱƺδйˣӲ˵УҲֻ԰ͻȻð 


ϱĺ硣 


ϱΨһȵԼĸ׵ŮˣȻ棬Ҳ֪òǧһģȻϸҵĴӸŸСûһøУ٣Ѿڶٷˡ 


СҲ硣ϱһ 
Ｐ㣬ͽѡ 
һ 
԰еĽ壬һļ𣿡 
ļɲժֻǴЩ 
ˣĲ԰Ҫһܡ 
ʵҲտϱֻϸҶƷʡ 


ϱǫѷ̬ȶ˭һģǶҵ׼ٷˣǶ˷ҲĳЩط뵽ĸס 
Сϲ衣 
ֲѧֻ̫࣬ϲȲ衭ˣһοļոտɷң 
⡭ϱ΢΢һ㡣 
𣿡 
ǡСΪʲҪѧأáˮ費˵Ĺ 
һ졣 
ŲأҪҼҪÿ˲赹ˮġ˵ʲ˲õĻϽסԼ죬һ˲ʱǵͨ졣 
Ѿˣϱ¶ǳЦ 


ҪǳٷˣٲҪźɷţϷһЩҲǱҪģʱϱҲЩǶĸӰڲ԰ˣǺֵÿĵ£ϱȴֻƤ΢ЦΪʲ󲻰ԽԽ󡭡 


ʲ᣿Ȼ䣬ָһĽ 


ϱ۹ָһ·ȥһƣȴ۾Ҳ벻 


ǡ 
ϱʹܵһ³ѿĲǰò૵ 


ǡɲ衭 


ɣ 


̵֦ɴдܳϸҶĹ֦ɵİ״һԵĳһģɫм䷢˼ƻȺĻǣССȴǾˮϴˢ̴ڣW 


ɡˡ 


ʮˣ 
ȵɿһ죡 



ָӵһ˲ɽӿϱ֪һǵһиýʱˡ 



ū21 




ɣʲ裿δ 
Դͷǻ벻 


置ɽϲ衭˵Է˵ώ࣬ʮҲѵÿ裬ζʣһܽǧ仨ҩٵáҲֻǴ˵ѡ 
˼ʱش 
ϱعͷǸһ˯ˣƽʱ˯ȫˣƫǸȴͷ˯ 


˵ûɣֻû뵽Ȼ￴ɲ衭սϱߣµɡ 
ʲ˼ʵ 
ֻɽĶϣ֮жϲʪģůĴ˵طѿأһ˻ˣ˵ץץͷƤ 
Բоϴ縵һЩǵĲҲҪʱҪϰһǶֵֹĶȴӰ̡ 
һֱɵϱͻȻѿڶ 
 
ʮǰɡ 


ʮǰͥʹ置ɲѣΪֻе˻лһ̲ĲѣῪѵɿνǧѷ꣬ĲҲֻһʮţһʮŲмſԳɻͥ͸û뵽ϱĸ׸ıɵģʽȴҲʧ˼ɵĲѣȻյʮ꣬ȴһĿ˻ȴѲ䡭 


Ŀˡ 
 
ǰǷ¸һծرˡģԸһҪڸҲׯ 
ڸҲׯȵɻ֮ʱ 
 


ϱϱ 
ļͷе΢΢Ϣ䴫ͷעϱŷΪȻδѻ䣬͸黮䵽֮ʧµἣδ紵ɣһ΢Ĵꡣ 
W 
ֻ뵽ʡ 


һƽƽūͣԼҲȻǶ˷УȻʱ˵ȴһдӹ 


磬ϱǡر 
Ŷ˻ 
ܾЩľ£ЩӼľ֮ܣ̸಻ףͬΪ˵۹⿴һζ 


ֻϱرȴɵ˵ֻеԼǰūĳ̶ƺԤ뵱˼֡ 


ǿٶȻ䣬סȥ 


 
ϱԼʧ̬æĨȥһǱ 
Բϱһʱ鲻Խ 


˵գɼȥͷһԵͷʾ⡣ 


ֱۣȴҲ£ֻǿϱתľݲٳ̾˿ 
ˣ 
ɻʵ 
ҿǼʰ 
 
ҼʴõĲūȴûС 
˵ϱ 
ǰ 
ɥᣬͻȻһơ 


ˣҴҪȢ㣬ĲׯҪտˣãããһĵ⿴˵Ŀա 


ʲᰡ 


~~~~~~~~~~ 
縵ƺδԼǹռѾѿǸҵãеģûС 


*************************************** 


磿 
ϱϷţʹƵߡ峿ϱؿڻǻһԼ 


֣ǰ 
ϱԹԵ߽Ҳֻ벽 
ˣ 
˵ָգĵٴѣϱеԼЩ̡ 
ûСֻǳ¶ 


ɼѻԼҲ͹ˣиҪиˣ뿪Ҳׯֻʱϵ⣬ԸϷ˵֮õģ飬Ǹ᲻֣ǰһΣݻͷԼɡԣ 


ҡѾˡͻȻڵ 
ѡ񲻽ҵ䣬ҲҴӡ٣ֻʱ򡭡ɲԽҸ 
                  [ī] 




















22 



Ҫ󲢲ְɡϱ 
˫ڵͫʱϱЦ 



ֻڿѾҪˣһƺѣΪһΪӵϣȥɡ 


 
ǴΪʲһ仰ڵ˲䣬ебѵĲ 


ˣٽҡ 


 
ڲ֣ڽгȻûκβϰߵĸоϱ΢΢Щɻ󣬵ʱ䲻˼Ĺֻ࣬ſֱۣ㽫ٶԼߡ 


ɫıζûȫˣϱѹ棬ǰԺлҳҲӲȥĿաףʹ뿪ʹһ磬ҲԲļʧˣʱ֣ԽĶȴԽǻ̹ġ 


ҪҪҵĵء 


üһ˿Ϸζĵѯʵ 
ϱһ˿᲻̫ôߡζɵǹһĨԳЦ⡣ 


ܺáǳá 


ĴٶѹϱľòĲΡ 


*********************************** 


ӽʱ򣬸뿪 


ϱվڲ԰չҶֻǣǼտɸ˼˼ҹһžǴߴɿļʱ꣬ɾȻѾڲ֪䳤ˡ 


ͥ͵Ϊɼɥĸ׽֮䱦ҲпԴĿǵĸػ֮ĵϱҲһοĸѪġʮźҲûдɵԸֻΪССĲݣٶĿҲֵá 
ϱѽԼһ֮⣬˲䣬иʲˣҲǸÿǿˡ 


뿪˸ҲׯҪȥ磿ܣûԼİ֮ڸݣ뵽Ŀס 


һ룬ϱͻȻԼԭǴ޼ҵġ 


ιʲ᣿ 


һֻշǰζ 


Ƕӣ 
᲻Ҫҹӡ˵ 
йӣʲ᣿ 
һ簡Ҵ󣬽ҲУ 
⣬ɺͳ 
ϱæ֡ 
òãǹū۾ͽйӡ 
֪㹫ӣ˵ĻҲӣ 
ǡ 


ˣͽһò 


ֵеıȣϱֹ 


ڸ𣿡 
ɸձѿϸһ 
Ŷ 
ӡ 
Ұ㣡 
вУĻ 
ϱƿһֱܰȥչ˵ӣ 


Ҵأȥ˷á 
˵ϱ 
ǹһһˣܹܡˣ˵һ簡װĵһۡ 


ǡ硭 
ϱЩûҧԼͷΪ 

23 

˵ڸ˼ˣ 


΢ЦӺͬѪԵϵĸûһ˿ԣȻ߰İȴǲҲزס޶ 


ϱͬĸңѾʮĸͷˡ 
ʮ갡 
˼һ¡ 
ʮ궼԰й𣿣 
ǡĻش𣬸Բ۾ 


찡ǾȻʮꣿʮ갡Ҫʲʹͣׯⷿһ֮ᡭһССĲūѵҵ 
ǣүƹܲׯ¼ӣܾˡ 
ܾΪʲ᣿ 
ɻʵҲϱʹĸ׵Ļ 


˵ĸǶͬ죬ͲʲᣬοүӲǵ˿ĸƽƽݶ飬Ҫ˵һǵһҲԻ 
ĸ׺͸үǶΣϱ˵ѡ 


˵뷨ɡָָԼ̫ѨԼأѵûҪʸ𣿡ˮʹߴУֻǰˣ˲ر㲻ǰأ 
һ˵ƫϱˡֻһ˵ˣϱҲǰֻĲǽǮȨƵǰǺա 


˵˼ʵϣ밲ڸҵ̹£ȻҪȵҽӹ˸Ҳׯ֮ˡ 
³ͻȻԴǣϱ˵ѹ춵ͷһ 
£ȷԼĶ䲢ûг⡣ 
ǰҴȢ㣬ͻؽˣȻʱٵһ֮˵˵ЩӹˣҲǰ˵ģڸ㣬Ҳи׼Σϱԣæ򸵻Ҿ 
ϱεºܣҸʹְ֮˵ĺá 
᣿ҿ㣿ü 
ϱңǡ 
ǣҲׯϱľ֮ذǳ٣ׯ˭ϱҪߵġ 
֮ϱʤΡʵӣϱ룬ѵʱǡ 
ʲ᣿ķӦϱղһޡ 
ǣҪ뿪ׯΪʲ᣿ 
ȻԼһʣƽ׽˵ĸԵȥĸͥһֵϱ̬¶ɵףҲԼģ뵽˽˿أϱɵýĨò¶ǳЦߡ 
ӲؽǣϱҪҲڣ԰Ҫչˣ⡭ϱδˡ 


ĸʱ¶Ĳֻһϱ֪Ѿûʱˡ 
 


ʲ᣿ף 
ǣǲסԭµģΪһ⣬ǱѾˡԣ֮ǰдһ飬һһ˵һģһȴҲǴͬС졣ϱԭ׮ݣ¼ԭί˵ļˡ 
˼˵ҪɺǱ׽ңȻᣬ뿪Ҳׯ𣿡ȻѪԵϵˣжٲ 
ǣ 
Ϊʲ᣿ 
ΪǸҲׯļ̳ˣ 


Щ󲻽⣬ûϱ⣬һݱ΢ū۾ȻʩյĲ԰УҪǵȴΪ˻ȡʹͣҪ޴־ߵǸ֮ˣû뵽ָȴǹˡ 
Щˡ֪λظϱ󣬲֮ǰһҪŪ 


ղ˵ҪµĶҵļ̳ˣҴأΪʲ㲻Ҵ磬Ҫңۼ̳ȨҲǳģҪɻ飬Ҳ۲ƹܲׯֵǣΪڲŽ˵ңǶ˵ 
                  [ī] 



















24 
ΪϱһԴǼӦԣֻе˿̵Ǵ̴һϬ˫ۣһ 
ϱӣвѵĿԣӲҪ׷ˡ 
ϱ˵ڱȻɣȻڲԸ˵ǿҲǸķ񣬲Ҹһԣϱ²ǵǰҪĿģ롣ȴһҲ 

Īйأ 

еĲ¼ѿڶϱʱӲı֪Լ뷨ʵվıϡ 
ȻΪҴ硭㲻ɺͲ׽Ϊǲׯļ̳ˣǲܽԲԣҪңϱȻ˵ϣ㻹ʵʵ˵ҿɲֵĲ岻 

˵ǰǸҹǳ񹲷ߵıУجεĿʼôһһ˵ôٶȺĻ 

ΪӡǱףˡ 
ˣϱԶԹƬΣ㻹ǽʵ߸硣 
ô᣿ΪʲôҪô 
ΪҵԵʡ룬ӺϷһǻڶĳޣԲŻǧټƵҪ뿪ׯ·ضϣҳǷҵġϱ˵ͷһʣһܰѻ˵ꡣ 
ϱǸҵĲūҲǣΪȴøүôҲûԣһֱؾڲ԰зۣҵȫүµɣһҲ 

Ǹ˵ͻȻ޷޲ƽ 
ҵҲΪô˵Ǳ㺦ģ㽫еһ翸£ǲǶԼ̫ƽˣϱǰסļ 
ҲôɵˣԸܿ࣬Ҵ磬ȻҲֹһֱ˵ĳ羴żͷֱ۽˽ԺͻȻӹһͷ 

˿ûһ㻳ɡΪʲôʶգȴ޷˵һ԰ūۡҶĵʲô˫峺ȴ壬˵ÿһ仰Ҵĵغÿһ鶼Ʋߡ 
죬ҾȻҾȻ 

ĺͷҲǱʲôסһ˵ŵĺ»ΣȻɿսϱͷָ۾ 

ҴӦ㣬ҽӹܸҲׯ֮󣬾͸ɣһ 
ӡϱû뵽ȻӸĿ֤һ䡮ɡ꣬ȴǴӸҶӵĿ˵ 
һΣûжĴ 

ϱлӣϱӿͷ 
ϲӵĹڵأᣬۿйãڻ 
ϱæסϰӲĿͷȴΪԼĴѡ 

ҵĻδ˵ꡭһɣҪȥأ 
ҡϱ˿ڣûȷԼĻش 
һ˵㣬Ҫôȥ 
޾֮·ϱ 
΢Ц˵ 
ʶ㣬Ըˣֵܣʹպָ֮һϣڸҲׯū 
                  ҵĴɲҵһͬչģԣҪػòã 
ػ 
ǰ㲻𣿡 
ϱͷûлشò˵ 
ҡѾҵǽӰɣϱѡ񹥳ˣϣӳȫ 
һʱ֮䲻׸ı⣬֪ЩҲǼõģһЦ˵ 

Ҳֻ˵˵ûʲôȻ˵Ҫɣ;ʳ㣡 
ˣϱٴΰлˡ 
ˣҪһ𣿣 
ǡ 
Ҫָ֮ҶӵĻҿɲˣ 
ǡǰһƬȻʣϱø󼸵ۣΪЦ 

翴ȻչЦգֻһɼ¶ĳ󶼲Լˣ򴽣͵Ľϱֽ߬ס 

ϱҡ 


磡 

Զŭееһ˲佩Ӳ漴ٵĴԼгѣعͷϵǴ縵Ŀ⡣ 

硭 
ڵæĽͷöȴЩʲô 
ӵܵܵջĿ⣬漴ͶעϱϡЩǶ˵һ 
ңûʲô 
û𣿡ȷղǽ˫ӵĳĻ롣 
Ҫңȥмˣˣ 
磡޸ݵ޿̡ 
㵽ʲôҺϱ˵ش°ɣ 

ƽʱԲԶײ磬ڣո֪£뵽ϱЩܵĥ޷ٳĬȥˡ 
ƺû뵽ԼĵܻܵԼ˲ȴһûĵ 
ϱͷһ֪θŭɶˡ 

磡һû뿪ׯҵĻңϱҵūۣҵĲ԰㵹˵˵ôҵ£㣬򣬾Ȼô˵ 
Ҵ磬Ӧ㣬ҲոҲΪڸҵĲ԰͸ҵĲū˵˵Ҫ˼ҵ׼أҲ֪Ժζ 

ܵһףŭЦ 
ãõܵܣȻҸ˵ķ緶Ҳǵãн̹ҳԲѷϱͷעϱҪ¶ȥ 

ҲĳȥӴ˾Ͳصٶߡ 
ҲֻʧŲÿҹ£ 

ȥûҵ 
Ҫȥϱ 
ס뿪ϱֱۡƺ翹ˡ 
ҲҴ˺㣡 

٣˺ۣһٱ䣬⻰ʲô˼磡 
Ӧú磡 
ϱۼ̬չȵĵز¸һСĽ˵ºɵͨͨ©ļǵķס硣 

Ҫ˵ˣ磡 

һѿڣϱ֪ԼڻǴ˴ 

硭硭ʲôʱȻֳƺ 
ڲŭѾ˵ޣ 
ļˣ 
ƻӳĿȴǷΪĵܵܡ 

ž 

ϱεټ⼸յƣｻᣬ˾ûķһ˳ȥӭɵȥ 

⣡ 

ʵʶ岻ɵƫ˹켣Ȼصھ軨һ֮ңĵطײάĴʯֻؿһ𣬾Ȼ³һѪۡ 

ϱ羪һʲôҲ˲õĳǰȥ 

Ҫ˺ѷεĴȣĽŲͣ 
׼ 
Ըٶȳ嵽ǲϱԣᱧ 

ϱһ۸˪ĿգȴųʹľͰûڣĸϱǻ˹ȥ 

߿ 
˵ 
ûзλ磬㣬ѡˣͨСݵ·ǡ 

򣬿㡭ϱмСݣͷҲصĽܵܣ侲̲סβҲ 


25 

õ򣬿֮˵۹ּ˴̼ôڸһƾѪҲֻΪ⵽Щˡݲݵд˼ҩӣȥˡ˵ǼˣȻҲٽɻ˸СЩļū鼸չϱһ£ûзԣֻĿŵܵܺͦƵСūҩ٣ʢ֣ʲôʱµȵȡյĹͿȥˡ 
Ҳ˰ɣ˵ЩӲɣһ£ҸҵūҲôûá 
ֹס˿ڣӻֽ֧ȥǡ 
˵ģҲһ˵㣬Ҫǲչ뿪ڣžˡֻһῴ磬СѪ 
磬ֵ˵бҪô𣿡 
Ȼǵֵܣ˵Ļ磬ϱȻǸССūۣôҲǸˣĸǰһˣǲãϱ޹ذôĥǲ̫֣ 
˵ģ 
ûУֻ˵õġ 
 
Ĭת⣬Ҳ֪Щʲô 
磡 
ǰ㲢ûڲׯ֪ۿŵʲôĸоﵱͻȥҼŽ𣬿ȴƲסơǳʱһ΢΢ѹԼĸڡ 
ʱ򣬿һҹ֮ͷİ׷޵ĸγϣйľ֮Ѿεĵ㣬ܺݣҪǶҵҲȥɹ跿ҲͲô֡ѵ˵ΪǶ𣿣 
ǳ⸵ûֳȻ޷ͬܣǱϾǹ⣬˴Ҳɵ˫ۡ 
ҲΪĸӵŲǣѾˡܸοϱĸҲͲǹ¿һˣĥĺ̡ 
ĥЦһȹĵ 
üҲ֪ҪôشĻĲѾ̹ˣĴ˵ʲôġ 
̾˿ 
Ҿ֪˵û׼ǳһǷˣ͵ûȰ㡣 
ȻĻһǶ˵ġ䣬Ȼûн 

ұȥ㣬һ˵跿ЩС鷳ǲҪҳ֣֪Ҿ͸ЩҲͲŪЩ 
Ȼϱ˺ûֱӵĹϵȴҲΪٸ綼Щ 
ʲôҪ֣ 
ҰģĻ¡ 
εı˫ۣöġ 

ѾΪ˼ڣ˾ǶȥˣȻĲٰأԵĻᶼûˣ磬Ҫס 

***************************************************************** 

æȥ֤ʵܵܵĻֶٵ٣Ϊϵĸܻնֵ࣬ҲͿׯ˵ֻͶʯ·ѣһ˴źڲͶ 

˼͸˼ȥҲø⣬ǲҪЩ 
˵ˣǵ𣿡 
ɵӣô£ôԶϷأ￴ 
鱦ϼʮУдӾϺõĴɾߣĸȻǻ˲ٵ˼׼ģһУΪ˵ĸȴȫڹ 
Ϊĸ׼ڴߴ׵ǿӲһֱƭŪʧܸС 
ֻ߲Żᱻƭǿĸ̵ֵһ仰 

Ϊʲôûиң 
ʲôĸæѡΣһ۸űɫ׵ʱҲûС 
ʲôʱʼ׼ģΪʲô綼֪ˣȴ֪ 
ĸʱŻͷ 
㣿ֻʲôңܵȣܣҲܣ渵ҴڽӴ̫ˣҲһ仰οϹͷ֪ʲôʱһȣȴϱҲȲ 
£ȭסĴһܲ͸ϢŬĿԼŭ𣬿ȴףԼûʵɣ˵ûɷĸ׵Ļ 
㿴㣬ҾͲΪʲôôִӲǲϳɻ飬ʲô㲻ĵط˵ҪʲôҪĸӾͲܺúõ̸̸𣿡ĸ̾˿ͷ˪̾Ϣһ̣۵ڸǰζš 
æŲׯ飬סһȴԽԽԽ㸸ףȴԽԽ㡭 

ָյļ֮󻺻ɿˣĴǣҲΪݼѹ˰ವĺۼѿĴǳһ˿ѿЦݺ󣬸Ƶ 

ֺγ˽Լ [ī] 





















26 

һ·ֻ̤Լһܣҹ¶ȴвһ˿⣬ԼҲû¶ȣͬҹէֲЩԼƤ⣬Щ֮ˡ 
ĸҲ˵Ķԣĥ˵ģƼһת³ɿգʲô£ȵʧȥʱ̾׷ĩǴˡ 
ĸ׵ԸȢһޣһ˿Ӧˡ 
ؿڵ鴤ҪһĳʹĽкѹֻǱˣʲôҪͻǻѳƵġ𣿼ɶţǲԸ޵֮С 
ҪûͺˣôĶû㲻ٸеֻţǣٲ˵ʹ࡭ʹ࡭ 
 
ЪһʱϱһѾˣտʼѪ˿³ССĿԽƽϢǲϳָŻҲٳչСūŸʢҩͱ˽ȥȥˣյľʣϱһˡ͸ϰߵĹ¶ҲΪİҩζסϤĲ㣬Ŀʼռϱͷ 
˯ȥˣͷŰҩ룬ϲŸն˵ǰһ̲סڵĿȴҩӦڴߣˡ 

ˣϱ룬ǰĸţƽϢͻĲʣһ֮ŷԼؿڿһ 
ҵĽҡ 
ʱͶˣӦûڲ԰ 
ѹ֣ùֵֹģôϱ³šŽŴ򿪣ͱԶƮ紵һ¡ 

Ҷ 

ϤϤͻȻڿһ˵Ĳ԰ϱ۾֪ʱ˭ˡ 

û˯ 
ҳߣû뵽֪ߵˣɼһİɡѽҵݵϱǰ 
һĸΪԼ۱ûйϵ 
Ȼ۹ڲ԰΢ҹ󷢲壬ȴƱšʰʹ 
ǡлл 
ӹңϱתľݣͷȴѹ˿ʯֻý·ľţֱ߽ľӲ㲻ٷ 
Žûзǲ룬ǿϱǿıӰ첻ŷһصҩգԼǼŵζ 

ҩôˣСūأü˵ʵζ˷θ 
ܼҽȥˣﷴòҿԼ 
£ 
ϱƬŸ־ͱһŵһ 
İ״ɱ˳ĻϱʳָСС˿ȻѪϱ֪ԼΪԴҲٶˣͻȻһ˿ѪɫԼɬļԵĸĿŲˡ 
ڸʲô 
΢С˿ڣָĨȥѪ˿Ȼصİš 

Щۣȴů͡ 
סƴһ˵¶ȣϱ̧Ƥһ۸ҲûУֻп˽յַ 
ǵǱײ˱ͷģôͻȻɵɵڳϱñĶǣȴ紥ֵ̼һ˻ 
ôô̡ȥҴ򣡡 
á 
ĻͻȻ˷Ӧϱ³֡ 
˯һͺˡ 
˵ţڴͷ̴ٶȣȴˣɽ֣ӦѾֹסѪ˿ڣΪĽѹķˣǣϱǾúů͡ҪЩÿҪòڲڵƤӣû֮жĲ 
ʱﲡʱҲҪ 

ҲǹԼģֵȴû˵κο̱˵ĻҲееھΰɣϱԴôţǾȻֳһ˿Ц⡣ 
˿Цʲôֻűɿüͷϱ˯ȥĿתŵûɿҲɿˡ 

ϱ 
ϱ˯ܻȴһûԼĶжããûˡ 
ϱ 


27 

ϱסѾîʱҲʼûлط߶ֱӸֱ̹ҹҲӰӣֶһ 
һտʼҹҹˡ 
磬οĥԼĸֵûӵĸұĴɷҵ˰Ѿĸ硣νͨ˼ȻοҪٵ͸ֱӵĹϵ 

£ӿֹ֣һ˫նʱΪͻȻľƾѬ죬ڵǺ 
֪պαص 
ڸð仰ͬʱһбˮɵע뱭С 
ΡΡ 
Ϊ£ǨŭĥȴΪִܻ顣ΪɵĿЦ㻹Գ¸ҵҹµˣҳһ硣 
Ҳ˵ʲô 
㶮ֻӱܶѣȻûеϣӦּ뿪۲񲻸ɾ 
Ҫôƺ棬һصҺ 
ǿ۲Ϊֺοƽǰʱ˵Ʋ 
ġ 


************************************************************************ 

ص˲ׯ࣬ںԼѾһߵĵܵϣͷһ¶ı顣 

ǲˡô˵Ĭ 
ϹӣеĴ𰸣ֻǶڸ뷨ϱ⣬ֻǸԹߣ˴ҲֻͿգòĺ 
ҲֻѡԹۣȵҪֵʱҲͲʲô鷳 

ôˣ 
Ůѯʡ¹һſж˷ȴһ˿ӻʵԶ㣬̸ֹ֮Ҳƽ׽ˣңİĽŸģҲֻŮӲܵɡ 
΢΢һЦ 
ˣҷ 
ҪҪҰ㣿һĽֻиһ˵Ӱҡҡͷ 
ҪæĻһˮôˣ¾ʡ˽Ѿͷūŵ¡ 
úãȥ 

ѸˮҲˣҹûʲôȴΪ˴ҹˮϴ棬Ȣˣ򸴺ֻǸִƢʲôİɡ 
ЦһȴѾš渵á 
㣬ɡ 
ãкӴִֽŵġô 
üͷ΢ƵĲʣʱ͵͵ 

ȥܼҴһѾҿտҲȥ˲ˡǿȴͣڸվĨȥĺˮ 
á 
֪Լ˿̰ﲻæʹҴҵĲ˵סȥˡ 


Ծ΢뵣Ÿʵס 
ʱ΢üͷʱΣȴޱ 
ûôͽĿŸһȻʯһģˡ 

 
 
ϱ 

ϱ 
еֲǸסڲ԰֮еСū 
ǱʲôصôһƵģһǰδеĲٵֹ [ī] 
















28 










һ㽫⹩͵Ѿ֪˵طٸһ·ʲô谭͵˾ͿҪдõźܼҵϣ 
ǡܼҽźβȥҪǻʵǱ 
˵Ҳˡ 
ǡ 
ܼҽźҪ߳ȥֱ˻ 
ǵ;شõʱһЩ̲Ѫҩ 
ǣūˣ 

Ŀ͹ܼҵӰԶȥһϹܼǴӸʱڸҵˣ۴СиĻ©һܷġʵÿһαϾҪ°סȣһͣһλҪͷҲﲻáƣˣϸŸɴһξУԸߵɧš 
һϸ룬ôû뵽һ㡣Сˣ¶Ͽ뵽ռϱͻЦ̵ĳȴͻȻԼȳƺЩʲô 

Ц̸̹ΪʲôԼôأ 

ţԺٶϱڲϳ˯ӳڣܾԼЩȻʧԼһҲûƽʱ̩ȻһͻԼ˺ϱ 
ϱ԰׵ʱϱĸʱ;ľ˲ 
Ϊʲôֳ滹ﶼסǲǿ־壬Ǳ 
Ҳû뵽ԼȻô 

յҩˣ֪ˡȥҲǺõġìܵĸջΪԼڡ 


²ͣһ͵˲԰ԶԶһ˽ȵǡ 
ģͣˡ 
ڼ˵ɲǡ 

ŵܵܽϱ£ιҩĿʲôͻΪɬı飬ûһеסÿһ䶼ϱĴЦ 
ЦûԹЦģӸһƺЦݶͷˡ 
ԭЦӣƽʱƲߡ 

ֻԼǰһƬ谵ԼΪʲô˹زνԣȴǴ۵Ŀԡ 

𣿻ΪǰҶ»ǲǣȻˣΪʲôҪ踺صĴڸңﵽҪʲôʲôͼشң 

Һϱ˵ش°ɣ 

磡 
 
硭 

ԭˣԭôһ¡ 

ʲôĸ׵ѵʲôǱԭֻҪһʲô׿νļ־ôĶ𣿣 
ʹͷͬʱıߺ޵Ļţͻ״ķĳ֣ĸ׵ıƻ飬ʧȥϱĿ־塭Ѿƣȥ²⻹ʲôԭˣţͬʱ˱ѣ 
ʰҰܵǣٶԸ߸ϵ̬ԭ·ء 
һΣһε̡ 

Ҫҳף 
Ͱ˫˫ܣ 

ãܺã 
ٶһ˿ˣ 


****************************** 

յ賿Ϸ˲ƽʱ磬ҲͣڴԺСУææ⣬֪˶ڵӵţʱʱ̽ͷеӵһҲ²⣬ֱ︵ҵС˳£ľʹǰȥϸϸ֪ҵĴӽҪס 
һʱϢķзûȵҹѾΧĴը˹ 
˭֪ҳԶĴ֮ңʵҲĲ̣ǸӸѵõΪ֪꣬жٺ˼ҵŮӶгһտԳΪҵֻ̣ǸӴҲûۿĸһۣ˵ôżĳףǴҶ׼̵Ĳ²˵硣֪ĸŮӾķˡ 

ҲһˣʵһҲûа˯֪ͻȻӦ²˵Ĵæνһǵ˿ȴһͷˮܺǵĶٳɴҲʵϲⱳԭҲٶ࿼ǣֻ󸵻Ĵ 
ϰŷѹϲװ뵽ҹҪеİߵɽ˺ģϲ֮ȴξʯѹؿڣ˵Ůڹؼʱ׺˼룬Ը˰ɡ˳ؿڵһ°Ū 
ͬʱϱվذĲ԰æµţ˵µԵıκ˶ƽۿɽȴû˿˷ܣҲѾȵ̫ãϲԹʹ࣬Խ֮ʱû˸Ƿݼ 
ϱ۾ͷĬĬڿǣңȪ֮µ׺͸үĻҲտ԰ϢûйǵԸӴҲˡ 


ҵĻʱڶĴæûеݻҿϷ˵ȼͰţĽ°ã˻еʱϲֶӣ˾ǣϲ󷲸ϵϵĿ̼ҲˣԼҲаʮҲ֡ 
ӿͷһֱϲģ糢̿˵Ϳĺܣֲ˵ܹıһôһ˼μӻЩûгɼҵģҲʼˡ 

һֹ֮ͭ󣬱ǶϲѾͷĲȻ·˾ƺһһľƣűǵףϯϵĸϷ˺͸ҲǸԻ£ǰ߻һҪβøռ̺ƣΪ˽ģҪǸ˸ĵ 

˾ƣһ˫ָ߸߾˵ 
ҹǸĳ˴ϲ֮գлλݰ٣ϵĴæҲܺúдλĳȾһʾǸ⣡˵ţеľһ 
ЩׯʢҲλ̼Һѣ˵ʵҪ뿪ҵ᲻ã޲ɢ֮ϯս˱磬ĳҪһ¡ıͶ֪⣬ϢҪ˵ص㡣 
ĳӳɻ֮𣬾Ҫ뿪ݻؽϼңӴ˱㲻ٹʲׯ£һεĻҲȫҸĳǱλı硭Ļһڣµ޲꣬ȴ֪źĶ໹ϲĶࡣ 
һ¡˵ͣһ£תĿܵܺĸڵĽ俴һۡ 
˵Щ飬ׯôҲҸĳгɾ˶ʱҪ˶ЩᡭʵߴңĳѽׯϷڳ͢в˾ȫȨϽ಻գ㲻ǸҵĲׯǵӵ԰ 

һƽؾףȫֻѻȸ󱬷ǰκʱҵľͷӶزס˷ 
ĵ͸ĸ 
㡢˵ʲô 
磡㣡һǰס˸죬Ѻö˶˵һװĺ档 
磬ʲôʱ㲻ҪڴǰӯЦ˵Ღָܵܽ 
罫ҧĸֱ죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲĻͷƽһĿڲҲʹ 
ãҵĺô磡 

йްĽ˦˲ôͥڵĿͷҲصŭȥŵܵȥıӰֻ赭дĸԼ·عͷһƽսȻͬĲõЦ 
λ˼СܿЩˣҲعǼûв裬ƵǶĺܣòҪ 


*********************************************** 


˵ô£ĸЩĸãֽŪǸȴֻǰ˰֡ 
ҲˣЩЪϢ˰ɣ밲 
 

ͷҲص·ȥĺӣǵƻӫӫСиŮڵҪЯͷϣôٻȥǿյĲ԰СݣűŨŨǱǸиûˡ 
ƾӸǻӿסؿڣϲѾﵽĿΪʲôȴûһ˿䣿 

ÿţĴ޵ΪȴĽʹȥǷɬĺ˿úּ־ȵıŸ 
ǰҽɰ뼷һ˿Цȴᡣ 
ı鲻ԣҲ˲ɬϽǰôǲﲻ 
ҡҡͷΪʲôԽеôɣ 
ķӦȫ֪˼ 
ʱ·ڵķͻȻ߿ 

磿㡭ſվŵĲֻ磬в԰Сūϱһ¸ǺͿĲٺͿˡ 
磡Ҫ˵ϱֱۣûֱ̿ʹעŸ 
ǡˣҾ֪ǻ˦˫֣վȽŲͷ߰Ļصǡ 
ϱеŭ𣬿Լվ䷿жôĲƣֻ֪ҪסһнҪһͷһ㡮ͨһĹڸǰ 

㡭㣡ҪѲ԰ߣ㣬ӣ 
ϱò˵ţɫɷף˫ֳŲӵ󷢶˭˶Ҫܹͷȥ 
ջس԰˰ˣҸͷϱͷ 
ס֣һֺ޲ֱۣôߣһ𣡡 
磡ں˵ʲô 
죡ҪΪҲ֪ʲôֹ˵ֻܵͷϱ 
ˣһ˸һϢ㲻ϲֲʹؽĲׯȥһǧĶһĶ԰֣ԶҸҵĲūԶǣҲߣԶ˩סһͥԺΣԶˣ磬ֻҪֻֻֻܿܿÿÿ嵽ͳͳ 
ϱصżϣԾ˻طڣס°ڣңǸûмĻңɫһĲ԰ףĸģ 
ûϵϱûйϵϱҲûйϵֻӡ㲻Ҫ²԰Ҫˡ 
ûʸ̸ҵĲ԰ 
㲻Ҫ̫֣翴ȥֻһŵϱڻڲӦʲôܵϱ߿࣬԰ǶôӣǶôҪɣڿ૵˵ϱʹ 
ھͺȥ԰㵽ס 
ҲףһֱףʲôֵܣʲôĸծʲôʲôҲͿı 

磡ڸʲôеĸĸż͹ܼҹһ۾ͿСӻͿ૵ϱ 
㣡ﺦǻǲǻҪһҲŸİ֪ʲô£ΨһԿ϶ºϱйأֻҪǣϼĸӵģһûк¡һֱš 
ͲҪˣȥ԰ھȥ 
ΪʲôҪȥҪˣҴϲӣǶҹȥ˵ŽܵһƳţĽϡͷʹһƬңҪ徻һû˳ִŵʱ䣬һԼЩʲô 
绳бϱ޷˫˫ڵϡ 
ǰĹʧխ϶䣬ϱͻȻ󷢷һ˵ϡûи͸ĸĴһ 
㲻ţ˵ 
˲ʹһһεĳײż̵飬ڵĵƻȴɲֻһļžϱҲûԤϵڵĽΪе鶼ڽ֮ýѣȻƺûҲûпĿѡ 

˷ˣ 
ϱľٶŻ˸ĸҲŭ 
ƫҼҴϲ޴ֵģǴҪҸԻˣԽԶԽã 
ūǰקסϱеļĸ첲еĳ˫ţǰϰ̧Ĵӵ·ſͥԺѹסΩһСܻȥ 

Ҵ򣡡׳ϱϣÿһ¶ҵļУʹ˵Ĳ壬ľ 
类ūıסֻܿϱ֮ʹڽ¸ϱĺ׷Ī 
ɣģ 
ĸĶκϱԹ޵Ŀ񣬺ܿ£һˣס 

˾ͺˡܹͷ,ǶôʹϼҵˣҲҿ龰 
ûп˵ġ 

ﰡҪˣ 
һµĹǴƵģʹ˻š 
磡Ҫϱ𣡴磡 

ǴҡҡҲҪ 
ϱǿľʹ·ȥͬʱһݵı۰ϣһǹͷѵϱҽҲľͻȥ 

˲ֶټūþ򵹼˾Ͳ֪ĳȥסϱ˺ۡ 
ļūһʱʧ֣мӵϣŵɫҰף̳˹ 
ҪٴˣҪˣʵ޷һĸӵ̬ΪʲôҪ˱Ƶزſϰأ 

Ҫǻ򣬾ʹҺˣҰײ˴磬һһ˵ϱ£ͷֳһƬں㲻ǶӽٲҴ磡 
翸ϱһϢ壬˺ĸ׾ŭĿǵȥȥˣ𾴵ĸףԾɥ֮ʹĸףȻ˺ݶǸһѪҺ״磬Ҳ˵ĥź޷ϱΪʹΪԼʹ࣬ΪûбϱûҪĶ 

ߣϱһһĳŲ԰ķţӴĸլԺûһݵϵˡ 
߰ɣҲҶѾûµļֵˡ 


*************************************************** 

ڴǰѾʱ 
˿̵ɫҲʼЩ΢ֻۼδһҹļž 

ڴͷûһ˿⡣ 
ԼȻŸһҹŲ 

һֱôţ˭Ҳ˵˭Ҳվ߶ڽĵıֱ̲ס˳ƵķΧԵ΢Щɶ 

лֱӺ˵ǡǱϾѾǷˡ֮ҹȴضȷʵӦþί 
 
ûлشҲûжһļԾ͸յĴľ 
㸵ҵˣʲô²֪еǼɬɵҲЩ 
ΪѾǸҵˣ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá 
䶳ʯͷڿʼзӦˡ 

ΪʲôҵҲӦзݰŮʱᣬŮҲһ 
зݵˣ̫ˡվͷעӡ 

ˣ 
㡭Ϊʲôʣ 
ǲһ̵ܲˣ 
ָǼµĻҷϣۼ񣬿ϱ͵ܵĽк޶ԣҡĲ̻вǣʼ޷ӵϡ 
ѻشǲǣͻȻЦˡ㲻֪ôشΪ㰮ҡ 
ͷӵһμ棬һۼǿ¾ѱϤ 

ǵġ㰮ҡң㡣 
֪ˣͲµˣΪʲô˵ѻƭöأ 

ֻ˳˼ͷβҶֻ֮飬ԲҲ˸ҵƷԲ𡣡 

ҪԲҪľͲԲ𣬿ǱġҪ 
************************** 


29-32 

ǡΪϱ𣿡 
ĵĽŲ˶١ 
ǲǡΪϱ 
ɵϣ۵׵Ŀͷŭѻĳô޶á 
ȻûҪֺµĴ𰸣Ÿ˦ŶȥĽŲֻҧؽؿڷĿɬѹС 
************* 

һҹͷԽѣ˸ߵĻҲĸϱϱűһĻĻ 
ΪʲôҪ 
ûǨŭκ赭д̬ȣʹν̵ľٶһΣϱĹԼΪϱˣȻǲ𲻶ġ 
ȻİأĮأԷµĵأһȫһϱ 

ҹˣ޷һ׺˵ǣԼΪʲô֪ĸҪϱأȴ޶Եҡ 
ƣδһöľ񾭼ԼӦ 
Ȼνƶۣʵǣ˫ȻͣЪĲš 
Ȼо£ 
ȫԵƾѬԵĵʱȴԿԸо¡ 

ԣûֵֹ޶ԣΪ£ڿŵɲǣصİವһûʬ塣 
˵ֻһΣȴڿŵ˲俴Ϥǰֵࡣ 
룬ֹϱ뿪ߣȴ޷ֹ 


߹ͨ԰լţŲͣ˿κˣˣȴҹʵһ޴ľٶǣվǰֻһ֮ңͽȥ·ȫͣˣƫƫʱ֣ɥʧԭе侲 

֮ûʲô˵㻹ʲô 

Һȷûл˵һˣɣ 


 


ϱڲ԰ʢɻǰһ 
ôսȷϣϱЩ֪࣬ʲôֱϱ˿㲵뻳еĳ嶯һ뵽ǻΪһ˴ˡ 
 
Ҳ֪֮ԭ硭 
ϱС㲻ʮεĽʣĿģڵЩ׷Ӫе̿ͽ棬븵ͬǣҪЩթȦӣȴźıϴ˵ұֳִ˲ƣĮʵ͸ү֮һҲĻ࣬żЩº͵ı飬ȴҲǰ¶ĸϱһͬѧֲһ̸Ͽ֣ȴٿġ 


ɲ衭ǸүʮǰɽϲժĲҶʮһֱڴ⼸軨ڸҵĲ԰šʮ꣬Ҳʮꡭɿɻĵһ£ұΪԵȵлѵһ̡ 
 
ϱ˵ 
Ŀ£ķ޳ϱܣΪּʹԼεĿܣ廹ǻ߳ܵķӦʹôƽ֫˴ڻһ¶ȵʱ򣬾Υļ¶ǻÿһϸѹ֪ʲôʱ򸵻ĥҲ֪ʲôʱ򸵻ռΨһȷǣһУֻӡ֤밲ȻĴڸңªˡ 


㡭ڸֻ꣬ڵɻǡҵġ 
үûн¸ǣͳǰɹʧ£Ҳˡ 
Ϊʲô˵ 
޷еɵܸĺĺޣһκһ˿ԽģѾˣЦǣһǹү󣬻ǻǷǵծ 

ϱһЦеĶڸ 
㻹ǵô 
ӵķҳ϶˶дšס֡ 
ϡġסڿⱾӵɲǣ˾ͺû˶ˮߣ͸ˣ֪Ϊʲôϱûнԭ 
׼ȷ˵дĲףĲףһ죬ˣǸΪ˲ǶһֱҲֻ˲ףĶӲŻΪòТһкĸ̵ҵТģ֪Ϊ˳ȫԻдף֪֪ÿдһ֣Ҷò龰ζǿֵġ£ôܽɽѡ𣿣 

úѣؿںʹͷһƬҡ 
סɻȫµֻЩôأңֶҵµĻҵǲǣ 
ڶ˵Ѿûˡ 
ϱ̫ĶѾʵۣ΢΢ĳüͷһЩʧĸʧȥ˹ʣŲӵָǽҲ 
ʲôûˣΪʲôû塭˵ûɣû˲ףûıҪǲǣҪߣûжǲǣ 

ϱʵĲ֪ν֪˿̵ҪĶʲôϵ˼˲䣬ֻı۰Ѿȷ˵ס˫磬ϱеԼ岻ԾײϽӲ壬۵ʹľӺͶͷϸСĺ顣 

ҡǲǸ뿪ҵɣ 
ϱеڲţͿˣףӦӦŭճǽڱӳ˵ıҲգ뿪˸ңҲ޴ȥģϱѾνˣɸľٶϡ 

԰в軨Ϊƻ紵ɢڿУ͸ϱŲȦСĿռȴӵǸ˻ɡ 


 
 

ȥˡ 
ԣ 

ȻΥ׵Ҳˣôᷢչⲽأ 

ǰǹ²Ѿ𣿡 
 

˵ָľؿڵ½ 

ΨһӣѾʧȥɷΪʲôүŹӣ 
ΪʲôǸ˵겻ɢľЩŵˣ 
Ǹ˵Ķӡ 

ã 
 

ĳ谵ķ϶ͶעһУ࿿˽ӽӰٲʮľݡ 
 
һѻ 
˹ȥ 
ǲǻֹĲӿ 


*********************************************************************** 


 
һ´ʾһ 
ȥɳ̨ 
Ϧ¼ʱأ 
޿κλȥ 
ʶ 
С԰㾶ǻ 
 

ԹڵڴǺ˹ĸ裬͸ʧ꣬һ˿Թ 
ûκζǰϱǼŲСݣȻΣȴˣվǰֵһԼ⡣ 

ɡ 
ڵͣţ治ɫԷ룬˿ҲԹ޵ı顣 

 
硭ʲô˵ˡһֻصʱֹ̬ȡ 
ҶˣȢҲΪ˾һТݹأΪҿӣʵȴֻˡ㣬һҲϲҡ 
˵üͷЩ΢ 
ԣʹҪҵĻһ⣬˴˶ϵĸɾ 
Լе㱻ŵŮ»ڶҪɷԼģ²ֹûдǹδš 

㡭 

Ψһİ취˲𣿻иõĽ飬ܹҺһ˷Լɷ򣬻̩Ȼܹ֮ҹҹſշ֮£磬Ҫּʺͳҵģֻ̣Ұ 

ǰֻһˣΪҲҪǣ׷ҵԹУӺʱҲĹߣ 
úڣͻȻԼȻô޹ˡ 
޹ 
޹ 

ϱֺγµƷ 
 
ɵ𣬺ϱ̸Ľ 


ΪʲôҪأ 
ϱƽ͸ɻͲ⡣ 
ԼҪ˵ʲôҪλش´ˣ˵ʲô 

Ҫߣǿߣĳ 
 
뿴ϱధӣϣϱʹʹȴ޷˵ߵΣǲǽʹĻϣֻܸоϱû뿪Ҳֻʱȷϱ 

һôЦľٶ˴ĸ˻Ƶľߣ 

ׯһ̣֪ǵõʧȥ 

ͻһ𣿡 
ׯѾˣҲûɡ 
һǲ㣿 

ڴרעϱЦˣЦܵȴ˾⡣ 
ֻǣԸɡ 

ϱ֮ⲻöӴ⣬ȥѾ޷ģ⸵ 
ǲµġ 
ڣѾûжʧȥľ£ϱԼҲôһ¶ѡ 

ǣڸȴһζ 

Ϊʲôǻ磿ѡһһ뿪 
ΪҪ뿪˭ԡ 

 

Ψһİ취ֻΨһİ취ˡ 
ЦľӪߣ飬˿̵ĸ޷ˡ 
ʧܰҲϱ 

 

һ´ʾһ 
ȥɳ̨ 
 

ٶȵ 
                  ˿̵ĸǳȴǱǰŨϼ֡ 
 
޿κλȥ 
ʶ 
С԰㾶ǻ 
 



~~~~~ 
ͻȻִٵĽŲŮŮҵôǱ徲Ϊһ׼ǳʲô£˼ҼҲû˻£ͷԹһ˿ 
򿪷ţԺɫҴҵӰ 
һӭܹļūֵ 

ô˻̻ŵģʲôˣ 
󡢴ӣˣԺԺʧˣ졢յ԰ˡ 

Էһ˵ֻ꣬ԼԺǱһѿڣȻһرɫߵͼū˵ʲôһѽūƿ㳯ź԰ķ񱼶ȥһ·ϣͨ԰СǸҼūѾͷӵǻĽŲԶȲԶŨ̡ 
ñǼʮС˿̾Զʳǵ· 

硭磡 
                  ðŨ̵һͷɱ˳ɫǱѬͷһź 
硭ûмϱ 
ϱѵûкһ𣿡ؿٶӿһִٵĲ 

Ӧú͸װˣˣǿйǵʹȡȥĻᣬ뿪Ա˴˵Ľ˲ 
ΪʲôҪʧ 
һ˵ʧ 

ûһΪȥˡ 
Ļһ࣬ԵĻܣûϤӰ 

ġ 

԰ôĻΪʲôóֵȴûг֣ 

㵥ʧ 
ʧ 

ͻȻһһԴȺ˳ȥ񱼣ǰľ̵һӡ 
 
ڵỤ̃԰յžĴ𣬷Żյңеھ٣ģҰ￴һЩǿҵȴڿľǰʧĸףƬݶȼľʱȫ̱ˣ 

ʲô˵ʲô 

ҵҡĸļͷ˴˶Ѿڻͬȼ 
뵽ˣһ˲뵽ˡһţ·𿴵ʱվɹǰͬ龰 

˵شң 
磡ͼץסǯһ˺ĸ׵˫֣θľˣһѽ𿪣ͬʱģĸҲֵĵĵڵء 
磡ʲôĸף硣 
ҡҡĸѱǰ龰ŴĿ˸֪Ӻ˵𡣡ҲǹģҲ֪ 
ӻʲôƵģȵĿҲϲ£ 
ղ˵ʲô 
Ҳա԰û 
ĸ׵Ļ֤ʵĶ䲢ûΪͬʱӰѾȼŴľȥ 


磡 
סȴֻĻޡ 
磡 
硭硭ҪȥҪȥĸײֻסĺȡ 
Ҫ˸ңҪǶֻյӣ֪Ϊʲô˴硭ÿ¡֪ղģǶղġʱûҪұҪɱңҪɱһҰ 
㣡ΪʲôҪͷһƬң޷Ӧͻľ档 

죡ǿˣҸ磬ϱʲô찡 
ֻŭ 

Ҫ԰Ҫˣʧȥһ԰ϱһлͷԸҲûлׯ 

źǧΣͷеȾˣ 
 


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ȵĻ𣬺Ạ̊́ĿĶһƬ졭 
㲻زˣʹӵ䣬ǻᱻյ 

һ߽ڵʬ塭 

ϱڴţŽĴᣣѾյĽڵĺȵĿܣÿһڶ̣ܣվĵĿܣ֪ܿ죬ЩջٵĲлͻή䵽ϣ͵ľꡭ 
ΪʲôҪӿ 
屻ȼգͷƤⶼʼήʱ򣬵ʹ࿪ʼеʱ 
иү 
һġ 

һ߽ڵʬ塭ǻϵ 
 


ϱϱ 

Ǵٻ 
ǻռһ¶ȣ 

ϱعͷ˸ 
ûɣеĸȻھԼôĵط 

 
ϱϱ㻹ţ㻹šӵ壬૵˵š 
ڴ˿̣ϱܸеÿһϸĲ 
Ҳǲµȥ֪ġ 
 
ĴȻ̣ÿһֶӡΪʲôʱץסΪʲôɣ 

Ĵһʪȣ֮£¶ȾȻ˺ԵĶϱǲᷴΪѾɵˡһ̣뵽ֲĹȥѾ޷ӦľٶȴҲ֪Ծˡ 

ͷҵǰ뷨ʵ̫ˡ𽥰ΧĿռ徹Ȼڲ 
һʲôծҲʲôҲãض㲻ˣʳԣҲãһȥɣŻ򲻷Żʲô塭 

ʲô˼ȻҪѡһ𣿸Ϊʲôô˼ıף 

ҺͿˣұ㡭ŪͿˡ 

ϱֻԼõ૵˵š 
§ļҪԼۺһĶϤİ 

߸ߵĲ񷣬ľ¡ 


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󣬸ҲׯֻʣһƬŰƱڲкǧĶĲ԰ҲȻ޴棬һ𣬾˵һҹҵĸΪǳΣѡ 
ͽ˵֮󸵼ҵ϶ǲɢ˼ūŸҵϷ˻ؽˣչŵӣҲܴܵޣȥ 

ȻҲΩ²ߣʹ˴£ʾǰǳͬҵֻԸϷ֣֮óŶԩ긴֮˵ơ 
ҥԣҪŻΪ 
СûǲҲֹһ֮졣 
о֮˵׷˺ö죬ֱٸʰо֣ʼµĲ԰ֹЩ޻̸֮ 

ʱѾ˲ɲһ¡ 


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ɽСмַǷȺڶΨһͨĴ·ϣԶмƥͷ䳵н⼸գ̿Ͳ٣˿·ȥ˶ˣСҲ˸վ 
СİϰЩİˣɼװһЩģǻԴͷӶһ 
ҲһβǶͬеУһԲ̫Ⱥļһš 
ΪֻǲôǶеһԱ 

·ЩݣȻ̫࣬ȴǲ̫˳ۣ·һȳһգͷϴһңȴڲұһªİ̺ۡ 
мЩϵǰòСˣֵټͷ߶㿴ȥĵطҲֻһ 


ϰ壬ûҪĲҶ 

һªĲ跷ǰͣ˽Ų̧̧ͷϵĶңѯʿӵĲ跷 
ࡣ˰跷¶ְҵЦݡ 
˵ǻҵطɽõĲҶ̣Сʲôûа 
ˣҲʲôãϰ߶ĸеͷ 
˴Ű̺۵΢΢ĳ鶯һ¡ 

һϹء 
Ϲأ֪֪ϰͣ˿ڣкƴóһҶ 
µģҶ 

˿Ҷ۾ЩŹ⡣ 

ӽˮɶɽϲ衭Ĵ谡 
Ҳ֪ 
ЦЦͳǮˣ㽫ֽ뻳С 
ֽһ㣬ĲҶֻΣÿֻ裬ÿҲֻ㡣 
̵ϰȻ֮⣬ֻǣе֣ÿظֻʵࡣ 
Щ֣ϰȴƭƾŶ꾭Ӫľ飬˾ǸƷĺ֣ 


˺ܾãߵСԽԽƫƧĵطսһũᡣ 
ũķ漴رˡ 

̨ϣһ֧ССĻ¯ЩˮһߵĴһˣһ˯ĺˡ 

˽ͷϵĶȡ£¶ǰ㿡ʵףߵǰ£˯еһӡ 
ǸŵĴӣȴһֺƽȻȴ෴ûôĽӦ꣬ûΪҳӵΣƽܶ顣 

ϱϱѰѾ˯˺öˡ 

ϱ۾ţʱѹǸ֪챻͵ܵȳ󣬾һֱ˯˯˺ܾúܾˡ 
һ𣬸ѾԸȥ䣬֪һĻϷΪǳȳ˻ݣǵõĳͷҲΪǳĸȫˣҲʱظһҲͷ 

ǣϱȴ˯ˣǳ˯ǲҲĳͷǲ 
Ҳԣһֱöö飬ֲ裬ɹ裬ô԰ӸܣһۻˣҲ㣬˯ǣһҪѹҷģһôˡ 

ÿ춼ιȲ裬㻹ǲǵöЩʲôأѹһҪҰҪش𲻳ҾͰڴϣÿȣιɲ桭 
Цţϱƴ򿪣ȡ´ԼϵһңС 
ϱĸµĽңϱĴСʱ򿪿һҲûмӣǲǾϱ˵ɲأ 

ϱѹòãҪȥɽҪɲ裬ӦĲ𣿡 

ϱȶȵ֣ͷıϣ･ŨĲ㡣 

ĺ˵롭㡭 

ƣŰݶƤĻϡ 
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˯̫ãе 

˯˺ܾ𣿹ֲøоЩٶۡ 
 
ϱббתͷĲ棬Ŀǰªӣǳ֮󵽵׷ʲô£Ժֻ֮ǰļ䣬ڳ˯εĳ˯ 
ʵкܾû˯ˡ 
źǣ˯Уʶȴûȫʧ˲ͣĽ֣ȵĴᴥĴ꣬ɺԵע뷼ĲˮܶΣܶΡ 
ൽֱ޷˯ 

ϱʼٸߵ˼ţ۾ʱҪ˵ĵһ仰ʲôأ 

ǰĹ£ 

ǹǳ¹ԺĹ£ 

ߡ 

ǸǸˡ 
 

ļдߡ 




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