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1 

 С죬һ 
 Ҳǡ 
 Ȱ裡㣡 
 ˡ 
ЦݣֽĸÿͲ衣ÿᣬССĲּˣȫ˶ۼȲ쿴ũΪ½̫ԶĹϵеΨһһ̨װ˽յźŵĵӡ 
һվſڣӭĸףʵȴһֱЦҡ˵ϲæµӡ 
峤춽ˣҵˣֻǸӻ췹ˣ˵ְֺϣһֱסȥʱ˵ˡ֪ʵԼ˼ 
  
 ڲҪѰ£Ϻ죬ԣ28꣬176֣ƫݣԭϵҵԱӳҵ鱨2001128ճӣҵ100Ѱ䡣мƬ˻κ߿ɲ24Сʱ绰********򷢴********ҵϵ 
 žеıӻڵأˤ÷顣֪ΪΧͻȻǶһˣʲҲֻһѣΣڿȫ˶Ծĵңҿ峤ŭЩȲĵıʹ˿бſڣпҪ 
ϣұڴͷСݣ峤˸˷ûȻҲµﲻЩѹûԷֻڴϿ¹սС峤⿴ңѾ˵绰ϵ˵һߡʵӲģС滷ƽʱ뵺ϵʽһзƷĶ֡ԼһҴĻֲ֣ῪǸԴСҲһǰԭȻڡȴҵȻη 
ȻҲӣԭһǽѰĻ䣬һǡ 
ҾԼ100Ǻֵġ 
Ѷﷴƽһҹ˯ĺܰȡ 
ڶһ磬Ҿͱͷȫ˶ˣû˵ӴҵıҿѾӴϲġС족峤׼һҹ֮˽𾲾վᣬЩ㲡 
ϵĴѾˣҵֻǺұΪоͬ 
Ц˿ңһ֧Ʊ峤˵˼лĻȻ߹ץסҵֱۣ߰ɡ 
˵ȴסˡ 
 
 𡣡 
һ۾ңĿ 
 ԲҵȷӦá˵еϣ̰ 
˴ûٻͷҴδޣһֱֻסЦģ 
ںϺСʱ˰ѵͷ 
ϳһ·ϿѾİķ羰һֻĸоҿԸоĵһֱڿңҲĿӴԱ̸Ŀܣǵסƣ 
 Ϊʲϣ 
 ʲ᣿ 
 ˵ԼӦá 
̸֪ѱⲻˣүֻҪ˵ͲںҵԸתͷҲӦãΪʲ᣿ 
һ̲סĵЦˣ죬Ҷ֪ûгʲҵܣαװأ 


2 

ҿЦı⻹õӢһȭſǸͦıҲңĲңװ޶޺ĺ汦׺̫ˡ 
ҿ⡣ 
 ΪҪһ´ֻǲܰǱǮ 
ֻܾˡĬĬ˵ 
˹ȻЦĸˣϺ죬㻹ίԼǰˣ㻹˼Ǯģ 
Ĭ 
֪ӵϵˣں100֧ƱһķһƮƮֽүŮԼĴγֻ100򣿿100춺ܶ˵ͨݡϵ˾һ»֣װµĲ豸ǴղǮֻܼʹֻܳϵС洬ˣУÿҵĵװźŽǮҲˡ 
ҾΪϵΪǮϵϵġ峤ֻǷŭŭǸﷸŭԼˣŭƭ䰮Ůֻܵͷ 
һҲǡ 
 ǸŮĻͦϲ㰡û㣬Ҫ֪ˣúԼӲҪù˱ˣ 
 
ҵ͵ľȻֻ֪ȥһŬÿһ仰̼ң˵ûǸ˵ӰʵһֱңʹããеСȻѾȥһˣĶĨȥʹĻ䡣ƫƫ˿ܴΣǸ֪ҵ塭 
Ѿ̹̹ȥһУڲͻȻԼԭʲҲûáУҼʹƴҲһһ 
 ģҲġ 
͵ĻعͷŴûйԼĻɡ 
 Ϊ㣬Ƕٽ֦ˡһѾŪļɹһˡصֵط˵ʵڵĻ壬˽̽ȻҲ㡣ҪʹõһУǵһӢǻٵˣ˵ȥһЩҪ鷳ˣҲҲǸŮģ 
Ѿ䳰ȷĳΪҲǱڵĲǳͺ˲١Ҳ˲óַң˵Ǹ˵ķŭѾԽǱԵˡΪڵϹҵЩǼٵģܲ᲻ܡӦأɴݽйߩȫҵȥΣԸΣǸߣаȫУ߸ϵүֻ˸ѰϷ 
Һܺ棬;ܵȥˣַϾץң׼ճأһ򲽲ΪӪӲεĻʧߣҵǳֻ֮С 
ССľʤǿ־塣Ѿʧȥǵ֪γҡǿɺ޵ıѣҸûйκԼͷҲûСȻѾʱһиɸɴ˽ᣬۻĶľѾͬж衣 
ͬħ̹ꡣ 
ߵ˵ԽԽ侲ΪʲҴֻǿŭѵر᣿ȻˣΪʲỹҪ°ڳʵʵĲţأΪʲ᲻ϷŹңΪʲҪϧңΪʲһҪңΪʲ᣿ 
ү֪ûʲʴʿڿˣҾɥƣѾ㣬˵ݴ̶Ļû 
ڼž֮Уҽ 
 
֪ѿ˶ãɫѾˡҸоѾ񿴿⩤ȻϤӵӳһٴΣȻһһΰٻȥԶƻԻ͵ĺεԴͷǶħļҡ 


3 

ţƹĲƺۿĵƹԽԽ춻ǿʼǺ£ΪĴ㡣һֽţ·ȥδĺѻһݺ֣Ҿоġ룬ҲΪϾǹһЧķңѾҵĳˡҵԸ֣˵þòˡ 
 ķǳŹģҪСˡ 
ͻȻ˵ 
һ£ﰵЦһ̫ˣȻҲ˵ڽӡһܿճ𣿩仰ӦúʺҵĹ־ԣһ̫ܿһÿ϶ҸĿ̫ 
춻ͣ˸ߴıǰӶѵڴ⣬æš 
˳ 
 үүͷүҵ͡ȥɡ 
 ֪ˡͷȥקҺۣҲҹȥ 
ұһδ֪ˡ 
ѾҳĴţû̸ֻ洫ײ 
 ˴ˡǰƽȥġ 
ĵĽŲֱ壬̧ͷ 
Ψ͸һ΢ЦȻּվġͨҵǸˣײˣ˿Ķҡ 
һҲûб䣬Ȼˣ㴩зҲעĿӵӵ£ʹҲɵԲλࣻҴɫıţп㣬˶ЬͷþûˣڵɹֺݣһֻݸմҰԼͬԱȣԽԽΪʲƫƫҪһƽȤСֱߣ 
ǣ˺ÿ˫Ư۾ֻҲ߶סĸоʱϤĺֻˡҽѶڣҵ³ֻҡԽǰԽǻܵĪǨŭһ˶Ĺ 
ҿֽսˣﲻһҲ˴ңȻǰûԴһǰǴҾر±򡣾ܾ˲ӱܣһǺ±򣬺¡ 
ãˣһ 
Ҿվ 
 ž 
ȻһݺݵĶ⣬׼һǼڵء 
 ˼ҼȻԽоץңûȨҡ 
ҲѪƽ˵ 
ҶĬĬһξеŭˡ 
ǣͷΨȴЦǰǸɫȴԽࡣ 
סЦû𣿸о죬ΪѰǾﻢˣ춼㲻Ҳûˣ 
ԭˣһηɵˡǰƾǼҵʲѹҲǵһηɿЦĴˣΪġʵֻԼһ˵ģνӷͬԹ񶼲ʵֵġ 
 ȻҾͲǷʲˡҲǰҵɵһЦ˼Ӵᣬһɡ 
Ȼ̲Ȼŭڶֻ˹Ҷĵڵˡ 
ûվȭѾ䵽ϣֱ۵ڵ̺һס֡ 
ץסҵ°͡ 
 ǷңҸ㣬һӶǷҵģȫҵģȫҪӣҾӰ˨ 
 ҲǷ㣬Ҳ㣡ۣܺһǴ˵Ҳ۸ˣеˣ۸ҡȻƢºͣԶ׸ 
 ûϴѧķģҲڿҿҹ꣬ԵǷҵǮˡ⼸нˮûжҿȫ㡣ҲףƾʲңûҲûǩ١ 
һû˵꣬Ѿ˹סҵĺܸоɱҵģΪ־Ͼ͸ƴΪҲһҲáҵʶʼģˡ 
֣ɱ 
֮û˭ڵΪʹȥʱ춱˷ˡ 
ڵ̺ϣͷĿѣȻվŬòҵ·˼ھʹ뿪ҪңҾȥͬ¸ȫˣƹӲˤϿɶеɱңһҪ߳Ҵţ 
ҴУһ仰һֱ˵еˣǩ 
һеˣǱ̬ 
ȥ˼ĿŭᡣȻܿ϶Լܷ߳ţ¶ģ˭Ҿ͸˭ƴһûݹҾúʹ죬Ǹղǡ 
ֱ߳ĴţֲкԶߵĽֵϣҲԼˡ˼Ȼû׷ͷΨҪŬסһͷʨӣӱضǱȻȫʹǰδеɳ졣 
ӴˣֻԼˡ 
¶ģͷʼҪŬȻڻܻСȥҲܿ𣬵鳹ƽϢΣȷʵȥᣬҪȥİŮԶһ 
ʹʹȻҸ 
ҸӰǰûٹҡ 


4 

 ҽϺ죬28ꡣ꣬ĸ뿪ҡΪѾûžͰҽȥһӴᣬΪźܰңʹˣҲã춣ҰʱҲ뿪ҡһ죬ʥĹ¶ԺԺҡҲ֪ŲʱѾİи 
ڹ¶ԺĺܺãȻܼ੤ԸĴٵĿǴԺǶҺܺáԺĺӣҲΨһĺӡĺͶСҲ꣬Ƕ½ˡֻңûҡ 
һΣܵ׽Բأ㵽ԺҵĴ̨£ԺԬ˵ûԸΪѾˣǵôǰİְ裬ҶԸĺӣҲܸԼ׽ 
Ԭ̵ʱ̾˿ǸɰĺӣЦÿۡЩģԺӺú᲻㣡 
ŵ߿֪ڴ⡣ 
 ץˣץˣһ˫ʪȵСִ§סҵһͷһϦһͿС϶Ц۾һ졣 
 磬ˣͯ 
Ц۾գΪץˣҲſޡ 
 ץˣץˣץˣ˵ııȥұСˡ 
ݵϣϰһƮܿҲΪһԶȥơ 
ܹ¶Ժʽţڴҵİ£һ˳˸СһֱŬ飬ú÷ϴѧΪ֪ʷԺѾֻԺǷģ֪ҲǸĺӡ 
Ժҷѧʼȥ򹤵һˣҽ§ڻʲҲû˵еǧѾĴݸҡ 
ҿʼһ 
ֻиƾĹڹصСڿȵ굱ӦڳеԱȻʱҲ۵ޣǺֵܿġҪǣ춿ʳٸ¶ԺӸˣˣһܾȥܵЩ·ʳ鱾ߡ뿪¶Ժᣬ˲µĵܵãԺҲԽࡣ 
꣬ҵƽʵֱͻȻһ죬Ժ绰ҹǼҳУȥҪһĺϢ 
Ȼɻ󣬻ǴһʳƷص¶ԺһײŴͯߺġ磡аѶųԺҵԺң˵ǸĺϢ 
ԭպҵܲ¶ԺιۣľһǮԺܹҵΪʡƷ񶼲Ըϴѧ죬绰֪ͨԺƼAѾͬƸ¼ȡңѧҲѾãһзϳеҾȥѧУ 
Ҵ˰ҲûӦͻͬΰĺϢͷ 
AĴѧ֮һΪ㣬ΪѧҲǳİҼʹǰѧΣҲδҰĶ󡣶ڣҾȻѽáֱϲĿҪˡ 
ҽA󣬿ʼոµ 
Χʮߡͬѧ20ˡǴ˼Ҿ൱ԽвӵܡΪ֪ǿҴ깤Žѧģܶ˶ʮֲмñһֻˮܽʹҲƲҰˣһ˲ͬħһʱػ֣ڿңЦңҡҿպͺµҸоƲңǺһرߩߣҡ 
һ磬ڽҳԴӳдĹڵġûбʵΩҲûдǵеĹֻϰϰ࣬ΪϣΪ¶ԺЩæ 
һҧΣһ߷鱾ϣ̵ܹʱѧҵϡ 
 ҡڿдͰһͷƤƵڶ 
겻ɢװûҵ緹 
ǰŵ°ͣ㰡Ҳһڰɣ 
ȻһڳԵΣеףỹйëòǸҰܲİɣ 
˶ЦҲ̲סˣ鱾ߡ 
 ȵȣȥ緹ûأðΣղġ 
ҷɿܳңȻҺܻܿȭͷſɶϡҲֻΪһ˸ȱݵүʧȥ¶ıᡣ 
ҸƧĽ£Χķ羰̾˿Ҳãȴǲӭҵá 
ĩһص¶ԺԺҵЦУ԰ͬѧǺѺãҵĹҲĲˡԺοЦݣԭһֱΪʱû취ҼѧҺΪһѾ;ɥ¶ģ۱ῴңԴңҲһҪŬѧҵ 
Ժңһֱȥлܲȥıݷãʱ˾ҡ 
ҺܽţΪǵһμĴ 
 ģһλܺͰʿϲ㣬һҰһ׺ʵ·׼Ųʧ񰡡ԺЦҵͷһֱҵСӡ 
ڶ죬ϵ˾ǳ׼ʱĿˣ൱߼ĳҶԳһ֪ԺְҺƵĵģսսȻõ·ǸӺܲơ 
ʻͷʱҼֱЩĿɿڴһǳׯ԰Ǳıʶ˵ƺ̫ʡ 
޸֮̾б˴һλʮȲ衣 
 Ϻɣ 
Ѿѧˣ⻹ҵһμԼˣȻԺ˵һʮֺͰһҲûУܿԸҵ衣 
 ˵һֱùĶ飬ǳˡˣúŬҹ˾ҶҲA󣬺ͬѧ¥ϣҲAǿԽѡ 
òĴӦﻳɶӲһһûƶ֮ʹҲν϶պˡ 
 ѽⲻǻҡûˮЬܵӵĳǱˣ 
ҼֱԼĶ䣬̧ͷһ¥ˣͷľǺ 
 ֣Ϻ죬Ӧʶͬϵɣ 
 ʶʶʶǻ鲻ǳأͬһΡգգۡ 
ˣȴһ䷴ĻҲ˵Ҳ»ӡ󣬵Ǻһ˵·Ҹʲ˵Ĺϵһ 
һҲ⣬Ѿϰ˺ĺ˵ 
 ҵĶӣ˼ 
ҵһ飬Ŭ΢Ц֡ǰޱˣֻʮ꣬ȴѺһߡҸղֻע⵽ȴûԭȺҪÿ˫۾ʮƯǴĿȴư䡣 
ҵڿоˡȻϡҰ֪֮̾ջ֡ 
ûĶӣûһкҼȲ衣Ҳ׷£Ҳߡ 
 һСС⣬¡Ұѵ͸ 
 ҿ 
һֻ͵İѵȥɿĲ𿪰װⲻҰİɣ 
ڮԺ⣬޿̣һŭðͷվһѶֽͺݺһȭŴЦѪϾʹ 
ʧȥǣٸһȭʱһֻץסҵȭͷתžұһݺ˦ڵϡ 


5 

ʱ򣬷Լڴĳɳϣͺиղڿһ˶ˣֻǸһ˼һԵɳҿ 
ͷЩ裬ϻۡ 
 ײͷ 
ҵһ˵ܺҲܱ䡣 
 ûãǲеİһҲܻ赽г֮⡣ 
ĬĬվ 
ǰղͬһˤϵĵڰǰϣҿҵӣЩᣬȥ 
 վס˵𣿡 
һعͷŭĿ 
 ҸʱҸ㣬ϲǸЩǮǲܵˣȥЩӪƷɡָϵһǮ˵ 
߹ȥѵķŻϣתҪ뿪һץסҵ󣬡ᣬװ߰ϧѧѻҳģʲʸ⸱Ӹҿ 
ᣬ־൱ҪڹҲ˲壬ᱻŤ֡ 
˦֡ 
 ǵһҴ򰢾ˣû˸㿴֪˭ 
ҲµǼ򵥵ĸӵܣѵΪȨ̤ 
 ĺȤѪӡͻȻЦ 
뵽ӵѿһҲЦˣ漴뵽ԼĴջЦݡ 
ҲͻȻЦˣң˸һĹâ 
 ֲá 
ͻأðһûͷûԵĻҲ¡ 
 ҿԸһ·ңȻԣҵĶ 
 
ĬˣڿҪ󣬶ǾʵѾûбҪ˵ҷҸǸ޷һͨȫֻԼӱ˵Ĺ 
 ҿԸʱ俼ǣΪֻЩԥЦһģģζԩҪҵ̫ãֻҵޣҲܿ֡ 
һԲ뿪ˣǲ˿Ե׼ֱ֮ 
ᣬҲûǰܸ֡ˣһȭǺбҪġ廨ͷүӲУ԰ܴҲû˼ˡ 
Ǻõġ 
һ죬Ҵ򣬻صϴ衣 
 ˮܻˣ첻ˮͬҵͬѧ˵ٸ˵ȴѺõҡҺܸˣæл 
ջԸˡ 
ϴҾȥԡϴ衣 
ڸҰ·£Ž߽һԡҡȻʩҲܺãƽʱҶϴ裬 
ϴصᣬȴԼղŷ·ȫˣĵѰңȴҲҲѽʼе䡣 
 ·ˡ 
һͷһվſڣϴ˿ʮ׺ݵı飬ͬѪҰޡ 
 ѡҪ߻ȥҪﶳԡˮѾͣˡҾеˣ˭Ҳ㣡Һü첻ܳţҪһҲˣ 
ȫն⣬Ҫصңͱǰ߹У԰ȻϻΧԡҲǷǳѿһĻԭ⼸伣һķֻ֣Ϊ˸ıһȭ 
Ц뿪ˡ 
ԽԽ䣬ûа취ֻڵϾ塣ҽҲᶳҾԲúһĻ 
 
оʲᶫҼ۾һ˼ңָỮҵļͷ 
 ʲᣡ 
ŵĳһ亹ȻҲ֪ʲᣬʮֲ 
 ˵һϷصԭǰȻǳȤЦЦ˵ 
 ˵㲻ǰֻССĿʼ᲻ͣĥ㣬ֱ㷢衣ҰɣֻҲܱ㡣 
һ֮ѡתͷ㵱ĸࡢӶˡ͹ȻҲζһʸЩǮү 
 ᣿㻹ǸҪһŤסҵ°ͣƢСϲƢˡ 
һѾҧҵ촽ͷǿм˽ 
Ҵһνġԭ˼ȻرڴʱҲԵɧţ֪£ֻû뵽ҵүȻҲǱ̬ 
Ҳ֪һѰƵڵأǱվЦϾסЦһԾ𣬲Ѹٵĺݺݳθһȭ۵ 
 ޣҲԼʲᶫүῴ㣿㻹Ϊ㣿ϵĶһҪȥ 
 žһ·ˤϣϿ촩Ϲȥ˶ĵӣ 
뿪ˡ 
һĻصʱѾˡѸմڵԡҳ˿ңƲƲǡףˮûлֻΪ溫ƭԡȥװѺõӡ 
ϣڴϣҲů⼸췢£ԽԽġһһܳŵʲʱڲֹ˼ƺҲȤĥңҲᱻǱƷ衣 
ڶ죬ҷˡ 
ǿӴ޻һһ򽡿λЩӦһȥϿΡ 
 㻹û 
ڶ 
 һϢӽҲ۸㡣 
ȻյЩͿԻ𾯵ѣĿ 
 ΪѾӦתøӽʽӹ㣬͵úܰɣ 
ɫܲˣЩ߱ߵСӡ 


6 

µʯϣȴһҲԡθһֱۣѾˣǳԲ·˼ֺأȫϲнү粻ԸӹһƬơȻû鷳ȻΪ˶ͬ鷳˼ҴǰɣϿΣҲڹ̶ĵصԷ飬ʹ۸ҲҲ 
ϣ˼ͻȻ˼ҲܻͬϾĶӣҲֵ̫ʵ򲻵ѣһȥ˼Ҫ۸ңλ֪ͨӵĹΪӦò᲻ҵġ 
һڣûټ˼˿һʱͷҲʱѾᣬ𽥵á 
ͻȻһ˴ӱҽסһΪĸͬѧҿЦ 
 𣿡 
ȫѪҺסˣ˼ 
ҽ߾ȫվתһ΢Цңҫ۵ɢâʹȻʹ˸ļµĿ⡣ 
 һֱæû㣬㲻Ұɣ 
ͷˣ˼˵Ļ˵ԶҲллء 
 ˵㲡ˣұüͥҽ㿴һһ룬Ҳţû 
æ˵ˣҵĲѾˣлл㡣 
 һǲģһ 
־ҪҵĶͷһˣĺˡһҲûС 
ңΪҪȴһЦ߰ɡ 
 ȥ 
ͻȻסҵ֣ӲҴϵϡ 
 ȥԷҪúòһ 
˵һ·˻Ǳɷ˵ϵ 
У԰Ĳȴ൱߼ҴûҴһźܴǰ£߹ͷҷԸ 
ҴûʵãЩִٲò͵ͬѧ߿ȻͽͷӶСۡҸоǶʶ˼൱ġ 
΢Цһֱңȫڡ 
 һǻȥɡĺˣһ 
Ҹվһѿסҵ󣬡УҹԹͻȻĺǿӲ 
 ʲ᣿ 
һ 
߹Ǻһ΢ЦˣȻǰ£ϴҼ˼ѡ 
Ҳߣ˼һһҰҼм䡣 
һѾĲо 
 С죬˼ͻȻ˵üĳƺҵ֣ʮ־ֲ 
 ϴûüܣλҵѣҲ᳣档Ѿʶˣײ̽Ǻڵͷ㲻£չ㣬ΪġԲԣ 
ĿתĿңɫһԲ 
ԽԽסˣ˼ѾȫҵԼĶΪʲҪѳ棿кȻв򵥵ıϴֻǶһ磬û˿һֻ֣Ѿˡ 
 ǷΨŽļ̳ˡǸһֱͰ΢Ц˳ҵͷʮơ 
ҵȻҲ˵ŵʢֻû뵽Ȼ˼ı̬ѣҲʲˡ 
 ˣˣÿʼ˰ɣͷ˵ 
 㼱ʲᣬˡ˼֡ 
߰˸һ˰һ˷ŵ˿ˡֻǷŵλú֣ᶼǰҲʶͣۻҡ 
 ԰ɣЩΪһ׼ġ 
˼Ȼ˵ֻرˡһˡ⼸ֵ 
ϵɫѵĲˣϧҵθʹԲĶ 
 ллĲ 
Цһ 
˼ɫһ䣬ٷϻԣ 
޿κΣСƢܲˣҾͳһ㣬Բҵθ 
 һ㣬ҪЩ˶ˣʣ¶Ҹ٣ 
ҿѾȫٿ׼ÿϷĿ⣬ʱˣԭǺҳԷĥҵϷ 
ҡҡͷ 
 Ļ㻹ǰҰɣαǿأЦˡ 
˼ͻȻסҵͷ۵Ĳг 
 ҳԣòҪι㣬᲻ᱻҭҿɲұ֤ݺݵ˵ 
ָҶߣüС˵ٲԣҾǹ㡣ҿɲ󰢾һʱһԡҲûеվɿ֣ǿаѵ 
֪ȫĳ£ȻҺ࣬Ҳպãû⡣ 
ֻĿ֮»еĳһƷζ 
θʼʹԽԽʹĲһҲû١Ҳõ棬ԵĺⳡпϷĺܿ 
ոеʱʣĵİ 
 ҪǸ£Ҿٶԣ˼һ̲˶˵ǰҪҵȥˣ 
ʵһҲԲˣθʼʹѾеĺϴ£ֲļղסصĵ档 
 ˣͿˡǸˡһ͵˵ǸΨˡ 
ոмֽ˵̫´ξͲˡ 
ȻҲġ 
 ڶĻ̵Ĳ㲻԰ɣ 
һվãʵﰲȫĶ࣬ɵϰ 
˼ҲվЦˣҲңһͬ뿪˲ 
˺þãθʹŲһ·ϲͣܵ˳Ŀ⡣ 
ϴּ˰죬춺Щ 
ú˵Ҳ˼ǸΣյʵϲ̼ңҲҲûʲ£˼ķ޳˺£һͿܷľÿμҵ꣬ĥʵʱϵĸܡڣĿʼЩСĺӣǵϷѾǼ򵥵Ķ硣 
ҳ˼Ƭθҩˮһͷԣв԰׵ɫΪʲᷢչֵزǴΣھȻֹͬĶΩǣһҪȥұΡңСһԺ˵֮ԶȥΪܵͬѧ۸ 
ϣһϰࡣ˵㵽ʮһҵĹʱΣһֱվ̨ǰȺ˿ǰʹվСʱȷʵ࣬һǾ΢Цÿ˿˵ллˣӭ´ 
һλ˿͵Ǯᣬ̧ͷŶӵ˻ж١ 
һ΢ЦĶħ泯һ֣˼һˤ 
ѵ컹Ҳ֪ʲᡣۿ˿ԽԽ˼ңǮͻƷȥ 
ţθֿʼۡ 
 ιҴǮˡ 
 Բ𣡡æ˿͵Ǹ 
˼춾һƬǰҵͷӹǮҲͷǮҸָĲۣҲǺ¡ 
 ӭ´ 
߰ɣ󣬵ҲֻΪһƬǶ 
 Уβ㣬˼վ㻹ûЦأѵǶԹ˿ͻȡ𣿡 
ǿ̧ͷ΢Цӭ´ 
һθ۾ԽԽ 
 Уûи˵˼ǲӭ 
Ĺ˿Ѿʼͷˡ 
þ˵΢ЦϵļⶼЩӲ 
 ӭ 
û˵꣬Ѿ˫ϥڵأһסθһֽס̨Ե 
۵Ҫ 


7 

ҽԺĲϡ 
ҽü˵ˣٺҲ̣θһʹˡ 
ЦЦ̣壬ǴվǸħġһ˵Ҳûã˵ڲϱһǵͷ 
 ļˣ˵𣿡 
϶Ժæͷ 
˼еվﲻߣӸµĿңһֻܶСʲ᣿ҶˣѵͲ΢еķŹڽ졣 
Ժ߽Ź֮顣ߣסұ֡ 
ֺů 
ǰġˡ϶õˣίˮһͶʹס£Ҹ˼ҲԺ֮¶ƫƫûҲûϳȥ 

 绰ŻˣҿͬѧʱɾΣաλɣм˼ֶ˵С죬һҪúлл˼ң 
ҵĿ䵽ЦվһԵ˼̩ȻԾΪҵľˡЩЦãסԺװΪʲỹҪл 
Ժеס˼֣ЩȻҿ鿪֣ȴûٶ 
ǴҾȻƺ˼һ˿ɬ 
 СõͬѧˡһʱӦѧУҾͿԷˡ 
 ССĸ˫ȴǸʮֶµĺӡ룬ʱ浣ģչ˺Լ 
 İҰɣһúչģ˼ʮ֡Ͽҡ˵ҸҲϲС졣ˣҽܣҸϵ͡ 
 ԭĹӣһʲ᲻ĵģСͰˡԺϲ˵Ѷħͷй⻷ʹ 
ⶼʲ°˼㻹ǴԲѣԺǸħҪƭˣ 
ȻҪȴҲԸ۸¸Ժ 
п˵ֻƣıۡ˯ 
һоֻѾȫůˣԭԺû߰۾һֵȴ˼ϣͷҵ˯ˡ 
ȻҲůһѸֳٰ̾ˡ 
 ˣҲһЦ˵ϧҲɵƻ 
 ֪ں岻Ӧø˵ҾͲණˡ 
 
ʵ˵θһǱġ 
 ǰĴ˵ҵĻһʱŻġ㲻Ұɣһסҵ֣޹ĺСһĿҡ 
Ҳ㡭ûиоͼɵϡӺ߻ܿԼУȻȴܵ˺ 
 ʵֻҪԹԵҵĻͲˡһúô㣬Ҫʲ͸˵ҿԸһСѧҵҽϹ̨ܿܽϲᣬʵԼ롣 
ˣϷ룿ѾܾٴˣΪʲһԸ˵ԻҲҪٻҲϲᣬҲѾ⽫Ϲҵ뵽˼ҵĶͷ˾ɼеԱ 
ҵԸʵܼƽʵһѧҵһȶĹҵһλİŮһ˼˵ЩҪģο۾ĹߡҲڹԡǴε̬ǽΪҡ 
һԲ˵λԺղѾʽиңԼҲˡԴӽҪȻǸ൱ŤߣһΪտһɡ 
ҲҪտҲߣߣҲκ˵ߡ 
 ˯ˡұ֪ۡ޷ߣǴ˿õĶķ 
žѵˣ 
ҲûŵӦûڷڡ 
 ˯𣿡ᡣ 
˯ˣ߰ɣװ˯Ϊұ۾ҪʲᣬҾͽŵȲס 
 ˵˺ܶ飬ȻµˣĹҲܽơ 
˵ﶼƵĵΪʲͲܶһ¶˵أ 
 㸸ĸʱ㼸ˣ 
ûд𻰡ѵϲĽᵽʱӦ˵ȥǡ 
 ֪ΪʲҪ˩ΪǺ󡣡Щ֡ 
˵ʲ᣿ȻۣװѾ˯ˡ 
 ĸҵʱѲˣҲǰ¶ 
ۣȵ 
ϸֳδеıˣֱ˷Եøˣ֮Ư۾ԽԽҪݽȥ 
ܵ򣬡ĸһ֣Ը׸С˼˼ 
ԭҲĵ£ͬңһοֳƽһĸ飬ĿҲͣȰο 
 㲻Ҫ̫ѹˣܸǻҪҸܶԵ߰ 
˭֪ɫȻһ䣺׳հΪʲҪѹûͷӸŮŮ֣Ϊ˼Լ᲻ȥѳ鰡 
 㣬ݺݵĵңҲܽʲᡮ졯㸸ĸʱûжӰֳ֣Ӧý󡢳棡 
ĿɿڴʱƿԡǵˣҵֻǸĸģ㲻ϲԼΪʲҪǨŭңֿʼԹԼ֪ĶƷ𣬻ҪɵİοǲܽܽѵأΪ˺ڲϡ 
ִ̾ 
΢һ̸סҵ֡ 
ұ͸ָе 
ݺݵҵ飬ҾȻ˸ս¶ԺϦʱκ˶е⣬Ҵȥϴֻݺݵҧһڣͬ˵ƴСޡ 
ҵһûк˼׺ݵı飬յЩ۵ҲûΪ͸׺ݵҿصĺĴ 
ϾǸʮĺӡҲǹԽĻԸʹȱĶ飬α顣Ȼֻ꣬ȴ֪࣬ļѣҲ±˵ĲסΪ˴·棬ҸоԼʮꡣ 
һֻ֣ץסҵְΧʲҲû˵ 
ֽɣ׺ݵıҲʧҡ 
۾˯ˡ 


8 

ҿҵʲͳԺ 
ջصѧУʱһֻ֪ʲ»ԸҡȻû뵽ǣ˼ҵ̬ͻȻ˳ԾĴΪתû۸ңţƤһңҲҵķԣʼҴȦӡ 
ŷԭǮ˾ȻܵĻǸ߶򳡵ȵЩ߼Ҹ룬û˼ĸ߹֮ǿվﳣΪǷѾһʱ˼ҲҪң޷֮Уֻڽﾲ˵ͷΨΪѡ˼ƺֻҪҴ߾Ϳԣҵκ;Ĭں 
֪ѧУܶѽҿ˼ʵ࣬ҶͶ̰ĿֻܱοЦϾûо룬ƽ˺ܶ,˼żǻΪҵľܾ¶вŻңȴҲûжҶ֡ 
͸ƢʵֻҪ˳Ͳŭ۶˼ĻƢǺӣҶ͡˼Ҳûٳʲ̬ľٶƴڿҲû취Ը˼ңΨҵ˼ߣᴭĸߣǹȤȻ΢Ц 
ָоȻܲζȻҽʵϵûиҶٿӲӲʱҵĸǿ˼ǰֻԼŪıˡڴѧҸ޷ӱ˼ľֻҪ̵ҵҾܳװӰ 
һĩ˼ͻȻȥҳԷ 
 ɩСҴġҽصشˡ 
ɳһλĿϷˣһͲĪиУΪҵĸоԺ 
ʺãЦͷԭϺ찡Ҿү㡣 
 ɩСθ̫ã׼嵭Ķ˼תңʲᾡܸɩ˵ɩ̵רӶˣڼеλܸߣտǲ׳רΪ˼ҳɽģ 
ЦңĵİЩжͲ˼˺õʱֱһƮĸоĵһȻͬ׶ס 
 쩤𣿡ɩͰ˵ 
 СͿˡæ˵ 
 ǺãС죬ҵɣʲᣬҺΪ̬º͵ҲԺ 
ʢȴǸ˼Ҳȴ˳ȥҵһο˼¶޿κεı飬ɵЦˣԭҲӦ˵ˡɩȷʵһĵλ˼̣񲻾ҵ̫ˣ 
ҵĳȻǮ˼ҵĳɾĲĵطټȴһӶҲûС 
 ɩæĹҰɣҲˡ 
 Ӷ˶ҴˣֻˡĿͻȻ쳣Ц棬ͻȻͱ˪лҪ˵ 
 ˣ˲ؼҪй֪᣿ɩңһ˫ʵ۾·ܴ͸ҵġ 
ЩΣ˼ 
ȻһҲûʸҵ˼һ˼˽ѵϻЩա 
 Ҳǡ 
 Ҽ̫ˣ뿿һ졣үᵥԲſ͸㣬㵱ѡ㲻ҪΪͿΪΪҸ㣬ֻҪһڣͱʲ£ͱ˵Ŀֱղĺɫˡ 
 ʵӦң˵ү˸¶ԺѣԽŽ㵽ǸʲɫҪ̫̫֪ˣߣҪʰ㣬үү˭ҹܣ 
һʱ֮䱻ҭһ仰Ҳ˵ײŶס 
˵ͷֱһҲѷ˼ 
Ҳ⣬ΪһִүƷ൱ţ˼֮ľֲǼ򵥾˵ģЩ¶ΪԵ˵ʵݣϾԼС۸ʲʵ¡ 
ǣֻĬȥ 
ߵſʱֲһ䣬Ҿִ֪ӹ¶ԺСʲûɫ 
ʱҾȫѪҺ·ӿͷҲûŭȭͷȻɿܲܶһ˼Ҷְ 
ĬĬ߳Ἣˡ 
Ϊʲÿ˶ῴңΪ̰ͼٻͽǰ̲ʸ˼ԸߵĹΪʲǾͲվҵĴҵκѧУͬѧΪҲ̫⣬ɩ˼Ҳԩңʵĺ 
Ϊ˼۸Ҷת˿ǰδе۸ɬ 
ڰʳķǰɩȻζȻңǰ˼ʮ־ġ˼ϵòúȣ˺òóԣʮѿɩ۹Ҳһֱעң̵һڡһٷʲձ 
֮ᣬ˼ǾӲʩȥҳԷÿɩҲһصظˣ˵صظҡ˼˵ҺͶԵϲΪˣһֻһʱͻñĿֱҡʱ䶼طȥżŻҸ˼ദǷǳˡ 
ɩ϶˵ҵĿȻͰ׵ĶԴңҸеĪİο 
룬֮ԻܵһԭҴᵽʧȥܾõĸ 
ɩĵӣϰĬԴʱ˵һУȵѧҵҾ뿪˼ԶԶģɩͻıҵƫȻʱѲҪںĿΪҲټ 
ѧµʱϷƽ˾Ĺȥתۼٽҵ 
Ȼû뵽ķ˪û޾ĺڰӴˣҵٲԨ 


9 

ұҵӣҵȴһѾܾˡ뵽һ֮ոµĻ￪ʼɵܵ˵ͳȻر𼤶 
ѧԺĴڽ˵˼Ǹ߷ͨġȻEQΪ㣬ȴ˳۵ͷԡ 
 ϳ˼еĿܹĳϡ 
ҶڶƳȻӵһҲƻԼܹǮװºܶණļóͣȫȥҰС 
ǲԸʱȥҳԷģ˼Ȼϣ˵ѾɩΪ׼Դʳסﰵ룬ʵɩҵĿɱʮϸ 
 С죬ͷϳʱϰߵҵͷ·һֻССèһȻ 
ųΪȻֲֹԵͻȻϮ⼸УԽԽ߹ңѾ180֣ܹҵͷҳߡضֹǰ 
 һΪɹǰףءƺرˣһ߿һߵݸһɫŷ⡣ 
Һܾȣ˵ʵڵģҲЩΣΪҴСͺлյ賓ŷһƺһݺԼ飬Щ⡣ 
 ʲ᣿ 
 ᱿ǺԼҪǩĹԼ 
 ҵһϣѾȫ񽻸Ҵ㽫Ϊҵ˽Ҹ˵ˣҲܸˡ 
 ᣬ̫˵ˣ˵һúչģͺܿܳͷءЦ˿ңûϸӵ鲢ǾϲŵĻϡ 
 УҲҪѧߴ·Ʒλһֻҵʮĳ£üίίӣֲܱΪǷϿڹ϶൱ҵҵ˽ǴңɱҶ 
ĬƬ̣ҿ²ܴӦ 
 Ϊʲ᣿ϵͻȻ˻ҩζ 
 ΪҲ֪ѧǵɽʤβҪְ񡣡Ȼֻҵдʡ 
ɫԭΪԭ㲻õģ㿴ѧҲѧֻѧԼϲĶǶҪҵæҲԱѧ 
ҡҡͷҺǲͬǴСڼͥܵѬգȻܹĺܺãֻԼרҵ 
 ˵˺ܱѧҲ¸Ĺ˾鷳룬ֲ䵽òȥϵɸֿš 

 ˣҽڲԸΪҹ볹װҰɣ˵ 
û뵽Ͳ³ҵ˼һ㶣һʱ벻ԴĻԽԽ￪ʼϾҪˣؼʱҰɣ 
 ⲻȥҵ·ۿһ·Ϊͷæѡ 
ûд𻰣͵һţ緢ǰȥץסȶס壬ܵģǵķĳ٣ҲǵĽᷢʲᡣ 
ʮᣬӿڽһǰǰҲ 
˼һԲİק³ 
ѾþûסˣȻΪ춼רɨľƵذͼҾ߰϶һȾ 
 ɩڵ㣬ǿȥɡҰλǵϣ뿪ʹڷŭеһǷǳΣյġ 
 ٷϻ̵Ķסҵϣǩָ֡ǷݺԼ 
 ˵ҲʤΡ 
 Ҫǲǩͱ뿪ŲҰһ˹ùһֻʣɷ˵ҵ־ӲҪǩ֣оʱ˰ӡǩĶԡ 
û취Ը˵Ϊʹ첻˵ҲڱҵǰԼĴ㣬ʱ˼ȻҲ֪ 
 ʵѾȥһҵ˾ӦƸˣͬ¼ңҲѾǩԼһҵϾͻȥ﹤ĺҲܽܡ 
 Ǳһȥұ֤ǲҸԼ 
 ⲻǸ治⣬֮ĺͶҵĺܸмϣѧãĹʺҡ 
СĹ۲ûʲԱ飬˿ʹϹһǻ᳣ȥĩȻ㣬Ը⵱ѵĻҳϿҵ˵ 
仰⣬ֻҪվƽȵԴңһԸѵġ 
 ˭ѣֻ䵱ߣֻҪһû湻ͱ뿪 
ұͻľ޴赹ڵأһƴͷĿѣﳢһ˿ζ֪ǱĻǵʱҧԼͷ߶С 
û׹ѰҰ½ڵذϣʼ˺ҵ·ޱȾźͲֻ֮ƴ赲ֱۣȴֳ˸̼һôҲûЩѾܱ⡣ 
ҵֱָϻһѪʱͣ¹ƣݺݵ߰˸⣬ұǰһ󷢺ڣʱ̧ҵı˫һͣһӱ˺ҵĳ 
˺ѵͬڰеһ磬һͷԶʱ˼֡ǰƵһĻ׽Ҫʲᡣҿ־ĸܵȵͷҵľϡϡؿĦ˺ҧһֻҲѾ쵽ҵ˫֮֮һ׵ϵһҵŤ壬ѳ 
ͻȻſң俴ңһ˿̵ĹâͻȻײҵĸʹڵϷȻȴתѹڱĵϣ˫Ťᣬǿϥǳſҵ˫ȡ̶ֻڽ̨ϵܣҲ 
Ȼ˺ѵһ˲䣬ֻǸеڱĳ̼Ӳ崩ʹһҵϮҹ˲߳ܣҽ޺״εģ˼ȴţһֱΰҶڵϣذƤĴУĳλͬպ̴ĸоγԱȣ·ڵ̡ 
ͽ͵ǰǻ޷˼룬ֻǱʹҪˡ 
 ӣãӣӱᴫɳ͸޵ķԵᡣѹϣ˫ֻҵؿڣȫصһȻȻ̡ͦ޴Ħʹֲͬڵɰִĥ۵ļչҲֻŬͬ㡣 
 
һнʱҵɤѾƵķͬ˹ͷͽſڵϣ˼Ϣһ漴뿪ҡ 
 Ҹ㣬ңҵģԶһ˵ġԣסҵҴӵ󱧲һ§ڻ˵㲻ҵ뿪ҾԸԶҲ޷ʵ֡ 
 㽫һֱֱȫΪҵ뿪ҵĻᣬҾۿʧȥ 


10 

ۣԼڴϣѱɾ·ֽŶƤ׽ȦסƤϵֱϵڴͷβʹҲ 
 ʺ㣬𣿡˼ĿңϵƤףҼǵǰ˨ԹȻҵˡϣǺÿˡ 
ҵͷ۵ĿҪѿˣ˯˶ˣ 
 ˯ˣѲˡҩļոպãûʱ⡣ 
 ǡҼҪȴҲ޷һ˿Ҳʼʹ 
 ԣ챾ӣʧĻ 
ҵ־ʹҲ֮ԽԽȻ˿̵ļҹ˲ʹͱͬǿĳ衣 
 ˼㲻Ҳܲȥ磬ҲӣĻҺòã 
ҲܷѪʹ˵裬ǵĵ 
·ûҵİȻ紺΢Ц 
 ˵ЦĻˣҲţȻǱƭˡ 
 ҵĺҲװģԲԣװȻƭéޱƭҡḧҵͷͨˣѾˣ˵ҵ޵ġ 
ҽϵѾ쵽12ˡ 
 㲻Ҫ漣ˣû˻ע⵽ʧ٣˭Ǹ¶أװԺֺܷĵңҲỳɡ˶ᩤֱĵûгѧУȻʱͻΪȱϯ֡С죬£㻹ܱܲҵأ 
 𡭡˼㣬ңҲܲȥҡҼʡ 
΢ЦҡҡͷľȻ 
ʱһֵַĹȥΰ޶ԡʹȴͽ͵ĥ 
ߣһ˯ڽѣΪеַַļ尾 
 
ʱָĵʱһжˡ 
ұۣˮĴ۽ǻ䡣 
ĽŬջһУ˳ʹĶԴұ˲ԼĶϵ۲Ÿĳͷ 
 ˣС죬ˡ˼ɿסҵƤףҷſ㣬𣿡 
ûһѾϰ˱ĸо 
 
ͷʱûгԶ 
Һҽ·ڲס˺ۣҡͷȴҲû˼ǰ˵һ仰 
˼ҲӲʳĴҵգסҵıӣҶûʵͼüλǺĿҪϢ 
ûжֻãȻֹͣҲûκθо 
ɿҵڣҾһֱ컨壬Ȼ˯ȥȻ 
һ𣬡ģ֪ҶûȤ˭һ̬ƫҪһԼüͬԶ֡˵һʧ 
ſˣ˽ 
ţߵǰЦеĿңȻһֻ֣ĸҵ˼ǷΨ 
ûжֻãȻע 
ǺЦˣҶߵ˵ɰֲð˶Ų֡Ҳ㣬ʵͷˡοڵģˣ᲻볢أ 
޳ָػҵ촽ģҲǸɫѵˣֻҪȤҾͲ֡ 
ջ֣ɫңǸ̸̸ˡ 
 Ҹ߹Ȱ㣬ҷΨһܰ쵽ҲҪȰֻҪһ仰ԹԳԷ 
Ҷߣʣ 
 ҪҪʥĹ¶ԺԺڵģ 
Ȼ۾Ѿľĸ±߷߼˲ 
ĿҵķӦЦǵģ򵥵ķ벻һҲˡһԽԽ侲飬᱿˶٣ҲӰжһ漰㣬侲ȫûˣ嶯׳աǱΪʲ᱾£һͨڿƻ治С 
 ҳԣҧ֡ 
˼ѣöһӾ͵ҵѨ 
һƬɣҲûпĽջҪҾɡ 
ͷͶˣȥ 
 ʵʱ޷˿ģ㣬ӲĽȻӲֺαͽأϺ죬㻹˳һЩȽϺãʹǰһҶһЩҪ쿪ʲɡϣǿ治𡣡 
ߵſڣֻعͷУҷȰ㣬Ҫȥ벮Ԯδػ㣬ס仰 
˳ȥ 
˼þ˽һðţ̡ҿڻʲҲû˵ҵ°ͣӴյߡҳĺʱţ̴ϡ 
һ̣֮侹г 
 ɡҺţᣬԻ˻Ϣƣ˵ 
ҡ 
 ǸԼǩ㲻ںһûдѧƾˡҲȻЦ 
һֱӱܣӱȥһеطӱܼһˣԺҲ֪˼˵ģ绰ֻ˵ҺúˣҪ̫ںòƾ£ȻΪѹԸʱͰ˼չˡ 
˼Ѿ˸Ժµ绰ᷴ˿ʹȫжǰģԼҲῴһϣеĺúݡһҲʧˣ룬ҲҲûлȥˡ 
ûȥѧУûʲ塣ҾһֻһҴҵĴȥִҴҵܳһۼҲû¡ 
ҴǼ˼ҳҾͳԣ˯Ҿ˯ƺҵĹ˳Ҳ൱⡣죬§ɳϿļѾʼ׼ϵҵϣҲ˯ͬһŴϣûңֻǽң˯лʱ˯ĺ㣬ȴҹҹߣʹ˯ҲڶоѡҸ˼סҵµס 
Ұ߲㹫ԢѾһˡ˼ҲûҹңѾæĹ˲ңֻǴ绰֪ͨȥϰࡣҶӴеƽԼǰΪݵڻɫӳԵøӲ԰㲣Լ˵൱ѿһֿĻ֮ 
쿪ʼҽϹһѧûбҵˣΪܾ˽ǶЦһ°ҶеԼʧصĴЦ 


11 

ҵһ߽ܲĴą́ͨᣬұָϵݣܾ⡣ 
˿ƽһ飬š 
 Ϥ 
һƿţһûмšأȻû˵Բ𣬵ϣϻεı顣 
Ȼʱ֪Լְ̫ˡ 
Ͽļֻڻܾӣ 
 áԱߵ¹һ㣬Ҫȥ 
վû 
 㻹վʲ᣿ĹѾʼҿûʱӦ 
ҧҧ򿪹ӣڶ 
 ɫԣǲɫäŭĺ 
ұͲͨ˵Ϊʵεվڹǰ 
 ǳɫģǣûаƵ 
Ұùȥݸûнӡ 
 ʲ᣿ҴҲһڵŦۣ΢΢ͷʾҿԿʼˡ 
վǰ죬ƹĲͻĺᣬͬΪܵ裬ʱͻȻһֳ嶯קסͷ 
һ֪Լʲʱµ뷨ҴҲݵ˰ 
 㵽׻᲻򣿡סҵ֣ãҪ˫ץҵʾƯĴһᡣ 
 סûУǻȵģұֽȻ෴߰ɡ 
Ҿûκ׼¸һ硣Ҳ֪ԭĹжᷱæǩ֣Ļ̸ýʡκγ϶ԶȡɷעĿĽ㡣վһԿʱٸн޿ɺǵģԱǰΪʲǰԶǶħĻ 
磬ҲпձܸʶҿĳǶЩηֺãΪ˼ĸҺܲҺܲϰ߱곤Լ˿οΪԼвɸ˵֪Եرнִ١žνϲ˳̨ɣԳ롣 
ȻǱǿģȴԴѧϰȻݹ൱ĸӼѣСһʱ䣬ѾΪ˼ѵΡ 
 Ҹһµʱ䣬һᣬ㻹ʤεĻҾͻᰴչ˾涨㡣һϣ˶Ǿ˽ġڹ˾ֵݴļʱ˵ҽеߣѵҡ 
Ȼֻļ˵ʱͱҹҲԸ㡣 
촽΢΢ȻϵʹڹʱҲܻɧңڴ֮ͥ»Һ£Լѿ鱻֪ȻǶ˵ʲᣬһһֱǰʾڵĸоȻЩãĻҪ̼һǼңʵͨһĹ۲죬ҷҪΪоϽͷԣܶڱ֮ǰѾﻮáĲЩʲᡣ 
߳ãȫ۵ʹҵǿʼ·ˣǰʱʹҲûƣĸо 
һصסᣬ˼ͻȻǰ 
챻ѵһ죬һʱûӦʱЦӯӯȻѾˣһûƵʡ 
 ˡ鹤˽¹˽¡ᣬҾ˼˾ڳЦ˵ 
ԭˣ㵹Ǻܹ˽Զֹ¹̬ȶԴҷܸˡ 
 ֪࣬㡣ģǿǵ˿鷳ǰ㡣 
Ҵ鷳Ӧ˵±֪ҵĹϵƻϵҪİɡ 
 㲻ԸҽȥҲǿ㡣ˣúϢ˵꣬ȻˡҶĳֱʧŷƣ¥ 
ڣɵɳϡ 
ͻȻ 
˭أЩ֣˼Ѿȥˣûʲ֪ס 
ҳߵűߣǽͲ 
 ţҡ 
˼Ǹոտ𣿣 
 ҽȥ𣿡Ŀ 
롣˵ǿšʹҲҲԿԼϾסġ 
 ұȥģͻȻܶԷˡһžͺȻİһѣ⿪һӣбɳϡ 
 С죬ɡĿҡ 
ڳв߼ˡҲۣΪʲỹҪƫƫҾܾĺ 
˺ܼ򵥣ΪԼƽԵľͺܼ򵥣û׼ܶʳȴԵĽζĺܶ˺ü뷹õθҺĽҵθǲ̫ãԵıٶˡ 
춳ˣҰ˵ȥϴûߵ˼һڳſڿϴȻûָүæﻹǺơΪʲΪʲҪϴ룬ͱأ 
 졣 
һ˫ֱϢĴᱧסңϴ룬ûıһһմĭһҲ 
 ղһ㴩ΧȹӣҾ뱧㡣ӵڻ˫ֻҵ°ҵļͷĥ䣬ͬСһ㡣 
 ϲ㡣 
һһеһˮء 

ѣӵʱ·ֹͣˡ 
ҸеѾ⿪ҴΧȹʱ֪ѱ˶ãϵˮѾˡ 
 뱧㣬㣬롭ѾҵȵĺеĶ߷Ȼѹ 
־ĴĿ»ָǰҲһеȥ 
ܽͱ˵ɳϡ 
ֳֿµ飬Ҳʶֱ̧ۣסͷ 
˺þãҲû 
һֻҵֱ۴ͷ£ųǸӣͺҾһ 
ָֻ˵Σյ΢Ц 
 һȣԸұ졣 ңȻҲ̫áҲǸĵˡ 
 һ£һΪޡһָǰλΣҵ 
 ˡ 
þҲŴ𾪺ͺлع 
صҼˮˤƵ룬ŽͰˮ߲Ƭϴ롣 
һ£һ£͡ǡ治Ըһ֮Ѿ㸲һĴ綼ҪȫȥֺαѰأȰԼȻԼҲĲûľԶһνĵز 
ڴϣշתߣһֱҾͳʧߣۣȴҲû˯⡣ 
º͵ı֣ϲ㡱ԽԽһıһ֯塣˺ڣ̵סȥһжһ䡰ϲֲҵĺʵͬЦϧֻЩ޴οĸԸܽϲǸˣȻûнŮѣҺԼϲŮӡ 
һʸϲ˭˼ϲ˭ҺⳡϷ֮ǰ 
ҵֿʼѪ 





12 

ÿ춼ƴһǲ˼СƣȻҿһҲ׷һҲΪæµһеЧ 
ÿæʱҳΪԼֻһܽͨϰ塣Ȼִֻܿĸһʧͷٶ˿УԼȻɱĴһȲС˾ƴСְԱΪϣзܶĿꡣңǰ·һԲΪ˶ԶջǻصԭԶҲĳ˵ָɽ 
˾ĸ߲Ҳ˼ҵ̬ȿҲأ൱ӣټҵĬԣĶѲٰҷ 
ãҷڡ 
ÿʱ¥²ԷŮְԱҽڸҴڨԶԶĶ΢ЦҲ֪ǶһǶҺͷкøСһʸ񰮵ͨˣҺԸӦǵĺ⡣24ˣûʽȻǰҲйĶ󡣵ڣֻͷԷӱǳȵĿ⡣²ù˾ͻᴫܾܲǸѪϢˡ 
ϰһᣬ˼ͿʼסҵסҲԸΪҡֻǷӣķӡ 
˼ӲһͬߣȴҸս֮Ͱ壬ʱյĸոպãһǲһֱңڹ˾Ͽ˾ҵסᣬҡһ䣬ҵͬԾӡûԼϰߣ˵ûʶǰļȱҶܿھͱһ㡣ңҲҪΪ緹ΪΪ󿧷ȣҪ𴲣ʹƣһͷԵʱ 
ЩʱҵǼìܡ 
Ϊ¶ҾܾĲǲѲԼʲ᣿ı˵ͱĶԸ񣬻̬ΪѻϳΪһġ¡֣ϡ˵ǰԺֻһֻ䲻֪ʲʱͻԼһ£ڶ˼£һֻޣʱᷢҰޣԼצ±˺Ƭ 
ȻҲŵԣûҿ־£Ȼ˫۾ҷëǼµ·ᣬĿжһ㺣Ҹоͺʳ֪ζһʱпܷ˹ 
һ£ûжþҪһˣʱأҪ˵һ£һҲԸⱻ̬ĶԴĸܵأΪʲͲȥҸŮӣŮԸŮѡ˵ھһֱͣĻŮѣҸ൱ߺǡΪʲͲѧѧأ 
ǵϲͬԣҲһвдࡰáԸѡΪʲƫƫ˼Ϊͨңѵ˵ģΪǸ¶ʹʲҲ 
þûлع¶Ժ죬춹ȥԺ 
 С죬ࣿɫҲ᲻ã𣿡ԺһҾͳԾʡ 
 ûаҵԺ˲١Ц˵ 
Ժϣָҵ̫ѨǰҸеƣʱҲҰĦ 

ұۣþûĸоˡ 
 С죬˩ 
ǰ֢ 
Ȼۡ 
 㲻Ҫ˵İסҵļͷ 
 Щһֱ˵ȴһֱûпڡûжʱˡ 
ֹסĴ¡ 
 СǸµĺӣУô멤ʵ㲢Ǻ¡Ļǡ 
 ǰĸ㡣ڣֻܿǹµһˡ治İ 
 ͣǱ˿ܻΪͶл˺㡣ҵиֻΪϴѧΪб޷ļᶨϣİ£ѧĸǿһЩڿϲġ 
һԺֵᷢģ 
 ĹӸң˵Ϊ˾˻ԣ˴硣˵ʵڵģҲšڿ㲻ĵӦɣ 
Ĭˡ 
 Ǯ˼ҵĺеԸŹ֣֪ʹ۸㣬ҲΪмܡ 
Ժֻ¶һ룬˼ġ۸ᵥ 
 ϲʺĵط뿪סС죬ҪһжԼϡԶסһ㣬ܻĸҸ 
ԼϣЩ⣬ 
Ǵʱ̸۹Լ⣬ҵĵĻԺĲ顣 
 ʲʱģǰᶼ֪ڵĻ 
Ժϣ˵ءӵҲһ򽡿ͻȻ 
 ϸڡҽԺ˵Ѿˡ΢΢һЦ 
ڣ 
ʱڸʲ᣿һֱڹӱܣӱܡҼԺ 
ҿ޳Ҳãһֱ㡭 
 ʹһֱңҲһġһеġȰĸҵͷ 
 С죬ҲǲŽסһ鶼Լͷ᲻ܷģ 
 ҼסҼס 
Ҳ̲סķޡ 
һ죬Ҷڹ¶ԺԺ졢ɢ 
ӽһǿѹ벻ᣬصסҺ˼Ҳһȥ¶Ժ񣬶Ժ˵Һµ¡ 
 ȥˣȻܽĵڣһ졣ֻΪʲ᲻ 
һұƹɫѿ 
 ҳȥߣĩ 
 ߵڣ 
 ҽĺۡϢһ¡ 
һ仰Ҳ˵Ѿ˽͸ 
 㻹ûأҴûгԣһֱĴС 
һŭӿͷڱܵʱ̣Ȼǡ 
 Ҿǲ㣡ҷŭĺã 
ȥƴơ˼Ҳ̫ˣӶˣϢʱأҲ̫ҵ˿ˣҵ鱾Ϊѹ䣬ʱ൱ӡ 
ͻȻŭЩԾװŻ˵ӣ۾һգһգĿҡ 
 ԭ㻹ݰһֱΪжأǰʱ򣬸òҲ¶Ұɣ 
ҵȷǲֻһйͷһʱ䳤˵ĸжҲͻǽĽ֣ұ޿̰ɱ 
 㡭쵰 
Ķ˵Ǹװģڴʱǿɶˡ 
 Ϊʲ᲻ܿһ±˵ĸܣΪʲֻ뵽Լ 
ΪõˣõԼңԽԽƲԼǵôߣұƵ˾ 
·ûұߵĻҡұܵһжʱ¶ܵ˺ܴ˺ɫ 
 ҵգ𣿡 
 ǰһġ 
 
ȫǵýգ˵ûҲԸȥգǰҲǱǿȲμջᡣ죬Ӧ21ˡ죬Ҳͬĸ׵ļա 
뵽ЩĪǸΡ 
 ףտ֡ 
Ҳ֪ð仰һ˵ˣ޲úݺݴԼ͡ 
˵ʲᰡַëˣԶܽܽѵأʹѾ䵽³ 


13 

 ԣףտ֡ҪСĳ档˼ûķƣֱĺ졣 
٣Ժϣõϰǡ 
вɵһᡣ 
Ҵ˿ѾһסƣͺߵͷӦ 
 ãȥ档 
ڵŵ˼ǰһ߳ԣһ߲ʱ̧ͷЦϵЦͬӰ㡣 
ԶöãһܸΪһա 
 ó𣿡ҵʡ 
ҵһζĸоϣ̸Ǣпʼıŭ 
 óԣСζʼװС 
 ҸϲֱӳС졣˵仰ʱָֻ˳˵޳ܣĿҡ 
̶һѸҵʹ趼˿ЦĲϣʲʹһŲ̵ģ 
 Ҫᵽ¶Ժȥҹ˵ 
 ʲ᣿˿ӡʱ㿪Էÿӻҵ׼ 
 쿪ʼҪᵽ¶ԺȥԺĺأұȥչ 
Ұѡ롱ҧĺأͬ⣬ҽһҪ֪˱Ƽ˻ʲ 
˼δһ¸ǲˡ 
 ãȥ 
ش֮ˬ衣 
 ΪȥĻرԸԹұˣ 
δ䣬վƹ߹ 
ûӣֻ̧ͷҲǡڴʱ壬ǾѾܷĿĻ档 
 Ҳסʱ龹ƽ۾ƯԩŮӵĻжá 
 㲻ȥҲҪȥ 
˵ȥ 
ҲܸףϣҴȥԺöӲʯϡ 
һЦЦл벻м 
 ˵һŹҽʱһֱΡ⿪µһŦۣѾԵɫ֮⡣ 
ץס֣ƽע 
 ˼ֵܶ£һûа㿴һʮˡƵҲ޷㡣ϱң֪ԺжҪҵĿ󣬵ȴ쳣ᶨ 
Ҳ׵֣ҲܾԼ춯̫ƻ飬춻סˡ 
 ϲ㣬Ϊʲ᲻Ըұ֪װģί˵ 
 Ǿ͵ҲϲɡҴ𵽡 
͵Ȱɡ 
Ժ񻯵ٶȱĿĶ࣬һص¶Ժĵڶ죬ͱҽԺᣬҾҲû뿪һֱߣΪҽ˵Ѿ൱á 
ҹҹҽԺ绰ûд˼֪ܻܿΪû㱨ٶץȥɣѾϾ˼ĸܺͻᷢԺȹʱҵǰΨһҪ¡ 
һ죬ԺڲݵɢͻȻ˼涨һѹȥʮ죬ЩӵæµʹѰʮŵ׵ᡣȻˣѵ˼ͲǵˣûгֹԸ 
ҸеǱ꼴ǰ쳣ƽ 
ÿ춼ԺܹȻ춣ĲǶ񻯵ջԵĵزÿڲǰѾٻӦҵ֣ĬĬ漣 
 죬Ժˣ 
Ҵתͷŷվڲǰ˩ȻеҩȻԱ߻վһλġңɫʮֹ죬зŭгԾʲֵĶ 
 û뵽ԺĲء̾ϢҸմӹ˵£һֱ˼Ҳ·æµȵȶû뵽 
Զػˡжˡ 
ϸѯԺĲ飬ҰҽĻ 
 죬ˡκҿ԰æ¾;ҡĻͷһů˼㣬һտҲ̫ˡ 
ҵˣп࣬Ҷ㶼㲻ħҪ㣿˵˼ֻʲ᣿ֻ鷳ѡ 
лΪֻǿ˼ѣԾౡ֮Ӧõġ 
ҿɲѣֻߣ׿˵ġ 
 ˼סҸ˵Ļʱ˼˵࣬Ҫٸ鷳仰Ҳʲá 
 £뿪ᣬ˼һһʡ 
£ 
Ҳ˵ʲᣬǽϵľӣԭǺüûϴˣҲЩѲβð 
᣿ˣҿı飬ʵʹ졣֪ᣬ첻ϴκӡ 
ȻĿתصԺϣҵٴ͹ȡ 
 ΪͿӿ𣿡ͻĴӱᱧסңȻӺ˶ģһҪ㣡 
ûϵʱ򻹻߼ˣһʱѲ͵ͷݺݳҵֱҧȥһʹȫ·еĺ޶е档˼ֲּ֣ܿĳϾѪ 
ɿңҲһ̾͸ñˣ 
ûж֣ߡ 
 һ߾Ҳûȥұ뵽ҽԺ㣬û뵽ͷͻȻˣ춢ң 
ԭˣֲһֱû鷳Ǹл 
 㲻ڣһֱܰ 
ԭҲӶˡʦ񣬻аá 
 ΪҺԼһѾȥˣȴ㣬ܱ㡭 
ԭνΪȻûǸԵԼ 
ˡ 
 С-졭 
΢ҼԼĶ䣬˵ǰԺ۾ſ 
 죬ҽϲתͷ˴󺰣˼ 
Ժ춿ңĿοйذ 
 С-죬Ҫ--- 
ֻ϶˵⼸֣ԡ 
ҽ˼飬˵ֻǶݵѡ 
ҲҺۣڲǰΪҽ˵Ժܻܿ 
˼һֱûߣ˯ˡҿ̾˿Ǹʿ̺ϡû˼ҲûԡҸ߹򵽷ܴүȥһ¾ʾֻˡ 
ǾڲһҹȻԺҲû 
ֻȥˡǾкĻΪ˵һ仰 
ٴʧȥˣһλˣеһδٵϡһΣʹ޴ġ 
Ժȥֱ֮ʱ䣬˺ܴæִ⸺зãӦܶ飬Ͼǵһɥ£ȻѾʧȥλˡңû׷ûپͲȥ˾׼һڵļ١ 
Ȼܸлĺ⣬ȻѾҪˡ 
Щ죬һֱԺĻϲʺĵط뿪йػһ뵽˼һǲԸٴȥ˵ֻʣҹµһˡ룬˼һܸˣ¸޼ɵ۸ˡǣҲȥ 
 ̸ʱ𣿡ᣬҵᵥ˵ 
 벻ҪҼ¸Ķӣ֪ʧ񣬵δӦ 
ҵҪЩȻ漴Ӧˡ 
10ȥ칫Ҽ档 
 С-죬Ҫ--- 
Ժ 
Ѿ뿪뿪ϣ뿪˼ʼµҸ 



14 

λ춷ضεһ۵ҵ¥İ칫ҾȻ϶³ȴԴӰѴ񽻸˼ͰԼİ칫ŲҲ˼Ŀռȥʵ 
Ҷİźܸм˼æµ֮вᵽҵĴ˳ʵС 
ϴǳʱƺûгԾ 
£졣 
ŷŵһߣûв𿪿 
 졣 
 еעңϣܼ賓ȻֻҵϣԼԸҪġ죬Ҫס㲢ǷʲᣬϣʱҪǶʲǸΡ 
һ˵ܸжܰǾ֮ͣȴΪ 
 ˼ҵĶӣҶĸˡȫ̳ĸ׳ڵòȴûм̳º͵Ը񡣡 
˵˼ĸףֳδйİˡ 
һֱֻ縸װºʹȰı飬һμҲĵʱ 
 СʱǰѱС۸ޣûʲѡֻаͷΨܸϵ 
𺫾ͷΨûб˼۸޶ʸΪѵģҺܻܿΪ۸˶ϧνۣȺ֡ 
 ǣ̫ҲǼͥԭǶ˹飬ڴʱҲŵ㣬ȻΪһ˵ǿɱġ 
 һֱıһ㣬Ȼȴġʹˣֲ 
Ҳǵһǰ¶εı飬ʹ·˺üꡣ 
 һݱ˵ģ˼Ҳܷġ 
 Ҳ֪˼Ÿոռ̳ҵҵȻȴءҿĳߵʱͻرģҿĺο 
 ˼˵ǴΪ˾ˣҾ͸֪һֵиѡ 
ҲɵÿЦ¡ 
 죬 
ϵɫΪѡ 
 Ҳǲߣֻϣһʱ䣬ȵ˼һЩ 
ҿǰλ𾴰ĳɵóˣĻʵҲɾܾΪܲܶ˵˼ǿ£ȻҪ£Ǵĵ׿ܡ 
 Ҳ֪˼Ƣְ۸ˣԸһʱ䣬һúýѵͿԴ㡣һҿԱֿ֤Ķ˵ 
ԥ˰죬ջǽסǿıԴǣӦһʱ䡣 
ĺܸлҴӦ£龪ȵĿ԰ͳ˰칫ңҺܹⲻȥ 
ߵϴּ䣬ϴһеԼ̾˿һˡԺ˵벻ʲ£ǲְԼ˽ȥأĳŵ˼ܹԴһͨԱһԴңԸҲǱĶ飬˵Ҫұ𡣵˼ĻҲпңһʱһ˵壬׼뿪 
Žæϵı飬תȥ 
ΨЦͻȻǰһԭ 
  
Ŀ֮ʱ۸£ʱɵв 
 רõϴּ䣬˵ңѵӦȥǼ䲻ɣ 
˼һ˫ŮԻƯ˵ۣΨϸķۣЦºšȻҸദЩ֪꣬òȡֻԼΣվء 
 ˵ΪʲҲЦ 
Ȼ֪һͶһΣգһҪ˼йأҿɱСˡ 
 벮Ҫȥŷޣܸ֮ǰУÿ칫ҳ˳һ¡ 
ҷˣ˼ҵľͺá 
 ˣһûءסңʲ᣿ 
ҲشȴĻɣлҺܶࡣ 
 ְɣֱǱȹϴҵĻԡ 
 Ҹ˵Ҫͨ벮뿪ƺЩ 
 Ҳ£벮Ҳǲ߰ɣ 
ûлش 
 Ϻ죬̫ˣΪʲܰѱ򵥣Ϊ벮ΪʲѧӦ뿪𣿡 
ڮ𾴵ˣǳߡΪе˶һɣ 
 ãȻҪ뿪ҿɾͲˡʱҿԷŹ㣬ȻѾҾͿʼˣ 
ͻȻסңҪҡ 
ƿп֮Ϊʲ 
 ΪʲǾͲܰҵһԴҶ󺰣ǳѹͷʣЩֻжǺ£ر۸ˣ 
 ʨֻʨͬУ˭ʨһһֻ͵ĺˣûԼֻбʨӳԵķݡ 
һα˲ۣһǱԼˣҵʱǵͨ졣Ȼ˵еҲֱˡ 
࣬۾Цˣˣ㣬ˡ֪벮϶Ȱˣǻȥɣߡ㣬ԴҶкô 
˳ȥ 
ҵЦʧᣬȥ 
ҪţͻȻһѰҷӦ֮ǰְȻ˽ȥ 
ҲˤסŲһ 
 
ѵҲеģҰп࣬ƫƫɣ 
⻹Һܾһμ߽˫߰յ۶ҡ 
 㱻Ϲ˰ɣ 
¶޳ܵĻַߣҲƿȥҲݵİסǽϡ 
 ȷģֻǳ죬˭֪ľͲˡҼȻҵͬ˰øͲٷڡ࣬Ҫ뿪ûصҲں㱻ֻҪᶼҵľͿԡ 
˵ȲĿʼ˺ҵ· 
ˣղžͶ͵ҺͷΨ̸ֲ˵ΪѾӦһʱ䣬ڻ˼֮Ļֻֿܷ 
û˼ȻԸҲ´࣬ŮﾭḻֶΣֿҵ϶ 
 ſңԽԽ亹ֱð˼֪ɱҵģⲻԸ˵ĻΪѾȫ˼һΪסʲᶼ˲ˣҲʵ 
һҲûзĹâ 
 ȥ˵ҵ촽ѹ˹ 
Ťͷ˳ҧҵľһְֻҵ˫ַڱᣬһֻ˺ҵ·ѹ֧岻ϱѹýűסҵȣҰڵϡ൱ⷽľ飬˺ҵֺ֮ܿͽ⿪ҵȥסҵĴ֮ͣ긧Ū 
ѹ裬ֺ£ҾȻ߳ļͷΣָоһҾöҪˡ 
 ʲ᣿Ψſ𣬸ղŻʱ˶ 
ͬûһңҲʼȥ 
ΨѺ 
ҵѾҲȫ⿪ǴıȽϽʵţп㣬´ʱѱ˺ˡ 
ΨǱӣҡҡͷ㿴ԼԼҪҸղž֪⣬ǳ²ɣ 
ұӼĿ⿴̧ͷһ˻ӷߺޣòʣһֱ⣿Ϊʲᡭ 
 Ϊ㿴ԼĴ˵Ϊ뿪´󼪡ұЩͬ㣬ҪΪͰ֮Ļһȷ㣡 
ϵϣӲܻĺˡ 
ڵϺþòվϵǼ´ϣл˳ȥ 
ڽϣ۵ţпһװ£ֵĴһ·ٺĿ⣬Ȼȴûʲо 
վ·ߣһƬãȻҲ֪ȥٻع¶ԺסѾʣȻӦ£˼ĹԢȻȥҲûжǮ 
֪ѾߵҾúۣҵһط 
·ĿĵأʧȥĴǲִˣҿʼڴӦ¡˼ܷŹ𣿺ܷŹ 
Ӱ쵽ƻ裬ƻֵҹҶûж벻ȥ賓ʵҲҹ˹ϵ· 
 㷢ʲ񾭣һڶߴԺſۣʲʱ˯ģ 
 һ죡˯ʲ᣿ΰ˼һߺһ߰ϡ 
ڳϣͻȻɵĶϵ·ⲻ· 
ɫ䣬̾ͰѷΨҵ·ûһҲûС 
 ʲˣ 
ԼǼѾƵ·ͬըһˡ 
ûд𻰣ֻ㶵עûм 
ʲᶫƵȥǷΨɣ˵·죬̵ֳζ 
 쵰Ҿ֪⣡ 
 ˣ 
˼Ѿûõ·Ҳ·ҽһȥƽʱͻᷴеҪ£ȻҲвĸоĺůҶ붯ˡ 
 Щۼ£ 
ڿĳԽԽ䡣Ҳ˸ս 
 ϡҵƮڿУ 
 ʲϣϵĺۼ£ 
 䡣 
Ψһĸо 
 ˣ˵˵ 
ϵıԽԽҽֻģģĲͣ졣 
 ãװɵǲǣҿ㻹ǲ䣡 
֪£Ҹе쬵ԽԽǿ屻һš 
䣬䣬ҽӶľˣʶԽԽģֻһͣȵů֮˹ȥȺֺеԵĵӣ»һطнķůҰԽԽԽԽ죬ڶùģȻȴҲɵø˵Ц 
˭ҵͷᡣ˭ֱңů 
 Ժ 
þûԺˡ 
¡ 


15 

ζҴлѩ 
ˣҷˣԺ§ңοң˽ΪʲǰͻȻɩУΪʲ˼ļң 
 Ȼɩһ˿ 
ӹ룬̣㰡ɩչȻǳãʹһҲΪõĶ 
 ллҰһ뽪˸׳죬θůڵģȻ֪ңﻹǺܸм 
ӹ룬ҵĶͷҲԺѾˡ 
ڽĴ̼¿ʼѹԼǱ˼ϳĸοҲֻǻþˡ 
 ɩ˼أ 
 үȥүˡ 
ҷˣΨ˵Ҫȥŷ޻Щģû˼˵ңƴң۸ңЩС֮ĶȾ֮ܲǷңȻʱúõĸ˼ 
ɩվڴߡ 
 үжˣ 
ûʲ˼᲻֪Ҹ˼һжãһ룬ѵָɩ֪ص£ҰοԼ 
 Ҹղ㻻·ʱϵĺۼǸˣʲһ֪ܲ˵ֻʱȻ侲 
ҵˢһ¾ͺˣʲ᣿ΪұɩᣬƫƫҸ˼Ĺϵ˼±Ψ֪ҲͰˣɩ˼ǰҾøⶪ 
 Ϳүһ㣬ǿ˵𣿡̾˿ֽңأҲһ㣬һЦӡ 
ƣЦˣԼҲӿ˵ 
 Ϊ˲ʲ£л㣬˭֪Ƿʤб° 
 ڵǲǶ㣿ֱʲҲˣְ취ʹ·϶ջ˼ֶЩ¡ 
 Ҳû 
 һĵ𣿡 
Ĳ죬һرأ˵˵ʲҲñ֪Ǳ˼ԼСͬǿȵġ 
 ˣΪѹҪ˵үҪ̫̫ѡǧ飬棬Ҳ˹ΪʶãĶң֪Сйٶǵ־ͶģȰ㰡ǱɵˡҼҴҵҲ٣˵㣬ǻ˺ŵҲȥοֲŮˣвүʱҲûУʱֻ˲ա 
ʵ޻˵˼ҹȻԴϬһѪϧҲ˵ЩһҲûСв˼ǮԸ⵹ԶԶġ 
Ҳ˵޼ƿʩֻö뿪 
 ˼һ˵ʲأҪӣɣ 
˿ɻشϡȻʱһᣬ˼̸ᣬҾܹͦŵģҵԼ˵㡣 
뵽ɵּˣһ˸еȫĵķɣ˸ıڿĴϴ˼ĴɣһǵһĴϴᷭҲõĵȥˣҾСʱһѱΧҡӣ棬۸ϵů⡣ 
֪ʵǰӦҲ˼Щڣתһ룬˼ҵıп˵һʱ˭Ҳ޷ԤϣʱֻϣͣҪ鷳˭뵽ᷢأֻҪ˼ܹı䣬һǺϣѣϾ㣬ͺǵҲĽ 
ЩӰסϵ⡣۾˼ϰԵҪ£ʱһ׺ݵıҲûУЦĿҡ 
 ǰһֻèҲ 
 ûǵҿè 
 أڤ˼˰죬ͷѽ˭֪˻ˡ 
ҲҲ࣬ɩ˵ģںʲأ 
 ʲʱ 
 һСʱǰϵķɻ˭֪ʲʱͷˣҾ߶߶ 
һʯͷˡ˵ͺˡ 
 ҲӦĻʵܹġ 
 һ·˳·ȥ˷Ψݺݴһ١˼˵һ仰Ҳû˵Ȼ顣 
ԹƵҵͷҲǵģҲˣΨʵҲԻ󣡡 
ΨҲʵˣҲûԻҶ˼Ŀ΢΢죬ǽһĽᶼ⿪ˣرãû뵽ΨȻһԵİ˼һٴǲԸ˼֪ҶֵǺԼ˺ڹ뵽ǰڳп˵ӣҲɵùЦҵһ˼ǰ˷ЦԴ˵ҵЦĻ֮ᣬ΢Цûǰ¶֪ԼûĪġ 
˼ңֽڻȥ 
ұʱŵָʲ᣿˵Ļˣ 

Ѹײڶ֮ưڴϣʲ᣿˵ʲ᣿ҵãһ¹ȥ˵λԺڼһֱ죬Ҷûʲҵ˰ɣ 
ʼҵ· 
 𡭡һ߼ֹĽһ߼Ҫ˵ 
 ˵Ļ㶼𣿡 
 ˵ʲˣ˼һҲûͣװˡ 
 ȵȵȣþȫץס֣úڻ˵Ļ 
 ˵ʲ᣿Һúô˾ȥ̡ˣ˵ͷӸʲᣬ޳ܵĶЦгЦ֮⣬˵˵ǰɡ 
 أҲţûᵽ𣿡 
 ʲ᣿Ȼϲ㣬ûҪſڱտڶɣֲ˽ӡ˵Ͱѹ˹ 
 ңҼˣֵš 
£˵ĺúõģΪʲûи˼Ӧҵ£ѵ˼ֲ˵ѡ 
˼СıߵСȣ 
 ҪҿɾͷˣһҲˣѵ㻹һӲҲǸˣҪѧŮߴģοֲûϹ㣬װʲᴿأ˵Ϳʼֱ 
 ҾǲԸ⣡ľʧ룬Ϊʲһ˲֮ 
ͬһֻèצٷ춴춷ԵϻҲֻͽ͡˼лһеļƣһʱ޷óѣеĽԽԽʢҲԽԽݡ۵Ľ˳ 
 үڸʲ᣿ɩͬץ˾ݣ߳Ķ׵ᡣ 
 ɩң 
˺ѷεĺ˼ϺݺݴҵһƣҾðľˡ 
 үִ˾Ͳˡ´ȥҵϾкɩ˵ 
˼ʱѾҷϣϣѹ޷ҵڱﲻҳʵѾ޷˵ͷľɻ챻ޱסˣ 
 ɩ߿ˡ㲻ǻҪһҪأ˼ƽͬʲҲûһȻڴͬʱȴקҵͷ͵İҵͷӱƬ̴ϢĻᣬ춱Ҵں֮ʱְҰȥ 
 ãүȥҲ̫ˡɩĽŲԶȥҵĳ׾ˡ 
ȵϢŸҶߣ˵㣬ҵĳǱܾ𣿡 
ƾÿһ·Ҳûз 
ңңΪҲٷҲᡣͬһҲʼŪҵķȻԽȡǲͷˣʼմĵطһͿҺָҵڣұܵһ䣬ΪʲҪԶ䣿 
˼ָڽΨһһָཥȫĶǡߣ˼Ļʱһּ˱ѾȻĸоȻ֮ľʹֿĸо˱𿾣ڻϷȻ㿾ڵǲġ 
ҵ屻ɹƣβȴ߸̧ͷڴϣҴԼĿ϶Ŀ˼Ƶ˶͵ķϲͣÿһζѪ䵽ǳĴϣʺֲ˻ǵףɫ֯裬пĵͼ 
 
ҹһ˿ҵ˼ûϼ·߳ȫˡ˼Ѿ˯ˣƽȵĺ˵˯ĺ˵ʲΡһʧߣ˯߶˵ѾҪҪһֱ۾ܿ硣 
Ȼһҹһֱûкۣкܶ»ԽԽס 


16 

Ͱ׵ǰ΢Цͷתɻȥ 
 ң⵽£׷ȥʣתȴ˼ſа£㻹ҵߡ 
 Ϊ벮ΪʲѧӦ뿪𣿡Ψҡҡͷңһɵϡ 
ͬӰ֯Уȴ·Ρ 
ģңƭʲ壿ֻһͨˣûʲüֵѵΪ˼Ϊ£ҲǴӦʱ𣿻̫æµ˸˼ 
һδͣķʣеĳͷԽԽͣȻȴʼղҰԼĸһ㰮ѵһλһֱ۰ҵ˾ȻҲһס 
ʹԽԽҿµ˼У⽥ա 
 Ҫȥ˾ˣ㣬Ҳ֪رࡣ˼վڴߴ·Ҵͦ޳ģİϤӰԶഺңͬȥ˾ԽԽоƣ˥ϡ 
 ļڻûúϢҪȥϰࡣҧסҵĶĥ·Ҫ³ݺۣҲʶסҵ⣬ͷƵһһҵʶң廹иоģʹȴ޷ѵĴҾø·ͣ޵Ԩ䡣 
 һᾡģʲͽɩ춻ѹЦſҡ 
 ࡣ˵вȴƽ 
 ãҽɩҵͷ 
 Ҳס֣ڲκˣɩ¼裬ҲĿһۿĵҲڲסĺޡ 
ҿɢ멤һǺϵȵĴ 
ǲƭңһжýˡҵú޴ֻǴԼ޾˺衣ҲִҲԽ˼֮Ĳϵһ޷˵Լ¡̫ظˣǲ͹۸Ҳ޷ܾͲܵЭѾһԼ룬ҲԸⱻͬӵ׸ҿļͥĽֹϵʹ뿪˼һҲҪİͶΡ 
ҲΨ˵ûһֻųĺˡԼҲ˵򣬵ַ˭ˣʨӵıԾѪܰѱԵƵϣ 
µҿˣҪָ˼ķŹѾǲܡ 
Ұʹ£ô룬ǽȥȻǸ߼ƷҲ 
˶ָЩҴ¹ҳ˼·ϣڴϵȴһȥҲҶˣﻹںͼСʱ 
ɩ͵͵ӹҼΣÿζϸ΢ĽŲͱ۾ᣬۣ˯һҹȥὥϮӲԼ˯ȥ 
 
 ᣬû𴲣˼춻ˣҵͻȻҵһοͬȴ˹һ 
 㡣˵һ춼㡣 
ǵģһĶ㣬ҵһСƬѱɨ봲ףһƬʱޱµС 
˼ЩȣС컹ǵһθɣ˵˵ϲȻͱҴ󣬲һϲ˵ҲҪ 
ˡ 
 ˼Һ䣬Һ𣿡Щɬ˵Ҫ˵ĻԷе˵ͺ߳ܣԾҲ̫ϷȻҲΪĺߡ 
 ߹ıסңǣԽԽ 
ܽһϧһ֪֮ģҵߣʱȨΪͣʱú޳ֶ֪ܵˡ 
Ҵӱ֣˫ۻסľ⻬Ƥ΢΢ͻĵطӦþˣҾеĴƬ 
 үɩĽſ΢΢һ˼ǡڴʱɩʲᣬǴƬͲĲһѪۣͻײҲʹ֣˴ϡ 
˼ʹס˿ڣ־ȵĿңвţŭ롭ʹ 
ҼæȥʰƬȴɿһƴ򵹣մѪƬһ仰Ҳû˵ֻǺ޺޵Ŀҡ 
 үǱɣѾˡĳɩѾ͸ңҺ˼֮вĹϵȴҵ˺ĸα 
 ɩ뿪˼вɵļԼᴦ 
 ү 
 ġһΪһ߶ҲͲ롣ҲֳġпĶЦ߰ɣУҪ¸κˣ̡ҾҲˣһ仰ȻָֻȻҵ۾ȴͬҰް㷺⡣ 
ɩ뿪ˡ 
˼΢ЦңҺ¡ 
΢Ц˼֪еĲѾҵһȫ 
һαڴϣϴβͬǣѹҵ·ҵֽžİɼյơ 
ֻ֪ܵ˼ʲֶζԸҡȴʵ̸尾顣 
˼ٴγʱһеı֪ʲˣǼȻо߳һʧܵ³Ҳ׼ 
 㲻Ǻ𣿲ұ𣿡ҵ֪һͻһ꣬һ飬ǾһЩ 
 ̫ˣСãСŪˣͲˡѱ߬Уһɿ 
 ڿˣûǣŽСʡ˵Ϸĺӣȴӻĺޡ 
ָ쵽ѨڣȻָǸĶһӾճڸµڱϣ䣬ĺ䣬ҼΪƫƫֽճסֱ丽ĸоȵʹܡСʱĹ£ںĵطͷĸֹܶճסβָˡ 
 ãЧӦ÷ŸࡣС죬һ£ֺ䣬Լɡ 
˼һİҵȫֱۣزȣȫʱбϱ䡣 
 𶯣ǿҾֱӸȥ 
ﻹסԽԽڴϡ 
ȻδǵıҲӲڣ˴ʹܵ亮Ĵ̼оʹȻֽűǲͣŤ塣 
 ԭ㲻Ц﷢ʹҲˣˣȷһġ 
 ԸЦǾԶʹӡ 
ԽԽ䣬˼Ȼ飬ֱҲ¡ֹͣˣΪѾȫľ 
 Ѿˡָ 
⿪ҲµʲᣬֻڡѾû֪ˣɡ 
ȻܲСĻˡüͷ˳С죬Ҳ˰ɣҰůһů 
⿪ңܾĴoһ塣 
˺þã彥ůһЩŵһɷ㡣˼ͻȻסңְ֪ʲڣҲûʲرоȻĶԽԽůԽԽůůĿʼ̣ԽԽ̡ѹڴϷǶó˼ΰסҵ˫֡ 
͹Ϻһ˼²ͣ£ѾеѾˣǱܲ˵ʹһδε塣 
 ˵ߡ 
 ǡߡ 
̡ 
 ˵ϲҡ 
 ҡϲ㡣 
ܲˡ 
 һ쳣ᡣ 
  
ʹг 
춰Ƕһñֽסڻһ˲䣬һ̱ڴϡ 
 ҡٷϻӽʱȥ˾ÿϰļ͵Ҽңн¾ʹ绰ʲʱȥ֪ͨ㡣žһֻתңȻǳЦ 





17 

 ˮ 
Ҽѵ³֣촽øɡڼƣл˯ȥһɵͬգеˮ 
˼һԵɳϿļ·û 
 ˮҵˮȻ˼Ȼ۾Ķеļ 
Ҳˣ֪ûȻȲˮʡʡסһˮ֡ 
ڱȻǣ˼Ѫ˿ʱϵı飬ҿкԵʹһҹȥᣬԼҲʱľҪɱһΪԼͦ˵飬ΪʲеǸΣ 
һˮǰ˼עңϵܸӣзŭҲޡ 
ҳĽӹˮȲĺһڡ 
 ۡһһȫ絽˱ϣǺͬ˺ѿǾƣȻһ԰׾ƸңΪոպãӻͨûųζ 
 Ǳƭζ˼˵Ҳͣҿԡ 
ҺײƽϢۡ 
֪ûģҸ֮ᡣ 
˼Ҵ·ӳ궨һȦҴϡÿ죬ǣȥͬǣһûʲ˵ҾܣҪҵ԰ɢȻӶ˶ˣҾֻˣһǲڻȥǿధȴ˵ֻΪ˳ȥҵ߳ġ 
Ҳ֪ҪãҪֱΪȫѱˣŻѵʵѾˣȫҳˣҾųûϢҲеڶαڻ¶ľ 
ҹ뿪ҵʱ˼סңɱ̫ˣǸСû˵Ը̫ǿңδɱ֮ᡣ 
һ죬ɳԼĳЩλʼջǶܸ߳С˼ߴ绰 
 ͷΨҪµ绰ЦĿңǵģҺüû֣Ϊҳʲ¡ ҵȦĿĿ¶壬ʵһֱҺ죬ܸС̹ദ 
ҶʱĻңȻѾϰߣȴԸǰѿ 
˼ҵ˼˳ҵһ·ȥģҲԸǿС˵ӣο滹жĻˡ 
Ҵ·󶼲ȥҾϵȦҵǣȥſӭǡ 
˿ҵӶԵĴһ˼ÿһҶȽϣҲ졣룬֮ûӶرѡɼӲĸΪ 
˼̧ҵ°ͣС죬ЦһҿͬѵСĳɹѿ 
ǿ̧ͷ΢Ц 
˶ҡ 
 ϲϲ㶨ˡȴûһ㹧ϲ˼޺޵ĵҡ 
Ϊʲңǵˣ 
 ˺ˣò׼û¾ͺˡ˵Ҫȥֲ𣿿߰ɡΨܿɫԣæԲ 
Ҽϳֱ˼ҵӣֻҵ˵ధҲϴȦڸ߼ֲĻֽͷ̶`ǳһըšǺܿ£Ȼзִ磬ĥҲһЩ˼Ҳҵľ֮ 
˳ھֲҫ۵ǣͷҲ֪ῴԼڻνˣ˼ѵĺЧѾ˺ܶ߳ġ 
ڿϢ߹Ķϡ˶ߣϾڶĽĸҵļ̳ˡ 
ɳĽϣ˶ҵĴڣҾͿƽȹѿһ졣 
ȻƫƫҲţ˭ɳϵģݺݵĶ˵֮˵Ŀⶼ˹ 
 ذȥǹĵط 
ûжƵ˼ȻֻƵһЦһ򩤩ûһ̡ 
վԹԵİպķԸϡ 
 žһֻӶǰ˼ġȥ˵ĿӱĵĿҡ 
ǣɣǹ˼߹ҳϻУ 
ȻҵĿȴҪγѪ 
һᣬԼһҲʧˣһų˳Ӣ۵³ʱЦԼ 
˼ʱûңΪҵ˿ںõĺҽѾ˺ܺõҩڶҽĺĿⶼӶҲ¡˼ңȴֶŪȥøֻŪҵ壬ֱҼȥ˵ǰżһʱȴǳ顣 
ֻҪûлȥÿȻ˯Ѿǳ˺ۡҲãҾͳһߣһ죬Ҳʤһӡ 
ֿʼȥϰࡣȻϲ¡˼ǵĹϵصļãû˻ỳܾദʱᷢʲᣬǴһƣʹ˼İ칫ֻ߳ΪΪѹÿƣ 
磬Ҷȣ㶵ĿɫҺ塣ھ񣬻عͷֲ֪ղʲᣬҲ˥ϵǰװɡҲ25꣬͸֧뾫ѹԽԽƣ 
Ψһ˵ɩûٳ֣ǷҸ˼ˣҲûбҪټң˷ĺòˡ˼ųʦ٣ҪȥǰĶҲû޹ǺܿĵĳԡڣͣĵѣҪûзһİҪȥֱҲԡ 
̳ϣ˼ѾƾԼʵϵԽԽעĿҿʼͬŮ칫ңͨʱֲٶŮѾʼɫˡ 
ЩŮ뿪ҽнȥҡ֪ڹ۲ҵķӦҲûʲ᲻ 
 Ϊʲ᲻Դף 
һӵңЩ 
һĬ 
 ˵ϲҡ 
 ϲ㡣 
 ˵Ҫͣ 
 ϲ㡣ϲ㡣ϲ㡭 
 
ҽѾϰǡڵĲͣѺ͸һѾ˵ȤĹ߸ҿëȻû뵽ֽ赶ɱ˵ֶΡ˼Ͽֲı飬֪ԴϴҾͶֶ൱¡ֻ΢ЦңЩӽﾹȻ˸м 
ģ˼˺һҲˣҲ£ÿ춼ڱ˵ϲһδε˵ֱ⡣ 
ûгǰΨǾ˼˵Ҳæ˼һ裬ദ֪ΨǶҸȤлҪ˵ 
һ죬˼żڣΨҵ˵ 
 ˺ܶࡣڲͣչ˾Ūĺܶ˽п죬ҲӦ֪ 
ϵϰ壬ܷʲ 
 ǰû飬ֻЩġ 
 ֻһѿȴ˵ĵУâ¶Ǻ£Ҳתɻ¡ 
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 ڣϣʣҪԼҲ˱ˡ 
ѷĵУһȴԼҪеʵΣǶ̵° 
Ψһ仰Ҳû˵ΪͰ㿴ֻ˨סҵ壬ҵĻɵϣûз׸˼ 
һ죬Ҹ˼ϯƻᡣ 
һֱûټʱһŮվڳУǳۡԱߵ˷׷ۣ˵үֻŮˣλǸոߺŮлաҲ˵һֱƵĺڶŮԼᣬΪӢԺգټϳִ󷽣ܶŮ˶֮͡ǣ⿴൱ڵһԡ 
˼ҹȥкܵİŮѽܸǡ 
ʣȻĶ֣ԭܸʶ㡣ұȻһЦЦЩ˼Ҿúȷʵ۹⣬һλ൱ɫŮ 
ȥ˼þƣվӡͻȻһߡ 
ұһͺܾȴû뵽Ȼ˵޳ܣڵڴ֮ͥסҵ塣ҶʱסˣֵĿ 
 ߣӾ⣬һᱣ֤Ҳ㣬ҲŰ㡣Ҷ˵˾¹ڳĺүڸʲᡣ 
пЦλŮҿ˶ģֺοأѵ˼еҲвɣ 
 ȷ֣ 
ɿңӦˣһסųȥ˽㡣 
ҡҡͷ 
ΣյĹ⣬᣿㻹ϲˣ̵Ķ㣡 
ʮЦٲҲ˼˵˲̣ 
ȻҡҡͷҲϲ˼ߣֻǲ뺫Ѿǰˣͳһ 
ңݺݵҧ˵ãУһڵģ˵תȥ 


18 

ҶƱص˼ߣҪϲŮˣΪʲһҪ˼ңѵΪ˶һ֤˼ 
ƻŸոտʼѾ뿪˼ƫƫֺͼͻ̸ĺͶڽܣֺˣҸӲ 
 һڶ 
һͷһлգжʱѴ죬ȻҲԸ˵ŮɻˣһҧĿ־ѾʹҾıȴǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ǺŮѣѱỳʲı 
 ᣿˿ңʡ 
æϣƺҲϲμӾƻᣬ߸Щŵ˼һۣҲлգǳ΢΢һЦ༫һ´˶ûע⵽СȴоͷҵĴʱˡ֪ڰʾҵȨҼס 
ҽɺл̸ҷ֣һĽٵŮӣΪʲ˺治⡣ 
ֻһ뿪ˣ˿Ϻһϣתͷһ˼Ҳˡ 
 ȥСҪ¸̸ 
һλվǰ 
Щԥ˼ղɫĶȥȻʲνҪ£ǻ̾˿òվ 
Χûܰȷʵ˼ѡ볡еиǿˣѵҪܾô̼Ȥһ˳ 
򿪲ţܺڣûпƣҲ˼ܻܿӺڰңվſûмǰ 
 ҡһ͵͵洫 
 лС㣿ʮֳԾæ򿪵ƩȻлգڵϣʹŤ塣 
Ȼ֪Եڣ̲סȥ̣ˮסɫһּĺ죬ϢҲܼ٣촽Wͬ챦ʯ 
 ҡ 
 ˣҿѹӣʡ 
 Ů˱ҹ˴ҩˬĲءȻᴫһعͷŭ 
 ΪǮװʲʥŮҽ㣬ȻڼӲɣ 
񶾵Цã˰ɣϺ죬㲻һǾȥȻҲ֪ɱ㡣ҲԿȥұӦв˺æ 
ɫתΪ׺ݣǾܾҵ³˵ڵģ 
 ȻڻüߣһģԸͬԸҿ϶áеҡ 
 ˵ʲͳ۸һŮӡ㣬㡭 
Ҳ̲סˣʹлգ·𿴵Լҿܺܶ˵ĶԴǸŮӣһӾͻ 
ҷлգȻȥǰһһȭ򺫾ŤڵϡҲ֪ȭͷͬһ㲻һеĴЩܵ裬Ѷ˼ĺҲйϡ 
ǰʱ϶ѾˣʤңȴҲ˲ʡ 
 ʲˣ죬Ǹʲ᣿ 
˼ҲˣԾĿҺͺﷴɣҲãںݺҡ 
Ҳ˵ֻǺݺݵĵҡ 
˼һʱ㲻ֵ˶˳ȥϴš 
 £ҡҲ֪ΪʲᣬһղŴ򺫾ʱʱûˣֿʼӡ 
 Ůˣ˼ҲлյĲԾϾʲᡣ 
ùһˮϣ΢һЩ 
 лС㣬ʲˣʡ 
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 ҡ 
ҷŭ֮ĵȻͻȻͣתͷֱԼĶ䣬㡭˵ʲ᣿ 
 ҡлʹ֮飬򺫾֡ 
ҸеһѣΡ 
 ĳҿ㻹㲻Ѿʼˡװϧķлա 
㶵лպͺתͷ˼Ͽһ˿飬ȻûȴҴĵ׷ı顣 
ҿҡǶû˵ 
û 
Ϊʲ˵ 
Ҳ֪ 
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Ļн 
˼ңԼͻ 
 ϣһϼͣȻݶòң˼ֻҡ 
˼ңˣһȥ 
ұһ·ϳصҡ 
һ仰Ҳû˵֪ŵ²Ҳǰ׷Ѵ࣬οݵϷҲ̫ˡڽӡãǾɣǴĥϣҲͽˡ 
˼ҵ£ָҵʱҲĲһǱĥˣѵҪ 
 ǸŮ˵𣿡ֳı飬Ҳĸ 
  
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Ĭˣһ˵ʲأ 
 ֪ûǸ£Ҳ̫СˡЦˣֻЦĺ֡ 
ҵɴ۾˵ҵСֱЩϲ 
 ֪ûǸŮģһܡ֪Ӧ㣬ĲԸ㡭ɱ㡣עң۾оȻ¶ޱˣͬīһ衣 
 ΪʲҪɱң 
춻ûǼ£Ҳ֪ش 
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˵ʵȻٱĥһ˰ɣٻѧһЩġ 
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Ȼ䣬־ַŭƺ޷ҵĻѵΪһ˵ϲҿЦ׼ʱһơ 
ϵ鷴ıңԽԽҵͷؿڣܵ·Ϥů 
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 ֻҪ㻹ҵġʹˣҲҵģ 
춿ˣָֻ˰Եıԡ 
ﳤ̾Ը˵˵ɡ 
һҹ˼Ҹᣬļֱ죬ÿһ缡סҵķ˱ĦԺĶͦ壬Լÿɳܵ 
ᣬ§ңҵĴʱѹղ龰ﲻ֪ھΡѾ׶ˣ±ȻҲǾܲסеĿ顣 
 ǸŮҲᣬ졭 
 𣡡æֹסֻǸŮӣǧ֡ 
 Сָֻ˽ڵ΢Ц㲻ϲ˰ɣ 
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 Ҳܼæ绰˵ 
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 㵽ʲ᣿ 
 һŮֻһȦﴳļ𣿡 
춿ˡ 
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Ĭ֪˵ŮഺòʣСɣһвĽѵ˵ԼļԭԼǸСܹܶļΪݺ˵ 
 ҸȷΪȻҷҵʸпҲᵽҴܵõԶԶҪģҲģľΪ˼һһ׷ӾͳԼ 
ңиమˣҲΪ㶫Ժ£ҾϴӦˣΪʲҲʧȴܴõһӰƬԼ̫ҪˣΪһ᲻ϧκˡ 
ֳ뽿ӲƵļᶨҲ½⣬ֻ˵ΪǼٵģΪҸүܣĺܸм 
ѿһվ 
 ټȻ϶ټҡ 
 лС㡣 
תͷҡ 
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ЩȣҲһЦȴ˸⡣ 
˼ǰصϡ 
 ղһλڣ˵绰Ҫ𣿡̨С㿴ҽæסҡ 
 ллæнӹȻϦҲĲõһ֣ 
 磺 
 ҿϴѧˣհѧУҴ绰ɡ 
 ******** 
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19 

ڲȴϦ绰˲٣ȻȻƤǿСʱǸͬСϻһͷԵС㣬ʱʽҲûУԺԼգһʱСرֳ࣬رͷ۵£ΪϦ챻ģǾͽ֡Լĳ㡣һȥֱҶʱͬĸһᵽءЩƵҼҲϴѧ͡ 
ϰװСУ뵽ʱ˷ܵı飬Ҳɵǡ⻹ҵһıΪѧأӦϲ 
 졣 
̧ͷĶʱһ򣬷Ķǰ߰΢Цˡ 
Ҷ棬ϵ˻û𣿶Բҳ̫ˡ 
 ʲ᣿ 
Ϧ£Ϧҵûжκ˵˼ұܵĲ֪ϦĴڣҺһҳϹϦꡣ 
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ҿûд𻰡ʲỨУ 
 ʲ᣿ͻȻҸϦҿ˵Ҫ˺װֽ 
Ҽˣæվȥᡣ 
ҲվͬСһɿİСоٵĸ߸ߵģЦеĿңҸ 
ܣѾ߿ڵעĿֹ۵ľٶ 
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ҿʱ䣬ϦϾҪˡ 
 㵽ʲ᣿ 
 ûʲᣬѵܸ˵𣿡ʵڹ 
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ҿỹߣҲԸϦ 
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 Ӧסҵ֣ȫǹϣ˵ҷŲ㡣 
˦֣ˣ 
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ĳһƫƧ¥ 
¥кܶˣ˺͹ĵͷүҸоЩصɷĸ׿Ȼǲ򵥡 
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ƿһ죬Ϧҡ 
ܴм߰˸Χһڼϵˣֹܻţղ¥¼ˣǸһåǸȻȻͣȻϦþûȻĸ˺ܶ࣬ƤҲ˲٣ȴȻϳǾǿüۡ 
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ҹţ˵ɣҪ 
 ˵ˣҪҡ 
̾˿ֱ㲢ϲңҲϲˣΪʲһҪ 
νһЦ 
 ΪҴûҪòĶò㣬һһʳѰ 
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 Ҳһǿ㣬ϣĸԸҡ˵ 
Ц˵ѵвͲǿ 
 ʵԼҲӦҶѾ飬򣬵ƾϵͲ֪Ѿٻˡ 
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 һᴦҲٵȣû綯֣űȡҲҪѧѧ˵ʲҲҪõ㣡 
 ãҴӦ㣬ҲνЦˣϷ 
 ҵõ㣬Ȼ֤û˻ 
Ŀõ˼һΪռҵõңЦֲŮˣѵҪǸ𲻳ɣ 
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֪ΪʲᣬҾȻǰһ 
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Цתң죬Ҫ£Ҳ㣬Ҷڱصéߡ 
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ﲻ֪ΪʲʧΪ˼϶ҵңû뵽ջ˺ 
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춾ˡҸ죿ûбȻ޷ֿϵΪʲҪˣѣǶвҵĹߡӦϵΪʲ˼ǣҵѵעҪŪ 
춽ʱѾһƬհף˼Ҳܾңһжע޷ġ 
ҺᣬҲ˼ϸȻڳ鶯ʱȻʮͣƺҪЩѻźй۵ҧס촽˿ҵأͷ˽Ĳסңͬһƻߡ 
ľʢĿ£֪˶ٴΣѾָ̧ûˣȴʼ޷ȥһδεıеĴ̼;޴ĳоѣѾС 
ȥԡʱһԼʲʱᵽԱ߲ױѵڲ֪֮Ѿݵֵز 
ڿԡΪҲϴ塣ȴ˼ڱضܻǲټˣ϶ɱҡΪӿ˼û뵽ҲӲЦܿ˯İΧС 
Ҳòϣҵȷܺã˸ƵģҲûж˵һĻÿ춼ߣ粽롣Ʋ˵ʱ˼ΪҲ᲻ͣԼ˵ϲҽ£ĬĬ˼СҲǹͬȱݣҵȡ˾ȵĳɹȴԶǳСҪ˵Ĺĺ͸οΪʲ᲻ҵ翴Ҫֲֶסң 
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ҷ֣ں߾ȻĺɣΪÿǽ˻ῴңʹҩ 
һ죬ڴɳϣںĳ͵ѣ֪ΪʲᣬԽԽ 
 ǰһֻèЦҵͷ 
˭Ҳ˵˭أ 
Щ꣬ûҵļ󣬱ΪõҵܿҲͻңҵȴԽԽ˼Ҹо󱻶鶢סһ 
ʲʱԼӲܽʲʱҲ˶ǳߵĻ 
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˼൱ƣںұЩǱжľռϷ硣վȴʾƵסҵ 
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һǾѿ֣ɳվҲվ˼Ҳ֪ΪʲᣬȻ˺ᣬе׹ˡ 
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 Ҷ֡˼ͬȼ档 
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΢ЦķΨû˶ݹȴĲᡣ 
á 
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ͷ˼ȴ˺ðŵͷܾԼûʤ㣬֪֮ϧҲѡ 
ѡڼֱЦʲʱѡȨˣ 
ǿҵĿ⣬ҾԼǱū 
û˵ 
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 ҪѡҾһϲҲǱЩġƴ 
 ԣǱҪѡһЩֻһΨҵҡ 
 ãѡ 
˼ͺŵĿҡʲ᣿ѡҲǰ׷ѣǻ裬Լһء 
 ѡ 
 
 Լ 


20 

ѡ 
Լ 
еɫͬʱһ䣬ֻŭͳԾĳ̶Ȳͬ 
΢ЦȴӦ 
̫Ȥˡ֮ǰͬʱ 
˼ȻúЦҪңΨæסʹѡ˺ҲŭΪҺϷˣ飬û˼ 
 ǧ嶯ΨЦĺõӡ 
 Ϊʲ᲻ѡңҶ㻹𣿡ŭĴ󺰣϶ѡһҿ϶ѡʧʹеʱȫתΪ⡣ 
ǶҺܺã޷ͬԵϲҲҪұԶƶߵҲԸⱻɹڽ˿ĳѡģҾͰԼԸѡˡ 
 ѵ棬Ҫ˵ҳЦЦתȥȻûң 
ʵҲǶһ֣ҵĹ۲죬Ȼ飬ȴ൱ӣ˴˵϶᲻ŵԡû뵽һССƾȻãҼֱԼˣȻҲ֪֮߳ǰԶܷ仯 
 վסȻ˼ 
 ҪСȻˣ˻УԼ²ܲáΨȰ 
 ģҲǲá 
˼˵Ϻ죬Ϊʲ˲ҲΪֻɫַʵڲֵˣϵĺԼ꣬ڻҵԱҪϻȥϰ࣡ 
վסˣһ򩤩ûǷݺԼϣڷȻҵĹӿ죬Ͼ뵽취ǣ˼ǺοأһûӦ˼ 
˼Ц߹ץסҵֱۡ 
 ԼѡҲˣ㲻ڻϰ壬Ҫߣ 
 ã---ߣ 
ҧһһֵ˵ĿһݡҵĴҪɰ 
 ǰұһ 
ץϵңĿͻȻ˻档 
ҵĶʱͬ׹ѣҡҡ׹ 
壬Ŷϸ׳ʱʱֳֵ֪ʹ໹΢Цı飬΢˫⣬һһմϢĺ촽WΣͣ߸ߵ͵͵ 
ĻĵҼֱԼۡʲʱһģһҲûз 
ѵҵ컨ϲС 
ʱһƬлζı飬Ȼȴޱѣ죬Ȿ׼͸ȤľϲҪ뿪ңͰΪţһҲˡ 
ǣҵȷһҲһĻˣ¼޳ܡ޵Щ˵ע¡ 
ЦЦ֪ÿη裬һҪӢۣ¶Ҫװ࣬ȡɣ˻й 
˵ĿͬӤ¶ĻϷĻʵнġҵһθе裬ҵĻûҲ̫ˣ 
 ҡд 
  
˼ĿңĿзŭ񡢾ʹҪңʲҲûֲϲ㣡ΪʲҪ۾еǸΡ 
ЦȻȴԼݾͣصڿá 
 Цˣ˼ŭҶ죬һǲܿסЦȫļҲĶ 
˼Ѿ߸߾Ȼҵ֮ǰҾѾҲվסڵϡ 
Ҳ֪˼ģһֱֵȫЩ棬ѹʱ˼ 
ǺãĶҸеģҲģʰϹҡ 
 ĶĶҹһ¼Ӱӵ 
ע⵽˺ۡ 
һŴЩʶг׻ָǡҲ֪ö˵ʲᣬЩǸЩмȻкޣЩ鸴ԼҲ޷ݡ 
߳ңѾֻʣɣ˵С 
ֻ֪ҪԼûеڣҾͻûɣɶˣ˼ͺ鷳ǵĴүƢʧŵ£ڶǡ 
ҰѴ˼ҴĶȫ·ߵͰȻЩϧȥҲʲ䡣 
ֱϲҪ£ϸϦ˵绰 
Ϧǰ̻ʵĳԲˣҲ֪ЩΪʲץң˵ϴӣУҵ֮ỹûüκŮ˵һ߳һ߷޷޵ıԹ 
 㣬Сҭ΢Ц 
Ҹ˵꣬ȻҭˣһˮŻƢԷҲû䣬һ³ç 
 ҿҡ 
 ĸ磿Ҷʱһ 
 硣ˣһû˵Щ˷ңЩǺĻ˷ܵҲ˲ˡ 
 Ǻ˧ʱ弫ˡ˳ĺãĵҲãһֱͻѧУ 
 ϦӦң᲻Ҫټ 
 Ϊʲ᣿ɴڵ۾ 
£ֻǸͻȻ˾ȥأûа취ʱҺһû©ٳĻίǸΣյأҺܻɣϦӡڸʲı 
 ˵ǸѲ˸ϵϦҾ±࣬Ҳ׼ѧǧҪ˳ϹϵǵӦңҪٸ 
ԥƬ̣ˬĴӦˡеʯͷʱأ֪Ϧƭҡ 
ڹ˾˼˹Ҳûи˵һ仰ѹңҳæҹַ֪ĥңҲ⣬Ϊ֪ѾҲʹ߰ĸԾܲʳԵĳ衣 
һȻ޷ͷ֮ޣ˼Ҳ޷ܼǰȥܿҵ˷ֹ˾Ҳ̫˺ɣȻûг׷ңֻɱΪúԼסҡڶߣȻԽԽû˼ȴȻԸſ 
һŬǴʱѾΪӱʹ࣬ǻϵĺԼŵҾƴǷҵĶǣҲã˼Ҳգֻ֮ҪҲǷǵģҲˡ˻ãûжùнˮЩҲҡϴѧķҪܺü꣬Լʱÿɾ 
ԣȻнˮͣȴָֻ˴ʱ࣬Һ㣬Щһ£ԼԶҪ̫̰ıȻԼͷ 
֣ܿϦȥ棬һ綯տ㣬򣬷·ֻصСʱ׽Բصʱ򡣵ҵ;ǲ̫ãȻʧߣҲȥҽ˵һص˥ҺúϢ룬ЩõĶ壬񾭣вͣĶΩҾμ˼п񣬼ֱΪίģΪʲƭңк˫̹ĺҵۣΪʲ᲻ѡңΪʲᣬ⵹һֱʵģΪʲҪʹĻ䣿 
տʼһʱ䣬˵ͥĿ飬ҳڴϷüξ˼򺫾ᴩ䵽Լޱȿ־ڣѾ뵽衣һʱͳʧˣҰңԼе˰ 
ʱִҴҹȥҲû˼ǣȻӱֽйǵĲɷášҸϵĺԼֻˣԽԽиˣϣġڻûŮѣΪϣڳϵҵϲŮʱҲŸո30꣬·ܳ 
磬ҶڲԷҸͬ޷һƬڶбܵĿ־壬ԵЩ䵭ټ֪Ǵܹ˾·ŵģеܻ˼ 
 ˵̫ϻʻˡ 
 ŶˣһΪһֱڹأ 
 ǻλ̫ү 
 Ӧǻ˰ɣͷӶ̫ϻˣٽ̫ӣ 
 ͷӳ⣬ƹϴ󲿷ֹɷݡ 
һѵ 
 ̫չƻɹͷӻǰλ 
 丸ӣ֪ͷӵƵĶҵСĸݣ濴Ůĺ 
 ʲ᣿Լ˾̲ˣֲǱ̲㡭 
̸˹Ц 
ҲԲ£粨η϶ˡЩûٻеĽʼûн⿪˼ʱʹܸ磬˵״绰ȷ˵˵ҲΪʲᡣɵĻԣ϶Ҹ硣 
 ̫ϻʣ̫ˡ 
 һ̫࡭ 
 Ǵ򷢵֪궼ûйһŮѣ˼Ҷ˵ë 
 £ܹ˾˵̫үͼı죬Բű 
Ҳˣվ 
ӿͬƵ̶ҲֹסҲûͳ˹˾ 
һҪҪǰ£ǲƭңǲǹ壿ֻǸСͰѴӦҵĻˣ߻ԭ 
һֱ벻ͨЩЩʱ޿̲ڿʴҵġ 
Ҿƭң׿ڸҡ 
Ҿŵ˻ƭңֻҵΡ 



21 

 ʲ᣿ 
˼ңɫȻѿûֳ˲٣Ҳ˼ء 
 Ҫ𣿡ҽʡ 
 ײ㣬ҹ˼ĸ 
 ҲߣǼ 
קסϺ죬㻹ǺƤܵ˼СУΪʲᶫ 
 үүѾϳһӶ˴Ӵһ㶣Ļ˻ȥ 
Ȼƿ˼ŵķȥȻһӲŸոտӰӿ϶ˡ 
 Ҵ׷ڼٵĳᡣоһϲæȥȻͻȻ٣ԽԽ졣 
ƴܣһȣһһ߻֣ϣ˾ӾпңȻȴԽ˦ԽԶ 
ճѾҲ׷ϵľᣬͣסŲʧڴŴڳᵽʲȥ 
Ҵվһֱվ֪վ˶á 
Ѿ׼пĴ𰸣ȴȫû뵽ĻҲûС복Ѿ˳ıӰѵûзһ·׷ҾۣѾǲܴܳΪʲһҲò 
վ˺þãŻҴȥӽ߻ԼĹԢȴһûоۡǳ⣬˸ֿܣΩû뵽ֽڵѾƽֻǻЩãҲ֪˵ʲá 
ĩҴӳлʳƷԼ˸ϦԻĩһʳվڹԢſڣҰӷŵϣһֱװţ߲˵Ǹӣһַ´Կס᲻ˣѵڳиǮʱˣָڵϵĴ 
 һִֻϷӹұЩĴӣϦҵԿ׺񲻼ˣŰɡֱ̾ 
˼۾״ĸ㺣ͬа·Ҫ̽ȥ 
 ΪʲԿףʣּд˼ٵķ籩 
ҾܼһȴûлشҲشϦҵˣΪʲ᲻ҼҵԿףƾʲҰԿ׸˭ 
 ΪʲҪǰ֣Ҫҵеһˡ 
 ֻûٴ㡣ҵ˵ 
 ҲܣѾŵˣŭ 
 磡Ϧ˳Ĵ¥Բ𰡣ˣѧУףλǡ 
Ŀ˼Ϊҵѡ 
˼ɲûƣһǨŭϦæ˵ 
 ϦţҲԿˡ 
ϦţҰѵϵĴȥ 
˼Ǹ죿뿪ڡ 
 ҲϦѾкˣͷԼ򵥵Ĵк֪˼Īĺ 
 磬Ҳվſڣ˼ҽ 
 㡭 
Ҹ˵ȥɡ˼Ѿ߽š 
ֻҲϦЦӹӣɣĻһ˵ǲǣ 
ҷͷﻹ뵽 
 Բ 
ϦɵϣѾ׼˼Էˡ 
æ˵æϾҪߡ 
 Ҳæ˼Ѿָ˹еЦݣҲңϦ˵ϲһ㣬лл 
Ϧȥæˡ 
 ߰ɡεĿ˼ƽҸ˵̫ɹˣҲԸΪĳֲκβ 
 סֵطԹԵĻڣнˮӦòͰ 
ΪҪǮǷҵծȻԼʮƽ׵СԢΪ˳׸ǻϵ 
 ǲǶǸСˣ 
 ҳȥҵļң 
óʱ䲻ҶηѾ࣬ԼﻹҪ裬Ҽֱˡ 
 ˣûʲأϦСĳ̽ͷ 
 ˼¶˵Цݣû˵𣿡 
 ûСϦʵĻشֻعͷȥæ 
˼ʱͻȻҪЦ 
 ˼Σһû취ЦϣҲΪȽϰûӡ 
ҳֿĶ˵ܰ㲻Ҫҵİ𣿡 
һЦߣҰ֮ĹϵСҶ˱ 
ûҲûҪȲ裬ǾĬ˴ͬĵְ㴧ĦԷͼ 
ûϦߣȻĺƤԷ 
 ˼磬ϦܲˣҺ֣ 
 Ǻϰ塣˼΢Цش۾ȴһֱҡ 
ҵͷԲˣ 
 ǲϵ̫ܲˣ˼ҪԵ㣡ϦΪвˡ 
˼ʲ᣿ 
ϦĻܲȴԽԽԲζѵҰߣĳŵѵΪٴγǰƣ 
 ˼ơ𣿡Ϧε۹ 
Ӳơͨ˵ϣȵľһļ۸͹10ơơϦ˵ 
 Ȼȣ𣿡 
 ̫ˣϦ˵ȥơƣֻһ˺ȶû˼θãֲܺȡ 
˼ûд𻰡 
ͷµĳͻȻҵθǾ𣿡ͬͷ硣 
Ҷ뽩סˣθ·Ҳܸܵ˼ִů 
Ȼ㹻ʹҲͬϦһȾƵġңʼҲû˵Բǲǣ 
Ϧʱ˼ѾʲҲûзһ 
Ƿ·һʣ˵һ̫װ˲֪˶پƣˡ 
 ҪٺˣҼˡ˼ߣԽԽ 
 ãˣҲԱˡϦվ磬ȻѧУˣ˼ 
 ߡ˼һαһЦ 
 ϦȵȡסͳǮݸҪﳵˣȥ 
Ϧˣת˼ 
 㻹СӡȻװѺģ̱ 
 ǰסһΪر˰Եζ 
 ûȥˡ 
 ҽˣͲˡȻϣֿʼˣ 
 ˼Ǻú̸̸ɫ˵ 
 ãСú̸̸¶ɫĿ⡣ 
 ҡϣԶҪٳҵ 
װıʧˣٶ¶Ұް׶񣬡ٴγҵ 
 ˵ֻȥ 
 Ĵ˹ңֿʼ˺ҵ·һľҲƽ㣬Ҫ㣬ĿҪ裡˵ҵҵࡣ 
 ſңȻϵ࣬ 
 ˼Һ㣡ҺңҲԸⱻǿҺײŶ㿪Ĵе 
ͣס֣ΪҪҡ 
 Ϊͨң˭֪ȴ˵ҪͷϣƯ˫û˱壬ֻǳ˵Ŀҡ 
ҵȻһ 
 ҵʱĸһӾͱȫˡϣҶ૵ҺѹѹĴ 
ûǺˣһ˯ȥ 
ƿվҶʰϵʣˣв֪ʲζӦúʱʹӽҲݲģĥҵ¡ǲĺܼ׾ʹͬӺԼˣҲܿգԼǴ޾鷳֪ˣƫƫµͷ˳ȥ 
һǴӴ±ӸϡʰϵƣڴȻ˯ĺӣ˯˰ꡣ 
˿еŮ¹¸Ȼʲʺϣ΢գͻȻҪǵжʱһæתȥ 
ǧҪԻҺײŻֲָұۣȴ˯⽫Ҵʵ 
˼ûдҵʧֿʼҼҲ䷹ҺܿסϦҪõѡȴ޷ΪֿʼݵвҡҸо˵ѭУֻҪЮҵ˱Ϧ 
ҿ˼ûٶֶţʱҶǾ˵ȴԽԽˣҪҵߣҼܾˣҪٵôҾͰɨسţ¸ɴϦǿȻʶûټ֡ 
ûңȴԽԽϰСһҪұһȥҿЦ޷ܾǲ׼ҵĺƢԶˣһҪҽȻû˵ڣȻΣȴܣܱٴ谲ȫĶࡣ 
һ굽һҸȴƫƫϲñ˿ҪЦ 
 ҵɡҸͷ˵ 
һַһʲҲû˵ 
˿һ߶ˣʵֻҪģʲ̬˼롣һǴҶãҲúˣҲӵĸ顣 
ӾȻܹƽĹȥ˼ʵѾܹϰĴˣ͵һϦһĵܵܣ֮йĹϵϾ˲ڳжȹҪǰġ 
޷ҵʹĥ裬ȻҲͬҵĵᣬҴӺس¼Ӱ˿ʱ˵ı飬Ϊ޷ӦǶеǸΡҵĲҲһΣڲǡʱչ͹ģʹȱЩٰͬĲңȡࡣ 
һ죬ͻȻӵϦѵĵ绰 
 ϴ磬ü첻ˣǵҲԴ绰㣬㿴죿绰дǵ 
 𼱣˵Ҵһ 
 һǰһҪõǮǷ˸Ҹ߹㲻ҪƫƫԼĴȫˡ 
 ǰ㣬˵ǮȻҪӵι㡣˵ȥ취ʶһպĴ磬˵϶æġҽҪȥûˡ绰еԵĿǻ 
еĵ绰ҪϦϦΪʲ᲻ҵĻỹ˵Ķ߰ 
Ҿο䣬ϵ绰µҸ죿ѵҪײѵԨϴκ׼˽˿κǵµıȻǲ⵶塣 
ò׿ʼƽֻ˵ľˣ 
ҴӲ˿һУѵһε߰ڲҵԶӲ˵У 






22 

ҲȥȻ־Ϧ¡Ҹ죿Ҹ죿ҲͣԼȴʲ취Ҳ벻˹ؼʱ̣һҲûС 
ͻȻ𣬰ҴоѣͻȻ뵽ҲϦƽˣ 
æũվ΢Цȴ˼ҺܾɥȻʱһ 
˼һԾȳϦ 
 ԼҲ֪Ͳ̸֪еϷգ⻹ҵһ 
 ܳԾǼ¶˵΢ЦСһҺøˣ 
ȷǷĵĸˣҲЩǸΣʵҳԼЩɣΪ˾ϦҲ˲ˡ 
 ϦˣںܿںҾȾҿԭί˵һ顣 
ұΪһڴӦֻǿңʲҲû˵ϵĸѾȥʲᡣ 
 㣬ȥȾһֱ㵱翴ץס˫ۣΪ̬ȵʵ 
 ãҿԡҰ죬춿ڴӦ 
һϲлл㣡ҽסؼʱǿסġ˼ȴûΪҵһˣƿң˵ʲ˼Ŀ⿴ҡ 
 Ҳ޷֤һܾҺͰֻѣûзӶԷ񡣺οԴϴ֮֮һֱѷ졣侲Ķ˵˳ȥ 
ҽĵһڷȥһ¿ʱַĹȥԽԽǲ˼ǲѾҵˣҲڸ̸У˼˵𣿺ϦҲ˼ѾȳϦڻ·ϣΪʲᵽʲϢûأ 
绰ͻȻ𣬰ˣ˹ȥͲ˼ҵϦ𣿡 
 ܿϧûҵɭɭͲд 
Ҷʱסˡ 
 ˸ϢѾȥԶĵطˣһʱز͸ԵԹޣͬҸĶˣָоҺ¡ 
 죬ǳúΣ 
 ڡҺòײſס 
ҰպķԸһҾưɣŴִϳһ·ϣĿ־ͲԽԽҲԽԽ˼Ǵû뵽һɾ˼ܾϴջ˺ܾʱͷԾޱȣˣıƣ˼ǵв 
ǰһƬиоԼ¥һ䡣 
 𶯣˷ժ֣Сû 
˵˳ȥ 
 
Ȼҿֱ䷿ҽŵס˺ȫļ⣬߲֪ʱͻȻϮ 
ﰲˣֻԼԽԽŵĺ 
һָӹҵ촽׼һǾһˣȻȴǡÿһʵů 
 컹Ѿ֮ǰѸסҵ 
ͣȻȴͣ 
ȵҵĶᡣеĵط˺ҶԲµһᷢʲᣬݿʼ 
ͻȻһʹϮҧĺúݣҿҲѾѪ 
ʼ˱ҵ˿ڣҿоŵ඼ˡ 
ҵҳЩ΢ζԼѪȻȻ㣬ִҵ֮࣬˿ڣЩ˿ھͳѪԴ 
춼̱ժҵ֡Ӧ˺һ¿嶫 
⿴һ鷿Ѿедᣬ΢Цңϵݾͬǰһģһ 
 Ϧһ˵͸еͷۡ 
 ǸСԼ˵ҪѻǮǡǱʿ˷ŵģҾʹӦѻծ 
 ɣֻǸӣʲҲ֪ûãɻ̲ס 
 ȷֻǸӣǸҳӢ۾ҪиҪȻ໤ܷ 
Ȼ˵ˡ 
 ӦŹҵģ㲻ܲŵԣϦʵڲԸٻصǰ 
 ŵԵġҪסҲûǿԼԸҡɫҿԸ㣬²ҿµ壬ֻԼƫƫҪײҲԼù̯ͷԼ򵥵ı 
ϦǱֻǺҵһ̫űˣԼ߹·صޣҾܺһʹࡣ 
ûд𻰣־һ˵ʲ᣿㲻Ҫƾ㴦þǡ 
ߵǰȥԼ 
ЦˣȴԽЦԽ̡ 
 ƭңǵװ޹ϸȴִյһǾȥһ𲻾 
ϵĶһɨѹϡұվƣϰȴѹϡӲĻȾ͵Ѩڴ 
ȻһͦңҵѾϰֽ룬ͥ˺ѵ׼ʹǲҽгҸоͥӿǺڣǱȻѪˡ 
ʱ޿̲ӱΣ춻ǱʵޣЦҵԶɱ 
 Ϊһϣ㣿һвͣңҲԼֳģ 
û˵ԼĸоٶľֻⳡЩȥȻ׷ŹңͷŹüԲܽޣǲͣĴ͸ҵ壬ҧֲг 
ɡҲֻһжѡ 
 
 ˭ͷʣͬʱȻһ 
 үȥ˱˵үͷүһ 
 ֪ˡЦ죬ҲûסˡȻûмͷΨ쵰Ȼϰ֣̰㻹Ҳ㡣Ϊʲ̣˵ҶŮܣеĲУ 
 жܿ졣죬ʱ䲻ˣǺúϧʱ̰ɣ 
ԽԽҵĽÿһν붼ڣ·Ҫҳ״͸۵̲ס 
 ԣУ˵Ҽס͹һˡ 
ҾѾ׷ˡ 
һͷʱѾҲվסȴΪι̶϶޷¡ûзſңȴҲûٽҽ˻ԡ 
ȻβһʹȴȻѹƤսζ۵˫ָ׶ΪȻᴩ޷ 
 ſңĽ 
 죡˼ 
 쿪ţΨҲ⣬Ŵ򿪣 
Ŵݲȵķſң˳ȥ 
ȻԸñ˿ԼɳܵģȴһҲû· 
 죡㡭˼ұ۵Ѿͷ亹ҵӺö 
 쵰ң嵽ǰһȭ򺫾ûжʵʵİһȭ̵ڵϣЦ 
 ѾȥСˣҲúÿ⸱ӣ 
 ˼˵Ҵ·죡ҲԸϦԼҵӣѾ˳ 
˼Ҵ·վ 
Ϧ˽Щףûʲᡣһ 
 磬ˣһҾʹҲµĳԼжǱ 
 ûʲᣬֻˤһӡҶǿЦЦ 
 磬㲻˵ΪʲƭңϦֳ 
 Ϧ˵ˣߣҼֹỹ庫Ķݣ 
 ֻܹԼУһĸ磡˵ 
 ѺŪģҸƴˣ 
Ϧ˵ͷǼ˵֣Ҫ򺫾ȥ 
 ž 
ϦŵһƵҡ 
 ΪʲᵽڻҵĻˮҲֹס¡Ϧ컹뿪𣿺Ҫɱ㣬˼Ҳסٳ£ܵһȫ׷ˣ 
Ϧ춰һҲʧȥе 
۾Լſڴϣеҵĳ㣬ҾµĶ 
𶯣Ҹҩ˼񰲶 
ԼѾ˼عԢϦҵǸûиֻͣǸҳ£ͲҪҺ 
һָҵڣʼڱͿĨҩ࣬˵Ĳλʱͥ۵һ鴤ҽסΪʹȻȴ˵ģʮֲ˼˼ᡣ 
Ҹеָͣһ£̶ֿʼƶŬƲԼٷ˶Ȼʹ޷ԤϮҵԽԽܡ 
˼ָҲԽԽ󵥴Ϳҩһһҵڱѹ·ҵ 
 ˡһײſס͵Ͽϵó㡣 
ʹ 
 ſ£˼ң㱻֣˿ڻûͿҩ 
 ʲᣡҲʱȷʵеαʲȵĶ̹ 
 ޳ܵСˣ˼һ߷߷ߵ˵һ߸ҩҾȼˣղﱻҩҲûиеѿ 
 ֺᣡᰴһҵ˿ڣ۵Ľ˳ 
  
֪ӡʲ֣ı̬ѵΪҴıǣҵȷе裬ֻΪ޷ֹӡ֣ţӡһң˵ΪҷߺޣҾԸһӡǡҶͷϴ֣ҲԼ 
 ϦأͻȻȻ˼ڶѲͷҲϦεһĻ 
 ȥЩƷ׳պ㣬㻹˼һϦͱĺܲ졣 
 ⲻܹϦйŭ˲ʹæסСĳֻǱȽϵǸӡ 
 Ϊʲϵ˼ֿʼ˵ 
 ֺ˵ʲᣡϦҵ׵ܵһҪˡ 
 أֿʼҲҪĪĳԴףҵƫġ 
 ãҲǣҲǺõܵܡ 
 ˭Ҫܵܣ˼ͻȻŭͬǰ˵ϡ 
 ҪԶѹǸˣ 
˵͵İҸڴϵͬҧӶҵĴҲصĿʼ¶帧 
ͷԼֱҳһ飬ˣˣ˼һӴӹɵСֱҪ̵ҵҰޣ 
 𡭡ס֣һҰͷ㿪ļһ߲ͣ赲ĸ˿ڣ۵ĵһ˫ü 
˼ҵʹֻ֣࣬ͣȻѹϣ 
 С廹ˣȺټͷҵıϣͣȥ·ԲҲҪҵζȫȥ 
 ʲֺ£˵ðҵ㲻Ҳͬˣ 
 СɵЦˣʲҲ˵Ϊɾ裬òײŹԹұٰС˾Ͳˡ 
ҼֱĿɿڴԭǵصصı̬ЩʵڽαװȻ101ε˵ 
Ϊ׷ҵִתõ˿Ѹٵ͹ȣνųѣ뻢ѨֻײǶ̹ġ 
˼еҵԽԽЦοң£ϲ㣬֪ǳᱻǿѾʹ࣬Ҿһ㡣 
 Ҳǿ㣬ֻҪߣԸȣûޣֱĸԸҡҾǡ 
Ҿ󷢶촽һ仰Ҳ˵ 
ʱһֱ㿪˼Դ˵ȻĴаᣬԽԽԵĽ꣬ҵҲԽԽҵսľ·ȲĽһ̵ 
ҺԼԼ޴͸ȻٴңѾ򷢲Ҿ͵͵ҡ 
ʰͻȻˡ 
 ˿ڻ𣿡 
 ˵ߣȻ˵ҲǿңΪĻûп֮ 
 ҴһֺҩͿϣֺܿͻʧġ 
 ˡѾȫ˵ǰˡ 
 ʲᣬ˵ǿ㡣Щ 
 Ĳˡ 
ͻȻץסҵ֣ǿаңҵĳڿ㶼 
ַֺ£Ȼһһĵд˿ڴָᰴĦҽֹͣľ˼еЩҽʡ 
  
ڴлΣ˿ֿʼʹϤĽζֳڡ 
 ˼ʲᣡҾˡ 
סңܲ˿Ǹ֣԰Լӡ档һ£Ͼ͹ȥˡ 
 ҹ 
ĵʹҲ̲סͬСһҼֱҪˣһ߿һߴϿӣ·Ħ˿ԽԽۡ 
˼ΪʲҪ˺ңʹϲңѵһҪּ˵ 
ûз𣬹ң˫ͬǯһι̣Ҳ 
 ˼ϹҺ㣡 
 㵽ǲܽеĻǲܽң 
 ǣҲ̬Ǹ˰Ҵ޺Ϊܱܽѹ𣡡 
 ҹ㣬ԶҲҪټ㣡 
ҽ쳹ʧˡ̫ˣ˼㵽ǲˣĥŸ𣿣 
ĬĬſң˵Ŀңϲ𣿡 
Ҷ챻Ʒˣ㻹ң 
 ˼㿴Լеģеģ㶮ϲ㣿 
Ҳ֪ʲʱ뿪ģԼһֱڵϣˮֹסĻ䡣 
ǳ͸ģ±ʱҲû˺뺦¡ 
˼ٶʧҵС 
Ϧ˼Ϊʲ᲻ˣֶֺ£Ӧȥ̫Һˣ붼Ը֡ 
ۿϹҪˣ꣬Ǿκνϵ˼ԶʧҵС 


23 

ʥڿ쵽ˣڳվȳʱڱͤ￴˼Ϊҵܿ΢ЦңȻһĻɫӳĳŵʡǱ־˺þãԼҲ֪ЩʲᡣɫҴҵǴߴȴ͵ʱ֮Ĺȥ·Ѿϸ͵¡ 
 Ҫ𣿡 
 ֻǿһæСҡҡͷת뿪 
Ѿӵƽ˼Ȼʱʱҹ˯ʱʱҲҳĸָȴûʧ΢Цŭ̵ˣ˵һ 
ʱȥԽԽԼĸϾд˰꣬ҲйܵݵĹϵȻ֪Լģʱܹװףһ᲻᲻Ľ飬սΥĸ飬ԼҲҶԡգһǱһηΪŵҺļƫĸ飬Լ 
ҵ˺Ѿ̰ˣ˼µĺۼȴȻұǿӡʱʹޱȣֹΪ˺ΪҸܹ˺ָһ˵ϲңȴңң˺˾ڿ˵ϲҵˡ 
ʹҵжٳ֣ףӰҲ᳤ڸңֱʹʧһ졣 
128գϦգһһ̳ںüǰҪˡ 
òڵϦԵø˧̫ˡ˼ͷҴ˵Ͽϲ 
 ûϵҵʱҲԴȥ˷ѵġ΢Ц˵Ҳҵһ· 
 磬Һϲ㣡 
Ϧһ§סңһ¡һе񾭶ʼ 
ϦǧҪҲʲֵѾҲִ 
 ĸϦ§ҹЦ 
 ҳµС 
Ҳ˿ЦԼ̫ˣȥľȻҶϦɣһֱĺӰ 
ֵãרСЦ 
 ԰ֵܣжῴû˻ɹ˼ߴĹãıЩˡ 
 ڲԹϦѧУˣҶһ˻ؼҡ 
졣һϤᴫ 
 վڹԢ¥ǰסˣͷ΢Ц˼ 
þòȻͬһѴк 
ǣþòҵȴӲͬʯͷ 
㻹𣿡 
ܺãллʲ᣿ 
Ҹպ·㣬˵˵ɣ˼ʲʱں򲻴ң 
 ԥ˵ 
㣬칫˾Ὺһдᣬμ𣿡ƽ˵ 
Ҳȥ 
𣿡ûЦƵ˵컹Ƕз֮İ㻹ǲܽ𣿡 
 ҡҡͷ 
ûϵ֪Ǹˣ̫ɣ鷳ˡǳ˲٣˵Ѿȫˡ 
ȥѡ·𣿡Ц˵ֳˣдûкʴ· 
һС 
һᵢ̫áԳı飬ܾѾץסҵ 
 ̾Ϳʼ֣¶˵飬ֻ˵һ͵ǸͨѣҲ𣿡 
Ư۾Ŀⴿº͵ͬӤĿԺܾһǵ˵ͷȥ·ѣȺǰҲʲᡣ 
ڳһ·˵̸⣬Ὺʽ̸ȫû˵һ䲻ĻҵһһֱѵĸоаȫУȻ־İѾΪһֱεֹϵˣﲢȫϲЩѹҲʹ˼ԼʵһԶζûʧȥ 
ⲻǰϦһĵطԭ˼Ҳ·һΪǶܾǰľЩѵΪϵĹϵ 
ţҲŷΪʲоֵֹģټ̳ȻƻͨҲȴǣһҲûС 
˼ҵɻЦ˵ҲϵĲҵѡ·ʱ峡 
ųڵĿĬĬ룬治ǺӳĴү 
˵ݣСʱһһ̣̳ûκˣȫԼ磬棬оȴ̫Ϊ춿տͼžԵЩͿֲ 
¥ϣ˼ЦȥѡվڰոͬϦһĵطͬ£ȴѾ˼һʵ 
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 áҲûпõʲʽǿܵĪĲԽԽǿҡ 
 С̫˰ǲΪǰվҶǰСӣ 
Ҽ𾪣̧ͷ 
˼һ·ԽԽϵЦȫʧȡֳҺµ 
㡭ʲ˼ 
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ޱƭ˵ϲˣȴڴ֮ͥºΣҵʱ¥޲õɱǣ 
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㻹ƭңҿۿģ 
 ץҵͷϻڹĵݣקҲͣߣ¥ݵĥҵıͷƤҲۣȴͬСӷĹ꣬Ҳ޷վ 
 ұϻصר꣬һƬʹ 
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㻹װʲڼԭǮǸСˣ·㵹Ǻܴ󷽣סƷӸҿ˼ԽԽ 
ҷֵס·ӵվžֱֱӱ¼ܳ鵽԰ԱһŹ·ͬƵϣֱѹڵء 
Ѿ˼۸񰺹˼Ұ棬˺ҵ· 
 ҸϦǡҽк 
ͷĴ㻹ҽǸ֣㻹ƭңҵ׳ˣ֪˶£ҵѾɻʹΪľҲ˵廹ǽ߾ȫҲҪһαǿҽҲ裡 
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еŭ˶ȼգȴɿվҸҪȴͻȻͳһǣĵطհ 
ѾԼɱӴҡ۵ڵϷܣʵƤȴͬϮĻҲûСһסԼͷȻȻ鵽ƤӶͷ£ҵۣǰһƬʲҲˡҲҽͣڵϷȴǶı޴򣬶Ϊ۾ܵľʹ 
ȻͣңҲ֪˶£ҲûУͬ˰ 
ס֣ҵĳڿ㣬ڵϣȱֿ̧࣬ͦҡαǿѾȫоκʹֻڳ鶯ĦʹصĴϢܲľȤӣ͵Ľ巭ȷʵûκθоʹѼеƤϡ 
һϳ鶯һ߸ӡֵĵطƺܵԼƷҾܼ߳ˣΪԼ£ֻ¶ǿһΪǰĵطʹһҲûУȻо۾ҡ 
˼ֹͣ˶ıҡԶÿαǷ·οĶұᣬҾ͸һ򵥡 
 ϲˣֻϲҡӴҲ뿪ңҵģҾٷ㣡 
ͬġ 
۾Ȼ۵ģģѾܿ 
ϤֺİˣӦ˼Ϊ׼ĹԢ 
 үȥ¡ɩ洫 
 һΪԼҲԸ⣬ԭ㡭 
ɩ̾˿үݣ㿴ʲˣ 
 Ȼع˾˸Ҵ绰˼˺þòŴȻǹŵ 
컨壬֪˶ãһֱɩ 
 ˡ 
һ仰Ҳû˵컨塣̾˿ 
 һֱֻ̱뾡ߡΪүҲƫƫץסһԼ˲š 
֪ǱǿȵˣϧѾںҵĿˣںκ˶ҵĿ 
ľˣȴǰδе 
 ԼҲûΣΪһˣ̫ԲŻү۸ȥụ˶Է 
޶ԣȥ绰үˣһ˵˳ȥ 
ᾫ˼ң˼ҵͼҲǧټƵҪⲻ÷£ȴһֱֻΪǵǳ׵ĻԶһѪһеһжΪҵŻý³˼ѾңңҲԽԽıԵ 
һвټˣȥһн޾ͷ˼Ѿ׼Ҫһһңʶ֮Ҳסչ߷ɵģǻڶԿܾˣ˴õ˺ۡ 
ãܶϷҵǮɩ·ʱͳģ̫ˣûǮҲȥˡҰװãŲɩš 
ѽƻ裬ûи⳵һʿҴİһվ³һΣסһ⳵˾ȵĿн³ȥվ֣ͱ۾ 
СֶζԸ˼Ҳǰ׷ʵںҲʹӶ޷ϸ˼ˣӵɡ 
˳ҿʼԥǲǲֱӶ˾˵վξͶһҡ׷ծ벻Ҫκ˼ҡ 
ϣǺǵЦˣҲҲӱĲᡣģȻҲͻţҲ߱˵ġҰڰ֣ˡ 
һЩվһͨδ˵յĳƱϻ𳵡𳵻һһֱҰĲų׷ɣ!!ײ˯ȥ 


24 

ùݵĴϣȥһĻһĻͣǰһҹԴСһٶʧߡҲ֪˼ֻʲֶζԸҡǮƣҲûп֧ҵˣ˼Ǿͬϵ⡣ҺһѾͨ˺ܶ࣬Ҳıܶ࣬Ҳ衣һܻСΪ˼֪ĴڣҲףҪٻصֻǳ롣 
ϻаʮԪǮάֲ˶֧ǵڶһҾͿʼҹ 
ҲȥҵӦƸֻһڳС򹤡û뵽һҲҵϰ廹ûüڣѾָң 
 㣬㣬㣡Ҫץˣ߰סңһ绰֪Ҫʲˡ 
 ιץڵҪҵˣԣǸʲġȷʵ100𣿡 
ЩұץˣȴʮֺЦ֪ԷĴѵǻÿҲϳҵ100Ԫϼʹٲƴ֣Ҳ󷽰ɣ 
 ʲ᣿ 
ɤͻȻһ˰˶ȣ·һ 
 ѾץˣⲻܣվǰƬһģһ 
ϸңֱ׳ĳ绰𵽡 
 Ѿ͵ˣȷ 
 ãټ 
ȫˣɥĹ˵绰100ʧŭתɷĿң⵰ӳȥ 
ұƵ⣬·΢ЦʼѰһط 
ѰµЧǳãһ·϶˲ͣɻңȥӦƸĵطϳңݳͬɾϲʧһĻҸɴһָ˵ף㲻ǡת뿪ûлģҲе˶¡ 
Ȼߵ磬һûҵһҿԹӶҵĵطּֿʣһҳЩˮſƸԱ£һԡ 
ǸװĶ̴ֵˣûһһҾ¶Ծı顣 
 ʲ֣ 
 Ϻ졣 
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 Һо顣 
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æϿҵ˵ûϵҶнˮߵûʲ⡣ 
ǣ춵õ˻صĵһݹǰԱľ飬֪ʵ˿Ҳнˮڲ⣬ֻҪлþ㹻ˡ 
ڶ죬ҾͿʼϰࡣǰæµ·ֻصʱеʵϢʱģ֪ԭֻƱϢΪӽĿֻ˷ʱͽǮȻЩͬ¿Ҳ¶ı飬Ȼ־һڱͨ˲ܴҡڵĳ򹤣ΪҿֻòһˣΪ100Ҳ˽´绰ȥϣõͬ񶨵Ĵ𸴡 
ϣһصùݣڴϳзо֮׵ƽɣ˼ضٴƻ飬һǾԼҸġ 
æһ磬ĩ˿رࡣ۶͵ͶҲ⣬ߵǰúøɣһʵʱǸнģӦӱ˶ֻǿͷ˵˵ 
 ƾ绰 
̨ߺӵ绰СԵúܽţסͲԶ³ģ 
İֵľжͻȻͬһݣವһӾʹ̨ܵǰɿͲ 
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ͷһۣһѵ 
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ȫˣĬĬժͷϵñӡ 
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С۾ЩյĶңƺΪղδͷͨԼֶǨŭҡ 
΢ЦܿϧǰϺҲ۸ 
 һнˮƽ˵ 
 ֪Ƕ³ΪʲҪ𣿡 
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ԹԵİнˮңʮֹİ͵ſڡ 
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ϵɫҲѻָףʮֺЦλ³ƻ֪һ̣˭˼ķԸأҸҿ϶˼йأһҲǸΡ 
뿪ֻһһĳУĵ·ϣͻȻЦȤҵһʹɣԼ治ɫ˵ѣԭҲỵ 
ȻȻЦﲢϲеһ󱯷ߡ˼ΪʲỹҪңѵңһ·Ҳ𣿣 
ΪһҪҹȻÿҵܿͻᱻ֪ͨ뿪ЩĵغõĹͬĿңǲǵʲˣֻܱǸĶǵĹЦЦ 
һݹһҺСˮϰϰԼģһӦòʲѹ˰ɣᣬ绰ǴˣϰŮ˵˾Ҫ뱣סͱϴ¹͵ⷼơҿϰ屧ǸĿ⣬Ǻܹⲻȥһθ˴鷳 
ϵǮѾάֲ˼죬ΪĹҲͶˣ˼İЧԽԽߣԼ˼ֻ˰첻ùǮ⼸ݹǰ׳ȴûõһǮ 
Ҹ죿ѵٴ˼һп湻ҵԴ׶ϾҲ뱻ֻͷġ 
᣿ 
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ҶԼպšȻһ粻ȥ˺üʮ룬ܶ˻˵ζܺãԡʮָˣΪõҵϿɣ˻ͷͣΪԼ춲ٱ˼ƣԼϰ壬ʹʲвֶΣ 
ȻҲûܸ˶á 
ͷ⽣ͻȻоղԣ̧ͷһһȺӵСڵվ̯ǰﲻɵÿһ 
 Сӣ˭̯ģΪ׵һָң֪֪ӵĵ̣ 
ΪձѵĵͷߣæͳǮ 
 Ǯ͸ 
 ˭ҪǮ 
ݺݵİһֻˤϣǲ̯ 
⽵Ĺ˿Ϳ鲻ߵˡ 
֪ܸӲֻʰ̯ӣȥ𴦰ڡ 
 𶯣ЩߣͷԼ 
춿ʼˣǲǼµå 
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 Сӣ㵹ϴϴ󣬻ʣҸ㣬Ҳ̯һ˻һ 
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һ֣Щ˾ͳʼùҴҳȥֹȴסʮ˵ĹһˤϣҲɢ 
ۿ·ҲҪʧȥʵ޿̣ߵĴףҨȵȥ 
 ϣǱ̵һƬҽС 
 СӣˮӣҺݺݵĴ򣡡 
ΧסңȻҲ׷屾Ͳǿ׳ֱʮΧܿм֮ҲûУڵأϲ֪˶ȭͷ͹ֻܻסͷڵϡ 
ͻȻɲ𩤩 
 ģЩ쵰˭Ǵģ 
ϤŭžİȻûдϡ 
 үԲ𣡿ˮǡ 
 Ҷ죡 
İ𣬺ŭĺǣǲ׼ 
ңе˵죬û°ɣ 
㲻𣿺αؼʣ˰Һĸҡοһв˼ָʹ 
ƿǰȥ߿ûҡ 
̯ѾûˣϵǮסùҲˣ˵ĵطҲԽԽۣ·ߣƺʲʱҲ·߹һĻ·еĳغ 
Ҳʼۣز׾ˡ 
죿Ҳûд㡣˼춰ұƵĵزˣȻҾͻ˳ȥ˰ɣ 
ϧҺҲûҲȥһֱվεҪ˭Ӯҡ 
˺þãһعϲ֪ʲʱ˼öӲҡʱְѼӲҺֽҷŵǰĿдͬ顣 
ԭǰҵؤˡ 
ûо裬ܸˣҲǲİ취ҰѵϵֻֽӲǰֵı־עǣʼµġ 
ϣҾ˯·ߣűֽ̳ɴ̡Һ죬Ӷҧõܶ춶죿Ǿ͵ȶ˵ɡ 
ֵӾʼˡ˺ü죬ԽԽϰÿõǮ㹻ʳˣҿԾͳԣ˯˯ɿ 
Щ죬Ѿע⵽һһֱͣҲԶĵطǿ֣Ҳ֪˼ǺˣȻȻҵˡȫԵڵĳ΢Цϣ·ɳ̲ɹ̫ 
 Ϻ 
ۡ 
һ߼γͣ·ߣǰվһλʮ۾ˣʮţͷ΢Цҡ 
 ȥ 
ֱ۾ôȴֲһ䣺 
 ˼ 


25 

Ҳ֪ԼΪʲϳʵЩ꣬ѾزʹܶŪףһҲ޷ءǣƫƫһ,ĵִǿң޷ܴʶȹһ 
İ칫ңҵһּ߰׵ͷѾȫףϵҲ˲٣ȴȻǺͰģ 
ڰ칫ңĿƽĲһ˿ƺŸոոҼ档ҵȴ޷ƽѾ࣬ȻΪ׵ĳߣɻίѹһӿͷ 
 ɡҵͷɳϡʸһʱ֮ȴ֪ôӺ 
ȴżɽ˵֪ʣЩҲꡣԾܰǶ˵һһһΪ𡣡 
Ƭ̣˼˵ֲ׵¡ 
 Һ˼ 
ߣһ˵Щѿ¡ 
 ˼£Ҷ֪֮ĹϵȻƽ˵ 
Ҳŵ 
 ʵ˼һʱҺ֪ܿˡ˼עˣһֱҰŵ˱᲻֪ 

бػȫҩȻ֪ΪʲỹҪƭ˼ߣѵΪ˸һ߽ơ 
һҲһʼԼ͵塣 
 Ϊʲѧѵ֪˼С 
ü죬㲻ҪᣬΪѧΪ˲߻ʲıһ׻ԸԼĶϲͬԣ 
 ˼ʱַ̫Ը̫Σաҵ߹·˺ˣֱĸףʹҵƽҿ쵽ʮ˼ΨһһӣҺ۰簮Ҳصҵĸޣ 
ҵʱȥܶҹ¶ԺҲϸÿѡߵԸҷֻʡһܰݱ˵ģ˺ˣԸºأ˼һкҲܷİϽ 
 ûѧȷ˽ģϣհѶҵĸм˼ϣʵֺѣԶ֧չ 
ǲΣʱҪȥΪƣ 
ʵ̲סıʡ 
 ˼ 
һҲûзϣҡ 
˩Ϊ˼Ȯȴû뵽ҵߡ 
 Щһֱ㣬ϴڳ׷ңʵ֪ġ 
ȻѲµл޷Ȼ 
 ҵʱҲԥҪͣ³˵ǻûм㡣 
 һʼ޷ѯ۾Ͼ˼Ĵ 
 ǴȰ£ڻԥ˺ܾãջûи˼˵ΪҵһοҸӣҲĶ˵ſ㡣룬Ҳֻǵʱ벻ͨϾҲԡһǸº͵ˣջ˼ġʵҲṆ̀ͬԣ˼ҸҲᷴǵĹϵ 
ȻǴΥ׳ҲܿĿ 
ԽԽߣΪ˼ҸͰԨ 
 û뵽濴ƽͣȴִһˡ֪Ҿѡ˼ߣͻȻ쳣 
 ˼ȻвԣЩ꿴ı仯ȫҵĳ෴ס˳嶯ãҿ 
е˵׹⣬ɱ֮ᣬģҵʱ㣬һɱ㣡 
 Ը㣬˼ͨΪ¿ͻ̲ס㡣 
ԭˣʵ˼ûƭҡ 
 죬ҳԼһ˽ĸףǣ˼Ҳ˼κˡָֻƽҲ⡣ 
 Һϲ㣬˼ϾҵӣΪʧȥǣͲҪҶˣҪ˵⿪Ľᣬص˼ߡ 
 ˼Ȼкܶȱ㣬ĺϲ㣬㣬ϧģҲΪͶһҲûУǱϾ 
û˵ȥȴˣգеԽԽǿҡҷߺ޵ҧ 
 ܸԸȥҲص˼ߣҾ֪ѾںԼİΣıԲ䣬̫ŲµˣҪ˵ǸϦҡ 
 Ҳ֪ǸСϵˣȻ˼֪ǸŮǽɣӦòǳ¡ 
оŵֳĲ̣ɪɪεˣ 
 ֪ܲƽʱ޷ֿġ 
 죬˲Ҫִ̫Ҳ֪ίûľ㣬ǣкܶΣû˶ԿͲҪǿԼ˶ֻ˺ 
 ʵӦøл˼ǹ˼ɵͲˡ 
º͵˵仰ԽԽǰ˼Ҵĵ׺¡ 
 ǷǵģҿԻǮǣ벻Ҫң 
Цҡҡͷҵ뷨̫档 
 ص˼߰ɣһúô㣬βʳԡ 
һ֣صĳŵЦڻ˭ 
 ҿ԰˼¸ý塣ߴˣҲѧв 
΢Ц㱣֤ûһұֽӸĻ 
ҵѾ 
ͻȻһײ˼˽ңһ⣬վҺ֮䣬ҵᣬ·ҡ 
 кʲ᣿ܲʡ 
΢΢ЦЦ˼ȥɡѾתˡ 
˼Ȼתץסң׻ǰϲʣ𣿺죬ϻ 
ûд𻰣ǰλ𾴵ˣ˵вĻʱƽȻѾȫǸ׵һŲ˼ʤļᶨȻ֮ģΪ˼ϧˣҲ⡣Ϧ𣬻кйϸ˶ӳơ 
Ժ˵б޷ļᶨһֱֻºͺƵһ棬ڲĲһļ᲻ɴݡ 
 ˼ȥúóԵ㶫㿴ݳʲˡҲҪϰ࣬úϢ졣 
˼˵ĴӦҪҵ֣˦ 
һصӣ̫ˣ˵ûֻҪץסĵˣҾܲҪķԸص˼ߡǣ˼ҾͻػͰֻҸӺѡһԼķʽܵҵĺޣʱڽٴסҡ 
ע죬תȥ 
 ˼ᴫúô죬˵֣һ뿪㣡 
˵ѱˣ廹ꡣ 
˼һҸ߼˸߲ҵĵˣҲ´ 
˼ûгԣͣĸ˵ֻһԲĴڳԲ˩ȷʵܶҲͱ죬ֻǾĿңҵͷҲԸܵ˵Ŀ⡣ 
Ա㣬òͽ죬վȥ 
 죡˼׷ҪȥһؼҰɣ 
ûһҺꡣſڵ߱סؤǸؤң˼˻ȥ 
 һ䵥˷ҶԴ̨С˵ 
 ԲСܺ˵û˵ǡǮ 
ҡҡͷλʡ 
 ԭû⡣̱ʮ顣 
 Ҫҵ׷ɣ˼Ŀ˵۵ľͲûҡβˡ 
 ǲ𣿷ҲҪ˯һŴϣ˷͹ˡҷ̵˵ɫ䣬ҲԳʮε顣 
 һ䵥˷ظ 
䣬ЬҲûѣһͷɵĴϡ 
 ˼ҪϾͿ㡣Ҳͷ˵ 
ûд𻰡 
 㲻ҿҪ˯ˡұ۾ 
 С죬ȥϴɣ㡭ࡣԥԥ˵ƺ 
ûлش𣬰ͷͷ賓ǼĴȷ·ˡ 
ԣҺܶûϴˣ죬Ȼ֪ԼҲܳϲңͲںԲԣ˼ 
ҺۣҲûۡ 
ѾõĽѾ⿪ȻΪʲøؿɬ 
ʱԼ˽§ڻѿعһ˼˯ǰ֮Ϣȵϡ 
һƯϸܵĽëƽȵĺ΢΢ͦıǻһ˿Ц⣬ʲΡԣԶΣߵǷҹҹʹൽߡ˭ҾͱһŮļǿΣҴļȥḧ⻬ֻ˯ʱҲŸҲܲǺҾͲΪһ˶ڡȻΪʲҵӣҵĻʹ 
ҲûϢڶͻصϰ࣬ٶȳΪ˼ͬÿ˶ĴкܾͬЦЦҲǷǳͿǰ컹ͨҡһ䣬ֳλȨ֮ˣ 
ÿȻŬĹ˼Ӱ칫ҳң˵һЩϻֻĬʹʮûȤüΣҶ߳ŭ⣬һΣѾϰԵľ֣ƽĿԽԽصĺƣ 
ԣɣװᣬ̲ס¶ײеĿֻҪ㶯֣ҲٹԹܣǾ˵ķʽһ£ʹձڵصĿ϶ңҲҪôҿܲ໥ֵĺϷ 
ȻûĿҲͣĿңͬί޴ӿߵĺӡ 
ҪĿ⿴ңʹ۾ƯٱҲٴݽȥһһһεıԻֱ˺Ѿġ 
 ַҺ𣿡Ȼоں 
ң¶ٵᣬ֪ж𣿡 
 ֪ĲϧҲҪץһͺݺݴңҲԸαıס 
 ֻûбİ취ʵҲ㣬˭֪ᵽԶĵطȥ 
 һ쿴ӣԼҲڳءұǸ 
ҲҵĲŵеǸˣ 
 ȴˡûֻǵġÿ춼ڵ֪һһڡһ¡¡¡һֱһꡣҵҲҲһ㲻춶飬룬ֻҪҾԭ㡭 
촽ԭң˼˵ĳڣұĥĿҪˣѵҪǸɣ 
 ʼûлֵһ¡¡¡ֱҲ̲ȥͻȻֿʼŭĴ󺰡 
 Ϊʲ᲻ҵĶˣ 
ĿҪӣģҡ 
ѹŭıĿƶˣ 
 ҼʱǺֱܴĴ㣬ԭҺ𣿸ҲҲٴ㣬Ҳˡ 
ҿллᶼңˣȥɡ 
ҵͷļ 
 С죬鰡ݵͬߡ 
ҵȻһ 
飿飿Ȥֻ˵̫Ϊ룬⻹ǵһ˵顣飬Ͳһδεı۸Ȼ㣬ͲεڸסıԣΪֻҪСӡ 
̧ͷݺݵĵҵɵЩǱܻ֪Ϊʲ 
û˵ʲᡣ 
ӾĶԿйȥһѾһˡһϣҸոҪ̤õſڣһԥԴ죿 
ҼֱԼĶ䣬תͷһĴ߳һȹŮԾҡ 
 𣡡ҸԾĽ 





26 

ڿȵУĴﷱĽֵ͹ĳˣԼĸ˺ɡ 
޷ɣ˼׵ҪЮлص 
 Ϊʲ 
 Ҳź£ְֳ뿴㣬˵ʹȫ˶㣬ҲԶվǱߡ¶ɬᶨ顣 
Ҹжˣ˵ûȫʼվߵֻ 
 ȵϴһ㱻ͽĸֻ߼û뵽ͻȻͿ㣡죬ˣûץԲԣҾ֪ġѾȫû˵ģ˸߲ҵ˵ 
 ǣҲֵĺ֭ӡ 
 ǣ𡭡 
Ҳ֪ѻѻ˵ԲһЩĳЩǰѾ治ɫ˵ѣʵ޷ȻƭŮ 
 Ȼ鷳Σա 
ѳ֭£۾ҡ 
 ʵҵĵˣϴұݺǸȻŻԸңϻȥΪһ֪ĴڣһҪЮңʱҾֻƾ׸Ŀ 
ͷԲ𣬺죬Ҳ֪鷳 
 ȫĴ㵣ˡ 
 ھͻȥɡ 
վ·ߣһֽмƳ̳ѹ˵һӱ˵䣬ἫˡûãǧңңȴһҪߣΪʲ 
 ȥϼƳ̳˾ǡ 
 ȥվͣס˩ȥ԰Ҽᶨ˵ 
ԾңҶ΢΢һЦ㲻һֱ뵽ܴ԰𣿽Ǿһȥʹ죡 
 ģ죡˵ĿҪȴ̽ ᲻鷳֪죿 
 ûϵҪǣʲ¶Ҫ룬ֻҪ߸˵ȥ档 
ѺһģһҪʵѾõ룬ķ籩ҲҪһ˳еΣա 
Ҫ˳죬ҲȥҲ鷳 
 ޣ㲻˵Լ𣿡ЦҲ˵һҪǿ 
ֳеĵط˷ܵĽȫ˸ղŵˣͣǡһһ߳裬ոӮӣֵĺаĺӡ 
ϣסֳľƵѾ۵˯ˣߣ˯ӡ֪ΪʲᣬͻȻ˼һҲε 
޷ߣһͻȥ˼ѾΪҵһʧٶףδԼҲûʮֵİաҪµģҾŭ꼰ҪٶȷҾֻС 
Һڻϣ;ӹķ羰ҷ·ֻصһǰọ́ʱʹʹȻĿڼСȻ˷ǣѲǵҡҿļǿıҡ 
ǵһһͬȥͻסҪǮֻùȥȴץȥۿ߳ŭļΧסĳȥǴ˶ˣЩҲûռˣȴˡ 
 Ϻ죬û뵽Ҳʱң˵Ц ֻб֮ԿЦ֮ǰһֱҵСų֮ǲŽΪѣֱ 
ɿڣۿ϶ֱ֣бһڵ㣬ŷȥس̵Ļ𳵡 
֪Ѿ޷⣬ȴޱ̹Ȼ򶨡Ȼ»𳵣ԶǸϤӰʱǲɵóһ 
Ȼҵң 
˼վԭŹֵ飬ʱ׼Ӧս 
 ߰ɡȴֻ˵һ䣬סҵֱۡ 
ڳϣǶû˵ΪͣԽԽƣ룬˯Ϯ֪ʲʱȻڱ˯ˡ 
ҽѣҲŷﲢϴſڣֻصֳ 
ͷƤһ飬˼ƽɫѵҪһǰĻҪͬ˴ĵطݺݴң 
ҵָ֣ҵָۣҽֳȺǣ;עӡμˣԼѾСˣȴһͬͬ°㿴ܵĹ԰龰ضǳ֡ 
˦˼֣ȴԽԽȻһأһȥ橤˵̫ЦҸ˼һ棿ëȻҽ֣ȥ˳ͬһ˳שһֱ˼ҡ 
һ仰Ҳû˵ֻԹַۣĥҵʱŻձ 
վͶҵߵĲǰһӲҽңνĽӹȨԼ治ͺˡҰӲҶͶˣȴʲҲû𵽡׼ҵһطȥһӲֵݵǰ 
̲ס˵Լȥ԰ɣˡ 
۾ңҪҵ𵽣ǸָУҪ͸ҡ 
˳ָǸͬһģһӣֿ˵ȴʲҲ˵в֪ǸЦǸÿ  
ִĿҡ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲûоܾȻʹԣ˶Χ׳ղͣͶҵǸ۵ʱ춵ˡǸץͬõһġ 
ǣӦȻҲԸ𣬵ȻڸղʱʲӡйһҶ޷ǣһδεҪĨȥµĺۼʵ̫̫ 
ɽӲȥ 
ǺХķͲͣļҸеߵ˼ҵԽԽ˫۽촽ҲЩס 
ʱɫѾʮѿҿŻµӣֱЦһԭ˼һҲкµʱ 
ȻûҽסЦѾ۵һ˳Աߵ˷׷׶Ůϻ͵Цؾĸ߸ߵ˧ȻẦɽ൱Ȥ 
ҿģʮǱͳֽ죬ȴͻȻڸʲ᣿ 
Ҫ֣˼Ѿסңܻ˵ߣҷһӿ 
һʮֶһ·һ仰Ҳû˵Ҳ̲סЦ˼ҵЦعͷݺݵңҾȻһҲûк£ԽЦԽҪЦˡҲҵһ˿ĵЦԴʶ֪Լ־ػЦʵٴβȡпֶΣҾЦͣҲͣ 
Ŀ⽥ͣʲҲû˵Ҳûж֣ߡ 
סƵʱ֪Ƶʱ˩ͬһסķ䩤˼Ҫˡ 
ȥϴ裬ɳϢȴŭȼԡǰĴʱѾ÷׼ 
˼ߴʹԡԵ൱Сƣԡ³¶׳޳ȣԼҲһδϽĻ棬Ȼ˽ȵĸоεתۿ𴦣Լɳܵ 
 С죬㻹ǵýʲ𣿡˼Ȼᣬֶܼأ 
ûлش 
 ҵաȻǵˡЩɥ 
ҿǸߵӣûд𻰡 
 ûϵҲ͸ˡץֻӣҿЩǿ΢Цɵøп֡㣬ֺأǾտҲ˵ 
 С죬ϴɡִͣԵһֱϵĸоֺ¡ȻѾǶۻĶηȻ޷ȫȥ 
߹Ҫңƿ֡ 
 װˣ˼ʲ˵ɡ 
 ҲѾ˵ϴַɫĵָҵ죬ƿվͻȻһϣңҽѹɳһµĵ壬ҸܵѾоǼӲȵڲ΢΢̧һƣһֱҵķ߷ߵŬƿȴɳʹղͻȻϮɳϣ֪ϸȫ 
ȵıϢٵϣ㡭Ҫ㡭Ǳÿһ˵ŵзҷζԽ˵Խ壬Խ˵Խ¶Ǻ޳ܡʹιйϵȻʵ߷ѵ 
 ۿҪҡ 
 Ѿϲˡ 
춰һֱ˵Ļ˵˳ 
˼ͣס˩ǳԾǻɽǰƬ򾲡 
 ǸŮģı黹¶˳ҿԡ 
 £ҲȥƽĶ˵ 
 ƭңϲңסҵ·ŭ 
 ˼ҪƤΪ˶ϲ㣬ǸˣϲҲȻŮˡΪйϵϲ㣬ϸһ룬һβǿң 
Խ˵ԽԼǿľͷԽԽߺޡ 
Ŀңϸ齻仯ŭ裬ѹԾ 
ƿԹΪûлعҲɵÿЦѵĺϲϲһǿĥҵˣοǺһԡ 
Ҿɵڴ˯ˣȻһҹ˯ȴȡҲͣΣμһСһ̸ֱЦĺܿġͻȻһ˰Ѵ򷭣ǵһ˫ֱסҰҾ 
 ȾҺͷȥȴ˼ſҷȴȻںкȡ 
 ȾҴȴǹѪȥ 
ƽǰǹ΢Ц죬úô˼ߡ 
ҾĳˮС 
ĥһϣȻ˼һģһҵϷעҡ 
ɫãƺһҹû˯Ҳֵʧˣֻ롣 
Ȼȴľ⣬ϵıҲҺĪҲǸΣȴûΪܾһҹŭ 
 ֪ϲңֻǲ˼ϡ 
ˣ⻰ƺǰҲ˵ƿȴ˵Ͻסң 
 ˵λһֱҵ֣нˡ 
ΣҸ飬עҵ˫ۣԽԽةѾԼʲ᣺ 
 𡭡 


27 

뱨˼õĻᣬӦö˵ҽеǱ˵֣㲻ҪˣȻῴϵıҸתΪ߳ŭٶȶҴ֣ҲҪ߰ĺݺܵ 
ǣλ߾ûпڡһ£òпֶζԸеĿ»滹Ŀ 
ԥЩ֮ʱ˼ѾҵҲ˼һҧϾͳѪζ 
ʹ˳ȥе˲ʧ¶һ˿̵Ц߸߾֣ۿҪϡ 
ʶıۣȴһεĿ̡Ҵ򲻹Ȼִֵ֪Ľ־ǿ򶾴򣬵Ѿһ޷ٻȥǰľƾڲ 
Ȼ֮еĳûд£һʪĶϣ滬̵۾ 
һ˼࣡ 
ҵϻ˺þ뿪۾ 
 𣿡˼Цҡ 
ȷûлش 
ʲ»Уʹɡ뵽Ҳñȴǰֶ̬ζԸңлǲ 
 ϴҴ۾ںЩ𣿡 
ȻĬʱּȥȴΪʹһֱѵĸоǡ 
 ÿ춼Сһ۾۾ʪӺС¹˼Ŀҡ 
ҶʱУȻǴƣɲ뱻ãҲǻС¹ȻҲɷӥˮʳ 
ߴһֱصѹϣѾЩȴƲתƵһߡ 
 𶯣Щɬ𣬡ٶҾ̲סˣ 
Ȼ򩤩ԡ£ִķĳҵȲŸеѼӲպ顣 
Ҿӷ˫̧ȴ䵽ķ̼һʧȥǡͺһſϿʼ˺ҧҵĲ 
һαǿʱĿֲоٶȸգҷ˺ԽԽƲסԼ־ 
ûǰһңֻѹסңֽŶ޷ȴ 
 ˼˵ҵģİĴ˻ 
 ˵㣬û˵㡣 

¶е޳ЦݣΣϷŪңȴû硣ҳļ϶ֳѹסҵһơȴץסҵ˫֣һֻֽǰһֻѸٽҵƤᵫʵİҵ˫ 
ôңֻҪñǿ׳ĶѹҾ޲ߡһһͬèϷӰİҵ·һȴƫƫƵ·Ȥұ߳ĥĶҪˡ 
ȵסҵķŪҧסݺݵĵȴͻȻסҵͷ̲סг˾ʴԽԽȡҵķӦ΢΢һЦӼɵĸҲܲסµļлջͷС 
 㿴ûŮˣͱҸֻʺһ˵ˡҶߵ 
ҾĿϷŪ΢Цߺ޸ոȼչͷָ֮һֽһɣһȴޱѵĻںޡһֱΪԼǸˣȴȻԼ޵·޳ܵѵ 
ǿûбûжǿҸоԼҲǰס 
Ҳʱҵ˫ȸ̧ļϣҵβʮֻڲ롣Ѹͳη·ҪҵķӦǰͣһŵһһһһȴҲе޷ѵʹࡣ׽ȴѸ˳ұпͥҾȻƵԼеˮɡ 
ҡ侲ĿңѱĥҲ˵һͦһİڶ·衣ҵ壬ȵĵסҵѨĥ䣬ȴǲ룬ѹˣȴסһİ취ҲûУоȻԽԽĸеޣҲ󡭡 
ճŹ͵ļʱͻȻʹҲԸǰٱֳǶԼʧϱŪϷˣίܱ߳Ƶҳɥʧǡ 
Ϊʲҵ屻ǿҲУΪʲ֪ҵ߳жػҪ̵ĶŪң 
Щ죬æңޣС죬֪ƤҲˣ˵Ͷ׼ҵѨڣͦҵ壬ҵĿҵһײϣֹ춼ҵײñΪϢȵҼϢȻʹһͬǵصľֽҲпĻѣ޵Ԩ 
˼ıȥԡʱѾָֻľ״̬ˣȴޱȵʧ䡣 
ΪԼķ˼ȥҸκδֻҪҪҾ׾ٵİ쵽ҶĵĴǱĺ޳ܺ黺ûʲЧѹǣȴȻ˼ͬı֧䣬ֳ̡бȵأΪѾԼǿԴŮҸˡ 
Ҿʲ취ԸһҲͣڤ˼룬ͷʹѡ 
˼ëҵ壬һ΢Цңһ߸ҴһûʴʲᣬֻǴڲڿҸˣΪʲҸǱȱףҵҪܸĸΪЧĴҸгʧ 
˼Ҳ˺ʽһ߿һ߲ʱЦЦܵ⣬񲻽Ϊ 
 ȻΪСһЩüȥңĶա˵˸˵ԭ򣬵൱ֻ 
ûд𻰡ǸҲᱻЩԾ 
 ˭㣬Ǹͳ֪ˣһֱ飬ӦˡЦ 
ԣԼ׵ġ൱Ժ˼һߴĶ΢Цһڱݣӱߡ 
ɫվڲƺϰʻľϯǰͷҲһ˿࣬ü֮Ҳ˼֡ҿŵδһе۶ģһʱ⣬ʱۺڣԴҵĲпЩҸĽүǣȴƫƫϲͨΥѰҴ̼޷⡣ 
ʽᣬͬ˼ͷΨ˵ЦһֱҲûпң·Ҹڡĵĺܿ죬˼ֺʱȴַƫĸأ 
ҶһڣһƫƧķ£˼ҵĿԶԼС﾿ܸƴҵĴ 
ѹʱŷֺ߲ͣ˵һЩ㱣Ŀ˵ʲ᣿ 
ɫһ䣬Цһûҷһȴɵȥˣǲǣ 
Ҳĵսûз 
 ҲҪ̫⣬ҿԸ㣬ǿԳ㣬һҪӳİţͬŵԵŮ˽顣 
صذѡŮˡҧĺأҵݡеȷһԣҼˣ˼ҪȢŮɩҲ߹ҡ 
ΪʲỹҪңסҲţеʹԽԽ 
 οĻһ㻹û̫̫ɣ֪ʲ޵ݡʲҲòĶЦ 
һҡҡͷ֪Ҳ˵ 
ҵķɫֻĬƬ̣ԣ֪㻹еĿɬԣֻһˡ 
ڻȻ˵ĻҺܳԾڶĪֻͷա 
 ҲףֵǿУǶ˵ҹˣҲûС߽ƵĶ˵ȴֱֱԶǽ 
 һܰģ㼴ʹ˵Ҳ·߱ߡ 
Ĭʲɡ㣬϶кܶ㡣 
 һ𲻸𣿡 
һǽ 
 ѾӦ˳ٰ㡣ЩǸƵ˵ 
ҿúЦҲҪȰ˼һͻһǶߣǺˡ 
ȥ԰ߣһƵ顣 
ҪţͻȻһȵҽסЩ˵Ը⣬ҿ԰㳹װ 
 ҴߣҿһУ 





28 

ͻıҲ֪룬֮ͻȻһͷ 
ҲԽ˼Ҹĳ߱ȻҲһһ 
һȻ亹ðͷʲʱǿҵıģ뵽ϧԼƭ˼ 
 ȷſҲź˵ 
ɿңתȵĿмҲҵһηӢײտ¡ 
 ԲҲܸߡ 
 Ϊʲ᣿㲻ǲԸ𣿡һʧˡ 
 ҲܸߣΪҲϲ㣬ƭ㣬㡣 
ЦݺܿɬûϵʵµˡȻϣܴӦʹ㲻ϲңҲĴ㣬ϣҸ 
ֿı飬аٸнӦúҴ˺ͳ裬Դʱĵ治֪˵ʲáȻܽϲڻ˵һдߵĻһֱҺµĸ飬ﻹǲ޶ԡ 
ҸϤİ˭˵ 
 С죬ҪҸ 
ԺԻڶߡ 
һֱҸҲûҸ 
 ллĺ⣬ҲܴӦϣԼȥҵҸ 
һûΪҵľܾɫĬƬ̣㻹ϲԲԣ 
ҡҡͷ 
ϲ˲пԴ֮ᣬһܳϲǡ 
 ҪƭԼˣϲȻһֱԸţڿûˡ 
 Ҳ뿪ΪϲҡЩһ˵ϲ˼оͱܵĽϡ 
 û뵽ãֻص˴ǰȻû㣬㣬˸е΢ЦȻĶ 
Ļд𣡶ԣʲʱֻص˴ǰģȻûа˼ͬңġһ࣬Ϊļǿˣȴһ̶ 
ȻвµģȻԭԼʵˣֻҪһһǣҵˣ˼׿Զвңסҡ 
 һ뿪Ҽᶨ˵ 
ʲҲû˵ҲǲҵĻ 
ҿ֣úúδһɣҺĽǡҸġ 
ֻǶĿңתųȥ 
ڻȥĳϣ˼Ȼ˵Ĳͣ˵ҲȻĬ캫ĻͻȻѣܶʼȥ 
һֻסҵ֣ҿ˼΢ЦңֳҰްķͻȡ 
صԢһžȲҪҡ 
 Ǻú̸̸ɡ 
¶аЦݣ̸ʲ᣿̸һ̸˵־ҵ¡ 
 Ҫ뿪㡣 
ͣס֣˲ʱɫ˵ʲ᣿ 
 -Ҫ---㣡ظһ顣 
ȴͻȻЦˣС滵ƭңұͷ㣡 
ҵס֣ϲ𣿡 
 ǵȻ 
 Ϊʲϲң 
ЦĿңΪСƯĺãƤֹ⻬һ뵽ܲҪ㣬㣬㡭װˮɫԵĿҡ 
ԭˣв֪ΪʲһƬٲΪϲңȴֻΪһտǽҰꡣ 
һֱȻмǴҵиоΪҺҪʱԼȻֻǴϵߣֱЦЦԼ޴ 
ܼɫԣæĿڣ˵ģʵϲΪһֱңҺãʹҾ۸㡣 
ʱѾûЦ֮飬 
ҵȻƽһЩֱ仯Ȼһʲʱʼ˼ҵĿϲҵ˵ֻĥ裬ΪʲҪںеĲ 
Ҹеֻţæĵͷϳҵˣ䣬Ҳʧȥˡ 
 Ҳ㣬Ҳϲ㡣ҷɿ˵仰ƽһЩ 
 ƭңҪˣһҲЦɫÿ 
 Ҵһʼʶ㣬ͱ۸򣬱㡭 
 ǰ㣬ԲŲҶ˵ҴҲûϲ㣬Һ㣬ҵһ 
 㻹нҵ֣ 
еʶûпЦ 
 ԣΪμڴңֻġһЦ 
Ĭˡ 
 ֪ǰҲԣֻ޷㲻ϲҡӽᣬҶԴ㡣 
 ûᣬҽͻ뿪㡣޲ĲͿԽġҼ 
ŭץסң ˤɳϡ 
 뿪˵ѹסҡ 
 ڿ˵ϲң㽫ҪŮ˽飡 
鼱֮£Ҳ֪Ϊʲ˵һ䣬ڳԴףɵĿʼաȻĺ׶Ļش 
˼סˣֳԥ顣 
ЦˣȻ纫˵ûȻΪʲỹҪװĲҲţҵûпǻĻκӰ죿ԽԽŭҲԽԽʹͬ걻ӡʱһĸо 
 ҵĻҪ 
 Ȼ 
 ܸκγŵΪʲҪߣ 
ʵĻ֪˵ÿΪ뿪ĽڡȻеĻش֮ʱҲԽԽࡣ 
ĬˡǾһһ¾Ķӣ˭Ҳû˵ 
 춲ȥƿҲûѹסҡ 
վ· 
 ھ͵ΪֹɣҪټ档 
ת߳ȥ 
춰ˣҳһ˼ٷŵҲδļ̳ˣڴ֪Լʲ᲻ʲᣬΪҷǰ̺Ҳأ 
ҹȻЦ˳ЦᶼҲܲģȻûҪʲŵ֤ǿղųԾӣȻЩûΪҵĽֻһζңŪңʱٰһ߿ȻһֱңһֱҲΪǸҵˣ񿴵ҵļӺ̤ߵ˼㡣 
 죡 
˼ͻȻұк 
Ҽǰߡ 
 վססҡ 
 ֣쵰ߵĴ󺰣㻹˵ 
һסҵ죬ǿаҴ˻ȥ 
 ҡҿԲ飬Ϊ㡣 
صһɿ־Ͷ˵ 
Ҵ𾪼ˣ֪Ǻá 
 ģҲ飬̱Ҳֻһ𡣡 
ֱסңϻָ˲˵Ц·һжѾˡҵȴԽԽأⲢҪĴ𰸣ȻľȻĻĲ 
ȥҵ·ʼĴϵǱȫһҲûзΪе𾪾þòƽϢֻߡ 
ƣڴʱ˼΢Ц§ңʪҵ촽·Ʒ㡣 
ӶˣķչһƫԤĹһĻǴδеģʹ˼ĸƭҲûоѡΪҿɱķԼ˵춳ԼˣҶҲٶۣΪԽĶ֮ԽԼ޳¼ԼҲΪ˴ڣеĺȻûȫĥ𣬵ЩѾ޷ƭԼ 
ҲǸûϵˣҲǡһĶԼظȴԽԽůĻ˯ӴʲҲ˼ 
ҵԼӦã뿪һβΪıΪµ٣ĵ١ 
 첻ȥϰˣҺۣϢһ졭ҵĻû˵꣬ŻָᲦŪҵࡣ 
 ãҪнˮϢһ죬ǽҿҪٺٵЦٴҡ˳ǣٴŰȻûзŹңһδεĽңһδεͷţ 
ҧסķΪһˣһ١գһǳܲס 
춴Ц˯ˣ۵ֵ̧ûУȴȻ촽޷ԭ㣬޷ԭԼ 
Ϥİ칫ǵ 
 ҽҪҾ뿪˼ 
ͲûгԾˣ죬Ƿ˵뿪 
 ҲвȣѾĺӽ᲻Ϊκвȡһ˶ϾִҪԸǣҲ޷赲 
 ս 
 ˼˵飬Ҫһ𡣡 
ƽֱ۾ġֵز 
˳Ծı顣 
 ڸӦ뿪޷ָ飬ļҲѡ񡣡 
 ˵ĲĹϵҿΪãҲֻնͿͷ뿪ҪҲ˼ߡ 
 ֻû뵽ȻǸĵˣ˼һ᳤ʱ䣬һ˿ҲûУߵϣ 
ͷŭ˼˵飬Ҳ˵飬·ĳ˹Сˡ 
 ûҾˡκ˴ҵľأֻĸ顣ҵľԼҲ˺̤ҵˣ 
ûнӻȻѡ뿪ҾҪ㣬Ҫ˼ǰ֣֪ǻź˿һ㡭 
 ģҲܺԼĶӣҪɧңû˵Ϳ̱ķɫࡣ 
һվڲõ£еĻϲɬһѾ͵ı֤춻ɣǴȴʶ˲ټ档ӴҲټ˼춽ˣʹҲȱõĶࡣ 
Ѿ£ڵģĺܴ󣬹ͷḷ́ܶһ۾ԼɵɵġҲԼĿֻ뻻ȥ 
͵ĿȻһ㣬˼Ҳûгǰֵطҵ׾١һֱڹ˾סҡҪȷҲ˼С 
ҿֽʲţͬ´չʡ 
 ûʲᡣЦЦ 
 ѽһֽ⻹ţ 
 ǿܲýˣ治ˣԷǳϵĶŮ 
 ǰǮƴһҲϲϡ 
 Ưǰ䣡 
 乫ءʲʱֵҹﰡ 
ҺôЦ 
ҵǷпűֽ˼õЦݿһˣЦӡҲˣܹ˴ԶѰҸԵҸʵǶõķеʹܿʧҪ 
ҷ±ֽժ۾۾ִϣԡͰɣϺ죡ĹȻܶడ 


29 

Һ裬Цͬ³ֵյ⣬ֻŵĸ߼ȻһȺ˴ڣòѾƵƵüĿ޿κεǣ϶¶Բߵ顣 
ΪһͬԷܵȡıǰҾԲμЩСļƻȴ÷ǳȤڲǰ˽ӽǸÿ˶ദʮѺãûиǸرӽҲǱԼͱ˵һսɡ 
 λС㡭Цݿɾϵվǰ 
 ᣬߣǿǮʵġͬ°ڳ׼սļƣ͵ȴһʱ̵ĵˡ 
 ȻǣֻҪǿǶǳӭһɲЦôʮʧǱߵһλǺȾơ 
˳ָȥһǰİӣмһ΢Ц 
߼ûзԣƱϡ 
 ǲǺܹ󣿡ֵ΢Цͷ 
 󲻹󣬲ÿͺȣǷеǮ 
 û뵽Ҳв˰ 
 Ҳ˧˵᲻ǿˣ 
 
ǸӳǾƱҲٱӦ֪Ϊʲᣬȴо۾һֱǶҡҰҡͷ𵱳·ʱϦ飬ҹȻѾֵزȻ˶ԼĻϲ⡣ 
ҹȻǲǿȾƣоθԽԽȥϴּ䡣 
һַˮرԵվһֽסθܵ 
 û°ɣ 
 û¡̧ͷЦЦʾлĹģȴ˾ǸղǺȾƵˡ 
 ֪ȹ֭ˡЦ˵ 
 Լ˲ܺȾƣҪллǡ 
 ʵǣΪ㡭ͻȻĺܵһ§סҵ 
Ҿŵθ۶ˣɴ۾Ѿ˾һӱ޵ӶɵĿ̫Ϥˣ 
ҷŭߴѡΪʲᶼҪ̤ˣˣҴû㣬ѵҹ㲻ɣ 
ľˣ˿ҷϹϷʵЦ·ڿСﴹ 
 ſңҪˣһ޼£˶в 
 ɣҵı⣬Ц˭ҽ 
ѾӶҵϷˣеõ㣬ѹǽϣңһӾסҵ塣ҽ˺þõһ飬ϤĸоȻ߳ĸ± 
 һ۾ͿˣˡȻǳСʪȵĺҶϣ󷢶֪ΪǺ» 
 Ұɣһİ㡣ˣͬʩϧѶЩߡ 
 ſң쵰Ǹˣ߷ߵĴУҲԼɳܵ 
΢΢һЦҵҵ촽𤻬ҵĿǻڷƵеڱڣֽҵ˱ɿ 
һҲû취ȱ彥֧Ųס» 
ڼ޼ƿʩ֮ʱͻȻɿңܴڴ 
 ȥ͵͵һȴµ 
 Բ𣡡ŵ 
 ߣȡҵĻֱһϮĿ籩ϡھ֮ҧȥԼһʹҲɿң¶ײеĹ⡣ 
Ȼһ룬ȴͻȻڵأĿϮ˩ȻǷΨ 
 ʶ 
ҾδҡҡͷΨü˼Ƭ̣Ҫˣߣ 
ҸȥſڿڵϵˣǸղŸһġ 
ΨҲͣߣҾҪȥ˦֣ллңҪȥˡ 
 ߣ㡣 
 ԲҲߡҺܸлңκιϵ 
 ˡΨֱֱĿң㲻֪ 
һŵĿʣ־ȻҡҡͷûϵҲ֪ 
 ֪˵Ӳ 
ЦЦǰߡȻȥȴЩģ֪͸һСõꡣ 
¥ƿţʮ־ȵĿ΢Ц 
 ʱˣһĳŷСΨżɽ˵ 
ҳԾĿǡ 
 벮ܻ㣬㡣 
 Ҳ֪ʲᡣ 
 㻹ðɣӶˡ΢Цҡ 
 ã㡭Ҳܺá 
 ԣո˻飬ֻص˿ɵĵ᲻ãΨڿ˵ 
Ǵһ 
 Ϊܻ߱ץˣϰΪ̫˻ˡ赭д˵·˻͵̵˻һ򵥡 
֪ðοǹϲǵ˼·Զϡ 
̾˿֣һȰȥȻʵҲҵġ 
 Ȱ벮ɲ׶ԸˣҲ֪ 

һ̹ 
 Сģ벮ܻܿԸ㡣ٳʱ˵е˵ͷ 
ƣĻصңѾˡһ·϶˼£ͻȻż·ܣûͬ´к̾˿򿪵ƣαصأѾ޹ϵˡ 
һͻȻӱסңұӶͻϮŵĲ 
 £ҡϤ֮־ľȻƽ 
ҷŤת˼ʲҲûЦһֻǿ糾ͣЩƣ 
 㡭ҴʱĲ֪˵ʲã׵ԼǲӦټģҵǸոƽֱң 
 ʲ᣿ЦӵסңҵĴǹ 
 ԲȥɣҲ¡ֱ˵˵ٸǣϹϵ 
 ʲҵ£ҵ¾£Щ 
 £ԼΪʲҪ¥һֱмҵˣ֪᲻ֶġ 
 ΪҪһܣ 
𾪵Ĵס˺þòŷӦΪʲҪһܣ 
 ΪϲңҲϲ㣬ײͬһǾ˽ 
 Ҳϲ㣡Ҳ㡭 
ѾҵĴȻûҷɿҡ 
 ʲζ׶ĶңͻȻֽУβңڼζ 
 ̲ݡ˳ݺݵסҵ°̣ͣĸ㣿 
û뵽ˡֲԸ˵Լǿв죬Ǻ˵ŭЩ飬ΪʲҪ飿 
 ˵˼Ѿʼ񣬰ѹڴϡ 
 ſ㸸㣬㡭ҵĻû˵꣬Ϳʼ˺ҵ· 
ҲͣߴֽţܿͰѵһ˿ҡߵԼȴӲһĸҵƤûпɵĺۼȴȻģȻְָҵѨڡ 
ʧʹٴķ˼Զ˼ͲңҾȻΪһ˵ģİ׳գ 
ҵĿ֣ͣĬĬĿңұһһĴ· 
 ۸ˣԲ𡣡ңҵͷ 
 һ뵽˶㶯־ʲᶼˣҸ˽Ҹղѹĺ޲ô㡭 
忪ʼæıסң˵Ҫٴ㣬Ϊʧȥǣɱ㣬ҳʧȥζһֱŬԼܺüζ˵ʹ 
ĿɿڴԭһֱûٴҲԼķ֣׵ľ棬˼ܹѾˡ 
ߵƿҺܸлûдңߣҪٳ֣һ֪ͨ㸸׵ģ 
㶵ĿңͻȻٺһЦͷһҶˣɡ 
ұĺ޳˵Ҫȴһҧסҵļͷ·ڳݼĥҧ 
 Ҳɵþ 
 С˰ɿңвĶЦЦȥȻҾͳˣ 
棬ҸеЩ㱣ʲʱʼģ벻ˣ¶ĸ׶Ͼ֡ 
 ûðĺܶ˼߽ 
 ҵ˵ԽԽζѾˣΪ³أΪʲһδξܾвҪأ 
 һǵС档㰡ҴӳûԹأ 
ˣˣǴܳģ̲סʣ㡭ķˡ 
 ᣿˼ 
Ļ˻ȥ 
 ֪ǳԴˣԲԣ˼ĴЦֻб. 
 ӦÿˣҰĻպ֤ˣ绰߾ǷǷ񡭡 
Ҽֱ޷ͷΪóѶ˷ܵʵڲ֪˵ʲᡣ 
 㡭 
 ָ꣡ڴϣ䡣 
Ҳ֪ˣȴķԸһҲҶЩë 
 Ҹ׵ˡһǣղŻƤЦıߣ 
סҵ֣ȵȣһûػ𡣡Ҽæ 
ڼƳ̳ϣ˼Ȼҵ֣ҸոմӻѹԽԽͷ 
ΪʲҪӣһ·ԽԽĪ˼ӳʲ᣿˺˽ 
ԽԽԼղһҾ;Ȼĸˣʱһֻغ˹ʲҲû͸ˡ죿ûȰȥĹ 
 ĳ׷ǡ˾Щǣʲˣ 






30 

ҽŵ棬Ȼһɫĳ׷ǡ 
 ˼㻹ǸǻȥɡҺͿı˳ʱԼӦȰȥ 
 ˵ʲ᣿ĵһۣΪӻ飬ǧ˽飿 
ҸеȻһᣬƫʻ 
 ͣ˼ȴŵĲ˾˵ 
ͣ 
 ѳԿ׸ң˼в£ͷ亹˾Կװݸ 
һͷĳԽ׷Խڽ֮ʱ˼ͻȻסҡ 
 ʲ᣿ 
 ͻȻ뱧㡭ɫ֮⣬Ҳʼصҵĳ£ҵ¡ 
 ˾ļ𣬵϶Ϊ׷ĳ 
æʹʱ治֪ǲǷˡ 
 һţҸеһĶҵ£һᱣġ 
ҳԾ΢Ц֪ʲᣬֻܴҴ¡ 
 үүþˡµĸ˹Ķ 
 ֪Ҹߡ 
 ԲǲҪðүԭ¡ 
˼ͷһһ 
 ˭Ҳҵģ˼ͻȻŭ𣬰Ҳһ 
ԥһ£ĿûҡǴ˼ûѳȴǲģȻ˼ҲûзԼҲµһж׵˼ 
 үϳ 
˼Ҳǰ 
˼ͻȻѸٰңղŲصǸȻǰ˵ᾱȻֽǶ׼ոϼʻǸˡ 
춿һǹ 
 ȥ 
Ǹԥһ£ȴǹסҲֻܹᷴԹ԰ѻ˵Ƴȥ 
  
Ŀȥ⳵ȴһֱˡ 
˼·˰Կ£Ҳ˳ 
⿪ӻûлʶСӰԵ˼жĿ֪ģ 
ǿһֱƫƧĺۣؽһƾɵСݡ 
ԽԽԥͿһҪץ˼ˣңμνġ˽ѾϾϵȻչֲʰĵزҲ֪롣 
˼ͻȻ˫һϡ 
 ˣҼæס 
 ѾûԶˡȷʵĺҲð顣 
ûΪ棬æڲݵϣȵȣȥҳԵġ 
תҪߣһסңȻв˵ܣ 
ҿЦӦ˳ȥ 
 ȥã˼һһͱԹ 
 ⸽û˼ңҺײҵһңɡҰеʢϡСĶ˵ǰ 
 ʲ᣿üͷʱġ 
 һֻܳԣһ͵͵ȥõģò׶˻ͲҪˣȰɡ 
εİŵߩ 
 ܺó԰ 
ЦˣȻȴûмԣҲûԷɣ 
 Ҳ԰ɡ 
 ԣݸҡ 
 ˵˲źþûԶʵ絽ڣҲûԹһ·ȷʵܶˡ 
 ٷϻԣȻҾιˣ˼ֳвı顣 
ӿĪζ 
 ҳһ룬һ롣 
 㶼ˣͺ٣ʲһһġҳŵסҪǵܣ 
ĬĬĶ룬˼¶˵Цݡ 
Һһ࣬ȴû£һֶ룬һַ°ͣһȥ 
뽫һȴͻȻң·˱ַ·ܾҲ޷˳޷ȫգϡҺ˵θС 
ӦþöĲŶԣȴûУҲ֪Ϊʲᡣ 
δķſң۾ڻƻҹɫ⣬ַһԹԵĺһࡣ 
ƽʱɫĿһܾ̾ȻһΣҲĽҰĹϵҾȻֻǺ˺ȴֺһȥ 
ҵĴʱޱȵķݣûκ˵ĴڣûµԼ·ҵĳҲһʧˡһδεУһαһ飬ʲҲû룬ֻ˿Ĵͻȵࡣ 
ֳһʱѾȫˡ˼Ƕû˵ҲЩһα˴ûĽС 
ȻҵĺܿҲڿտƽлָ뷳թˣһδεԥֻὫ˴ޱߵ̶ 
 һǾߣҸԼ棬԰ǱܿҸס 
 ˼㻹ǻȥɡԥ˰죬ǿ˿ڡ 
 Ϊʲ᣿ƿң˫ַסҵļң㲻Ҫģһӳȥģ 
 ǵġƽҰ⣬ҾȻһҲ£ĻʲἤҵķӦ 
 ЩѾĺҸ㡭 
 ʵҸһȹʱ䣬˵ûи顣ǡҶû˼ 
ҸеץҼԽԽȴȻ˵ȥһֱ㵱ĵܵܣʱҷǳһǺܿԭ㡣㣬㣬ǲңǡһδǿҵ£ 
 ҲˣҲԸټεĹϵ㳤ˣҲԽԽϣܹ˵飬кӡ 
 Ҳ׼飬кӣһû˵꣬Ѿȼŭָҵļ綼ˡ 
 ˵𣿡һȻһҲࡣ 
 һֱ㣬ҲԸ⡢Ҳûú޼ȥҵĶƣ֪ҲΪҶաǴӴ֮᲻Ҫٱ˴ĥˣȥСú㣬һǳ㡣һֱΪܹ㣬ϧϲңʵһᣬͻ֪ҶĺԶԶϷ֮֡ 
û˵ںڰ֮пϵı飬ȻʱľһҲںǷŭ׼ҵıֻЩѻĻȫ˵ 
 һ֪ǸƤˣʵǺͨҲ޷ںκ˵Ŀÿθ㡭ҵĶҪܾĥҲܲԼ޳ܣʵҴǸ˰ֻǾջ󡭡 
 Һʹ࡭ҵֲ֪ˮ䣬ҺҲȥ 
ĬĬҵ֣ӵסңҵȵĻ･ƽ 
˽ᣬǶӦȥ𣬴Ӵ˿ʼµ 
 ꣡콫ҴоѣŵľԼоһ֩ϴǸһͷ˼ϡ 
 ܲˣҪԶס㡭ҵ°ͣ 
ҵƽϢϵҡҿЦһ£ûзǵĻ⿪ҵ· 
˫֮䣬оµļͦûк£Ҳû 
Ҳǳᣬҵڿ㣬ҵ˫Σҵ֣ԶԶҡ 
ҵָĵŪѾܹʱ˫ַסҵ̧ߣҵѨڶ׼ִͦӲȻѹҵصһһԶķ¡ 
 ԶҲ뿪ҡҶߵ 
 ҡ 
 Զߡ 
 š 
 ҵġ 
  
 ϲҡ 
  
˼Ļĳһһ䴫УҽѾ޷˼һһֿϮֻ˫۽§סľ㯵Ŀ۾ 
 ῴҪջı鱻˿ 
 ЦһЦ 
Ҳ֪ԼЦûУЦʲ˼ǵˡ 
 ԣԻסң벻㣬ȴߣͷסҵͷͷƵݺݺҧһ 
 ҸоʹȻͷһ 
ɿңҵ 
 Ҳ˺㣬ߣԶ뿪ң𣿡 
ͬдãʶĵͷ˫Ƚ屻һ 
  
 ˵Ը⡣ 
 Ը⡭Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲᡣ 
 
ҴʹԼҵ·¶ȣ˼ķȻڡε񾲵˯γĴ·Ҳ· 
Ƭ̣ڵҹգͷԽԽ 
ȥΪҵԶӱܶһΪԼ 
еֻûԥ˵绰 
 
Զ޷˼ϱѵʹͷŭǱѶҵʱ˯֮СѾ򿪣ԶԶվѾǰ͵ǰ 
 죬Ҫ뿪˼ģֳ㵽ʲ᣿͵Ļһ˼֪£ڻˡ 
Ȼ˼Ѿ֮һ˿ 
 㣿㣿㣡 
 ңɲҲҪһҲʹ¾ҪϽ飡Ŀ˼û뵽ɣ㿴㣬㻹ҵĶ𣿣 
˼·ûϵıҺ£ˣȴվ޷ 
 һƭңΪʲ䣿ߵ۾ԽԽʹȴֻԵ 
ҲûУϵĲ̽ 
 ϻ˷ܵȥϷ顣˵棬ұĻ̼վס 
 һҲݶˣѾ޵Ҫңȴʼռƣսȭͷֶˡ 
ʲҲû˵ٽͣѾ˵ĺʹڲܽܣʱƣҲ֪ǵѡ 
 ȥɣ˼úϢº͵Ķ˵ 
˼ת߿ҲûпҡԶʱҲƣ򷴷ȥǶĺޣϣҲܿ˶ҵĺޣǱ˴˺㳶ƽɡ 
 վס 
 
һͷҺͰ׶ǳߺ֮ 
 ߡ 
Χ 


31 

ұСѾˣÿ춼ˮͷ˼ĸײûгֹֻÿڴϣȴҪٵһСҲûжԼΪԺѱ˼ȫռݣǰǺĿ⩤ΪʲҪң˺ҵ£ֻһ㣬ȴܵҪϢ 
춿ˣ˽ɫǳãĿеײиʤǰȻ׼һվ 
ңͬĶĸܹԼĶΪһͬأ 
 ⼸Һæûüʰ㡣Ͷݺݵ˵ 
 Ϻ죬Ҽǵ˵ٸ˼岻ͱҶ㲻ƺ˺ܶ࣬Ҵûϼֽ뷳ꡣ 
  
ǿ׳ĸߴӣ̱ܵĸеΣյϢ 
 㲻ϲ𣿡ϵĲѾӽвѪ˿ֲһʲˡ 
 Ҿ˺úд㣬һ֣˾߹ 
ҾˣȻС޴ˡƽļϵЦҧҧ 
ȻѾ࣬Ҳĥ 
׼ҪǽײȥʱͻȻһ˴ҴææĸϽ 
 ү̫̫˵Ҫϰȥ 
üͷ˭¸̫̫ģĬ 
 ã֪ˡһҾʹȥ 
ֻعͷңϵļⶼʼ춾ҰްҵսľʹǰץʱҲûйʧص⼸쾿ʲ£ͻȻ˴ı仯 
ѵ˼ˣ 

ȻһǱ۾жʱѣȻԼĴжΣա 
 ү̫̫Ĵȥ̡ηͷƺȾֲͣΥ̫̫˼ 
ͲķŹңȴʮּɵλ̫̫Ǩŭ춱ŵˣݺݵһۣŵһ¡ 
ұ۴ϳþֱ³һ³ŵһ㣬ǻ̰˿Ҳһŵ˩˼һŹҡ 
 ˡһϤ˭أڼ 
ŬһЩģߣҽǰһУͨһӣһҲ˼סĵطǱʻľ·Դһľǰ˵ˣδɩ 
ɩԵúƽǰ·Һʹᣬ˶Ծԭء 
ǾɫˣԶǻͷͬޱߵĻ԰Ĳ 
һһλϷ˴ӻ̧Сһ֪Ȼ˼̡ 
ҶжţɩǺĻһӡһλߵλˣҷǳ 
ȻǰλϷȴĲ̫һʵȷǷǳţҿĳʱһһλŮʮˣҲ߰ʮĸ䣬ȴѾ͡ 
ͰĶ΢ЦȻѾᱻɩͼװƭ˼ʮֵľ裬ȴҲܲº͵ЦݸȾͷһů 
 Ϻ죿Ҳů 
ҵͷ 
 ǸͦɰĺӣС۹⻹΢Ц´ҡ 
û뵽˵ȼˡɫ򣬼ֱҪˮ 
 ͣȥɡ⺢Ӿ 
 У衭һͼˡ 
 ᲻У㲻Ҫܣаš 
Ϸ˹Ȼϣ̱죬ֻͷ֮޺޵Ŀ˿ңת뿪 
 ɩѲõҺ̸̸ 
ղŻײǽϣתۼĻ԰ȲԵģһһĶµĲ豭Ѳε溢ӣ׼ȴϷ˵ͻȻѡ 
Ȼ˺Ͱͬ죬ҹȥʲҲû˵ͬ˼֮ĹϵҲûʡ 
ҾĪסÿϷݣɩһԷҲûбˡɩȻûи˵ȴҲûٷ̹ңʱΪԼͰ׵һͬ 
ÿ˯ڴʱȻһʵġҿֻŵķԼԽԽϲԽԽԸ⻳ﾯԼϺ죬㲻κˣΪܵĿ໹𣿣һֱԸ㣬ҲǧҪΪϲйϵˡ 
ʱ䲻֪Ѿȥ˿£ĺܰ⣬һӡȻɺ;軹ʱʱӿͷ 
һ죬һʱ̲סˡʹ˺αװ¶ʵĿҲԼһֱҿֻܿһ 
 Ϊʲãֱӿ 
Цˣ·ϵһһʡ 
 Һϲ㡣 
ҡҡͷҲţûкɵϲ 
ҵֱȻ΢ЦĺӣЩ˲ٴۣľѾ൱ߡ 
 ҵȻûɵϲ㡣СҲʵǺܸмܹǸĺӣǲԸⵢδķֵİɣ 
 Ҳķ֣Ҳϲæϣֻ˵ 
ǺЦˣԭСˣ˵Ҫɣĸһǵһ˵ϲĶһҲûУ 
Ĭûд𻰣ҲԸ˼ǰ̸εĻ⡣ 
ҺҲûʣ죬ʵЩһֱڹ۲㣬뿴һɷҵҲҪһˡ 
ҿϵĵȻĬ 
 ʮºͣȻЩȴ˺еĸо͵΢磬֪ʹС 
 Һϲ㣬ҵӣԸ𣿡 
Ҿ㵵̧ͷĻŬǺͰЦҳıϢȴʼֻܵů⡣ 
 ȻһСҲû취ˣڷϳΪֵܡ̹׵Ŀҡ 
ˣԭĿģΪ˼롣ҷһ֪ʵܱƭá 
 ˡĻԸ̡ 
ˬĻش 
ҲãȻĶΪ˼Ҳᷴһλٱϲҵ̣οһĵĿҲԳն˼֮ǣ 
 ֪ǸµĺӣȻûĵͷҾʦļǩ֮ᣬʽӣʱ˵СҲû취ٶԸ㡣 
Ļֱ龰Ȼ¡ԣһҾͿԻָɵˣԲ˼׽Ըңԡ 
ڶ죬ҹȻǩļʦᣬϷߵǰסңǸмˡ 
 úӣίˡ 
§ңҵͷһ̣ҲԸֻΪ˼Ҹңֻĸİҵ֡ 
ҿһ̣ 
һҹ˯ĺܰȣеŽ⿪ˣҲͷ 
ȻУһÿһּ˼ŭƤҺݺݴ 
 Ϊʲƭң 
ŬǱ鵽۾ǰʱһƬڡ 
һξ 
ǰȷһƬڣ컹û 
ȥñȴҲˣϤĸоȻĳα˼ǿǱֽţͬڵĸоһģһѵ 
ˣ۾ϵĴҲϤûұ۾ 
һֻţ˼ˣʲ᣿ңҪ 
ҿ϶ڴ߿ҾʧӣϱȻ¶ǲ̵Цݡ 
 ˼ſңҪ˺ң㣡 
ҰȻ֪ûãֻˡ 
ȴԳԵЦ 
˼ 
и𾪡 
϶𣿡һܡ 
 ǡһİʶҵϷ𣬡£ҿ㵽׻жˡ 
ҼˣǸˣֶʱֹͣ˺ 
һֻ쵽⿪ϵϵĲȻһʱ壬ʹգۣƴ۾ָӾ 
ȻˣĲվһߴˣ˧¶ֿµϷЦݡ 
ڷϴּĵı̬ 
ҵĲ²ȻˣȴȻԾĲԼ۾ΪʲܣûﻹǸ䡣ģҰģϷ˺ɩֵȥˣ 
 ҪҲˣǿɰԴҲΪʲ 
΢Цߡ 
 û뵽ҲҵӣһֱΪֻ˼ǸСǼҵ֡ǺǣԵֲǳģĸҵȴֳĪĲ̺ͷŭ 

ֶֺģֱܿȴֻذͷ޷ 
סҵ򦣬̶סҵͷ 
ͬϴһǻ̲΢ķ㣬񱩵޷Ҽҧû£һǿҵʹѾϮ⡣ 
Ūұҧ˵࣬˺þòŷſң촽Ѫζ𩤩ǻϴҧҵһ£ 
Ѿһҹ֮Ƶٽƴֽš 
 ſңſңˣȾңɩȾңЪ˹Ĵ 
 û˻㡣ƽĿҼģ˵̵һ仰 
 Ѿ͸ˡ 
Ҷʱͣͬаסˣֱֱ 
ƺҵЩ̣עң㱻ƭˡ֪ʲ𣿡 
ȻûзӦЦҵգҵĳˣĳˡ 
ҾԼѾˡ 
 ұģ͵ĸױƵҸƲɱҲҪͬζ 
 ҵļƻܳɹۿҪˣ˭֪Ǹ̸̫У˵ʲҪԩҾͶ˵ҷŹҲԣծɣû뵽ȻһڴӦˡ 
ҲѾȫˡ 
 ָ˼ǸС֣ΪҹȻΪ˼ҲҲҪˣͻȻʮַŭû뵽Ȼðƻƭң 
 ̫ȷʵļ֤ӡһЦȻƭûа취 
 ˵˼˰ɣ̫һ˫񣬼ȳжֱסıӣȻǹݹҵˣ 
ϴ΢ЦȴԽ˵ԽŭҵĿҲԽԽײС 
 ɵ㣬ҾͿҵСֱˣڴ˵ǲǸɴޣ 
ǣɵһδεıƭǲܽܽѵҴ˼㣬һ̣һϲңҡ 
ų޵ȴûк½ᱻԴǾ𣿵¶ʧʱǲǾͳľˣ 
 ҽг̻סҵ֣Ϊҵˡ 
Ŀ⽥ͣң۽ǻ顣 
 ΪʲޣһĶ㡭֪޹ء 
 ˴ǰ°ɡ 



32 

̻⿪סֽŵӣұպƤŪİһͿӡ 
 ĺˡȴ˯ᰲ 
ʱҲܰһֱ 
 ʵ˼ջҺܸ˩еǻᡣ 
⿪һӣұ§ڻ 
 ݣ·ҵ߹ǣ޵˵ҪúòȻᡭû˵꣬ҵĴѹ 
촽ӴʱͻȻͬ絽Ȼߴ 
 ңߣĺ 
ҲҪٱκκҲҡ 
ЦϺ죬Ұˣ㻹ҪΪ˼ؽڡ 
ҲΪ˼סʲᣬֻҲ뱻һԴ 
 һӣϧ˼ں㣬Ұ͸ң˵᲻֪𣿡ͻȻסЦݺݶңǳŭ 
˼᲻֪ұѣͻȻһҲͬ͸ĳˣα 
 ϶֪Ҳ֪˳ 
 ߣ㵹ҪɵˣҪˣֻһͶߣ 
Ҳֻ˽˼ǻµˣܻ 
 ҪңΨһԱˡҲǿ㣬ΪҺţһᰮҡ§ңг˰ 
ûд𻰣ֻҲûƿȻȴֵΪ֪Ľŵֻʣʧ 
Ҹһסʱļֱ˸ˣҲ§§ҡûӣˣҿ̩Ȼ飬֪Ȼʮİսġ 
ÿ£ֻչ˻ݣ߾ҡüϣŶһҲ¡ʵҵѾңңȴ֪ΪʲԭҪߡҵҿյ׵һ죬ҲһֲƸڶѾܵκδ 
ԽԽ˽ǳĸسŵûҵԭ˼һǺƤǿжҡ 
˼һˣͶΪ̻Ľʧȥеƽڿ϶Ҳʮּѡ 
 Ҵȥߡڲ߳緹̻Ц˵ûд𻰣һһڵĺеţ̡ 
 ҿûСͻȻסңûзָҵ 
 ǺݰһҪٱԡ΢ЦңͻȻҵĴûǻ̱ǿнռݡһֱûٶǿһεͻϮҸ޷ 
ҷȴһӽϣƹƹҵˤڵϡ 
ҰްĴֱҾ˺ҧ˫ʹѹϵϥ˫֮Ĳλײȥ 
ıܿһȴҲòſңҴŭĿ 
 ֻǸ㿪ЦЦ˵ 
ûд𻰣ܸоҪǿңҲ֪뿪ЦԼԼ뵽һܡ 
ǳһҾֲķʱȻϩһˣ˫۽ǡ 
һʲᶼˣľȥ 
þûһЩԵЩ㲡 
˳̻ĴڣҲûңҾߵ˼ǰ 
 㻹𣿡ʳһֱʵĻ 
 ܺáңزסķŭͼʣ㿴ҲܺáûǰЩҵ죬̵˵һ˿ĺá 
֪̻ǿҾǺۣҵ˼ǰ̼ 
 ǣҲĺܺãҾͷˡҶһЦ 
 ء 
˵˶һ仰ת˼ӴǾҲûйϵˡ 
 С죡ͻȻĽһһһѾȵŰΧصߣ֪ϲҵģǴӴҲҪֿ 
ҧˮһ̾뱻Զ 
 ϧѾҵˡ̵̻Ǵֻ˵ҹҹһ˼۹⣬̵ĺܳɫѾ벻ˡ 
񶾵Ļԣȴں˼ɿʱѾеĲתȻЦ 
 㲻ҪСúùϣú 
˼ֱֱĿң˵𣿡дޱȴ߬Լ 
 ҿûлشȻģǲ򵥵ķ 
 ΪʲҪƭң˵Ҫ˵ȴת۾͸һ𡭡˼˫ҵƺңƺʱȥסҵĲӡ 
 ûСһ仰Ȼǲ֪ΪʲֻҪ壬ҵľͿƽˡ 
 ֮Ҳܸһ𡭡 
Ҫ˵ܼȲҵȻһȴҲ޷ƽġ̫֮谭˭ɵģһж޷Ĩȥ 
 Ұɣúúӡ 
 㲻Ҫ˵ˣߣҪҿ㣡˵Ķԣûи飬ҾΪɵ£ŭĽƵڵأ˳ȥ 
ֲ߳һֱǿ̵춷һǳ׷ֱˡ 
 ذ̵̻Ҳżߡ 
ڲɵǰޣҺݺݵĨᣬûǰȥ 
 ȥͣǱߡסҡ 
ˤ֣ĿҴ˼ġڱ˴˴ﵽĿģҪң 
 뿪ңˣҵѺﻹծģ¶ 
 ҸûϵҲûǻծҪ뱨𣬾ȥǶҪٰҵˣıǱɣҲǺˣƲǣ 
Σյ۾ƲңˣԼֻ˼һߣֻܱ㣡뿪ңҾĶԸ㣡 
ûд𻰣ȻǰȥҺγΣգұܵǰˣҴ˼ʵĿġжҵҿһһǣˡ֪뿪ΣأҲյѰӻ 
վ·ߣ֪ԼȥҲָһİĵطԼĴӴܵ 
ͻȻʻһͷȥ̻ײʶԱһ˵ڵϡ 
ûվ̻Ѿӳϡ𾪵ĿһһߴҰڳϣסҵֽţԼסҵ졣һһſﶯá 
һ·ϷĿƴӣȴӳϹصײͷ 
ѣֱ֮³ڼϡ¥Ҷڴϣ˺ҵ·Ҳû⿪ͽҡ 
ҵĽϽӣȴֿͬһֻܡйߵĴֱʹȥȴסҲв 
ޣȴһҲͷһеңΪģײģ˾ͶԽŭ𡢳޶˷йϡ 
֪ǹ˶òŷŹңһָ֪ʱѾ˰ȻѹңָửŪĿҡ 
 ļȻǺܲֻ˼СŻᱻԵߵ 
ֱֱۣΪʲҲ裿ѵҵľȻǿ̶ֳȣһδεʹȻ 
һѾϣƣϴ˯£ֽűϸϸ˨ڴϡҼܲ̻ﻹǰ˳ѾϰˣһβûоȣжûˣֻǾıϥ 
ͬǰһ̻Һܡáÿ춼ҪҳԺܶಹƷҿһصֺҡֻϣȻĽңжüûй˹ȥ 
ʱ˿Ļ˯£εֽϵӣΨһǲ죬̫ҹֲ̫Ϊģ˯ʱԽԽǳ̻ʱ˯ʱҲС 
ң˵սεֿνĬĬļƻҲеĲ̫˳ϱϾ˼Ҳ൱ʵʵϾһҲں˼ʲӣΪǮǮı䡣 
 ϹƱٴδصļҵ֧֣˼϶Ҫ 
̻һ§ס,˷˫۷ 
ЦһҵķӦȻʮֲвסҵ°ͣᣬҪƲˣ 
һҲ´ŭһδεǿ 
 ˼˼ƲҲ 
ȻŭݺݶңҲĶ춻ǽҰڴϡ 
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ͻȻ˼ϲĽеĿǣȴ֪ʲʱˡ 
ȴͻȻֱ˳̻ŭҧãʱ򻹽УбڷйȴԽԽоƮҪ 
 һĽԽԽԼ죬Ҳ屻ֵǣס̧˼ѴȥĴȴûлӦ 
 ɬЦˡ 
̻⼸ƺ൱ɥʱ㶵ĿңҴ۲Ը⿴ǽҵ̧𣬱ҿԱۣһεĴֱԴֻǽ§סңֱȥ 
 죬ѡ 
ֻۣ̻ˡ 
ȻǰԾҵȴ 
 㣬һΪΣȻΨѾԿ״ϵߣ 
ԺıһӴذ壬þûµˡվһ̧ͷͿǰľӡ 
һϵŵĳ˯˽˿רΪŮƵģȫ棬ͬһƮв԰ϴ˯⣬Ŀ˿ƾɢ欵Ϣ 
һʶһӾѣ˾᣿Wˣˡ 
¡ 
Ψһ·ϣߣ֧̻Ͼͻ 
ǴҴ¥죬߰ 
̻ЦӴ߽ıڡΨҵᣬ̻ǽǴģøϿÿ 
̻Ц溫үļϺзҪƭˣǶֹ˼ܴ⼸ͺҳԾˣ 
ΨսȭͷȻûз֪̻ﲻ˵ˣԽԽԾѵȻѵز 
̻ﶢң죬˻治٣ҵүҲ㹴ˡǵڼǱ˼Ҫңǲԣ 
ҿʺ޵ۣԽԽסҾܵõңҵ͸˼ˡ 
Ψȥ˴ȻƵܿͱ̻´ڵء̻վȻͣķΨ 
 ҴεģԲԣү̻ﾾסΨͷݺݵ˵ 
 ںİˣҲԸԸֻܳͷ 
͵һ˺˷Ψĳ㣬Ҽֱţ 
 ̻Ҫʲ᣿ҿ˹ȥȴ 
 ʲ᣿ЦǸ÷ҵĴү˼ĺѣ˳ǿζ 
˵˺Ψڿ㣬Լ 
춷ˡ 
ԼǿѾľȻͬĲпԴŭٶϯУȼա 
ΨΪ˾ҲУҾԲ˵ĳ裡 
ޱߵķŭ嶼ȼһӾ˦Ǽ˵֡ 
ЩϵĹǰѵֻʣĹ⡣Ϻ죡Щֻ˺˷ 
˷Ӧ֮ǰеĵѾȻ˳̻ᱳ£ǲŵĿ⡣ 
Ϊʲ᲻һɱˣ 
˵ӼҲҧҾֻӣҪҧбҵˡ 
 
ҷĴЦ 


33 

ȻҲûԸԳķֱվڷͥȻʮѡ 
ֱԭϯϵĳ̻ϱƽȻ˵ƺʱӹֻźǸΣϾǵһɱˡȻʹѹȥ 
ӴᣬҲΪֵñǸھΡ 
ϯȥȴͻȻϦɵһ㶣һֱûټܾǲٱⲻۣαȻǿ˱ġ޷ɻ͹е۾ȴͻȻһֵܳˣϯϸѰңûпǸˣԳˣⲻҪ 
̻ظΪ˽ԹǱұɱˣûΨһ֣ͼǿͬԵĳŴͷΨҲѾϼӿܣٳšҺܸΪɣҲӳ̻ظңңڳξ类κԸ 
ָʦұ绤һھܾˡΪʲҪҵĶݣңһֲ߻ı磬Ҫ䵱ʦҾܾʱȵı飬Ц 
 ԭ棬йر˺ĳʵ 
ѯʱ̻һֱĶңг˳ŭ֪ǸжǿˣΪһضҪزܽޡ 
ҲʾĻصжҪð 
 ʵ 
൱Ծԭ棬ٻش𣬵ھ¼ڹ˵˽˶Թͼıɱ 
 ԲҼǴˣֻǰƻҸԼϣıɱҡ 
̻ĻʱһҲʮȻ 
 ˵ҾǹɱˣҪɱ 
ҷĴҲΪʲ˵Ǿ顣Ұɣ̣Ҳٽ˺ҵ˵ʩᡣ 
 ྲ棬ԼͥҰλϣȻ޵ĵ̻ĿȴԽԽ 
Ϊ̻ʱԣڽСգұ¡ 
 ҾıɱҾҪɱ㣡ͥϳͥʱȻ̻һֱңϿʲ顣Ҳʲᡣ 
ڴϣнһǰ칤ʱ͵͵ġұ۾ȴϸڵĶ԰Ȼ˱Ŀ꣬͵͵ķͷĿѾҪŪ֡ 
ףȻһǿʳߵﶼΪĶ 
һΣҪѾմѪٴҪ˺ҵˡ 
ηῪˣ̵ķ£ͼƻˣһȥһȵƷٻȥ֪ҼʹظҲû֤ݡ 
ŵ֪ǸϴѾˡ 
һֻҵϣǿ־ģס߬ĸٿЩҪϹ쵰۾ 
ļٵĺѾ˵ϣʱˣҾ֩ 
 С졭 
Ҵסˣǡ 
ȵ˵ϣҽסҺ㣡 
еڴϣһ졣 
 Ҳãûܱ㣬࣡ڰҿȴеĲܵĹ̡ 
 ֪Ҵ㣬㡭㱻ʲᣬ㶼ҵС졭 
һжһˡ 
 ϲϲңҶҪ㣬ԶšҵĲȻȻֻǽӲһ仰Ҳû˵ 
 ֻܽ£ҵᶼûʱˡ 
ѹңȵ촽ϡڶǿ䷴УǸ쵰Ϊʲʱ۸ңҷŭýʵǿĵ˫ȱסҵ壬˵غͶľ崲ѹĿ֨֨ģڼžҹҲ֪ģ±˷ֻ֣ð 
 ΪʲͲҵ˼߷ߺ޵˵ 
 ˼ԶҲԸұ̷ңƿԡ 
˵ûҵԸһҲȣɿԶ 
һҹ˼ҼСĴϣӵңͣĸ˵ҡ 
ңȴһֱĬ 
ңѾǰҡ 
ʱʵһֱìԼ˼һֱûٶңʱ˵ǶҰֺٰãǲǾͿԭˣҷѾˣʵ⣬ԼҲΪģԡҲĿǹȥװʲҲû 
ǳ̻Ķҵǿ轫ĵĺȫ·˳ٴ˼ܵĸµĥ޷Լԭʹг϶и飬Ҳ˵ʲᡣҸϾһܾˣ᳤ʱ䣬СèСҲиˣǲǣ 
ʱѾˣȻ˯ǸͬݵķˣҹһжǸΡ˼˵ңȻӴû۸һҵ⡣ 
һĹȥ˼ûңѾûһʱ䡣Ҵӱֽ֪̻ȻڽϣսңǽƵľأ±ǣȥҵƽʱõҲԮ֡ҲǺǱֹ˼ԭ򣬵ʱ̣ÿȿǵĶԼ档˼ֵ֧ĺ࣬ÿڵϼԽԽ㲡 
ҲԸ֪ЩѲٹһ˺ҵ˶ֵùġҿʼҲӺͱֽһ޹صǷǷǳնϹ 
һ죬ϵʦĴҪңȻܾˡʵֹҪҵ˶һڻؾϦѡ飬ֻԼټκˣκ¡֪ʱҲԴ 
ȻһΣʦ쳣ִн·ҪңͲ뿪 
ҿȷʵвĿĲݵļƣֻôӦ 
ϣĬӡ֪ҪˣʲıеҲܳΪõĹߣǵҪﾡõı¡ 
 Ҳ˱ϷѾȥ£Ǹ̸̸ 
׼һĮȻԶԵĴһαƣȻĿ 
 㲻֪һ 
 ȥģһ޷ٱĬ 
 Ѹߣ屾ͲãټΪϲ͹ȣһ𡭡 
޷Ǹ컹ҷߺ޵Ѿ뿪ˣ޳ҵЦαģȻҸеƬ̵ůнˮ 
 ίи̸̸¡Ϸѽһʲ㣡 
ٴ𾪲ѣǺΪʲᡭ 
 Ϸ˸šһŷƸҡ 
ԥ˰죬Ǵŷ⡣ 
 죺 
 ֪Ƿ㣿ӵңѾʧȥʸ񡣵ǻϣһ˼һ㡣 
ΪС̣ҵȷܽΨһϲһˣԵʱΪʱ䣬ĴһõķΪ˺еǸΣҲ˵ԼĲԡУסϺСҸҪ¡Ҳԭ£Ҳ֪Զ޷ԭҡ˵ϲ㣬㱧ҽʱѹһƻ 
Ҳǵʱ§ʱĻӣίˡԭ仰ָ͸̻ 
ҵȷ޷ԭҲԥջǽԨʹϲңĿҲԶȲ˼ҪͬͣҲǹİңҲûһ飬һǣ˼̾ͳЩ˼ΨһԵõİˣٰܵ㰮ǰԶǸ˹ĵС 
 ϾҪ뿪ˣ֮ǰȻŲСΪὥ㣬ȴֻûЦݡֱ춳ϣǶҪ˼ܾã¶ģֻҪҸܹͬһ̸ͬڼʹǽ飬ҲǷԸҸͲҵˡнϵһʲ㣬ȻǳһƬ˽ġⳡ¹սУŲʵǲƸܿܽ޶ծǴӦСӴǽһپ٣һ裬С֧֡㲻ܣСȻһ˿һУΪΡҸȡһ仰ĸ龿Ҳ˽⣬ǸռĶעҲԸһԡ 
֮Ҳơ죬Ҫٻʲıһ˼ĻСҵıҽи㣬ҶԹ޻ڡ 
α֡ 
ţԽԽңһʱ֮治֪˵ʲᡣҵȷ޹Ҳȷʵ޷ȥú޼е־䶼Ϊ˼룬޷˽һڻؾ 
ʦûֻϸǣҵĻش 
ҹڴϣȻͣǷšҳ̾һϷ˹Ȼǲ򵥣֪ջѡȴƸңԼĶ˼Ҹ𣿹ҾȻʵҸ֧֣ܴ̻ܳҸգǷøһ˺ҵҸأ 
һĹȥҵƽҲΪɵϢʳָҺһӴ澿ȻģѡͲڡ˹ҵҲԭ£ʹ֪ΪִʧȥܶҲڡ 
һе߳ţʮᣬȻ룬֪ʱٻҶԼЦЦλˡ 
 Ȼ뿪ĿȷɵĶ࣬˸ڲõչһ塣 
 ǸϵڵңӮ֪һ 


34 

 Цݱӭסҡ 
Ҫˣſҡ 
 ݹӣҾ֪ˣ˵ 
ãߡ˼΢Цסҵ֡ 
ģҵġ 
Ϊʲ᣿㲻ǴӦ̡ 
 ϵЦһʧ 
ǴӦϷˣֻΪһλ˼ԸΪ㡭 
˵Ϊðķգҵʱˣھͻмʮڵծѹϣ㻹ѡ빲 
빲ܿЦȻޡû뵽ȥҲ빲һ졣 
ǡһ㡰ȻǡֻС 
 ΪʲֱŤ޳ںȤ𣿡˼ѾԵĲͷˡ 
ԶΪʲֱŤͷ޳ҵһֱìʹ춺ǣǣѾٹ̵ĵ޷һУΪⶼʮĵġ 
֮ı޷ͨ˵˼ȫûн 
˦֣ͻȻסҵǯסҵ壬ͷƵҵĴֱҧʹҸеʹһƷңҪҼסԶĿߡ 
ֻе㣬΢Цſң߸ϵĿϢȵң·˵ 
ԶӲҵģһССǾ޷ܡ 
ֺݺݵĻӹ֮ҵֶʹ 
˼ˣɵɵңܿϾֳָӡ 
 ΪʲͲңΪʲһҪҵûио߶Դ 
ץס·ĳ 
Ϊɴ۾ָЦЦĿҩ 
һ̾ͻῪʼȭˣǴʱУ뱻ȻῴϾ᲻һ˿Ǹ⡣ 
 ûа㵱ߣ 
ȴһαӵȵţҵ˼ķ£ϤζŭġȻŻ 
ңֻŵİΧԽԽůԽԽ 
 Ҳߡ˵ 
 ֪ûа㵱ߡĸҵͷ 
 ҲŮˡҲ뱻ѹ¡ 
 Ҳ֪ûа㵱Ů˰ƺҵ뷨ܿЦ 
 Ǹˡһܱ֪꣬Լʧȥˡ 
 ҵȻ֪ΪҲϲ㰡ٺٵЦˡ 
ΪĪ߼еΣȻɫҶߵ 
ΪҲ㡭һֲֻ֪ʱҵ˫֮䡣 
ҵͷҪըˣ 
 ˼ҹԶҪҼ㣡쵰 
ҾˣȻƿתıܡ 
޷ûعңԶֻҵĶϵĴϰ¡еȷǸˣȴԶѹ´Ϣĵ  
Ҳһ·Ŀ⣬֪˶ãҲ֪ܵͣҲ̫ܵҲ̫θ鴤ʹѾ͵ļޣҷס·ԵһŻоķζ³ܡ 
 û°ɣ 
Ϣʱһ 
̧ͷһһλŮվǰݸһֽ 
ҽӹ죬ܱǸǱģ 
 Բʧˡ 
 ûʲᣬҪǲȥҽԺɡ΢΢һЦת뿪ˡ 
ĿĵĽֵϣ֪ȥ֮ȴһҴĵطûС 
ղǸŮЦӳУͬһŴ΢Цþûˣ֪Ƿ񻹺ã 
ȥĻϣҲԼΪʲųƱʵڵҸѾûпˡֻԶԶĿǷҸҸҵŻһЩȻΪ쵰ģһһ޷ԭԼ 
ľɽ͡ 
 Ϊʲ˵ĳ᣿ 
һԹ֮ߵλϡ 
תŵĿüͷ಻˼ 
 Ϊʲ᲻ȥг 
ǷϻϵǮųƱʣ޼ҲĵĻ⡣ 
 ʲ᣿ʡ 
 㡣ƤЦĿҡ 
 ҲҪ㱣ҹ 
ƣλϣȻ֪ӼʻгϹȥ 
 С죬˵ĺѹ 
йȻ˺飬ҡ 
ȷҴǰѾᶼ 
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ҿǿǿںڵ۾ңĻЩɶ 
 ұ֤㣬ĻҸʲҾ͸ʲᣡ 
Ҳ˼˵ĻҪڣϲһ䣬ҹ 
ҼҪЦ˼ɫ仺Цסҵ֣ҷж 
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 γסŻùһЩ 
ղŻĵı֤̾ͱˣͬСһˣ 
 ᱻſҸһɺԡ 
ȴ£м䡣 
 Ϳˡ˵Ȼ̵סҵ֡ 
תͷ⣬ʲҲû˵ 
гͣʱҴ˯е߼ʮة˼ͷҼϣңЦ˯ 
а̾һѣվŷְ嶼ľˡ 
߳վϤĺۺ洬ȴͣǰҲȥСһĽ 
˼ʲҲûʣ϶֪˭ֻǸڽй䣬ʱѯʲᣬʲᡣĵĸҪ˵Ļ·Ƥĵܹܵᡣ 
߱˵ͻȻͣס˽Ųͬʯվסһ 
ԶһϤӰæ˻賓ϴϤ΢Цһһ˵˵ЦЦһæµ 
ҿעӵ飬ˡ 
ԶԶǣﲢûʧ·ѰɡҸеĸһӼ˺ܶ࣬ŷ֣ԼܸûС 
еĸûˣȻһֻֿȴϯԼҲԼˣҾģ 
˼һֱһԿȻڿʲᣬȴһ仰Ҳû˵Ǹϴ뿪ʱҲſʼߣ˼ĬĬĸֱһСõꡣ 
ҸϰҪһ䣬ΪѾûлس̵Ļ𳵣׼סһߡ 
¥򿪴εĴ󺣡˿ˮ¶ԴɬζѾþδŵ 
תȥԷȴ˼һȼȵĻ桭 


35 

 ȥԷɣҺܶ 
ûƭθһֱܵûԹںùЩѾоЩѡ 
˼Ȼִ߹ҪңС޴ܣִ·磬ֻߵת뿴б˼ˣԶңж᲻ǻԼΪȡ̻һʱ䣬ҾľԼȴԽԽΪ˵ңڱҡѵҪ˵ѿĻҵĿ־ 
ӱᱧסңұۣȴһ 
һֻסҵһֻҵĳ£ȴҵθᰴĦ 
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Ҿɵۣһֱң 
 ԣһǸŮ˵ֽ㡣 
ʮֲ 
 һƬ⡣ҲҪԴף 
 Ϊʲ˶һƬ⣬ֻǲ⣿ 
ûд𻰡 
ΪҲ㡣 
θƵĸοԽԽůҾʵšʱʱҪοСӰˣ֪ڱǰǳ쾫ر𿴴һǵɵϣװ涺Ūҵ⣿ʱҲ˿һ֧ź͸οңȴǱ봧ĦͼϾϴαµӡǻϡ 
ԹɫѾˣҲصʲͷ̲ɢ 
¹ھ׵ĺˮϣֶƺ̫һȥ 
ǲŵҵ£˼ûǣҵ֣Ȼ̲ȻвˣҿɲԸٺڱ˺Ŀͬ°ɢϴ԰龰ѾʮΡ 
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 Ѿûˣһ˿ճ̵ҲûˡЦ 
 Ļң 
ȷʵЩ£Ȼ¹Ǩ춳̻ӡǷͥ޹ŬԼʹͬʱǲ֪;ܿҪϵõʲҲ֪زйΪĿҲûֻǷĶҡ 
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˵꣬ʶ˵©죬װɫա 
ûʵʹҽڣҲǿиңῴǰ൱ġ 
пЦ 
ҵһƧĵط˼Ҳҡ 
Һ粢ں̲ϣ˴˶û˵һԶ£С˸߲ҵ¹Сзһио졣Ҵδ˼ദʱ̣¹ͬԵЦоԽԽʣһĲʵ 
ҲԸգۣ岻ȥǴ˺ҵϵõ˿̶ݵҸҲ˿󣬺»ʧȥ 
˼еҵĽӽûгЦҵвһֻǶ΢΢һЦҽ§ס 
һ̣Ը˵ЦաȵŶԸӳ 
ֻһֻ̣ǱԻֻѰůԲûж䣬ԭ£ԲԣԼ 
յҲòʱŷֲ֪ʱѾصУ˼˯ԣߴֻǿŲĴϣüͷ˯ĺܲ 
һҸüͷѹƽҲ¶۵Цݣ·˺ΡǰĻס 
 ܵܿȻԶĵط 
緹ʱϰЦǺǵĶ˵ 
ˢһºˣְûвĹϵ 
 Ϊ̫ˣҪúò塣 
˼һ˵ÿӼһ͵ߣЦĿң 
 磬Ӫġ 
ϰܾԵúܲȻֻεסǿ׽ 
˼¶ͬıóѰ΢Ц 
 ۸簡ϰЦתȥӣЦƵ˵ 
 ȸòඣ 
˼ɫ䣬һ֪ҪҲãæץһ㣬 
 ζ治Ҳ 
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Ҹеҵָϴת򶯣۾ЦеĶң¶΢Цõͷ 
ϰȻǲӣʱлعͷĿܡּߣȻָϴȻҲ˱仯ĲλǣҺµļн˫ȣȼյĸоȴԽԽͣԽԽѣΡҧס촽ܿסŶѿڶ 
˼ѿҵı仯ץסҵ֣ͬèһһҵָ 
ѹȡ 
 
ҵ۲ 
 ᣬˣ 
ϰͻȻҳԾĻعۣ˼ɫĳ·ʲҲûз 
 ˣǲǷˣϰеʡ 
յĸȣ˼ԳԵЦˣЦĵ֮ЦҺ޲ð۵ͷϣ 
 ǡЩȥϢˡ 
ǿϰ˵꣬ɿ¥ݣһͷ䡣 
Ұͷڱûпȴͣ 
ˣˣͬʳƷ񫣬һʧȥơѾþãΪԼԳװȴȻ 
˼ŪǶпᣬҵľԶ侲ĿµĺϷȤ 
 ҹ 
һصոѹϣҾ;ķ͵İƿߺ޵ĶЦ 
û˼סңЦĶ˵ղҲԣ޳ܣ֪Ƥ׽Ū㡣֪Сʥˣ 
仰ֱһܣֲǿЦңֻ߷ߵĵȴ˵һ仰 
 ʵһˣС컹Ầߣϲѹ 
Ҷϵͷϸҵ 
 ܣ޲һڳ㡣ʱ룬ǲҵļãΪʲСһ´¶ڵģ 
ͬҸҲ˵û 
УҵκξٶǷǣ֮ǿҼȺΡҲǳԼͬħӭȡҲܵԼ޷ƵҪͻһҪס 
 ɣҺþöûСҶϴ 
û뵽ֱ׵Ҫ󣬸߷ߵ޵ݡ 
 ҲҪһֱҡֿңҺÿÿζķ裬ÿֶҪԼ㿴 
ץҵְ˫֮䣬㣬ҲܸоѾ߸ĵطĹ̼Ӳһȥ˷ܣͬһ΢΢ 
εļæҪ֣˼ȴִֽҰȥһӴ̼͵ĿҪ塣˼صĺһеľԽԽʢҵ˽ȥ 
һǵһľսĶִļֱҵֵͬҵģӲĳ̶ȸ˶ƽϢ 
ҴʱȻݣ˼ȴץסҵŪҾú࣬üͷ 
˼ҵֹͣ˶ֵĿңȴֳԱı顣 
һǰüνҵķĵײɵǸ⡣ 
ˣҲǵһθαִһενѹʹ 
԰һо˼ᣬչüӭĴȥҲʼοķ˼¶죬ȴһתΪϲӦҵǡҿ˵ӣоȻҲϲ 
׶ɣҸķмʹڿǻұۣ뿴ͫӳŷһежɳܿɱ 
ıȵҺ彦ʱҳϵûپöģ˼·ùⲻȥæȥаɫҿǸε񣬷Һգ֪˿жˡҲ֪ѾǺǣŮļⷣȴҪһӱѹ£᲻ġ 
ʼҵ·ͻȻ˸սæס֡ 
 ڻǡԸ⣬ҡûС 
˵ĻҲԸδʱµĻ䣬ֻбĥ 
˼ûټ֣ܹԶҵ𣿻Ǹղҵ̫õԭʼ޷ʵңȻҪصĴۡ 
 ˣ˸㣬 
§ڴϣͻȻʲȤ£¶ЦȥǰѷΨһ١ 
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ҴһΨҪȥң˼ʲỹҪ 
 Ǹ쵰˵ȥճ̵ʱ㴩˯µӷǳˣҲǵһη 
 ʹҼֱЦá 
 ԣ˵ֻҿֱ׳˵ʹҲֻܱճ̵ܵĿ죬ټһɱ 
Ψһα׵ĴǸΡȻ뵽ԼʱǸĵģһġ 
 ҲҪ㴩Ůʽ˯µӡ˼ָҵ촽 
 ȥҲ 
ҲҪֿµģоɪɪ 
˼û¶вҾͷɫֻǳ̾һ·÷ǳϧ 
 Ͳ 
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36 

ڳвˣȻ 
ȵȣ 
еĵΧȹϲ֣߹ȥš 
Ȼ˼һԹվ⡣ 
 ԿΪʲỹҪŲܽ 
һϰԵĵݸңһ߷޷޵˵ 
Ϊ˷͵ϮҲûд𻰣Ҳûȥ£ֻƽĿ 
һ˲вĹâ̶ֻһ۵Ц 
 ˣԼҡ 
 һ£һҪȥˡ 
ҿԹԵİ¹ҵ¼ϣ̾˿ⲻ֪ǵڼˣҺ԰İһԶĺ 
תҪ뿪˼ȴͻȻ忿ϣѹҼվȡ 
 Һö˫ۺȻĻסҵ§ҡΡ 
ұ˦ľ͵͵ȷЩƣȥֱۡ 
ײַ̻ſһصæµ 
ÿһΪĵ׼Ѿһ֡ˣţҺ·ֶš 
ҿϵΧȹԼԽԽȴɷЩζ 
˼ġͬӡѾˣһβǿȣƺ˳°㣬ǴСһˡ 
ԼѾԶӲԲٰ׷ 
߹ϲȻûа취ִȴֻðεĴҵӰӣÿһζܣΪٴνʶҲ޷ʱҲͳģη̹ȻϺͽĴڡӰȻĺڰȻڹ¶ʱҲֻ 
һص˽ǰסĳУӱǲȥԭĵطʱ޷һЩ˺¡Ҷʮֲ˼˵Ҳ뿪Ըʱҡ 
ջǼסҲִÿһε֮䡣ҲҪĥȻΪ¶ƣݣﻹǳǸΣüμѿڶҸȥȴû˵ 
ҰѲ˶ʱ˼Ѿɳ˯İɳȰȥ̲סЩϧڹ˾æµһ죬СʱԽȻʮƣۡ 
 Է㲻Ƕ𣿡 
Ҷա 
Ȼ˿δ˯򾲣ҵָͣסˡ 
˫۽գᲦŪһ΢΢ϸܽëͦı£䵽촽ϣĴߡ˯ʱҳĴ󵨵 
˯ʱĹ˳رѵãԽԽ泩ҪЦΪʱĺһҰڲ 
ЦĿʱ˼ͻȻ۾ûзŵĵڵϡ 
ɳһԾ 
 ղʲ᣿ 
ЦеĿңΪײһʱ鲻Խֳ顣 
ҺȴҲαװֱ׳˵㡣˭㳤Ư 
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вľסҵ죬˵Ư˵˶Ҵ 
ֻ֪ŻңȻµʻ𣬵ǶԱ˵ĳҲҪ֣ʵھ̫Եˡ 
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˼΢ЦЦг˵⣬ߵǰ¡ 
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ʰʱ˼ҰȥȻȻֱţɿǣûٴΰӽˮˤ顣 
ɳϣҿ￴ӣѾϰΪȻȻͬԻЩѿ˼ʵеԵϾͷʹˡ 
ĵĽĿ˸Ƿͷůţĥһʵƣ۾ 
 С죬˯𣿡˼Ҷߵ 
֪ʲᣬȴװѾ˯ۡ 
̾˿ûʡĲŷ 
ȻһȴͻȻҵ£һһҵ߹ǡ 
֪̽˯˯һ̲סӣҲԳЦ׷Ķ̫Ǳʱס䵽ϡջǲòۣЦļ 
һ۾ͿЦעңȴҲŨŨ 
ͣסЦԽԽ졣 
 С졭ǡ 
һҵıǼ⣬ȻͬСһĿҡ 
ûд𻰣ȻæһϸоЩƣۣ޷Ϣˡ 
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Tͷ£ɿҵ£Ȼڿ㲢һ˿ңעȻ΢΢ 
Ȼ¹ڳǴ΢Ц֪ڶŪңϲ޴Ǳģ 
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 ãֻҪԹҾͻά㡣 
˼Ȼ΢ЦԼ·¶׳޳ǣҿͬ壬ĸķ 
ǵĹϵԽԽ£ƽʱֻϼ棬һĩͳһȥӰһʼ±˵Ŀ⣬ʵ˿ǵĹϵŽſġ 
ĩڵǰֽﲻ֪Ϊʲر겻ǾЩ֣˼ǰ绰ڶСʱˣ׼ʱỹû 
 ʮʱʮң**ٹ·****ηһԼʮ׷βشͨ¹ʡĿǰջ٣˵ʮˣΣԱˣĿǰȹڽ֮С 
һվ˩ 
˼ÿοıؾ֮· 
ѵ 
Ҽæץ绰ֻ˺üȴǶԷѹػʾԽԽֱð亹ɿĳţϼƳֱ̳ٹ· 
ֳѱֻɢͨľͲý屨ֽļߡԶԶһƬĿĵǽ壬յںڵĲкɼѪۣҵ̿ 
ҽ򾯲֪߶ѱҽԺȣֳ˳ҽԺ 
ҽԺѾۼ˲ѰҼ˵Ѿʧʹ˸ĻţѰңÿгߵĲѰǸϤӰȻȴûҵ 
ѵ˼Ѿ 
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ͻȻȼϣɵû£ֻһ绰һʱأ̫嶯ˣܵҽԺĵ绰ָͤ绰ȻеȻǵʾ 
ԽԽеֻš 
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 ʱûЯ֤ȷڲУѾĻȥҿ 
Ҳ˵ֱ꣬ȥңĺѾ֪Լܴȥֻ⽹ĵȴϣǸ˼ʹҲʧȥϣǿǸΣ 
ҵȷҲɱҲʲ¡ 
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 ѾΣˡ 
΢һ 
 ڿԽȥ𣿡 
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 ǲĺܸߵӣ 
 Ůԡ 
ҽ仰һֵ֮УҲԸ֮УŻƴҽԺѰѵѾ 
 ֮ǰոλ벡ӣABѪ𣿡 
 ԣܾܿллʮָм˵ҪҪֽ 
 ȹǹۣ΢𵴣ֻҪһʱûʲˡ 
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ԶԶˣκܸߴͷϲ 
߽ˣȻ˫ۣȻһϳԶ޷ǵ֪еãȻ 


37 

ŵ˲˼Һݺݴ̹һĳ̻ 
Ҵ˿飬ΪΪҲ˼ǿ־壬Ϊһ벻˶֪롣 
ʱ̻ۣͬΰĿҡ 
졭ɳƣϾȻֳ΢ЦЦôҸ 
ˣȻ㡭 
֣ԥһ£֪Ϊʲôס֡ 
˼һ˺ҵˣǿƵΪʲô֡һ̣ǰ»̣еĺͻȻȻ޴档˼ȻҾȻͬһ˵ĳ̻޵ˣң˿ȴǶܻš 
Ȼ޳ıĪܲµ͸һһյľޱվ뵽뵽Ҳ뿪ǳһ׼΢ЦȻ𡭡 
᲻֪ 
׳հô 
һŭҾѣлתͷǸһŭĶҡ 
ҵ֪֪ 
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ϻҵȻû¡ֻǳӱˡͻȻסңŲĿǻʲôܣҶ켱ˡ 
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ųţֻҪ߹Ȼܿ˽ӵȻȴûһ˿߳ܵͷֻͬ˰ٶʧ 
ֻˤˣҺߵе绰ĵطȴû˽ӣ֪жż𣿡ŭ˵ճ̵Ļˣ֡ 
ճ̵ģ˼ͻȻŭҲ𲡴ϻŵĳ̻΢Ц޾ɫҪȥ˼ 
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ڳʲôҲû˵˼§סңҲ˲˾Ŀ⣬һֱڳƹ²ŷֱϵ·ͣѪ 
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ҵ۾˿ʮֻȻֻҪ㻹ţ֮ͻлϣˣһҲԭ㣬ΪҲ޷ҡ 
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ʹϧ֪᲻°̺ۣࡣ 
Ȼڵϣֻ΢Цſҡ 
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