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ʲô²ŻῴԼվӣΣҿ϶վӻΡΪھʮ׵ĸ߿տԼ˵ǿԼ屻Ű״ӵĻʿ̧ϾȻߡ 
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ӣ𣿰ǰΰʱ˲ǸƯĵСôϲ²ȥǳɹ»Ұ 
ءͻȻһĿҵ˼˻ԭ֪ѾҽԺϿˡǶڿ޵ķ޲ҰҲΪȻƲƲ죬ŵʱҲǶҶãٿ޻ʲôã 
Ȼ겻оۣһϰԵ˸ʵҲۣڣǽȥ͵ѧУУϴҲףΨһõľǿõԲ 
ɫпʼơͻȻԤ˵󲻻ġͷӡҲʪ౻εȥѣֹʲô£ǲ֪СӴɡûʵһͦϲģˣһĩʱ׵ġ 
䡫һ״λͣĵطϣȻң治ܡԹ䣬ĸʲôʮĻô 
㴩͸ҵ壬رµĳСƽЩװģʿС㶥űֽϴڽϿ񱼵Ǳ̲סЦԭȥģĿ֮ǰһ°Ҹˡ 
ر۾һһµظоҰΧ͵»ˣȥνǸνļҡʵôֵСӣҾȥ磬ɫ˧кˡ 



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Ǵɽɣҷ˸Լ£ÿŰĳС 
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⡭ôضǱս˵ʬ壡ЩſųǹʿС͵˰ɣʬʲôÿģƫƫ˿һ綼ûУҲ߲ˡ 
Ҽֻ֮̾ԹսϿûлˡ 
ף˵ͷǻƽҮҲأ 
ǿ½ϸ˵ա 
Լʮ꣬ò϶óʱҲǸ˧磬ߵѪûɣŸûá 
һ˲䣬ĵһ˿Ī֪ΪʲôҶزʶ߾һصĺøСȻ֪ʲôһǶ֡ 
ӴɲǣߵļǾ˵̵ĺˮһӿҵԺһʱ䣬˺Ѱľʹϯҵȫ̾ʱ䶼ûоͺܸɴػ˹ȥ 



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죬˿ɣҳ̾˿Ȥתͷ 
ۣҮ 
ҵ۹Ҳ벻ſڵӡԼ180ְɣ޳Ӣͦ˧ǺվڵһĺɫƷһѽôǸ˧簡ѹ 
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Լʮͣ񣬳ɫҰ׵㣬ǲ۲۵һӡ 
Һݺݵĥñ˧Ĵñ˧Ҫҵ˾Ĵ 
鲻Խأǵһ٣ӻûӦѾжˡȻˣֻǸ꣬޷Ӵʵһȭ׵ش͸ǵµʹ̣Ҳ˳˵ϡ 
Ȼ彻˲䡪սҸоǹɾʹһιᴩҵ塣 
ǰɣ 
ȥ֮ǰεذһ 



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˯һһˣȥԸŷ׼ԵģŰֵɫǶˡȻ긽֮ģǸ˵Ļ;Բȥǡ 
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뵽̲סϰԵȥ̫Ѩ죬Ȼһµ壬ΪʲôɴļҲһңԼýʲôֶ֪ҺüǵǸ˽硣̷硪Ƶְ 
ڣһЦúɵ 
أ֮֮Ҳܽãһձһհɡڵƺ̫ӣǾǻᵱʵ۵ġʥȻΪҪңڵĻ򵥣ҶһˣٴԭţҶŴŵĿ˼İá 
ﾲó棬ôɵȻģ֪ΪϵԵʣԭǲģ֮ȫһûУʲôҲˡ 



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̷ͷһŵ²˵ˣԶڵǰֵ˵ 
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ţ͸˵̫æź֣ûռҳһ䡣 
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һʱãת̷Źֵɫһ£Ц 
¡̷ЩΣЩΡһصĺټһ亹 
̲סЦڿ̷һֲòװƽӵı飬ʶסڡ 



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ʲôôᣡһζľУǷҪ򿪡С˵Ϻ񾭳дţĳһӣͷͻȻٸ֮ġ 
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ʱӭ׵ĶҳһţҲһƬҡ 
Լս̷е㲻֪룬ƵĿ⿴ҡ 
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ȻҲʶ·ܲɣοҹɫڻһܳԵ۵ĶҲҷֵĹŴΨһһô 



ǸԲ£ȻҲǸʮ塣 
ּҲȻ׸ͷֶװγ˵ƻᣬģ˿ǰʱԪƻᡣͬǣݸĳ紵õ΢΢ζͷҲ֮𲻶Ȼûִĵȴмֹӵζ 
ҵĲɲã䲻óġ˾ǧżѾ䡣 



ȥԪҹʱ 
е硣 
ͷ 
Լƻ 
ɣұȥˡ 



үǵȥԪʱ˽εƻȱ˻ϵᣬ̷˵һ룬Σ˻ȥ 
һ£ԭԭ̫ӻǸɽ˵Ȼ̷û˵ȥýֺͷҲ֪ǵ̫Ӿûк³ 
ǣ̷¡ҵƫͷԴײɣ 
ţ̷ͣһҵ˼ɵÿЦãүĪҪµЦ 
ԪȥƣҹĻֻԼ˵ 
̷΢΢Ŵ죬ҲԽ˵Խɴ಻ˡ 
˵ǴӦ˱ү룬÷ڣ˵ǺǣûʲôĬǽ𡱵˵ 
֮ܵ˵οЦĪģҵһ 



һ֧̻ڿըֵҹչƽ 
һЩδ 
̻ûеҲ̫ԶˣϾִļˡ 
үûȥˡ̷ѵ 
ôҲù˰ɣҼҿջһҹٻȥˣҿɲôȥء 
У̷Ͱˣ޹ȴǺص£ 
ǹŹ˰ٽпĻִɣҹεһ̯֡ 
ֲǵһηǽһ㣬̷Э 
ȿȡҲûſͶء 
ȥɡ̷¡ 
ˣȥͻȥɣɨˣĵػӻ֡ 
л¡ 
ʲôлġʵǿ߹˵ĶгһնҪĵ 




  



˹ǽ⣬Ҳ֪νľǽô£벻ǰ̫ӾȻӶ׼׵ˣұΪС˵̷ҷȥأ 
ȴû뵽ǰ̷̫磬ȻųΣûдʩչṦİգ׼ҲǺġ 
ܹѲҹ̷ҵ̫ӵſڱҹ⳼ٹ߶ҪˡֻӦˣȻǽһ 
һҿ˴ 
޹ֻ֧򣬹Щ谵 
ûˣдԵŭ⡣ 
ҪҸЦţое̿γȥϷʦץס 
ʲôʡ 
ҳôСص 
̷ĻУҸǰ̫ߵĵλСЩĺá 
СڣСкο񵭵ص 
ϸһ׮Һûʲô 
ѡ 
Ϊҵû뵽Ϊ 
ΪСһ׮صŮ˱ûʲôɲСټϣӵˣҺĪܲͷ򣬿ôĶ֪ 
Ҵһ£ЩζǿԱ⣺ôˣҵͷˣ 
һǰ׳աı飺ֲ٣ȭžͰƽĴյһֻ־ù̷ô̫ӵˣʲͷϻ˭ͷϣ 
Ŵ˵벻̷书ô 
ɻʺһ״浽ʺǶĶӣΪƽǵìܣܻѡ̷硣ǵؼ˵ƽıֿ㲻ϲʺҲΪల£Ҳ 
˵ǻʺҲýɣ̷ȼйӦ÷ͲŶԣôҲû뵽ֻһ㶷ŹС£˵ôأǣԼˡ 
ʼ˰ɣЦ 
ѵֻǴңҴѽʲôֹ 
ⶼǺ󻰣Ҫô£ӶһҲǵˡ˶٣ֵ˵ʵղҶɹǲǹݺ̷ء 
ôܣһС 
ʼ磬εص˭ 
ôϲء 
ڱʱ˻ȥ 
úúãϲ˰ɣҲ磬ߣҲ˵ɣ 
ϢӲվסˡ 
ôûֹյ 
ɫҹҲŵࡣ 
ȥʺ󣡡һһٵص 
ʲôʧʺʲô 
ȸ״ұ˵߷Ƶĳš 
⡭ûع 



ǰҲȥΣΰĹʹ˿ȹʹϣڵϹģһ̫ӵҾͷֲ嶫ˡʺ󵽵סĶ 
ֲһȥ±ԼǸð̫ӡ 
ôأԽ 
һյԶȴǸС̫ࡣ 
һֽסιĸģ 
ҡūС˳ӣǻʺ﹬ġС̫ͻȻסֲʶңһľ̺;衣 
½İɣ£Цļ򣬡ȥʺ̫ӵҪȥ 
̫ӣС˳۾ 
ǰȥͨɣҴߴٵʱ鷳ˣ 
ǣǡС̫౻һţæˡ 
ҲظںͷЦ۾ˣʶôˣ̫һͶʯ·ɽˣҪʱضˣҼҪС 



ʺסĵط̫ӵԶϢ˹бֲܣľƺҲûжɴ˿λĻʺ󲢲ϲŪȨˡҺܿжϳʺΪˣҽҪе˵Ҫ 
ڹſڵһƻʺѾӵͨŴҡڵشӹ߽ȥ 
ʲô̫ӵ£һű߹ʣһҵæĳʺ 
ʺɰЪˣһһʡ 
µ԰ 
Ŷҹ벽ȥ԰˭Ҳʶ·ء 



Ҵľڣˡһ߹ֻһͨеС·Ӳ˼һô˵ 
ʺ󰡣һŮˣ൱ִˣھҪȥˣģܿƵؿ 
С·ڣһƬĺήĺɾҡҷ˲Ϣߵͤһŵɫ˱Ҷ 
ɣ˵ؿڡ 
ǡһ²ڽңæӦˡֻǣǻʺֻһ仰𲻸ҷͷϸϸĴˡ 
һͷѳǳɫ޸ѩûκֻһɫڱ󣬵ȴǾ¹⻬һ˿ֻ˫۾ڳĿף޷׽һˣжʮۣʮĳȣʮĲɣһʱж͡ 
𾪵ĲЩǡ 
ǰȻֻҪˣһ۾ܿǸʵӣ 
۹ĸµĻʺ󣬾ȻǸˣ 
Һ𣿡º͵һЦΪҵһ裬ʺѾЪˣ͸̸̸ 
Һʲô̸ģ֪˲ǻʺ˿ 
˵עң㵽˭ 
ۡҺ׼ܾ֮°ѸպȽĲȫ˳ 
ſһˮ˵ϣһζû·ϡ 
Ҳ̫˭ӲͷƤ 
̫ӣһЦҲʣֻһ䣬˭̫ӵĻ᲻ʶҰɣ 
ҡҲ֪ô˵z y b g 
ôұ̫ӡӵҪ˵ʧˡ 
ҡһᣬһȥˣҲ̫ӣôҡֲԼԸ̫ӵģ 
ǺǡЦЦҲңԹ˵ȥҸϹ٣Ȼġػߡֻеۺ̫Ӳ֪ҵĴڡĴ½ĸңֱǱ桢󡢶ꡣչ̴ոһȻǿຮ֮أ뺷ʮƶҹ꽻սα²Ȱ裬ǿοֲֹۡ 
˵ϹȻվߵߣ죬һ̾ 
˵ЩҲؿ 
ϹȻ·Ҳڣ˵ڷбǽţȱȣַǵ֮šο⣬λ涨ȻꡣԲбãǴ󱦣ǰ֮ĻףԸ˳ĸฮǧΪۣⲻרȨǿ̫ӡȻȱļƣ֮ͳܱ漸ʮ갲 
ҪҼð̫ӣҽζ 
ǼðҲǰʲôˣôģֻһ㣺̫ӣϹȻնص 
ҲɣһУҪʲô£үⱲ޵ľǵ˵Ŀܣ 
ҵϣϹȻûвңֻǷһ䣬ʲô 
룿һûʹ⣬ܿҾ˴𰸣Ҫµˣ 
ܺõ밡ϹȻЦҪ˵ϵλûȥˡ 
ߣ֪˵ʵҲĲ뵱̫ӣôĻʲ 
ΣϹȻ·𿴳ҵ˼ҰϵλԳ²˲𴩡 
룬¶һĵЦݣǻ¹ܣүֻƵصĻ 
ԡϹȻһڴӦ 
ǾͳɽЦʮһֻꡣ 
ÿϾ͵һΣһһЩ㲻ڴ˵ţƺзԵ˼ֵǵԼǣԺҪԳݻš 
УεشӦˡ 
ԴӼҾֱˣĸоǲˬ 
ڽ£һᴦɾģԷġҸҪߣðһ仰Ҳˤһû֪° 



һص̫ӵӭͷһʹΪʺôöԸİ»ͲӶܾˣĶϻλأ 
ԭʺ̫ӵĸף˵һ⡣ 
أô˵׷ʡ 
ô˵룬ЦЦͦã 
ͦãͦʲô˼׷޹ߣһ治ĵʡ 
ͦþǺܺõ˼ʲôѶģֵؿһۡ 
˭˵ˣᡣ 
ʵһίȻҲصһǲҸġ 
ǺıŶĹĵصһۡ 
ҹһЦÿɷص˵ϡûָһ죬ղֱϹȻһţ۵ò붯ˡ 
ҵ뽫ҴӴ㵽֪֪ڵζܲ͢¶ãҪиһ֮Ҫ 
ʲôһҵġҵʶѾԺģҲ˵ʲô˯ȥ֮ǰֻǵϹȻ˫֪ۡΪʲôҾʵŵԣʵۡ 
zyzz
ͬʱӵĸۡ 
ˣκݺݵؽֵ˵Ĳ豭ˤ÷顣 
ҲûãλҲһԵӳ˹غŲ裬ζɴߣҪľһ֡ 
̣ǵҪ̵ʲôʱ򣿡Թ졣 
ˡһѪĿȡ 
ÿζ˵ˣûصϴһֱ˵ǸҩúܣɱΣֻڴ죬ûƵġ 
ô֪ҩ޺޵ص̫ӵӲһ֣ػѾˡ 
ػߣԻظһ顣 
ûʲô㲻֪֪ʧԣػӻ֡ 
˵Ͳ˵ʲô˲ģһߣתȥˡ 
һΣǽʵʵڲСŲǿԼȥλشԵǧСأ²㣬࣬Ҳ治֪ԼľǶǴ 



һҹҲЩվǹȥˡ 
˸ѱЩ˯ʶȻѾˣǲ 
ǣƺ˿Уһ͵͵غţ££ 
ˡҷ˸ȥᡣ 
¡ߵЩΣǲĵؽš 
°޿κε۾˳ץס˵½һ˳Щһ١Ҳֻ˯ˡȻ̷㵵ӳҵʱסˡ 
㲲֮£̷Ϊ˲ѹң˫ֳڴϣſӽߣ˴˿ţһ˲䣬ҵЩˡ 
ǰҾͲǸľӣżҲͺϵаһҹ飬ûжϵĸ˿̣˿ȻһȥϧĸоΪĨȥ۵صˡ 
£һ̷ȿڡ 
֣ȴ·ȼͷĻ棬ο峿ʱ 
׼жʱ򡪡 
ûУҩˣǴоѹ 
̷һ̵ 
Ҳпϧ治ʱ 
ôҴ˵𣿡Цеذڵҩϡ 
ôᣡƤЦⲻЦص 
ҪʲôͼˣֻҩġЦȻ˵Ȼ˳ȥ 
Һ̷粻βѡ 
ôնƻˣﰵš 
ˣ𣬡ϵҩҪȺŶ 
Ҫҩһ𣬵ƺԶˡ 
һƬĬУ̷ȿ˿ڣ£Ȱҩ˰ɣ 
ҪҺܸɴؾܾЦҩ֭ȥǰȹҩҪ࣬ȥûȿˣ 
£̫ҽĲҩ 
ǿ׳úܣòˣ̷εǳҩһǾû 
¼Ȼҩ°ѰΣ̷ 
㶮ҽҵǺܾ档 
ϰ֮ȻЩҽ̷絭һЦ 
Ǻð֣۾һգգض 
̷粢û̽ҵţ˵ǰȴסҵ֡뷢ʵʱͻȻеﴫһ΢˳ֱԽԽȣڳΪһůҵ֫ٺߡֻҪůĵطʹʵ֢״ܿ컺ˡҲرۣůĸо 
ǹů˼Ȧִ˳ȥһֱҵڡ۾˿ 
¿ɾЩô̷ƣ롣 
ûôùô𾪵ǰˣôһǺ͸£ɫ԰ѩɫβסƣ 
ֻһЩϢһ¾ܸԭ²صġ̷ЦŰҡ 
һ˿ڣǹԹԵغҩͲ۳˰ɣѹ˵Ϣһ¾ܸԭĹ 
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô̷磬ȴؿó̷粻ġʱڸ鷽ǵ21͵Уһ۾ܿ 
ǳڻôͷֻһҾȻʧЦˡͲ˵ദʱɣȻˣҲͰԼ뷨 
ôˣ̷翴Ҿþò˵ɵĵʡ 
һԲץסһصϵʱ§סһѹ¡ 
£̷һȴң԰׵Ŀ 
ͬƻһ㣬ҵͷһüģģһ˿ 
£̷֡ҵرͷܿҵ 
ǲţҧңϷʵضȴ̾ԼɹʱϷҸŮĶˡ 
µ˲ֻǴۣ΢΢ҧŴ 
ֲɢϵķ˿ָӹļ̲סĴ 
֮ܵԵĽӲҲ룬ֻͷһĴֱ꣬Ϊ޷ſڡسֱ룬еĸ 
šֲʹõк 
硭ؽ֣ƣҲ⿪½ 
¶Ľ׵ļµǣҰ˿ڿˮ 
㷴Ķ˵ 
ҪĻ̷͵Ҽֱ治塣΢ŵİ˸֣Ǹҵͷһˮҵһ 
̾˿£ץϵıӸϣˣ˯һɣ 
ǵ޹²ܡ̷Ҫ 
ҲͷشĻֽȥ˯ 
˵꣬ԣٶ£ȥ 
̷硭 
ȡֻΪǾǳȷʵ飬ȴҵĸ顣ΪҶֻһʱȤҪԼҵطһнķԹĸ裬ȴһܸС 
ô죿 
ҿŹ̨ϣ̲סִ˸Ƿ 
Ųߡ˵ӵӣʲôӣŴ鷳˵ʲô糯Ϳʼò˻ˣ̷磬Ҳ뷨ӽźá 




   



ôˣһ̾ģɣЦĻУ 
ҳ췭˸ۣŮôʱŮӶʲô˵óڣһֶ 
ʵҲȫ̷硣Թ˽ȥ˵Ͼ£ѡǶԵġ 
ȣ̷磿˵ľǳ̷֮ĽᣬҴĻֻ˵һ㡣 
ˣϼŹȥ£ֻԼʹ࣬οأȴƺᵽ£˿ȥʱ䣬߽ľ⼸Ҳˣʤһᣬǰˡ³͢һҰ 
ΪʲôĲɵһ䣬ģôܲźۼذѻ 
оͷγǱһУԹ˧һ˵λˣطҪˡһǣ˿̵Ǹϲ̨ĵŮӣǸǹĴˡ 
룬бҸߵ˶أҾҰɣʲô£ƺûע⵽ƺѾǱʶ϶˴սذܡ 
ͷĲ峿͵£ӸԵþӨ͸Ҹ̫ӵˣӲӣŮŮӣƺе㲻ܡ 
ʲôأعֻЦʣ 
룬ɱǸһﶮȤˡڵ٩һ䡣 
ǿˡЦ绨ãежٳ⡣ 
һͷԼ޹Ǹڳ˯ˣ̾˿ 
ҪԸ絹ҲѡͻȻðһ䡣 
ţа취ǰһϲʡ 
취ûУ鵹һ۰Ͱ͵ע£˹ؽͣǳӲ鹥ƣ¾ͻһӡ磬ֱĺá 
Ҷͷðһ亹ѾͷĪֱӡղǾ˵Ҳ˿ڿˮ̷ֺ˵ƢҲ˵ʵе 
ʵһ䣬ĿԷ¹ȥ𣿡˵⻰ʱ۾ֱҲš 
ʲô˼ұЩš 
׻˵Īھε¶㣬з粻ԼΣΪ±ƶ۵ԼһʱмģмأϾԹޣ׷¡ 
ĿɿڴȻǱ˶ģ̫ǵúܲȣϾһж˭˵ֵ˼ûһζ֣ 
Ҳ˵ֻŷ⣬ֻϾǡҲøֻ̫࣬ǣºúԼģôĸ飬ǷֻԹޡ 
˵꣬ҲһڷԹˡ 
ԹޣǺǣҲûЦ˭һԼԹ޵˷ߣһžģ̫ӣҸڵ߸ʲôѵģֻһ̫һ̫˳ܡ 
ǣǰ׷ʲô£ 
̫ӱɱô£ 
ǰһϵҵҸһϵҵСһŪŪϻȥһϢ˹û취ʵҲֻǸػϹȻˡ 
ͨЩҸɴվ·ϵĻҳصڣڴ 
ϵƺ˯üȣüëţһָƽ 
ĻҲеĶ̲סһɢϵ˿ָ⣬Ȼػ䡣 
̷簡һ磬ҲҪΪҶͣΪҵһۿʱ϶ˡ 
ʱڼžܰĿţҺȻãʵƽҲ 



ƻ裬һϢ˹԰ 
Ϧͽˮһɫ΢΢طţ˸˸ۼ 
ȻûԼϹȻȴ·֪ҪƵģͤеȺ 
һ裬һ¯㣬ɾ 
Ҳ֪ڣ˿̸û٣˱ң˿ûͣ˵˼ûκԥģǰһѰסٵ˫֡ 
ٷһ̶ı 
֪ȻкҪ£ŵ̧ͷʡ 
㲻ʲô֪ǻҪʲô£Ҷݺݵػش𡣲֪ΪʲôҾǿƽú¶֮еı顣 
ֲɡϹȻִг˺ߡ 
Ϊءûԭλ£˳ַһֻ豭˱裬һںȸɡ 
ţ˷ò衣ϹȻεҡҡͷ 
ʵĻȲʲôҴǸϸˣڲʲôĸǲȤ˵ܺȵľǺò衣 
򣡡ϹȻһ͡ 
ұͲˡЦŷ 
ǳ͵̫ӵķȡǰҰˣҲѧḽӹţ 
ӹţ̫˰ɣҲƲƲ죬ˣҲ㡣 
˵ϹȻƺϲñҡ 
ôġһһʣͬʱ۾ÿһ 
ϹȻʲôЦĻƵģ㲻վǰ𣿡 
֪ҵ˼ǿѹеŭ𡣺˵ȴܻۣ 
õӾͿ֪˰ɡϹȻ̾һһľɵҲӣ뿴̫Ҫˣĵ˭˳̳Ǹλõ˲ࡣ 
ǵģǲ࣬ٵÿ鱨жϣҲȷҵġܡ֪Ĳ˵ֹ 
ԷģǸɱ̫һΣʱжġϾҪǶ·ҲôȥġϹȻ˵һ£Ųһ䣬ڱ߽֮ǰɡ 
ߣҶ˵ܲ⣬ƫƫ޿κΡ 
ͽȻʹңкκô 
Ҳò˵ 
һأƺҲԸټ⡣ 
ǰ̫ӵ׷ʲô£ 
ף䲻ӾȻ¶һ˿ɫȻûϵʵȥôõô 
ôʣ˵Ҳв֪£ڿ仯Īе˷ܡ 
еˡϹȻȻʧЦһд¼ÿ궼мΣһֵصó˵ˣ 
ǲˣһҲûںеĳ 
ţһ̫ӵĳϹȻһ²ŵȺ̿ȫûûһڡŶֵֻ㹬еͳ̷һˣҲһսű뾩Ĵ֮һ 
أҵһҲ˵̲סڡ 
ûˡ 
ûˣһֽУأ 
ҲֹɡϹȻ豭һڣصڶ죬̫ӵг̷һĹŮеĹŮ̫ࡢȫּˣҡԺû˼Щˡ 
ɱڣҴĵðһɺ⡣̫ӵ˼˵ˣȻôˣҪصܣֹһд¼ѣ 
һʱ䣬ǰһƬɫҲ·Ĳҽ޺ 



뿪Ϣ˹ҵˡ 
̧ͷ߲һ˿ϼ 
Ѫ 
ˣȻȥ˵̫ӵﻹҵŵء֪Ҽӿ˽Ų 
˵ƽʹ˻Ƿǳϲˮֱ̫ӺҲòźߵľȶ߲·ûЧʵư 
һѲӭңæһ 
ҳǵͷ̴̵شó·м߹ȥȨǸö̵롣 
£Ҫ»ͣľٹʡ 
ãǸøʲôʲôȥһ˻֣ǼȥѲߡһӷô£һߣ徲徲ء 
Զжӣȥˡ 
ʹ˺ܶ࣬ٶҲ˺Ļʹֳһˡ 
ұǾµĻ԰峺ĺеľ£ӭźϴ磬ƵҲɢһЩ 
ϦѻȺͻݵӰúܳһߣһ߿ԼӰӺͻӰһδص 
Ȼ䣬ðһֺܲĸо˵ʲôԣܵĿƺѹ͵ģͣ½ŲȻ֣ѾܾûмѲߵˡ 
Բ 
ʱȵĺϾһĹâ 
ƻãȴƥɱ 
Һǰͣ˽ŲȻھѾǸˡˣӭҵ˫ȾǦƵģص޷ƶ 
Цǣһ˲䣬ҸܵĲǿ־壬ǲʣһֻ 
ϹȻڻǲ´һΰɣ̾дˣ 
һĹ򣬱ĽѾҵĲӡ 
ԭҵĵڶȻֻ죿ǹݵģεؿЦ֪컹᲻ҵλ᣿ԼѡĻԸȥ̫ƽԱɣƱѳɽҹҹ 
ûȻ꣬Ҿ;һᣬ뿪˵棬ˤ˳ȥ 
ӴһҽСϻƨأܲʹô 
ȴǰһһӰҡ 
磿ҲĿɿڴǴźɫƷ˲̷˭ 
ܿҾ׹ıɱû˭ٷ̫һ˶˰ɣ̷˳뿪ʱ͸ˣֻұ̫ˡ 
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ԸᱻͺӡҺԼͷеûġ 
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ѵҶ᳾ûײû̿ͿȴҪˮ˵ˮѿ 
ֵǣﲢûжٶĿ־壬ֻЩź֪û˻ģһ޵ģ̷أǲҲΪ᣿Ҷ᳾ǳ 
ʶԶȥУҷ·˽ĺ 
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ԵشӺ汧ס 
һ̫ҽƣ߳ 
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ֻҪϢͻḴԭ˭̷֪ŽüǸ̿Ҳǡ 
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һûüʣȰ˴ˡ̷Цҡͷ 
ҲգȻеӽд̣Ȼ޾ˣҲʲʲôġҲ޿κΡ 




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Уٴζס졪ȻԼĴ 
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ֻǸӰС׾϶մѪҷѪе۾ȴӣƺԿһֿ̹ǵĳޡ 
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ǰҿʱҲءЦص 
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ʲôذ̫˵ˣҲس 
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ʲô֣ͬذעŵԽźһϡ 
ԵĳĬ꾹һۣ 
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ƺ˵㷴Ӧ̧ͷĿɨҵұҴʱȴ³֣亮 
亮һ²ŷӦ֣ɿЦѣֱֺ 
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׵İ鱯硣ҰֹǰĹˣѾҵͬˣµ󣬶ԶȻûк³ 
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ҪʵǣǶԸò亮ҡ 
áҺԥػش 
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Įޱȵİ˸֣ͬ㴩͸ҵģ̇ͷ̷ѿ֮ݡһ亮˵ģһֱ֪ģ̫ӵ°ɣ 
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ҲϰĹϵ̷ĺͥҪֻǲָҲ޷ƽˡ 
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Ѿһ˿Ȼ֣ԼȻһ˵˯տһϣ 
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˵ô֪¼ݱˣ˭ģϹȻץҵļһɻҵĹͷ 
ҲµĲаҲʾغȥ 
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ĬĬطŴϹȻʲôʱߵĶ֪ 
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ꡱһЦ˳ű˵ģڻȺ򡣡 
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ҲûС뵱ʵۣҪǻȴǰȥ̣ȥŹ֣ 
ﲻǸ˵ӡ 
ҰͷԸȥã뿪ﻹЩɱҡ 
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Ȼӣڱ̫һʺŵ 
ˣ²̫ϹȻûпһۣڱĽԵ㣬ľӭսЯǴıѻʯȡֻ̫ӣδĻʵϣʿ 
˵Ҳʺ̾˿ֻ̫Ӵδ 
ûսľ顣ϹȻݵʺģȻԸβξЭ̫ͬӳ 
ˣȻġ֮⣬ͬˡ 
Ŀɿڴȴڲ֪ξܾʹʺָ˵ЩʲôûֻǻеƵĵͷȻҲû⵽ȥʱѿɫ 



ص̫ӵ̷񶼱ҵıһʾϴţ漴һѾסһϹȻ½𣺡쵰ΪʲôҴòǲǣ 
侲һ㣡ϹȻһƽӡ 
ô侲Ҹ̰ 
ҺһȥʲôϹȻص 
һȥŸأ˭֪᲻ְҸˡֹ 
ϹȻֺֺЦʵ㣬췴Ҫʲô 
췴һ㶣⻰תҲ̫Զ˰ɣ 
ǱȨһԵѿڵ 
ǱȨϹȻ˵ͷ漴һǻܰȫıȨв֮ĵ𣿽ȥƽңø죡ҶȻǲúȫʬ 
ұһǵģ˵˵ôʲô 
ϹȻ˵Ͳңһƽǵƣ֪ΣҲúöסӣгжҲҪȫѾ氲⣬Ҫע⽭Ķһ磬һѾطˡ 
֪ô֣صؽӹơ 
㣬ϹȻ̷һۣǲ뿪̫ӵģͬɣ 
̷һ죬ԵӦˡ 
鰲ŵô֪ܵԼӲˡ 
찡Ҳ̡밡 



˵ս²뾩Ƿ£οδУһа̣Ҳ֮ˡϢ˹ܣ֪ǺϹȻ뾩£Ҳöܣ̷ֻ絽棬ϣȻǵ𽵹һζ 
峿Σ۵ǣмһҲֻг˳ˡ 
ԭǳǾӣĿĵսĻ;ͦģϾԴһûءҳů紺̷Ա飬Ȼû۵ļһ͸ˡ 
ϹȻԳǷ˻ʺ֮Ǵ߲ɵģһǱϹȻѯǰսݣΪϤҲˡ 
ݸϳʱҲûϳȻϢ˹һ棬ʱһۡ뵽ϴֻϺľװ˹ʶĿ 
ûȤ˵ʲô£˹̷㷢ҲеˣԴ˳һֱһ˯ѡȻеįڻվǼǳĿ顣 
˵ҲҲ⣬ѵԭĳֻ治ɣȻǸҲٰÿ̷綼۵²˴һ˯ȴˬ裬̷ֲŮˣ 
أ˵Խ˵Խ˷ܣɽͼ̯˿˵ָֻš˵ʲôֱΧʲôģû 
нٶȺܿ죬ƿֻǻɳĹٵżмˣԶԶ֧Ҳر˿ȥ 
֪˶ãͣʼ 
ǵķȥģһŷһ˵òֺսҰ˸̷ۣ硣 
е˺޷ӦȻ᲻ãǷǵóԵģòǿаŪѡһƣģһ¾ԺҪһˡ 
оȻ̫õĶȻ̫ӣҲֻз缦֮Ķʵ߲ˮǲеģʹˣҲǰѧУʳõĻʳöˣ 
£ϹȻ극»³һ߰ɣ´ϢҪˣһ½ǵĻҲֻгˡ 
һ£ڹ𣿿⣬û̫ǴӶµġϵ˴죬ЩᱳʹҲĬ˵Ȼ̷ǿ϶ҵġ 



λȥ̣û𣿡ݿڻζĳţԥʡ 
ŰɣϹȻεʼ 
ţݲ۾ 
ô˵ҲδĻʵ۱£ҲİɣϹȻЦЦ 
ʵۣôагǰĻʵۡݿЦ 
ϹȻһ£漴Ц 



ۡǾӰ 
˵Ķ飬ȴһ˿ÿ˶£˷ڵľԱ˶ھϢ֤о 
£Ҫߵ̫Զˡ̷ѡ 
ʲôҲΪȻм䣬ѵдң 
Ҳ˵ǴӺ洫ģתͷֻϹȻҲ˹ 
һһ첻Żһ»ȥһʲôӣ 
Թţǰһɱ 
ʲô£ϵɳȥ̽·ʿӭȥ 
ｫǰɽ·̽档 
ʲô˵һ飡˭·ˣݼԼĶˡ 
潫ɽ 
ɽٹپһ뾩ǰ·̵ġӽ¡˴㵲ѣҲɽȤȥ֪ˣ 
ǧ֮壬գСǰȥʰɡǰ 
ɽʲôΣյģҵȴɵסȥ·ɽҲйң֪ǲǴҾпһ˿ͱġ 
е𣿲ҧ̷ⲻʶļһɨϹȻȿˣȤȥҲ޷ 
ʦݵ 
ϹȻִĻЦظһ䣺޷ 
ˣҲ޻˵һ̽ĴŶǰͷȥ 



߲˶ãͿǰ·м䣬һӽһлӡţƺΪߵԶûûжҲŵˡ 
̷ϰԵȥγΪ˷ңصػһϡ 
ץס֣ 
ϹȻĸڣҿ᲻δ̷֣οݿȥҲܲأ 
վں档ݵ˵һ䣬ϹȻߵеĿյϡ 
У۸Ҳ书ȥһҪаңҲƲƲ죬ĻվڽγɵıȦڿ֡ϾһȺлӣĳͷҲܹ˵ġ 
ӽ£ǳеعپǺεݵ 
׵Ŀףĵڶ䣬Ͳ˵ʵô 
漸л㿴ңҿ㣬ðƳһͷģͰ͵صң룬̫ӵһˣҡ 
󵨣û˵꣬ԱߵĽѷ׷׺ǳݳҲ˽ϣͼٳֵ£ 
ҳ췭˸ۣôܣôʮлӣ̷һһֻ֣ʮӾȫƽˣеǰȻô 
ȻǽлӽĻȴſ£롭ȥ 
סڣݲ֪ǸǸЦתͷŭйڸղ̽ϣЩ˵ġɽ 
ǣǵģ̽ͷðһ亹 
ǵΪѾ˾񣬺οͼٳ̫ӣųնҲΪϹȻº͵صҲûˣҾ༱ڸϸսϾͣǾʹȥûɣ 
˵ϹȻܲ˵ǷǳźģȺлȻ£ȴû˿˺ɵǵıؾ֮·ϡ 
Ȼ֣ȴҲǵϾƾʮ˺Կɲ˵ġ 
¿ɲʶǣиɰɣ̲סڡ 
̫ӵ£ȺһҿǵýҲȦڳһٴеӡ 
һΣҲôˣҾǡ 
̫һҪȥʮһӶǿԱΪĶˢˢع£ͣؿʼͷ 
һ㶣æܹȥҿִˣô˹ŶҲͣͷһӾˣҪ֪ϿɶǼʯͷļͷĻͷѪģ 
£̷ûϵһͻȻܹȥʱѱһ¡ 
ʱͻԭʹͷĽлͻȻ̧ͷһ⣡ 
ҵӻǰƣû尵ģѵʺ 
£˭Ҳû뵽ǻһ֣ûܼʱӦ 
СģĿͻȻǰһ漴һʹȴǱ˵ڵءȻʯͷĵۣǵþ˰ɡ 
ץ̿ͣ£ֻһȥ 
Ⱥ̿ۼһУƺҲ֪ڴǰֿˣ־ܡ 
ιݣ㻹ðɣʹѹϵˣ˾;˻ʲô֪Ϻʹ 
ݣϹȻɫһ䣬ݣŷϾһ 
ι㡭û°ɣһĻţԽ˵ԽС 
жˡ̷ѽҷ 
ϹȻݱϰγһĳ롣 
ҲȻʧɫⶫͿֲȻ˰һӰ˵ٿݣȴû֪ССһ룬Ƕ 
롣̷ 
ϹȻһԲָ磬ʮѨ 
ιǸʲô룬ûнҩʣȻҿСӲ˳ۣûҪοΪ˾ҡ 
˶޽⣬ҿѶƳֻǶѵʱˡϹȻ˵ţݱ 
ûã˿ 
㣬Ѩʱ䶼ûУһغˣϹȻһۡ 
ҵͷ˵ʵҲ޻˵ҪͻȻ˵ġ 
ǴˣڼлϹȻһ䡣 
ȷ˵д̷Ź棬֪˭ġʴ̿ͣƺǾ˸ҪǸϹȻˡ 



磬°ɣҿһͣ 
·İɡ̷Ȼôһ仰οҡ 
ԭشתһﰵϹȻ˵ʲôƶʱ±˴ţ̫Ӿ֮⣿д 
һůͷȴ̷罫һҼϡѾƫ̫̲ס̾˿ 
ˣ 
ĬУϹȻ 
ôˣæȥ 
ǡϹȻɫһ˿κ졣 
ȥһɣ 
̷ĬĬصݹȥһ˿ 
ллϹȻӹȥͷĺˮ 



ݾԭҵϣϵĺȻˣȡ֮ģһƬѩһİסԭӽرţһᡣȻ˫۾ʱŶҵӣȻ 
£඾δ壬òҪϹȻ̷Ҳڣ漴һ𣬿ʼǰ 
ôˣע⵽ɫѿ 
Ⱥ̿ͶԾˡϹȻ޺޵صҩԤȲڿеģϴֶ 
ʿҵһ죬ûʲô캦鰡ô˺ҵֵزԸôҲҪزɣ 
֮𣬵ȥﶼҪ̷飬յΪԲٷϹȻ 
֪ˣҲ׽ŪӶҵĴֻʵʵشӦˡǽ̷ңҪһǻɱҰɣ 
֪ΪʲôеϹȻǸɱֲֻĴڣҲֻǸһʱֳĸо·еж͸ġҲΪΨһ֪Ҳ̫ӵ˰ɡ 
Ҫʲô飿ˣ 
֪;λûйϵϹȻţ漴ҡҡͷԼ뷨ܣûǸƤ¸ôĪǡ 
ι뵽ʲôˣ˵׷ʵ 
ûʲôϹȻƲûиҵ˼ 
˵Ͳ˵ϡҰһܸôжҲôһˣ磬ô 
㵹ǸϹȻһ 
ߣ¿Ǵһţҵصǽ֮ңУйԹûֹͣûʶҲ̫ˣĻ² 
ɫͿȾˣ֪ߵغ񣡡ϹȻһЦ 
ιιôҲ̫ӣӲаɫʱһ塣 
ߣϹȻңָֻݰ˰ 
ʲôʱѰҲȥ 
ɡϹȻ 
һߵ̷翴ңֿϹȻüͷš֪ϹȻʲôݣȴ˵ 
ػߣһôֵжصķֱңӦñֳĬ 




  



ԶгҲиյ㣬¹ΰĳǽѳǰΡȻƣ˿ľӹأһ֮ԭӦɫĳǽϣɼһ߲İɫۼԼ۶ϵļʸǹꪣȥĹսǺεȵĲҡ 
һ·ϣҲѹΣÿѲ˶ñֳ˯ȥϹȻ̷ͨ඾ټҵϸչˣ¹صʱȻ˯ŵʱѵʱ࣬ȴǵزˡ 
ټعصĽ죬ȡ㱨ŽפȻϹȻȴҲòһ·ţҪһҺܶӡϹȻĻ˵õݣҲҪװһµġУôôȻǰụ̂ʮơӱ֮Ҳ٣Ʋ߳͹Щܵˡ 
룬ҿɲ˵ϾǲڵϴϷ˻һǼ¡ 
òæ꣬һͷԵڴϣ۵Ҳ 
ӣһȺӣôõȥɿ϶ܵùھֶʣϵ죬ͷɢˣҿǼȲйѵҲϹȻ壬ֻǸͨ˰ 
ĻһůȫʹĽǡ̷֪һָƣͣ̾˿˯˹ȥ 



һҹǱѵģһ죬û˯ܲô 
´ԭƣȴ̷ſ˯ˡҴһ£ͷһôԱôϸģȴ֪ܲչԼ¹صҹý˯һҹ첻Źءϰ֮˶Ϊڹܵģ˾Ͳ 
ȥ˯ȴ¾εüһظϣȻȥ 
أһ˹˺һûҵԼķ䶼ҲˡҸʣȴƫƫû˾ 
ˣ 
ȻһưӰҴϲ֮£æ׷˹ȥιȵȣ 
ǰİͣһ£תͷȴһ㶡 
ｫû𣿡ҹݣһʱ֪˵ʲôá 
û¡̫ӣݵؿңôһΣСĲҪ̿͡ 
㲻Ҫǻ̺òãе𣿡ֻܿЦѣ˯ŵʱһӣһͿ̱ҪѹֻϹȻ͵ 
Ҷ̫ӵ²¶ˡݵ 
Һ޵ֱҧҶģǿңСӶó 
£¸ˡݶһҲҴ𻰣תߡ 
վסһץסļ򣬰Ӱ 
ҵƢãҲûһ仰ܼĵزݣ׼ŭҵı¡ 
»кηԸҲֻһƽʡ 
ԣʵ˫۹⿴ҵ۾ 
ҵˣһ㲻˵ҾͲߵӡ 
䵭ҶһڿڵǾˡ 
ΣĲסҲϹȻóǾˣʲôϵ 
ˡֻǿߡ³һ仰׾ҵȥ»ǿطúã˭֪ûбĴ̿͡ 
ǿߣˣ˰ΣͻȻЦãݣｫΪ˸һƺˣһҪ㿴˭ǿߣ 
¹ص£ĵһԡ 
 
ѽĶˣſĶһС 
ڱǿ֮ǰȽ±ɣһӣҸӿĺ׳־ͲӰ 



Ҳǵôصҵˣļʵ۵òе㿿һϾ˯ˣʱѾԼĴϡ 
Ǹ㵣ˡЦ̷ 
̷类ҺľٶŪôһ£Цռ˱ˣİϴ㣬һ˳ʣأ 
ڳǽ̷ͣһ£ڹﻹ˯ģֻеһˡ 
𣿡ҺǺǵЦţȻսߺ 
̷ֿһۡұԹˣн 
³Թ򵥵ͣſɶҶҪ֪ҵ磬ȥѺսصļȫù 
ȫڣ̷ɻظһ顣 
ԣȫڣҿһӣйεصô˵Ҳ¹صͳ˧˽һսҲӦõġҲΪ̫װεİɣ 
ôװأ̷΢ЦԴյµ¹غ󣬹ڵʿǰδеظǣǵµĹ͡ 
ҿЦҡҡͷⲻҪġʹңֻҪһ̫ӵͷΣʿЩ˭ʱʿôƭġ 
һ̷ͱһϡ 
ͷһҳҳ̯ϸЩ󲿷ҶôĶսͼ϶עͣȥϹȻıʼǸӣѲһҹڿЩ 
̷ʱĲ˵£ŶݵǿԹŭİеĶһ顣 
ǲôӡǿ¹ز£򶬼٣òʱ󳷣·̵³פȻǲܳ״ʮ괺ǶȻٴνʧȥ޷ջءҪǣǴܺʵ۳ʬ뱱֣֮һ֮ʬҲҪزС 
ŬʷƵսɣ͵Ϯ³õķ˭֪ô͵Ϯ¹صļһܣҪɾ͵Ϯ֣ܲ³ǸҲȷʵɽɻͬ⣺·̣ܲȫء 
йʷսж٣ˮ֮ս֮ս񶼲ǰ 
£ЪЪɣ̷ΪһһȲ衣 
û£ҡͷ˼ڤ롣ʮơճǼƣ˼ƣƣƺҮ 
ϸÿһϸڣдʱرлʱѧУʹ޵Ҫ鷨ΣȻдֶᣬǿɳˣ 
£ˣУϹȻ߽ 
£ͷҲ̧ص 
û¡ϹȻüֳѹµĵͼ˵е϶°ˣֻõҵͼ 
ߣҼæд󼸱ʣιսƻΣ 
ҲϹȻЦЦȻӹֽȴȻû档ĿһǲҲ̶õëϣɫˣģ 
ǵȻϻ㵱ǲèҵصƻҿ޷죬Ȼ⡣ 
ϹȻƺС˵־ӣһЦǼƻ㣬˵һ֧ӳأǶˣ֪͵Ϯ³Ҫٱô³⣬ôӥĿôܹǵĿЩ㿼ǵûУ 
ҡĿɿڴ˵ 
оͲô׸ʲôҿĶһǴ֪ܴ˼ҵĵ 
ҲһǴһɥʱϹȻȴùһֽɿдһһսƻѵϡ 
룬дļֱ֮𡣼ƻҵǸƻйոᵽЩ⣬ԼһЩϸڷȫϸָʾĽҲָɡȻרҵĺҵľǲһ 
㻹ôϹȻ˱ʣȥټڽúñˣ̫ӵ£ 
ҮҴؿıӰǸޱȽޱȿ̱ϹȻղŵǾ仰ҿΪڿ𣿺ǺǺǡҲɵЦǾʲô˼úñ֣ҮҪսƻɣ 
£ʦҪ̷һѡ 
ҿļƻ顣 
ãǿҶ᳾ҲǺ۸ģ 



뿪¹أֱ³ǣȴûǣһ֮Ӫկһڣֳɼӳկóھľսҵ֣³ؽĵڳǽϹһҹȻڶһ磬˻¹أֻһӪ 
³ǵı׼⣬ɴسǳأóս 
ڶҹԭߵĽȴֻˣƺԮĶ飬٣һҹֳˡҹˡ 
ͳùǺµ˵ĿսӲǷԸʿֻسǣᡣ 
ҹҲ۵ùǺûɧšͨӥϢҲȷѻص¹ء³ر˿ԺúϢˡϵĽűսҲܲˡ 
죬ʼףҹֽȥԭ滹ƵʿҲģʼ 
Ȼʱ³ǸɽȴĵһӴʿͷľһװȴݡԭڹֵڻ½һʿɽܹһǾеľһȻУ͵ϮȴǴ´ˡ³Ǻֻסգ¹شͿɿ³ԱûʹĳУòڴѩ·ǰعڡ 
ȻЩǰҿǵģҲЩƶļƻֻǶȡ³Ƕѡ 



¹ء 
£Ǳ˿ӣ»ǰʧȥġϹȻ 
ҺܽŰǴ̰һòԣ̲סվ 
ǵ²ȥЪŰɣ³ǷսҲôˡ̷΢΢һЦ 
ǲǣεؿһۣҪ˯ţһô 
ǲ㰲ˡϹȻĵͼվʱˡ̷磬µİΣͽˡ 
ǡ̷ƽشӦ 
ô죿Ϣûֵʡ 
ʤˣҪפ³ǣԷˣˣҲҪӦˡϹȻһۣ㲻㡣ôսˣȴƫƫЩϱҪ 
ͲҪôҵԹһ䡣 
ʲôϹȻû׷ʡ 
˵ҧҧ˵Һһȥ 
㣿ϹȻһ£ЦͱȥˣʱҪ˱㡣 
µİȫҸ𡣡̷羲زһ䡣 
Ҿ֪ˣҸ˵§ס̷һ¡ԭΪҵİȫһǼҷء 
㸺𣿡ϹȻ˵Щȡ 
ġ̷ֻǶ̶֡ 
Ҳգ㰮ȥȥɡϹȻҲͬˡʤܸߣȥ³Ƕ벻о 
Үһæȥʰֻһ㵡 
ͬ⣬Һ⡣̷ 
أΪʲôͬȥϹȻʵΣղ󣬲ûΣաҾ֮УΪһܻȫ 
ֻҪһţһû¡̷Ц嵭ͬƵᡣ 



ԪͶʮһԶһ֮ʦҹϮ³ǣƱȡ³ǡ漴ǿأסʮ򱱺ҹУʮɱϳǽˡհ¹ؾפ³ǣ³ǹսʱһ䡣 
ۣҹϮ³ǵҴ߲ǧˣлǧ˴Σģ̶ͬȵƣһáͳ˧ݸʮˣս𼴻ԲѡȻѪս֮ȴͨⳡѪսñ̹ģ 
̤³ǵʱȻû³ҲѪѬɫҰףҡҡ׹ƽʱʬûοδüɨսֱǽϵǲȱȫʬ壬ǺӵˮȾ˺ɫͬһѪӡ 
㲻ҪˡϹȻԱߵ 
Ǽ𣡡ҧҧŬڳһɫ 
áϹȻɶЦЦ 
вδ⵽̫ƻֻΪ˵Ĺǣ˲񷿲ĵĹľʯһЩ޼ҿɹ顣 
ϹȻԭ³̫æƺˣҲﲻæɴ̷ÿݡ 
Ȼ˸һӿͷԭӦڴ˵ȴվͥԺУɵطԸ¸ǡ 
ˣȥһ𡣺ôҲ̫ӣڽ֪˴δʤĲԳ֣ҵ۹ͬһ𣬳ݺ̷磬ȫԹԵȥ 
ĪҪ´񡣡ݿҵ۹ȻûȴŨŨĲ 
ôǵã˵ҪڴϾģҺηص 
ֻһЩƤ֮ˣ¡ݵ 
£΢ЦƵͻȻ֣᲻صҼһ¡ 
šһƺߣӲǰһͷð顣 
û£дһ˿ΣգתͷԸ磬طٽдһˡҪ͸Ұڴϣ 
£̷Цõؿҡ 
㣬ңͨ졣 
ΪʲôңЦеشȥǲ书ô˵ǰҲթ֮£»ûģ۸һԱһⶼûУ 
㡭ᡣ 
泩طЦò׿н죬һڶʹ켫ˡ 
ｫҿ㲻Ҫұȥɣ̷ǳЦ 
ãԼߣֺݺݵһۣ˦ͷߡ 
ұ볰Ц䣬һɣ˵ˣﶼȥʱģԭݲǺܳڵˣòֻȲ̷Ŀʣ޷ϹȻɰķᲢۡԽԽζࡣ־Ͷ¶ĵŵģ΢Ѭķ飬Ծʱĵףһ˲ĸ֡ 
˵ա 
ｫҳ˼䣬̷ľ 
һ̧ͷֻ֧Ųסһôʱᵹȥ 
Ҹȥȴе˶Һˣ̷ֻЦһ磬ȥѴɣ 
ǡ̷翴ңЩԥ 
û£ȥؾˣ 
ǡ̷ӦһһαѲӰ 
ǵģһϲǿֹǰ˳ֽݱͤбܷĵط 
ſҡ΢üҪҵĻ 
㰲һ㣡ҸձѹȥĻðϸеʪģһǺɫѪҼϵ˿ڱҸղһģѿˡ 
ҵȻ֪Ѿϵ˿ڵڶѿʱʹЩΡѪֹܲУ˰Ҳûҵʱ˿ڵĶֻ˺һ½ 
֣Ҫңݵͺš 
ҪǲùԹԵر𶯣Ҳˣǿס˫֣ѡ 
˿ڵİɫѱѪˮ͸ȻҳԾǣԭʵϸļԾ£һݺύ˺ۡˣˣˣҿʲô˵˿ڡҲȻһôô˰̣ǳǳĺۼǾ˼ˣοЩҾ㲻ǴҲóսϵġˣʲôĹȥ 
Һ㡣ݷˣֻǽյ˫Ŀˮ⡣ 
˺ĵ׵ľɴǼ̵ܲ£һʱ޴룬֪ΰο 
ֱѪ䵽ҵֱϣҲŻȻ򣬼æеĲסѪ˿ڡ 
ޱްɣֻǣҪˣҵĻᶼûˣ 



 



  ڰ 



ô°˿ڣƺ˺ܶ࣬ҲҵĴǰִҰɾ·ǵģһûҵ̫ӿҵķˡ 
ʱҲŷֻ֣ҪǱ·ڸǵĵط˺ۣǱճشһֲȱ 
ֻȻ˵ҲԸȥ˼ҵ˽Ըչ˺֮󣬾ʹ̷ȥϹȻ 
û߼ɾϹȻҵˡ 
㻹겻ɢεҡͷ 
ϹȻһЦòΪȡ³սͽ˰ɣ 
ҪôҲʣȡ³ǱͲòˣ˵ģ 
ߣϹȻÿ׳յ۹⿴һۣʮ˵ĴսôϢؾͽȻʵڱ˺¹Աĵط˽ѣûս޸⳥İã㶼ùˣ 
⡭Ҳƿԡ 
ҲûڴЩϹȻ±ʣͷһֻҪһ¾ˡ 
ʲô£˵ֻһ£Ҹձȵ׵ֻ 
̸УϹȻҲӣɴص̸С 
ҺðŷӦ˼һУҪҲȥ 
ȥҲȥϹȻһߣΪҲȥָҪ̫ȻͻȻ塣 
Ҳδ̫˰ɣҿ֪ˡ 
һȴǱ̷簵סˣǵůղİ֪۶ôΣգһֱҡ 
ʲôʱ򣿡ƽһ顣 
ϹȻǽյһۣҪȻ͵³ǣҲڴѩ·ǰعڣһܿ죬ҿԼ߰պɣ 
ô찡š˵ӸԾ֪㲻ҲϣϵԽԽãһϲ˶á 
̫ӣʦ⴫ݵˣѺڸȺټ 
ϹȻ¶һ˿ϲɫʳ궬Ӧò̫ǣֻҪӦͺˣ 
ʳսصİգ˼ 
šĲ֣Ϳ̸ܴӱҪضˡϹȻƺ˺ܶࡣ 
ǰɣ㲻Ҳ˵ʳԼˣܸǡҲϣص 
˭˵ҪʳˣϹȻ˽ǮëƤ˲εȱزȻ㹻ʳ 
ҡҲֹĻҲһ˿ܵĽˡҪʧˣ½궬кܶʧɣҵĻûӲһз޶Եĵز 
ˡűˡ 
ϹȻ 
ˣ֪һ˺òðҺ˼ţ˼ƮطľȥˣֱһˣϹȻıʡžһڵϡ 
ӳԾҺؿףǸѺ١ 
ûʲô԰ԲԲ۾С˵㣬Ҳûȱ첲ȵģô°ɣ 
Сģ̷һѽҲ˽ϡ 
ôˣҿһͷˮ 
û¡ϹȻѻָеĴݡ 
亮μʦѺǰһ񣬷·Ҳڡ 
û뵽һﾹô鷳ϹȻЦЦ漴޺޵ؿһۡ 
ңôˣ亮ǲǡ 
Ҿݵ꣬亮дҵĴ̿ͣ 



صԼķ䣬һЩججģϴ̫ӵ亮ѪۣһǱͽˬӼֱˣܹûϳôˣ֪ҪɱҵĴ̿ 
£¶ȻԭģʦҲû˵ʲô𣿡̷ 
Ҳܣ˯̷粻šԴӳҾûÿڷһŴͬ齶ߵĻԼ̲ס 
ֻҪ²ֵ¡̷ͷȥ 
ǿɰôˣ죡Цۣһ§Ĳһﴵһʲô֡° 
£̷һһ 
Ǻǡд˱ҸϤ˳ƽϴһǡ 
컹ûڡ 
̷ĻֱҵǶ˻ȥûڵģв𣿲̷ҲֿԵ޹Ҳͷӣȥˡ 
Ʈ䣬һҴ 
ȻֱӺǣִòůıҶԡ 
Сĵذ̷Ǻñӣҿ˯գ̲סֵͷһ£֪ղҲۻٳȻ亮Źܲɱ˰ɣ 
¹ۡСöˣû󹤷Ҿҵ˳ڴĳӣæһγһӣһţ⡣ҲгԵľУ 
ʳط·ͥԺʱسǸͤƳһۡ 
 
ͤУһƵӰӭҹ磬Եøµį 
Ұҧгݣʹ˲ַŲģԥãںݺݵһţ߹ȥģǲײĲᰡǲҪ˰ڴſϹԹˣ 
ԼġݿҲһۣȻΪ̫ӣδĵԱȥѵܱһ 
סˣļ˫ۣ峺ƽ֪ģ֮ġ 
̾˿˸̨Թ˵ǲ֪ǰʲôǣûйȥǲģҲǿȥʹǶιȥǶôĲȥΪȥֻǹȥʲô 
֪ʲôݵ΢΢ţʲô֪ˣʲôʸУ 
ʲôֻ֪֪֣ݺݵؽڿ⸱Ӻܲˬ 
㲲ˤϣ˿ڣȻʹڳǰͱ˻ȥͷ亹ʾʹࡣ 
һˣûȥϧԼģ⣬ֺαضµ⣿ 
һعʱ򣬷ԼĴ 
ģһ˿ҩΪ֮ 
ȻһæƿٿƵˣײײ˺󼸲ŵˡ 
֪ϲ̷磬Ǻϲϲ֡ǣղһ˲䣬ӵʱĵļ¶ 
ѵһĻֳܷ룿ǰ˷ 
ֻʮ˵ʵǸ̫ص⡣ 



ڴӵڶָֻɳʱӣ䵭ɴ࣬ЩԸֻҵûȡ֮ģһ˵壬ĸ飬һ󷢻šҵ̬ȵһȲ飬ҲԶҲͰˡ 
ףǸǿˣʹǱҽҿʹĴ̣һʱʧ̬ȻǸõɥѪս񣬸Ϊġһոԭһ˼Ҳˡ 
亮ԴһҾûټ֪ǷѾؾˣҲûѯʡȥΣΣֻҪɱңʲôϵ 
ϹȻÿæòӰˣӵ¶ѹϣͲͷϵ˿ֻϼ 
֮⼴³е˾ͳ˧ˣÿ첻ڳǽָ߰һͨ쵼ĸ񫣬̷ҹ䣬ʮ׳һֻΨһջѧᾩһҪƥǰϿˣһ뵽ЩͨıҾĽҪ 
ãҪѧǣȥӪ̸Уһ̸ȽбЩ 
ڣʹ³ǡ 
ϹȻſʹҷһҵİأ治ʱ 



ʲô˵һ飡ҵɴ۾һڵϹȻ 
˵̷粻ȥҪ¡ϹȻظһ顣 
ҪҲȥһھܾЦҿǡ޸֮һȥ 
ǵµ̷ 
֪ϹȻ΢Цĵ»ʱһͷ㶼ʡ 
̷ĬȻĲ 
ϹȻ̾˿վյ̷ߵ˵˼仰 
㡭̷ȻȻǼ仰ܴ𾪡 
ϹȻͷ 
ˡ̷ڵ 
ҺܺϹȻ˵ʲô˵̷ִ磬ǣҪǣô죿 
ѾѡʿһȥϹȻ·𿴳˵Ļ 
˵ݣҲòƽҪʮµƣ߰칤Ȭ治֪ǲΪǰ̫࣬ˣ 
أȥаҼϣرԹ 
Ҫ˵ϻϹȻһۡ 
Уȥȥʲô˲𣡡һģأ㲻ͷһͷҲһɴ㡣ڵǼģٻȥ 
ӢϹȻһЦ׼һȥ 
±ء̷ݸңȻһãǴŷɡ 
ҽӹ̴µĽ׾زϡһüͷӣ̲סЦ죬ЦһЦҳ 
£̷εؿңʱЦó 
ЦȻ̾㣡 
㣡ǴεϹȻüһһŰ߳ȥ 
ϹٵģҪǼʵĻԼȥһ˼̸˵ҪģôУվûٻȥ֪Ƿӻ᲻ٰ߳ôҲ̫ӣӻ 



ԸǲԸڻΪʹ˱ľӪͬеĻݺʮϸѡʿ 
ݣ˵᲻ڴŵ֣һ򰵺žͳǿడڱʹоʣߵݣûʲôʱҾȻȵؽ֡ 
̫ˡݲ䲻ȵػش 
ǡ᲻һ߽ȥͿмһڴ涼չͣҼʡ 
¡εؿһۣƺôôϡŹֵ뷨 
ҺǺǵظЦܸܲǰӵ￴İɣϲ壬ЩÿνӼʹߣǵ֣͹ģʵӡ̡ 
̫ӵ£ҹ󽫾Ƿǳк̸ĳģĵһжܷǰ·ʹ̲ס˿ڡ 
εץץͷԭҵôԶ˶תͷĹˣȻָĲǱһЦֲЦӡ 
ЦЦСıֻԳһ䡣 
˵䣬Ѿߵһľǰʹ߿߼ǰӣ̫ӵ£롣 
ҵ˵ͷԸʮ棬߽ȥŵһɲǣ̲סؿڣȻúܼҲ֪ǿ־廹˷ܣ߼֮ 
zyzz
죬ֹһδϹȻ֡Ĵ󽫾˫ 
Ȼۼλµʱȴ̲סʧԭΪȻְԲıδ󺺣ӵļУ˵סǰȻſףȴǸ忡ľɷǵˡ˵Ǹة൹һ㣬󽫾 
ˬˬû͹֮߰ĶʿûУԼֻһĹٴˡ 
Ī̫ӵ¡ĹټҴǰһ 
λǲݡֻǹ˹֡ӿˣѧ˵䳡滰ǿԵġ 
̫ӵ¿ˡ컹һֵ³֮սｫһ֮ԵѪս֮Ȼ֮ 
ˡݵص 
ô˧Ҳף̽ɡЦЦ̧Χһ¡ 
Ȼɴ࣬Ǿ硣Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ӻͳõĺԼ˹ȥϹȻҼǲסдõģҵֻǽӦ 
бӹԼĪһ 
ĵΣɫأ˸ 
ãĪЦŵ£Щҷ˵ƺڿˡ 
ǺǣҵȻ֪̣ϹȻǿ̱ⶨݣܲôа취ǹԹԴӦ 
üͷңƺֳʱµҪôһӡ 
û취ҵȱȴҲҵŵ㡣ȻҲûãǾͻȥ˰ɣ 
ҪҪӦ¿ĵȴ΢Цţѡֵҧرء 
һʲôüͷҲչĪһأȻҲҵ˼ 
ҵİ취ܼ򵥣һ֡ϡ 
ҿԵȣԵȣȲˡѩҪˣʱ̸ȻҲ֪ʲô棬ٿԿ϶ǵĴԱȱǿ 
ھ 



̸еҸһжʮҲòʱڱӪС첦˼ʸǰãʿúԶײţȻҲǻߡ 
̫֮һռһӪʣȻҲʵįýʱҪ̷ھͺˡ 
޷ǿ֮ĶҲбķζһǰ뼸ֵڽҰӪտһпҲͻȻ˸뷨ع̷񣬵̫ӵĻ԰տȥζȻ 
ʵģһʣ׼ȥݡ 
¡ſڵʩ 
ȥｫԽԽϰ쵼Ŀˡ 
ǡܿһСЩӪǰ 
ҷԸſڣ˽ȥ 
㡭·ݴؿҡ 
һοһ˺ҾþĶǣ治֪ҽʱأǲʱ 
µش£߹Ϊҵһ裺ҹã֪кҪ¡ 
ģ˵˵ơЦеؿȴûȥǱ裬Ĳζ̫أҲϲ 
²ġݰһ͵ӡ 
Ҫô̾˿Ʋѡ 
Դһҹݾرܿңǿҵʱ۾ҲЩ˵ĶΪǿȴƿˣ 
£ˣȥЪŰɡݵ 
˯šҲ밡ûеûϷС˵ûУҸ죬ôҹ 
ˣֱЦ 
ˣֲٿ⡣سȻ䣬ͷһ֪ԼΪʲôᱻˡ 
ֻݣûаҵɸ߸ϵĻ̫ӣֻǰҵһͨദʱΪûöңʹҸĹˣȴҲûиҶ̫Ӧе𾴡ڻʹȾ󲿷˶Ȩƴ˸ָӡǣֻɱűɫ 
ҲңֱһЩ֪ʲôļ 
ϵ¯Ʈһ̣ζǶˣģҸоһ˿⣬Ȼ˯Űش˸ǷҲԼſϵġ 
УԼݵʶѾģҲ˵ʲôֻЩˣȻӱƶˣƺǰᵽ˴ϡҺΪʲôѹƤôҲô˳˯С 



֪˯˶ãͻȻѹ 
ȼյĳȣҹҲ˯˲һСʱȴСӴȴһת 
ôģʹ˦˦ͷʡǰͬɾְصվſڣʵｫأ 
һ£ȴǻشҰ֣һ£˵ 
磡ֱͦͦصȥ 
һæ̽̽رϢŵģȴӲĪǾǴ˵еĵѨҰš 
ܿҾͰȫӪһ飬ͬʮ˵Ѩ˺֪ľͷˣΨݲӰ 
˯ǰǸ˵ĵðһɲĸоӪȥ 
ԽߣԽ⣬ȻǵĿغܷģԶǰ˲ؾġڵһؿãȶˣʿȴվ˶ûһ̲סǰȻҲѨ 
׵߳˱ӪһͷЩ˼顣Ҳݲҿôˣÿҵݣʲô²У 
ӪĵطһƬֻ֣Ǹľ˴ӪկͬʱҲֹ͵Ϯͻսνһáǣ˴ɽվȫģ߲СʱҾ͵ֱԵ 
Ҫȥǲܻ³ǱȽϺã뷨ҵԺＤҵؽսҵݵİΣǰƬڳʵͷƤ顣 
ڣǽռϷ硣³ǰɣϹȻȥͷۺˣ 
¶Ҫ뿪ʱﲻԶžһǶ⣬Ȼ˵ܺðӲˣҵΥˣ 
һǸײʲôÿĶ˰ɣҪǱ֣ɱھˣ뵽æסСĵغˣ뿪ط 
Ȼ㲻㣬ִһ仰ӲסҵĽŲ̫ӵ»Ǹûʵۣ۹ǿʢģҲǧˣ 
ݣݵ 
ûͷͰԣ˸ѵĲȻ󲦿Ҷ⿴ȥ 
е龰һ 
ݳɢҼһƬ죬԰׵ǻһ˿ѪһӻƵĳ˺䣬¶ƬļվһߴĽӣȻҿòɢɱ㹻ˡ 
㵽Ӷݺݵʡ 
ҧŴҡͷ 
ӿܵݣԼҪʲô£ֻŭЦʲôôô 
¶ҿɫ̫ӻϣ£սѾˣһսĻжʿ䣬ٰҪʧȥĺ̡ 
£ҵʱһġ磡Ƕӳ磡 
Щڱθɣ㣬һЦ̧ס°ͣȻɫɱȱùκг趼Ҫˡ 
šͻȻһȻǳʲôĵط֡ 
ȻܾңɢǿŭôˣߣҲǣͲǾӣߣвԵĵ 
ǡݻճڣѱݺݵذڵء 
͡ѲƵɴѳ룬޳˫Ҳǿд򿪡 
¶һεЦݣ۾Ѿϰˡ˳ӵĻٳԵͷ 
ס֣ԼûӦʱ˵ˡ 
˭һȣſݣҲĵط 
Ҵһ£Ц߳ 
£ݿңǴһ£漴Ѫɫʧ 
̫ӵ¡Ҳ΢һ£ܿͷӦ 
û˼ҲԸ𣿡ҽŲֱͣߵߣ޴Ŀ£סӡ 
̫ӵºõɫһ翴ҵͣǳ 
û°ɣҷݣɢĳʹؿ΢΢ա 
£Ϊʲôң 
һһҲǣҲǣϲеĶԼѵҾôֵ𣿡ʵЩйһǱӣжĻҲˡ 
ǵҲôŭ 
Ǹ㻹ڡҺôʱЦóȷʵûһ˿һĿ־塣ƪԭɭɭ֣֪ʲôʱʼһְĵĸо 
㣬ãһ߹ǴˣʹûȻɢޱѹֵơ 
£Ҫһѽ 
ҪǿʲôȤƵģ书ҽ̵ģΪùң 
£ؽƵһߣγ 
£򲻹ץסս֣ѽң 
ˣȻˣǾȥһͬԧˣһЦʵĵ 
ÿĵ 
ҿʱ򣬵ѽǰ 
ݶҵĽһӵϴĻȴϵĽɳȥ 
Ȼܵ⵶ҲнЦţǺ޻ɵһ 
ؿ٣һ˲䣬ֻһͷҲҪˡһҧ͵رת˸ 
ɣ㿳ңȻͰ綨Ϊұ𣬲һģҲû취ˡ 
Һ˼ţȴûиеʹ 
 
ɵתͷɴ۾ 
ѸĵһֻץסˣҲˣƮҡҷ̷磿 
磡ҲϲһȦǻ 
˪̷硣ҧгݵص 
̷ӡ̷ܵǰץס˼ҵĵŵĻ 
磡Ҿ֪ҷģЦеߵߣɫĳ硣 
Ƿˮת 
ݣ뱳ˡ޺޵ضݣĴ֮һ̷̫ߵϢҲûң 
ҡݲ̷֪磬ֿҡ 
ҲûЦԩݣʱ϶̷ҵг裬ÿһۣĻ֪ݣҵȻôĵȥҴ 
£̫ѿˡҲһۣԸķĵӦöʵĻУһѡԭһ˵ĵطðȫװʿģҲбġͷˣȻϹȻ졣 
Ҳ㻳Լ۾ˣûü˵ʲôһʵʵ˱ʿ˳ 
Īҿ˵ʧ˳ 
£㹴ᱱ泼ĪڱӪдɱ̫ӵ£ͼսȻƽ˹ͣڻʺ֧˳صǻΪۣôϹȻʡ 
Σɺͽһд̽䣡ó˵ݡ 
ðʧ̵ܹϡϹȻһЦ֮ǰұ֪ȫ̼ƻñǼᣬʵѱ·ΧķأҲڴĸˡıı췴ġ 
ܣһ𣬡ĸ 
ʺо仰㡣ϹȻص˵ĻʺȻĸס 
ۡһѪҲҡҡ׹ 
ıҵ£ϹȻһ¡ 
ʱѵڳݲϡ 
ιſݲҳһ 
ͬıȻû֣Ҳܾʹ˵ˡϹȻ 
˭˵ͬıˣҷŭص 
£йϹȻЭػҡ 
²Ϊ飬Ӧáޱ飬·ϵĵƵġ 
㡭 
ϹȻʿ佫Ѻߣ漴תͷлЭ 
ң˧ҲҪлΪұĪϸ΢Цŵ˧ȸˡ 
ߡ 
ͷβˣǲǣȱһߣһѾסϹȻ½ 
һ£̸һ¡ϹȻҵ֣ˣ»践رӪ 
ʲôһУ˻ 
̷磬ĵҺػˣȥɣϹȻң̷ֱ 
ʲôҸղԵ˺üͷҺݺݵصϹȻһ̷ۣߡ 
ʦһʿƺ˵ʲô 
ϹȻЦֹסĻ漴һ̾ 



صӪ̷ܿͽ⿪˱ƵѨˢˢǰĻһᷳɢȥ߽ݵӪʣлŵ㡣 
¡̷£˽ 
ұһҪο 
̷ȴüϵ¯һң㣿 
㣿ʲôһ㶡 
˵㡣̷˵ţֽʣµҵһһ磬΢Ŀ˳ȥ 
Ҷʱеһ壬ӿֻ˯ĸоҲûˣ 
ţͨˣûʱѲġ̷翴ңƺΪʲôôˡ 
ҸЦԼΪִˣСʲôĴ̫ˣĿҲǿˣ֮Ķ𲻵Ӧеðɡ 
»Һ;ʦ⡣̷˳ұŰڴϵԭƻõ˯һһͶȥˡȴõΣա 
ⲻĴ¶ıЦһЦҿһԸе£Ҹ»ţǼְеԼϣһ˵ҿĵطȥѹ 
̷ǿЦЦһ 
ұֽ˽ֳָݵӡûȥƶƻʱûпǵҪɱô죬Ҳȥ⡣ͺ֪ݾԲ˺ҡ 
ȼ˾ͷһ»𻨣ϨˣһƬڡ 
ڻɽȴûֵ顣 



ڶһ磬Ȼһˣ̸ǵüȥġ 
ҿʱЩΣȴ̩ȻһжûƵġ 
ĽչҲ˳ԼҲҵսʱ䣬ܸɴǩ֡ʵϹȻⶨԼȻ̣ȴڱܹܵĵϣȫΪ˼ҡֶºʣµϸֻҪר̸Ϳˣ̫ӵʹҲΪֹ 
ʱǶʮˣȥʱȴǶʮһˡһȻʵĹײġ 
³ǸôѲúãеĹԱһɫТӭʿҲһɫʾʹ 
ݹ涨ҿںϹǰһΡʡݡ 
֪ʵ۳ʲôϾĸףвûжģһŬװһʹӣǰƿ˹׸ǡ 
ʬƺҩﴦȻѾһʱ䣬ȴȻûзζƤ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ˯һ㡣 
ĿƵϣҲһԴͬƵʹ 
£ 
̷ϹȻĺȴӦȥ֮ǰʶǣô 
ǸڹײĻʵۣҳʱģǸսϵĽ 
㽫̨ϵ׷ʱǲֻ̣֮սһһεҵԺŵӰƵǵʱҵϻʵ۵ļ佻ʱӰƽʱһֱӡԺֱ˿̲к 
ҵ۽һ飬޵ķŭ벻ʣһμ佥طף漴١ 




  ʮ 



۾εûǰһȫʹĸо˵ˬʡ 
£ˣһϲ뻳 
ʶĳұЩԺʶһѹôҲˣʲôʱ򵽵ģ 
ˣ漴ץһͷҵһʲôˣ̫ӵѾ˯˿ˣ 
ҵŵÿһ˵˯˰£ 
ǰǰ籧ʱûһί 
ˣأæʡ 
Ǳܣ֪ʲôݺݵȭͷصģҲ˵ 
Ȼ䣬ǸӦʲôƵģıԹĿⲻԾؿſڡ 
ˣﶼң߳ȥѿռøҺ̷硣 
磬ôˣ̷ϵƣҾ첻ѡ 
£ˣ̷һ֮£һӳ˹סҡ 
ôˣ˭۸ˣȥͷʵҲ۸ 
£ּｫųɣ̷ 
ݣͷһôˣ 
Ρӡ̷ԥţӦ˵ 
һˣǳǻ쵰֪ԼҪҪ汳ģ 
£ｫһϵˣΡ̷ʹץҵ֣ûģ 
Ȼƺи·ҪȴʮĹأʱ亮Ĳ״˦˦ͷȥֲõ뷨ǣֻȴûִУﲻ 
̫ĺĻˡ̷˵һЦٲ¾̲Ҳˡ 
ôأҴסˡ 
ݣҸô졭 
£̷ΪϲｫģȻϲô裿 
ϲĿɿڴؿ̷磬ץסĸоð죬ҲǿЦʣѵ㲻⣿ 
Ϊʲô̷ǳǳЦף²һ˵ġ 
㡭ҽرͷһƬж 
̷̷磬ᣬİݣ˳ӣܽҷŵ¡ 



Ρ 
Ҵ֪ʹȻôڰôĵط˿յĵ£ŵζǽϹ˸ɲ̾ߣЩѱѪȾ˰ɫ 
ݣĵط죿һ뵽Ͳʹѡ 
"ûȻʦµͣûа취ֻǲ׼̡"̷ 
"ҿڡ"ҷס֡ 
"ѽ̫ӵôͻȻˣ"һģЦӭ"ֳģĶĵطأʲô£˷Ըһ¾Ϳˣ" 
"أҡ"Ҳϻֻſ˴ط 
""һҵĻʱԴ˸ 
"ôˣҲ˵׼"̷һȵ 
"̴̣ˡ"ܵγˮ"ղεܹˣСĲ" 
"ܹܣ"ɻʡ 
"ӵˡ»ԲѣڻӼ"̷͵ 
"ߣ"һûӣǵУ̳¾ųɾҲʲôö"ȥ" 
"ǡ"ҷŭܡ 
"ӡ"ҧгݵص"Ҫʲô£ҾŹ㣡" 
ߵǰһֻһ˳Сš 
"棿"ҳʣôǲֿⰡ 
"ǣǵġ" 
"ߣ"к̷һȥһСС仹ݺҰɣ 
һβ㳤İڿ˳ڵ⣬Լ 
"ʲôѪսҲǶӵгˣʲôߵģӽ㲻ɣ" 
漴һЦлƤϵ 
ҲؼӿŲ̷ƺҲоҵŭ𣬱Ƶʺϳֵλá 
ںڰеʱ䳤ˣ͵Ŀ̲ס۾ 
"̫ӵ£"﷢һ㵵Ľ 
΢Ӧ۾ǰȴ˵ 
ܲ͸ܶȼž޴ݱмʮľϣһ˿ҵϲ˱޺ۣЩ˻Ѫɢķ˿סգҲ֪Ƿʶ 
ԱѷŶһߣһֻҴ·Ҳ֪ô 
ŭؿҵģұȴƽúܣǰزϵķ 
ԭīƵӽţ۽ǲˮ⣬ȴû 
"ݣ" 
þãǲ԰׵Ĵƺ΢΢˶³΢ŵ֣"¡" 
Сĵؽ⿪ϵȥ˿ڡ 
"£ôôã"̷ɱ 
¹סݵӣ̷˵ͷ 
Ҫڣ֪ҵ˼ 
߳ţҾ˰ν 
ɴ䣬ҽжûһȻ̷磡 
ҿ˿㲵ˣЦ 
ˣ̫׸ıĶ粻£ǰŷĶƺѾ˺ܶࡣɱ˳ģǽɱ𣿺ǺǣʲôʱѾôˣ 



һѪˣԾ˰죬Ȼæҵȥ׼ˮҩƷ͸ɾ 
ΪŮӵϳȥ̷İ°ϴ壬˿ڣ·һ 
ղԭݵӸԵ㲲 
"ȥ̫ҽһ¡"̷վ 
"š˵Ҳˣ"ҳգգ۾ʱҿɲϹȻ 
"ס"̷ЦЦ߳ȥ 
̾˿ݵ"֪š" 
ȱƵĽ˶¶˫ 
"ûˣûˡҲκ˺㡣"Ҹüһǡ 
"ûô"ǳǳЦЦֻЩɳƣ"ЩǰҾģʲô" 
"ǰʲôûȤ֪"Сĵ˿ڵķʽһ"֮ҵģ" 
"֪˭˭ء"дӯӯЦ⡣ 
"㻹ң"һйЦ̲סݺݵȥ 
""ݲûоܾſ죬ҵ๲衣 
һǹҴںʿǿѴһѹ˻ȥ 
Ҫ 
˺۵壬᲻һΡ 
Ҳ鶯Ĺϵݲ԰׵Ҳһ˿ѪɫҶţԭֻͨһΣȻĻ 
ҸɿԾƿĿⲻҿֻǵôûӢˬĽ飿 
"ѵıϵҲʲô¡"ݷ·𿴳ҵɻ󣬵ؽ͡ 
ҵȻõе"ѵ"ô£ƽĿ˵лһʹ 
"û¡"ֱסҵ"˵ûа취ǹȥҿȥһʹҡ" 
̲ס˰ּǿ۲ҲƮҡ«έȻƽСȴޱȵݰ㣬ܲ۵ȥ 
"Ҷˡ"ҵ䣬ͻȻðһ䡣 
˵ҲŷԼҲѶǰˣϾҿǻ˰°ÿͿ̷ҵǵʳŹ֡ 
"һ£ȥҳԵġ"Сĵ£"סһǰ׼Ҷ" 
"ǣ̫ӵ¡"Ц 
һϷʵӣһʱĴ𣬹٬һѣЦص"Ҫ̫ӣҪһ''һ˵ģ" 
һ㵵òŵӣҲЦ 
"ˡ"ʱűˡ 
""һ񲻻ôʶģ̷ȥ̫ҽԺûô˭ 
"˵ˣҹ"ϹȻ 
"ʦ"ݵ 
"ʲô"һҸƽϢŭӿ 
"ң´Ҫ"ϹȻһֳʵĿǵ 
"أ"Ц"ﶯ˽ݣĪǳô" 
"Ǹ⡣"ϹȻؿЦһ£"Ҳû뵽ǻ˴󵨡" 
"Ȼ߸ϵػߴôܹ£"ҷŭص 
ϹȻſƺ˵ʲô˿ڱȴǻһ̾"˵ʲô㶼ġɣºúñ塣" 
ҿ߳ȥԵЩįһڿӮȴûκο⡣ 
ͷȴң"ʦػߣ" 
һŷһʱڿ죬ϹȻػ˵ˡ 
"ȥҳԵģµȻ˵ɣ" 



Һ̷ľϣټݵĻָȷʵˣ칤һҪʮµ˾ͺõòˡôǰ̷ܺǰǸġ 
˵ڵˣӵұ֮ϹȻûšϹȻ˵ʱңæ׼ǻ£Ͼֻ˵⼸춼亮һ 
Բ֪ô亮Ѻ¹صģֻ˵Ҳûȥʡϧã亮ϧɩҲа취Ȱÿ˶ԼܣҹĵֻǸĺԺдҾͺˡ 
ڲݵϣžĵģ̾˿Ҫܾôһֱȥͺˣ 
һߵҲֳʤ˽һ߹ 
ЦЦһһ˹˳һǡ 
ֻǰһۣӯӯЦţ̷Ȼϰڱǰȣߵ 
ҿͷһɦ͡ݵҲָòˣǽҿʼôһ˫һŪȥݴνôɬ̷硭ҡҡͷķʽ϶С 
£ｫҩˡҩĲǸҲ̫еóֵСŮ 
Ұɡ̷ҵĻ߹ȥӹҩߡĸˣ̷Ǵǽҵġ 
ҪȰݿؿҡ 
ұˮӯӯĿ⿴һҪڴӦһ뵽ǰһˣǿԼģǣһúȣ 
̷ҩͱ͵ǰһüԼȣ 
ˣһ룬ÿ 
ǺǣǰҾǽ̷ıӰѵһҩȥġҲҲιҩַʽӲҪôֱֶΡʵҩ̫ˣǹ⺬Ҳܲˡ 
СεԼűһҩȥû취̷磬ִ򲻹˵˵ͨ 
ԡҴ̷һ͡ 
ݴ¶һĵЦݣҿıӦѱ˵ڲݵϣ漴ȵĴ 
ءһƿͬβ͵èƵ 
࣡ˣһһҩ˹ 
Цᶼһʶˡ 
ǵģˣСһ档̷ֺֺЦץ 
ߣҿ˵Ҫ㡮ͬʹ࡯ģЦ˹ȥ 
̷ͬʹࡱĸͺˣһѷͤ 
۸ҲṦ 
̷΢ЦҡͷһϮӭƮ·Ҫ˷ȥ 
ȥֻתһ 
áݵǴӦúˬ졣 
ۡһᣬƼ㣬һعʱѾͤˡ 
Сġһӣ̷ֻùҡ 
бݶţּˣԵ᧿Σ 
ôô洫 
ôˣһģһæס̷ֱۡ 
ôͤʲôôͷʡ 
Ǹǡһתڿ羰羰 
羰ķ羰ڲͬ𣿡Ц˳ 
ǰǰ׻˵վøߣԶҲŸЦ˼ 
羰ܣԺҲԿ»ɣЦݣɫ 
ݵһЦӯȥ 
㲻ô飡̷粻ţҧһҪѧṦ 
̷ЦõذҴ 
̤ʵأҲ˿޺޵صǸȥֲܵļһ 
ݻظһЦ⣬Һ޵ֱҧֻ˸ʵ 
һ칤򣬾˳ɵķ綼ˣȻִ˵Ĺ۵㿴˻һ㣬żҲǵķʽȥ᲻Ұ 
¡ڶ𣬡Ȼ˵йصǻҪ͵ʵʲôʱССأ 
ϹȻһ־üҪ˰ɣҲ 
һѪص 
Ҳ¡ҲܷԼϹȻʲôо֮Ҽڣ 
ˡӯӯһЦȴƺֲõԤС 



ֿʼԽϵ¡ 
Ϊҵ۹϶̷תģճԹ˸ӿȥϢ˹϶ҲԸȥǶ 
ߺߣûˣ˵ǿԺúһ㡣 
£ôֱ˵ɣźܡݷ飬Ư۾ֱҡ 
ôһôЦеشӺ汧ס 
£ҪôݻعͷЦ 
Ҫұ۾ͷ䣬Ļ̬ҵȥҪջҡ 
һ֤ƵӾһˮȻ֪Լղŵǲ֪¶ġ 
رڴϣ˫Ҫģ㣬Ǹѵż 
ݻһ𣺡ż 
ҵͷշתĴؽ⿪½ 
ݻȻңȴ֪ô졣Լѱ̵üΪУû˱βȡˣǣ˵ʲôҪ 
ǳǳһ·ƣ׵ĶͷˮɫĴԲĶµǣֱǰۺ⡣ 
̲סڣ˫ץסµĴʮָһ 
ң֣§סҵĲӣҲܵһ˺ 
·䵽˴£˼£ˡ 
ڰУʧȥӾøСҵСĵסķʱĳҲ΢΢š 
صŪţȴӵز߳һǶأ 
šҪ͵Ť壬İϰ˲п԰˵ʵǷǳĲӦ 
һ£ˡҲһͷĺˮֵȡһҩƿʱصø㱻ߵ޵ݵ̷ӳȥ 
ָմЩƿҩͣĺͥ 
ÿرպţҺòȥָš 
ģϵͨҩչɶ 
롣 
һͺͦ˽ȥ 
ůѨڽҵȣĸоһ΢Ӧˣ㿪ʼ鶯 
ҵ϶ȳĺãǳǳسز룬ҿҵǾԵ塣 
ڣ͵ײһ㣬ͨȵӡͬʱҷſһֱǰ˵֣һ𵽴߳ 
ſϴϢһ£سķߣͳȴصסǡҪ㡯ǡҰ㡯 
¡ݵ͵͵شϢţʧ˫ûнࡣ 
Ҳ֪ûȥֻؽ§˯ɣ 




 ʮһ 



峿һҪĶ 
ҪԺû㣬ҿôЦذ˶ 
˵ʲôءһڵߵġһЦҪæ𣿡 
ҪҰһۣⲻǷϻôô˹ݣٻǰСŮӣҲû̫Ӷ𾴡 
ôϴ°ɣһ»ҪӼλ󳼡 
ʲôӼ󳼣Ҿ㵵صô֪ 
ȻӰŵģڲô˵ţ˳ȥ 
ļһҵһ󳼣ҿһʶҪǽдô죿ôҪҲȺһ£Ȼһ룬Ȼ֣ƺԼ˵͹ˡ 
Ǽϼһʲô˵ġݴֻ߳żۣɿϵţؿ¶Ƭ߲˺ۺµǺ۽ӳޱȵɫ 
Сˡü߹ȥ· 
ةĶϹԽͿڴϵϲһ¬ٺöĳԣ֪˶ӣ̲Ǹѧһϰй飬ڼΪǵһӣ߻ֲ˼񣬸üĸܵԺȥˣǱ߹صļ컹ܴｭɽ͸˱ˣƫƫ͢Ϊ쳯Ϲǿأ˵ţغһĿֳҷǳϰߵ 
һ亹ûõ۹ﾹȻôһѹֻ˲ҰܣҲһô˵һǵδʵ۵˵治֪黢 
ҿ΢΢һĪǣΪڳ͢״Ը˶Ӷ˺ֹעһذ췴ΪΪûûȥң 
ʲôϲԿҰݵһۡ 
㣿ôðε̾Цһ§ 
£ģһǿʢһΪӢĵȻ촽ţȴǷ 
ŵףĺףǣȴܲ˵ĺ 
ֻǸжûбҵѧĵӰټңι֮֮ãã˺У̫ƽ 
ʲôݵ 
룬ôȥǼһԽؿЦ 
ף˵߾ǣһЦҲ»ʵǻǰ̽̽ڷ磬ȷԼĵλˡ 
򷢣ô򷢣̡ 
ȥʾʦݵңǽı 
Цһڣҵǻ󣬷Ͻ 
𣿡ǳЦһ£漴ҵĻֻڻҪ֮µԸʵ֣ 
ǻʵۣ˵ﻹУ 
벻УȥػߴɡݵȻ 
ԴһպҺͺĬؾڲᡰػߡ֣ǽоʦԡǸһƺ˿װ׵ѣ¶ȥһϹȻ 
Щ£ҲϲģһԴҶá 
ȥϹȻͨһ󺰡֪һü 



ŮӸҵӡһֱһաĽϸģĿ¡ÿһ׼ȷץסҵ˼ʱԼ׵ʱѾĬĬ׼ 
ϹȻƫң 
֪һҪԲذô 
һ޷˵ƿ˵š 
һ¯㣬һ裬ֻһŹ١ 
ûκţƫУֻˡ 
٣֪кҪ£ϹȻȻôˮ 
һ㶣ҵϹȻġ̫侲Ŀֲ𣺡£һҾκ˺㣡 
µǻȻȨκˡֻڣҪϹȻأ 
УһҾЩ󳼣ҶʶҪôȥǣ 
һΪʲôءϹȻЦһ豭һڣˣ̫ӣϾǻʵۣ 
ôҲ 
ĳӣʲôµġϹȻ񿴰׳һĿң˵ʲôֻҪװͷ˵֪˲ˣ 
ȿȿȡҵɴ۾ҲУ 
ôУϹȻߵǵ˵ʲôǶҵ沵㣬ʲôµģ֪Բ˵˭ܱ㲻ɣ 
亹ػߡЦװǻǰɣһᣡ 
ûµĻҪϢ˹ˡϹȻվȴͻȻһѣæ˫ַסӲûȥ 
ιû°ɣˣСʡ 
ûУֻеȡϹȻŶͷ 
ȣˣҿ˿Ȼɫе죬˳Ķ̣ 
ȻȥˡϹȻʹ˦˦ͷȥ 
ˣ˯һɣһסдбʲôôԶ·ȥһ·ô죿ҵĿǺܺõġ 
šϹȻһһ˶˹ 
ιιһ˼رס̣ô˶ô̵ģ 
衭ϹȻǿ³һ֡ 
裿ҪȲ裿Ҳ֪յҪˮæȹǱ裬ιȥ 
ϹȻ͵һҵ֣ͺﱻҩ 
žһɣ豭÷顣 
ǰɣղźѾǿ٣죬ҲϡͿ˰ɣҪǣ˭̫ܵӵ¶һϹȻ 
æУȰ̫ҽ˵ɡ 
Ȼٰ˵ȴӰҽ˰ҲûһҧҧҴᱧŵ㣬ҴȥҴ򣡡 
ˣϹȻץҵ֣е㡣 
㣿ŬԺʶ֡ 
㡣ӿµһĶϹȻǿ˵һ仰Ǻ¡书߾֣ⲻ㶾ҩĴҩĹһ˸ûеֿ 
ʲôʧУ漴ҲˡԭǾûл¶ģô 
ȥϹȻ 
ɵ㶵ؽϡ 
ȥϹȻڴץ˿֯Ĵ޳ָΪ̫ס 
Ϊ΢ɢ½Ҳ˿ڿˮϵ˳ɢңϺ;ļΪҩĹϵһۺɫӨ͸˵ǰϹȻǲʳ˼̻ӣɼڵǹ˶Ķħֻ뽫ѹºݺݵ 
㡭ŭ֮ǰҺݺסĴ 
šϹȻһ˿Ҳһǵɢ 
Ȼδ£ҩȴ˳űչزϡ 
һʱ嶯˻⣬ͬһһȼδƽϢ 
ǸҲԣȴԷſ 
ȡҡ̺Ĵ³·صҵ˲ 
ʲôػߣʲô̫ӣҹһ߶ȥɣ 



Ŵϻ˯ȥˣﲻ֪ʲôζϹȻ˵ϲе¼ǣ˿̾һ룬׿˵⣬ƺûжԲҵĵط 
֪Ǽð̫ӣȴûв𴩣ҴȴҲδΣСˣǿ̱Ҫȴ 
ô죿ε̾鷢չܹ˭̫СĵԲң׵ 
£ǶȺ򡣡 
ô죿æʰ·´ʣ߳ȥ 
ӯӯЦתҿ˺޵̰ץһ٣ 
滹һû̵սҪֻ÷Ըչ˺ϹȻһ 
һͷľة飿ԭ˵ʱһĴɻ󣬱ϾݶԳ͢ƫĻǿҵĸ˸顣Ҳ֪ԭĻѾۿˡ 
ķԣӴһ죬Ҫ˼̫ӵز¶⣬ֻҧ̡ 
ǣôЩͷô˵Сʱˣ˵˾ͻð߶ǰƵġ 
һʵ̲סˣһǻʱҪҪôô鷳ҪҪһ仰ˣ 
ȥʱͻȻһСŮڵſţ֣ 
СŮһ·СܵߣҶ˵˼仰Ȼһȥ 
һɿȣ泳Ĵ󳼣е£Ҫȥһ£ݺ飡 
£ 
£ 
ҲںУֻͿ͡ 
ص԰ֻʯѾںһʢľƲˣڵң̷Ҳڡ 
ʲôˣҿݺö˶˿Īؽ˸ҳˣ° 
Է㲻飿ЦЩͷӵķϻʲôģͻȾأ 
⼾ڻʲôͣջл÷ûأҲȷʵֻиѣûлʲôϵ 
ǻһЦǺȾôӮ˵ûн 
¶ǵµģ»Ҫʲô̷΢Цơ 
Ҫʲôұʵõһ¡ǰһҪʲôϾǻʵˣÿ鷿ӵҹϳµԲҪġҵԸǽһʵǰİһСһӾͺˡ 
һ˲䣬һסһӣһħȴôؽһ 
ѾƱ̷ЦղŻʺߵŮ²ڣ»ЩȥһϢ˹ 
Ϣ˹æݣмʦ𣿡 
ʦ˰һ˵ȥ󳼣ͻȥˡǵ𣿡 
ˣҲ㷢һ 
ԽԽˣϢ˹ȥвУ 
ڣһûԼϹȻһʲôĸ飬֮ǰûа취 



ҹϢ˹ 
ƺÿһ߽ǳԸģʺ޹ػߵӴȻķ羰ȴһظС 
ʺټûʲôرģ޷ǽЩǻǰҪע£ҶһһӦˡֻǸӾȻҲԱߣһϵЦݣôô 
ڣʺ˵ˣǻȥϢ 
ǰɣϢϢҪҺЦصļһһߣ 
̫ӵ롣ЦеʾС 
˿ڿˮԺûд̷һ 
ôʺʡ 
ûУûҸЦţֱûа취˦һ 
ǾЪŰɣٽ̫ҽȥʺ 
ллĸġε˵˾䣬ĥų˵š 
ͷȴһҿٵòټٵЦǺŴ̿Ͱɣ 
£̫ӵ£һС̫Ҵ˹ 
С˳ӣϵҵһϢ˹ʱͶʯ·֮ƭ·ǸС̫ࡣ 
ūߵ̫ӵ¡С˳˴񣬡Ȼ룬ʵǷؾ 
ϹȻҪңһûҪôأȥĻͲúػĵһ˰ɣ 
̫ӵ˭ͼ𣿡һ䣬ȻϹȻǳǷȱøС 
ҲǣϹȻƻüμƻأ޲Ź֡ 
ĻҲ¶˾ġ 
·ҶС˳ӵ 
롣С˳æǰ· 
ôʵһˡƤЦⲻЦضԳ˰֡ 
ߣЦеѿһкҲһˡ 
߰ɣҳıӰ 



ȻǺߵǸͤ 
С˳ںԶĵطˡ 
·ÿһ鶼ͬһΣƺӵġ 
ϹȻҸô˵ȵǸ˵ԲҲֻǵʱʵ̲ס˵ڡҪԸһҹ飬ҿ˿ûи̹ȻʵϿ˵ǿ˵Ҫ߿ġ˵ҩҪ־͹ңҸ˵ڡҵ಻ʵ֪ѲҪҪǣûа취û 
飿ϲţи飬ҾΪ˴ҩȥǣľǰ𣿶̷磬ҸеϣҾ;ðġݣҴĵһϣһӵڻϹȻȻǱԹȴӲǰҾԲλ࡭ҲǷ㰮 
С·ܿߵ˾ͷȻϹȻȻſڹ˯ˡ 
˰ĴʶʧȥãҾؿ˯գĪƽ 
ǵҺܾҲֳô޶԰ɣֻҪҪӦòǿ˯İɣȻžһĨƣ룬Ĳĳ 
ӳ߹ؿʼ̫Ӿûʲôæʹ˱˳㲻ɫسıĶӡصһԲѣʣµƺˣȻʵ񣬶æû˿ȴòԼ̫ǲҲ̫ˣ 
ߴһ磬ش˸սȴҲһع 
ǵģֵط˯Ҳãһ䣬ǰȥϹȻ˯ԣҲֵط˯ 
ӣȴһƬ·ﱧŵǿ飡һһ˶೤ʱ䣿 
ˡϹȻƺҵĶˡ 
ĻһͽˣûҪô鷳ûؽͤбܷ紦£ϵƤס 
Ǹ̫ˣ˯һ¡ϹȻ۾ 
µĻ˵Ҳ٣ˣϢɡҶӲһΡ 
죿ϹȻһЦѵ֪ղ־һΣ 
ղţһѵҪҲ 
ԼɡϹȻüһ衣 
Ŷæ˱ҺòڻϵģĲˮɹ̡ 
ϹȻ˿ڲ裬ƺеһů⣬ɫҲÿǸղŵĲ԰ס 
Ҫôͷ۵ʡʵǲҪʱҪɱĻʵۣǺû˼ġ 
˵㵽ﶼҪ̻ΪʲôҵĻϹȻʡ 
ҡԿɴ𡣱̷ȴҼؾܾˡ֪һϹȻʶزԸ 
ȥԺҪô³çˡϹȻվ²豭绹ҡ 
ǰڷңȴֵֹġ 
Ȼҵ׸ô죿ֻգһʲôҲ˵ڡ 



һ·϶ܳĬֻ紵ҡ죬ѲҹĸܵѰϹȻڣͻȻ̿Ҳʲôϡ¡ 
ֻǣҲ֪˵ʲôϹȻûпڵ˼̫ӵǶ·ƺ͵ۿߵˣŲȻôŶ侲ƺֻһΪǼ·ա 
ιȻһֱߵ̫ӵſڣڻ̲סڡ 
ţϹȻıһԼƺδʽػ֡ 
ϵ£ҡ룬ǲ֪ô˵ 
ʲô£ˡϹȻص 
ˣסˣ漴һǿҵŭһն㱣ȴˣ£ôˣ 
ôˣϹȻͣ½ŲҲͷҡ 
Ŀдһ˿ã֪ûҲ˼ûֻǸ 
Ҳ˵Ǵ߰ػߣôܶССƽ飿̫ӵݣֻǰһĲֵݺݵץס֣һơ 
ôϹȻһɣȻӱѹƣȴû 
ôüǰôԸ⵱һжûֻҪˣһоܻصϡҾôҲ֪ 
ſҡϹȻԼǱҶܣͷ 
ΪʲôңĶ˻Ҹ 
㼸ˣϹȻȴЦ˳ 
ҡ17ôˣ֪ʵǡҡ͡ 
СӡϹȻ΢Ц 
ж󣡡ƺûע⡣ 
ʲô£ϹȻ 
ҲûЦ仰ҲҴ󲻵ȥ 
һЦ֮ҵŭȴɢˣطſ˵ 
㲻ңΪγŵʲôϹȻص 
ô֪Ҳ㣡仰ͻȻĪһʹ 
ҪˣСƢϹȻǳǳһЦ 
ҿһûЦֻһֱϹȻЦ䣬ƺԶŷ벻мȻʱ˿̣һȻ΢Цȴҷ·𿴼£ޱȶˡ 
߰ɣǻᵣĵġϹȻ 
һᰮ㣡ߣһȣڶ 
ʲô 
˵һᰮ㣬ԣ׼ߣȻ˵˿ڣҲȥˣһ 
ģϹȻҰΣȷҲǿЦ 
㿴ϲ棡һݣ׼Ĵصȥ 
㡭ϹȻһ˲ɴ۾Ӳ 
û˽̹㣬ǵʱӦñ۾𣿡ɲǣ˦һ仰ǡ 
ڡϹȻֻһ̾۾ӿһҺΪ 
ڣٺܱȲźúã 
Ҵ˿Żһ⣬鶯ѵˣǿĹ 
ϹȻǱ仰ѹصƿң޺޵ص̫ˣСӾ͸ûؼ˯ 
ſڽ࣬ؿҴȥ 
ҵȴһ֮ϹȻȻݣ 
ô˻ֻݵ 
ͷֻ¹£һ˫ӭá 
ڵңȥϸһ¡ 
ߣ˭ˣ̴硣ݰһۡ 
㵣ˡҰ̷硣 
ƽͺˡ̷Цһᡣ 
˾ͺãˣȥ˯ˡݴ˸ǷתԼȥ 
ݣ̷һûס 
ǺǡҲЦʽ̷֪Ƥ̫Щ˵ڣ˵ڡȻᣬô˼Źأ 
лطȥ˵ɣ§̷޹ 



 



 ʮ 



ƽҸģֻÿ綼ȥϢ˹ϹȻ̵ҵǻϵڡԭҲǼ£ѾȥϢ˹ˡЩڴǸĮԳֵǲֻµľϲο磬ڷ̿ů紺ƫ§Ű˯Ҳֲܡ 
ϣ̫ӵһ˫㹻ˡ 
أӽˡ 
һǼʽ»ҪŻ׺ٹǰ̴½죬˳̩񰲡ִ˵ȻĵŻ治֪ô 
һ磬İ£ڴøӵĳֻЩ̨ϷƵġ 
ŪˣõͷˡԹؽҵ 
ذҿԹ 
ϻƽͷΣܲô 
ˣҲôһΣ̰ɣ˳ְñҵͷ磬¾ͽˣ 
š̷Ӧһ 
ҴһƷؿڲһ컨ӣ̲סѿڶ磬ӡ 
Ʒ̷һӺ 
ôһΣҹⶺش˹ȥҵĻʺ󣿡 
£̷ߵһУȴֲ֪˵ʲôֻĹĵصҡ 
ǺǡҲЦҵķ簡ôɰôϲŪأ 
ˣôϲ۸̴磡ȴݿˡ 
ٺ٣ҲӲ٬һѣĲȥ 
ݺһصȻʦ˵ˣڻշʹҲ뿪̫ӵ벽 
ҿЦԭҲûϹȻĹϵùˡ 
ˣҲ칤򡣡̷΢Цűһ£ȱµǻ£ȥĶС 
֪ʱ䲻ˣǿȥɣЩɺػ˻֡ 
ǻᾡġҲ뿴įı顣 
˺ˣĪҪôǾõˡЦŰƳȥ 
ǵģȥո㣬ô鷳ƲƲ죬εؿӣ̷ڽԱߡ 
ڹſڻ˻ʺ󡭡Ӧ˵̫λӣٹԼһǧ˺ƺƵȥ 
ڽƣ̲סĽҿһǣ⿴ȥ 
ɽһնֻԶԶعۿ 
ϷűΧ۵ĺӰҿЩ϶Ůڽ̽ͷ̽ԵİգоЩЦá 
ò׳˳ǣԼĪһСʱڰɽͣ 
ҳ˿ڵˣͷɢˡֻȻһǼסϹȻ̵ģأ߻ʼǵĲ⡣ 
̴£ǻʼԺռؼ㣬£мֹζ 
ĵסѴȫɮſӭӣϺеİüͺһһ飬ﲻ֪ʲôȥмֵõɮӡ 
ӭ¡ӷ𡪡һţԶÿ 
ƣֻܴڣ˶š 
ס߽ڣ̴ĿһˬҾһˡִԺôĵ 
ҽȻϹȻ̷磬ȻȺԣҺ̫һ֧֣Ҳû˸˵ʲô 
½㡣һʮһ꣬ɰСɳΪҵ㡣 
ллôɵĺӣ̲סЦЦӹ㡣 
¯ȽȽð̣ǰϹ򵹣ߵĴϹȻ̷磬ԼĺȻҲԶԶعˡûһ֮дʱվš 
ӳĿ汣˳̩񰲡ףʣվ㽻Сɳ֣¯ 
Сɳæӭӡ 
һ˲䣬ֻеһȴ֪⡣ 
£ֻСɳ־㵵ص 
ǸŷԼ񣬾Ȼﻹ㣬æ֡ 
Сģ̷һ󺰡 
ͬʱСɳֿɰϾȻһƬиһ̵ 
̵أȴ̷ۼϹĽ˹ 
磡֪ʲôըðһ̣ܿ 
һʶʱһƬҡ 
£ȻʲôһϹȻȻůϤӰǰ 
һӰȻ֪Щжٴ̿ͣҲ֪ûи֣ƺֻҪ̷ߣҾͲеһ˿־塣 



ΪʲôҪܣ̷ŴӺųһϼټ̨ףѾ۵ˡ 
׷Ҫܡ̷һ˳ڴ 
ʵǣΪʲôҪܣӶ氡ʵڲ뷨ⲻԮԽԽԶ 
ܲȥԽԽ׷̷εؿЦ 
ôˣע⵽ɫ԰׵ò 
û¡̷ҡҡͷսеĽ 
û£ͻ˵û£Һ޺޵ذΪʲôΪʲôʲô鶼ҪԼȥеҾͲֵǲ书㣬ѵ㵣ĵȨû𣡡 
¡̷ҡ 
Ȼʱ̸˵Ƿˡ˵䣬һӰɵǰ㳾ϹȻ 
Ȼû°ɣҾϲס֡ 
ߣ׷ҡϹȻңת¼̨ס 
УҲܡֱһ²ףҲƢ˵һºȰ 
ǻ˵̷ߡϹȻͷһۣǶ̣Ҹ徲ĵطƶº 
ʲô𾪵ؿߵˡ 
ⶾԲǿҲ࣬ûд󰭵ġ̷ǳǳһЦ£߰ɣ 
ϹȻ̷ֿ磬Ϊѵò֪ѡ 
ˣֻҲְŶѡ̷磡ߣϹȻһȣͬʱһ׷һС 
ߣ̷һӱüӲܿҵӲҼɽܡ 
ȻһͷϹȻ䱻Χȴ˿·磬΢һ㵣ġ 
ԺȻǽڰɽϵģеĽ£ɢɽͷ˰СʱѾˡһѱס̷磬ˣӦðȫˣҪҸطƶ 
á̷ұţһڴ 
ϧĨȥϵĺˮҲһۡôǿ̷磬ֲ֧סˣôʾң 
ϻʵĴ˿̾ιңĳۡ 
Ҫѩء̷Цѡ 
֪Ȼû£Щ̿ͱץסûУ̾˿ 
Ȼո߾Щ̿˲ġʡ̫Ҳô򵥵ģܷԣʱʱԮ̷˵˼䣬ر۾ 
˯ҡҡһƬɽں£㻹û˵Ϊʲôǲ壬ȴأ 
һҲ뵽㣬Ȼڿŵһࡣ̷ǿЦЦ⣬űȽϽҪߴųȥЩ̫ͨΣˡ 
ǵʲôûнҩżʣЩ⡣ϲ˵ж˻ƤǷ̷ƺֻɫ԰׵㣬ЩôжӰ 
֮ҩú鷳ҵ԰ѶƳġ̷ҵЦЦʾҰġ 
㻹̱ƶæ 
̷촽˶ƺ˵ʲôֻ¶һǳЦ 
һƺմʲô˳һĨȴǾӨˮ顣 
ѩˡ̷֣סһƬѩ 



ҪðҿƮѩգŶýӲ˫ۡ 
֪Ūɽµ֮ǰȷ̷硭Ȼ֪֮ʲôĶ֣ӦںһİɣɽԽԽˣҲ֪ܳŶã 
£Ǳ߷󣬻ǹɡ̷ڷԵú 
ߵߣӵ뻳Ų԰׵Ŀգ̲סһۡ 
ҵķ簡һֱǲǶ̫ˣӵұȴǵ΢ЦţغҪĵطְƵߣҲĬҺȻĹϵӦ˵̫󷽣Ǹںң 
ʲôأôࡣ̷Цţȴ΢΢ҵĻ 
Ͳżֵһ𣿡ε̾Ϣ 
ţ̷գ۾ؿҡ 
죬ڲ㰮֮ĴǻҾԼǸĲصŮˡǣĺܲڸ¶ˣҿ׿͸ϹȻȻĮȴҲиɻ̷ֻ磬ͬһ׽ķ磬Ρ 
ȿȿȡ̷ͻȻһҵĿԡ 
磡һҵظı˳ 
ҡ 
ûǲǣһô𣿡 
ݡˣ̷һվֱӣ¶״̬ 
ҲʼǴ̿ϹȻƷ˴̿ͣǣ 
ģѩгһѪӰ 
һصѪζȻߵ̷ȴ˿һӣʯصش 
Ȼʧ 
߽ϹȻһ¶ɫѪ߰ߣȻûֳƮ̬֮ 
ģҵѪϹȻЦ 
ˣ̷ʡ 
šϹȻתͷ˵߰ɣ 



ˣ̫ҽ˵̴ѾûˣѹҲֻʱ𣿡ѹݺݵҶߺš 
Ѿˣд¼һ֣ԭԤģ»ʵǻ˫ϲ֮ҪеֵͬĽĿȡˣҴҽӹ˼򵥵ĵǻҾ۹»ʵˡ 
ǣԴչ̷һֱԲѡȻϹȻ˹ں̫ҽҲûдˣǣȴһֱ˯ţôſ۾ 
ҵ۹ʼûд̷ƿ 
ȥˣͻˡݺص 
ʱҺˡ˳ڽһ䡣 
ҵı£ˣȥϢһ°ɣ̴磬һ̽㻹𣿡 
ˣҲˣȥϢɡҰؿغҹֺγء 
̾˿վԸ߽ŵϹȻεһ̯֡ 
ϹȻһЦҲϻֻ벻֪д¼Ľ 
鵽ˣһ˭ʹģҪǧУ 
£ӦԳơޡϹȻ 
£˵ҺݺݵصˣΪʲôʱ򻹿ô侲 
ӡϹȻ˳ӵ˵𰸡 
ܣѿڶ 
ΪʲôܣϹȻһü 
ڼϣ̫ͰٹٵƤӵôɱд̣㵱Ƿӻǵɵӣŭȥ 
ϹȻؿҰΣǶȥ 
ûУҵĻȫеĹŮȥ 
ǣһӣֻʣϹȻݣҺͻԲѵ̷硣 
һ㣬ΪʲôհеĴ̿ɱһɶҲ£ضһصҵʱһףЩˣ޶֤ 
ϹȻңͻȻЦɳˣûѡʵۡ 
ҪҶ̲סһѾס½󣬡㵽ʲôΪʲôҪ޻񣿡 
޻ϹȻЦŶһֽԱĿڹ֤̿ܺɽ޻ 
Ҷô¡Ȼɿ֡ 
ᶨְҵļϹȻ£ţд˭߻ģڵǶ󱱺ĸң޿ɷϵģһγײľѻᣬҲŹġ 
ǡ֪˵ʵ飬˵ֵʱҾףҵľ޷ܡСôС˵ӣǣôӵֶζԸԼϵֵܣҲ˴󷴽ˣ 
д̱£һζʮˣкھΡϹȻ 
ĬȻǲÿʵ۵ıѪͰ׹Ƕѳɵģҿɲѡ 
µʴ֮ϹȻЦЦֻǣϹȻΪ۹ʮػߣΪʦػĵ۹ԸҵȾѪ񡣡 
ؿҿóġǣѪȣЩôմȾɰ˶Ӧһ裬һ߹٣ңں쳾֮Ŷԣ 
ôĻʹأð죬ҲɬɬؿڣҲܾôŹ˺˷ˡ 
Ϊܲļƻˣȥ𣿡ϹȻһ䣬漴صƻʧܣǳ̲סٶ֣ץסǵβ͡ 
ԼɡҲһ仰˳ȥ 
תͷֻһ֮ɫ廹زšٴԣϾҲ׸ղǵĶԻǿġ 
ûµġ§ڴ£ִӱס̷֡ 
ڰοǰοԼ 
Цԡ 




β 



ҵĬ£̶ʮ칤ϹȻеؽڳеҲóùԭſֵģû뵽ȴѻյͷȥ˸ֲػػ棬ȻһܵҪⳡսĽĻ˿ 
ֻǣƾֵ췭ظѪȷ磬ܷ﹬ȴһƬǻ֮ұʵ۾ס 
̷ɳ˯ѣÿҶҩιȥḻ̫ҽҲ˼⣬ֻùж֮˺ 
ڴǰᵽ˵մ¹طʱ̷顣İ˾ߣǲ˵ᶯõȴƺôҲץš 
ҲʧȥôһôЩĬĬذߣҵӰӣʱüоĴڡǣôûӰӣôû̷磿 
û˴ŵļžУеػһĵεΣܵܵζȴͬضҾƣԽƷԽ㴼ϹȻǾĽݣϧȻаȴ̫ĸ顣̷ֻ磬Ǵģһ˿ʵİһǹʱһ飬ֱڵ棬ûо̫Ĳƽ⣬ȴڲ֪Уһ˿˿˹УҲԳ롣 
磬زһϵķ˿֪֪ߵˣʧȥһҶĺģǣʧȥ㣬Ҳģһġ 
硭 
ݡϹȻݺһ߽ˣߵĻȥ 
ôˣһعͷʵ 
Ȼϰ߸ϲĶǣҲˡλıְĵվλϣЩ¾ͷɡҪǣÿһ˶˵ǳҾϣһ 
ӡϹȻһ£ڸηɱˡ 
ηɱЦһ£˭֪ôġֻҲ׷ʲô˰ɣֲҵʲôˣһ˰ˣʡġ 
̴ôˣݵĵʡ 
ҿЦҡҡͷǻʲôһ 
ϹȻƺ˵ʲôȴһס졣 
û£ǳȥˡЦЦ 
һ㶣ƺʲôһ 
ʲôӣҲ֪ôľʳ仰 
ԪϹȻݵ֣չأ½Ӧǧ¥磬ٹ٣ͬ֡ 
ι㿴𣿡ݵ 
Աһʼ磬ҲΪȻ 
ԪҴһ¡ 



 



үǵȥԪʱ˽εƻȱ˻ϵᣬ 
Դײɣ 
ţүĪҪµЦ 
Ԫȥƣ 
˵ǴӦ˱ү룬÷ڣ 



 



׼һҴһ 
ڣһ 
ԣڣ̣ϣ 
ƺˣæܳȥԸ 
һƤ磬ϸؽ̷ӹã 
£Ҫȥ̫ҽ˵òҪ𣡡ݵ 
ϣ͵ơұ̷ȥ 
ֹݣϹȻҲˡ 
ԵĻʵۣһţ׷ȥ 
Ҳȥ裿ϹȻ 
ɵݻͷ³̷ֻţϴ̿ô죿Ȼ򲻹̴磬żһλܿ԰ɣ 



ԪҹƳϣνɽ˺ַǷ 
ȻܼȸϣһƵĳ忪Ⱥһ 
磬ûʧԼҴˣһ§̷磬һƿ 
ųƻԻ͵磬ֻǰЩģˣ磬ûУľɫأ 
³Сĵصס磬˿ŬԼЦõģԶʧԼ 
 
磿ƺое˶һ¡ 
¡΢ŵҶȴͬס 
磡Ҿϲض۾ 
ҵڴУ˫˿һʱ峺ֻûĨˡ 
磬ҴơɵɵضЦ 
ɫĴ΢΢ҵһη̷֣Цôᣬô 
һ˲䣬ƺоʲôͷֻԶĵ£ϹžϲˮԱ߿պüϹȻ½ʧȺС 
§̷߹ȥסݵ֡ 
µա 



Ԫҹʱ 
ɡ 



ͷ 
Լƻ 



 һꡪ 




ڶ



1 



峿ƤĴʣҴӺлѹ 
ؿеأǲףΪʲôϲſؿ˯¾ҡ 
ϸϸش½ߵգ̲סظתۼ䣬ѾǻˣȻȴòôƽһֱչĶڲ̫ӺŻӾϽĵڶ㱼ǰߣһֱࡣֱƽһսʮ߾ϲʱ 
һصǾͱнֻǶյսԵüƣȻۣȴҲûа취ֻһﰲȵ˯һ 
ʲôʱˣɰһԺʡ 
磬˯һСĵؽƿñӸǺãȻ´¡ 
Ȼҵǻĵһǰԭ㿪ʼ糯Ƴٵŵ㣬һճԸȴٹŲɿڡִ˫գܵŴȴϰ࣬Ұ 
ҪΪʲôôԹԵ𴲣Դӵһ糯ﱻϹȻһˮӴϽѺûеһ糯 
£ة 
֪ˡҴҴϴһ߳ţѳΪܷ﹬ŮٵҪŪ嵭С͹³һԡ 
ǡȻһЦǳƹµѣةˡ 
ˣҲðڻʵۼӡЦֹסıԹ 
ĲƫҵһʥּػϹȻΪة࣬Ǿ޽еİɣʵڰػ۲۰ɴվúðҴء 
¡ϹȻңվһ 
ʲô²糯˵ģҺ¡ 
͵ʹߣǱݴˡϹȻȻܺãûָûࡣ 
ߣѪսǺǵġͣиͬܵĸоΪ 
šλʹߣϽһ¡ϹȻЦЦؿҡ 
һҪ𣿡üѾôˣôΪһʹ߾ 
ҹսļ󣬶ݺԼȻҪ˵ҲһġϹȻ 
ô鷳ҳ̾˿ 
ϹȻĽ̵£ȻѲǵǸʲôѧֳҼıȴҸᷳ 
ʲô鷳ģǲͣһӾ򵽶ĹȽȥУװ˽ 
ϽϹȻ˵ͷǴк 
ةˣ硣΢΢һЦߡ 
һ˲䣬ӿһĸоҲżϢ˹ԺϹȻ̸۹£̸̸ű̷ǵĹϵȴ˵ʲôϹȻҲ֪ףֻҲӲԡ꣬еһ㴰ֽȴʼûͱơ 
ڶʹߣȻةҪ̸ʶˣݵ 
ϹȻһĨ͵ĹâĽ̫ӡ 
һ漴Ц˳̫ӻ治򵥰ʾǹƥܵǵĵ̸ˡ 
ʲô˲ЩҲҲƲƲ졣Ȼ֪ģû˻ϲ˿Լĵ˵İɣ 
ϹȻһЦȻǲΪȻ 
˺ˣҪϳˣȤվеǱ˺ġ 
ĽҼסˣ 




2 



ϣЩĵؿһ٩٩̸ĶԱĿվһƺµĶ̫Ľϡ 
ǲϸʵλ̫ӵҲǸӣֻ˫һۣһķ࣬ʵϲοǶսͣĽȴûһ˿ܾ֮ķŭ򲻸ʣ벻͸ 
ʱǸĹѾʼ˳񵥡 
ұô⣬иܸɵة࣬ȻЩõʵĵطȥҪġȴԽԽˡ 
ϳ֮ǰϹȻѾ΢ĵߣȻҲǷǳҲ֪񵥷ǳ߲ٵġ 
Ļʵ۱ºܴ̲ס˵һ䡣 
ĽһЦ˻ȣʾǹԱ˵һߣֻһҹ͸ϵһ֡ 
ҵһ½Ӳˣ˵ 
Ľ˵ƸȢһˡĽ˵ţһһ 
ƸҹĿǰûд޵ĹȻ𰸿ķǳ⡣ 
ĽȢĲǹǡĽ¶һζƵЦ⣬ת˸ɣ״һָ 
ң䶼һ뿴ָķ 
ңʮĿϴһ㵵ָָԼ 
ĽߵǰͻȻһϹأԴӵƽһýˣĽ·ʳʣЯԸȢΪ̫ 
㿪ʲôЦҴŭ𣬸ö֮ҵˣòͷˣ 
ڳ֪ҺݵĹϵⶫ̫Ӿڱף޲һϷ̬ 
ˣΪݺòײŴлعҧгݵص糯гΪЦĿɶˡ 
ƺ޽ֹͨɷҶꡭĽȻһЦǿţҹТʵ۱һλΪѰ 
̫һ仰ȢҹϽǲ̫쿪ЩϹȻ㳲߳ƽ͵Ӳǰҿ췢Ļѹ˻ȥ 
ĽԸ׸ƾھΪ޲ɡĽЦؿң·Щ׵ĻǴ˵Ƶġ 
ŬԼûеһȭȻһĺ÷ǰǶݣ 
Ȼҹֹͨ飬ΪְͳϽȴû˭ܱ֤⡣ƽվ˵˼䡣 
ԴϹȻةظĸѲʺְλӹźس֮ʿΡƽԭֻһС٣һǰελġ 
ұ죡޿̵һŭ漴ɢһǿɱ⣬ĹپӶ࣬ɱһ壬ϹȻĽûһɫ糣ġ 
Ҳһȵһ죬ͷѪսѪнģǹɱûϹս˻Բ֪Ҫǵ³Ǽصʬ壬½ҲЩĹٺö١ 
ݱÿһɨʱ΢΢ͣһ£ȻһԲ߳š 
¹ش󣬷һʱᣬ̫ȵϢաϹȻȻһЦ˸Բ 
ߣ˳һߣҲȥ 



˽Ŀĵֻһܷ﹬ķ 
ǲϽģʱϵҲôһˡ 
ûߵſڣԶԶҾʵӦҲԿô˵ȥңοôһӣҪɴȥȢǸ̫ӣԺ˵ܼ̳жĻλҲʡ˺ܶˡ 
סڣѾͷ죡û˵꣬ݾѾ 
ЦЦæŶ룬ٱȥѷˡ 
¡ԭһ̷߰΢Цӭ 
Һܿعţ紺ĺ⵲档̷꣬û˸մӻʱֻжֱѩǣȻָ˽ȴһηˡ 
ʵֻҪû£ηʲôĸ⣬Ūů͵ûˡοҲŸɱ 
ɰһݣ̲סЦ 
ܺЦǲǣݺݺݵضҡ 
ôһ˵˶Ц 
ǶһſҵЦݴųһ仰ˡ 
ݣ̷Щĵؽһ 
ûû¡ЦƢһˡ 
ǡ㣬ôҲ֪ഩ·Цеؽ̷˫ֺġ 
ˣȸˡԾ˳ȥ 
ôġ̷ǳǳһЦ 
ܣҺ˵糯ϵ¡ӵݡ 



3 



ڷ̷´һ磬ȥݹһôԹҲɢˡϣûȴس˽ 
ôˣ˭ְˡ̷ǳԾǺЦ 
̴磬ס죡İ뱭裬һȥ 
ʲôˣҲھǵʱȻϾﵽܷ﹬ܻסϽġϾ̷ҵĽûʲô˼ɣȴñЩǵл˵ΪϽҲʱӼλ죬Ҳ󻰡 
ǸĶ̫ӣһֱҲţҶȫЦˣ˿ҶһҪЦЦӣҧгݵص 
ꡪʵ̲סЦ 
㲻ҽҪЦץסҵͷصس˳ 
ۡʹҲҽһҪ״ıɱ׷򰡣 
㣡ɿ֣ɫһӱúѿһ۲תߡ 
ݣһ֪ˣæһѱס 
ˣûлͷֻǳ˵һ䡣 
һΪʲôˣΪĽҲΪҵȡЦĽȻáӭȢ׸֮۰ŮˣҸղֵЦĿҲˡ 
ҴûŮˡ̾˿ 
Ͻ˭Ұˣ̷絭һЦ꣬Ҳ˵ڱ߹أѪսֹֿСҹء 
ԣԷˣͷŻҲûʲôɣҿɷԸϲԵĲˡζȵķϣˡ 
㵽װҵʲôСӣСݲͷŰ֣Ц˳ 
ҵֻƯָ߰è̷ԶҲŸ˵ 
ǰڻ԰ͤģͤӶֻлʼҲеģڿˣ̿ʯĵذҲпյģʹѩͤҲܲ˿ 
ͤʱһǶȺˡ 
ȻССؾһ¡ϹȻٻܷ﹬ڷֻΣÿζΪ˸̷ˡ£ȥϢ˹ġ 
ѵة󣬲һŰɡ̷ 
ˣֻһ۵ġϹȻҡҡͷݸһӡ 
ʲô糯ʱ˵ֽӹûֻ˭ݵģ 
ϹȻ˵ţ˶٣ּһ䣬Ҳͬˡ 
ô֣أҵһЦǱ򵽳˰ɣ 
ûôأֻվϢ˹˰ˡϹȻ赭дص 
һ£ЦϢ˹һֱסôҪʲôˣ 
֪ʡϹȻһЦϢ˹ʺ֮أȻסڴˣػһְĴͳ 
Ҽ첻ȥüֽһߣϣҲʺ󣿡 
ϣҪϹȻȻ 
ֻҪ 
һ֮Ϊ¼̳лλáϹȻ˵ţ۹ɨһȦһΪ浮̫ӵŮΪǱµΡ 
ʲôҪΣһҸûϲŮӣʺʲô˼ŮҲƽ 
ƽйƽġϹȻǴһ˿΢Ц̫Ȼ֮ˣֻΪʵۣЩ޷ѡ񡣡 
ƽˮӣҲЩǰӶм֮ף˿̸̣ĲǷ绨ѩ£ȴһ֪˭Ů˵Ļ£ʲô 
̷ݣϹȻֻһ䣺Լ 
ǣǿˣҿʲôѵǸպϿղɣݺ߲Ҳǣ 
ҴӺ﷢һЦҶ᳾Ѿ죬ɹܲңƣ 



4 




ҹ 
Сĵز߳˯̷磬ĵ·߳ȥϹȻѧ书Ȼ㲻ϸ֣Ҳͷʮ󺺽ȻڵĻṦҿɻǵ 
һҹĿں̨ 
ϳʱҺͼǶAƬ͵ĻϾŮȴû˿顣ʱҾ֪ҶŮûȤֱ˸УһۼǸҸһѧ᳤ƣɲǼĶףϲˡ 
ϹȻȻҪȢһŮˣ 
ô󳼣ΪʲôƫƫҪ˵ǰһϻڴϲˣȻһҪȥȢһŮˣɽҪ 
ѵÿ﷢ѵĻУѶһˡ 
ĵӿһ˿ĸоǰǸ峿Ҳͬˣ˵ͬĻ 
֪˰ɡ 
šһЦ¿ȥܷա 
Ҳʺ󡣡ε̾˿ 
Щ԰ˣ˵ڣǶ֪ȴûй˼ɡŮص˸оƺκλԶ˵ 
·ĵģֹǻʺɣ 
ǰұϥǣ̧ͷ죬ûлʺҪҪû̫ӡֻҪλ˼̳ˣȻҲ˰ɡ 
ȵؿһۣЦĳɳ˲١ 
ֲǱֻǡĲġ 
ͲǺõġ 
Ըȥ 
ǻÿة׼׼ˡ 
ҰԹؿһۣĺĺ֪ΨһµľϹȻˡ 
ɴҵĻʺˣҳڶ 
Ҳһ仰ŪˣðʧЦ±ЦȲػѣȥϽı 
ƲƲ죬˵ʧԣɷϵģﻹйͷ뵱ʺŮˣҲһˡ 
²ǳ˵ͷȻֱվϵĻҳˣҲЩϢɣ 
ͷȻֱôҵ۾ʱðͷֳãôɣ 



΢ʱƥ˾ţֱȥ 
ˣϣֵؼ㵸 
£ةġ̷΢΢ķñһΡ 
أȻҿɲĻʲôӣҳȥܱܷͷ 
Ȼ߾ս£ҲҸ䣡 
ָȨϣʲô¡Ҳػش 
¡̷һ̾ס˿µ 
ôˣæͣ 
˳Ŀ⿴·ߵʮﳤͤҲɵҲסˡ 
£ĳվ˶ƮȻɡ 
ݣʧ 
ҿǴ쿪ʼˡݷȻһЦ 
ϽôͻȻӳʧ٣ҰŶͷһ 
ɷ佫սʱԲϳôͿةֶˡߣСһ䣬˦Ҷңȥ 
϶ˣǽ̷ЦţȻûзԵ˼ 
֪ͨġָ 
ʲôʱôˣͻȻޣҵƨϳһޡ 
ۣʹ񱼣æϣץסϣȻҵҪȥ 



5 



ǰһ̷ֱֻ֪书ܺãһţҲŷ֣ɲ书öѡȻѾ꣬ÿ챻ϹȻŹңҲûʲô棬ݵ˽һʱºͣͱ˵ȴˡ̷һ·ϰŵ׵֪Ҫǳ 
͵͵뿪ǵƺûй¶Ȼ֪ϹȻôģһ·ȴǷƽ˾߰칤Ѿǡ 
ݵǶӵķأҲĹ硣 
ƻʱ֣ƥڳſر֮ǰ߽Ǵš 
ݷسĬ̾ӣص㲻ģǲųŻûأ뿪 
ǲģֻепƫͷһȺڴ׷ֵĺӣЩįֻ꣬ﶼˡǰͳ£ҴûЩϰЦôġ 
ܲб𣿡ҳһ£˳Ȼı췴ȴϾǻ֮ҲộֻιšҶϵĵܵʵȱøУȥּǴΣûȥ 
עرȨʱȻͨյݶЦЦ 
Ҵ˴̲סЦʹǸ˺棬Ҳǲ˵һ仵ô 
ǰհҵȴǻϵ̷֮΢ЦŲһ䡣 
ٺ١ҺܿЩĻ⡣ȻĶҲˣÿУԼµĴʩּ⵽Чȴǲö֪ԱǱҲֻ㣬ϾϲǹٳĴͳһ·ۿշʳ˵˲̵ʵʥһ˿ɾ͸С 
첻סջˣҼްɣѾ˸лظ 
ңظһ顣 
ѵҾͲмҰݺЦص 
ǸеˡҲ˼ЦСʲô𣿡 
˭иҵģһ´ʹһֱȥأ 
иɩӡ¶ɫ漴գգ۾ֻǲ֪ҾǸɱ˲գ۵Ѫսѡ 
㡭òһŲ֪ɣһȻ׹ 
ֻΪµѡʼ磬ȥǣʱҵԼˣٻͦŵġ 
ΪҪʱвİѱĿİɣһЦ 
ҲɣݲεЦЦؿңôζôذ 
Һݺݵصһۣ֪ͺã 
Ǻܵ㣿̷۵Ĳͬ 
дŸǱƽ˵򶫽ºͶսݵ 
ǶɩҪ֪ܻ࣬ŵñչȥ 
ˡݴͷһͨĺԺſڷ 
̧ͷ˿Ժӣ򵥣ᣬɼ˵Ӧò 
磡ǰ˴š 
һͷŴһŮ˵˭ 
ɩңݣݴ 
һ󼱴ٵĽŲŴŶһſˣǰǸѮҵòŮˣﱧŸ޶һ˫۾תţؿǰİˣһ 
Сݣˣһ¶ϲı飬æÿ·˿˻𣿿 
粻𣿡ʵ 
硭ԣϲõıȥ 
ʲô𣿡̲סʡ 
˰еĺӷڵϣԼȥ棬ݾ䣬ȥ۽ǵ飺ǰٸȥ֪ôĲ£˵Ҳıɡ 
鲻ǹȥ𣿡ҲʡҿǼǵһǰҾ¹ıһΪֹطٲǣ޹ġ 
ߣǱŷҪǮˣƫƫǸʵù˷ݵġһߡ 
Сݣ⻰ɲ˵Сĸȥ˻æֹ 
εغ̷һۣʹϽݵƢҲ˿ģҺҲǸɱĻʵۡ 



6 



Ȼִ٣γСˣȻʲôɽ亣ζҲˬɿڣҳԵ޲ڡֻһֱŸҲ˵ 
˱㱧źӳȥˣ˸Ử˿οˣһȥžǡ 
ҵƫͷܿҵ֡ 
˭һͺͶһɰ仰ǲ˵ģɲǻʵۻʲôȻ书Ͼ̫Զˣ 
ôЩԱ̷΢Цʡ֪ںʵʱ˵еݣʱҿҲ̲סԴס 
˵ˣʱҡ᳾ǣҰѰԹһ䡣һֱ˽ҵ֣ϧڹǶֻϽб£ǼżڵģҲǳ֣һƲѡγУΪݶȡˡҶ᳾ֵȻҪǽˣ 
磡 
Żش⣬ǰִһ 
ȡվȥһˣܲôɩһŮ˼ҳ档 
Ҳȥ̷˳ȥֱңϻ֣кϷأ 
ݴŵʱѾǳͷˣҪû˿ţǾʹŶˡ 
ǸʲôģһЩ·ĺӾûøС 
ʲôˣͷĲͷһľ棬ֻ֪һŮ˺һСŵ˭Ȼƽеƾ˶ʮ겶Ҳеѹء 
ݡݵرǰ֣ҹģ֪λͷкιɣ 
ŵܲͷĪ־ɣƽ֮ϵáͷ˵ţȡһŹġ 
ΪҴıİӰɡݿûһۣ˰ĹؼңȻһˣαΪɩɩһ˼ңҺһ˾ˡ 
ҪǿϺȻòĪ־˵ţÿһ· 
СݣҪȥ˾̵س˳ 
ɩûµġЦЦ 
ǻչģɩġ̷˵ţֱ߹Ī־ɵĪͷһ£ǵܲͷĪʲôˡ 
ֶ֣Ī־һ㵣ʵ˵ˣϾиҲǼܳ 
ܺá̷ͷû˵ˡ 
ҸɿһЦĪͷҶӵѣ˰Щ֪ɷͨһ£أ 
Ī־ɺɵؿһۣƺЦһϵʵʲôëֻõ˵ͷԣ׼ˣ 
ͷ㿴޸֮һʲôˣأҹһ̯֣˸εı顣 
ߣĪ־ֶһۣŻֵߣ 
Сݣ׷ȴˡ 
׼ҴɩۻûӰ;ؿһʹҲˤ˳ȥ 
Ӵ 
ҲǱؿҽУСĵؽ˷˻ȥģλѶбµˣذѴġ 
7 



δãѼǰƻͨҳһˡ 
ʲôˣĪ־ץסһۺʡ 
ܲͷͺˣո˴ӹϰ˷ƽˣ 
ʲôһĪ־ɺݵĺࡣ 
һץסؿڵ·ȵʲô˽Ҵ磿ǶǳԸɷĲɣ 
ݣ侲㣡æǸļһħצоûµģ 
ô֪еŸȾ侲ֻǿҵɫе֡ 
ǹҰҿĪ־æŴǰĻңûעǣ󵨵§סߵûɩƺһ㶼𣿡 
Ҵɩһ 
ƽյĴϻ۶ȥˣε̾˿ɷıץô򾲵شڼˣֻиղŲſʼż˵ĵֻ㣬硣 
ҴֻǸͨˡ 
ĿУǲҲֻǸСϰԵͷʱԸıܶµģ뿪ôãô֪ǲǸͨˣ 
ҡֻ˵һ֣еɫ˼¡ 
ҶԸһееʹֻ࣬ϣܹƽкܶ¶ǲԼġһ˵һؽ뻳С 
Ҳʿɶֹһ㣬˿췢ˡ̷Ҷ 
̧ͷֻĪ־ɺݺݵص˵صǡ 
ʲôÿ˿ûΡѿ֮һ۵ɻȥ 
ҿ΢΢̷һۣԳ̾ѡ˵߳īߺôǸһ𣬻ô׺ߵģҲܷϣ̷ʱɬı 
ȥɣĪ־˿ŭѹȥάƽյϣñǴ󵨵ֵһңֻί﹫סһˡ 
°ҵɷˣݽüһ̽ȥ 
æץס֣ȥЦҪǾôͲ춯ǵݣ޷ˣԺô氡 
ֻɷѡĪ־ɵ 
һ㣬һһа취ġҼѵذ»ˣĪ־ߡ 
ʲô̷ʵ 
͵ԡթ˦ʣŤͷߡ 
̷һ£ЦŸҪҪæ 
ҲңһץõǽתһȦ˸עĽ䣬˷ 
̷֮ɫû뵽ҲʱܰṦزɣʵҲṦÿ򻹲Զˣ 
ǵǰи˵ҵıʤʱҪٶ׷ϵˣʧʱҲҪٶȳսɴ˿ܲṦǷǳҪ 
鷿鷿һ߶ţһѰڵĽ 
Ǹ˰ɣʱҵмϹȻˣʱ鶼˲٣Ȼʹ࣬Ҳˡ 
Сģ̷һ 
ʵ۵һпֶĵҵȥ 
ָȥıǷ㣡ôִû˻أ 
̷ҵĻûЦʵۣԳư 
ҺñǸ֪˭Ľٷһ֣˶ܵǰȥˣԺи˲٣ûʲô鷿ſڡ 
ȡһ֧ԭõ룬Ū˼£ɵؿš 
ΪʲôҲ᣿̷Ĳ˼顣 
һ飬ܲ˵Ϊǰ̫ƤؽգضˣȻѧԼȥˡοĹ򵥶ˣ˵ֱСһֻǰһֱûбֵĻˣ 
ȥ˵ҶҪֽ 
ʻʵ۱£Ҫʲô̷޿κεʡ 
ѽ̰˽ٱ񷴡ֻҪǹٿͷ֤ݣҾˣ˵ţѾʼϵļ 
Щö֮ذҡ̷Цã鷿ɲ˵ĽأұȽϺðɣ 
ĿûУһûеġҷȥߵܡ 
ʲô 
ʥּȥּıǣԱĹٰ񣡡ҵЦ¹ԵøӽթٵûӡɧңҸּûɣ 
͵Ĺٰ֤̷һ 
һʱ̷֪Ȼ⣺еİĶһһģô֪Ҵ͵ġҪʱ̫ԼŪһҲʲô¡֮ 
ɣ̷ߵһǰֳһš 
ô֪Ҵؽ˹ 
鷿ŷŵ鶼һĳɹ棬Ȼҵ˻ 
ǺǡЦⱧסһ£ҹȻûз硣 
ˡ̷ 
8 



֪ãҵĵһԲˡ 
˼ͨӪľƹݣ̷ϼ͵ȥһˡɧƺһֱûƽϢʱɼһӶ۰ҰѲ顣 
˽һ˷ҪôС𣿡Һؽס˲С˳˴ͭȥ 
ΪҹûʲôҪкҲǿǮķϣСչͷСλ͹٣¶Сĸǣɱ˵ҽİ 
ȻҺ̷һۣҲͷ˹ȥѹİɣģѡ 
ҿɽС۾ܿתһȦûע˵Ǹ˿ɲֹǽ˷˵үء 
˻棡ҳһѣ˾͹ˣбҪһ𣿱Ͼٶ 
ȻġСƺвŵ˼е㲻ˣŵĶСǻشõĻƣ˵үɷƵģѲ̴뵽ȥأҴȥĶЩֹѪ˵ҩ 
С磬ллˡָ˿Ӱߣô 
鲻ô򵥰̷ɫЩأݲμӿǶԵġ 
ţҲң£ɴŰɣҳЦЦ 
ԸûʲôǣȻݡ̷üͷ΢壬˵һͣ˿ڡ 
ǵģҹⳤ̾˿ 
ôˣ̷һ 
ҳԴˣҰԹض۾ڹݱȹһ࣡ 
˵ʲô̷ЦõصֻǾݺҵܵܶѡ 
ܵܣһе㲻ζ޲̾ʹԼźáȻǰˣֹݣ̷ĹȥҲû˽˵ûǲְء 
ţҪǻţҲô˰ɡ̷˵ţӹһ˿Ȼɫ 
һ𣬴ס֣㻹ǡ 
ǰ̷һӴӶԹȥĻоѹ 
ԶһġһִûʹùǱ֤ 
һ̣֪κˡκ¶޷һԡ 
̷ǳǳأЦأ 
΢΢һͷӦ˵ǸԶھǣְ˶εһ̾ϢҲ֪ 
̷֪۾ 
ҺǲͬˣҪģҲܸҪģԸҵͷȻЦȴ쳣ؿɬ 
̷練סҵ֣ҳĬԡ 
ȻҴһƷζ֣ʦة࣬ػߡǰԵʼǸҹҾףǵĿöôȴʼûа취ȫ£Ϊ֮䣬ԶһС桱֡ 
9 



޷ϢҺһ꣬µ˶ûУһлʲô壿ҪıƻˡȻҪǰƽǸٷ˸ҳ 
磬֪Ǹʲôʺ϶صĵط𣿡ʡ 
̷类ʵôһ£Ǳ͸Χ䲻٣Ҫ˵Ļطʵ̫ˡ 
ʶضƱССغһڣԳ˼ţڳŽϣҪܳȥףĿ⻹ǷڳڱȽϺáҵĻһ㣿¥ջ϶УͨռҡƽˣױϳѶҰѲĲ졣ôأ 
͵̧ͷö̷۾ƺҪ˵ʲôӣЦȻû˵ڣֱӦҪ˵Ļͬġ 
ߣҶ·Ǯץ̷˳ȥ 
ǽٷˣһô˻ң벻ڶܡʹһ磬ΣյĵطȫĵطйŻġ 
Һһϵ·һ񱼻صҡ 
ԺһƬֻжһյƵĵƣ˵ķ䡣 
Ūɣ̷ҪǴˣ͵ݵȭͷɣҿɲ㡣 
İɣһŵػشһСĵڷŲ 
ǰø¹꣬ƬϻˮգʹбݶӻŬƽµСĵزƬ 
̷вףֲңֻ 
֪ʲôҪǲ´ˣóȻݶ͵ɾǼǳʧ¡һ˷֣ͰٿĪˡ 
һǺаյģ˵Ϊʲô̤ҵǿĵ׾һַǳֵĸоеϴеУû취̷͡ 
Ų˷ϣſСؽ⿪һƬƬ 
Сģڵƹ͸¶˲䣬̷ץסҵһһƨϣͬʱһöϸС崩Ҵ򿪵С̷һԴϷǶһɡˣľ绹ҵʹ 
ηڴˣ̷һ֮ɫȻ֮书֮ѳԤϡ 
ùһҲ㲻ˣҲƽǵ͵ΪɣﴫһʵĻ 
͵ԣҲᡣ֮£Īûʵ۾Ȼ˵ɼ֮ͽ 
ټȻѾ֣Ҳ֤ʵҵĲȷûҲݶ磬ɴȻ󷽷Ŷ롣 
Ҷӣסڣ۾֮ɫ 
Ҵһˣһ˴Լʮͣмƣֻ˵Ӣһ˿ţӦþƽˡһȴǸڣͷؤʵ˸ǿ书ö 
ʶλӣƽȻ 
λСݴѡ˵ 
СݵѣƽȻһ˿ɻ󣬡֪λΪԴСֶν뺮᣿ 
ߣǾҪˡҾһ£ûصүⱲǱˣ棡 
΢΢һ죬ֻ˵ֱҲ˵ȥ 
ˣСأƽ 
áǿش𡣲֪ΪʲôҶݵĸһøжǷû滹ûʲôоڿˣָо͸ˡһ뵽ҵܿ࣬ȴʲô֪عӣҾһջ 
ʣؤһȻʦүǸö뺦Сݰ 
硭ƽص 
ģȥһˣ˾ȳؤݺݵһۡ 
ȻҲʶ˲һɣǴĵ׷һ˿⡣治֪۵ôôһ˫۾ 
վס˵̷һΣѵſڡ 
ǲؤԭӱýһ 
ûп̷ֹ书Ҳ䡣οؤһǸ֣ѧ书ǷȱľǾ飬˸ಫܴ 



10 



ʱڶһһعȥ˼̲סǰϣƽסˡɬ۾˿ҷɣ˿ƽѰŶԷֻҪ֣һбɷֳʤ 
СС˶Ȼ򵥡ؤͻȻڴгĬա 
ֱеסϷ򸾴 
ͬʱﴫһ·ľƤϵ죬Ȼεأѵ졣 
ǲڲӰɣƽһĿЦz 
ҪٱͺˡţʼôûֹǡƵǰ棬ֻѰվԺСֻؤ̷֣ɫҲˡ 
˭ӮˣҿһͷˮӦֻǽһаɣ 
ؤȻЦ 
磬û°ɣƽҵؿ 
޼Ĵ˹Ȼ˵áؤЦתɱࡣ 
ǰʶȸ̷һ֮£һĨɡ 
޼ĸףû뵽˷ļ޼һ֪ģȻһʷϼأǶʮǰֵһ֡ 
ʶؤҲ֪ľһӱѸٶһ仰ҲˣһαûҹɫУֻԶԶͻһ仰ȥҵССӴ 
ǰһ󺰣ȥԶˣﻹֻﰧ̾ѡǺܼ򵥵ȴŪôӣؤ쿴̫Ҹصĥҵġ 
ȥҲˣοҲҵȰһͷݺݵصƽøҽȻԼŰ죡 
ҶӻǽɣҴͷ˵𡣡ƽЦ 
Ҳáy 
ߵſڣҲĿɿڴҸոմǸ䣿ֱҲһĶ治֪˽һôôң 
Ǹ뵽ɡ˵ 



λǰǽ˳ңࡣƽصʵֻǺģǱҷ򸾾ˣӴ㾭ͣȤţ˳ҲһЩǳ书ǣ˵ұȥ쿪ؽҽ˳ʵֻǺöģҪٸԵġ 
ôˣ̷ҳĬ̲סʵb 
ҷ䷸³һ˵ǧŵԣһ֣ٲҪӸԽ֮ôҲıɱٰ͢ɣ 
֪ƽҲǿЦѣȰҪܣǡ 
ˣҷðڰ֣㿴ķϣҲòˡ 
ƽɵؿңƺܡg 
Ͽ챣ǷӲҪʲô°ɣûذһۡ 



11 



磡 
ſţ 
⴫һ㲻ҾӲơ 
ǰɣʱ򣿡һ 
ô죿ҷ㿴ңҿ㣬ûһȥӦš 
᳾̷ҡ 
εص˵ͷȥЩٲȻӻͳ͵ĹٰӸƽ֪㻹ţԼ˵ȽϺá 
ƽȻҶô֪ 
ıҾ֪µòһǰ׷ıһΪʲôԭΪʲôҪץ㣿Ϊ֮һ²һ£οּֿ 
ѵģȻԼɷŵɫ 
£ûе¡ƽЦŰӣȥ 
ҿҲ췴ˣĪǻʲôΪ֪ܣҵȵֻʣ˲̽ʡ 
ֱңƽĶҺҪ򲻵ѣҲݵֳǿ̷ҲǲˣԣԶڶϣԼļ˹ƽͨԸ 
ο㣿ƽʡ 
Ǹиļͥʺǣʼ磬ɵصҲ˵ҿŵöࡣָԵܹиִµ𣿡 
ҵȻ֪粻СƽȻȴᶨصǣҸɡҲܰȫѺһϡ 
ôͻȻЦܵܵİ˵ݹ 
ȡƽ͵Ǻܣ˵һ飡 
˵ܵܵİ˵ݹҴظһ飬漴Цһ񣬡˵ǲҲóһ簡 
㣡ƽſڽһֵСݵˣڻڴȻЦó 
ǱûûεץץͷȻаΣˡ 
ߣаգ֪֪شǸʲôطƽŭòˣȻΪΪʲôȥΣ 
̾˿Ϊ㰡Ҫһǵͷ˺ǳ⼸սϵĻԻͼ¼ǼٵġοϽݰҲǱ¶ݶѡ 
㵽ôſңҸɴֱ˵ʡ 
С˵ƽشøɴࡣ 
ҾͷʹԭǾôβŹ֧ݵģ˵һֻصԭ㣿 



12 



ôˣʲô𣿡̷һűܵнŵζ 
ٺ١ҸЦһҹɰĵܵء 
̷һ㶣漴ȻʧЦ 
֪ҵĻ̷磬Ҳϣ֪ʡ΢΢ЩھΣ룬֪Ļһݵġ 
Щٲˣ⳶⡣ 
̷ɫЩŹ֡ 
ôˣҾˣ 
һ̷˵ţÿ· 
ֻ߽һٷ꣬Ƿ޳ʵĳԵжɴ䣬һӾ˺øС 
ܲͷĪƼҶӡ깧һȴûκζ£Ȼ֪ҵݣ̷ֱ羯ò𴩵ġ 
Īƣܲͷ 
ӣĪܲͷ참;оǣиϮٸ˳ֹһ¡̷Ա߽ͣڵĳϣž֮ 
ŶҲÿɷĵ˵ͷȴʼҧгݡһھǴ˽ˣ˹ٲѲҲ²̨Ǹ˵Сòã 
磬֪ڴˣе֮ĪƽˡĪƿ̷һ۲ŵ 
磿˭׼еôˣ̷ƺ˵ĪǹʽʱЩζĪʱĺøҲˡ 
ӣ̷ֻǲ˵̲סһ 
Ҫ£Ҵڤѹ̷һۡ 
̷ĪãȻ֪Լʲô 
ȣһɿȣָָƽҺͷ羭ǣպ˽ٳ﹫ӣ㽫оˡ 
ԭˡĪȻپһʱҲ뵽ûʵ۹ٷˣֱ׳˵Ϲɣ 
ĪܲͷǲӦüȥѰأҰʾ 
ǹӵİȫĪƳɵҡ 
зڣû˵ҵġ 
ĪȻЩԸҵĻҲ˵ϣݲߡ 
Ȼ˿úϢһµʱԺͻȻص 
ʲôˣĪƵһ˳ȥ 
ʣͷص˼ߣôùɣǷӾʱ 
뵽Ǽͬʱȥ 
ס֣һ󺰡 
Īһ㶣ԭһؤϳ书˼Ժ뽫£ǿаݴ˻书ӦǱȵǸʵڲҲֻܽͣȴҾȻиڣҿӹ򻹺ܲ 
Сݣû°ɣƽȥһѱסݣǡЩûжô 
Щˣһ²ŷӦ˵Щ䣬һЦǸҶôӵ˭ɷ˵ͰҴأ 
û£ƽ´ƺһһ¡ 
²Ź֣صغһҵǴεʱ򣬵ǼٲһҸϽɷǴߣ 
˭ǼҶֶţĿһתָĪƣµĽٷˣϿץ 
ĪΪܲͷȻϵݵģֻǰʵеŹ֣һʱҲҶ֡ 
Īͷߵ 
кηԸĪشҵĻȴϡ 
ˡͻȻ֣һֵϡ 
ĪƴҲû뵽һͻȻ͵ϮһԵػ˹ȥ 
ӣ̷һ 
εʼ򣬽ĪϽһͷڴϡ̷ңҿɲԸҵķ̫ӽֻԼˡ 
һ˭ 
ܲͷĪơƺ༫񣬳ССһؤȻͶǲֵ 
Сݲ񣡡ƽεصΪֺѣҲרȥġ 
˭Ҫˣ˵ݵɫѿ֡ 
˵ҵССӣŭЦôͳ˵ô 
ôΪϲĳ𣿡ûңֱԺȥҪԡ£ 
ıӰƺе΢ĲĵͻȻݺݵһʹȻǴӺζˡ 
Һ̷Ȼ谮ͬ䱦һ㣬ĵ׶γɵľʵôϵġݴܳҺ̷֮κ˵ĴȻһ·ð 
ҿЦҡҡͷʾ̷ȥһ¡ 
ӦԼȥƽ⣬ĪƵ⡭ѵҽעǸµɣòܳʹⲻ˲Ͱ 



13 



࿴Īƣƽʾº߽ķ䡣 
ҶĪǹٸˣƽ 
ǰɣ룬ʵӦǹٸͷɣ 
ǺǡƽЦòĪεزǼа֮ҪĶҿԽ㡣ҪˣСɱԹҡ 
ҾͲҰ첻ɵ£һЦ 
ƽĬĬؽ⿪ͷӷȡһű˿ңȥɣ 
ҵû뵽ȻҪĶϣҲĵϸݵֵء 
չ˿ϸӬͷС֣ƺЩֺעż򵥵ϣһʮֲĸҡ 
ǣ̧ƽ 
Ӱƽϸһ˿⣬ѾѪڸϸƽʱûκϵֻҪаӰͿԽΪá 
ҳһϸ˿ϵֵ֣һǱĪǰǳʣ亹Ҫÿ˶Ӱ̫ˣһС˳Ұİ 
ôֻɵؿƽ 
ΪҾǰӰ찡ƽ˵Ƶ顣 
ʲôһվüӡ 
ʲôֵġƽЦú䣬Сʣжô 
ȻѾ˶ˣȻеֵܱ˴вòЧ磬ҿԶҲѧ˵ֶΣҲŰ²ѣǰһսӮúգǳݵϷ˸ֻڵľƾȫͬˡ 
ǲܴˣһŸĪƣǷϾȥϹةࡣҵϣֽ˿ϵݿ˼飬ȷܱ󣬽ةࡣ 
ңƽȵؿңûȥӡ 
ֳΪʲôţҰ˿ϣߵſڣֻͷһ䣬Ѿˣ㶮ôѡԼõ·Чҵ͢ǡ 
ûм˵û˵ڵĻ 
Ӱ²Ҫݣġһ仰 



°꣬Ҳɵüӿ˽Ų 
ݣ 
㲻Űϴɾһ̷ݵһۣƺŭδ 
һЦΪܿһЩٶ˵ĳأʧ߰ 
ǰһ𱧽һ¶һõЦˣǾ·ɣ 
ˣôģݻɵؿң̴հء 
ҽĪưɩ͵ǣĲŻΪ񲻿ϧˣЦһ£ǵôҲ뱩¶ݾͲܶôֻýĪƴĸ˶棬˳Ѻȥú˵ջء 
ôȥôظһ䣬ƺϢе㲻֪롣 
ôˣֵҲһЩʱ۰Ҳؿ 
ݵһЦСͯӣȻңĹ⻷£ֻԼһǴҲ֪ôദ 
úø̸̸ɣͷ㣬ղŶ̬ȿɲ̫Ŷ 
ǡ 
ֵʲô˵ġ̷ҲοһҪ˰ 
šڵ˵ͷ 
ȥɣ̷΢ЦŰƳȥ 
Ҵش˸Ƿ§̷һٲ˯춼ˣ˯˯ 
㱣ֻ֤˯̷ƿҡ 
ұ֤ǵġεԹһ䣬浱˰ôֶֻۣ뱧úϢѡ 



ʮ  



14 



ɣȴů紺 
û뵽ĪһﾹȻƽϾٰѹ԰˰ӼฮԼҪһԻһճ˵ţƤǰ˦˦һţһ߼Ц㣡ܹò񵱳ģҲһˣ 
뿪ǣұ¹طȥ˵ʵҲһζôοܣһ㵽ڿһͬʱ˳̽̽ 
ǣϸʵڲǸʺϳеĺͦʺյġ 
ô᲻õĻ͸һؾεؿߵݡ 
ҪſһﲹߣһԺػش 
㰡ȥ˵˵ʲôû˵Сһͷ 
ҪϽһΪڷաزҵ֣ˣ𳳡 
ֻÿЦΪö 
ӣǰ˺ҪɱܲܣͻȻĪƵ 
ʲôȻܣ˰һæԸ 
˵ˣĪƵôᶨ¾˵Ҳûðɣ 
һͣסˣȻǱгʵص 
ȥ䣬㲻ҪСĵذѳ˯ݷϣֹҪҵ̷磬Լ³ 
ĪѴɡΪסƮ˿ 
·ߵһʮͷ꣬סźԣϻŰ 
Ҽξ֪谭г̵ˣϼָŵϵƿڴ㻹ǲ˰ʲô˵¾ȻҪɱͣӦСûôУɱҲˣͶӷײǽʲôѡƫƫҪѧŮһ޶ϵֱ˵ˣ 
ӱҲɷ˵һ󳴶ƵĴ۾Լɱ¸һɶˡ 
аҼٲ粻ƫү·ˮúõس̤࣬ȻϸˣǸСЩģˣñһծ 
˵ûУʵ̲סϲָֻ첱Ӵ֡ǵģҸط𣿾ôǣ̤أҲʲô 
ҵǡꡱһЦ˳ôڲ˰ɣ 
һ㶡˵ʵô߰һѾ࣬ûôᶨˡⷬ⣬Цһ 
˱󣬵ʲô·ܽ˵ǿ԰æĪº͵ص 
ǰﲻҵġӵͷ 
㲻˵ô֪ǰﲻˣҲطЦҰ첻˵û 
ӣ滹꣬絽˵ɣ̷ƿҺݺݵصһۡ 
Ҳ±еǿ壬ԹԵظ 
ôˣ۾ʵؿңϻ䣬΢ҵ͸¶һջķ顣 
ȻûϵﻹƾɫӣɵûӲֽŶ֪Ķš 
ʲôҺܿؽݱػһĿû£˯ɣ 
Ҫ˼ʵˡ̷΢΢һЦ˱ȲȱůůӰɣʲôΪ֮£Ҽҹӿ԰㲻У˵Ҳһǿ 
ҡԥһ£ڿ˿ڣһ仰ҲһͷĵϣҽжҸ¹ؽ򱱽ӢǰɣĿɿڴؿ˵̫û̫ȸ˶ǴͷӢҼǵõһμ³֮սҲʶء 
ϵüҸɫı仯 
ţмֽɡҵ˵ͷֱ˵ɣһ˵ϼ仰ġ 
϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫղŻһƺһ 
ǶŽ֮ӣȴƺϰա̷ɻص 
ʽ̹Ȼϲ䣬ǶӣҸ಻ϣҽ۳ɳҲ˳Ȼˡ 
ѹֵûأ¸ĸİҡҡͷͬؿȻ֪ȴҪȥѰ¸ô 
֮˳أкȤ 
㿴ļҵС㣬㸸׷ԣһ㶣ԭǸΪɱģ 
СûˣҸҪŵԵˡЦҰϵǸˡ 
ˣҿ˿̷磬֪ɷ޹涨Ӳóɻ飬ʵϣ֮¼࡭ 
Ǽжӣ縺ΪżҴڽӴΣ޺޵һȭڳϡ 
ãϲһ 
ʹһͺ˯ȫˡ 
Ǹεɿ֡ 
ݰһۣ·̷ȥ 
ˣȥ˵Լֵ˱ȣˣϲǸ˽ʲô 
һ죬͵͵˵һ 
ۡҰѸպȽһڲȫ˳һУ˭˵˭ 
һ˲òȥһĲˮ㶵ص¹ƫ亮 



15 



ظ˼·¹ΡسǽңңȻѲǵһμųһص۹أһǲΪİƶ̾š 
ദطȻԸеųĲŵĲʱƵĿҲһףĥĥܴõİɣ 
̾˿ƺıأʼԾվڻʵ۵ĽǶ˼⣬ǰھﱻžͲ˵ˣ˾ǣɵģôԼʼ벻أ 
ڶʼջиں´̼֮ģѿ쵽¹أڻ̲סʳڣмһֱ֣ҪɱҸطͿԣΪʲôҪصܵؼ·̵ĵطȥѲˮرã 
ԭ̸ЦĶɫһӱùŹ 
Īлʲô飿һ 
ʵһۣµصʵº֣¹Ӳš 
ʲô˵ҵغıˡ 
˸ҵأĳĳʱǸطȥͶ٣ϹС 
㲻ǿЦɣǿ¶ЦݣҲţҪû·ˣ 
ҵʱֻ룬ӦòӦҲ˰ɣ 
̧ۿ̷ݣûظеһ˿ơҿɲŶǸƭƭȵʿϹèӡǣʲô˾׼ȷԤҵг̣һƺ֪ҵݣ 
ݰĿ䵽Ŵ¶˼ɫ 
ĪƲˡ̷Цҡҡͷ 
ô֪ҵֹһ䣬̷ΪĪ˵Ҿһ 
˵ʲôʲô𣿡ؿǡ 
Ӧûж⣬Ȼͻֱɱˡ̷ЦЦʾҲ̫ġ 
ӣҪˡĪƵ洫 
Ŷáһ˿ڣϾոջڱ˵˼һ 
¹Ǿصأ˵ȿ¶Ҫϸ̲飬ܷŹӸкأ̷ 
ҲȻһʡ¹ؾɵ³֮սвдĲɾҺ̷ٲױϳΪ֧ӵ˧ʶ̫ˣ 
û⣬ҿ˵λǼҸĿˡͷ⡣ 
Ҳ򱱽Ĺӻǵܿͨм飬˹ڡ 
Ҷֱȥ𣿡ͷ 
Ҳáͬˡ 
һ꣬˿̵¹ѲǵǸʬɽѪĵǰҵһƬȻΪǾصأϲʱԿһѶѲߵĹٱ 
˵Ҳɣ򱱽ǵסյۡĽɵģſͣȣҵ̷ݽ 
Ҷӣ롣Ծǰ· 
Ҿٲϣ֪Ϊʲôܸоһ˿ѵʵ۵ˣҲԽԽСˣ 
ҰԳЦԼʱյĴһӴˣһɫӰ˹ 
Сģ̷ĪƼͬʱֽһ 
ݣҺ㰡ϣһ󺰣˵Ķݣ 
ݸش˹ȥһжҪɱС 
ۣôҲ̫֮˰ɣȻңȴӯƣڰв˼ر˼λɵرܿ档һ裬Ҳվû취ȥˡ 
ͱĳŽһɱˣ˴˴̣ճɻϵó̫ӣĽ 
տĿɿڴָʶȥɱϲɣ 
ȻҲһֻ㶵صͷ 
ݣǧ࣬ҵ㣬㻹ôףĽգһ˫ˮ۾һί֪࣬˼˿϶Ϊܾίһ 
㡭˵ὣͿ 
ݣڻعЦһѱסʱĽö㵽ԭˣû뵽٩٩̸̫ӣ˽»ôƤһ棿 
ſңŭ 
ţұøˣЦҪ㵣һıɱ˹̫ӵô죿 
ݣ㲻ңԭл𣿡ĽüίĿ⿴ҡ 
˭»ˣҵһۣʼǲҸƧĵطɱڻʬ˳߼޻ʲôġ 
Ƚȥ˵ɡ蹫Ҳϲ˵յİɣ̷ǿЦ 
ҿ˿ܽΧ£Ⱥ§ݵ߽ 



16 



޿̵һѾסճߵĽ죬˦һߡ 
ˣˣ̷ЦõûݵһһƲ˭Ǹ鷳 
У˭Ҳûע⵽һߴ߽˿ 
żȻſڣˣæӭȥ 
ԸԳؽĽϿίίһߵңЯվãŬڳϵӡ 
λǡܣͱӢˡ 
ϼߴȥ΢Ӣߵϣ꣡ 
ϣĿɿڴؿңһŹȥ 
ƽλ£̷ȻȻվ 
лϡӢվ˸׼ľ񣬡򱱽¹ؽӢϽ 
񡣡ǰסӣŽˡ 
Լιȥˣͬ˺üյͬ龹ȻǻʵۺϽҺûʲô¡ 
֪¼¹ǡӢԥʡҲû˵ʥ뿪˾ǣҪǵۼҺݣΪǼðġ 
Žģûʲô¡ЦŰڰֻ֣΢Ѳһ±߹صľͰյˡ 
ô½ҹЪϢһ΢ͬӪӲ졣 
Ӳ찡ȥǰĲҲͬˡ 



ԹʢͣڶӢİ£ȻסڵԺӣҲΪʱʵסĵط·˼ɻ䣬Ժӱһֱš 
߽Ů̷ΪһȾ· 
ȵˮҳ˿ 
ιǸҪôſľͰϣָմˮϵ 
֣һץסƤ֣Цпչܱ˵µĻˮң̸ 
˭Ҫˣʹ֣ȥͶŽֹ񣡡 
ιһûסܳȥ 
ۡϵŷﴵһ磬һ¡ 
̷æغţ˳ľͰЩˮ 
Ƿˡ̾ҡҡͷǲƽʱ̫ˣһ϶ûУ 
̷ǳǳһЦһ㵭ˮЦҲ·￴㣬С 
ȻһȣֹĲӣȥ 
΢΢ջĴϢһսҵĵߡ 
ڣһվôؿľͰᱧȥ 
£˫һ뿪ʵأ̷Щ̵ץסҵ½ 
Ҫ㣡ߵ͵͵صôûҲ㲻롣 
ֱ̫׵Ļһߺ̧ۿҡ 
ǺǡҲЦΪ̷Ҳʺ£ȻѾṻСģÿλⲻҪŪ⣬Ҳ᲻Ųʸ·Դ뿪ҶûջĪƺ϶ֻݣø׽ˡ 
Ѿ򱱽ˣӦò˰ɣ÷ϢȥӪˣ 
Ҫͣǲˣôõգʱ˺;ȫ 



ʮ ټ 



17 
磡űصƿ漴һ˷һ㴳˽ 
һ糳ʲôұԹһ䣬סͷ. 
磡ŽѾһʱˣʹѱҵ˹ȫҲһˡ 
鷳ε۾ 
˭˵ҪӲģûذһۣѹⳳڳ˯е̷硣 
һЦСس˵һҹͷۣڳʱѪҺͨĹϵҵ۶û֪ 
ã˵꣬Ц˳ԾΪƹѪһķһסش˸Ƿ 
ʵ۱£΢עһòãݹһۣҵģʹҲҽһ顣 
ٷϻץҵ·˹ 
ԱСֹţȴò´£һ氵ţŴ·鷳֪ܲĸȫ񶼴㣿ǿ۵ݰ· 
غŮҲˮ˽ 
ҪȥôҲ˸Դ̷ȻϷǳƣ룬ϰߵ˹ 
𶯣һͷæסӣָʾŮе̿ŪЩƵǰ 
İɣһʱϸĻġݳգգ۾ 
˯һ°ɣһϧذñӣ´ʡ 
Ҵҵϴϣ˵㶫ұݸǰԺȻӢһӾʿѾȺʱˡ 
ͶŽõˡҽӹӢ͹ڶӢ˻ʵۼٵϢڲûгʲôɧңǰӪ·ϣаնشкҿðͷӢ治ĵҪӵҲĻǱķǲҪҵˡ 
£ǵˡһڳ˼䣬Ӣ ŶһѣһСӪصسսⲻҲ̫ע⡣ 
һߣӢ߲סصͣһˣûһʿͶһۣÿ˶ѵصԼ¡ 
ͻȻǰǸдҵļһòҵļ䲢ֻ̣ǵ˫˺۾ԭϷӥ 
ھӪһȦҲû亮Ҳǣǧ˵Ӫأôɵģ߽оʣұֱ˳Ž˵һƫ亮ޱǹˣɷһ 
ȻӢͻҪЩ⣬һ²ŷԸߵʿȥ 
ҿе㽩Ӳɫ뵽ԼȥˣԺЦ 
˵Ķȷܿ죬һˮû꣬ͨ亮ˡ 
һӻ֣ʾ˶ȥӢȻԸҲû취ǿĴоֻʣҺݣһһͷˮ亮 
겻ԭĺӾȻѳӢ信εꡣŷͲûеôСԼӪĹϵԵøС񾭹Ŀ飬ԭ԰׵ļɹ˽СɫҲ߲٣ϸû˵ۣҲЩƲۡ 
亮ηҶӡ˫ɵ۾Ҳȷǰͬһˡ 
Ǹҿһ´ǣڻȷӦǿżɽֱ˵ȽЧʶɣ 
亮Եشһ£ظһ顣 
ǵġҵͷ 
˭亮һ仰ҲԵ 
㲻ʶҾȵվֲһ䣬Ӣ֮Ӷ 
亮üŬһȷصһɡϦŽû˵ʶɡ 
ΣʲôСһ顱ˣϾȻжɵϳְҲ湻ģҪҪ˵Ҫǣ˸ǵҪɱɹǿǱԩˡҿʼΪʲôҪ⵵鷳ˡ 
ҵɫò亮ҲûʲôֻؿңȴҽҪ˵Ļ 
֣ظоеĺ⡣ 
ȻǺҵģǣΪʲôΪأ벻ͨ 
佫治֪Ϊȥɱ𣿡Ҳĵ׷һ䡣 
֪亮ɣһ˿ 
ϲˡ˵úΣǰ˸ûСָɣ 
۹ȻзʢУǣϾÿ˶ϲ˵ġȻ;ˡ亮ѵ˵˸䣬صңңǡڲϲ˵һࡣ 
ſڽ࣬һʱ˵ŵ硢˸ϲӦ˶Ů˵Ǳʶ亮仰ȴҾѹǰôУǱϾֻŮ˲ġ 
ûбµĻ»о亮 
ػȥͷһۡ 
а취ġѵشӺ汧סңſҼϣǸСӻһţ 
ͻȻһǰɥҲôߺߣҲܣ㣡㲻ϲˣ䣬ƫҪϲ˲ɣ뵽ǿʼ¶һ˿յЦݣϧû 
18 



죬Ҷ¹ضȹģ΢ױ̷ʵ˦ĪϽй䣬˾Ҹ£˳ЩնԳ͢Ŀľ˳϶ܵӪ亮鷳ϧǸɵСƽʱڲŲ˾ڰһ仰˵Ҵ̾ӲɽҲ 
ΨһˬľˣΪϽ߹صأȻľÿæӰżӽдһҾ徵Ĵо֪ڸˡȻ˶ãͿĽŸèҡҡλε߳ʮŰһ 
һҸտţȻӢҡ 
ҶӡӢӭü侹һ˿šΪ˾˶ĿһǳƺҡҶӡ 
ôˣҺʣʲô¾Ȼһ󽫾ôţ 
ˡӢҶߵ 
ҸĪˣϢӢͷ˳ȥﲻ˲Ź֣Ȼ˵˵ٶȵȷǿЩ 
Ӣֻҵ᷿ˣиǲʲôôļӣҪȥ 
ûһ߿ţֻһ΢£ֻһŵıӰƺҵĵ޷Ӧðҷﰡ 
ֹţҴ߹ȥһִ˵ļ򣬻ι㡭 
תӰҽĻȫ˺ڡ 
һ˲䣬ҾԼƺҲ𲻶һ𲻹ţֱһ̣ҲòԼ̹ףģ 
˵ҵжѾ˼룬˫ӣȥ 
ƺû뵽ô󵨣Ҳ˷ֻ۾ҡ 
Ȼһ̾Ϣ 
֣һӾѹæƿңú׼Ҳһƨڵء 
˵־ͷְҺݺݵرסҲȥ򾩳ǵϹȻôģ˲ܵġ 
¡š˵꣬һǰĻ»ȥȻ˳֣ԶֱһΪֹ 
ЦÿȻµǶܻޱȵĵù£ôεѧԵĻҾͰ׻ʮˣ̸¿ԣҪ̸ŪǲȻİ취ҪƷȵˣҲɡ 
ʲô£˵ɣҿŷЦ 
СˣϹȻ޺޵صңαͷǳƣֱһڣ᲻һ 
ٺ٣ڿսǰͰսԼߣҵġҵ֮ 
յĪϾܺˡ벻ô̯ȥһˡϹȻҵƣԹ˽ȥ˵һ˵⣬ԭЩɵĿ峺鶯 
ΪЦΪңӴ 
һ㣡ܹϵ½ĹĽϹȻ뿪ҵĻ 
֪ôŵзһ²а໹ʹֵۣ棬˼أЩˣΪãȫԾ󻼣 
Ҫϵ˼ˡϹȻҲš 
֪ڿңϸ룬ػش𣺡ΪõȻãڣ֪ƽܿƶˣʱǳ£»𼸹սġȫɱҲףЩ˲ҪһһɱȻݾߡȻβܾ͸ˣʱһǻ᲻ᱳѣ 
ϹȻͷʾͬ⡣ 
ûдһ˿οĹʣ˿˽ӴԣܲΪá 
ȥУϹȻһڷ̫Σˡ 
ڵңüЦ 
ǵġϹȻƳһۣʧȥλʵۣΪ½Ц 
ȡҵĿˮǺܣһͿȡ 
֮İ뷨ѡ顣ϹȻ˵ͲңֱȥҪ˯֮ǰҪҡ 
𣿡һ£Ц 
ȥϹȻһߣһ̫ʦΡءҷ 
Ҫ߱ŵæ˳ȥֻ硱һ죬ϡ 
ִҾŲͷͷҲصˡ 
ȻôģֻҲ֪ôϵ¹أһҹͣظ·ҲԲԸ̴κ˲ôźұȥ̷顣 
19 



˵ةˣݵɴ۾ҡ 
ҿЦŵͷ 
ʵۡةࡢϽԶ뾩ǣһбô죿̷һǡ 
ڰɣҳɵ 
Ȼ˺ܶవҲֻǸ͢ŮٶѡûؿңοһȺ˰ôصȫƸһŮˣ̫ˣ 
˭˵˦ҶңȥӲҪģҶӵظһۡ 
㻹˵Ư۾ݺݵңһ֮ѧ˼ʲôҳߣҲԱ߱ôĵ£ 
ˣҪˡ̷ڵ֮֮ǸϿ˰Ӱ£Ȼؾִ֡ 
һ̾ǳģôֱɹҴˣѵעҪʷʥ鷳ʺϵġ 
޳ةĿ㲻ȥݽȥ 
صܵ˴Լȥӣ㬵 



ҹ¹⡣ 
İУȫµ˷һ𣬼ֻдϸϸĶԻ 
磬ΪǸӰƻĴڣ 
ȻȻҸǸ׳ջʵʲô 
ôʱˡ 
쾩ˣϧ˶ӢǸʵۣ˭ҲûǸʹߡ 
ȥ̽̽ף 
Уݾ߾鷳ˡ 
ǡ 
һ취ģԼǧСģҪ¶ݡ 
ģƾǰЩˣһû 
Ȼ㡣Ȼȥˣġ 



Ȼڻȴ˯⣬ֻܴؿؿ˯ա 
СĵԲᾪĶչһ½ǣ֪ӦõľӦϢѶԸϹȻҾһ˯ⶼûС 
Ӱôǰ˫нõúˣõòأ˼ 
ʲôˣ 
 
ͻȻ̷ѵòѵ͵ 
ݵĶȴҸ죬ղŻ˯ô죬һգ۹˫۾Ͳһ˿˯⡣ 
ô£¶ûϣֱӴ¾š 
ֻݶϣƮ̷ųʵĽĿһˡ 
֡һУһĮ̷Ҳݡ 
һ˲䣬˫ཻųǵ㣬˱øһǸƽɫ֮֡ 
̷ˮȴһ˿˷ܣȻǿΣûжֵĸߴֻй¶뺮䡣 
ԺѾľʿһ̷粻µĸ֣֪δãҳһš 
ʲôɢ󣬳ǹǰ׼ǷеǱ룡У侲ָܿʿ˰Χ롣 
ҿò̾ҿϵˣָȻһף 
һֵĪҲ˸˹Σʿ䱸ԼסҵΧ 
˶࣬ڣһЦȫһ̷磬ǹ󣬷˼ݶ 
䣡ֶʿĹ䡣 
꾡ɨ䣬ͨʿļУ㲲ֻ֮ӽ֧Ӷĵȴαܲˣ鼱֮һŤǿҪ 
ѪĽУ䴩ұ̷ۡͬʱҲڼ꣬޷׷ 
 
վסԶĽƺⳡɧסڽһߵĶ̫ӶˣǴ̿ͽһС 
׷ˡطԸ 
ô£ӢĪƸһʿϹ 
Žݶ¹ץʿݹһϣطԸرչţȫǽϣѲһұܼ˵ӡ⣬˼еҽҩֹ̣Ѫ֮ҩһ£ 
ǣӢҲ֪¹ش󣬲гɣȥ 
Īƣ 
ڣ 
֪ͨ˼ϣû˭˵ģĲҽ̰ɣ 
ĪƵ 
̴硣ߵ̷ߣһҲҪ뿪ҡ 
̷΢΢ͷ 
źе£˿еɻȴŨˡǺϲûɱȻΪдģʲôĿģ 
ⲻǽô˵УĽһͷûᣬңǷļѹӣ˿ȴǱ 
蹫û˰ɣһʲôԭҪǶ̫и̣òײŻľҪսˡ 
и󣡡ĽµصҹʱӴܣ뽫֮£û뵽书˸ǿҶǶ֣˴ 
û¾ͺã˿ϹȻȻʧЦ 
˶ˣǸһҲµİɣ 
֪ΪʲôϹȻһäĿΣ·Ϸκ¶漣 



20 
Ȼֻǰҹ£˭˯žȥָȫҸɴ̷ط塣 
ʱȻΧ壬СʱҲѧ죬ûþͷˡȻȻҲн̹Ҷ֮һʵû츳µòҲ̶á̷ȻҲԸȴǴ´ˡ 
һ̣һջأһ˼ţǲǸϸհֵҲһȻûӣǲˬ 
ˣ˳ĨӣˣͲһ㰡 
̷΢Цʰӣת⣺Ҳûˡ 
ûķˣվ˸ 
ڻɶ̫ӵ¡̷õ߷Żԭλ 
ҲŲǧ棬ʹ˻عûĿģһߡ 
ϧúܡ̷Цҵһʱʹ˶ŽŽʱÿ̫ӵºǸ˽֣Ĳ벻ȷ 
ʲôɨ˵̾˿Ļ˭ 
ҲֻǱ̫ˡ̷ 
ǺǣȻһˣʲô¶ı롣ҽ⳰ 
ة᲻£̷΢΢ü 
²Ź֣ҳ˸ֲǲ̶ֳ֪ȵĴ̿ͻκβ 
»ȥɡ̷ЦЦ 
ҪȥȥȻĶϹȻвûҿҳ 
ة˲ôˡ̷Ц 
ҲãҹȥɣֳϹȻ棬ҵȷҲе㵣ģ㲻ټ֡ 
ɫ΢еҲɭ˼߼·һʿ 
òϹȻ齵ıԺ̷ȴ᷿ſͣ˽Ų 
ôˣһͷֵʡ 
ûʲô̷ԥһ£ӿŲ 
΢΢һ漴׹̾Ϣһץס֡ 
ͣ£´ҺȻ˵ 
棬д̿Ͷ 
̷簡̷磬Ҷ᳾εºܣ˶ҡ 
£д̷һȻһʡæϵ 
磬ûκҪ㡣ͣ½Ųֽ§Ҫģκ˶޷ 
̷֪ҼϣϢҾϣЩġ 
֪ҲȻʧЦ̧°һǣЦķӦû뵽ְ 
˿ţʲôأ̷ƿңͣһ£ͷе㲻ڵصµⶼ̷֪ڱߡ 
һ£̷ԽԽ죬ðŷӦ̲סݺݱסصһ£Ļ 
ʲô̷ݺݵصһۡ 
ʲôҳǼ̽ͷ̽ԵʿһŵǸϽŤͷȥ 
߰ɣҵǣ̷֣Ŷ롣 
ϽʵʹԼɼһӰ 
ȻվԶԶأСؽһ 
ûӦ 
Һ̷һۣһæǰƿʡ 
ȻƴϵˣϹȻľԲôͣѵˣ 
ʲôϹȻ۾ 
û𣿡ҿѹ˿ 
ʲô£ϹȻû˦ҵ֣˵Ҫˣ 
ҲûЦܼôɰȻء 
һûʵ 
ۡϹȻ̾˿ 
һֻ΢ָĶͷ 
ڷա̷֣ط¡ 
գϹȻֻǾеۣûµġ 
ĶֹȻ̣ע⵽ϲĺΣԿЦȻ̷ϸİҲѹַ죬˯˰ȡ 
ȥõĴ̹Ҷ̷ 
š̷Ӧһվ 
ˣϹȻֹϢһ£Ȼá 
Ϊ书ܵİҵһۣʾ̷Լȥ 
ҳϣǴ۸һȻģĻôõĻ᣿ҲΪҽɼɲʲôϰߡ 



21 



ôҵĵؿŻ˯ѵϹȻĵʡ 
һյøˣƺһͻرء 
ʲôˣ׷ԲԵϴң۹⿴ҷš 
ǡεز֪ô˵źã˵ˣȻ֪˻᲻ңϾǰǵĹϵ 
ڵ弫ƽʱͲ͹ȣֲ֪Ȼһڹǿѹƣֻ²裬кθնǼ£ϷҩϼٿɣҲһҪҵĻش𣬾ֱǰʿҩ 
ĬĬΪȻ˶ϵʪﲻ֪ʲôζ 
û뵽ȻҲܵƺֻҪڣκⶼӭж⡣˿̿㲵ҲȻȻȻѧˣȴҲվǸѪˣۡᲡҲԼ飬ƺûעЩ 
縺ҵһҪ̵ӲĵӣҴûע࣬鷳 
ؿЦţҲЩãȻ֪ȻϣҳΪʷǿĵҵϣ֪ҰȻܲΪǿԼһȥһϲأҲ֪ 
˭Ϸȥץҩ±ʣĸˡ̷硢ݡӢҡ 
ȥɣ̫עĿӢ 
߰ɡ˵ţʰҩ䡣 
ǳţ΢΢üݵһλڽҪ˺Ӵ 
šݵͷʾ˽⡣ 
û𣿡̷Щͬ⡣ 
Ҳû취ҿЦһʼ磬Ȼò⣬ȥⱻʳʲô 
ĵĳ̷̾˿ 
ʲôʱˡϴϹȻֻɳƵ 
ˣҾϲؿ˫ǿհ貵ӡ 
ϹȻؿһ³֣ϻ 
ҧгݵصǲ˵ķϣ̡ 
ȥҩûУظо˿еĻҩζ̷Ķӡ 
ҪʲôҰ㣬ҪһذҪӡ 
ˮϹȻһ̾ 
æһµĲСĵιȥ 
ɥô˵ġ 
㡭Ҹղô˴ģҵı£ 
ػߣʲôˣʡ 
ôϹȻһ 
ֻǣ֪ˡұͷȥ⡣ 
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Ȼأ̲ͣס׷ʡ 
ÿػ߻Ѱһûмۣ֮Ʒ־ʵкΪӣСϹȻؿһۣػʵûôأֻˣټЩҲûзʲôҪػ߳Ĵ£ʹػһʽΪ֪ˡ 
ûд£Ҳصǰĳ˻ңȴҲû֡ 
ôϹȻѵõ¶һЩ˵΢Цû㣬ѡĴǰЩҡ۹˶ɱ˰ɣҲ£ûлҵľ֧֣ҲΪ 
Բ𡣡ҵ 
Դҩ˲ɣϹȻʧЦ 
̾˿½һӸͷ˵岻ٹȲͣúϢһʱɡ 
УһкܶҪ 
İɣһѽЦԸôûõ£ʡԹ˯ 
ڶʮ  
ȻҧŴһȴƫƫ޿κεɫã̲סͷһǣҧˣôƯ촽ҧ˵Ļҿǻ۵ġ 
ȥһˣûϹȻյصһۡ 
ҺٺһЦŲΪúҲʼ⻬ϸľӡ 
Ҳе˶ȽϴȻûһ˦ҵ֣۾ĬҵΪ 
ÿκȻϴøƵģҪŪ˶ƣ߲ſϰݡѵü˳ӵȻҴĵӿһɱ뵽ҲûЦǿױȵˣ 
һ̾ȻǧѷȻܵӣǻµ֣ĳˡ 
Լٶˮ͸£ȲǾϾ壬һļΪѬպҵĴۺɫʣҲɵð˿ڿˮ 
ò׿סԼΪϸɾ£̲סЦ֪ýŮˣȴ᲻ǰ˶й𣡿ǡҸԸ߾屻κ˿ 
á֪ʱϹȻ۾ЦЦؿҡ 
Ҳ˭ģ֪ı仯߳ŭϴȥ 
Ȼ󣬵ҪӦûʲôϵɣ 
磡 
ʱͻȻƿˡ 
ݣÿνôҲûͷ֪˭ 
ôűºةˣЦӯӯûһ˿Ǹ˼ 
£ҩˡ̷ֹغţ档 
ģһûӦǰѶһֻ 
һûôϹȻ壬ǰӹ룬Ũڵҩ֭һ 
ة࣬㻹ðɣ̷ǵġ 
û¡ϹȻҡҡͷڴ£ǳȥɣͷ絥˵ 
ΪʲôҲؿ顣 
£ȥϢɣûô˯̷Цᣬȴ˲ݾܾζ 
ҿֿȻһƣʲôʱĬģ 
߰ɣȻԣȴ̷Ļϴק˳ȥ 
º̷磬ҲûټˡҵķǲҵģοոձȻδƽϢء 
ᣬٻҲ»յؾ£Ҫǰˣ˲Ϣұȥ˾ӪǸ̿͵¡ 
 
 
ϹȻͷڴϣҩ뻹̷磬Ĭãص뾩ǰ鱨˾ɱ޼ŵˡ 
žҩѡҩ֭һأʪ˴ǣ׵ĴȾһȦڵī㡣 
˭̷缤ذסļ򣬼еʡ 
侲һ㡣ϹȻһְסֱ 
ңʧ̬ˡ̷һͷԼƽ 
ҲġϹȻ̾ǣǶ棬Ҳ뵽ʱһʱʧأʲôص 
̷ɻգգ۾ؿ 
ʦhϹȻص飬Ըҳʵ۱£ͬˡ˿ʹڶӦ·˰ɡ͹ģĹʦҲһֱҵĳˣh 
̷ãȻظһ顣 
һֱļз棬˿̵Ǵ½ǿĹңѹǰҪϹȻЦţоǲмиhǰͱȻ̲ˡֻ֪ʦǰǰ̼ѪԪװˡ 
ةңڲɱ̷ɬص 
滹ûȫ濪ս׼ϣһ¡ϹȻס֣֣صص⣬Ȱ»عʹ˲³棬Ƿǳʧ¡ 
̷һ 
ĻѾ꣬ȴδǱּͻ飬ҲͳˡϹȻһЩΡ 
̷Ȼة࡭ 
ΪҲԴ׵ôϹȻЦֻǡ˽˸飬ұҪȿǵ۹ 
ة࣬Ҳˣ̷ᶨص̷粻ʲô飬¶˵κҲ޷Ĵڡֻϣ֣ľͺáةΪ˵۹ãةΪλʹòȥԼ£ľȥһûʵأϣûмةʥˣҲվֻǸˡ 
ϹȻؿ̷磬ʶһ 
һȰ»ȥ̷˵ţվǣ۱ʲôѡҶ֧ 
hϹȻܿع 
ʱҲةúϢɡ̷˵꣬߳䣬ɵشš 
ʥˣʲôʥˣϹȻЦһ䣬̷磬̫СˡһֱСûԭäӣ벻͸ģȻ㡭 
ڶʮ  



̷תϹȻԭ˳ĬͻĻӣȻҵòֺγһؾֶΡ 
£ҾþòӦ̷̲סһ 
ʰװ׼ؼˡһ˲䣬¶һޱȲõЦݣݣ亮һӱͣٸŽ˵Ȼѧģڱ߹ֻûһϾǸļһҪؾҪɱֱӽѺض꣡Ȼͽˣúñ 
أز׽һе© 
ҺͷݾϻؾǡЦеص 
Уĺࡣݣ̷綼ԡ 
Ϊʲôίؿǣǵģɶ˵ͷԣ 
̫Σա̷ԥص 
ֻҪݺȻιúãȫջɳ²ְҲص 
̴أݷʣǻʵۿԶڳﲻ¶棬˼̴ģ 
ٺ١Цеؽ̷§ڻʲôѵģҴ˭ 
ɫǻϣصһš 
ӴʹұŽ 
װݵһۣΪʲôҪ£˵ǲ˴̴ңҲţ 
Ǻô㰡̾˿漴ָǰԴչ 
ة𣿡̷ҵĻü 
ֲҪʲôΣյ¡ЦЦʵֿ߻ȫЩҪҲ˵һӹһأ 
㻹ǻǸǽˣݵ 
šҵ˵ͷҵҪԱܣȻ˭ܸߡ 
֪ˡƵشӦһ 
ǺǡЦô᲻뿪ôϧҲڣ϶Ҫ˻ɵġ 
ߣ߳һôƲƲ죬ûﰭְŵģһøã 
㡭ᣬðҽôѵ㣡 
ʣµʱжȹȥϹȻΣҩѾ˯Ҳܰˡû볳ֻڴһ뿪ˡ 
ȻԺԲô࣬ʲô£һֵһ롣 
ȻṳĶǣɱɱΪ㣬ҲԸȥһ㡣 
ԣҪ 



ڶһ磬ұ̷뿪¹ء 
ݣûиκˡֻºҲ֪ΪҺ̷ڹڵļ࣬ȶʱֱӴҷ̧ҵƤѾǹ򲻴ˣ̷ֻ޹ۣ֪ν֪ˡĿһû߳󡣲ѾǺˣǺǡ 
ˣϣӭŷһ 
᳾̷Ӻ׷д֣浽Ҫô 
ЦЦȻǵýҵֺ⣬ȴûôΪ֪һ֪һᷴԡ 
ĹʦǸʲôְλʵ 
ʦ̷Ȼ֪ʲôǻشˣǸ̺һĹңڽͳһӺ˼룬ʦΪڽ̵߾䣬ųȻĵλʵҲҪ֡ÿһ̫ӶҪݹʦΪʦڽҪ˵ĿǰĳɹʦѳҲΪ 
ôȻô֪һεĹʦhĳ˵ģ 
Ϊͷ̷¶һָӵɫҿ 
ͷһ㶣طʡ 
ǰۼһʮޱһѵѪĽһվصʬͷһǰ̷һͷ¹һôۣ 
ǶħɫءһЦȥס֣ظоеĲ 
û¡̷̧ͷ¶һЦݣ仨ʱΪȥĺڣù򣬰ŭйϡ 
⡭˵ĻءҴ˴һû˵ô̱Ŀôžǡ 
ة˵ġ̷һ䡣 
ȡҲȥ 



ڶʮ ʹ 



24 
澩һҲĹٵıؾ֮· 
¥ 
Һ̷һ·ӱ޸ϵ̷粻Ҳ֪ôˣȻһĲͬʼջֲҡ 
һͷʹصҼȲҪȥɱʹڣҲǹȥ鷳ֻǸʦǸʲôˣ˵֪֪˲ܰսô 
ʦ̷һ£Цõصֲ£hǹŴ˵е飬ഫhʱһӣŽСh 
ǲ࣡ƲƲ죬ڷĳˣҿһøжǷ 
ôô̷εصǰ书͸ߵò˼飬ھ͸ˡ 
˭˵Ҫȥ͵ˣֵؿһۣǶȻҪϢһģҾͲԳ͢ʹݹȥ𣿡 
⡭̷֪ףȴ˵Ļ 
ֱԣʵʷһ˳󶼲ܶ۹ʹ߲ôֲĸо״Ӻζ 
ôġ̾˿˾¥۹⣬§ļο磬ҪΪԶı䣬ڵң㣡 
ݡ᳾̷ؿҡ 
Ұ̾ƿҧгݵصҾ㣬ҪôıջңҾ͵㣡 
㣡̷дżɬȻղҲССظжһ£ʲôı飿 
ˣ쿴 
ĹҮ 
ģz 
ͻȻ䣬¥ϵȺһ֣ȿֺӿȥ 
Һ̷һۣߵ¥˱ȥy 
ֻβһ֧飬Լˣ󲿷ֶһɫֻеһɫĽΧµļ˾ģ˸ۡûκԥģҾ֪һh 
صİǹĵȴǶʮ̧ĺĶ˵ĹȻкĺɴڵУԼ¶Ҳ˻ζˡ 
λȻԱߵһ̾Ϣz 
ô˵ͬæʵʥδˣλпܾͳΪҹĻʺ˰ 
Ҳ˶šz
ֻǰ˼֪ʲôϲ˲Ůˣ˵λεεĹкýô 
ǺǺǺǡ˶Ц˵ʵӦһλӹײŶ 
ҿЦҡͷִνЧӦɣǵģˣϲ˵˽˻ǲٰ 
̷һŭ˵߹ȥ 
һæסȥɣ 
ʲô˵ҲʵЦЦ֮ڷ˴ŵ¾ɵ̸۰ɣ˵Ҿɻˡ 
̷û˵ȴ 
˼ϲĸ֮СϢȴû˼ýζͻȻ̷ʱ̲סһѷ̵ 
᳾ڣ̷ʵ̲סҡ 
ǺǡЦôߵķ磬˴̸ǵʷҲΪˣҲᵽ۵Ŀˡ 
䵱һڰϵĻʵʱʲôʵĿȫˣҪǰ˵־춯صİ飬ʮҲİ 
ˣ߰ɣ̷磬϶˿ӡ 
ȥĶ̷˿ 
ݡЦЦߣȥλʦɣ 
̷ſڣƺ˵ʲôǳĬȥ 
Ҫġ˼ս֣䵽ʱڳϿƲסԼĸ飬ϰһ£ʱͽһİˣ𣿡 
̷磬ס̷ͷ 



25 



hôôһװ飬о˰죬Һ̷绹ǾԱĿá 
ǹŴһôˣûеӣֽ֮ĶҲ̫ڹڳ¶棬Ӧòʶҵġ̷磬Ӽ㵱hչ棬ʮͷĺӺڿ֮ġο̷ûhԵıǣ 
ſڣղҶ᳾İһǽȥ 
᳾Щ˵书ܲһߣ̷ֻ˵ 
״̷˵ġǾ˵Ӿʿĺܺã˵Ҫٸ̶ֳȵھȻڶҡһҿ϶ٲ˵ġ 
Ϊ˱Ĺٵһ̫ƽαҪô֣Ҳüһξ²ϵô򵥡ͬʱҲңҴˣ 
ſڣ·ļ˱Ծȥ 
ظоصգ޷˵ؿš 
ֻһ˱վţһϮĺɫȫڸסģֻһͷʵɫ׵ʾݡ 
ʹҶ᳾ʦҵһ 
ʹԶһ·࣬hƫԣ˵Ƿǳֻֻ˵ĸоҵĺģҸ뿴ͶħϵȺŵ˵׳һʲô 
ôᣬô̵ļһһǲҰ׵ɫʯһޱ飬˿ž﷢ɣ 
hһ¼˾Ů裬ɵȥ 
Һ̷һۣȵ£豭һȲ衪ûʧȥǵҰɣ 
һʱ䣬һֹŹֵĳĬУҲ˵̷Ὺڣhƺ˲ڣת鷳 
ڣ̲סɿһȿڣʦǧ棬֪ʲôҪ´͵𣿡 
лʹֻҹ۰һӦ֮ѱףͲͷˡhһЦת 
һ˲䣬Ҹоһġ 
ٷǳ£һˮƷ¹⣬µĳ£¶һħԵ 
⼸飬գһѻָƽ͵ۿԱߵ̷Ϊ΢΢ӣæ˸ɫʾ 
ôҴҹʵ۱£밲վ 
;Ͷ٣ѾЪˡhĻƽȴŲݿܵľܾ 
޷ֻ⳶˼䣬̷ıԽԽ˸ɾ͸ˡ 
hҲûǣֻǵطԸͿ͡ 
߳ݴţҲŷѳһ亹 
ôˣ̷Ծʡ 
ʦ˵ѹô󣡡¡ 
ҵûע⡣̷һ졣 
ⲻܹ㡣Ұס֣ȻѵƽһŽ˵㲻ǸյݣûԣôϢأΪʲôǼ˵ʵʹȥ밲ǺģһĽҹĻûܾǳҪ󡣡 
㻳ʹⲻƣ̷һ塣 
šһüصòҪʲô뷨ȻҿҪʾһˣ 
̷类еŵƫͷؿңƺû뵽һºͣСڵҲֿ˵ 
߰ɣǻؾҲ˸ղŵʧ̬һЦݺȻӦڹ˰ɣ 
пܵĻҲģֻǡ桪ȻŻѪĹңñѪػأҲԸ룬κƻ 



26 



λؾͲôˣʹôˣٶһ첻ˣȻֵһ·ɽˮ̷ܺۡ 
ֻhҵһһֱͣȥ·˶ˣκܶ¶¹¡ 
İ˲ͬΣǻصʱԭʮ·̼һ£ԭ뾩ʱֻǶĩڶѾĺˡ 
֪عһȻùѪͷȻٱö룬̷ĿУһӲͷƤ˹ 
õϢϹȻܷ﹬ңһ²ɫѾ˺ܶ࣬Ҳָ˺󣬲¹Ǹ㲵ģҷĲ١ 
ôݣôҸ⿪ڣȻֿѵңοҲȷʵֵͦģڹ˽֪һˣôңѵҰ 
ϹȻüƺôڡ 
ôˣһ°ɣˣ̿͵¡ 
ˡϹȻ 
Ҿ˵ôһССĴ̿Ͷ㲻һ 
ССĴ̿ͣϹȻһۣ޺޵ص֪Ǹ̿˭𣿡 
˭ȻôʣӦʶˡ 
ĪƣĽ亮ӢһϤ״ǰ 
硣ϹȻ³һ֡ 
˭˵˭һʱ䣬ҼԼˡ 
硣ϹȻֲһ䣬Ȼǰ 
ڴ𣡡ʧе 
ѽ̲漰˰ĹԱȫѺĪϹȻüֻǳ˵ЩĻͰԼڷκ˶Ҳ͵ġ 
أҧгݵʡҲ飬˺İˣһڵģ 
ˡϹȻ̾˿㻹ȥɣؿҪˣҿɲϣʱǵϽӡ 
һΪػʲôʱôˣֻȻһ˾Ϊ 
ûôҵһۣȥ 
ôȥ󿴿˵ɣеЩҲü 
ةࡣ̷粻ͬؿϹȻһۣ漴ε̾Ϣ 
ҲǾ̫𣿡ûеڣϹȻ¶һ顣 
̷ҡҡͷةκ˶飬ֻĸص̫ˡ̷ֻ˵ȻѡľһɣѾúܺˡ 
ϹȻؿأȻʧЦˣ᲻ϵ쾪氡 



磡һߣһݺݵ߷ɽµͷйߡ࣬Һͷ˾ĵغǻ谮˶ѪϲٱξѣȥʹľȻһε˺ 
߽Ҳط˽Ųȫȥ 
ƿ߽ȥδѰ˶±һӽýܶ࣬ȻҪúѿ 
һҵĿɿڴ 
ϡϡ߰鼮ͼԼɢҵֽţֻ˼ɫĿſϲ֪оЩʲôҽ˶û 
Сĵƿϵ飬滳ǲǰ鷿鶼ᵽˣ 
ֱվûлͷʵ̲סһѳ˳ƽ˿ϼȥ 
һһתѹӾǻ㱻ҿţôӣ 
һ㣡ҴЦβס岻ãȥɹɹ̫ɣ 
һйݵǴųģᶫ̫ͼıҹߴӪս£ҡ 
ݽϵĵ㶮Լۻ˵ʱ˭ң˵ţ§ŵڲݵϣԼѹȥ 
ĺůůģ˻˯ 
ȷſҡݲض˶һĻš 
ôõ㲻Ӧʲô𣿡ЦеؿϥĦĴڲࡣ 
յġһͷ飡ֺֺЦȴûоܾ˼ҵͷǡ 
΢΢һ㶣ΪǡûҵķԸκ˶׼̤벽ΪǵΪҲһ̼οһûˣеͲסȻҪڵҽƣôˣ᲻ȻҲܾˡɷϵģڴһζ 
鶯ѵİ˫һ˿ʵҾ֪ղŵĵǶڵˡҵݣǸέյݣôΪ仰ŮƵ벻أ 
һļһ̺ĺۼҼе˺ 
úõ·ͷҪ˺ĲôݱԹһ䡣 
˭ϲô鷳·ûػһ䣬·°һֱڽţһڡ 
£ҡͻȻ䣬̷漴Ȼֹ 
һһôû̷ǷˣȻ롣תͷ̷ֻ罩ӲվǶһס죬һƬ졣 
ô죿ֹͣҿϲȥ²ãܣð죬һһص磡㲻֪ʱɲ˵𣿡 
㡭̷ԣϵĺһֱ쵽˶㡭ǽοݵģ㡭 
Ҳڡο𣿡ааһЦ߾ķȫɢ̬ƽʱǼġ 
ʰ·סԼӣЦᶼˡ 
ȳȥˣ̷綪һ仰תˡ 
Ǹߵ޵ݵ˲Ӧ𣿡ݿЦһѣȥ׷ 
ǡҳɵؿ 
վصҵ洩·˵ɣ 
ҵŵÿһ 
һҪⶨ·߷ԡݶһЦ˵ĻǸЦݼֱʮ治Ϊʲôǰʿǰȫͬˣ 
ĽŲȥҲЦԡ 
ôеʵ۵ϵģ 
 
27 
 
Ѵµ׺յӣʵΧסڴϵˣƺһз޵Ĳ롣 
ѹϣסǿȵԼ 
Ǳƻһ㣬صͷ´ǣ޳ָɫ˿¶һ˵ڵţݺύ˺Ϻõҩѵȥܶ࣬ȻĶǣʹǰ㵭ӣȴҡҷջӣ͹ģͳĴϢ 
ͣ֡š˵ıĻ㡣ԼƺҲһ㣬յҧס´Ҫѹǳڶ 
ҰķӦУƵǱŰĴɣҲϲŰ 
š³һ˿Ծɿݣҵͷû̽˽ȥ࣬޷ϵĴҵ͸˿ߡ˫ۻסҵļ򣬼еҪǡ 
ҿɲǴľ˫Ȼ̽УĽ⿪ϵᣬ˳ȻְѾʼ̧ͷ 
ؽһǣݲŷԼȻûʲôڵˣֻɵزϣ¶˽ֻܴͽջѡغһʼ˺ϵ· 
һЦһ£ԶԷĽ⿪Լ·Ŀȴ˵ĵطĸеҵߣȴû˿ܵ˼ӷֿ˫ȣҵ 
һ˲ըҵǣһͺ ݣ 
ʹ˲ͱҸһʹϤûκοܣϵڱڰҵȣһ 
ӣҵϣͻȻ䣬ָһͻһһϸһȷʵһ೤˺ۣɫۺ죬δȫϣȻܵˡ 
ιɵҾþûж͵ضһ£ŭ㻹˭ 
ôģսʵ 
ʲôˣ㷳˵ţݺݵҵĴ 
˵𣿡һǹҲЦ˵һֱŶ 
㡭ݵҵ۾Ҫ 
ʵҲܣֽȵĺͥ۳ҡҧס֪һ£ԶֻеʹԼϱ 
һ˵ģڻˣִ򲻹ҺȻҵһ£ֻƤ֮ˣͺá 
˺ҵıһۣõ˴𰸣Ȼ۸ͺһŽϵƣתϥϣ˫طϸݽʵ֫ݺݵֺ̧ݺݵѹ䡣 
һ˻Ƶ͸ĵĴ飬ȴҵľٶҡ 
ײҵˮûµҹȼ޾Ĵ顣 
¡˿ڣٰϵҩ 
 
Ǳһѵģʹ۾˿⡣ 
಻ߵӰɣʵۻ࣬˯˲Сʱ鷳ˡ 
ǱĶ磬Ҳ鲻ԽԼǲҪΣֻǵð˯ʱѾˡ 
ŶͷҲںʱŵļ˶Щ 
¡ˮ˾̷硣 
ǸѾͷأֵһ䡣 
˼ұϾǸδ޵Ůòã̷Ŀһ۴̣ϵҲɫ 
ûˡҺЦҡҡͷְѴҩҵ滳˵Ըǲˡ 
ºݶЩϴɣةƽƫȺ򡣡̷һ˵һ߰Ҹ¡ 
Ȼô磿һ̾ƽʲô 
ǺͶսⲻ˵ġة뿴İӰܷΪãҲöӼʤ㡣̷˵ţ˽ʵʹĴһۣة˵ӰݣôҪ²֪Բס 
ҲЦƽݺͷ磬Ҳû뵽ƽϵܻ˵ľˣµʲô˵ġ 
ӹ̷˿˰ƿӣƻڳ˯ݣ˵ûˡ 
𳳡ƵĻ˻֣˯ 
ݣѣҿЦãùȵ˿һжԸЧ𴲺̫˯߲ͷĿѣԸҺЧ 
һľˣᣡԺʵڿɰҧһڣȻ̫ʱ䲻ǻ᲻ֱӴ 
ȻҪҪ飬Ҳˡ 
ˣһ͵һֵشϡ 
Сģæ§ 
һһףҧгݵضҺĴôȥ磿 
ұȥûˡҺٺЦţһû׵Ծ 
㻹ܿİ̷ûشһݣ 
Ǻгɾ͸УЦһ£ֵذﰮϴȻ̵˰һ˿Ӱҵĺ顣 
 
28 
 
ݵļֱӱȥƫ 
ϹȻƽѾһˣǽƽæվӭӡ 
ȻһҵסˣָҴصʡǻϣ 
¡ϹȻƽʾ򾲣漴ؿһۣ΢ЦϱϢúܺãôֱӽɣ 
ȻϢúܺãݺݺݵصңſң 
Цһʼ磬ŵһ 
ӯ߽һ裬ɵվһߡ 
ö񣬶°ɣҲǡһǶ̷˵ġ 
ƽºĿȻҡ̷硢֮ǻ֪ɻ𾪣ֻڲǽ͵ʱҲûˡ 
񣬽ǰѶýɡϹȻطԸ 
ǣվҵ˵ͷһ֡ 
ܿأ߽ʿ̧һɳľģĶȻСȴӣӦòء 
ָ£ؽǽڣ˳չ 
ҾһվǸɣɶİɫϣ˵ɽӹȣǹկ·½棬滹дע⣬δ󣬺δһĿȻִ˵۹ȾܵĵͼҲǼ亱ġ 
׶еұߣдƮݵĴ֡ɽӲرͼ 
ϵãϹȻıʼȻ˵ŵͼة˻ʱ˿ΣѪֻɵġ 
һҲȻȥŵͼڹŴսУ˵һ쳣ıˡʱ룬Ҫͼô׹οǰɽӲرͼּªĵͼͬնȻȻôǰʼѾΪ׼ 
ޱߵ˿Ҳɵһһ˿ʣҶ˵ѵıκ¶Ҫ 
üʿ£غõţᳶ˳ҵ䣺£ 
Ǹֻ̫ԾˡǿЦЦϸǵͼԽԽɶ칤ԾŵͼΪ߾»ܣҿɲ ⶫķȥȻ졣 
ľϲ֮ɫ˲ʹߵͼǰ̫ˣ 
ģ¿ԱȥϹȻЦ 
ҵģһ㶡 
ͳս˧㣬ҪʲôղƷϹȻЦ 
ƽ𾪵ؿϹȻ۹һ֮£֮ϵةࣿһԩ 
ڱУ롭֮绢˶ıʵָƣսһ˵ţؿһۣ˵оȴȱͳ˧Ľš̫ĽвŻϾȱ顣ˣ˴пϵĶ֣ǳ硣 
⡭֮һĵйǶ𣿡ƽ̲סɵʡ 
ûУĽСһЦοʹҪ췴ľŪɱŹ֣ 
Ҳƽ񣬾ֱӽӵ뻳ϴȶȺͲǰǳΣֻõģ 
ݻͷңҫŲ֪Ĺԡ΢һģףݵһжǳ̵ģֻսشܳ磬ӹȥӰ߳ 
İӰǲǿΪãƽȴûʲôϣϾӰǳһִġ 
δءƽ·𿴳ҵ뷨һЦӰˣÿ˶ԸѹģֻҪԸⲻ׷ǵĹȥΪҲǺѡ 
̫ˣҴϲҪ׷ǵĹȥʲô 
һ¡ϹȻܴ֪ԽûӦǰ첻ġս𣬾һڲ 
Īưôˣڸʲôã֮ûнȰԼɣһЦ˭ȻҵķĴúýѵѵ㣬ҾͲҶ᳾ 
£ǲǡһֱԱ߾̷üڣû˵ͱס졣 
ҺٺһЦͻͷҵݽһղ֪ڳԴףҪǷ翪飬˵ҾͰڸĳһ졭 
ˣ̸꣬Ȼҳɣ˸سȥ׼ˡ 
ϹȻȵؿһۣû˵ 
иˡƽ¡ 
ҡšһֹı飬ֵˣСӲһظ 
лϡƽֿһۣȥˡ 
ڻҵúܰɣҶЦ 
̴磬һطòãݵ 
ôˣһ㶡 
Ҳȥ˯ݺݺݵص 
ȥ 
㣿¶һȻЦݣֻϷԣɲǻʵΪ 
䣬̷ЩļѵݳţжʱֻʣҺȻˡ 
29



ƺܾûкȻĸоһʱ֪˵ʲôҲ˵ֻԡ 
Ҽhˡ˸⡣ 
Ǹ˺ΣաϹȻ΢΢üʱ֪Բȥġ 
ڲû𣿡̲סָƽü 
ʹڶӺͿԵǣôǣϹȻ˵ţһ治źۼرܿҵ֡ 
ҵǻɣûаѹأһЦЩһֱ⣬ǰĺЩС˵Ȼ뷨 
ôô룿ϹȻֵʣ׮ҪǳɹˣԶԶں 
ʼ磬ϸذѺhθ 
ϹȻɫԽԽء 
ˣҿӣ̲סЦΪʲô˵ 
ܺ˵𣿡ϹȻһ˿Ȼ 
ǡߵػסͷҲֻ룬ʲôʱ֮Ļֻʣ¹ˣ 
ϹȻſڣȴʲôҲû˵ڡ 
ĬУľӣǳɫķ˿У΢΢¶һƬļջشչȥһ¡ 
оԵһЦЦصһǣշת˱ţֱƬǱһĺۼ 
ԶַͬͲõģȻһͳŴԵɤҲմȾһȻ˫ҵ۾ȴȻ峺ףȾ 
Ҵܵ̾˿˫۾ڸ߳ʱҲʵĿ⣬һ 
£ة࣬Ѿڳˡſڴ 
һ£ŷ뿪ʱûŴϣҲ֪ǲǹġ 
ЦЦĿתȻϵǺۣҲһΡû취λϣ·Ҳڲס 
ϹȻһߣҵĻһ̧֣췢ʱһͷĳ˳ɢǺȻǿˡ 
ԭϹȻͲϲǵҵһμģӣة󣬳Ϊ͢ʣѾܾûмͷˡ 
ϧؿޱ߳ȥ£һɬֽŶûţݴŻɴǣǶƣȻ治֪ķӦǺ߻Ǹν 
£òʱ򣿡ƫƫҪٴ̼һ¡ 
ҲιȥҲľСŮˡ˵̬ȺżĴԭĳǸƢˣô񣿾ΪϧİǸΣҲ̫ǣǿˡ 

 
һµ㣬ȴûжֵ˼ 
˳ԶʵҲһܰȻǿõ⣬ˮĴ޳ָ͸¶ޱɫζҲ˿ڿˮ 
ϹȻһۣͻȻһֻ֣ҧһڵõ 
ء˫źѵĸ㣬㡭 
һܶӡϹȻؽ͡ 
ҿЦõض֪ΪʲôƵȴһӺ 
ŮѱԶԶظϿܵСУŨĻϻ㣬ǰΪͷƺЩ̫һة氮ˣҳˡ 
ԭƲִֹ֣ĹΣҺȻҲͨƽ۵ദ 

30



Ϊ˴ݣҺȻæһ죬һ㣬ûʱûȥЩ֮¡˭ϲϵһǹأ 
ֱҹҲƣӻصԭֱϢ˹ģϾò׺ȻĹϵºһ㣬𼴽ݣ᲻ˡһȥһػز˰ЩΪʲôҪϽǾ˼˵ʱʱҵ¡ǲ֪ı£ֻۣսϵ˲Ϣ䡭 
ƿţط̷Ȼڣһ£ݣȴĵˡ 
΢һɣƿţ롣 
ϣֻһ°׵£Լɼţֻǵϣȵĺϣʹһ㷢΢΢Ʈ 
ɫɲͰ˿ڿˮ 
ڲʱȻĺˣҹĺǺأ˯һŹء治֪һھӪôչԼģ 
üЩ߹ȥΪӣȻڴͷǱֺԼС 
ǸоߵԴݸɴӶ˹ͷҵĴȣһƼ˯ 
̾˿ϵķ˿εصݣ 
˯ˡɱ۾ԵƵġ 
ҲûЦ˰ɣͬô꣬װ˯˯һֲ 
ߣ۾ˮûһ˿˯⡣ 
ڵ𣿡ЦŽʱб˲ռɵϣ 
˭ˣֻ˯ŰˡݰһۣҪ̴Ļȥˡ 
Ҿ㵵ظһ顣 
̴˵ֻĪͷʱ䣬ǹ˽𣬴Ϊ˼ңȥæЦӯӯؿҡ 
˵ֺֺЦŲô˵˵ġ 
˼ݴһ˸ 
ĺһֻèҲȥͷ 
ʵ۱£㲻ĸɴ׺ȵúû𣿡ݵ 
ҡһ죬֪ڳԴף˵˵е㲻˼æҲˣôҲ 
Ϊֻʱ䣿бңƺ˵Ҷһʡ 
ӣЦԡؿǰʯͷԼĽˣܰ 
Ҫ˯ˣɣһӣ±۾ 
ٺ١Һܿ·ƿӲ˽ȥ 
㡭һҧгݵвҲҪ²˴ 
ԩֻ뱧˯ѡҲӲڻ 
ģô֪ڶȵֻһֻ߲Ż˯رǺıŶ 



Լ˯̫һǴæϴϣ߳ţͿȻһǸ˫ָһͰˮ 
ة硣һ亹ǿЦݡǻرȻֱˮѵĲʹҿɻ¡ 
£롣ϹȻŵ˸ơںҰ׵ϲһ˿ѪɫϾˮȥûʵۡةû취ԼһССм 
Ȼ뿪˽£ȴûгʲô⡣һϹȻĹͣһҲ˵¼õĹԱȷʵ 
糯ҪһȻǶԶñʷĹֻһ۾ͶȻʹȥꡣ 
ʲôҪдһͺ⳥ҪѺͻ֮ĽҲӦģ治֪ʲôãҪʹôϻʲôʵҵ뷨ɴһ֧һԱС·ֱ嶫긹أֲ˭֪⵽Ⱥ𷴶ԣ˵ʲôս˿ʵֱƣսСȡʤʵôصġ 
ǾϽʾϸƽء 
һɢҾͻ˱£ݳ˹ҿûӦƽȥġ뵽ƽеķӦҾ̲סЦ 



31 



ƽһڰᵽǺֻǲ۴Ū˴СԺס£Ҳûˣ˲ٳּƽΪ٣ֻƽգôļҲƿ˼ССĲ¥һҲڡҲӰ½ɵȥ˰ɣ 
ѵóһˣڼϹһȦЩСˣƽĲ¥˾ӡ 
ֵеúܣпȲģɲô 
һţŷ˾ӵ⻹һúãϯвվţԭͲĿռ伷ġ˿̻磬Ӧ˵ġ 
λ͹ٶûˣ磡һСӴҾЦ 
طʲôرôôˣҺʡ 
͹֪ɴ۾һؿҡ 
ϻ֪𣿡ݲͷص 
ǣС˵ǷϻϽӿڣλųƴ½һ˵ˮˮѲݵ֪Ϊʲô˾ӣÿݳһ˰ǳˮ˫ݺְĸģ 
ҡŶһȻԭǹŴĸݳᰡִֻиǣͽˡִʱĳĳʲôݳᣬÿζӦԭûȥɣҲţɡ 
һŮôͻȻߴһߡ 
С˵ʲôݵᣬ¥󲿷˶ˣ±мԼĴ˹ӶǮƵĹӸ硣 
ݡһЦ컹˵ҳԴ׳Ե̫ûҳԴ׵˵˭ 
һսʼĵƽʲôˣ 
硣Цеش˸к 
ƽңɫһ䣬æ˰æˣԼ˵ĺá 
ЦЦֹд񣺡΢ѲͲضˡ 
ǡƽŻûӦҵݣЩӲϲ͹վһߡ 
ɣһϡ֪ΪʲôҾǾƽӺܺ档 
ƽƫߵŵܵܣ¶ͳ˼ 
Ҹɿһڵ첻ֵ˵˵ôһˡ 
أſҼҧһڡ 
Ӵèôҧˡһһʹֻôɫ 
СݣɶԱ񡣡ƽһȻҾͶҺݵ˹ϵԹŰ黢ʵ۵ôõģ 
ûû¡Ҳ֣ô˵ݣôи˹Űĸ簡룬ƺʱƽķӦģҺݲء 
¡ƽͻȻ󡣡 
жϥлƽ𣬲Ҫ¹򰡡æȥ㿴ҴӷҲ˼һ򰡡 
СΪֱַ꣬¶׼СݻؼҾסƽûֻǼ˵ 
Ҵһ£û뵽Ҫ֪һֱֳҪҴӦҪ󡭡 
ҲҪݴһµأ۾ƽһһص磬Ҳ뿪ҪңҾ뿪 
ô᲻Ҫ㰡ҷģӺ汧ס 
£ƽһԸֻȫƽƽá 
ˣѾ޵ˡһһЦֵοҪϽ׹˭ң 
Ͻƽһ 
ͻȻ䣬ǰ洫һҵ 
ôˣһü 
Լλˮ˰ɡƽЦĸ˾ӿԶˡ 
⣬ܲƵġֵʡһʱ䣬Ӹղŵϲ˿ȥ 
ֻ徻ӰˡƽһӲ 
ȥߺˣ˵žҪߡ 
ιҿЦõסܻӭĳ̶ȣһֻ֣עĿѡ 
ҵĻû˵꣬һӾȻһƵĸֻûְ峪ҸʷǳһҲûȴ·һëģ˲ԾΪ֮ 
һ꣬ҾȵطԼȻûע⵽ʱţֻһ˲ѡˮĸ 
Ǹ˫˶ҪҪȥݵĵЦ 
һáָյߣһȻһʡæӲ˻ȥתͷ˫ЦЦ۾Цһ 
ʱһ¥ߵſڣƽչȥ˵仰˵ͷ 
һǻƱһ߽ 
ƽֽȥš 
ʲô£Դһ֣ȻʾͲˣ̶֣¶Ķһ֮硣 
̫Եı仯ƽԾŴ͡ 
Ǿǰ˵˼䡣 
֪ˣȻȥɣ£תͷӭѯʵĿ⣬ʹڶӽˡ 
ô죡ʧ 
ة̻ع׼ݲһ䡣 
Сݡƽ죬֪˵ʲôáǰܵܵĸоİȫʶǸãеԵĺӡ 
硣һְļ򣬡ǰǸСڽǿ̾Ѿˣվġ 
۹ϽѪսʵ۵װݡӵЦؽӿڡ 



32 



æܷ﹬İ»÷ص̲סһѵﱧԹЩôǵÿδû£ 
ʹڿ˵ʵϵĵһˣȻҪԴЦ 
绹ûлʵû̷ǲϰ߰ 
ûСҲü 
ҲûţҲĵ׷һ䡣 
ҡҡͷһҿһӡ 
֡ôε˰һԾһһҹ 
ܵİɣӳһҵͷ 
ô᣿Ҵԩô 
֪ԲҵĻ 
˺ˣæĶӣͬʱһ仰˵ȥæʲô 
ּЦ 



ȻӼʹڵĵطϼhݣҲûаųӵĸᣬֻ׼ʹҲֻϹȻ̷粻ڣݺȻݴĻְ 
ٴϸǰh֪ǲΪ˵Եʣҷƺǰ˲٣£ĵԭͲ԰׵ļǾӨ͸һ㡣˫Ŀ͸¶ɣǸĲˡ 
h¡hһɫʶҵӡ 
ʦˡ롣ˣҲֵװ⡣ 
λةˡhºؿϹȻһۡ 
ϹȻȻ˵ͷ 
ݡݲڣȱԼ֡ 
Ϻة࣬ϽӭhҵúܡhǳǳЦЦ 
ҿhЦݴ˴һ˵ĸо֮ǰ˺һǰʱȣƺʲôһˡ 
ţͻȻһʹȴҵ˿ĽǶصһѣعͷ˫ŭĿ 
һæ˳˸ԹĶ˶ϲͣҶhûʲôĸоô׸ʲôοҿķʲôֻǱһòץסһ˿ʧˡ 
򵥵˵˼䳡滰㿪ʼ⡣ԭΪĺѡĻӳ廪᲻hԥشӦˣҾ̫˷̤ʵ 
ڻϸڣȻh֣ǰæҲﲻϵġУϸһhȻǵգȴû䵽ȥģżһ˿ֻǿ׽ҵĸоҪǷͺˡ 
һ˳ʱĿתضŲţҲеڵģhûŭ˼ֻ΢΢ܿҵĿ⣬Ҷӡ 
ʿɶֹһ㣡ߴϸӬ 
ҾѹεһЦڿڸץס֣Ϲ룡 
ءߡһ 
ʦɫã;ͶôϹȻͻȻһ䡣 
лģֻЩˡhȻ 
ôة͹ʦʹϢɣ֮¹ϵش󣬲һʱæһ䡣 
ôˡh˵վ 
ϹȻȻҵ⣬ҵ˸˵ȥҲˡ 
ι뿪Īؿڡ 
ߣһץܷ﹬³ȥϵһϣ˳Ҳһ׸ϣȥҰ硣 
ôˣݽ·һͷˮؿҡ 
мҪȷһ¡˵ֲ꣬һ䣬Ҫ 



33 



ĪϳݵɫȻÿȥһʣ֪Īƺ̷û͸ˡ 
ĪҲüͷǸļһ참Ͱ참ѷȥʲôҿ֮ⲻھƣҪǸҶԷôң 
ۡݿܻӣһЦ 
ЦҺݺݵص棬١úáʣ 
Ͳõģᣬңֱ̨ףץͭŻص 
Ӧš 
ǽȥתߡǽȻҸû˵Ľ 
㡭εظߡ 
Ŀǰ书ȻҪݴţתһСͬ׾ٵؾͽ˸ڡ 
ǡݿЦ 
֣ôһ˶ûУںԺתһȦץץͷҪ참ҲðѼ˶ɳȥɣȫôಶǸʲôõģ 
Ҳֵش˼ţȻûӰ 
ȥǰ濴ɣӿһɲõԤС 
һ߹¶ţƯһŨҵľ㡣 
죡ƽѵľƶ˰ɣűӵ 
ߡһֱŨҵķ 
һס󳶣漴ɽ߿ţĽȻҲʡ 
ĪƣҴ߽š 
ȻǰľȴסˣضǷľ̳ӣ˵ҲжʮһЩоõ˵ϣѹ־Ũң 
ǡڵƴƵĪ 
ʱǸ˧ӳҵԺУǰݵľƹôԲϺŰ 
Īƣ̽ؽһ 
ĪȻž̳ĮȻһۣȡ 
Īƣ̲סȥݺץס·ӵ 
硭ĪƼɬؿһ֣ãȻңһƬ⡣ 
ιѣһȭȥ 
£ңָָһĴ齡 
磡ɿĪƣٶȳ˹ȥ 
ɵ̷磬ֻԭӨӽţƺҵĵֻ΢΢֪š 
磿Ҳּһ壬֪ûˣ΢һģͷȣĪƣԷʲôΪʲôԣ 
ʲôĪƵԵĶˡ 
㣡ŭ𼸺ջҵǣңȥʮ߰˶ˡ 
ŭģ֪ģ̷粻һԲһҹҾͲ֪书ãȴѡҵĴ 
£侲һ㣡ݽң̴ֻѨƣѾ⿪ˣϾͻѹģ㡭Ҫӣ 
ݵ֣ǵĿ⣬ҺȻǰ³ǸõǸСͤʱоȻĿʹѣ޷ڷпͬľ 
ʲôʼֻڣĪֹһھƣȻص˾̳Цʶʮ꣬ʮ꣬ǣ£һоͶˣΪʲôΪʲô㣡 
Եһû뵽̷еһ䡰ҺܲͷĪе㽻顱Ȼʮꣿ÷ 
ϣӴϴ 
磡ҳȥؽ 
̷˳ұţһŵ£Źɣˡ 
ˣϲһģɬɬģ֪ʲôζ 
˵ҵѨһȥҲûô̷ǳǳЦ 
ţסˣҲһѹͷŭĪơʲôСĶˡ 
һǷˡĪƿԼ˫֣ȻһЦô˺޷ڴϣҡȻ²֡磬ó޵ĿңֻнƽҪɱɱɣ⼸ҹҹż尾 
һƵ˵Ļҵɱʧˣӵ̷磬͵͵صΪ 
̴Ȼ˵Ź㡭Žǰصֻһ仰롭ǲߵģ 
ҵҲĪƵĻش 
ΣĪƵ 
㡭ΪʲôŻʡ 
ֻż룬ûгǲǻһˡĪƣر۾ 
Ĭһһؿڣݣ̲ɷá 
ݵ˵ͷĪҲûз˼˽һֽ 
ǻȥɣҶ̷¶һЦݡ 
̷һ죬΢΢ҵĻϵ΢Цһӱ˾֡ 
һûӦֻһʹʶʱڰ 
һ˲䣬ҷ·ݵŭ𡭡 



34 



һָʶʱѾҹˣһƬԼԿΧľƺĴլӡȻݺ̷綼ߡ 
ʹĺ󾱣شӵȼһˣҲַˡ 
ʲôе澩ǰܻʵۣҾȻǵݺ̷棡˵书Ҳδߵ˰ɡ 
˼ΰ˼Σò׿ŷ͸һ˿ӿŲȴ һĶʧȥһղƽ⣬صˤȥ 
Ӵʲôһ߰ҵĶ 
ⴥСˣ 
ҳһæڵϵ˷ 
ڴ¶ͷ¹⴩ϡ 
һûˤȥ 
hôh˭ô¾Ȼһʼ϶͵Ϯҵ˳hбˣ 
ֻǣһhϼʱ㲲һͷԺԵҲʧȥ˹ҵִһ̽Ȼľпտյûзֺڡ 
hιѣǾŪҲҪ֪ΪʲôҲѡȻ￴ȥû˿أҲŲôףڵû书һǺ£ 
Ȼhҵĵе㷢ˣȴֻǵ͵͵һ˿ûҪ˼ǺǣҪڵĻһҪҲϧ˰ɣͦԼЦó 
ôҳһ£ƴһ档 
һȦȻŴˣ״̬µȻѲңû滨ľźͼʵשǽڼֱʵڽҵһȻװ߰ĸҵ˿ǵûܵôҾдҲˡ 
šϵh˶ 
ιæ˹ȥ 
hƵ۾ңһĨϲ֮ɫȥȡ֮һƬį 
Ҳһ˵ôñôָоǰˣҲҲǲܵġҵֱȻͬһˡ 
žͺãҰסӣȲʣʲôطΪʲô˭Ǵģ 
hһۣƣر۾Ϊֻ˯ȥʱȴؿˣһô࣬ôش𣿡 
ǸҸЦʹʦˣʲôط 
乬hûٵҡ 
乬ʧһȻҵĻʹ 
ҲǾȫĵط˰ɣh 
Ϊûӣ乬û˾סϴ˵ʷкüλɱ乬һǻʹĽأƽûа˻῿ֻȻٴһ㣬뵽طˡ 
˭ģ̾һ˵书hǶ֣ȻҲΣգ 
hֻǿңûпڡ 
֪Ըش⣬ֻпЦôңҪôӳȥ 
ȥhص뿪طֻ·һ 
ǰɣһȥҪȥ»Ҫ 
Կhֳ 
˵úأҪǿˡü¡ 
𶯣h΢΢һһѳĶ̽ͼҵĲϡ 
ʲô˼ɫһ𱨰 
ţҪ߳ţľ򣡡hĮòһ˿飬ԣȿ죬ҵĽ죡 
ʲôһָҴ˲ɣ 
ҪôĻǰɣhջؽԼϥϢֻ˲£˫ĿҴʧеĿɬζ 
ٴ̾˿εߵԶĽ£Ҳʼô˵ҲϵűȣܵԼŬh˵úأҪָܻ뻹лİɣ 
¹⣬һƬĬнб 



35 



۾ʱɫѾӼ̶жϣҲˡ 
Ǹ书ַʵںܸŬ˰죬Ÿоһ˿΢ٶȥҪָ书ûиʮֻǲܵġ 
Ҳûбİ취ֻһһˡ 
ߵǽǣˮ͸ûзҲ¶ĵİ취ɱĿϢhԥһ£һʳطߡ 
ΪʲôԵҲôģҸתh 
ˣ˵Ҳûˡʼ򣬻ص¿ʼи 
ɱңҵ㣿 
ι𣿡Ҳü 
ɡhЦ 
ιҺһˮͻȻĹʦhô 
Ϊʲôôʣhɫһ 
ؿʦƺŬôʣŽȥ˵˺ܶࡣ 
᣿hıԽһ£漴ȻʧЦúˣҾh 
û˫ֵ̥ܣһһģҲĵ׷ʡ 
Ҳ֪ôֵͷhһۣĮصҾhһ޶һ 
𣿡һڸߵߡ 
ʲôhؿңս˶̽ 
ôţֻǾģҸİˡҳЦЦһţӣ¡ 
˵ʲôhͷȥŴ⡣ 
ﵽʲôĿģҺܾˣƺûлشҵ˼ּһ䣬ҪҲҪ׹ɣ 
ҪĻھͲˡhȻ 
⻰ʱû֮ˡ˿ֵʲôʱҳȥ 
֪hɴص 
֪һУҮ˵ָʹˣ 
hԣתͷؿңҪô˵ĻҲ㡣 
ιһк 
˫۾ҵҲƽ 
ˣûпhвʱģȷһֽ˵ 
Ҳ˵ݡڳ£Ҳѵ˵ҲŲ׵Ĺȥ 
ʲôhҵĳ˼ 
ǰҶһ˵仰ĽǰЩûйȥǲģҲǿȥʹǶιȥǶôĲȥΪȥֻǹȥʲô 
hһ˿Ȼ֮ɫһŻָϵĮϢȴǵ˲٣֪ࣿ 
ţһϸˣ 
һhҡ 
˵ɣˬصΪʵۣ»治࣬hôˣҲʲô췽ҹ̷Ƶ 
hɨηһۣ¶һ˿΢ЦΪڣҵˡ 
˵һ顣ص 
ˣһһ֪ġhظһ飬ȴһ仰Ȼڡ 
Ҳ㡣 
ҲҪ顣hȻ 
ҿóģֻǡҿЦһи֮󻹲øκҶǸ˼ɫҪǰҶ˵ʹӦˣûкҪҸҲ֮á 
Ȼ۾磬ݣȻ̬һ侲 
İˣҵõһѾݳޣ˲Բ֪㡣hôˣֻ֮ٲұ֤ᰮ 
ΪʲôңҿЦ 
עĽ١h 
٣Űҡҡͷ 
šhңЦúܷ̣㶼ʱתʬˣȻţ 
㡭ŵüӣ㵽˭ 
hֻǳĬؿҡ 
ҴӦˡҳ̾˿ֻǡʹҲҲνô 
h۾ᶨص˵ͷ 
һ̽ϡ 



36 



֮ӦЩʲôأ 
ǰû磬ϲ§̷԰ϰ죬ʲôֻ˾ڲݵϿƣʱŵر졣 
hҾͲ֪ôˣ˵˺һǵжԹϵأҪҰ§ڻ˵찡㻹ٴһװһʱȥɣ 
ҡǰ㵽Ǹʲô˰ɣh˸˳Ƶա 
ң̶һ仰ĵǸңǱԭΪⱲҲ¡ 
Ψһ֪ҲǳֻһϹȻȻһ˿ǰ£ҪҴԼɳһ֪ݵԸһ˼ʼҵĹȥ 
ҵĹһִ˿ƽģĸĵ׼ͥûʲôůƽƽĳɼȲ£Ҳʲô֮һˮһƽ 
ȻһŴ˵˵һжô棬˵ϷɵӣɻҪ;ͻĵƣƣʲôֻϲŮˣһֻȢһ֮ġ 
Ҵ֪ĮhôʢʲôҪʡ 
Ƕ˾ͳԸ˺ˮ˾ǽ˯һʱh;ҽҹȥʮ 
ÿ̫һҾĶ̽ϻһۼӡ֪ʱȥҲߵͷοhġࡱķǳҡ 
˼ֻ֪ȸҲûǣ֪䣬ϵĿ̺Ѿ 
һʱ֡ 
ص΢hϣƺǲ԰׵ı˪Ҳڻ˲٣һ˿ů⡣ 
һ졣һ߿и˳̽µߵ̺ۡ 
һôѰôhʡ 
Ұ㵱֪֪ҵĻദҶhѾûĵ;£Ψһ⡰Ҷ᳾˵һС 
ǰȴһֲĴڡ 
طʽԸٺ㳩̸켸ҹʵ 
õģǲµġh·𿴳ҵ˼İˡĺҸ 
hؿ 
Ȼ˹ϵȻáι֮ƺˡ 
ϲ㣬ġh˵ţͷҿ˵仰ʱı顣 
ǰûмɣ̲סһ飬ҲҪСһǰᰡ 
ǰӦ֮룬ڱ潻ս֮ʣТʵۡhͻȻ˵һصĻ 
һҹȻʵ۾Ȼģ 
ǣһΡʧˡhЦһ£ֻǣȻʧˣȴסǿȻ˺˿ռ䣬󾩳ǣƵƽǶʹý췣 
ͻȻҳһ죬Īһֲı꣬ѵ˵hĻ£ùײرʱգ뵽ֻñһ쬵ģѾһ亹 
ִǳֻ˺ѿռӦǾͿʱ⵽һôĺƽˡһУȻֻhһ˵ģҲֲ̫˰ɣ 
֪ҴĻ¡hβסеĿɬֻǣҴֲǣҸӦһ㡣Ϊѣ췣ûнǣԾģҿʼңԶ̳עһһֻҪ飬۴Сϸٶȷ͵֪ĳɳİ飬һȫȫؿǡʱţҷԼԽԽ޷Լȥ㡭֪Ұˣһδ棬֪ҵĴڵˡ 
ĿɿڴؿŸղŵѶϢ 
̫̫ˣҪ˴Խʱաʬ꣬Ҿԡһֶģ 
ģҿƽƲԭһһ¡h˵ϲң 
ҺҰϷ磬ݣȻȴûа 
Ҹףhңһκ˶޷Ĵڡ 
ֻУҶ᳾ǳ 
ֻϵǸǡҶ᳾ 
ֻһ¡Ҷһһ䣬ؿڣ޼ǲɱġ 



37 



ʵ̫ˡhͻȻݸһЦ֮Լûн 
һйֱǰһζȰǰȴֻܿܳԵĸоĵθڰ 
мʱô 
롣hɫһָ˵ 
˵Ҿü 
 
ûе£ 
hЦЦսЩߣҼܸܵ߳ȵϢ 
ţһ˵ͬʱ𣿡ң۾һգһգģŨܵĽëţǺĳ 
һ㶣Ųšⲻν˸ 
˵hߴٵ 
ţҵͷɻص㲻˵Լɣ 
Ϊʲôô룿hĬһŵ 
ΪڵسʱЩһʵ˵ 
Ϊעõhü䷺һ˿ϲɫǲǿΪҲһأ 
Ҷʱ˵˵ĿɬζԸΪ̷ɱˣhhҲ˳ɫ㣬ôᰮƽңֻǣҶ᳾ʵһƬ鰡 
ӺСʱҾȾ赹ʱһطʱҲȥ˺þáȻȫȻûЩʱļ䣬ǻǾ£ǷŭҲԼʱһʲôµġh¶ĹâصԴҿʼ书غٳˣżȻһΣʱ͸ˡ 
һֱûлʱļ䣿̲סʡ 
šhͷЦʱΣһǴƶϳʲôµġ 
ȻأŬ˼ִҽѧϹ˫˸ĶֻۣҲѧҽģȥҲֻ֪һЩĶôȴ޲ˡ 
ֱǰٹһΪԡȻͻȻ֣ܹظӦʱһУֹֻۿԼӽɱ˷м˾h˵ţļ΢زš 
ĴĴʹ֣뽫§תȴԥˡ 
ûнֵ飬ǲǲϣ 
ϾϣԽ࣬ҲԽ 
һ˵ˡḩͷãȻŽ֩ݶ 
ǣʲô䣡ûֶڣ 
ţִҽѧĽǶhϵ¶ǿԽ͵ģΪʲô䣡 
ԺҾ֪ﻹһҡĴڣҲ֪ҵĴڡκ¡ǸѻģǧټöԷʧ 
ĪǡһеҴģ 
h𣬱ʾĬϡ 
찡һǡʱ 
hһ̷ֵۣȷͬ죬ʹǡҲľ˹ŰġֻҪ㲻ߣǲðʧΣճġ 
˵Ҫܾɱң˼𣿡ҿЦ 
Ҳh 
ʲôĿģҲʣֱӳͻһ˶ԡ˵ʲôô 
ûаϣֻԼѡhңһŽȥȥ˵ΪԻңȡĿȨɡ 
ң㣿죬¶¶ǵİȴһ˵ 
ô죿ʵ 
h˿ɫͻȻԼʱ쵽ˡ 
Ҵһ£˵˼άԾҲ̫ǿһɣ 
һҪ󡣡h۾һ¡ 
ǣǰߵľգҲ˿ڿˮƲأվԹߵͣҲòϣУŮûκ˼h 
Ȼ˵νˣȴֶû 
ǣ 
һֱΪǲۼ飬Ը˺κˣ곡ϷһҲǲԣǣȴֻܸ˵ġ 
Ө黮ӣ߲ĺۼ 
һʹˡһ̾ĿͷһǡǹĶͷ 
ģ·ëģѩȾϼĸо 



38 



ͻȻ䣬ֻϼѨͬʱһ飬ʱȫãɵôһhʲô 
Բ𡣡hһ˫ִҸ´ưұϡ°ҵļ³Ϣһ˿˿Ҿ䣬һĸо 
أһůĴڣе̷˹ʱĸоֻhĹԱ̷ߵö࣬ټϴʱķĲͬһʼֻȵϪȴͬ뺣Ĵӣˮǳһһ㡣Ҫһǰֻѽ϶ˣ 
޷ҧǿ֫ٺд̹ǵľʹŬѣԼιȥȻԭƵȴʼѼhͽʼת 
˵ʹǿܵĻȾͲôˣִڲѪҺڵȡ֪˶ãҵʶڿʼɢģȻhҶ˵һġԲ𡱡 
 
ʹԶһ·࣬ 
h¡ 
ţҪ߳ţľ򣡡 
ΪʲôԵҲôģ 
Ϊڣҵˡ 
İˡĺҸ 
ʱţҷԼԽԽ޷Լȥ㡭֪Ұˣһδ棬֪ҵĴڵˡ 
ǲǿΪҲһأ 
Ҳ 
Լʱ쵽ˡ 
Բ𡣡 
 
hhhhƬҵԺֻƴ֡ 
ҺΪʲôᰮҡΪʲôҪңֻſ죬ȴ·лգһҲ˵ 
ȡڣƤƺһֱյʹ 
ѵ۾ͻȻѾжˡӳһƬɫ֮ҲΪѾϦµʱ֡ 
䡫һ˻Ĵһ졣 
һ¾ѹΣʲôϦ乬ˣһУƼӵһ±˽֪̿ôģ 
hҷ˵ڲԶhæ 
ֻеûһ˿ӦҵķӦҲ̽һıϢã 
hһҧƵĿڣͽȥһ˿ 
ϣһ˹Ҳŷڵ浽ҲĵزҳԺѧȻڹͬ 
šҲܵ˴̼h۾԰׵Ҳһ˿ɫֻ֪ѪɫǱһӳġ 
hôҼҪվ뿪ط 
¡hȴƿң⼸մδֹǵ񱱺ǿ֮ĩΪһڼһͳ½ָտɴhֻԸģ壬ͬԼ񡣡 
ҲٲǸһ²Żش 
˵䣬ҡҡ׹ 
ʲôȳȥ˵ҿɲɿһץסðŴŨȥ 
ٽʵĴҲסһգοڶЩĪָ̧һƣȴűȻء 
߰ɣҴϲڹⶫǺðhֽˣȰȫһҪô£ 
ϣhȴڽһ֮ңĵطҵ֣ͣ½Ų 
ôˣżʡ乬ʱᵹһ̱һΣաĻѾ˹ѿߺֻ౻ȥѰҵ䣬һʱ֮Լ鲻㹻Ȼ 
£ԶԶģϹȻĺ 
ҵҵľȻȻôԾأҵĴһȡ 
ҡhңɬص᲻ᰮң 
᲻᣿һ㶡ҵһۼ˲̷hһ᲻ᰮҲ֪ѾȥûСҿֻʱ䵹ȥһ飬Ȼ˭֪أ 
ǡƭһ¶İhЦ 
ҽΨһ֪Ҳƭ㡣ӳ£ֻЦݸһֽ޵ 
ֻ֪ôh͵͵ػζһ֣תȻˣʹֻǡ֪ҲܳΪΨһɣ 
hüʲôȴֺܲõԤС 
֣h 
Ҷ᳾ŻԽԽҲܵˣҴ³ֱǿȥ֡ 
СģhٵؽһһûӦʱصһơ 
Ҳ֪ȥĻôұƵĲվȣҪǰʱһȼյĺصס˳ڣڹ⡣ 
hһ𣬱ҪȥӶǽ̮һ˲㽫ڶµʵʵ 
ƺhƿʱһ仰᳾ټ 
ݵãҷ˷Ƶ𳡳ȥֻһͱסˡ 
Ҫ𣡡ϹȻǽŭ 
ҡԵػͷղƺ˼֣һΡ 
һӶӵʿڳٵָ¿ʼȻǸң弸ԼѰh 
ʦ棬ҿ˿Ȼץסҵ֣֪ſֻ˻Ը 
ϹȻӹһ˿ɫȴûʲôһʿˮֻſڳã˹ʪıðճǰῪڴĶ 
¡һ죬乬һ룬һŨ̴ų 
ŵؿƴȻˣҵڽ³ƺԤУҿҲ¹įȴƫƫһеˡ 



39 



ûеõhϢǰô뿪ȻҲȰң̷ֻңԼһڹһڳѸƽҡ 
⼸ʹʲôûУͻȻ£æߵ̷硣 
ʹڶӺҲǵĹʦأѾһʿڡ̷شҵĻȴԵЩĲɡ 
ҲЦֹȥ§飬hɱˣȻվڹҵϣֲӲȡ 
̷ŵ˺󼸲ȻʿæžȻ𣬽еһӻҲĬתȥ̷绹ǷŲ 
ڵҲʵûеϷ顣 
£̫ˣǻܷ﹬Ϣɣ̷̲סĻ꣬ո켸ҹģҲûð 
ҿ˿һͿ·Ҳ֪˵οʹȳhڵǰӦô 
ĬȻأ̷뿪˻𳡡 



ܷ﹬Уѱڵķ˺͸ɾ 
ҡҡͷ˵ûθڣҲ̷ܾ飬һ·޹Ȫô£Ҳþһúˡ 
һ˼ţһȥ۵·ϣһ죬һ·˳ 
ţһһȴһ˿ŵģֳ飬֪ʲô 
⿪˿ʱһŲʵĹâкһϾȥâԴͱһѶ̽סĿ⡣hĽҿָźϴֻ̽ǰɫĽأǺƣֻоģָкܺáϸҲ֪һıУĸι״֣ȴϵá 
½ҲŷַַһĴָӣ׵ɫȴɢ߲ʵĹ⻪ϴһǱӲϵġ 
΢һ£ҾͻȻⶫ 
ֲ£hǹŴ˵е飬ഫhʱһӣŽСh 
̷Ժ 
h飬h͸ңǲ˵һʼû뿪ҽ߬ӣָ׼ҪǶ 
һҲſǿ˿ƺдЩʲôһæһʧ 
˿дĽһμ̵ڹķھͼªͼּϸľճ̼дȥģмּģرϲ塣 
h㾹ȻûֻƬ𡭡ҿЦţֽ˿һߡûгưԽҰģʹǾ书Ҳô 



һһҹűҺ乬شƫƧƲûӵʹҲǲеĴ˰ɡ 
ʲô˵ʲôǰϹȻˣʬôܣճɻңҲйǻ°ɣ 
ǣÿһ涼Ҳʦһëǡ£ĻᡣϹȻҲü˼⡣ 
Ҵ˰˵ֻǽذĿڡhѹҲϣhѵôĳס㡭 
£ʲô£˵֪𣿡ϹȻ 
֪һʣһϢѱø塣ʵ˵ֻǽhɱԭΪһΪΣѡΪʹȻҲ뵽hᰮңⷬ߷ּ٣޷졣 
ϹȻݺ̷Ҳǵһ˵˫˸ֶ̫Ծ֮£һСС©ҲͺԹȥˡ 
ʵԼҲǺΪʲôh¸ǣֱֻΪȽϺá˵ˣٷһ᲻ˡҲҶhĺ飬ҪٿǷһΡȻΪѾʧȥˣֺߵģȴ 
hһ֡ 
̷ɫ֣Ӧúܸ˵ģǡǸhνġˡҵĻЩȷˡ 
ǶȥϢɣ⼸Ҳۻˣʲô˵ҿһݵİˣ̲ס 



40 



Ρ 
ȻǸʮĹѾҷϳˣηһӢͦεòΡҼĪƵʱҼֱǱµĲ 
ǲеֻˣդңң 
Īơֻúɸɵġ 
ˣҼԵġĪĮޱػش 
ʵǣΪʲôҵһЩ 
ֻ֪ǵ뿴ʧܵӰɡĪ赭дص 
֪֪Ϊ㣬߾սͿ̿ŭɶ 
ŶĵĵǱ߾İգǲϽ뿪ǣĪۿҡ 
㡭ҲΪ֮ᡣĵĸһЩԼҲǺǰֻ֪ץ벻Ҳһ 
Ҳ׷Ϊʲôϲ㣬ֻǡĪصңһġ 
ʲôʱˣ̲ס 
ΪôȣӵұҲ˿⣿ĪЦֻԶʹĵף㲻ʱжį 
ؿ˵ 
磬ݣϹȻ㰮ĵһ 
װһҲЦԡһҶ᲻áŲ°˵һҸô˵ңָʲô 
Ƶģ뿪Ρ 



æų£ղӰ˿˾ǷˣҷӦʱŷԼȻվϢ˹ſڡ 
ϰ߻ǸµĶ 
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