صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ

1ڣһ          
һ    
ƴ﷽ӰڿɼоΪƴެ٣ձɣԭ\زʿСʱסй֮ˡһģ֤ȷΪʷоϱһҶΨĽެΪޣֹ顷ɣԭ֮ΧϹ㣬ΪԼڸ֮Ȼɲ꣬ƴϵдɡ 
  
һ֮ʷϼκ֮ನ֮ˡȡú꣬ڼϮ⣬ʱߢ֮ݼӢѧ˼ܱ֮²ʣܲԴڴҲԼϷ滭֮ 
  
ԪԴڴȻ̷֮ǡĿΪƴйʧձ֣пɿС֡ݺպ㡷Сͥ֡ز֡ݡ⯡ҹ֡֡֡лʶĻڡССݡͷ֮ߡɴ֣̿Կ֪ţɴδѵ·𡣴һҲһԪż֮Ȼߵ֮һ͢Դ֣ڮΪ̺ϸ۾ںȻԪߵ֮ϵ಻ܷϡƴС֮򣬶⣬ԪϷݱ֮ۼΪ֮ס乱йϷʷ󣡴һҲ 
  
й滭ǰΪʼ԰͹ﻭУɽˮʯ档άˮīɽˮעȾ쿪ڷδīΪءĦڵ̣Ԫ»Ϊ塣Ŵ֮й֮ȹۻϣϢԪԺй֮ݱ䣬֪ӡ 
  
֮ʢԼΡԪɼʢ˥΢ɴԿ֪ϵ֮ܣԼһ֮סʷʵһߡ   
ԴˣΨȡƴй֮볤йߣԼűȣ֮ΡΨΪ£й֮оȻԻȽϣʵʡڴ˼䣬ʷϲѰԺ޴֪ƴ˹֮װ裬֪ڡ֦Ļ֮ǣ֪Ŵ֮šƪΨܽмʷϣͶĿܽӼߣΪ֮ᣬ幩Ĵһʷʵ֮żƲ⣬ڿ֮ʿԽ֮ 
  
ڱƪָ򣬷šԭط֮ӡйƵϵܣƪܾôֱۡƪԳΪޣй֮²żˣǸҹΪʡ߷֮ƶžӻΪ죣 
        
2ڣ Ԣ֮(1)         
 Ԣ֮   
йԺΪʢƴ"Ƽ"йˣ֮ӺգǿɼҲӵƣԢ಻һ㣬ڳ˱ԤɡɣԭʿһģԢ֮ԼԵδܾȽʰؼʿ߼֮ףÿɿߴں 
  
йʷй׶ԱκһΪ࣬ʱԢߣ"Դڴأ֮"ڣҸԡȻں뼮֪֮֮࣬ɷ֣಻Ҳ۳ΪĻϾΪ֮ġ֮䣬䲻ܱԪκʱ֮ȴ಻ʣڿɮԨڳɼһߡƶԢն֮࣬ؼԼĹ־һһɿҲ 
  
壬ҿ֤ެգпšйԺһнãϮȡ֮ɣ֮ɷ֣滭һˡ壬ڴԭิղ۳Ԫһ꣩ͻʼƽ岩飬Ǩͻ˷ӳ˽ңڴ˻Ϊƴ""֮һˡƾ׸ڣ챦ʮ򻧣ʱˣһͻ˽ңϿɾӡ˱֮֮࣬ʣ꣬ĿȾ䱾޹ֺϸΪ֮̾Ҳ 
  
챦ĩʷ֮ңݣ¶꣨Ԫ꣩Ԫ˧ƽ˧˷ʳ֮ʮڣոʷ֮ƽڴ˱߲٣Ҷ̫׽ǧ棬ʹΰ֮ʣʹ콾һóУŮɱˣĪ˭ΡԺ󣬻۳߳ǧˣӪΪ˽ݵڼλ콫Ԣ֮ȫǲأŹɱʹ߶ͻȾŰ֮Ҿ硣챦Ժ󣬻ȴͻʶ۳˷Įв֮˳ɷ֡ð֮Ӿӳ֮պ壬ɣԭΪ˱պӦᡣ޾ݡļھˣżʯˣνΪ"ǻ"ʯйʯգ˱ʯ֮ڻߣɣԭԾպΪգ˵ҲڻʯˣںȲ׸ڻ֮ڳһ¾ļ£ڻꣻ꣨Ԫ꣩ެ͹ԻҹƣмлˣձɮԲѧ׼֮ڳ꣨Ԫ˶꣩󽫾ӴھǮΪߣΪݱݣοۡкһڣ˽ԿɼԺʱ֮Ҳ 
  
̫ԺެʢǬ⡢̺֮ʣݣ¤һûެöػʯ飬ĩެ߲һ㣬һʱ֮Ҳй֮ͨެжϣǰͥ¼ʹڳ߹·ȾԢ䣬ںɣԭָͨڼ͡ǵʱ߻ʮ꣬ӣլȡ֮࣬լߺͣǧˣ˱飬۴һ֮Ҳں֮ȢŮΪޣʼڵʱƻҪƣ 
  
"۶꣨Ԫ꣩ʮ뷣ެʹȢúŮΪ߲ýެ"Ĺ־кŮ֮֮Ҫ֮ģƺһںŮ֮壬ɲ޽ֻýެ 
  
ƴԢ֮ˣ²ࣺκģãȻѰߣһҲ̺Ҳɮ´ҲʱηǲֶΪƣþӳӽʷ볯ʣʮ֮ãټһвм뼮ΪߣҲȽۺֹ֪ΣȼԶ١ȡȻƼǡǣԼ˹ڴ˱г֮ӣɸżӡ 
  
ξ ңഫǰVijayaһ塣˹̹M.A.SteinSten 
Konowо֮VijayaSaka֮Viйʷ֮ξϼViһ֮ٹйξ١ƴԢ֮ξˣԨԴԣһΪھѻ֮κξٲһ壻һΪ֮Ӷ뻪ߣһϵ㲻ߡ־Σ 
        
3ڣ Ԣ֮(2)         
ƴסӳѻ֮ξϣξپһ壬Ϊξپ£顷ʮˡ顷ʮдԸ꣨Ԫ꣩ڳ˽ڡ³˽ڣ󡶳־ϳٷӱո顷׫±ӿʦֺξӣνҲθɮƣ 
  
Ϳֺξϣ׳Ҳξ֮κͬ𣬺ξٲл֮뻪ԲΪҲκƽ˵϶ȣΪ򽫣˻ɡڣὫɽؿҲ顷д 
  
³ںκξٲκ顤־νΪξϡΤ¼ǡλ᷻±̫ξٸլּξġƽ忪ֹܲξξٰլξġξٰԳξٲλᡢƽԱϱ˴˲֮ռ൱֮ʣһ˱֮ҲձϪΪκξٲʵʼڡ֮ƽ˵ξ˵ʷ֮Vijaya-kirtiξټVijaya֮룬˵kirtiһ֮壨kirti֮ơϪ˵д֤Ψѻ֮һ壬٣޿Ҳ 
  
֮ʼӳ֮ξϣξٰǼɮӣɮϵ֮һҲɣԭԶǡƣ   
ξɮٹˣǡɮ٣Ϯ⿤ƻʱ԰Ϊξ٣ɮΪСξ١   
ξɮ丸ǣʷδΪӣȻͬ⿤ɮӲˡǣǡ֮Ǽɮ˸ͬΪӶþӳҲ 
  
ɮڰ͹һɣ֮ﻭܴӰ죬ڱƪ"֮"һиΪۣΨԿǸ֮ϵݡǡξɮլΤ¼ǡθɮϴԭϾլϴƣ 
  
ξϣٹҲ֣Դ£󽫾ͣΨ˼꣨Ԫߡ꣩£լΪ£ʣ⠥ԻҲ 
  
ξɮͬΪͬ⿤ǰͬһլԪ¶ͽĿ¼ϴξ֣֮졣ν"Ω򣬳лҵ̷ĳٳ輫"ơΪʱˣĳƳСξͬʱΪһңɰ֣ĩйȺʦ򣬳л챦Ժξʤ֮ȻԷ"棬Ȥ"Ҳ 
  
Ժ챦Ҷӣɿ챦ԺξʤŮʤ顷һʮġ顷һһʮдּḮԪ꡷Űʮ»ɽ֮ѣʤй£ʱǧѡʷƽʤйȥԢзʷ"ʢͤԴͣ߶֮"ùڵףΪơݡ顷ʤʱʮģԪʮ꣨Ԫ߾꣩ݶáĸԼŮҲSten 
Konowڡоп֤ξʤ֮Vijaya-sambhavaξΪ֮Vijaya-bohan༴ٹ֮Vi-vahanԪ췴٣м֮Ҳ 
        
4ڣ Ԣ֮(3)  
ʱξ࣬ڳַ֮ڳvʱ˳ھŽ񣬴Դ۷vū̫Уξ¢ƴϡ˶߲֪ǷڻѾ֮ξٲξپһͬԨԴǱͬΪ֮᣿޿ɿƴ̷ٺˣϸӡϸӣƸҵͬա̫֮ˡ׺̼ڡ鳱Ǻˣ˵󣩣ξµָͬǷΪ汱ͻʻʺ֮ã񲻿֪ӡ 
  
 
չϣԺŰĦ֧٣ն֮ѧδҲӳʼƳʦȥ֮һҡ㣬顷д顷ƣ"գӥ󽫾ɽȥ켮ס"Ԫͳɽʷ"Ϊ⣬ηԶȨƣ񹱷ʳ£Ӵȡܷѡֿʵհ֮"һ֮˴ӹٶΪѭҲʷδֱԪ롷޾һ壬迯Ҳ죣 
  
ɳߣֲޣˡʩެ죻귣⽫ɳʱͻʹ佫ɽԿԪʮ꣨Ԫ߶꣩ʮʮް˽ڣٰʮһԪ--߶꣩ɳ顷޴Ĺ־ʼĹ־ɳްڱȻɽԢοĩ»־ν"Դͼ"ν"ֵУʮ"ɳߣ󹦳ˣϢӰȪ첷Ӷʶ 
  
йʷ֮գϣΪչˡʦ£"á֡ͳࡷԡϡƪʷκϷ⣬Ƿǣ׫ɡ塷һپԪ꣬ԪأԪ߰˰--һ꣩þ"ܡԪʮ꣨Ԫ˶꣩£ʮģԪ--˶꣩ͬʱΪҲ 
  
ʱֹ̫ܸͬʱūãƵʱū֮ᣬңϡͬΪˣҲ֮ϵ˵֮ۡ衷һڣȲ׸ 
  
ĩһִ˵νݺתΪӡϲ顷ƣ   
ϣɡÿԸԻ"Ϊ𷨡"ٹһӣļ֣г   
Ȼչϣ֮ת֮ʢԶʤգնתΪ١ͼԵΣ붫ҰҲ   
Ȱ 
ȰϣԴԶԺƣһУԶΨξǿһ϶̳Ҳ϶оɹշʻڭ貼ʧ϶ԭ֮Suvarna-puspa𻨣HaripuspaʦӻƲ⣬ΪPuspa֮ھĿǰۣ˵ǽΪɾҲ 
  
֮䣬ָ湤аߣ顤־֮Ȳڣ쾵۳ѭ֮Գ֮ɣԭνﵱǹˣϵ汱ͻʻʺй֮һˣ֮ʢһʱ˵"֮"һڣ˱Ӧ޹ϵԺʱģͼƿ٣ʱ̹ͥʷδ䳤ӴȻǣҲ 
        
5ڣ Ԣ֮(4)         
ެТˣɣԭΪһԢ޿öֱۡעʮйӰТ˳ԢТǷһ壬޿ɿ 
  
۷й۷ϣǰۼϣע⼰ߡ۷ǬĹ־κƽ꣨Ԫһ꣩ʦǰϢ۷¹Ĺκʼ꣨Ԫ꣩Ϊʱй֮۷ˡ۷Ĺ־̺꣨Ԫһ꣩ڱܣ壺Ϊƴй֪֮۷ˡԾδ֮ȹò׸ 
  
պ 
νգ顷롶֮ͨ΢вͬ顷֮գΪܡʯסΡѰءʷͨΪסʷܡΡСɫ¡£Բգʾ֤֮ɲοɣԭ\ءܥǫ¡˼о飬ȲꡣҪ֮йʯܡסʷΡΪߣʾ֮Ҳǰͨڼ̺֮͡ڼ֮͡պ˱ȾԢɿ߷Ρ 
  
 
йԿΪϡɣԭڿտ֤꣬ˣǰ߲ۣƴп쿵޵䣨Ⱦߣʯ򽫿ӼܵᲦԢʱΪ϶ʱΪ̺֮ǫԪгֿƳƻ֮ҿӣס֮֡ϺԪʱƽֲ֮һңɣԭΪˡ 
  
񰴿Ƽ֮ڣ߲ѲһԼެ䣬Īпټ߲Ѳס֮ˣнĹ־ػż֤ڶκܡެйิ٣ެʮգмпһ䣻ǿգ˱ʷͻɺΪܣ䲿ѦӣڣΩɲɼɣԭ򿵹սʿ۳֮֮ڿ䡣νެʮУв֮ˣ޿Ҳڽ֪ƴ֮}ʯرʷݣԭȱͬͨˣκ֮ʣгĹ־ԨԴ򡣢۴˽ɣԭδ֪ҲԢ֮ˣãгɣԭϾٳߣȲΣԲڡ 
  
ռ֮ˣԢߡƴ˼࣬п˵಻٣Ĺ־пĥ٤ֵܣ˱Ҳĥ٤Уݴʷ£㣻壬ĥ٤Ծλ־ƣ 
  
ĥ٤ȷԴٴأ֮ϡ   
Ϊʱй֮Ҳĥ٤ڸԪ꣨Ԫ˶꣩£־νĥ٤"Ԫռްھ֮˽ڣλͬݺƽ֮ԭ"־"һٶɨͥս庲"֮˵ϵ¡ҫмƽͻйߡ"λͬ"ƣνްھ֮˽ڣָԣԢȿɼҲ 
  
Ϊĥ٤ֵ֮У־ν   
򣬱֮ï壬Ϊɡ   
һ֮ΪˣǴ¿šƽͻй"گλƵ㱱ų"νƵ۳帮֤ھףٶʸפڳĥ٤鴹ʮա־δ꣬볤ĪɾҲĥ٤Ӱƣӷȣ־ġ 
        
6ڣ Ԣ֮(5)         
ĥ٤ֵ֮ӪӺ»ɽ䳤͵ʷ»ɽտϣ࿵գй֮ܰհϡɣԭϾҦܡ»ɽ¼ν»ɽ֮ѪͳΪˡ³ެʮգмпһڴ֮ɣڳƣ 
  
䰢ɣտϣˡΪެʮ֣֮䶼Ⱦɺ֪ʹĬਿɺù٣֪䶼йңڱù֮Ҳԣ£꣨Ԫ꣩׳ʮһ¶ʮռзμް϶ʤҵ֮˽ڣʮ壨Ԫ--꣩ңĪضԿޡԻ֮ǿ죣ʮжǿսá֮߿ִ𡣡 
  
ν"֮߿"ǰ֮գ"ެ˶ԲգΪ"ǿպ˳ڿ³˱ּǿ֤԰ɹƺ󣬼»ɽ£Ϊ䶼ɼ֮ϵ»ɽвٿˣڰΪ䶼ԼϢҲضͻʷǿΪͻӡɾƣӣûҰӢʩӢձ¡ 
  
ְÿĦͽٶݡ֡   
³÷ʿҩ֮ϣ׳ʮˡʹϣңʮӡ»ԭע»³˶֮СҲ֮ˡ   
»ԭΪĦɮְ֮˵߶³»Ϊ죬֪³뿵н֡ƣ³Ħּ֮죣 
  
֮ڵ״ʦͷǿˣʡ徻ͬԤ¡θɮƣ   
ͷףտӹҲǾסγ¶ӱ   
ֳطʦԶغд飬ʦ۴Ϊԭӹة࣬ԿףУܱأڳͳࡣʦʮ꣨Ԫ꣩ز꣬Ӻݣɼڳ̺Ԫ꣨Ԫߡ꣩Ⱦ̫ԭ£ס縣£Ԫ꣨Ԫһ꣩Բ£ʮԪ--һ꣩һ֮й֮Ҳ׫Ͼǡǵ¶Ӻ˿»ɽڤ׷£˿»ɽǿˡ 
  
־ݿͥĹ־ͥ񴸮ɽԪʮ꣨Ԫġ꣩ڶʮ壨Ԫ--ġ꣩ͥ䣬ｫ񴸮ɽ½e⽫ͥһңۣƴ黯֮ˣ񴸮ɽ񴸮ɽݡ顤ٹ־֮٣ͥڶڵһΪԢԭΪӣĽ磬 
  
ʱСǢʫƪƣ   
뿵ȪͣƽլͷѰסʮ޻һ¡   
Ȫգֻ룬ľӳǢԭΪˡʫƾȪݰ֮죣ܺǢʫ걾עһۡڴгָпˣŪţ翵ȻͬΪԢԭֹ֮Ҳ 
        
7ڣ Ԣ֮(6)         
ϡƴй֮պˣͬΪ塣ݰϣֱ롷ϵκޣ顤ϵޣΪǻҲ˹ִ칦󽫾ӳʼʱ񣬴ϣܱͬΪд顷һʮ顷һʮˣլڳȸŽ޵·һҼǰ֮ϵɣԭ֮꣬Ȳ׸Ԫ꣨Ԫһ꣩˰߳ūΪɢɣɲν߳ūΪܹ֮֮ԲۣɣԭΪˣҲ֮аӼٲ潡ܴ󶼶ʧͬƽϽĹ־ʯرʷݣν 
  
ӣֹҲԴFӣ˷壬ïɭεݷʯԻأ   
ٲ㡣θӥ£𽫡Ĺ־ν   
ٲ°Ҳԭϵؼ갣֦ǿκ   
ٲӾҡ˶˵갰һ壬ڰȻɡ   
Ƴӳ֮ˣɣԭ⣬аһңڻΪͻ·йƷΪڶF۳ǧ볯ΪάݣԖFΪʷҼ󽫾ⶨ忤꣨Ԫ꣩븸£ʱʮˡ̫ڼ֮ߪΪɽؿУ̺ΪӡԵ¶꣨Ԫˡ꣩ʮڳӺݳТ硣ƽع˼o³ݴʷ˼ʵ߼Զ׫άݴʷ١ƣ 
  
丽ȳ԰ϢԹΪա   
Ϊͻ֮ˣνΪ԰Ϣ֮עʮһҳעڡ--Уע˵׫ѩ˼˳֮˼˳밲һһѪͳ֮ϵδ֪Ҳ 
  
ֳаĹ־Ƴʮһ¶ʮڳ֮Ȫ˽ڡ־ƣ   
ڣڣˣ԰Ϣӣںɡκܡ壬ھ壬ʽΪ»Ҳհºݸ㡣ڣԳʮһإռȪ֮˽ڣʮ䳼ȡԪڳ֮ԭҲ 
  
ǰһңΪԢ֮򰲹Ҳ   
ְƴv衷ƣ   
ɽΪvֱԹȳת棬ݺΪҴַ¡   
ݺˣƵΪ갰ϣڰ밲ӡӡٲͬһ塣ƣָ֮ԢԶʱ£ï꣨ԡʮ壩Ҳ 
  
 
κԴܹ֮һңΪԹֹҲһ㣬磺ţɮūɮūŮγ֮ǣ֮ٴΪңܹһҡƴȶգܱƲţ٣ƵƴָϮ֮ɣܱһң֮ᣬڳ̷иҲڲܱһңɣԭ꣬Ω֤𡶱ƲʫΪвƲ֮оƣ 
        
8ڣ Ԣ֮(7)         
׹ǰϥա   
˵Ħڡһν"Ħڱ"׸ʼ֮Ҳ֮Ϊˣ۰׾ʫƸΪšϡܸüʾʫƣ 
  
ⲻͬ䷬硣˭ܽصòܸ֣С   
ʫܸ֮ռָ¼ܸ֮١ƺ䷬ָ֮ԣԼԸΪˣƶСõлŮʦܹµŪסʫۣ֮Ůʦܹǲܸһң䲻︸ãһȺӡĩвܴŪţֹãܱͬΪһ壬δ֪ܰϡν֮˸Ůѧ²ܶƲƣνƲŵܱ֮Ҳ 
  
ֳۿ˲Ĺ־ԿԪʮһʮ°ھӵ˽ڡ־"̴ӹ壬ֹ黯ס꣨Ԫʮһ꣩ʮһإǨڽⷻԭҲ"ݴˣɲܹһ֮Ҳ 
  
ʯϡ֮ʯʯϣʯΪϡƳʯ˵ӽ֮θɮᴫƣ   
ᣬʯҲ游ӣ᪣Ϊӡ   
ΪˣʯϣʯԪʮ꣨Ԫ߾꣩ʮһʮڳɶ֮£ʮ塣Ӵƣ游᪣ƳĩӺݣȺĽ߳ڸݡ߳Ľڸ֮Ϊ˹̹ڶػԪдɳݵ־оڸ֮Ϊʯ꣬뿵޵ȵͬΪպˡ֮棬ʯ֮ʯˣȥ᪣Ϊˡ˷һ֧֮ʯˣԢߣ޿ɿ 
  
ͼóʯ翡Ĺ־һʯˡ־ƣ   
ʯϣ翡Т¡棨ʹ򣬼ļأΪҴҲңɢʿ˼㡣Ի壬˾꣬ƽϵȪ֮ΡܼԪʮ¶ʮȺ֮˽ڣʮһ 
  
ʯ翡һǷʯ֮󣬽޿ɿΨԢԼڳ֮ʯĹ־Ҫʯ翡һʯΪ֮Ҳ   
ɣԭʷةլҹڡʫ"ʯ˼"ة信ȸŽ·оլʯǾڳ֮һ֪֮Ҳ 
  
ļ֮ʯպˣǰԼԵȰ"״"ƣ   
Եʯȣǻ࣬뱾顣M˹רʹ󣬿вڻߣΪ룬Ǳھ˳گެ˲ߣ˵ݸû飬۱δ 
  
ͬ"ۻʯֱ״"ƣ   
ƣʯֱھǣ޾ϸҲϤԵͣ峯͢ãʹͼʯֱߣȥϾġʯֱһ΢죬廡ԽȵĦᡢֳû˹񣬿ֱֽ֮ͽĻԹ 
  
"ͻɺ"ν"ʯֱھǣ֪"ơʯֱΪһ죬ҾþӳʱѼ䲿вպˣʯ졢ʯֱǳ֮պԢӦڡ֮Ҳ 
        
9ڣ Ԣ֮(8)         
г̷ʯɽŪ--ŪŻ裬衣ʯɽϡϣԴʯҲ죣   
 
֮׹ǡ֮ءν׹йΪϡƴڡ֮׼ټ׺ͣһ׺ɣӣˣɣԭ̫֮ͳ̷׺̼ڡ鳣Ūţ֮ͨڹȲŲơ׺̼ڡ鳣׹ˣڳΪ֣׼١׺ͱͬҲ 
  
Уܡʷŷ̡ƴ̴볤׹ˡĹ־Ϊְ̽׹ˡĹ־ƹ׹׹Ĺ־־ƣ 
  
׹Ҳ   
Ϊ׹ˣ޸ɡ챦Ԫ꣨ԪĶ꣩ʮһڳس绯ʮ塣йʷ֮λƪ˵˻ϵԢ֮һ̳Ҳ 
  
ͥޡǬӡǳ¡νV¸ڳǺˣس֮׹ΨǬӡС˵ԣ֮ǷΪʷҲ 
  
 
ιˣйպϡǰ֮ˣɣԭָ֮γһҡھ꣨Ԫһ꣩Բڳ֮ɮ٤ʦպϣɣԭϾݡ̫ƽǡɮ٤ʦ¼ιйϵơ񰴡θɮɮ٤Ϊιˡƣ 
  
ɮ٤ߣ뱱ιҲպϣɮ᱾ӹˣΪɮҲȻк滪ιҶҶӹ   
ɮ٤ھ꣬ʮ"ڱʮ꣬ʮ"ɮ٤֮ڸ꣨Ԫ꣩Ҳ   
ְҦϪ""һƣ   
꣬д»»ࡣ绯£Ŵ£˹¡   
󡶳־绯£޲˹£ɺ»ΪУҦ۾꣨Ԫ꣩ޱ̶󡣢ٴ˵֤Խ֮Ĺ־֪䲻Ȼ»֮Ϊʵˣ˶ǿ֤ݡ˺»ιҲƪ˵Ȳ׸ 
  
ڳڱմ֪Ĺ־رһݣ""֮ˣΨԢ֮ؼᴦ㲻ǷԢ   
кĦڭĹ־־ƣ   
ĦڭȣȶҲӹ̫ƽ֮硣հΪeУξףͬΩԹӧģͽˮ֮ǰ־֮ϡԵ¶ʮܼ֮˽Ҳʮһ 
  
Ħڭһ֮Ǩ̫棺ɶǨڹ갣ɹ갸ģ︸֮ζΪˣ󲿷ֿҲĦڭẒ̌źν̲ɿɷǷҲ 
  
˹ˡʱ˹̺Ǩڹݡݡݡڣʱʱͼ˱ƪ"к"һڣڳԼⲨ˹̺Ψ˹ÿɿߴ֪¡ 
  
ʱԢ֮˹ˣԺƲ˹ɺSassanᱰ·˹Firuz˹Narsesˡ·˹ΪٹIsdigerdӡٹΪ𣬱»ޣеΪʳɱ·˹飬̺йȪ֮˹£·˹Դ˹ߡ˹־ͼָ¶֮δܹ꣨Ԫߡ꣩Ϊ֮˹ҲߣоԪ꣨Ԫһ֮꣩˹޺Ӿޡ޺ӣɣԭΪ̫ˣԭΪͽڴ˱ɲοɣԭģǷѡĩл䳹֊ನ˹ˣ־־ڴҵʮ꣨Ԫһ꣩ʮĹ־ʧȥǣ־ƣ 
        
10ڣ Ԣ֮(9)         
䳹֊ͻҲֶ֮У˹֮塣   
˸ǲ˹֮ͻߣ־ƶҲ   
ְԪʮ꣨Ԫ߶꣩ʮ꣨Ԫ꣩˹ɳŵ۳壬ƴ֮оȥߣǰξ֮ξʤҲ¶ǲߣ^żҶҲɳŵڿԪʱƣ^֮ݾӶǲҲ죣 
  
Ԫ»ҶǶߣԪ꣨Ԫߡ꣩񴸮ɽʮ겻Ǩߡپݡ顤ٹ־ͬƹֱ֪ʳ̼Էš޵ϵӣʮꣻԢ֪Ҳ 
  
챦أԪİ꣩ɹʧ֥شɮ٤۶ಢ٤۶Żެʧ֥Ͻ۽լأ̴ܹʮeιԻԱɽ۽£˲ɼͶ˹̹BaltistanΪߺWakhaneӰ˹̹TobaristanطɾŻެҲɣԭڴʱ֮ʳԽʿԣȻԺ֮٣񲻿ɿ 
  
̫۾꾰ɮޱ£Ϊй֮ʼڽж꣨Ԫ߰һ꣩"ؾй"˹ԺģģǴɮʮˡνعϵ°ޱߣ裨Roman 
Orient֮ˡݱģʥ֮ʣоɮ޺¼ң"𷽹"ˣ˵Ϊ֮ңGabrielԪвʹԽ֮˹ɮҡݱĩģ㳤KhumdanSaragؾ̣֮޺༴ΪAbraham֮ʩ˹"Զ֮ǣ"ݱĩģ˹ΪIzdbuzidһǼ»˹̹TahuristanطᣨBalkhǹʾɮ루Milis֮ӡ˱֮ɮAdamΪ𵩷Ԫ꣨Ԫ߰꣩۾߾"ʱΪкδԣʶģδͽ̡ƴ룬δ"ԲաԪ¶ͽĿ¼ƾΪ"²˹ɮ"򾰾ȷΪѪͳ֮ˡ̱ˣԢоˣΨ˵ǷɮΪˣйͽģ£Ѿ߿ӡ 
        
11ڣ к(1)         
 к   
Ժ½·棬ػһ֮ͨ·ͨȡš֮֡ΪͨҪأںĩԺй֮ļηѣȨϣ¾Ӫϣп̩Ӧ֮١Ժ󣬹ΪϽ֮ͨʱݴʷһǧ主ӡƴΪϽ֮ͨΨһҪءȪݡݡĩԼΣ̫֮ͤΪԪԺ֮¡ 
  
ƴ̺ڹݡݽ"š˹ȴ֪ҩ䱦ɽ䲰ɣʦӹʯƹס༫"١ԻƳݹݣ̡̫Լ˹̵̡ͽʮˡƴɹԭȡ÷ںݣʡ̫ƽǡż֮˹ˡݺ󣬻ؽȡ󽭣ȤϼѭǮת֮ա󽭵Զն»߶ȡǮһΩϷ羰ģ㹩;ʵϴΪƽҲպݣɴת˺Ը̺֮ิ٣񹦴ݣʳ˹̺߾ǧˡȻתƴ֮ݡݡݡ̺֮Ҳ 
  
챦Һ󣬻߳ǧˣ̺ðӾֱ֮˾պգ˵Ѽǰǰͨڼ͡ν˱"ֳ߲ᣬԹ֮"ڼ͡ν"֮ʱպð֮ӾӾʦֳݱΪ˽֮"νֳ߲ڼ֮͡"ȡ"Ǵ˱ٵһӪΪҲӵ˵ȴߡڳ꣨Ԫ˶꣩£佫֮ӼǮһһǧ᲻Ϊߣ챻ΪݱݡگެǮｻءگԻ 
  
ţ¹ӵܼʹ˰յȶоެͱǮãެͣףʱ񸧰ɱףҪĸԽԺӦɫ˳׼뷻⣬ެǮｻءίʷ̨׸м׽ԼࡣǰǷί֡ 
  
йʵƶȣԺʼʢ˱Ӫ֮йأδ֪Ҳ   
ƴ볤ӴԲһ磬ȻڳֺⷣƶСγʽǡ"ƽ"ƣ   
ԪʶŹ£ƣÿգתɮլիիϣ³һඤ硣ЯУʾ̺̺֮Ի"˰ôػˣΥۡ"ɮǧ˴ЦԻ"δҲ"֮ǧԻ"ֵһǧ"֮ɮԻ"˱Ҳ" 
  
ϡ֧ƣ   
ʱ˵ǽν֮Ҳꡭɮ̩ƣ"˧լйʧʮ¡ƶʱΪɳ֣ÿʦιլƶǮһǧмֺǽ" 
  
¼ǶӴ£ԼӴв˹ۡƣ   
ʱв˹ۡ   
ͬν   
࣬ек   
ϲ顷ƣ   
к˹飬¶Ψ˱֮   
мֺ˹ܱۡʶ鱦ڳ̺ǱΪ顣ءʷƣ   
ĦʾʦΪ֮¡䷨ʳˮ磬ҡĦһףйСת롣̺ңԴڻйҲ   
˶ĩ󣬽񰴡ͨڼ͡Ԫʮ"î˷ǲĦɮȹ"ʷעԻ   
ԪͳٳףʼĦĦʦ̼Ϊ顣ǲҲ   
ʷעԲʷ֮ѣбض̺ʻΪ飬ֳݱҲڳ֮УƳ֮ࡶƣ   
нǷ˼ΪߣòʱΪӺݳʷпǷʡ˾ξ֮Ի"ˣթαһкźñźñ뺺󣬲úֱ١׷к벻ʡ" 
  
䷺ָоӺԣȻмֺ۾ӣģȻӡ   
кȪаլ˹£д£ξլٷξپլλ᷻ξٸլƽξٰլ޵·լȺʯ翡լ绯լڽ֮Լ֮լڳΨ幧֮ʱȪú֮Ϸ"֮滭"һڣΪ˾۾֮д˺Ϸ֮꣬ƷżȻҲ 
        
12ڣ к(2)         
ƴԢ֮ˣ乣Լ˱þ䣬ֲ˼Ȣӣ󣬻Ǽɳ֮Ϊйӡ˶Ϊ֮ʢԼв֮Ůڣϧδף֤ΨʫӽƼҺƼҡʫƣ 
  
ǮǮɱʱۣƼҺ   
ǵʱֺΪҲ̾߼ȶˣÿ֮ӽ̾ͣױǡʫƣ   
Ϊ׺ƣױǡժˮϣڸ   
ţΪɣƪʲеⷣ硶ǰ׾Сƣ   
֮ͩաҷɱʼ졣ò绨Ц硣Ц磬£飡   
ױǡʫƣ   
ױǣ̵ϸ괺绨ʱӱֱͺ   
ƣ   
ͺǧúʫţ˫Զ峯پ˷ѩӾġ   
Կɼʫ֮Ҳʱ˱Ը̾Ϊ֮ิ١סʮͼϹɽ֮һƣ   
δΪ𣬳š֣ӿס   
żԳţձʯ֮Ϊ֮šԴʡƣ   
սͷÿ֪檹ߣ;Ϊߡȴȣױ¥Ǯ󣬷ǲܳ   
"սͷ"һָͷԣǳǶһ䵱֮ҲסС֮ƣ   
ٽжȴ硣仨̤κδЦС   
ڽ֮ͣͬʯ֮֮˵Ϊϵָ֮жԡ꣬У֮̾ΪҲ         
13ڣ к(3)         
 Ԫǰ󳤰֮   
ߺۺúʡ󡢺ѡ裻ǹݣԾΪ֮νк±Ҳ壬ΨƶϮǰ֮ɣһิ仪ģղԽ֮ΪһʵĶᣬ񣬸ڽ̣޲ڳ̫֮۲Ŵԣ̲΢֮ʢƴ̫ڼɡԪ챦֮ʣƽɫȮΪ֮ߣެʢӳ߶࣬ǳʢһʱֺΪ֮УΡʳҡ衢滭·ײ伫棬Լ֮߸ǲһݴҲ֮滭衢Լڽ̣·ֱרۣΨȡйڹҡΡʳˣڱԳ˵ 
  
йӡ̴ͨ붫Ժ󣬵ӡ֮Ӱ졣Դͬʯߵ֮ҹ죬ӡȰeAjantaɺ루Sanchi֮ڻȹۣ֪֮ڲǷ֮ʼơʢں֡Ǵƣ 
  
ʰų֪輫ɡʿٶԡʱˮȳ½֪ʯ齣Cգˮںˮмúѡ²żţйǼոʡνԻ"ԼҲ" 
  
֮ʣ£»ɽլʷһʱξεլָڳΣΪݳޡ˾ᣬղܱ飬֡լͤƣ 
  
Ժǵլռӳ챦Уʷعٲ¼̫ƽլղܱ顣լͤӣϷעĴ֮б侮֪ۣǡ 
  
顷д顷һ壬顷һʮģ顤ֹƣ   
ʢ֮ڣȣˮǱϱܣĪ֪֮ΩȪܷ٣磬ˡ   
"ˮں"ͤิ"ϷעĴ֮"롶ִϣ·ַ졣Ǭ¡ʱԲ԰ˮľɪ"̩ˮУתȣɪɪ˿ңţֹ"νͤӣ򼴺ˮľɪ֮ 
  
֮йΪʱţά֮꣺ĹھߴѥȹFԺ󣬸խС˸սɳսΪսʲòȻҲƴνֵ֮ơ弯䣬˺߲٣ƪࡶν"źñźñ"˿Ϊ۳кñ֤֮ʮ꣨Ԫ̫꣩ӳǬıΪˣǭݡ顤Ǭν䣺 
  
ʹūʮϰѧˣ׵ټΪ£ѰH@ͨҹֺͻԼѡò߱ñ跢˽һ䣬ձᣬͷΪϵ®Ծӣʹ룬嵶ࢡǬɺʹںſޣ汼֮Ի"ʹ£ﵽǣȻⷢί˼Ħһ裬˲а" 
  
ԴΪƳެ֤֮Ȼ񲻸ҶԡΨͻƽ岩飬ǧӳǬ֮ͻԡͻʷԼϵмԢ֮˱ۣΪν"ϰѧ""׵"ƣָЧױζԣʷΪͻҲ 
  
̷ǡƣ   
ŮƣԼΪֵܣÿʮˣٲ°˾űжƸ֮ߣԸ˳ƺƸߣּΪ¸ܼΪɩҲɼƸһŮֵܶ౼ѧͻʷֵó举Ҳ֪಻ʣ𼴲ͨ 
  
˽ʱͻʢͻ֮࣬䣬ϰӰҲ   
弰Ƴ顣Ժ󣬽ñԪúñ֮ϰɷ硣顤߷־֮ƣ   
¡֮ʱƣ飬䷢ģȫϱΣ;·֮֮ôơ֮󣬽ñȹΪǳ¶Ѱ뷽ϣϢָɡ̺Ի"ٹټҿڣԤʿ·֮䣬ȫϱΣñ飬˳ӣЧɷףΪʣʧݡϡԽѺʹȻ"֮ñУ齥Ϣڼλڣ˽ˣ޸֮ơԪӼݹ߽źñױ¶棬޸ϱΡʿ֮Чñ֮ƣá¶ٳ۳ңɷ·ѥ˹һӡԪ̫к;ʳʿŮԾºзɺ֮ңںԶӡ 
  
Ҧν   
챦ʿºΪҡ·֮ƶȣխСʶԹ֪֮ӡ   
ֺ֮УΪʢԪʫ"ԴӺ̳ë塣ŮΪѧױ"֮̾飬Ϊ"֮ȫϱΣղΪ֮"ڡ֮顤 
        
14ڣ к(4)         
ƤΪñԲ粧顣   
顤¹Ȼ봫   
ͨȹñ顣   
¹Ȼͬȹñ顣ν󷽽Լ֮ʱԴ壬Աȫ߻ӣ鲻á   
ϱȫñֻȹ£Ϊǳ¶   
ñ¹Ȼ֮ȹñ»֮ȹñԭΪ֮˼ۡν   
ñ֮ϯñܻش   
ԭʼƣ   
ñȹʿɴȫ׺ñձ֮ǰϷ糾ΪԶ֮Ǳڴˡ   
ƣ   
ϯñ֮ΧñҲŮ֮ͨΤΪܴ֮˿֮ʩ䣬ɷȥΡ   
¹Ȼ롢»֮ȹñνȹñ֮Ҳǰ֮ñȹԺ󣬽жߵΪñ³Ϊȹ֮һ֡ƴٸһŮٸñسƴŮٸñͼʲοοƪһͼڶͼձԭƴ֮Ρͼһ֮ͼͼһ֮һͼΪñ֮Ůٸͼһͼ֮пɼƺۼ"ܴ˿֮"ǴˣΨǰһ뽫沿¶Χϱζ 
  
ñڳʱд֮ߣǰࡶΪ֤˴鶥֯ެñ֦ñοƪ"֮"һڣƴٸ࣬νñڴ˿Կšһֺˣñνñࣨοƪڶͼ5 
  
ƴΪװߡˡʡƣ   
չټҳˡװƫС   
ƴ֮Ǩÿιϵתơװ֮ڳڰʷҺɽʿ֮ʱױʢԪʱҲ   
»ССFͷȹñ˹ɷƤñͷ¹֮нԵ֯ɣ˷ñٳȹññ"ͷ¹֮"¹տ¿ˣLe 
Coqڸ߲ڻ֮ơ򼴼ñҲƴʢг֪֮ƣΨʷڡʫ"ϸ˫С"֮䣬ˡڶʫ"ʰΪ"ӡݹ֦ʫ""˫խС֮ǣҦƽխС֮Ժϡ֤ԽƴŮٸ滭νխСȿȻοƪһڶͼӷ벨˹Ϊƴʢ֮в֮ɷҲٸ۽ѥ಻١ƴѥǺΪ֮ձԺƤѥơ 
  
׾סʱױƣ   
ʱױʱױԳдķʱԶʩ޷ۡڸע࣬˫üֵ͡ڰʧ̬ױɾƺ䡣Բ޶б첻״Ԫױȡٶǻ磡 
  
顤־ν   
ԪĩΪԲ׵٣ΣʩۣΩڸע״Ʊߡĩᷢޱ棬״׵٣ʱν֮׼١   
ެ磬ڶػͱڻೣ֮ٴʱױྭڳҲοƪͼ   
ԪԺ󣬹ͣʳνʳ֮ڻ֮ƣ         
15ڣ к(5)         
ͱǺʳйЧ֮΢иı䣬Խд֣Ԫ壬δ֪ǡʳ߼ձɵǡ   
κʳйƶתʢԪذʷ֮ңңֻ;·͹޿ɹԺ伢ͨڼ͡ƣ   
Уδʳкס   
ʡעԻ   
֮ԻԺ֮Ҳ޺衶ǰ¼ʯĺԻӼǡԻ߲֮νԻ¯ΪࢣԻҲ 
  
ǺԻ¯вڡ¼ƣ   
÷ʿᡣʿҾʳһ¯£ϸζ֮ϻͬʣʿ̾Ի"帣Ҳ"   
ƴʢд˱ձɮԲƣڳ֮Ի   
գͺࡣʱк׼ҽȻ   
ֺϵʳ򼴽ձ֮ͨձƴ֮ձ֮ձ֮ͬڲź顣Ҫձƣ   
һаһϣ֭ΰ죬֮浱   
ƴձƵԶҲ   
Դ˳۳νΪͼܴԼҪ֮ҲҪƣ   
ˮн̱ϣˮʡ֬ʮȻͣᡣɼŲ룬֮֬˳֮һףһ࣬Ե࣬ɰͣ಻ᡣʼȴߣйӲáʢʪǿڣѣ㣬 
  
ͼձ֮   
Ͼ¼֮ƣ   
ߣެбϡϺʳζִʳҲ   
ΪбϹBikand˳óס۹νߣԱϹȵأΪƣ   
ϡʳҲС˵ӣʳ֮ӣҡ˺Ϊ˶Ϊĥĥ   
Ӽǡνһݡ֮Խ˵ȷǲĥĥϹǽǡӡȡ½ȴ˹ʢ֮ץץӡPilaupilowpilfӢH.YuleA.C.BurnellHobson-JobsonPP.710-711꣬벨ĥĥȻ¡ǴȻΪҲƴ֮ר۴֮޵꣬һڶУһڳγʽޡƴԽƣΨ⣬ԽϽ֮ޣ֪ͬΪҲ 
  
ɲ֪Ǻ   
һڳСƳи߲֮Ѿƣв˹֮սƣԼڲ˹ΪʱмǶһк֮̾˳Сƣв֮ǲҲ߲Ѿ̫ƽ߲ʼйḮԪ꡷ʹƣ 
  
ϲʵԷ֮Ʒ棬Ƴɷаɫңζ羰ȰȺʦʼʶζ   
𡢹֮Ѿƣκй֪֮Ψ򷨷֮ƣҪʼ̫ڶ   
ؼǵʱƣ   
С֮ǻϺɹ塢塣ս࣬Ʒ˹ߣνĦաաڭա   
Ħmalaka˹amolavibhitaka˹balilaڭhartaki˹halilaܾݡ顤˹˹ڭասԴ֮ƶڭйϲ֮ݴ£ڭν 
        
16ڣ к(6)         
ڭ꣬档   
ݷдˮڭӣڭǮƣ   
ڭ֮ɽڭй··ǰʮ꣬Сζɬ½·ÿֻߡɮԺйžպˮˮζ̡ɮڭʱռӱ͡ڭţʲһ磬ƣˮ֮ɫ²裬ζ飬֮ʳԱҲ̳̳ܽаʦ׿ҲĸԹܼζʿͶ֮ 
  
£־£½··Ҳվ֮ڭվƣ𷨻巨Ƿڭ޿ɿ   
߲֮ѾƼ˹֮սڳϡ˳ʱƣд츮˼޴ӵöҲƣ   

˳ʱʿ빬ƣ紿ᣬ֮ˬ˱߮ɽס   
߮ɽ뼴Alexandriaһ֮Ϊǰʱһңƾò棬εƴףǻϵС˵֮Զ   
س֮ž࣬һԺޡԼѻߣΪǰ˳ƴֹžΪѾ֮ںһ࣬ʼ֪Ϊƾѻͼ֮ƴʼʢƴʢ֮һСҲοƪͼ 
  
ƿԪǰ֮ڳ⣬ʽ֮ʣһΪʿƺá˵Сʮҹǰں̤ǡףƣ   
¥ǰ¶£̫ƽˡλǧޣ̤꣨زñ˵֮ļ   
۹Ϸ̨Ī루زñǣǧӰϣؿ   
šҰءʱһƣ   
ʮ塢ʮҹھʦָ߶ʮɣԽ粣Խȼյƣ֮绨Ůǧ粣ҷ壬ҫ䣬ʩۡһڣһǮװһŮٹᡣ򳤰Ůǧˣ·ǣڵ̤ҹ֮δʼ֮ 
  
˵ʫɼӽˡ֣֮˵ʫ֮ҲԪԺԪϦɹʵй֮ɷ֣޴ӵ֪Ҫ֮Ϊʱ֮ϣ»ɾ  
       
17ڣ ֮(1)         
 ֮   
йԾκ֮ң̡Ϊ棬ֻ׺ʰػ֮ߣิɢ׹Тν"֣֣֮֮"ǿɼҲĪͨǲòٽ֮ߵʼ֮ߵһԻeԻʶԻɳʶԻɳģԻɳԻģԻٹԴǳӡȣ֮Ӱ죬΢иסԺ֣֮洦ɼߵ֮ۼйʷϹӦעҲ 
  
κԺ󣬲Ψйֲʧɢȱһڻ滭棬ĪȻйۣ֮лմʼпԡȻԪͣӡVatsyayanaഴSadangaor"Six 
Limbs of Indian 
Painting"л֮۴²⣬˵лгϮ֮ڴ˵֮òۣҪ֮κԺйӡ֮Ӱ죬ΪȻԶǡǰҴ֮ӡȳɷԼʮɮһ£͹ǳΪ֮ǿɼӡ 
  
κƽȣù֣ͻʻʺЯ֮ˡŲʢй֣֮˷֮򣬸ǲƶؼһҡͨСԡԵȣɵʱңпߣ֮νӡڻвٴɮ׾㡢ɮĦᡢɮ٤ӣо棬νƷ¼¼ȷӡסĦᡣϣͼٶΪԭȷӡӼסĦơ˵һŶ꡶ͨһһҳNotes 
sur quelque artistes des six dynasties et des 
T"angξ١Ħ׾ˣิ֮滭֮»Ϊ֮ƣڼʢ֮ƴȥ߼޿ԣ滭Ϊ֮Ī֮֮ԨԴڴһ֮оǱƪΨһ֮ڳߣΣΪƴϵ̸֮ѡ 
  
ƳԢ֮򻭼пeƻݣǧ״ɣԭνeϵˣԣ˵Ҳ˱򻭼ߵξɮɮǣ˳ƴξ٣Զ֮˾ϵٹӣ˵Ѽϡɮƻ˵Ϊ"ߣ½Ϊ"ν"òл"Ʒ仭ڽ٣ν˷ɲΪɮʣδܶҲɮؼ֮ڰ͹һɡ쾰ɮƣ 
  
ɮȶǰ£ְ͹мǧ۴󱯣֮״ɡֹ̨߱滭ħǧ̬״ʵҲﻨ֮񣬷л֮ǡǰƣξ٣֮Ҳֻ֮δξٻл֮δš֮죬仭ʾƷҲ 
  
ñϴãξٻγʽƣ   
ñϴãѴʵҴáξٻ洦ıڻƤ׹ǽ⼫ֱħŮڡַԲĿɽڷǰϹűꡣɮެ档Ȼڣڱ֮Ȼ 
  
ν"""֮Ȼ"仭ٲȻ֮Ҳƣ   
ξɮˣѡɫţأָ   
ɮͬʱڳ̳֮ﻭܰ͹Ӱ졣¬ӡͥ⡢֮ӻƣ   
ӻԵȡӰ˳Լбƽֱ˳Ȼ֮ĩ   
⻭ƣ   
հӻ־ʮˣһ־ʶˡ㲻īǳγɣԪһ֮񻭡бӻݻ㷽Բ͹װɫ¡հһͬ 
  
Ϊףƣ   
ӱʷΪٴʥбӻݻа棬Բƽֱ֣ͣĪ⡣丵ڽīУʩ΢ȾȻءν֮硣 
  
˳⻭֮"ǳγ""丵ڽīУʩ΢ȾȻ"Խػ߲͡Լڻ֮Ȼ⣬ʩɫ΢ǳ͹ʩɫǳ֮ʽǸ·ȻӡƴԺСξټִⷣ͹֮زҲ 
        
18ڣ ֮(2)         
˵߻ν͹ɴйﻭ΢Ӱ죬ɽˮԹǷΪɡʵй֮ɽˮิһ֡Զۻɽˮʯƣ   
κԽ˼ߣԼ֮ӡ仭ɽˮȺ֮ϬΣˮݷ˴ɽʽԸʯӳأֲ֮״۲ָ֮רױҲѧչ⹬ۣ״ʯڵ͸ˮУˢҶ׾ʤɫ츶ױ£ڷ»Թʯ̲áдòɽˮɽˮ֮ʼ⣬ڶ飩ʯ֮״ΤͨŭbҲ 
  
ǰ񲻿ɶΨɽɵͼ֮ɽˮʯԼػ֮ǴΪһƽдɽˮ߲͹֮"ʯ̲"һƷĿҲ 
  
ƴξɮ͹֮統ءְ͹ɻԨԴӡȣƴܴ֮Ӱ죬һת֡ξɮƵϾһ֤滭а͹֮ζ֮Ҳ 
  
֮ɣоŲ֣̫ƽֲ߲Ϊʮνʮߣ֡֡áȡա߲ҲʮиΪΪҪתʢԪ𡡶ʫעʱ̫ѡʶʶʼֲνǰ֣֮˥֪ӣ 
  
ƴΨŲƣݡ顤־Ƴֹּˣޱסָ֮ţˣżΪͻʻʺЯ֮ᣬ󸴳ơƸ֮ĺֵ쾵ۣ԰߳ū֮Ժ˾λƴָ湤֮ҡ׹׼٣Ӻɡ׺̼ڡ鳣ָ¼顷ŪżơδΪ׹ˣ֮ͨ"Ȳ"һ㻪ࣻǰΪ֮׹ˣ׼һɹϵ϶⣬ܱһңΪԴԶܱƲţƲӸپڵʱһλƴܱ˻ᡣвܴ¡أܱһδ֪ڳָһʼգν֮Ҳӡпˣа߳ūơ£Լڿ 
  
ƴʿ֮Ͼ󶼼裬羰εС׼١ʫһңӽȶࣺɽСܸüʾõлŮʦܹµŪסСƲšѦСܸյáԪ𡡶ø衷漰ƲšԿɼ˱˶´֮㵹֮̾ţɽʿزܸ֮ԽҲ 
  
Ԫ챦֮ʣʢԪ𡡶ƣ   
ԴӺ̳ë塣ŮΪѧױ֡ʾݺճױʮײ   
Сƣ   
ͷɽǽǣҼѧһ̣֡   
ױѼϣȲ׸֮ʢڳ۴˶ʫɼ"ݺ"Ϊ̷ǡƣ   
ɣŷҶԵӦڡݺֹд֮ΪݺΪ         
19ڣ ֮(3)         
ݺƣ   
δ̫Ȱһ֦÷ѳݺ   
ǡݺΪΪˣдݺвֳ֮ɷڣ΢֮ʫ֮ں֣ڡݺ裬οƪͼϣ""ʱֹ̫óƻҪ 
  
áʤū㱭̫֡֮ĩ伿ʢ   
Ϊ֣ʼֵϰΪáܸͬʱūã£˶ָͬΪһңϵ֮ˡ롶ݺͬɱ𣬹΢֮ʫƶҲ 
  
ƴг֮ԹȲΪʢֲԺκΪأκһҼܹˣΪأԻĺ֮忪Уȡȡʢ֡ƶ̫֮֡ƽ֡֡֡Ԫ֡ʥ֡ʥ֣״ģԹ֡֡֡֡Сֽù֡͢ù֣Ѽɹิ֮Ԫ𡡶ʡƣ 
  
Ѳ顶ݡɫɫȺ   
ʷǳƴ֮քָ¼ӣ£νքʦΪˣƣ   
Ի"Դݡ"գԻ"Ȼ֣й֮º"քԻ"ĳ಻֪ʦʵҲ" 
  
΢֮ǵָѶԡΪڹַ漫Ϊ֮һ֤Ҳγʽƣ   
ڳŲлӺģ˹Ҳ֪֮ϲԻ"ֵֶܵ"   
ϢQūƻɹġ֮ӺģΪɹģɹ׶׿ɹ¼̫"Үɫ"ڹȣݡݺݺϲɹģέZΛW֮ʳз硣ȡ߲աɹģ͡ɹ¼֮ƴʢڳ֮ɹģԨԴʵڹҲ 
  
vʢڳڳ֮ξ࣬ڳַУԼ۷ūūڸ߰дһղֹƽд֮Žߵаӡÿ֮֮ߵϵӡɳ֮һϵͳ֮֡乬йֿȸΪϲö 
  
֣֮費롣ƴָʢ֮裬ΰڼꡣָ¼蹤ƣ   
֮ҲдС֣羪裬ࡣ̬Ҳ׺Ҳ߲֮ʤǡн衢衢衢衢衣С󡷡֦ڡСݡպ㡷ϡԲݡȡ 
  
衢衢裬ϴעȲ׸衢֮ȡ壬֪ݡ̷ǡָʫΪɡ֦⯡֡μݡĦ֧Ϊޡز֡ݺϯҹ䡷жϡָ¼΢졣нȷ֪򡢺ζߣСڡ֦֣Ԫ챦Ժʢڳ鼰йҲ 
        
20ڣ ֮(4)         
ʫֺ߲١ں裬ʷ˶ʫɾݡʷةլҹڡʫƣ   
ʯ˼٣ǰ֯ެñ鶥⣬ϸ˫Сյ˺˼·Զת챱Ūͷ׽ѥԽĿñͷ١̺ѩëỨº򡣾˿ܾľ޻¡ 
  
ة信լڳ˵ƪ"Ԣ֮"һڡˡڶʫƣ   
ݶ׶ͩǰѳһߴǰʰΪ衣ῴ´˳롣üĿ̤ձ캹ñƫȴ˫ѥǰмӦڣֲȴ¡˿ͩһգػǳͷڶ·֪֪ 
  
ʫĩ䣬Լָ¤Ϊެݶԡʫ֮Լʯ߶ʯˣʫ"׶"֮ڶΪӡŷ֮˿֪Ҳ˱ʴñխñ׺飬Աʱ˸⣬ñͷ裬קǰϾϻ֮֮һ´ԼʹʱƮˡƴխΪһֲ˹֮Ůխʱ"ʰ"ʫ"ǰʰΪ"Լϵָ֮ȣԶԺ´ʣȻ衣γԺӿں֮ɼں֮׵Ҳݲ֪ʫԣʶΪᣬȡԲΣ"м""ת"ơ֮ڻָ"ֲ"繭Σ̺ϣ죣֮кãգ˿ͩ࣬һӡ 
  
ͬʯ֦衣ʯ֦ɡѦܡ֦ʡ֮ƣ   
ɣڵظءɫϣ˷Į䡣εǧ쪷ʦ   
ӽָ챦ظ֥ʯһ۶ԡ֦ʯƶҲԿ֦˷Ρ֮ΡԷƣ   
С̵֦С֦ΪöŮͯñññ֣ʩ壬\תҲڶвأռʵռʵ֣Ҳ 
  
Dƣ   
֦ͯɫ޿ۣñ˵С̵֦С֦ǵС֦öͯ裬ñʩ壬\תʼΪͯУռʵ֮ҲȻƲͬʱҮʱǺ֦ĪҲ 
  
֦ɫñʫ֮ۺ֦ʫ""ԱϯϹ֦ʫ"˿ϴ"֦֡ʫݣ"ٵ֦ñѥ̤ʱ"׾ס֦ʡޣ"ñ׺խá"֦֡ˡʫߣ"Ҷ֦軨أñתѩء"խͬóźѥ"ñ"༴ʷʫ֮"֯ެñ鶥"˾Ҳʫ֦֮ԼԹΪڣΪ䣬ʰ׾ס֦ˡʫƣ 
  
ƽһϽۿĴߡ   
ۺ֦ʫ   
ͣչߣɶ   
֦ʫƣ         
21ڣ ֮(5)         
Ĵ߲͸㻨   
Կɼ֦ԹΪ֮š֦գ̻£֦֮踳ƣ   
ؽ֮£ٹո̻   
Ѧܡ֦ʡ֮"ƴҡҷѼ"ָҲ֦Ŀ飬ڲ֦ͬƣ   
ȥעˡ   
֦֮踳ƣ   
˼֮⣬עⲨڶ   
¬ءϹ˫֦踳ƣ   
죬ʦܼ֮ˣ̼֮Ԁ   
Լָ֮ͱ_Ҳ֦ñʩ壬ʱ\תʱڶУΪڡδУ³Է⣬Ҽأ顷ϮԷ֮ģʶιʡ֦֮ͬD顷֮ƴ֦Լһ˵˶֮𣻶˶Ի˫֦ԱϯϹ֦ʫԱ˫֦ˡʫ"С˫"֮䡣¬ظǹ˫֦裬Էݡ֦"Ҳ"˫˶Ӧ˫֦裬֮ʢйڵ衣δ֦ΪָʮС֮һڶ衣ʷơ¼֦֮跲ˣлģں´ʣ贵ǲӣ죬ƴ֦֮֮Ҳδ֦֮裬֦Сȸƪĩʲ 
  
裬ձʯ֮ССһģ֤꣬²ӡ֤ΨŶѡԿڿԪ챦ʱ򿵡סʷ׺Ůӣ֮йʼ˹ʱô裬̫桢»ɽΪ֮ں裬࣬ݣڡ֦֮ڹ׾סָСŮۣעν챦ĩӹ֮ƣ 
  
ŮŮӦңӦġҹһ˫٣ѩƮƮת裬ת֪ƣǧʱ˼޿ɱȣֻ١   
Ԫ𡡶Ůƣ   
챦ĩңŮ֮ܺĪ֪ܴ֮˪Ǽʹ̻šǣ硣Ǳ˸ط赱˭ʼֱܷ档 
  
ʫ޺ת֮װδּڷʱϰڼҲνӣʯָȲ׸ΰƣ   
й¹衢裬һСԲ裻ݺ̤ղϣҲ   
顤־ν"ϣת"ֺ跨ҽԲءżǡϷǷΪ裬޿ɿ   
֮ݡպ㡷Բز֡йؼѲɿձп֪һԲͼοƪͼ£ۡպ㡷νԭãйߢܡݺձһ쳤֡ΪҼԽʮ֮һһ̤һ򣩶ʮģʼŮʮˡν򼴺֮дҲݣձ಻ 
  
֮һ桷桷ʼԱ۵ΰƣ   
ڱ롣òżԶԵСʦܭ£¹׳֮ΪЧָ֮ݡν֮         
22ڣ ֮(6)         
νϷִޡձһһһģΪʮġһ˱װñӣִ䡶ߣڽձ˳Ϊϵӽ涽Sagara 
roi des Dragonsߣٲϣ޾ݡڽձƣ   
ȺסҲɶףʯࡣҵʿñ޻ءչû¡ִȥ¼¼   
ԳƺԴ죣ͼοƪͼ   
ƴָСͷһͷͷϵһ֡СݶͷʫܣӽҲΰڼǡͷƣ   
ͷ˸ΪˣɽѰ丸ʬɽаۣ˵Ϸ߱£䣬ɥ֮״Ҳ   
ͨ䡷ͷƣ   
򡣺Ϊɣɱ֮ΪҲ   
顤־ͬͷձºߣֳֶ˳ΪӡȡӡRig 
VedaŷӡAtharva 
VedaPeduPaidvaսȴ֮ݳٸչת֤ϣڣΨͷ߲֮һ˵ڸ֮۶ȡɡмνάΪ֮ζ߽Ǣڡڰͷͼοƪڰͼ 
  
ƴһú֮ϷϷʱ֮ĦڡһĪڡĪߣ˷顤ڼ͡ʹ£   
Ԫ꣨Ԫߡ꣩ʮһ¼¥úϷ   
꣨Ԫߡ꣩ʮϡ˾ȪúϷ   
Ϸ򿵹顤ƣ   
ʮһ¹򺮣ˮãʢΪϷ֡   
顤ḮԪ꡷ͬú֮Ϸʱ⣬ڸء꣨Ԫߡ꣩²ԴξԪ̩ʱԻ 
  
ȼΪѶӣԻĪڡ൱Ҳ롣սҲ侺ŮҲƻҪƶҲ໶ƻҪЧҲΪţҲ֮ƻҪ֣²֮ףƻҪ"֮ƣ֮ͥУԼд˺ãԼ̹Ҳ"ʮ֣ʫƣ"ķ"֣֮ʾƻҪķδ͡顷Ի"ıʱ"α壬·Ծɡ 
  
Ԫ̩裬ԪʮһǹúϷԡϲ˾ȪúϷʰźڡ˵ֹ˵ƣ 
  
úδŵʡ㣬ʢºιۣˮͶ࣬ʧ˹³šַǸԶ֮壬۳֮ԸۻԣذմϷ   
㣬ˮͶ࣬ˮʢΪϷ֮ν˵ϣԪԪ꣨Ԫһ꣩ʮ뷽ϡƣ   
뷣򺮣ެճףѭѾáʹ˷ᣬǷٳİ㻪硣˼Ǳףڴӡ顷ƺ溦棬˳ɣ㡣Ҫȡ񾭡ϰ֮ѵԽԺ󣨡ƻҪ"ެ"֣˽ϡ 
  
Ĺ֮ɼһϷƴʢԻʵ㸴ôˣԼԢ֮˲ϰЧ֮ƴдˣݡ顤˵ʼĩ꣬˵ƣ 
        
23ڣ ֮(7)         
ĩ꼾ΪúϷڳ¥Թ֮ެ볯Ϸ   
йڱʱ顤ۼͨ͡¼͡νʼԪ꣨Ԫˡ꣩νѭѾҲĪһּ롶Ȥ۶ྭһ٤Ͽƣ 
  
Īñף飬ϷŪĪڣิǡһһأһ˥ñϷŪ   
Īñƣ   
ĪڣֺҲOڡϷȣһȣд˹ѡ桢ͷ֮Ҳ棬񣬼״ˮմˣ׽ΪϷÿ³дϷͣഫƳԴ˷ɲʳ֮Ҳ 
  
ƣδѿ׽ˣߣԪ̩輰δ֮˵СĦڡʫĦڼĪڣ˵ֹ򺮺Ϸ䡶Ħڡʫ֮ͣĿʶ˵ʫ塢Ԫ̩λȹۣƴ򺮺Ϸѵ乣š˵ʫעƣ"úϷ衣"ĪΪϷʱ֮Ҳ˵ʫף¼ǰΣ 
  
Ħڱ롣ŵʶ棬顣֡   
װڣĸˣزñ˿ܼˮǽ꺮֡   
̨輱ͺȡˮ걭֡   
ʽˮɢͥǰΩԸʥ٣ȡꡣ֡   
νĪ֮򺮺ϷԭӡԼȣй֮ϷɹȴҲΪ߶ˣףָΪԶ"װ"Ԫ̩֮ν򺮣˵ʫ"ĸ""輱"֮ӦΪʤ֮ҲϷʱԼʢˮã˵ʫơͨʹϷƣ 
  
򺮱ެ֮֡дġСġáҡ󡢵ѡִʮһ£¶壬·ԾҲ   
¾򿵡ֲҲ   
ĪڡձĪߡΪģʮģʧ߱һַΣ棬ִͼɼд裬־Ħҷ֮֮νҲ־ĦΪ˫ͥѲ衷֡ͥ֡߳棬ñҡΪϷʱ߲Уʢˮƽã̤Ӧڣ֮״ңԿˮ֮ʵ䡣ڴؼдһ˵̨ѣ衣۴죬Լɾͼ޸֮ӡĪͼοƪھͼ 
  
һӲ˹֮ΪУԳΪʢڱƪСһУȲ׸ΪһϷвߡʱ֣ɹ¼̫С֡ԼΪϷʱ֮Ҳδ֮ŮӶӣʮΪֶӣʷ־֮ƣ 
  
ʮԻֶӣɫխ࣬ϵ˳ţػͷִȡ   
Σƺһֺּ¼ƣ   
˵Ի֮ʱ   
ձдˣΪʮ֮һʮһġˣһװϸӧţִȶ衣½ڻᣬʮˣװִŪ衣д衣ڳʢдϷֲ˹֮ˣֿ֪Ҳڴͼοƪʮͼ 
        
24ڣ С(1)         
 С   
PoloΪһϴ֮ϷԴڲ˹дʿ̹˹̹˹̹ԴйءӡءձдϷֵйҲνԱԭ۴˵δΪй֤֮徭֮ޣױ󣬸˫½֮Ϸ֮򲻿ɻΪһҲ֪޶ϷಢΨŻмǡһ飬мǡνκǹ 
  
в֣򳡡   
κǼFerghanaΪ֮ν򳡣ΪҲ˲й޶֮䲻ɼ˹Ϸԭ֮вкۡ˹ΪguiƴϷΪһϡ֮Ϊ""""벨˹gui֮һϣ˵Ϊκ֮ϷʵϷԲΪȻ֮ƴҲ 
  
йձ߾΢ͬй֮ԼԼԪϡλ¼ʷ־ʷ־־顣ʷ¹¼ʷ־֮˵ΣԼ֮ţ 
  
Ѷ򡣸ϰ־ȡȳߣ¡Ϊӣһ˫ð壬¿һΪţΪңܶþϣΪʤԻ˶ţŻԳΪʤ״Сȭľж֮ϰνҲ 
  
ƴ֮ƴµ˲⡣ֿ򸳡ƣ   
   
ڡƪν   
ǧأȵ߱򡣡»·ͷ   
ָȶ֮״ҲʤԻͷó򳪺áݡʷ־ϣ̷Ȳ֣ƴȻʡƣ   

һǰ˳ùȼʻع¥   
ɼƲҲйơΡԪ˥ʱֽΪϷʱڶԷڴϷ֮˥֮ҶȻ죬Ψ䲻֪򣬼͢޴˵䡣֪ιҲ 
  
йʼ̫ʱǰֻϣ̫ڣʼϰˡƣ   
̫ڳţν̳Ի"ެ˺Ϊ򣬱ϰһȹ֮¥Ⱥެ޼ެްˣΪ֮Դ˼ٶףѷٴԽ롣" 
  
Ƴڳ֤֮ͨΪνʼơƴ֮ԼֱӴ̴沨˹һʢд򣬶ȴϷƾԴʼ̫֮Ҳ 
  
ƴƴϷƳΪʱƴˣ֮ެݼʹƣ   
Уެǲʹӭǹ԰ͤӴ͹۴ެԳߣ뺺С֮ެʤʱԪΪߡ˵ެʮˡڶͻص缤ǰެʩ 
  
ԿԪ챦¥۴Ϊ¡޾̡ʴͼʫ   
ǧŰ翪ɳءϺӦ   
ͨν   
ϣڣѰĪܼλΪֵͬޡÿڲţ򣬻ڽͱ         
25ڣ С(2)         
Դ뱾ƪŲ"ֵܵ"֮Աȹۣ֪˼¼ɣɫȮ֮ɥ֮־ิ֪ˣżϢQΪ֮ʧΡ涷ޣײԺ󳤰֮ʢڳ֮ûҲ 
  
ڶڣ似̷֮ܡ֡ƣ   
ڻʸϽԾ֮⣬ӵΣȽýݡÿ־ȳƱԾ˾ڿУٶ۲ֹѸ硣̷ܡ   
ڴ˼ΪԸν״Ԫ֮ͨƣ   
Ϻ϶ƻ򡣳νʯҰԻ"ӦʿΪ״Ԫ"Ի"Ң˴ɣֱ²ⲵš"Цѡ   
ڶԴʤ֮һ¾ͬϷڡڴϷȴˣһϷ۱ۣԪ𩡢ʿʯ֮򹤵üΪ˱sʮˡƴȴϷҪԾΪӡ 
  
һ֮ٹˣิȴϷϰɷ硣ʱܴ򣬡ͨν   
ϺûǷСѵ򳡡   
լھڷ϶Դ۴ʫ"ɨƽ"֪򳡹ƽԱ裬ѵ֮ȡƽӡʱ֮˾ͽɣʱԴоܴլ緻򳡡ԴΪֳּլ̫ƽϾڣլеҲ 
  
򳡣Ǳͤ԰ͤӴެ۴ڴҲԺ׳֮ڱ꣬׳Ϊ򳡡ʮլɴƽ򳡡ƽɴ򣬲һҲٶԭΪ֮Ϸ߾Ϊ֮νָ֣߾ԡγʽһƴ֮ӱƣ 
  
гкӱģ乭ٽǮǧ࣬ԻȻ֮һһǮ𣬸ɣˡ   
֮ȷҲСƣ   
׷ᱡ飬β糡£¡Ѱȥƹ顣¥ҹЪʱϡ   
ɫȮ򣬴ԼΪƴ֮ʱֹΣʫƶ   
ƴ֮ϷΨٹˡԼ֮ѧʿ֮ߡƴʿڣڴȶ½ʿ磬ͣµƸ֮Ϊʢ٣濴۴αȡ˱һƴʿ֮ǿϷУɿһɡԡһƣ 
  
Ǭ꣬ȱµƸ֮ᣬʱͬϤ޺ΣΪ˽ϡűȼʢǿνͬԻ"ΪȺС˽ȥΣ"״ԪӦִ֮ȣԾҾ֮Ի"½ʿɺ"ϲţ˽ӡߵӣ֮Ī֪ڡѾڣaȥʱǧˣ֮Цöֹ 
  
ͨʮ£д˻ᣬȰգʹڷ֮ϡ½ʿ񷢺µƸ󼯻ãΨʼںʱ   
δ϶ɣÿձ¥ʰϷдСΪӣΪࡣ˱ѥС˳ﾫ죬̬ӯ˴Լ˵Ϊ˼䵫ͼơٶָŮӶдֶӣŮӡƴ˴ʡƣ 
        
26ڣ С(3)         
ǰ¥ʳ˲һݣлͷ   
ˡʡƣ   
Խ̹ѧ񰰳ᡣ֪ǹټϣ鳤Ӯһ   
ɼƴܴҲֵʱΪϷνߣʡƣ   
һǰ˳ùȼʻع¥   
̫󡶹ʡƣ   
ңǣ־βʩɣһɡ   
֪ƣ֮̽մֳ֮ϷȻҡҷˣȡǰ֮ԲߣʱؾׯϣݹΪӯ֧ǹͼ˵Ůٸһߣ̬ǴŮ΢󣬴Լν 
  
ΪΨƴвʡν"ʳ˲"Ҳ֮δ˥ʷ־¡ִӦ֮ߵ;һȻƴ¿ϡ֪ӢVݽϽڶʹŮ¿䰰ռãُs֮ʯ꣨Ԫ˶꣩۩֮¿ˡ顤ڼ͡ 
  
¼ӣ̷԰¿Ͻǵ֡Ϸ۱ߣһա   
δ¿Ⲣã˽Ա񣬷ǴҲڴͼοƪʮͼ         
27ڣ ڽ֮볤(1)         
 ڽ֮볤   
ΪҡΡʳ滭衢ˡ̡̡֮Ħ̣ƴȺʢڳ۴˸ԣ֮ν½֮ӡڽ֮й꣬Ϊ棬Ƚг֮Ρ 
  
ڽ̴йԻΪ磬ݳԫйڵڱκУԪһһ֮Ҳκ롢ܲӳ롣Ƴ֮ɣڻ̲й٣ݡͨ䡷ƷӴƷѫƷףƷʸƷʷ󡶳־עν 
  
٣Ժףְ   
Τ¼ǡνꡣΪƴ֮پ겼ΪʼҲ͡¼ǡ־أĴ磬Ȫ磬磬֮ڷ·С 
  
ƴ֮٣ʾݳġȰ̹֮顤ٹ־ƣ   
ӺΪӴƷ   
ݺٻΪƷ   
ԻSartpau֮Ϊ졣ձˡࡢɣԭ\ϸۣȿɲ׸ʱ֮٣顤ٹ־ƣ 
  
ެͳἪ׵ͳ͡¡˾ǵةоˣһˡɮةһˡ˾зʮˡ   
νν⣬˵ߴδע⡣±ƽӴԶˣڵ߱ΪȾӾؼ֮ˡǰֶشͬSartpauһɱ֮֮֮ͬΪϽ֮Ҳ 
  
ְĳԧ־իͻĹ־ɭüرƣ   
ͻ涣ֱرȶ̫࣬ԭҲĦڭرȶԼѫЧҸξ꣬ҿɳξͨءʮҵʮһ꣨Ԫһ꣩ҺʮռޣںϿسҵâɽ֮Դ嶫һ 
  
ͻ֮ĦڭΪϵͽɡִͻʮ֮丸֮Ϊڱ롢֮ʱӡͻɼ˹tarsһ֮롣Tarsھ̱""Գƾʿͬʱֿó̽ͽٹʵͻ涵Ϊһͽ־Ϊ塤־ʵ֤Ӻݶ⣬֮ɴ־Ҳ 
  
ǰԪдɳݡݵ־оe۳ƣ   
飬eߣ߲δǰe볯д̸ͨ࣬Էϵ䱾ִͷ½ת˵ٰ½˳ģ޲顣û֮󣬽ͶϢ٣ռƽɡ˾ţλ 
  
ػеϡڻν˵eɼeˣ˵ȻᶨΨͻһΪͽ̫ԭֶެ壬eȺ֮ϵ죣   
ҦϪۻƣ   
꣨Ԫһ꣩д»»ࡣ绯£Ŵ£˹¡   
Ҧϴ˵߶䲻ȷͼݳĹ־һ־Ŀʹɣ֤Ҧ֮ﲻܡĹ־飬δ֮ԭˮնԼԿɶƽͼݹݿ־ģ񲻱׸ת¼Σʲţ 
  
ƹ׹׹Ĺ־   
׹ҲĻң־ȡʯ𣨣£ľɣ־ţຣӶ磨챦Ԫ꣨ԪĶ꣩ʮһաس绯ʮ壬˽ڡʱҲ챦إڸԭҲޣӣȣɥݣࡣԻ 
  
׾ܣķ˹̣Ŵţҹ   
ά챦إա   
Ժˣ׹ˣΪ󡶳־һִ֤Ӵ־֪绯ʵҦﱾܣ󡶳־ǳȪĴ绯ʧǶ 
  
Ϊ֧֮й۾꣨Ԫ꣩عϵ°ޱAlopenʼگһɮʮһˡ̱ν"ʮԪݣٳǣ󾰸"ʱһˡԺй֪֮ʡ䣬ؾй̡ʼ֪д˹Ž̡ԴԺо֮飬ճɲձΪڵؿһģϲ֮ۡƪڳ̱֪ǰ֮ڣǷѣΨ۹Ρ 
  
ڡؾй̡ص㣬г˵T˵볤T֮˵֮ͬܽ˱ʱ⣬"忤""ÿ꼯ɮͽ"֮νͣ𵩷AdamڣKhumdan£chorep 
scopus˹Izdbuzid֣Mar JohnepiscopusShiangtsua¾ͨMar 
Sargisפں֮⣬ɻȻӡ   
ϸɽСʫС򡷼ע֤Tд£ʫ   
εv꣩گؼʮ뽡dTءȱ£̫ƽGGá첢ɽ¥ۡ¡̶ۡʮ˹飬ʫԼǷ߼ɡ 
        
28ڣ ڽ֮볤(2)         
ɽСʫעν   
գʮգγʥۣν¥Ҳϲլɽھ̨ڡŹ֮ͬ£ʳ𡣡   
ͬʮһδʫΪ   
ƽ¥ۡ忤ءΣգʫͬ   
۱TСʫֵʫоС忤ʫΪ忤ڱTΪ¼ءT忤д£"忤"֮""Ӧ"""ͬ"⣬ط忤¡ˣʱ֮¿ֻ֪г䡢忤Ĵ"ÿ꼯ɮͽ"֮ҲϴӶΪפ˹Ӧפ䣬ʱʷҺ˷ڶʹڳءͨפ忤֮£פһ뾰ͨͬMar 
Sargisפơ   
ڽȥ£еT֮¥һΣѰôżȻУΪ֮οڹ¥ԼһȻ̳Ϊ¡˻Ϊ¡Ϊ£¶йն¡ʫӽָ֮Ҳݾɼǣľɽ²Զƫһ壬ѯ֮ˣν弴忤ַνľɽº忤֮ҲСTԼǡƪĩ߿ԲģȲ׸ 
  
ڻ̡֮йΪĦ̡Ħ̴ڲ˹ĦᣨManiԪ꣨Ԫ꣩˹˷൮Fursta-danĦй൮"֪"Ԫ꣨Ԫһ꣩»֧ϱ׽˴Ľ^÷áʮ꣨Ԫ꣩ӽֹȻ򲻿ʱԢ֮˸ĦͽҲԺ󣬻ʢĦ̣ĦԴйĦ£˵Ϊʼڴ꣬Ϊƹ£ڳδ޿ɿ꣨Ԫ꣩Ħ½٣ŮĦ߼ʮˣ֮٣ڳ֮ʢɼӡĦй֮ΣгԫĦйټɳϣϡоʦͼݲضػĦ̲оģ֤Ϊ꾡 
        
29ڣ ֮         
 ֮   
йͨԺ֮⻥ӰйԺκԺ֮ӰΪм֮ನߡǰԪʱ筱֮йֺ·ƶȣʱ߲֮йʫ飬Ϊʫ̷׻ɥ뻪ĴͬҲƴ֮ѾͶĿԼ´šΨʱԢ֮Ľߣκйƶ뺺죻ƴʼйĽ磻˾Ӧֱ֮Ҳ 
  
ǰйкգԿԿΪϣ԰Ϊϣ֧֧ΪϣܹԲΪϣΪҲհף᣻ȰԴоͶ⣬޽⣻Ȼģºգ޿ҲԹΪգʢơξһԱκƴξپһ廪Ѿã屦һͨ飬ѪͳѲл֮ɷӡξɮξֵ֮ʼйԪ¶ͽĿ¼ξ֮Ϊ֣ɼ仪ǳԢкգ߼˱˱ʱʼйкգۼһʼ㻪ɳֲޣʱƣ飻㵱ѻΪ㡣FʱƣӸ˼o˼˼˳㻪ӡɼûҰӢʩӢԾ򣬲Ψ̾ɹᣬضѭϰԽɳFбҲ 
  
й־Ĺ֮֮ͨУĹ־֤йϰףͻ涡֮Ĺ־ҲʿĹ־δؾй̡Ϊй֮ƷΪ֤֮ݡΨĦ۱ʯĹ־δΪ 
  
ƣй֮ͨϣˡ"ƹʹ볯У۳嶼ξʷϲ̿Ĺ־"趣峯ɼУؿ˾£Ƴɢ̫ةԣӿξķα죬֮ͨһҲƴԢ֮ӦȢߣƪڶƻҪ۶꣨Ԫ꣩ʮ뷣ެʹȢúŮΪ֮ʱڳ»Ȣ檡챦Ժ󣬺¤ެù飬ȢլȡӲ飨ĵڶҳעܣʱͨʣΪҲ 
  
ƴԢ֮»Чߡƪࡶмкźñ֮ʱڳ߻»ȡ檣ʮ꣨Ԫ߾꣩¸گھʦ߸޵ЧˡٽԿ֤ƴ˻֮һҲ 
  
˱Ļ֮ˣξʤΪԣξʤѼƪڶڣԪ꡷֮ƣ   
ξʤҲھʦʢͤԴͣ߶֮Ԫܣǲʹ裬йճáʤùʤ񡣵ΪУ»ɳʷʤ̴ǣԻ"׾й£˽÷ھϰףǲ"顣ֵù˶֮ 
  
ʱ򣬾ȻӣǲۻԼй԰ַҲϵ򣬶Ȼξ֡ռ׹ʦˡξּϣվƪڶڡڿԪС˵ҵϾһޱᾭһʦ⾭һҪԪ¼ν䣺 
  
΢ڹʣĪųּԤ꣬Ƶ˿ԣ֤롣ʯȾӰϰͷСԪʯ롶ҵϾĲ棬Ȥ롶ʤᡷһ׼ҩףʱод룬֮ 
  
򣺢   
ڳܲأ⾿ӡ֧ڬѵҲ¡νɻԵʣǬϸҲá֡ͳࡷԡϡƪʷκϷ⣬Ƿǣ׫ɡ塷һپԪ꣬Ԫأþʣ䱾С֮䣬һ 
  
Ƕߵй֮Уеãһ"棬Ȥ"һ"֮䣬һ"ʳ˾ٽʿ֮ϡգȴҲ 
  
׹ʦˣڳ£Ѽƪڶڡ׻䷨أʮ꼴Сϡ潲١ѧٲʦ֮Ҳ̺Ԫ꣨Ԫߡ꣩Ⱦڳ̫֮ԭ¡֤ʥʵӵ롶ϡƣ 
  
֤ʥԪ£گڶͬʵ롶ϡ뾰Բ⡢Ӣ¹룬׺ģʦΪܡƷڼ롣ʥ꣨Ԫž꣩ʮ°ϡ 
  
ʮϡҲ˺ڣ徻֮䣬Ԫ꣨Ԫһ꣩ʮһʮԲڳ֮¡ڡϡע֮鷲ϡһ֮֮Ϊࡣ֮ɣΪйʷһΰˣϡվ㲻֮Զ֮ƣ 
  
ʷûɣʦ֮ѧȾʾҲݡ롢ҲסѵҲ   
ʦϡƣʲ仪֮ǣӡ         
30ڣ¼һ ֦С(1)         
¼һ ֦С   
ΰڡָ¼ǵʱ̷н衢衢衢衢֮𡣽󡢰̷ǡɣ֦ڣɾ衣ձʯ֮Сʷ֡ʮţνԿԺΪʯ裻˵ȷ޷ǷѡΨ֦֮ż飬νΪ裬δȷָΪ֦ͬʯ֪ΣΪƴϵ̸֮ 
  
֦裬νϵ裨ԪҪָʫʮ֦ʡСΪɳ˵ƣ   
һ˵Ի֦֦ҲֶΪ֦֮ƣ"֣֮Իᡣ֦Լ̬"Ȼ֮衣¹ɳҲ 
  
¼ͼ鼯ɡɵ䡷ʮ"貿"ν֦һǣذ϶Ϊ   
֦֮ذ֮Ϊ֦Ҳ   
εá֦εļ壩ʫƣ   
ިɵܯ   
ƺδԺι֦Ϊذ֮²֮ǣδΪ֦֮ʯж֤   
ʯκ顷࣬ǡʱŻмǡ֧顤򴫡ƣ   
ʯԻ֧ԻۡԻʱ𱱱Ҳ   
ͨῼͻʿмɣʯνࡢʱ֧֧ԼɣԲ˹Chajһ֦֮֮"֦"Ϊ֮У֧֮"֧"ΪУ֪ͬĸ֦֮֡Ϊ֧ԣ޿Ҳ 
  
ΣѦܡ֦ʡָʫʮ׾ӽ֦裬һڶӽ¡һƣ   
ͬӪʮķǼսѪݣϦ˲ʶװ   
˴ĩ֮£˵һȲ׸ΨͷǼһԣ֦ӽҲڶƣ   
ɣڵظءɫϣ˷Į䡣εǧ쪷ʦ   
ɣݡ顤йսʿҲΨͨῼͻʿƣ   
֮Ҳ䲿Ѧӣ򡣶ڡΨɲگʹи֮   
Ϊĩ룬¹Ȼ롢߲ԳͻʡίԶࡣνָ֮ˣɣʯҲ챦أ֥ʯƽ֮Թ顣ʮһأ֥˹ǣTalas˹ʯѦʫ֮""ָ֥۶ԡɡࡢʱ֧ۣΪһ֮룬أָˣΪ֮ʱŲ֮¶Ѧʫƣ 
  
ɹգ졣¥̨ۡڣС濾ꡣƴҡҷѼ硣   
ĩΪ֦ʱ̬֮ӽ֦򣬶֮ɣʯ֮ϵӿ֪ӡ   
֦֮Σʱ̬֮㲻Ψһ֮Ρ   
̴֦棬ָʮСӼ֦ӡʷ־ƣ   
֦ɫ޿ۣñϵ   
ۺ֦ʫȫʫڰ˺ᣩƣ         
31ڣ¼һ ֦С(2)         
   
֡ԱϯϹ֦ʫͬϣƣ   
˿ϴ   
֦֡ʫͬϣƣ   
ٵ֦ñѥ̤ʱ   
׾ס֦ʡȫʫߺᣩƣ   
ñ׺խá   
εá֦ƣ   
䵱ü   
ְϡ֦ˡʫϳ켯ʮƣ   
Ҷ֦軨أñתѩء   
ɼ֦蹤źɫխ䣬ѥͷ廨ñխǺñνñʷ־֮ʫΪעҲ 
  
׾ס֦ʫ"ñתѩ"֮ۺ֦ʫƣ   
Ľڣȴ̤Љݡ   
ñתƣԷ֮ꡣָʫʮ֦ʡСԷƣ   
̵֦֦ΪöŮͯñññ֣ʩ壬\תҲڶвأռʵռʵ֣Ҳ 
  
D顷һٰʮġ֦衷ƣ   
֦ͯɫ޿ۣñ˵С̵֦С֦ǵС֦öͯ裬ñʩ壬\תʼΪͯУռʵ֮ҲȻƲͬʱҮʱǺ֦ĪҲ 
  
֦ñϱʩ壬֮ʣģͣ˻س֮顣顷롶Է֦赱ƣԺֲͬӡ   
֦ԼԹΪڣΪȣʰϡ֦ˡʫƣ   
ƽһϽۿĴߡ   
ɼҲۺ֦ʫ   
ͣչߣɶ   
֦ʫȫʫᣩƣ   
Ĵ߲͸㻨   
Կɼ֦ԹΪ֮š֦ʫ"̴ڳ´"֮䣬ʱϵƴ֦ͨΪȻҲ   
֦գ̻£֦֮踳ļһƣ   
ؽ֮£ٹո̻   
Ѧܡ֦ʡ֮"ƴҡҷѼ"ָҲ   
֦Ŀ顣εá֦ƣ   
ȥעˡ   
֦֮踳ƣ   
˼֮⣬עⲨڶ   
¬ءϹ˫֦踳ͼ鼯ɡɵ䡷ʮˡ貿ƣ   
ӣʦܼ֮ˡ̼֮Ԁ   
Լָ֮ͱ_ԡ"ע"̷"ȥﲨһת"   
֦ԭһ˵裬˶֮𣻶˶Ի˫֦ԱϯϹ֦ʫԱ˫֦ˡʫ"С˫"֮䡣¬ظǹ˫֦裬Էݡ"Ҳ"˫˶Ӧ˫֦Ҳڿ֮ÿöʮˣʯΪ֦ߣԳӡ 
  
δ֦֮ųδ֪֮öδϤʷơ¼ʮ֦ʶδ֦֮ţ˸Ϊ֮Ҳ   
֦֧˵֮ϣΪ١¼֦ȳ¼£ĽĿ⡷¼֦вڣǿ顷  
       
32ڣ¼һ ֦С(3)         
֦衡   
˶һֱӹ   
ع⣬Ӧ򡣽ʯ˿ԽԵ϶룬֮ʷ뷭裬ɷ໶Ĵߣ֦ӡ   
˸дӰ볡֦巽   
ʼ䣬ñѡò֮ӢͯǺ֮֮裬Ʒй֮ˡ˵ǰԡ   
˻ĳ   
ָϰݡԺ꿪ࡣҳĩ裬δר򴦷֡   
     
裬β׳ʣ   
Ĵ   
ֺڣ   
   
һٲȻ   
Ĵ   
ǰ   
˺д̨һٴͷڳͷ   
˷ʥúϷҢ̫ƽʱβ֦   
˺д鴵ִ˺ִüתлڳ֦   
֦Ůסѧ֦衣ͷڣءװ׳ʸ衣   
ֳ   
ͷȴȥġߣҡҷ篣һ֦衣óûʢףЦָɽɾƽ¥·   
˺д֦ǲ   
ȳǷ֮裬ŷ̬֮Ǣϯݹɶٰݽǰཫó   
˺д֦   
֦ˡձϡ֧ǹŴ򿼡ʵһֳͣóΪָӡԼӼͶҲڻĲ֪νͣ¼֦⣬в衢̫衢衢輰裬֦Լͬڲ衢̫衢֦衢о֮ڲ衢̫衢֦裻Ϊ֮ӡĴԼӱ֮䣻ǲֶָ֮֮֮ȻҲ֮ǰʫһף뻨Ϊʴ֮ʣȻʽ裬"볡Ͷ"ΪơԺʫһ׻ǲӣֹͣձƴ֣ΪơΣοԴ󡶴ձʷ־δ֦֮裬Ҳ 
  
֦ƴ̷̴ָ֦֮УԪ֮ʣԺΨڴд֦֮ѡ˶Ժ˶˥Ͻ֮һʢ֮Ҳ 
  
ǡƪڡ廪ܿʮ߾ʮڣԼڱƪ֮ĩ         
33ڣ¼TԼ(1)         
¼TԼ   
ڡؾйص֮бTT˵ڣӹ׸ΨT֮£Ѱ乣Ρм߻΢ɡ 
  
Tλɽ֮ξһʮ¥ۣ¥̨ųʥ۵أʮ¶ʮգɭСֲͬУ˼ȥTһôż緢ţƫʮﶷ򣬶ʮؾʮԵ꣬Tʮд壬ʮޡγУԽİʯ̲ɽ£֣֮¥ۣΪԼʮ·İݺᣬǵľεïٲȻϷ 
  
Ⱦ¥ۣ۾ʿԺգ֪ΪˡԶ¥Сɽe£¢һ̽¢ңһȻɽ´šһдֹ 
  
ɡڵؿһģαT֮⣬һν忤ߣǷءǬ¡T־ںˮȣ¥ۺ󣬼ʿʺˮڣڵһΣռжѯ֪ˮ¥ʮΪ֮Ȼ¥۸ءȳ̽˵̨֮ʤת¢ŮȪСԽС£һ£ƲǰʯϢ㣬һ¹ʫϣϷԴ˼Ҳͬ˽ΪЦһͯԣѯͯԴǴ£ԣȸԾϲɺϡϸ죬ȷͳɭ෢Ǭ¡ʱɮĹˮȣ־ƴںˮ֮Ƿɿֲ¿죬ɮָ֮ʾü̷ʱϱ߽֤»ȷǰ֮£¼£ʿ֤ 
  
һͳ   
ͳ꣨Ԫһ꣩һڣڴ£ɼΪǽڣԼʩҲ¼Σ   
ľɽ   
ʡTɮ˾ط̫뷴ͳκξٹ𽨼ڹʦһкʦѱԴͨΪ޽ֳʢھ 
  
סɮ޾ʦȱǷӶѳɡ򻯵̫ͳ׷ȴڽҼ½b   
ͳڼʰձ   
𽳷͵   
ʵ   
̫ǧ̫ƽҵȷ   
T֪֣ةѱʷ   
Ǭ¡ʱɮĹ   
ٹڴڶϣΣ   
ʦϱTشط   
ľɽ¹סɮ֮Ĺ   
Ǭ¡ʮ꼪ڴ   
̷ʱ²б   
У½زȥ֪Σ   
ͤ   
ʦ亣Ĺ   
ƲԳϸϸܴȱʦΨпϸ޲ɱҲʯȱЦʦѵϴȱԴԻTش䷢ҲлҺβȱ˽νʦܺʲط䳤䲻ܣȱͽɸܵԹʺ⣨ȱ˾ýҵʮ˾ŶԻ·ĹڣȱŽҵ½˲ͶμȱĹƽαTɮȱ 
  
̷ڼȱ   
¼־ٵסΨ£˿Դ`ȻɡT־νмν¡꣨Ԫ꣩޾٣޴棻棬оɱơ֮Ϊǽ¡֮Үִ̱֮ɴʮഫдҮ¥TسʮУһ鴫˵֮Ȼ񣬴ֻٹ֮ӡ 
  
ն¡ʫƣ   
εƽe´ᡣɽѰԶٷȴԭ纣㡣   
ʫν   
·ϻڣ˹С̦ߣӳɽƶȣ̶񻹡سΣĴŪ塣   
ʫ㼰´Լʮ߼ⱦһ־ɱΪ⣬볤Լơνʣ֮ƣ˵޻֮ƣΪ¿Ҳ 
        
34ڣ¼TԼ(2)         
һй񣬾ϵܡǰԼԴһϣ֪ʱͨ·д꣬´ϺһܣϷɶɡ˷һԵڶľݣת۶ϣÿɵǡڶھйбƣȫȻ䣬ֻ̥Ȼ̬֮ľ֮˼ྴ֮СΪܣƣ൱ΪԪ֮ҲϧеƱƣ߲ѣΪУи棬ԭз֮಻档ڵ߲֮Ŷϼз֮ש¶ʮϣȡݣЯرƽʾɫڵȪʼ֪Ϊԣɮ˺֮ΪҲΨʱ಻שԭʯңʱʯұ֮ٵǰĿ̺оʯңɼ֮Կ̣Ϊʱʯܬ֮ǰҲƴ֮ţδ֪ 
  
ֱT־νˮд£֤ȥˮȿ֮Լʫע֪֮־֮¡ɽСʫעƣ   
γʥۣν¥ҲŹ֮ͬ£ʳ𡣡ۡʮˮȡ̶̶   
¥ԼˮʮʫϡںˮȣʫӦƶһ֤Ҳֺˮɽкһˮ붫´ʫһϡֻ±ɽ´ǰƽ﷭̣Űǰ¹֮ʫĿǰ˶֤Ҳ 
  
忤ǣݾ־ڱTʮ¥¥ۺ󣬷ν忤ߣ䴦ͳǬ¡ʱĹľɽֽ֮΢ƫƽһ壬ΧǽŶǽΪʯءԥһ졣νɴ˼忤ַʫ忤ˮȪ֮壬ϪӨ࣬ิΨʫ忤¥ۼ֮䣬΢죬Ȼ忤ΪһҮʱҴңϾϸ˼֮ຶ 
  
žȡ忤ʫϾݡءᡶ¥켯תžȴʫ֥顶ϾӦ"忤š""忤ׯ""пº""""""ȫ֥""""""Ԫv¶ʮ̫ƽž̫ƽʿԴ"֡˾Բ֮ȱҲ 
  
¥۸ɶ֮ż䡶ؾ̱ҼҼ֮衣Ϊпܡڴ£һ£ɹ֮οһշĳϴü³֮Ĺ־÷ֵˣ¹У伾Ҳӣһ䣬ϡ°ϼҳˣ򶴱ԭϣң֮丸ã־ٽ³Ĺ־ϡΨ㲻ҡҼ֮裬д֤֣֮˼ΪҲ 
  
ྩѧר֮һʮ³档         
35ڣһ          
2ƴ鿼   
һ    
˿飬ɢؼΪһʹߣδ֮ƪ֮Ҽƴ֮ģͶĿΪ֮űȣԿ棬šΣ弾󿼹ѧ̽ݹϯвƴţŹˡִƱߣΪ¼Ȼǰ֮޿ӡӡӡ֮·֮ףʶƴ֮ԨԴơ 
        
36ڣ ǰп֮         
 ǰп֮   
˱ʼǾνʼơ½ӷ¼P֮ۡ˵Ĳˡɽͻʿ桶»ʶࡷĩձ˵ﺲľ鿼йԨԴϮ½˵ϱī档һ˾귨˲Terrien 
de LacouperieйŴԴۡWest Origin of the Early Chinese 
Civilizationνɵ̺ʱгɶеӡ֮١Ϊ־顷˵߳ģرΪӡ飬Ϊ飬δݣ򲻾ְۡձдڡʷʮδѧڽƶȡνػͷ֮ľְ淢ԸƣȻͬʮд岻ۼΪ˹δ֮ԣӡ¼½뵺϶֮˵ں󣬼̱ܡ 
  
ף½ӷ¼ξ½ϼҿ½ԣٲɽ⼯ϣ   
ĵۿʮʮ°뷣žϤ׫ӡ֮ʼڷӡ   
ңﺲľ鿼ԨԴ   
½ӷ¼ƣ"忪ʮʮ°뷣žϤ档"ѳǡԻ"žϤ׫"дƵ׫žǿ֮νΪ½̴ɱƵ棬֡βءбӡְﲻڡ顷ʷ˹ҲʱеҲ 
  
ΪīǕP֪֮ϼѵԻ"鱾Ѩ"鱾֮Ϊԣ˶ī֮Ҳ֮Ʊˣʱ֪ӡ򱦵䡷ѵԻ"ֻϻˮԻԣ鱾"Ի鱾֤īҲǰī֤֮ 
  
½ĵ뷼ѳǡ"֮ʱϤ𷨣Ϥǲ֮һУԻٻ""ȷϣ޸ģɨϤ"ʷ"ݣٳ񻯣ǻټׯϣžϤ׫"½˾ݴΪӡ֮ʼԬ˵ν"׫˾Ҳǵ֮ʼҲ"ϲ죬Ϯ½֮󣬹в֮Ի"忪νʱе棬׫֮󡣵׫Ƕ£ƷžϤ棬ɵ"ٿνǡʮ󾭷ʽʮʮ˾׫Ԭν"׫˾Ҳ"ߣ֤Ҳ 
  
ְ½"žϤ׫"߸ǡعޡйԴ"Ϥ"־ݱ""Ϊ֮Ի"Ϊ½̴ɱƵ棬֡βءбӡ"½ȷɱʡƣ"ԡؾǧʮ˾ƿԪܽᾭ֮ĿԪ¾ԺΩ¾־ǧΡؾ롶ԪءͬؾԪɮԺ֣Ծɣ죣"ҲȻҿӷ¼"Ϥ׫"""ձˢؾԪУڴ׫ߣ֮˵ӡ 
  
־ݡϼѵ鱾֮ΪϵīԣνīPв֮Ի"ϼѵνе棬ֲȻϹ鱾Կ̱ԣʱ̱ѱӣʱ̲Ҳ鱾д鱾޲ͬд죬Ի鱾Ժӱ鱾ԣǶԿ̱ԡ֤ƪƽϱӱƽ鲻Աӱ飬֮Խӱԡ"Ҷ»˵Ϊ"ƱΪī֤֮𴫡Уһ˳ֱµ۴ͻ㡶ӡӡһνīʼνڱǰԮݣֹƱ֮ʣ½֮δҸҲ"۶ϲۣȷơδʷϷǰ½뵺֮ԣΪй֮еʼ壬ǲѡ 
        
37ڣ ƴ֮ȵ         
 ƴ֮ȵ   
й弰ǰ֮޵飬ԼִʵＰףƴ֮ȷȻоݣ޿ɡֽ֮ӡˢƷƱ걾ᾭ١ȻƴձĻ󶼴ձӣԡ֮֡£ڼһӡᾭҲ񲻾ۡƪߣΪƴ鹣ţȻڿ֮ȵ಻ܲһҲ 
  
йӡˢ֮Դ֮ϵ仯֮ţΪӡԽڽ䣬ɽʼΪ֮ӡԴӡȲ޹ϵҲ¼ӡӡ֮Σ 
  
ףԷ֡ʮţ   
־ƣ¶ʮգΪʹߵᡣʹ¸ʮβʳʹȾ¼䣬һһӡġʮһգɮʹˡ 
  
ң徻ϺĹڷģʮһǡ   
Ƶ׼ģ񣬻ӡֽ洦ۣש֮ɷÿҰĪԴΪҵ   
Ʒޡɢ¼ӡɮ԰¼   
Իطֽӡʩڣÿࡣ   
ʡǡƣ"ӡ֮ĩΪ࣬С@²磬дģУν֮Ҳӯ@ܾڣ޹"ձ걾֮ᾭڰСУνҲ֮ӡĹڷ֮ƵףKoityaģһ֮Ҳʼӡˢ֮ף徻֮Ϊӡ 
  
ַӡ㡣ձͷ¡زһֽӡǧҩʦһֽӡʮһһֽ֮ӡٰ𡣴мŮɳ񣬽һֽӡʮӡ֮Ҳһš귨˲ϣ̽ػʯң÷ӡӡ֮ǧ𣬾Ϊƴ֮šڿɽˮľӡӡϿһٶʮȻ޴֮룬Աаѣν֮ӡˢҲƴӡȷӡйߡ֮һʱʢһֽжӡǧһӡǧţӡˢѿк֮ʢ 
  
ɢ¼ԻطֽӡԾ㾡ߡ֮ҲΨɢ¼һ飬κܡŰݡʱޡ˼α塶ĿҪۡӼǡƣ"츴ԪԪ˹֮ʼƪȺิߵΪУδ꿼ӡ"Ӽǡһ鼴ݡɢ¼ɡȻǧ¥ɲο̱ɢ¼Ԫ츴ɱ󣬡ĿҪݴΪУδȻҪ֮ӡ֮ӡȴѾãʵ֮ɢ¼ǲ޿Ҳ 
  
еİ֮ľӡӡ֮ӡ忯ˢӡΪ֮ʼΪ֪йʷ֮ɴɱ䣬ʽ鼮ʱʷʵδףΨձ걾ᾭΪ֤Ȼһ£ʹʷʵһߣհҲ顤ڼ̫͡;ʮ 
  
뷣»Ԫհݡ˽հ塣   
ȫġٶʮķޡӡʱࡷƣ   
׼뷣ӡհ档ϵ԰ӡУÿ˾̨δӡ£йԾ֮   
̫;뷣֮Ҳ   
ʷһ򣬴ʼڵ֮ʱգס̫֡ʷӡߣÿλ˷ޣ߸ںִɼʱ˽ӡ֮¡հߣɼΪӡˢ֮档ٿָհ壬ӡ飬ͳһ˷޲λںȺ˷֮壬˽áΪճ裬Ӧ㿯ߣҪ֮У⣬ȵ棬Ȼհɼָ˶ 
        
38ڣ йʷ֮ͨʱ(1)         
 йʷ֮ͨʱ   
ƴ֮ģ˵߾Ԫ΢֮ϳ켯ΪȡԪƣ"Ȼʮ䣬ʡʺǽ֮޲飬檸ţ֮ͯ޲дģfо֮ԽߣǡԽģ켰ʫ֮Ҳ"Ϊģƣ̶ָԡԪڳʮ£Ԫ˶꣩ձ걾ᾭͬʱԪ֮ʫΪᣬ֮Խ鴫ѹ㣬̷Χڽ̷תѧȻˡΪ֤֮ߣģնּģдֶԾٶѡģΪġдڹΪգԭġд֮ӰдȻͨڶԾ٣ָдΪģΪ̣⣬鱾νīԾҲԪƣ֮֮ձᾭʵܡȻڹͣδδõڶ׼֮ʵ֤ǰþݴ˼νƴڴʱеӡҲ 
  
йǷʼƣһڿʷ֮ǨΣײ㣬ȫΨ֮ԣʱܲͨԶ֮ʡǿ֮£ԴʼΪʿע⣬֮ܳԻͨʱͨǰ฽СҼƴףüߣʱ򣬱¼£ 
  
ףձɮڅдŵĿ¼ءࡷ   
˹һַһإһաһɸ衷һ顷һʮ¼ҩһӡҪǡһԪߡӡӡϡһͬӡӡƪһʮ¼ȣΩǷţҪҲͨʮ£ڳҽձѧɮԲطʦԺдӷŵĿ¼Ҳձʮһʮȴ󾩶ؿɮʦλ 
  
ңϪ顷¡Զ   
Ȫ֮ʮң˴ӷ֮ʿ봫ӡǧԼгĺϴ֮ߡ   
˾ͼһšΪ½ɮݵ]ǧ¥ؾɳȷĪļ衷ӡ˰ֽ   
չ裬֣ʢۣܣԺѧˡʱ˷٣ӡɢʧˣݵ]ȷרĳڡԶʿĽԵϣѣҾٶ֮䣬ֻ֮ߣ׾죬ʤͬšڸ֮΢Ըʱ֮롣衣ݡĲԿ԰ǧ¥رУ 
  
ԡ֡ߣ   
̫ʷӡߣÿλ˷ޣ߸ںִ˾ж͹ִԻ"֮󾡺ͬоͣһհС£"߳ȥ֪֮ڶӡ 
  
죩nѵ򡷣ϡҵһ   
кîģ֮ҲΪˣѮس֮ϡ˵ռլŹγ֮СѧʵӡֽȾɾ   
Ҷεáʯˣ   
Եӡʼ˲Ȼ౾徭壬Ϊ֮nѵСѧʵӡֽƹ֮ӡֲ֮ӡ飬ԺΪϣ񱾴֮¡ʦӡ棬ݣֽѡ븣ľ֮ȡ׳ɶۣʲܹ£׳ɹҲ 
  
ϡիԳһ   
nѵ򡷣ο죩ҶϡԴ֤鲻ʼڷνӡ鼮δʢΪ֮Էʼӡ徭Ժ伮Ϊ屾ĩӡ飬δʢУʼҲ 
  
ʷ־   
ĩʼī棬Сѧ顣   
ɣ桶⢾Ӽǡ£   
ӡ֣ǰ֮ĩʼī棬ƷΡžϤ˼оʷΰΪʷ   
څΪƴձɮư˼֮һ꣨ܲͨ꣬Ԫ꣩桢ȫչݳءƼšԭܲ編ƣ꣨ͨ꣬Ԫ꣩ʮһ¹ʱЯ֮һʮĲһʮӡӱϡƪ򾭾⸽ҲӡӼƱ־㲻档Ȼʮ֮ƪƪ֮ϡͨʱѵ⣬ʱп֮ʢѡȷ˶Ϊձͺϵv飬Ŵ滭󸽡滭һɣۼ¡ 
    
ʱԴڅĿ¼ߣΪϪ顷Ȫӡ봫ǧ֮ġΪʱˡȪ顤ݴ£ͬɣš˼֮ӷ֮ʿƣ롶Ȼʱ̴ʢɮ£һʱʿУѧµʿԹ˥ڴԪ޸£Ȫŵң󣬵Ҍ˥תϡݵڡϣϵԣԣ¶ңԹδǰг֮ߣøҵӡ봫ǧԼ֮ҲȪ֮ӡ봫ڻ֮ʱͨʱ֮ڴ˲ɼʱеӡ飬ͨʱ֮Ϊϰڿ֪ӡ 
  
څĿ¼Ϫ顷֮ͨʱӡ鼰֮ΣԼɿһߡҶӢ˹̹򷢼ػĪ߿ʯҲ飬ȡݼԲڲе߲Ժеӡվһĩƣ"ͨʮdΪ׾ʩ"ִ֮й飬ԴΪӡͨվڵڣȲ׸˾ͼ͡衷һ֮ʱ 
  
ͼĴԼھ֮ʱͼƽ壬ǰΡһͨĩǬ֮䡣ʱٰݵʷԸڳ٣ڹ»˾Ԫ꣬ʼӱǲ塣ڶʱǨ嶦飬ϣȫּݺ壬گͼ볯ͼʱvҲͼĵڵһ֮ʱڶΣʷ˼֮գʧǣּȤҰġڴʱ""֮ǣزīԼֻҲʴıͨĩһ壬ʱڴи޷²Զ"ʱ˷"ƣָϷ֮ԡǻ£ܲҲƻʸöˮС빡ν"ԪԦ֮ǣị֮̄¿ɳŸǶ±Ժ´ñ£Ǳڻʸö֮Ȫҵϡ"Ǿڻʱ֮Ҳʱ̸ˣؽͼָص裬ͼ"ʱ˷"Ϊָٷ֮¶ԣȷȻоݡĳڴϾΪ"ʱ˷ӡɢʧ"ӡȷ٣ѹɢʧкν֮кͨʱ֮ӡ˹ɼǰ֮Ȫ֮ӡ봫ڻʱԴΪһְ֤ڶڣвԶ˹ʱµӡ˰ֽӡ֮£У署ܣ뵱п鼮ӡ 
        
39ڣ йʷ֮ͨʱ(2)         
֮ܲΪڡʱ֥ƳȽҸ壬¡Ԫʮ»Ƴ볤кԪҳɶĵ¶ʼ˸鳤֡nͣԴʱҲڅĿ¼ӡӱƪϡ֮ӡɶгӡnνس֮ϣνسǵǬ֮޳ǣسǡɶжسǶѧһƴ൱ڴҲҶεļ֮ԣ񲻾ۡ 
  
߿֮Խӡ֮ʢͨضࡣڅ˾ͼġӡ̿ɿߣ׷˵ռլŹγСѧƪϡ֮ҷС봫ϷĦʲ롶վڡִ֮ͨվ衣ʱӡ֮ؿɿߣнҡϪ顷֡څĿ¼nѵ򡷡˾ͼһػͨվ֮ԶձڅĿ¼څЯ֮ӡӱڳȪӡ봫ǧԼгĺϴ֮ߣгĺֿɼ䴫֮ӡ֮ͨʱӡ鼮ѱ鲼ڳƺ䣬ʢ֪ӡ 
        
40ڣ ִ֮ͨվ         
 ִ֮ͨվ   
ʮĩҶ󿼹֮ѧʢϸǡ½ɹšһʱѧҷ̽䡣һšְ꣬Ӣӡ֮˹̹˷ػǧĪ߿֮زء𻭡дӡӣΪϯԲ׶֮е߲ԺԼǧ귨˲ϣˣȡȥǧڰ֮ͼݡǧͳʱ֮ʦͼݡأдΪ࣬ӡ١ӡ֮ʱѰߣ׶ԼԼľͨվ׶زرΪ˹̹ȥִйӡ֮Ҳͨվӡͨʮգ˹̹֮й￼żǡRuins 
of Desert 
Cathay֮йӡˢ֮š鼰ձͺϵv顶Ŵ滭´伮̸㸽ӰƬժ˹̹򼰿¶֮˵Σں 
  
ף˹̹й￼żǡһһ˾ҳ   
ʯһ֮ӣΪӡ֮һƪȫӡɣĩе£ԼԪ֮꣨οһһͼôΪ֮ϲá׾νӡʼδݴ˿֪ǰ֮ڵھʱпɹӡľл֮֮רѧʶ߹֮һ֪֮Ҳ 
  
ң¡йӡˢ֮һҳ   
Ī߿ʯҲǱ߼Ű꣬ؾʼ֮ӡ༴С鱣ƣȱ̼Ľɴ˿ɼ񣬱áŷ޹ڱGutenbergǰ֮ӡƷ㲻֮ȫҶ׸Ե滭һ̷һʮߡ۹۴飬Ψ漼ɳϳˣ͸Ҷ֮Сԣձ걾ᾭ֮ªɱҲÿҶԼ߰룬߽һߣСǡĩһУԻ"ͨʮdΪ׾ʩ" 
  
ͨʮΪԪʮһգ˹̹й￼żǡһһ˾ҳԪ꣬һһͼԪ꣬һҳΪ棬ڸ¶԰ᣨSubhti֮״Ĳϣǰһ蹩ƫ̻Ҽ磬ϥŵأư׷𣬷ҷƣжػű׹Χ̣ǰʦӷ־ңԱʾΪʦҲ 
  
֮Ϊվġ׹Ծҵԡ̴ΪĦʲ롶հܾVajracchedik-prj?kapramit-straÿдΪʮ֣ԡ 
  
̻޼򾢣ܱʾ˲֮ͬСϲԾ¶̬ȫиԢ֮ͦ⣬֮ڳ֮زڹαߡαʦָͼޡϣٺ乤ϸʤǰȻ֮ͨӹż򡣾Ȼΰ汾֮ߣÿŷζݾ¥زб顷ǧ¥ԪټעļҲԪΰϣѴۦӡͨվΰϣȻбһ׾ۣһ塣ǹʹŰܱ֮֮ӹ׶ 
  
ͼϴ΢ڣִ˵ΪʱţӴɼԨԴ֮ԶҲ֮׸ԣԻ"һ飺ކoކoĦڭކoކoڭֽգٶգգ׾ˮգգ붨գͽգա"ĩԣԻ"Gӱ٤ϵ۲ܶҷʧҮڭ"޴ؾվԱ٤٤ܶҷҷףʧ¬ԣڭɯڭ΢⣬죬УĦʲ롶վвҲ 
  
ͨվԼȻǷΪػ֮һҲ뿯վͬʱߣӡ֮ƬԸֵ࣬Ƭ󶼷ΪأϽΪ֮½ΪԸģֽϡվ֮ӱΪʣ¾ݴνֵƬ֮Ըļʣӡ֮ӱϵĴԸڶػҲɴֿۣɼڡվӡǰйӡ鼮֮ҵʢػͲನڴʼȻ֮Ȼɶӡ 
  
񰴿۲޾ݡйʮдάĦڵġڶʮ֮Ժػ֮Ӧ£ΪػĻֶ֤֮ػʯҲΪдӡȿصӡ֮ҵδʢػͿ֮֮ӰԿ֪ӡ 
        
41ڣ ִƱ         
 ִƱ   
ִƴߣԾΡ   
ףﺲľ鿼ԨԴ   
ī棬Īʱšֱϴĳߴﰴ´伮̸֮ΰ汾ӻνϵġ飺ϲʮ걾ѡv걾ȥǡβӶ°ຼɳŹԶУϼҡҲһ֮ӡζʮһ帵áѡڳɽϲ䡶ϲ®顷УղݻիưϣиšԴΪ֤֪֮ĳֽ֮֡дţдְֻӡҲߣֽī֮䣬̲֪ΪαҲ硶ȥǡأ֣пν֮ƿɾݺ 
  
ңĪ߿ʯ¼   
ձϣ߼ᣩ꡶ĦۡһʮģֽпľǣԻ"д涨"֣Ρؾֽ֮"ɽؾ"ͬΪƿ̱֮ȷݡ 
  
عޡйԴ֮ʼ   
ʱ񱾣¼ߡǾ弾֮Ƭֻֽ֣̣õ֮֮أŶɼӡнϲءԪӱҶ֮СԪӱĵҲ˵񱾣ҶʮУÿʮִ֣Ǯб߽з죬дʽװīӡ񣬲ɱ档ձ꡶Ħ̱ۡΪƱ֮ߡӱԨȥǡӶ°ຼɳŹԶƣǲš 
  
ٽ֮ΪƿߣСԪӱĦۡһʮľ֡ˡԪӱб߽īӡ񣬲ɱ棬ܱ伴ΪӡΪƱģп֮ҮڡĦ֮ۡƱձѧ䲻䣬Ϊϵ֮Ϊٵඦ 
  
ػʯӡСӾ顷һʤᡷΪ֮Ӱӡڡ巺¥顷У˹̹й￼żǡӰСӷԸġƬһֽ¡йӡˢ֮ӰСʦԸġƬһֽϸֻ̾ĴӣͨվϣΪ档νһʤᡷΪƱΪ"ʦشǲ"֮""пһַԸģΪƱԾšִ֮Ʊͨվߣ 
  
ѧѧͼݵһ꿯ҳһ--һţһŶʮһ³档         
42ڣһ          
3ƴگ鿼   
һ    
йϡݡĴһԹ帴ӣ˴˷ͳׯᣬͨģƽĻֻ϶ϲȻңӰ졣֮ʣ۾϶ƸԺһЩΪگס䣬ƽʢƳΪڽ϶ڰһסӵ壬ΪΪࡣڿԪʱگϵگ沢گͳһȫᡣگϣگоϣʳگͳһԳƣƷΪ챦ʮʼŴɡԴԺżȻʱ򣬶ƳʼղȫƣʵϽųһĹҡ챦ʮؽɹ츴Ϊֹ֣һʮꡣƳ֮ʼ¶ͷگ֮۾ϴ߰ʮ꣬һʼʢʱĽ򣬱ԽĴɺΪ磬нϵıһݵ壨ݣԼ߹ܣյ顢̩ܹگ԰ͳĩٲȻΪһެͥ 
  
Ϊگ߹ܡǭݡأگʢ˥ҲӰ쵽ƳİΣܲԺگܱ߼꣬ƳΪ֮ɧ顤ʱ¬ЯʱگܱߵΣǣ 
  
ͨʼ밲߹ܣһǭݣĵΧ¬ٱţɧʮꡣ䲻ھʦ߹룬вؿ顣ʿݣǹǴң˲ңΪΪʹġ 
  
گĻȻңݵıҲפ֣˼飬ѫ֮ң֥Ƴ֮Ƴ֮ʼڴˡԡ顤˵"ڻƳڹ֣"گƳĹϵǹˣ 
  
گйĹϵȻҪ̫ӣʷֲ࣬峯һʷسΪگʷоȴȿǬ¡ʱ¬ďУƷ顷ĩҲС顷У֮¬УԭִϾѧͼݣֻʮ£м޹غּУһϡȫ񣬲ö֪ŷ޺ѧעگʷһšɺġگҰʷC.SainsonNan-Tchao 
Ye CheHistoire particuliere du Nan-TchaoTraduct on d"une Histoire de l"ancien 
YunnanϣͣP.PelliotġӡDeux itineraires de Chine en Inde ?_ la fin du 
VIII sicle 
оУҲ۵گʷϵһЩ⡣ձѧľگһģڡѧСʮйעʷʼ𽥶ѧ緽褡𡢷ǰоԺگʷоܺõ¡Ӷʮǰ֮į治ͬնˡ 
  
һ죬ҵס¡Ϊ֪һʷŴڷ¡顷оʮڡ顷һУע˵گʷδܻȻͨһĶش٣ǽƴگľɸ壬дɡƴگ鿼ԡһġȽԴ˶ƪΪ׸һ? 
  
ǰ֮ԸگʷȽָ̣   
* * *   
ԺͨԺ󣬡ʷǡ顷СĴ顣ϵרϵʷߣֻгɶյġδ顤Ĵ»̫עһľ¡Խ˴ƣ㲻Ժ󣬽賡־ҲԼԼ͵ϡ̫ƽСǡ͡а˿־а˿־ּڡۡǰ飬һ߿ۡδ˵ᵽnһӣ߾һǡ˿־ݣҲ൱㷺ǡᵽˣ⣬϶ᡢ˹߾һ߰һⶼǺĿԺʼϡʡҲǰƷ롶δͬΪϵס 
  
κԺйĹϵսԶ꣨Ԫߡ꣩󽫾֣ʦƽԽQݣֻһĵۿʮ꣨Ԫ꣩ʷƽǼόDĴʮಿӼĴǡگʱ֮ƴԻʷʷйҲƳϽշʹ飬ɽܸΪԬ̡ϼǡΤݡмǡ¡顷衶ϱ¼򯡶گ¼飬̳ĿʶΪоƴگʷĵһϡԬ̡Τݡ衢֮Ѳӡͨ졷һƬצ̿Լ乣š֪ԿΡ 
        
43ڣ Ԭϼ         
 Ԭϼ   
Ϲϵʱʼأ̺Ԫߡң壨顷ܣ壩ʦҦȺļСҦŵ¶Ҧɼ¶ļʹۡ챦ެϣʱԪگĲѰެ޶ȣƽ֣֮Ȱй֮־ʱڶʹΪΤޣ췢͡Ԫ꣬گԼʮ꣬گެ񴨣ͬ£ǲԬΪگʹϡԬ̵ġϼǡǼʹм֮ϣԬ֮Ϊ硣 
  
Ԭֵɽˣ顷һһд顷һݡ顤گԪʮһεĳʹԬΪֽڲگʹɶ֮ʱΪй٣ΪοʹԬϣߵǱ·顤־ݿСעƣ 
  
ʮݣİٰʮʯ忪溺ݱ־ɽɣʮԲ䡣־ɽپʮ粿䡣ְٰʮ͹ٴ־ʮ罭ɽ¡־ϪȜnأٶʮ١ֶʮ϶ǡ־پʮˮ־ʯģٶʮʯţ䡣ʮϳǡְʮ³ǡְʮβǡʮڳǡԪʮگԬڸʹگɴˡ 
  
¼䣬常պΪǡ顷˵ƴϵı·һΪʯ·־ƿ桢ݱ·һ£Ҳڡ顷顷һϽ;̡ͱ·ƣ 
  
ʯ³ϣν֮·Ϫسͨϣν֮·ʮճʯţǴƣ"ʮ¶ʮգ淨ܻʼʯʯĿףһɣŸͨԽݽݡ"ʷڴҲ챦ͨϪ±Ǵ·վʮԪʮگ黯͢ʹ·ެֳء£ڶΤǲѲټʷ濪ʯ·йݡ顷֣׾УעԡĿ⡷ʱ 
  
ʯţڽνؾڡνضɳ·ĦϻԬʱ˵صĦһƪһУУȫĿ飬Ψ"Ԭ"׭ġԻ 
  
Ԫʮإοʹ   
ڸ¾йСʹͻ   
ֽڲگʹʷةԬ̸ʹɶ   
йټʷʱͬϲ   
ĲѰΪگʱڶʹɶ   
ʷΤ޲ѲټʷͳӪ   
·ʿʯ֮   
Ԭ   
Ԭƴһλң׭Ƶʱ׭顶֪࣬鼫ټһԲ顷顷֮١νʯ·ľغĴͨϵߵʷǡд"ʱͨߵ"һؽƣ 
  
־ƣߵݡʦƣ䴦ն򣬹ʵŹߡ紾ƣҲ   
ʱݶܣϽζͬ֡顢ͬ·ᡢ¤̡Ȫأͨ½صءʡ־ָݾڵߵžʯ·ѡȨߡȨ֮ļСԬةֽڲگһףԬʹߣʫƣ 
  
ʹȥԶͨƸkⴱʢ;ߍˮ˫ϹǢ⳼פԦҾʥ   
ΪԬߵʯ·غߵȨ֮ʫ";ߍ"֮Ҳʯ·ߵһ˵֤   
顤Ԭ̴˵"ʹϼǡ"顤־¼飬ͬʷ־δ¼ֲڡի־顣̫ƽСϼǡΤݵġмǡ˵¡Ԭ̵鵽δѾˣ˾¹ͨ졷Ҳû䡷顷ʮĩһԬ̲ĲѰΪļ£Ԭ̵϶ϻصΪֹһǧ֡¶ţ£Ϊʵ顤گҲһΣܾܿȡ֮Ԭ̵ġϼǡԬɿֹ߽ڴˡ顷ͨḮԪ꡷Լ顷ļأǿ֪Ԭ˴Ԫʮ볤ʯ·¶ʮԬ˹ʯţʮʮǣʮµ䣬ʮһչǷᴨʮյϳǣʮյ³ǣʮչͳǵڣʮвʮһ±϶飬ڳǣʮʯţʮգʮ³յݡݳԼ¡ 
  
گ챦ʱԪʮ꣬м侭ʮ꣬ʼַ˷Ԭ̷ʹڵʱһ䶯˳ҲһвٵΪΪʫ׳еġֻӡȨ֮мʫһס֮СԬةֽڲһףĿƪ˵񴺻ڸ˵ȫǵĹ£ΪƪȻҲԬʹ֮ĿԼڶϻ֣ǰԴڳĪҲ 
        
44ڣ Τм(1)         
 Τм   
ԵԪʮ꣨Ԫ߾꣩ԬʹϣϼǡԺ󣬾ʮ꣬ڳ꣨Ԫ˶꣩Τ֮ʹϡΤݣмǡǼʹм֮Ҳ˹䡶ի־αʷΤݡмǡƣ 
  
ΤݡмǡΤʹϣＰšνΪƻߣԿԽQ֮Ϫ⣬֮ݣȻδҲ֮ɴˡQݲأޱ߻Դ֮֮ԣɲνգ 
  
Τ顤ϵΪΤƽ빫Τ֮ӣݴʷԪνϵΤӡڳԪ꣬ԶĲΪڶʹϳ켯ئСΤڶȸʹơ"ĲΪ˧ɡΪϽ飬"֮ǣΤҲڳԪΪڶȸʹĲڶʹֻꡣʮ£ԶԪɶڶʹԶĲȥְʮǰ浱ҲͬΡʹϣ顤˵ 
  
ԪĲѰѰȰȰʮһΪŪڶɱȰʼӡܷvvң£ĽйʹΤֽٲᡣvǲЩлӡ 
  
ȰvݡͨƼ͡ڳ   
گȰ䣬ܷv   
һġ졷˵   
ʵ¼گšĩگȰܷ֮v߸Ҳӡ´   
顤ڼ͡г"گ˿ʮƷ"һ¡顷缴ʵ¼֮磬ǡ顷Ūڶ۵ͬ롣ḮԪ塶⳼һμ˵ 
  
죩£گǲʹԾΤΪگʹ   
ڰ¾ɡ顷ḮԪ꡷ͨļۺԼ浱ڶȸʹȥ֮󣬾͵ھʱڳ£vλھǲʹ棬Ҫ⣬׽˿ʮƷƳΪڶȸʹΪگʹȥvʱ䣬ӦڳšʮԺ󡣺ˣΤ浽ϲ£ͬлگʹڣ¾ΣһҲ 
  
Τݣϵ顣̫ƽǡİΤӶ־ƣ   
Τߪʿڣ۹ԱɣΪ?#91;ʹ̫Ͱ֮ơ   
ΤΤʹͬʱ಻ȺɼһˣΨ¼޿ɿмǡԺ󼴲ʷ־¼飬壬áϼǡʮһž죬Ŷľ£ľᣬϼǶᵽΤݣʾΣ 
        
45ڣ Τм(2)         
ΤʹϣͳǽдضţжѼڡһţ   
Τʹϣ£֮Ŷģ   
ΤƸϣᴨʹʹ¸ᡣϣȥζģ   
ӦöΤݵġмǡԼԼļš߼ϼǡݱѨ㣻߲ϼǡɽɽ裻ŵϼǡپصĶϼǡ°ˣŰˡ«ϼǡ͎QݽˣϼǡĸϼǡԼᴨϼǡּˮϰӡ͵ݡɽپ°Qݡᴨ÷¡顷һϽ;̡ƪԳɶ·Уϼǡеĵһ·ϡ顷ˮһעƣ"мɣ"ɴ˿֪ϼǡϣһȡϪ·ܼ;ţط͡顷Ϫ·һԬϣߵǴʯ³ʯŵ༴غߵ롶ϼǡͬϼǡΤ֮ΪΤݵġмǡԬ飬ſɡΤ飬ϼǡʮݡмǡ⣬顷ˮž±עһ±עΤݡмǡʮ֡Ŷмǡһıݣһ°·ı޿ɿ°·ȻϪ·ϣҲӦþΤݵ顣ԡһΪ򲻵ö֪ 
  
ۺϡի־ĴԣΤݵġмǡɿ˶ѡ   
ΤΤʹϵʱͬʮƳͬƽ¶ԪڶʹԪǶ޵ԽʿΪѧʿڼλ"࣬ڳΪڶʹͬƽ"ԺΪӭڣԹ̳ңϤףڱ߷ˣ̫꣨Ԫ˶꣩گۣ֮ƳɶŮΪ֮ȻͨƼ̫͡ʮһ¼گ˵ 
  
ԪԾԸߣ£רʿ֮ʳ㣬Ը˷ʳ֮ʵ֪֮گ۴ܣԸ棬Ԫ򣲻֮š۱߳һޱ 
  
Τ桢Τǳ궬ʹϣȡϪ·;nš衢Qݣ̫گֵ·Ԫ񣬱߷ϳڣ¾ΤݡмǡųϪصӰ졣鱨ʵ޻ԣΪڶʹԪƵʮǰΤϣΪΤ޲Ӧگͣиޱ̫֮ۡտ˵ǳƽ֮Ҳ 
  
ƳΤޡԣϱ£Ρ   
ԪԪ꣨Ԫ߰꣩ΤްݼУɶʷڶʹʮһꡣݡʷ־ΤС״ʮʮһľӪڱϸļءͨԪʮ¡졷״һ顤Τ޴֮޿ɿΤԺΪԣļСϱ¼״ƣ 
  
Ҫ֮أʵԶ֮ͼϱ¼ʮ򣬼滭Сͼף޲ñľάݱĩƾꡣ 
  
顤ԣ˵ԣ"˽¥ϵɽҪͼ֮ެͼ֮ҡ䲿ڹԶ̾ߡϰ̶ָ֮²֮α֪֮"Լ¥ͼڡ¼Сͼ֮ڡԣ飬ʮʷ־¼һ󡣡̫ͨԣگӰյǧ졷ԣϱ¼ԣ鴫ֻһ򡣶顤ԣճﻮ꣬вȡڡ¼Ҳ 
        
46ڣ ¬Я         
 ¬Я   
ܲͨʱзµġ顷ʮġϱ¼һʱ򯡶گ¼¬Я״һ¡顷ں˵š 
  
顷ʷ־¼衶ϱ¼һͨʮ꣨Ԫ꣩ʦΪ߽ڶʹ̰ʧگ뷸ˡʮһΪ˾дϱ¼ںʱɿͨƼ͡ԪʮԬ̲گ졷һ˵"گԬ̲ĲѰΪگǴ롣گ֮ԴʼҲ"ḮԪ꡷Ԫʱƴگӡ񽣬Ի"Ԫگӡ"گ»챦ʮһظ޷ﱱެ"ڵ˴گΪϹگ"گϹگԪگϮެ֮ɳƶ 
  
گڿڴʮ꣨Ԫ꣩Ǭ꣨Ԫ꣩ǰ󼸶ʮ꣬그ߡǬӷֱʼϢڶʹگͨʹڡǬ꣬ǲѲʹϣƲǣʮնԪ£ָòʹگкԪ꣨Ԫ˰һ꣩ʼ֮䣬ʹگġگ¼ơΡ־ԼۺγʹŶɡگ¼Ժ󼴲ͨƼ͡Ǭ¡졷飬˵"گأԳƴ"گ֮ػˣʼ顣ءˣνͣö֪Ϊ޵ĶѧƲ⣬ת̫࣬е㲻š 
  
򯡶گ¼ͬʱ黹С״һʷ־ͨƼ͡ڹԪگ졷״ڶʹ¾uǲʹگ֮£ּvԺΪ֮ʣν״ĩس¾u뺣ƺأƴˡگţگ¼͡״ʼ¼ػ֮ţܿʼ֮ʱ״ʷΪ¹졷Ϊ"¬ЯҲ"ЯΪʱ࣬ԡ¾u֮ǲʹگԺףЯ֮ࡣ¹ν״ΪЯ£ɵʵ 
        
47ڣ ¡顷(1)         
 ¡顷   
گƳĹϵܲʱΪÿ궼б߾йϲ簲ϡ߹ΪͨʱΪگݣ߹ɧȻ˵֣֮֮ѫѱ䣬֮گʢ˥ϵĵʧϵƳ󡣷¾گʱµˡġ顷ڰʱѼĲϣϵͳı롣־ִʷõļأֻз´顣 
  
¡顷顷ʷ־¼ʮϼ޿ɿΪϾʹϮ¡ͨ꣨Ԫ꣩Ϯ԰ϣ궬گ괺ݣϮʮˣ潭⡣顷֮ԼʼڰʱϮʧ֮ǰԽ񱾡顷ʮĩƣ 
  
ȥ¶ʮգ¼;ɽگʼị̃ţެ¼ʮڰϿݽڣݽڶѺҽס 
  
Լͨꡣͨ£ݶʷ顷һΣ񱾡顷ʮĩǭ͡һƣ   
ͨ£ݶʷİظԴϤ¼֮İ죬¼ڴˣΪ־һʮ£֪ĩ֮   
һ֣Ҳǡ顷򣬴ڴˡ   
顷ƣ¼ⲻһ£顤־ͨ졷̴ͼ鼯顷ի־ʷ־Ԫ־ԡ̱־ʷֳ׫ǡΪʮ̡ͼݡϼǡִ䡷ʷǡ̫ƽ־Ŀ⡷¼顷顷ԳΪ־һʮ֮ƺ顷¼ƣӦȽϽ棻ߡ־Ϊ³ƣ˳Ϊ顷Ҳ顷Ժ־ԡᵽ´顣̱Ϊϲʹ̫㴦µġ־ϡļСмǡһ¡롶䡷첻ԡĿҪ˵"Բƴ׫Ϊ¼顣"ͨ־䶼з¡־봫顷Ĳ࣬־Ǵ֮ʵҶԺѲǬ¡ʱޡĿȫ顷ݳʼӡִ䡷н鼭顤־Ϊʮȡ顤گͨ졷Ϊ֮У顷ӴĿ⡷⣬СӢ桷һھ䱾Ǭ¡ʱ֪իſ顷顷顷ϱ־ְ汾֪ի¶ھ䱾ھ䱾֪իҲھ䱾ԨĿ⡷ΪݣҪǬ¡ʮ£ʱ硣Ԩʮ꣬Ľʮ꣬Ҫͬھ䱾г룬ҲͬҵƲ⣬䡷ڵġ顷Ǿ󲿷һ֮ڣڹڼ䡷ûмá顷ġ䡷ڹ䡷˵ҲֻһԼá顷һ䡷ڸӻ֪ôʱһʧˡ 
  
Ϊ䡷ԭ棬աĿ⡷顷޶󣬾ͺѿǽ񱾡顷ʱʱСĿ⡷ݳЩǻԿб顷ЩطǾݳĵġ磺бġࡷ׼ϮɱƸӣƸ䡷ԭݳݡ顤گƸơļʮС뷰顷оƸ֮ɴ˿֪顷""Ϊ""䡷""ֻ"Ƹ"""ѡĿ⡷ݳδܹ飬дʧ 
  
С䡷顷кܶĵطڴ硶̫ƽԼʯУԲٵ־䡣硶ʱ־ǡ顷һơ顷һϽ;̡һʯ·һĩ"й"£䣬²ͨ߰˾űȲ־ǽ񱾴˶Σ񽫡䡷顷־һΣʱȽϡ 
        
48ڣ ¡顷(2)         
"йټҶţ޲ŮϤţƤ"䡷顷   
"дټҶټңССһʹףơţ޲ŮϤţƤ"߰˾ű־   
Ŀ⡷ݳ䡷顷֪á־У½񱾶źǺܿϧġϽʯ֣ҲпԲġ硶䡷顷һϽ;̡һʯ·һ˵ʯ·챦Ժ·վԪʮگ黯͢ʹϪ·ެԲͨ"£ڶΤǲѲټʷʯ·й""ʯ·й"֣⡣ڴԬ̵Ŀʯ"ѲټʷͳӪ·"һ仰֪񱾡顷"ʯ·й"֣ԭӦ"ʯ·й"""""֡չתд""""˶ѡ 
  
Ŀ⡷ݳУ顷©֮ȴҲɷѿģӦûǵĹ͡䡷顷ԭвٴ񱾾ġࡷĶĩʮ֣ĲӦ塶ƪʮ޹أˡķסڰƪĩһо׷ΧݳָЩӦڵĵطеԽ񱾡顷Ҵ棬ȻԴ˼أʯ֣Լѧѧѧĵ飬úõУͻԭһȽϿɿıӣȻԽһ̸оѧ˶Уʷصоʵ̫įˡ 
  
顷֡Ͻ;̡ɽԴگࡷϳ򡷡Ϲķס̡Ĺʮڰйʱϵ塢ʷסƶȣԼ⣬ΪӡÿһⶼҪҪ㲩Ŀ֤оѧֹͨһһ֮ɵġƪֻ""ѣ 
  
һإճ壬һʮһإһдһڱ   
?   
ʮռļҳһ--һߣһһ档         
49ڣһ          
4گʷ   
--گʷ̽--   
һ    
گ֮йʷϳ¶ͷǣԼʼڹԪң̫۳֮䡣˵ڰҶ챦꣬޷ｨƴگʢ֮ʱͼֽɺӣһ´ˮΪ磻ߴﵽݵ͹ϷĽԽϡ̩Ľ飬ҵıһΪگԵڰھĩٲȻΪһ䳼ެʵڷͥͬĸ֮Ƴĩò֮Զ֣Էگѫ֮ҡԡ顷ٶʮġگޡĩ˵"ڻƳڹ"ǰʷѧ֮گƳʷĹϵڴ˿ɼ 
  
峯ѧʷокܶĹףگʷȴȿʮگʷʼõʷѧҺѧҵע⣬ǵΪگʷо˵·ٱľگʷ塢ĻԼʷϷйص⣬һЩֻ̽ʣ˵ܲگʷϵһЩʡ"ѧ"ʷרָ̡ 
        
50ڣ گʷϵ(1)         
 گʷϵ   
ʷⶼǺܸӵģѻ⣬һΪׯǰԺЩϻԾ֮ȺĹϵʮ˵һ纺ƼĺբۣԼ¡顷ᵽĶЩô壿Ȼ˵"گ"ܣֲ붫֮ڣЩأǨأ־ᵽǼ顷ҲнǼǼƣЩǼǼǼڹŴϱȽƫĵطôһأǼԼگ޹ϵ⣬ѧ߷׷ۣһ¡ 
  
Щ֮УѻǱȽϸӵһѧѧĹ൱չòֻۡࡢگǼǼǼ˵ 
  
ɹ꣨Ԫһ꣩ƽԺ¼躱٣ݡ躱Ϊɹ֣ƺڡסݲϣ͡ɳA.J.H.CharignonԼ޿˵Ľͣйʷϵ֡ࡢ֣ʵͬ룬ֻʱͬ仯ѡڲϣ˵ĽͣǶԵġΪϹŴһٶ 
  
گԼǼǼǼԭסࡢĴʡ֮¤ɽɽһǨصǼ塣ЩصǼһֽɶƽԭẽ£Ĵ˱ͨϰԶһ֧Ϊ塣һɽɽɢڽʡڣǨϴһһ֧ΪگǼǼǼӦһ֧֮ڡȻصǼ壬ͬԴگΪ붫֮С 
  
ȴӵ˵ϼ˵һٶ   
ǹŴһҪ壬ʢ֮ʱﵽ֮ʣ˵¤ɽɽĵصˮ䶼ԼĴıʱصǼΪҪĳɷ֡ˮ֡Ԫǰͣ¹ʼ"ƽֵԣǧ"Ԫǰĩнˮ䶼ԼĴĴ󲿷ֵطԪǰһ꣬زʮϿء¤͡ԭֹʵءֵĳͻʮʼһθһ䡣Ͽء¤͡Ľã˵ʽ뵽ЩطصǼΪĵ֣òɽشΪ֮ˡ֮ٵǧｨأǾһġ顤Ǽеһ£ 
  
Ǽ߮뼽ߣʱΪִΪū֪뼽֮Ҳ飬׷֮Ѩе⡣Ǽ뼽ѨУ˷֮о绢Ϊλ𣬵Բ 
  
֮ڹԪǰǰڡ顷ļ˵²ǼΪū൱пķȺǡ־־ػ£   
Ԫ꣬ػͨΪԳ׳ΪࡣðͿΪءֲǿʵ֮   
ԪΪԪǰһꡣ൱ǿʵԿʵߵİ취һüԭƱطǨ㡣   
֮ư֣ǧٰʷϵһζصǼشѹȡ   
ء֮ʣ巢仯ūǿϱǨصǼתūūۣūΪˣ˵ĺһܴвءУνҸصǼв档кۿͨūұۣˮԼĿԸūصǼĽͨһϵдʩ顤Ǽһ֣򵥶Ҫ˵ءصǼĶ 
  
ؼȼ£ʹ񽫱Եأ֣ȴڵңԽ֮Ǽ϶ȡںˣūðٱǿƶϣǼģع㾳ȴūǼ˶ȺңĿͨţǼʹϱýءͤݳǧ 
  
֮ȴūǼʷϵڶζصǼشѹȡ   
ԹԪǰ𵽹ԪǰڶͣصǼܾءпѹȣɢڹԼء¤Ը٣޿̣жǼ֮ң϶ʮʼƽԪ꣨Ԫһ꣩ǼGӦʱΪסGƣ 
  
ƶ䣬ӽڣ·ۣࡢ롢ءԴӺ֮ƣҲӡϿѸ㣬ظΣСԭǧūǼءΪӸҷв£粻ת̴󡣡Ǽʮ꣬öʮڡ֮ĩ꣬ðʮڡѺˣ̲ﾡ 
  
԰꣨Ԫһһ꣩ǼԪԪ꣬ʱʮꡣ۽Ԫ꣨Ԫһ꣩GֶǼ궫Ǽƽնǧ༶ţ⡢¿ʮǧͷвӸҷȻȥء¤֮صǼܵҲͲСˡ 
  
Ǽ֮ʮ꣬ͳۡ˵"㣬񡢺ԡκͻأּڡ"ʱصǼ񼰺ߡڴ˺ʮصǼ֮£ʷģȻԿݵʱص֮񣬿ءÿصǼһδصǼһδǨơص߶ּʷ¼ѡ 
  
ܡ֮ʣصǼ˾¤ɽɽ֮Уˮһνݻ¤ݵĵطΪġд¤ɽС¤ɽд¤棬ؼǡ˵"Żأ֪߼Խ"Ž֪жʫ˶ھŻص¤࣬Թʫ䡣¤ɽԼ¤ŻؼΪصǼһʱˮçΪ֣ʱΪ֮һɼ͡κԺݣͳ¤ϰˮ䶼ƽصָԡ䶼Ϊص۾֮ԺֳΪݢڡؼ䶼ص岿˧ڣںУԪͳӳأκԺ彥ǿΪ¤֮䣬ĩʼ˥΢ 
  
ŴˮĴ·࣬Ϊţػʱ֮·Ԫ㺺ɶһΪײֹص֣ССϲ̨ڹ㺺ɶ䶼ƽʱ˰Ϯȡ˵͡㺺ǰϣܻڳɶܹŴ۾ˮ䶼¤ɽɽеصǼ壬½Ĵд²ЩϵĹŴԿصǼǨĺۼ 
  
ײֹص¤أʱ¡ǿϿظ¤δġƽϵأκΪˮΪ¤þ¤;¤أƴо¤塣¤¤¤ɽйءΪס¤ɽص塢ǼǨЩطԢȡ¤¤־ȥһʷʵ¤ʶŶ¤ɽĻ¤˴¤Żصκ֮Ծ¤ΪˮΪ¤ɽйص֤ݡ¤о¤ɽӦΪͬһԴ 
  
Գɶẽɽأڴ¡ɽ忪ʱտΪأԪ꣨Ԫһ꣩ڻΪɽآڡ¡ɽ¡ǣʵ¤ɽ¤ǡɽ˳ẽɳΪ˱Ϊ΃k˱ءԺĴ϶ȡڴˡʱͨߵԼ塢ʱʯŵָĴ˱ͨһʱΪῤῤͳкضءز֪ںδڽأۺԭΪˮ䶼ıơĴͨ϶Ĵϳص塢Ǽ۾ӵˮ䶼йصĵֻ¤¤ۣͬĽͣȻ˵ͨġ 
        
51ڣ گʷϵ(2)         
¤ɽɽеص塢Ǽ壬ءŴѹȣ½ײ֡ţƽĴ˳ɶƽԭһ֧ẽ£ߵ϶ڽˮһ;ĵǨ·ǺġصǼԺ󣬸ĳΪ࣬಻ͬѡ㻿κԡ˵ص"صŰص"ܡص֮ںǼǼ֮ƣ֮Ϊص壬֮ΪǼ壬Դˡϵ˸ΪˮΪɼ򣬢ҲȻˡҲΪ֮ҲԴصǼйء""""ͬν"ǳ絹Ի"٣ֻһѵĸ֮ǣΪҪ 
  
˵صǼɽɽẽ½϶Ϊһ֧ݵõظ׷ǨʷһصǼɽɽ߽ڣϣסڽܵһ֧Ϊگһ֧Ǩе㲻ͬ 
  
ݡʷǡдļأԪǰڶǰֲǣҹΪԵԱggȽȽǰЩ嶼صһࣻɢɽɽɳϰͨʼԪ꣨Ԫǰһһһ꣩ΪԽQgΪ迤ȽΪɽ㺺Ϊ䶼ԽQ൱ھԶ迤൱ھݾɽ൱ھïݼӹɽݡֶ䶼ڡءԺ󿪱ϣڰ͡񣬼ɽɽԶһطǰ͡һ嶷Ҳ־־˵ǡ˾Ϊؾ༰̫ڰ¹ɽ¹֪Ϊεأɽأ·Ҳɽ¡ԽϹŴʷϻӽưһʷӵΪǡ˾ĺˣϱԽϱ׹ںһ 
  
ءԸڰ͡νˣֶ쳣пġսİJЧں"ำۣ"ںĩŴѱ䣬ʱг̰˵ú 
  
Jɱ׻֮Ϊˡڱսҹˣ޶ġͤأ۹ū²мӣԾԩݿزΪͨͥԶšԹ죬ߵȣำۣ̣壬ıԺţͼ졣ѡأȻҲ 
  
ɽɽԶİ͡طء֮߱£صǼԼJһ壬粻Ч֮Ѱ·ֻJͬˣڼҵ嶷ûе·ġ͡ءֳƶҲԡ 
  
ɽɽͲͬˡһľ񣬾ݡʷǡĴͣҪ壬аصǼڡʱͨߵԺȻЩطΪʱֻʮ꣬ˣˣĿ١ڴԼƽԽʱ򣬲ſʼӪģԽQ衢ɽ䶼ĿЩصĽǺܲġǰ˵ʱʮʼƽĶǼ֮ңǶһ¡ԪԺ׵۽ʮ꣨Ԫ꣩ʮ䶫ǼԼĵңʮңƽÿԼһΡʮ֮Уν䶼ɽ衢ԽQԼķѵ¼͡顷顷͡ĴʱοɿĶԣʮΣƽÿʮıرһαҡ񰲵Ԫ꣨Ԫһһ꣩һΣ"ƻʮأɱع԰գίǧ"ۡЩط·Զָȣתѣ¼ߣ֮"Ȳ߼Ϊë֮أ֮ʥй"ٵۡʱ"¶벻ë"ҲֻЩطȡߣԸ顤Ǽ˵Ǽ߮뼽ĺˣ 
        
52ڣ گʷϵ(3)         
Ϊ뼽ʱ׹¹֮μף̼֡η֮˸ϣ֧ǧǼԶֱͨΪ֣֮Ϊţ֣ԽQǼҲΪ֣㺺ǼҲΪ֣䶼ǼҲ̼вȢ޸Ϊ֣ʮΪʮ֣Ǽ֮ʢӴӡʼʱΪ£У˵ԷϢ 
  
׹λʱΪԪǰ--꣬Ǿ˵ڹԪǰԺǼ߮뼽ĺ𽥷ֲ㺺䶼ԽQһɽһֱɳϡ顷˵ţԽQǼνǼǼǼҲӦ߮뼽ĺˡ롶ʷǡ˵gȽ"صҲ"Ļ޳ͻŴ˵㺺䶼İ֣֮ΪصǼصǼá˵ص࣬ҲӦǼڡԹԪǰԪʮҶһʼձһֺǿƣ֮ƶɽɽԶļҡӵصǼԭƣۼһԿ顷ǵɽԴһμͽɳƣ 
  
ˮԴ̨ɽQݣŵ棬붫ˮϣŵˮҲԴެнڶȱν֮ŵӽɲ䡣ֶѰ䣬ĥЩϡԴެнڶţʯ£ν֮ţӡŪӴĥЩ䣬ν֮ĥЩѰ붫ˮϡͬˮ¶ˮŪǱν֮򡣡ֶݽ磬ΪὭֳ⽭ 
  
˵Ľɳ;Լ˱ẽϵΡŵˮ༴ɽˮϲƺΪnaƴˮΪibiɽƺΪnoƴˮΪyeeνˮŵˮԼŵӽǹŴڽɳһֳƺ"""ŵ"Լŵӽno-yeeĶŵӽ֮ظ룬ڵͼϵĲһޡŴɳĥЩ徳ڳΪĥЩ徳ֳΪˮŵˮŵӽ弴Ǻˮ"""ŵ"Լ""֣һ֮תָһˮڹŽݺˮĿϷ硣ܴصǼȥͣҲ˷硣¶񺺣ˮ֮ڡɽΪص塢ǼӴ˵ǧ޴仯ԵƳȻˣǰľɳơ 
  
־ݡκ顤־κ̫ƽ꣨ԪĶ꣩ݺءˮ߿ۣ"Ϊ"֮衣κõأ佨鲻ö֪֮ϱӦϢϢصΣǿ֪ġ 
  
¾ʹ˵˵ص塢ǼԼگĹϵ   
ڴ˵ֻ¤;¡£Խ͡Ѿ˵Ϊص塢Ǽԭ¤ɽΪסģ¤ɽԼ¤ŻؼΪǵһһ۶¤ͷˮ¤ľŻأҲʤԹ֮顣ɽɽвŴˡg˷ֽ֮ɽϣҲƵĹ¡顤־㺺ξϵkߣע־Ի 
  
գг˶֮ѣĸ֮ϳɡɽgg˽ҲۣɽϡĽᣬ纮вˡ 
  
ĹǺģΪТ˵Ϊ߲Ǹ߲գĪΪ͵ӡԼ顤𴫡         
53ڣ گʷϵ(4)         
ǨݴʷаΪݴʷв棬̾Ի"壬κ˴գ"ԲȥΪʷ棬Ի"˷ηа"Ի"ǡ"߳ԦԻ"֮ΪТӣΪҳ" 
  
ľ¤ŻأɽҲǡˡg˼صǼ֮ӦòżȻϡһµĺ棬һǨƵʷʵڡ   
˵һ˵¡Ĺ¡¡ǰĵĹ£ڡ顤Ĵ־١顷Σ   
иɳҼɽˮУľиУʮ£ʮˡľΪˮϡɳҼԻ"ΪӣϤڣ"ӼߣСӲȥ֮ĸνΪţνΪ¡Ի¡󳤴Ծ¡Ϊ¶㣬칲Ϊ 
  
"񡢸ж"ͬһԭʼĸ񻰡ѳľȵص°ȥ¡±ֻ˵һϵ¤ɽ¡߾¤Ҳ뺺֮кڡӶȿͬһ壬޺ε֮ 
  
ԼگԴصǼ壬ϷҲԵõ֤صǼвͬģ䲻ͬں֮ǳǼƣ   
޶ԸĸΪֺš   
ǼȻ޶ȻԸĸΪֺţǻϵģһΪʽϰˡصΣԼκԡκԡִƣ   
صӡﲻйͬǼӺͬգй֮ӡ֪ййӹҲԻص   
ص뺺ӣ˵ҲЧˣкʽϡصܺĻĳ̶ȱǼҪһЩǼһЩԳǼıʾͻ޼ܾҦҪһ顤޼ؼǡʹƣ 
  
󴫹ڼԻ"ɴ߷Ϊݡ"_Ŀ֮߳Ի"СǼ˸ҸɱӣԴǼҲͼγݣǼ"   
صޣ޺顢޼ȣڡѵȣصȣȣĺ壬ţص루ȣҲųƴաסγ֮Ϊݺ壬صǼ޼ᡢҦˣΪҲص塣ޡš롢ԼԡǺաǼϲص庺֮Ҧ߮١Ҧ塢Ҧɡڡ׶ءˣȡҦסΪգ崲ǼͲһΪˡԽQ˧и߶Ԫ֮ҲǼ֮кߡٱȽǼ֮ص֮顤Ǽ͡κԡִļ൱ȷġһ¹ŴϰΡ 
  
顷˵ϵм         
54ڣ گʷϵ(5)         
ԽһگҲкѰ󣬰ҲԪͨگ֮ޣ塣   
ҲϡԪگƽҲģ   
ԱӶҲգ԰壩   
ݡμڶȶӢҲʾӷĹϡ   
ĶӢ顷û˵ǷֱԪ롷ţʮŻƣ   
󽫾~ڶȶ澩ˣ᧡ԡԭڶȼУ״ƣκĩûΪ˧볯ϴʷ󽫾ӹ⡢ΡӢӹ̫䳤̫䡣Ӣʸ쿤Ӫݱʹ 
  
롷һֲ׶ġ¿ԽΪӢκûĶ֮νκָ֪ǲκΪԪκ֮۲κԪκҲ֮¡ǡΪ˼ƽΪˡνûԼƣԼڸᣬϮúգʸһ֧گͳһگ࣬ԴģǨߴʮ򻧣طิ١Ԫʷ־گᴨ£ԼΣ 
  
· 
·ιʹǣŻᴨҲ챦ĩûگûᴨϸĻͬ棬šԡܡߡΡΡաʮڴˣΪӽݳǡ 
  
šԡصգҲǰ壬ʮһİӢԼĶ˼ƽҲӦǰ༴ص塣   
ڡ顷ᵽкյֻ   
ҡǼʢϤˡ ģ   
Ҳ ģ   
ƴϰкտɿߴʮգȴȿصǼΡ   
ʴӵϣӴ˵ϣԼϣ֤گʷϵĶگصǼ塣ֱ˵ص壬ԼگǼ壻گΪΪǼ壬˹ϣϣĶϣйĸϣǰΪص塣 
  
顷ʯ·¬¹䣬ڶԪʷҲ˵䶨·¹Ϊ¬¹䣬Ԫڽ·ο˾˹¬¹ΪگȴǷֵúģͬΪܻΪһ̸ 
        
55ڣ گʦص塢ϵԼެйصļĽ(1)         
 گʦص塢ϵԼެйصļĽ   
گǼ壬صǼԭĹϵ൱УگĻ֮صɷ֣ǺȻġͬʱگͬެҲܣĻͬެĻگӰҲڲȫ̸ֻۣһ̸ 
  
گĻһȽϷѽ⣬گ٣Ԫǰ"δ֪ӣΪʦ"¡ƵԪʮ꣨Ԫ߾꣩ڶʹΤѲٴʱϣگĲѰˣެ顷д˴ζ˵ġġƣ 
  
ԪʮμҺ˷ԽռîگĲѰƽٴ뽣ڶʹѲٴʱɽ졢ءˮ٣£ܴͬ뽵٣Ϊ֤ݡһ뽣ϽڶףһңһͶӣһĲѰگڸ⣬ݽάɽͬϿҡ 
  
ԡ͵ƽ֮ʣԪһ߶--һ̫꣩ƽ嶷׵Σ   
ƽףжŽǣޡ׽䷨Ϊ̫ƽΪ嶷׵̫ƽʦ־ŽΪף̲ߵͷ˼Էˮ֮òǳƴŵΪŵ޷ͬʩңʹߴ˼ʹΪơǧģʹϰΪΪΪ뵻뵻֮鲡˵֮⣬ͨһ֮죬ɽϣһ֮أһ֮ˮν֮顣ʹ߼ҳ嶷ΪʺԻ嶷ʦ 
  
ĲѰġʼ"ˮ"ĩ"һ"ǡԡ"һ֮ɽ""һͶ"ǡԡ"һ֮ˮ""һĲѰگڸ⣬ݽ"ǡԡ"һ֮"ĺԵ鷽ʽگڽȷȻΪ嶷׵Ǻ޿ɵġŴ֮Ԫ־ԡƣ 
  
信飬н˱⡣ƣǲ־ѧƣ֪֮ϡҳո󣬷ʡگĿΪ𡣢   
ͨ־Ҳ˵־ɣ   
־ˣ̫ͼɶѧ֮˶ϰ֮   
گɷӵţ̫ڵţʱ൱|txtС˵|̫꣬گܳɶʱѧѧɶ־ƣһִ˵һ˵Ҳ޸̸֮ΤگͨԺگǲӵΪڸޣ֮ڳɶǲѧ־ɵĴ˵ԼġԪ֮ϽʼԪʷƣ 
  
δ֪ӣΪʦ׽ѧᣬȰʿӵѧʿ֮ӭΪʦʱͲϰãԱӡ   
֮ʦңʥ֮ƣʦˡʦ嶷׵չԺơ嶷׵گӶ֮   
گ֮ŷʦΪԭصǼıǰصںĩŷ³Ĺʦ˷ΪͶ"ӭΪ֮"˼ӷΪشʦɽʦνӡڽص޼ΪǼҦɱ顤ҦؼǡһκȤĹ£ 
  
糤֧ƣ߼޼Ὣʹ߹ͻӪСɾ빬ӭɴ̹νԻìѪʯࡣ延£컼ס 
  
صԼǼҦӦöʦģҦμ޼ʹߺ͹"빬"ΪصǼŷʦǨ·Ҳ洦ʦĺۼ硶־Ϊ¾һӣ 
  
꣬ʷFΪԹʼþһһͷ񡣹ʽࡣɥ߲ղΡΪʦԻơĸ֮ɥø鲡תңش͹ڣԳʦͽǧFΪТ𼰼Ԭ캵ȣ䴫ᡣзߣٶǧʯͿ̫Ϊƶȣٻ 
  
ǧʯ̫Ҳʦ㲻СˡΪصǼϵ·һҪص㡣顷ϵϱ··Ϊʯ·Խ˱ȡͨһ·ϪԽɺ¹ɳϵһ·ǣ 
  
ھų³磬֮Ҳɽа·䣬³߳룬붫б䣬¬¹䡣ĥֵ䣬˵ȲԶҲдټҶټңССһʹףơ 
  
СԼһʹף˵һŷҲʦ顷ᵽ·ϵ˲䣺   
ʮ˲䣬γ山ǧһհֹգ̨м䣬ҲԪڶʹΤʹQݴʷɱγ壬 
  
·˲Ĵͱ·ĴСһԲڽ̽ʦ֯ҲΪϡ   
ԺĩΣ¤֮صǼϵگʹʦʦصǼԼگĹڽܵӰ죬вܾ½ۡʦԴʵпɡȥΪʦԴйϵȻʦʦŵѧĺɽڽẽؾڡΪɽüɽ¡ɽصǼ徭֮ŵںɽѧѧĵصǼڽԴΪ˼룬Եԡӡ֮ǧġΪʦ˼ԭصǼ壬ۡ޼ᡢҦԼگȻӷ磬֮ɡگ֮ỵ̂Ǻ£뱾ԭʼ޷ 
        
56ڣ گʦص塢ϵԼެйصļĽ(2)         
˵گʦĹϵΣگϵǼ壬ȻĻȴŨصӰ졣گڵĿسΪǲ١챦ʮأԪһ꣩Эگ޷ĲѰƽͨʹگתΣΪĶμκǰμκ򹦸ҹǵʱϷƴԼެϾᵽ١گ»ִ汮ҹǵһ»ѰʴϹŽʯ¼أǿʶԼʮжΡԡոռĸšոʮһΪࡢϡơʢ顢ʯڡաֻһбȫòšԡΡȻǺ֮ڡ顷¼گڼʢ֮ʱ͢ϵԻ£ϵ߾ҪλصϵӰڴ˿ɼһߡ 
  
顤گƣƣ   
ԻԻԻԱԻԻԱ⣬ԹҲ   
»ҲдƣǽƽٵһֹٽסһҲڡ顤޼ؼǡ   
ʯĩӴΪƽ࣬ΪɱҺ˼ΪɣԱŲͬأ뻹ݡ֮ƽˣȱǽԳ֮ƽΪѣʾ塣 
  
˴һǿ⡣گһ٣ԭصеһֳƺΪگ֮گΪص޼گ֮ƣԽĽݳ壬ԳگԻصĻǼ壬گƶȶƾǲΪگگ˵گگڰΪ塣 
  
顤ġĩᵽԻ   
һԻ֣ΪҶܺҲྩʦǧRʪ˶p˱GͻͬˮĴɽȡսʤ򡣢 
  
Ϊڽ϶Զڡ顷˵һ˱Gͻͬ˵ϵͻʡگһȴƺͻйء顷ᵽеĻ֣ 
  
ν֮ܡޡ   
˵   
ƽ£Ϥ壬׺ƤΪܡ   
ƺǳƻΪˡȻ׺Ƥ顷ķףҲ˵   
ɫϺдýг⹦ȫƤιǰ䣬Դιǰ䱳ν֮ƤԻƤνԻڡ 
  
ݴֳƻΪޡG¡ǻؽگʫ£   
گʮʮν֮ǻؽգڱ̨ܷƽٸʫʫԻ"ܷƲ̨ĿԽڹ֮ҲչȻ¡ҾνΪ𵩣ˣҡĺмǻؽڡԪνԻԪνԻơͬһģ￰ʡ"ƽνʳΪƽ١Ի"ݱǻأޚᡣ޻ҲҰҲҴҰѺϣů÷ȿٵǢٵҲŪԸʣǧ̨" 
  
Ҳ˵گƻΪޡԡ顷ĲܣģӦޡֲܵ۹󣬱ڽհܶ໥ϲƻΪlaڲɽzlɽsoû޵ġֻάгƻΪyolbarspars벨Ƚһ仰˵ǳƻΪޣȽϽӽڱϵرͻϵ뺺ϵϵԶһ㡣Ȼܾݴ˿֤Ͷ϶Լگδǰ뱱ϵεĹϵȽһ⣬ѧҺоʷרҲο 
  
گĻԴǺܸӵġȥŨصĻɷ֣вܼ¶ıϵӰ⣬ĵȻҪĻӺ䡢ТһֱگʱõķչϵƶԼѧ棬뺺ĻзֲĹϵӦרΪ֮ڱƪ֮ڡ̸ֻһ̸گĻެĹϵһԸࡣ 
  
گެƵΪSa-ThamʱĥסڽڣһΪ̽ΪSa-ThamĶɴһ£ɼگެϵ֮ˡ챦ʮԺ󣬸޷ͶެӵķţߵĹϵΪУȱһֹ֮ȡެƶȡگƾ߼¡顷͡顤еġگӡگ»ѫ׿кЩǡ顷͡顷صġ˴󶼴һָнʯ֣ͭÿִָСƣֳ֣ƴȴ⣬дƤ顷йʼƤνйӦָ书ԡǰΪȸƤگƶȡڶػǧ𶴿ެʱıڻϹ磨CָŴǧţPָϣţߣڶŮһƣ 
  
ެιݶֲܲξƤ֮ŮӱãܣһĹ   
νƤƣެҲƶȡگЩֺܿǸ޷ͶެԺ󣬴ެѧġӶػǧУҿԿ֪ެƶȣͬƳҲеĹϵ 
        
57ڣ گʷϵʷ(1)         
 گʷϵʷ   
ϵڶ֤Ҫ˼˵㣺   
һ巽棬˵νԼگϵصǼẽ϶صǼ壻گǾסɽɽ𽥽ϻڴΧصǼ塣 
  
Ļ棬˵ʦصǼԼگĹϵصӰگĻеĵλگĻެӰ졣گеıϵɷֻ֣⣬¶ 
  
˵ӺһֱԪ۳ϵӦϵصǼ塣ĻۣصǼߣܺĻӰҲȽ顤ȽĴ˵"ɽǼصв䣬֪"˴֪֮飬δΪ֪飬ָı顣Ҳδ˵ġǼصκԡִָԶص塣ϸУϵصĸ壬൱ߵĻӽ֣ϲҲֲഫִƳӿص֣֮ҲǺܿܵġŴϳصĴϣһϵͳȻʷ˵Ⱦʹ˵Գ 
  
оگʷȻԴͬʷϡһǺʷϣִз¡顷顤Ԭ̡ϼǡΤݡмǡ衶ϱ¼򯡶گ¼¬Я״⻹Τޡ״ԣϱ¼顤ۺ֮ɣ˾⡶ͨ졷Ҳ֮˵ϡ̫ƽԬ̡Τ֮ԿšٵڶǴӵرνģʷϡ紫Ϊŵڵġǹŵ˵Ԫ־ԡǡگԴҪԪگҰʷɹһȥ 
  
ڶʷϿǡΪڡǡĺ˵ʷԴ         
58ڣ گʷϵʷ(2)         
"ӤͶᣬɡ֮ڡͼҲ伮ھɼңС׹ͨԪ־Ãkģڽ̣Ϊɾɶ߸Ǿӡ"   

ݴˣǡ݃kġ׹ͨԪ־Ϊ֮תдɵġ݃kдйʷ飬ǡ⣬ж˰ġй־¶μǡᵽ롶׹ͨԪ־£סᵽġй־ 
  
ԽϹȺѨУÿںͣ壵çС˿ʯΪ޹ΪȳɪãֱϱԻߡϲþأνطᣬ޼򣬸ҲЯֱһĴӡȻηˣȥĬһԢʮ꣬ͨʶkģӡй־˰״ꡣڴϼ䳭ϧҴұܾ¼ԭΪޡ 
  
ġй־Լдǡݵġ׹ͨԪ־ăkԭڶʧˡġʷ߼Ҫ˼׹ͨһλѧԨѧߣͬʱҲǰǶڡ׹ͨԪ־й־֮飬ΪɡһĶǰʯùŴϲ޸ĹĹǰбЩʱΪ硣ĹҲᵽ׹ͨԼʷ֮򡶰׹ͨʵ飬׫һʮഫʷ念ʱġ׹ɡڡ׹ͨһ飬г˷̴˵񻰡 
  
⻹Ҳɹڶ͵ʷ֮ڡһΪگͼഫΪگ˴˶꣨ڹ⻯꣬Ԫ˾ž꣩گȯˬڵͼɮлϸū޹¡ĩ"ʮڸ¶ʮճ"ǣԭѹձһ˽ղءڶΪʢ꣨ڼ꣬Ԫһġ꣩蹤ʤ»ͼΪʵŻż˲ʮԭرʹԺǡگͼ˵ΪگʷʷϿҶڡگͼΪɡ˵˶꣬ʵʥ棬ʵΪֺ֣ţüگڹ⻯꣨Ԫšֵ꣩ڶʤ»ʮ֣ͣ˵дگͼΪʱǰȫ˱⡣ԡͼֻǴʱĻ̫ܿ硣 
  
һ͵ʷϣƳʹԼߵĹĿʶѯѷõĲϱɡڶ͵ʷϣϹŴʷ˵Է͸ıɡڶʷϺ͵һʷϱȽϣһĲ֮ͬ㣬ǣڶʷϵĸһΪگ֮ǰߣϽųϹӹ׹ֽʼѷλϸūޣگϸǼ̳а׹֮ͳšɶõĴ˵̵񻰣ӡگڡگҰʷ׹ɡһഫȻɣǵһ͵ʷûᵽġ 
  
Ƚڶʷеļ͵һ͵ʷȽоӶһƲʷϵĿɿԾô̶ȡ   
Ҫ̸ľǰӹ߰׹⡣ӹ⣬ڵڶ͵ʷﶼᵽ˵¡ϰʹʮvǣ񺺽꣨Ԫ꣩ɱӺ]ԺvΪӺ]ͳϣΪ֮ʼ˽׹֮ʮֽƷΪ󽫾̫꣨Ԫֽ꣩λگϸūޣگ׹϶ˣԻǰӹϼ򵥵ʷ 
        
59ڣ گʷϵʷ(3)         
ʷϾûһ۾İİӹأӵһ͵ʷϿӺƼϵĹŴ̿ԶԲ޴˹ԡʷǡĴ顤ϹŴʷֻ˵ĳĳشʲĳҹԴĵҹɣ಻ˣδ˵ͳİӹᵽдգҲաʱһЩ壬ͣūʱӹĹ֯ʷǡļأȽǽʵ¼ 
  
ִŴʯ̣ԺġТ袱СⱮ౦ӱձƴġ»󱮡ЩҲӹйص˿ۼǡ»ᵽƽگ࣬ڰӹȴһ֡ 
  
ЩΣܹ֮żȻ©뵽϶ͨ½Ҧϡأϵ൱ġнİͳİӹںʷȫʧء 
    
顷گеԽگһλ   
ԽһگҲν֮ĥЩگڱӣԽҲȥҴɽһճ̡кѰ󣬰ҲԪͨگ֮ޣ塣ϽڶѲҦݣʹѰɱ֮䲿䣬Եزگ 
  
ѰֺֽѰƵԪʱˣ봫˵еֽʱаʮꡣѰԽگһ壬ִ˵ԽگһҲֽֽͬܿһ˵еＴǴѰӰģʵˡްӹֽˣšɶõĹȻҲܿʷʵˡ 
  
Ϊگ̹ϵ⡣ݵڶ͵ʷϣگеĹϵگͼĩƣ   
Ρɽȯˬڵ꣺Ρɽ򡷡ӡȼǲʷͼʥ̳֮ԭͼţ󡣳ڵȽࡣ 
  
ʥָǷ̡ͼ׻ϸūʢ֮λڼ˻ع֮ͼɮڼǣϸūĹ¡گҰʷ롶ͼͬͼƸݡϹʷΡɽ򡷡ǡӼǡ顣ǹŵ˵ԼگҰʷ˵ӹϡگϾΪðˡ念ʱġ׹ɡΪڼǵɮǹĻݳɲ񻰡 
  
گ̵ͬĹϵڶʷ˵֮顷˵ܲͨ꣨Ԫ꣩گ԰ϣкɮڰ޳跨ǬԪ꣨Ԫ꣩Ϊڶʹگиǲʹگ֮ỵ̂ʵڳڿֲˡ޷ʱġ»Ȼ̵Ӱ죬Ԫʮ꣬ĲѰʱˣֻϴ٣֤ӡگỵ̂ʼڹԪھԺȻˣٵδԪǰ֮ȻڵУ̲δȡѹһеơʹлگڼĹ£ȻںرǷ˵ĸᡣʤ»ֻ֮綫ɽʦ̩Լ·徵һõ֤ 
  
ӹšյãԼگ֮Щϵ񻰣Ǻ˽Ŀ¥󡣽Щ˵ʱگϼͳԺҪĴ˵ڻûзֺܺõĿԽʹµĲϡµĽֻһּƲ⡣ 
        
60ڣ گʷϵʷ(4)         
ϵΪҹˡ˼ƽ֮𣬶ԼѾһƪ񻰣˼ƽ֮ĸľ˼ƽͰĵľ¡һޡ˼ƽ죬ǲᱻ˻ɵˡǶΪǰϡҲǰǰگ֮ͳ˼ƽгľڶϷ棬رڰ巽ǽˡν֮⣬Ӷָʹ⣿گʮ꣬޷ϸ֮䣬ҹǸ޷ƽ٣ЩʷʵݷϡһڰʹİӹɰӹһʹʮֽϵگϸūõĹ¡ԭǰģøڰջ£˳ˣڵԼ֮⣬ӭжˡνϹʷΡɽ򡷣ӡȼǣһ״˵زģ׹ͨԪ־һ״˵ۺ 
  
ϵĽȻһ裬һƲ⣬ҲһȽϺļƲ⡣صܺĻӰ챾ϻѡʿԪ꡶мǡƣ   
Ȼ˰֮ȥΪ׶иƶзá˲׳ֲ顣һ֮ի伸룬ƣիѡʦɮӣȻ顣϶ϹѡʿԳ˱򲻶 
  
Ҳγȡ顣֮磬Ӱ쵽˳ˣԴ˵֮вٵ֮˵   
оگʷگʷʷϵԴͱȷʶȷжϡ   
ʷоһڶҳһ--ţһ³档         
61ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(1)         
5׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼   
Ӣ˹̹Sir M.A.SteinȥĶػ;ӣʮղ׶صĲе߲ԺBritish 
MuseumкдԼǧӡԼʮġͻĵдԼپľӡȲIndia 
Officeͼݡһһ£ڲе߲ԺĶػ;ӡΪС˹ʿDr.Livnel 
Gilesѣһ֮䣬ĺĺͻľӣһپңӡȲصĶػдľӣһڵȪȥһ飬˲٣ģҪĲֶ汱ͼࣨʱ廪ѧҲһݣ׶أ汱ͼݲһЩЩƬȻڱͼݡҿʱÿһдпƬϱšơ̡ǰĩСʱƬҲ¼ϵһЩⲢдһĿ¼ڱƽͼݡͼ鼾µһҳ--һţһʮ³档׶ضػ;ӣǰһ֣ʾ˹̹ƷĿ¼Ѿʡȥֻٺ롣ĿעĿΪִһšëʫ֣㡷һʾ˾ʮһС 
  
׶ضػ;ӣǰҪȥ൱ѵġе߲Ժضػ;ȫ΢ƬmicrofilmۣϣõĽڱͿԿһƬ"ػѧ"Լʷ֮ѧߣһϲϢһһʮﲹǡ 
  
* * *   
һ ëʫ֣㡷һ   
һ 㾭ˣ   
 ̫϶鱦Ʒһһ   
ֽ"ס"ȡ   
 ӵ¾壩   
 ڷʳƱݣһ   
ֽ³޵뺡   
 ϻ澭Ʒڶʮ   
߰ ʧ飨ͱ𡢿ΡټֵܡТТУ   
ֽ빷ǣ   
߾ ʧ飨ޡޡСŮС긾СŮһ   
ˡ Ҫʮţ   
ֽɣ   
 󴫶עĹʮʮ꣨һ   
 Ե¶꡶עաѧѧʿԷ룬ӵܵĽ飬һ   
ֽģһһߣ   
һ 鱦Nһһţ   
ֽбۡһ죬룬   
һ ʮ¶ػ߲Ｎ   
ֽͣδϤţ   
һ 󴫶ע幫ʮ꣨һߣ   
ֽ1С˵һһߣ2˵𣩡   
һ ëʫٷѵһһ   
һ 顷   
ֽͿ壩   
һ˾ ӵ¾һһ   
ֽ顶ʮƷƷ   
һ Ե鷶ʦ뺣ߣ   
 νǡһ   
 ¼ǡһ   
һ Ӹ壩   
ֽ˾תͨ   
 ˾ɾԪ꾭д   
 עաһˣ   
ֽԵǡȣ   
 ʳˣˣ   
Ű ̫鱦ʬһһ   
 𾭣δϤ壩   
һ Ԩ侭նƷߣ   
 С˵   
 Ǿ   
ֽͿǡ   
һ Ǿһ   
ֽͿǡ   
 ˣһ   
ֽشڶʮţ   
 ɳݵ־ԪŴд   
һ Բţ   
߶ 綡סˣһһ߰ΪͬѶΪ   
 ʵ۹δʫĶ   
 縱ʹӵ뺣һģ   
߰ 綡סˣһ ߶   
 ·һţ   
˰ Ҫ¼Ѽ˾֪׫ˣ   
˾ ݷ״Ķ   
ֽʮТ£ˣ   
 ʧмǣһ   
ġ ۡһţ   
Ķ ʳˣһţ   
Ķ ̫ʹҵţ   
 ˳ӼӶһ壩   
 ӵ¾Ϲ¾䡷İˣ   
İ˶ ԪϾȼѾƷһһߣ   
ľŰ 裨ߣ   
һ ʮĸһһ   
һ ھҪܲ򡷳ھȡҪʮºϳһġһ   
ֽɳݶػȪ˺ʵ   
һ 뷹ڶ뺣һţ         
62ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(2)         
ֽģһ   
 ·ȵһţ   
 ǡһһţ   
 飨һ   
 ԵŮ   
 ݿԪɮ뺣ߣ   
ֽʧмǣǶɽȣһһ   
һ 𾭣δϤһ壩   
ֽëʫѵпҶ£ţ   
    
ֽ1ġ2ģˡ𣩣3άġģ4ģһ   
 ʧ飨һ   
ֽɮ뺣һ𣩡   
 հܶľ衷ģ   
ֽʮĿ   
 ʧ飨һˣ   
ֽѡʫģ   
 ֣ע桶Сѧ   
һ 1¼һߣ   
2ӼʱҪҼǧԶǲһһ   
ֽʧ飨ˣ   
һ ι̹˾̨ٱա̫ƽ˹꡶Ӧעաһߣ   
ֽȣһһ   
һ Ķ   
ֽ𾭾ͣδϤģ   
һ ԰Ḯһһ   
һ ϻ澭Ʒʮţһ壩   
ֽɣ߾ţ   
һ Ҫ֡һ   
һ ̼⡷ھţһ   
һ ʷʫϲһһ   
ֽ1Ȫʹžʹӯ״2״3Уʫ4ټҡ𡷡   
 飨һˣ   
ֽԾһס   
һ ⡷   
Ŷ ظ갲ʢд߾ţ   
ߡ Ҫѵһ갲ĵд   
ֽĩвƬʮһΣת֮ɾ   
ߡ ТͬԪдĶ   
ֽͿ"ɾ"֡   
һ ¾һţ   
ֽ"¾"֣   
߶ Тٲдߣ   
ֽͿǡ   
 ̼⡷߾ţ   
ֽͿ"ϴ"֡   
 Ǿľţ   
ֽ̫ƽ˹մȡ   
߰ ־ʫߣ   
ֽͿǡ   
߰˶ ̼⡷һ   
߰ ˵뾭һһߣ   
߰ 顷žţ   
ֽ"ɲԪ"֡   
߰˰ ѡʫһߣ   
ֽɳͼһˣ   
߰˾ ëʫѵһģһģ   
߾Ŷ ӡģһ   
߾ ˵ÿྭһİˣ   
߾ ϻ澭lƷʮעߣ   
ֽСΣġ𣩡   
߾ 侭飬һ   
ֽ遖壩   
߾Ű ӵ¾ϾΣһ   
߾ž Ŷ顷桶̩ġɡһģ   
ֽ"н"   
ˡ ̼⡷ģһ   
ֽʮճëţ   
ˡһ Ŷ顷桶ӡ         
63ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(3)         
ˡ ʧ壩   
һ ̫ƽš̫л澭   
һһ 飨һ   
һ 飨   
ֽ""֡   
 Ԩ侭Ľһš   
ֽ1ɸģ2ʫһһ3˳壩   
 ̫Ͼ𹂶İ   
 壨Ƭߣ   
Ű δϤġ   
һ δϤһ   
һġ Ǿ壩   
ֽ"ʮһĪ"һС   
һ ԰߸һߡ   
һһĶ 촺   
һһ Ժ״   
ֽ꼾ģģ   
һһ ɳɢתһ   
һһ ̫ҽ̡壩   
ֽͿǡ   
һһ Ѿһ壩   
һ δϤˣ   
һ ̩ʮһ¶ʮհɲ   
һһ 1̫ҽ̡   
2ūݣһ   
һ 챦ʷź   
һ ͷģ   
ֽϡˣ   
һ ţ   
ֽ1Ħʲͨġţ2׫޶޷šһˣ   
һ άĦ͡ǰС򳭣˰ˣ   
һ ʮɮ⾵ţ   
һһ ̫ɹʾϣһ   
һ ˶   
ֽ˵Ե壩   
һ δϤ   
һˡ Ӧ   
һһ Т츣飬žţ   
ֽת಻ģǡ   
һ ˵־һ壩   
һŶ י顷   
һ 顷дʮʮ˲о壩   
ֽģţ   
һŰ ̫ƽ˹¶ʮմȻչɵ   
ֽˣһˣ   
һġ ס¿֣һ壩   
һһ 衷ϣ壩   
һ 𾭣δϤһģ   
ֽӼһߣ   
һ ġߣڰˣʮһһţ   
ֽ飨һ˶   
һġ εģʮ󳼡ʮģʹʮ壬Oϳʮһ壩   
һһ ҽڳߡ   
ֽ1°ĵȣ2ҥӡʮףʮף   
һĶ ëʫѵʮ壨˾ţ   
ֽ𾭣δϤ飬һһ   
һ 󴫶ע   
ֽ󴫶עҹʮʮʮ꣨ߣ   
һ ҩ   
ֽҩţ   
һ 飨߰ˣ   
һ ̫ƽ˹꡶עաĴ׫һһ   
ֽġ   
һһ ʮϣһģ   
ֽԵڹ͡һ𣩣2ᾭһ3ᾭۡ죬壩4άĦ͡ǰС򳭣ߣ   
һһ ɮʤ         
64ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(4)         
ֽһ   
һ ͥĪ߿߱壩   
ֽģһţ   
һ ػ͹ʥ뷣ţ   
һ ̼⡷ڶţ   
ֽͿǡ   
һ˰ ̾ʫ   
ֽ̾ʫǰ壩   
һ ϻ澭Ʒʮעġ   
ֽбۡ룬   
һ 츴ɳݽڶʹ¶ɮͳ壩   
һ ̫һڶ˹˵ͽȰϾ   
һһ ԸתĿ¼һ   
ֽĿԼǰ   
һ 츣ڵƳˣˣ   
ֽͼκԵ   
һ 𾭣δϤһ壩   
ֽʮʱˣͿѻС   
һ Ʒߣ   
ֽӥʫףһ壩   
һ߶ 1԰߸һһ   
2ëʫڬѵ桶Ϲڬѵһһ   
һ߶ ¶ǡһˣ   
ֽǡһ   
һ ˣ   
ֽˣһģ   
һ 츣귨Ƕһ齻壩   
ֽͷʦ̣һߣ   
һ Եһ齻   
ֽܱ𴫡   
һһ ҽڳ£һ   
һ ӻһʿּͬһţ   
һ˰ˡ ְ   
ֽۣ̾δϤһ   
һ˰˾ ػͷϼҴߣ   
һ˾һ Ӽʮ   
һ˾ ػͿš׹֣һˣ   
һš ̫϶鱦һȰ䷨һģ   
һŶ ׫¡߶   
һ 󴫶עѹʮʮ꣨һ   
һ ʮһʮպԸʤһˣ   
һ ״ţ   
һ    
ľ ëʫѵʮʮ   
ֽʫѡ𣩡   
 ¼סһһ壩   
 顷ʮˡ֮   
ֽ1ϣһˡ𣩣2𡷣   
 ϡګԼһ壩   
ֽ1ϡ棬ģ2Mģˣ   
 Сͷǣһһ   
ֽ߳Ⱥվġ˶   
 ע   
һ ϡԭšһ   
߶ ǡ   
 Ŷϴ桶֮෽һ   
һ ̫鱦ӻһţ   
һ ɳˮ뺣һˣ   
һ άĦǡԪдһˣ   
һ ̫桤˵Ʒڶʮһ   
һ 츴ʮɳնӯֵ˷ָҵ   
һž Ψ飨һ   
 1ТӶ   
2̫ޡţ         
65ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(5)         
3ĸޡ   
4ʮȰء   
һ ˼塷򣨣壩   
һ Ķˣ   
 飨һ   
ֽ飨һ   
ġ 1ϱլ״һ   
2ˮµȲ뺣Σ   
Ķ תһ   
 ӵ¾һģ   
ֽбۡһ룬һ   
 ӱ仯һһ   
ֽĺȣģ   
 һߣ   
ġ עաԷ׫   
 ҷ飨δϤһһ   
ֽɣģ   
ľ дֽˣ   
ֽдֽˣ棬ţ   
 𾭣֪ξͣһ   
 1٤۷żǡʮʮ   
2άĦ衷ߣ   
ֽ̨飨   
߰ ѦŰ״ͷ   
 ͳϣһߣ   
˰ ʧ飨߰ˡ߾Ϊͬһ飬ͱ𣬿Σ٣ˣ   
š עһˣ   
ֽٹ뺣ģ   
 ʮʮһŽƷˡ   
ֽɳͼ   
 衷һžţ   
ֽͨͶ뺣ߣ   
 ѡš   
ֽˡ   
һ δϤģ   
 İˣ   
ֽǹģģ   
ߡ հܾ⴫£һĶ   
ֽ衷£һ壩   
߾ 1һˣ   
2ʮʱ   
3ɮϹУ   
˰ 𾭣δϤ   
 Ͼ衷   
ߡ 衷ϣˣ   
ֽ1ӳģ2˵У鹦¾ľţ3˵Ůʮһٰ޹˾һߣ   
ߡ ʧ   
һ ־ʫһ̩귺д   
һ ۣ̾δϤ   
ֽ1Ըģߣ2Ӣ壨һˣ   
߶һ 𾭣δϤһһţ   
ֽ۹͡   
߶ ռһ   
ֽ1¡ʮʹϤŵӿ2ëʫ   
 άĦǡģͳϮдš   
ֽɳ꼿׫˰ٷۿһ   
 ϣˣ   
һ ʮǡİһ   
 ķˣ   
˾ ľ䱾衷һߣ   
ֽ˾תתȣģ   
һ ն¡ߣ   
Ŷ 󸳡һף˾ţ   
 ƪ   
һ ת塷ȣģ   
 ıʫһģ   
ֽҵԵȣһţ   
 ¡ڶʹ裨ߣ         
66ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(6)         
ֽܽġ   
Ű 󴫶עѹʮ꣨һԭһһţ   
ֽ"߾һ"֡   
žž ̫ϵͨ΢ʮԪʿдߣ   
 δϤ   
ֽ   
һһ ̼⡷ߣΪΣˣ   
һ ̫Ԫʮһģ   
ֽĺִڿࡢᣬһ𣩡   
İ 궫򼮣һ   
ֽ򼮣棬   
һ ̫϶鱦Ԫ׾   
һ ̫һʾڶ壩   
 1Ůʡˣ   
2󸳡һף   
ֽʧ飨ѥũβŴݲϲβɫǰ뵱Ӵˣģ   
 1ǧġ   
2ʮԸ㡷   
3淨ʦȰġϹУ   
ֽˣ   
 ռ   
 ëʫڬѵʮһʮС޼㣬ģ   
ֽʯ״ȣ   
 ֣㡷һţ   
ֽһˣ   
 󴫶ע  ꣨һˣ   
ֽеĵȣһߣ   
ߡ δϤţ   
    
ֽ𾭣δϤ   
ˡ ̫鱦ϴԡľһ   
˾ Ԩ侭ģһ壩   
Ŷ 챦ʮز   
 ־ʫһŰˣ   
ֽȥˣ   
 1ҩһ   
2飨һһģһξţ   
ž Ǿţ   
 һо塷ģģ   
 衷ϣдŶˣ   
ľһ ׫¡һ   
ֽƵ󹬲Ů⹩Ե䡷ⲻӦ   
 δϤһţ   
 ̫һʾڶԪдһ   
һ ͨҪߣߣ   
 ѡھţһ   
һ תȣͿƬΣˣ   
߶ 鱦Nڽ̾ڰˣһ߶   
߶ ˾ˣ   
ֽ1ڻʵʤʦ쿪Ԫ¡һ壩2ƿԪ¼Ͼˣ3ѹġѺģ   
 ̫ϕN   
 δϤԲȣţ   
ֽУѱ档   
 ٷ˵ʱǰ飬һ   
߾ һĿţ   
˶ ᾭ߶   
ֽ1עТ岢עһһţ2ģģ3飨4ʧģһһ   
һ ̫һʾڶһ   
 1̫ҽ̡   
2ǧġľţ   
3   
ֽĵȣߣ   
 Nȣģ         
67ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(7)         
 1Ǭŷ뺣ˣ   
2􁖾δϤһģ   
ֽ棨2һС   
 飨ͼ   
ֽ1Ǭƪ2Ůʡһߣ   
߾ Ӧⶼɮͳ뺣   
ֽȣ壩   
˰ˡ Ԫ๫׫ʫ飬ģ   
ֽ"˳Ԫʮһʮһ"ʮ֡   
š 󸳡ľšһһ壩   
ֽϸ̡двǣ   
Ŷ ӵ¾ºϹ¾䡷һ   
һ ëʫѵ桶ĩء£ߣ   
Ű 걨򼮣һ   
žŶ ̼⡷ˣ   
ž Тһߣ   
ġ ˣߣ   
ֽˡ   
ġ δϤдΣһ   
һһ 򳭣һģ   
һ Ӻһհյ˻ܶᣨһһ   
һ 1顷ˣ   
2ʮʱ   
3ϷѵŮġһ   
ֽͿ"ѧ"   
һ߶ Ԫﻧ   
ֽʮвǡ   
һ ˵Եˣ   
ֽʧ飨𣩡   
Ķ ̫ƽڶߣ   
Ķ һ   
Ķһ ̩뷹ڶʹ뺣һ   
 ¼ϸ̡һһţ   
 żҽ̡桶¡ڰˣŮ¡ھţ¡ʮֽ¡ʮһƶ¡ʮߣ   
ֽҩİˣ   
 δϤ   
 ӡȪӡСףһһ   
ֽɮѧ־ݡ   
һ ӳ   
ֽάĦƽ壨Ƽ棬һߣ   
 ͷθ״һ   
ֽݶͷθ״   
 츣뷹ڶʹ뺣   
 ʣޣ壩   
ֽԸģһһ   
 ӳ   
Ű 츣ʮ²Ԫɰ״   
ֽħ䣨һ   
 ע   
ֽķСһ   
 Ըµȡһ   
ֽˣ壩   
 µӦ˾Ͳȼˣ   
 ¹ڶʹʹ޵뺣һ   
߶ ԵԪƱʫģ壩   
ֽʮһ¶ʮ¸ʾ   
ľһ Ķ   
 ľ䱾衷˾ĵһ飬һģ   
ֽ1ʮԸ2̨̨ɽʥޡ3ػ4ת   
һ ʮ侭Űˣ   
һ άĦڵġ   
ֽһ״   
 Ըˣ壩   
 ˼ҲĿ̫ƽ˹꣬һ   
ֽ飨   
һ ־߾ţ   
ֽ1˹ģľţ2龭ģˣ   
һ ִ춹ˣ   
 Ѧڭ˼ӥ⡷֣ˣ         
68ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(8)         
ֽʫ֡   
 ֵתһģ   
ֽˣһ壩   
 ״һһ   
 ɡ   
ֽģ   
 ūӼ飨һ   
˾ ԵԪ깦˾Ը״ˣ   
 ̼⡷һ   
ߡ йɮ־ݣ   
ֽλ鰸ģ   
ߡ ֽ   
ߡ һ   
ֽǧģж   
 ʥ^Ƶ뺣һ   
һ Ǿһһһ   
߰˶ ǬԪ˾ʦǫ뺣ߡ   
İ˰ δѺǷߣ   
ֽһ壩   
ľšһ 󸳡šּͬһߣ   
ֽ顶ϸ̡ȡ   
ľ δϤ   
ֽģ   
    
һ Ҫһһģ   
̵ֽ뺣𣩡   
 Լǡȣһ߰ˣ   
 ˵Ԫǹоڶһţ   
һ ׫Ԫʼ顷ƪģ   
ġ Ѧӿ״ߣ   
ֽԸģһ   
ġ ɮͽתһģ   
һ Ҫѵһһġ   
 䡷һ   
 ġţ   
ġ ġһ   
һ 1ġһ   
2־ʫУ壩   
İ 1ػ¼һ߾ţ   
2ӯޡ   
 ǧġ壩   
һ ǧעװһҶ   
 ־ʫߣ   
 ظһ壩   
 ظһһ   
߰ ĵ桶ʥġװ²ݣ   
 ؿǡһˣ   
ֽչȣģ   
һ Ůʡģ   
 ǰ̫Ӵ壩   
ľ ƪһһ   
 Ʒڶʮ壨һ߰ˣ   
ֽӡϡɱʶ   
 лر״˶   
 徭һһţ   
߰ ˵ȣţ   
Ŷ ǧġһ   
 k𡷾һһİˣ   
 󴫶ע꣨ˣ   
ֽĳʦ״һ   
 Ŷ顷桶֮һ壩   
ֽԸģһ   
 ػͿ   
 ػͿĳҼİˣ   
 ʧ飨Ͻزȥߣ   
ֽǾߡ𣩡   
һ ڷȣ˾ţ   
ֽĳɮĵȣһ𣩡   
 תȣ   
 Ǿһͬһģ   
 顶顷һףһ   
 ģ   
 Ǿ   
ֽ1ġȫߣ2˵޳ȫ3ٰ˵̽侭һŽ̾ȫһ  
       
69ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(9)         
 ӹי顷ȫһ   
һһ ǧġһţ   
ֽвǡ   
һ 츣ʮ裨壩   
߶ ̼⡷桶絳ʮߣ   
һ ʱҪ´ģţ   
ֽǬ¬뺣ߣ   
 ʮ¶ʮնʦԸͨסһһ   
 Тޡ   
ֽ飨ģ   
һ \䡷ˣ   
 󴫶עʮ꣨һһ   
 Ŷ顷桶ӡһ   
 츴ڶż粮ģˣ   
ֽһ   
 ֳ}μǰ˵ȣ   
 ¼žһһ   
 ӳһһ񳭡һߣ   
 桶絳һţ   
 ֲƬ   
ֽ棨   
 ۡдΣһģ   
 ۡģ   
߰ lѡ   
߾ 㾭һ   
߰ˡ ºǧĻʵ۸дǡһ   
߰һ ̼⡷桶ѧһ   
ֽ"֮Ҳ"ǣ壩   
߰ ؿǡƬߣ   
߰ ϰֲзףһ   
ֽ档   
߰˰ ˾תһ壩   
߰˾ ̼⡷桶ʮߣ壩   
߾š ˣģ   
ֽģ   
߾Ŷ ̼⡷桶ұ壨ģ   
߾ ־ʫϲһģ   
һ 뺣ţ   
һ ˾תţ   
һ ǧġһ   
һ ǫù˳ںϢһһ   
˶һ Т   
˶ 뺣   
˶ һģ   
˶ ǧġ壩   
 ˣģ   
 Ӻ裨壩   
 ʧ飨϶бȥˣ   
һ ڴģ   
һ ǧ裨壩   
ľ Ůʡһģ   
һ ºǧġһһ   
 ʧ۱顷һߣ   
һ ʧ   
 ԪҲӹ裨ˣ   
žŶ ׾Ƭߣ   
һ ǰתˣ   
һһ ʧ飨ʮġʮ塢ţʮʮߡءʮˡСʮţ°βȥߣ   
һ Ŷ顷桶ھһ   
ֽ"顷塶顷ʮһ"һС   
һ עТ桶ʥ¡ھţһ   
 ǡ¶˲ȥţ   
 ߣ   
 ˾תţ   
߾ ̼⡷桶絳ʮģ   
һһһ Ϊ꿼»ͼǮȾ״£һ   
ֽ빲и壨һţ   
һ 󴫶עʮ꣨   
һһ ֣ע桶ӺҲߣ¶˲ȥţ   
һ ˣһ   
һ סģΪΣ         
70ڣ׶ضػ;ӾĿ¼(10)         
һ Źгɡͼߣ   
ֽ飨ģ   
һ Тˣ   
һ 㾭   
ֽ1̥ûݷϷ壩2ػإӽˣ3飨һ𣩡   
һ ͭͼ   
һߡ ʧ飨   
һһ ʡһ   
һ ̫ҽ̡   
ֽǧģѧͿѻ飬ϰã   
һ Тһģ   
ֽҩһһ   
һ߰ ̫ƽ˹̫ӹôʦ裨壩   
һ îһՁƳĿ壩   
 ޹±ǡ   
 һװһ   
ֽĩҶֽѦ忡һס   
 Ըġʮȣģ   
ֽ飨һ𣩡   
 ԹŽʱҪ͡¾ڡһ   
ֽ1ʮСһ壩2ͼ𣩡   
һ ʢͳĿˣһߣ   
ֽ棨   
 ӵӿʡһ   
ֽ飨δϤһţ   
 ʫ   
ֽƤ״ȣ𣩡   
 궼Ӫ뺵   
ֽ顣   
    
 ʿ˾壩   
ֽ֣һ𣩡   
 󴫶עѹʮ꣨һ壩   
ֽǾģ   
 顷桶֮ĩ෽ףǸֱһ   
ֽʧ飨   
 ʧһ   
 ͭͼһ˵һ飬ΪΣ   
 Ӹ   
ߡ Ŀġ   
һ ʧ飨д¬żΣˣ   
Ű Ķᣨʵһģ   
ֽؾ򡷡   
 ɮһһ   
 ת   
һ 飨δϤ϶ҷȱ   
 Ǿ   
ֽëʫѵ桶ƺģ   
ľ װҶ   
һ ĵȣˡ   
ֽԸĵȡ   
 ڳһˡ   
ֽӶߣ   
 ӵ¾¾챦ʮдһţ   
 ʮ侭ľţ   
 ƾ衷壩   
 飨δϤ   
ֽ1鷶2̫޵ޡһ𣩣3ݴʡȣһ4֣׫¶ǡһߣ   
 ƪ򾭡һ   
˶ ӵˡ   
ֽ1ɳӳһһ壩2ʵͨƷһپʮߣ˶3ĥۼ̡ڰˡ٤Ϣ4ۡʮһģ5٤ʦۡʮˣģ 
  
һ δϤһһţ   
 ӻڶһּȫͬ壩   
ƽͼݡͼ鼾µһҳ--һţһʮ³档         
71ڣ׶صĶػѧ(1)         
6׶صĶػѧ   
Ϊĳֻᣬе߲Ժضػ;йѧһ֡ĵȻΪ࣬Ҳ޴""׶صĶػ;ӣһ򲻴󹫿ǰ˿ģһƬצҼȻצ֮⣬Ҵ󵨵ؼôһߣ޷ϣģԲһ©ڼ֮࣬żȻԽ˵ֻʰʱѡ 
  
* * *   
ҿĹڶػѧľӣԼʮҡ񽫺һĿں󡣷¼ŵģԭƣΪϵġ   

S4398ֽ ħ䡷һһУ   
S4654 ˴ӱ䡷һУ   
S5437 䡷һʮҶһУ   
S4571 άĦڵģŶιУ   
S1156ֽ 꼾ġһ츣귨ќд   
S2056ֽ ߳Ⱥվġ˶У   
S5439 衷һһҶУ   
S5440 ġһʮҶһУ   
S5441 ׽ġһǳȺվġһʮҶһ̫ƽ˹ūд   
S133 ֽ С˵һһУ   
S328 С˵У   
S778 ־ʫУ   
S2710 ־ʫһ̩귺д   
S3393 ־ʫһŰУ   
S5441 ־ʫУҶмдڡġ֮   
S2947 ƪУ   
S5549 ƪһһУ   
S1588 ̾ʫУ   
S3877ֽ ŮʡһУ   
S5515 ŮʡУ   
S5949 ŮʡһУ   
S4129 顷У   
ʮʱУ   
ϷѵŮġһУ   
S4329 мƴ桶¡ڰˣŮ¡ھţ¡ʮֽ¡ʮһƶ¡ʮ   
S3835 Уһид   
S1339ֽ ϡУ   
S2204 ТӶУ   
̫ޡУ   
ĸޡУ   
ʮȰءУ   
S2679 һУ   
ʮʱУ   
S2922 󸳡һף˾йŰд   
S3227 󸳡һףУ   
S3904 󸳡У   
S4901 󸳡У   
S214 Ӹһйδд   
S6267 ӸУ   
S1163 ̫ҽ̡һи˳д   
S1291 ̫ҽ̡У   
S3835 ̫ҽ̡һУ   
S6173 ̫ҽ̡У   
S4307 ¼ϸ̡һһӺūд   
* * *   
ϼĿԾʹ֮࣬ԽķڿʼΪػѧϣ˼ߣܲƱġϗʫ۵Ŀ䡷Ƴһλ֪ʫ˼ʦСŮתѾ䡷ʫͱĵıԣ硶ħ䡷Ҳ"ΩҴƺʥԪ챦ʥӦʵ۱"ƵԱԴ磬޿ɻɵġ 
        
72ڣ׶صĶػѧ(2)         
׶ءħ䡷ֻдƪʮһУҹ֣صĺá׶رƪƺԲ֣֮ȱ˴ӱ䡷һԭʮƪɣ˴ӱ䡷ֻռһδʮУ³һ㡣Ƕػ׺հ豾ǰȱ׶رȴǰΣ޿У֮ 
  
ڱģ磺Ŀ䡷ġ䡷ġħ䡷˴ӱ䡷Ѿ䡷֮࣬Ϊ֪׶زصġ䡷һǵһοǼǺҹӪĹ£һУȱ䡷׶ᵽ""һǣоĵã޹ϵ׸¼ʾͬãԭвɽߣձֱ¼ 
  
   
ۡ߰Уԭ˼ۣǿײ뽫ʮ£Сʮ£½Ψк߻ʵۣگǰگǰ݃УкꡣνԻ"ʿʹ֮뷣źԹߣξϵף"ҭ䣬ԸףȥʮԶӪȥҹһѾȷʹʷ꣬ȷʹʷӤӪνӤԻ"ӪȴΪӪ"ʱҹԽԣûʵǢνԻ"֮گεҹԽԣ"گ󳼸ǰ"Ī֣һϵףã"Ի"ԵҶɷƵսƵ䣬ҹӪ顣"ʵ࣬մã͵ţָֻ󳼣أĪ֮ԶǡӪӴһתǱ 
  
׶ءĿǬڤĸ䡷ģһûпһ롶ءݲʸԵġɳϡҲӰ֪࣬Բ̸   
* * *   
ػѧһַܡάĦڵµģԴСʼһƽͼݴڶڶʮһֲĲ֮ͬΰҲǱɷ·ϾÿԣĵڶʮԼһȫܼƵ¶ʮԡڵʮңȻáάĦڵһСݵʮʮԵһͨѧйѧʷϵһ漣ƪ´Ǿ䶼֮Ŀ䡷ĵȣöࡣ׶صS.4571һҲеһԭѳɾŶΣȥߡˡοΪ⣬дΣСԡ˾ңονӣȫڵڼö֪һƣӦ""""ʱͣ߷׷ף޶ۣô"" 
  
* * *   
׶ءġһжΪӣΪװСS.5440һԵġػʰ֮Уʰĩе""֣ԭ֡ʰڴƪע"׶ز"ƪĩϰνϵձҰֱϲӷͼ¼ߣϵż 
  
ġ׶ءأԼԴճһȫȫںԳΪģͬĴʻ޹ϵ־㲻ö֪׶زS.5441һǰβһ"Ī˳"ԼִĵˣͳΪ""ˣ 
        
73ڣ׶صĶػѧ(3)         
* * *   
ػѧпԳΪƽС˵·ģS.133ֽϷޣS.328µΪơµһһһУȫƪ𣬳ȥؼҼ޲ɣΪʫϷһʫ⣬ȫβȱĸ޳ѧ𣬵ؼҼޣ޷ΪռɣʱʫϷˣҲТΪֹ 
  
µһԳƽɱݡУΪɱԽ⣬μΪֹСԼǰвȱ񱾴һҡ  
 
µһּȫ¡µһ֮⣬ԸǣɴŮӣŮʳΪ   
ұסأݹɳ̶պױˮϺɻ档ۣͬĺѳǱ΢ԸŬͷ   
µĴǣôͬһֽСйıĿǰΪԭ⡣ԭ֪˹̹ʦүТӵģΪݡ   
* * *     
Ŀԡ־ʫʮʱֹν׻ʫһĶ־ʫǰ֪˲٣ڡġľУƺ̸ƪз֡Űƪɷƪ͡Ů˰ƪƪÿʮԾһס̾ʫһʮһӽһΪֹֻ١̾ʫӽһΪ 
  
һգżǪ̈̄ҹաǲ֪¤ͷɣһգǰ˪ɡǧﲻü̬٣   
Ůʡ¸Ϊʴ֮ǡS.5515һŮӽӽʫʫӽʺʫȥʫȥʫӽ̡ͬȥñʫȥʫʫϷʫͷʫϵָͷʫ֮ࡣٺϷʫΪ 
  
ǳҹꡣͷᣬ졣   
Щط굽ʱ򣬻ӵ·У¼Ļͷ˴󷽵Ĳش𡣺͡Ůʡ龰·ơ   
ư׻ʫĶУԡ顷ΪȤζ顷ǰصġ¸ġдһ๫ʽøǣϧ׶ֻУ   
S.4329һǰȱ֪Ϊѧʿʴ֮ǣ²ȰΪơ١ֽµʮһΪ   
ѧʿʱԻ"Խ̣кܣ"ŴԣȰ򣬷˼چȰζǻʵǿܷ㣬ʤհٺ㡣ʤXʤǿ޲Զ㡣絶Уƽһֶڲ˼ 
  
S.1339ֽСϡУ롶ػ׺һմ²⣬ֻǰ̴ںũüǶԵġ   
* * *   
󸳡һľS.2922һβS.3227ֻУS.4901S.3904ԭһΣǰһ濪ʼУһмСػ׺һա󸳡ֻúΪ˫ԧµһëΪĥΪֹ׶ؽһжڱ߽һΡ򸾵ĹºԼΪУʮǡν˵֮ɡӸдȸڷˣͺõĹ¡׶ءԲȫS.214һУS.6267мһСǾ䣬롶ػ׺հ豾ͬӸĩһǺ׷ȸΪʫһ׼־ȸำʫ֮ƣ 
        
74ڣ׶صĶػѧ(4)         
ͽϣӳһ֦ңԵã׶ر豾ġ׶رء֪   
󸳡롶ӸǶػѧһãȫƪԣһϡΪǷȡǣֱµ壬ȴö֪   
* * *   
̫ҽ̡ĩһͨ飬"̫Ի"ĻͷȡΪĩν"ھӣͯ"ԼΪٵףǴ֮ãԺġıУвٵġҽ̡ԭġػ鷢ҽ̡ԭʽʼΪ֪׶ľ㲻ȫϣкµˣ׶ذػУһ걾ⲻǾʮͼйһ㺣ʱ--˵ʵõĵ¹ҲԴⲿҽ̡ﷴӳ 
  
¼ϸ̡ʣ롶ҽ̡ͬС죬˵ӵĵٵһƪΪ   
Уϸ̡̣ЦѧѰ˼Ҳá   
* * *   
׶ĶػѧݴţϧԼ"ػѧ"רңֻܲʵؼ¼һ㡣ڶػѧۣڻºֶۡ˵˼뷽棬Ȼ̵ܷӰ󣬱ֵŨϾٵġ̾ʫһһȥ죬ѧĲԴأԭԺƴķ£ʵһгǮסϲ顷˵Ϸȶ£ɮӪӪִļ֤С˵ӼҲżһƴԺһΪ"׽"ģΪС"׽"Լ൱δ˵ƽиӷʦΪձɮԲʴʦѧ˷ɡʱͿ֤"׽"""ԼǡĿ䡷һĶػѧԴȻˣֵ˼֮ڷ̣˿Ϊġ 
  
йѧʷΪػͷѧϣйѧݽ㹱סһķ档˵˷Ŀƣν˵ʷ֮ࡣػͷѧΪԷΪߣСĿ䡷䡷ħ䡷ԼάĦڵµĳƪΰʷΪߣС䡷塷ԼµС˵ȡصĴ˵Сߣһ㡣˵˵ķֿƣѾйģȡĲҲԷʷţ޲ʵסΪԺдС˵Ӿ紫ˣԤչһƬĮ治һԺԵʷʵ 
  
ڶǻĴǻռԺѧǾӾ硢棬С˵ԣܱʣΪйѧʷϴһ¼ԪߣȻԭࡣҵǳһԭӦڲһֻдĹߡûдߣǱϷһһ´ģһҪ൱׼ʱڣһռ޵ĹһĹ򡣶ػͷѧϣһεı̫֡͡ҽ̡˵Ȿ㲻ѧƷеԣԼԺϷС˵ߣܿҳٵӰ־ʫҲˡڡĿ䡷֮࣬һ󲿷ֶǵʱճԡΪֵԤѼճͨõĴǻ㣬С˵ϷȡòߣҷԴԴʷ۹⿴ػѧıֵйѧʷݽԣһ׶ҲǱزٵġ 
  
ʮһ¶ʮղӢ   
л־ʮҳһ--һˣһ³档         
75ڣ׶صĶػѧ(5)         
7ߵԭ   
й֮˵ΪʼκǶ֣ӺȻ֮йѾӡԶڳܼʦ˼L֮٣֮衣񡤴١ڲԻ 
  
ʦƽ֮֮֡ƽɢ֣֣ķ֮ɡͣ֡L֮裬֮֮ 
  
ТԻ   
֮Ի֮ԻΣ֮Ի룬֮Իq   
ëɡʫԻ   
֮Ի֮ԻΣ֮Ի룬֮Ի   
ǽԼˣִй֮ɿҲʱգͨʼпѰʱ֮빬ԣޣ年йߣСĦڭա֮Ըʮ˽⡣֮ԭʧʮ˽⣬桶¤ͷءءӡ֮ˡʮȻϱ׳̿ɼ־Ħڭ֮֮ĦڭȻΪMaha֮ùŸʫСĦڭ޶ࡷMah?^bh?^rataĦǡRamayanaƪĦڭաһƬצΪ죣֤񲻾ۡκԽ㣬ִʢǰճɾŲΪסù֣֮ɲ߲ΪʮǼ֣ǳ֮Ҳʱҳ֮࣬˥֪ӡ֣֣֮֮Ϊáʹϳ׹ϱ֮·ߣҲھݡʷ־Ų֮ȲԨ֮ţΪߵ֮ȡĵʮ˵Ϊ֡ĵʮ˵ɣҶ֮硶顷ν֣֮ʮĵ֮ãʳСʳߣơ͢ݴֿԭν֮ԭڹ֮ãҶľʮ˵ߣĪܷ֮ǡܹߵ֮ԭδ֮顤־͹ߵʼĩƣ 
  
ʱйԻţͻʻʺƺá࣬һ֮У֮ƣ"Ϊ֪ഫϰ֡"ߵУڤϷһԻeƽҲԻʶԳҲϿ֤Ϊ֮ԻɳʶֱҲԻɳģӦҲԻɳӦҲԻģҲԻٹţ乬ҲԣȻʹߵ嵩֮ߵԻ֮νҲӦӡ̫ءӡϴɣ޵ 
  
޳顤־֮ģν֮ߵʵӡ֮ڣӡ˹̹ɣHindostani 
Schoolߣ򾹳ڱڣΪһɡøwª֪˵Ƚ顤־ԣбΣ         
76ڣ(1)         
һ   
עһʶĶʷ־ʶ棻eʷ־e   
עֹ֮C˵δܾͬȻԹΪC֮   
ְӡϣSouthern or Carnatic SchoolNorthern or Hindostani 
Schoolڣڲڱ֮ڣʲ֮ۡΪ֤ߵ֮뱱ƣ򾹳ڱȸһΣ   
   
Ϊ֮ʣķֳ˵   
һ غĻӡ֮ϵ   
ʷ־νĵʮ˵ǳŲ֮Ȳơ֮ǡ֧ԻȡҼ֣ǹֹ֮ߵȳڹȲΪĻ֮ҲһʷʵĻʵ˵ӡȡԹĻʷ֮Ρ 
  
غǰȹʷɿʵ١񰴡ء̫ӷ滵ĿԵ棨DharmavardhanaǬԽǣʢʵɱ˳֮࣬ƣ 
  
ϲ컶ɫҮԻ"ʵԡӣλԶ֮ͣ࣬Ī񵱷ִָأȡһ֣һִӡʹҷ泤ٿλ졣ͷӱ٤ǬԽǣأ֣ۣϢӡȡ١ָ뷨档񣬴" 
  
λڹԪǰ߶꣬ʮʮ֮Ҳءǰӡ֮Ѽڹȣ֮Ϊ̫ӷ֮ӡǡʱ̫ӣ壬٣붫֮ڡطʦֱν漴̫֮ӡ֮ءʷAnnals 
of 
Li-yulνһӽ٣ǽĿԵͷΪ֤䡶ǡ롶طʦìܡְʱǲ£ϱ𷨡շ֮Ħµʮ漰ƼɳΨپδ֮Ͼ˵޻ӡȻʯδж࣬ٲԴ²˵ָ֮ʾűӡȾǨתһߡڻ֮νŴഫŹ֮ĻӡԨ֮ơ 
  
غǰ֮ɿֹˡնйͨʱʼйʷ顤򴫡ȹʤˣڴӡϡY߮ɽ⣬ΪʢӡʱɯǿȡūԱʱƸ񣬹īޡξͷȡݺκ֮䣬֮Լǡʷڴڹ֮Ļʲ֮Ȼ֮ؼǼκʱ뾭ɳйȹˡӡĻ޹ϵ֤κ֮ʣ֮ڹȣҲ 
  
ԽĻȻѰ顤Ĵν   
ȹгǹأзǧ   
ʱ뾭󱾣βУйȾʿٹˡӲʬܶޣSrimitraѣ̫λΪɳšǽʱ֮ڹȣҼ塣֤ԡ顷ǧ֮ǣ֮𨡶Ħʲȷ֮¡ԸżؼǼν࣬Σ졣ǡ顷֮ΪӡǶƣʷȣֹڷֺϵδĻȻɳŷ㡢ʡˣ׿ȥ;ȣĪ֪ۡ϶ɣԭţĻԳӡ֮²δ֮ɡ 
  
ʷϣԡ⣬һƬצʷʦкӣһԶ֮Է֮϶Ƿ׹ţǹ֮ĻҲƣ 
        
77ڣ(2)         
֧Իȣȡӡȣиı䡣Ҽ֣ν֣ϷñýǮСͭǮ   
٤ɮͽǧˣϰѧС˽̣˵һвǣȡӡȡϰߣӡон̣ʳ   
·Ҹ񣬸߾ʮߣڴǰһᴦÿʮռ䣬ٹɮͽἯԾʿ񣬷ի䣬ܾƣɮɮ٤ׯϷӨ䱦֮粣ߣν֮񣬶ǧƼʮջգı£üɮȻ᳡ɺ٤أͥԳΣɮͽ£ڷ˵Ȱ޵£ѧ߲ţԶ壬Ľֹ󳼣ʿ˶¹ö־ 
  
ʱȷ֮ʢδ֪֮ǧΪ磬Ȼȫ֮ӡȡӡȣиı֮ԼӡĻڹ֮Ӱ졣غĻʵӡĻ֮࣬ȱĻνߵ˹Ļ֮ʵδΪ֮̽Ҳ 
  
 ƹ֮Ƚ   
ʷʦйȣν"Ҽ֣"йж伿ʢˣ䣬ĺףʱĽСټڽ񣬊ɣ̳ʢǹ֣֮ǧ䣬ϰԾӡȻƾŲйȡö֮ĶͬߡĻԺʼпɿӡġӡмżֶ֮ӡȺӺ֮壬̲Ϯн֮Сƹȡö֣ԼΣ顤־顤־顤־䡷ͨ䡷мԱ¼Σʹ۽ϡ 
  
һ   
顤־ߣСĦС٤СС졷СΡáҡϡѡëԱġ꼹ġġġɹġ¦ġͭΡʮ֣Ϊһʮˡ 
  
顤־ֹ˿ͷ˿ۡ䡢糲FˣĨ糰FƤѥһһһһһһһëԱһ꼹һһһɹһ¦һͭһһëԱĽ 
  
顤־ȼеݡáҡѡϡvġëԱġ꼹ġġ¦ġġġܹġһͭζˡ 
  
䡷ʮ̫ƣԻȼáҡϡѡvһͭġëԱġ꼹ġɹġġġ¦ġһˡ 
  
ͨ䡷һʮķֶ֣ˣӦˣ˿ͷ˿ۡ䡢糲FˣĨ糰F˫ƤѥһһһһһһһһһɹһëԱһ¦һͭһ 
  
   
顤־ߣСɳʯСзáҡѡͭġëԱġ꼹ġͭΡȾ֣Ϊһʮˡ   
顤־ֹ˿ͷࡢFˣ跢ϼġвЬģɮҲͭġɹġëԱġ꼹ġѡáͭΡëԱġ꼹Ľ 
        
78ڣ(3)         
顤־üͭġɹġ꼹ġëԱġvѡáҡһͭ߶ˡ   
䡷ʮ̫ƣԻüáҡѡͭġ꼹ġëԱġһͭһˡ   
ͨ䡷һʮķֹ֣˿ͷࡣFˣ跢ϼģ֮ɮҲвЬɹġëԱġ꼹ġѡááͭࡢ䶼꼹Ľ 
  
Խƹȡö֣ʱȲ֮С졷һδܱ伴Ϊò֮ʱȡöֹͷͬȲĨƤѥѺ֮òЬ֮硣𣬷⣬ȶ֮ǿϡȻһ϶ͬܲͬԭ֮롣޾ƹȡöȽۣνŲ֣֮ʵӡΪ޺Ҳ֮𨡶Ħʲý֮ʢɮʱнϡߣٶľƶѧӡȣʮءĻ֣֮˵̲ڮΪ޻ӡԱ֮ͬΣ 
  
   
ȡöͬ죬֮ϱȻڹһͣͬںףȡ볯ȡ֮ơ   
 ߵ   
֣֣֮֮䵼ԴΪߵȻֹɡ־ĵʮ˵٣ԴߵߣһѡΩ֮ػʯżУeĶɡڰ顤־Сڌ֮Ϊʮƪ𷨣з֮֮ҲϧǾ㲻׿ɹ¼¼⣬ʳ֮ʮ 
  
ɵ¬Ԫôǡʧ޴Ǽøޡ㱦ͷ٤޵ְΪӴʦ 
  
ʳʮ   
ƾŰ¹ɮ١氲ϼɢȼơͷĦڭ涰ӡϤԵ͡ͳȴȴ䡷ɮ֧ôᡷ롷ߡɳʼϤĲᡷˡɳšũ֮ĵ¡ӡʥ롷Ű٤ 
  
֮ʳ𷨣֮ࡣ֮ɵԪƴ֮޿֮ػͷ֮ɿӵʳԽ˫̵Ʒŵ 
  
ӵУչշչ·طҩʦе·ȷ   
ʳУĲ۷ʹ޹ӷʮط   

ԽУ   
˫УĦ   
̵У߾ӷչڷ         
79ڣ(4)         
Уаշ   
Уĵ·   
УǨǷ   
ƷУ󡷡   
ʷ־ڡ顤־ee""""ν󡣶βÿʡ롣ٹʶػͷ֮ӵʷ־֮e֮ƻҪɳe֪֮eɳeӡeΪһ֮ӡְĵӵʳΪ֮Խ˫̵̵̵ҲΩƷ֪Ȼѭ̡㱸ƷΪ֮Ҳ죣νŵϡӡȻΪߵ֮eĶҲɹ¼С޵һΪŲ֮ֶػͷ֮ƷСһ֮롣νҲʡһɼʱò֮൱ھŲ֣Ϊò֧֮ӡɴ˷֤ɼΩĻϮӡȣŲ֮ͬԨԴ֮ߵͨϢΪͷ֤֮ߵ֮ӡȣпͨҲ 
  
ڷ׸ѧ֮ĳѧ۷ƣ"ɹŵĳƽΪŵʢƣʢƽΪ׻ʫơƣֱɵġ"һˣδȻö֤˵ 
  
һƪػͷ¼ϵ֮ģ֪©񼴾ݴ˿֮ŵ̡Ʒ֮ǷڽѶ϶Ȼ֮ϣʱٹƷ̽ʮ˵֮ΪʱѺָ¼ν 
  
̫ڳٰ˿Ϊù̡ǡ𣬲ƽϡȥƽΪ   
ʡ顤־ֻ߹̡ǡĵǶɶȻ塤־嵩ɹ¼νͬԪ֮ʱдֹӣʼΪ嵩ߵ̫ԺʼΪʮ˵ػͷڣ̴֮磬¼Ϊ֮š 
  
׿ɹ¼¼ʳػͷ֮ͬߡӵ֮ȷʳ֮ȴ䡣ʳ֮Ĳʳ֮ϤĲᡣӷ֮Ӵʦʳ֮涰Ӷ֮ĵ·ʳ֮ߡũ֮ĵ¼ɮ֧Ҳɹ¼ƶߣϧƱΪУٹͨˡ֮ƴж꼰꣬ɹԴ״ԪԺ¡ʷ֮Զݺκ֣֮൱ϡɹġһ¼νΪƣδҲ 
  
 ߵӡȱ   
֮ߵԨԴ֮ӡȣʵȻ֮ߵӡȱƣ򾹳ڱߣб˵֮ǰȱˣϣע⼰֮һܷĻ֮Ӱ죬䱾ֻʢڱһĦʲѧãͷӣYԼɳءĦYʦڹȣɲء֪ӡ佻ͨڱνߵӡȱйأڲҲӡȱּӡ˹̹ɡӡ˹̹ͬԴ䷢޴⣬ֵӡ˹̹ΪԺżģ˶֪Ҳ 
        
80ڣ(5)         
ԡǡƣ   
۷УﲻͬȻ˽ϰ   
г۷뱱ļȣȻԴ١ʱλ֮˵ϰӡ֮ʷʦǣ֧ȡӡȣиı֮ɼȳϰ֣ͬϵʿߵ֮ԭǰ˽Բţߵ֮Ͽ֮ɼҲ֪֮ġe뱱Ⱥϣ£ 
  
1ĵ 
ߵ֮עΪһ顤־ν"ԻģҲ"ǰһǣе֮壬Ϊӡ˹̹ߵ֮Pa?kchamaһPa?kcamaһPa?kchamahƵ壬ֵٴȫӦΪĦӡ˹̹AIUߣβʱʡԡǹNirvanaΪSamgh?\r?^maΪɮ٤֮룬ͬӡ˹̹֮Ħ롶顤־֮ģ죬ͬ޹νļĦҲڡʷ־ڰһ棬""""Զתʰޱ𡣶֮CʱΪchPa?kcamaPa?kchamaֿɱΪSAsokaa?soka֮棬ȿӡȻ˵ӦΪҲ 
  
2e 
ְߵ֮һԻeƽҲʷ־eƻҪɳeӡԽ֮Լ顤־֮eΪӡȱ֮ShajaajahajaһҲ֤֮жףڴ˵e^֮顤־ĩ԰֮̿Ϊe롶ƻҪ֮ɳeϡɳeΪe༴eӵʾۣߵ֮e֮e^Ҳңe^һǣΪֵһھߺΣν߱ǡءࡢ֮Ҳ۵һߺΣνΪ֮Ҳܹ֮壬Ϊ֮ף֮Shajaߵ֮eӡβ죬Եڴ֮""""""""֮ʵȻ 
  
3 
顤־ƣ"Ȼʹߵ嵩֮ߵԻ֮νҲӦӡ̫ءӡϴɣ޵"   
ʷ־νĵʮ˵ĵΪeʶɳʶɳĵҲννҲ֮CDEFGABҲԼӿ֮ӡȱ֮th?^tһ֤֮֮ף޺ϵ֮arhatһ֣""ʮ庲޾ף߱B.Karlgranо֮ʮ庲һ֮Ϊ?\mֺ̩֮˵൱Ϊamٶarhat֮Ϊ޺ߣ"֮ͬƽ벻֣hatΪhanTNͬΪͷҲ"ڡ׼ǣth?^tΪ""Ϊ˵ʣΪ""""֮֮aa?^֮𣬺ͬһӦԻǹȻӡΩa 
?^ڭViv?^hahޣVivarahźSub?^huhޣSavarahͬһ""֣a?^ĦڭĦMah?^namahĦڭӣMah?^katy?^yanahĦڭӣMah?^panthakcahĦ³ӣMaludahĦ³ĦMalumahĦ죨Y?^m?^hͬһ"Ħ"֣a?^࣬ʤö١֪׼밢޺֮"" 
thatΪ̵֮Ҳң顤־"ߣνҲ"""е֮壬""ۣ"˳ߣʩԵ"ܣν֮ɫ֮ߵͶӡݽ֮ӡȱ֮th?^tΪУĳʱ֪Ȼ󹬵ֹɫ֮ߵ֮Զһ""֮塣޼ɱ֮Ҳɫߵͣ书ܹɡ֮ӡ֣ӣ˸Ϊơ۶ʮ˵ְʮĵ֮ӡȣѺϡȻth?^t֮Ϊ֮""پһֹ֤ĳӹ֮Ҳ֮ߵ嵩Իeʶȡ֮ӡȱ֮ĳԻĳBhairav 
th?^tK?^f th?^tҲɼ֪֮̴ͬߵ֮Դӡȣ̿ӡ       
  
81ڣ(6)         
ʷ־ν"ĵʮ˵ɣҶ֮Դ"ֿ͢ԭݴ˼Ʋ˵Ȼν˵ʮ˵ΪҪνҶ֮ߣ֮ң֮̽ľҲֳߵѼǰӡС^ӡP?^rij?^taһ飬ν̶֮ʮɣ൱ߣְǹҲν̶֮ʮߣҶ֮Դ֮νҲǹ֮ʷԼ֮ʵΪϡߵ֮Դӡȣֵһ֤ɡ 
  
Իߵϵ಻ɿɢȻݡ顤־ߵֶ֮𣬿ڽգֶԱ֮AΩӡȱ֣֮G顤־֮ͣ߳һνߵ֮ļӡȱߵ֮ģͨ죣ӦԻ˵ߵݡ顤־ͣһڵ֮䣨֮Ϊһڵڰ֮䣨乬߹֮Ϊӡȱe^һΪʼ֮ףSa-grama֮С£ 
  
Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni   
4 3 2 4 4 3 2   
Ga Ni ΪձȶԸʽ£   
   
ǸɵĶ֮֮𣬴ߵ֮ĵ߳ӡȱ֮ĵһҲȻһɣÿ˶ơ߼⣬б߶ 
  
   
ӡȱ֣ⷱʱ졣ӡ߲֪֮֮࣬ʶǳߵ֮ڽeĶϵʶɳʶɳġɳٹȻԱ࣬硲죬Ķ˿֮ߵ뱱֮ԨԴȻ顤־ۣΪڹ֮Ҳ죣©֪⡣ΩѧָԴ֮ߵӡ֮ϵټ־øǳªΪƪٹܣ 
  
ѧ⡷ʮѧҳһ--һŶ³档         
82ڣһ          
8ƴ   
һ    
ʮ죬żȻġ顤־͹ţSuvajivaߵһλ൱йİĵȻһʱΪߵԼǳӡȡݶԭġ󺺶̴ǵ䡷Pa?kcamahһ֣Ϊ壬Ϊ弰Pa?kcamahһΪǰġֵöA.H.Fox-strangwaysH.A.Popleyӡֵ飬ƴʮеԱȽϣҵļиݡѼһЩĲϣۺдһƪߵԭ٣ʮ³ġѧ⡷ʮϣ˵ߵӡȱ֣Hindostanic 
Schoolеһɡʱ֪һλԶԶشϼ˼ڡȡңʮʮеöػͷʱ֮ƶһģ׿ɹ¼⣬֪йķδ˵Щйķں顣ġػʰƪҲȻΪʱûйϸоûнйķѰóҲѭ֮ƴػͷı֮࣬Ϊһ̸ڡߵԭһиۼߵϵʱΪЩģŴߵ֧֮ᡣҰѡػʰյƪķĿй֮ػͷֻһߣԸȫ壬˴ӱʦͼݳöػ;ӱƪڡ֧ѧľŵüľܶػͷĿԵ𡷡ĿǬڤĸġħġһƪ¡֪ػͷıƴͬȴһûӰ͢ҲԼᵽʼ֪νԭʱ𹩷֮Ķػͷ֮ΪΪߣƴķȫֶԼŴߵһϵйϵΪһػͷıģһֶԼԴڡоһѧΪһѧҵĳֽǰ㣬ͷһԾǷııģ߽Ȼͬ˵ͷ¿Գ첻ðдһƪһ湳ƴԴһ۷ıֲͬĶ֮ʧԼǰ֮һҪһ䣺йֵͬĹϵ֪ʶ٣ƴѧҲһλ⺺ͽƾֱУдɴģ©ЦҵĴǲ٣ڴ󷽣ߴͽ̡ 
        
83ڣ          
    
Ҫ۷ȵôǷƴͬǰķ֪˵ûһ״Ҫ˵ôǷֱ޴˵֪ķ޷һЩĿͬ۷֪֮һ㡣 
  
֮ʼڡ顤־־е   
С֡СᡷСڌ   
֮ĩѷ֮ʱԪ֮䣬йָ֮б˷ˡַ֮ϹԵĲֹڌΪȻСȷȷΪ̫𹩷֮ƻҪʮ͡ḮԪ꡷ʮ¼ںʱ񲻿ɿƴ̫ķĿܶ࣬D顷һʮƣ 
  
и裬еʹeԻҲ̵ʳԽ˫ԻҲǵ۵ıԻҲԻGҲƽƷ磬ԻҲ乬ҲָСչշչ·طҩʦе·ȷeҲĲ۷ʹ޹eʮطʳҲԽҲĦ˫Ҳ߾eչڷ̵ҲаշҲĵ·ҲǨǷҲ󡷣ƷҲ 
  
һǶʮȥûз֮ԽƷһжʮ٣ֿͨʮһҲƣڴˡ   
ƴķȻֹˡ׿ɹ¼ĩʮһΪ   
ɵ¬Ԫôǡʧ޴Ǽøޡ㱦ͷ٤޵ִʦ 
  
ơִʦԼǡ顷ʳġӷʱ١ɵ͡ԪԼǵ֮ˡɹ¼лʳһַʮΣ 
  
ƾŰ¹ɮ١氲ϼɢȼơͷĦڭ涰ӡϤԵ͡ͳȴȴ䡷ɮ֧ôᡷ롷ߡɳʼϤĲᡷˡɳšũ֮ĵ¡ӡʥ롷Ű٤ 
  
ʳԭһɹ¼ʳͬ顷еĶ֮硶ɹ¼ġɢԼǡ顷ʳġ涰ӡʳġӷȴ䡷eġȷ롶ߡġϤĲᡷʳġĲɴ˿ͬʳͬΪֻ֮ʳĲϣ֪ıȷ٣Ҳ޴ӶȻˡ 
  
Ƕƴǰķֻ֪ʮͬһЩһֲˡȻνƴǰķôأƾЩĿͬǿһ 
  
ߣйһй֡ݴŶ֮ΪԼΪ֮͢У䡣   
ڷ֮ϵйһйһˣĵڡԭϸĿ֤ڲȥ˵Ҫ֪ľƴͬǰķȫ¡顤־ƣ 
  
䣩ۼƾ𷨣ơա֡󻶡ɵ񡷡ˮϿתʮƪΪ֣𷨡 
  
ͨ־ԡڴʮʮĴ֣ĴΪй֡ӡִйԺ󣬲ġԷʮ֣ϵͳϸͬƴΪ֮½𷨣ں죬ɻΪһ˵üΪ壬޸̸֮Ϊݡ 
        
84ڣ ԭ(1)         
 ԭ   
֪֮ȼڡ顤־ԼڹԪġʹй塤־ԭƣ   
ߣ֮ĩ⡢ѷȾݣΪ֮Ϊغκ̫ƽ֮ν֮֡κ֮ʣν֮   
ּȻǱΪ֮֮ڌһҲйȵӰ죬֮ƴ̫Сȷȷڿɼʵзһ֡νڌ߻ڌֵȴֲҿԴ֮󣬾͵еһۣ 
  
ԴֲǹߵΪĽ档ߵΪӡȱֵ֧ᣬԷԶʵӡȱ֡   
ڷͬӡ֮йϵһСС֤ݣ顷ƴָƷСһһһ֪Ϊ֣deva֮顤־òСȻǡ롣ƴָӡֵĹϵҲ˿Ѱ 
  
ٿ顷ƴй̡ǣ顷ԽǵȻƷһΪǵҲйeƷУȻʳԼҲΪ顤־ߵеļʶ顤־ߵƣ 
  
ʱйԻţͻʻʺƺá࣬һ֮У֮ƣΪ֪ഫϰ֡ߵУڤϷһԻeƽҲԻʶԳǨֿԭΪ֮ҲԻɳʶֱҲԻɳģӦҲԻɳӦҲԻģҲԻٹţ乬Ҳ֣ϰ֮ʼ֮Ȼʹߵ嵩֮ߵԻ֮νҲӦӡ̫ءӡϴɣ޵ 
  
ŵeƻҪɳe顷͡ʷʷeһeĵƻҪ顷͡ʷʶ顷ʳʷʶڡ顷֮֮ɳҲ֮eʳߵ֮eĵʶϤͬơԷ֮ߵʵŶ̫𹩷ʮУɳeСȷ͡ȷ챦ʮأԪ꣩Ĵ˶Ϊ𻪶桷롶𻪶桷̫𹩷ߵΪһϵмз֮ߵ֮ϵ˸Ϊˡٶߵֳӡȱ֣ߵһձ 
  
ߵҵоӡȱ֣Ϊһɣڡߵԭһ˵úϸֻڽߵ˵֮ԨԴӡȣڴ˽ܴٴţҪ֪ϸοԭһġû˵ߵǰȽӡȱһձ 
  
ߵ֮Դӡ֣ʷԣ֤ݣΣ   
һӡȱ֮ͬ ̫ƽʮġ²ʮġ   
ȹŮԼ룻Ψ   
顤Ĵȹ˵"ŮԼ"Ҳ˵ȹǡ֧"ȡӡȣиı䡣νΣϷñ"Ϸ壨Iraniansһϰף˵ԭ塣ٱӡȵˣAryansԭҲ塣ɴ˿ͬӡȾ֮ͬͬˡ 
  
ӡĻȹʷ 
ݹŴ˵ٹȾӡֳ֮أ簢̫ӷ桶ĿԵ˵Թش뷨棬ǡʮǹͬʷAnnals of 
Liyul˵һӽ١һִ˵Ǵ˵ĺȴһǨʷʵڣ֤ܿһ˵֮档ǨһĻĴԽȵķʢҲ¡೬˵"ùȣδ߰ٷ֮һ"ҲΪ"ΨȾʮ֮УƱ֮"ۡڹ֮ӡĻΪΨĴͬһ˵ƣ÷֮ʢԣȥ٣δƥɽǧ𶴵ķڶػ⣬ֱһġԹʷ֮ӡȻȥĦʲľ䣬Ӱй̣ſ֪ 
  
 
ʮУֶԽһձȽϱȽϣͿֻ֪ͬȲϡġġ¦ġݡġġܹģΪòޣòķͭҲΪȲޡΪ֮ףȴͬġ˵ȹ"Ҽ֣"ǴʷϿ죬֪ӡкĹϵԹ֣֮˵ҲӡӰ죬֮ͬӡȶԣ֪D顷һٶʮһʮкͼùһһͼк֮ʿйʷͬӡִȽϣйʷһвٵĹסA.H.Fox-StrangwaysͬH.A.PopleyӡֵҲвٵƬܿо 
  
Ҳ֤ݣ֤ߵ֮Ϊӡȱ֮һɡԼΣ   
һe֮Shadjah 
顤־֮eƻҪɳee֮ΪShajahajah֤ݣһӡ˹̹ĴͬAIU߿ԲҲˡͬһNirvana뺺ΪSamgh?\r?^ma뺺ɮ٤hajahһ뺺ɳeڡ塤־֮eִԼǴԭȫӦe^e""""΢󡣣^Ϊֵһν߱ǡءࡢ֮ҲһνΪ֮Ҳ֮ͬ壬Ϊ֮סҲ֤e֮ΪShaja 
  
ĵ֮Pa?kchama 
塤־˵ĻҲǱڵPa?kchamahPa?kchamaڵpa?kchamaƵ壬ֵ뺺Ħ׼ɮ٤֮Ħʡڰڡʷ棬""""Զתʰ졣 
        
85ڣ ԭ(2)         
ڵth?^t 
˵ڵth?^t֤ݡһ־˵"νҲ"е֮⣬һֵ֮䳤˳ߡԹ֮ǺĹ"ɫ֮ߵͶ"ֵth?^t"ΪУĳʱ֪Ȼ󹬵ֹɫ֮ߵ֮Զһʵ֮""ɱ֮Ҳ"th?^t""Ĺһּth?^t֮뺺ͬʮ庲arhatΪ޺ٱ˵"֮ͬƽ벻֣hatΪhantnͬΪͷҲ"tn֣Զתth?^tΪ""Ȼ""aǶ""?^ǳǹa 
?^֣Եth?^t޲ϡֹ˵ǻӹȵȣ֮ߵ嵩ݡʷ־eʶɳʶȵȡõ˴ͬҲΪĳĳԾϵԣҲͬ 
  
ٸ֤ݿߵ֮ӡȱ֣Ϊһ֮˵ſԳ֮˵Ϊ֮һɶΪߣΪߵеİĵAڵİĵGҪһߵձߵ̴СԼ± 
  
Ga NiΪձӦΪһձձΣ   
ͬ׷֮ߵеİĵȱڵİĵһ˵ߵֻǱеһɡΪӡȱɱⷣ˸ơԼֱһɣƺ˶е㲻ͬ 
  
ԴߵҪ÷ԴܲоߵԴϵͳȴӡȱڣԴȻҲӭжˡ     
    
86ڣ ۶ػͷ֮ıƴ֮ϵ(1)         
 ۶ػͷ֮ıƴ֮ϵ   
һš깩ְӡ֮˹̹M.A.Stein̽й½һ˶ػǧĪ߿ʯҵزأдӡȵȱϯȥԼĪ߰ǧڶ귨ϣͣP.Pelliotˣȡȥǧڹżֲ׶صĲе߲ԺͰĹͼʱʦͼʰ࣬Ҳȡ˰ǧ̸йĻʷģƽ˽ĲϣɽУɽԿһʱйĻͬĻڶػһںϽҪıǷͬѧϵ·ⶼҵģֻܾı֮ͬĹϵ˵һ˵ 
  
ȽܶػͷѧǵģԼҪġػʰѧСҥ衷ٵС֮ࡣҪ˵ľǡʰгΪһණʰķ¼˵ 
  
֣ԺдľڶݡάĦڵֲ֪ξź¼˵ļңһԻС˵ν̷ִֶ֮湫ǲȭᵶϰ̬֮¡˵ν˵顣˵ν˵ʷν˵ǰ˷ս֮¡־¡˵۴˲оǴ˷ƶʢԪԺʼӡ 
  
ڡػͷʱ֮ƶһ˵   
Ҷ϶ػģеķԭ޷֮ڡػʰϱĿΪǺ׵ġ϶ַҲǵ壬ΪӡȾĵãǵ塣 
  
һǣԺ󣬺˵͢żᵽҲûע⡣䲻֪ξݣΪоѧ֮ʢǶػͷЩˣһҲĽܣʱ̸æӹҳһЩйķ֡ʵԣʰնػͷƪĿҳйķȫһֶͬػͷѧţ༰ǰһ֣߲еһͨѧ 
  
֮Ϊһڡʰָ¹ΪļٷѼڶػͷѧһƪר۴ˣҿɲࡣֻҵļдԹοҪ˵ĴԼ㣺һػͷĴĺɢѧ֮ԨԴ䷢Ⱥ󣻣ػͷѧӰ졣 
  
ػͷϵѧ¿ɷֳɴĺɢ֡ǰ硶ʰյġ衷Լе߲ԺġТӶǡ硶ʰյķƪʦͼݲءмġɵġάĦڵ˵ġԼе߲ԺءĿǬڤĸġ֮඼ǡͬĵķֱһ֪Ȼ˾ٳԶǡԾȵԽͱĵԴ壬ǲˡѧŶзѧӰ졣̾硶ޡоһѧԣΪһʫġТӶ衷ǴӡޡһѧݶΪТӶġ÷롶ٵ˵𾭡ʮТ˸һƪТӶ"رԡȥǱ"䣬ǷгǣߵϢڴ˿ɼı֮Լġ·𾭵ãɢļǷеĳУＴǷеʡ 
  
ޡһѧӡǺʢеģ徻ϺĹ鴫ġӽ֮һ˵Asvaghosha   
ǼׯۡS?jtr?\lak?\rus?\straʫBuddhakaritak?\vyaʮʼպ˫һ𷨣ΪʫϺ޲С٣ܶ࣬롣 
  
S?el?\dityaıʣȱʫޣܼټСҲɼӡȵʱݷµӽѧʢ֮һˡʱѧйСоһķ룬ƴıĵɢѧԨԴ 
  
ڶػѧĳ򣬴ԼСάĦڵġȵȴڽԵĶȻСТӶ衷֮ѧҿԾһ֤йӡˢķִͬ￴Ժӡӡȴйûطֽӡ񣬢ٶػͷǧ۷ҲӡӡġӡΪƬķԸԼͨľ硶վ֮࣬ȻΪӰ죬ʼСѧ֡дʺӡˢƷʼɴһתʵã֮ѧ䷢ĳ򣬴Լˡ 
  
һ⣬ػͷЩѧǱУӰ죿һ⣬ǿԴŵ˵һ䣺ػͷѧԼطӰ죬һĴعʮ꣨Ԫ꣩дάĦڵġڶʮԭ֮Ժػ͵Ӧ¡ɼ֮֮ػͷѧ䣬ĴġػʰСҥӡʮףνа˵ա̷ǡֶڡ䡷ǰŷ伯ƣ"Գҥĸ壬ϼ"ػ͵ġҥӡԼŷ˵ˡⶼ֤ػͷѧӰġ 
        
87ڣ ۶ػͷ֮ıƴ֮ϵ(2)         
һ֤֤ػͷѧӰ졣ػͷﻹӡ鼮ŵһҪ㲻е߲Ժͨ꣨Ԫ꣩dվ඼ĩӡΪҲʮľдӶ࣬ӡȴȿɼԽػͿ֮δʢһʱڣй£ȴ˾ռߣƺ䶼ӡУͷ硶ƪʮ봫һӡǧĴĩ´ңɳݶȻԸڶػ߲٣ĻҲ֮ػ챶ͨԸʿԢĻʴ̬֮ѧܱ֮Ӱ죬ԿɲԶˡ 
  
 
ƪ֮͸һһ۷ģΪΪʱĺ֮һ֣ΪΪ롶֮ಢ޴ΪߣϵԭΪ̷֮ϵԷдơ顤־˵Сڌ˵Ϊ˵ͨǳˡڌ֮Ϊ⣬û֮Ϊġǿ˵硶ڌ֮ΪģǷΪȴö֪֮ΪȻǶԵģΪйȻдǡ˵ԷҲһֽͣǰԷĺܶ࣬ò֮ɳʯ֮ΪƺԷдġ֮Ĳ̫ȱˣǻб²Ϸſ˵ΪȷĻֻǿ˵Ƿȴ˵ˡͬµĶ壬ǿԲ治ϵġĺ⣬ԶѵõĲ٣лһˡġʮҹϺ 
  
С˵±ڶʮʮҳһ߾--һ˰ˣһŶʮ³档         
88ڣһ          
9ƴ׽   
ĳྩѧʮڡӢ²ϣýɸдһһġ   
һ    
Ҷ˹̹M.A.SteinְӡȽһȷػʯҲ飬ض顣ϣͣP.Pelliotŷȥһ֡ѧʼʰ࣬˹鱱ƽ˹̹ӹдԼԼǧӢе߲ԺBritish 
Museum١ϣԼǧطͼݣBibliotheque 
Nationale١ҹòԼǧڽƽͼأΪдҲ˽ղأĿ¼ʴȷö֪ԼƵǧػʯҲڶң滭֮࣬вҲ 
  
ʯҲΪдԼӰٷ֮һд֮ʱԹԪʮͣꡣʽӣװСᡣ   
̡ͬĪ֥д˵ġľҶһʱ˵߱Ϊš۽ػʯҲƾдĪӴ΢ĩӡʯԷΪ࣬Ĳิ١ʮԴ˶²֮ʷ֤֮ڽʷ֮оͻʡʱΪ֮شһ"ػѧ"֮ǡţ֮ڣѧ߿ԸƪܾҲ 
  
ʯҲУһͨѧƷɢġġѺġԵ𣬲һ㣻ܷ𾭣ʷν"˱̬¶"ΪƷԡΨ֮־ڻףĴǱٵּǳԡػѧ֮ڴƷ⣻оͨѧֶ֮ǣ߾δΪҲΪػʹԳ¼ƴ׽ڴһ⣬Բĩ顣Զ֤࣬ǰ˵ʧߡдһԾе۶ٹžӡ 
        
89ڣ ƴԺ֮׽         
 ƴԺ֮׽   
𨡶ɮʮʮԻ   
ݴɮ԰˿ƳɴȴѰڵΪĩ׿ɳ磬ʼӴ˶ʮ   
ת£ҹ̣ġǾԻΪҲת֮ƣδ˥ʦ߼ɮУ˶ػͨѧƷСʮʱ̫ʮʱ̫ת̫ɽ޵ޡޡޡȣƽ֮СⷡΪ鳱ʹ֮ɳСϺڶȹתʮʱʮס١ָʫʮ֪ӾתԷƣ 
  
ת̵֪СӾǡתǳǰҲ   
תڡ͸衷Ϊܱ̾ҹܡɮת֮⣬ܶӡȻʱԺһ"׽"ิ˵ΪУɮδ¼۾һʷʵߣδ⼰ˡʱмͼ׽֮ģԹ乣Ρ 
  
׽֮ˣʼںʱö֪мͼ׽֣ʱνߣΪγʽ֮ޡޡ塶ǡƽƣ   
ڲ۶άĦ䣬ǶתϥԪĩ׽ɮװ֮ʼӡ   
"Ƕתϥ"һ⣬ж֮Զǡ»ƣ   
ڲ⻭䶫תĿˡʦ˲ɫӡ   
ӣ磬ԲϿ֤"תϥ"ޡˣѧԭ˵ۮ񱾣ʮο¹šǡ"Ƕת""ϥ"""֮""֣ν"ս"֮""ͬ壬Ψ÷ȴԲ޿ҲԪĩ׽֮ɮˣ˲ʼԪͿ֪ձɮԲƣСס׽䡶Ѳмǡżʹƣ 
  
¾ʱϿˣ糯ǣڵ¥ţĿΪԪꡣҽ¿׽Ĵʥ£ƻ´ϴºʦϾɮ¼̽۴ݴ鷨ʦиڹ̽۴߷ʦӰʦҽڹ̽۴Ӵӷʦ׽˷ʦΪһ³縣½ʦδ뷿̣´ӽϵ̫幬ڹ۽ϻȾҽһδԷ뷽̫;Ͻ¿ʮʮհաһ¿׽ 
  
һա¿׽   
·뷿׽ָ   
"̫;Ͻ¿"һָ׽ԣжϣءںԷϽм䣬֪񰴡̫ƽǡ¬˵ƣ 
  
ƴСܡʱʦΪڴ£һյ֮ʰԺмҾ߱ʦϲΪӡ   
ʱ׽һ֮ӷʦʱҲԭU¼Ľǲ༰£ƣ   
ɮߣΪ̸˵оۣ޷֮¡֮ͽתȷ޷ұ˵ᣬհΪС̷Ϊmգͽ֪Ծͱ֮ӹɮϵʹ̨ʡأʿÿΪ¹ڹڳšɮǰȱڱߵӡ 
  
֮׽̫֮;Ͻ֮㣬ɹϵҲ   
ڡӡһ֮Դ¬˵νΪƣΰڡָ¼ӡƣ   
׽ɮ𳩣жˡֹ׷׫   
Ϊϵֹ׷׫ɴ˵δ֪ǡΨָ¼Լ¬˵֮ӷʦ롶¼֮ɮ¼ͬӵ֮󣻡ޡ¼֮磬롶¬˵ָ¼֮Ӹһˣоƣָ׽Ҳ 
  
Ǯסϲ顷ƣ   
Ϸ༯ڴȶСμ١ὲʢڱƣ¾֮ʿ֮ˡ   
˴ٴȶ١ơ£ȫڳǶνҲԭ£ƽ꣬ʼƣٹǮԺ¡ὲһǣɮʷԡὲƣ 
  
ϵ̫쳽꣬ܰΪɳʱͨάĦܴζһѧʦڣ֮˵ܰΪʼҲ   
νὲߣָ֮ԡȻڻĩƣΪɮ¶£ʡϲ顷"ὲʢڱ"һ⡣סһ¶ԣν"ὲ"ƣϵ"׽"һ֮ 
  
Բͳ׽ӷʦʱ֮Ҽع֮㾪죺Ԫĩס£׽ɮƵʱ˸£ͨƾڼ͡ʱΪڴ£㣬ɡ֮ʣָسԲʱȻִ"׽"ţΪһˡ峯ʮ꣬ţδ顣¼ν"ᣬհΪ"Բν"׽˷ʦΪһ"ƣԿɼʵ㵹֮˵׽һƣԼ֮δڡɮ¼ν"ͽ֪Ծͱ֮"ʵҲ 
  
ͨƼ͡ڼ͡༰£ƣ   
¼î˸¹ɳ׽ʡעϽ˵̸У׽ֲݿ֮壬ͽʩѡ   
Ժ롶¼һ϶֮׽ּȻӡ   
ԲʡѲмǡһƣ   
л׷ʦ뱾ɽ̻ʦͬҲ˵޳տ֮еŮӣ׷ʦҲɼȣΪд£ģΪʦΪߣƫ࣬ɴ£Ϊ׼Ҳ 
  
ӵ໯׷ʦ֮ħ㵹ףΪҲɮ¡ͱҴҵƣ   
ÿʹˣʣĪȪʯʼظѿ֮ҲعδԣƱûšƵ;ᣬ޳նᣬչ鳤šƣʱġĪⷢ£˼ó죬书ɡ 
  
Ϊ죡׽֮볪䱾ּʵ;ͬ飬ʵ߶         
90ڣ ׽֮ʽ         
 ׽֮ʽ   
ԺжʽԪաķ³ʳּǡ͵ƪƣ   
ҹͨҹϾ裬ʿྲڽľ¯˵ȣ˵ۻֹ編Ӧ˵вϼ֮˵򣬰˸£ǡɮƣ"ɮÿغƣ֪񷲷⡣˵ߣʦδר˹壬ǣʩϲ"ӼڣΪʮʱʽ 
  
ߣ𨡶ɮʦƪν"޷ڹ֮Ϊ"ҲЭгɷҹΪ   
ԪʽƱʮɲꡣձɮԲڿƣɽĵأסɽԺԤ֮ᡣ䡶мǡͳɽԺɮʽƣ 
  
ʱ򽲾ӣ֮ᣬãӡʦãǸ䣬ͬ̾һޣʦƷͣʱһɮһƷ磬ƺڴ˾һӡԸ΢ܾ䣬ͬƣ㶨̡ʦĿ㿪⣬ֱšĿάʦڸǰ֮ɣʩʩɫ״ת뽲ʦʦβһһʩԸԸ۶˾ʡ֮䣬ʦβˣβ֮лʱ뱾ͬʽԱ𣬲£нǰָ_ˣںʦѣ𲻷ѡˣ̸ͬ̾лʡʦһɮʣƱʦ̣һɮˣʦͬù鷿иʦһˣڸϣ̸ʦ䡣ʦˣˣʦġÿ˹ 
  
Բмͼһսʽоʽ٣ɽԺ۾ʽ²⡣ԺʽԪԲɵ乣šʱʦصǸʡӱࡷ¼ܲʱƣ 
  
Ͼý̡ͨʮ궬ƶ°£һԻһԻ߶ɣ̴ΪǣͿ֮νΪﻨľ֮Σาϡ   
νǽǵºкΪʦãΪ;֮߶   
"׽"оåǳԣšȻʱ뷿ʱ俪ʱׯʽܲݲݣǲԡΨǰȷ֤˵ֻݽʽȸѡüͼPelliot 
3849Ŷػ;һΪ׶ѽ׫¶Ǿ¬áһֶֽΣһΪ˵ԵɼǡһΪ׽ʽիάĦʽ׽ʽһΣԽ֮ƣ 
  
Ϊ׽ˣ˵Ѻˣؾɶֲ⡣Ҿʦ;ˣһˣ˵ˣ˵ׯˣһһһ˵侭ˣ˵ˣ˵ʮܵˣˣ㷢Ըˣһˣԭ֣񲹡ԸȡɢơѺ㿪άĦάĦ󣬴˵Ѻˣسˣշʦ˵ˣ˵ˣׯˣһˣʦ־ˣһһһ˵侭ˣ뾭˵Եˣ˵ˣʩԸˣԸȡɢ 
  
˴֮άĦָ׽֮άĦԡ׽ʽ֮;⣬˵ģԸ뽲롣Ψ˵ѺԪԲδ֮ڽʽ֮УΪ׽ߡκϽΪʦоΪл֡ɽӸעνϳ߶߷ʦҲ׽ิ߱ʦߡԲ˾Ϊ׽ʦء˵Ӧʥڽġ¼һж֤֮;⣬ʽҲʱͶ׽ʽ²⣬Ȼӡ 
        
91ڣ ׽֮         
 ׽֮   
δ˵ԼϷŪӰϷߣлڶɮ˳ݣĶʮͷ־ŵİͱϴν"֮ã״ǣпȡӲءƩࡷ赡۹永ɮ档㷨ߡԼ졢סεʮҡɺ󣬴˳"ۡ񡶹ʮĵۡġһƪɮ桶𳪵Ըġһƪ˽ν֮Ҳ 
  
Pelliot 3849һֽ׽ʽѺ׽СνѺָѺģģԣͼݲPelliot 
2187һΪħġ¼Ϊħ䡷ܣħ䡷ħ䡷ʦҲѺ֮׽йأΪ׽֮ӿ֪ӡ 
  
ػʰзܡάĦ֮ʼһһƪƽͼݲзܴ˾֮ڶ־ĺţһPelliot 
2292һΪܴ˾֮ڶʮӢS.4571һܴ˾֮˲ڡӢֲS.2140S.2430άĦѺġħġ֮֮ϾٷܡάĦƪ伴Ϊ׽޿Ҳ 
  
ػ׽ѧƷ֮ɷΪࣺΪѺΪһ࣬ԵΪ߿ɹࡣѺȷΣö֪Ѻ֮ѺѹͬѹڣʹܾҲѺֱ֮⣬ѺģȫġԵѺͬΨѺƪϳѣ˵뻰ӡШ֮ 
  
ΪΪڶࡣ硶Ŀġħ䡷䡷֮ƴͬ硶衷򡶴߳Ⱥվġ֮öԣɹࡣ 
  
ܡάĦƪΪࡣһƷݾģĩ""֮ʽȫΪ࣬ժһι硶Ŀ䡷ħ䡷֮Ϊ١׽֮ڣԼΪƷҲ 
  
׽֮δ˵Ӧл֮ΪػѺıһͨѧƷPelliot 
3849һֽ׽ʽһ֣¿ɡ׽֮Σ߷׷޶ۡϡػʰ׽֣֮Ϊ׿ɹ¼֮D顷һӵʳԽ˫һ̵һһƷһ¼ߣ롶ɹ¼֮ԼʳĿͬߡνϵͳ֮һ׽Ϊ¡ϻΪһ̸׾ƴһģ֮ϤȲ׸ 
  
˵ν׽ӦһɳΪߢڣԼӸ֪䲻ȻĿ䡷ħ䡷䡷˴Т䡷ȶԱӡȻġԴĻıӡνѺģԵԼȫƪĿ⡣ͳԱ֮ƫȫ䲻֪Ҳ 
  
ػʰշڶΪʼһģɢ¡֮һƣ   
ʦʼ   
˳ģ֮Ϊһǫð׷𣻶޾ʿзʼ   
Pelliot 2418һԼܡĸؾ£һƣ   
氢ѣҹմƷɣ˼Үд£˴ȡ   
˳ģҲǰĸʮֶ£Ըĸ̣֮Ƕ֮۾͡   
￬׽ĿƪνӦΪ""ʱΪȻ˵δ֮ν"˳"ָ֣Ķԣһ֮¼󶼷ģԸޣΪ"˳"֮ӦΪ䣬""Ϊһ䣬Գ¶δиԭ֮ӡԳ׽ݲ޿Ҳ 
  
˽Ϊ׽ƣһ֮ΪѺĻԵ𣬵ڶԱͳһУſ⣬ܾΨһߢȡһι£ܶɣȫΪࡣPelliot 
3808һĩ⡶ݡߣױ"˵Ӧʥڽ"ĩ""""ע""֣ݡάĦĸؾȫͬ׽֮ƣӦģΪʵҲο¼һ 
        
92ڣ ׽ѧԴ̽(1)         
 ׽ѧԴ̽   
׽һǣǰ顣˼ʹˣֹԪͣȻԪǰƿ֪ҲԱУ˵ߣԨԴδ֮˽Ϊ׽ѧ֮Դ;תһҲ֣̾Ҳ֮Ρ 
  
תߣ֮νҲഫ£ڳ˼ֲ𨡶ɮʮʦƣ   
Դ̶ڣǹѣظﵥ档ӽȣúӽģ϶̶ǳǹʽ룬ڡʼκ˼ֲɣ⾭֮ͨ죬ָɽ֮ơɾΡӦ𡷣Ϊѧ֮ڡǧ࣬ʮж 
  
ƣ   
Ȼ֮Ҳ϶ӽ֮ҲԺ临Ϊ⣬Эгɣҹ̣˰   
ӽԲʼͳɽԺʽһɮ󣬼"ƺڴ˾˰Ը΢ܣΪ˵"һʣձνޡҲ೪"ԸԴ˹£ռһСҵԹɷ㻨"һʡԲʲͼɽԺ֮оʽڵʦ볪ţҩʦ𼰹׽ʽ˽£תйءתʮ֮ν"٣ƽ۷ɱηȴתU"Ҳ֮ѧձ˳Ϊ֮飬Ϊɽ֮һһ֮УָԾ߹̣ЭгɡΪѡϡ١áɾߴ棬ѸҲ 
  
մ֮׽硶ػʰ֮Ե䡷ʱע""""Ǿ䣬ӢءάĦѺġ""""ȴǾ䡣˽ָ˵ȴתͬҲ׽תɷ֤֮Ҳ 
  
ڡάĦġ֮ﳣע"ƽ"""""֣⡣ɴ˵ǣйءձʮӣΪʮɡνʮӣһԽϽƽʤ޵˫ӡӡ𽾵桢ɡҲȻ򽲾֮ƽࡢǣ߼ָƽϽ죣˽⣬Դ۶ 
  
ּڻ𨡶ɮ֮ɮʮԻ   
߸Ҳ˹سϦУ̸ͣգ᡾ҫרģָ١ʱʦ¯Ӧ޾̸޳սʹύ㣬ҵʾ̸鱧ã𰧸ᡣģ룬ϯ׳°ָ˳뼼ҹ©գǺתʤʹȻӯĽ֮ʱʦ֮ΪҲ 
        
93ڣ ׽ѧԴ̽(2)         
ǳ֮ãʱˣ"Ϊڣ޳ڡΪ׵䣬۳ɴǡΪƷָΣ̸ֱżΪɽҰԴǣ³Ŀ˱̬¶"١׽ԻΪ볪ͬΨͽȡƩ˵Ϊ׽ģܳƪͬС˵Ϊʮĵۡġһƪɮ桶𳪵Ըġһƪء˵ӦʥڽġӢءġ롶գԼơ׽ߣɵԨԴڳԻֺ 
  
ƴ׽ԽΪڣ֧֮ᡣ֮׽ʼˣֻнһ֮ٶȡ֮˵֮࣬ǿ仯֮áʱһƷԨԴ뽲ĲͬҲݱ֮ԨԴ˽Ϊϳ֮̾顤־ƣ 
  
ߣϳҲƽ£ν֮֡ңʣȱ̫֮ʱʮǴСʷʮ 
  
ʷʷ䡷顤־֮ͽ裬šνͽԻҥҲ顤־ʷ䡷ƣ   
ʷ䡷ߣ˾ͽʷٰơʼͽ磬ȶ֮ҹܣҹܽʯԱ֮κ֮Ҳ   
ν"Ƹ"򡶳ʷ䡷ߣ֮һҲָʫʮġŽ¼Ի   
й}ãϡѣСХۡ䡷˽⡷Хʮ⣬С֡ơ顷ýԡ಻ʮһԻҹԻԻｫԻԻšԻű䡷ԻǰϪԻӡԻʮԻɡҹʱ衷衷ʮмҲۡ䡷˽⡷֮˽⡷ߡ񲻴СҹŮ衷ʷ䡷񡷡Ҷ֡ѻáաҲ 
  
Ǻϳ֣ν裬Ա֮ҹšʷ֮Ҳָʫʮ塶ҹ衷Ž¼Ի 
  
ҹ衷ǰͣ͡ҹ衷䣬ʺΪͷν֮Ҳ   
ɴ˿֪ǰ󣬾Ωڡָʫ֮ҹ䡷ű䡷Լʷ䡷ΪԹʫľ䡣Ǵνߣɿ乣ӡгΪָʫʮš飬۴Ϥ¼Σ 
  
Ž¼ԻֻΪѡ˹ΪָֹΪ裬֮ɮ򯡶ࡷƣмҼעлϣݡۡԻƽʮģաʮģʮģҡģʮģʮģʮһģ 
  
ټԻաŪ裬裬ϼң¼ҡŪɡֺաŪǺ簰硷ơ֡Ҳ 
  
ǡڼҼע֪Ӧν⡣顤־ν   
¶ԡ̫ʱʮԡʮԣ֮ʧתԶ"   
ָʫʮս֡һ̴ʮ䣬ʮԡ˽ԿԼϳУб֮һ֡֯൱νǰ򼴺֮Шβ֮ԣŪģ֮ΰƷָܷͨ·Ҳ 
  
ƴԱҹܣĩʦСŮתѾ䡷һʫٱֳ֮ɷ֣ɴƿ֪򣬻߼̾б֮һҲ        
 
94ڣ ׽ѧ֮ݱ         
 ׽ѧ֮ݱ   
ƽͼݲֶʮĺšġδƣ   
˵࣬δԭԱʾĿչ£ӭʱӯӢʣؿԻŲ٣пܣǧˣͲأһʴӣǹաӣӣ 
  
Ϊ˵Ժ֮ճסڽɢ֮ʣʦʩԼ´ǣԣ𷨡½ʫ"бԼׯäǷ˭ܵã˵ɡ"龰롶ġճƣƺ޶Ҳ 
  
ִ׽ѧƷдصڶػͣɼ׽ĩʢУɾռڸҲ   
γ˵˷С˵˵˵롢ʷ顢ĿƣΪС˵ű˵ԴʷġӶػ׽ѧƷ֮δ˵˿Դڴˡ£䡷ġѾ䡷ԼŻġ֮࣬δ˵нʷһ֮˵˵룬Ϊƴ֧֮ᡣʱ׽ѧֱ֮ϵҲ 
  
롶̵ĩ"͸飬ߴ"һ֮ʣԺ֮ĩ"͸飬ٺǰ"䣬Ȼ֮ԡһסƽɽûСؾԧᡷһƪô塣ƴ硶ħ䡷˵׽գÿ"֮ʱΪ˵"̵롶ؾԧᡷ֮"͸飬ٺǰ"֮"֮ʱΪ˵"ζͬɢ棬ิһ¡֮뻰Ƽ׽ѧ֮ѺļԵ𣬶򵥡ɡ̵ʽ֮ؾԧᡷȷ֪Լƴ׽ѧƷ֮Ӱ죬ԶҲ 
  
ΪԺӾ磬ӦԴδ׽಻Щϸ硶ӡһӡӡơ̼־ӡӹڡ֪ԶᡷΪԺʼ֮ӡƴ֮ӡݶΨв֪ιձδˣƴӡ֪֮˲ź֡¼ӷʦν"̷ЧΪ"ơƴ̷Уӡһ⣬Զ£׽ҹߣвҲ 
  
γ˵֮һƣ֮顤ƽһƣ   
ǵƺӺܲȳǳ࡭ƽһԻʩɣ֮У˼硣ʼԼ˺ˣͯӣòʣӽ赸裬Ի 
  
Ǻԭں֡뽲ʷ˵˵ԼӾɹϵ֮׽֮Ϯ֣ܱ̾򣬶˴ʢƴԺ֮к֮ʢΪйѧʷһȤ֮ʿ˼Ҳ 
  
׽һ£Ժ첻ʷᣬۼδҲͳ͡ʮͳԻ   
Ի׼ԶھǡؾزĴϰߣߣνŮȢֲҩȡߣνʦ˵ᡷСԪرġ֮ۡࡣ 
  
ھָĦ̾ɶԣԪرġɼƴ׽һ໰֮Ŵ档Ϊʱˣ׽ʮʱδΨεԭ򣬲Ħ̵ͬˡ꼰㣬׽ɣ 
        
95ڣ¼һ(1)         
¼һ ˵ӦʥڽĢ   
ɳšԣǧӱ䣬˾֮⣬Ǭ֮գ̣ͮͥ徺ڼνڡλ壬ʥӦһǧ֮ǱΣ֮Ӧλ 
  
۽پޡ ΪǬ   
ӷ ݺ   
ͽ簲˵۵ ҪϢ   
 δ鲻ж   
¶ б̨   
ɨ紵 ̽쿪   
֦Χ巑 ϳٱ   
Ը޽ʥ ͬʯ   
ʵˡ   
Դ˿ޣŻʵ۱£Ըʥ֦ҶʥǧȲ̡֮֮ Ϊ    
ʺڷԸȫ硣֮⣬֮ݰ   
ڷԸ鴻٣ʯꡣƶ֮ԣ֮ΨԶȻԸͣɵƽϢ徺ɸ꾲    
⣬ơܶྭƷһߣߣ峣֮ףߣ֮𣬻ߣʥʹݣߣͨ᣻Բǻݣܶ༴Ȱӣߣʾڣ˼ĿȻ˾һԻʥɽټʮӵӰǧʥڡʱӲ˹ͽںУȡ̨ϡʮءԸաϣ֮ԣʱ֮ʡʱԶɷˣιʮƣϢ֡еǳͬУˮ룻𾭹ϡ 
  
ԸǬ ־   
в߯ ޿   
 󷨸   
˵ ʺ   
̨ ֻΪڿ   
϶ ȷ紵ɢ   
ڸ ⷽӦ   
δ˾δ ŷ   
   
ʹ˾Σһ֣ڶڣ֮ͨУҽ֮֡УۣΪֳɾ͡ţųɾͣһʱ֣ʱɾ֮ͣһ֣ɾͣסշɽУɾͣǧ˰˾㣬ڳɾ͡ҵһųɾߡ˵ָģ̸ڽ֮Եɳ֮СǳѴգŷŰʶȫһԶֻǧأžܳ֡Ϊ뷨֮Ϊ֮ҡʵ澳־ſһ޳֮򣬾ʮ֮𷨡Ȼߣܵÿ꽵ۡʦɮ񡣹հã̡һƬļᣬð볯ŷ 
  
ĲữԵ ɽ   
ǧͽŽ ʮ   
ǻݱϣ ỨԸͬ   
ž þ         
96ڣ¼һ(2)         
ʵž ÿƾ΢   
ǽ ͵̷̨Ϣ   
ٵɴ ɽҪ   
ֱԵ˾ ʦɮ   
ڶһʱʱɾߡŽͽڣʹߵȻ޲ʦ֮һࡣĿ紺ˮ¼һʵÿӦʥչۣ˺ʱ֮ʱӦ֮աһ˿ӭҢ˴ݳᦻɮڸϣ⻶հڰ˲ʡţǣ졣ù֮һʱ֮ 
  
ÿ̸ݴ Ը   
м ﻹŸ¶   
ʥĹ۵ 뽫ۼĲ   
ֱⷺ޹ Ծĺһʱ   
 ˾ףҢ   
 ܯ   
ʥհ ϴۿҢü   
ÿŷ Ҳƾкһʱ   
֮һߣǵɾҲŽĲᣬһʩʮ㸣ࡣʥҡʦΡΡȸҡʵ֮ĺ֮˽հʥԺǻʱᣬΪ𣻽յ˾Ϊ 
  
ʱΪ ⣨   
ľ⺬ ƷǬ   
ʥߵ ǳ   
еó ˼Ƿ   
񳯷 λ   
ҡ Ǭ   
ϧұ ¶̲ľ   
ǵþӰ ȫʥ˶   
շɽߣǵĴɾҲɽǧ֮Ħ죬ٵ֮Ϫѩݮ̦߲٣֮ƣӣ֮ۢצɽȸߴ󣬷ÿСңͽҡʵÿڻͮͥϽ繬ǰھصڡʱ˵ոɽվ 
  
ΡΡɽ տٿ   
չȱ ɽ˼   
ĵƲǧ ƹ   
˵ շ嶥ϼ   
ɽ ĺ޳   
ʥӦǧ ʮ   
Ӧѱ Ң˴Կ   
ÿɮ    
ǧ˰˾ߣɾҲлͽ棬ͼʿŮӵӡͷڶӶľ޺޺ɮüͷѩһƳڡ̣ƻ̨纣ӿڽɽ¡ҡʵʥ֦Ҷǧˡٱڻãհǻ¹У̫ΧӰ޸ԵҼߵн֦Ҷ 
  
ÿת ʥΧϽ   
ȷ ¶   
ɽƴ ͳǳ   
ֱе ó©   
ʵǬ ʥ֦¶Ψ   
Χ 繰   
˴ǻǧ Ң   
Ե óʱʥ   
ţ֪ΪԳ뷡жᷲʥжԶǰ̣ݲ󣬷徻֮ͨʿˣǲТ֮ʱᣬ֮Բ֮ɾ͡ 
  
Ե۹ ̳ɾӦͬ         
97ڣ¼һ(3)       
ǴԿ 뷺˲   
³ ͨ   
ǻʵ ܵ   
νǰĦԻ"ӳի䲻ɷ־ʦԽ֮"   
ε۲δ    
ǿ֪ ÿй   
ҹѶɷ λի   
񳯸ɮ˵ һһ   
ĦԻ"޸졣ӣ粻Ϊ档ĺΪңӡһԣʿŮãһβز˳ʱӦڣٹ̷ɣï˳իӡ˲ɷӡڰ֮ʳȫһ̰֮ȻΪҲҮ"۸Ի"ʦƣΪ̷֮ӡܲˣǶսڿţ֪ĺǲТߢ٣ľ塣ᣬĦ֮ɽӣڿգʮǧ֮档˹ҡף紺ꡣ" 
  
Ŀٱ    
ֻ볯 ּ   
ٿ˿ڰ ¶   
¶˹ һƬĸǾ   
ʥƲ ֪Сͬ   
Ϊ滪 컯   
ĺǹʥ ̩巴   
鸣 Ǭ   
 ʵĺȽ֪֮֯۾ͣʶϼ֮æȡòױΣա״ڣʱϧ   
ϼѲ պ̨   
ҶӬͷڵô Ͻ   
² һ˿ɾծ   
ʥ˽빬Ů Īɨ   
 ÿţˮָ֮֮Ѱ졣ÿƷڡؿ飬ϧ֮ӡ   
ÿļæ ֧ͼ   
ϸȻ зϻ   
Զ ݺȥ   
ũټҼ ɽ   
 
ʵ۹ʾԼ󣬹ʾԾλ񡣲ٳģعϢ̡˽֮ʴȣ֮ʥη˫áʵΪ֮֮ 
  
ƽйƽ ͷ   
¶ϴԹ ʷ紵̿   
겻ɸ Ω˿   
ɽ޶ת 곣   
ˮɣչĺ֮оޣԭ֮Ըж֣֮ϢĻآңհ¶¥Զ˿ڶ䰲꿤   
޵Ī ɽӻȻ   
ӽ񽣸ͽ Դ˵ݽ   
ȥ л   
ʥ˸ ȴ϶   
 
ʵȥȥ̩ڶڰ˻ģΪ˳ֻ㣬Զԡ٣д֮֮»ʱй־ʹжˮݣۺ֮ͨײչʮ֮ʥ¡ 
  
֪ ȫƮ   
ܵǧ ᷫ￪   
۹ң »¥̨   
֪ ͹   
زѫ԰ٱ֮ңһ֮ʵ¡ʥ֣֮ʶԶ֮֮ԣƶǰ֮ҵȡ˺˹ڣȡĵöྲǬТϰ¹ǧţỪġһ¶ֶ̻Ժء 
        
98ڣ¼һ(4)         
Ϊ    
һԽŽ ְ컯   
ѱ׸ ֪ʥг   
 Ǭ   
 
ʵ۹磬̺ά֮巽ᣬʯ֮׳ܣͬշҢȶҩҷ˴̶տϱеԾ죬⹫˽ػ׶ա 
  
ﻹǿ ѱ֦ε   
տտ̴ ΡΡ򷨷   
է֪ ذϲĪ   
Ч ֻТ   
 
ʵԷԸ¡а֮飬֮ȪɽϣʥʥˢαȺӱߣʺ󾭲ص¸顣֮֮ͬϵ¡ 
  
Ȫɽ ʩ   
պѺ ԧɫ   
ʯسκˮ ɮӵ   
΢ Ըʥ   
 
ʵ۹Χ棬Է³ɢۡб֮⣬ƽע֮ˮ̨鿣严ͣȫڣû֣ӰУǧ㣬ֳ¸ʾӷԶ첽ƵΡɣԧءβƾӰ֮ɽӣƣǧ֮¥ 
  
ľ滨Ҽ һس̳γ   
Ϸ㶯 Dƾ   
Ⱥؽ ҹˮɵ   
˾ָ Ը   
Ҷ֮Ңqȣǧq֮գ¶ҷӦ֮Ǵ֮աϻᣬɮǻ̸ϸͼڷչ   
˪ ɷ   
Žǧ    
ÿᦻ ˿   
֪첹Ǭ ǡǸ߽   
أǴӦʿũ֡հ˴գףҢ졣̴㻨ɮ޳ի䡣ӵ򯵻ͬΨϣƽֻԸʥ˳ 
  
նߵ˿ Ǭʥ   
ͬҼҵ 󲢽𻨴   
 ҡק   
ɮףg ԸƺӰٶ   
ǲ ˴ս˴   
ĥһ˽ ǧе   
ֻ һ·չѫ   
ִӽǰ ֻĺ   
ТҢ죬g÷ʥ͡δگڣλ곤ʥ˱ߡºӢҺӢۿ𢣬ʥǡڷƬ֡Թʫ֪ʥͳһȳɣǷǮȴ֮˽Կ뽻ʵ۸ʱºɳgݼ򣬹һʱամѰҹǳٱ㡣·Т⣬һر޲ҡʵۺȻ䡣˲Ⱞٻֺÿ䡣ҳӹڣ귢ټҡʥֿ򡣶ǻʶɮ̹ʮɳƹҡʦ¶룬ܽ䡣ͷС߳棬ˮС˱̶ѧԣҲʹ׷硣ɼݳˮ㣬丵빵ƳۼףȺܲ硣ݺϧóɡ֪ë׳гԹɫף̧ٺιŨͼػ˭֪˹Ѽˮѧס޹ġϧOϣ֪Ǹݡ֩ҹҹ˿࣬֯ޡΪһľӾɴ֪Ѱ񽡣ͷʱιֱʡּصȴܷľԶ̨ͤïȴԡֻһչ鲻ġ˼СĪ֪ţȥò档ӣȡ԰ɾ 
  
   

صļԣwww.27txt.com ṩȥ˴վŶ