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ΪʲôҪԵԼÿµļ嵰дҲԼСҰճԹİ嵰ԡﲻϵķŻȥԼܣΪʲôҪԡգΪʲôҪԴԼ

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ԡˮˣдҲ˯ߵҡСҰѾ̺ޱһԵĿ̵úĴдҲϲͷСҰվȥϴˣдҲܲޱůջ˽ȥޱдҲСҰϴʱ䳤һЩٵ˯ٴԡҳ

СҰûϴܳʱ䡣СҰյĽŲдҲæս۾װ˯

ҲҲ˯𣿡

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ҲҲҪҡ

дҲСҰڱĵ޷װ˯ǰŲ£СҰյĻ̸е˺䣬дҲ˺һֽ§дҲ޷СҰֱֻۣ֮§ˡ

СҰհдҲ§дҲϵ徹΢΢ԵĿǻҲ㡭

̧ס§ǰֱۣдҲ̾

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СҰ˸к󣬷õ弱ٵĳߡֽΪμӵĹϵˡıʵˣ

Ѿϴѧ꼶дҲΪѧҵĹϵæµע⵽СҰյı仯ʱɵôһǸɵľͱкѾԼвĸ߶ˣӲˣ峺ĵ˿˿ݵЦ⡣

仯СҰնдҲȴû˿ĸı䣬Լı仯е⡣ҳˣҲҿԱҲҲΪҵ²ģҲչҲˡ

Ҹ˵ֻСҰûпдҲͷεĲͱ顣дҲϲСҰգСҰղյסСҰˡ

дҲٺСҰշϵһԼصкǼܳ顣뵽ȴѧҵľҵ⣬дҲеϲСҰǸ鷳׸

Ӧúշˣ˵ĹϵֹͣˡдҲÿοСҰռʱĿı飬֡־ô˵ڡ

СҰҪһдҲҪдҲȻ̫Ը⣬ɳѾõȴСҰɬȫģдҲĶСҰͷ󺹵ĽдҲ塣ʹĥ͵дҲйƵҧСҰյļǴûбxڱСҰ룬󻬲ѪȾµĴ

δ˺Ѱʹ࣬дҲ߷ɳƵСҰճдҲϻȵ۽أͣ˵šҰ㣬ҲҲ

дҲԸⱻСҰӵʮ껶ѡСҰհԼüͬˣĸchaoԼ˵ҸĻֻˣֻԸˣΪˣСҰվΪȥʲôҸģ

ܲϲСҰһһεͬʱдҲǴӦˡֵʢഺڣСҰͷҰ̰ĿдҲ塣ʱԽԽõСҰдҲӱıҵܵõеķСҰһδ쵽ĸchaoдҲ屻ͬʱȴ顭





СҰÿ϶Ҫ§дҲŻᰲ˯дҲŽֹΪŵ÷ղװ˯ûãҲûãСҰһ̶ԸдҲƵסİˡһֱСҰϵǮù֮кת

СҰڹԢĹصʱ˹ÿܷнˮ㲻дҲΪСҰֹͣ˽ȶ˵Ϊһ

°صҵдҲڷûпСҰյӰ¹°ɫװ˼ë£дҲֽš

һ绰дҲԥҪҪȥСҰÿҪӰʱܻ绰ȻдҲͻܵĮġһҶϡ뵽ҲСҰմģȻֻڵ绰һͷ˵šҲҪǵúúóԷҪע£Ҫ֮ܺĹĵĻ뿪ҺдҲ˵Ļ˵ֻСҰ,дҲͻֱҪܾΪСҰգдҲĵһݺü֮õΡ

绰ͣˣһȴٴͲдҲ˵ãд塣

ҲҲ𣿣绰ֻ긾Ů衣Ҳ𣡡

ĸף

дҲŻͲסˡѾһ겻йĸ״˵绰дҲĺǱʲôͻȻסˡ

ĸǲڼʱؼһڣ뵽ܻص˵ߣһů¯ǰ̸ЦдҲԼͻ뷨жòᡣ

裡Ҳ廹𣿰ְأôˣӹҸ𣿡кö໰ĸףдҲŻͲҲ

ǡܺáĸͣһ£ڿʲôԥдҲҲûʲôȥҹ㰡

ûСоĸƺвݵ˵дҲɵ˵˻ѻСҰ顣

ĸ˿ĳꡣ𡭡̫ˡԭڵĵġҲ㻹ǵǸСҰյ𣿡

衭Ϊʲôᵽĸ׵СҰ֣дҲЩķʡĸΪʲôᵽأѵĸȥ˵ʲô𡭡ҪĻҺǰ£ǲѾ֪ˣŻ绰Żǲһ뵽֪ԼСҰս£дҲʱ

ԲҲ֪㲻ԸǼ¡ǣ£»֪ɡ

ĸ׺󻹲֪ǰǶ飬дҲƽЩĸ׵Ļ˺棬дҲʵʲô飿˵ɡ

ҪǲĻҾ˵ˡǸСҰкһǰѾˡڼֵĲǰһЩͷˡؼҺûټѧѾʮвǰƣûипװڼﲻȥ鲻õʱͻھΪ֪Ƕļָָ㣬ĸֻøһЩǮҪٻؼˡǺӱϳźĴ̹գǰһͻȻȥҵʱ֪Ǹӣ˵ڱ顣

ǺӻòҵлֵʱŷʱкҲûȥõģҪ㡭

ԲҲʱҪȥ˵鷳ܲ㲻ҪҼʮǰСˣ뱧ӵļ糤ǳ˵ܿܲˣӼ糤Ӻ顭Ҫ֪ΪǼºϵ¼糤֪Ϊвǵĳ룬ĻӺĻûˡ

ˣҲ֪Ҫܹ֣ΪõĻ㲻Ҫͼϵ

ҪǸСҰкȥ㣬Ҳ㲻ҪҲҪŪ󡭡ԲҲ边ôֵҪ㲻Ҫ衭ҲǲѵġˣҲԭ衭

ĸڵ绰вͣĿ˵šԲ𡱣дҲ˼֮ĹҶ˵绰źɫĵ绰˶촽˵裬Ҳһԭģ

ƣĶխСĹԢдҲоԼʲôûˣյһɺķ紵ȥǻλϻܴġķвͻȻ˵ǲǻᷢͲѲ

дҲԼͱˣһǰѾǱˡĸ״绰ֻĸҪܷʲôҲҪͼϵȻͻӰ쵽Σ˵õĻĸ佱Ҳһ۵˼ƲϵĿѡ

ûθڳдҲɫ԰׵ɵϡŸɴúõ˯һȵ죬ĿڵʹͻһЩ˰ɡԼޱﰲοԼͷﵽ˯ߵĿġ

˯⣬˯֮ǰдҲŷСҰղûл





дҲ糿ʱСҰջûлСҰдҺһޡûκεԣûκεԤףСҰյδдҲжҪ顣

þٻˡдҲ뷨飬ӵĸ׵ĵ绰֪СҰڱϳźйһ˵ӡǲΪһûеط˯ġϱůܺõĴ£黹ǺܶӵдҲ뷨Ҳͬһ˶񶾡

þȥϰˣдҲ߳ٴۻͳһԿװƽʱһҲˣֻһԿ׵СҰվǻҲܽˡ

дҲ°͹˾ͬһȥȾƣּͬѾȶ˶ʼƷʱ˳ϯõдҲûкȶپƣǼҾƹ˾˸

صңдҲס֪СҰǲѾˣ¥һ۾Ϳ˿ŶŵСҰա

СҰհ׹ϣǿóΪдҲǰСҰտͿĵվ

Ҳҵþãıƽʱ˺ö࣬ǲҪȥӦ갡

ɲȥЦдҲԿȻصĵơݺдҲſСҰյ̶ֱŹڲϡ

ҡҡλκòװЬѵժñӺСҰյĶͷҲѪıдҲЩԾı飬СҰղ˼ǳЦ

ڹܵˣиСӴ˽һͱֽҵˡ

ͳ־ǺӣȻԼˣ˲ٰдҲܲĳԷ

Һ˲ءСҰվ˵ֱֱۡϸ˺ܳ˿ڷ룬ͷҲĵεˡҽҪԺ۲죬ֱϲſϷһᵣԾûд绰

ߣдҲһһȥֽˡ˱۵СҰҲЦˡҲΪ˶һЩ̬Ǻ֮ǰĮûԼȡҲĹעһöûУСҰֻóĬдҲĵתŵƵ

ŵӵСҰһֱŵдҲĲúȥдҲõ˦СҰյ֣дҲԡȥϴ裬ϴޱȴ˯Ľ١СҰΪͷֱֲ㣬Ҵϴ˻ͳˡ

һֻ§дҲ˺üСҰն֮Ľ̶ܳȡŪĺܲдҲͷŤ壬СҰ͵͵û˵ҲȴͻȻҲݺݵĴһơ

㹻ûУҡšüͷдҲĺȵСҰյһ¡

СҰдҲͻŭ֪룬֪дҲΪʲôͻȻסú۵СҰճĬŲ˵дҲ

СҰյ򣬷дҲԼȻִһѾ˵ˡСҰմͷܿӣдҲĿڵķٴμӵĸ׵ĵ绰ĿټϸղСҰһֱͼһֻ§дҲŵĲڲľƾĴ̼±˳

㣡ΪʲôҪȥҼңΪʲôҪ֣ѴСҰմӴȥдҲСҰա֪֪жᣬҪΪ㣬Ҽô˵ҪҲٺĻҪ㣬Ҹ䵽ֵزҪΪ㣬ҿڶҸĹԳΪھӼĽĶҿԺ˼ҵС׽飬ƵСط¶һ֪ΪʲôҺͱ̫׽ŮѶҽύ

ԹһζдҲеŭйСҰյϡСҰգСҰΪ˲дҲ˵ֱ۰壬סͷдҲӶ֡

㻹Ҹʲô˵Ҳ㡢ϲ㡢ҡΪʲôߣ㱻˸ϳΪʲôҪңҴ鷳Ѿٵ֪֪ŽгдҲĿڵʹ޴йԼͷվڵʹʧѾǰͱǰŲͬڵͬѧһڶһչţٱȽھǵͬ鼰ֻԶ㵽ԶԶĵطҺͬ±֪ԼĹԸõĳĬˡֱҪļΪ׵ˡ

дҲԼѾ׵ˡվԼǰСҰտ˵䵽ҾԭסҲļһΪʲôҪǰڿļ˵šϲһ˲޲ԼѾͿһ¹һ

дҲСҰտԼѾʮĳ˻޵ôҼֱ߳ܡȥȥҲҪٿ㣡һСҰƳңдҲ̾͹ϷŰԼڷ

СҰձƳź󽹼ôûʲôȵķšҪҲҪ뿪㰡Ҳ㿪ҽȥҲϲ㣡ϲ㰡Ҳ㿪Ű

дҲСҰղͣĽкôŰ޺˿˵۾ɬ̡ò۾ȴ޷ͣᣬôŵӾ磬СҰպֻš

ʲôʲôҲҰСҰҲˣ˵ŻлšءĿϲҲûֹͣϲҲôϲ㣬ΪʲôҪҷ֣ΪεİҲΪѲȥεģҺòײҵΪʲôҪߣϲҲҾʲôҪңҲ

ǡϲǡΡдҲĻʹס䡣СҰղͣ޺šʲôдҲҲøס

е飬дҲ촽˵ûдˣң



ڰ

ѧҵǰϦдҲǳæµ˺öĲοϲдıһǴֻддĻҪԼȤҵƸ˵ʱ䣬дҲæ˯ʱ䶼ûˡ

òװͨˣдҲࡣСҰдҲæµڼüεĵ绰ɶ˵˾䡰æ͹Ҷˡ뵽ѾпµʱûмСҰˣдҲĴ˵绰ԼСҰռ档

ԼõƧĹ԰һСҰѾȴдҲˡԼŵ곤˵ĵСҰ˷ܵȥסдҲ

ҲҲҺ㰡ȲסдҲ촽СҰյ˫İڻҺ㣬뵽鶼ȥˡæŶܺҼ档ҲҲҰɣ

ŲдҲûСҰʾĵӣСҰɿڻ̳ıԵϡ

գ̸̸¡дҲѶǰͷ󲦹ȥŸôڲŲСҰ̫ķӦ

ԺǸôգͬһǲԵġ

СҰϿĵıʧˣվдҲ˵۾˸ŴžŵĲȷ顣Ҳ˵ʲô

üͷдҲͷٿڡСҰû˵ʲôдҲ֪СҰǸĺӣ˼ЩҲ˵Ļʲô˼֪˵ĻСҰȴװ

˵ǲҪһˡдҲվ˵ǷְɣҪѧҵˣܿ͵ȥҵȻһΪ˹ææȻҪһͻݵŮ˽ӡҲٺһˡһ˵Ķ˵꣬дҲصĴִ

֪ЩСҰպģҪǲ˵ĻСҰջǻдҲһᱻĸԼ͸кڽֲ½СҰǸܺõˣԼϲҲĵȷȷʵĴڹǳԺСҰջôôдҲ󲻳ҲһԼᱻСҰ˦Ҳ˵

ΪʲôҲΪʲôͻȻ˵Ҫ֣СҰѹÿ޳ˡҲҪϲҲҲҪҲְдҲסдҲļͷϿ

СҰձסԼдҲûлӦ޵úĵˡСҰյĿдҲϵ֡óɾСҰյдҲ޺աԺȥҸŮɣͲˡǾͲҪټˡգ

ת뿪Ĺ԰ǰдҲСҰĿ





һû˯дҲڷﲻͣĻŹȥСҰղûκ£Ǻܹɵĺһ𡣱һ˰ŵĸо۶ܰдҲϲСҰӵһĸо

ЩǺĮĶԴСҰգɱʱдҲĺų⡣Щ꣬ǳиůĻļįΪʲô˻СҰأΪʲôԼȴǲļ׷϶СҰأ

ɫ΢΢дҲͷһЩ뵽СҰƳҺҲûи»ǱȽ䣬֪ûаѹشĴ´ϡ

ŵĴ򿪷ţдҲͻȻСҰһԭСҰڵϿŽյķŲ뿪æСҰգдҲ֮һƬСҰջֻŵ˯£廹Ϊ󷢶ڵϵ˷ϸһĴϢҲŲĺ쳱

дҲַСҰյĶͷϣȵĸ֡СҰڷգдҲͻȻֵһʱֻǱСҰղ֪Ǻã

ǱдҲ˵ֱʹСҰշ۾ҲҲҲҪ뿪㡭

дҲ·СҰץýġѾ״̬СҰշĽдҲ֡дҲĽСҰϱޱסҳ¼ƺҩڴͷ

СҰյ´ﵽ39ȣдҲܵιСҰճºָιҩѲСҰնڼдҲֻ˾ļ١

ԹҩСҰ˯úܲȣдҲڴ߿Ϊ˶ɫܲСҰڵɫǲ԰׵ˡ϶˵λ۽Ҳʱˮ

ԭҡҲҲǹġ뿪

ԼĶͷ̽СҰǲѾգдҲͣǻЩȶȵĶͷϲḧСҰ˯ʱдҲСҰѾµڲϸĹ۲źüûм

ƤҲֲһЩԭ͵øӲְСҰյţʵ̺Լʲôڴ฽ӽ۵סдҲͷСҰյĿڴš顱̲סſֱ۱סŵˡ

ůůдҲᡣԼٶӣҲԼɣһֱֻˣͣҲֻˡдҲͻȻӿСҰˣΪ̫į˰ɣ

ٴθܵϧĸоٱ˺úõȥ

дҲϻ˯еСҰյ촽ȻҲɽޱСҰڻֹͣȥʲô



ھ

СҰոедҲ̬ȱˡдҲѯƺתдҲΪʱҲìܣղŻתۼֻдҲ۾ͶĹâ

дҲ֪ζԴСҰաСҰպãֲɿСҰվȵıֻôԼдҲСҰյ̬ȺȣԼΪ

ҲСҰһĹİдҲഩһ·ɣ̫ˡůëдҲļϣСҰԱ߿ı

ԭеļ򽥽ůдҲ˿СҰգСҰ΢Ц֮ޱĵͷ¡Ҳ䣬ȥɱİɣҪҹдҲ٣ѾԽԽ޷ֵСҰն

СҰ뿪дҲ߽ϴõı΢ˮʹײдҲûټļԱߵĲ豭ˮ

豭ĲѾˡȻԸ⣬дҲԥ֮ǶŲ豭߽СҰռдҲԽˮеˮҲˮûˮˡȵһ£ѾտˮܿܺˣӹдҲĲ豭СҰհӵ»µĲ

дҲû뿪ǽ¯Ѿð̵ˮСҰտٵкһƻݸдҲòӲƻŽдҲ׽ʶ֭Ĺ⡣СҰϸĵĲŸϴõϵˮʱתͷڳƻдҲ˺ܰվڳ

ˮ̶ġꡱСҰչصԴˮ뱣ůðĲ豭СҰհѲ豭ݵдҲǰ»ʣ¼ƻĵӣдҲӹ豭

衣

дҲҪСҰռæӱڳóǿСڲ豭Ҳ̧ͷдҲ

һҪдҲСҰַŽȥǺȻ˵š

СҰֻýŷǡѾ鷽ǣдҲ˵СҰղٷǣõ裬ȻͷһڳζˣҲ𣡡

һҲ𣡡û׿ڳζдҲȻִֵ˵ֱСҰյְšıȵĲ豭ůţֱϸСҰĵ¶ȡдҲĲĵطҲڲš

űԼ곤üĵı飬СĵĴдҲ²豭СҰıסдҲҲ𣿣дҲԵĶһ¡ҲϲֻһԣдҲСҰպסǰĶҲӺܿɰҲҲϲëڶСҰշֵЦ

ҲԸҪ㡣

дҲû˵۾˫§СҰգ̧ͷǰ˵촽ȫضϡСҰձдҲңڴȥдҲ·

ܵľһѶѰһ弤ҵذڶţдҲСҰջ̵ʹ֮󲻿ɱĿС

СҰдҲĲӺͼǺۡսİ˵ΣԼxingдҲСҰغǰӣɫ߽ﲻݡ

ҡҲ㰮ң

СҰӵдҲֻܷȴܻӦյ˵벻ʱԵöʵ屻ǯţ˫ȱڳƣдҲĵشݺݵĳſ

дҲ屻СҰմطȥſڴֻβ߸ͦдҲ߳ܵĽѹͷϡָοԼӲֱxingڻûյʱԼѾСҰץסѹͷxingڼǰСҰס͵sheдҲ޽

֡գա䡭

СҰȻûз֡סдҲǳɫӲͦĺxһֳͷСҰдҲ㵹ȫ֮ŷſ֡ᣬдҲҵĶճȵİɫҺʧȥ־ĵСҰյĻ

СҰѹڴϣдҲü˯ȥСҰǰȸǸ̾ϢСҰյңԶ

Ҳ㣬ҲҴûк޹㡭ԣǰһҰɡ

ȵȥźˮо˺䡣ģǻʧȥġдҲе飬屻СҰһԼǳʵģиԼ뱧ˣҲиڽıԼʹҲã뱻ԼεıšһůůĻﰲȵ˯ȥ

աдҲֱ֡סСҰԼָдҲָʮָֻĹǽڿһ໥ĽǴָԼеʹ۾СҰյдҲһֻ§ĲԼϡСҰյļ羱дҲſǻСԼˡ

աաաſ˫Ȱ˼ндҲֻŲ뿪Լߡա



ԶҰޡСҰٴνдҲ塣˫ֱСҰյĲдҲ˫Ҳ˵

xǵĸоԽʹĲʡСҰյͷҵҴϢ촽дҲҧסСҰյĴͷȥַŲԼĿǻ

дҲСҰոҵĹ˾Ұһ˴˺ҧдҲ赽ǰͻȻСҰЦغܿġ

ӦúԼȻڰԼ



ʮ

ϾҪѧҵдҲȴ޷רĵĿеݡȻڹ԰СҰ˵˷ֵĻдҲûиеĺɡеظûг֣СҰǰ˵ıһҲԺʧ

ֵѾֹȥ˺üաСҰȴ˵Ĺϵûģüε绰дҲΪ˲øĸģдҲϻǺƽĺСҰͨ󲿷ֵͨʱдҲڳĬֻСҰղͣҪдҲѷֵĻջأȴûеõдҲκλӦ

дҲҪҵԺæΪڲȥСҰգСҰ̿ζڴѧſڣдҲǲʹҴ뿪СҰյĿధ;дҲеƣҺСҰղûǵԼ˲˹ϵľٶдҲ΢Щ

ΣдҲСҰշ֡дҲ֪뷨˽Ϊ˽Լǰ;ԲٺһкôȥСҰն˵ĹϵģдҲΪֻʮ껹ֻǸӡһӵ뷨ǵʵʵģСҰԼĵ֮ǰǴľٶʲôԣдҲοԼ

飬дҲ⡣˴ѩºܵ͡дҲĸĸȥμӸ׵ͬµĻдҲȥ˵ڼúÿܾ˸״ȫͬȥ顣

´ƬѩĽֵѾ˰ɫĻѩдҲпϵĽһкվѩ￴ԼСҰգ

ŴдҲСҰնšСҰջѧװϵĺΧѾʧȥ˱ůãСҰյͨ졣

дҲȥںʱӺҵСҰգǴܳȥѾûСҰմ˷䡣

ȥıѩСҰձдҲֻǲϵĿ֪ȥοĵкдҲֻðСҰյͷ§ǰԵصȴԼֹͣ

ҲҪҲ֣ҲҪϲҲҲҪ֣СҰػص˵šҪ֡ץдҲļԽԽǿ־дҲü

ȷ֣ץҺʹдҲʼԽԽʹСҰȴԽԽ

Ҫ㲻ҡǶҡҲҾˣСҰմĺУдҲƵɳϡһֱĻΪʲôͻȻ˵Ҫ֣ҲҲΪʲô˵֮ǴģҰǴҲԼϲҲҲΪʲô˵ҪͱŮ˽飿ҲҪ˵ĪĻҲ˵ϲңΪʲôͻȻ˵Ҫ֡Ҳϲ𣿵ĲãҿԸģ㲻Ҫ˵֣СҰպܼ˵ţдҲѹȴ޷ƿ

СҰյıʹ࣬дҲԭܺСҰպúõ̸׷֣СҰȴܽ˱ʵգ̫ˡǶ֮ǲаġ㻹СٳЩͻᶮˣڷܱԺٷҪ࣬׵ģſҰɣգдҲȰžǿСҰգͼƿѹס塣

Ҫҵӣ

СҰͻȻĺҶ˵ġҾϲ㣡ҲԺֻҪҲһҲ㲻㲻ϲѾǲܸıĵزˡҲ֣Ҳ˵ʲôҶ֣

дҲĳ׸ˣҲʼѻŭҲҪٺ㽲ˡҾҪ֣ϲҲûãƲСҰձʹĴļ

СҰִֵѹдҲϣ޷ϴﵽʶŤ˴ɳϵ䵽ذ壬дҲѾвСҰԱѹסζǳСҰմŴдҲֱšΪ˷ֹСҰԼƤס˫֡

дҲڸе˿־壬ߴ˫ȴСʲôſңգСҰյı鿴ȥǳΣգдҲûмգ֪ҴУСҰոԼĿڴסġ

Ŀڿһ𱻰£屻ȱ¶дҲҵĴ𺮲СҰյ쵽£¡дҲͷʧȥʶĳһƬľ״̬

ͻȻĴʹдҲҽгxڱӲǿн룬˶ĶдҲɬͨڡдҲʹ˵ΪⲻֱȽܵΪֻܱΪǿ

СҰһдҲҡ壬ȫдҲĸܡǿдҲȴ˵šԲҲҲҪ뿪ңҲûϵ뿪ҡ˵ֻȴ˺дҲ顭дҲҲ޷ܡ

ʶѾʼģдҲֻǱܵĽкšСҰûĽкֱһж޷صĶ֡

дҲھӽˣСҰձץߣе鿴һͨһˣ

дҲֻҪڷͥ˵ԼСҰյĹϵǿĪеͲСҰվͲΡû˵СҰҲֻĬĬеһе˿ûΪԼ粵˼ֻΪдҲ˽ΪСҰվͱǿӸжȹꡣ

дҲȸı䡣СҰճееȴһлصԭƽдҲסĵȥɫ۹⿴дҲͬġЦġĵĿдҲ޷ܣԼ˶ʼΪѾۻġֻԶܶ㿪ЩɣдҲ뿪Լ˶ʮĶԶԶ뿪Ǹйĵط



ʮһ

ҲҲѣº͵ų˯ŵдҲһֻůƸĶͷϡ

дҲɵ˫ۣմξ߳ʹһʱֲξʵСҰյǰȥʱɬѾʮСҰѾǸųʵĳˡ

ٲϰҪٵˣҲСҰдҲͼܿѡ

дҲСҰϡ廹ܲûлָƣۣûждҲСҰ˯ߡ

ҲҪٵˣСҰսвдҲֻļҡдҲ塣

ʹҪҡˡҵͷΡдҲֹСҰգȻסͷܵ塣СҰ뿪ˣдҲеʧʱСҰնһȲߡ

˴ζȲдҲ˲١СҰյݸ·дҲºǸܾöûĻ䡣СҰڷŶдҲ߸ƺ˵Щʲôûпڡ

дҲڲǰĬĺСҰճ͡СҰ˵ֱѾȬˣڴڵҧ˾ʳдҲҪһдҲ֪صĹ࣬СҰյֺҲ½һЩ»ɵС˿ڡдҲСҰյƤǰҲֲ࣬򢻹ûθɾĺ磬ʾԽǿζ

дҲʹСҰֹͣ˽ʳĶΪʲôôңҲʲô

дҲץʲôѱһæҡͷϡûСҡʲôû롭ͷ˾ͽȿڲȴֱѾˡ

ָдҲ裬СҰûټ͡СҰע׽˾дҲ˵һ䡣ƭˣ

СҰȥϰˣдҲʰòȻҲҪϰȥڸղСҰ˵ƭˡʱһֱľСѾ޷ٿСҰյ׽дҲеܷܲϺСҰһʱԼĸоġȻԼûиСҰκֵڴĳŵСҰȴֵһ

ڰĸодҲЩСҰսʵůĻСҰԼ˵šҰ㡱ҲҸĸжһĻǸһֱԼдҲϰʱĲɵСҰյ֣ȹһ졣

°ʱдҲ˾ɳȥļڻسʱ·һءȻһβ̵ľ룬дҲһ۾ϳڰᶯשСҰա

ȻǶ죬СҰѾͷǺˡĹҲ࣬˵ëףСҰŬĹš 

վԶСҰգдҲҪҪǰȥԼһؼҡԥʱдҲһŮ߽СҰһɾëСҰմЦݽӹëȻֽӹŮ˵ݹˮˮ˿Ǻڽ̸ʲô⡣

ŮдҲܴۡǳĿŮ˶СҰյİĽ֮飬ֺպ̬ܵҲдҲԽԽһת뿪أдҲŬղһĻȴôŮ˶ܵӰඨƵӡдҲ֮ȥ

صдҲһһ¿ӡץԼͷдҲеؿƵÿ촭

һСʱСҰҲˡдҲĿƽһ˵šһˡȻԡϴ衣СҰմһˬʼдҲڷ쵽ﶥǰ˵Ҫȥܳš첽ڴϣдҲ޴йΪѾ޷ȥضһдҲʹʶԼڰСҰա

ǻСҰգͲڼŮ˶ʱеƣǻСҰգǾͲẦһ뿪ԼȥĵطдҲ߿ޱյ֣ԼߣȴҶ˵һ㣡

ǲǻںջΪԼأдҲԼڷͥ˵ʶСҰʱյ˺жǸкԼ˽ƿΪ˱Լȴʹȹ˺üꡣôԼȴڳҵԼȴǱԼ䵭ĶԴдҲĿںʹֻ֪ҪԼ˵գôվͻܿģȴ˵

ôСųԼôأдҲѹ޷ֹͣᡣѾ˵ĽʹޣдҲԼĵСҲΪԼԶŵİޡҪдҲԼ˿ȻǸųˡôڿ޹֮дҲžģʱһжиˣ

һֲܹһеĽ



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дҲ˾죬ûиСҰյ¶һĻص˶ûֱӻصдҲֻǴ绰ĸԼһСȹݼ档

ĸɫһڵǰԼдҲʱĸײûطϲöǺֶܲǰĶӡ

Ҳôʱأӵ˾ֵòɿԷ˵ʲôҲϸѣ˵ǶҺסķҪջء˵Ļǳϴλӡǵģôʱءǵġ

ĸ߶߶ԹдҲĸһԸʶĻںޱ飬дҲĵ׵Ѫ֮鳹׵ˡĸ׶ĲдҲԸȥСҰձŸֵ

աʱдҲŸͲĸ׼ֱһ޴¡ڼڰڵ˶ʱֻεļ

ΪգдҲǰ¡裡ֻҲΪǵ鷳ӵΪֻһЩ飬һЩ͸˵顣

ĸڱ߶ݵ̧ͷɻؿдҲ

Ǽ˵˻ѡաǵСҰհɣʱ٣ȥҵġдҲĸ׵ıɻתΪȣ˵ʶڷǼ֮ǰҺѾǽ˹ϵˡڳܣһֱñ֪ںͬxinŻΪ˱Ҷû˵ʶʱҡΪҵųŲòεġ

Ҳ㡭ôᡭĸײҰòָָдҲôۻ㾹Ȼ˵

дҲƽĿѾ֪˵ĸףںסһǺܰңǰһİң裬ҽϲҲҪһҪΪǰĹҡҲٺֿˡ

̫ۻˣֱ̫ۻˣҲҺֻô̧֮ͷĸû㱻кҺ־ѾЦˣ㾹Ȼ˵Ǹкӱˡô¾֪̫ʧˣ

ĸСƤ㲻Ҫһˣֺӻ˺дҵӵġһҪˣԺҪˡ

дҲλһĿĸվҴҵ뿪˿ȹݡѾ˵Ŀֿûĺ裬ɬЦ±ǮȻ뿪ˡ

˸ùס£дҲż±ͨĸ׵ĻѾ֪дǲٻȥˡԼһк±۰ĸ׿һۻ¡ٻдҲдκεϵĸ׿ڸġΪдҵӣΪӵĻǱѾˡ

ͬģҲǱ˵ġ뵽ȥݷСҰҵ£дҲΪնеʹ

дҲŸոſ˵ԼСҰյѾͱոߴĸ׵صĹšֻ֮ת뿪дҲȴ˲úյĸ׷ϡ

ǡյ𡭡֪Բԣյĸ֪ӱ߿ޱдҲǺӻ֪ðϳȥܲۿְְ

ʹ޵֪ӣдҲܸӣǸε塣Բ𣡵¶ҵĹΪҲŻεġ

֪סϸĿдҲд

֪֪ѾϳݣдҲѶԼĸ˵ĻٴζСҰյĸ˵

ǰ֪࣬Ӱû˵֪ӵϸֱ任ţоȡпաġȴһҡ֪ҲдҲղؾϹдաͰչˣ㲻Ҫܵ˺ˣˡ

֪˵յĸƵģٵʱԴæˡ֪СӰʧʱдҲԼССĳ





ڶ糿дҲϵվһ˳ϻرóƱдҲ绰ͤ绰

ιҲ𣿣Ҳ𣿣ﰡ

дҲûͲһߴСҰռеѯ

ҡڶĳվϾҪȥˡ

ҲȥʲôҵһҹΪʲôҪ˵һ͵ȥҲǲҪ뿪ˡ㰡Ҳҡڵ绰һ߿ˣ˵šҪ뿪дҲ̾ϻǣһȻЦݡ

ҪˣգھͻȥˣһȥΪʲôòã㵽վȥң㰮ԵԭݵĶɳͷвǰǳȥԵҰɣգһؼҡջ𳵵վʱдҲµ绰û˿ͷҲصĴ߽վ̨ڱյǸԢԼļˣ˵ѾΪ˹ȥ

΢ζŵĻдҲɵĻζû˯дҲƺֻص˺üǰĴѧʱ

ӣļѾΪСҰմűͦĸƷдҲӣĻᡣСҰռ翿ż£дҲ֦ʹۡ

õ۾ȴԵСҰڼƮķɫӣꡣܶ໨СҰհ𣬷ɫĻдҲͷϡϡ

ʲôأգдҲĽеվϵĻ궶дҲ˵ĵСҰա

ӡСҰЦ˵ҲӺƯҺϲҳ˾ͺҲ飬һҲҸģҲվߵдҲǰ˵ļ򡣡ϲҲһԶôϲҲģ

дҲȾСҰձ¶ãŸϸе˵ĵеȿɰֺЦ֪ԶǶ೤ʱ𣿡

೤ʱ䣿ͷϸ˼СҰտ棬ȻͻȻƵЦúܲõ˵ԶԶԶ

дҲҲЦˣؿڼҷŵ۸оſֱӵЦݲõкͷŴ͸ɫҶ֮Ľɫ⣬΢۾ŰҸԣ

ԶԶԶԶ



𳵵վǰļû𳵵ĻζһЩдҲŽɫξ򳵴棬ɵΪѾˡ˿ֻǰʱ䣬ϸŷƮɢϸϸСѩں䳵һֲȥԱܸĿľɫдҲָڳĲϺܿĸеָⷢʹı䡣

רעĿ棬дҲŻ𳵽̨ʱ̨ϡϡ˵ܿͿһϤ˵ֱͦվѩĿڳĴϽѲţƺڴܿڵȴˡ

дҲվȡԼȲţԽԽҲ΢΢ڳǰдҲ͸ǰĲ˵Ȼľһڻͣ³Ŵ򿪵ʱдҲĬĬ

գһˡ





ϿεѾ˺ܾãľңڱﲻȥϿΡѾתѧУһѧˣľң޷ڽͬѧСԭסµľң衢סһȥѧУѧٿɸԶܺõ֡ڶĸΪֳɫְλǨӵǰĸס޶ӵ˶ס

ľңܸ˿һһ𣬿ɱ̵˷ܣľңҪ˺öࡣ뿪һֱԼܺõǣľңܵڶԽѡתѧĵһ죬ľңΪ˵ʱ¿ͬѧǳЦȻֵʱȶе๤СЩ׾ľңܿĳΪͬѧ۸ϷŪĶ

ѧϰȱʱ˲٣ľңѧϰϺܳɼ½࣬ɸĸȴΪֻһʱѡڰ༶ܹ¶ľңѾͬѧΪǸԸļһľңеѹͬѧﲻͣⶼ˭İ

ееͷΣľңɵҲȥϿΡѾ˺ܾã緹ûгȴеʦ֪ȥˣľң뿪˱ҡ

ûлؽϿΣľңڿտУ԰лΡУ԰иС֣˵У԰ĻĵطľңϿεʱӦûѧ˰ɡѧУôʱһν֣ɣ̧ͷ͸Ҷ⣬ľңҲ֪ࡣ˿ɾĵط£żСľңʼµĿʱ⡣

ľңϵõͩ˾ʹ˾һңǺܿġ˳һ򾣬Ȼܵߵ㡣ÿδ˾Ϊס㣬Թһң㿾áζûȴô˾ңԵĺ㡣ʱͬѧǻȥֹС벩֮һƻȻС벩֮ĸ׻ͬѧǺöƻҳƻ໥Լæ

¶Ǻõ飬ͩ˾ΪͬһŮкøжܶľңǼֵܿ¡ͩ˾ڹʱתѧˣĸĸȥ˺Ѿ˿꣬һǰľңûյ˾дšǰ˰ɣȻôõôܲš

ţľңȻнŲΪѧУѲߵʦľңæ㵽Ųھ밫ԲԶĵطͣ˵

ڰľңһһŮѧеĽţŮĽСɡ˵һ󻰾͡ĿʼǣľңֻڵϿ龰ԼݣȻֻѿߺ졣

һ֮Ϳȥľңû뵽֮󾹷չƼ¡

ïܵİң˵ϰɴӷ϶Ŀڵһ˵°˵¶һأͭɫĽʵңԼӵеġӦŸߴģý˫Ůȼ䡣Ůβı¶šѩ׵Ĵſ͸Եķ϶ľңܺĿxingŮ塣

ҵң˫ĴִŮƵ໥ľңס䣬ȴǴûŴĹĤȻѾʮˣңûпAƬΪۻģʱڻеοΪСѾôȴûйοֻдŸ߹ͩ˾Լ˵õңεıʾ

ſڰң̲סĿ˰ŮִxingŮʪ͸Ķʪ˫̲סٴοǸңеԼҲ΢ı仯

ƺеβŮԽԽ߿ҲԽԽ٣ȻҲһصĴϢңŮĶɫҺ壬xingҲͬڵŰҺ

ԽԽܣľңŲȥܿŮˣȴһ¡ңŵһζڳˡǲ׼̵ģȻңҲͬǲܷԹϵİɡ 



ңҲ޷ߣѾſŲܳʱңоѾʼˡ滺࣬ң΢һ·ĽſȴС֦졣

˭ڳ̵ˣعͷץסңľңܵʱѾˣһץסϳ˰ԡ

źµңֻøߴԼϷֳصѹȸң۾ֻܲͣ

㡭ңȷʣԭԼᱻľңСĵ˫ۿ

ͷѾ˲ɢҵǰЩסĳĿʾеĴΪȶ΢šңʶȴֲܿ϶

Ǵ˾ң㲻ϵ𣿣þ鰡ǲŷֿ겻ѡ˾ͷǺǵЦңĴϵĳ

δľңҲȵĿԳǡ˾ļһȷǴ˾ûɴ˾ʵģǰڰѧУŮ̵ֳĲѧˡ

Ǵ˾𡭡ңǲȷ㲻ţղǸŮƺšôĺͩ˾ء

˾ĻȥҰˣļ޸һŵˡ˾ϻ˲ѱı顣

ޣľңһʱҲ֪˵ʲôá

˵ˣôҲˣ

ңٴطĺԼľò˿һĶңԼ۸ȫ˴˾ȻڵĴ˾ǰĴ˾һˣңΪ˾ǸԼһĴ˾ûκεĸı䡣

ľңٴ˸ı䡣Դ봿˾ط겢˵ľңԼڰ༶ԵҲ˸ơ

봿˾ĵڶգ˾ʱҲͬľңʹ˾ĳԹ緹صң̱üŮΧס

ľͬѧôʶͬѧ

˧Ŷ㾹Ȼܺʶ

аУľͬѧתͬѧš



ŮͬѧһһŪûͷԵľңŷĺѴ˾ȻôŮĻӭһңʹͬѧǵĿ˵˴˾У顣

˾תУͷ˴¼Ӵ˾롰ʹ˹Ըûн鲻ѣڴ˾ľңͬѧô𾪡Ϊ˾ߴ˧ܶŮԲѡɴ˾ûй̶ĺһŮڰĽŮ֮Ľּʡ

ͬѧǿ֪Ĵ˾ľңʶĴ˾ȫͬˡľң﴿˾ֻǸӳ峤ǿ׳ˡܡŮǰĴ˾ȫȥ¡ǰķʽ봿˾꣬ľңܸеʲôطԾ

봿˾طѾˣľң˴˾ԼͶ˵̬ϵĲͬԼһĴ˾ЦúºͣңǺϸĵչˣҲİңȥеѵ¡һˣ˾ºЦݾͱޱĮңȻܸ˴˾ԼӿֺܿЩ˾ܵİĽߡ

ľңǻָһЩǰĻáڼյʱʹ˾һڴ˾ķϷǿ¼Ӱʹ˾һ档ңϲʹ˾һʱ⣬֪˾۸ҲᳰЦ˾ᱣܵ˺ͬѧΪ֪˾ңѵĹϵٶκ۸ľٶңڿԹĸ

ڰŮϲ˾ңŮͶʵԱŮĽңһӦúܵ¡ÿңѴζķۺŷ⽻˾ܻῴ˾һŭĵ˺顣ңⴿ˾Ϊʲôôʴ˾ǵòشֻȥĴ˾ңȴȥͬǸô˾֪ԼŮ

ľңٰŮ飬Ǵ˾ңܹó˾ͬʱһ˿ˡΪӴ˾ѣң¾ĲǴ˾¡

ĩ˾ңȥϷ˯һңҴҳ̵緹˵ȥ˾Բ緹˺װ򵽵Ϸܳš·ң˼ʳ˾ȻʳңǳԱ˼ҵĶԼҲӦôһЩԺʹ˾һԡ

˾ң˾ҲǸûáͷҵĴ˾һû˯ѵӴң˵Լһȥ衱ͰңԼȥԡҡңھԺ׾ҵϷ·ңԼһ;ֻԼһͦĵĶͣ֡ڵذϿŴ˾Ĵң̧ͷŰɫ컨塣˾ķңķҪ˾ĸټ޵ĶǸǮˣ˾˵Ȼ˺ܺÿǲԸְ֡ң֪˾֡ڲӦĸ׸ļ޶Ϊ

ңӶǴ˾飬ϲʹ˾һ𣬺ʹ˾һʱһְȫУңְȫ˶޷ġ

֪˶೤ʱ䣬˾һˬĽ뷿䡣ңչͷңϷ˵顣˾ûдң˵飬ȴѰѹңļң˵ϵ֡

ңӴ˾ŵζζ͸ĳܵ˴˾ɢ˾ĲңǰңԺĿ˾Խ°΢΢¶̡

˾ƺеңļܳұ§סңļסԼ岻㵹ңı˾ǿֱ§ססͷĴѹ˾ΪʹԼĲң촽ϡ

ңȻ֪˾Ѿ˷ֿﳤֱ࣬봿˾ңŷԼڴ˾ǰǶôСңԼڴ˾٣һֵɧĴܡ˾ķ˿ңıǼ⣬ңıǻ˴˾ջζζȺܸζңңɵһ¿ˮԼԼĺʱжô޴



ңᷢһʱ˾ͻȻ뿪ң壬վң˵ҪȥõĺϾ¥ȥңסؿڴĴִѾԵȶȾȥΪʲôԼΪ˾ĿֵĸоңҵΪԼһﲻˡ

˾űƮζĵĽңæץһޱϡסѸٵĽ¶ȣңúһ޿һߵϡ˾ңֵģЦˣʶż°װϷңȻ˼ɻ̲סݺݵĵ˴˾ۡ

һңʹ˾Ǻ˷ܵģϷﾡƴɱ˲ݲݳԹı㵱ͼģսϷ

˴һСʱңѾĵõĴ˾ɱƬײúܲҵңֱšۡȻڴŴ˾ҲֱңһŴϢ

Ϸңʴ˾㻹ʲôÿ¼Ӱó

¼Ӱ˾̧ͷ룬ȻҡҡͷûµİܻһЩûлȥʲô뿴İɣֺ˺ôһڣ˾ָָʾңԼȥҡ

ңڴ˾Ĺ﷭ȥ¼ӰɲԼľԼȤġʱңͻȻڽһεֽù򿪣һûκαʶ¼Ӱı߸ߵĵң¼Ӱص˾ߡ

ʲô˾Ϊʲôûϱǩʲôݰ

˾ң¼ӰɫúܲȻ˵ֻǺĵĶһÿңû¼Ӱȴңɵˡ

ʲôҪô¡˾Ŵ˾ֱңԾƶ˾ǻԼңԼ˾ΪǳɰЦ򶯴˾

ΪʲôҪô氡˾ȻͶˡǡAƬû˵Ŷͬѧҿģһûлֲġ˾εţȴң⡣

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뿴ңץ¼Ӱ˾˾ԼõѣǾԼAƬֶûмʶҲᳰЦĺѡ뿴ҿɣ˾

˾ɴ۾˼ĿңдŶ˵οûѻ뿴AƬ뿴𡭡˾ܿ϶ٴľң

ҪңͷֻAƬѣңΪѾʮԼֶʲôס

ǡ˾ԥңȴ¼ӰŽ˻￪ʼš˾޷ֹңΪֻðԼȻ˵ԼҪģʱɲҪڰ 

ֻǿAƬѡңЦŴ˾Ļʲôúڵġ

ϻ˸ĺڰɫʧĻͻȻֵһ˵ңһңľһߵĴ˾͡Ц˳ͬȴΪ˵ŵң˼ͷңûʱĻϾȻֳһˡ

ңĿɿڴĿĻϵڽǡ໥еһ˰쵽һ˵xingضš

ȻͬAƬң߼˹ȥصȴ˾סԼǰң§ڻƿסңж˾ң͸Ķ˵Լ˵ҪģȻѾʼӦÿ갡ң

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˾ңĶߺǺǵЦǲзӦˣʲôúߵģİңοûй˿ͬAƬȷ̫̼˵㰡

ңܲ˴˾ĵЦҧ´ͨۿЩᡣ˾ûзſңң§øץң˫֣˾ͻȻְңص¡Ĳλ

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ĿǿҵңȻڴ˾ϡҪܾȴ˵ĻңһǳŴʹûԿӿ糱ˮ˲ûңʶܵʱʱصѹңס˾Ĳſ˫ȼҪסʲôȴŽż⽫ϥǳޡ

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ѸٵĿдңϳεĸchaoˮĿŴ˾ңŴ˾ϵԼİɫҺۡĿ޳

쵰쵰˭ôˣ˭׼ҵģءľң˾ʹޡù֣˾ù֡ңʹ˾Ҫң׳Ĵ˾ûаĴ

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˾ͷңļ羱Ϻıң㣬ңйζúţٴᴥң촽ҽɣһúðңģңңӦҰɣ

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ſ˾˽ڿңѾ˾æңʱȥȴңĴᡣ

Ҫң쵰뵽ԼѾַˣңĵٴο޳ȻᱻԼõŪ壬ңͷϱ߿ޱŴ˾޳ܡ̬쵰쵰Һ㡭ҲҪˡ

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ң˾ڵϣҲ˺ġ 

Ѿ˰ҲңްңԭҰ˾˫ֳڵϣͷ͵͵ļڵ档ˣң

ٴ˾ңҵԼ·ϣڴ˾ҡҡλε뿪Ųķ䡣˾ǰ·ܳңֻҪһңңͻĺУûа취Ĵ˾ȻȴҲֻøңĲԶңֱңȫĻصҲŴż뿪

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ǩңָֻϵǩϵϸǩתţңƺֻʱӡ

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ңھһºѾʵȻ޷ⴿ˾Ϊʲôϲңô˾ϲԼңʱϲȥҴ˾棬һʱҪԼͬѧһʱҪࡣңΪ˾˵һλϵ仰Ǵģ˾ңʵǸ˸ҪĴڡ

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ɿҲʼȡң촿˾ʱͻӦסӲĶŪŪ˰ȴ䲻ĸоȴԽԽǿҡս۾ңǴ˾ڸŪԼɻʵĲʹң޷õʱȴеѿ߳ܡȴòοңѹĿ޳

Ҫ˾ңȵķ徹ȻҪ˾ҪǸԼƿĴ˾

ңųصȥѧѧУңĲɵſͷȴ봿˾ͺáǲȷԼǲϲŴ˾ңֻ֪Լ뿴˾ͱ˽Ҳϣ˾ǰһĴԼߡңڿϳüʹʦΪ岻ȥ˱ҡ

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˾˾ֻҪŴ˾֣˾Լ뷨˰ɣң˾Լߴ˾ԼҪʲô



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ͣӢõһֱǸĴڡ

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ֻһԼĵѧѣȴû뵽Լᱻ˲ͷĶԴǼҪѧĸлֻϣԼΪİﵽѧӢǿеĿɬŬʹԼҪ̫

ֻѧϣܰѧûҪѧʲôлңֻҪѧܿľͺá֪ûа˼˵Ӣס۾е֪Լѧջ粻ǣôѧ޷ͣȻ֪ôûõĿˮȴס䡣

ôίڿŵѧܣµҲֳСô˵ѧǴԼѧУĴ֡Ǽ£ԼȫҪӵĶԴʵûе

Բ𡣡ҪǸɣ߽ӢãݸڿӢáӢץȴ޵øıסӢõͷԼļϣӢõıοţû˵

˼죬ӢѧУ˽ɱΡûٴακֵӢЩȡ

ɱδӢߵƧĽѯϴڶ¥ϣڳ𣿡

ѯʵľȻ£Ӣһʱ֪λشɱһûʲôϳһǳǳ޴롣áĸ˵Ǵ̵ġҲȥʹʱһڶ¥ĳͬѧһҧڳ̣˵ʱȰ˶ûͬѧɲԸ˵ǲģ

Ӣõ³һ飬ûȥϸΪʲôѧУϲʦȴ볯˵ʵȫ෴Ļѻ

µҲʲô˰ɣ˵ʵǳѧڳ̣ȻӢԼԵõָǳѧҪֻܵҪѧԼΪ˱ȫԼ˵ѵĶĻѧڴĴѧѧԺǰ;ͻܴܵӰˡӢֻ֪ҪԼ˵һ仰ͿԳչȫֽͬ

ҡ죬ڳ̡ѧ˵Ķġֻԥ˼ӣӢû˵˻ԳĻԡһδֻѧɲ㣬ôеɣӢͦţԱǸѧɣ

ɱοӢãӢҲηĻʦ֮ɱŷƿߣ˵ġ



ܿģѧŰˡӢôͲûпĴѧֻǱһԵĶѧ¼ȡˡʵӢҵ˳͵ļҡ

ͲûӢýԼļңһ仰û˵İӢô˸һľĿȵꡣ

ûпӢһۣ͵ȺŤͷŴ⡣Ȼ֪ѧûпĴѧѹӢôҲ벻ΪʲôѧҪô䵭̬ȶԴԼĬ˺ܳʱ䣬˭ûȥĿȶˣӢòСĵĿڡѧǸѧ¡

˵֣ӢþͱͺݺϵȭͷŵصûڰĿȵԵøԶļԱҲ̽ͷӢߡҺõﲢûʲôˣԵԱûйѯʣֻڷʲôĿڽǡ

͵ɫǳѿӢõĿҲǳ׺ݡôҲ벻ͨԼʲôǵѧµӢֻñ첻˵

㣡㡭ս˫ȭصϣΪ㣬ǸһҲȥпʦ˵ҺΥУѧһ𡣽ΪûпѧֻΪ˿ҳһԵʾֻȥ϶Ĳѧ㻹Ҹʲôں޲ôͲʶ㰡

ԭԼʹѧʧȥ˽ѧʸ˵ӢҲܲܡ˵ǴΥʹҲԼڴѧܹİҲֻ˵ǻصԭ㡭 

˶ĬŲ˵һںȹǰĿȻͳǮϡվҪ뿪ĳ£Ӣüæ׷˹ȥ

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ҲҪ붼ûľ;ܾˡ

סҪѵ֣Ӣٴο󡣡Ϊѧģѧҵʱ͸ѧѧϲǾѧҿĵطɣڣѧ

Ļҧ촽΢΢ֶֶҲŲҪѻӢãתɿˡ

ǸƯĻҵӢõȻڵأϵĳŪˡ

ۿų͵ӰʧӢöǸȥĻҳӢðٴηڴԭѧôѧ׵ġǱܾˣǷݡϲҲ޷˵ڡ

ӢԼĸúɱʲôϵû뵽ȴЦ˵Ǹõˣ𾪵ӢûҳһţȻͻȻԼҲҪõѧġ

ԭȴʳϲֻϲѧŻʲôںԸΪκ°ɣŰʱʱ̵̿Ǳ͵ĴϻۺòӢԼȴǸɼһ㣬òҲ㿡ͨ˶ѡʼԱӢ÷ϲһ˾ȻôȴҲɬ



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ȴҲʹ飬ЩѾǺܾǰˡӢѾǸ̤Ṥ˺ü꣬޷һҲ޷һֻΪǸˡ

Ӣÿ°ؼҵĵһ¾ȥסԼĳ͡ʱ򣬳͵ľ״̬ࡣɫ˺ĳǰĴڷÿֻǿӻÿʱ䡣

ӢûȥʳʹְԭżȻʲô£ôͲҪѧѹˡӢõӡѧǸεĳĽСŮӡһҴҵ糤ǧǳڴѧҵʶġӢһֱ֪εĴڣֱһ쳯һƬ˵ҾҪŮ˽ˡʱӢò׳ͽύŮѡ

סӢõļѾаˣӢѾкóʱûлؼҿĸÿһεļͥۻҲ˲μӡ

ϰʱ䣬Ӣյ˸ôĵ绰˼ŵͷͬ£Ӣֻֻܵ¥ݼ䡣ڵ绰ӢΪʲôؼҲμӼͥۻᣬҪӢýؼȥʽ׵Ľδ򡣲ô˵Ѿʮһӣӽҵϲ˿ԳˡȻԷǸӢûҪСˣǼȻϲ˾ûʲôˣϾ˶ϣҸ

ظĸļңǾ˵ܻԼĹԢˡӢ뵽ͶһڹԢﲻ֪᲻úóÿķ˶ӢǰʳĳȴӢʲôͳʲô뵽ԢûʲôԳԵĶˣӢֻô绰߳ȥ

绰һߵĳֻĬĬӢ˵ĻֻһֱӢʲôʱعԢֱȷӢһʮ֮ǰȥӢùҶ˵绰



ӢõļͥԱһˡԿݻĸĸʹĸ㡣ڼѧҵòֽӢСʱԼҵĳԱСĺӣӢʵڸĸֽĳ谮³ġӢúͼ֪˸õǸˣһúӢϹĸеʦǸһֱΪõĹϵǲĶĻ˵ʲôҲõˡΪ˱Ǹ̫ΣӢĸĸҲӲȥõĹԢֻĵĵȴǸԼͨ

ڽҲҵˣӢúܸпĿŽǱԼСҸű˴˵֡뵽ԼⱲӵĳȴ׵ĻᶼûУһ͵͵̾

ӢֱŤ𣿽Ҫѵ㲻ģôݵЦţһȲӢõߡֻʣ㻹ûҵϲˡҪҪҽһЩŮӸ㰡

˵ˣ֪ϲ˭ӢڸбҵʱͰԼϲǳ͵¸˸ãϾϲҲˡϣܸһЩ飬ȴ˵ֻƯһﲻֵӢȥϲû˵ʵ֮ûĴѧΪȥµľֳ⣬ҪǸпʦȥ˵ºͲѧһԳҲԲʲôƷõˡôֻΪþԲԼĵܻܵѧУ̡벻ѧ֮ԿѧȻΪԼʼӢûдӸõκΰֻܣҪ¸κˡ

ɫӢãѲ豭һȻȾɵɫİ볤治Ϊʲôϲˡô˽˭ϲİ

Ҿϲ˰͵͵ĽкӢҲܿաԴӳͽӢһֱڶԼ˵ôô׵ľͿǾͲϲ˰ֻҪһϲͲȥˡ㲻Ҳһ𣿸Ϊ˵õɱʦˣôֶΣɱʦҲΪϲȥ°

ӢᵽԼˣֻñ졣ˣȻôִҲùˡֲܵõôһֱʲôáʱľ̫ܵˣʲôһͷûлܴЩ



عԢʱԤҪһСʱѾҹһˣӢŵĴ򿪹ԢšһƬʲôӢԱߵĵƿأһ˲䣬ӢÿڿɳӰ

ʱӦѾ˯˵ĳʹ˿ȴϥɳһصëȴ˫ţһһĲ֪Ϊ仹Ϊԭ򡣳Ӣúʱųٶ۵̧ϥеͷһӲӦͻȻֵĹʹãȻıŤĺ

Ӣϵ׸ڳ±˫ϣó˫Ѿɫ˫Ѿ䵽ľĵزˡΪʲôȥ˯ѧִôٻŽšǻİô֪ϧԼĳͣӢøеһӣӢȴ֪ĳô졣 

Ϳ˿ӢֵͷָŤŸڽϵĻӢõµףָءԼ˵Ļʮ֮ǰģڶѾôʱ䡭ΪʲôҪ˵ѰͻȻ͵ƿ·վŵĽŲڵذϣֺȴΪܲ˵ذıΪ˸ҪɣҹһҲûϵİɣֻǸû˹ĵĿ棬ҲҵĻҴž͵ͷȻʵǸҰװģļһӢҲİɣӢҲǺЩһҵĶԲԣ

ͱͷһЪ˹Ĵ˵ţӢĻҲ̲סҪˡѧô˵Ҳûѧ˵ѣֻǺҼʱ΢һЩ˵ʱҲѧ˵ҪΪѧסѾһûлȥĸˡѧӸղž;˵ЩĪĻʲôᰡ氡֮һֱ˵ѵѧһֱҺͱѧ˻Ƚ𣿣ֵѵѧ𣡿ɲѧҪ˰ֻΪ˾ͱ֣ǲΪԼбֵɣӢҲķų͡

Ҿô԰

Ǽźͬʱģ͵嶶üҪԻ˼鲣ɢڵƵ˾ļڰķصһӢֻ㶵ؿųڵĳ

ۿдͿܺҲôᰡʲô취ǡǡáڱ˵ֲܷô˭ܰԡԱֳ˵ı顣ΪʲôҪȥôΪѵ顭͵ץסӢõ½ǣ̧ͷ󡣡ӢáӢ㲻Ҫ𣿶Բ𣡶ԲҲǹⷢƢģֻǺܲһֱҪӢò˿ô찡Һ£ҪӢҲҺǿô찡ô졭

ѧԿ޵ôҵˣӢõһӶάֲˡ޵ĳ£¡ѧ㲻ҪҲѧģѧĵסӢò׳˵ĵʲô麦ôʹ࣬ЩžǺóͱ˴ԭɣ

һֱ½ץס޷뿪ӢֻҲɵϡһ͵һֻ̽ӢõؿڣסȻµµ廹ûֱֹͣӢðѹϵĴ§סֺҪɢƵĶŽֹͣѾƽ˯ȥĳ£Ӣ̧ۿ컨̾ţһֻܻŹȥȴûδ֮ҹ˰ɣ



꼶һ꣬Ӣöûټֱ͡ӢҲھͶѧ¼ȡż˼һѧ

ûʲô仯Ψһı˵ģǳ²ѧУķҲעĿĽˡȻֻһѧɫɫҺܻͻҵѧҲ١֮£ֻѧϰɼһЩòһЩĳ;ͲǶôͻˡϲҲûʲôر𰮺õĳ߲ΧƣӢýѧ󣬼ľԼЦݣԸҲƧЩĳ͡

ԴӢõ֪˳֮ԿĴѧΪԼĸˣֶΣԶԳ£ӢóˡϲһΡǵĳͺ󣬻Ǹо˻ϲϾϵѧɲӢͷܿϵأ

ʱڵһμʱĲٴμʱĻϲӢø˵ķֳ»Ըѧܵġ

ԽԽ¶Ĵѧ˸ʱͳԼѧܣѧȻǰһĳ羴ԼʧõԽٴθ˳

ȻܲϲΪ˽ƻľٶӢȴû˵ʲô춼ų˵ŴѧҵľҵȡΪ˳ͷضҪ飬ӢͬʱҲʼΪµġ

ӢԼĽѾϹ˺ü꣬ӢۼǳԹ˺ܶĿͷҲ˺ܶŬŵõڹ˾źӢõĳڵ׳־ĥ

ӢúͳһĴѧֻж̶̵ꡣӢý߾ܵĹάų£ǳȴӢöİϧӦѾ֪˾ԼƢ˹ֵӢҲ󣬳¾͸ԵӢá

Ӣüе³еһڳæžӪ˼ʹϵʱӢðѧϰҪõĲϣ鲻ʱӢóΪɧĶ󣻳ԼʳӢôӶ˵ĴӢȻûаԹԡ

ڳʹѧҵӢõŽһЩȻӢԼѧҵҲ˽ŵıҵǰϦǸʹ绰£ȷڹĺòá

ܺͳ;ֻõ绰磬Ӣͷ±Լ顣ʱ̶ֻԼ˽ˣӢȴ޷ԳµǷڡ顱顣˵ֻ»ᱻǸĳЦɣ

ѧ˳ҵӢΪ˹·æû̫ʱþöûٸ´绰ֱĴ绰Ҫ棬ӢòѾóʱ䶼û뵽λѧˡӢΪôöû뵽ǰʱ̶ϵĳΪǷݡϲѾ˰ɣǣٴμʱʵֻԼĴڿµʱӢ÷ԶǸЦݵżĴȻࡣΣԳµءϲӢǼܵ£

һҴ͹˾ϰ࣬ŲüµĿɫװԵȡ¿ܸˣӢڸкʹѧʱ䡣ô˵ǿʵĺܲѧӢһֱֵĳĬһ䶼ûᵽԼĹֻһֱ˵˵Ĺȥ

Ӣ֪ǲ˵ϵ¿ɻ̲סʵѧڵĹ𣿡

һʳڣӢþͿԭɫѸٱò԰סͶӢѯʵĿⲻ˵һ֮˵ǲṤ𣿡

Ϊ˳ŲᵽɣӢҲ˵ʲôĬ˼Ӻ¾ͽڻˡ˺þòһξۻݲݽˡ



Ǵξۻ֮Ӣ绰Լ˳ͺüΣǶ˵Ҫܾˡ

ֱһӢͻȻӵµĵ绰Ӣñѯסַ˵Ҫϵʱ

ʱ䣬ӢѾҵˡʱӢֻζѡ´ǺӢûӢסĵطַľٶӢõһֲĸо

ѾҹʮһˣӢڼȴų¡΢Ӣܹȥţͼװơƹ޵ϴվǰ

ҺȾưɣЦŶӢ˵װơƵϴº߽Ӣõļҡ

ڵϰơƴ򿪣ֻһ޽һ޵ĺšӢõûȼڵơƣĵĿų¡

ͺȾƵȫҪԼƵġϳ˺ü˵ơƹ޺󣬳ѾˡӢϵĳ´ӿڴͳһѾ۵Ȼ˿ֿ˿ӢãݸӢã¿Цͣ

ҵĽҪҪμҵĻ񰡣Ӣá

ҪϢӢõĶͶһöըӢÿ̽ĺɫֽƬȵĲ֪Ǻá

óһƬݸӢãָƬϵŮ˼˵š糤Ů˵ϲңҪҽ飡ҵĹɼʲôϵҾҪΪ糤Ůˡ

ǡѧϲ𣿡ӢȻû뵽ôҪ飬Ѿ׵ԼûʸȥֹɣĿӿʹӢֻҪѧϲǸŮˣôԼӦúúõףǰ

ϲΪʲôҪϲƯᣬ糤ǧ𡭡ĻҾ糤ĺѡˡϲͱ۾ڳݲ˵ţȫϲεŮӣǳ糤λòͬ顣

ϵĿơƹ޻࣬ѾˡӢð̱һŵĳ·ŵɺãȴͻȻסѯʡ

ӢأӢϲ𣿡

ϲӢԳЦЦԼϲϾҪˣ˽ԼĻҪõļһԼȴôϲ

شˣȴץӢõ·֡ϳ¸˫ۣӢȴ˵˻ѻ

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Ӣô˵ڷſ֣屳Ӣò˵

ʰ귿䣬Ӣվڴǰһҹڶ쳯Ӣƽİ컹ҪӰ࣬ԾͲȥμѧĻˣǳǸһǻͺģףѧܹҸ 

𡭡ӢòȥӹĳԵ÷ǳûо񡣡Ǿ˰ɣʲôҲˡӢԺҪˣҲ㣡ǻǲҪټ˱ȽϺã˵ĻԼĶͷҲص߳ӢõĹԢ

ۿųµȥӢջʲô޷˵Ϊٻټѧģȴ֮Ժ󶼲ҪټˡӢѾʹԼ޳ؿڣôʱĵҪȽˣ



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ȥĻ仹ԺΪҲȴԼĻӢ峿ʱԺ˯ˣǵϵûϴķʱֻ˯СʱӢþ˹

ֱѾĸоӢһֱȴСľŵ˯ڻĳܵ͡˺ܴľţӦû˯еĳ;Ȼ͵ĴӴѵĳһ˲ƺ޷жԼںδŵɨһУ߶ȻŵӢϡǽѹĳڿӢúŷĵı۾΢΢ٵסԼؿ૵˵˾ʲôٴ¡

û峯˵ʲôѵһߵı¸ڳϣӢ´׼͡

Թ򵥵ͺϰ໹һЩʱ䡣ҵţ»˯Ӣվſڿһ°뿪صΪ϶С󣬱Ӧû˯ŵĳ;۾ڴϱűֱӷˡࡱļ²Ϻ·

¹ȵ֮࣬ϴɾȴΪֻһ¶ˡµĴָƬܿĴ˿ʺѪ˿ȻֻǺС˿ڣ¶ʹҪ޳ı顣ؿ˿ֱѪҺɰѪʱ²ŰָŽ˱ĵĸоµѪĭȻôҲ޷ȥܵס졣

ҪӢ߾ͺˣȻſȴûκˡѾסڸʱܳԼѧܼڷָôʱ䣬ӢѾǸ¶ΧתӢˡٴθܵӢϸĺǻʱĿ֣ٴγΪӢŵˣѾʲôûвǿֻܽסԼʲôʸҪӢأſڲŲҪٴοĬĬšӢÿɡͣҲ֪Ѿ˶ٱ飬еǳįĳ»˺ܾõᡣ

֪»ڹԢĬĬӢͷڷæĹмʱ䡣˹ŷѾˣҺĩҲüӰࡣ뵽˿ԷһµĩЩ˷ܣӢżȻĩѧһ顣ӢһЩʳͳԻĲϻصԢ

һȻڿŵڴʱ䡣Ӣúͳ´кȥ׼ٵ׼ûȻгԣӢðõʳڳǰ

ĳˣ¿ڶڰϺǵӢáӢҲ԰ɣ˵ĻͲóˡ

ӢðѰõϺŽµɾ˫ֺꡣԵĲ˵ȷЩˣӢôӹЩѧùҵģѧҪЩſԡӢüõʳ볯µԼʳȴҪˡ

¿æʳӢúԼѾʳѻĺ˵룬ȻѰ챻˵ָݵӢõǰҽ룬ֱˡָۣҲҩˮ

ô˵Ӣüæסֻ˵ϸ쿴˿ڡֻС˿ڶѣӢûǺصҳҩˮȻɴڳѾ˿ϰáô΢˿ڶᱻϸµĶԴ¸ָϵɴӢáΪʲôӢҪôأǱôĶԴһԽԽӢõİ

ûҪش⣬ӢһӲ֪Ҫش𡣲˵ΪϲѧԲôҲɡץץͷӢֻЦȴش

òӢõĻش𣬳Ҳû׷ʡż̸һȻŻӢ˲裬ʳҪҪɢɢľͱˡ

վŵӢõĸáû뵽ͻȻԼԢӢòʺﶼ˵ڴܻܵдԼ̤ʱȴһ۾Ϳ˳̵͡ģ׵÷ǳ˵ָųӢáΪʲôһڿֻǴ˯Ȼһ׺ľӼװ֪ѾסһˡӢΪʲôҪסڼﰡѵһȥ𣡶㲻˵ٺһôļһαеĲϣú޲һӶҪԼĵܵȥܹˡ

ѧֻסһʱѣ㲻Ҫ˵ѧӢ֪ڵͣѧ¼ʹԳ͸ѾԶʵûбҪ𡣿³˾ȵıõĻʱֳܵ˺ѹ飬ӢüæѳȻԼĸ硣

㵽ʲôİӢò뿴ΪԼĻѹǱϾԼˣӢòŸеΪѡѧ⣬㲻Ҫȥòãô˵Ҳ𾴵ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ֵĻ

ýӲűӢһƬ㣬¸ȥλСס

ףӢþȵŴ졣ΪʲôͻȻȥף 

Цһ˵ҵġ˵ֻӢûûҵϲ˼ֱ̫ˣһûкŮӡŮԸܿʣӦúʺӢãҲһ

ףϾӢѾǶʮˡڼﻹסѾϲ˺ܾõĳѧȥףӸ˵ӢһֱѧĸоٵһʱٵѧסԺ̸¿ɲԣͼ˵Լĸ磬ӢҲҪ˵ĸǼѵ顣

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˵˻ת뿪ӢõĹԢӢôܵɳǸƬƬϵŮȥǶʮͷͣǺƯɿǺܻõĺŮ

ƬһӢ÷յץͷΪʲôҪʱȥװСȴ֪Υȥ׵ĻڸӢֻúȥԳ͡

ҴʹӢûʱȥ⡣æҵȴѾڵϣﱧŵӢüʱǸɫд׵Ŀûϵã˫ŻǹŵģһҵĿ߽Ӣá

ѧǸʲôӢþȵĴŲҶڳ͵ǰǸдӳµĻǳȴдøһӢ֡

ѹдϣʹҡͷҸ˰ɣҲŲ˵ԼߡԼ뿪̾ߣҲҪңԼ뿪Ȼһֱ˵š뿪ʲôĻǳȴԼдϴӵվ

˵ʲôɵҲҪѧ뿪Ӣѳǳȴôվ

첻ߣأأһģӢòҪȥֻҪӢȥȻͻҸ߰ɣһİɣֻҪӢϲ˾ͻ޹ϵ˸ߵġͻȻվܵٵǸƬȻ˵Ӣ㲻ҪȥϲôŮˣӢòʺϵġ

ֻصҵĳץסΪҵѧѾ֪ӢõֱҡΡӢ㲻Ҫȥ׺òãҪȥϲѿŮ˰·ıӢ÷ǳۡذųµļӢѯš

ѧ㵽ôˣҪĻҾͲȥˡҸͺ˵ͨˣһȥͶԷ˵ʱûдҪнĶ󡣡

ҪȥҪȥһȻͻȻĴţץסӢõ˺ӢñվȵڴϡҲӢõʱϴˤڴϣѹӢϰͷӢõؿڽšȥԲԡµľٶŪǱҲ˵Ӣֻܿ״̬ѧץ·ؿںͼ

ѧ㵽Ҫôѧ˵òã㳯µǺܴ󣬿ɱϾҲһ˵ľӢñ´˺һǻеʹȥˡץסµ˫Ӣǿ壬ŻѹԼϵĳ£Ѿáԡ˵ˡ

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ѾСʱˣӢֿʼĳǲǻΪԼڼҶšߵԢǰӢÿ¥վڵȺԼĸá

ֳһıÿӢúͿ첽߹˿ӢĶ̧ͷ˿ӢǽŵĹԢԭӢĲڼҰһΪǹⲻҿأǵģôҲĸţҪԴңҿҪĵİҰ˺óʱ嶼ûš

Ӣ˵Ѿ˺óʱȴû˿ʱ̲ҰĶ¥ĽкֻſЩصԢ

򿪷źֱӳңûĴȴûг͵ӰӢһ˲䣬ԭѧԺǸɴߵ˶ѹס

ιӢáǼһﰡ

ȻǷǳᳯͿɻǲĿԼĵܵΪ˶ѹﵹŵӢðȴûнĳȻܵܲκ˺̬ڵܵѾǶʮȻڣ˺˵ܵܵȴҲǵܵںˡ

ÿкܹӢСĵİѳ±شϣӢųµְظŻ˯ŵ˲԰׵֪ԼĻӢǲͷԼĸ绹ʵӢõļʾӢóӢúܲõΪ¸Ǻñ뿪ҡҵŹغȷ˯е˲ܵţӢתѾڿȺԼá

̾ŪƻӢԼĶǿı顣ӢСʱںԼ֮ǻ¶ı飬֪ӢһѾƶĳ־ġ

ӢҪôأ˺ܶĻѾ֪˴𰸿ɻ˳

ҪͳѧһѧںԺҶҪһ𡣡

ȻͷʹƲߡӢ޷ѵ밡ǣҪԺ뿪أʱӢҪô죿

Ӣòû»뿪ԼҲԺ˰ɣ顭ȷ˵ɣѧһ𡣸ҲѾ˰ɣѧҡѾзϵˡѧ˵Ҫϲֻϲһˡų˵ĻӢЦЦѧϲҶֻҪңҲںģֻҪѧҪҾͿˡ

Ӣɵ𣡡ܲ˵ĴС㾿뱻õʲôʱ򰡣ȥܵѧУĴ֣ڴѧֱǰ㵱Ӷһʹãʱ˵˾䡮ҪټˡȻͺϾ˹ϵʲôûȴ㡭ûΪĸκλرˣӢ㵽ϲʲôطΪƯǸҺܶƯѡ

㲻Ҫ˵ˣֻϲѧһ˶ѡûиκλرҾֻϲһˡӢǿӲĴ˵ĻҲҪѧôӣֻɲ𡭡粻ҪٹҺѧ֮ˡ 

ֵ˶˶ݵĳĬȻǰȴֻڷӰڵġδһòż˵ؼҺ˴ѧʱͬѧǺͳһҹ˾ͬ¡˵µĹĺܺãں糤ŮͻȻܵáһγ¶һʴ֮ܵ䡣˵Ƿ޿ʼͣҲһʱСְλϡӹ˵ĺӶˡ

Ӣþţǳ鲢ְɰɣ˳ԼµĺӶԼġ飬ôߵĳѧôܻأܵ˺ѧԼˡ



Ӣò֪ʲôʱߵģڿֱɫû谵ŵӢ̧ͷҵű򿪣ϰ߹Žŵĳվ￴

ûһæܹȥﳯұůЬӢԭȻͬǰĳ͡վ˺һĳںɪűסԼ壬ֺҲ뾡뿪ĵ档ڴӢÿЩǰһסԼʵůǣӢȴһ޿κεĳֻԼߵӢǰӢֻ̧ͷ˫ůȴô

Ӣ̽ĿͺΧҧס´ѹޡ֪ΪʲôӢûͻȻ䵭˫ůֱȴǳ´ʱġ

¶˵Ӣվס˫ļԴӸߺӢһֱ룬µĵôͻȻӲڹԼΪĳΪʲôͻȻܵѾ˵Ҫټˡѧܼأ

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ûеõشӢҲ˵ĻᣬҪڻʲô˵ɵˡ

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͵巢ϸ΢ĲԭʧȥѪɫøӲ԰ס̧סԼڲ鵽޷ϡΪʲôҪϲӢáŲҪϲӢáҪҪӿӢõˣ½Ųȵҡ˼»ˤˡӢüæܹȥסֺϲˮӢһ㶼㡭ò˧Ҳиǳֳȴһ㶼ûм̳еĲ֡ҲҪϲ˰µĳ϶ĵı鲻ͣ¡ӢòҪôþͺˡҵĸĸûжôùĸͬ¡˾Ӷ˵Ǹ˽ˣǶ˵ҪǲıԸ޷㡭û취ı䣬ÿαô˵̵ʱҾͻ뵽Ӣá̧ͷӢãìܵسԹ

ҪӢòҪôҾͲӢȥͱȽϣΪʲôӢÿҵһбȴԣӶûӢĹҡкĹÿÿ춼ŬǻΪûи̸д㹻Ļ¸ʧȥ⣬Ϊʲô鶼ҪҵĹ˾û˰ңҲû˹ңҶǸԵ˭ȥ˭ϲȥԹֻ˹ǰҷȻ˵̫󳳴ֵ糤̰ҽְҵĴΪʲôҪҳܽ˽ξȻĺӲұ顭ĸ˵Ҷβã˵ʧȥôõסڼﶼû˿ϰοң춼䳰ȷĶԴҡȴѶûУȥֻúƤӢáӢȻǺĶԴңܸоӢڹҡ뵽ӢûͻȻһҳȥͺú£ӢҪȥˡôӢҪΪ˵ˡ˵˺öӢò֪ٵ¡ôĵĳȫڿƺֻҪؿžͿ԰鶼

ѳ§ڻӢѾ޵촭ˡѧУôȴʧȥ֮أɷԼĽѵѧȴܶԼ˿Ŀܾ˵ֻ뵽ҪܹĹѧܡôˣӢȴ޷Ųܣ

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ץסӢõ·Ӣõ۾ҧ촽ȴϻشǿǻԥõʱ䶼ڹˡô˵ĳ£Ӣֻúĵ˵԰첻顣

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ӢõͻȻܵԺ󷽵ײȵݺݵײĺϡһ˫ϸݵֱ§סӢã󱳵·Ϻܿ͸оʪ⡣͵˫ֽӢؿڵ·ĳ̶ʹӢõǰɫϸָ᲻۶ϡ

ΪԼĻᱻӢøϳȥ˵һֱ˵ڵĻϲӢãϲӢðӢһֱû˵ϲңô߳ܵĻô˵ڰбҵʱȻΪûĴѧӢãҺܿͺˡ뵽ͲٺӢü˾ͺѹֲ˼ȥӢáӢ˺һĴѧʱҺøˣӢûҵǰһĶҺáҵԺΪһҵгɵˣǹǲ˳ӢƲӢ߿࣬ǾҾѻҵɹ̤ʱӢҲûҡʱҲӢòϲңԲžȥ鲢˵Ҫټ־ĻӢûҹҡȴ͵͵ӢúüΣӢþûҲĺܺáȴΪӢò߶ѹҼֱ̫ˣҪӢ֪ҾȻûõһῴҵİɣ

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ԺҲ˵ϲԼĻԺȻᱻų⣬ǱŵġӢ§˳£֡

ѧһɣһֱһֱһֻҪѧһҾͻѧѧʲôĲ죬Ҷᰲοѧֱѧǣ

ӢõĻĵͷ˫ƹӢõĲ



Ӣڵõ˰ĽѾõĳͣʱȰ˵ͬȥһݹֻڳԱнˮҲǶ۵ĹɳµԹԻкܶࡣЦŰüһֱԹͣ§ӢǺİų¡

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ĸĸͬǵĹϵ𣿻磬üζһҵӰһǵĳվԥ

Ǻܿĸĸ㲻õġµ֣ӢЦһ㡣

ӢõЦݺ¸еЩʲôʱѧܶվԼߵİɡظӢһЦݣսӢõ֣˫żᶨ̤ء

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仰ڽӵ෢˵Ҫд֮һֱƮԺ

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