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Ҫᡣϣ⵹ҲԸġҡҡͷͷȲ裬еâ
гıǰӰ¥кá컪ܡ֣֮ڵȻѩ
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ҿáԸİĸ͵ʱٶţ˵ڤҲҪμӴ˴αѡô
ׯľǣŵùġѩаյһЦǲǵˡ
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Ǵ¾ô˵ˣ룬Ҫõ컪ܡλʣŮֿ۰Ʒ籣дĽִ˫ΨһԵȻؿţǺϡ
дмش֮ϽӭһλĿˡһƥɫ񿥣нεĻͣ˷¡ݳСش˳ţһλ½ڣӢӡ
ѩ壬֮ɫšˣɱˣɽ
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ĺ紵𻪹һͷ˿ȥħѩĳɫӰ֪¶һɴйĽȥȡ֮ǹӵͷһ׽ġ
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ɴ裬Ů̧һɽʯϣ漴ըʯһ㣬ΰθʮ׺ȵͣסջգĿһͻȻһ磿磡Ϲ磬зסӣ磡ˣ
˵ȵòͷˣ
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̾˿ֻŮۣҪɽġԺͲסˣⲻǸã
ģ磬Ŷ
ƭ𣿡·𣬴Ůѩ䣬ͣھǰۣղŵṦܲ
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ͲòˡԼȥѶʰˣ֮Ʒ߾УľͲˡˣ·Ҳ鷳
áŮ˵ͷʰ˼ѺͱҪƷ϶аú߳˷䣬磿
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ΪԷһЩ˲¡һ̧֣£ʱ˻֮Сһתһƿҩˮʬ޺ۣۡ߰ɣˮš
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磬Ҫڽ棬书ҪʲôЩô
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ΪҪǻۣıֶΣҪѣɽ˵λ书ǷǿҲ˵ܻһʱĸֺĿǰԺյĵλ
˵úܺáƺЩԼĽۣȷԶߣֻҪһգһաŰãһһô
Ҵûлɹ粻˭أԲԣ粻˵Ҫ𣿡
ǰ㣬һıֶΣһҸ
֪ǿи״˺͸ڣʵûʲôõĵġз΢΢̾ҺԼ׷ϸ硣
ʲô׷׷ϣȲҵҲҵͬšɵѾͷЦһ΢΢ۣϧô˵Щ
磡Ůĺë磬ҲŲҪʲôҸֻҪ׺͸úõģΪʲô
ɵãҸҵĶעҵĹߡˣԺٺ˼룬˵ֻԼСˣ
ôãҡҵġзЩЦţ磬ȥ
ȥҪ뽭ӦһýΪһĽòأ
̫ˣǣһʲôĽأ
֪ˡӰȻһЦģ⡣
˵ţˮס¥С㣬ѵˡ
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С㣡ˮæסŮô
зҡҡͷ̧ͷǰеĺɫӰֻһˮθߺײһ𣬺ȻըըԾָΪʣˮΪī֣һûɽˮУ˽ϡ
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͸ĽʣΨһѪɫϹᴩסڽϵɷ֡
зһɫĽɢˮ޴˻ĵһЦлл磡ĺð
Ϊ˽ġһЦ»صϣ߰ɡ
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ȡһҩ÷£ۣڵ֣ڽӦÿŵǰʮľܲ㣬Լ书ҲпӮأ㲻Ҫżҽ书ǽȥɱˡЩ£µЩ˶úܺá
̵书ȻӦڸϡͶһЩԺͺ͸ףиⲻӽˣ
ô򵥵¡ѡ컪ܡѲһˣ㵹ȥԣҲһ½
ðҵҪʲôĽĴɾʲô컪ܡã
㲻Ҫۣʵϲμӱѡֻ뽭һ壬ýʶ㡣ҪҪνĴС㣬ҲҪ¶湦ڽУҪ㹻ظС
ŶۼסˡзصͷǾȥЩ˵֣ԺǽʱҲͻгֵ׼
ͺáۣǾߺס£Ҳ̫Ÿ·ڿڴ˸ǷϾÿҹҪðա
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磬ǰϲЩְôˣ
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̨ˣۣסǵʽԺܻǽ֡Цһǵı϶̨ĶŶҩ
̨ΪʲôҪɱأ̨ɱ֯ƷҶҲûг
̨ΪӦһһƬҶӣ΢ϣҲе⣬û뵽Ʒ˿ͽܡ
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Ŀ΢΢һ̣ŮӦþҶߣ⹫ŮԿ
ô֪Ľû˵λ书
ԿֻҶŮȴܵҶͳĳ谮Ϊ顣õųˡҶͳںӦˣֻ
̨Ҫʲôأ
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̨һҩܹı佣ɫȽ֣Ĩҩ˾ϲ˽ˡǣռҴδϰ֮ˣҶҵҲϰ䣬Ҷ书
磬ѽһЩɺ͵Ľ׸ҿҾλ书Щ죬᲻ǡ
Ŀʱһľ֣֡ԭö̽ģ˫Ҷҵǻ⣬ߣҶߡۣ˵û㽸ˣдĽ
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磬Կô㽸أڳĵһſջߺķзһŵģһʡ
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ɵۣŮļ磬ˡİɣûгİգǲ׶ֵġ
ʲôʧˣôʧ֣šѪ֮֮Ƶ̨ƷһװбһֻУۿ̨µ
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ʦǧ̫ǿǻǴӳɣóȻ̫Σˡ˿΢̾˿
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ҪͽȥôѪɱ˵Ϣ˷Ĳǡ
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ղŴڤõġȻûз֣ôҪĶӦòαװ֪ġԺ󣬾Ϊȥɡ

 2 

Ȼϣٶȳ˸еӺзƣİһ죬ѩдĽ飬ѩͻȻ䷢֣Ϊõ̫ˡ
ҪѰ֣Լȥҡ徵һЦţҪɾһҵֻԼ˵ĽΪҪΪһġֻԼĽԶΪʡ
ס״˷ģҴӲЩνġġҵǰ˵İһܺõô
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˸ѡͰ̭ˣԺʲôڽϻأѩݺݵһӣҺСʶңֻ类ϳȥˣ
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÷｣ǺܾûгڽˣСҲû뵽轣÷｣ɵˡ
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 4 

ߣϽ죡彣߽ΡǽڰӰ¥֮ء
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ȹӡ
Ʒỽع񣬵ͷ̾һһ䲼ùŵķ䡣
벻ǡѩͥڰǰī徣¶˵ǳԷԳЦݡ
ۼ⣬ѿԷһǡֺһ֣βԾҴһԵ
黭Ϣ˷ׯڻ̨ĸѩЦڴ˻īкⰡ
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徸Ϻ̧ʱ¶˲м֮ɫӽ֮е£ĶҪ߸Ҳעʧܡ
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ԭȹӻݡƷͷ̾ϢĿ⽥ֵ֮λ˿أ벻ǰ
صҵС
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ţѩǰһ㣬һĻȣգۼѵ˶Է䡣
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ʵҲú֣ʲôҾȻûɱǣԭΪǻᰵɳɱأҵڶšƷҩ˿ˣʲôʱˣҲҿ¶Ūˡ
ѹʱˡ£ĿԱߵϣȣôˣһɱֲ˵
徣ѩͻȻһӣ͵վ˻Σ˿ѪɫޱȲҰס
ȣüһŶԷ˻ûкãŭֻơ
ǹ˵ǡԷŭһѩͥ΢΢һЦ徴˾ٵȷΪԼǲûлˡɽڣûաǿߵأгһսʤңЩǲƽǹȥʧܵġ
˵õףβսʤأѩЦһ
˴λҲڹŹһ⣬Īǻ𣿴ƽƽǵعӲǺܺ𣿡ҡҡͷȰλһ䣬ǷְɡοԼȥأ
ǣҿԷǰĶӣͻҵĸܡ
ǰӵɫһ±ú֣ѹôõԭ˰ңӡָĿɾˡֻ˵ôҪ𣿡
ѩһЦҸԴ˿ĿҲΪϧƴԼȥҲҸҵȻǶ֪ˣԸһԿôĳڴģزฺλ
ȻԸ⡣һһ׷˳ǰԱһŮν
޻ˣзƣһʱнİνаУ֮˶˱
Ůſ͵̸ôû˷֣
ĴС㣬ȻҲ͵˵ƷվЦһȫǷ̡
ЩǸ˵Ͳ𣿡ŮһǷ֮£ȴһȺˡϴҪһȥ£δܳС԰£زֳʧһתһ䡣
С㣬ȲҲǰӰ¥һܴù𣿡ѩԾһնԷ
Ͻһᣬסȥ·ͬʱסİͻȻһƿдĽ˫
ĸŮһǷĺ籲˫Ʒæջغ籣˵ڵϵİŮӡ
ѩͥ״һЦԼٶȱŮϸϸϹ⣬зһȻסСһסĺ󱳡
޻֣֮һֻŮľС㣬ֻ᲻ϧһɣ
ѩһǰһִñǰ˿裬һ״ŲмĮЦ⡣ԭΪ˴ñȻǸŮû뵽
ĲҪñأƷЩ⡣
ô᳤óأô˧ÿ϶ˡӰС˵
ڣҪ㸸ּϵһ㡣ѩЦţ־ҪŮ°͡
ȣ̧һ˰ɡ
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ȣαذأ΢΢̾Ϣʱ򣬷ҲǸԼһ·
ҲգȻǹ˵ǾҽѺ䲻İΣôҲ޻һֵŮѨѺ˸ڷ䣬 ܲ˻ء
зƿǽǣؿŰ׷ȥü΢΢޻һֺϤĸоƺǰʶһ㡣һ֮ˣΪʲôҪأ
ͷ㿴˼˿˿ͷʱָտɾͳˣһֻάʮգʮڰЩˣֳĽ뵽˳˼ողŵ龰ֳǼʮа˾ŶˡҲֵá
ۣŽ⿪ѨȻöźŵٻӰ¥ĸ֣һεڽϣϣ֤ʵԼѪԱ޷ߣôİǺܴġ
޻˵ĵѨʵôŮܿ⿪ѨµĻؾЩͷˡ˵ͰӰ¥ҲлأϾûн̹ƽص¡һֱĥϻûнҲûͷзԭ̧ͷŴ⡣⿪ѨΣѲҲ޻˷һԭɣ
ͻȻһ⣬ҹ£˲ѩ֪ˣֻôأ֪ģȥɾͳˣŮǼˣ˺üλ޷뿪üڷźŵЩܰȳȥָǶ˼
뿪ҿ԰㰡
һޱУŮһתͷһ˫ˮһӣ㣿ʲô
㲻뿪ôܰƳЩذ֪㻹ҪǶڣ˲𣿡
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ֻûб˼ɫӰЩ޹Цš
ң㲢ѡ
Ը㰡ѲΪӦðǣϫЦһǺͷ½ûн顣
̸ν飿ŮЦһӴܲɣ
ֺɫӰˣ㲻ҪȥɡΣ
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Ҵȥ¹סŮϫλˮƮָ΢Ӱ˷䡣
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ңߣװͿǰңǰѩ֪ѩ֮ʲôϵ𣿡
ɫӰҡҡͷûġҪ˽е£ҿԲһ顣
ŮһǣĶҿɳܲ𡣻Լɣ⵽ʱ˻Ȫ·֪
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ѩŮ˳˼
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Ҳϲظ˵Ļ
ǣԼСġҪ̫ðˣΪ롣
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С㣬õˣϷŹˡűƿ޻˶һ߽Ǽͷ
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ϷǺĸ͵ԵģɲҪƲԳԷơȥǵطϷȰ㻹С˵Ƥ֮ࡣ
һ°Ӱ¥̷ֻܶ־ǡзĮһЦתۣСҲ뿴ˡѪЩʲôͬ
ϷԵ˾ʲô³ʲôݡ޻תȥһ½ӳͷһأסϷĻ
³ǻɢз΢΢ӣ΢΢һЦΪ֮أǡˡǷˡᰣһ,һᰣֵ޻ˡ磬ҵĺŶɡ
ؿڳϣзһ𻨸ڿУһַֻɴ⿴žɫ
ںúÿɾûлˡƷ俴ţߵдĽӰһЦһоڲС
⣬ѩ޾ѩͥݳ޻ˡѩ࣬䱸Է⡣
һ·ߵúܿ찡Ҫȥʲôط쵽˰ɣŮȡһ÷֣ҧţһֻһŻ÷
ˡȵ˵طС֪ʲôطˡѩڳ𣬴˼ַ̡
ֶ̫ѳˣôΪС׼ֵģֽ÷ֶ⣬Ůǲм
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ʲôǧӣС⻰ôףЦЦĿȴһǿˣ
ףôǺãǧӾ͹鱾Сˡǵý˶һŮһЦͻȻһ֣ʵġУ漴һȻը
һӰ𣬰Ȼأ˪·ڱըĴ룬ֻ⼸ˡ
޻˼ˣŭ𣬡ԭ㡭͵˰ɣ
ΪԼĵѨܸô˵ʲôѨ»ҲûáԭˡԸ֮ˡߣ˵һûСôã͵ڳǼ
̫磡⿪ѨҲӲ㻹ǹԹɣѩýָŶԷ
ȪꡣС㣬ѡҲûʸڽˡз轣£佣š
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˷ѩּסѩ޾ĽдĽ˫ϣסѩͥĽŮһЦһָϹ⣬ֻؽתʱٶȻڵըɳֱߡ
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ȴŮûвȡκжЩ죬عʱһ
һҽУѪӳ죬ȴǳһѪ⡣

 5 

Ѫ
ϻӣѩͥȵؿŵŮǰˣһ˷ҶƵİ£ִһѪһĽϻѪӺ
ĽصĽ;Ȼڴʱ֣ΪҰγѪ
ϻľҪ׷ôѩʧѩ޾˵Ʒǰһ
ֻҪĳһڣ˭Ҳ붯СһһӺһһХӦðȥŶԡգһҲѣĿ޻ϣ̧֡
зƴŴˣ¶˼֮ɫĳֳڳ˵ϡ
׷˶Ŀ⣬ͻȻһЦ׷޷衣
вһӺͻȻһˣһѪǰ⡣
޻˷һЦ˫־𣬻һֽ˻סָ죬ǰһƣ˽ʧ
ӣһ¹ӱҪ׷

С㣬СŹǣ
ֻʲô˵ģ¶һ˿ζЦݣзϽ֪һӦѱиİӰ¥ɱһһʮرôδЩ˱㽻ˡҪ֪Ѷ֪ˣǰһĻᡣŰ¹ӣһǣѽʱˣȥҼҿջΣٷС͡
ôУĳɲҵӺһ񣬡ССһΣ𣿡
áŮҲתһҿȥʮֲĿջ˵ڳĿջǵ£ҲͲؾרűˡ
Сڵؽӭһλ͹ҪʲôСʲôУһÿ͹ʧģ
з֧򥣬һܣһ濪ڣϺʣĢƬ¯Ѽײˣʸ뵰ҪһҰ
õģ͹ԵȣϾͺá
СնǴñʾˣΪνաӺ΢΢Ц⣬Ȼδ˵꣬Է⣬æͷס
޻˳֣ϻмְգ
֡
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ĴС㣬˭ӦñˣСҪĳʱȥ
Ŷô
ǡЩڴСˣҷĳȴĵġлᣬĳԻ֤С㿴ӺС˲ˣСҪҪƣ
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СˣʵĳӦ絽ġȥʲôطҲ֪ҴĿĴΣߵ
˼һ㲻𣿡Ů˰׸뵰Ŀһɨ㵹ǱȽʺڽ
ڽֵطԭʺҲıԼ·㳬ӺЦһˣ޷ϳԼˡС㣬ôˣ
ողע⵽ѩϪƳҲзĿ΢䣬ԭĿڱôð
˵ɣҵһ¡С֪һڣһ˼ꡣôɹӱӦõģ˼ȴǴĸס⵹Ҳˣĸɥ˼꽣¡
Ŷ˵ŵĸ׻书зĿ΢бλĬĬȾƵˡ
˽ӡĸ׷˺ܴ󹦷üԼӣŮΪ檡û뵽Ůڳ׺ĵڶϾ˼꽣ˡӺЦһ֪Ůӳһɣ֪ôõ˼ȴûһ³ۼǲϰ䣬Ҳʲô£վ˽·
˭˼꽣ɱѩĸף
ûˡ¹ҡҡͷС㣬˼һнĽӰ˼ģλɹӡ
ϻ֪ƺܶࡣзƶŶԷ۾۲΢֪ģЩѩǾԵܡ
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֪ǲٰô˿̽˼꽣У
˵Ӧǣʵȴǡ˼ԭһûнĽ֪˭顣Ӻһֻ֪һз½ĵط
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ĳԸ׷С㡣
áһȥȥʮ죬лġҵ½飬Ͳֳˡ
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ۣҪȥĶۣ룬ȫǵӰ׷ȥۣۣ
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ţӰȥǵãǶģġñµɴ裬˫ӡ
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ԭһΰôأһоô£ָ⴫ĸоͷһһֻƵķˡ
ƷˡٻӰȥȴֻˡôŲˣģŲں쳾Ů밢۾ʲôϵΪʲôԼ
߳䣬̧ͷҹգԡеյ׶ϫϣԼȥأβ˵ࣿ뵽ǸǿĺɫӰƾɲ֪ôԼȥԸصɫӰ
ͻȻһüôˣ徵鷿ȴ򡣻ʲô£ŴߣʲôҪʲôأ
ʱһӰӴԾʩչṦȥ˵Ŀһ룬ص˷С
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ţôˣû˯ãڿɸˣɲš徿űźƤϵĶӣ΢΢Цš
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ô˼Ұ
ֻżȻײˡĿֱһڵĵģ˵ӦǳԵ۹ǸҶʲô
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ͲһΪ֮Ҷעʲôأֻ»Ū鷳
ţҪֻ˵ػ
״֪һǣľҶֵЩҶͳȲסľͨסĽɽҲл·𣿺ߣû֪֮õ¡õҪֻһ䣬ס¿ɾûôˡ
ôΪӦôأ
ֳ̨̨ͲߵģҶҲ֣ǳҲҪ֡Ʒѩ޾δҪǲôˡ㽸ôܷ񱻹ȡǣǿɲҶͳ˵˾ġҲǻܴҵ͸¶дĽݵĻᣬҲҲ
͸¶ȥӦûϣӰ졣㽸£һѩʱɽׯįҲйϵ붯㽸󣬻ǣҵĻΪҲͶгܵ͢㽸󡣡
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Ҳá˭Ҷͳأ
ô֪һ˿Ƥ״ˣһ£൱ռҺͻҶк˴
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̨ѩ޾
ŶüһЦ°ڤزǧ̨Ϣ˷ҲƲ
̨һܴڣǿƷѩ޾ԼܲȥԸҶҡ
ô񣬾ֻʣ¾ݹŮ䲻ˡȻռҺͻҵ˶ڣСֻҲš
һֱڲ£״˷ġôֵҶͳˣҲһֱ۴ϱ𣿡
Ҷͳ̫أԽǰԽĲ¡ļ壬þģܵظҲԶˡ
˵ͷھ͵Ű۵Ϣˡ
۱̵úܺðôƯҵҲһ󡣡ЦһЦţ˵Ǹ㽸ӰԴӼԺ˾˵㳤ʤ񼸻ꡣͰڷУΣ
Ŀһ䣬״ˣ߿ɲŮӡ
ǰţϴҺĺҵףҲһڻؾûŮڽô꣬ŮҲٰ
ŮӣһָʶһȴҡͷԺ˼븸״˻ؾˡǿ˭Ȼ˵ġЩŮӣҵŮ񡣡
߾һˮŮˣЩǹغһҪԼġ
л״ˡ״ˣǸЩ춯ǰ˼䡣
áţڵĹǧ꽣ˡժ˹ǽϵĽұ㽫˽㡣ټǧսʤ޻˵İվ͸ˡ
̧һǸڵѼˣѩ²򵥣ӺҲ֪ܲţڤصҲЩĵطѩȺ˸ǲ˵ǧ꽣Ҫ·

 6 

ģϪƳͤУרĸ١ո߳˵ټǱġָˮӳղ񷣬͸ա
İ磬ƽĺðŮ˼Ƶؿŵٵˣ̫ˡ
ĥʲô
İ磬ҾúÿհҲ뵯٣ƽҪòأҵвأ
ΪʲôУȻ뵯٣ҾԡƳ㣬Σ˵ٺạ̃Ҳ϶ܹѧá
񽻴úãˡϪƳһң֣ͣǽ̲ãҿɾͲˡ
ƶ㣬㶼̲ãǾֻ˵ʺˡĽ̾ˡ
ƽģһѧúܰġ˾Ϳ԰İԸˡС¹һǰ٣ʱİͲ˵СˡҶѾʮ˰Сأ
Ҳ֪ԼʮˣİЦŮͷ˼СҲʮ꣬ӣѽ˼ѧѧ
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ɲ˵ͿҪԼϪƳһЦδʲôС㡣
ղŵĻҶû˵İȴͻȻת˿ڷ磬ҵ˲ģµģ㣬ֻҪʵͺˡ
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㽫Ϣ˷׸ԺڽϻʲôΪҪֵģҲó
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˵ʲôİɫһ䣬ǧʦ⻰ɲ˵ġ
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ΪʲôҪǧ񣿴СҵľǾòԼĶΪʲô㻹Ҫ
˭˵ǧ̨ģ˭˭ˡڤЦһı˭Ҫ
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ǰӣǵ˶ڴСĻǴӡôǿû뵽仹ڤĿģҪԸľˡ
ִţֻ˭ģҲΪҲŻ᲻ϧ۵֧ҡడֻҪԸ⣬ȫԷΪƣΪꡣҶңҲâ
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ӷģҾϢ˷ġЩҴδ뿪Ϣ˷Էʶҡ
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ӣЩ֮ҪţΪɱҶͳ𣬷ֻתˡСϣҲһȥġ
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İԿýܶˣͻȻһսƺĶһšý㶼ˣأһ־塣
ˣҲȥɡסЩ±Ի㲻ҪžǡתͷĮͬԨ˲˼ͷĹâ
ǣӡ

 7 

ҹѩû˿СļһƬƬ𣬺ڵϸһһ㡣̤ѩ¶տյ¥һƬڣȴ˿ӰǰСƿţᣬָһǳǳعǣк¶ȡ
зƵķ䡣Ŀһɨһµ̴ľӣʲôûСⱾױУŮòЩ֬ˮ֮Ķϸϸؿ˿ºӣת˴ʣ磬ͻȻһģһӵɿһ
Цһ˻أһӣӴڶжôܺãҲȵЩͷˡһ㣬ͣϣһһ䡣֪ٴˣһжֵϤ
ʮǽϣʽĮ̇ϣֽס׺ڹķڻĺУЩ徶ղءֻҵ˲֪沼µĻأпŵԿסϷסϢصȴš׵ѪδǾκһµġ޷徵սָ书龰ѧ길׵书ô͸ɱһввҵˡ
Կ׵һűƿ΢¹룬Ӱ˽
㿴û˰ɣ˵һŮӡ
Ŀһʫáոߵ󣬿ȻҲðգ
Сã㡭Ҫ
ʲôļٵģŮӴǽȡһνʣˮýصͷһ˿֯ĻףұġûЩ˵ôְߣĺýټ⻤ףһõĻ᲻𣿡
֪ǲŹġ
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Сã֪ĿɶȻ˵ԼеҲţҪɽҪҶ㡣ҾԲ˺С㡣ҷˣҲʦ֮飡
㡭ǸзʲôãֵΪ˵ʦ֣ҵﲻˣʶŶãͿԺһʮʦãߣģҾһģ
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һ£ûе򣬸ͿֻжϮˣȥһᱻֵģŮЩһ粿һ
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˴һǴƮµӰ֪˵ʲôźá
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塭塭ҡҲǡҵ˰
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˰Щ֪֮źáһ޴ϣȻסв״˺ң˵ܲ𣿡
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зƵ˵ͷ߳ͤӣ¶½ʲôط
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С㣡ӺһҪ׷ȥֲ֪ηĿһɨ߷İ¶һ½ʲôط
ϻӣȥġ
һ£ȷϫȻҪ°зƣô½أ׹߰ɡ

 8 

ݣ׼ôݹһ̵ģѩͥʵ
Ūˡ΢΢һͷķŽУĿһɨҶҪͬУô޷һɱ
ȻʲôãҲзݰôˣһزʧ֡
֪Ů̾յҪɹʧֻ֣ҲûˡҶͳȥйжߵһƧ֮ӦñȽϷ㡣ЩǶڽƴͷʱɽׯҲûôһУû塣
ϵˡ벻޻˾ȻҰġϻǣô˾ʱɽׯݣҺܵľʱɽׯ޻ﰡ
ֻɱҶͳ𣬾ʱɽׯ͹˲ˡҲ˳ʱɽׯġ̨͢ƷҲڽˡ㽸Ҳûʲôָ͵޻˺ȥɡ
ǰһʱɽׯǲ޻˵ġ̨㽸ɶҪѩͥЦһҪ֣ƬɽһǡˡҪۼе֣¡ŬҶҵĹϵˡߣǿһСջأ
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ӻͬôİÿһÿӵ̬ȡӣɾ͵ùˡ
⵹ȷǡŮŴⲻ֪ʲô
ݣǲϲǹӣ
ǡ
ǾվڹŹǰ㻹˵ʵ
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ݣɲô˵
ѵ˵òԣʧ֣ɡ֣ǳ͢շߵĺҲᱻ׷ɱǻ̸ʲô벻
ݣô˵Ϊ۱ǹӡ뷨ΪȻˣΪʲôԼأѩͥЩ۵ؿĪڵ룬Ϊʲǫ̂͢ô๦򣬵ڶδȫ£֣Ʒ㣬Ϊѩ޾ƴס̨
ѩ޾Ʒ
֪ǹû㣿ݣɱҶͳһҪ취Ҫң֪𣿡
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ΪͥԹ޻ڡ
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⣬ڣȴһС㣿
С㣿ŮһѩͥȴѰνʣָŶˣʲôˣʲôС㣿
ӰɣɴСʧɢһֱûѶҡһΪС㣬벻ټ⡭ǹ֮ıô˵ţóһ塣
漣龪ȵؿǿ壬ִӷϰһ֧Σ㡭ǰ漡ǰ漣⣬Ȼģ
漼С㡢ӡ
չѩͥæջ˽̫ˣԭչҲڣչʱ򣡡
йܲץűŮӵ֣Ҷͳһ뵽С㻹ϣۣ
Ҳ֪Ҷͳȥй£
ǰ
ЦһЦеİ
СΪ˴ɱҶͳõúܣҲΪ˶ʱǾһжôܲ漲ֻ漴ЩɣСϰˣ
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ʲôСׯ
ǰׯҾѩͥæסԷгͥ΢Ц
ϧʱɽׯڰﲻæŮ΢̾
ûоʱɽׯһɱҶͳǼһҪˣǸϽȥɡ
ܲ漵ͷʼҹ֮ŮΪɵˣҲֻвŻ¡˵Ϣ˷Щ޹ˡ
˴ӿջĴԾܿݵͥæñܲһԾͣϡ
չ⣬ͱ뿪˫۽żǰĽͥһһ˵
ͥɱҶͳǲ뿪ġҸһȥðաҪһҪһ
ô죿ķŵ𣿡
һ̾ĿȴͻȻһ䣬ҶƵ𽳵ȻҶǰ棬ߣҶͳ
СȥɱҶͳȥɱǸŮˡܲһ߳һֳֽƮȻ£ֱϮ𽳵ɣ
ͥʩչṦȥŮ˿Ǽݡ
𽳵ܵзһд̿͡ʮܲΧ˺üȦǴ粽С
漣ŮƳ𽳵Ǳߵüͷ΢΢һ壬𽳵ǱߣһһѰһʱܲһƬ
ֱͥɱǼݡ书ǽλŮʤһȽ˳ؾ͵˼ǰ绮űȴǿһˡ˲һȻعʱһѽѸľϡԭԿŷ˵ӣͥЦЦû˿־塣
ǽñҶҲЦЦ˭ԭǾʱɽׯ
û뵽ʼҿȻҲʶԼͥεЩȣҲɻ
𽳵Աӿһһݺܲ漲òЩȥŮӿ˱ھϵˣṦȥȴַĲܲ漣һʱѵľء
ׯɣ㻹ŵʲôʱ򣿡ԸԵѨͥ£Ҷƣȴ佣𣬡Ȱ㻹Ƿ˰ɣνصֿˡ
ö찡Ůӳһ£Ŀһɨƫ˵ɴֱ紵ˣֱĿɿڴԼǻʼҹŮ˾ʱɽׯˣλȴǻʼҹŮ㽸
֪Էʧ񣬵˲Ҷһ㣬˫ͬһס˱Ůӵĺ󱳣ʱɽׯҲҪ̨ĺƷ˴ɱҪɱʥʣȤ
Ů΢΢Ц벻ҶͳƲȴȻ谮ŮڽЯֶ꣡
ҶԽ˶ԷѨ˽¡භܲ漼æӽȡһ䡱ʱ뷢¡һƷɢڼѪ֮С
Ҷ߲ײҡҡͷߵ𽳵ǰ΢΢𣬴̿ѱ³
ӦһҶͳӳ߳ϴЦݣ߶úܺáѹ˵ҪգӰͲˡһҪúý㣡
л𣡡
ˣŮ̧ȥ֣úÿסˣ߶˵Ǿʱɽׯˣ
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ʱɽׯѿ˵ڡˡˣ͵ȡˡԴ˰ɡҶͳ¶̵Цݣݰɡ
ǡһ˺ƺƵȥ
û˷֣һ˫·ǧ꺮סעǰһУף͸쳾һУȴŪС
Ųڽĺϣаһ֦÷ᣬһ˿Цյĺ紵˿۽ţĺڷз裬磬ֵ˵䣬ֽ÷飬Ļڷ£ŵڱϣȥĿ΢΢һѶһ麮̹ǵȴвеᡣ
˭ռҹŮеġС㡱һеЩ⣬ûϵǾ֮ŮݡһγŮһŹŮȴĴɵţָ⸧źЦһոյõϢ̨ѱȫƣƷʦºͽѩ޾ߣ䲻ʱɽׯҲֻϻδˣ㽸ҶҵĸôѹЧҶҵ޻˱ʽΪƿؽȥҪһˡ
ҶͳҶߣ˻Ǳظеĺáɶѵʵ𣿡һһ̧źģߣʱҪһ һ׵¡ţܲ³ͺܲˡ
ϥڱ£΢΢ĿѴǧ˾޶ټϡǧ꽣ˡʲôأҶ߱¶㽸ݣʱɽׯ̨ľ˵㽸Ҳδػ׷ӡĽѩ޻ˣӺзһ˵ѩϵͬһ㣬ȴ޻ߵһѩ˼꽣£ΪҶ߳Ҳɽ˳ȥ˿¶˰Ȼ΢Ц
߽ȴδţɾţҲδ
ңĹƥΪ׵ǽ磬һʿóֻ·û˭࿴ȥȻλȴͻȻһסͬʱתͷ
ڣ磬ɫŦ˿ʺ£һɱȱϢ
ºˣߵһȿʵ
ЦһȴҲû
󵨣ʵ˼˲ɴŭνԾºÿʱ;֣ΪʲôԶأ
˼æȰ裬ǰȴһ⡣еһ죬ϡ
һıǺˣ֣
Ϊ˧ȴ׵ذν֣ǺܺôڵġһſݳǰǳǳһЦ¶һ˿
ʸ˭
˧ǱϻΪЦһЦ˭ⲢҪǲͬ·֮ˡռȻԵһҲ޷Ȱλ䡣
λ뽲Ŵˣľ
Ҷͳ̣λ᲻֪ɣ
Ծһ㶣ʲô˸ֱʥ䣿㵽ʲôˣȻҳʥ䣡𣿡ڵλ˧
ʱˣȻ֪ԬţҶͳһĵˣֺαװģάϣ徵ġСҶԽλֱӴ̨̨Ϊ磬Ŀǰֻ֪˵ӳˣӲһЦЩδ̫Сˡ
λƺ˽⳯͢ôҪ̹ӣҶͳҵȺθɣԽ϶˷ͬСɣɻ
̿ǹѩͥλ˧뽭ôΪҶͳôأô뿪۶ܲߣԼɡҶҲ֪ʵݣҶͳ֮ˣػὫľϵ̧ͷü죬ǺΪ֮ɡ԰գһ㺮ɫӰĲ𰣬ʧʡ
λ˧һۣͬʱתͷ۳ﳾ
ңԶߣӵһ֦ϣĿһɨɡ
μӡӰһӺݵ
ϻû˸β汾ӡûһõĽڣɾҪԼҪȪˡ
ˡĳмҪӡ󡭡С㡭
ɫ΢䣬ôˣ
ӣС㱻ϫ°½ˡ
ʲôôģӦǺʹСһȥѰ½İɣӴ֦Ծ£
ǡĳδܱС㣬֪ˡӺ΢̾Ӱ¥ɱֿ޴ڣֻûʲôܹλӣ㲻ǣҲκ
Сиʲô㳢Ӱ¥̷Ŀһб˼Ľ飿
ǡԷ½Ҳָֻȥ½·
һӰʽĿеܲɰ¶ȴδֻ̰ؿǰޱ˧ˡ
׹·ɡӺ߹ȥ׹ݷͬһ㣬ǿɲܱȵġԺǧҪע⣬Ŵӿˡ
Ŷ֪ˡ˼̣ǻͷٿһӣ¶Ǿ̾ǳ̫ÿˣһҪ½¹˺ǣú¹֮䵽ʲôԹ
¹Ŀһȴҡҡͷ˵ˣ·ȥ½ɡѴ⣬ΣҲλŮܵһ˺ΪϧһС

 9 

ݣôˣǽǣһŻڲͣˣͥǵġ
û£һáֻǣ䰡ֻһ£ҧŷϵ촽ǿһЦ
ֻԷأݣԲûãﲻ㣬չҼ֮¡һȭϣֻ½ˣر˳𣡡
дĽĿݳᱩ¶ȥʱػᴫ齭ʱҪɱ˲֪ж٣ǾܵظԿݵˡݷЦֻǿɺҵڲ֪£Ǳһúøʣ
Ĳ˵Ҷͳɱˣĺ¡ͥЩεҡͷǾȻҶߵļƣ
ͥʵЩΪ̫ˣͲҪˣҲɡңǵ۶ͳ졣ǷģһˣĺˡƴסеᣬŬԼЦòһЩ
ݣĸԸЩģ˵ЩѽЦʱͲҪЦŮӣʹЦҲǺƯġ
ͥлл㡣ĨȥûסˮȴǺᣬ˵Ҳ÷ݶλҹҲ⣬ûǳӦѳΪˡϧʵûС߽˽ʶ𺮡
ͥҲһƬȻæתҲ֪ΡݣǴȥмְգ
ʲôȥУ̫ͥðˣҶͳһ˵۹һͽ濴ء룬ǴɱҶͳǿѵͱˡ
ѵҲ𣿴ȥлĻᡣݣݹһϣ֮ɣ
һͷĬȻ
ȳȥˣ㻹ȥұǹӡ
ͥҳҰǹӣҲ˶һԨȻ˾ҾһɡŮȡڷһֻӣ΢΢һǾһ뵱Դ˽Ϊʱɽׯ˵ģȴҪ
ݣҪˡͥгһһЦηţƴƴܻݣӳ֮ʱǾ֮ʱôǶҪŬúûȥǾƴһΣȫɡʹˣҲûź
ЦһЦһһ㣬ƮȻԾһնεĴš
ϣɲǼȻҼ䣬ݲһö˵ϻתͬʱӽǵǿڵҷΪһӡ
ǡͬʱͥӶ䣬ͷѪݣߣ
Ů΢һͷбһ²סˣһؽ˵ıɳȥͻȻһǹ׶㣬ѷٰܰСģһöǴļϡ
״һӵϣϾ˳͢Ҫ
ݣͥһȴһӰ˹ѪĽһ£벻˾ȻҲˡ
Ӱ§סŮӵͻضȥͥ״æʩչṦȥҲ֪˶Զһǰͣ¡ûгһ߽Уһ˵˷½ҩ˵ϡ
͢˲뵽𣿡
ľǡժñˣҲԴˮ·뿪
ˮ·Ƕˣˮ˰ɡﻹдأͥЩ졣
Ҳ֪Ǻԭ򣬲ӵȷǲġתͷ⼸վׯڴ˰ɡ
лǹӳȡЩҸһЦݱ˿µᡣ
ׯ
һͥͷһһ°׷Ůӷһäһ£ѩӡ
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ˡǰ㲵ˣǸó񻭵Ůӣ̾һһ٣ȥһп¶ᱻ˰ɡ
һս˳ԺͲ˵ˣų̂ˡȻڽ
ʵׯҲ˵ʱɽׯѾ޻˵֮ˣҲ˿ϵ
̨һս޻ֵģӦǫ̀ϾɱΪҪ֡ͥЦһͬԾʱɽׯҪ֧ˡ
ƷоһҪ֮ˣпܵľǳᡣԶѧоѷɫҡ
̧ۿ˿ŮӣתͷЩˣΪҪȥɱʥʣ˵һѾˡ
ǹӺɵǣͥüʡ
ҶҰ鹫ˡҽԭȥ̽꾡Ϣ֪ʥҪǴ̣֮ȥǣɾɱ⵽ô°
ǡ
ͥ˵ɡݳλ֪дĽʵݣԿҶߣ
ʲôƷɫһ䡣
˵⻰֮ǰ㲻̨֪֪͢ɱԿİɣ
ʦѩ޾Ź£ǵӺ̨ʦǵӶԲ
һж⣬ôܹأŮӵЦţע£ҲӲġ
ңҲǣұݣǾݹŮ
˻ͬһʱ˶ûлع㽸ҶҵˣʱɽׯҲҶйϵ
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ǹ˵öԣҶͳɱҵĸ׺ҵˣҵĸף˳ǲһ𣿡
ݹǱģƷЩ⡣
Ҫô֧䣬ҪôͽµĶһơ߰籡ݺЦҵȱһ̵̫ˡʱӳʱ龰ȻĿʱʱ̶̿ҪɱҶͳ쵰ֻû뵽дĽҶߣʧˡ
С㣬ʱɽׯ޻Ҫ𣬳ɹϣɲѵôЩֺ꣬ηٵȵأ̾ϢҶͳ֪˻ȥɱضǿο߻Ҷߣ书֪һЩġ
ԶûؾʱɽׯˣΪҲǹˡҲ޹˵˳һ취ġ
ϧҰﲻ㣬С㡣ѩ޾ƾ϶ŮڵķתͷҶͳҲҵĳˡұΨǵǵռҲƵĻҵĺ
סˣҶͳּԻųնôӳģ
ҸһȥġǺǣЩĹԱȫûлɣҾ̨С㣬˵
㲻ضԣҶ֪˵۴ϱһΪ츣֮ˡҲΪҶͳġ
Ψǵ˿лл㣬С㡣
ڸô죿ôɱҶͳأƷͽ֣ܵüš
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ȹһҪҲֻи޻һ·Ҳ֣ڤػ治ͥ£ݣЪŰɡ
áҿһеĹؼҶң޻ˣǡҶҵȲȣ޻˵Ұܷʵ֣ܻܲԼ𣬹ؼҡȵȿɣڻûӦ
ҲǡСҪȬҲüգǾĿԴɡ̾˿ȥǱˡǻ÷Ҷҵ˴
һ취һЩġ
ӣ˵ʲôʱŻôˣһϢûСӰһʰ飬һЩεŴţҪǸϻͺˡ
Ϊʲô䲻ȵ𣬡ڣ¾ˣⲻô
˵ʲôҲˣ
Ŷôǵȸôȥˣ񼸻΢΢̧ۣЦЦʣôӰ
˵ĻԺٲˣӰһӣŤͷ£ȴغ
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⻰ʲô˼Ҫٸ˵һ䣬Ҳ
˵ЩҶ㽸˵ķϡ벻ҾͲˡ
ұ죡ӰһƵӣİɣӳþǱÿˣķ棬˼Ҷǿ˲֪١ҲȰһ䣬Ҫˣϲɹӣ㡣ҲԼϸɹ书ãдһֺ֣Ǿأ
ԣ񼸻Ѫɫʧ˫ֽգ΢΢
㲻ʲô֮ͬôҿҲǿϲȰѽûΪԼܾЩĽ߾øˣġµһӡɲ㰡
סڣ̲ס񼸻ꡰڡһվŶԷ۾·ܵѪȥ
ù㡣㽸ûκְλֻ㣬ָҡ
㡭
ôӰЦһְҼʶһ£书ܷ񳬹ɹӡ
ʲôһ߳⴫ͬʱתͷȴдĽżװŮԸѩ
μ
ɡŮ̧̧֣תͷɹӼЦˡһúóͷµļһ
ѩ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ
ӰЦһĿⰵԱһɨ񼸻ҧɫ԰ףضŰӡ
ӰӸ֮λҲһʱˣôЦȥһ޻Ҫݼ׼һ£вʧ
𷣵ǣȥ졣ӰߵͷһߵſڷԸ˼䣬ת
񼸻ȴתͷŰŮӣ֪ΪܾýЩİƺʶˡ
ɹӾס°ɣЩ»Ҫ͹顣
ѩĿ΢ε˵ͷŮӱϾо֮ҲΪˣ㽸
ˡ޻
롣

 10 

Ȼͼһλߵİ׷ϥأ޻ˣμǧꡣ
Ů΢΢һЦǰɡ
л
ĹâͶһˡ
λظе⡣ҾԿҶߡձ̨ɱ˾ңҲǫ́͢
ѩ񼸻ӰؿҶߣֻһǾȣһǾһǾϲˡ
Ǵϻ۾˴δɱʥʵĴ̿ͱץҲǶ˿ֻǣùѩͥˡ޻Ц
ǰˡΪʼҿӦΪ̫ƽʵҵҲûףΪʲôѩͥҪȥɱʥʡ
ʲôԭ˶ظϽץϴ
Ȼʱɽׯ̨ľѹǰƿأǾʱɽׯأԺǲٷ˰ɣ
뿤ģЧҳ͢
ô͡ˡ׼Ʒңɡˡƿˣѩ΢
⻰ӰһæϸҶ˵úԥǵȻҲ͢ʣԱ
Ҫɱ𣿡
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ˡ
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зƵֲɹҪСġ
ô㽸أԺ㽸ǽ㽸󣬻ǳ͢㽸󣿡񼸻꿴ϵˣĿһһȥ˵㽸Ѿ뽭ˣ
ЩҪֻܷľǣڣ¶㽸Ժбȹȥõ㽸;ʱɽׯṲִͬƽʱ˭ûأ
񼸻ЦЦںЩٻǹ̰ա
ǰһ¡ǹһУӰ¥ҲʧڽҶĮЦţЩ˱ػΪҸ𡣡
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ЩϷ֪õģϷһҼ֧ȫʧһ©ظϽͶȥ޻˵ıһᡣ
ǰڣҵȻܷġҶվǰ롣
롣
ѩ˿Ҫȥ
ɹӡӰסҪȥɱСˣһġҲѹҡ
ƸڽǷʣֻԼܾҲ֪о֮
ɹӣ㣬Ҫ
д㡣
Ƿ½סĿȥضһƬɫŵﶼЩʣɽ崣ɫıѩ߻Լˮ
ǰеĻӰǴﵮġǵ˼ң¶Щ˷ܣЩγɻӰԷ˵Ǿ޶ˡ벻ǾȻû¡
Ӧûûн½ĺĵشɣôȥһĸоǺġ
ۣ֪Щɢĵطķ½ˡ
Ǿ͹ȥɡӰɫһƮ⡣
׹ȥΣ𣿡ӺЩǡ
ȻΣգҲŲѰ½˲֪жأû˻ŻȥŶڻܻžѾǺܺˣǽȥ֮ôҾʵǲ֪ˡ
¹һ̾챣Ӱɣӿɲܳʲô°ǺɫӰ޷æϹȥһǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
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ӣ⡭ɲܡӿҪ˼ӺĿһ䣬ЩֲֵںŮҲλĴӳ£ͻȷ硣ĿͶӰס˽
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ɫӰһЦһӣŮ˷Ӻһɿ磬˴ߡ
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ΪԼˡʲôҶͳõ˱ضáˡҶҴĶ̫ˡͥһЦ㽸󲻱˵ˣʱɽׯ̨޻˵ˣϢ˷Ҳˡ
Ҹ𣬽޻˵£֮λҲ֡ƷޱؿڣȴżҵĹ⣬벻һջϣ֮λôҲȽ޻˵ĺá
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õʱҾԶ뿪ýϵԶǹ顣̾һϧǲܵġֻҪڹͻ˼ǵ㡣ҾģҲ׷ŹǡʱͲӦþʱɽׯΪĴ֮һǿɱ飬͢ǵݣȴҡ
ҶͳӦ˴̽С䣬֪˿϶˸ϾɱġɱС㣬˿ɾͻǰɵúú롣
ǹӸ߹ˣδ뵽Щûˮƽ¾ͲˡƷмһЦ
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ˣǹӿڤصϢĪغϢ˷Ͼ˹ϵҲûǧΪԼʲôΨǵüһŹֵˡ
ȷͷԡ밡ڤغͽİϾʦͽϵûаҷҶԴ˾ȻûлӦɲǺӾʵͥһôҪҲûм˼ˣҪԸ֪÷Ѷٹ򡣡
˵öԣǱҪûǧ񣬶ʱҲ޶ҪǣڤûֱӳͻͷȥˣֻǧҲٰ𺮿Ψǵһ÷µľͷ¡ӣЩ㲻òġ
ֻǲġҺúԼûǿ̨ܶĶܽ޻ʬΣ
ȥ޻ɽġڿӦǵʱѾˣǿϧûпݿЦûкҩ֪нգֺαظԼһ鷳أ
붫ȹӾһڵΪ̫ǣң񶫶ȹܹ޹˼ɵȥ֮λҰģ޻ҲҰģ֮ᷭƷЦһ˵ɹӻ׷޻Ҷ߿ɾѽ
ӦįɡŮЦߣҵҪ֣ܲ
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ɹҲ㽸ϵϽҶֶ⣬𺮵ȻһЦʲôɲأ
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ӡƷԷ䣬ҡҡͷɹӵԺ˵ɡȥˮ˵ôãǾͲ𣿡
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𺮳һ£ݡδ˵꣬ʹͱ

 11 

ʦãƷһôˣѵ˵ǳ͢𣿡
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Ƕ֪ŮһͷĿһɨǻʲôæ
ƥ϶ϡľ˧һۣԾ𣬳ֽȺ
һʱսһš𺮺ͥܿͷľ˧ֻǻҶߣˣδȫ
棬ҪɱҶ߻ѰɡʹܣͻȻĿһ䣬һԵõһԵһγǰëĽŰɫĽһ֮С
һ죬Եһ𣬻һ޴ʮ֡ԭϮݵѩ޷ǰؿߵӡ
΢΢һЦƮȻһ죬űŮӷˣ΢ƺʲôƽĿͣڶԷϣǷݾȵһЦ
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ۣɿŴ⣬ŴӦϫɲΪţȻٻȥġ˵ôԺЩ¾ͽˡôҵĽҲҪء
ңзһ£Ҳ⿴һۣͻȻЩ־塣ҹֵʱ򣬲ᡭ
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ۣҪѧȥԽһСǰҺͰţܶ鶼û֣ԺɾͲͬˡҪġ
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ۣȻעҪһСǵð˵ҪĲ㡣
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ĳˣԸǣƶǲܺδػȥϢ˷ʹ˰ݡڿֻҲ˴ߵģ˵ʲôҾߣϷݵÿǺð
ûǴĻϢ˷ӦҸɣǰġûеõ˵жɣǸϪƳֻҪһ仰ܲĪǣҿŮһЩ̡
İһ£Щ˰ɣȷŷΪ˲Ÿɡȷ˻ҲҲϪƳ˶϶޹?
㻹治һı̧֣ͻУǵģҶô´ȥñЦ
⡭䣿ðӴƶԹһģһΣ桭ϸλȷʵӦóǿǴͰӰ¥ĽȻķΣִڽΪҪأȻʧȥһս࣬ҪһϪƳңλһ˸Īˣһ͸ˡ
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ƣһһԽԽĴľѩڷл谵ĹԽƮ첻ΧĲʮּªֲڵѶѷ˺üֻ̳Ȼ˿ûֵͣ˼˳£ʪĳϵİҲɼĺۼ
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ǰ̧⹫ȥЩϰȥΧۣҪҶסɱ¶ݡȡǿƣԼУʾ̧ߡ
żȥ˿񸸳ѱҲûʲôɹģҲԼˡϲмҲûһ죬еֻơԼңֱ΢Ц·𿴼ͬ˰ɫӰֻҪӰ¥ȥֻҪƿһҸİɣǣȴҪһ˵ԲˡСãҰֻԲ𡭡

 12 

˵ԼԸЧң˻棿
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С㣬Ѿ׼ˡ
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ι̫ţɵð¥õĹôһ㲻ǹӵۣСԸ
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ݵһĵᡷҹ¥ơ泤棬˲һӵ뻳ĳ嶯Ӻ·ҲΪǴЦƺЩ塣
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¹ӵ͵һЦǳһڡǼֱԼϵˣͻȻЩ棬ʲôķӦأǸ߳ԼþûκŮӣŮõĹӾῴʲôŮӣ˭Ϊδˣ
ƺ㣬ܴȷһƷġȻȴ˼伫ƷļֻᣬҲֻ֮ܳ֡
ͻȻһĹ⣬Ӻ͵ؽǸԼߵľƱ˿ȥһ˵ϡ
ӡӡ
¹ЦһѽƵ˵ϣʲô컪۳һ¥Ȼ̱ӣôǶ𣿡
ӣѽӣԭΪȻûϵ£ɫһ䣬Ӳ⣬ΪҪеĹﶼ빫ӹĿ
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ӣӣԩǣǵȷҹ¥ͷƹﰡӡ
ڻƭȥӺһȥͷײſϣһ»˹ȥ
ӽտ²ҹİɣӴ뵽ҹ¥ҰȻݺݵһЦ
ʮδŹ͵һЦ߽Ըһ¹Ӵȥ
ˮЦһһ̧δʵıŽһתЩ͵顱һʮ˶˵ϡ
һ£룬¥еĻ书֮˶ƺǷǵð²ɡ
ӺаЦһҲؾЩ棬˰춼ûнһƳۿĽһ¡Ѫǰ䵶ǽϣԷŵû˹ȥ
ʱһϹ⡣ˮĿһӵ䡣˵Ľ͵һӣһҵʧӰ١
㡭ǾȻ˸ˣҡкãݺݵض˼¶ţȴǺް취˶ˣ
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ŮȴƺûвߵĿ־壬һ·ĬţҲ֪ʲôֻżġ
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Сˣĳֻǡ
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࡭лɱ֮İüƴһԼȥ졭Ϣ˷Чңзġزݣ
ڻ˵ʲôЧҡߣŮУѻСȻ֮⡣ѰеѨǰ룬յĿɲֻһ˵ͲûңôаտԼȳ
С㡭ѵǣĳĳġ
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ʲҲģҪɱжԸ粻ҲˣҪһվٶȳʣŮ͵رãĽᴩء
ۣɫ΢䣬һӣһ̧һʹŮͷ£סϽĽƣۣ侲㣡
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ϫŮҲܴǿĻӰδΪʵ̫⡣
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ۣҪԼӵиǿóȻȥ½
з΢΢һʰˡǱĽϣ״ˣҪ硣ɴµЩ΢ı仯ҲҪ磬ҪҪҪҡ

 13 

ɫĽųʮ⻨ϫ˫һָ̧ʮ¹⽫⻨һɵľ޴⻷ӲΧסתɫâɫ⻨ж룬üĶڰյ˼꽣תʱĹâˮ㵴ÿһζ΢΢һɫӰ˿üĹһָһۣһƬ硣
ʱ¶֣˼꽣£ͣھһ紦˼꽣Хһϵսԭһ޴Ĺ⽣𽥽ӹС
ϫ΢΢ۣһЦ˫Ȼһƣɫ⻨໥ײըĽȫڡ˫һ¹⽫ڰУĿһɨ¶
⣬һԾͣߣ˫趯ǹ⽣ҲСȫ·Ҳڡ
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ϫ˹ǣһ¹ͬʴӲһһ㣬ΪĻһ㡣
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ӡ¶˼꽣ɫӰߡ˿̵˼꽣ȥͬһɫĽûдһһ⼣߰ߣǺôˡ
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˼꽣ȫڣҲ˵Ժǡ˼꽣¶ܷѩ𣿡
һӣֻϮ··һħЦЦϣܹӵһλǿĽӽԺֻһΪΪҿԼ
ǾͺáˣЩŬûа׷ˡҲиİǼ¡ЩҲΥϫ˵ͷӹ˼꽣Ŀһɨȼɫ潫ڣҲûˣʧɡ
ӣô?ຮԸڷ½֪Ϊô࣬ء¶ֵؿɫӰЩΪʲôзƽ㻹޹ӣ
Ҳǽ˭˭˵㡣ϫЩͷ½£ֲ˵
Щ죬ƺຮûһˣΪʲôأϲķŮӵ˭зƽ
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˭һȻ΢ɿȻڷ½
ɫӰתͷȥָֻյºͣҵĻ𣿡
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Ŀһ䣬֧ӣΪʲô
ΪǻӰǿĻӰ
ôʲôͷ˿Լϵ˿һü壬ʲô
ҩעµ˿ڣԶϵ˿ڡҽؼľ޶עڣѪҺҲǶҺԸ޻ˡ⣬ҽ˼꽣ҲڣȻҲԸ޻˵ġϾֻǷˣҲ˵ȷʵҪİաҲֱӰԸ޻ˣֻЩˡ
ҵѪҺΪ㵹Ǻܻ롣
֪ңҴδҪǶɵģԼ˺
ӣ¹ֻ㡣¶գգ۾¹Ϊɺķ˺ܶ๦ء
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еԭ㻹᲻֪ôϫһЦײˣαطǵ˵Ժǰ¶ˣδȫԭһ·ʲô£ᱣġ
ЦһϰʲôʱҪ˱ˣʹýʱŵҲֻ御γԷ½Ľ
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һʱ㵣ŶԷЩ˵
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ΪʲôҪôĵĻ
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̧˿ڣоһɼΪǿڻתȷǷѾĻǣϣ㲻ڵĲңƾô๦û֣
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һ䡮Բ𡯾ֹܵһ𣿡ЦȴԼʹ࣬ܵĥܲ𣿡
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ΪʲôΪʲôںǸŮӣ㱾ǻӰϣɵģȻϧķѹȥǸӣΪ˵ĸ磡һڣຮȻһ㶣ȻǸˣ
ˡϫŬԼվֱ¹ϣҰΪעߡһз޹ء
Ȼעߣֺ
Щ˺ľ˰ɡ
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ӣԹҡ㲻ӦðӦðзơ㲻Ӧøҡ
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ľż˽Ҷ۲һԭǰı¡Ǻãǰԡֻǡǰܶʲôأ
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̫ˡǱ߾ǾңǰѩȥɣԷ˴š
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ĵȴġҶѲ֪ͷ˶ٴΣȴʼǽšüŶ룬ײſסĳ嶯

ѾõҶ߼æתȴ޻˴һֹŹֵ΢Цһǰǳɹˣ
Щ˷ܣЩŵ׷һЦָڴһָǻ֮£رܡ
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Ӧǻںδ
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԰ֵҶͳÿȥﶼɫ޻һ֮ô֪ЩأϵķλߣҧҧȷĻ棿к֤֤Ծʵ
֤ݣҪʲô֤ݣ׷Цǲм𣬡ʲôƭģǲţȥʥʺ;⹫аԣϷԸ
㡭Ҷ߷·Щ֪룬ǸסҺܺðôܡ
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ҶȴǳüչλˡĻɣռҲδһλ׹ݣֻռҵŮΪɥĸŮΪõʥȺҲҪ޾谮ȥûЩֻԵȥܣж顣͵س˫ϵĻն䣬ұز£
Ҫܿڡ޻΢Ц
ݶһƮȻȥ

 14 

͵һ㳤ХףչĿһˮϣϢˮģǰ
Ѿ뿪½ˣصϤ䡣ȻһֱȷϫӺ˷ػطЩпϾǺ쳾еĽء
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ۣ΢΢ЦЦȴЩɬɣҲ֪̳ϫֵ֮ᱻ³ʲôӣÿһ˵ֽηǿԼջĿɨ⻤Ľ顣
ˣôˣ¶˿Լֿǿǲʡ
ʶѩˣ
һҾʶˡڵõ˼꽣ʶҵġ
Ҫɱô죿
ҵˣҵȻᰴԸ£ʲô£ɱѩȻҲЩģҶΥ˵˼ңܣԸ
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Թԡ˼꽣ϲǿˡţĽϲǿֳúÿˡ
ÿһ£⵹һֵɡôԺҾΨһˣϫأ
˭ӵ˼꽣˭ҵˡֻǹȥĽǿҶ¹ģҲŻ¹ӵġԺͲһˣôǿ󣬶ҡѲܵ˼ˣǳһ˭أ
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΢кȻʲôõ˵ͷ¶š
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˽ʮ˧ɫûаɣҲûʸͱ˵ˡ
λӣ¹شð˼ķգܲӣ˿ҽĿƿһһ硣вûеļȴֻ޾Ŀ־塣֪ԼҶӣͬʱҲʧȥҡ
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£ʲôλǲΣǱʲôǲ±ӽ¸Ҷͳ
Ӷָ֮ƣľܵùͳ˧ľĸͷ빫ָ·ľԸԹΪ𣡡
̲סЦôžҪΪһ˵ôˡˣ־ͻܶļƣ볯͢Ҳһ˵ıȳĻ꺢ӻ࣬Ȼƭˡƾһ㣬Ųǡ
ӣӣ˵ĶĻӣزˣӣǶԶ췢ģްٻ
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ӣǿ»ղ빫ӺʵǱ˾·Ҳ֪ڹӿǲ⣬ǹעһҶͳǽȨôǾǰ⣬׸ǲģҲ·ԡ
ûñӡԼԼЦţţκ˶С
ֲұֳǶԹӾáӶмʶϢҲͨҲ¹ӵҲ򵥡ôӾûҶǽɽȣľ֣۹ģҪģֻƽһ
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¶ԶԶؿæ˹ȴɫˣôˣ
㣬ϻеЩ񲻶ʵԭϫĻδϣʵ·ʼҪߵ·ͣԭǸط
Щ׷ľݣֶҪһָľԼȻڿһоǼ٣һԳΪʵĿ꣬һȥԶ壿
˸׵Ǿ仰ѵעҪҷƣȻϾȥ룬ҲûţеĻ޷ϵġеһԥѵ˵ӦԼˣ
ӣǴӣӻˣȥ
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ڴıԵġȻǽ飬ڴкôġ
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⡭ӳһ£еĻȴûа취˵ϾҲʮȷⱳĴ𰸣һ룬ǰϲӺҿƺûʲôо
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۳ȥΪѩҪҶ߾ȻҶͳŮҶҲѾѺˣǼһɱҶߵĸ徶˶٣ֺ˲裬ҿҶ˶ΪãѩУƷ񶼼пվһߡţʧ
֪ҶǸüһͻȻ¶޻˸ɵģ
İѾ㴦ˣұۡһѡԺõš
ţ޻ˡֿԼ󣬡䣬ҳ͢ȻѰѽңҾǲɱҲˡôҶҴô
ڻ괦
˻ȥְɣ
ˡһʱʱ֣Ȱѡǧ꽣̸㡣
оһ֣һֿסվãһм˵

 15 

ʲôҶҶͳŮ⡭ôܣһԾؿǰˣϢɿ𣿡
ǧȷȻҶϼӷϢй黹Ǵ˳ʵýˣ𺮽һյȫ꣬ռҵλڼ޽ռǰҶͳˣδлҶߡҶͳگ׷ŮΪʹ
ֵҶͳ˳谮ҶߣԭǸŮߣ´˳Ҷڰпɲ͸ˣƷЦһҶͳҲǷŮҲϹۡݣλɳױˣ㻹ɱ𣿡
ҶͳҪɱûˣҶҵһ
Ҷͳ֪ԼŮţֻҲݲ¡ҡҡͷοݻǾʱɽׯľˡ޻ƿ˾ʱɽׯڽϻһӰġҶͳΪ˹̽ɽֿľƴƽһ֪£һðءݹŹء
ҵҪ˭˭Ľ£
ǹӿɴҶδͥ΢΢һüǹնɣ
ɱλҪŮӣһնֻҶͳûŮ𣿡ƷЩ档
ԭҪǧУҶִҪ
ɱˣЩô˵ҲΪģһȥĸһʹµ֣һȡ
ǻʼҡ룬Ҷͳ֪ԼŮǶǰˣΪʲôһֱûиҶݣǸˣô׷Ϊʹ޻˶˴£ҲԶᴫЩΪҶͳ˽вĽɽ룬ҲҶ߱Ƽˡ
ǹԲ޻˶ҲΪ˽һƻҶõ£˪ҪȡҶҶ֮
ҲҶزס£ôҲֲƷмһЦõ£Ҳһزס¡
ҿһǲҪ˵ˣʹҪ꣬Ҷ߻ĸλǰҪҪȥͥЦЩᡣ
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𺮻һЦڳӦûüҸϽ߰ɡ
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˭˵׼֮¶Ǳ仯ġ˭ҪҶݶ֧֡
ݣ޻˵£ҪͿ̿ˡ
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ڣӰǰ˲˰ܵǸס˺۲췢һС
ھʹϵλǰҶһطϹۣĸ߶ТЩ궼֪ԩ࣬ⲻ֮ԩգ߶λǰԸο֮顣ԭ߶
𣡵𣡹ϳϳԩϳ֪ϣʹǡ
ʲôҶͳŭɫѾʱˣȻղѿͷ֮!
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̾Ϣſ۵ˣֽֿסԵ
ȫȥҶ߷ͬǱ۵Ҷƣһ˵ҶͳǾ䡰߶չ˺㸸ʣǰġ۲޾ĺ⡣
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ߣ
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˭ҲӣҶ߷𣬴һĵĳޣǴδйݶ
Եббһס˫ȥƣĿһɨȴŮϹۣȫԼӰӣЩů⡣ͥΪԼԼҲǣˡ
Ȼȴ룬Ҫģ
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ҪһȴͻȻƷа£ͥɣ
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ߣĿһһֵ˱ŮӵѨ§סȥ
ӣҶͳæϣ
ĽǲԸȴҲҿּæϹǼȥ
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죡׷
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ԣ߶˵öԣҶͳһ¾͸ı⣬ϻعҽ޻Ҫ
Ůӿᣬæסת˷ﳵ

 16 

ϦɫâӴ룬˵ůеƿＸ֦÷һáһźƤãǰ΢ذڶ
ȻһƽȴΪһϥϵĳ˱仯δʣȴ˸еɭĺ⡣֮Ϧůʵڲһᡣ
ѩǰǰɫˮһʱղյԸо˶Էı仯ջվڸĹСһϯ
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һС㣿С㣿
û˻ش
С㣿ֻһûлӦŵƿ˷š
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̾˿̫뷨˺һʼûȥֻˡҪθ˵أ徵ķӦΪǷںΪǲƴ۵ĸ
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üϫ˭֣кȻһ˿ҲֱһһŽɫ
Ȼܹңߣ书ҲһӰϴааЦ⡣

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ܽϫѺôҲǿҪ½ǾԲϲ㣬Ҳǿˡ 㲻αװˣʲôҵġ
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Ҫ˭ڣ˭ʹڣҪ˭ʧ;ٴγ䡣ͬҪ˭汾Ը
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мЦһָһ£⽣ָ䣬һٴ̧ʱͬĹ
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׼ȷ˵һҪ׻ٵĶ֡ӰȻһЦȥƾԸϫɫӰ֪ǿĺڰӰǶϫĵλвȴűϫ㣬⣬ѽתΪڡţó
˵ҪԸϫڿϫȥԸ΢΢Ц⻹Щ㲻㡱ζء
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粻Ҫ𣿡
ǰϫҵѪҺ˾޶һҪǧʲôҿҺìܣҡҲȻһ̾ڵػܿ

 17 

벻ӾȻһǧ񣬻˽ͻǡƷң˫Щŵؿš
ʦǧǾ͸Ͻ취ȥɱҶЩˡΨǵ˷ܣǧĶ޽ģǱˡ
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ɫӰһԷһ䣬󶼻һ˿ȻЦ⣬֪

 23 

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ԹʲôҲĴ㰢ûԺͿˡ
ˣôúõľˡһЦЦȴܿȥˡ

 24 

ԩɱҶߣôʬУϷѩ޳ԹΪʲôҪɱ޻鷿ȥȻ
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ȹӣҲһǹ޾޻˱ضʱھ¡ȹӦûΪԸ켺Ĺߡ
Ѿǲܴ޻ȳȹӡ΢΢üȥҲǲʵġܰǾȳȹӵֻľƵ
ɱ˵ǣǷҲûм֪λص˭Ҳδκν飬ƾʲôأƷҡҡͷ
ÿ취ˡʱ߲ˡ
ݣԲ𡣡
ĸ磬Ӧþھȥ˵֧ľҲλĻͻˡ
еѶȺܴ󡣡
ҡȻһЦ˸ڵɡ

 25 

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 26 

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