ջ ߣ 
 
ĳһС˵ԣϰƲ߾Ϊ˹߱ˡǺܲġΪⲿС˵˹˼Ϊȷ಻ʺͲ̫µĵط 
֪ȴɣð˳ЦΣգĿľһµӽǺͱʴӳضʱһЩ󣬱һЩɫջµֶ䣬ʾ˵ĸìܵ״̬Ա߶ᡢµ֪һ㣬ȻұøǧָĿɳ³Ҳϧ 
 
2004316   
磺ճ 
ISBN7531328629 
ʱ䣺2005-1 
ҳ32296ҳ 
ۣ18.00Ԫ   
Ʒ顿 
ͳԽԽ٣˾ûˣ綼ʧˣֻʣˡ⵱Ȼǲܵġͳߵڣˣˣϣ߸ɴϷ˳ȴȻֻܵһССľţ⾪ŵĳ̶ǡùͶĻҪı 
ջһӳʵС˵ 
  ˵꣬׾ݣ;ĻСְԱһ룬дصõһʺƣӴ˿ʼһġҸǳɫ鳡̶֡ 
С˵ͨһõһʷ֮ʱľΪдѹ£ԽǮĿΣջȲӰŤʹͳµɥʧƷڹչٳС˶켣ͬʱ󻷾ݬָҲĿʣھһɱԭ򡣡ջǶԵȺ״̬״̬ڹ͡   
߼顿 
ǣ1958ʡƽˣ1978ҵúѧУרҵȺʡúʹ˾̽ӺͿƽسǽֹ־ְй滮šʱͿʼѧΣɢġʫ衢ѧȡջĵһƪС˵ 
һ 
Ƿڶʮ;ʮһеĵطĹ¡ 
磬һͷڻؼҵ·ϣʲôطɳɳ֮ͬɨɨһֺϸܵ˿ڰŽҶһ㡣һɻؾĿֻбǰʮ״һ硣ڽתתȥ֮ϵĳֽмȫзȥγһӵءתƵ׶״ 
ʱڣůγ硣ڳȴ 
һó񣬺ֱˣͱܵӣۣ־ܵסͷǵͷϸϴģϴϴͷҪһЩԾͰͷΪص㱣ˡɲǼ䣬ֻˢһɳͷˣһֽƬôϡŤŤ˦˦ͷѵǿֽƬŷԽϡ 
ϵֽм˭֪Ǹʲôģжô࣡գ̫Ҳ˲ͷɾ̭ˣڳ͵һѽץ 
Ƭֽ޲ð˺÷飬ȻٺݺݵˤڵϡǣϸһһдֵĺֹֽʱŴ֮ϣдšǾӭ¡вƽ֮ļ黰ںƮĵǵĺɫһֽı滹ɾֽպûһ룬Ͳ˺Ҳˡ 
ԭһҹһӾͲܣҪϲǡ·߾һҪȥʱһûֽû취ֻǿţ̵˵ͷֽϲͷֳˡͷһ֣;ʺƨҲﲻסˡǸչȥԶϽתͷȥԽԽýţһʱﲻסûߵأ־Ѿڿˡ 
ҧǿ߽˲һ£һɣһкǧˣŬŵһ˳жȥһصİһӾˡͬʱָе嶼еģ̫ˡºӵŮǲҲͬĸоأԼȷͦ˼ģ鲻ԽذЦ 
һһӣеҪӽβˣ㿪ʼΪƺ׼ǿֽ׼ǰչдǡϲơĸ֡ʱ£׵ּ洦ɼģҲû⣬ֱҪֽú壬ȻչͬƽʱʹõֽƵģȺʹֲƤ 
һƬֽʱ򣬽һžѹȥˡͬʱڲԶشٵıӽŲػжϣ֮˷ԱߵһǽɽԶʧڴֵԶţڲ棬ͬԶִٵı֮ŷŭĳһ׷һˡ 
ڷԱߵǵǽ֮ͣһ£Լڱ׷ߵܷȻͬķ׷ȥ 
Ϊ׷߰ɣһΪǱ׷һѺϣᱻ׷ϡ 
һ֪澿ʲô¡һǿԿ϶ģһкܶһ˫˫۾פۿΪйǴϷŹκΰ׿ֵĻġΪʺһҲҪܵϿġֶʺϵĳЩ쵼Ǻܿµģʵʵض 
ֽ׼ˣˣһע⵽ڲɽǽϲ֪ʲô÷۱дһһЩǹ޹ԱֹЩĶ˴ţͼǣֲִڵˮǽϣǺЧģ䱾ĿȻϡɼһ״ʫдǣϣУһһǹŮشļʻ 
ȻЩǺĵģ֮ԱǵͬʱֲܲϴеСġرǷʻֻȼʾͰһηȹճˡȸĶǱֵΩΩФддʵһ 
Щһеܴ̼δܿϵ׷ҲͲźˡ 
һӡʫ໭ڷնλĹصǧ˰̬˾ռߡ 
йĻĻķڲϵչĻ񣬲ʲôʳĻĻȵȣʤö١ôЩĶ㲻ĻأĻǶأǽСĻأǽСĻأ 
ʵйϲֳã˶ԴҲжӵġ˵󻭼ұϼ͸˻һֳܴΪ˵ġɼڸֳٵͬġͬǣ˼ǻڻϵģǴ󷽷ģģǻڲģ͵͵ģϵƷǶĻһ֤ɣ 
һں˼ͬʱܴšǱʶϣܿʫ໭ûٿڽϴڵ⡣һŵĵط棬ǽϵһ졣ѷһָӣ͸滹שԿ϶ǲãȳλɵġҲѹ֣ͷ¸ǵ¥ܵ½ܿһǽѵʲôأ͵ϣ죬̣ڽҵǲΪġȻЩͷĶôǮأ  
һ͸שĿ׶ȥֲĵƺһɫСᶵɵǣֻλֻŵĸ߶ȲܿطʲôҲˡزͷ̽̽ôôһᶵ 
ǸᶵҲһǻģ˭ܰѺúõĶأһ 
ϵĵǸСᶵȥϸǣˣڹǽʵڲŹۡôأǣװͷϵЬӣЬϺҵţ۾ȴשĵطȥ 
ĿˣǵȷһһɫСᶵӻǸöٿûл 
úõĶΪʲôҪأˣˣЩģ 
һȻԼǣ߳ʱȻĲ¡˫ʲôסƵģôҲ߲ھסĵջĺƹȥ   
2   
ǡ     
 
˵Щйһ󹤵أڴľڿ衣Ҳ⣬һƬƬƽƵһ¥ģ裬ٽֵĵط˵¥òȻһ¡ 
òγյģ໹һְ־ɵʽשǽٲȻһµĹżƵģرۡǽеϣż⣬ǽؿȥһռܴԵЩտԺ䡣ϡľӳ£Լɼ漸Ͱʽžɵĺ¥мͬʽžɵС¥˵ǼλѾݵʸ쵼סģ棬ִİɫĵԪʽסլ¥Ҳ൱˲סĵط 
Ժ¥¥֮䣬а̳ɵС·ӣͨġ¥ǰϣӰԼʱССԺڻҰ¾֮Եþס䡢ӡׯϡ֮£Ժķ־ԵšҡӹסǳͬݵˣżӣԽԳ񣻶ЩûʲôˣȻǻʢװ¹ڳҲڸǲסƶеȨڵأίԺ 
ǰ꣬һ½һޣԽûй⡣ֳһؽֶ¥ûеطɽίԺǽ̫潨͵ðѲǽȥΪˣŵͬ־Կ뷨ί칫ȥʾЭ̡鳤ֳһ칫¥סլ¥ͦԶģҲӰʲôʱԺõǿطʱԲġǣ鳤ׯг˵ΪıҸģίǵһֻ֯ҪǶкôģί֧֡һϯ˵ŵͬ־жѡίԺǽıͷһשǽ 
ȴ˵һŲǸƧСһΣǰƣΧûʲôˣŵǽͷ˽ȥ 
һܴѣмԹľðѲڵһƧС䣬һǲᱻ˷ֵġ 
һһ۾ͿǸСǹȻǸõСᶵӣƺװʲôҪȻСʱһ¡˵иҪ׽Ūˣһ߷·ϣǡиռС˵˾иΪʲôö͵͵ڻ߸˵û˼ҡȵһһоӵĶߣʱŵȫ˴ʧɫ 
˵һеĴ䱸˼⣬СװĻʲôأܲǴ˵ĹأȻ˸ǰܵҪŪˮʯ 
һӣСо治ĶװĲߡҪôһͷͥõģǮӣʲôӵġӾ˻ʽˣòãռطֻӵװһӵҲһءתһ룬ɣӦӵˣôӵأȥʵ󲻳װĵʲô 
ܲըɣأ˵ɡһҹӹȻ׳ˡֿʼ 
һҪûһأ;һĿɿڴ񷶽ȥģԭװǮ 
һʲôͻȻһ£ʶ̶֣ʶΪʲôһķӦأһ棬̫ͻȻˣһ㾫׼ҲûУе㲻ǰ飬ҪȻ϶һ¡һ棬ڱܣñ˿һСʵǰûбˣ˵ʱЩɹġ 
û嶵װǮж٣ֻҪװǮĿˡ 
ǮֶǾħġ֪ʲô˵еĻ滭УƱͼ˵Ӿ߳ģֻһǣһߣֻǰôٿһҲʮֿ϶ǾǳƱǾǮ 
һȶһЩ´ʱǿˣװȫǰԪƱһһġδôǮأȻڻܴݵǾǶǮԿ϶ǣ׼һܴܴĿ 
ϲšһʱ䣬еԼĺˡʱɭĲˣֶ߶µģ˺ô󾢶ˡ 
ǰСһүѽⲻΰɣ 
̧ͷϡʱ֣̫ůڵţʵмƮţǲ֪ǴʲôطƮֽƮηһȺεĶУĴų򡰸¸¡ؽţ򱱷ȥ֪ǴϹʲôط̣Ҫʲôطš 
һϤľ󣬾ԼΡ˵εǲ֪۵ģԼһѣΪֺ˵㣬۵˿ԼĲΡ 
ôЩǮĶأϵ𣿵ȻǵģôܵǮأô£һʱ޷ŪǰȻֳ?С˵ӢĹ¡µ˹޷ģꤣϵΪʳʱ򣬱ֵ̰֡˴ģ˵ǸһŰӢĳƱֵ̫϶ȥ򱻾ץס򱻶ܵ෴Ϊһ֮ڣ˻úܺáǱһŰӢĳƱһŷｻ˺±ɴ˿ʼˡ 
£һ뵽ԼȻû޷ģꤵĳ̶ȣһƶʵӿдˡ᲻ʲôеģ˰ֵܵĲãҲҪԼϴʲôģʲôȦףʲô磿 
ôһ룬һ;Χ˫۾ڿԼʹеǳţͬʱһֱŪȡĸоæ̧ͷһ˫ֳֶ۾ܹۿǽͷϣԺԣĿĵطע⿴ˣΧӰûСģסϵ³ԽԵĳΧûʲôȦƺǲڵġ 
龪һԼˣϿ뿪ּȸе񰸷뷸ֳһСǽߡ 
˵ҲǷǳɣһôһп·ܷʣױֺܽͰǸСŽ·棬ҸһСرĵĻ˭Ҳ·ﻹ˸ġǽûнŲѸٵǽȥãǽȻûˡ 
һؼҸµСһСȥҲ뾡ܵѹǸС˵ע⡣ż·һƺоСһǮǽǡһôǮһĻŭţȴ˺֢ɪɪط 
񵽵Ķ͵ģʲôΪӦý־ġڼ񵽵ĲһĶһǮⱾеŲˣҪûؼȥǱʶﻹҪΪУͲܲڽŲͬʱе鵨ӡʱĸоԼ͵ЩǮ 
СȻؼҸ£һĸоƺʱб˶ȥĿܡ 
ǹϣֻмԼ˽أֻûصԼļǲŻİȫСʱ޲ܰȾܣٶܻؼСֲҲΪǵע⣬鱩¶ˡýϺ˫۾ԼһҪǧ¶šе˾ĸǰ£żҲҪŵӣ󷽷һ߹ȥǧܡǣʵʵض෴ǹһ֮﷢飬йȻע׷ϡ 
ڽǮ£һˡڻؼҵ·ϣĺ˸١Ϊ˰ѿܵĸ٣ӰƬ￴ĵµ˦ظٵİ취ǰȺƫңȥСÿһڵʱҪ͵ػתͷȷʵû˸٣ŷĵһ· 
صϷţһȻ¡۾žһֲŶ¥ݼﾲģӰҲûСߵǰŲ¥¿ͷǽྶڵ̫ǵϣݷһĽǶչˣҲȻһųĸŮְųӸ˶򼦵˹ӣ˫۾ڳϣڽϾ۾񡭡 
¥µһжƽʱһûκ쳣һһ⿪·ӻͳǸСظڵϣһƨɵɳϡͷɳĿϣ˫ۡڽԼ񾭣ôԴڿհ״̬ԱʹԼŵõɡŬûôЧͷеĿհ״ֻ̬˼ӣǸСһһĳƱָǰֱۣ壬һ֧̣³ȵһ֧ˣƽࡣ 
أһܴݵǸСһһһǮﲻһ󼤶ڼ֮Уϲõĳɷֶ࣬ŵĳɷˡ 
浽жǮأһǮһһóһ¡ҪͣһλεĴס֡ 
ǰ¥ļ࣬˼Ǻۿģһڵλ˽˵ееģϲӱ˼ҵ˽еľȻԶԼҴǰ¥￴ϴȻ˭ҲģһΪǱע⣬סһĸһЩأˣ䣬䣡۴ĸǶȿﶼᱻ˼ҿġͰǸСõ 
һڲˣȫǰԪƱһһģһһţֽţͺڴ￴ĳǮһһʮ 
ģʮʮ 
ʮǮ˵Ҳʲôǰǧһͷˣɶһ˵Ǽֱһ֡һ 
ʧĶҪԼУ˵ıܺͱԡһҲ⡣ӴڲǸСǱʶЩǮˡʰĵ¹淶ǰָее顣ǮԽռԽ󣬵ͬʱķҲԽǿҡǼټǧĿԥؾˣǶʮʮģ׻˵Ǯҧ֡Ǯ̫̫࣬ͻȻ˵ľϻԳܡʱһЩ֣̿ЩⲻҪãֻҪǮԼȨ 
»͹ĳԶϢʱֶ̣ͲؼҳԷˡϳˣҪؼҵġںӻ֮ǰǮغá 
úӷ֣ҸطͿˣҲ֪һʱŪԼΪʲôҪ̫شŵ£бʲôԭأʱԼҲ޷Լ֮ܶڲκ֪顣 
ôЩǮʲôط׵أֵһ֧̣һţһ滷¹£ʲôطƺܺױӷ֣ȥǷǸСȽϰȫЩŵĶǲõĶһҲ򿪼صġԣͷöͰһվȥС棬Ķһ°ںãָԭ״һУһųһ   
3   
ǡ     
 
һļʵûʲôĶеһģֻǽϵֻʱˡʽãʱ׼ǱʱŮɫô˷ǳ⡣ÿαʱʱҪ̧ͷһۡĸо·һɫѵŮɾͲֻŮɲ˵ãһˣΪ˲ҹϢŵԺͲ˵ˣʱֻСһ£һʾδ˯ŵˣʱֹȥһСʱˡ 
һ֪ҹʮһˡҹ˾һ˼ϵʱߵ˯ˣǷǷӣź׶ɰбڴͷϡҪúõһ룬ЩǮ׸ô죿 
ǰǸòſģֻһǾǱ 
һǸҺʵ֮ˣɳƵʰͳµĿģ 
һڵλ÷ѣӳԱӹǮһֶʮǮǶǰˣʱǮȽʵһµĹʻһٿǮʮǮһһµǮˣ߿һ·ʱʲôҲû룬ֻǻǲԼˡһ飬֤ȷʵǶʮǮ 
һڳкüˡǸˣǰѺˡñ֪£ΪԳԱһӡԱǰЩ˵ʮǮһ˵һת壬ס˵ߣѶʮǮݻȥԱһʱûһһƬ⣬ȴ˵ܰɣôһ£ڳ˾Ͷ֪ˡԱԼ⣬һıȻԭûţûͱǮԱһӹǮһ飬ȻǶʮǮ 
ԱһǳмڳǶһĳʵҲͶԾĿ⣬˵УСһȴΪȻΪ㲻ʲôԭӦġ 
гҸǮˣҲǺԥؾ͸˼ҡΪǮǺöǮҪҪù䣬ŷǾӰȡ֮е 
Ǻ뷨رˣһˡ 
һԼǿ͸ˣʷѾһû˾ӵʱܿܿЩ塢ȡᡢɥСˡ㿴ЩССעˮƤùҵƾҰ׾ƣѬľȵȣȵȡʹ٣ԴγãʲôȱµĻжСЩװģɴһٿǮ׬ͷȴǧ˰ٵҪۣס˾ͺݺݵһɲס㡣˵ӪƽףĶȥңЩ㽨İͷǣм͵ϵģǰձ׼ʩôǮЩ̰ǣòôʱ򣬰ٰѣ迨һ˺ôʲôΥ¶Ҵ󿪷֮šЩҵаߣмǱŷԼ§ǴŸĸĻӣٳΪǮ§ˣҵˣ滨Ǯ߶߶ŲѶֵȥȥ̡Щ豸ĿľǣҲĲȡ˽б˽֮ͽֻҪԼܴеõؿۣ豸дηʹҺҵܾ޴ľʧǵ߼ǣջһӲϧֻҪܸԼһС̹ᣬȨǮסȥж˳˱ж˶ﴧ˰ǧȴԾվ̨ϳѽΪѽ֮ĸߵ֣ʤö١ 
㡱˲ʲ壬ԼΪʲôһҪأˣıˣԼҲҪı䣬īسɹ档һԼôˣԼʶһθ 
Ժһȥг⡣һ⣬ǮһӦøſǮҪǮһʱͿΪһѾʮǮûһҪǮݹһǮЦ˵ҸһǮúã´ 
һӹǮòԾǰһ룬֪ĸˡ˶û¶ɫ߿ˡҲʣҲתͷȥ˵ˡתһ룬Щģûмˣһͷ˵עˮأˮ֪׬˶Ǯأʧʮ˿ɶãҲۡôһİˡ 
һڵ￴һ򱨵˵ĳһ⳵˾ʰǮ˾෽ңҵʧ 
򱨵һͬǰ۵ 
ִżԪֽһǸǮҰµĲҴôֽһⲻǮüǮͬһ˳ŴϼٿǮ·Ѻ㻨ǮһôǮνġ˵ǮҲһǺģ˾ͼˣҲ͵ģ಻ڼϼ죬ʧ˾赹ԣҲҲˣҪѰʧأҪô̰ͼʰҪôǱ˷ˣҪôǵСʲϳܲˡͼȲѣǻۡǺһԭǾ̫˳Цˡ 
һ뷨Ǽ󵽣սʮԪľ޿ 
㻹û˯ۣһ»˯һһϲһ߹еʵ 
һӦһҲû˵ʲô 
ϲ˵ƣз۾ǽϿ˿ʱӵʱѾʮ㣬ֽ˿ã¶һװ׵ĴƨûһıѣǻصԼı 
»ͲһǿŮˣرڳһ࣬ѾˣصٸһЩһѾǽƣˣĻ˼Щ֮أֻɷΪɷ롣 
˵꣬ʵһһ꣬ҹﳣʧߵëʧʹģԽ˯ԽǷԽԽ˯šʱʵڰסˣӡΪӣ»еķʽʹʱգذ硣 
ö֮ҲһϰߺĬһ˯ţﷳ꣬ѵáʶǣѾ׼ˣǵĻ͹ɣһأ׼ԼҲܣ˳ˮۣƿȥԼǸûн״ֻ̬Ҫȥǹ⻬ԲƨɴһǶͻӼᵽ˴Ϣһ̧ͷǡҲãǡòҲգ·ֻһĹȶһţ۾һɣͽˡƣöƣʲôҲԸ룬һ˯ˡ 
һȴûӵıȥôһ£׸ô컹ûöءأ׼εģɷûﰵԸˣÿԼ˯ľˡ 
תȥӡƻûбأµȥصƣ̫ˣûԸ⶯һ۾û˯ءǶз۾ڰ˯ѵ״̬ 
һΪ˯ˣ¡ԽĥԽý̫ˡûһֽͲǸǸͲᷢǸСֽǡдǡϲơ֡ѵ⣿ǹʹ 
˵һ뷨еţ˵ŰοԼԱİõذЩǮΪС 
һҪǮΪУ۵ĸı֮⣬иΪʵԭһ֡û͵ĻСְԱ֮ûбʲôǮ޶ÿµǵʣάһ˵±ʲôӯࡣڵĹЧ治ãǵ˵컹᲻ۼúһ쳤顢ҵסһûǮУĸ׷Ƶռϡũͷ̫̫ûݽҲûʲôֻܰѶŮΪΨһԼȻҪһΡˣⲡǲģССֻ˵㣬һëҽҩѿɾͲǸСĿѴѴѵĳƱͽҽԺտĴڡ 
ǮǮǮ̫ҪǮˡһˣȻץһȦôԸأ 
ǣҲãżҲգ⵽һ·Ǯģôʲôˣʲô£ЩǮŵأȻڼЩǮ֮ǰڲһ׷һ˵ڡ룬ǷǮйأйϵǵôأ˼룬Ÿּ裬󲻳һȽϺƲ⡣һǿԿ϶ģǮ׼ǸǮͷдǮģ󶼲ʲôõģǿɹƭ̰ܻߣʵͶǮ˵ô϶ǮһǸ˵ģǹҵأɹҵǮôᶪأô˵ǮͿܻᶪԴҲ޷ҵһĴ𰸡 
ö⡣ڼԭطϼ죬ʲô紵ݶ˵ûʲôأʹ浽ȥҲܴ汾У˵ʧڱظжˣһдͻٵġǱ˼Ҳ鵽ˣʧȥʮǮ˵Ūãᱻ˼һɣΪһ͵أǿɾͲˡ 
Ϊ˱ܻĸʱǮ浽ʡȥʡҲ̫ԶҲͦġǴУ࣬Ҳ󣬴ʮʮǮǵע⡣ 
ԣ뵽һ鲻Խ 
»תͷʵԼ˵ɶءˣ 
һ̧ͷ˿ǽϵĹӵһࡣ 
㻹˯ۣһ˵һͰһֻȺһı˳»ҵֱĴȸһסˡ 
ľ飬ֻҪȵһǶͻƵģһر֡󡢱ӲȻٺ׼طһꡣɽ˺һôͰ͵ģǸоʱɵһ㡣 
֪ûԼأҲͷϡԼΣٲ˯ǾԼˣǾ֣µع˵ƣصϣӣ̤̤ʵʵ˯ˡ 
һԽ˯ţ˼ԽǻԾתͷȥèһ˯Լߣٸн 
ŴӴ͸΢ߣűıӣһܿβ׼ȷָƨϵʲôطиǳǳСӶСʱûµġڸűӰסǸطƿӿƫһס 
ôŮˣǧ˰̬ǧģֻԶԶؿţֻǷǣĸҲһ¡ֻߵӣҹҹԼԣרΪԼԤģֻҪԼԸ⣬ʱƿȥֻܺԼһΪԼΪԼ̴ΪԼӣΪԼΪԼߣԼ·ʹϼǶиͷ˵ 
ͷڳƺӵʱ򣬲˵ӡҲ˵š˵㰮ˡˡʲôģ˵ŮˡͬںŮ˵ʱҲ˵ɷ򡱡㰮ˡΣ˵ˡΡһ˵ǼضѰζһŮˡˡȡӡɷ򡱸Աɫʣһ㡱ָǿ֮רϵֻԼģǲ˷ģҲǸ߶ͳµģеȤ˻ζ 
һԼŮˣٸнԼѽ첻֮꣬ȴͽ룬һ޳ɣʱȣ¿ɷɷԼƶʵӶԼȴԹԣʼᣬͻݡһ뵽Щһָм֮鲻Ȼʱ޲סúõ˯㣬İŪѣֻͷϼظһ£ͷûš׼ȷ˵ֻһĶԱֿС 
ҵŮˣںˣǮˣԸ·ööϲĶҪƯƯġţϾ¶οЦݡ 
ǲӦð¸Ҳ˸ˣͷһĩȴҡҡͷܸڻܸһ֪Сô£ܲˣӾ񸺵أǮòôʣԸ֪ԺǮҵһ׵Ĺûʵ˵ʱٸҪ跨ΪЩǮƾԼıһġȲᵣ£ֻԼб£й⡣ 
뵽һԼ˼һͷҲһЩʱѾ΢΢͸һ㳿أżĵˡҲиˣԼҲˣͷƽ£һͳ˯ˡ 
糿Ƚһʶеľ񵽶ʮǮ¡ 
еͷе㷢ͣϾ˯̫ٵԵʡ֮УǼǮǲԼһΡ̫Ѩ࣬ϴǷоͷһЩˡ˼ǰְѼǸСľԴµһ飬оΡ 
ʱСʱǽһ¡˵ǰиˣҹԼҵԺһ׹ԼԺеһһΣںĵʹ£кһ޶С䣬ڰ׹صĵطھȥڳһѽһ˾ϲѣæװ˻УΪӴ˾ͿԹϺˡ˭ϣڶ糿һһשͷ߿顣 
һ뵽£һͻɣԼڵǸСװǮܱܲһѷֽأ 
һԼ뷨ǳЦĨƬӰ޲ϾͰǸС֤ʵһ¡ֲôȴȴӺͺӶԺ˵ 
һһؿʱӣʱ̫ˡ 
α»ͷˣеʵʲô𣿡 
һæҡҡͷ˵û£û¡ 
ڣȵ緹ߵӣӾͱѧˡʰҲϰˡ 
ǰһߣһͼɴذվȥڵһȻһСġһǮҲġȷţΣһжʵʵڵġ£ˡ   
4   
ǡ     
 
һǰĳһ죬һͿƳׯһȥصĶԿڲż鹤õλġһ֡塣˵Ϊ֤ǵ֮ģÿͣǳׯأڿＸǰֵһЦȴǸʲô˵ʲôͦ¶һˡ˼൱Ҳ࣬꽻˹ϵò 
㷹֮忴ׯ˵߰Ҹطһȥ 
ǰׯƴһ£ЦˣǸʡǮɡǴģΪÿ˾ˣϣܺúдһأ 
ﳵ٣ּ쵼֮⣬¸أУȥԭǲרģ𳵡ͳʲôʲôԼ취ܰרΪеͷͷׯȻˣط㲻˵Ҳӡ룬дúһ㣬»˾ԸЩȥͱ˵أׯҲй⡣ 
ֿǣׯ˵˵㣬лʢ¡ 
Ҿһ˳һҹܻᡱĵطȥ 
ϵ¥ǰȡȵľͷһ֪嵭Ϊʱһǵʱﲢûʲôˡ 
һпˣһְܲ쵼ģϰϽкԱ͸λĴƹˣ򿪵ﶥϵεơεһתɫʵĹ·̣ͱ˷ 
ʱ߰˸С㡱룬ڵмһſ 
һһοơеǰһһӾ˷ˡ 
һԭֳ֪ġׯԱŻҲֻǸߡ˼˵ҹܻᣬ͸ˣ﾿ʲôҲġһôࡰС㡱վҴϿһ൱ûüϸһжˡˣԿ϶ЩС㡱ŰԼڵЩ˵ġ 
ƽʱĵʱǾᵽС㡱⣬ġ㡱ô㷨ȴȻ¾ҪСС㡱Լˣܲ˷أ 
ְҵĹϵЩС㡱ǸüͿ֬Ĩۣƹ£Եôұˡ 
һ˷ڴڴи˷ܡ 
ʱֻ쳤ӣһܣµһһһһѽԼĸĸԼѡ 
ɫ鳡һ˵İɶһԣȴĵһءҲûطģһȴδ 
ʱһ˳°ͻؼ˾ŵӻؼǾƹҹؼɫ޲ؼǶĹ 
Ĺ׼һǵ͵°ͻؼҵΪɬ֮֮ͬ䣬㣬ңڷꡢϴԡȳĳԺ֮ĻûйڹԹдУϵ㵵εģܹ߽ɫ鳡ĸѣǵλһ˲ܵģֲġ 
ɫ鳡Ҳܺ棬ҲǣȴԵȥ顣ԼпգأûǸ᲻ûǸǮ˵˵ȥһжΪûǮûȨȻҲִ֮Уȴƺ̵ĻңԶİżҲԼ̫ζ̫źվԼҵ̨ϣһ֧һ֧̣Դ򷢼įʱ⡣ʱźӣŵƽļͥҲڼҸɵ飬ӣҲͦʵġʱʱҲʱ 
ڣʱȻֱʱ˻һƵģǰһжôʡʱ˷ܼˣһ˫۾ÿһë 
ʱµ㣬㣬Լѡ 
ΪϾǹϵĽӴϾ¼Ĺϵֳϣ˭Ҳ˼ͷ 
Ҷ弱ɴతɣ̯ĸĸ 
ǣʹͷʼֶһһһ㡣һһ㡣 
ۿС㡱ѾȥˡʣµļУһܿɨһۡ 
˵֮䣬رСߺܰһһ۾Ϳһ⡰С㡱Σá룺ܰңǸжð 
أǸС㡱ֵǶˡһʱ䣬ϲá㣬һӿͷ 
˶ˣҡҡͷֳ˵УҼ䣬ּСݡ˵ţһ֣ߣСݡ 
˵գһԶŮǣַģģҲ໥֮仹һġһ˺ظĺ棬ڷĺ棬ԱߵСȥ 
һһʱ˼С㡱̫ӽڡС㡱ƵΧ£ţ·ûšһʶƣǱ˼һʾС㡱ҵģ㲻ҪٸˣʾˣҵˣǱ˾ͲҪˡ 
ׯһδصֵطصһЦ˵Լɡ 
ϸ͵а̫ 
ʵׯ˵⻰ҲûʲôĶ⣬ֻ뿼һһʲôӦ 
һôһ˵ġС㡱ţͲһźأֻ˵һûκθţǸжôѽԸԸûɥʧǡһĺüˣԼ͡С㡱һû֤Ǿͻиֲ²⡣Ȼûܹ֤ûʲô£ǾͿԻʲô¡˵ľءʱͬǼôҲȥǣԼλ˾²ˣصλһ˵ȫһһɾͳ˻ˡ뵽ˣ￴һ״ܵæ˵УУǿɲУǿɲС 
һµһܺڵһʮ꣬ô˵ֺģһ̬һúһûʲôҲøӦͦģǳ⡣ 
һʮ߰ƽ׵ķ䡣һݣĴϹɫشǰ͵ذڷɳɳǰĲ輸ϷŹ̺ơơԱǵӺͿϣ˻ĵţûпƣŵӻı任̣롣 
ġС㡱һ䣬һԼġС㡱һ䣬˴˱ܵ룬ܵԶЩ 
֮ȻҪ໥ʶһ¡С㡱˵žصģһأϾһ䱸ֵ֪ط˵Լʵաôʲôأ˵һɣ־ձ˵ͦŤġôأһеĻˣ֪롰ͬá롰¡Ҳͬá롰ͬ壬Ǿ˵Լպ£ҲбԼǸ˵˼ 
Ҿͽ¸ˡǡС㡱˵ 
˴ʶ֮󣬡С㡱һ˵ϲ볪ʲôҸҡ 
֮£С㡱ôһ˵һɤеˡǳʲôأиɣĲôᣬ˵ʹ㣬Ҳ볪ҪŵģһģҪڡС㡱ǰʾһԼĲ֮룬˵һסĪ˹ƽϡɣ֪ܲС 
һǲڶǰʲôطһ׸ġֻǵãǵһΣʫһ⾳͸˷ǳ̵ӡļƺûôùֻһ飬ܹԺ󣬶ٴҹ˾ʱһСϣһɢһǿգ߳׸衣ǿµľҹҹĻ԰԰СӶСӶˡһõĳ׵ʫ黭ľչǰʱеַա 
С㡱ڵһ׸衣һܸˡǣһϲŷ֣Լƽʱĺ͵ﳪģڽϾкܴ𣬳˼ǲġ¶һֵģȴˡû취ֻźط˷磬صԼλ 
һĹ˿ֻһᶯֶŵġɽһλĿǰΪֵֹĶйʹáС㡱һеۿ˱ȽɣеøСΪһһЩҲΪԼܾΣԱİõСѣС㡱ֶһ˵ˣɡ 
Ҳۡһ˵ȴ߸˵վ 
ûϵҴ㣬͸ҵĽŲ߾ˡ˵գС㡱͵һ֧˾ݵص 
һû˵ٻĲ衣ʱֻšС㡱֣ڵϻеضţ׾ӲʹѾеǳˡ 
һȻ裬ȴԾǸ̶Ⱥܸߵˡں͡С㡱ʱԵزŶԷѬˣʱӦʵ˵ʲôԳ嵭ֳĬϵĲʸо̸裬ж֮˵ 
һŵ罻ĺôڣŮ˫ľֲӴȴֲԽ׳أϵĽֲܵǴ˼Ȳ϶ΪһֲһΪ룬ߵһӣȲȥֲӵֻǶθڣоˡ˵Ůϵһƽ㡣 
ôһ˵һǾˣȻô֪ôء 
һС㡱һۣĵõ㡣ȴ˵㿴Ų񾭳𣿡 
һ˵⻰ʱȴ룺ҲϻЩġ 
С㡱һ˵ҲʵĲʵ̫׾ˣ΢΢Цһ£Ƕһ˵ĻĬˡ 
һּੲݵ˵Һȴܲõĸо 
ΪʲôأС㡱ʵ 
ΪҵȻáһ˵һԣеĶҪŮĸߡҵĸӰԲʺ衣 
С㡱˵㳤Ҳ̫ѽٲҰ 
Ҳۣһ˵ӦŮ߳ͷŮ֮䣬ŮӣеĸѵŮϡ˵ҺǸƵġ 
һ˵ʱãһ˵߶ˣмξȻˡС㡱ĽšһҲԾûȤͶԡС㡱˵ɣǻϢһɡ 
˵ĹһһͷɫԵ§šС㡱Цءһһе㲻˼һšС㡱ȥˡһһȥˣûˣںģʡΪ顣 
ѰͬʱҲһǴ˷㡣ڻʲô£û¡ԣһߣһ͸еǳ⡣ 
ֻʣһ͡С㡱ˡʱС㡱һַһļ磬һǩڹһԲԲһвֵСˮ͵ߡǶڵ̺һǵһܵе㣬Լֻţ죬Ȼؽ̺ 
İķֻСС㡱˵һڡС㡱£ˮơƣһоˡɫ鳡ķΧ֮УһƮƮɵĸоˡ 
ڡС㡱ڶһ㽶ŽʱĿϡúܽƤӵ£úһֻϸֺе֡ 
ſţһȻ嶯鲻Խذץסˡʱ֪Լܷ⵽С㡱ľֵܾط滹ûаѡС㡱뷨ͷУûǮɫ׵ĸټϴ˵Ը˸ϣС㡱ƽȵģȨܾ 
׼⵽ܾģʵ֤ĵǶģһҪѵ˼ûУƾץץһֻСèСһĳһ 
֮⣬һǵһô־áôеشŮ˵֡ƽʱżҲкͱŮֵĻᣬȫԵģֻѵˮظһӴһоûأϷֿˡʱһšС㡱֣һֱĦšҵ˸оģģǺüˡ 
һ߬šС㡱ָ֣п˵ǻŷŵĻ˵ɣŮһ裬һҪֵĽӴɱСֵĽӴŮ˫Ƣѧ棬ܼг̶ȻƵģͼ˵رģ첲Ѷôϸأȭִȭ׻ҪԴӵͷôСƬ촽ȴȴɵͻöࡣమŮһΪʲôֺܰͽǵԭڡ 
С㡱գգۣоһ˵Ҳ²Ǹʲôģ׼ѧҽģԲԣ 
һ΢Цҡҡͷ 
Ǿѧѧģض˰ɣ 
һ΢Цҡҡͷ 
Ǹʲôģ϶Ǹ֪ʶӣȻô֪ôأ 
һ΢Цţе㡣õԼǡ 
һĿִӡС㡱ƿ˳ĸ첲ߣϡͷϡһഺĳϸܶһ֣߬һϡͷĦţоϵļôĹ⻬ϸ壬ͷô˳ 
ĦĦһȻתۣɳϣ̾һ 
һ仯ѡС㡱ŪĪ룺Żúõأ⹤ôȻ̾ˣĶòˣܰҶ̬һֱͦõѽ 
֪һǴ飬ڸпԼ룺ԼȻѵ˲֮꣬˵ȴ˥ϣȻңȴܰȫСʲôϣЩƯŮǣҡġʹǵ˴ߣĳ̶ȣҲֻԶԶؿţҲֻǷǡԼϲĶҪһ˵һֱܡǴڵҪֱܡڴ֮ϣĸŮĺÿһʱԳ˼һ£ǿɾ鷳ˣ߻⵽Ц߻ᱻå֮ԷֵֻطֻߵС㡱ǰܹ 
Ҫٴ֤ʵһ㣬һεһ߬װС㡱֣һָĦͷȻ˳ӵġһе˼Ŀο㡣ΪˣǳмλС㡱Ȼǲ˼ش¶ͳʮǮ˵⼸ͳһ˵ģǸ٣ʮǮҵġ 
ǳС㡱ϵġ˵ؽӹǮͷһϣ˵¸á 
һɬһǳڼˣһ־͸ʮǮСѣƽͷһءһ뵽⡰С㡱оһ뵽ԼʮйôһΣǮֵ 
һƺҪǰС㡱ӡԺһһ۵ؿĿСͺϲС㡱ϵĿжˣԵúᣬмɬҲضˡֽĸоֵطǾ޽еġ⡰С㡱һǵһһˡпܵĻԸԶһ𡣵һ뵽Լְˡֵһ͵һе˵ٺһɡ 
һôܺȾƵģ֮£ּС㡱ڣҲ˺飬ӹƱһﲱһ 
˶ŮǵôߵġһϡòϾǸˣֻ£ƯഺġС㡱еǷǡʵèҲԽߵһ¶֮ĵӾʹࡣȿſڣûʲôһˡС㡱һֻ־Ҫǰ 
£ԡС㡱˵ҳ㷹һϰΪˡȻʱҲͦζģ̲סҲܾҲ뷢𣬵תһ룬ȻԼһУҲͽˡȽ֮£һֿˣĵﻹܹܵģװҪװװġ 
ŤӣؽšȻ־ܾ̫û˵ˣ˵ھܾ˵ڹǣһĵӾ͸ˣִӡС㡱µĵױ߽ȥڿ£Ź⻬ĶƤȥһӾĹҵ⡣ 
ǳ֮⣬һŮ˵زоӵĺҲûʲôȻеǳ㣬ΪǱŮ˵ġ˵ĺĺռиŮ˵õ˼㡣 
һֱѾʮˡ룬һļҲÿˡʱ˼һߣԼ͵øšһ뵽һ͵úǰС㡱ˣˣ˵뿪ﵽȥˣԼأҪˣ˵ʱأһ𣬽ҲԼˡһ뵽Щвһ˸С 
ʱڷ˾СκɳƵɤ˻ߵں͡С㡱衣ڵʱֳеһ׸һ֪׸ĸʲôеĸȴס˼䣺ҵ˼ǲɴҵ˼Ǿ̵ĺΪʲôЩƮӣذ𡭡ΪҽΪ˵һ㡭ǰ顢˸СټŮسЧһ˺ӡ׸裬һʧȥҲһصθоΪ˲źҪܵܺý죬Ҫڷ֮ǰ͡С㡱еĽӴ 
ʵ˶Ů˵ĽӽŮΪεһΪĿģɽԵɽΪĿһҪ˵ֻڱĿĹֵķʽͬˣе˿ǷֱܲǰֱĿģе˿հǰ˺СػǰġȻԭЩ˿ܻȴԶҲﲻĿģķȴָġ˵һֱԡκֻڸǱԣܸı䱾ԡֻҪ͹ɣֱҪֳġ 
˵һǵôߵģôҪó߽ˡ 
ʹɽͺ룬ҪǵֹȡӺȥǰȥ÷ģӺȥĺôһͻȻŽױ˷ֵġ 
һֽšС㡱ǹ⻬βȥûطأȴһֽС˵¶ 
մԣһ񿪳˾˺һòɲբ 
֮ǰһֻ˵ģûԹ֪ˣʵȥɫ鳡ҲģԹˣһԾˡ 
ν֮ԺҹܻᣬҹܻǸС㡱ǡС㡱Ư֣Ʈ㷢ЦòԼ龰ʱظǰ 
ǰֻ˵ɫ鳡Σֻ˵һʶǸоģĿøоֿȥӽճУܹĿ˺ܶ࣬ȴѽӽ߸޷ӽһġֻɫ鳡ֻҪܹѡĿģҲͬʱѡ˿ӽġɫ鳡ڡ 
ǸС㡱ȵһʱһеķգǿſƵ飬һҩһ룬龰ܹݸжðһ룺Ǻͼһȥģ˳ñ˲ڸǰʱС֮⣬б顣һ˵ȥģ͡С㡱һ䣬Ǯλһ壬Ŀɶɶأ˵ںöɫνġյ㡱ĿģáС㡱ǵл˵νġǻһʲôоأ֪Լ뷨Ǻܿɳܵģȷʵֲɸ˵ġϲѰŮϲ´һһԡ 
һĸоǻĴֻһû߽ȥ￴ľѾéٿȻˣ߽ȥֽĸоأǴڶδ֪˺롣 
ԺپЩҹܻᡢơݡ跿֮ĵطʱһĳ޲߽ȥһ뵽ԼǸɱǮңֲòǳź߿мΣҡſڵ˵ġС㡱ǣˣ֮ڴʯǿסˡһϢдսʤ˱ܵżѵĲȥˡ 
ȻΪһ飬żһأеУ˵иһٶٵҲˣҲľòǸǮµǡӲ±ӹ󡱣ֵطпܰ壬⵽թ±ץףҪǱץסˣ˵Ūпܶġ˵еĸ𾯲͡С㡱һáС㡱նƭȡб˽ҡðաںö鶼Ȼֹȴֲܸžȴִһ󣬽һ󣬽ֻץùġ 
һν֮вãĳŵһƳơһС㡱أϱ쵱ץסˡһϼ֮һ˵ΰĹ涨Ӧöʮ죬߽ͽ̣ͬʱǧǮ㿴ôãǿƳգ޾ɫм˵ǧǮҲλһأٶǧǮлλˣͽ̾˰ɡ˵գͳֻͨµһţǧǮȻһžǧǮǮͿؾͰƳˡ 
ӣһ뵽ǱץԼĶŪǧǮȥѽûǮͲð죬ǿɾĲˡͷûǮ͵ʵʵͣͣع̫ƽӣǧ£¾Ӧ 
ΪˣһеġԼ̫ˣûгɾͣҵûͣһͿأһĪչ뵽ɫ鳡ƣ͵Ƭ̻ɣɬ 
̾һ֮һ룺ûǮҲˣһԼҲǮˣȲ˵һҪɫ鳡úһֲһԼⷽȱ 
˵һһ뷨һӣôǮˣֲУ¶Ӿһѿġ   
5   
ǡ     
 
ʦݵıֽ𣿡 
糿ϰ࣬շǰʱһŪֽͷʵ 
ûأͷһ˵һͰһбշҵСڵ˳һǿΨһһݱֽ 
Ϊʡ֧λıֽú٣ʡοϢձȴֻҺͼ쵼УҾֻһб 
һӹֽһ¥ߣһַšбϵݱֳ͹עһǵһΡ 
⼸죬һ˷бҲʼעտ̨ġչ¡оšһĽĿ 
һעЩֽ͵ӽĿĿ뿴ЩýϣǷкǶʮǮصϢ 
ϰʱ䣬һԭݵҴġһְྶˣⷽȺеơԼˣҲûܻʲôǣ²ˣϾеģҲԸȥ⼸ȴеһ̬ǲʱڱ￴Ӱ 
λ˸£ǵ㹤Сʱˣʱû¿ҾĶ̡ϵرġֻмʮ˿ڵĳһţ죬ܴü˽֪һݵ߶Ҳǵ̸УǷйǶʮǮݡ 
һǹܺڵĺܺڱİ٩ˡϺʮ꣬΢֣ȥʵࡣ٩Ҳʮͣ壬һ˫۾ԡ˵Ĺ֮ͬƫᾭḻ֪ñȽ϶࣬ϵرϲϺ٩꣬˾͸ţϺС׻ܰ٩С׻׻׻˵ĻǾ˵ǶѴ󣬺ʱûᶼѹȥֻһػӣȴ־ѣѰȤϡл˵ϻϣȴֺзִˡǣлͷϻô綨أںǵҲʱǵ⣬лӦָпܸԼεġ˼ʹϵ鷳ĻνϻָЩΡʱ֡˸ˣ޵ķʸȴñˣҲԼġ֮˵лˣ˵ϻϵˡôеİŪ쵼ͬ££Ǣúܡ 
糿һһ߽ݣͼ٩վڵм䣬һֱȻţһ쳤˲ʣ˭˵ǰ췢ָһ£ 
٩ôһ˵ҪһʱͿһ£룺ǲйضǮ£ʱ䡢ص㶼Ǻϵġֻôһ룬һľ 
û˵ʲô٩˵û֪ɣ 
Ϻˮһڣ˵ˣл˵ƨͷš 
٩Ϻǰ˴գһ죬˵𣿸һ̡֧ 
Ϻװһӡ 
µҲø٩˵űȥᡣ 
û취Ϻһһ֧طˣҶЦŵˡֻһûЦڡġﻹЦó 
٩һ̣Ž˵ʮࡪǺҹɣиֳģڽޣͼһŮĹ˵Ҫ 
٩սô䣬ϺͲ廰ҹһһŮϷ 
ûϢ롣٩Ӳ˵ųŮĵĶŮֻ˵һֱǰߣط͸ߵطģųҲ٣Ҳû⡣ྶŮĺߵ˵¥̫ˣֲúù滮ҵķӶ˹⡭˵סǺɫķӡ 
ߵһСʱŮ˵Ҫ³ųĲҪͷ˵գָʮǮ߲øǮˡųľΣ߼ͺ濴һֻۣŮĺһûӰųʱе㷢ëһ˵ĺ췿ӣ뵽װ˵ĹײģǺ¡һ亹ػصУԭί˵ӣһ˶ܾ֡ȻǮ£¶ͳǮһһšֽǮһţǳŵû˹ȥУĨ󱳣Ż˵ڻҽԺء 
½ˡڳļˣ˵µģЩϸϲ磬˵ģ˵ģһյһ˵ģ˼;񻹶ڹ֮ءʱһŵĲ˵ء 
ʱϺվůԼĲ豭ˮһ۰٩˵ҽһҲͬһ죬ҲǷһһ飬֪𣿡 
Ϻôһ˵һֿһ£룺ؿ׼˵ǶʮǮôһ룬һˡ 
⹤򣬺һһݵȺҲˡеģ࣬һһӡѧרҵģȴѧȤרҵûôѧã鵹ǿ˲١ѧУʱ򣬶³Ѹľرƫö֮ܰ۹⿴⡣μӹԺ󣬲֪Ķֿһ̨Ұдġªйˡմ飬ߵ˺¸ǿ˳ۡԱ˼ҳ̡ʷӭģȤǲ岻ԣһ̸ĴĿ´ʡϱȳˣ˼ϵȷеȣҲһЩصļ⣬ڱ˿Ǻô̸۶ѡҧĽ֣дҲԸˣȻеҲעᱻáǸϡġ˶ʱڣ׼Ϊһ󣬲ηΪ˳̵־ʿ̫ƽʢĽ죬ԵЩˡ֮ȺǸرˣϺ٩˵Ը෴Ϊüͷʮ꣬۽ǾͳƣҲ˲ٰͷ 
֪¥ɣ¶ͳǶ 
Ϻ˵ôһ䣬Ⱥ͸п˵˵ʲôҪζһζ۱Ƶģūѧ 
ϺһȺ廰ͷѻסˡڳļ˶ͷµϺ½ 
ϺŸɿһ˵˼ǵǶȥԷϲ˵ʱ򣬺˲˵ŮԱģһʱˣƨһѡԱǸմũ嵽򹤵ģǸӾǿ¹է֪ԭǸǲĻ֪ҲͲ֨ˣ֪ﵱʱͲˣģȱ¡ļڵػˡֺ˾ƣžƾǹ˵֪˭˵ȱ£ã˵ȱ£Ҿȱһص¡һ²Уҽ졭ҽ컹Ҫء˵գ· 
ʲôˣ˭ϼеʵڿȥתȥеİͲÿֱ֣ÿϸߡƾǹУݵصУ˵棬͸̣ˡ 
٩Ц˵ɣϹ׻û˵ء 
Ϻû˵أ㰮Ųš 
컯գĿ͸ǿˣȺߵ˵ 
ϺмؿȺǲʲôС컯աҲ֪ʲôСĿǾ֪Ǵգ˵Ƥӵٻˡ 
ţţϽţôĻɱŮʿȥ٩˵ţҪȥأվſڵȺǰŹˡ 
Ϻ˵컯աĿô˼һأüˣ˭˼ôץȥأɹ첻ַŻ˵֤ݲ㣬ʵã۱¶ˡ 
Ⱥֽӹ㲻˵ʵ˭Ҳףñͷ̣ԭԱ桯ֻҪǮˣڵҲӲ˵ɰ׵ġ˾Ѳʲô¡ֻ󣬲֢أһЩ˼˽ûθУȱٹ֮ģ壬ȨֵòЧļලԼȨı˽̰ȨǮ׵ȸ⡣Ҫĸٷ˵ģĸﵱгֵֻͨĸܵõ⻰̫ˣĥľˣҲͲõˣʵ⻰Ǿġǣй˽СĻʵͣȱʶֹɧõϵʱȴֶֻ˵úúáŵĺС˵йĸĸֻµع᳹ϵƶĸҲȻһĹ̡ 
ûȺ꣬Ϻüȥˡ٩ӣ˵һ˲һɣҲȥˡһ˶ˣҲûʲô˼ҲߣʱֻôһڣߣȺ²̨ġȺˣȻʷЩ˲ԴҲ̫ѿû취ֻĲɵš 
ȺҲ˶ĻȤֻʣһһˣҲͲ½ˡֻ˵й˾漰ģԴֻ꣬ҪԸкôǿԽʾ֭ѾĻԺ޳ܣģ˸񣬶ڹغ飬ǾĮˡ 
Ⱥпһ̾Ϣһ޿κεػصԼ 
ͨĹ۲죬һûֺǶʮǮйصʲôϢҲͷſˡЩǮˡ 
ڶ糿һͦãԼľ״̬Ҳ뵽ʡǴǮȥ׼ǶʮʹڱأԱʱ֮á 
ߵչӺͺϰϰ࣬ѧѧˡһλ绰ׯ˸ѣ˵ˮ仵ˣҪһޣͲλȥˡ 
˼٣һͰѷſڵǮôһǮַ˺ϼơ 
ǰһϴǧǮʱûйһӴʮȻܽŵġôأ¶ɣʮƱӲģﴧùĹĵģ̫ԣװᶵɣױһѶߣøӲסͷΪǮƣǾƵģյĴڡڻ𳵡ϣڴ֮ͥ£ҲĿŵ١ӣԶĽĴСģ˵ˡһˣֳĴͽǰֶӲˣǸʱжǮ˼ҵġ 
ôܸȫЩأ 
һʱ򣬺ȻСʱ򿴹ִϷƼǡﷹܵһĻɴܵ־һϸڹ˼һȽķڲˡ 
ҲԶһг˼⣬㡣ؼҺһƾɵĨʮǮһӵ£ٷϷڲгϸոصĶĨ͵¶š룬һЩͺĶ˭ŵġʹ˴ͽϣҲôһĲӵġ뵽ˣΪԼĻǸеǳԺһαװһ̤ʵˡ 
ΪһһְԼҵһذ״Ĳֲ˵ڲӵıϣٵģĲҲҪĻ׼εһʱԼһ¶ͽӢֻۡôһ룬ѪҺͷˣظҲͦøߡ 
ʵϣһ·֮ʲôΣҲûһ˳ؾͰǮˡ 
ǮˣѴ浥ʲôطأһַһԽö⣬ʮǮĴ浥۵һС飬һֽƽˣ͸ճſǸŵԱߡͷ쵽湴ͷؿĻ˭Ҳֲ˵ģöʱš 
Ǯڴ۵ҳ࣬ճĶҲ˵ʲôʱҪõڼױӷ֣һ;ڵλΪʱ룬һ͵ˣǮҲˡ 
۴浥ź֮һ뵽ǸС 
ǮǼģ͵ġһĸоǸСƵŲһ˷˻Լ鷳˳ŷ˺ǰˢͣˢûأͰˢϵĲ˺ĶĨһֱͨŪĿԷǣһͿ;һֽͬһӵˡ 
һУһú⣬ԼĻϸĺ͡룬һعԱһúܳɫġ   
6   
ǡ     
 
һ˵ϴǮʣ׾ô¡̸̱ͨˣͨ°汾Ĵǵ䣬ŪˡԭνϴǮǰѷǷõǮͨеֶθıǮ塢ʣʹ֮ΪϷ롣һ̾νϴǮǸʻ㡣ĳЩرȫĹң˵оûҪܵӦķԼ˵ʹйزŵļල֮УаɲġΥߵķǷ룬񷷶ȡǮΪǺϷԴȲܴ棬Ҳ޷ҪҪйزŵĵ飬ͻ¶ڴˣЩͰǮ浽ȥھʲôͶʣȡúϷٰ֮Ǯתصڣͱ˺Ϸ롣 
ȻǹһûӦķɺͻලĸдҲ̰ܻߡǷӪ˽ȸַⱵԭ֮һͬʱҲ˵ǹҷƻȫܡ 
й˶Ը롢ͥƲǻĪģʹǸֵ֮ҲӲʼ¡ڷ֮䣬ûʲôܿˡرһ̶άļ֮ͥУһǮ֧ǿͳƳģҪʲôҲܡһ˾Ǯһ˵˵Ҳ˵׬֮ܶҪǱǮת˳ļͥ룬ȻȻˣǮĶģǸǮĶģôشأ˵ͥϴǮ 
ǣǮôϴأҸʲôǮأ˼ڤ˺üҲûһʵķӡ 
糿ϰ࣬Ϻͦ磬˿ˮ˲裬һˣûྶҲûʲô¿Ͷ˲豭ߵһˡһ٩ҲˣҲǸͲסįϲѶˡ 
٩һţͲе˵ֺȶˡһ˵һ죬ŶӣԳһ಻Ե״ 
ȶۣһЦʵ 
٩죬ָͷ󱭰׵ģơġ 
Ķȵģ 
ԲԵ 
ԲԵĶѽ¿İɣ 
԰ߣǽԭһڸĳ˾Ƶ꣬տŲż졣һͬѧҳԷ˵ԲԵǶòǶȥˡȥɣȵܣȥɣǵ˼Ҳˡû취ѽ 
ûԳζ𣿡ϺȤʵ 
㾻Ϲ滷治أҲͦãǷԼɱġȥʱϸɱһ¸ء 
ԣȺŴ⣬˼ü޸п˵й治ǾƵĴѽƵСƹݵǣţë԰ﱾӦﻨĵطھȻ˵ȻƹռˡŭΪ֪ڳļ˵УһôȾƣʣµļλǶԾͦкøеˣԻߣ̾˿˻ȥ 
٩ǸԾر׵ˣֻҪһƣԭͦ۾ø󣬶ҷŹ⣻һٺϰڻ£һҲӶࣻȾƵʱɤžͦߣ˾ԭĻף˵ȶǰ˵ƵĻȻɡ֪ȺԾûкøУ¾͹ȺƿǺöѽʳԽԽᡯ 
һһ칫ҵС󣬾ȴҲǸˬ֮ˣԾҲкøеģҲ˵ܹ֮ͨĹϵܼѼĸ顭 
ȺԾƿ˵ʹʱ̲סпⶫʲô˷أ˵й˻ۣҿϵй˻øۡһϾƣһսҪƴһɡ˵ľдСģܺȾͺȣܺȾ£ǲУҪȰ㡪Ⱦǲӡǳһ򣬸һƣѪйӵģ˭ܲأ˭ܳԼͱ˸ǳأǾ͵ӲͷƤºȡ˭𱭣˭𱭣Ҫűֵ˭𱭣Ҫѳζǣģؽϼ䣬·ҪһĴȫ桭˵˻Ҫƣ˴˱ҪơͬҪȣҪȡ࣬£ҳһ࡭⿴֡һƬҵı֮£ǵͷȴûңֺ˭ðͽ˭˭˭С𱰹ֵءȶģǿװһʲô¶ûеӣԴʾȾƵʵͷԵѣûȶģȴװȶˣ˵ӡǡʵڣ˼׬ȡ˵ĺøС֮ܿй˽ͻαԸȸԸص㡭Ҫ˽йˣõȥֻҪ￴й˺Ⱦʱĳ͹ˡ 
Ϻҡҡͷ˵Сԣ㣬˾ǹ֣ɶ¶ͱ˿һ 
Ⱥһʱ 
ҹ֣Ūףö˶һ԰ҪһƵأ 
Ϻ˵㲻׵¶أ˭аЧ棿԰һƱмǮЩְ𣿡 
ҵλҵѲ𣿡 
ʲôһ԰ֲŹݣ˵ڵĹ԰ҵλҵ԰԰ûǮʲô㲦 
ûǮ쵼СôǮأԺôǮأ׼칫¥ôǮأ 
ɱңҿɻش㣬㻹гȥɣҿɷˡ 
ȺԽ˵Խһǲ֣׽⣬һЩĹҵ㲻ˣ㲻ãһǵȨ߰ѣһǧ𣬻˲ƣһЩν󹤳̣ΪԼͬʱִȡôν˫գȴطɸĸ 
ϺͷشĻСģ˾һ˵ͳԶˡɶѽһСϰôɶܵѽǸϺʱˣ˵ɶУû˹ܣǸϡҡǻˣ͸ˡŲ 
Ϻ˵ţڳļˡеĵͷʾ޳ɣеЦǱ˼Ҳǳֿ϶̬ȵġ 
ϺһͨףȺҲ˵ʲôˡȴߣй黵ͻܱ̫ˡ 
ྲһ٩ͲסįˣŷŵĻ˵ԲԵ극תƵ԰ҲͷһεǶȥһͦ˼ġ 
ǳƨྶ¡һһЦ˵ 
ѽǳƨྶģϲһڶûЩûȥء 
Ⱥֽ˵԰Щһй˼ǳĻʵִֻͣ׵ĶڵǶ̫ˣû͸Ƿ̬ûණ˼룬ֻͼһ֣үСһһһûһĶֻһ֣˾ʲôϢͬһҵĴûһĶֻһ֣Ҳʲôǰ; 
Ϻòͷˣü˵û˰һס٩˵ 
٩ɤӼ˵˻ͦ࣬ȥģûλںվҲֶһͷӣǸҡС㡯Ĺ¡˵ô˵վǰһġС㡯ͦ˵ģϾ͵վǰȥתơתתȥ͵ģ͸ȥСõꡣһ̸ۣһʮǮֻһС㡯ġһϼƣɴһɣǡС㡯ͬأҲˣ˭ҲˡͦŽġС㡯һ룬ڿ٣嵭ֻҪǮ׬ాһͶాһɡǾ̾˿˵ðɣҽ쵹ùҪһһɣ 
ǣһôһأ٩ֻɫؽŽȥ֮ڳļ˶ùЦ 
ׯݵķŰšݵЦׯ΢΢һüһ棬һĹϽΧϰʱӰ첻ãΪƳйϵΣһ棬Ǹɵˣı˱ǲ˵ʲô 
бֽ߽һһҪǵĿжһ£̸ЦǷйأĳֿʹǵЦ 
֪Լݵλ岻ףЦЦʵʲôѽôˣ 
Ϻʵĵطһ飬һЦ 
ׯºôЦӰ첻ãԼҲЦ 
Цһ֮Ϻһڲ裬һ˵ƹݷ꣬һǼҸжԶСޣԭǻеĹˡΪЧ治ã𣬿֧һûָ͸ɴѰ·ݼҡѴŲش˵ǮԼһСꡣҵҵ࣬Ҳ¼ˣȥ˸СӣһڣСӹͦõġ˭֪þе˵ǮͲѧˣ黨ǲݣһﳶˡƫƫֲʲôöͼСåһ֪ϸĶԶԶģСӵã֪һ˼أŮĻˣе˦˦ˡû취ֻúϱ顣еҲͰСϱ 
ŮԼźӹȻǲ׵ġŮҲˣ˵ҪѷҳȥӴ˲ǷģҲǷǮˡǮʲôãǮǻŮĺǼҶͦõģǼȥһ˶ġ糿ڽϿң˵ҰæϵϵҪѷҳȥĶټһ𣬺һǮǸСȥģʰûԣλҲŪˣһôҲʣġûǸǮҲû˾ӪȻҾ͸ˡ 
ϺǱ߱˵һȴȥˡ 
һһ֧̣һţһϼƿˣҪôͿСꣿӵģģֻҪϾ£˵ˣŪǲǸ˭Ǯأ 
ͷΪӵĴڡжеȨȡ֮ơΪ˸Щ֮ϺϷ£üԼʲô򿪸ʲôģ֮ⲻھƣûǲģҪǸеǮһϷĳ 
뵽Щһ͸Ӽᶨ˾ģԣͿС꣡ 
ô˭ǶӪأкЩϸһʱûü룬Ҫȥĳ嶯ʹ˷ܲѡֻʣϺʱһʵ˵ǸҪҵСĶѽ 
Ϻɻ۾ʵô㻹е뷨 
һ룬ڻûһƲأȱͼ˵ǾͼǱ˸Ϲ˵һݣͷͺ˵ˣĿĶкʵҪҵС꣬һ 
ǾͰǸȥɲɵģȿ¡ 
һ˵ڲڱأšƬ̣Ҫôɣȥһˣ 
ϺΪǳȫ˵£ֵðæ¿ֱ˵ҪϢʱˣȥ¡ 
гֻʮӾ͵˵ط 
ҵֺһֵǸȡĵطվڽͷȥ߲඼ǾƵ극ݣǲҵ֮ء̵һԽǹһݣԽû˹ˣԽһҰһңģ˿ԽǰǶꡣ 
Ϊʱѽ磬ǲҵ˿ӯŵʱ򣬽ֵͣʳǵĸֳƼȵ 
ҵϺ˵ǸСꡣһ߲дǡƼҡ֣Ҳ֪⡰Ǻ˼кɡһŵģһźֽдš˵ҡ绰롣 
һԵؿ˿СֻͦģͶϺ˵ܲܰϸ 
ȻˡϺ˵ţͰϵĵ绰£һõ绰ͤ˵绰Ȼ˵̣վſڵš 
һ֧̻û꣬ͼԶһٸһСϺ˦ͷʾ˵ˡ 
˵䣬ٸ͵˽ǰһ͵´һٸģʶ˵ùȥġϺŵĽܣоΪɷеϧͲֵ뵽ٸвͬ 
ٸòغϺһ˴кͿţý 
ĹģȷԼаʮƽ׵ӡһǸ׶࿪䣬ңĶǽСӼ䣬ɿĸ˾ЩˣеҲУҲɡŵǳС㣬Լʮƽ׵ӡһĲϱϴǽǴеӺ죬Ǽ򵥵װޡǽڻһǸˮһһŵȫŮͼ 
˵ʵڵģһУе᲻ѽٸ̾һž˵⣬һһһν룬߸սû졣أֵǮģһһʵ磬һ죬ûؼҲûطţһҳȥǸտʱģ꣬úõġټʴߵȣȫһǧǮϷ⣬ȫһǮҶûģҲˣҲʲôǮֻҪϾСӪҵִҲȫԸؾ͵˰Ƕһ£ԸؾôҲеġ 
˵꣬ٸ̾һ 
һٸĻתһȦٸ˵ƷԵعһ£ƺҲûʲôˮ֡ͬʱҲٸǼڳ֣ѹѹۣ¿ǧ˰ٵģٸ׼ܵġһŮӲףԸ̫ƽϡ 
һͳ̣Լһ֧Ϻһ֧ˡϺֿٸ˵ҿɣһȥǸݰϸһ£벻У׼֮ڣ㲻ܶҸˡһһָϺ˵˭Ҳܲ¶㿴вУ 
ٸϺϺûʲô飬Ҳʾͬ⡣ô˵ˡ   
7   
ǡ     
 
磬һſ¡ 
ȻҲǮͶʣɵģǮһĥУʮǮǮ̫٣ԶԶСأ˰ǸѵģҲ˶Ǯ˵ʲôзգǰʮǮȫͶȥ˺ãأĶŪʮǮȥѽһǱȽϱصˣ˼ǰְǸСˡǸģСʽ٣Ҳ٣ù⡣ֻûǶ̯ȥȻ뵽һˣϼҵһھӡ 
һֶھӣʮ꣬ǴĳӣȻûʲô󷹵Ҳûʲôĳʦ֤ջǲģ참װȵģ˵ùȥġǰЩ꣬ʲôϲ£඼׵ġԴ㣬˺֮㣬һЩͬױһδؾǶ֡˵ˣҲʲô󷹵꣬ҲҪʲôʦ 
֮һΪֶ׼ʤεġͬʱҪʱ򣬻ڣԱ˾˵ֶ忪ġũʵڣھӣӺġ 
һһЩйصϸڣԽԽÿСʵеġ 
ö֮һҪĹҪȡӵͬ⡣»Ϊͣһ˵ǰ˳Ĵ£Ƿ޶˺ϼŰźãǷ֮ءΪˣϣһһЩȺӸˡͣͣڴ£һͰѻȳ̾һôأǳġ 
»;ʵôʲôֳ̾ģ 
һͽ˵㿴ңÿ¼ٿǮʣûһǮһ˳ûóԣûôһͣ񣬲ĲΡ 
˵ĲΡһӾ뵽˽صǸҹܻԼﻨȥʮǮ˼ûڴ˴ͣϽ˵ǿ˵عӣûʲô˷ѵĵطҲûǮģ˵˵ȥ̫ˡͷ٣ֻʹӣǾ꣡ 
£ҲˣۿʧȥͶˡũͷ̫̫ҲûݽϾҽȻҪŮǿɲǧ˰ٵСĿۣ˵˵⻹бŮԷֵһΣôǵĺֻһ˫ĸûʲôǷֵˡ°ͳˣۿžҪϸˡ˵ڹһⲹηһ͵òǮ⵹ҲУٽڼЩʱǿάֹȥԺأϴѧҵһϵеⶼҪǮ⼸öǮģ 
άѣϵǮطָôӦأЩֱ붼밡֮ǮĵطԽԽ࣬ȴûʲôǮܲһ뵽Щ磬ʳѰġ 
˴»Ҳ̾һʲôãûǮ˵˵ˣôǰԸŹ£ĺЬûȳ 
һӺһ仰˵ļеֺܷȤͣͷ 
ô˵ɸĻ밡⼸һֱĥǿôطҶˣڰٻ¥ĺ棬ִӶȫǷꡣҿǸ治٣һʦԱ͹ˣСӪùһټ豸ȫϣһǮǵӵľһǮ˵㡣Լͷ߰ǧڵλͬ㣬ܴˡ 
ժժ裬Ǯܴչˣ˭ǶأǶѽϰ 
һ֪ӻģɤӣ˵ˡ֪ϼҶԺھֶ峴ըеģ󷹵겻˵СԵġӶˣϰȥ궬ûģȻͶסݣԼԼģӹҲͦѵġǰܳԹסÿٸٶٿǮ֪أммأľĹҵпˣ硢°һǶӦšҲôˣҲûɶϢˣ첻ٵһ˭զģԼǮģɶ׳ƽʱأֶǶţٹԱͦ 
ЩҲе㶯ˡֲǵ˵ڷô࣬ǮǮ˵أǮûţٰǵϱȥ 
һ˵ͷİɣҸˡһͣһƽôҲٿǮͰһ㣬ǶʮԪһ¾׬ǧ顣ʦԱ˵ÿ߰˰ٿ飬˰˵ҲһٶǮͷ£㣬ÿ¿۳һǧǮʣǧءһԪȥǮʣôҲɣǮǮ˵ʲôɶ˵ǿɾһʾ޿ġ 
һһ̴΢Цϲ˵õͦ벻Ҳ֪Լɡ 
˵ţͱȥһŶ׼˯ˡ 
һӸ˵ӣ֪˵ˡǺױ˵ģ̫˳ˣܡԼһ֮ȨȴܰѼӹ㡣һչʾԼĻˣôġ 
һ֪ԼŸеѱû൱ĹϵǺѱ֤һ͵ġⲻҪΪСĿģֻǰԼһǮĻӣٲҪ¾㣬ҲҪ˵ˣǵȻáͷֻҪпܣ˭ԸǮأ 
ĻҾͻϼȥһˣֶܲҪһ˳Ļһ֮ڣ֮飬ǵ˶ҲֱһͷЦƶЦ潡ǮôģǮţ˾ĽûǮԼѲ˵ҲƲ𡭡 
һ˵ˣͨˣˣģڵաǾ˵ǮҲӰ˵ЩƵӰνһƬеģеŮǶġСʱϼңһһµһԼµĶзӦأ㿴龰ʲôӦأ 
ӱû 
ԽһԽȤȻطҪʸ󣬸첲֧ϰ쳤ӣͷнؿӵ׷ʵ˵ѽʲôӦ 
һЩͬʱоһٸʵ׵Ŀ֣һòĴ̼ 
»;סĥ̾˿תƹֵ˵˭㣬Դ쾡Щ߰Ķ 
ôһ˵һеΪ顣룬Ůбѽѧ˵ģ˵ǿңŮԾ͵ĮһЩŮ˶ԵҪĽӴϣͨӾ̼õ㡣ΪµʱŮ˶ϲڰ۾Ա㼯оȥо֣ϲ۾ĹߣŮ˵λӾ̼ԼĿ֡ 
һ˵ŵͬʱµĶ΢΢е㶯ʱӵıѶǹ⻬ĶƤ»ȥܿ㵽յ㡣һû뵽ǣʪˡȻղ˵èЩˡеϲּŮûǻʲôŮأ 
һȤǿˣһӾӵıѶ   
8   
ǡ     
 
ׯ¾ˡΪǨ֮ϲϣڡϯȫ²඼ˡһһҵģȻ¡ 
ְϯҲͻ࣬ǺöˣöһԶ裬浽У¡ֳϣ˭Ҳܶȣ˭ҲܾôϯʽʼһСʱߵþͲˡеľúȵδܾˣҼҪõģֵ𴦺ȥˣģ˴չ֣Ҹط齫ȥˣҲн˵ˣϴԡɣ֮ĵطǲȥġãѰ㡣ĶҲȥģֻûؼˡһһ˴ҪҵǸС겻ԶٵǶȥ 
˵طһŴһĴСȷʵԵģλҲȷǲġ͸ӼᶨҪСľġ 
ɫҪˣһгߡ 
ʱ°ģæҸϡǻϣгǸһһ⵱УģЩڳｨϸɻڼʮԶũǡǶǶʮꡢǿ׳ˣȻһ죬ǵʣ;ܹƵİг÷ɿ졣ڳ˵ˣϰֻɻĿһصУǾͳ˹ĿͷӵЦϵľƲˣܽһƣ͡ 
·ߵеϣЩԹĳˣеɢŲҹǣԵĹλҹ֮ʱ̣ǽʱ 
һгǰأԶԶؾͼһɫ·Ůӡڰʱ֣ڻҰϵİɫ·رۣһעȻȻͼǵϡ 
߽ʱһط֣ŮĲᣬҷǳ׼ȷ˵һڱƯòͬʱеУᵽɢһζǵ̫ۣǵز¶ֻ̫ࣿǵ¶ĳЩḡĶ֮ƾֱһ;ɫ鳡ķС㡱 
ʱһèŵζһȫһӾ˷ˡźǣΪУС㡱ܿͲˡ 
˹ȥˣԶˣһŤŲ濴 
ſţһȻһ嶯ҪۻȥٿС㡱ܵĻҪǴڨڨ»Ҫզһʱûü롣ͬʱ־Լ뷨̫Ц̫ˡʹ˾ɫ鳡ġС㡱֮ϣĿ֮£Լأֳ嶯ȴħƵǿץסʼɼˡ 
ʱһĸоҪȥʲô£ееŲֱҪʲô˵Ĺеее㷢գͬʱһ֪ʷǣҪ׹һԨһҪ۾Լô׹ȥģͬʱǳҪ˭ЦƵġ˭أ᣿ǣǺԼںԼɣҪԼЦ 
һ΢΢ЦˡЦ̫ˡǸ׳ЦǸߵЦĳǰļδĳЦϷЦ 
һĸоУһǷǳȷǿҵģҪȥһծһʷǷծ 
Ǵνҹܻ֮һԸȽԼʲôʱǮˣҪɫ鳡ȥúɣֲһԼⷽȱǮˣȴԸˡ⼸һֱ˼ŴǮͿһ飬׮ʱһˡʱС㡱ĳֲҡٵˣҪ̸ж 
ùегһת˻ȥ 
ʱС㡱ѾȥжԶˡһ͵ż£쵽ǰʱŻٶȣֱͬٲС 
һŤͷ͡С㡱ߡؿøˡӣŮҲڶʮҡǵôĹۣͷôںüôϸ䣬ôĺ󡪡һ˶һжôĳˡֱһգ߶߲ˡ 
ɶѽС㡱ͬ˵ 
һ˵ôһ䣬һһض϶ʮа˾žֳɫ鳡ġС㡱ĸǣҸŮرǴӵĹڴ֮Ǻܺİ˴ġİרעĿ⣬Ψֱ֮ʲôֵУʵ޷ܵʱҲ߶ŭԷġķŭĳ𡣶ǰС㡱˵ڵʣ˵ڴΡ 
һ㣬׶Ҳ͸ˡ˵ҿ̫ÿˡ 
Ȼһ˵⻰Ҳϵһ棬Ļ̽ò 
һôһ˵§ǱЦһš 
ˣһѾ϶ɫ鳡ġС㡱˵Ҳ͸Ӵ㡣 
λС㡯Ķȥѽ 
ؼѽش 
ؼңһЩɻˣʼԼŵжǷȷ 
һ˽⣬ɫ鳡ġС㡱һضǴģǴλƵģһطһʱתƵȥǲµġԭȻ±ϳһ֪ˣǺɾͲˣҪ˵Ǳ˴ƣǻҲðˡǵӡУɫС㡱ͺ;潼һֻͬǵĽзˣȥ潼ˣڽСС㡱ƺֻһЩһЩȴҲˡС㡱һʵʥ࣬ڹ˭ƺĳĳŮʿΪĳĳС㣬ŮʿܵһڽܡΪһԡС㡱ǵţǡС㡱һ˵ؼңһһ㶡̶ʵǼĶѽ 
С㡱ǰһָǶ 
һ˳šС㡱ָķһһվվǰһܴճճмС꣬һģһģܴĵϺȻдšõ֮ҡ֡һ룬С㡱νļҴžǸطɣ룬ǵطǵݾͲûˣǾνġС㡱ǵطĻǾ˼Ҹˡ 
һҲ²أͼС㡱ֱȻ¡⣡⡱٬ӣũ峵ʽԦһָ˴վǰĿճȥˡ 
ţһװͬ·У߱ߺС㡱ڣ˼ͻȻ𴦣ûɸ˼һˡȻҪҲûȾ͹ԼһءȻҪŵŵģһʱ̫Ӧϻһˣûô޳ܡ⣬ڻŪ׼С㡱ǱĶȥġǱȥģ˼ҿɾŮˣٲ˼Ҿ̫ˣ˼ǷԼѿ˵ǻġҪǰǵŪ 
һгվ·ߣǵıӰڹ۲ǵȥ򡣹Ȼǽˡõ֮ҡġʣǾǡС㡱ˡ 
ʱһ˷һһϲȻһ嶯ҲҪȥõ֮ҡҪǸ뵽ǸСøÿǸһᡣȵƣ죬һʱ⡣ܲиؽӴǾҪǷˡ 
һϾֱõ֮ҡȥһгȥҡС㡱е㲻ʣë¿ϴһе㻬ЦȰгͻؼȻ⳵ȥɣ뵽⣬ϳӾǱߡ 
һΣתһ룬Լ˼ңҪ˵ݣǵ¥£Ҳûˡ˵ʱһ˵⹤ԼеǸС㡱ȥأɴгڸˡ뵽⣬Ĵߵһסլ¥ǰطżгͰԼĳҲǶˡ 
һгĵطࡰõ֮ҡҲİԶҲòϼӵġͷԣˣüǮˣߣõɫ鳡ȥ˼Цģе͵ñӡĵһ⳵⳵˾Կ⳵ؿ̵һΡ 
ڡõ֮ҡ³ʱһԼ֪Ķһ㶼ûԥ̨ף͵ţҡڵؾͽȥˡ 
мģڿӡп˽Ͻӭ˵ǡ 
ʱһһЦŤͷʱǷڽС㡱ڽһɳϰɰؿһЦء 
ղ㲻ǻڽôأ˵ǿһЦ 
һǮӾʹ˭ʶƤҲ޹˼ɵмֿš˵ 
С㡱һһЦ 
龰˵ҪҡС㡯Űɣĸ 
һһָСǸ˵Ҫ 
ǸСһҪ߸˵վ𣬳һǸе㱻ĸое㲻ζȻźܸ˵ӡ 
ʲôأ̣צƿơƣõȻҲѯĻ￴Ϊһźˣһֻǳòѡ 
ʵϣֵطͬķ꣬ԭûмɹѡĶ˭඼ЩǵֵطҪΪ棬Ϊһʽ޹ؽҪ仰˵ṩҪĳǲȣܵҪǡС㡱ķҲǲȡЩԱĳιۿֻһڣ۹βĿġ 
һ˼ڡС㡱ϣԷĻֻĲɵӦһ 
ͺ֮󣬾һ¥ߡǸС㡱һߣһ¥ 
һǵһεֵط¥һ¥ǸľָһСӼ䡣ÿСӼ䲻ƽ׵ӣͦߵƿǿĵذ壬ذŵ̺̺Ϸźܰķģձķľֻ˸ߣǳŵģ˵϶ôڴʱﲢûʲôˡ 
Ʋ˶ˡС㡱Ҫһ̣ǮȻڲġһжźˣţ˳ȥˡֻʣһ͡С㡱ˡ 
ϴڽصҹܻȣϴһˣԼһģûˣܾϴĸһСֻСС㡱ˣûκθţϴǸС㡱ͦÿƯᣬĿ 
ʱһ˼ˣ⼫ˡ 
ȶڵ̺ϣЦǰġС㡱Ȼ׼ŵģ뷨ܸıԡ˰ؼϲãиְش밮 
⡰С㡱ȻСԴӸһУڲһʱ˾ѾˡƽʱĶаŵĿ⣬һͷһοаѾޱʲôаأааĶȥأҲ·ŵΪǷŵġһе񲻰ˡжͬʱҲУΪŮԣʵĿɳɱ 
ɣȱưɡС㡱˵ţƿȸһľƱﵹȻָԼĵɣȰɡ˵գԼһˡ 
⡰С㡱ƽʱȾƣ˵ģǲѵģ޺ȣҪԼ 
һ¶ǣһšС㡱ǹƯСôƺأ 
ͽ˼ɡ 
˼꣬ͦãеʫ⡣ˣ 
ʮšС㡱ػش 
ҳСȻϸţƵ˵СǸС 
һַһ޴Ĵ⻰ͷŵͬС㡱ķСӦõʲô˵ʲôĳʶ 
ʵһ仰˺ܸӵСһ棬桰С㡱ϧôСôƯȴһУһͬʱ룬ԼĺӶʮˣҲС˶٣ԼĸˣȴȡֶﲻЩһ棬Ϊһˣɫ鳡ϣҵСġС㡱СнõգĺͺܺõⲻǸйϵϵҪѻǮҡС㡱һֽסʵҲһֽסôС㡱ԽС˾ͻԼⳡԽ㣬ԽռˡϲСŮӣ˵ԡԶʱϲʵ۵һ 
һڹ۲졢˼ꡰС㡱ʱ򣬷ƤճһЩһĶлмεСƬڵƹ 
һʵճɶѽ 
¡С㡱ش 
ƯĺӰĻһϲŮСǱϾǸŮϵɫ鳡Ůϵԣ̫һʱ˼ôǵıʾҪģһĸо 
ԴԺһŮƤճֽۻƬһͻ룺ǲǡС㡱أǾͻһ˼ҡ 
¶ǣһĸоԽԽ˵ʶԽԽأͳĵԽԽܵȴԽԽǿҡ 
һһ˳ʮ˾ŸɧʣһǾư룬ɧãԼΪʲôɧأԼ̫ˣҲ÷ŵŵˡյС㡱ǰšС㡱ز˵ҿ¡ 
ڡС㡱ĸоҪǺƽģԥؾ· 
һúܽƹС͹Ķ֮Сͦ⻬ָеԡ 
֮һοŮ˵һˡڵ̺ϣŻ谵տﶥ룬Լڽأ⹤ȴ͡С㡱ʱ⡣һУһһۣϸϸƷζ׽Լо 
һšС㡱Ư룺С㡱ôСôãܹȻȻ뵽¡СӼ˽̶ܳҲ̫ˣ߽ʲôõġֻʲô£˵ġͬʱҲֵ֪طǷ顣룬һʱóȻȥµġ 
ˣˣԺл˵ɡԼ 
鲻ˣǾ˶ΰɣ 
һ¶ǣһ˵ҿ±¡ 
С㡱һ¡ 
һԼҪеˣеΪ顣ǾڸԼ̨ף˵һ䣺ҵСôѽ 
˼˵ƾʲôСأ˵ĸоǴҪΪҪСѲŲòġ 
仰Ȼ顣С㡱৵ؾȹӣѶɺխĿԱһһӾ¶Ǹط 
֪˼ꡰС㡱е㺦ߣҪһһЦûʲôأһɣְǵطˡһĸоСʱũϼǶһӢǰٿһ 
ӣѧ֦꣩辱֦֮辵ĸήȴڼƤԿ֦辵Χγ¡ΧмͰݽȥˡ   
9   
ǡ     
 
糿رˬ·ҲȽµʱˣһжôˡ 
һУһ泩ˡȥվ·ϣдĸĺҡȲƷŸõĺĶ¶ĸļٿǮһֻŽƺֻҪԼһܷƵġ 
ǰһ˵ϼҼֱһ־񸺵 
һĸĸֻӣϴһһãСꡣ 
һһѧҵؼũһ꣬һָ߿һרҵѧУӴ˾뿪˼磬뿪˸ĸҵУﴦ˶󣬾ڵ»͡óбҵͲˣڼҴ˼꣬ͺͱһСӽ˻顣͹һ֮һϼҵĵϸ˷ӣּˣӴ˾Զżңҡһ÷Ǹʵׯˣʲô˵ҲûУǰԺԺһһһĸҲиˡ 
һû˶İڼͥϣ˼뻹ǺܴͳġйһһΪ޳ȥǱ˼ҵˣӲǼĶӦøиΡ 
ĸĸʮˡ׸һũ۵ձֻйëɻӳĸͷȫˣ·һŲһģֲãһ۾ͰԺȥյʱ԰ףԺˤһӣˤˡһ뵽ЩһͲܡ 
ΪĸΨһĶӣӦеĸ񣬸㹻ѣʹǲڼĶʳӦǽӵذꡣǣԼʵ̫΢ڳִ󣬳ȥά֮ҵ⣬ûʲô࣬ﻹиǮĸأԼסһҰķӣԼסŶЩٰͣѸĸ͸ˡ 
ÿλصϼңƾɵլŲϵĸĸģԼΪӡھף޵ݣԼǰôЩꡣ 
ںˣһǮˣٲΪ޷жӵζǳˡ 
ˡֻʮӣʻ 
۳⣬ԭҰɽͱһУһеһӾͿˣֳݷڳѹָһӾʧˡ 
ʻСʱسǣسǻжʮŵеյվڵء³̫ķһؾ͵ϼҵǸСɽˡ 
ڹ·ϣһеôʣΧһжеĿ̫߸ߵҫţķ㡣·ԣڵĴ￪粥֡һһ˵ЦԶɫķΰѴص׺ĸɽϣɫ࣬һеظȺɽȥɽϵһƬĻ䣬ͬߵһĨϼɽ幵Ҳ³ССҶƬԶԶȥӳ£ׯķ˼֣Ȯšôõ԰ôĴׯ 
԰ãǰΪʲôôڳУҪǧټＷأɸֽ޺ӵĿռ﾿ʲôôأνִ˼´ν罻Ƿ곡ϷѧԽԽανϵĽѡ棬ľûиоãǾ޶áǶȻ컯ԽԽԶˣֻڶʺͽǮ׷ܡǽʾ֭ѾĻڲϵ׷ΪǿԲܵذͽᡢӭģԳ˸񡢳ġ꣬Ի̨ʹ°ӡЩеɾ͵ˣմմϲֺ󣬲һЩʲôҲûеõǣ̾ԱԹˣɧ 
һԼΪʲôִЩõĿԼڳûãԳеӡͲأʵԭأ 
һں˼룬ѵԼҵſڡʱĸĸ԰ء 
һֿԼҵݣֿձĸס·һŲһĸסһεĸоǰʹһˣΪǮˡ 
ӻˣĸĻƣŶӽݡ 
ǰһһ㶼ǡһʮһڡ⼸ղŻϼҵģЯ޴ӣһ˶β겻ڣͻȻһ˻ĸָ־⣬е㷸ϼƣ룬ǲʲôأϳڣָ˵ 
ٹʮģǡһˣһʱǲʲôѽ 
һ뼱˵ֿ£ҡҡͷ˵ûʲô¡ڲݴڼҴҲûʲô£ͻ 
˵ûʲô£ŷɡЬ˿һ̣һţһ˵ûɶ¾ͲҪϵŻҲûʲôɹĵ£ذ׻·Ѹɶ 
ƶ֮ҵĸ˵Ļһˣȸжû˵ʲôǧﶼѸĸļƷһһó 
һһණĸϾͶֵ˵ôණɶѽûǮġ 
һִ¶óٿǮĸ˵ƽʱʲôͻɣԺˣٶһЩ 
һ̫ʡˣ˵Լ·ʲôҲȱڼҴţҲûʲôǮĵطǮûȥ 
һǮڿ˵ͷãҲûǲ٣ǰǿˣõġ 
˵ţְѸüСĶóСʱˡ 
һŴӿŴſڣ˵ʱ򣬶ԺҶڼ𣿡 
ôأеƶʵ 
һŰ׼Сְ꣬æ׵뷨һһ˵ˡ 
һĸ˵ȥԹȣһ¶ٿǮţǳȫˡ˱Ͳʲôˣȥϰһû͸ɢˡȥ껹мĶأҲúŪ˼һĶش˾ŰٽʳһĶҲǶٽﵽͷǱµӶ㡣꿪سɱǼĶҲջȥˡµˣţɾûǮˣֻԲˡ 
Ǻһ𣿡 
һĸ׽˵˭һѣɵԺȲ˭иСģԵ˼ˣǮҲû˵ֻҪкóԺúȾС 
һĸϰĻΪȻ˵㻹Ʋ˼ҡиĻ㿴˼ȴͷģҲź⣬֪ĻΪɲء 
ʱ֣һȥ˶Ժһſڣ˸ŴӾͿˡֵ֣ĶӣϱͶӭ˳ 
ּҵķǮʽģֶݡǴݣֵĶסţСݣһסšһȻֵ 
ֵĶӱһСö࣬һû뿪ϼǻֵĶӻǹƨأ֪ԼûʸһҳֵĶϱûһ棬衣Եغһ仰òˮͻصԼȥˡ 
ֱǸǳˣһμӹԺֺٵԺдŶϡͣԾ͸Ǹ顣 
һĺ¶ǣһͰ˵ˡ 
ԭΪһֻ㴮ŶôһϢֱϲüЦ˵ãá̶ָж˵һУءĩ˼Լظ壬ҲһԵ㡣 
У˵ôȥһУǼţһȥʱϵĻ𳵡ֻڻվתһҲûߡһζʮˣ׼ˡ 
һ˵վǰ½ģŲˣվǰһƽҲһ¥ˡ 
ˣ˵˵ȥһҪúõؿ 
һһûˣҲˡ룬Ͷ˵壬˵£ڻֻǸ뷨Ǳ߻Щ¶ûźأһȥץʱޡأʮȥһ˿޳ˣʹ£û޳أ͵ǵǼҴŶ·Ҹá 
һͦõһ£˵˰죬ԭû׼أеʧ 
һֵ˼Ͱο¹ⲻ󣬡Ҫôɣ⼸Ѽһ£ȥɡ 
һһ˵ţһֻֽ˸·ͼԱ³Ժͼһתũˣ󣬵ͷתزңָ⣬˵壬˵׼ɣ¸ڼЩϾŵȥеǶԼʮһ룬ʱҵվȥ㡣 
¾ô˵ˡ   
10   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һȵȡǮͨϺҵǸŮģϴμʱõд飬һֽǮһֽԿףǸСһˡ 
ԴˣǶʮǮͻ 
һΪֻҪûʹùĶͲռУûйķ޾ͲķһһĸоǮûȥʱǮԭûģȻ浽ˣֻǹҸܷʽѣֻҪǮûԶΪСǱʶǮʱԹ黹˼ҵģʱ֪Ӧù黹˭ڣǮѾȥһˣһЩǮռˡ˵ǶʮǮڴĵ·ĵһôڿʼǮҲĵ·ĵڶˡеԼеɼÿǰ߳һһݾ񸺵֪ףȴһǰߡԼˣ룬Щ̰ǲҲ̬ͬأ 
ʲôҲ붯ֻڳ濿ǽһּڳһСӼΪֵ֮ą̨̃Ϊˣһ뵽гȥľ 
¥£һͦãģ벽ȥý˻塣˵꣬ʼ½ټϾڣθǲãһ극ŲӸ¸µֱ»Ϸ˵¸µֻ졣һӿЦĬڶгеȤһͽסҪЦ 
һֻ뵽˲еĺôȴ˲бг鷳 
ûϼһҺ޵߹˿ȥʮ꣬ԲͷԲԵģñӣ½ƨĳһƲȨףųʱƨһһģƲҪҲ⡣ 
Һ 
һߵųӣһߴߺšÿβЩᣬ㿩һ̵žһڵϡģƣÿһڣкǿɤӣغȥҪܵذԼɤŶŵޣԱøԶߺȵͬʱֻ۾ض¥ϣϣĳܹ̽һԴף 
ֻ⣬ͲߺǷᳳűˡҲû뵽⣬Ҳ뵽ˣͲں·ֻԼƵġ 
һ߼ƵĶˣֹһ׾Ƶġ˸ɱҲﶪһֳװżͰΪ岻ǿ׳ԭߺǸҺĺڼȴʤһѡסֺý϶̣ͣ٣ĿһȻźǸơ֡ơֺĽؽϳͽĴָмǿɤŲߣԵúɣ΢΢ЩŽϣкǿĴ͸ҿϵغȥǸҺķǿ̵ɤС 
˻ûԶԶִõߺЩؽֽССߺ˷ڶһüһѽ 
ߵֱϣмƤЬģһſһһ߽Ǽ˾ˢһӰĿⶼͶЬϡǿרעͬһͷɣЬɣɣͬһͬһ 
龰һ룺Щûн˭Ь˭ԻȥģαطҪ˼أúܣ 
׼ᴩ·ʱô೵סȥ·һɣɹȥ֮󣬺һ˫ܵղ־ԶԶʻûȸأһװһغ̣ˡ־ǰ档־ǺεۣԺ̣Ƽһпյһҵļһ㳬˹ȥڡ־һۡҲ󳬹ȥһ̽ͷͼһ׵ʽеػζűӣͲᡰۡǽʱǰĳٺؼˣֻǰԶΧһȺˣײˡۡ͡Ҫȥʱֳһгڡۡļзȥˣšۡۡ˾ӳ̽ͷһ䡰ģѽгȴ⣬¶ʤ΢Ц 
һУһεҡҡͷѽȽĺģִĺԭʼģĺªģոµĺƾɵģĺģĺģĺͷǻģľƵĺͽģֵġֵġֵĺ͸ֵģָĳ߰ؽӵͬһ·ϣĿ첻Ĳ˺һȣһɲæңͣͣҲ˳ۣҳ˶ŭ˶ĵһйɫ¾ۡ־ǷһӰأ 
һϵĳˣ׼һյҪ𲽴ȥǡһ⳵ˢͣǰͣͬʱҲˣ˾λбŤӣַţһѽ 
һסȥ·ߵض˾µͣɶ˵ĳ𣿡˵ߴӳƨɺƹȥ 
˾ͣһءʼеǸ⣬˵Ѱ˼վǶȳأ̶Ҳˣ͵һسӣƢСȻһ̵ˡ 
һҲһ䣬˼Զˣ˭ȥתһ룬Ȿ˾ռߵ£Ҳϡ 
гڵˡ 
νгһͨͨĽֵѣһгӶûСֻҪһ߽һӾܸоĵȷȷһг 
ͷܶͣڵ·ԵֳϷľܵͨȸ豸гϹžӡӡ޳ݾȸֹߡЩûĿ۵Ĵ͹߱ݵǾһŵվڽֿڣһСľǰдšľ߹ᡱδסȵ̵̨ŸֱǩƷһ 
һһֿ߽ڣЩСľƵǾͺһӰΧסˡǰһӰǻҪԱĻôЩҪǾΧǻҪԱΧļߣеľǡеĻͲȿֺѯʣǡ߶Բɷöһ⡣ǣһȴûиܵǵҫҲʾҪǵĽȣΨһеֻǱΧľִٺͷꡣ 
ЩǸͲһĸоΣֻĵ⡪߽𣿡δ𣿡ˢ𣿡ȵȣȵȡ 
Ϊ˾ԼΧһͷǼڻƵ˵ľ 
仰Ȼ飬һЩ߽ˮůṤȷľǣֳʧϧνȸָݵı飬ͬʱӵһͳһָˢһɢȥֻصԭվŵĵطһ¾еı־ƣڴµϣ֡ 
ʣµļľǱеĻϣУΧøӽܡ˵ֻڳһСӼʱмû̫Сûɶ˼˾˳ˡʣ˵ʱ򣬾һּۻۣһѡеˡĴңһȡ죬Գһ࣬˵̫ˣϲϣٸӵ¡ 
ʱһҲùһʼռһ׼Ͷеǣ㲻Ըɣб˸ɣǵҪǡ 
ľһһ̬ǿӲҲٲ롣ܲԸҡҡͷֵͷǽˡ 
ȥǸСʱһµʱЩ鷳£;ߣٲˡ 
һϣľгں档ڴһ֮һ˻ᱻ˦¡æͷʱˣ׷˵ʵ߹һԽظں粽롣 
һ΢ۣղһ·龰һĻĻظǰĸп룺Ķֵúܣ˵Ӱɣ渴ӵúܣĶǣթôĽƻ뼿˵򵥰ɣַǳؼ򵥣ֻһǮʹĻѡЩƤЬģΪһСһ˫۾޳ܣûƤûؿధ˼ңؽʲôأǸ˾ЩΧ£ĹǣЩνҵǣǹͬصǸԼֵǷˣֻҪԼǮСǸҺģǸ׾Ƶģʶô¡ûнĹǵĹңǵᣬʲôʱأԳŹǾأ뵽ЩνġС㡱ڽǮǰʲôģѽ˸ѽ׵ȥˡ뵽Щ̾һ 
תһ룬־Щпԭġǹ˿ô࣬޵ƸԽԽؼ˵Ļֲ̫Զûʲô͵ˣҪͽ࣬͵áʳءж 
йϰգýǣԵ࣬ΪǿþˡȱṫƽʶӲʹƽڹƽỷ¸õ뷢չ 
ţһȻˡ룺ǡ߳࣬īߺڡԼȺһ칫ҴþˣʲôѽѽѽһĻöˣ֪УԼⷽ˼ҲԼɲð   
11   
ǡ     
ʮһ 
죬Լһ³㶫۾е㲻ˣȥһҵ·ϲͣǣϲõеѽ˴԰ੲݵضһ˵ԭôأ¥ô࣬ôߣϹˡ 
һЦЦ˵ôܸأʡᣬǼ˿ڵĴУֻмʮ˿ڣйģԶˣ涼Ტ۵ġʲôʱȥĹ 
ʮǰǼȥҴŶ·Ƕġ 
ɶʱȥ׼˵ϱˡ 
ҳôûȥءЩź˵ 
Ǵȷһ˵⼸طչöܿ죬رǳò仯˵ġһһһ 
һͷһߵֱߵһˮԣֺȻͣסˣ˵ҪһҵĺԵĶ 
һʲô򣬼ʲôУʲôȱ˵ǺӶϳˣҲСˡ 
һңּݵ̵ǴĵذשܸɾģҲԲλ࣬е㲻Ҿٲ֪˽ҪЬϰߣеֵģĶôСֻ΢һ£ûһЬأ;ֱ߽ 
մЬӲڸղɾĵذשϣ»һȴû˵ʲôֻһ΢΢üһûôһ˫Ьָǰ˵壬ﴩС 
ǣֻЬʱһ֪ԼַһдȵĳѾζ翴ǴЬӲڵذש˺Щ 
Ϊ嵭Ѿζһó̵壬֧̰ɡ 
Ҳ̣ûһ˵ţһ¶ó˳ĺ̸񮡣 
һѾζֻ˸ζζ͸ˡ»ͲѶ㵽ȥˡһ˵˾䡰еȡȴˡ 
سԹһ˵壬խͣϾͺͺһϼһޣͼأϷǶסҲУǶҲд 
һ뵽ֵĳѾӺ͸ζһָϽǶеӣǼҵĶҲǲʵ硣 
һֻּ֪һ̨14ĺڰ׵ӻǷڶġũźŲãͼӰӰ´µġҲǿýζСƷطϷһĽĿǰٿᡣǸǵɣֶֶĽĿ 
ʹûеӵջҲԸϷǶȥסġڱ˼סǲģûǳﻹеġһ˵дʵ磬͸ֵõǶȥˡ 
һһױִϡ˽һ˾ֱȥ 
˷꣬һתһȦ 
ԼסƽһɸɾģȻǳ⣬ͷƺá 
ߵǸ廭ǰʱ͵һ£ǵһοĻ񣬸еִ̼źһڳ˼ϸơ 
СӼһе϶ٻеζҲⲻ˵֮䣬һˮҶ豭ϲ衣Ȳ裬ϼǶ͵ϰߡţֵôˮأָӲĶǫ̂ٺ֮һˡ 
˰һֺ˵ƣ⹤ееۡһıչã컹ûôڣϾ˯ֻЪϢһϣһ¾˯ˡ 
Ժ˯ţȻһѡ֮Уе˵˵ܶ࣬ܽҵĴһǵҵԺӺܳģϵûôнĸоҲûôˣô೵ôµġе㲻֪ںδˡۣ֮ԭԼһķ 
˯һ뾢ȥˡ򿪵ƣһǽϵĹӲߵࡣ򿪵ӻһߺȲ裬һ߿ŵӡ29ĴʵҵСڰ׵ӳˣƵҲ࣬񫡣ǣſţȻˣ۱ǽϵǸ廭סˡ 
һܴıڻϵŮ˺һСǻϵҲãҲգôȫ¶Ů˵壬ֻǵһο 
ȢŵģһŮ˼ʮꡣһ˿ʱǸʲôûʲôӡŽʱũ˻֪Ϊ»֮ҹģָ϶䣬Ͳһ˿ҵ˵һׯںȲʲôҲ֪ʲôͣѹûЩҲûǸ£ûǷԣֻǺＱŵıһһε飬ֱ۵ýƣŵһߺ˯ȥ񼢶Ѿõҵ˳ԵĶԵƤҪƵʱǲ̿ġԵĶԲĻǱģڶͷϣûôע⡣ȵ˺ӣСһӺü˯һ̴ϣģ£òںڰ͵͵ؽУûϸŹŵˡ 
ֱǰ꣬Ƕɼˣ˶ݵķӣŲһ˵ĵ䡣µǷˣѾˣֵáֵĻ˵ظӣظǰ껹ûˣ˸ؿշظҲûüˡ 
ڣǰȻôһŮ⵹ʵۡΪһڳû˼࿴ںˣֻһˣؿˡ 
ŮȻͱȽˡֲ֪ʶֻûϵŮ̫ÿˡôÿݲֻǵ˵˹õ׻ʲôӶҶüӺۣӣСһ㡱ñĶϣͦǡģΨ⡰ӣСһ㡱е׶Ů˵͹Сˣӣȴöࡣ룬ӣôСǷ˹ˡ֮ܶΪϵŮ˵ٺòˡСֱϸԽм䴽ΧԽԽԲ´Ȼ£һ𣬴ԲΡ 
ֲ֪ʲôԸУһΣһֳ嶯ǸзӦ 
¿ֵߴԲļһǰ鷿ôķʴôͦΣɫͷֻȻƶ㡣£ϸγɼ仯ߡɫԵôۡϸ塣 
ָеźǣеŮ˰ĴŸϥŵأǡð뿴ǸطˡǡβͻˡǶôÿβۣôĴôԲôĹġȻ뵽ǴӺ桭ֲ֪αλѧϵʣֻ֪ǿԴӺġôôԲôģǴӺ桭 
ôһ󣬸ͬܣĶееĳֶڼۣ𣬾ɽ緢ǰҽһþûָоˣϲָоҪָоϱãȷûܿˣͰǸѾȺĶ¶ŪŪȥɽ緢ˡ 
ʱ־;ȶӷƣߡĿˣʲôҲˣֻǿҶѵϵĻɾƻֳ֤һʰɾˣŷĵع˵ƣص£һ̤̤ʵʵ˯ˡ   
ʮ 
ԭ̫¾ˣһһ£Ҳһеµһڰ칫˵뷨ҵʲôΪá 
Ϻȷԣ˵˵ѽǻȺ˼ѧġ 
٩ҲЦظ͵ǣСû׼ܸһĴ𰸡һϽϸڶ˰ûʾĳɣҲһ֧ 
һ˵ţһͳһ֡ 
һһ̣һЦʲôܵġ 
˵Ⱥ̣һڣ³һĸоʲô˺ܾãһйĻᡣ˵ֻǲϳ㿴ֵƣжٲǼٴյģһŤŤƷֱŵŮˣĨˮͰĻϾԻġӲʤö١ 
ǵճУкö˾ռߵĶҲ޲мٴյĺۼԺԺȴԻԺԺòζö֮ؽҸԺȻԺǺеģһ֪Ƿ˵ĵطԺЩ˷ѽ⡣·ø㲻㾴ϣã㲻㾴ϣӦɣָܵԣ̶ȵһ־ǵһ֣ķΧܹ㣬ľΪܶܶࡣһԺְЩģ塣ʵϣֻҪְϺΪṩϺͰΪʲôʵǣҪǶǣʵĶأҸԺ͸ˡҸԭǳһָоôҸԺҸеǼеĵط˵ǾͻҸĸоأκ˶ҸĸоôҸԺǾͲӦֻˡ 
Ⱥһ˵ǣϺͰ٩ϡͿֱüͷС΢΢Ʋ죻ֻһ΢΢صͷ룺ССҧĽֻӣֻϧ˼һУǵʦ׼ͦɫġ 
ȺֽŽ 
ٱ磬޶˻ưˡ۵飬Ҳ⣬޹ֺ˳йνˡϵˡ﷨ϽǱʾļﶯʣڼ֮󹹳ɶ飬簮ɽˮͶȡȴӲԵذڳν棬ǻЦ 
˵αʱڣձɽĸģѾܴˣǼȲиҲи˾赭дؽƸ˵ĸоƺǸܲ۶Сط˵ڹĺö֪ȺܸߵĴ˾ҲǼ򵥵ؽĳĳ˾ڵҵֻҪһģģҪڹ˾ǰϡš֣ƺ־ͲʾҵĹģʵͲǡ 
֮ܶϲֹûʣǶǣʵһףǺôϲ⣬ʵЧ˵ףһĻ뾫ĸα 
˵ˣ٩廰˭˵ϲģҲϲСģʱ²о˳𣬽ССۣСƣС 
ûȰ٩˵ǸϺѧϽӣһͣơͣͣţɤŶͦģʲô˵֪ŮҪעӰ졣 
٩һƲ̽ͷСΪǲֻ𣿡 
٩Ҫ˵ʲôϺæֹҪҲԣСԵģ˼һûء 
Ⱥɤӣ˵ĸ￪ҵΧԽԽŨϵҲԽԽ࣬Ϸ£ۻҡЩڼٴյĻֳֳµص㣺һǸţǳʹ󡭡 
Ⱥ˵𾢶٩üͷ˵СԣҲܲ㣬һķģʱ۵ġ 
٩Ļ˵ȻЩ̴̶˵ҲеȺȻЩʹ죬ȴҲֲ˼ҡ΢Ĭһžһ׼ʲôεģ˵ʲôص㣿 
⣬һ뷨Ȼ׼СӵģҲϣͨǮͬʱҲʾһԼľӪ˵ʲôҲףŪûϵġôҲԼϡΪˣԴһ˼ǣһһȽϳεľӪԡԵȺʵʱг˵ 
С̸ʲôΣԺȵûǹϵҲ 
Ϻ廰˵ڿҪǮһҪɫ񣬶ҪйϵҪȨɽ㿴ĸǰˮ𣬲ʣ׼ʲôȨĻ󣬲Ȼô࣬ΪʲôǶȥأúòãͷеݣеλˣ˭·껹ںԺȣҪͼֶûƯġС㡯ţֶǣСС㡯ţֲӦûСС㡯в˿͡ͿûпɽˡпɽС㡯˯û£ûпɽеɾͲ㡣˵˰գпɽһ仰⣻ûɽ˰Ƿѣͽɣ͵˰©˰мǮģ˵ŴǮģм͵˰©˰ġ 
һϺ˵ʲôֽŷŵĻ˵ҵĴڼڹнײ㣬ԼԷ¡ص˵ĵεһ㣬ʵݣеũζ㿴ǳкöũˣⲿ˶ũ£һһĸ顣ձˣ⣬ɽ亣ζ˵ˣʳôˣ嵭ӵũ巹˵е㻳ˡũҳˣʲôζɰײպ⳴޷ɶ⽷ȣըΣʲôģȾʵݣּΪûʲô̫ҪյĲˣʦˮƽУóʦʡǮ˿͡ˣһٷиٶʮҲˡȾʵݣܳԳһȤһˣһؿ;Ͳʲô̫ѵˡ 
ϺԵ˵ڱϺƵ֪෹꣬л𿻣ǽűֽͺ͵һ 
һ˵Ҳù׷⾳϶ôһ˼ˡ 
Ⱥ΢ۣüͷ˼״ۣ꣬˵ҿͽС˹ݡɣ顯ǵ˼֮飬ˡǲȵص㡣ϿʵС 
һ룬ɼݣиԣνΪš٩Ҳ˵˵СУȻ   
13   
ǡ     
ʮ 
꿪ŵѡʮգȡҪ֮⡣ʱҲнԭ붨ڰ˵ʮ˷֣ŵʮ˷֣ȡ֮⡣ʱ̫磬ʱ쵼ָܵʮʮ˷֣ʮһʮ˷֣Ҫ°ʱ䡣ЩϺͰ٩Ųıġ 
ΪСطխݲ¸ˣһֻڱλýڱλϵ顣ǰΪޣһ͵ʱ˺͵λ쵼ͬµĹϵԵõЩͷԣЩˣҲҪֲֲⷽ 
ʮһӸչһµϡһʨڷǰͣˡ 
һһ˵ˣ͸Ͻӭӳ 
ߵʱеվǰͷԣ극ңеĶͣеı̸߽źС鲽Ȼߣȴжͺϵԭ̤߲ࡣһ仰ǽŸԵʣԼĲĿǰ쵼ǰ档 
һãһǫõáΪǫƽȵ֮һڣڲƽȵֻ֮öûǫáೡϣŵȺһ𱰳׵Ŷӹ̡УܱȽǡҵԼλ 
ǰһλʮ⣬΢֣޽Щİ׷ׯأһͲһ͵ˣȻҲʱعЩЦݣЦ˸оܲι̣ƺʱʧĿܣɵżСġ˾һλġһ֡˾ֳڹ˾ֳǸϸ߸ǰ۾ʾǻ͵ǡ֡͸ֳٺλһλǱһС긾Ůսǰ칫ΣһλСĵس۾Ƭ۾ȻС˵㣬ȴʱŻĹâſǫһαس곤꣬ҽھԵãŸߣŲܲмأѽǰ档ʣµ˾ͺˣ㵽׵ĳ̶ȡ 
˶ݡ 
һλֳĺ棬ȴ֪쵼һá 
˾ֳһȻλˡߺãܰﾡ۵ס쵼ˣȫ濴ϰߣλҲҪѡܹȫֵĵط 
ź̲衢ӡˮȡһλ쵼źˣȥкˡҶ㣬ģڱ˿СֵģǰڷűȥˣеתһȦƣǿǶһݹġ 
꣬һֱ˵ʱ䵽ˣλֳЦѡʱ䣬ͼոְɡ 
˵žͺͼ˵棬ѰڵϵұڵˡžžһƬ̼ǰһ̣һֽм˺̺Ƶġ 
ﴫǵĳŲȵһкϯҲ˭һһţֳǶܱȽǡҵԼλá 
Ϊ˾ֳ˿ϴµһȻҲͳ͸ֳڹ˾ֳˡ칫ҸݮһƵƮͼ͸ֳһλõλϡ˵ҲӰһԵôӯƮݣͬ΢紵µһ㡣վݵصеĽָָ֣͸ֳߵĿλЦ˵㣬š 
ݮ֪κͼ͸ֳϵУôֺýΣֺü͸ֳ 
ݮĻ͸ֳ΢΢üױ˲ķӦδӹڹ˾ֳһس۾Ȼ͸ֳݮֺ÷ǵ飬෴мַС 
Ҳݮе¡ڱĳϣôضûɶϵй˾ֳڳܲ˼ɡָָߵһӣеطҾˡ 
˾ֳС˾СǸͷԵļһݮпλͺƵĴƤЦ˵洮£¡ 
һϣϱϣӹ˾ֳ˳Ǽ͸ֳݮ㡢С˾Сׯ˾Сκκس˸ˡǱϣϺ٩С̺ȺбĿˣˡ 
ҶˣֻһվݵصСֿ٣׼ȥ 
͸ֳЦ㻹ɣͣ˾ֳ㻹ϱȥѽ 
һҲֻ֪ǰƽʱŲ;ֳһϵģ䶡Ҫһе㲻ϰߣǡñ٣еԥأ͸ֳôһ˵Ҳֳֻȥˡ 
һֳϵ˾͸ˡ龰ϵ˾ݮ㡢ׯҪȥ˾Сκȹȥˡ 
ϵòˣ˭Ҳûӡ˾ֳһ˵СǴҶģˣ˵ѽ 
һƱֿ˵ݿС꿪ŵӣ˾ֳ;ֳλڰæܹ֮͹⵽ҷǳлҰ׾ƺһڣλ⣬ơƸȥ¡ 
ȵе㲻ͷˣһ˵⼸仰˵ðɣȰɡžһؾٱ 
ơƺȵڶʱ˾СıûȾݮۼ͸ҷˡ 
СŤͷݮһۣ˵㲻Ҫҧòá 
ݮͽ˵ҧ㲻ҧһë𣿡 
ݮԭոСǹСҲ֪⣬ȴضׯ˵ҧʲôطҧһëأ 
˵꣬ؼۣ 
СЦеˡС˵ģͬļҲˡΪй˾ֳڳݡͱֵĹϵСЦôеΡһʱ֪˵ʲôãݮͷе㷺졣 
龰ׯһ˵ҧһë𣿡 
ˣһЦγ͹ȥˡ 
˶ˣһֽҽ˵ҵֶ壬ĳʦҲϰ塣 
һ˵ϰ壬е㲻Ȼ֪˵ʲôãһͰĸλ˽ܡ 
˾ֳһֳҪ֣ǳжҪӭȥԲλ࣬Լ࣬Ͻϲ˲ȥա 
ʲôݣμҪ֣ǵ쵼ر˾ֳԴһ쵼ɲ빤ũȺڴһƬ硣 
˾ֳͷ֣ҲܲաݮǶֿǽƯС֣ôҲȥˡ 
һ˿֣˵壬췹꿪ţλñʾʾúһѽ 
ֶƱ˵Ƕһ쵼ѣ췹꿪ţǰףأǷǳлΪʾ⣬Ϊ 
˵ţͰѲơƱӵİ׾һˡ 
ԭһóԺúȲ֪ɣĳң͸ϲãǰһѬ͹طͷҲ룬мϸɲģҲһġ 
˾ֳǾƺȵˬ죬һʱˣͶžƱվ 
˾ֳһվҲˢˢظվˡ 
˾ֳҪٱʱݮ˸ղŵΣݺȰ˾ֳѪ֬ߣҪٺѽ 
ݮôһ˵˭ҲԸԳ쵼Įĵӣͷ׷׵Ȱѽ˾ֳٺȵɡ 
ũȾƵĳҲöˣȰ˶ȵģһͬȰһٺȵͷһϣɼ¾ǲһ龰ֺԼʲôƵģϻ̳Ͽֵ˵˾ֳңϴ֣׳ȵٺȵ㶼ûɶвٺȵɣⲻʲôöȶ˻ġ 
ʵ˾ֳѪֻ֬Եظ˵㣬޴󰭵ģСëҲУҲСЩϣЩʱڲԸȾƵ£ڣٺȻ߸ɴͲȣȵʱأһҲȱٺȡ 
쵼ģ쵼Ǳģ˺õġ֡һƣѪȰƷʽֻڵλƽȵĸ֮䡣ϣ״Ƿѵ쵼˵ȣ˭ҲȰ˭ҲʡǺأǻøм˵ӡǣ˼쵼ôľƣ湻˼ӡ 
쵼ǶôеİԶ쵼硰Ѫѹеߡ಻áֿŵëΪϵĵƣԱԹ˿أԶȨ 
죬˾ֳһضȰٺȣָˣֲˡ˵ǴҶܹҲãٵҲգĿֻһҶֺʹе쵼Խ֮˵ǣǷϾ˿ˡ˵ǶΪˣˣƫҪǿ 
һԽȰԽǲЦ˵ôʢ飬۲а 
˵ţһﲱһھͺٰ뱭׾ơ 
һС˵ããлл˾ֳ 
˾ֳȵôʹ죬ĸҵһ㶼Ŭ 
ָһһһأֺһϺһأͻسȥˡ 
һߣϵϺ˵ʦе 
٩˵ղҿûٺȡ 
Ⱥӹ˵ھϣ˵ĹϵƽʱԵøƽһЩǢһЩֻǱǡǡӳһ塢һĻαԡ 
˵˵ţˡɴѿӷ¡ֻ㷢пΧĻˡ˵ǵ쵼ϲһƽ׽˵̬أٵĺǴһƬʲôӣˣ͸жˡжĳ̶λȣԽǴ٣ԽûӣԽǸжж㡣ڵǾ;ܹЩûʲôϰգһٵ߽ǣͻ˵֪ô˵ˣһǵ֣Ǿͻж桭𽵹磬ǵȴһ¡ǶĻ졣 
ЩеƲ죬еҡͷĹ˾ֳ˾СԴؿб۾߿͸ֳ΢ЦţԳ˼״ȺЩӦȴûע⵽Ȼੲݵ㷢ĸп 
ڹ⣬ǶܱȽϿ͹۵֮ݵλϵĲ𣬲γĳֹء磬˾ͲܺϰһϳԷǵᣬ˾쵼һԷǳе¡ǰһʡóŹͬѧ˵һΣʡóŽӴ̡һԷʱ쵼ͬͲ͵Աһһܣܵǵ˾ĳĳʱԳ˼̬ǿͿ˾һԷǵݵλ 
˵ͬһԷ˾Сκˣѿصһģ߷ߵ˵ˣߣΪ˱˵ݡ 
˵ţҪߡ 
һⳡ棬Ϊһ˼ˡϽ˵˵Сκˡº«ư߸հϱϵСվҲҪߡһָϽȥСɰһæˡ 
أе²ؼؿЦеҲȰز˾ߡ 
˾ֳʼû֨͸ֳɵЦˡЦЦ˵ĻҪ˵ģΪй˾ֳڳһͣķ潲ҲܰѳŪ̫ѿʱǸ˵Բʱ뵽⣬ЦŶ˾˵ʲôߣûһż𣿡˼˼ҵɣǵĳԷȨ 
ʱȺҲʵ˻Լһ˲˵Ҳɨ˴ҵˣһҡԽԽúڣ޲ôԼֲ͡Ѿڳˣٳϼӳһ֮־ҲףԼһ뿪˲֪أԸ䳰ȷҲԸ˴ǡ 
СκһżӣһЦˣ˵ʵ㲻ңҸûߡôóԺúȲܣĶۣ˭ǲԸһԷԼߺ 
ȺӲͷƤƿԡ 
ڳ˶ΪȺԴʵ⣬˵̫ϣ˼һͨȺ˵鱾ȴǱȽ⣬ͬġȷЩ쵼˾رǸҪ쵼С˾ź쵼ϵţúܣֱͲ֪ԼǸʲôԵġǳ쵼С棬˭˳۾һЩ쵼ȴС˿ԼţӶ裬ʹ˸֪ߵغ񡣽ȺһϯҲǸþӣǿԼǸʲôԣǵﻹЩʹĸо 
ԭڳĳȺڣ˾е㲻֮⣬ûӰ˵¡ׯȣֱȵһͷϱǽ壬ǡ   
14   
ǡ     
ʮ 
ѽⲻԵ𣿡 
磬һڵλſڿίУԵԶشк 
ǵϵǸָģ˳˵ģ¹ģǹģͬģι潵ġһԵĹϵͨҵĺӽġ 
ҵĺСѧʱһϡȥӢѧӢΪ·ԶڣʱǰְȥӺӡѧϰ¥µȺӵʱһԵһû¾ྶĥʱ䣬һ뻥ʶˡΪ棬ʱһþˡϳеʱַһ࣬ҳʱһԵҲʱ档Сѧͬ࣬ϵȻͱȱͬѧЩ֮ϵãҳ֮ȻҲ͸׽Щ 
һλţƽʱȡ˴չ֮һʵæɶأ 
ԵҸ¼ŵĵ˵λҪסլ¥ⲻǵλҲһءͷһΰ£䶡еͷء 
һеʵ𣿡 
Եͷ¥һ£˵ⲻǵλ˵Ǿֳˣõо֮ܶ˵ȥϷˣһڲܻء 
һһҪסլ¥һ 
׼Ķģ 
ڵУԺڡѧԱ¥ı治пյ𣬾׼ǶͿǿطܰ¥ 
һһڵУԺڣ͸ӶˡʵҲְ£ 
ȫʡڲȥֲǮͷַĺǲˡ 
ʲô׼ѽ 
һƽ壬һ㣬ٲ¡ڵطûǮȻۿ϶²ġ 
ʣһеʵ 
ʣ 
һǰһ£ѹ˵סʮƽ׵ķӣС˵λûáкʵģҲһףʵĵȻáǵλҲû޼¥£ֳˣԸǷˡ⼸껻ӵģԼ޵ġԼԼԲɣ£ͰæܲǶһ 
ԵһԳеΪѵӣһһߵһԣƣ˵ѣһѧСԱʲôȨ֪ǵλġһ֡ϵ룬ֻҪϳΪ˵ϣ˵˵ٴ԰ǻǵλ쵼ܸӵġǵλ쵼˵˻ǵλ쵼ԱλְҲýǹϵλҪչһġŪˣʼ۲˵Ū¥أ㿴ǲô£ 
һһԵ˵еͷ˵ããҾȺǵλ쵼˵˵ܲܰæ 
ţһԵѧϰô޷һѡ 
˸֮ίУԺͿʼһǰվǰ·ĵԺϣλĵشߴ¥ŷԵׯɡԴһֱİ·ֱԺ·ҡҷĴ·һߴĽѧ¥ѧ¥ѧԱᡣڽѧ¥мһܴĻ԰ͤɽľͨģڶСҺʢʱ򣬰ƣϼʤաѧԱᱱԵ˵ǿյˡС·Ķ棬ͣá򳡡򳡱ǰ꽨סլ¥סĶǵУְĴǽ涼סլǽһ̻׼һ״԰ 
Ժľַհȫľסأ˵Ҳһġһһε֮󣬾ͶԾססĽˡʱ룬ԼҲסǸжðû뵽ԼҲпܳΪľˡĻǽǶô˸˵ѽ뵽Щϲɵ¶Цݡ 
ᵽӣһĵһ顣 
뵱ôǸ˸ַһ೵һЧ治ôĿ˾ġΪǵλ뿪˾йϵĹϵλŻݼ˼׷ְָһеһһʮƽ׵ı׼ÿײŻǮǱûû¥ˣס˶ס˶ˣ¥ǰĵ滹ûװĵ·Ҳ·һһࡣͲֻ̣ҪԼɾУǴҵģ˭أߣЩ˼ҾȻ˳ 
һ¸һµӡرһ糿һһ¥ݿڣҪһ˵ֻžһиʲô¥ϵ˵ԣһʹʱһļкۺֽڵˮɱĵϣůէһֽһôֲ֪߳ܵǣ׼ǸոûأȼһѽͳӵȥļԸߣ˳ȥˡ㱻еˣһùꨣֶֻ¥Ͽʱҵķ細ţҲ˵׼ļҸɵġ֮£ֻó¥Ϸ䣬Ľеŭ 
ԽԽ̣Խ̣ԽγɶѭɶѣӬ˵صҷɡС⣬󻷾ҲáһˮһѬˣŰ 
հʱһûԣô¥Ǽȥ֮¥ԽԽ࣬ԽԽáһĵλͬȺԼ¥û˭סʮƽ׵ķˡֻһҪǮûǮҪûʮƽ׵ķӲ֪Ҫסأ 
Թλ쵼Ϊʲôޣλʽסլ¥ǵλ޼ʽ¥̫ѵġʽ¥ְ¥Ҫ˵öࡣĻժ㣬ǿҪȫгȥ붼ġֵλ쵼ԼԼԼ˺÷ӾͲܱˡתһ룬Թλ쵼ʲôأҪ־ֻܹԼ˭Լûأû;ͻ 
Ϲȥ֮⣬һĶǣĸĸʮˣ˽ӵ֮Ҳ㸣ۣ 
ؼǵãһأĸϼҵĿͷϣһ´ǰһ۰׷Ϊݶ촽⶯£˵ 
Դõ㶼ûϵŲ¶ž£ˣû⣬ͺһ䣬ֽžûûŵġϷĴ©磬յٶҲãնӵûţ滹ġס¥ůůģѶУǶۣѽ 
ѽԸӶģһ뵽Щ;ñһرǵ˶죬ʱĸ˵ǷΪ˲֪˶ᡣ 
ҲҪôѸĸˣһ˼¡ʵ̫ˡ˵˼˾Ͱٰʮƽ׵סţԼʮƽȴˣҲԵ̫ˣ˼Ц̾˿ֻ֮죬ϣүĸĸܶ꣬Ǯˣ˴ˣ̰ѶϽȴһԸҪź 
л죬һڵˣһǮ 
£֮Ҫȡõ˾ֳİôܵõİأһﻭһʺš   
15   
ǡ     
ʮ 
ʮһӵʱׯƿһţһһ⣬ļһڣ˵߰ȥѽ 
˵⻰ʱصվׯ΢Цźļ˵ͷʾ⡣ 
ʱ䣬ڳҾףҪȥԷģдġ 
һΣĵϺͰ٩֪ȤҪ߿ׯԷ˲࣬һﶼͦܳģڳջԾһЩҲţǾЦ£ҲŻһȥɡ 
٩ϺĹǾڵģⵥλϵĽӴ٣Թ͵ĻȻҲˡʱͲøһȥһأǰ٩һϷ꣬׶֡ׯе㲻ɻߡ 
Ϻһ߸ߣһ˵˵ǵ£˵Żһأ 
ׯһҲЦˣ˵ǽΣģǻһզģҲҲǸŻ𣿡 
٩̼޸˭оƺȾ¡ 
˽ϣׯʰ٩Ķȥѽ 
٩룬ⲻĶԷ˵ô£ȴô˵ֲʲô˵˭ԼأԵ˼̣˼Ȼ˼ҵľ͵ӭ˼ңǾЦ˵Ǹ쵼ߵģ쵼˵Ķ۾͸Ķ¡ 
٩һ쵼һ쵼˵ׯȺȴЦ룬Ϊһٷ˹ά˼ң 
ׯ갬٩ת壬˵ϡɾӡɣˣҸе㵵εĵط 
˵ţһ˾ͱɾӡȥ 
ɾӡǱȽϸߵĵطϴԢ֡סһ¥һɼϰʵͬһ㡣 
ǰһδɾӡֻڽ·ʱƳۡſŴ̺ش渻ûʣſһվһ´ñˣװӰ￴Ƶſڵһ⻹дƷıԱѲӡɼ˴ȷǵ֮ءʱһ룬ʲôʱԼҲܵ濴Ǹжð浽ôߵҲ۽硣ԽһһԸԳС 
Ŵ̺棬ǰһһƽ׵Ŀɽءľ£мһʽ¥ݰεض¥ԵӭС㣬ӡʽװһ㡣 
ϵ¥һȣһˣԣְðֱţԵġȵȡÿװη뷿йءİǽϾǴĺ⣬ǽķ糵ͣ˵ȵȡ 
ƲˡׯƱ˵Կڵλġһ֡ӦǾֳһдġ˾ֳˣ;ֳ￪ȥˣľֳйѲ;ֳдΡǼͣζɡ 
˵аׯƳҲѧᳶǲǣʵѽǸһ𣬱Ⱥʹ쵼һ㣬ͦá 
ظ͵ѽһ䶼࣬㣬ܾȺʹ쵼һá 
һǰˣҲǰھ¶ǣиж˵ԱͲʱţ治ӦͲ 
һôһ˵٩ҵˡ˵֪ôСС㡯ģʲôر񣬲žͽȥ˼ҵĺ£´βˣӰԺ𣿡 
ׯЦϰɶ֪һѽ 
٩˵û׼䣬û¶ѽ 
ׯ˵Ҫ׼ɶɴϸǴֳݵˣȿʲôƵá 
һЦ 
ҲǸ˵ЦˣڳļλֶͦģҲʼįֵ˵˵ֳݣһ濴һءǰ֯ŵͷͷһһ˹Ի죬ʵʾΡ˵죬ûˡҲȥˡ̩ǿˣǿֳġ 
Ϻʵզݵѽ 
ĿܣĿһ·ĴС˵ݼأͨӰԺһɣôһΧȫǴбµĿ̨мһյأеڵ￴Ӣݽ 
彲Ͳ½ˡ 
٩½զѽ 
Цɶѽô£̨˹ڣݵľмĿյϱ¡ûƵ𣿾һ£ʱ䳤Сʱ 
ׯԵ˵µеĶأ˶ 
Ϻֳ˼״һɻʵѽЩھڸǰôؿţܵܲ˿զأ 
һЦϺϹ 
٩һϺܲզ죿͵ؽ£ôѰ˼ɣֵطֻ벻ģûġ 
٩գգ۾һ⣺һȥûŮģ 
ۣкüء 
Ҳһ𿴱ˣ 
ˡ𣿡 
ɲá밡ŮһôʱôؼҲԼɷⲻӰͥŪãں棬ȥұʲôˣǲɼͥ𣿡 
һЦ 
ΨȺһ࣬üôأ̫ˣѹǶôԳ죬Ը⵽̩ȥأԭôһѽһЩ쵼ɲͳ죬ϰյǮͿЩѽ 
ȺĻеɨˣһʱû˵ˡ 
һׯֿʼ׽Ū٩ˡ˵Ҳûֳ̩ۿţϰҲаС㡯Ǯҳˡ 
СáһʱϵֻԾˡ 
٩ЦûǮһ᲻óأǵ㶫أǺȾưɣҳ⣬Ϊ˻Ծգһ˽һЦһǻģڶʹ˷Ц˭ǶЦˣͷһơ 
Ϻ˵ģʹ㿪ʼɡ 
٩Ҳ˵ҿʼʹҿʼҾͽһɯʿǵĹ¡˵ôһˣһֲʶһûȢţҲûκŮˣһ˹¹µعһӡʱߵ㻹ʲôҪԴ˵𣿡˾ͳ̾һ˵һʲôڳ˭Ҳû̫壬Ϊ˵ǡɯʿǡҾƣһֲʶôͻȻɯʿˣΪŪ嵽ô£˸˵һһֵ˵˾Ͱѷ˵Ǿ仰ظһ飬ףԭ˵ǡɶǡѽ 
˺ôЦ 
٩ҿ˵ҽˣ½ı 
һ٩壬ұϺ˵ұ 
ϺžˣҲɶɶֻɤӵ˵ôһңӿꡣС겻ķӣ꣬סˡȴ˵Ů˺ھӼҵ˹ˡһϣӶ˯ˡھҪ档Ů֪ô£Ͷɷ˵Űɣҳȥ֧Ӧš˵ţ·͵ݡھһŮ˵ƨɣ˵һ䡮ѽŮ˵ɷˣΪ˵۰أݽӻܽа𣿡˵֮䣬˾͵һˡھŮ˵ƨɰߵߵŮ˵ɷˣΪ˵ͷϸߵأݽӻߵ͸ߵ㣬¶ѽ 
һЦ 
ֵС̵ʱׯ˵˼һͯأأɶ 
٩һ첱ӣ˼˵Ǵ£ɣŮˣʲôأͷСѧ֪󣬴һľ͸˵ˡҪҴдŮ׶԰ȥҰɡ 
ԣȺָп˵й˾öѧѧҲҪѧÿɿˣһƵġĸ￪ѧģԽš 
˵Ȼ뵽˱ʲô·ҪеĲһһؿгƵġɡˡҾͿɡʲôáֶ·һҹ֮䣬ͱ鲼˴СǺʱֵ£ܴСִ˲ƣϵر涼ûŮ֪ȴһİ죬ģϵɫ顢ɱݻᶾСӵ飬շ˵ǡ 
ȺһԣϾûЦˡе΢΢üеĻཻɫЩȴӶȻੲݵ˵й˵Ĵ̫ǿһȺͷӬƵģǿʤ٣ӡ˵ֻɣеݵλģģģôһôһ¡еά֣ӣҲŪôһ䣬ȴιϣǷͣҹ绰ػегҡҡλεģȴһһߡشֻë¿ñӷǳЦҲ֪ôҪ飬ҪһһߴǸƵ绰ǻ˵ֶֻйŷ㣬ʲôϣжˣ˼ɵشؽԼ顣˵Ĵηûеġʱȣʱ֣ǰѡ⼸꣬ڵѶ棬й˶ǮȴմմϲԳйгǱ޴Դ˼ҵͶʡ 
٩ͳֻһŪһ˵ѽǷѺü 
ϺӲιϣװʲôء 
ׯƱʲôģȾơ 
Ҫձʱׯ˵극ϴϴ裬ĦĦҪҡС㡯㣬ȫ 
һҡС㡱Ϻ˻ˡ룬պҸС㡱̫ˡתһ룬ׯҲ˵˵ѣüһһöǮģʹҵĻҲзݶϻǸ͵ָߵεĵطϰ嶼йϵеʲôͨ籨ˣȫûġ 
٩һҡС㡱üɫ˵ϴԡֵطҡС㡯ôһǷ㣬·Ǹɾ¾ϴٵò 
һû˵ʲôǸоϾײ´½룺ԭϴԡĵطСС㡱ģѹԸָߵϴԡطϴأﻹеŰɣ˵ǲǴЦ 
Ⱥ΢΢ҡͷڸпˡ 
ׯ壬û 
һôˣ»Ǯ̫࣬ҲӰ첻áЦ˰ɣǸʡǮɣҲһǵطСԼ˵㣻Ŷ࣬˵˲㣬Ϊˡ˵绹б£Ҫϻȥء 
ׯΪ룬ȴ˵ӣ治˼ 
˳˫ɣҶ֪˴˭Ҳ˵ʲô 
߳ʱһعͷȥԡſ˺üۡ룺ԭָ߼ӾҡС㡱ĺõطĻûа֪һܡԼҡС㡱ʱ򣬾ͱط   
16   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һԾûʲôȤ˵е㷴СͬѾ۵һ𣬲òȵʱ򣬰׾ƺȸơƺȸƿƿҲ͵ͷˣԼ˵ǵξƲմġȴЩˡ 
°ʱһȵ˹ݡȥָˣȵơһæŴˣңæŻؼˡһֻһǣҲû˵ʲôԼϴƹϣһˣֳһסǼ򵥺ģӾˡȻ¥Сƿơ 
ôȾˣЩƵʵ 
һѧŵĹ˵ԾͳԣȾͺȡ 
˵վһƿơ¶֮оûдﵽԤЧ˵ڶƿ 
˷һ͵ﹾ๾ˢڣˢˢعκӣϴҴ·Ӳעʱ򣬴¹һ·ĵһװùţƤֽŷⴧ¶ŷװǧǮ׼֮ġȻʹЬ׼¥ 
ӼΪЩأʵҪʲôȥѽ 
һֻ˵һ䡰ȥ 
˵գϷţ¥ȥˡ 
ʱ֣ҫһ̫·ľе飬һֻ̿ԲƵϣҲ䲻һҫ۵Ĺâɫƣ޾ɵȸǣӿž鳲Ŀ 
һ̤ȥ˾ֳҵ·ϣһʺͷܲǮأܲܰæأ 
һӡУ˾ֳǸȽ쵼ɲձҵʱ򣬱²ŷ䵽һҵרҵԿڡ˵ڹλרҵԿڣǻأͦõģͱٿǮͨҵ˹˾ֳ 
ڿٿǮе̫ˣʮǰһְͨһµĹʻһٿǮٿǮҲõóˡɹ˾ֳ˵ʲôҲûա˵תҪ쵼оҲʲôԹԣأҲǹҪҲǰӳԱоģҪлҡҪ˵ĻԺ󣬰ѹãǾõıˡ 
һϯ˵һжѣʱ껹¡Ժļ굱Уλ½½ؽ˲ˡÿһˣЩ˾ͻڱ۵˵ָһѡ˶ǮأȻܽ𣿡ÿ۵ʱһΪ˾ֳеԩΪЩ˵ûиݣܶϣΡʵ̲סʱһ˵粵䡣⵱Ȼ֮١ 
һʱһʱʮǰ⡣һܱȽص̰òӦеĳͷͻʹٲٸƶ̰Ҳ̰̰˭̰γɶѭ 
ȴ󻷾Ӱ֮⣬˾ֳҲǰͬˡҲʮˡ쵼ɲ䣬Ů˵˸һ״̬ˡۿžҪ˾ӶˣԭǺܺõ쵼ʱһٲ̵㣬ûˣҲ̰͡ײ̣˭̡ˣŪڲһ͹ǣ˾ֳǮʱӣϴǾˣڲӸ߰꣬˸ɣȥʡǰ˼ң򷿾ͻ˶ʮ϶ѧϰͦãһѧַüһ궼߰ǧǮϰӡˢݹˣ岻ãһҩ͵úüǧ顣ʶȫҩѸܱԼȫôĻ⿿Ȼǲάֵġ 
ôڵĹ˾ֳٻ̰أ 
ʱһԸ̰ٶ١ΪڵǶ¾͵ûǮּܰ°ɣֲûǮĺ£ֽҵˡԣµԸ̰٣Ը١̰̰ٵĺôٰ̰ƣǮۿͬʱ̰Ҳ̰ٵ׼򡪡˵Ĺأǿǿ߼һǾ˼ҵǮҪ˼Ұ£߹ư첻ɵ£Ҳ˼ҵǮּ˼Ǯֲ˼ҰµǼеġһ仰ǵúôǰᣬúôǰµĶΪİõصõô͵ǧټƵذɡȻڰµĹ̵п϶ҪٵĵģʱٵеΥΥĵطеþͿʧҪõôⲻ˾ҪٵģҪðա٣ΪͼýԺã˼ҵǮԼŶһ²һµ̬ȣԽ׳һʡ̫ƽ˭ʲôأ 
һǸӰƤˡԸʲôżвѶ˵ʱ򣬻ûȿأͿʼ±˾ܾϹȥǹȥˣڵһͬˡװƿơƣﴧǧǮӾʹˣҲˡ 
һоŵģΪԼѡʱܺʡ 
ϣһڵĽ۽ˣϵʱȥǣǳڼ֮ͥܰС˾ֳ䣬ֲ̫ãΪӦճҹͱʵʵ˯þԱ㱣ֱҪ;ֻеϣܺϰȡһ룬Ӧǹ˾ֳþɵʱ 
ڵҪ쵼ǴȨʮ㣬˵һġΪרУʱ򣺸ˣеҲˣˣеҲͲˡʹµ˲òɿ쵼ɫµϰߡͨ˵ˣӦ֣ôࣻϴ˵ˣڣʲô¶ð졣һڲԹɫһף˵Ҫʱ䡢ص㡢ϣٻ֪һġѡ˾ֳңĿľľ£ĳɹ 
֮һԴ˴жġ·ϵʱͦأһ־ڱصõš·ѾǶ¥ڰεضӿż¾ӵϲ֮顣 
ÿ˾ֳҵķţһûбĿˣһ͸е⣬һ˾ֳЦܿӣĻ˳ɣ 
֮󣬹˾ֳһ溮ѣһһ˲裬ִӲ輸óһСϪݸһһ֧ԼҲһ֧һ輸ϵĴȸ˾̵ֳţԼҲˡ˾ֳϰǹд򿪣һĸǰһһΪж 
һڵλ˹˾ֳһףڼڼȴһǱ룺˵ĴͬɫͲͬɫ̬ͬȾͲһڵλǡһ֡Ľɫǡһ֡£ΨҶģ̬Ȼࣻڼأ˵ĽɫˣˣҪġ 
һòһݾ͵ֱ⣬Ե̫ˡԼͻȻþѾǲ֮ˣټĵ˵飬˼һ㾫׼ûУеܲġӦ˵ģöԷи͵Ĺ̡ 
֮󣬼˵¸ڷ飬һ˵һгã¸ڵľͶˡ 
гãʲôгãгã˵˵˾ֳ΢Цţרעؿһһһʵ 
ӣƺ϶һǻشģһְѶԷס֮Ŀк㡣 
ʵ˵Щ⣬һûĥֻơ˾ֳôһʣش 
һſڽӣ˾ֳЦˡ 
شɣгãгãʲôгã˵СҾǽʲô¶ҪԼԽҪԼзжϵгԼĥȥɡ 
˾ֳĿǰ״ЩġƽʱְϣеķߣǱֳһּᶨƣ۲۹ִ᳹еӡֹϺ˽µĲ̬ͬȣһù˾ֳ˻ǺζģҲ;øӿ׿ɾˡ 
ʲôгãĿǰľЩ⣬˾ֳû½һҲûʡһǽϵʱѾȥʮˣһת˵ǰǵλſڼίУԵˣ˵ǵλҪԺｨסլ¥ 
ð¥ð˾ֳ˵áȻֹˡһ»˵Щʲô 
һһ˵⼸ǵλö˶˴ӣû˭סôСķˡ 
һ˵仰Ŀ˾ֳͬ顣Ϊ߱ȵõǿߵͬ飬Ȼܵõǿߵİ 
һ˾ֳеͬ˼˵Ѱ˼кʵҲ뻻ġУܻԵ˵Ƕλְ⣬ʣһͦģû൱ĹϵǽȥġѰ˼ǽ¥Ҳõǵλĵطܰæ˵˵ôҲܸӡ 
˾ֳ̬ȾеˣȻһ˿ЦݣһţۿҪˣȴһ 
һˮ˵˵öԣȥ˵ǻøӡҸòȥ˵˵أţ˼Ƿ˼ң˵ʲʣ 
һһʱȴ룺쵼Ϊְס£ֲΪԼʲôôʲôʲʵġôɻȴô˵ĻʲôӦòӦõġΪ쵼Ϊְ£ƺҲһֶݣְҲãҲգܵҪǧлģӦðֲģҲûʲô취 
һǸ֪Ѷ˵ˡǰ˾ֳôһ˵ֻ˳صͷЦûбֳΨΨŵŵӣΪĶﴧǧǮأһǮ˾ֱסûм˵ʲôü΢΢һֳۣһ˼ӡ 
Щϸ΢ıӹ˾ֳ۾е㲻ĸо̱˶ĻʲôɡڵλԷɫļѳŪ̫ΡǾñȽ滺˵ɣҼǵˣȻ˵òã 
һ֪˵ԼĹ۵㡢ȻʶԷòá˵ʽ쵼ǹõ׻֮ǣôˡ﷨Ƿʲʡǵеᾭˣ£һֻһͷһ˵áĸ֪ôļһ飬ҲûȤ޲û׼Ūø⡣ 
һûͣףҲֻ˵̶ˡһ˵ƽһͱҵ˰ɣ 
˾ֳ߹Ӧţû˵ʲô 
һ˵Щ͹˾ֳҳΪ֪ҳƽȵ֮Ľ̸ڲƽȵ֮ǲҳġֻԴһЩеĹɶһ˵ƽǻҲûǮƽѧһǮҲû治˼ֳȥҲûʲôġڲǿСԱֻ˵ҵݿģʵԼġڿЧ滹ȥͷٿԣˣһᲹ顭 
һһ˵ţһʹ¶ͳǸװǧǮŷ⣬ǧǮƽɡ 
һŷڲ輸ϣȻվ˵ﻹе£ͻȥˡ 
˵վߡ 
˾ֳôҲû뵽һǧǮ̫ˡ 
˾ֳĲ쵼жʵȨĲһ˵ʲôҪʲô£Ͷ¶첻죬ղգжٶе׶Ǳλְأвɲһģ͸һǧǧģְͨ͸ǧ˰ٵҲ͵ͷˡһһǧǮ 
˾ֳһʱе㲻֪룬ﷴ˵һ仰ǸɶǸɶ֪˵ʲôˡֻţһҪһߣһҪȥǮҪһ 
ʱ˾ֳеìܣΪǧǮϾСĿһǱλְô˾е㲻˼ͻȥأҲе㲻ԸѾҪһϾǵ쵼ˣܿˡɿؽż㡢ԱȺƽ⣺¥Ʒ¥ȣһƽôҲʡٿǮһƽ׵ķӣʡ顣ܰˣǧǮҲûʲô˵ģ첻أٰǮػȥҲʲôԹǾЦ˵ 
ҲǿˡǮԸȷ㷽˵ķ¶һͺ͵УǱϵһ£ȿôҪпܵĻǾ;ȡ㿴вУһ 
ؿĿˣƺˡƽʱǳơС߾ͽȫơһȴʡϣֻһˡһеǳСͬʱƺӹ˾ֳгһ־еİڽű˵֡ 
˾ֳ̬ȵԱ仯һ˷ǳ̵ӡ 
һף˾ֳĻкܴĻصġ쵼ĸ֮һǳ˵ãã 
ǧǮˡ   
17   
ǡ     
ʮ 
Ϻˣڼ¥ʱС˵ģ˵ûͦأϲ˰ˡ٩һȺС̼˵ˮƿͷϺȥ 
ϺĽźˡϰĵһҪһǼԷǶǵпĻлʵҸڣһ򵥵سԶٷֶѣ˭ҲûƴǡչʮһӣǱ˵˵ЦЦ¥ԷĵطȻһġ˹ݡ 
һԷԱСҵæЦӯӯкˡ 
˵ʱҪ⽷ģҪ˿Ƥģ˭ҲҪġϺͼ˵زѽ˭ҲǳҵĺУҲѽ 
٩գգ۾˵ҽǽɶɶϺˣҿǾ㣬ɡ 
ҾһЦ˵ãɡ 
ΪǸԼԷһð׶˷ѡϺҪ˵ʱ򣬴ҾٲҪˡ 
һ˵ٷҵģⵥ 
Ϻæ˵;һǮһһģöǮǶǮ 
٩˭ģҲ⼸ˡԾ£ǵ񹫿Ժһʣһǳԩأۺ˭Ҳûԩûģ̣ɶѽ 
Ҫˣʲôأһ˵Ϻˣȵ׾ƺãѪ٩ʷԱСûɢ׾ƣ˲Ρ轵ɢ׾ơСҡͷ˵ûС 
С˵ƿİɣصϰ׸ɣȱˣֲͷ 
٩źؿһ˵ôŪݾأǶΪƿװƶǾƾҵģСƳյĴƵܻӭˣ˲Ρʲôһݣв׳֮ЧϷ겻ųģ־ơ밡ֱˣܲ׳ 
ԱС첻ڸǰ٩첱̽ͷС˵ڵүǶԼⲻӲ⵹Щ׳ҩˣʲôǹˣʲôΰˣָġҩһô˲ʹҲû֨йСҲã3.15Ȩ汣Ҳãû˵Ͷ׳ҩİɣ 
һЦ 
٩ֽ˵׳ҩĶ࣬׳ҩĹࡣҩſŮɫַÿˣֱߵǽϣ߸ϣҲǣҵŷġǹʸɿ飬ͻɫС˵дࡣи֮ǣ㣬ֻҪĳĳҩܱڶ֮ڣʹٶ٣˵üֱ񡭡ҩ¼٣Ҳûлͷͣйֻ̫࣬Ҫһ˺ԣͷǳɹˡ 
Ϻ˵Щҩ꣬ҩƷ̫ˡֶר񣬶Ҷҩ۵λãֶ˼ЩŮġֻҪгһ߽ҩ꣬ǾȿֺƼеҩƷ˶ƵġСطأûʡվǰһأԱƷרһҰһң˻ָ̡ҩǷƵĴСТʽŮ١ 
Ⱥҡҡͷߵ˵ôû˹ܹأ治ףڵôǵô 
˵䣬ˡСڼ˵СƿλơȺǶʱ˵ԼܺȾƣٵ㣬ܵ 
٩ӹȺĻ˵һ˳Ȳȵϣϣϴϴϣɲϡ 
ϺʣϹû 
٩һЦôôأ˵˵ԼɣҪҿģⷽĿҲǺ£ȶΰһĻá㿴ڵǿ鰸ǲǱǰЩٶˣܵǵĸҲǶԵһأҲһ־ڵĿų̶Ȼǲ˼˵ںö෢ҵĳﶼкǷģ˳ġġС㡯һ˿ҵվſڣڳƷѣ˵ǹЩеǼⷽҲͦŵġġС㡯öϺÿˣ飬֤ûԲҲûȥץõĺ¡һǮ˵һ޾͵ǧ˰ٵġҪ˵ʱǮãҪɶɶҪжǣҪô˵أͷãǸͷҲί 
٩˵ͷǸͷģҾһЦЦˣֶ˳˼֮С 
꣬Ϻ¿ӣһ̡֧˵Ǯ˵һ¶֪û˵ǰ죬ɳץС͵һʰ֮ĶǾ͹һǰ͵Ԭгļҡ͵Ķʲô˵͵ȫǮһж٣˵ʱûüϸʮɣǰǮʲôطˣ˵ǸŪˡǵô£˵ԭ͵Ǯһ¥ݿڣͿǰ飬еšһ쳣ף;ҪǰʡС͵һȾܡǰܣں׷ǡʱǰ·о֨֨ؽšС͵ΪǱ˾Ҳץˡǰо죬бŻˡܵǶʱǼǣǸװǮĶӵ˲һľȻּܡǵ뷨ǣʹץˣҲû֤ݣҲκβǣ󻹿ԵǶȥҡץʱûץţɵٻȥǸǮʱȴˣ֪ʲô˸ˡӦǾ仰벶ȸں󡯣èˡ 
Сü룬˵ҿеϹҲûץסʲô֤ݣС͵ԼԼϼɵѽ 
ϺҡҡͷͲˣİơжǰ˷ֿһ˵̹״ӿܴϡ˼Ҷˣ㻹ʲôǴΣҲ˵˵ɴթʰмʵʵġħһߣһɡɴթǲԣǹսʰҲģģ˭½ȥ 
٩ʣǺأ 
ɳһ漰Ԭгأϱо쵼о쵼һǺԬгϵĺûᣬȥͨ籨š֪Ԭгȴʸڷϣ˵û£Ҵδо쵼һˡȻС͵飬õĿڹ˵ڶǺϣǲٵġС͵Ļ٣ǾֻԬгĻǼٵˡԬгļٻǴ֮٣ΪʱûбǮ䶼ûУ͸ܳˡ˵ˣʹǮҵˣҲ϶Ǯģǳ϶ôǮ͵ڳԼ̰ˣ̰ôôǮأ 
ΪԬгӰ죬оҪ˰¼ǿ˵гôôǮأǲС͵ģһȻˣС͵Ҫú룬гôôǮأǲҪ˵ٻҪУҪԩˡǲԼǴˣҪüС͵һҲᣬ˵ԭ˵ĶǼٻûǻ¡С͵͸ˣҲͲ֮ˡ 
ȺЩЩˡѾƱصһţ˵ЩٵģﶪǮұɼǮǺ𣿡 
٩ҲЦһ¶ڶ⼸꾭ý¶ľкöС͵͵߹ٵİ˵С͵ڷܷ滹й׵ء 
Ⱥڳ˼Ƶ˵ôǮʲô͵أ 
٩˵˭͵ģ϶͵ģҲ͵ġǾեͷҲֵǸǮǮ͵ĴڡͷҪٵģҪ̵ģٵǮĵءھ˭Ȩ˭̣̲ŵϹ߶߶˺ˣ۱˵ЩûõˣǺȾưɡ 
˵ţһﲱԼȰѱľƺˡ 
ȺžƱûкȣǮʲô˼ȥأһ˼ȥҲˡ 
ϺƱ˵һѻȥҲһĿˡͻظְɲһǸϹڵʱѻȥۣٶٿǮǱˮнѡɾС¶Ҫһصӣ쵼¶¶ʵѽһӾʮ򣬶˲֪ġ 
˵Ҳѱľƺˡ 
С˵ǿɱϺϹ׻ˣûأǺȾưɡ 
һʱ˵ʲôһ˵ҪֻǻеؾƱͷҲһڡ 
ˣһеĹǶʮǮţڵԽ⿪   
18   
ǡ     
ʮ 
㡭绰ˡ 
һݵĵ绰Ͷׯݵĵ绰ǴġׯǿƳȻ绰ġһ£绰һ죬ׯͲһݵ˽˻ùȥͦ鷳ġһݵļҲ֪Ȥ˭ҲŽӵ绰ֻе绰֪֮ׯ⹤ݣߵ˲Žӡ 
绰¾Ͳˣ˵ׯݽˡ 
绰¥ϵĹ˾ֳģ˵һȥһˡһָ֡ʾ˭ҵׯϽһ߱룺˾ֳôһأʲôأ 
һһ˾ֳ䶡ҲúͻȻһ룬ʮа˾Ƿӵ£ϵ£мſƳأֳҲġ 
һµһûһֳ߽ң˾ֳʾһŹϣȻͿżɽ˵ӵ£Һ͵УǱ˵ˣУǻӡϢͦ鰡вҪأ˼Ҷ֮˭Ҳ˵ˡУͦáҺǶ˵ˣٵȥ˵ɣòã 
һٲǧлǧǮ¹˾ֳû 
ӵüĿˣһˣڡ˹ݡǶ˵ơ 
ϰʱ򣬼λﾲĵģûмˡ룬ǡһ֡ڼҡһȻֳ￪ȥˡ 
˾ֳԵλļҪͦϡûµʱݵسѲһ˭ٵˣ˭ˣ˭мˡ·ŲᣬǻûзʱѾ˸ǰԱֲõģСỹҪ˵˵Ȼһʱǲģм쵼ôأ 
ǣű˵ʱ򣬱ҲڿرЩھֳߵˣյ÷ǳ׼ȥˣҪȥʲôʲôʱߣʲôʱܻ˽һֳڵʱʵʵ˭عأֳڵʱǱ˭ö죬˭㡣ЩϢͨʿѾֳٵڲϢݸϵõˣҲһɡ 
һһкüŶûׯݵҲŵġһֻȺڰ칫ǰſ顣ݣ٩֪ں˭ء 
һһƣȻ뵽ˡɾӡ룬ûʲô£û˵ûܣŶĺʱ㷹žˣҡС㡱״̬ 
ҪȥȴһԸҪһ飬Ҫ֮ʶʶŮˣҪḻḻԼһ뵽Щ쳣˷ֽܶš 
Ϊһ죬ȵ̫ˣˡһ⣬Ⱦߡ 
һһˡɾӡǰ 
ͷһεһ˵ֵεĵطﲻе㵨ӣʶؾ뵽˰ŵĹһũ峤ģ˽⹷ϰԣЩģòֹˣܰצؽл෴ֺͲǷˣǾֻҡβֺˡ͹ͦţĿбӣ˵ؾֱȥȻЦݣʩ롣 
֮һ;ֱϴԡĵطȥ˰̨ǰǰͨԡصĹأȽǮȥ¶ҪƱǮԱСϴʱһˡ˵ŽһƺһëʾЬ漴һԱС߹һϴЬȡߣڰ̨Ьϡ 
һϸûЬԱСҲûҪЬ˼еƣֲʣʴ˼ЦԹŽŽȥˡһǺĵ̺Ųоǳ֪ΪʲôſûЬҺԼû˼Ҫ˼ҼЦˡ 
˴Ǹҡһŵñͬһŵĵһ 
һһվһӦ͸Ͻӭ˵ãӭ١ 
һֹʵƺǶ٣ 
ƺţһһ㶡 
ǸСƶϵĺ롣 
һŻȻʶԼ¶ӣһһûӡΪһ㣬װȶ˾廰ӡ 
һע⵽Ǹƺʱ򣬿ڳôô棬оЩնеҲѹ֣ΪһְҵԵѵжʱһһӣ½һСһʲôɵӣҲͬķʽΪġ 
 
Ƿƺҵ˶Ӧñ䣬һӣʾһ·Ȼһԡ 
һδܵȸе㲻ӦйһһԡһƺЩϰߣеЩŤһΪϡһƺģӦһѧʶһݵλˣҲӦЩ֮ģЩʿȵġ 
ǰһֱ׼й˻ûжٿģԼȻҲġΪ֪֮Ը˳֡ͬ־ѡֻιһҲԸñ˳Ϊ 
֮ԡҡĵθͨԡܱȵģǿһ̾ӣԡжٶƽףһ򳡵زࡣм̨ʽµĳӣˮףΧǸ߼豸߼ɣ䣻ʲô෿̷ϸˮߣͬһ㣬ʴ˵ȵȣġˢģϴƷһӦȫ 
һԡ˷ʱ䡣ټһϴԡ֪С㡱ǲĶֲڽ·Ƶļ˾ʡȲΣֲԸ˿һûˡǵϼǶһ׻ɵӹ꿴ھӡע۲ˣһϴ֮һſȥ˴һŴǰڷŸʽջ֮ƷʼһΪǻױأʵҲһҡﴩԡ²¥ϡϢĦƣҡС㡱¥ϡ 
һ˲ϣһƿˮͷ硣ʱзʵ¥Ϣ𣿡˵ͷӦһһԡ¸ˣ˴ԡ£˳Աߵ¥ݱ¥ȥˡһ֪ԭҲһҡ 
һеһԵĿͷ֪ʲôģһְ͸Ķȥ֮µǶѶ֣ϡɰQ 
һҲѧ˵ӣͷԡ¥¥ϵϢɷǷɳһӦȫߵװޣ͵ĵƹ⣬ĻıͶӣʵĻһ֮磡ȫյģһ棬ûʲôͺҹĸо·ʱ䶼ֹͣˡ 
һҸطˣ۲졣ϢһһȣԱߵһﲻʱԡͺ͡С㡱ģ˳һ룬¾ǡС㡱ǴĵطɣǱȥˡ 
һһߵǶ̾һӭʵҪʲô񣿡 
롭롭 
һһʱ֪ô˵źãеſڽࡣһһݵӣͲ³ˡǾ΢ЦʵҸС㡯𣿡 
һͷȻʲô˵£۾ٲҿǷ 
Ƿ˵˾䡰һǸ䡣ԭǡС㡱ǵϢҡ߾ͽкҰɣҽԺĺңվĺһ 
һһʮС㡱棬еڴϢеڻױеġп˽Ǿˢһ¶ĿͶһһһ涶ϣԼܹǰѡС 
վſڵһŮˣǸ¶ģĵĿ˵Լɡĸˣ 
һԭѡһƯģԼĿġһεֵطֻ£ôġС㡱еۻңһַееĻңִٲһʱ޷ݵرĸ벻ãִ֮УָһԼһɡ 
һڷĺ棬ǡС㡱һĺ棬ȵȥ 
һ䣬ְѷıڵҲˡ͵ĵƹ£ֻʮƽ״Сװ޵úܺãǺĵ̺ǽһ˫˴һɳصûд˵ĸоǷհȫ 
ƶǶ٣һһسһʵ 
һæһ۴ԼϵСƶϵĺ˼ңʵﷸѶһ 
ţһһ£ȷŷĵؼһϡȻϷˡ 
ֻʣһ͡С㡱ˡһ뵽ϾͿԺǰС㡱ˣһ쳣˷ܣ쳣ؽš 
һԭһǳͳؾɵˣŮ֮鿴úش󡣹ȥһֱΪҪʵŮֻ֮ԻΪΨһ;Ҫ໥֮ʶ˽⣬ºҪеһΣӡڣֻҪһٿǮͿˡ 
ʱһе㲻ǰһУоһ 
һϴˡԡС㡱˽⣬ĶԴǰС㡱 
һϸˡӦÿ˵˵ȵ״̬ٻһһ·¶õ塭 
ʵȴϡʱµĳЩС˵ߣ̫̫꣬ԼʾģдԺӵĶûУһֻдһдһԱ׬ȡĸꡣ 
ûһʲô˵ʲôأǡС㡱˵һ䣺ɣ˰ɡ˵ţԼȿʼˡ 
Ϊůͣĺ٣Ȼͺܷ㡣ֵֻĴָһһһקˢһ£ӴĿãȫȻץס·ױߣ첲һ·ȫˡǰ󲻳ӡһûüգһ۾أһչǰˡ 
ûһѹأѾȥˡ 
һ̫ͻȻˣϷһĿݡһһʱе㲻֪룬ˡ 
Ҳ˰ɣʲôأ 
ˡС㡱ĻһŻеԼ· 
ѽɡ 
鵽һҲݲһٿʲôˣֻòִӦԡ 
һС㡱ȥʱд˼ʮ꣬꣬ǧһ´ãͺȻˡ 
һȻȥˣµǸȴɰͰ͵ģôҲǶԽǲУԽżԽżǶԽǲС 
һֻڡС㡱˼ûݵĶûۣͿʼжˡǰӣһѾˡ 
һԼĲøеܲԡС㡱еǸΣ˵Բ𣡶Բ𡣡֪һƤ֮࣬ɵǮǡС㡱֮õġ 
еźһǸе㡣֮⣬ڼŮ˵ˣôһȻûгɹûϵԺлأܻгɹʱ 
ӡɾӡʱ̫Ծҫţϵ˳һжƽʱһһĸоȴȫͬˡоԼմһͷɾӡ¥Щ̵Ĺƺ͸߼ĴڵʵʵĴ룬ʱ˿̣϶¡ڲ֪ԭ⸻ûʵı󣬾˼˵Ĺ룬лжĵطأȫжĵطأλͬô֪µأҲ𣿽ϵ˵УжأѹƽʱˮͥУԭô¡ôˣôˣԼôˣ   
19   
ǡ     
ʮ 
ͷԣˣҲϣˣС㡱Ҳʶˣһ㣬ǰöˡԭǻҰ׵ͷhͺڷҲǹεøɸɾ۽ǶͷϵƺҲǰࣻ·ҲǰƯҲ˵·ʲôӵģЬʲôӵˣҲֻǱȽƯ֣ϳЦݣҲǰˣò˵ǻȻһ¡֯ݽ뵳飬ԼϷԡˣȴˡأ˼ģģҲʼĿ࿴ʹҵĹϵҲǰ׽ࡣңʶѰҸֻʹһĽӴ͹ͨ 
죬һһõĲҴԱమ÷æˡ֮һӹϣ˵ллæ͡ 
మ÷һ߹رմӡһ˵͵ȻãֻǿɾͲˡ밡ϲһǧ֣滨Ǯʮ˿Ҳˣ͵Ļʮ˿϶ǲġ 
˵Ĭ˵ǻۡʵĬ˵ı֡һȱĬеһΪãȻҲĬˡమ÷Ļ⿪ЦһһʮǮüء 
ڶĵĵһһ˫۾鲻Խమ÷ɨɨȥ 
మ÷ʮ꣬˳ƯҲ硣·ȻʲôƣҲߵΪĺãʲôÿǾ﹫ϵļ䡰ֻ֮һ 
మ÷Ϊһ˵ǴЦû뵽һѲͻԼ֮󣬲һֻˣһһضమ÷Ц˵ģ͡ݿΣ༸˲Щ 
ǹ칫ҹܵģԱԷͬʱҲ칫βμӣ˳µġһһǧֵĲϾͣȻеСġһҪⷢӣĿʵȦ뽪Σͽϵ 
һλһţ˼ʽкöεȦеǶȦеȦȦеȦȦͬһȦǾһ𣬻һԺȣһһġʲô¶ţӦڡھڶȦ棬ǺܴһȦһ棬Ⱥڻã棬ͼ͸ֳ˹ϵַͬһ㡣ͨ´ҷԴҪھסţٲҪ˴ùϵ 
ҪùϵٲþҪһһԳԺȺȡȥǹֹϵѣм֮⡣ʵУ־ѣбʲôأ֮֡ˮϻʱˡӶûˣĻʲô֮أ 
ʵҲȫͼĿڸⲻһʽͨ㻨Ǯð⣬ϡѪ֤г⣬ܰ㵱ѡ֮ϣܺȵáѪ͸֤㹻ѡٹ˼˭֪أ˵ٺ˭أ 
ȥһľãûǮðϯ޷ĳ⣬Ȼ١ˣҪһΡ 
һ칫ңκݮģ⹤మ÷Ҳˡһһమ÷תԽ˵మ÷æ㶫˵Ĺµ˼һġ 
Ǹ֣ˬˣһһ˵ⷬɶ˼ˡûһ˵ʲôȵǶԣӦ롣ҪĲȥ𣿡 
һˣͷУҪ˵ʲôô֪أ 
ݮ㲻ʧʱز廰ǽ㲻һɣҪôܵأ 
һӴ۶εˬ쾢һ㣬һ㣡 
˭ѽһȻŮԼۣ֮ܲƲûȺȾأȾ͵ˣֱ̧̧ˣǲ鷳𣿡 
һ仰˵ü˹Ц 
һִ֪һֺðͽʵͣԼͣȴԼΪģԼ˭˭˽˵ûʲôضľ۲ͣͼǴһ죬Ͷϵġ͵˱Ҫ˭ȻҪΪģܹһԳԺȺȣһȦˡԭһȿǵľׯһĿƳ֮СȻԸ͸ֳֻǵ˼ܸܲӡ 
һ˭˵ǿƵׯƳУ뿴;ֳܲ붯룬²ܸӣǽ˵ɡ 
βԥ˵˵˵žͳϵĵ绰ͨ͸ֳ칫ҵĵ绰ɶأһȥѽһҵǸꡭⵥλѽܲȥͱȥˣһ𣬻ÿͿģۣԼһã㡣壬극Ƕһ齫˵ˣһߡ 
µ绰һˣ˵ˡ 
һȻǳˣԽεĴм 
ʮһչ˾ˡ˹ݡ 
͸ֳĵʹһеر⣬־Ľһ̨ס 
ڱ˵֮£κͼ͸ְֳһˡ 
⽪κͼ͸ֳԭе൱ʱйΪﷴԣδճɾȥ˶˸Եļֵ֮ͥһλȻûʲôΪڣһһͣе㾫޵ĸо˶Դ˶˽⣬ԣԸֺǵˣ跨һĻᡣ 
ϯ䣬һٲҪ˵Щлమ÷æ֮֡ĻҶֻ֪Ҹ⣬Ծһգ˵Ҹڣʹ±˳ĿĲͼ͸ֳεϵ׽ѡ 
మ÷л֮˵ıǲģдҲá 
ݮҲ͵˵в 
һ⻰˺㣬ȴǫЦҵҵ 
˵Ѱ뺨м͸ֳͼλŮʿڳһҪŪŪǾЩǣǿ˵˵ûʲôţеţе˵ҲδؾǺ¡Գݱѣﶼġ 
һ˵һʵĻ˲ףҲסΨݮ㣬ΪǴѧϵҵģòӦñһĻסʸһ뿴һܷ͵ͨҲԼӵ֪ʶǾʵ緽˵Ǿ仰ǰû˵ءܸܲ仰˼ʲôأҲ֪ʶ 
ݮ仰һϣġͶӾׯгİ׵ػشߴҲҲʲôֵǮݣͬʱҲΪֵǮʹɥǺܸһ仰ű֤Ĺ۵㡣Ҫѵ࣬˼һģ˵Ķͬһ 
ݮգͷ˵Ȼѧġ 
ݮĻһȸе˸С˵ǣõݮƯЩѧʶŮʿͣм͸ֳκమ÷ڳҲһӡ˸еǣԼȻеѧʲôأԼˣûʲôļƣȴΪеţĸʲôʲô£СֲԸ㣬˼ȣעǲʲôϢġȵˣʲôˣҲʲôˣԸΪԱĶΪ޵ݡ 
γһݮ㣬µʲôģ˵û˵˺Ⱦơ 
ţ͸ֳҲעһǾ仰ĽͣǾ仰еҲԵһƽʱô˵ﻹе㶫ء 
Ҳӹ˵ͽ㡣˵һ䣬Ȼʲô£ת˵˵һؾƸвɲҲһ¡ 
Ƹвɲ 
ûһ˵ʲôת͸ֳʵв㾺Ƹ£ 
͸ֳԳɵ˵⻰˵ģǲģ˵ģȥˡһƣȫǷơԭŸңʮˡ 
΢΢üԭиλ϶ˣ˭˼ȥأ 
͸ֳòͽֽһ֮͡پƸԭиλϵҲԾƸĸλĸλ˻һ㡣 
ׯһڵô˵ջ쵼һ仰Ķʽ 
ݮҲʼį˵вɲǾֳеֽƣôô¡ 
һһ۷׷ס 
Ҷףׯ˵쵼ݮ˵ľֳָĶǾġһ֡˾ֳ 
͸ֳϾǾּ쵼е֯ԭ򣬲˵ʲôƱȾƣȾơ 
һమ÷֪Լûʸ̸۴£ʼձֳĬһȴܲƽŽ˵ҲμӾƸвɲĻͬչһصĶʣＤ㲨 
㷹֮󣬱̳£һһ齫һѶɷ 
͸ֳׯţκݮšమ÷ڽԱ߿֡ 
һƣִ˵еȶˣҵֶĴһ 
˵գ㳯ֵСȥˡ 
ʵһûĺȶֻ࣬һ徻˼ 
һ룬ٷûа׳ԣȻԼô֪ƸأĺЩ鶼еġЩϢͨʿ֪ˣЩϢǣȵ鶼սˣɵƵ˵ԭء 
ô죬ҪôԣԾԣһš 
ǰ붼ģûڲͬˣǮˣȺڹϵҲǰˡҸоãЩͣҲˡֽһ룬ԵĻȻҲֻķƵĿƳλáǣжأʲôղյģͶսȻټǾԣʱ;ԣؼȡڡһֻ֡Ҫȡͬ⣬Ҳˡׯݮ˵ģвɲǾֳеֽƣĸʹĸ˼άһһ仰¡˵ˣҲûʲôʵȨЩвɲ˭ҲְλġӦԣԼôˣβһ£Ժ͸ûлˡйǹٱλĹȣ˵Ըǵ٣صҲǵ٣һ벻еı׼Ҳǵ١Լ־ȤΣ˾Ҫ׼㡣ף˭Ҳøıһڻعˣʮ껹ʲôζûУ˾ˡƲ˵ԼҲǻģûɶ˼ʹǸ۶ְҲܱʲôζûǿҪÿ㡭ⷽζһ̫ˡ 
Ǳ齫ѾȦˣһҲѾö 
ڶϣһǧǮٴȥǹ˾ֳļšΪһεľ飬һο˵ᳵ·׾͸㶨ˡ   
20   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һȥˡɾӡһأбġ 
ϴκϺһԷĵʱᵽõҩ⵹һºҩһУԤˡȥɾӡ֮ǰ˵ϵ͵͵سˡˡɾӡҴҵ¥ϴϴ¥Ϣˡ 
һط֮۾ͶǽĹӣȴŰСʱ֮Чǣӳҩڣ쵽һСʱˣûʲôӦ룬ҩ϶Ǽٵˡߵ˼䣬ͱ۾룬ҲһʱԼأڼҵʱ򣬳˯һ֮Чáʱϣľ˯һ 
ǣһֵطһ뵽ЩС㡱һ뵽Ҫ飬;񿺷ܣþ˺һ˯ȫޡʲôзûУһֻ̾һ޿κε˵ˣˣҲǰ׷ѣԺ˵ɡ 
һȻԼһֵطʩʲôħʧȥ־šС㡱Ϣţ񿴵һֻεƵƵУĻ类ˡһ־סջɼسС㡱Ϣȥˡ 
һΣһأһԵôݶˡվݵصУһëͷһҪƷǰļС㡱һشһ飬Ƚһеʧûһرĵġ 
һΪԼһƷλģʲôèù涼ܹ۵ˡҪҵӦֿһۣܹеǰһ͵Ϊ֮һܹǿഺ˶򣬻ǮðűץΣգӺ͵ɥ𣬾̫ˡһ仰Ҫֵǰļʵڲ⡣ɵü΢΢ҡͷ 
һôı飬Ǹ긾ŮЩõ˵üûһĵģѽҲǸȢϱأôɶþ¡ 
Ů˵ĻһȻеŤȴҲòеģٴ˿¶ôΪġһһʱȴôҲܲˣֹ۵Щ˶ġûĿľãֻͼһʱйͶʲôأҡС㡱ǲʵģʲôġС㡱ңǾ͸ӿɳˡ 
һеԥˣѡһɣò̫ģ˰ɣе㲻Ը 
һΪѵʱǱֹһС㡱һһÿ˶ĵģȴеû˵㿴вУٲУû 
С㡱ϢҵķȣšŮһ˵һһͷƼһŮǱֻʮԶˡ 
һֻôһƳо˯ʱȻһѣ͵Ϊ֮һͬһ⻮ҹգپǰһ 
Ů̫Ưˣ̫ˡŮӣڽܻһĿתǷǵġڴ֮ϣȻǴߣҲֻԶԶؿţֻǷǡںˣֵطˡʱǶôļ 
Ϊ̫ϲˣ̫Уǰʵ֪˵ġǲָǰŮӡǸǰûбŮˣӦָľɣһǲ̫šһӡУνġС㡱ЩŨױĨ̻¶ӣֹЩ٬Щɧһ֪ǲŮӡǰŮģȴһ崿ܶׯӡ 
ֿԺͿµġС㡱 
ʱһĵľݣΪֻȷġС㡱ݣܹٺҲûõġ 
ȥλвУŮĿǺǸŮ˵ 
ˣһȷŮҲǡС㡱ʱһЩӣȸеˣͬʱЩϧ˵ǣŮӵڵõȷϣΪֻȷǡС㡱ʱԼпܺϧǣôƯ崿Ůӣôһأ 
˽ġŮӲǡС㡱ԼôܺӴأԣһϲ֮Ƕϧġ 
Ļ⡰С㡱˵һСתŷԱȥ 
һ˵ظڡС㡱ĺ档ַλ;룬ʹлῴıӰô糤ôƮᡣһ£ϸ֫ز۲۵رֳˣһ̵ܶţȹԳһ˫Ĵȡ 
һŮȲͱ׼ܸߣе̡ϲϲǺܴ֣СԵȶӣȽУ֮ȲִȴģֲϸģӦСǰС֡ǰС㡱ȲϺ׼һĵĻ⡰С㡱β 
Ϊβϲ󣬵ȴôԲôĹģộڶСţȹİ£õЧôĻô·βŤŤȥġ˵һ޷ջ 
һĿתضšС㡱˵βѴߡһ뵽ϾͿָǸ߶ֳβˣһһĻŭŵĸо 
Ա򿪷ţһƺżǺãתˡһѷһ壬ֻСС㡱ˡ 
һС㡱ҲϴεǸһһݾͼĵ·ԣһأڡС㡱δȵʱδѵ˵һ䣺ȱѣȴһ 
˵žͺ͡С㡱ڴضϣһֻαһֻ־ظƮ㷢ǰϸ 
ʲô֣ 
ľ 
ľֺãֺʺ㡣 
һ֪δؾʲôϵأֱһţֻҪʱ˵ܴ͹ˣļٵأ 
ҲС㡱һвãûȫȥҲԾͲ׶䣬ȻһУȴûմȾһеֶϰһ仰ûȫΪǮĻһ˵Сһ̸ĸоУеһôϲô۰Ŀˣһ䣬ͺＱ·ѹ֮󣬾Ͷʳ˵ϣȫĸܣҰܲˡΪˣһ˼ֺøСڡС㡱һǺеһָо 
һ֪ӵʱޡܰĻ̫Ҫ¸ԣʱ䡣 
Ҹ·һһ˵ţһС㡱·Ŀӡ 
һٶǡľС㡱û뵽ģе㲻˼˵ÿ˸·ء 
˵ţҪԼѡһסֵ˵ɣԸ 
С㡱ֻһ 
⡰ľС㡱һܵһܱ̺ĸоȸˣеⲻȥмɬ 
һǸϸˣϲҴææʲôԸ档Ը⿴С㡱壬ϲһչԼǰɽԸһʵǣһؽӽۣǲ˼³ˢһӾ͵ɽܲʵǵȤ 
һ·ѵʱ򣬡С㡱չǰˡһһƷСظϸϸƿһСĻŪʲô©ʲô 
С㡱ڴˣƼȰ˲һˣǾһּֿʵʱ̻ʣһģʵȴǡǡ෴ 
µǸǲôҲ벻״̬ĶôҲ̧ͷ 
ʧܣҪŬҪӲѼϼܡƣʽѣûʲôʵԵݡͲ߱ĹȴӲҪһ֮󣬻ǲòͣһ 
һźĽ֡ 
һǳźҡҡͷ߲ѵ˵Уеţɡ 
С㡱οҲġ 
Ҳģ 
С 
С㡱ôһ˵һҵ˰οϵı߲ѶתΪ΢Ц 
С㡱ֽ˵ǰ죬һͷҲǲСĩ˵ˣˣϡϡҲˡ 
˵ͷж 
ʮң·ȽŶ̫ˡ 
ôֵطأ 
ʲôϡģͷеǮģмûֵطС 
һе㲻˵˵ôܰҺͷӱأô𣿡 
㵱Ȼûôϡ㲻⣬ϵ⣬Ǿá 
С㡱һ˵һͿʼ·ˡ 
һֵ֪طĹأ¶ˣС㡱Ϳˡһδ͡С㡱ٶһûɣһྶ࿴һҲܵõһ㡣ǾĿ˵ȱߣҴһ˵˵вУ 
С㡱еͬģӦ˾ڴϣһϢһ˵ 
һ̾һ˵˵öԣҪǾáǡ˵˺֮⣬Ӧ˵еϰΪԼϾͨҪԼܴͳĻʹͳ¹Ӱ̫ˣٹ̣һʱѰ־ϵ 
С㡱˵һǸĻˣĻ˺һ˾ǲһСۡ 
ЦˡҲͺˣܵ𣿡һʵ 
šС㡱һ¡ 
һ˵С㡱ǲҸ˵ȥġǵл˵νġ̨ΪҪðܴΣգеĿܻװòꣻеĿܻᱻһط춼زеĿͬʱʲôпܷԴΣգС㡱Ҳšһϣ϶ʲô⣬һ˼ʹӦԡ 
һԭΪС㡱Ӧģ˵ԣϲ⡣ 
ʲôʱأһе׷ʵ 
ʮԺ󣬰ŵǰ 
һһ꣡ 
ʱ䲻𣿡 
ʱϰ岻óȥ 
ʵʲôʱУʲôʱ䲻УԼҲûüϸģֻʶΪҹӦڼ˯ʱ䣬ŵӦڵλϰʱ䡣˵г̵һʼۣʲôʱԺ˵ 
ôôϵأ 
ҰֻŸ㡣 
Ҫֵʱ򣬡С㡱ڰ̨һֽдֻţ͵͵һ   
21   
ǡ     
ʮһ 
ۣˣˡ 
˵뿪ᣬǰʮӾ˿ʼ໥кˡǣҵǾ½½߳Եİ칫ң۳һı磬˵˵ЦЦ˸߲ҵر¥ĴҶȥ 
˻ǰŸָĿĺ뷨ġ 
ЩԸã˵ЦǣſǰļӺʹҳһУԼ˸飬νһáЩΪеɫְԼŮǣְΪչʾһλᡣΪȫְᣬһ㶼ǰһ֪ͨˡǻǰһϾѡõڶҪƯ·糿ʱ侫ĴһǰһΪľҪĿ֮չʾһԼһӡ󡣵Դ˵絽һĿģҵһλ 
εĲѧУָ֡ͬǣͨѧУҵûôеΣ̨ҲǹһǺüһġǽϵȻûкڰģдʲôʲôĺ̨ȻǼλֳŵĵط˭Ķǻ̶ģ˾ֳȻмλą́µǾûй̶λˣ浽ԸĶĶ 
ǶֲѧϵıԵƣԻøɣҲǶԸ쵼۶С۶֪֮ܶǳںԭǶԸǰλ̫棬쵼Զ쵼֮ӡвɲһ㶼̫ĵطм䣬ԿǰһЩͨȺ֪쵼ԶҲͲʲô쵼Զ쵼Ĺˣһ㶼Ըں棬м䡣Ըں棬Ը棬Ϊ쵼Ը⿴ȺԶĳ棬ǰһ£ͰĽеǰȥȱ 
ԵʣǶԸ絽һԱҵʺԼλá 
ϺһСһļ˵ףѽƳ 
һֹϹ֪أƸݽ֮пء 
ʲôƸݽʲôˣǶǺŪˣ߹ȶź˵ġ˵ǾвһģǾһ˵ǿ¼ãô£ʵǱ£ս쵼˵㡭 
һʲôֻǺһϺı֪ǵĶǳϺ˵ʵֹ˵ȥֻ߶֮ˡ 
ׯԼµˣܿҪԼһˣе㲻ɱϻҪװѺõӣе˵̨Ժš 
һҪ뿼ǰѧʦĶׯضмصͷ 
٩ЦµҺϲư 
һ˵ôһûʲôݵĻͬڰ٩ıһ¡ 
˵һԻȺȻʲôشķ֣룬ѵ˵һҲҪμӾƸΪ֤ʵһ㣬ϺôμӾƸأ 
ϺЦ㻹֪أǾĹҴˣߵС֪̫ˡ 
Լһ˾ҪΪƳˣȺһĸо 
Ⱥ˵˸룬״̬Ҳڲͬ˻ٵضе׸Ƶԣ˭ȨƣͰͽ˭˭˭гϢ˶ƵģԸ֮Ⱥȴǡǡ෴ȨƵ˶ԶԶģеŤŤģ˭гϢˣϾ˾롣𣿵Ҳ˵ûж˵Ĳ˵ȴռȫˡԼȡ˺ܲˡԸֻǵλģ߱͵ġעһҲʲôϢģͱ˵ĹϵҲע̫á 
ǾһιƸвɲԴһһǵ˺桢 
һ߽ңϯ̨ϷһƸݽĺʹ᳡ձòͬΪҪǾƸݽ쵼Ƕ̨ȥˣֻ̨һΡǻŸֲ̬ͬڵ˽ȴŻĿʼ 
һȻϺ٩ں棬ȺûٰһǶ㵽ȥˡ 
鿪ʼʱǹ˾ֳ̨ϽȻǹھƸɲĿһЩ˾ֳ֮Ҳ̨ȥˡžǾƸԱһһߵ̨ϣԼľƸݽ塣 
˼֮Ǿ;еȻζˡеĿʼС˵еĿʼϲеĿʼĿ񣬺˰Ѿ̨ϡ 
һ̨ݽ 
˵㵽֣һŲ̨ȥ 
ΪҶһйһ̶ϻ޵ġںöطöಿţöϣȻʽʱװġνƸϵľѣû쵼˽µͬ˭ҲóȻزġǲʶôزȥˣҲֻĶѣ˭ԸֲʵأΪԵʣľƸͱ˵ȶģʵϾ޾ƸˡΪˣڲμӾƸݽԱУвɲ֮⣬ֻһһˡ 
ΪˣȻرعע᳡һӾ;ǶĿһͶ 
ڴ֮ǰһĬĬŵģͻȻȫֵĽ㡣һʱͿԵеı˷ӵĻᡣʱǳеţΪ¶ﴧһ׼õݽ壬ֻҪͿˡ 
һףϺ˵ƸݽֻǸʽѡ 
йĺö˵ĺľԶ˵ùûʣ컨׹ʵȴһ¡أǶһ˵ʲôô˵Ͳôˡ־Ƹݽ˽ģǷǳκͻܵģ̨ϵ²һʽҲ˵ɰܵģ̨Ͻ̨ĻĹΡ 
һҪݽЩ˼ֵþһЩǺݽ츳ģֻϧôЩһֱûбֵĻᡣںˣˣһҪץסúñһ¡ 
һҪһµģֲܲշִ硣ΪйˣҲ˵˼ٻ󻰡ջ׻öּ֮ٻ󻰡ջ׻ҲͳһʱУһֺ׼ʽϣЩʽϣ᲻˵ּٻ󻰡ջ׻˵ôԴжһǷˮƽǷ졣 
Խܿ﷦ζļٻ󻰡ջ׻ȴܽĲɡﻰȻҲĲɷеԣǽͶѣֻܲһЦΪǳ֮ڣ˵Ժһһֻʵӡ󣬲òʲôôŪûǡЩٻ󻰡ջ׻Ȼ﷦ζֹȴʵã˭Ҳ˵ԣ˭Ҳ˵áҪܸ˴ʵݡһ˵ҲԸ˵ּٴ׵Ļȴֲ˵Ĳ̫ŨĻֻ֮һ¡ 
ߵ̨ǰʱеվｲҲеһǶѵѵĵŲŲȻ̬ʾԼĴݲȡ 
չݽһ˲䣬ѧӰ濴ҪԱǵӣ۾̨ɨһۡȻͷһ£һҺһɤӡΪԼɤǺܺõģ־ҺĳɫѣƵĸߵУ֣Ȼٴ˵ 
𾴵ĸλ쵼λͬ£Ůʿǣǣ 
ҪƸǷƿƳһְ 
һǴëʱˣѧαѧë󶫡Ե˹ɡ£ͲŬʵֿżɽķ硣һ䣬ɨһۡĿԵúƽͣƽ֮һֳȺš 
ΪʲôҪƸλأ 
ʾ棬Ҫؽ˷Ŀĺ塣ּҺʤδְأһҶҪѡűȽ̵ʶǰѾˣͲ׸ԡڶһŹ֮ģе㰮ҧĽֵϰߡĹҲʲôŵ㣬ʡҪҲرҪ˵ĵطڳĸλҳϦദ쵼ͬ£Ըҵﻰ̻¶ҡǳӿΪʲôأΪ˵ʧȥ˻ʧȥֵӵĿܣʱܵǵȻرֵˡ 
һѺö˶ŪеĪ۾еһҪ˵ʲôʱһһת֪Ѿһʮˡһͨɲ˵ͺεĻˡܹƸɹĻҵУҲͬһرӦֵϧһ顣 
ǲ֪һǴȷͦȤġ 
һһʮϧ֯쵼ҵᣬʮϧͬǶҵΣһȫȫ⣬ҵҵݹڳĸλ쵼ͬǶҵ 
ţֽƸɹԼְ𣬷ּ˵ 
ݽҪټٴżƣһֶĿһ£ͬӡ󡣴ҵУԿһݽܵġ   
22   
ǡ     
ʮ 
Աϲϵȫĵطá 
ڡɾӡʧ֮һ߲ѻеԱôƯġС㡱سԼǰԼȴԲɡһڲõۿźóԵĶǰȴҧһ˰ɥأѵԼˣ𣿻ϳʲôأɣƽʱڼʱǿԵѽʱͦ͵أôһɾӡֵطͲأϻһϵԭ򣬵ҪĿ»ǻ⣬⡣ƵģֻҪһֵطͻеţһͲʹҲԼԼǮˣһץסǮͷ£Ҳܵ˵ģʲôأԼԼһֵطܻǽţܻǲСеǾҷظӵʱ򣬲Լ涼ЩˣʲôµأһֵطͷЩըܻе㺦¡ 
ܽʧܵԭһԼʼ˽һʶۡõķ˵ΪԼǸعصˣҪƽѡúºûͬǲ׵ġõķ˵أΪԼʲã֮ܶΪԼǲʺֵطµġ 
һ֪֮ȴΪ֪֮ġ룬ҪôаȫеĵطóˣҲɣ 
ôʲôطаȫأȱܵ뵽˼Ϊ˽أӦаȫеĵط뷨һ־̱ˡԭܼ򵥣ܡС㡱ƯЩɫҲʰͦɾģչǲ֮ôܰѲɾĶؼۼͥĴأǿɳܵģڼ£ǿǿɳܵˡ˵ҪѡС㡱ؼңͱϰຢѧʱ򡣴С㡱ؼңھǿһ۵ġһ֪ô죿ͻݵģͻݵҲġǿɷ죬ɷԼĴϺͱŮҸ㡣ôᣬôͻݣǳذôҲİӵһҲˡ͵Ƭ̻ã˵ĺģƽһɫʵ飬ֻڱ֤ͥǰ²ġ 
֮ܶ¼ȫģֻ£ڼȫģҲӦõġ 
϶ǲˡôбʲôȫĵطأ 
ȥһµͷͷֳˡҪôӣ 
뷨һ֣֮ͬ𣬺ܿԭԣӣ 
һ룬ӵλҪƫԶһ㣬ҪСһ㣬Ҫһ㣬ֻҪܰһŴС 
һ뵽Ҫⷿӣһʶؾ뵽ЩϢ֮ĵط 
ǰϢҵոʱֻȵôҡһտʼʱʶͽܡһдšϢĵطЩмһˡź濴֮;ЩЦôһӣһνϢ˱һ绰ö֮⡣ﰵ룬˭Ҫⷿ򷿣Եȥ˽⣬ԺͬǴ˭ǮǶأЩ쿪 
һôֻ⾰Ϣҵʢˡ·һҹ֮䣬һеĴС۵ĵطð硰Ϣ񲿡Ϣġ﹫˾һĳǳд۷ݺй򹤵ȸϢСڰڽ·ϣԱ߲ĿģϢĴ·˵ߣԱפۿЩҪеõĳϢĹ˿͡ 
ʱһ룬ҵܵȷͼİɣȻôôأĿǰǵϢʱˣýϢԴϢǽǮ 
ʹһãϢǺ޹ϵģȲⷿӣֲʲôȲйҲӦС²ؼûκθϵˣÿڽֱߵЩϢʱԳмһ˵顣 
룬ԼȻҲҪⷿˡҪ֪һЩⷽϢⷿôխֵطȥһʱͲ˽⵽ⷽϢǣͱԿ뷨Ϣһط 
ȵһҲԶϢġ˵ģʵһٽַӵ̨һ񲿶ѣƽסСӪƣñӵ¿Сй˹õļ 
һȵСڰϿ˿ûкʵģͽΪܵõϢΨһһ˵ݸһһǼǲòʵ棺ĺڰϵĲࡱһַ˷Ȼһޣɨ˵뿪ˡ 
һ·һڴһͰСƽдšϢ񲿡˽ȥСм̫̫ġ 
һӡУ̫̫еСҪôǿг˴ŵĵطҪôǾίİ칫ص㡣һԼǲߴ˵طûɵĿʵϢ񲿣 
̫̫һĻеԳ˵ӣеúĿ˵˽ķ°ɣ 
һ˵ⷿӷġһŻ֯һëµ̫̫ͷĻһƾɵҪɢ˼ӵӵĳҳһǼǲһǰ 
һַ˷沢ûжݣûзҪֱ׼ġطµǼǲ̾˿ʧ˳ 
˵طûʲôջ񣬵һû˶١СݣҸС㡱澡Ѱ֣ջ̫ˡΪʵԸߵ·ʲôأ 
һĴϣ·߼޵Ĳ棬һֿϤϢ塣һĿָʾƵָ£ٽֵһ¥ĺҵһ﹫˾ĵط 
ȻطҪǰ濴طĵθࡣ߽ܣǽһɳԲд̨кüˡһʮŮд̨ת绰֪ν﹫˾ϰ廹ǹԱһԸϰ壬Ϊ̸£ʸһϰ塣 
һŮϰתοţݵ˽ȥ 
·˵㣬ееۣ⹤ÿЪЪš첲תεķϣӾܵչţܵţνתеʼˡ 
Ůϰ绰֮ʣһϾ飬ź̽Ŀ⣬ļһһ 
ɳŮһһ۾Ϳʮа˾žƽܵ켣ڴɫĵطרǮνС㡱ǡǵﻹ¶˳էηӺ;̫Ϳ֬Ĩۺ͹ֱ¶ķȣʾǲֵıԺͷŵ 
ݵصվһˣҲʮĹ⾰ЦȴͬͯһĴɡǹѰʲôҪڶԱ˵ 
˳Ůϰ壬ŮϰæŴ绰ĿԼϣһֱֱָһָָסȻǸˣһߴ绰һ߻ڹ۲Լ֡ 
תŮһͷһŤζȣ֪˵ʲôĻأ 
һֻһţǾͰĿͶһˡ伫ƵĴɵЦݿһ૵˵ת꣬Ϳ֧ˡ֪˵ʲôҲػˡЩ꣬˴򹤵ˡ 
˵Ļʱϲûʲôĵı飬ԾִɵЦݡ 
һһοһˣ˴ɵЦݡЦݵ˵ͷԵļ򵥡˷׷ӵͷԼ򵥵עŪԿϵǱȻģԹ߿಻ܲñ˵ͬ飬Ʋ 
һĿģûһͬı飬Ųźס˿ڡ 
Ůϰµ绰Ů˵ϵˣȰϢѽ˰ɣ 
˵գеһŮóһʮԪĴƱݸŮϰ塣һΪŮϰһһЩǮŶ˶϶Ǽٱ֮־ͷŽ˳ûҪһص˼һʱﾪȣԭϢôأʱһŲòϢҵĿ࿴ 
Ů֮Ůϰתе㲻ͷضǸ˵ģͬ⻹ǲͬ⣿ 
Ȼһ֮ǰǾѾ̸һˡʲôû̸ף 
˵һɵЦݣ˵̫ˣͶٿǮתһζָп˵ҵ۾ֵٿ飿Ǯٲ˵õλ֪ˣЦѽ 
ֱûʲôȴҪӣɶҲȴַŲ¼ӵˣһпĶࡣɱĵط̫ˡʵǿߵ£ûϣûʵӡ 
һԸٿǿͰ͵ӣͰתһȥ 
ŮϰӲͷ˵߶ˣͬ 
ҲǼ֣Ůϰ巢ˣҲû˵ˣС˵ߵݹȥʮǮϢѡ 
ŮϰǮŸ֪ԼȥɣӰԺǵžһ˵ˡ˴һޣ˯ͦ 
ԭӰԺģ˵˵һ޵ˣǲܶ 
̫ˣ˼ҾôҪģ˵ʲôأҪ˵Լ˵ȥ 
˱˼Һǳһ٣û˵ˣˡ 
ǷŮϰһ䣬̾˿һԼ΢Цһʲô£ 
һ÷ŵǸһ˵ˣҪŮϰǰΪصӡԵŮϰʱһׯصýׯϵ飬Լⷿ׼ԣһһسһ顣 
Ůϰ˵˵ǡǰһ˵ı׼Ǻϡ 
óǼǲһӵλáС⡣һ¾İͬ⿴ϢѣŮϰϾʹ绰緿һһԼصͷ档 
ǾƳһסլ¥ 
λùȻƫƧһһ޼ʵĵ¥Ķ¥һ¥ݵһһţŵһСұһң䣬СҺͳǺܾɵ֣ǽ¹εĴףɾá 
죬дݣ𣬷Ӿˡһж˳һжѸ١ 
ķԿףıڣһȻһԸԳСǵģһܵĲ֮ˡֲᱻ֪С˵϶ׯ֮ȱݻǼ˹ͬĵط˽̶ܳԶԼСݡ뵽һ㣬͸ӵˡ   
23   
ǡ     
ʮ 
˹ݡСģֻͣͣȵƣྶĹ˿͡żҲо㷹֮ɤӷҪ׸ˡӰһĻϰ¶첲¶ȶŤӾװŮֽʱܿۡ 
ֵĸоǽϵŮȻÿģᶯģŮ˲ŸʵСźǣĻȻˣֻԶԶżƳһۣվڿ˸ǰءǴˣòеġ룬Լ֪ôӰû˵ʱԼһͣͣڸǰϸۿǸжѽ 
ǣûп˵ʱ־ԱС̡ 
СЦףʰˢ롣 
־˵ǲңҲء 
Сû˵ˣߵӰǰĵظȰĸĸ˵߸ʾĩԼֲ顣 
ֲٵ׵ĴⱿ׾һЩСָ£ѧˡ 
ûб˵ʱ־ڵӻǰŶȣһߺȲ裬һ͵ŮȻԵá 
29Ĵʵ磬ټVCDЧŮϵëġŮǸ̵β鲻Խȥһ£ĻϵľŵϽ 
˼ӾװŮֲ֮ˣֵȥƵȥͲˡ 
糿ճȥ˲ˣճ̨Լ򵥵͡ 
緹֮ʱûбһվڱ̨ϣһ̣߳һ͸¥Ϲ 
һ¥¥ͷڵ̨úܽΪ¥ͷ泯߳óһƣ¥ͷӿ˴̨һ¥ͷһסһֺס¥ĸо 
ʱԼߵң̫ˡӶ¥Ⱥ¥նﴩ¥ͿһƵɫʡ糿ɫһůڵĸо 
¥¥¥£һҰһҵؿš 
ǼҵĴǸո𴲡ŶǼң̨ͣŮĲִǰæţеںǸ֡Ǽңһֱ̨ͷŤתڶ壬ϵĹð¥ǰ¥ԶԶưһ峿֡ 
ſţֵǰȻһֻ¥̨ϳһƯŮˡŲ̊ǰ˫ƿ̨Ĵбţһͷ㷢ˢһӴȻһ£ţһľ˳ 
еƶŮΪʲôҪŴͷأҪһʿΪ˰ͷ棬ʡõﻹʰأ 
Ůͷ̬ŤͷԽԳĲͼӭ̫һһļӰͷظţţԽԳͷ˳ֵİ𪡣 
һ˫̰۾ĿתؿŮˣա 
־ŮôƯأӰҲ˶£룬ŮΪʲôôƯأƯŮ˶ܵˣǳϸϸĺƯأ 
ͬʱҲΪŮ˵Ĵ󵨸е𾪡ŮֻһֻڵزС£ǰԲļ粿첲жƤȫô¶šͷ첲һ̧һ̧ʱصС¾һһġ⵱վб·֣ͼǰװ׵ĵײһ¶һ¶ġ 
ֽһĸ첲̧һ㣬صСһ㣬ĵײٶ¶һ㣬Ǹжۣ 
ڡ˹ݡǽϣϵŮڵĻ֣ãӰŮǶġģǰŮȻ续ϺӰô¶ȴһˡΨǻˣֲŸ޷ܵ 
ֱֱؿţ˼š 
ſţܲһ¥¥¹۲ţһ˲˵̨ʱͣˡǶܿǸŮģֲᱻ¥¥µ֣һ¥ǡûˣƽ̨ǽſ 
ѡǡôĵط֮־ͶǸŮ 
ʱŮ˰ľỻһֻҲŲתˡһţһ¥¥µؿšһǡþͰֿˡ 
һŮĿ˷ܶҽţǱʶϣŲźء 
ŮһŹֵӣϽתͷȥ 
ʱŮ˵ɷҲ̨ˡӺסļϡƣĿͶ¥¥£֮Ҳ֡ 
Сһ˶ϱֹڵһӻˣһ䡰ġתҶûбʲôͶ־Ͱѵϵһವһ±㳯һͶһ㣬ˡ˹ݡĴϡǴڴϣһѴ򻵵ġ 
СӴһ£ȴûһţһҪ¥֣ȴϱסˣ˵ˣ˸ɶ͵û¡ 
СϱĻ룬Ҳǵģô˵˼Լ˼Ҹʲô˭ܹܵأȥˣִˣԼҲýǴ˾Ҳ˵¡һ룬ҲͰˡ 
ûˣǱֿŻˡ֪Ϊ飬С¥˵ֺݣ򡣸µ￪ˣԼûˣûһһ죬ĵġ 
˵СӣȻʱû֣ºȴڡ˹ݡǰǰת˺üءͨ͹۲죬֪һסġ 
µʱȻûôȴպִ鷳   
24   
ǡ     
ʮ 
磬һȺ÷ݡȥ 
ǽġȡֵβ֣һ÷һһ͵÷ݡǶʮͣ˳úã磬ͷرϸ£ܻ٣һ˿Ӳëݣ˵ϸĻһǲȵġǸɻ˵һܡԼõƷԺʵķӮڶ˿͵ĺøСȥĿǶһСʱȲϸʱҲԸ⵽ȥССȴãĹ˿ġȽ֮£ٽԵˡ 
Ⱥȥһؾͳ˻ͷְͣһˡ 
Ĺ˿ͦ࣬һҪһϡ 
ڿſڵĵϣ͸ŲȺֽԵֻµһ磬ֱ̾ϵˣ 
ſģǰԵġеĽϸػش 
ԣ̷һϴߵϹڡϵ˺üˡԭдôˡʮľˡôöģ˵͸ˡ治֪Щ˵Ĺٶôġ˾ͷˣµľسɣУһ꣬ⲻֻµ˵׼컹ðأ治֪ôġ 
һһ˽˵ڣ͵ڣĶǮȥѽЩ˵ԶƷ֣ͦġ˭˵㣬˭ôһʡ·̻ЩȥԵģڲҲҲԡĻдһˡȥˣԵûȳͻһ磬ͺͺģ۶¥ڣʲôڣǸתм䣬ǰĵܣ˵ǻ˺üʮȥ˵ǲͰ˲ƣôڡ 
Ǹϴߵ˵ʲôأСӹҼҶˣһһǿɶϰյǮģѵϰԷ⣬ȴǮˮƯ̫Ĳˡ 
һóԼһֵݸȺһ֧ˣһڣЦ̫̫ɱô廹ԼǮΣǿɲġ 
ϴ̾һϰֻܱ߶߶ʹʹ졣涯ˡˣҲҲųġ 
Ⱥ˫üԳһ˼״˵ϹڣäĿĿظ裬ЩǱ󡣡Դأһ棬ڵĵطԱĻ̫ˣ쿴طô㣬ͦãŸ㣻쵽ĵطһΪôҲ˼Ǩû׼⡣һ棬н迴üţ׳ˮ̣ԵطԱԸڳн¡˭˭ⷽ־̰󣬺ôϲϲɡܵطĿȴһһϡǮǹҵģȴǸ˵ģ̰أܴһ㡣ôĺôܲ𡭡ûԼȨضΪõȨȨһ͸ϵһ𣬱ضͻܡ˵ףϵ⣬ϵ⡭ 
һõᣬӦǾЭչᡣط͵طԱץýͬʱӦץۺϹŬһƽỷṫˣĲŻṫĹˣǲܹԾԸطʵϵᡣ᲻ʧ⣬ΰȸΥҼ͡ɹƭ¾Ͷˣڱ深ٵı󣬾ͻ⡭չӲǿչͬʱӦǿȫ򣬾ͻеĻ𳵣ʩûϣȴһ٣ͻ°ȫ 
Ⱥһۣһ룺й˭˵أ˵أһתȥĴš 
С󣬿ҲͶʮƽ׵ӡΪӪһֿĸоЧǽϰװ˼ƬĲӡһһ棬ǶȣصܿüԼ 
ſţһͻ룺ԼǸҲװϼĴӣԼ͡С㡱µʱܴӲͬǶȿ壬Ǹöۣ 
뷨һ֣ǿҵסܿö⣬ԣǸСװϼӡСռСװϼӣܰǽռˣЧá⣬С֮ݣ춼ûˣ֪Ըá 
һԽԽ⡣ͻУСһ֣ˮ 
޽ˮסкöųӣִ߽רŰװӵˡһпͷãֻҪǮʲô¶˸ 
ڶϢһ͵ķǶȥˡ 
һֻڽվһ̵֧Ĺ򣬾ƳӰװӵˡǷ޴ĿӣֻһСʱͰװˡ 
ǽϵİװˣһеܲﶥҲһ飿 
еɫȷǻûﶥϰءԸŹǮĻᣬһһŻ˵Ҳֻ̫ܰѾװѿҪһЩ̫ѣҪҲðСһģҪšݶõˡ 
һҲ֪ﶥϰװѶһ󣬷øߵȻģšݶȻáظеģһж˵㣬ôôøöپͶ١ 
װʱһҲµذæ˷˺һӾ㰲ˡ 
ͬһ˼һӰװôӣǻͷһءɻǮȻˡǸеǣôһСﰲװôྵʲôôأȻûֱ⣬ɻһһ㡣һͶǽ˵̫Сలװ㾵Ӹоͱˡ󲻳ԭ򣬾ֻһĽ͡ 
Ӱװˣһֵгһ˫˴ġˢᣬµĲࡣ־гϵʽȼҾгĴҪ˵öࡣϾǼýʡĻҪʡġ 
Բ⣬һҪʵΪ治ʵʵ˯ĵطҪ֣̣οôľأԣʱվ棬˲ȣ˼£о㹻ʵģŷġ 
һж׼׵ˡ򿪱ϵĲʵƣӨġˮһЦˡ   
25   
ǡ     
ʮ 
վǰ㳡ҹĵƹм貣м롣 
һȲŸϳĴҴңҲ޵鰲꣬ԵáԶƣΣ۾ڹ㳡ѲѰĿ꣬è⶯Ѱζһ 
ˮ֮һͼɴؿʼҡС㡱ˡ뵽ľǡɾӡġľС㡱ֻͨ˵Ѿȥʡǣ粻ڡɾӡˡԣһվ·ߣĿңһĨĺɫ̣ľС㡱Цòָǰ·𿴼ʡĳһűʲôˣвһһ뵽Ҳһһǿҵʧбͷ˺һŽشѳ 
ľС㡱ˣһ뵽ˡõ֮ҡġ˼С㡱Ƕһõ֮ҡš¥⡱ȥ¥գټѰ 
ӡõ֮ҡ֮һԾɲġǱʶƺϷҪҵһС㡱ءˮɡ˵վǰһġС㡱ܶ࣬ͦ˵ģֻǵεһ㡣ҲȻģһһǮһֻɶɶǮ뵽վǰһͼˡһ棬ǳں棬뿪۽磬ԶߵԹˣ뵽·ߵСԲɶζһ棬ҲһġС㡱ǷߡܸˮȥĻεһ͵һ㡣ʱһе㼢ʳˡ 
Ҫߵ㳡ʱԶԶؾͼһʮŮӭŮҲһһҲڶҲѰĿꡣĿÿĵˡ 
أһǸŮ߽ˡ˶ڶԷǹѲҵԼĿӿߵһ𣬾ع˽ͷ 
Ҫס𣿡Ůѹʵ 
𣿡һҲѹʵ 
С 
˵⻰ʱ˶ղЦˡ 
Ǯ 
ʮǮ¡ 
ּۻۡ 
һ˵⻰ʱ򣬽ŲûֻͣԵطһЩһ棬ĵطԸ̫ԣ»СĽһΪáһ棬֪ʲôг̵һֻҪ㶵ǮǴүЩһҪ׬Ǯ˾ͻƵģعź˵װ´ӣֻŮ׷ź 
Ůڹ㳡ѾתһСʱˣ˶ٸˣ˺ö࣬Ҳûһˡһл˿׷أΧ˿ûʲôڸǰתӿһýƵ˵£ȥ¡ 
զ 
Уã⡣ 
һŮ˵ܸȥеط 
Ƕ£ǶҲȫھ¥ûȥġ 
һҡҡͷ˵УǶе㺦¡ȥвУо͸ȥоˡһͨ뺡 
Ů˼һ̬ǿӲϾЭˣУȥҲСּһȥٵһٿǮ 
ظֵһЭˣУһپһ١漴ҲһǵǶһˣһʱ벻״̬ 
ʵһ˵ǮǮ٣ôģĵǡС㡱ܸܲȥȥܲǶһ 
һּۻۣ˫̸ˡ 
Ϊ˲˵ע⣬һŮǰߣԼּվһΣת˱˴һξ룬һǰһվǰһ¥ȥ¥£һ־ػͷûʲô쳣ŸŽ¥ 
һǵһεֵطִ˵ټḻֵطȺее־塣Խ¥ߣԽеһЩùҺͰࡣδ󺺣һݣ󺺾Ҫһ󺺳ͻһȭأϵǮȫߣȻһһŽ߳⡭ 
һȻеţȴôԥʱе֪ɽлƫɽеľͷԭСųΪԼȡͬʱοԼϹĥԼŻԼأȻҲһ顣ʱһϷĿˡ 
ʵ֤һĺ˼붼ǶġһһĿֻڷһɳһʮŮˣһ֯ë£һںһͱСһЩŮ˵׵ǽչƵ£ԽԵô࣬ͣмܰգͨסһ޶δ󺺸СһڣûʲôС㡱ģˡ 
һɻԼǲǱ˵طȴǸһŮ㱨Ƶĺ֯ëµŮ˵ҪߣһٿǮҪҸСģúÿġ 
֮֯ëŮ΢Цߵһǰ˵µȻһвԼ 
˵͵ķ绰ȥˡ 
һһ죬ȻһС㡱һһǲ󣬿ɳȴһ㣬ѿҲÿһ΢΢һü 
һһôͬ⣬֯ëŮ˾ͰС㡱ˡ漴ִ绰һ 
һһҡҡͷ˵ˣ첻ˣ˵ɡ 
һô˵ţȴûߡ 
֯ëŮ˼һǲͬ⣬Ȱλ磬£úõģҲϱأþ£Ҹ˵ʵɣվǰû̫ÿģСֺÿģϴƵϴԡȥˣΡ 
ʱһЩìܣһɣûģô˰ɣе㲻ġһ뵽ǸˮҪҸС㡱ȥԽСָоСʱòһ·Ҫеشһֺ׼һϯϣѿ뵽ĸƵġ 
һԥʱ򣬺֯ëŮһ˵ǸŮ߹λ磬ʱģһеεģĶˡ 
Ů˵⻰һͺһ룺ѵҲǡ 
ʱ֯ëŮһָŮ˵㿴 
һѿ˵ܸȥ𣿡 
Ůһһ⻰֪ˡȷһһݿ˵һۣͶŮĲ˺øСȥŮʮ꣬һɫȹеƤӰ𪣻΢΢е㷢֣ӷףȹİ£ԽԳزķβʵԸУ糤ͺڷʸ߹̬ׯ 
һӡŮҪôŮϰ壬ҪôǮ˼ҵĹˡŮȻϲ̫ᣬ̴棬Ըʮ㣬г֮ǱġŮܸ߰׽ӽˣ˵ǰŮĿʱһһľϲ 
֯ëŮ˶ĳƺϣһ֪С㡱žꡣ 
һžС㡱⣬ȥĥһǾͶ֯ëŮ˵Ƕһ 
೤ʱ䣬˵ɡ 
һֱ쵽ŵˣ˵ʮǰɡ 
͸ɴ޵£޶ٿǮ˵գ֯ëŮתʡžС㡱ӣ㿴вУ 
⡰žС㡱һӡͦã޻ܶǮʹؾͬˡ 
һֿһۡžС㡱ǼԸеβѶٿǮû£¾ͺԥ˵޾ͰޣپͶ١ 
˫˵֮֯ëŮһٿǮֺ͡žС㡱һֹһһ˵ĺǶٿǮô¡޹أڸǰţͶԿ˷¥һǡžС㡱Ҳ 
·ߣһֽһ⳵˾굽ˮȥ 
һһ۶ûó⳵ֱӿˮ¥£ҹգһ·Ǹͣˡ³˳ŹߵСһܵطˡ 
ƵĿǲáС㡱ԼҵԷһС㡱ץʱ򣬹طγܲ࣬ԼҲҵ 
ҹɫܺáһбҹУϵľϡʡһ͡žС㡱µС·ϡ 
ڳ⳵ϵʱ˾ڸǰйܵĽӴںˣֻˡƫƧĵط˺٣ż·ҹɫ֣Ҳѱ˴ˡһ仰ˡһڡС㡱ƨһѣʵоüˡ 
õҹɫӵһ˶һøоѽ˵ʵڵģԼ֮⣬һδͱŮҹСɢأȻ䣬·ԼһֻصʮǰҵֳĸоȻûгǰʥ࣬ȳ 
һϲžС㡱˵ʼʱզûأ 
һشʵ˵һһ۾ͿˡҼģʡŴ磬ǡС㡯Ůϰ壬߾Ǯ˼ҵĹˡ￴ˣû˵ 
С㡱һ⻰㣬Цö˶˵йࡣ 
С㡱˵˴һϺȻӹһ˿Цˡ࡯ˣôһأתһ룬һУôܺӴϣôܺأ 
ˮڷۺɫ͵ĵƹ£ĶĲӻ෴䣬صԶ䣬½룻źŨˮζһġˮ 
һУžС㡱סˡȻǱˮ쾰󾪴ˡ 
һ״иˣȴʵιôˣ 
һôһʣС㡱ŴӾѹһ滷ܣһʵĿ˵ôװôӵأе㻨ӡ 
һֵ⡢Ժ˵ôܣֻ˵òðɣ 
ã̫ˣдѽ 
д⣿㻹ͦʶء 
һ˶ΪࡰС㡱ĻʱȽϵͣȻǵðôһʱֵĻ´˵ͣףԣһЩһ˾üֺЦ 
úúѽһһ˵һ͸ȹڡС㡱ƨһѡ 
˵գһȥ˳׼õ㽶һƤݸ˵Ե㶫һżеʱ䡣 
һ仰ǸС㡱˵ģǶԼ˵ġʾԼɾ񣬲ҪšΪֻ֪״̬£ܹȡóɹ 
ں棬һ˽һҲһʶǸˣ󣬷·ŮˣһһĵоԸ˵¡пõĺö;úˣαҪʷͳ׷Դأ 
еǰڹˣдһдˣ͸ˡ 
ÿһλ˶һĻԽ⣬žС㡱Ӧøеġɹۡƽʱһ⣬ϰν֮⣬ܵģǰʮǮԼ;һʮ顣ò˵˸ѵáƽʱĿˣһӴԻģ仰û˵꣬ͶʳرҪһλʱģ˰òѰϣ˰ᡣǸ㽶ƤΪˢΪˮ龰ж 
һأԡС㡱ܸˮҲĴмģ˼ԼԼ͸Ӧƴ˼ҡ 
С㡱˵ʮꡣЩʮġС㡱ǣԴ˵㣬úãʺãƤϸ壬΢֣ǿңһ 
ƫԶε˽סأ˰ȫУڡˮܰĻõչټϡС㡱ǰڹϸµλһڽ״̬æԡС㡱˵أ 
С㡱ƵģѽˡԳζ㺦ѽôأ 
ˡС㡱⻰һﱾܵһϲǱʶϣû⡣Ƕ䱡ȴһĤͬѥоܲáڡɾӡʱ򣬡С㡱ҪǶҲ顣һƻ˼ҵĹأҲܱ֤İȫȻñŤҲûܾڣС㡱ԼûǶֲľʹգÿðһգÿʵʵظһءҪľһֺ޸Ĥиоֻܹ˵֮⣬ռйŮˡ 
һҪðһˡôģܻǲ̤ʵҵֵĸοԼ̽ĿʵƽʱҲ𣿡 
Ҳûã˶ԸãҲ״ʱɴͲˡ 
û¶𣿡 
¶ϴϴ£һҲûɶ¶ûвҲܿˡ 
С㡱ôһ˵һĵľͼ˺ܶࡣʱ̬ͺЩ̰еơ룬ô˶ô¶ıϾôþ䵽ԼأǱһֽҵһȫ˷ 
ھˡɾӡʧ֮ڳɹˡ 
֮⣬ĳԹŮˡǸоϣƺԼҲûʲô𡣵Ȼеǳ㣬ΪǱŮˡһ֪ԼΪʲôָо˰ɣôŮأŮǲҲҪ͸˷ϵԸأŲɣŮܸͬɣ˱Ů˱̣Ҫõĵ̣̱ȴһԸȥռ 
һ͡С㡱ʱһսʿֻһ·ƴɱͷＸһƬհסһжֹͣʱָֻ˼ʼԼ˵㿴ˣ˵ӡǲͦģ 
ȷʱģһǸˡ 
ʶҵˣΪǺģԼҲһˡ˭뵽ʱ˿̣ȴأɼûˡ 
С㡱΢΢һЦип˵Ƕ뿪ˡ 
һһ⻰ҡͷ룬ôü򵥵ġ뿪ˡ͡벻أȻá뿪ˡΪԼΪѡߡ޷⣬ֻǸп˵ôأôأ˵ڻк𣿡 
ôûкأ㲻ǺȻ£ȻǺˡء˵ţһǵһ¡ 
ɱ˵Ǻˣѽ 
Ǿ˵ǻ󻵵 
˵ǻأ־еί 
ô˵أ˵ǲòˣ 
Ҳ֪Լźʡ棬ҵǺìܵġʱԼΪԼΪ䣬ɳܿɱʱԭԼΪֱԣҲɼѽʱΪйϵĴ̼㣬ʱΪԼĵɥ㷲ʱܹĻҵԸصǴаͯʱȥ   
26   
ǡ     
ʮ 
ҹʮһӣһҵĵ绰ͻȻ 
ôˣ˭أһЩƶһͲһİ˴µιһ𣿡 
ѽ˭ѽ 
ɳġ 
ɳһظһ飬Ӹеƶ̽ 
һץ참ľһɳ֣һʶ룬ǲԼҵĸС㡱ӡԼȥˣתһ룬ܰԼûĸС㡱˵Լʵգû˵Լҵĵ绰밡ʱһءԼǿģͰ̽̽͡ʵСʲôѽ 
ʲô£˵ʲô£ǿģǿҤѽ 
仰һӽҲĪΪҤǺ͡С㡱йصģʲôϵأԼҲûڷʲôѽǾĵʵ˵ʲôʲô˼ѽ 
ʲô˼װͿˡ 
˵仰ӵ绰˺תȥűʲô˵Լ˵ɡ 
žһڵ绰ÿ˵һѽԲ㣬Ұˡ 
һֵ֪ԭֳˡ 
ųԼ¶ĿܣһŵһһӾˡ뵽ֵ׷ʲôأ 
Ǹڵ绰˵ĿҤֻ֮ƬһƺӦò³ʲôˣô£ûڵ绰ϸʡ룬ҪȥģȥҲʲôˡǱڵ绰ﰲοż壬ȥ 
һɳ 
һţڳͳһҽ˵һǷǴ绰ҵǸˡ 
գһָһֶնյľ죬ܵǵĺ 
һսܣæߵǰͷͺ֣Ǹûֵ˼һΣ˻ 
Ŷȣؿб۾һһ۵شһʷƵ˵Ǹʲô˹ݡ㿪ģһ˵ʲôּ˵潻֪֪ڷ 
ʲô潻ʲôһƶǶʵ 
ӵ۾ȵװʲôͿǸʦһ죬㲻֪𣿡 
£һȫˡ֪أϽǷʦϼҵھӣûطססڷʲô֪ۣأô¡ 
˵ðɡȻһӻ֣ȥ 
˵գǸһ˸ڡֻǽǴһůϡһ֪࣬ǱĻԼġ 
һ־صͷݺᣬ˵һѽԲ㣬ˡȾȶɡ 
ԭסڷϿ˶Ժһû¡ʱӿˣҲˣŵȥ 
ũ֮رУûĿں֮вרڸ̣еҹǰˡÿҹĻٵʱ򣬽޺˸ƻԻͣ˳ŴȥƮһ㡣 
ҹȻã֣ȤģǽϵЩŮǡ 
ʱ䵽ļΪͼˬЩǶٵ㣬㡣ЩŮǣ˵ͼˬ˵ǽˬʩչİ¶ջıԡЩŮǣഺ䣬ɫʻеĴź̵ܶġȹ̵ͬܶĽŤ֮䣬Ƥ¶һЩȲģͲ඼һ˫ĴȾôţʰ۵ĸоһλС˵дġͬƤĴСܲˡȻ߶ģִźܰȹŮǡְɲźܺõ´еȹװܰŮԸβֵüֺʹŮ˵ȷ϶Ȼζʮ㡣Щ긾ŮʶĿĽ׶ڲ֪ѾȥˣǵĿܲôɫҲôʻչʾң˷棬Ǹ󵨣о顣еĴʽȹӣȹÿúܸߣ·÷һһģƨɶҪ¶ˡ÷һһƣ˵ķǷ֮롣 
Ůװ˵ǧ˰̬ʷ׳ʣǹͬصĸǾ͸¶ݡաĿֻһǾˬ£Ա¶չʾ˵ע⡣ 
ϣԼ˵ӣڽһޣһ̰һȡ֪бӰԺǰ档 
˴޵˸࣬ǳֶ֡۾͸ˡ 
⹤־иŮĽһ硣ĹˣԱµĵһŮء 
Щƶ룬ڣһûбʲôˣŮ˭أԼôʶأ 
ɻ߹ȥ˸ǰŮʹԼʮ꣬ȻôÿͿſں죬üĿеޡ΢΢еȴʵôأ 
ŮŲŲӣóطʾ¡ֺŮһ룬ӵˡ 
ŮĿ֮Цزʶ´ټ治ʶ 
һ⻰֪ŮԭҲʶġһŮ޵ӣе㾯衣ͬʱҲΪ⼸ޣ뿪ȴеˡ 
ˣŮʵôһأҴɩôأ 
ϰûˡ 
ɶʱûģ 
ˡ 
⻰Ůָǰ˿˵磬ҸطϢһ¡ 
˵һˡ 
üɡ 
һ⻰Ů˵˼ϵѪҺһӾʹӽŵ´ͬʱæĹˣ⻰ԼʲôƵġ 
ŮļֽŵӣеЦæοú£ûעǡ 
˵⻰ʱֵĸ첲߰ɣ磬û¶£үûڼҡ 
ֽ˷ܣ΢΢е㷢˵Ҳϡ𡭡𡭡ھܾŮϵˮζǺ촽Ǹ߸ߵزǿ 
Ȼʮ⣬廹ܰټһ࣬þûŮˣȻһŮԼζû뵽ĺ¡룬ԼʮˣˣܺôĳŮ˸£Լе޸ء 
룬ܻе㺦¡ 
Ůļֻǲȥ˵ǶǺ£еطҸȥҲС 
⻰ȻЧֵĵһӾʹǶ˱ˡ˹ݡ 
ʵŮԭҲһɵļͥŮɷÿ¼ٿǮ΢룬Ҳǿά֮ҵȥ꣬ɷĳӵˡƫƫɷһҵƹʧҵ֮ʲôҲɣֻڼﱧžƿӺȾƣȶ˾ʹţȥǮŮûʲôܣȻҡû취ǾĨһСһеУ֪ûʲôɫִһûֻܿܰĿѡЩͷϡϵ֮󣬻ȥ쵽ؼҵʱǸԸڹ˵ɷźӳȥ߾һվ۶ڡ 
ʱ£һеⶼΪܰץסĻͷͣʹأԼ֮⣬ûŮˡأǳʣ˻ 
µʱŮ˵ҪһٿǮֲ֪Уԥؾ͸һٿǮŮƽʱһʮʮҲ͵ͷˣһξһ٣ضûϲòˡ 
ֳԵζͲ̿ꡣһϣǸŮĻڡ˹ݡ 
Ҳϣб¥Ǹҡ˹ݡ󴰻СӷˡСӶһֱڻºˣԽ֮ʰ֡Ǿɳ˾ٱ绰ɳ˵ʱǸŮźأͱ׽ù鰸ˡ 
еҡŶȣͷתεĿϣԼ³Ȧݶȥͬʱ۽бһһۣ˹ǻ˵ģҲˡ 
һ潣ǱյģҲûǣΪҸͲ֪ 
¶ȣһڣ۾һɣܲͷ˵ǲŲôأûǲ㿪ķ͹ˡûĥƤӡ潣潣ΰĹ涨ͬһʮ죬ͶͬʱǧǮһһ㿴ôãǾͽ̣Լ˳һ䣬ͽ̶ʲôģɲסùô 
һһ̬ȣƽʱ;˵йؾɳ飬룺ǡ˵塱ˡµ֮ȡȻˣǮͨͨڣȡᴦһ룬ͲٱˣǺǫ˵ 
вУ֪ԣͻȥǮʱ㣬ȡᷢ䣬Ҳġ 
һ⻰ɫԻһЩ˵ðɣȻȥҲܲˡһָݣʵʵش 
һ˵úúã 
һֵݣ˵壬ȴȳȥˣģҲ²ܵġ 
صͷ﷭ȥ˵ͬһ仰ҲáԲһѽ   
27   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һֵºϺ˵ˣûʲôܺͺ˵ϻȥ 
Ϻһ˼˵и˵׼ʹͺĹϵ൱ã˲ǱˣǴǵλίΡ 
һһǳˣ¾Ϻ˸ίᡣ 
ϵ¥ߵڶݾεİ칫ˡһܿķ䣬ʮƽ׵ӡɫĵذ壬濿ǽһϺɫǰһſϺɫд̨ǽǼٽۺɫĸߵƤɳмССڷźüȽĻľɢĵ㡣߽ɵİ칫ңɵ˶˲һ־ηС쵼ǶôеİԽ쵼İ칫ҶԽԽԽԽɡ 
ôôأ 
д̨߱תΣԵú飬ƨȴû뿪λжȣеУеһľ룬쵼ǹõ̬ȡ 
һѡһɳˡģҲԶֿռϵľ˴˵нһεϰµˣҪ쵼˵˽ܵĻȲ̫Ҫ쵼壬Ͳܲ̽ӣ˵칫ҵЧӦȻãԭǺĹϵ˿ȴе㲻̫ˡ 
ɶ£μݵʻʽʾһϵԸ 
칫ﻹλˡһµűĿ˵˵²ʣʶؿ˿ˡһ˼˵˵ɣûϵ 
ôһ˵һҲֻðһһʮ˵һ顣 
ˣ˵ɳĺİɣôҲøҵӡ 
һһˣˣлĩˣ˵óʱûһ۹ˣҪһ١ 
ŪһܾƯֻֻһָλ˵ϺˡǰͷǮóǣԲԸ⡣ 
εĻ˵㣬ЦƵľͰԼ˼ˡ쵼ⷽʡ 
˵֮ƿֻǶֻϵʱ䣬쵽ʮһˣͲϵĵ绰ͨʵ˭ѽ 
绰ǱһŮ˵λѽ 
㻹ѽϹû𣿡 
绰ﴫŮ˿Цҵ˭أԭѽʲôָʾ 
ϻʲô£Է£һҸСţҪÿġ 
µ绰һڳļˣ۾ʹһһЦ˵ûСС㡯ܺȵ¾𣿡 
˵գ˾һЦ 
һһνѾˣкϺҪߡ 
εɶߣ쵽ˣĶóԷأòģôҲ˷ۡ 
һһ̬ȳϿңͬʱҲóԷĻᣬһ˴˸飬Ҳ 
˵գֲ绰˵ðСţû֡ 
˵СǸίṤ̲һʦ½ͬ䡣걾ûдС֣֮ΪελߣԴԾӡ½Ƕ֣ڰټķǴ½½ڴдȴνСӣЦ˼ 
쵼¼Ĺϵһ㶼ǱȽġΪάϣΪ˱һľ롣쵼ʱҲ¼ѡһȽұҲǰ˵Цûʲô˵ΪЦĶ쵼¼֮䣬Ȼ𱰣¼ȴзִ磬Цʰ·磬ˣŪĽɫԸ䵱϶͵ζƷ褴ƸǣһԸһԸΪ쵼һˣЦӣԵԼϵȺڣûʲôӣϲ׽Ū˵Ⱥáڣգ 
µ½ͳġƸǡ 
½һϺԼͷʶݴк֮ߵθǰЦǺǵ˵쵼ʲôָʾ 
ЦСɩӺȾȥѽ 
½˵һ˳һ̶֤ʣȫһԡȻź󲱹ӣһ˼״˵Сɩô֪࣬Ҫҵһѽ 
ιһɵСɩӶɶˣתøһ 
Ǻãллˡ 
˾һ·˵Ц¥ϳԼķȥ 
ɳԶ³ǰ棬һţһӭС͸Ͻӭλ 
θͲС˵ʲôֻšأ 
ӭСһֱϰ֣ɼǵ֪֮ԼӴˣ͸Ͻ¥ȥϰ 
ϰ¥˵Ա˵Сߣֵͦģ˵ͦ壬Ҿ֪磬ȻûתָǸӭС㣬ģʶ㣬´ξͺˡ˵žһ¥ϡ 
ڰãϰһС㡱߽ǰ˵ΣһҪáתֶ˵λС㡯㣬 
´һֻС㡱Ҳڶʮ꣬Ҳ⣬ͻعͷϰ˵ˣûˣæȥɡ 
һˣҲˡȾƵʱáС㡱źȣС㡱С˵ԼȾơһͲˣһС㡱̬е㲻̫ͣ㲻ȾɶˣȥȥȥϽˡ 
һ£ϰ֪ˣ°һС㡯 
»ġС㡱ȻȷǸԴ㣬ȴӭϣ糤̣κˡ 
ֵ½𱭵ʱ򣬸˶ˣˡС㡱Ƕ룬ԼʮˣһСС͵ġС㡱ʲôأԸأһûоƣû 
μˣװһֵӣ˵С治£һͣһˡҵˣСɩӵء 
ǡС㡱Ҳ곡Ϸһ˽Сɩӣ˳վһߣɷнµذǻ˵ҿС°Ҳ治ô˵ԼЦ 
½һС㡱ССҲ͵سСӡֺֺЦʹҪ׽Ū׽Ūһ˵㵱СɩˣûȽأڲϡ 
һͦȤͶµԶԣúȽơ 
θϲ֣ЦضƱ첲ǡС㡱ҲҲƱ첲ιһ𣬺һơơ 
ȲʣáҲԼľƺˡ 
½һκ͡С㡱۰׵ĸ첲һԼҲšС㡱ţȴдܣеɶʣҪҲۣŻƽЩǱ˵ƺˣøǮġ 
һװȻӣæ˵ԶԶԣøǮ 
˵ţȴ͡ԱߵİͷȻܵæ˵˵ߴ¶ͳǮ 
˵һţһžС 
һոµʮԪƱӱǡС㡱Ķ 
С㡱Ǯˣ͸ˣŴ˼ֱȵСΣԵøˡ 
ΪСС㡱ɹȡ֣˺ȵҲر𳩿죬رˡ 
ͷϣκȻ쳤ӣŤתнؿšС㡱زüۣԳƶ˵ôأ·򿪣ôҿĻǼٵģ 
һ⻰ͷ¶аЦݣкϷɿԼʮǮҲûа׻ϺҲͲñ۸ֻġС㡱Ͼͷ½ֻ룬ּ͵׽ŪһȻҲҹС㡱ġû׽ŪǣûǵѿҡС㡱ǲµģҡС㡱ĹУȴǽµġ֪С㡱Ӧǰ־棬ΪһѺ 
ʵϣһĵȫǶġεҪС㡱ֵںǺɵؾͽ⿪£С£װ׵Ķð˳ 
һ˶̽ӣŲӣĿתضϺֱҪˮ½Լûȥ 
һ⸱̰һ˵յôɶһģˣˣģɣǿˡ 
˶Цˡһȴе㲻ζ 
С㡱εĻչһС£ϵŦۡ 
һС㡱ô˳ˣͷµǮǮϽǮ׿ 
еһͷϽóһʮǮƱӡ 
һһƱӣµǿͷ 
ͷ˵ѽ 
ε͸һƱ𣿸Ͻٸһţһͷһš 
ͷЦóһšһͷЦֻͷǳʮʮģǮȫء 
ΰһɣЦʮʮͷĸ 
һ仰˵ôһôЦ 
극ϰ͵ſڡתͷ˵ôæɣ 
ϰ첻żңæˡ 
Цÿ㣬ɱҡС㡯ôˣҪ 
ҲŲأʲô͸ʲôֻҪϻؼҾС 
Լ˵ˣϾܻؼѽ 
ϲؼҲУֻҪžС 
㿴ԽԽ˰ɡ˵ּһ˫صظһ飬ԽԽˡ 
ϰ˵ΣֻôһΣЦûġ 
ϳζһ˵Ǻģ˵ǸǸϰϱһͷֵ˵Ǹºð죬Ҹȥ绰˵˵أûǮԵǮ֡˦ǧǧģóǧ˰ٵģ˳һ٣ټҵӣҿܽˡҲϱĵطĶǮǻأţⶼģӸ 
һͷ˵⻨ǮǽģؼӴѽ 
仰˵ϴЦ 
磬ξ͸һ绰˵Ѿͺ˵ˣǧǮһԶٷȻͿ԰ַųˡһھǮǶȥͰˡ 
ڵ绰һٲǧлµ绰һȥ˵λԹĴȡǧǮǧǮװһŷǸģȡһǧǮװһŷǸεģʣǧǮųԷõġ 
εûһҪ飬һȴܲʾ 
ΰ칫ң֮󣬳ûбˣһһ˵æһС˼һͰװһǧǮŷд̨ϡ 
æ˵һǸɶأԭһλģǮǳʲôˣϽûȥ˵űǸŷҪһ 
ǳĲһջءһε֣ɳ£˵һ˵ʲôʱȥأ 
˵͸绰ͼ棬˷˷ųˡ 
˵գξͰѵ绰˹ȥһδ绰ʱϵı飬֪ͦ˳Ȼηµ绰˵Уڰϣ緹Ĳȥˡһеӵġۣߡ 
ɳҡκͺúȣͲһ¡ֻȵǵĻһͣ٣һΣǷԺ˵ֵܵ黹æҵһ˼һһʱҲǡ۶鼱Уİףׯг˵Цɡ˵ţǰȥװǧǮŷͳڰ칫ϡ 
һΪҲһ¡ǣϣֻ˵һ䡰˵飬ʲô˵ġǸŷûһּ˵ 
һͷһ;ԼСˡԼǮȻصǡһֱѾʮһˣϷ£ɻû˵ˣֻһһؿֱΡ֪һ˼ͳֻ˿ʱ䣬˵ʮһˣ߰ɡ 
ҹȥֵкһ 
һһװػˡľҲ˱װһа˾Ÿ˳ҵǸȥ 
˵Ǯˣˣľ͸˳ 
һְ֪״»СС»˵ġֻҪ˵Ů˫ԸģûнǮףҲͲʲôˡ   
28   
ǡ     
ʮ 
Ե˫Сֱץ¸ոսһֵԲ 
糿һԼҲСʱ򣬷ֿõɴЩʪĶմ棬ɫе΢΢ơΪˡ¡һ죬Ȼͻ뵽ǹڽšϾʶǲԼԲˣ뷨һ֣һٿأһйԲƬ͸ǰ 
ȥ죬ϳһӣҽԺȥҺŴƤơƤƺԲͬ¥ϡһϵ¥ӳľǽϵһƬһһȫǵԲŮֳ٣еĺŧеãеĳƤһĶŻ˵սľ̫ˡʱﾯԼһҪԺãǧֲܵ 
ʱһ꣬ȫϡȻûоҽȷʮа˾ŵˣ㲻 
²ܹǲ²⣬ʽȷ֮ǰܻĴңϣֻһ龪ѡ̷оʱܻǴһ˿Ļ롣ΣҸطȷһ¡ 
ʱ£ûʲôȿԲˡ˵㣬˵ԲĵطرĶ࣬йصĹǵأҲŵطڴ֮ϣ߸ϣͤ绰ͤУнƸԲĹǶ㲻Լҵ¥ݵҲӡˢĴ档ֽе洫طŲҽԺȥҲǳ㡣ûߵҽԺſڣԶܿҽԺ¥ϣ¥ǽϣЩרԲĹƾͺȻʲôʪࡱʲôװߡЩڹȥ˸еĵʱö֮档ڽЩֵͬʱٲ˻Ҫ߻ߵ¥ҾҪѯĻе绰дνܵ 
ڶԲĵطõȥأ̫СŲȥһҽԺΪ﹤±֪Ҳȥȥѡһеģûʲô˵һҽԺ 
߽ҽԺſڵʱеѵĸо֪˴˵ȵ¥ʱ򣬵˳ϱŵΡ룬Ҳⲻһɸϼȥһ룬쳣ˡɴ˿ɼĳЩر£˻ƽʱˡƤһͱһʱе޳Ϊ˸ееԾͬʱҲеͣΪպѧĹ۵㣬޳һڳı֡ 
һһڷǽϣּЩԲƬ־ʱһʮĴģ˴һС׼˳ʵզ 
ǴģʻͬʱĿתؿһ۾ľ鵱УǵֲˣЩӡĿ£ߵĿ᲻ضȾھϺսʤ˶ԷƵλͿȨˡһûбֳһ㱰ӵӣһȻͬǽű˵Ŀ˵ǵԲˡ 
Ϊ˸ԼĳߣһŬԼĿ飬ҪǸĸоҪ˾ãȻּ˵Ĳβ޹ģûʲôɸе߳ܵģֻźŭ 
ô˭أҪŭ˭أЩǸȻ޷֪ 
⿪ҿ 
Ǵȡһķ˵ֵܲʱԴһӾʹˣΡǮ˵ȸ뷨һͷͬʱһǽЩͼƬһΪµȡġĸо·µǸܿͻõƵġΪһ˵ʲôʧȥǸΪʹͿµأ 
ʵԲҲôµġһԲֻҪܵõʱȷƣǲġһûⷽĳʶһԲµҪһ֪ӳЦҽʣţŵ֮ǰڲˣܰԲͰ̲ϵΪϻèƶﶼη 
һõȥ黯飬ȷһ¡Ǵ˵žͳȥˡ 
һ˾ͻˣһߣһ˵õһܳ˵ţԼˡӾֲˣץΰɡ˵ŰһŴֽչǰֻȻ鵥һ׼ˡ 
һȻûڿ־壬ﻹһ˿侲ƽʱ˵йԲֲõĴţ˵ԲĵطץסԱ־壬ֲŵ⿪ҩʱ䣬Ա׬ȡǮʱǸĴ䱸 
鵥ûˡǴһۣһ˵ΰɡ 
һûȷ̬ǴԵе㼱ˣ˵ץƣȵˣͲˡϽΰɡ 
ʵ䷴ǴԽȰƣһԽǾԽǲ¿ڶ 
Ǵô˵һʱ뷨Ȼؼҡԭʱ̫ˣֻлصܾܹ侲˼ȷѡ 
һſȥǴ͸ˣеܻ㰮ĶĶΡ 
Ǵ滹˵Щʲôһû϶ʲôû 
صһһƨɵɳһ֧̣˼ڣƽһЩ 
ڡˮڡžС㡱֮С㡱Ū徿һȾϵġʹ֪˭أ£ȡһϣֻϵù 
һ˵ֲԼˡҺž꼸С㡱һǼ죬ӡ¶ûһƲᴫȾ⼸أָвȥˣȻ¾Ͳ 
ؼץƣȡӻ֮ǰȻͻ¶ڶôĶȥκأû˵ĵطеףµƣ˵ĵطܵõգô˼֪أʱȻһԺĴ򣬺סԺ 
ǰ괺ϼңϳʱиĽСòٸϷŶӡֻ첲ٵöе㶶ˣȴôҲܰǸȥһǡڸǰŷȥǾ֮ͣٸȴǳмͽһһһ룬һ֪ٸհףʡҽרҵģҽԺϼسġΪһص磬ͬ﹤˴˾͸һ׽˺żȻּ棬ٸÿζֵú飬һٶҽԺʲô¿ 
ٸ飬֮ҲǼʱ໥ʶѣ˴ûи˽ͽӴֻ֪֪һֻ֪հ׶֪аʲôһĶϰҲδػܼǵˡְĹϵǡôܵõһЩգֲֳ´ˣΪ֮ûйͬˡ 
һ⣬ԣȥ 
ԺסԺһʣ˵ϢһϰءĹϵ绰Լû취ֻõһϰ˵ 
ڻؼҵ·ϣһҩꡣһ룬ҩţܹܵءβãҲܿһ²顣룬Ѻܼ򵥵Ūø˵Եҩκأ 
һͱŽҵȥҩꡣҩƷĹ̨ǰͷ͸̨ЩܲҩƷעĿĿڼ۸һܲҩϣûˣкԱָŹ̨棬ҩ 
ԱûָĸҩζԣͲͷ˵ָָģ˵ҩ¡ 
һΧ˿ͦ࣬˵ôҲ˵ǸܡֵҩȻǡָš 
ԱûذһҪҩڹ̨ϡһӣһӵ÷顣뿪̨߳ҩʱƺоָָ㡣Ǳӳҩꡣ 
˼һ㼱ɴذҩˡǰԵġʮӣ굱һҩ֮ڴϣֻһΣ糿һ֮󣬷һжһ 
糿ʱһһ̫ճŵǿֽȻʪһСΡпʵְľˡҲǾãе΢΢Щʹ·ȶЩ 
ٳԼҩҲõתġðգȲȥˡǸ˵粻ʱƣͻ֮Ļĸо·гǧĲģϸһͷž޴ͣ¶ݵļһǣİ׽һ·ͣɣϵطֳ¼ˣϵҽԺȥ 
Ժڼ˰״ 
һûˣһʱûʲôۼȻôƯȻôˬʡ 
״򡭡һվҽ칫ҵſк 
״Ĺغһк 
һûҪݵ˼״֪²Ըű˵Ǿ 
ôƯŮʿ˵Բζȵʱ̸ϲ£Ǻܲ˵ġǡǡ෴һеڡһ棬ˣҲ˲ôˡһ棬֮ħҲʮ΢ãҽϵôƯŮʿ̸йءԡ飬ԵеСָое㱰޳ܣоǸоǿ͹۴ڵģΪл۶ޡ軻д򣬻Ǹ϶ŮҲûָоˣ˵·Գڡ 
һذѲһ顣 
ҲǴְҵԵܻ䣬Ҳǿһӣ״ϲûʲôرı飬ֻƽԴеʵз𣿡 
С 
Ǿˡ£еûзġ 
ʼգ״򶼱ֵܵ顣ԺԲרǸ˳аģҩر̫ݣܲʲôĲξܺõģõĺ£רǶҲǴΣһηҪǶԩǮҽҩ˾Ƿʶˣҩұ棬ҩı˵һб֤ҽԺҩб֤Ǯ̫ҽԺҩܰҸҩʱҪܰװϵ˵ãΪ˭ֲΣܹȾ˵Ĳ̵ģСɱǰ״ĴõҽԺҩͨﲡĵʡסԺѺʹѡ 
˵иߵ֮һ˵ʹҲдСһֶʹرеˡƽʱеССҪҵʱеϣһûʿЩʹڵ뷨ȴͬ 
ʿֱܲϵѪʱĬĬ˵ɣݵ۵ãۣ۵źأ۵Ƕĳͷ۵㳤ԡ 
ˣ٣ʿˣֻʣһˡŵһεεҩҺо˿˿ҩҺѪѪҺڵ٣ҩҺȫȻҲµǸطҩҺЩƴɱˡЩɶľǵȻǲıģһģҩҺĺ󱸾ԴԴϵز 
ǾôƴɱҲоôðɣȥɣҺֱӡЧƷհ״˵һھӦúˡżϻټϺ£Ѿĥùˣڹҿʱȥˡ 
Ŀӵƿƿһ·䣬յġ棬ﾲĵġʱ̣ռŵĲһֹ¶˸е黳Ϯͷʱؼž۵ʱ򣬿ԼȴӺ֪ԼԼأǻԴԼأԽԽڽ׵ĴϣԽԼİࡣϰ࣬ϸӰࡣϵİͨҩƵõϵİȴ޷ϴˢġǰͽƷжŬ˾ӣƷ¼¼Ҳһ򻵵ĴԶΪ˶ 
˻ںԼ֮⣬һԹˡԹᣬԹЩС㡱ûǣͲһԹԼӣԼý㣬ܵϵ㣬ԼҲᵽֵطȥԹǶʮǮûǶʮǮûֵطȥ 
ں֮࣬һһԻĪּ֣׽Ƿ̰õһ仰һԵǣҳһͳ¡   
29   
ǡ     
ʮ 
Ҫʱһֻˡһ룬ǡ˹ݡǱߴġһûб£Ҫûб£ȥһˣҪһ˵ 
ִɳų󣬡˹ݡֿˡǼͥ䣬ûп˹ˡһΪԼĲü첻˹ݡȥˡ 
磬һȥˡһѵӣ˵ⲻȫΣ˵ɶԷӰ첻ã׼ְؼңһˡ 
һԷǰҲֹۣԼҲΪò·գĻ䣬˵ҪְҲûбʾ˼ 
ĩˣֺҪһϼҵʱǧҪͱץ£ӡ 
糿ʰԼĶ˻ؼҵ· 
죬һѷԱҲˡӴˣ˹ݡ͹ͣҵˡ 
ʱֿųֵⷱľٸнԼһʵˣⷱĳµʱ䣬;ô顣⻨һȾףܿʧȥ˱ɫ 
Ҫⷱĳ˵ټˡϤĴׯϤǽСԺֽظǰˡ 
ˣһȴ޷ѡ 
򵽵죬һؼһţйư趣һʮ߼ͥյһߵſһȻٵִףٵſһԼǰ۾дҵ˶ļָֻյܰһȴһӰаûˣ׼ġ⹫Ѿùˣνã 
ûŮ˵ļҺͻҳĿյĨʱزĨĨǶʱҳһԵ£ȴĥô죬һؿôأ 
ȥֻһ취Ҹɡӣ 
̾˿ԳһܲԸӣ˵ֵֵˡֵҵıúܣ治ԸǶסû취ѽ 
ֵɵȻǺֵܳģȻûʲô˵ġ 
һҹһġˮסġҹշת࣬ں޽ӣ˼ǧԲ˵ 
ڶϣڡˮҹŲòؼҡҹޣͲӽˡ 
һԼҵ¥ݿڣͿʼ䲽һʰ׶ϣϢſڡ¥֮ǰͰѷԿҺˣһԿ׿ףһذԿײȥתذŴ򿪣عϣһȻһ·һϴȥҳ 
ȻûоӣȻ۵˯֮С 
Žֵ͸΢ߣǰ˯̬ǻԲβһǿҵİӿƽʱƿȥǹ⻬βԼĶǸ桭ȴ̾Ϣҳ 
糿ʵʲôʱģ 
ʮһӰɡ 
ɶȥ 
һһ 
أϲ 
˵⻰ʱ򣬳úӲڸǰſӣһɴḧһ¡ӵ˼ײˣһװͿܣֻáţšشӦš 
ִشоԵ˵ššģûУ 
ˣˡ 
һӡӵһҪӵԸһͻݵġŮϰԼɷ˩Լߡɷɣٸɷ¡ⷽ棬һǺġ·棬ֻǷɷҪԼûйҪⷽ棬һٻеźΪǸûʲôˣ˻ٸеЩζ⣬ͣԼ̫ǿûеҪʱѾˣȻͲôҪԼһˮܳ裬ںӻûеʱͷŽ˺ӵûȻͲ֪ԼҪ̳ԡڣ⺢ӶûԵˮˣּֿʣȻͳҪ̳ˡ 
棬ǴŶϲŮ໴ӤһǾͻһ־ȿѵʹкԺУͻĴڼֵµʶᡣǻ᲻Լʹļֵõֵ֡ 
һƺһᵽʹУее̼е㼤е嶯ΪԼֲĵض˵ôûҲаɣŰɣһúõءĻֻĶ˵ˡڣʵ°첻ɣЦҲͿˣûǸ£ûǸʸ 
ڶ죬ֵ°ʱˡϺһ˵ֻһ죬ϳԵʲôأˡ 
Ⱥ֪һʲô飬ڶ֮ǰװһ㶵׼ûؼȥģ첻֪ʲôµ̸Ҫء 
Сһ˶ģе񾯲õľһߣһ߱Ȼš 
ܿ죬ֻʣһһˡ 
ݵׯݵŻûſһ۵𣿡 
ߣߡһվϵıֽʰһ£Ҫߵӣȴûж 
ʱ¥ϣǵ϶°ؼҵϲãĽŲƺҲԵˡһǾͽ߹ˣ¥ؾͰˡ 
һһ֧̣š룬ϸôأȥðҹ˲֪ؽϴ˯ӵȻˣܱԼ¶ڶáͣҩհ״˵һһ£ûʲôˡӵ¾ͿˡһҲǺùģҹؼôأһϻؼô죿˵Լ岻ʣ֧һеĶŪòҲܴȾ𣿶һܶʮ 
һˣܶ㻹Ƕ㣬һһ죬ʵڶ㲻˵ 
ʱòײŰȥСʱһ˼أŵͷ˵˵ˣǻһĻҾȰϣʱкҡ 
һ˼ʱ鷳˼ңͳͷ΢Цߡ 
һ˵һ룺õˮȥһˡ 
һ¥ߣȻϵֻˡһ룬ˣǼġƽʱûʲôҪǲ绰ġʲôأ»ǴԼؼҵİɣΣܲܲػ 
ιĶأ 
ڵλء 
ȻǴؼҵġûڸʲôҪѻĻᶼûֱӵ˵ϲؼҸɶѽϽɡ˵Ͱѵ绰Ҷˡ 
һ޼ƿʩֻùԹԵ׼ؼҡ룬ǷҪ¶ɣҲֻʵ˵ԼԲôõģֻܻѳԡϴʱȾϵġȻӿ϶˵ỳȥɫ鳡йΪôɣôʣԼһҪҧϴʱȾϵģ˵ʲôҲܳԼ¡ 
£֮䶼ޣԸеġܹǻɣһϣϣǲġһ׿ڳˣѻɱʵ͵ڰ˼ҲԸ⿴ĶҪ˼ҵƤӵ·ţƵ˼װûܣ޴ģҲǲ̵ġʱδؾǶУʵҲδؾƾ١ 
ڻؼҵ·ϣƼһҡԱ̵꿪ţһľһе񿴵˾һĸо 
棬ֵط˹ˣϵȰҪЩһ룬Ŀǰ£ȫó 
һ뵽ֶһйص¡ǻСʱϼҹĲ̨һ֧֧ذڷֽƤ׶ʱһֻмǮǲ̫ˣͦ˵ġСǲֶ֪;ߣӡ֮촵ϸ߰ѿϵΣ˩һϸקŵһʱ޷ӵͷΪʲôһСݶСݶ״еιӵƿϵԺȻ֪ⶫ;ˣ꣬ӲùֱֶڡɾӡҡС㡱ʱǡС㡱һθǶоȻǲ粻ĺã˼ҳڰȫǶĹأòءġˮ£١ѥɦ¸ҵƲ⽺Ƥ׶ıڡˡڣΪӵİȫֲòı 
һ֪Բ£ͷϵʱ򣬲ԸһԤŰɡǾͽȥһС 
һκ͸ָ̬ػص˼ʱѾŵӡСѹ˵ƣӺѾ˯ˡ 
ӼһˣʲôҲû˵תˮŵϣȻͻˮϴ 
һʮˣ⻩Ҳʮ꣬ǷǳϤġƽʱһһϵѪҺе궯Ϳӡȵֹһȴһ־񸺵 
ϴˣֽȻ·ϴʾһҲ·ϴһһϴӾͰһֻȺҪɴһϽֵʱһ֪Ƕ㲻ˣԾֱ˵˵ˣԲˡ 
֪ӰһĻЦ̫ˣҪֹʣûһĻ£˵Ҳܡ˵գˡ 
һٴĵԲˡ 
£֡һӾ; 
ʱһ֪ӻʲôӦҿɫѿܲ;ϸߣܹһƿӣŤᡭ޷ȥ 
ﾲˡϵĵյţһϣôĳءһ룬ӴʱĳĬԤʾɽļžűһҲͻȻԳ֣ҲһȻŭĿָڵʸɡ 
˿̵һ˴ĺӣ׼ܴ˵ĺǳ⣻Է٣ȴѶ 
ΪӦ棬æ׼õĴɿϰһ飬ʱ׼Ӧ𡣿ǳһϣӵ̬ԵúƽֻͣǴƵ˵ 
ڵɶ˶У࣬ϴȥݡϴֻϴԡŮûдӣʡŵò 
û˵ʲôֻź˵ûһˡ 
ˣˣ 
һֱе㲻ţص⾹ɵؾ͹ȥˡϲ⡣Ÿ˾̽Ŀʣ 
˰ȫףҪǴϣ 
 
һҹһ§úܽܽڣмȸָӵı 
ºһĥ̫ˣѹûΪմȾɫԲͻˣֻǸӣûǰߣ湼ΣǺߣ̫мĿˡǳֿܣһжӸеӵͻݿɰͬʱҲԼеǸΡ¶ģӽԺԶմȾɫ顣   
30   
ǡ     
ʮ 
ոմԲج߳ãһµջĵһ 
һµϱˡ׼вɲƸˡһƸƿƳһְɹˡ 
һְһ칫ҲԭˣԭĶᵽ㡣 
˵껹ܵõһھƸݽʱ˵ģͬһʵһϲɺص顣һе˵ǣڷƵΨһһԱȻƯమ÷һζû뵽ġ 
మ÷ʮ꣬еȸ𪿡ϳǳǳľѶȻǿ쵽ʮˣµƺûʲôۼʶˣɶʮճͷĹ￴ȻһЦͬŮشģǳˡ 
మ÷Բμӹ𣬾ھԱһꡣ·һŮģСղμӹûʲôרҵ֪ʶֻȰԱͰమ÷滻ˣһĿమ÷ȫˣΪڷܱԱҪЩ 
׻˵Ů䣬ɻۡһƯŮͬһȻһǳ顣տʼʱһٻЩӦһʮƽ׵С쵥һƯŮˣеġҵģһֻ겻ĸоమ÷һ仨Ļ仨̫ˡ̫̫ˣͬԽΪ̫ҫˣֱӣ仨̫ˣֱƢеƮƮȻ֪ںδĸо 
⵱ȻһҸĸоҸ̫Ũ̫ңҲ˸еڵġе޴룻֪˵Щʲôã̫Լֳܲɵ˶һ֧̣һԼŲζֻգ飬޷˼͹ 
ΪֲʣҲΪ˹񫣬ʱԸص¥ԭİ칫ȥһһ˼ҪʾԼǸɵˣϺͰ٩˵ɫѣ칫ƯŮˣͲԸ⵽ˡνһá 
һһֻصˣ٩ͶŲ豭ȡЦһ㣬иƯŮţҾĶҲȥһʲôоѽĽ 
СҲȤ磬һƯŮһ칫﹤ɩ֪֪ۣ֪ˣ׼ġ 
٩Ӳ֪źأ֪Ůɶʱ𣿾ǵǸеҪʧȥԼˣĵλܵвʱ򡣡 
Ϻװһ˵Ϊϴ磬һ£һǧ𷸴󰡡 
һˣ˭˵ʲôЦǺǵġЦˣ˵ǼϹҶʮˡ 
˵һ⣬ͬʱҲͶãȺʮʮô˵ˣ 
ȺűؿЦҲͦȤģҲ˵ʲôմ֣ЦУ岻ԣֻ˵ġ֪ʶѧʷ£ʱ˷ˣӾһشʮ֪ 
ְ˵һ飬ʲôʮڣʮʮʮ֪ʲôʮӣʮϡʮΪ֮ꡱ 
һڳֵͦģݵׯҲ˹ 
ȥԼµˣںԼƽƽˣе㲻ֹƽƽƯŮأֶһɶʡɶоϻԳѺõӡαװԼ곡ϷصģеϢģʡׯˮƽģȱֱ졣ҲȤһݲؽĽѽ 
һЦ쵼ôҲȡЦأ 
٩ׯ˵㣬Ľԣɶʿɲа 
Ϻֳ˵˵ٵŮҪƯģһһ 
ׯ˵һŮģ٩𣿡 
ҹһЦ 
һáʮӦ˵Цȫ˵ġ 
˵ˡʮ󡱣ԭ㣬һ˼ָ˵䣬涼죬־ﵽѳ̶ȣܹܺõذԼױʲôջ󣬲ƭϵһ˼ָ˵䣬ʲôĴ־ڹҵϣ˼ڱأѭؾɣ׷ʲôҲɾʲô¡ 
Ůз棬ǡǡױջġһ棬Ůܴ˵ʮ꣬ʢʱνʮǣʮ绢Ů˵ʮ꣬ʻĽ׶ѹȥ㲻ƣȴҲɫǰ˵ġŮʮԼ˵ԽԽСˡһ棬ضԣʮȻͦʢѾʶʢѾάֲ˶ˣҪ޵ʱﾡܶԼԵķһֶԵıܡʱڵ۷䣬֪Բ۵ʱ䲻ˣԽڷܵؿʼɼپǸо档һ꣬˴ʧȥʸУʱµ˳˵ģһ֣֡ľûиоϲɵʹҵһµĸо 
ԭ򣬵ʮˣЩƯŮ˾͸Ӵࡣڿ檵ʹǼҷٺõˣ䣬ֻҪﾭҪȢСġڹǷģû˸ôһЩȨǮˣ͵͵ҸСţνġ̡ȨСǮ٣ģͻСǮҸСģ͵͵ĻһΣνҡˡҸ˵ı¶ûеģֻżɫ鳡ȥҴ̼ζ 
һΣյΡ 
»ͻݣ˳ڸ鷽ǷǳģԸͷϣֿһִĶ޵ĸ飬鰮ĳɷֶ࣬԰ĳɷ١˵е޶ˡ֮Ĵ֮£ҲԽԽĮżһأڽео;ûʲôȤ¶֮Ȼζʱеڡ 
ǵ棬ЩƯŮȴǴߡڽϣЩġβرÿŮˣ̲סҪ̰ؿϼۣҪǷǡ֪и֮˳ռбŮˣ֪ӶжãԸٵļֻͥ˲֪͵Ƭ̻ãһ˿ʣǴһڼͥĹϵϣҲ֡ϲ²ɡʱšǳĽ֡첻ƮƮľ硣˵øһ㣬ֻ뻻ζʶѡǳԶһҳ˳ԹˣҲ¸ӣϸ꣬ɽ亣ζǸʲôζɽ亣ζãܲҳˡˣҲˡƽӣҪԼҳ˵ġ 
Ϊ䣬뷨õһʷ֮ƣóԣһ֮Ͷγɫ鳡ڵõһЩйٴ̼ͬʱɫ鳡νС㡱ʼĴ񣬾ǲɾȫ⣬ֻͬǮѪڵԲ֮ҽӴǡԸԼˣоˣˣˣʵʵعӰɣţԶٵȥ黨ǲݡ 
ǣƺҪ׽ŪһְһƯٸǰԡ   
31   
ǡ     
ʮһ 
ȥˣ߰һȥѽ 
һȥУϵ¥٩¥ 
˽˰٩İ칫ҡ٩˵ڵУԺＯ¥ˣ 
˭˵ѽ 
˭˵ʲôϵأ»֪ɣаһѡ˵ˣŪͦѽĺһһѽ˿Ƴֽˡʲôʱܽ 
֮ǰɣҷžǽȥˡһٶʮƽףÿƽ㣬ӦˣټϽһ࣬һǮڽಿ֣֮ͳһ㣬ٲ 
Уͦá 
סǸ̫СˣӦûˡ 
ǵλԼǶס˰ɣ 
綼ˡ 
÷УԺľסһġ뻻վůˡиǶסҪ֪ء 
˵ůһ 
⹤ȺҲˡ˴к֮һֽŷŵĻ˵Ǽǿ⼸ůһֱͲáȥĳһһˣΪܺһأ¶ҲʮĶȣ˵㡣ϹȲˣ˵ǹܵͨ˵ǶŪ˼أҲûŪãͲ֮ˡ¥Ǽҵһ룬ԼůѣȴůͣԹ֪ѧжгһܣһͷůϣһͷˮطˮΪͿůܵˮӿˮѭٶȣﵽ¶ȵĿġһڵ¶ȶٵܹȥһ㣬Щˮôװ׵ˡ 
Ⱥһ˫۾˵£ǵˮѽ 
£һСʱְɣһʮСʱʮ֡һʮ죬һǧٶ֡һů£Ǿ߰ǧ֡ʵǲֻЩġ밡СָôֵĽܰɣôˮѹһСʱֹأĶֶδ֪ҹһȡůôҲһˮڵˮۣһˮǶǮġ 
ȺԵǲǮѽǰװѽˮԴ˷ѡ 
һ˵ľˮǻˮۣ˵һ䵽ҵĻرʱ͵ŷŵ㻹пԭõʱﶼͦˣҲôطšһůһֱôš 
Ⱥַŭˡ̫Ĳˣ˵ȥأù𣿹ȲҲǿɶ˼ůѣӦгŵﵽů¶ȡ˵˵ȥûкö 
٩ƶ¥·ˮǼôأ 
һ̾һˮܵ£ͳͦأģϳˡ 
٩һһʵǼҲ𣿡 
զأഩ·£ûİ취 
ҲӸܷˮ¡ 
ģۿɸɲ¡ů͵ʱУҲܴﵽů׼ҿǸее̬ԭĳذ칫ҵĹԱظĸʱ򣬸ˣһ¸һٶǮѣûʲô¿ڼɴš 
ûһ˵꣬ȺԵǾĻᡣĲƽͲʹһЩ˵ܵ𺦣ǾǨŭᣬᣬﵽй˽ߵĿġ͸˲ȶأҲʹùΣ⼸꣬һЩĶ԰ʱз˵Ҫȶ͵ҪṫƽС 
һ챻¥µķˮǸܾһҡͷ̫̾ˡû취ҾʪĨѵ©ϡһĨˣĨˮʪĨȸĨЧá 
٩ӳ߹Ȳѽǹġ 
һЦɱˡҲʵڱˣ绰߻վˣվ˻ˡʱڼңԼǵĶԻվ۵ţ¥Ǹʲôġվ˵Ҫů¥˸ŷûк˵ÿվʣǲڷůˮ¥˽еģ˭ůˡվ˵ٷžͷ¥ƵĿ˵ɱŻңҵСվһӲĲУ˵ˮ죬Ӱھ𣿡¥˵Ӱ˭Ҳܡĩˣվ˵һ䡮ٱˡ˾ˣ¾Ͳ֮ˡûнҸȥˡΪһ¥¥ϣȻµҾٱġ 
Ⱥ绰߹Ȳŵ쵼 
˰ɣҿɲˡǷˣСӻúѽʵҪ£Ҳò˭ٱֻҪ¥ݼϸůˮ֪˭ҷûˮˡϸ¹˭˭Ըȥءһð©һůǡ 
٩һһʱ 
Ⱥ˼֮У˵ɷůˮ£˵һЩй˵Ĵػˡ˵ǻˣħ£󶼲硣Щ캦£˵ϳ⡣µ֮ʰġ   
32   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һ־סջˡ 
ڰ칫మ÷۵ɤеؽһʱ򣬵ϸָǶʵ㷢һӣ޳Ĳһʱ򣬵ò˵ʱȻһЦʱˡ 
మ÷Ǹɾڿˡÿ糿ϰ࣬Ҫ˵İ칫Ĩһ顣ΪŮ˺κڲĨһ߰칫ʱܽŵͷζϸԲԲĹĵβһߡбԽβͻÿʱһ͸еԼھҵɤӷѣֽ΢΢ЩԼһʱƲסһѰ§ס 
;ͳʱһǺȻģһλͬܲһأ 
మ÷˵ԼһƵͬһܱȺͱİһҪһְȫСһԣôһƯŮͬߣеǳ⡣Ӧ˵ǸеǳҸϣһԵúȻȴǷǡϣͳһֱȥȥߵĺǣߵĩաͳԽԽ٣˾ûˣ綼ʧˣֻʣˡ⵱Ȼǲܵġͳߵڣˣˣϣ߸ɴϷ˳ȴȻֻܵһССľţ⾪ŵĳ̶ǡùͶĻҪı 
һ룬ܺôһƯŮһ칫﹤һԵģҲɣүԼͬԼôõһ͸ԼοԼŹ¶Ƶ顣Լôܹүĺأ 
ǣү̫ңԶ̫ãˣңԶãͬޡӦøлӦǹ˾ֳǣܸԼһƳְλԼǷƵĿƳܺһ˵˵ȥһжù鹦ǶʮǮ 
ҲãҲգͰǰˣԼܴѵõĻᡣڣϵ˹ϵֻܶ࣬Ҫ˲֪ͥϵֶΪأܹȡóɹĻǽǶôҸĸоʮˣܺôƯŮͬӵһҲ㲻һˡ 
һԼʧʱԼ仹̫Լ֮ҫһذɣ 
һʼ뷽跨మ÷ӽˡľļƻͰţһƺõȦ׾͵మ÷Լˡ 
磬еĹ¶֮һһ֧̣˼ڣˣȻżָпĵЩģĿڣˡһװģٿǮϵ·˰ٿ飬ۣһ·ԪǱĹϵ˵ʵǹ˿͸Ͳ֪ϸ 
ǣɲġ 
మ÷Ҳٳš 
ĵظ̾һ֮һȻһתƵ˵벻·СӴӦ۸һס 
మ÷һе㶯ġתһ룬Ǳ£˼Լ£Լ˼ռݱأǾЦ˵ĺˡôˣŸɩɡ 
һ⻰һееӽôˣû·ءȥãû취Ҳûʲô˵ġһˣȴҪֺñŮˡееԲԼӡһǰమ÷ƯӰĿɰգ֮Ҳͱ䵭ˡһ뵽ԼǷĸоԼһиеİã˵ѻҲֿڡƤûգһ£˵ǰһףҿһʽζٵģʱˡǸȤĻȥ£ؾ಻ؾ͵һˡҲʲô˵¶ 
˵ϣమ÷͸Ӷˡ¶һΪ֮Цݡ 
ô˵ҾȥȻƵ˵Ҹѽ 
һ֪˵ҸָλŮͬ¡మ÷ԵãλµļŮģȥľŮ˵һߴߴ¸£˼£뻯ױװ 
һһ£˵ҿûǲұˣһȥȥ˼һôѽȥ㿴вԼ⣻ûϵǧñ֪ˡ 
మ÷Ϊ˵ʵڡһôһ˵Ҳûģͬⲻұˣֻһһȥ 
һҵ̵֡Ƚϼеĵط˼ۺԵĴ̳֮⣬ֵȫר꣬һҰһҵġרװģרЬӵģרӵģָӦоСר꣬ԾͺһЩ۸ӦҲ̵ͨһЩ 
ڶר굱Уҵһ˵Ǹط 
ʵһʲôװ磬ȫԼϹġ 
һ칫ҹµʱһమ÷˳ƯҲϲ´硣ںŮĵʱҲܰ·ãǼ·Ư֮ĻҲǺģŮ˵ԡЩΪ̫ϻ̫ʧȥĶԱģʱµŮвϲ硢Ưأźǣమ÷ļͥôáɷԭڴϰ࣬ҵЧ治ã˶ǮʵûɶܣԺҲʲôʵĹһԡظ˴Ļĳߵĵ͵ģֵϴԡĵطɴȻҲܶ࣬࣬һҲٿǮԼһҲǼٿǮ롣˼һһ²һǧǮһ֮˵Ҳά± 
ںŮĵʱమ÷;¶ûǮ·źǣһ·ⷽȱڡ 
룬ֱӸ·Ļ֮ͬȻǲ׵ģҲܽܡͱװǶ򵽽·Ļѻ 
˺üҷװר꣬˵һҿһŮװʽСమ÷ġ䡢ʣöͦʣ·ĺȫϰ˵ãȽԤٿǮٿǮ콻ϰ壬ʱ򣬲ҪԤ¡ 
ϰеʡװô꣬δҪȽԤĹ˿أ˲֡תһ룬ȥģôأԾʹӦһҪ 
׻˵ģɲ顣һమ÷ȥǸװר꣬ǰమ÷ȥġһమ÷·ҲԹеġʱమ÷ϲģֻǼǮ̫ˣ͵ϰ彲˺һ˼˵ʲôҲѹۣ˵˰پǰ˰١Ҳףַװר꣬һ㶼ǲ۵ģ۶پǶ١۸ԹЩҲб֤֮ʱǷǳźģε̾һ뿪ˡһǮѹ˽ۣȻˣһֵסջ 
మ÷εǣ˼ѾѼ۸ѹˣȴֻһٿǮһء 
һһʱమ÷룬˿õ·δġ֪ô⣬֮ǰڵλͽǽˣۡȻһҲһλģһģϾǺÿڡǿ˼ҵĹϵѼѹôͣٺ˼ҽǮ͸ѿˡǸأһ·ûˣʱǨϰ⡣ 
ӵΪӵı顣һమ÷ΪѵӣѾ³ˡ 
మ÷еһߣСʵǮѽ·Ҳˣѽʲô𣿡 
మ÷е΢΢ط죬Ϊ˵ǺãֻǡҶǮǲ 
మ÷ⷬһźţȻԸԮ֮֡ЩֻΪ֪ǷԽ֮࣬ľͻԽСεĿ͸һ 
һˣڽԼеϲ֮¶ŬȻһЩ˵Ǯ˵һ£˭иǮʱʲôء 
һǮʱ򣬹ǮõۣͦǶȷǡôమ÷Ǯమ÷ֻһۣͿԪĴƱһС 
òŮ˵ʱǮ˵ҫమ÷һǮֳִ࣬󷽣Ͼ־Ľ֮顣Ƚ֮£ԼɷƽʱҲʹٶʮĵͷˣΪһ̫ˡҲǮѹ˶ǮؾЩƲԼɷ 
మ÷·һվԱ߿ŵʱسǡôӷװǰ˶Ѿ߹ȥˣԴŷӦమ÷棬𣿡 
سԼĸоԲԣ˻һϸһ򣬹Ȼమ÷Ů˹̵·ġϵǣһҲǶӣҲڰѡ· 
سһܣǳ˷ܡ֪ܣϾͰ߹ȥˡ 
మ÷һ˵ľ·ϣس͵Ȼ޲ 
֪سҴҵһƳǺ˺ܴ鷳 
·һﰵϲһǳɹˡమ÷أһ׿ĵ·ϲüҶһ˸м֮顣 
మ÷·ûؼңһݣûôأȲְ·ˣվھǰ棬󿴿ҿԽԽ⣬ԽԽˡ·̫ˣֱǸһĿʽô£ôĺãҲһġȥʱеΡ 
˵ѣǰమ÷ԼĴƯ·ͬʤաƺһηԼԭƯԼġ 
ſţȻӰ̾Լ׳һƯĺһŽ굱УĴ·˼ңһףһף£棬⣡һвԭΪԼһûгϢɷԼɷҲһǮкѣһܰԼƯƯġǸжðһ뵽Լļ裬ϲ΢΢غˡ 
మ÷ԭȹٴ·ģһǰԵԼ̫Լ˼Цʵ̲סڶʹˡ 
˵λ˵עĿŮٲ˶ꡢȻ˵ʲô͵Ůǵ֮Ǹమ÷е⡣ 
ŮǶһ֮ٲûҪһĶģǮģ⻰ʱһҲڳమ÷ʵظĳĳ̵ģڼǮȴ˻ѣ˵ıۡ 
˵Щʱమ÷ɵؿһһۣ˵Ŀһ£ƿˡĿٿһǶе֮һĬΪһĬ֮һϵһֺرĸо 
Ӵˣమ÷һ·ͻ뵽һĸо··ͱһʱʱ̶̿ӵΪԼ뷨ееɬɬָ֮ееۡ 
һεĳɹһġ 
ֹ˼죬һֵЬתһȦһ˫ŮʽƤЬһʣһڼٰۣʮԪһ編ƣȸԪ˵õڶںమ÷˵ʱ򣬻ϴ˵˵ᳵ·һޡ 
Σమ÷ЩԥˡŮбǷ˼̫಻ʡе㾭סƤЬջȻھܾ̬ȴеư͡һ֪ҲʱֻҪһѣͻȡġǾԳһֺ˵ѽֻǱһ㣬ֲǰ͸ģɶ˲£Ҫ⡣ 
仰ȻЧڶֻ˳ɹ 
ԺһһΪݵİ취ɴҸ̵꣬Ǯϰȯƾȯ̵Ըʲôʲô 
ڰЩȯమ÷ʱԳ˵˸һŹȯҲûɶģȥɣԸʲôʲô 
మ÷Ȼ˼ܣΪֶֽûʲôҪ˼ҵǮءһ˵ҲǱ˰͵ģһʱҲûʲôʵĶǮֲˣˣ¡ 
మ÷ֱ˵ˡ 
壬ٻٵĹȯŸ˺üšһమ÷ǷԽԽ࣬ľҲԽԽˡ 
ȴ˵ʱ˵ʱֻҪԺ֣ҪʲôʲôʲôʲôҪжǣŮǾͿʼɶˣҲʼįҲҪеζеĴƵȵûڵأߵϴԡ֮ĵطȥѰ֣ߵҹȥ졢Ϸڿܵ£ҲԼľḻһЩ 
رз棬ҲٵؼһϣʹԼö̶ζЩڻػҵλ﹤ŮǣΪûжǾϾ顣ЩʮŮˣԼջû̫˥ϣ˶ٻеʱڲƻͥǰ£Ҳɷ֮ٽӽӽˡǻһңһλѡһ߼ΪеˣΪԼľԵøΪЦĻ£ϹΣʲô˵ʲô룻̸ֹһһЦټ٣ʵʵٵЩ֮顣 
˵ʱµĺö˶ѧˣôĺöŮҲѧˡ 
󻷾͵λСĹͬӰ£మ÷˼ҲʼЩı仯һɲԸܵưͣһĿɸмɸ顣һжΪһĿ˺ܺõ̵档   
33   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һԭĴй䡣٩ϺҲڳ 
ڼĵʱ򣬺ȻžžҾ뵽ǰȥԭǽֶ¿һϴҵ 
νϴͺöڽֱߵϴġһûʲôģһ¥зĳƵķˮǹˮȻĨֹѡ 
֮һϰģ˱ȱȻغͼ˵ʲôȰźõļ·ߵĳ⳵ϴֳˮǹĹ˱㻩ˮ򵥵豸۵ùһССҵˡ 
߰ˮڿвסط裬ڳϼһƬƬĭƵˮˮڵϣ۳ϸ·ߵһˮȥȺ̾һʹĵ˵ 
һˮԴȱйˮ㣬һȴˮ˷Ѿˡôˮôװ׵ʹģ 
˵һ״֮ȺߵǰŶϴڷˮָԵӦòȡ۸ߣ߷ˮļ۸һ̶ϻܹ˷󡣡 
һҲп˵˵ûŹ˵ˮԴǸ⡣ϼҵķһӹӣԭһļˮϡСʱСǾͳˮץͶˣֻɽʱܿˮʱˡŶʮĹ⾰ôı仯ȥٹʮֻأ 
һ˺뵽һȥˣȺˡһһɤӣϲ˵˵Ķ񻯣ȻأΪԭ򡣾йزűһдССȾԴǧңûӵȾҪͶʶٸڡЩҵܴٲֵܵõ˰գȾɵԶӰǲǵòʧεȻֿأʹˮʧɽûֲˮ֣һ꣬ˮͼǵ³ˮĵҪԭ򡣿ҲڣǰĴúɽŪǧٿס֣һ㡣 
ȺԽ˵Խһˮһɤӣ˵ҲŪףúֲ̿Դôܹأ˵ҹú̿ĿɲɴڵĿʮȫˡĻʮԺôأʲôȼأ˻˵ǻʯ͡ȻѽҲǲԴҲþʱ򣬵ʱָôأǽʲôأǸҪôأ˵˼ĵʯʹҲǺܷḻģ˼ȴſɣǻǮȥձǸȻԴѷĹҡ˵ձ˴ӹؿʯӵΪԴǵȻԴ˾ռͲߣȴųڣŻǮ⼸·˵޳Ҳ˲㡣֪ǲɽϵġ˵һЩʶǿĹңͲɽΪϰԾϲԲݸɽʹݳɳǹⷽԵú㣬ֻҪгչȥΪɽޱͨëֵǮǾʹɽ򣬶ɽҰڻһЩʱǻմմϲ˵ǵĳڴȡĳɼǲԭɳء⼸ɳȻһֱʽԴΪۣǰһ棬ǵòʧģǶķ 
ϺһȺ˵ûûˣе㲻ͷȴ˵˭ǵСԲذءǹǵƣͷˡǴذеֻϳ̸裬ںţȴôԼôǶһЩСˣǵĹңǵᣬˡֻϧһù񣬹Ҳ֪ҲϿɣʲôôûõϧʵڿϧѽ 
٩ֱĴ£һСϰܹܵ˵ҲǡԼŪ׵ˣôɶ۲ۣ 
һ䳰ȷһֱֱȥסȺЩʵ˵ףֻðҡͷ̾ȴ룬˵ƥ𡱣йȱٵǡǡθСһͷԣƶˣС۶ֻԼֻ̣Ÿ˵ٷƣͷأȴԹĮġǹǿӦᣬȴû˭ҪᡣȹǵĹңǵᣬʱأ 
һð٩˵ĻȻЩȴҲеѽôصʲôأɣǣమ÷ֿʼǰˡ   
34   
ǡ     
ʮ 
һమ÷ȥ˽ء 
ǴǶ緹ͻ糿ȥʱߵþͦ硣ضԿڵλÿͣһֺȶˡమ÷ԭ˵ȲȵģվεĿȰҲ˲١ 
ȥʱǳ;ͳȻ;ҪרҲǲеģֻʱ򳵰Ų󴮸һģ̫㡣ԣһʱһͲ̫ԸҪ;ͳʡ¡ҪǣԸమ÷жԸеλ˾ߡ 
ʱ˵ʲôҲ;ͳǸһ⳵ 
ϳʱΪεڳһû˼మ÷һ棬ڸʻλϡһǣһ³һ£ϳʱ򣬾ȥˡ 
ڳ⳵ųڰ·Ϸˢˢ֮ųľҰׯɽͶ򳵺תȥӵĳ棬һమ÷˶һӳ͵徻Ŀοǣּյˣ˵Լȶˡ 
е˺ȶ˰е˺ȶ˰˷ܡమ÷ڰģһڰ˷ܵġ 
ûԶమ÷ˡرˣͷȥľе㿿ǰһߣͷǰǰαͰͷڳӵһࡣһһߣͷֿĳӡǣͱܵذͷһߣһļۡԺ֮Уҵʵĸо 
һȶ˾ƣ񾭱ͺܻԾమ÷ͷϣ񾭾͸˷ˡ˵޻˵ĸоеرܰ⡣ŤͷĿðĿ⿴మ÷塣Ƿزź΢΢ǹΪƾö΢΢طźΣҲԽԵ÷ɫۣСְϸУָϲ֪Ϳʲô㷢ôйɢ˵ 
һԽԽƺԼѪҺѪʡΪ˾ڳһϢд棬һѰסӵԼĻ 
ѪҺʵʱԽȴڷתţԣڽ죬³֮󣬾Ǹˮ桭Ҹڣó⳵ˮ¥£ٰ¥ȥʧʧԣڽ죬³֮󡭡 
Ϊˣرл壬лǴһ⳵һܺõĻᡣ 
ԽԽˣһ⡣һ֮󣬳మ÷ػιѣ쵽ˡ 
మ÷ŷԼԭǿһϵġΪԼʧ̬еΪ飬ֱӣ۾е㱧Ǹ˵˯ˣľƺȵ̫ˣ´˵ʲôҲܺôˡ 
˵Żͽ 
һһమ÷˵ھƳǶҸĸ˸ӣǴǶߣ˳ȡ㶫Ȼٻصλ㿴в 
మ÷ΪǶͣһһŶϾأͲ˼˵УǾȵǶ¡ 
һԸˣһ׾ͳɹˡ 
һָ£⳵ھƳһ¥ǰͣ 
һ³֮󣬼మ÷ûҪ³˼ͻع˵ó⳵߰ɣ˼һøϻȥأصλ 
మ÷һĵֱȽ͵ˣһôһ˵ҲͲ˼˾ˣҲ˳ 
⳵ˡమ÷һ˵ȥȡɣš 
һ̧ͷ¥Ͽ˿˵ſˣҲһȥ¡ 
ʱమ÷е㷸ˡȥɣһŮĵһе¥е㷸ɣе㲻׵ȥأе㲵һӡѵʱమ÷룺Ҳ˼Ҳûʲô˼ֻǳòԼ￴ԼǲȥԵԼĴ䱸Ժһ﹤еˡ˼ҶԼôãԼð˵ĹϵŪأŸڰοԼ 
ͬʱమ÷ҲеԼеìܣԼһӱˣһǺ·ʲôµģܴͳĸԼһϣʲôģʱͻӰϣõһԼΪԼе˷ܣһַʹеֲ̿ﰲοԼҲ¥ϻбأһжԼ˼롣 
Ǵìమ÷һĺ棬㷲¥ȥˡ 
¥ǰһ¥СƿϣŴమ÷¥ȥ 
һһ¥ߣһ߲ʱšǱʶమ÷Ȼı⣬תƵġ 
һǰһ¥Ķ㡣ݣһְŹˣųسһоһֻ׵ĸȦȦһֽ׶Գɹο㡣మ÷أ沢ûбˣñ¥ʱӿˡоԼһֻܶˡ 
һమ÷ɳϡ 
סŮģǶɫ鳡ġС㡱మ÷ȣߵʺ͸оȫͬġȫǽǮĽףͼһʱĸйٴ̼ǰమ÷ٸǸɾģõĻʲôԺ޹ǵغ飻иģԺȫڡǣܷԼأǾܾ˿ôأǻôѿģôһﹲأһŪˣ淢ôأǿɾ̫ˡ 
మ÷ǲ淢ģΪϾйôʱĽˣܾҲ͵ͷˡֱϾ޷һСˣһʱ˷֮⣬ĻǽźͲ 
మ÷أϰµġ룬һҪԼ£Լôأ˳𣿲ԼкøеġøйøУˣԼʲôʲôأǾܾأ᲻߳ŭأ᲻ǿԼأ 
ʱ˿˵Ѷȡͷ¡Ƚ֮£మ÷Щ 
һ뵽ǿ֣మ÷ֺ£е˷ܣǱʶеƵġ 
ѧҷ󲿷ŮԣǱʶﶼϣԼǿĿܡΪʲôԸأԭһǶǿΪеʹ̼һŮҲһԵҲҪ͸ԷϵܴͳµԼصƣ־ôʹ֪ʹûԼҲͨġһǿǾͻ˵ǿеģԸģһŮأǾͳͬܺߣͲسе뾭ѵˣϾͻõ˽ѡ 
˿̣˶ءﾲĵģ·ˡ 
һ΢΢е㷢òײŰһݵమ÷ǰе˵ȵˮɣ 
˵ţԼҲһƿһߺϣһ˵ⷿǸҸĸģǻûء 
һ˵⻰һ뻺һ½ŵҲǶԷӵమ÷иĲ²⣬֪רΪѰӡ 
ȵϣ˵仰˵ԷһЩһֻ֪ǸӼʱ̵ǰĶƽＤԼô˵鵽һôҲԡܾ;ܾξΣأ 
ôţ͵ˮѵƴˣڴˮһ׼ֻصమ÷ߣػһ÷ 
һ̫ţ̫ˣе㷢΢Ƿһ֮ڣԺңԶ⣬ռ䣬మ÷ĶģֱҡҲ΢Ľ΢΢ 
ҵС￴һӲ 
һƺһִߵáһʱ䣬మ÷ƺɥʧ˼־һĻ͹ԹԵظȥˡ 
Сһమ÷һӾסˡӵľԼЩЧûмģ͵ĵƹ⣬ɫĴ̣ζЩ˲齽롣һ˰һŮ쵽ֵطֻһĿģǾҪϴʶһʱܵؿ˿ſڣƺҪ·Ƶġȴ˽һôҲá 
ʱһգеõమ÷⵽ľܾţһϮһʱ֪మ÷Լʱ˿̵顣ֻͨһɼعమ÷ǰ˫ֱסĴȣߵ˵÷ѽҰɣ̫ϲ 
һ˹ڵһŮ־ʵĳֻӰƷС˵ܹʵమ÷û˵һ̫ͻȻˡһʱŵò֪ˡŮԣĿ˹Լǰο˻ǺԼһ칫ﹲµĿƳأæȥһһ߽Ͱ͵˵𣬱𣬱 
˿̣һȫȻ߳ܺͽţమ÷ʱһеؾư§סһ򴲱ƶమ÷˵ֻ˵һ֣ͱһˣҲ˵ 
һȵ֮һŷſ֡మ÷ʪй⣬Ϊίˡʵ˷ܵԭ򡪡һæ˵Բ𣡶ԲҲá 
һǸεվʹա 
మ÷Ծڴϣ΢ЦҡҡͷԭʼƽʱĺøУսʤ֮߳ĺʹͳĵ¹మ÷Լһһػһ硣 
һһһûʲôˡٴθȥĴ󵨵ͬʱڳ֣Ŀȥ   
35   
ǡ     
ʮ 
糿ϰ಻һ칫ҽξʹ绰һ򲻴齫ȥȱ֡ 
һܲأµ绰һ룬׼ǹ˾ֳڼңȻ޴齫أ 
¥ΰ칫ҡһʵһѡûڼѽ 
ڼأ 
ڼ㻹޴齫 
ڵλңԼļҡ 
һеƶһѡûϰأв𣿡 
ĲˡԵе˷ܣеӡ 
Ĳ 
ǲ֪֯ҡһѡ̸ˡ 
̸֯զˣ 
ݮԵô̸֯˵ɶ£Ҫ˶£ 
Ҫ˶ˣ 
뵽ԼɺӵĹУ˾ֳæжԼһҪ˶ߣвеܡ 
¾ֳ˭أ 
һʰϵĶһ˵֪ۣ 
˵֪ıӦ֪ˡ 
ݮ㿴ŽΣֺõҿӦǼ;ֳ䣬Ī 
ε˭˭ɣû˵ûܵʱܼ˵ɣˣ˿Ųã¥Ϻݰɣûҡ 
ݮʵʼ;ֳ治ѽ 
⼸ɱˡ 
ݮȻæ˵Զԣ⼸Ƿǳʱڣǿɱ鷳ׯƳɣ 
˵գ˾͵˶¥վſڣׯڰ칫ǰأ˵齫 
ׯҲܲӣ˵£ 
ϴƵʱ򣬻ܳûŮʿ֣ð˵ԼȹЦˡЦˣ˵̫̫Ҳû˰ѽǲǣ 
ׯЦɶѽʮһ 
һ仰ѴҶЦˡ 
ѽ 
Ϻݰɣͣ 
ϺݡϺڣ٩Ⱥء 
γ٩齫ţһ 
ָʾ˭Ҳհ졣٩˵߷䵹齫 
齫ˡݮѽ 
٩֪ݮڿæ˵ǼɣԱ߿֡ 
ׯԸݮһ棬°٩ʶôϳæ˵ˣ⼸鲻á 
ʵҰϵˣ 
٩̾һҵⲻǿʼ𡭡 
Ǳ齫ţ߰٩ͽǼǿӹǸӱˡҵɸ˵ˣüԱЧ𣬾͸Ǽλˡһ¾͸һٶǮѣɶܡЩˣ˵ؼҾͻؼˡ 
һߴ齫һĵ˵Լĥҵʲô¸¡ 
ܸɶѽʱ˶ 
ȺüóȥģԼҵ 
˵ɶأ˶ˡҵЧǻûԼǮҪǮ³أ 
Ⱥߵ˵ȳаԼ̣Ȱҵˣٰҵö඼·ӡ 
ɶ·˭զģȥѽ 
Ǯģ 
˵ 
ľ޿ôأ 
ܲأҲǸĸϱߵߣҲй쵼֮һ˭ϳǾָ֧ĸ֧Ǻģò˵أЩ豸ֵǮ˵ǷӵծжٽֵǸۺ¥ǰ껨ٶ½ģλúã۶ǮԺĵطϴˣƤɣҲֵüģһ㣬׸һ 
Ⱥ಻סеķŭ˵ʲװʧˣ̫ϧˡⱳ󣬿϶ĳֽסȻôô˵øЩأ 
٩Ҳߵ˵ǻ˵Щ쵼ҲɵӣҵֵǮûǸԸֳԿΪͼ𣡸ƵʱʲģǶӵĶ䡪衣쵼ùپǶ٣ջ쵼ġ 
ʲôᣬɶ׳쵼˵㡣ֻҪǹҵĶôھôڡĸĸôôģȥľЩ̰ǡǲףһĸ̨֮߳ǰΪʲôûӦ걸ԤԤأѵҪȵʲʧòʱ򣬲𣿿ǻ˵걸ԤʩֻҪܲͬ衭 
ȺǱ߷߷ߵ˵ţׯͽֱüͷݮһתȺźݵ绰أ 
ȺΪ棬Ͼܳȥˡ 
ׯһ򣬳ݮĴָ˵ǸģߣʵǸߣ   
36   
ǡ     
ʮ 
°ʱһϲһ˲С·¶ʱԸϡĸо˫ʵʵڵزϣڵߣʵһܡ֪ԼΪʲôôжӣũ峤˶һԸأǾסִеһֻعȻĿأ 
°ʱһڰ·յţĳһ޾ڵþ֮С 
ڴʱȻҸһ˿£һʵιɶ 
·ϺȻİһЩĪͣ½Ų˿˿Ƶ˵ǲʶѽǹҽʲôɶ 
һ˴ʣֱ˵ʵǲǽһ 
һӸеΣزʶģô֪ҵأһСһСģʱ;ˡɫûôڣ·˻ܶ࣬ҲǴϢ׳ŵ˵ôʲô𣿡 
˶ʱ¶ͬؽе˵㡣 
δ䣬СӾžض 
ȴ˵һͲǿ׳Сֽܲˡ˲Ǻúӵļͥѧ顢ϰ֣˳īԸ񣬶ԴܶŹɱɱ鲻мһˣ˵оƲ𣬳Ժ󣬴û˭֡һ仰ûлȭⷽľ顣ʱֻм֮޻ֻ֮ȭţͱ˼ҴڵءȫˣֻǱֻܵ棬ͷϺƵ˼ߴ 
ܿ죬Χ;ۼˣһž۾֣ûһǰ衣ֹСӿƴˣȴеμҵʣ֪ҪԣȭӵͬʱûǶúࣺСӣҲףŪ˵ţ͵ýܵƤ֮ࡣܵƤ֮࣬Ͳ᳤ԡ 
ȻЧȺо˺ô򣬴úá 
֪һʲôأȻһɴ˾СһˣΪ˱˰ץˣ֮زز 
һѵشӵϱһһ顣ҲˣѪȧһˣеۣͷţһһе³еıըʽͷϣ·ϣģϵѪͳ࣬һĨһһеӡڰϵͲʡ 
򶷵ѾɢȥǲصĻὦԼѪǾ͸ӿ뿴Ū˵ŶľǺεˡ 
һĶ䱻á˶˶ػţʽͷŵġͷ֮⣬Ⱥ 
ôǸյǰĿͺѯ 
¡֪񽲽Ա 
Ϊɶģ 
߲㡣 
Ӵòᰣ 
ã˼ҵž͸ô򡣡 
һȺ濴¿Ϊ顣 
Ҳˡǿʹһȳһյ߳ΧȺ·ߡ⳵Ͽѿľء⳵ʾ⡣˾Ǽ⸱Ǳֲֿģû˿ͣ 
ƽʱܰУµãҪ򳵶ûˡû취ֻһȳһյšȱһҽԺȥϲƵĵطþƾ޲˲ҩִһѪ塣Ȼһȳһյߡ 
ص»һ⸱ģŻˡæḧϺϵ˴鿴һ֮̾ʵѽ˭ģ 
һֻ˵֪˵Ͳʶˡ˵أ 
һ˵綼ˡ 
ûɵĿ˵ϲʶôأ׼ʲôˡ 
һ˵ûеʲôˡô˵׼మ÷ɷĳС˸ɵġ 
һµһ㶼û°ʱھһλſڲԶĵطͣһ⳵ĸˣһమ÷ɷĳɣһĳɵĵܵɣ˾ĳɼıŹһСӡһ߳λſڵʱĳɾڳСָǸˣһȷ֮ɸ߳⳵־룬ظšһ֮ɾÿˣ߳⳵·ߣСһڣСӾ˳ֱһȥһһ֮죬СӾϵ·ߵĳ⳵һأ˾ˡ 
һ֪ʲô˴ģȴܶ˵Ҳܶκ˵ֻܴʣԸưͿ 
һ֪Լ⸱ģûϰ࣬糿͸λֳܾ˵绰˵Լ岻ҪڼϢ졣 
һڼϢ죬Ҳǰĵڶ죬糿ϰʱ򣬵λͬ·ִſڵǽһֽôӡдĴ֣дǣһҸŮǸɫ֮ͽ 
ֽ֣ȻĿλͬ˭ߵſǶҪͣΧſһϵˣеҲפۿܿ죬ſǶ;ۼ˺ܶˡǽͷӶ۷׷ס 
మ÷û뵽йϵҲȺҪһҪιȥѪѹһӾˣͨ졣һѽֲֽҲĻǲУ͵ڳǸҸŮˡ 
²ؼ˭¿֣˭ִû˭뵽Ҫֱֽ͸ֳϰʱ򣬿ֽϵݣǵԵλӰ첻ã˰ 
һֽʮ֣ʱʹȫһƬȻ 
ЩĿһУ˽ְ۱ǷǷǵǣһమ÷Ĺϵвۣǻ¶ģСֱĳֲ̫⡣֪ߵУȻسˡЩƽʱƹ۲죬Ա˵ǷǷǲô⣬ϢôͨǣզһСֱеǳ𾪺⡣ȺСֱ֮󣬾ͺһ˫ɻ۾Ǹ˵ġҸŮ˭ѽȺ⣬֪ĵȻֻҡͷ֪ҲֻЦ 
֪Ļǲ֪ģǶձΪСֱǸνҸŮɷΪΪǶλмеĳ޺ͶԡҸŮıֻɷĲӦָġ 
ؾһ۷׷ף˽̸۵Ķͬһ⡣ı鵱пԿ̬ĲͬеϲЦտǶһĻɶʣֻģеһɣǲ֪˲²֣еҡͷǸͬĵ˶ԵߵľеźǡҸŮϧ 
ڱ۷׷׵ʱమ÷һ˴ڰ칫ԲֺޡߵƱѾ³ǱġҸŮԼ޵һǸˮȥּ˵£ͬʱҲԼ̰ͼСˣûܰպԼԼɷ̫ݣڻٵһͬʱҲˡ 
ŶһĿλ޲ȥ䡣תһ룬ȫ˼˼Ҳûǿ㣬ԼԸصɷһһ룬ԼֵóԼͱ˺ã˼Ҵñӣ׼˼һȥ˭ҲֲãҪֻܹԼ 
ҳݣ¼ˣ֪ԺԵλͬ¡ 
ͬʱһ»͵ĵλſҲһСֱдǣ»͵ɷһҸŮǸɫ֮ͽ 
»ͿСֱʱߴ㱳ȥֽȻȴڳﴫ÷зʵ޷ڵλȥˣ쵼˵Լ岻ٻ˼ҡ 
һţһƨɳϣӵؿһ֪ʲô飬ôˡһʣڵؾվָһ߷ߵµĺ£ҽôˣ˵Ϊʲôأˡãôûء˵ֿ 
һԭί룬군ˣ군ˡ 
ʱ»ͻĴңϣһΪԼ⣬ϣСֱ˵ĲʵϣǱҥ̰ǣһȴһԲڴϡ 
Ĭϡһжˣ»ٲʲôˡ 
һƵǶ»͵ͲһȥһסĲӣȥ 
ʱһֺޡߵǶԲԼӣܳʹ࣬޷ˣ޵ԼȻ˶䣬ǰҡС㡱ԲѾɳܵˣֹ˼ҸŮŪѣôأͬʱҲమ÷޷ڽѿأɷΪأȥԼһˣһˡˡ 
סӵʱһ˵ðɣɣȨӦɣǾҾһĻôҺˡˣҲһֽѡ 
һţһƾӺȥ 
ʱ»͵ͺʹӵࡣֻҪһģ߶һ£иŭıʾͻסֵġһƫƫôһԣһƵסҲͣԽԽԽԽֱаӵʱֻһͨ죬͹ 
»ڲˣ֡ 
һ˼ĺӣؿš»Ϳ⸱ģۣ̲ס 
ϣһԶԶ˯ɳϣ·ûѡһ˵ҪԼɳȥصûһ仰û˵ô¹һҹһҹסذһҪȥһر顣ȰȰɻȴҿڡһû˯һҲǳҹδߡ 
ڶ糿ۺ׵ҲûǮԼȥԵʲôӣѧؼˣѼȥӲ֪﾿ʲô£ίӣͶ԰ְֲٳʱعͷԹƺ޵صһһۡ 
Ҫϰʱ»绰˼١ȻӾͿʼʰкӵģģӴ·ˢëƷӶװˡһһҪߣˣæȰ衣̬ȼ˵ˣԼԼģ㰮˭þͺ˭ȥû˸㣬Ҳһ𶪺סʱһҪȥ͵˦ˣһˤһ˾ˡ   
37   
ǡ     
ʮ 
׻˵Ӳѱ߲ݡŮϵҲɻڱλ㡣 
ڻصλŮռСٵŮԵУƯеɫеĵȻ͸ˡܿҺ¥ȿ͹ƣüеĵвһŮġһ˵ЦΧ̫תһΧ˭ӿһ㣬˭ֶ̫ӽΪκһ˵Ĺܶ˵ķСǴҾͶСرһľ룬ά໥֮һƽ⣬һСȺĺгǢϵи֮뱣ֵƽһŮ˵ΧҷԴȴһַе׻˵ģǶ˲ޡӢoffice wife칫ӣӦǴҹеģӦרĳһ˵ġһ鵰˶Լһݶ˭ֶ˼ȶȥá 
һʶôƽ⣬鵰⣬Ǿǵձ鷴кͼɺޡ֮еβסеķʱԸ˵ת֮ԱǣеȻװûʹǰһĨġ 
Ƚ֮£ŮⷽıҪǸӿЩ֮మ÷ŮǻʹǰһһûԶеǰ׽ˡҪమ÷ԵãձΪƭϵģ౧֮ͬ⡣һŮǵбȽΣʲô뷨Ҳױһ棬ŮжһԸⱻյ򣬶Իеֻ֮ǰ棬ڴͳڼͥѣŲðա˵ʵƷǵĺġǶڳз˻ٵеĽǳ롣 
ԭǶమ÷ûٱġ 
ɷĳɲʧȥమ÷Ҳû̫Ϊ 
మ÷ɷĿͬһ̬ȣĴмĺһ׶ϾϵԶջ 
һľԶమ÷ˡ 
棬캢ӻңʣԼһˣ䱻ѣò뵽ĸҳϴԭ£ӽӻ˼ȴûȥĸҵſ 
ڵλоǶԸˣ٩ϺҲǰˡƺڱָָ㣬۷׷סԱ޵ݣͷĬĬضԼǸС¶įΪ顣 
һعšׯȻһ˶ڶƳСΪԼǰ˳ᢣżҲϢصѲһȦȻϢػصСȥϺͰ٩Լİ칫ټįһߵĴϵرϹģ٩ȺǰעĴ⣬п֮ʱǰһЩ̸ۣСȻĽ˶ʱһ־ϣ㻹ǰ칫ΣЦǰˬˣسǵΣŽαǰӿݮ˷ƣθƳֹమ÷ûб䣬ֻǻǰࣻһĬĬشԼĽû¾͵ͷǷݡձ 
ΨһһݱֽȥؿţҪǵĹ»صӴԪǵ⽻еķ飻ȦǵĻŵϰΪּ̼ҵĲƷܵ׳Ůҩ桭һǿôһƽʱôıֽһһشżįʱ⡣ 
һ죬һڱֽһλÿһƪйذ̲¡±ֽһʱ䣬ԼŸð˺üأһԣ½˺üһȻ룬Щǲǰ̲֢״أ뷨һ֣ɰŻˡ 
һڿİ칫ǰ顣͸񷣬Ȼһ־ηСеڤڤ֮ƺһڿ࣬ͽ߽ϵۣй˰үÿĳΪĵһ̶ȵʱүͻĳʽԳͽ䡣һ룬̲žү಻Ϊһֳͷɣ 
˷ʥͣ޹أүҲƽģջ㣬ҪͷĹʧ˭ܺүȥأ 
ҽѧˮƽһֲ͵һúܲңʹࡣһڵͿֲ˵Ĳ״룬ԼǾȡӦáҲȾӣȾమ÷ǿôأȥԼء 
⻹һֲ²ѡ˵ҽԺﶼרֲӦȥһ£ԼɹԼŻԼǣһ֤ʵĸȾֲԼָأɱϾǻɣһ˿ϣϣǲġһɵõ֤ʵҪɱԼˡʱһе伲ҽˡ 
ӴսˣһһӰӰѹȵ 
һܲҪʱ¡űֽ뿴ݣתһԼע 
һҪڱֽһǵķֿһݣʰ𲻽޴ģ߿ͽ̡ 
̶һλһ統ͷһȣһ飬۾סˡԭΪѼ񵽵ǮΪнǸ⣬⣬ڲ֪ԭҲΥΪ 
ҹһʧˡ 
棬ʱյţ棬꣬֨֨Ľһһ㺮ʮʹޡת۾ҪȥϾҪˡ 
һڴϡԼԴӼǶʮǮӴ⽫һʱô飬һһԼԻһѵԼעҪһ⾿һѽ 
Լߣаˡʲôʱܻأܻܲأ 
£ίУԺＯʵķϾҪˣٹҪһʷˡֻҪһǮʱͿõԿˣӾԼˡ 
ǵʱڡձ￴ǸһԥˡǸӾҪҪأҪɣ÷ǷǮģ˵ʲôʱֻԼ鷳Ҫɣʵе̫ϧˡô죿ô죿׸ô죿ţ˯ˡ 
һһΣεԼѾ¾ӣ¼ҾߣһжȻһ¡¾ӵĵڶ죬ͰѸĸũϼҽˡĸһңذ嶼սȥ˵úϲ£졣ĸ׸˵ӣһȺۻеİο㡣ǣȻһҹһ񻰹һ·һӱˣεӰ١·ûˣϷˣһС޼ҿɹ飬޴Ͷں̹ǵĶҹɪɪضһš 
ڼȱʹ֮Уһ͵һ;жһ˳оһӾ˹УܵæסȼǸ׸йĶȥŪ˱졣鼱֮£ʶشµ죬ֽ 
һûжʱԭѾ춼ڼˡû취ֻԼʰЩ 
º龰ȻĿһʹգգۣŬǿµξǽһجζѡ 
ѵһԤѵ˵ǮľòãҲҪܵͷ𣿿Щ̰أЩƭ˽ǮƵƭأúúõܵͷмأǼǧ̰ǧƭӲԼ񵽶ʮǮǮһӣܲأ˼ǸܵˣԼûǸò 
ʱһĸоǶʮǮһöʱը˵ʲôʱͻᱬըһ뵽ǶʮǮͻ뵽͸е˿˿ġ룬ֻҪǮ¶Ǹ¶ֻҪǮͲаʱ 
ǣôأѵİȥ 
ǮѾӻȥһˣǸСҲһ㣬ǰѵһʷ˻ǶʮĿ 
Ҫȥֽ˭أ 
ҹĵģϵĹӻյţ껹ţʱš 
ô죿Ҫ˵ǶʮǮҪȥʲôʱܻأܻܲأôأУԼҪҪȥҽԺһأļֲָأ 
һ⣬ħһһͷͣʹ಻̫ˣ̫ˣҲ̫ˣڶʱ˯ˡ 
2003124 
2004610޸ɽ   
38   
ǡ     
 
˵ҶдİãҪ׷ݵܾǰǵһѧҵʱҵһƪ¾бϷˡ꣬ϸúѧУרҵΪѧרҵȤѴʱ;Ķѧ鼮棬ѧŨȤ־Ҫⷽɾ͡ 
ҵȻѧƽµȴ֮ɵļǱһìʹ״̬֮УڹӦŬȡʱȴ룬ҽҪѧȡóɹģϵʲôأǱѹῴˣѧĵ·ϸеάʱ룬һݺܺõĹһҪѧԿͷǱѧĲˡŪׯڲɣͣ󡣵޷߰סϴСʱ򣬲һʱȡ¿źΣҲˡ˵ĵ 
Щ֮࣬ʱʱۣĶ̵ģܻдһЩģҲżڱýϷġ泤ƪС˵⻹ǵһء 
Ժĳɹ־еǷԺϲãҪۿˡô˵ҶѧʧȥȤɥʧ˴ʱȡһɹɹ΢٣ɹܱȲɹáˣⱾ鸶֮ʣܻǸеһ˿οġ 
ڶԱۣЦŭɶߡ 
Ҫ˵ǣᣬ׷ӣǵ˼ԽԽˣʧȥ˳ߺʹ࣬һ񾲵̬ȥָŵĴѧĶѧԽԽʧȥꡢұٵĹܣǲ෹һִǲǸ˿ģûжߣٺõʲôأ£һûʲô֪ȵҪȡóɹͲòؿߵϲá 
ҵԽԽˣڱķʲôΪҼȻѧ·͵üȥһ仰̫ѧȡóɹˣҲòӭϴߵĿζ뷽跨ץסǡеĸо뵽ЩĳԱΪûбʲô汾죬òԼϺ˿ġȡ˵ͬʱԼеĸо 
ұϾһʮˣ˼ĨһЩͳĶôҲȫߵΡñһҩʦµİҪŽһЩҩԵĶµĺ񱡣ҩԵĶ٣һʱҲղá 
ǸҵߡЩһдǧ֣¾дһĸ֣֮ĪҪ˵ǣҵⱾдͦ࣬дͦۡһĹ֮󣬱˿ڼ￴ӣѴ齫ϷԺ֣εȴҪǰ۾񣬿˼ڤ롣ûиоʱҿһϣɵۣһֶдòдһ㣬Ҫã޸ġеļʵҲǺȻģһܳߣȴҪͼдһͬƷⱾעҪԿͷġ 
Ȿ鼴ʱң˵Ҹд֮ĶƷ֪ȣҲۡҵĻشǣңҡΪƤδؾʲôЧһĶ߶ԣҪӦƷǱʲôƷӦɶԼȥжϡοӦ棬Թʵ֮ǵأ 
֪ߣ䲻֪ҪƷó棬ӮöߣҪرĵذƷдã෴Щ֪ң֪ԼӦӲϾѱûƣӦʱ򡣴˵߸ӦùעЩ֪ߵƷ 
Ҳ֪߿Ȿ֮󣬾ܹۡͷ˵һ䣺Уе˼ôѪҲûа׷ѣҲԵҵĶˡ 
2004824   
39 

TXTС˵վhttp://www.27txt.com
Ԥ,24Сʱɾҵ;ϲ빺ͼ飡