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1
үүүˣ

үҺõúܣľʹùͷСӼŪС~~~`~~~СġСѩ׹⻬ëֱ֡

ү㻹ģ

СӼÿޣװûС㿴ҲСǲǺƯ

үƷǴ СĨ˰

˵ôСˡСԽԽûûСүҲ档

˼ôˡǸšСһԴż£үϿȥӺӴˣ

ִˣ鷳ȥӰǷֿҲûãҲܲˡ

˵£ʹǽӰѾŽڱҲˣ

ǰɣҵļһﶼó͸ȥˣȥǾһ

үҲûġС̸

ȥҵӰ

ү˰ɡ СɵһƢˡ

ڿǡϡҪȥҴӣ

ǰҶˡգ

ү۵СӺˣӴ򶷵ĵط-----

ˡūţô˵ˣˣٲȥʮ

ԶԶĴĶˣʩչδùṦǰ

˳ƷͣЩȣϵۿһ롣

˳Ʒͬʱͣһ˲һּųӣȻԤϻ⻹Щɥ

ٲֹͣҿҪüҷˡ вڷϼսȴîȫԷİҲʡˡ

˳ˮĽֱƷɵĸҪƷҲкݶ׷ʲôҪöԷأսͬʱеĿܡ

űľѰʱ׼ȥֹ˵ʱһӰವ÷ݶûô˳ƷеĽӾͱȥؿˤ

վϽסϽƷɣȴסԶ˳

ƼûУ޺檵ĲƷ˳Ƶ

˳Թ޵ĿۿЩ졣

ģ˵˳ȴƲͷͣҲһסֻһ˫ֲǡ

ү˾ͽ˳·ϣǲǸüҷ

Ʒɣ㻹˵˾ͽ˳书ò㣬׼ʹ˱ֶΣ˭˭檻ָ

òҰƷɿɲŮˡ

ƷɱסĲЦǰϣӾͿˣľ˿òҪ

û˵òǱȲŮүеĿɲÿ˭үźƷתͷʵǲү

¶ǵĻˣƫƫֲܲش𣬡,֪һҲ

Ʒ㻹Ƥɣ

ֹûС

ͳ΢ɳ˯ѵǡ

ӣ

Ʒ̴˳Ҳͣס˽Ų

衭ڰ ˵ƨȿ־Ҳ˵ʲôõĻ

ڰһˡŪɢͷġ

𣬴ôٵɫɿعϣ´ûϵ¶˴롣

үˡ

ӦõġƷɺ˳ȣûĵļһﾹȻⱳղŻҪҪɱǸá

еܾܣ

ҡûš

ҿԺ󶼲óˣ

ŭţȻסã˿Ʒɡ˳ҷźﲻôƫظӵ֪Ҳү

檺ίѾߴīȻһ̨ס

ղŻµ˳ڴԴһҲһء

ӴīнӹӸǲȡ֮ȻѴӵλҲøˡ

ûô롭

Ļˣһ˳ƷɰظһҲֻ˵֣ظǡƽʱֻҪƤƣƫƫϡ

û˵˵ΪηҪ檡

ΪΪ

˵ͷִͱȥˡ

ʲô˳ܲȴֲܷ

ϵѵһȻͬ˳ԼҲ

һˮƽԭ˳ܷƷȻҲⲻˡ

īʯӰˡ

ǽѾˣҲӡƷֻ֪ţʯĽ˺ܾãʹЩǳֶβΪ֡

١ʵ

ʮ

ʲôУ˵ģͷȻڲ

īʯͽٸʮȥѽˣͷͨҾشĮȥ

УٳĬˣʮģֻСôܱͷ

īʯӰˣȻһ뻹ҡӣ

һ룿

ܣô

ǣү

ֻҪظ˲˵үĻʥּá

ôֻʣһˣƷɺ˳أ

Ҳˡ

ֺ£

īտܶ˯ãûʲôߵĶԡĨīյˮΣⱲӶ롣

Ѿͷ

˵׹аĹЧ

Ѿͷ

ร֪үɷ



һ¡

ȻͷӻҪȥ˯ƨͷţ

ӡ

ǰ£ϵáŶ壬ɴ˻չԼ

Ҫܡ

ǣ˭ҲܲˡĻ塣


2
Ϊ£ϵʵʵ

ˣطҪ⿪鷳ǻȥߵġ

ǺǡϰߡϰߡָЦš

ȥš̾˿Ժ׼һȥЩӲǴġ

İС˵㵸ллˡǡ

ˣ˫ؿīųԿ롱˵뿪

ߣŮҲηظλӵĽɣϧġ

ȺҸ

үȥɡСӳ˳ү

Сӣүһɱ˷Ż𣬶캦үԺζģҾͺЩȸﲻˡ

үӹ˼ҳԺζļӡСʵʵ˵

ôүޱǰָ̧СӵĶݺݵȥСӽסҲڡ졣

ִὫڰºʮ˷ӥС

ԭִһΡΪǸֺ֮ʩչܵĻᣬѡܳһ

ԺָʿִһθΪһһΡȻͬ⣬ٿִһһΣ鷳ˡ

ظκԡ¹أֻдظһλµĹؿʸսȡ֮λ

ȥֱ꣬ǶչȺϹܰѹأǿνһ򵱹ĪСүֵУය

ǣͬ˵ȥָѹص˾ͽ˳˴εִᣬ˵ʿֱӶ

μִȥʮֹС϶Ҳմմ׬Ǯ

ллϲСӴ͸ϰһӣͷЦúϲ졣

ʮȲҲûˣȿϻࡣ

үģӲЩ˵ġСӱ߰οЩ޵󱲣һүͷӵظ𣿡

Сһֲۣźҡ

Сͣ³ͷĻСֻܸүӶѾźš

Ӵίݷ±ɹҡ

үȵңСӸϽͷ׷

ͺˣ̫ɹͷۻҲ֪ǲǶģڲܾñ˶оܲ

үҰ

ѽͻȻͣ£СӸײĽų졣

㱳ʲôһװ¡

үʳСӽŵؼĶвء

үͷǳԵ

ǵģЩģ˵үʳ塢ʮպãү㻹ûġСһƽֽóµľźš

ڲôóСֵĳû˱ȵϡ

ô԰

Сͷ

ͷ⻹ó𣿡˵үݸСһϺ跹

Сӿ۾ֱһڴĭǱȥͷ

ˡζʱ˷ĵ¡

ˡСӵͷڵŲ

ˡ

ŮӭʶּԷ

ǰʵȥӥ·𣿡

ңСӴʹӵķΣǾֻʣԼˡ

ǣӥǷȥ

·û֪ÿ޻ǸЦʮ˾˳Ϊ

ŮҲǰ˽ò״ŻҹС㡣

ϹͤϹ𩣬ϹơϹӨϹͤ棬ȫнȴӵܵİ

Ŷλڡʳ˵塣

㣡ϹĿһɣνѵϹͤס

ˣڡ

磬˾ҲǷΪʲôѵϹԹֳ

С֪λǱãߵС̴˫Ŀ书ٹź˵

Σ뵽Լ˳׺Ϲƾʲ

ִڼ˿̾СϹͤ棬֮λϹڱصá

үϹҵˣӵݣ

֪

ô᲻ʶү 

ô֪һСĹȻ塣

үͨ˶ӦʶġСӺȻԼûӡ

ȻͨȻš

һ·ҲûʶүүǰεִûμӣЩҲڽ߶ȥ˭֪үĴ

үҶûô໰㷢ʲôɧ

ү˴εִһҪظǣԼüظѾˡ



λ˲ȣֻµʱ


3
ʵǲ顣պϹܾʹæ

ò衱СڵźϹܣԼү

šϹܻʾС£СʶΪϷš

ظѾһ࣬ÿμⲻ˸̾ΰӢͦô˳Ϊң˿׷κŮ˵ģλһء

ҲڼҺúϢϹ׼ȷҵĳλš

Ϊ㻹ǰǸôϹ£ϼ¡

ǰϹҵˡ

˭Ϲʵ

ĸãк壬ǶûϳԷ

ȥӭǻģɽǵȻϲ

ǲ̫æûüԼһӵͦģ˵ֻòˡ

ǲ̫ˣһ֡бҪ̵һ¡

εӥ²ǿ֡˵ԼĿ

Ϲ͵˵Ϊ֮λ

ܣҲûд

ߣûǲҷԽԽ

ܣһйص鰢ͻʧء

ܡɢͳջŰܣ˳ر۾

ѹڳϽ⿪

ү㲻ɡխĳôˡ

ֻԷ

ȥϡ ƼŪջĴɶ



ǳ鴤һܿЦã³ϵĽڵذϣ

ʱԡˣһݵζѹֽղƿҡءýǰصһȭͷ

һǶã̽밮˵ĺͥᲦŪš

֪ܾ޳ӱýģƤܵϸ

ǰɣ̫ˡ

ͻȻ뿪ȫİܴ˸һûһ͸ҩָ࣬պͿĨϹ˽

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ٵȵȣȻ²˴

ĴβǱ㡭ͦͻȻ밢ǵһСȻĺⲻ˽ܺαػԼ

Ҫҡ

š

ܵͷ̧ʼɶ

ܣ˯ˣԵˣȱæ˯ԡ١

Ѿǳǳ

ϰ֮ˣҪԼһߴ˻Ǽ¶

߳ţѷ˸׵ԡͰҲﲼΧСӻôġ

ΪϹܶ٣ִ֮ǰϵ˷ӥСӵٶִҲδصˡ

ϹôˡǷӥڳе˶Ȳѡ

֣ôӭ

ϹٷӥϷңӭ֮ЦһģһԵæʵλǣ



ʲôӡ

ټĻͻȻѻȸһƬȻǰλȴӲ

¸صʵ

ε̯̯֣ǵġôضʷ

ƫƫȴ˿Ǵ̹Ȼ緶еͷ֮ˣ˸ĹۡŮǣһԸӢΰӲô

һɧ֮Ϲڷӥȴպִᡣ

ͱöסˣѰȥǼͯڶͨȸȴĺܸˡ

壬ҲϲСŮÿкš

ϲǡ

ҲμִģĶСкҲϲС塣

ؿ

ؿǲиظǸؿϴĺʵ

ûиظǸؿǺǣԼһ

ǣ˵ظߣ˾ȻĿŵȢˡ

Żڵһϡ

˵ȢҲûдǰСŮ

ΪҲǸˣã

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ڵϸʲô

æվôҲˣ

Ƴ˼ͯһۣȥ

ߺСŮ̴Ūкߣθͺ

ҡûУ

ʲôʱ򵽵ģҲʱ𴲡

Է

ţô

ëӵĻԲ·

ûУôᡱЦúǿ

4
˵רͷࡣ

̫ϣǲ̫̫Ҳðϵųȥ

أԹˣû

¡̧ͷڶϣһùȥеġİӡȻһݸ

ӥʰ˿һҲϲ⡣

ʵҡ

ʲʲôûʲô°

㾿ʣɹ

ԭ£ؿٴɿҲûɡ

ͻȻ޴ĳڵء

ŵɫҰףȥԼȴһˡ

û°ɣҿſڵϾ͸ҲԼжǱ

û£ֻǾԣһͺáûȫԵֽ§ڻﰲš

Ҳֻ֪ľҪԶãҲٶԹſϣ֪˫صĽ⿪´

һĸʵϸӷ

ϾͿ𡱺ûƤ

⼸깦򲻳ǵ¶ԽԽˡվȹצ߳šֵһˡ

ţư죬ؿʹɡ

ִᵱգӥ

ظҴκȻͬϹϹڲ࣬һǰֵĴʱںСҲ޷¡

Ϲ֮ǰϵ̨

ӥصΪκϹȴ£һһվݲԶ

ԣִҪҲҪģֳַĲıԡ

ֱĳЩٿֲܱȵֻǡλô

ˣһз·ʤȯգʵֲСѹ봫Ժпܲʵλʵز©Ȼ˾͵òһѵòݴ

μִ˺ֹǧֻʤʮ˲лսһ䶷ķʽѡ书õʮˡ

Ͻûʲô¶ԸȥҲҪֵӵ̨ԡڼҼλ˴ñÿˣϷƮƮȥʽ廨ţЩ˴дȥҲǼС

պһԽȥ㿷µĶǽŵŵʿЩ˴׿ĸߣšӥٱ󷲡ϹŵϹͤԽĶׯ˾ͽ¡һм䲻ǳ书ȴ١

׹ϵһչλãʿ֮ûнҸͶԭ˼ɵظҲΪظû˿ִˣֶΣˣڶСͬл

ƽԵĽÿ˶ʵϣ˭ԶԸ

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족

˵ĻЦʮٲҲܲʹ˾ͽ¡Ź٣ŸϹܲಮ١

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ʤ͡С͵үȻҲ֡¶⡯ı飡Īǡ

үѾȡʤķ˶ԲԣСһε

Сӣʲôʱүǰ֪˼ʲô

ʱյ

Ӧøϵϡ

ôĶڿʼ˾Ǳ

ĶԺٱԡͻȻϿʼ䣡

ʲôˤ

кβ㣿ĻǶҲǶеˣȻҲ

ûûС͡ڳҲû˷ԣĶҲֻǹˡ

Ȼڷӥôٱɡơ

⡭쵹ǻˣ书ڳ˭Բʵ󷲾ͻ֮ƣĲһָӦԣظλﲻá

Ǿָ̼У㵽ֹʵǸʤ

û˫˺󷲸ǰ˷Ӳĺ󷲸еֱһɣӲѳ顣һͷûˡǡ

Ŵ̳簡ǵȻһҲϡ˾£ҲҪ

˾ͱظʱ˵

㻹ġܽȭͷǻŭй

֪ܵЩȭš ̳ϵ۾գҲգղŵĻƱػӰ󷲣ټҪʤʮ书Ӧòѡ

øʵĹӣţʼඡĻΪ滺󷲵Ľȫı⣬ȴЩ˽


5
ֻȻȻӣŻӮ󷲾Ҫϳţôʮ־á

֪֪˷쿪ʤǺæνȾع۲֡󷲵ĺŶ̴ٿɼǳкļǳγɵģϸָҲҪִ׳һЩȻʲôȴڲ׾

öԸһÿĿ⿴ŦͷˣǾϰɣ

ᣬ󷲱ӽţս΢΢

ϾᰡøʵĹӣţʼඡνȷˡॣһɸ鿪ʧܡ

ŶͷţĻʣôˣ

ˣ

ǽǰõġ

ǰ̫үԴġͻȻ

šǸͷͷۣΪ׽ŪӲϧؽһʯѿСȴشٽĽ

ǰѽû࣡

ҲʹذǰôصĽҲ֪һѡ

󷲱ƵаˣĽ׸ﲻԹϵģǰҪٻһѽ

󷲵Ľʵ֮ܳеλٶ쵫Ԥ佣·ⲻðҪѹͷʹܼвСҲһ

ֻزʹöֿʼ룬ԭĽһ˿ңܰʱܰؾơ

ڣ

ץסתش̱һ˲ƴ󷲺󱳣ȻڿնһתͷԽֻоֻɨĲûлС

ǱЩվȣȻȻƨɣȻϲɫȢ߸ˣûᡭиղ˵Ļ뻹ãԽԽ켸ˡ

ͨٿ˿ƣĪǡѵ

ô˼ҲҪˣΪ˲ϳֻвֶΣȻ󷲲

һζǿпޡƵеһֻ֣ʱʱ󷲵Ҹ¡ǣ֮Фһ󷲵Ľҵú·

̳˻Ȼɻ󲻽⣬ΪʲôͻȻΪʲô

ӴǶˣүµĺܣشҶһţ衣

ܵͷ

硪

Сӣϲ衱

ǡ

ССƬӵȫشүɵȻСѹ

䡱

ˡƽȴַ죬ȻǺǺǺǡ

Ӯˡ

ϲʼһ԰ɡ

һע⵽ģһԵİɫȭͷգСӲϸɫ

ôˣӮ

Ǿ׼ڶԡҶûʤ

ܡû

ֱٴ̳̲סʵһжźˣ

˵ôүģ簲ŵ׵Ǽµӡ

鶷ɾˡ

ͱ£

ʲϸϸһǽŲǧˣ˵ĽŲ

ְָ̳֮ĶȻָƣο⶯ʵƵ

ͣе˾ȴš̳֮ű򿪣ǡʳǽ

ӣСʧС

ӥӭȥСүʧԶӭ

аŲѣô̫

˵ӡΨһ৵ش̬ʮְ

ˣ۾ףһɵӻһպôһ˫

˵ҲʲôСүϸϵѼȥˡ

׹ڰ˳㡱ԭϺүˡ

Ǿү৵ʮ㡣

Ϸʧ񣬲μүæ

ɷ֮Ѻ;·˵أ֪Ҽүڴ˾ͽơ

Ψһһеúòǡ

үǰһ̸߸ϵľүϹؾص

̫ˣڸϵˡ

үڴ˺£

ִԲšէ֣ʳɹʹ졣

ִᣡΨһ״үǰЩӲȾ˷纮ôμִ᣿ҪȻؼʥִΨһͬϷһ㡣

ֱں֣ǰﵱʲôˣȺ۴ΪŭΨһ׾ЩкĴѡ

ǣҼүʲôģλô£ӥһʿ֣֤ľ˴ʹ죡 

˻һڵ̳̰һˣ˽书ǿǶԸһˣֻҪܾˡ

֪ȥ᲻ʰ˼һ̳ĳλˣʮĳһλһ

ǴŵЦȴǿҵѹȸУĿ˲η塣

ϷˡסӳƬҲҴ̳߳вҲֻʱȥ

ү簡Ψһ˷ܵغ

Ǻǣ

þ룬ôΪղŵǰġ

ˡ߳ͷү

󡭴ӱ˼⡭ΨһϽӸղŵԸ˲ӡ

Ѻ;ǿ˳֪

ҡˡô˵˵

Ϊ֮ŲЦүҪһѺ;

ðð

ҪûĶ¡Ѷˡ뿪ˡ

Σ

ߣˣġ

ӵ˲䱩һƻԵ̴ӣѪĽ

̣ܵó׵׵˾һ


6
ջ̲סһŽѹϵɫ´Ҫ·㻹ò˯

ƨϴ˯һСô

У¾û

˯ıҡ˵ֿʼҧĲӡ



ܾû㡭رסܲ͸磬ţòá

С챻˷顣

һᡱ

ƨ⻰˵˼١

͵˼޹˲˫ƾȴ֪ãܿͱŪû

ͷƯĶ껭ȦҲ̽øŪš

Űֹֻ֪˵ᡭ㡱

Ҳϡ

ĥʲô

ıӿеŪҵ㣬

̵ʹ໹ӲţҲȡתͷͷݺݵȥȴ

һ±ֱͷС

ֵźүˡסԲ飬ͿҩָĺѨؿ

ǶšײءšûϣÿηȴϷƵ˳

ڲ˵ʱ򡱳ָŵ㡱

עڵĳʪۿ˫ֽļȴ롣ȫסʼɶٶ졢ײԽԽҡ 

쵰ᡭ

Բ𡭡ʹԶǣ̷Ż˶Ҳζų־á

ճǻÿζ²˴ɳ׵ڿˣ΢ЩǻǰΪСڿ⸱̫ƫƫǰִȻҲ֪

ϴɾһشϣȴҪԼµߡоɼ䲢ۣеˡ

ˡ



ҹʲôͰһӣɨͭŻƳ촽Ƥӡ쵽Ҳڲס



ŭɽϮҲץϵĽͳȥصģɣϹϷʵ龰޲ðƤ

үôһ˶ӺӻСأعܼҼ⡣

ѾȥˣӺСʱͻظ

ӻظˣôûŰ

㡭šûע⡱ע⵽˲Ź֣Ṧͳ뻯

ٶ˵ȥ

үȡ ôһȳһյġ

û

ıɱ׷֮ǰҹϻظ档

˯ˣ

Ⱥ˸ôû㡱

ˡչȺӴʪݸ

˵ʲôһȥҹ㡱

ѵǴӣչȺЦ

ҡȥȥˡ

ֵˣ

С͵үҶź

үСĿˡСӴ߽ŸΣǶСšСչȺ˸˵ӿıСĻ硱

ôȺʲôʱġ

粻ǲ֪һչȺСΪ¡

Сˡ

û¶ˡֻϵ壬ˡ

㻹

ƽˡ

ˣīѾͷڸʲôүĿʱӲ

ү·ºͯӦԼ Ⱥεҡͷ

١

Цʲô

û뵽⻰չ˵

̵з һݡ

͵ܹˡ



ǶӱȽ׺ͰС롣

˵Ϲͤ˾ͽȥִᡱչȺϹܺ˾ͽ˳

˳˺ӣԽûи֮Ҳ֪ ǣΪ

üͷüͷĬ

²ǡչȺ˵ͷ߶Ӧ֪ȥβμִᶼЩʲôˡ

һЩֵķͰ

š˾ͽ»ˣϲ̣뽭һͬǰ

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ûûаֻǾòһҲϡǴҲΪԽ

ϡ Ⱥ͵վݺݵصǴҵﴫģүȴ˵ϡ벻ү𣿡

ǡ

ǸƨҪǸұסı͸ϴɾӣ

ǡ

Ǹҳ

ͷشչȺԵĲ輸ݸ


7

شչȺԵĲ輸ݸ

ԹԵĳŵĲȡ

չȺƽʱһǿǾ춯أ˿ѷɫϳضĿͷ

һչոǿ˫֮ʿΣֵ˾Σ֮Ȩı˽˶ԶչȺȴ簮мӦҶӱԴûѳȴ˶𱩵ӡ

Ⱥһֱ丸ΪˡΪҪչǰһʹȨ齫֮λȴ˿βŭ

Ⱥ侲˵˵˴аȶ֮ơ

Ⱥ˫ɺָ֨죬ҪҪж˿顣

Ϊ𾪵ҪСӣظ̶һûĶӣǸ׺ͽǫǫӵĶȻȴӻֲҲ䣬ᣬӼֱһͷʢŭʨӡ

ȺΪ̫־ɫʼ׽ŲҲЩȡ

װ

ǡĸҰһװ赹ѵûͷεġˣ

ү



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õĻƿˤ˵ϣӣ˵һ򣿡

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һʮ

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ľԼСӻȥźүѾźĻүСӶ䣬ҲûӶ

ҪźӻðӵĶбӣи̫һ˾Ͳ֪Ҫǳɶ¡ڸղȻҪʵ۽Ѻ;һʿ̿ʲ¶ߡ

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Сӡ

ڣү

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㲻棿

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8
Ҫس˵

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æȰҩˣС֡Ʒ˵

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ȣҵĶѾˣҪŰʦѧգ Ĵ˵

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ﲻһСж˹ҩݸǵ书Ҳŵɣ

ԹԺ룬ֵݸࡣ

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šȫڰϣ˫ֵסĲܵŤ塣 

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šָͼСѨǵСĽвѣ

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ȴ⣬ֶס˫־ٸ߹ͷү

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С˵ҩŵĵڶҵɺҩĽҩСǰѶҩͽҩһΪ±ĳЩʳ

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Ҳ֪˭Ƕ𣿡˵űŲλ

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ôɶٶ͸һȥ

ǡ


9
Сӳ˼žֱĮ

ʮµĴĮӦ˵Įǰҹ䡣˶ӵˡ

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ģˣطʦҲܴס

ͨڹطٺʲǡȻֻˡ

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ǰ

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ʦ塭

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ǣӲС

ʱ˿СӶүͶأ벻үȻ˰ز©ĸˡͨٻ᣿ˣ


10
ٻᣬλλʤλáڹķвͬΪڰٻᣬͨٻҲǳɢͨ˵Ȼ޷ǿ˹šԷ书

ҪͨٻᣬòõĹҪˣ

Ҫˡ

үˣСӴУæǰԼүûзļ

Բյһ룬Ϊ˲šûءĹ

֮ض

Ωˡ

ͨɫأҡͷ˵ʵףϹѧ伮ἰ˷ӹɹҲûмˣҲһЩҰʷŰˡȻ޵ɹֻҪʱձضﵽվ硣

С̵ͷͣǰǰүǰ˵Ķԣһʱ 

ʦ֪ôҲֻܵ˷ֶϡѾ

ˣǼպɳʧСֻСˡ

ү㲻ҪˣСѹ˲˭˭;ס½󿴿ܲҡˡ

үѵĺܣҿɵ˰ɡһŴСߵСǰ̴ںţղŵºˡ

ɵСȻ˼˺ð죬ȻЦ˵үҲѵãүʲôʱ򡮿书С߾ͼ㶺񡢶λӻбӽѵЩ¶ûɶ书

Ҫܱ㷢־ͻүˡβͶ졣

պԼɳȣ˵ɳһҲʵûɳҲûϿȣֻǺƽļɳ

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߻ģͨɳ

źʵôѡĵضûС

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ʼɡ

Сվһȥ

˾Ź̵Ļɳ£ʼѴͨζһѪ澭ͨ衣

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СӿĿɿڴͷ¯Ͽһ򿴵һ

ʦ壿

ٵһͨ˫ƣ׼ˡ

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ܣպ˼УǡͨĻ

ʦҩɢȥʦֻҪʦ⼸ղ˽ӴǲģʦջΪҡͨٻᡯ֮ǰȻ˽֡

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11
Ľëڷɿǰס

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㵱治ǵҡסӡ

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[˵㣬ҿ]

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ү

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12
¶ˮԵϣ
һκ˫νǴ⣬ɷˡ

ӭȢӵ֮˵ķޣСȴϲװ硣

꣬λƽޣĩķңȫЩˡ˶÷λɫҾҲˡ

ӵ߸绪檣κ˫Ľʣۺκ˫Եڷƨһңڡ

ǵģֻҪáκ˫Զʧ֮Ϳ뿪κңڵӡ

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ӻҪðֻ׼ȥһܶһġ

ˬǱ߻ȥƿκ˫ȴŪԼ

ֵ

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öҵġ κ˫ͷסС첻ðɷ羰Ļ

ض

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ͷĵȥɣ衭ӻὫһдõġ

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֪

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ȻǺӡ

ӷǳ£ĲȺسЩձȨˣҲΪκ˫ĵܾڳΪٰһκү

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ǣү϶ƨŽڶǰ治ɱŮ˵ѾʮǻзӦġ

סӲͦĻֱţҲŮˣ

û

޷޷үǵö˵Žʹӽóһƿӷ֬ıǶᡣɲʱޱ䣬иǴ׳

置ʥҩӶûܹ

֬˲ú¥ĽɣСٲ˽죩еؾͷһο̶Ȳץ֬ҵس֬͡Ŵ˫ȼϣӯżС

˵ıýЦĺѨ˽ȥ˾蹷һŦһţ˽Ĵˮȫ

һɻϰ⵵£üͷһ¡ݶϵκ˫ûд˵ȶµľ¾˳Щ˲Ҳǣ

˭ʮ̷ɵ

κ˫ԭҪ˽ֻǰʵ񣬾 һݶֱָ 

ǰȴ֪ʱˣκ˫Ľ˽ý֣Խׯ˾ͽ˳һʱ佫κ˫Ѳ

ǸëСӱ㲻ģϵĵڸ֡

˵»˵ãΪҲá˼ˣκ˫ʮһɨˡֱʮΧסʼսӽ˽

ϴһսһȥʤ㡣

óСָ񵤣κ˫ԥһ»ǰһ¡һ񵤿һֻάְʱ䣬ôҩƽٶڴʱ 

״ͼһѽԼץֱߵĶӳȥԴص˲ȻԼһС

֬ҹմ˺¥

£ҲᡭĸоϮκ˫ڵأôˣϵƿӡղӹĽҡʲôζģôˣϳŮȻ롭

ûһ˿ǣκ˫ʰ𽣳䣬ճӾͼ¥ٱʩչṦɵһ¥

¥һ¥ɲ̨ͤ¥ɵһۡκ˫ʣһ㹦ڸ¥Ӵܶţڵɧ޷ͿҪѡ

ʦ֣߰Χƻ˿ľս

˵Ҫʶʦֶ¥һ˱ɹСٰΧš

ӣȾơС˰㿡εСҪǵҲС

ҺȡȲ˰ġ



ճѪĳһѪµ˴ŵ˴УȽŷҲҶ

κ˫ֱ߹ȥ§ԾԽݶһƫƧļɽ档

ſңſң ʤƲϵˡ

ԡԲ𡱣κ˫һͽ˺Ƭס죬ĳ㣬ܸ˫ȣûκΰͽ͵ķĺͥ

ǰһʧȥʶ


13

¶ˮԵУ

̵ľʹʹʹȥٴšȻľܲǰʹ

𣿡ʵ

ݺݵ˦һơܺ𣿣

Բ𡭶Բ𡭡

˲ɢҵͷʱסˣûеһźܺÿᣬ۾Ǹ⻹Щǡ

㡭ôˣ

ҡ¸ӿκ˫ٴģֿʼһַس塣

Ȼľ˿˻ţٵҡμӲ㡭סͻȻŵУκ˫ס졣

µ˷ſţκ˫ѹȥ

̬ʶطҪҲҪ

ԡ



ԣޡκ˫Ѿ־壬µ˵ӣܵط˶

ҲǡŲʲô粶ſңſң

ޡס˶ֻǷйĲ࡭

ʱѾǸյİǸС֦סϻ˵ѪȴҲͬò²塣

źѪ壬ġʹ䡭

ԭΪֻǺ¥С٣ԸӾˣͬɼһˣȥѰôҲҲ

[ˣ]

С֡һ£ңԸµҵҲԸⶪʧ塱

[УүʲôҲȲ˵ģ]СּرȻź޲Լܿ˵

СֶȻүȻá

´׼ޡ

[ȵȣ]

ţ

[ôˣΪʲô]

ΪСȥЬ˵ҩ̫ͣԭҪҸС٣һ˶ú̻θֲЩС٣ֻһˡ

[ǵС٣ﲻУ]

Уǵˡ

ΪˣΪֻóˣ



ҵ֣˫ץס½ţеĿһ˿Ǹ˻ᱧΪЩϲǧֿܶȴԤĻش

ˣŮһǲǣǲǣ 

侲㣬Ҫ˵

ã侲˵

֪ͣ˵Ľ˷˼ġ

λˡԺҾûŮɫǲܣҲκŮ˻ҵ֣

˵

ҵӡŮҵĺ󣬼ʹȢţĸƾӹֽںεأһˣضóҷ޵λãʱҾԶʧȥˡ檡

ТͲˣ Ͳĸ˲֡

룡ָֻɵӣЩϳĶСȵ߸

ܺãܲŮ˰ɣ

㵱ȻˡҪҲᡭ

ôظӦݵˣ 

Ȼ򣬡ǡҲô˵ֻҪȢؼҲ̫

ЦˣҿǺһҹޣò벻ʰɣ

ûС̾˿ʲôҪ󾡹˵ɡ

㣡ȫΪΪʲôģ

⡭Ķ֪ǲ֪Բʰ

֪ΪѰ㲻ϧʦһ֮λһȫѰִ꣬ϼ㣬ڿѰ

ˣѰ

ղҸ߹ҷ顱

ʲôҪɣסλ

ʲô߽ӣӭȢӡ

Щرͷ

ԣҲȢ߸͹ˡ

˵Ȣ͵Ȣ

˵ȢǲȢ顣

ͻȻƬ̡

ӴǣүǲɵˡΨһŵļǺ£㾹ȻΥӵ

ҡҲһ֮ҡ˵㡱˵ð̫Ļ

һ֮һʯģһ֮ҵڼ̳׼һˮֱϸΪֹ

˭ˡȻ߳ӣһڸ֮ҲûҪ˽Һñס

Ҿ˭ҸͳԵĺȵģϸظ


14

¶ˮԵ£


ΥӵĽǱ߸ߵڼ̳֫סʡΣʵаհ

ԳУ˵ԺȾͲҲ˽Ը͡ʮ£ֶֿʣЩסˡ

үǺοءСӻ壬˳Ժһ̲˵ƣǸͦÿģǲ֡󲻵ġ

֪ǹ²õĻòÿҵ£ŶΪÿҾ͵ȢղŻСӰ쵹о

үô˵Ҫˣɱ˼ҸǸˡ

ǡɼɼ㶮

ôСʮؿүһرС˯ˣүϿЪϢɡ

ЪϢүҿ춼ЪϢ

ϵįڵҹû˿üСҲǡ

ӣȾϷ纮ˣ¸ϽΪ

ѵܰ

ⶼΪҪӷε׵Ϊ䣬ûд󰭣ӿˡ

ߡԳϰ֮Ҳ׵ȾϷ纮

ӣЩӼǵˮδġ

Ե£ǵš

ѾˡΨһһϵʳûθڱ˳ȥ

죿Ѿͷƫͷʵʲô죿

ԩѾ죬ûгԺȡΨһѵѾͷûС

˵ү

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ǣ֪ˡȽסĻƿȻֺõ˵Ҫȥʿ

ʿҪ˻ǰѴӸˡѾͷ

ǲǣ붼Щû꣬ү϶ʻˣûгԵĻҪûˮȾ͡

Ŷôû뵽ģû뵽ҲôҮ

лӡ佱

飬׹ĸ

㣬Ҹ㣬󲻵꣬ү壡

ӣˡƽ״򲻶ڼȹϵϣ˰ֻǲֹסᡣ
Ѿͻյļ¼ٿȥֻ»ᡮˮ

[Ҳޣɾͣ°]

үѾˣ֪ӿôһܵġ

[ǲ׼֪]

統ȻᣬСӻÿոϵȫү

[ô죿]ͣ[ɲ԰СӽšһٲȥҪҩ˿ô]

ԣ

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ҾͲ˵˵ȺȾơƷɷ¾̳Ӿ߽óƱ

ķҶҪҶȴ㡱ƷɰѾƱϵݸ˳

ƽ޵λöȥССĺҶҲҪ

ƽޡֽסһƬµķҶ˳֪檡Ժֵʣ

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Ҳֻ֪˵һ޶ƽƫ檡޳ּңƽԸƫҪźˡ˵꣬Ʒͷơ

˵ҿɳʶˣҪź㣬룡

˭ҪźˣͲҵ˼

ף檡һһƻƽ˵˰ǲүȢ˳ҲԼǱơ

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Ųţұ޸һˡ

䰡үҪˣ治գۣʱꡱ

һүͲˡȻ뵽һС

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ҪүҺˮˮҲȣѵ˵ô໰߰ûȹһˮôҲټ

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ûкɽȪȪˮҪǿھľˮ

ˡС۰һȥ

ȱ춳ˡ

Сһүڣݴô᣿үܶҲܻ

үţҡȥǡ

סСӣ׼ȥ

ǡ

ʲôȥЩѻ

𣿡Сŵʮ߸ߵӲɵۣҪһѻ𰡣

죬찡ϿӲС̧Ŵһ±ˣߴţǿ㣡

үȺ𣿡

Уٴ

˵ǾͲܿ㣡

ʮشΪ𣬲һµĲͶѳСɽҲԽԽ

үȺˣСٴʵ

ȺˣȺˡ̫Ⱥˡ

޴Ļҹգظⲻ֪˻ԺظˮƺҲůɫҲָ

Сӣ̫ˡ

ʲôȼյСĻ𲻹󣿡ǡǻٸҼӲ

ѸٴĻ½ǣūţүҿų԰

СʩչṦȥϵĻ𣬡үû°ɣү

̳ǺǱ

㵱ݲңɰԼŪء

㡭Ҫ㡭ҿȢ㡭ͷ˻Ʋ˵ѾûпյضˡҲԡȢ㡭

ˣΪҲУһֺη

㲻Сûκ˿ԡӦרһˡָáֻԽΩиˡ

Ҫˣôġ,֪ʱ

˵ӭȢ㡭˵Щᡣ

ЦˣЦ˵Ҫôһô¼޸С

ѻ˵ָһסĸӦϣȥµȱס


15
Ǽպ£λӽ²غԡ

λӶԴԹԵģô˵Ҳǵķ˺ĶԴ

ҲǺ֣ǣ֮ǰѷ佬¶ʳҿȥ˵岻ôоε֢״

˯ˣ

Ǽʱ

쵽ʱˡ

ʱҾ˯ôáôЪϢ˵ֽϴ

ȵȡ´ߵǰһ˯ģŶˡ

Ƕˡӹ뿴ðһĨжлضһֱšôޣ򸴺󣡵ǡ

ʡ㡭ΪʲôǵҪϡ

ûлػպ׺룬ȻЬ˴رס

ֻҪϲģҶҪõ˺ܾúܾã˵

˵Ҳϲᷢҡ

꣬Ҳô˵

ǡһ

㲻ع˼ңϲҡᡭ뿪㡭ٲᷢ¡

κҡڻеԼԶܸһ飬ңλܹȡͬһٸҲ治ȺƷɡ˳ΨһСֺͰܡ

죡˵Щ߲ˡһס졣

Ӵʲôϣһ콫˸⣬и˵ġ

ʵﲻȺҶ

ϡ͡ƷɻͷƼɫһ˲١

Ӳ᲻ӭɣЦ

˵ˣӭظֵüɹܻӭ𣿡

ǺǡŰƷһԲԣӲˣҲֱӡ

кָ̡ƷһҲٺżɽ˵

ָ̡ҲǿЦգܷһ£

˵ɡ

գ˵겢֪Ϊʲô

ߡƷգ˼Ϊ޴£֪ƾʲôȳΪذ˵ɡ

㣡

Ϳ͡Ʒɴߺš

Ӧĵһı

ʲô

뵽ٸ㡱

仰ͷˣҪȥʲô԰쵽飨߸ܣµȥֲ֪÷ɶ¶治ٱʮˡ

ûҪӦ¾йϸ𣬾һĻᡭİɣҲΪġ

Ǿͺá

ظһδʹ

ЩҲ֪޹Σβǰ޳

ظƴƴһеλֻҪһ仰ֱӰԼˡһˣûٿԡԭʣȴƫƫɵԼ󡭳Ȣ

ôˣظƱػΪȡ֮λȺʮر֤

ĳŸλһŵǧ¾ʹ˸ˡ

һȡƷԥһ£ֲ볢һô



ǣʲôʱֵˡΨһ˵ŷ

ζͶ¡˳Ʋ

˺ˣҶˣȥŰɡߴţ̸ŸеĻ⣬С֣ôǶƿƿ޹޶ᵽˣ

[Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôǵƵҩŪԾ͡]

ǸϿʰãҪһ¾Ͱ˭ҩˡ

ʰͱ뵲ˡ

[Լү]

ãԼһģϴƿ˸˭͸ɺҩҩˡǵù

ɺҩտż˻

ǰʲôʲôɺ

ҺȻ뵽ô뿪ظģ

ǸǸ

һڱеľƳ޵ȻǻеļƷŨȴʧʴ

ϧȴƷתűû±еľơ

֪ζ

֪ʾܡζ

ԡǡ


16

֮1

ƳλϱͨөϹҪҲԭөϹҪó֮ءķ;ʦƳǲͬģƹǳص˲ǳָ͢ġֻڰ׼ˡĹҳΪ鹹

ǰ׼ҵ汲ռΪٹûȡ·ԭөϹȴƵ׼ÿֻҪһĲͬʱǰȫͨ˵أ˺Ƕһһ롱ͳΪ׼ҵš

˰Ʒ游һ͢ͼӹܸսİƳǣ׼ôܽԼ汲ѪˣʵҲһǳǰĴϿγһ򵱹֮ƣγ͢Զ׼ҽԲѴ֮ȫ

ʵڷˣ׼Ҹɴ͢һӽаÿЩͼʡÿȥʵˡʼͷ꾭ô£ó͢ӡ

Ʒɵǻǧǧ𣬲ò˫ȫʱ޹ھʦ鱻ȫű߽ضΪΪֵõ֮

֮ʧ񣬲˼㿷ķӲҪΪ檡Ĵҹ׳˶׺ŵõιȥ

ǧСС籦ĻԸΪ檣ΪĵԥشӦ˰֮ס

ڳ֮ǰʦʥּԩϴٸԭְҪŮһؾ֮ˣҪŮ޸ַ֮㲻Ըοƫҡ

֮氮ϻ۵ҪȢ

ˣȴûҪ֮ޣֻҪƽޣΪŮڰ׼֮ء

ƷɵİǱκһֳҪ¡֣հ֮ƷɣƷɡͬǧԡԡΪ԰ƳΪһ˭Զ

֮ӲζƷɵƫκζֻҪƷɿҪֵܾᡣͼƷǲǵľٶ׼ֵܴСס

һκ˫Ʒꡣ

Ѿ߾ţүүϴɾȥǰģ

ȥ̵Ľû족

ˣ⡭Ѿֻ

һԵü̧ʲô˷ǵҪɶȥɶСүͲʧڿˣ

ү겻Ĺʽκү

κүǿǵ ɶϴɾһȥ

Ŷ

˴ƷɿİˣӴЦһǱ߳꣬¶һЦݡ

˭ƷɴѲ³ǰ񣬡Ʒɰݼκ

͵ܣ⺢򵥰ãããκȻš

Сүʶý֮ҲЦúϲ졣

˫Сү͵ˣ

٣ԡ

Сү 

κȻӭϱ

лүģūһжá Ƿү˵˫ֶСү˫ֶϮλ𣿡

л˻ϵ⡱

ΪΣ

˵ҲΪ˶

Ʒɣҳȥһκ˫Ʒɵš

á

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κ磬轣ôƷСС֪¹ʣиүκ˫ȻǱӽֺá

ᣬҪҿ

ðƷɷǳչʾԼĽ

ƷҲȷʴӱ˿ѷɫ롣

κ˫ֽе

κҲԡƷѹκ˫һ㽣Ҳᣬλֳʱõա

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κҲѧǼҵ׽˵׼ҵġƽ⴫ġ

κ˫ЦƷɵԴϣղŲκ翴ô

һͻ᣿˻⼸С

ƷɳŲ˵κ˫ЩˣƷɣˣƷɲҲһСΪ͵ʦɡ

ûûСƷɽСԴҡ˹ģκ̽ƷɺòãѧͿԺ͸һϰ䣬ͿԲһˡ

ǣĲᰡ

ûϵǸղǼУ̽Ǹźá

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κ˫ˣϲҲ࣬ϲС޶Ʒɡ

κ˫ദļ£ƷɳΪ۷ﳣʴϻۣκ˫ȣƽһ

ǧѧ²ѧƽʽƤëκ˫ֻվеİڰ׼ҴĸκȻа֮ƽȫڸκ˫Ϊʮĺͯסʽھȴ벻ܲа

֮ǰƷɸκ˫ҪƳǣκ˫˵ãȴûа쵽κ˫߰ƷʺʹóޣƷ˵סˣӴԺ彣һƤޡ

ټκ˫֮󣬳ƫƫߴһǳƯ޶䱦޶


17


֮2

Ʒɸճžͼǰͣһܴ´ӳ

ǡκ硪Ȼúܸߴˣϵó

ƷɣʮƷɱСʱǳױκ硯ҲֻƷһˡ

ǻŸʲôκ硭κ

ˣҾһκ˫ϱµǡӣ

һƯ޶κ˫Ļ˯ø𣬺糵̲סҧһڡ

κ磬ã

ꡭκ˫ʾƷССһ˯š

겻ƷҲôˡκ˫ȻֻԼǰп

κ磬ҲƷɼꡱ

ǡκ˫ȻʧЦչ˶ϵˡ



ǸղǺӣһ˰ɡ

κã

ãǸޡ

ôƯĺޣϧ֪ΪΣ֪ŮƷﾹһ˿ϲ

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ܿƷɾͷϲӦ˵κ˫Ӷе˶ǣǱҪ˶˵һ仰һԵõƷҲ⡣

κ˫˵һû⡣һδδƷɵġ

ǰκ˫ƷʶԼǶôƽĺٴᵽ㡣⺢С꣬书ȴֲ٣ȭŻǽѷɫ

Щ߱ϱ֣̫ͬ߹Լˡ


Ʒɣˡ

СӮƷɸ硱Ʒɲռˣ˭ǰƷɰƷɵĽС 

ôƤ̧һ£νɣȹż

ඡ

һʳ鿪ʩչṦƷɡ

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ƷɵƽʽռΣ𽥴·磬ǿӲҪƷ¡йȻ֧ƷֳƳش̶ֱ֮ȥæս赲ȴˡ

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Ʒɣһ䳤һţʹӿˤڵϣȥԲԲѡ

û˰ɣκ˫鿴ֻ·ȫ顣

£㻹ȥɡ 

Ʒɣκ˫æȥƷɣԲ𣬶ԲһʱҲšƷѪκ˫ھ𣬡Ʒɣ˵𣿡

κû¡жӦûбܻǣκ˫½ǾαŤ

Ѫôһ顭Ʒϻƴϣκ˫ԼǧٴΡôô±çƷɲ˷ִ֮ˡ

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κ˫˺ܾòƷɵԷҵɱĿڳϡ

Ʒɡκ˫ػһ

κ磬С

ˣ

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Ʒϵ´̾˿ƷŮңκǵȢˡ

ǿɺãƷŮһǸˣõ겻Ǿʦһô

佱жˣƷҲһô˵СŮҪˣ

пܰСһ

κ˫ϳ簮Ʒ˼κ۰Ͳδɩӳζ

¶ģ˵׼Ǽһϱ

˼Ƶûţκҳȥߣ

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ƷɣɡƷɵˣκ˫

Ҳϰ֮ˣҵɽεεĹòã

ðɣ˵κ˫һԾƷɵ󣬲

ϱߵķܴնñƷȴԼ̺̣κ˫ŵıһ

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Ŷ͡ǰ桱

벻ﾹܼɻ

ϲԵѰЩ

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ǳź𡱺ɻźҲӦаɡ

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ģκ˫쳤Ѱ

㿴ǲǣ

ƷɺܲСĵȰκ˫һ£κ˫˵һˮ

ѽرߵܻģκİ


18


֮3

κ˫ΪǳرߵԼȥһƬҶЦţһϰ֮ˣ

ƷûκѶƷɹյӣָκ˫

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ŶƷͻȻ֣һκ˫ٴλصˮ

κ˫ҲȥźˮţƷʵµûš

֪ӳûУܾûȵˡ

Ʒϲࣿ

ͦúȵġ

κ˫һЦ͵ˮˮðϼˮݺָƽ

ικˮġƷɺһûлӦڳرߵʯͷϵţɵ˺ܾûж 

κ磬κĶκ硪

ˮˣ

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ˮƷɱȫ͹ˣסϢֽҲǿԴųˮ档

κһ³ˮ๾ƷΪԼҪŮʱ屻һ

κ˫ƷɵţƷɱ£۾ˡ 

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κ粻ãҲҸŻˡ

ɻ̫κ˫Ǳ˳ӵһߣˮʩչṦƷɺ˼ڳˮ

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Һ׶ԭǵĶֵ֮鰡κˡƷκ˫òۣǣֶһ֡

׽裬ƳΨһǧڳŮеģֵ˷ԹСϺһ˼ףܾˣƾļòЩ䡣

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ҽ㣬£

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Ʒɡ

Ʒɲסҡͷţκ磬Ƚ㣬㡱

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˲κ˫ĵ֣书ȴκ˫٣ƷУκ˫һʤҲûС

κ˫ϣԼƷɣܣΰ죿

ƷɣƳδˡ κ˫ָǡƷɵţκΪ㱨

㡪һš

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19


֮4

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µ㻹ô˵ΪԹ

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κ硭ͷϤˡ


20 ֮5꡻
20


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⼸һֱ룬ʲôˣ벻ףҪҡκ磬ʲôأ

κ˫ĬƷɱķһЩκ˫ֵ֮֮֮ꡭ



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һƳǾΪ˼޸һˣҪȫµ˿ҵЦǲǡ

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֮ˣá


21

һȻԼԺӺü첻ţʳСֱͽԷ

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СεطŰۣүֲŮˣʲô˵ˣ㵽ǻ类˿ˡ

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ʱ͸ҵġ



ö˵˶ôˡ֪˳Ʒɵһ𣬾ͰƷһ͸˳ֹƷɻǰ°Ѿ˳ϲ¾ƣȴ魵ζ

˳𲻱ҾͲˣ

˵ҲһҪÿ


22


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չȺֹ,ϴһ,ճܡ.

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˵סȺ˫ѹͷ,ŹȺܶһν.

!Ⱥʹ,û뵽Լǿ.

ٳײȺд,һֻŪǰ, ̧Щ

˵ʲô,ֻ̧үø

йڽϵСѨɿסչȺ,ſ洭.

?? ȺͬҲӲ,ղżǿȵľٶһӻ

ƤˡḧȺ׺ľտЩ.

㵽ô,ġȺѵط, ˭?˵˵

˲Լ,ֱů,ӵסͷĥ, ?

ʲô?ûͷûԵĻôش.

Ͱѵڼ޸һô?

ûкڹҲ֪ҡûС Ⱥ֪ں˼,ļ, Ǹ,Ǽ㻹ȢҶڡ

ô?˫ֳµ, ˭ѹҺҪȢ,ҪȲ类ҩ

ǡǺǷѹˡѲЩ˳ǺԸղš

ǺǡûûСЦúǿ, ôСô?,ʵҲı,ֻ˳Ӱ,̲סͶȺԼһȺѹ¼˵ġ

ձ˳ѹų˿־廹һ˵.Ǻ! ȺǷҲأ

ҺܺáȺϲ˫ӳ.

Ц,ͷȺıǼһ̽ڻ, ϴɾ˯,ЪϢˡ

,Ϊվס,ɵؽԼ,Ⱥ¾һҪԳɴ.

үס!,Ϲһ,չүղ,ȴû뷢赽ز.

ȻȭпĿ,һ˵˶,˭֪ȴϵߡ

ס!¼ʹ˰,¶ˮŪܲ.

֮ղŰôһѹܵĴ̼ͬһ,˰Ѩ˲һι.

! ָܲ, ҷ㲻!

ͷһЩ,µݲͣס,ղǾż߲ŻᵨΪ,ڻиɵĸйٳϵǿ.ϲò!

ܡͼ ֮.

̸!·Ҵϡ Ҫڹ¸ֹ!

ǶԲסˡܡȵ͵ش뻹δȫչػѨ԰ȴֻҧܲܽк.

ﰢܱ̬ʹ˷˺ܾáνĵ,,¼Ҳ.

Ϲչһ򽻺,Ҷеİ˲ű,һе̳ҪϹҵϹչҳչĶչȺ,ҵĳʱϷ ӢۺܰȺۡ

游ɧ,ѷɫʮչȺ뻹δϹԸ,ȴͬѲŰҲȴȱǮ, չȺ罫丸ͨȫѧ,ϹϹʷѧСˡ

ӢϧӢۣλӢȻҪõֵܡ

һ꣬ûоеͬ鴳һ·ϳǿò⡣

Ϊͬѷ֣ȴɽɽ

ҧ˿ɫҶӣɬչ磬ȷܳԣ

Ⱥס˻˻ܳҲܳ԰ɡ

ʵڲԸֺӳԵĹӿɶŹġ

̧ͷֵգȺüһ𣬡Ӧɡ

֪Ҫ߲Ӿ͵ö뵽ⰢҧһڹӣҪȥһ

ܳԣ󰢽еĹӾͱˡ

ӡܼʹԸĶ

Ƕܳԣ

ǰȺҰӵ ⶫж

жܸϽ

䲻Ҫθ

θܱȶǿɡε

λûӣ

׼ͺɰȺ̵лС磬ǲûֻҲʹϡ

ΪʲôӾиӣкܶණԾһãȻ

֪ôӣ Ⱥ˽ϲ⡣

ˣЩȡ

ǰӲ֪ʲôŶܼףҲ߲ȥܱԹš

ŶܼףȷǵθӣʲôŶܼףҴλӰɡ

Ǿˡ Ⱥֵ

ҽκ˫κ˫Ҳֻ

ԭκֵܣлˡȺκ˫ɢ˿δΪԼס


23


,ǽ(1)

κ˫չȺκֵܡЦ֪ұף

ѵôʮȺָԼķ١

κ˫ͷ˿ǰɢҵͷˣҲʮ

ʮˣΪûܳԾʵ

жʮζһ׶ΣӴڼҳǲٰͯԲһͬˣҲûϷëͷСӣ˵ķҲͬա

ʮӦÿΪԺĴ¡㰢ֻʮ꣬Ϊ߷Ҳװ硣

ͷ⼸æŸ·Ҳ͡˲ˡǺǡ뿪ʦκ˫ʱͷģһͷǺѴá

κǸС֮ˡ

κ˫·ǰ߳˴ӡ˵ӲŶܼסӵĵȴϤͬԼҵ԰ʵѡ

ÿҶ·Σʱ䳤Ҳĥ͸ˡϴκ˫ͷ¶ӡãüĿӢˡ

κ˫Ŀ粽ΣȺó书Ȼʶѣκ˫мҪ·ʹ˱лᶨлκ֡

Сһ׮عһλڡκ˫ȺͰܰݱȻȥ

ȷǸɴ֮ˡ

϶Ÿߡ

ʱ¥һЩʿ

ĮǱҪ¶ˡ

˸˷˵Բ֮ҹѪϴׯ

˵ׯǴµǸң

ĸ

˵主·ȺûΪ˴Ҳ˭أ

˵һС۾ѹǴĮ֮ͨ

ͨͲԹôᡭ

˵Ļ˰ܵȤչ磬ǵͨǲǡͨеʦܣ˳ƽԶ

û书䲻ʦͨͨ۽ʤҲû

Ҫȥơ

š

ҡͷҲʶһ´Į⣬˵κ硱

κ磿

κ˫ġ

Сӵǽеͦ˳ڡȺÿ°ܡðɣЪϢһɡ

бղôоزǼ򵥵κ˫ԼǲʲôˡİദͷһΣлǾͺˡ

ʦʧ֮ãϸͻȻɸ봫Ҫʮʮ֮ǰϵĮŹׯ˰´ȴûʦʦ׳ʲôˣ

ҹӰһһ֧ɱ꣬򿪰ּֽʦģղŵĺӰʦʦ㲻

ҡʦΥǾȥׯɡ

СһСģʹ

κ

ׯκ˫վʯӱߡ

ĮҹأκǽϢɡ

ϰ֮㺮ʲô

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СֶӦõġ

߶κ˫ŵĴɲҺŲȲ

Сһ󡭡򿪸һɲտգﻹеӰпɲ׽

κ˫ֻʯһٿڵϡ

˭¿ˡ

κ˫ǰһӰ׷˵Ṧþûô׷λ׷ˡǰȴͣ

κֹȻ˵á

ǰκṦ򶼿쳬ˣչ硱

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κֵǵǡ˵˴Ӱ߳

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˵أλҪĶǰɾǴĮˣ쫷硱

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λ书ǿȻܵҵʢκ˫ҹҲĵһ˶ˡ˻塭

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СӣŲͲչˡȺЦ

˻ں⡱ܰԴȺһߣڳζ

ûֻЦ˿޵ԩҡ

˶ǺԣЩҲֻǾƺЦ

Ȼһķι

ܣȺ



ӵ̳ӷ᷿ţΪѪϴҵֻҥû뵽ʮ廹ˡղǹŪģȫϢׯڡ

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δǶķۣԲ

һǿҵѹǴʱһ

ݵú֡΢ɳƣȴͬȪעģŮ

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󺰴ʲôһûġҲ˶ֻһҡ

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˫ʲô

СȱǸղǸ

Ѫϴׯһû㣬㻹Ҷҵĸα֮ŭֲ֮

һͽһٸ

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˵֪÷ŻѪϴҪҡ

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ҵ£ߴ׳ʵòᣬ§ǰ˵ͷݺܵء

ָʧĵطʵκ磬ڡ˵ղŻһ·񱼵ֻܴΪκ˫ϡ

κ˫͸֪ô˵

ڡڵȺͣضԼ˵ղһǿۣۡ

ŶͷʹҲ˯ˡκ磬˵꣬§סκ˫ͷ촽ȥ


24


,ǽ(2)

κ磬չ磬硱ܳ˴к

硭Ⱥ˸ɫκ˫κ˫ͷ

˯ÿɺáκ˫ʢ˸ܡ

ллκ磬˯ðֻͷЩۡ

Ѿͺáȶ˻

ǰǺˡԸԴֻǵú׷ңԺȫǵãʲôˣ˭

ЩȺκ˫ͬʱ˿Ȼǵˡ

ҲûʲôֻСëȺѵ

ŶҲٶʡ

ʦĸκ˫µʱȥңþȺͰܽСǶĿǡ

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ҰܳҲ

κܳôתеҰøκ˫

ܳԵġ

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СӣȺץһľ򰢽ܴȥܴԵ֦ͺȺ

κ˫һ߿Ұһ˾Ľֵ׵ĸоδйﱻһůůĶš

ˣٲҾԸԡ

ȫںֵͣסֻٳ

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˭κĶôóԡܿɲô࣬Էʵ۴

κ˫һߺŲԵҰû˺

ԶŮӵĺڽʳ˶С

˶Уٽд㣬еүǶˬ㡱˽Ů˺ãǶѩļ˴ʮߡ

ҪŮļ˸˷ܣ˺ŮĿŲ

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Ůκ˫ͻȻ˽ٴοص㴫κ˫Ϣʹ

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ˣǰҼҡ¶ָɽһլ˵ɫϣλ뵽ҼסһҲõúôлλ

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κ˫۲լӣռʮֹԼҵΪλὨ̵ĵط

κ磬ˡ



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š

ҪȲ߱κ˫ֹˡ

ôˣ

衭̫̣ⱭɣҴˡһû⡣

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û뵽ԭһëСӾ֪䣬Ǻǡ¼Ц¹϶ʧɫȻ֪Ǻˣ͸֪ҪĶ

֪СȺͰԼκ˫ʵ˵ȥ

ǵ֮ͯ¼һλλȺǰȺӰ

ģӹǡ ָȺա̽½Ħʵš

ȺҪƿ¼ȴûڹؿȴͬ

׷ڵǹȫޡ 

˽ǰκ˫ͷסˣǡΰ쵽ģﲢûжУҲûȡ

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գʲôգܶݺݵ˵˾ˤѹţҪǺˮŪʪ顭

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вŮ˸ô˵罫˵ͷһãڴʶŮ

κ˫ɫףղס

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25

ǽ3

߰ɣҵูһֽܿڼһ§κ˫Ц߳ӡ¼ȺᱧʩչṦ߸ߵ¥磬ҶȲˡ

κ˫ƽһγµζȺ´ҧˣֻа޾ɫڴ󺰴С

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¥ƣŶĵζһӳǻޱȵԷ̷

˰һʮ˵Ĵ⻹ʮľ׮

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Щҿ᲻ϣҪܵȴһҧסš

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ܡȺƺЩ߶ˣ۾κ˫ǲ֪

ɡܰɡκ˫ճ鶯һ¡

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Ǽ񵽱ˣλɷøҡ

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ô ǷһѰܴȺĻ˹

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26


,ǽ(4)

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κ˫Ĵû˴룬ûвûлҲ塭ԲﶼǷɽĵطǿƵС

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ǳ԰ܺȺʱȴѵõķɡ

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뿪

 

27


,ǽ(5)


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ǣκ˫͹һ·ˣǻҪҪʬҪ˵չҾҲҪ

Էһκ˫ֺסչΪƫƧĶᣬչǵ᷿ԶʹҲˡ

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һʱȥǿҵϢмȺʣһй¶˿Ϣ˾ͻᷢǣ˵书ɲ⣬ʤҲûС

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ϹȢһһ檣°ܲúȥƫŮܼӹɵģȴСϹǧټء


28


,ǽ(6)

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κ˫ϵЦȥ꣬꣬ǸЦֵ곤ҲıˣԶϲκ硣

ʱ˿С˿κ˫ϺʲôˣϹſɲ˵ȡ

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Ϊκ̫үԵ泩ÿһ˶ȷ̲ϲۡͲ塢С𲻻̫𡢿಻̫ϯƫƫκ̫үÿζа취ë˽ԸŭҲԣź˭˵ʲô

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29

,ǽ(7)

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30


,ǽ(8)

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԰ܵĸһģձס֪ԼİĴ类˶ˡͲԴеˣܿƳΪƫ

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Բ𡭡ʱ·׷ɱϹҲŴҴȥ˳ϢŵĲŷŻȥ

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Ϲܣ㵽װȥˡϹͤ𩡢ơӨһſסܵȥ·

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ܺãǻرԷȥûҵ׼ٽϹš

Ϊʲô׼ϹָͤŰܵû˵֮λ㡣㣡ΪλãɱĸϵԷϹܣ治֮ͽ䡭

žžžžĸĶ⽫Ϲͤͷת

ƫҰֻڴ˷

㡭˭ǰľɫϹͤʹ

ܸ磬ɡ



ʮһθ˲٣ԲԲСҲˣٲȻһꡣ

ֹңС򰢽

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磬ҪѵС뵽棬Цĵؽš

ҲãСӸҹȺһŴţܴӽȥӳȥ

šءһϣ̴ҾõСӣϢ˰ҽչȺˡûôŰϹš

ա̧ͷգĲʺ 


31

,ǽ(9)


κ˫һ·ƥǧڸϻϹţͬʱһ˯ŵꡣ

ôⲡӸˡſŭκ˫

С˵Ҫ֪ܺܲܽӵĶ

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ҩ룿Ⱥ밢ܸսžզ顣

ǵġκ˫⿪˯Ѩнκ˫κ˫һЦǵˡ

˵üȥֱð𣬡㻹ţ

Ŷáκ˫룬Ȼָָܡ

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ǰòȡˣʵǰͷС˳ơҩ

΢һžҪضӣСĵؽַڰܵ󴦣ֻҪһĿ̴ͷ԰ͷŦһߡ

ɫ粻Ⱥץסļʵôⶾܽô

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ҡԲ𣬴硭˵ԲӦҡ

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ٹһ±չ֮չȺʮٳչ㷢ͬμӵ죬һ֮λӡϢһȻ׷׸ϸҪչָ˵֮λһ˵㣡

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ɻǰڴ

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ôˡ չźЦؿκ˫ϧϷûŮҪΪףҵİˡ

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˵һֱĴ硭
32

,ǽ(10)

Ⱥûгϣֻ˴һ仰

һΪǿάȺС־ҲļѹȺƾԼı¶֮λ᲻һ㾫ȥֻᶪϸ

ԭ֮ҪʼѰŮҳɼҵϰΪأȺʮδûŵضָ

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ȥȺԼĽ

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44
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ȻˡвĿɬΪʲôҪҡ 

㻹ףҲ޸˳˫ֳκ˫ӳκ˫ĺ޸ٻȻϲˣҲɣΪԽҲίҲô롭촽κ˫ĺҧš 

κ˫ͺһס˳ѹھѣδжֹ˳ϵ𡣡ӮˣҴӦ㡱 

ү˳ʲôû˵ġ˱˻Եļһ 

ǾͿ˵ 

ͬӭ׶ǰȥӦϡ 

 

κ˫֮ԻӦ˳ΪҲΪѵõĻᣬõΣ˵ʹ˽κ˫ɸ봫չȺҪݣϣֻõѨٺκ˫˳һվϡ 

 

û¡κ˫סС˴ʹŤ˿һ˺ݾʲôָ˳еκ˫ʡ˳Ž˿ߵĽӣ һ̴ܴô 

 

κ˫װ˳̴ӭ׽һμڣһʿ˳ѪүһװӢΰʮȴ棬ɢơ˲һͳµߡ 

ӿʼھһֱ˳Ŀ˺ܲκ˫úܲ 

Ȼ񡭡ָ˳ա 

үһκ˫㵲˳ǰ棬ǰүء˵κ˫Դͣ˼ҼΪ޻ҪôءС˵ү빫ӻδ񣬲Խء 

ջֿκ˫κ˫Ŀ⣬ƺ໥Ͼ˭ȰǷŭɱ֮Խ˲á 

үϢŭ˳κ˫߳񣬡ֻǻв⣬ү¡ 

̴ӱϣȥЪϢ׼պá 

պ󣿣Ӧڰ֮𣿡ǡ 

 

Ȳ衭 

ȥ˳ŮеĲ豭ȫ˳ȥڵʲôǰһӭףְѻ֮ڸʲô 

ʲôֻգʱԲ 

ԭƻ˳ӼȡþӪͼκ˫ھаԱӦܣڻ˳븡ʿΪӵͬȵȨгһպ˳ʮͳ˧ӭȢ˱ض֮ˣпΪȨȡ֮ 

ܻа취ġκ˫ס˳ָһЦݣҲ޸ġ 

ҿ𣿡 

Ըô 

ң 

κ˫ûлش˳ҲõĴ𰸣ûдʱõĴ𰸡 

 

̽գκ˫ָķǹΪֹ˻룬ܵؾ࣬ȫͳ춼εϤסҪ׵Ҫӽ¡ÿʱӱн𻵵ı˳Ӫݣڸĵһ㡣ΩһĻᣬܴݾֻĻѺ˵ʿУ;з춯ѺʿǲܻӪģҪȵհ̲׼롣 

 

˳ò˼飬ղھӪⷢڸһеĹ֮κ˫ȥ˼ֻõ뿪ĵ׵ⲻȫ˺ëʩչṦţûһӰͻȻӰ 

㲻Ǳ𣿡 

˵ˡκ˫§סԲҺ㡱 

ں˵Щ 

Ļѻν۾˳һɫװվԱߡ 

һġ 

ǾͿһˣүֺηֱ˴ˡ 

Цձ߻ȴΪ˾ͽ˳Ƿһ䣬ҿ𣿡 

51 

 

˾֣6 

 

չȺݵ;нӵ˾ͽ˳Ĵ飬˵κ˫ǹƥȥ 

ڸıԺʮκ˫֪ġ˭ӵб˭Ǵͳ˧ûбҲܵһһ䡣ȻձȨʮأǧʿоԵĿƣֻһȨҲΪκ˫֪ 

˳Ϊκ˫ȥֹһν˳Ӧκ˫򲻻ʧʹסȺϵ˳֮κ˫ʧֱܹڸ 

¹ؼҡûȥΪ˳϶а취븡ܳӪֻмڣֳ֡񡯵ˡһֱӲҪµʱĸɲؾ̲ھӪ߶ 

飬һУ֪µ֮٣˳ȻҲ֪ƽľͻκ˫һʱ˷Ҳ뼴ó븡κ˫ʹ 

Ѻ˱Ӫؾ;ͣɵǰ·һ̶Ӿƥܾɢؾû롣Ӫһ·Ϲؿ̲Ƿ£еǰرɭϡ˵Щֻκ˫ôĳֱ֤ʵ뷨 

һͶ©ٳȴ׽סˡһ£ȵİв˾ͽ˳Ӧú֮ǲǣԽʱ׷ߣˣ˾ͽ˳ƾʲôΪȡñϧˣΪЩΪ˾ͽ˳飬ΪԲŻŲ޼Ż˵ҪߡӢѹ˹أ಻Ӣۡ 

 

һζ㶼ôˡ 

Ҫҽ 

û뺣ΪС 

ҪЮˣ 

ǻҪЮ𣿡 

Ѱ·ǰԴ³ʸҲᶯһüë޴˾ǸѾǧٴΣȴһûκ㣬ôġ 

ϷΪġḧ˳Ħô˵㡱 

˳ǰۼرܿڵȻүô˵Ҿͽȥúý̵ 

̵ 

ǰ˲Ҫ̵һ 

˱˼㴦õ 

үң 

̴ӡڿκ˫俢ŵ̸Цյ˫³һ֣ 

үԼӦ˳漴ϾҶ꣬үһ棬ȥһϼӹ̡ܽ 

ôӪص᲻֪ 

Ϊү 

κ˫ӵעǰ档֪˾ͽ˳ʲôǧΧǣ֮ʲôƵġ벻ô궼ˣȴ 

áָ̧κ˫һӡ 

๼ȴ㡱κ˫ӵĥĺ󾱡 

ڲɱҡ 

㽻ɱʲôֱ 

˾ͽ˳˾ͽúͻȻ˵ű߼ʵĻ˾ͽ˳ĵ˾ͽǫ򱱽ʱһ棬ϡǵò˾ͽ˳졣˾ͽʮǰսɳֻǴԡ 

Ī飿 

˾ͽʵԾġİǰɱΪ׷氮˾ٽء˵ûɣ 

סڣǫĲǼڷش̬ʧǱǱɱǼǫͲǼͷ 

ͷκ˫С˵˾ͽ˳ϲ㣬ԺҪɱ㡱 

˳ֻ֪ڿеġǸˣǼȢҲֽ 

֡һǰֱָκ˫ 

ţ˳ˣүȽѺ£ǳ֮գѪ˻մȾ 

Цղӻָ侲Գ֣þԭѹֲ֪ѪǻõļƷôӪɱ⣡ 

˿κ˫뻳һƽ֮⡣ձǾһ־Ҳͷˡ 

үɱɣ 

ʱ䲻ˣظЪϢɡ 

ֿס˳ı۰ȴ˳˹ҲӦأڸʲô˼Խȫûл·Ҫκ˫첻 

˳еϣߡȢȫΪϣź͵ƵԾκ˫һߣĽиգѪؽ򽣱Ⱦ˳ֽ֡ 

κ˫˾ͽ˳ʲôֻĵ׵һĨɬ𽥻ȥ 

52 

 

˾֣7꡻ 

 

˲֣ؾصؼ޽һ䡮ѵ㡯ֻЦЦ˵Цϲ۾΢΢𣬸߸ߵüչȴջǼ׵¡˵һ䡮ҲȢ㡯˲ôЦ 

ߣ 

ʾ⹭£ÿôĺ 

үΪһҪɱ 

YYYЦΪά㹻ǧٴˡ 

ҡ 

˵ϻѱҲа취ճȥ׼ 

ںڸ߾ٵֽҪ֮ʱ˳ڿնеĽֱָڡһ̵ںǰסɨȥͷ­úڵ˼Խڶʽȸ᣿ 

ү 

˳ȥˣȻ־ͱڶʮ֮ºڣеĹ־ۼ֮¡Ȼ˳͹һʿҪ˵ʮоҲƲסڡ˾֮ʱѽκ˫Χס书ܶԸˡǧȴҲвӪнʿ 

ڡ 

һһӴӰת뺣֮֡ǫڼֹ̳ͣ˳Ĵ򶷣ǫּ ¾ɷƵŷвԾ֣ڣߡ 

˾ͽױšڣڽʿбҲջ 

òִŷ⣬ţ 

ͬƵİָֽ䡣 

ңƻΪצעֱƺҪһľ۶ϡ 

ǿͷɳȥ˿裬ͷ˫ӡ۳ڻС 

κ˫סڵӵּײһʱ˭ҲռϷ硣 

Сӣ㲻±ֻ֣ 

ү˰ɡ 

ڰľСʮȴ˾ˣٱȥضܾˡ 

֡˵ 

һͬʱѹκ˫ɿ֣ҲջơŸҡ 

ҿԸ㣬ߡ 

С̸֪ġ 

ôģ벻ֵ𣿡 

ֵáڿͳ죬ͳͷڽʿóŸңߡ 

һ۰ʮ֮̧׳ 

ϣһõġ 

־һΡ 

 

κ˫ߵøɴ࣬ûлͷ˳һۡ 

ΪʲôԽ˵ɸ꣬ͷȴһֽšôκ˫ͲԹκ˫Ǻİɡ 

үôǳߣ 

ߣҷŹǣҲ뿪 

޺СĴűǱ߼쳯ͻϮұŹء 

ӪʱҳһƬ˳ҰѿѺʿһƥκ˫뿪ķ׷ȥڵĻʲô˼ԶŵˣҲ˵·ǡݣͬڡݡ 

 

˳˾ӪԶĵطΧס˴ӥͷͼڵĺ£Ŀ׵ûһ˿飬ͷӡǡҩˣ 

ôֻһˡ˳֡ 

ڴ˵㡱 

ңҵģΪʲôᡭ 

ϻȻ˵ô뿪 

ҩ˴СιԸҩҩ岻ٶӲףΩһǾķѨҪһҩ˺ܲףǧвҩҴһˣҩ˵ķ֪ 

ǻһҩѾԶԸο߸ 

ܿģ 

ôΪʲôվŲ 

˻δ 

ˣ˳ȥ 

漴˳룬ҩǲӽ˵ġ 

˵κ˫Ϊʲô֪һ׷ûлػ˳־ʵ˵ҩ˵ʳѪ 

ǡ㣡 ߸ҩ˱òԾͷѪ˳ӿ 

˳ƿЦѾŹһѪҲء߰ɣһӵġ 

ǰӣͷһϸӣȷѹκ˫ΪԡǼⲻ𡱻ʧǰһ紵·û 

ǡ 

ֹѪɡ 

ˣ 

㲻ˡ 

ô˵Ǹʲô캦°ԸŪװôѪ 

һҺǡˣŻɻ亣ڡ 

 

˳Լκ˫ģȻҲ 

ʲôûҪκ˫õõܱԽˣҲͲü޸ڡƭһκ˫ʧֱܣ׸ھܱסκ˫û뵽ڲǰû뵽Ǻڸõ 

ˡ 

ǡǰ 

صʲô 

ûʲô 

ûʲôκ˫ǰ˳Ѩţٴʲô⡭Ľͣ 

㲻ţ 

š 

ģ 

Ҳı䲻㺦Һʵ 

׼һƥô 

ʲô 

 

ŵκ˫˳ǵĽۣΪĹ㣿 

ҿһ𣿡 

Цƾʲô 

 

˵˵ɣ̺۵ķϣ˵Ӧ 

ϳҪЮ쳯ʵ۽Խ˽ʱܾܲ㣿 

ܡκ˫˦˦߳ţûж㣬Ҫȥȥˡ 

 

رŹص쳯ؾʮһδѪүڵľӡ˵ͨ籨˵ѪүԴΪΣǰһὫʿҹϮŹءŹؾɳ̽Ӵֵ̽Ӫȷдʿ֮쳯ؾȷˡ˵һ쳯ƴѪүǰӭս˾ͽӢ˫о򿪳쳯˳룬Խ׹ 

 

үһүֽ߷Ӳûκ˫Ѿڽϡү 

˻ʡô컹ô١ 

˳̨׺ܲСĵİһκ˫ۿҪײڽŵκ˫̽ӷɳȥءܵһܲСؽκ˫ѹүҪɱô 

Ը 

ĺ촽ǼıᡣҾ㡱 

ѹˣĦ𽥵ȥİ̺ۣ죬˵ҲҪ˵ааһЦ뿪 

κ˫ӣ 

ӲŹ֣Ǳ¶ǲɡ 

κ˫ǲҲӲҵģ 

ǰҲӲˡ 

53 

˳һſڽϡ绹ûžڷʵ̫Ҫˡү˭ˣǺＱӺû۶ϡ 

˭㡭ү뿪Щӿүɻȥ 

˵˳һؿ´αˣ֪жൣģǸ꼲ʲô࡭Ŷ֪ˣǲǻо飿 

Բǣ˼룬ȥܱ֤£Ψһôȥðأ 

ӴӴΨһôȥðء⻰˵ôޱȣ֪ү¶һ֣̹ˡ 

̹ʲô 

˶ġȥȡʱ򣬱쳯ؾɢҪҹϮŹصϢôһ 

ҲΪԷһ 

ԷһҿǴûŹң 

ǴӺ˵εץץͷƤÿᵽ˳󶯸λ˰ҲôȥѴǰ鷢ҲŻ׼һȡɱŹؾӭսյĻͻȡô޷ǲ޸Щ˼ٱˡ 

֪ȡɣһʼͲңԲŻڱŹǱ߰׵ʱ쳯ͿԳô˻նԲԣ 

ֻʱ϶ǲģ˰ŲǲԷһԷһ 

ңҾ֪һֱΪ¹ڻԲŻðƷ檡ΪôСң 

˳ĺҲЩŭû㣬οҲС¡˵ţıɱ׷֪֪ 

㣡ðôѻ˵ˡ 

ǵģ˵ͺ˵ղŵĻ 

ԹҲ㺦㡣Ҳ֪һָȡñҾͲü޸ھ͸ߣ㣬ȴʲôıơΪŪ㻹˵ʲô˵ĲҪ˼˳һջпʲô˵ģӺơΪһ仰֪˶ٿ˵ҩŰѰ̺ȥҸҪıɱ׷ң 

ˣ 

ҵĺóүô㣬ⲻżղý˵§ס˳һķ˰ⲻ¸ˣ˭̫ͷһŽ´ 

Ҫʩչ۷֮ʱӱŴ´˶̡үҽǺúʰ㲻ɣ 

˭˭ 

˳ǻϽ͡ȥ˫һͦײѨҲʾ͵ؼнй˳˭˭ǹӡ 

ߣ˳һ̾Ϳʼ̣˳˲ʹȫӭսÿһش붼ӽϵ˳ݺײ˳͵סĲ̧϶ 

һײһǸƴǳ˲ģҡεĸ֨ڸǲ彻ҵ죬ϵܸ¾һٴη˵۶ӣգҲգƴҲܱƼ 

ܳǿɣֶܼá 

˳ȷʵڳǿͿҪʧȥ֪ǿҵײҪķθõĿƵƵϮȴܺгˮմʪۺգ촽΢ȵĺϣͷסջһͷڡ 

˫ȴ£ġô 

һɾġ 

㲻˰ɡ 

˵أ 

˳ûгֱѹ£¾˺Լ졣ȷסŪųѪ׵ѨڣŬʪھָб±ƷˡүͲˡ 

Ҫ˳˲ǰ˵Ļģ 

Ժ˭ҪٸҰ´Ҫ˭ÿҲһ 

үγе˲ٰ 

 

˳ŵʱʱѹ 

˶Źϵ˳ֶŭ˳аԽ㡣Ϊ˳ͷүӼ˵һ²׼ǵĴ 

ô֪꽫洺ò⡣ 

үȺһº͵Цݣˣ 

Ⱥ¿ˮһ 

˳ʵվסֻýȥ¡СóһҩãΨһһߡ˳Ҳһίүŵĳ谮ɲҪ񵹺ãҪ˵ָ 

ү˫õһλ˭Ⱥݺ㡣 

ҡ֪ 

˫Щѳ˺ӣֻȫҪϽΪٵظʱҲ档ƷɾŪŶǰһͷظ˺ӵĻҲûȥ˫ȴôߣҪ̴һĹ·ƣܾǿᡣ˭ôеѧҡһ롯 

ǲǸó㡮һ롯үȺ˲ְ֮˼ 

˫õ ȺȭͷյæżҲ֪Ūᡭ 

еûȡ 

ûС˼ҵ־ͽŪ 

ǵͷԼҵ̴ҲŹǲ뿪ظҪ³ 

ǡЩЩȸ˭ЩôһֻСҪôࡣ 

 

54 

Ⱦͱò豭Ǵȶǡ 

 

ҲƾãɽջҪȥ첻ȾܣʩչṦһԾ˳ס˸ק 

Ⱥסļʹһ㲻ܶүҪĶͷܾһҪӲ³Ͳһ˵ģ¶һסȺְʹ𿪼ߡ 

Ⱥʹ־ŭУ˹бȻδ֡ǰдҲûϹÿÿѪҲ˹ֿʹȫˡ 

ȺԲĹʹȫǰѲȺġʩչṦֱקһүΪܵĵôЦ¶ɭɭݡȺеյøүҲˡ޼ƿʩˣϿȺôֲ˹ 

硱ȺɿùҾߡ 

뺣꼶սΨһλӣΨһ˵ҲµǷ뺣൱ô书ȻкܴĳԭҸһá 

ԴǴαڼ̳ø˼ζȷ٣ȴԾɲȺĶ֡ˣҲ߾ǡ 

ǿɲУȺһƳ͡ 

Ǳ㿪Ⱥ 

㲻Ҳû顱 

ǵ㹦Ҳ˲˰ 

͵һƳؿϮȥǰŸˡ˺ֻƷɨ಻Ʒʹȵʱ䶼ûСȺֻ¶ΪľǸеĻᣬƫƫӲǳ֡ 

ҲΣץס϶ƳһƣȺػƱԼƷ緭ˤڵء 

ôҪϡ֪һ˲ֺȺԲơ 

չ硱Ⱥ̫ˡ 

̽ 

һô죿 

˵ģġ 

չһ᲻֪ء 

Ⱥ밢פÿԳûȴǲҡ԰̨Ʒɡ˳ΨһСȫŭġү㶼ܺġ 

үǺġΨһ˵ġ 

үҪҪ׼ķıƷʡ 

 

д鰡дãʡүԺæҪдġ 

λ˵ġǽ߾ݲʹ˲֪κ˫ʧȥ书֮粽ϲ棬ΪѵһӰӻȺз籩¶ݣȴӲҪµµƷ˳ķظԵΨһȴҪڳ͢жթСΪָϵҩܳ걼Ϲźؿ֮䡭ЩΪ 

ǰ书ʧһֺηһУǾһСɵСӶвʱȻѣҪʲôػ䱦 

һλҡ 

طʱɢȥ 

ҿ˫ֻǸš˳Ӳ鿴ĺ󾱣Щϣ´ӰԴš 

˫ǲۣǣϾ˵׼ˡ 

ҪҸ𣿡ܺס 

ʮŪҲһͷ 

 

ص˯š 

װˡץס½ڴϣ̻ס뻳г˽ʵļȭǲϷ֡˼񵤡 

ءһΪסʦͨһΪ̽꼵嶾ơ 

˶١ 

šÿ 

ɳȥصˤڴǣޣȥȭδʹƤüȭͷͱú 

衭Ӱһҧסͷ 

ҡ۵òſϴţµҺ죬ڱ˿ָ䡣 

˿Ǹ߸ϵشӣǸõľǿ޶ֻǸȴҪǰάӵǣ±ײκβأκʾ 

㲻ҡǣ 

ţȺһֱûõķһػҵ檡 

˭˵ûáǴǰκ˫ûҲܡ 

ʦ˵ǻǧ꣬ҩҪҵ 

ھҪȭͷٴλ¡ 

ɳƵˡ 

ϣʩβͣĦ壬Ǹֱֱضɼ䡣 

үһЦǣԼ˯ɡ 

үѨķ䣬ʹҪԼҲܡΪǾʹˣλҪȥŻʱĹٰڡ 

 

 

СֲԾȥ 

ŪЦƽС֣شӭȢ˻˵ùȥ㡭䲻 

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ȴʹڴݣηݵĶƢΪƽҩҩ˰ 

Ūסȥ· 

İ壬벻Ծɪˡ 

ŪЦƽ룬ӵĿâ̡شӭȢ˻˵ùȥ㡭䲻ΪЩŪҪʧˡĬĬѻ˵걧ȭһ߹ 

վס 

ŭŪץסĸ첲ק֮벻ĵأƤǰˣη޾塣 

ƺҪĿ࿴ˣ롱ӡ֪ش˫ʲôϵ͸ߡң 

벢ǰֽקţ˫£Լ£ܺ£뿪뿪ˣӣΨհظӣ˿ظӡ 

ᶨصͷҸȥ 

ɡ 

ֻṦһӶǰ׷Ū 

 

ͣһҴ󴬣ΦצĽĺɫȻۡɫѹͷ罫Φ˴ø֨죬һ꼴١ܿͷкܳľûдֻͨŪһľںһԾϴ 

Ṧֻһκѵ棬Զʹսͷ 

ϲ洫һ䳰ê 

뼴̴óһСƿһҩ£˫ȹעڿնǳҲãԸУͿ쵽˻һ㡭 

ˮеһһӲ󣬱ӽˮֱڿڴ󴬼װϡ 

ӣ˵ЦнȫЦֹ 

ʪ͸ǱſţҩԸͣһ´ڼװ壬˳һͷʹȥôϵЦøΪ 

ְʳָϣһС룬ִµĳѨ׼ޣȺǰظ˷棬ܿޡ 

ҩŮס°ͣͿŹڵָػѩӵС 

ݽ㣬⻰˵ģظλһǿݷǷ˵ŮŪδޱϸ֮ݵŮӵмơ 

λӣޣЩ֪ܵļ֣ϲѹ ͻȻס۾˻Уʲô 

ôˣ 

ָ룬ʲôҵ۾۾ˡ 

ޱһưڵأѱȫҲҲҩҩĶҶǸư͡˵ʹͷײװ壬ѪųޱץסָպѪҩĶ 

ûпޱŪָڼװд£үΪλ˫ 

֣һƴĿѣ񵤵ҩʧȥʶѪӼޱĿУָϡӡŷץ 

ˡŪޱָڽ¡ܲİɣһ߸ϵظӱ裬ЩûС ŪתͷװϵˡǶʿյ´˳ȥ˵˻ôش硣 

Դҩظ˿¡ӿ˿ʼֻš 

ŪЦһ¸λһ֪ǰƲкָŵκκ˫ؿ 

ʲôⲻܣк֤ݡ 

УʻúװϾۼŰˣɪڴͷ 

˵ʦľظˡ 

Ǿôꡭ 

һҪΪʦ汨𡭡 

 

˽Ժۺ޲Ͽͷ­ȱ顣 

˿ɷǣ 

Ǵôɱ 

ΪŪҪά룬׷װνʡ 

λˣµ˼ǼȻӻϲﲻԺɱޡ 

ģˣھ͸³Ĵ룬ڳ֮ʿȴһ۸󺺻δԵڵ۾׳鴤º㲻ˡ 

ʦܣ 

װϵһһ£̽ȥȫޱϢ 

ʬˮڴۿӿʦԲ𣬴Ӧٲᶯɱǽ˱Ϊ֪ˡ 

ҩŪޱ۶ûжΪһϷģϧϧ 

ɱôȥɡǾγ̽Ҫȴ˻һЦ̽´ȥû㣬γ̽ϵĽŽϿû˼һưͽҲܽС 

ÿŪС 

һӿѸɢŪץסޱ´񵤵ҩɢȥҲľΦϵĵƻ𱻴꽽ϨΧһƬȴԾܸо³ 

ˣŪƭϰЩһΪظָɵĳԹŹ˵үκ˫֮ɱЩˣظָɽԹŪкκô 

γ룬˫ڽҵϵĽŽ봩һѾûһ˿ʹĸоճճĶѪôѪү˿϶ιȥġ 

һľ壬ס´ 

Сֲ 





56 ָΪ飨1 

ߴӢͦһ߽СԵӵˣһ򸾣ٸ״ŶŰ༸ǹԷũӢͦҪһӣһȱСȥһҪСֹš 

 

롭С˻̽ͷȥкֻߴĺһδ꣬ģʮ㾹ܼߴ 

 

꺰һ 

 

ӴӢͦӻһ̣Ҳ趼һˡ 

 

ȡ±ĽСȴҲʹãոϳ¾ɵӸ֨һˡСϽʰʰ𽣸ǽһֻò˫סʹ̧С֮ﾹаԭӲʵ⽣ѹӣҪ⳥㵥ֽӹллӲСĻں 

 

ôˣӢͦӼֱеѪʡ 

 

·ɽ 

 

ŶӢͦıӲΡ 

 

һѽôΪѽŻᰤһ 

 

ûӡ֪Сѽ֪жҪҪġ 

 

Ҹ 

 

ǣ 

 

ɽ 

 

ӣɱ׵𣿡ӢͦӰһŻ 

 

ǣййһ£ˡ 

 

ǰɽˣСָӾŴ𣬳Ƕ򸾲˶ܵòӰ 

 

ģҺ˵ֻҵ 

 

ˣСǮͭǮҪͳ⡣ 

 

ŵǵøϿ뿪ԭ򸾲ǲ߶߲ˣеٸܵŶǸʼʹٸߵſڣľ׮סٸĶɴ¶ӡ 

 

ˣӢͦӵĲ豭л䡣 

 

꿴ſھٸﳤһüۼһģӡġ 

 

 Ӣͦӳȥסٸ˳ٸǰһ£ ٸŵûۿҪʡ£ҡ 

 

ý鿪Ӣͦӵ֡нһ׵ĸˡô˶Բ𡭡տڵǸͼһ 

 

ȥǵ鷳ˡ Ӣͦץסӳ 

 

Ҵ򲻹ǡôһôԸˡӢͦӲѽӳϡҳûĸɾһѴ󻷵ͳӿ 

 

ûɣ ӢͦӲҺڵظٸסķɪһţӢͦӵݵߵĻٸҲԡ 

 

ʹ 

 

ҡա֡ٸֳȥһЩĻشŭӢͦӡ 

 

ǽ׼Σ 

 

 

 

족 

 

սһ£ġ 

 

Ȯ䲻ŵЩôղſԴɽǣ 

 

ǡСӡñ¡ٸҲֻô˵ǰ˶Ѫ˾ּһ㡣 

 

ĺ˰ɡ 

 

ǡ檷ҵλ΢СӡŮӢͦӵ⡣ 

 

ӻ˵ʲô䲻䣬˵Ͼϣο׽ϵԱǧ䲻֮˵Ӣָͦٸϵļʶ 

 

ǡ֪⺢Ů 

 

ŮһŮôˣˣ ӢͦӸĿڲйˡ 

 

⡭ٸתͷŷֻܶʾӦٸͷ 

 

ӢͦӸƴЦӣ¡ݼĸ 

 

ݼˣĸˡ 

 

ٸ꣬ѪȴһüͷССģӢΰǳŮ޴áСԸҪҶ޶ô 

 

ͷ 

 

Ӣͦóһ͸ٸҪԺĶϱһͨ񣬲ɫͨ͸Ө̵̵Ҳܾһ롯֣ӻĶϱҪȡ֡ 

 

Ǹ߷ˣ˵ĴͬΪ٣Ͳ֪Ƿµ䡱 

 

ǣ 

 

κ 

 

κκүٸ 

 

˲ض񣬼סͺá 

 

ٸȻκ˼ͷ 

 

˫ҾͽؼסȥʦǶҪúѧԺˡ 

 

첻ˡ󣬵ҲˡĸǣҲľ 

 

ҩʥͽܣ׸ԱǧСȴ˵СڶܵķϵĺԺˣҧˣͨһغ߶ҵСʱﺬŲҶϢд棬һר߶Ĳҩ꺢ͯͶҩʶҩֻСһֱܣ볤ʱѾʵھƱݡǧ𷽡ȹҽĲָ 

 

ЩǼ֪Ϊּû˼С㣬ֱһ걻ҩʥΪͽּܴҴǲŴ˿е֪Աǧ˵õ 

 

κ˫ʮһκȥǰԸ£һҪŽڣȥּӭȢΪޡκ˫ʿɷС㼰֮ȥӭȢ丸Իɣ뱻Ϊ»ӡ 

 

ݱƹ»׼òκ˫ӭ׵ĵ· 

 

 



57 ָΪ飨2 

Ȣκ˫û̫뷨ǰʮᡣҪ۰ͱģʦġ۰Ҫչһ޶᲻鷳أ 

κ˫ĵԱԵʮ־ţ̾Ϣʵں֡ 

˵ǰԱʡ׹;мɽҰɫ˱һȿڿһСЪϢһЪϢκκ˫ 

κ˫׷κ·ûİɽ鱦ײɽ£ĶôûɽȻκ˫˵׷ϵһ⳥ǣЩɽͨ˫κ˫ֱһɽһδɵĻëСӺܲĻկм׷С 

˵ɽԱ򸾸Ͻ룬ж񱻹¶ַĽաκòʮƵַ˵¾뽫°ؼκˣҺַвŴκүǿ񸾵ͷȻԸͷǵøȢַһòϱɡκκ˫ܴɽΪҪַ˽Ϊ׼ҽĹŮ޸κ˫ΪĶϱȡ롣 

Сү롭Ȳ衱Ասսض豭κ˫ 

˽˫ͺá 

һְԱƳһ󺹣ַ˴κ˫žû˵һ仰ŷϵҪϡκүĺ˲֪ȻſɻȮ˭˵Сү丸 

һѧ޶ײ߽ 

Ա䣬ַ˳ǰ޶ڻؿκ˫۾ﲻǿ־Ǳη 

޶Ա򸾵Ī룬ԣ޶ͯѡӦþǰַ˶ĺӣַ˸ղȴôһ£ѵһ˫ֵܣ 

ҲСүʵǰ׾µġж 

ж 

˻, κ˫ȻϰߵüͷԱŵù򵹵ϣСүϢŭ檷򸾲ۡ 

˿κ˫æַˣôһ͸ڹ 

֪ǰָΪǸҲ˵Ҳȡ£Ϊĸڻ˵һڻѪͳͬͨڻ屾ƽԱΪҪּҳһλǧ𣬲ǧ׶ᶨ˲ǣ 

ˣ˫ȷּһλС㡱д˵СǰҩʥΪͽܣһеӤҩʥΪͽʵ˲˼顣 

ȷʵǵġŮ 

ˣԱؿַˡ 

ַƲͷ˵ǺĽ㣬곤꣬Ϊжǰ檷򸾱롱 

ȻּҵŮôȢ˭һֻҪȢַŮԱ⣬ˣɷ˫С㣿ҪҪԼԲǱɡ 

СүҲ˵ˡַ˴Դ˸뱻ҩʥΪͽ֮뿪ּҡ 

δ޲ܵ۰ 

Сү֮ 

ַ˵ʲô 

вмֻ䲻СүСү¡ 

ˣһС㡱κ˫Ҳ֪ԼΪλᶯŭΪδŵȴ˶ԴԼûоɷְ 

 

ԲסԱ 

ѵүҪ޸һˣҪּҶ˸ôַ§סϸϸسʮ»̥ĹֺγԸ⡭ 

벻ҩʥסĵطʦķɽѲԶӱֻҪվ͵ 

ͬκ˫͵ķɽѣҩʥֱԴ滨Ժ£磬˿Ľˮ硣κ˫滨ˮƣһɨա 

滨ľͷһӰκ˫Ȼפ֮ 

С˶ʯŵһɫСԼСɫϡҪժȴֲᡣС˶ɾ峺ϾˮɽȪ·֮˫ӶǡСżԲ԰ȴӳˣС˶ɪһ£κ˫ȥʹʧˡ 

ܿκ˫ͷԭǡŵĲȹɫװۣµСŮֶϲװ˿κ˫ϣǡҩʥ˶Ůض룬δŵ 

ʡκ˫ᡰСҩʥͽ𣿡 

С˶ƺûκ˫˵ǰ߽һЩûС˶̧ͷɫ֡κ˫Ͻ˵ûж⣬ֻǴһҩʥǲסС˶ĿӺ£鶨һϸľӽֱţ촽סز 

Ҫκ˫ֽС˶۰һ˹ȥ 

ιѣѰѵôĿ 

Ǻˣü߷κ˫ǰбС˶κ˫ͻȻĸо 

κ˫ǡ 

κ˫߶κ˫´һ˵಻ּ֪ҷκ˵ġ߿еС˶Сж 

С֣ǰ˵ּҵĺ룿 

Ѳּҵĺӣҩʥĺ 

 

ҩʥĮƧλƵߡǰ·ָԱⱧһ޶æ޶Ȼ˶ڵϦϵΪּҵĺ봫²ʵֻȻǺӣɾĺӲʺڳ 

Сʱ߶Ȼҩݱס඾һֱû߶С첻ʹȻҲܵ˼ˡҲ˵Ժ󶼲ãϷ򸾲ֺ޸㡱 

ԭôһ£ֺ޸ͲԼãַΪּ¸ŻƭСŮӣַҲ֪ǼССֺ֮ضѡС֡ǰصģŻµġ 

С֣ 

κ˫ҡͷСŮΪýȢӡ ԭӲڻˣһԸ޸ˣСֲȴҵ 

ĽŲκ˫˳⣬Сּˣˡ 

 

롣ʦʵû֣š롯ֵ֡ղǸ˾ˣʦԸԸΪ˵ӣ˺ܺÿÿˣȵ׺ʦҪÿʲôΪ˵ӾҪ뿪ʦҪһӶҪ뿪ʦײҪֻʦһˡ 





58ָΪ飨3 



 

үүκ˫˻ϹܼΪ 

 

ּûŮҲֻˡ 

 

үϲôϹܼκĸϵһˣΪڻΪӳкβףүϲˣүȥ¥ʱҪС١ 

 

˺塱κ˫ӻֱʾ̸۴£κһ޵ɫú岻Ρȥһּҵ¡ΰ 

 

ǣүͬūһظ 

 

лȥɣԺ 

 

κ˫ϲƬ滨ӣԡůů⣬ŵĻ㣬ȸһзǶʱȴ۾ȻؿԶĨɫСһʺɫССӯڰɫּ䴩ԴС顣 

 

ԶԶκ˫Сͣ˽ŲɪɪȥɲҩҪӣ·κ˫ȴ 

 

Сֲܺκ˫ҩʥֻʦһҲ˵Ĵţκ˫ȷǲЩϲʱСһҩʥŪҩݣһˣҲùµκ˫֮Ŀ̲סǣ͸ҩĴκ˫ɲҩʱʱʱؿκ˫һߣΪκ˫ܳڲԶĵطСִûأ 

 

ô 

 

κ˫ͻȻӱܳŻС֣Сȴû˿Ϊκ˫ЦݡЦӺÿʵģ֮ǰ۾ûЦȴЦ⣬ůڵĶﻯůˡ 

 

С֡ȥҩô 

 

ϲ˵촽Ϻϣһ˵ʲôֻܿ׵˫һһϡκ˫촽׵Ĳһ£Цʱ۾Ҳ¡ 

 

С֣ˣС˵ĻһʱҲû룬κ˫ǰСֵָĻд֡¡ڲκ˫ȴſºС֡ 

 

ָСֵģģκ˫ϲκ˫ľϲʦһ㣬Ϊκ˫Ϊκ˫ҪȢӵ 

 

Сһﲻˡȥҩκ˫˵Сֵд£СûҡͷȡСڼͷǰȥСֲµιȥɺ̫ʮ־ţż 

 

ܿκ˫Ը·ҩʥ󡣡үЩҪ̽¡үô 

 

ҩʥ³ȥˣСһҲġ 

 

ʲôĵģҩʥܲض˭ҲҲãﻨۣסһҲǺõġ 

 

 

 

ūͻظȥˡֿκ˫˳⡣үүһдû˼ǵֻǸӡ 

 

ּҳӣաԭڽһΪɻ䡣ճˣﲻԸǣҲܸ֣Σ֮˱ճˡϴ󻧻ƼҶӱգԱ᲻ýͳֱȺ󱩱УǶԴ˸Ųɡ 

 

ԱȻûнС͸ȴҲû֣СֳʱͶꡣ 

 

ǾͽլˣܿȥҲͲּ֪һλӣκ 

 

ڡһ̴߽ 

 

ȥּҽ˻¸֮Աͷˣд˴ν֯ίɵּҰɣ 

 

ǡ 

 

ȥ˻һҡ 

 

ү²ס 

 

κ˫óһζκȥˣ¾ͻﲻҪźˡ 

 

үǡ 

 

κ뿪κ˫ڨЦ⡭ǺƢ԰ 

 

ǲκ˫ֻԸʳ⵹ѲʦһЩʳҩѰСȴڣҲǲҩȥˡ 

 

С֣ 

 

һĴСȥκ˫ʯӸպôȥСͻȻת˫׼ȷסߴ֮ô߲֮ʽ׳Żκ˫ɫһ֪ңǰסС˶齣ȴС˶¡ 

 

СҡͷָһѨѨߵոշ뿪ĸǻɵġ 

 

С֡ 

 

СֿĵЦˣϲκ˫촽ϣ֪ڽΪʦҲͺٽ֣κ˫ȴʱôϲκ˫֡ 

 

ôˣκ˫˳СֵĿ⿴ȥֱʲôʱôһӡ 

 

Сַ±ҳһζҩժ˼ƬҶӷŽ飬ҩݵζܿ࣬Сɬ죬ҩݽ֭Ž̳κ˫ַ档 

 

ĭҩݻµģĨºʹκ˫˿ȥ 





59 

 

ָΪ飨4 

 

峿ͥԺһֻŸ룬ӳԵñ׳˵һʦġžֻ֡ٹ顯ֽ¶ˮʪּЩˡӷɽѵҩʥҲֻգֻӵ׷˶òŵκ˫ö֪Կ϶ǾԲֹաʦдúұнҪ֮£ˡ 

κ˫СһˣҺҩʥʱصҩʥԭͲҪģСִҩʥ԰ȫҩʥʱţСֵӶԼޣʳҲС˵ʺĵطûƣÿ쿪ĵŪҩݡҩʥͽܣ츳ҩʥЩȴֻܸ޾Ļѵһֻ 

СֲϱŰҪ 

С֣͵͵ĳκ˫ҩʥתͷȥСһѳ˶κ˫ߵǰΪС[ô] 

СֲͣҡͷҲ֪ôˣֻô 

ҩʥȵؿˣŲͽͺһ׽ 

СһֱڿޣˮôҲղסҩʥθС޶һԳһ죬ǰּҴʱּһ·޵ҩʥ󣬺ֻ˯ȥ 

κ˫Ĵ޵ͨСĨߵ飬ءСֲޣСֲޡС־סᣬסκ˫һֻ̯ġ 

[㻹ô] 

ԭСһ᲻[СԸԸ] 

[] 

[ˣκֳһ] 

κ磿κ硭[㲻Ҫ] 

[СжԺӵ] 

[Ҳ]ҪκֳҪ[ô] 

ģκһٻС֡§סС˶һµζΪС˶Ͳţ˶һˮƢϴľ⡭[СֹԹʦĻ]˵κ˫߳⡣ŶС׷ȥקסӽһ鶫Ӳ 

κּҶ׵壬ϵġ롯ӵ֣ҲСֵ֡κ˫ɬɬЦЦպ塣ΪСǽ廹ȴ֪⡣ 

 

֮߳״һӣ¾˹ãĿ࣬ԣʼɣ߶񼲡 

ʦСָæ 

[ڿʲô]ҩʥʵ 

СҡͷȻһ̵ˡ 

龫֡СͽΪֹǹ찡 

֮߳״һӡӲӰ߶񼲡Բ㲻أء״ͷǺáء 

ʱҩʥС¥ҵ޵ÿιȥСͽͽ۾׵ȻãΪΰ 

С¥סʦĲӿ޵øҩʥҲȥڷҩСڶѻ˲ҩ޿ЩҩųҩʥôҩȫûҪСֿ˺һŷſʦջϵıֽдĸ֡ 

黭ҩʥһͷѩְһɣãѧ黭ѧ黭 

 

κ˫صɽʱʲôҲû˵֪ʦʦʱͻһﲻ 

컹ûͰκ˫ӱﾾӵɽҪֱ̫ɽ£ˮ̹ǣκ˫ŶǸˮһգԭΪʦֻǳͷȴûһҪˮȵӡ 

һ޲ýе书ȫͽܡκ˫ÿ˯ʱϰȭڹķӲͱˡʱ䶼ûУκ˫ҲͲȥ̽С֡ 

һʱ䲻ܿȥˡٶκ˫ƵƵһȥʮ¡һգκ˫տ׼ȥҩʥͼſڵդЪһֻʷʵĸӣֻСʲǰֻֻѾˣǳİɡ 

˫չż̸ϸĮʦ֡ʦһʧ֮ǳ¡ 

պžκ˫ͷʰðһȥˡ 

 

ͨĮκ˫꣬ӻ˼գ·ȴҪ˵ʲôŶܼһһȴϳɽκֵܡ 

ׯ˵˼Ҵ󷢴ȱκ˫µʱȥˣκ˫һС 

Ϊ˾ηκүСûѣʮһڰƳһܰκСƷɣһѣǲ뿪˰Ƴǡʮ꿪ʼʦ˽ӴˮС˶úýϧЦŮ齿ᵫϾҲжԼ뷨 

ȺͰ׵ֵ֮꣬ǣͰֵֿôŷֿնѡ 

 

С֡һ԰κ˫ʹҲܽеܷ 

˵СԽԽȥˡ 

һʹκ˫Ͻס졣ʦСأ 

֪ҩʥûȻɸҩݡһμһʵĺӣôһô࣬ʦ˭ʦ 

κ˫Ҳ˼ҵĵضԱҩ߰Сתͷſڣκ磿С˶һͷκ˫κ˫ץסſûԵڵء 

С֡κ˫Сֱϸ꣬һθ˲٣˶ȴǸСģ[κô] 

Сɬõ˵ͷ̯κ˫ģ[κܿ] 

ţ 

[һβ] 

κ˫ӵ˶κ翪ģС־ͺܿġĵ˶ββۡ 

 

ֿһ꣬Сȴûκ˫е裬ŹҪκ˫£鲻ȤֻҪκ˫ˡ 

κ˫Ҫλֵܵ£ʶ潭գνݡҰѽҾȡԼĽඣͰôҺȺšκ˫˵Сֵɿдţ۽üҶϲá 

[κϲ] 

ϲȻϲ 

֮߳״һӣ¾˹ãĿ࣬ԣʼɣ߶񼲡 

ʼɡ 

Ѿκ𣿡[Cissy] 





60 ָΪ飨5 



κ˫޺ܿ쵽,ֻҩʥͣ,Сʱ޿̲ճ,Ҫ,Ҫд.Сֺܴϻ,վտ,黭,աҺõ̹κ˫֮κ˫ԽװܵС־ԽǵľˣҲҺԸȻκ˫뷨ӷסԼ 

 

ȥʱСֲһο޸ͣЦҩʥЩĪʧ⡣ѵСֲֿɣκ˫˦˦Դȥ 

 

صɽκ˫ʦ˵˽ֵ֮£Ȼ𲢲ġպһӣʮƯĺӣСһüȴСûеľǿ޶˿ڣκ˫ҩʥ 

 

һ仰ǶС˵ģµüιȥȴҪԭ˿ôôã㲻ҡʲôµģųĴ׸ѡҩ֮ˣɱͬϡҡ 

 

Сּ촽˿ŵؿ⣬κ磬κ 

 

ɱô 

 

Сġκ˫ҩ߽ۣʹģʲôСֲ񲻸Ƕһʶеģ֮䲻һ˿ķ϶룬Сҩ˳ӡ 

 

˵ӦŮӣ˶檣Щ֪һǰʦ˵κȢӵģʱ׺ΪӡԼѷ֮ˣκ˵ֱһκȥʱ׺ΪΪӣκӣ롭 

 

[κҪ뿪]ټһ֮ô 

 

[СҪչ˺壬ҩѾǧҪٿޱ]κ˫谮Сֵıӣ[κҲܾżٻص] 

 

Сַסκ˫ַɿﻮ[Ϊʲôܻ]ָ׼⻮ʹκ˫ 

 

Сֶκ˫С§ͷ֣[κҪ֮£һٻС]ҲҩʥˣǲС֣С˶Ҳܵһ˿˺ˡ 

 

κ˫Ƕҩʥղͽְ֣ɵСͽֻһ˶ڸ¥͵͵ؿޣһءʹҩʥ˿Ĩɫҩ࣬ץƵԵʮֻ 

 

ҩ룬ҩʥΨһİͽ 

 

ܻ㶾ŵ֮ǧնǧնһ˲䡮նɱǧˣȴһ˲Ȼǧˡû֪ΰ쵽ģֻ֪㶾ͽǧնϼͽɱǧնûнҩЩ֮һ紵Ǻǵζж֮ɫ˲ʱ䣬ϺڵɫѸȥټһһ٣߰׷üдͲҩʥ˭ҩʥٹ£ߵֳƿӣ̳㶾лҩʥʱҩʥߵ˵һ䣬ңҲⲻǧն 

 

ү̿ʹɱΪȷһιо綾ڵϦȺҽȴ޲ߡҩʥ˵ܲٲܲٵµҩʥΪҽΡҩʥ˵ҲΪϷܵϷͽܾܶСֺµòѣʦؿҧػسǰȥ֮ǡɡ˶ȻʦһܽģΪʦ 

 

ǧն롯ߣϽԴҽʦ߳ҩ롯ʮ꣬Сֱǿеҩ롣 

 

ʦڽһˣˣڽֲ̫ΪʦЩ 

 

һ꣬κ˫뿪صҩʥ֮óȻصСֱ߿ޱΪȢ꣬ĵʹȴҪŰοǰ˶Ϊκ˫ʹȴ̵ġ 

 

ô㻹Цóһϵĵȴǲزס 

 

κ˫Цˡ 

 

ģӵСֲٺֻεСֱȶκ˫׽ʮһʵۣҲͯӰӣ˲ò˵Сֿǰ̻¶Ҳװ˵СܹеĶӱʡ 

 

ș̫ˡͷҩƸС,С˵ʲôı,ӹҩҩٵݻȥ. 

 

̫ˡְҩƿ,ָպҩ֭д[ҩ˱ʧҩ].˸Ҫֶ. 

 

СǸ߳,һ˻һڵҩ,ᴵŴҩȺʲŵݸ. 

 

ÿ!еҩ֭ȫС,üëǼ⡢ǹɫҩ֭Ц. 

 

Ц,Цúÿ,ôÿκ᲻ϲ 

 

ô?ܿЦ,ͳһС.ɾɡ㡭СֱֵȻſһҲ,㲻?ǲ.һͷ漴[ҽ]Сһɻд[]. 

 

СֵĹ˴ϻѧϰﲢ,ѾҪ˵ʱӶԷ沿,С˶㶼ôȥרע˵.Ҫע˵˫ı仯ҲҪùɫ,ɫ䡭˵ҲСǷü.СȷǲҲ. 

 

! 

 

˰׶Сȥ,ͷԽԽ,ȫ.ջס°ͰԴšҡ! 

 

ÿ¡ء 

 

ڿʲô! 

 

ء 

 

֪ϽŮ޵ǾֹǴ˵,һֻ֮жͶק˶ȥԷ̧߿,Ű֨һҶϿ.κ˫ӴһԾʹ˿,?,˸Ƿȥ.ȥסͷ, 

 

㿴Сֵתκ˫,Ȼָκ˫,˵ 

 

κ˫˸˯ǺͿű,ֲòӡ˵Ҫ˵ʲô? 

 

СֵĲӷҪκ˫,κ˫΢ЦŰ,һЦǺ,Խκ˫Խ,. 

 

ô?ô? 

 

κ˫ðȴһ仰Ҳ˵ 

 

ÿ⺢ӽ겻ʱͻһָͷκ˫´ֿ˫ָֹͨ 

 

࿪ͷʵʲôˣ 

 

 

 

ǲӡ 

 

ǺϲСôȺͰܣҲС׽УĵؽҲᵣ塣 

 

ʲôϵ 

 

⣿ 

 

ûС 

 

СָΪӡ 

 

Ŷ 

 

һĨɬһ˿⣬ĵףȴ 

 

ΪʲôȢ 

 

ԭ˵ֻŮӣСжҲӡ 

 

ŮӣȢ 

 

ᡱ 

 

һ仰˵ϡ 

 

ڣЩ 

 

κ˫˵زúͿûз⡭ 

 

⣬Сֺѧ˴úڡ 







61 

 

ָΪ飨6 

 

СֱóĬˡκ˫ҩʥΧκ˫ߣȴչҩ㲻ţʱҲСҲˡκ˫ˣһҩ಻ʹȬҪָ農˹ŵڼҹ֮طǴĮĪڸϸĮκ˫ûжСֵ쳣ֹ.Сֽһ㣬һֱΪģСе뷨֪Ҳȥ 

κ˫һ뿪ҩʥСֿŲߣڶ뿪СЦ´ʱԼƥˣʸӡκ˫뿪ҩʥСûпҲûȥ 

紺滨ֻйͺͺѾ֦κ˫ߵúǺ׷ûͷ֪ǰͷİץúܽĥʲô? 

Ǻǡκ˫ҡͷɵЦСֶ˰ 

 

Ǹ޵С˶ҩдٲҪٸҲΪ᲻ֿޱӡ 

Ҫ볲ˡ 

һ㡱κ˫һۡ 

Ҫ˶ҲȥɡЦ᲻Ů޵ϵһ 

 

κ˫˴ĮδЪűյչȺţźͷߡ 

˵˾޾ɱϺ°ˡ˵һţȺô˵ǲˡܣܣ˺£ 

 

һһﴳ滨֣ɫĻ걻ѩһƮ 

Сִδκ˫Ǳӣഽףɢմ೾˶ĴڵϿ°ĭСȥƿһ۶ҡͷҪѯκ˫һס˫ּӣӣܽôӵĶСһܻĶԲԣ 

СһҪѣκ˫ץˡ 

 

С־Ҫ󵥶밢˶ȥҪΡ 

ʱ֮˴߳ 

ôС֡κ˫ɫһ˵. 

ȴС΢Цŵͷ 

ܵĶܽ⣿ 

Сٴεͷ 

̫ˡκ˫ؽС§ҩͷҲ 

СӣȺһȭڰֽرס˶ˣ 

 

Ϲҩʦй.ӵ˶ʱһֻ:¹£ŮӴЦֳнһƬһƬĹ¡ǻֹ֮ʹȴеġһһεĹû˰ùǰϹϹѡˡϹܻΪϹǰΪûСӡŮӿˣ檣ףãܻôһǣҵŮӡ 

[㰮κ] 

д⼸ʱϹܲͷǡ 

 

СͷҽżʦžβΪκӣͲȥˣ֪ˡȺܡ֪κлкҪˡƷɣƳκһҪȵˣǴ鸺֮ģ룬롭 

ҩʥϢسСĺ󾱣˶۵ʦĻ˯ȥ 

һͽҲԺЦȪ.֪СֵŮûдգûн֮ྻӣԺһ˸ȥ 

 

ӰƳǳκ˫ûдȥҩʥҩʥĻڶ 

ҲҺСɵóõʱ򣬲Ȼϲ̤ҩʥ벽 

ǡ 

ﲻǣ᲻ǣڿ˵Ҫػ˶δΪʲô˵ҪˣȴŲʡۻڣⲻǽڰˡ 

ƹؿڣһĨϸӰɪɪߵְΪ˵סɳĨӰ̫Ϥκ˫һΪԼۻˡ 

С֣һˣʦأκ˫æ¶סС֡ 

[ҡ͵͵ܳ] 

κ˫ϰ߶ظһ飬һ˱ʦţ 

[գټκͻȥ] 

ʲô£ 

[ǵġ]Сҡҡͷκ˫ְס 

ôˣ 

ãСַſκ˫ӰóһСҩƿ[ҩڹ] 

С֪ҡ 

[˹ƶʱʧκضᴫ] 

Գڴ˵ңΪľǸƿҩ裿 

[ҲֻЩ] 

κ˫Сӵ뻳Уµζһ˳ôûпޱأСֿ˵ʲô˫ľССԥһ£סκ˫ͷһɿЩ첻ˣǵǰҼҿջͶޡ 

Сֲ˹һһƥںšǰ˶ķκ˫ıǼţСһθ˲٣ôСƺͳʱһСͷֻаƴɡ 

ܵκ˫Ŀ⣬Сֻͷκ˫һЦ˼š 

Ʒ,Ƿ̫࣬˶մȾá 





62ָΪ飨7꡻ 

Ʒ˹ƶڶʮδƳʹʧ԰Ƴδĳ˵ʧҲʧȥ书κ˫ʮصʮƣÿ˯ʱС 

 

СΪϵ˲ϵĺˮϵ˯òȣͷ亹Ƥ΢΢תʱʱ̡СóһСƿϢʱĺʼþȣüͷҲչͨͽܶʮ޵ʮصĹ,ʹ,һʧȥһҲΪ,ԲСж຦¿־Ծһ˳ҩʥΪҩ 

 

˫һֱů,ȴñ. 

 

С?жֱ,Щ,ô?һ˺£ջķֻһŴ,Сһ˯ 

 

[κ絽ҩʥסһӿɺ?] 

 

κ˫ֽСֱϴñΧס,Сֻȥκ͵뿪\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\".ȥ˰ƳȺ,Ҳ֪¿ɷ˳.\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"ް,κ׳ú,ֻҪЩӾû\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\"Խô˵СֵԽ,κ˫ȴЦ,˶ܾò˽ˡ 

 

[κ?]˯? 

 

κ˫Сֻҩʥ·˽ѰҰͽҩʥ׷ߺ,קСֳҩгߺݺݵسĴȥ,۵һ׺,׿һָ. 

 

ʦʦʹ,Сʦ,ˮۿ. 

 

С֣ 

 

ҩʥκ˫ǰ,İ,κĪҪ 

 

?СֲŮҺν,˵Сֻ,ֻǡ 

 

κӢ,ոǿ,ǲõҩʥĵط,Ϸϲ徲ҩʥͲдˡ 

 

⻰˵κ˫ɫһһ첻֪λỰ,ʦҡһ̡ 

 

Ϸֺýûû,Ͳˡ 

 

Сֵˢ,κ˫ȭͷǻŭ 

 

ô?ҪͬϷ?,. 

 

,ҪСֻȥ˵κ˫΢΢ϥż,ڿԽҩʥСһ֮,غæ쿴˴,ҩ? 

 

Сҡͷʦ,ҩʥͷŴӽóһҩ. 

 

κ˫պҩͿ,ҲҩŪʹ˴,С̲סκ˫гʹ.κ˫Ŀֻܸµĳ鶯.ʦ,´ȫҡҩʥѾԶ,κ˫§С˼ҪҪȥ,Сֵĵ׺Ȼйɳ嶯Сֻҩʥ,ôͷȥ. 

 

˸˼ʳ֪ζСسŰ׷żһǰˡκ˫֪ʲôһŽҩʥأԺƣһѺ˹롣 

 

ЩԣҪ·˵ҩʥСͣžӱڰաϷҩɣ 

 

κ˫й˶Լ⡣ʦǲᶾͽܣ˭֪ǲһͷǰ˲ǡǰٺЩΪȶ 

 

ˡ 

 

һ˽˿ջλεĳƺˣСǺֱڶ¥ҵŵһ̰д񡣡ҩʥǰҼܴ˰˼ǰ 

 

ˣƱϷܴ죬ҩʥС˵ҩʥ񵱼ҵѲϷ 

 

ϹݵתСֹ־ϹҩСһˣܾȻ¸ΪȮպǲǡ 

 

ڶעӣСֶ㵽κ˫Щɢɱȣʲôطȥ 

 

ʰߡ 

 

[ʦ]ʦΥСٺٲԸǴϰؾվʦԡ 

 

ڵʲô 

 

 

 

һһˣϷ򲻸ˡ 

 

[һȥǡǺʦһġ]С˫ֱȻżúۿ 

 

ʦСһˣôһ⡱κ˫ȡСּͷİԼϡ 

 

ܹȥ˵ĵطͲһȥȣӽԺҩʥ㣬Ϸ򽫻ɽ֡ǰҽ˾벻ȫƾ㣬һȥ֮κҪ棡 

 

κ˫˵ʲôȴҲû˵ʲôһ֮ʦΪձҩʥɱС֣Ҳû˵䲻ǡ 

 

СץʦĿֱᣬ[ʦ֪ˡҲ˽뿪ҩʥҲҪһˡʦʦ]ҩʥ䣬͵һӽ¥ݡҩ͸ҩӣǰĪҪʧ棬ϷãСͻȻͣסᾪֵؿʦʦ˼Ҫʦţ 

 

ǰκ˫һͺµľѿ϶һֱ쵽ҩʥ¡ҡͬСȥȣʹ˸ˣ 

 

Ϸ˵Ҫһǰ 

 

ΪΣ䲻ٹ 

 

һλһӣⶼͲΪҩһֻֻ޵ĿˡϣҩܱҪ 

 

ܣ 

 

ҩʥһЦߣϴںס 

 

ǰɲţǽҾСֶһȥȣֻõˣ 

 

ëСǿФ󱲵ʹҩʥ󶯸λһĶԱߵͷĿ˷ӵɢضڡ 

 

ǰôΪҪСܹڽаǣСԶˡҩҲҪЩҪˡֱľΪʲôǰת 

 

˰У˶ߵгס˫ߵһ֮󲻸 

 

ʦ 

 

ʲôÿɥģϲ֮ิǡ޵мˡ 

 

Сֲʦɱκ˫Ҳκ˫˼ʦŵȴˮʡ 

 

κȥš 

 

[ҵ]ҩʥһֱš 

 

С֡ҵ޲һˡ 

 

[һ] 

 

õȺܾãκϾͻ㡱ΨһһҪҳ 

 

[ҵ]ʵһҲȣ²֪ʲôʱдӰƳǻﴫأϢ 

 

ûȢҵС֣κ᲻ȥСһѧġ 

 

ȿȡ 

 

罺ʱԴϡСһⲻӰκ˫һҲûò˼ĿлЩָζʦ£ 

 

ڵûһƱ㡱ôֺ֮ˣ 

 

κ˫һ޹֪ŭλʦ 

 

Ϸʱ޶࣬Щò˵ 

 

ʦ뽲 

 

гһСֵڣҪͻּصҩʥϷµİ󡭡 

 

ʦΪҶСֻϧκ˫ᴵ豭Ļ꣬ʦ˵ʦʮϲ⼸ֻݲ衣Ҳʲôر֮ȵþ˲ƷζҲ˵ϲһϰߣֻ֮һ֣ŲҲ벻ˡ 

 

üǵ˵Ļ 

 

˵Ļ˵úػС,ǡǸ쵰쵰 

 

С㲻 

 

Ҫ书ˣҪˣү㣬㡭 



63 

Сֲ 

[κ硭ү] 

جˣ 

جΡجΣǰΪʲô᲻ϳʱκ磬үүʧȥ书Ȼүװźܲںӿ֪үʵָ书áݡƵҩڻָҲһĶԣΪǵһΪ˰ҩҩүǱݣݣȻǡȥֻǼѣүȴүǰʹޣж޵ñˮ 

ӴһüһЦӸҩȥСֵĶͷ᲻ǷջԴ 

Сּæ࿪ͷŲһЩо⣬ֻǲϲ˽Ӵ[㵽ʲôˣ] 

˼ӴдˡӰ׼õıֽݸС֣Сùд֣[˭] 

ᵹҲסŰѻʳڡ 

סǰľʹΰѻʳڣ[ڻ] 

һ˲漴ЦճЦѡ˵ˣа⡱ 

СΩһ˾аӡ߼䲽Ƚ˫۰ڶǸӡϰȴûһ˿֮˵ǳֳܴݵЦѡŵԭ˵ĳۣϵڻеû 

һٶʮİɣһˣ԰ڴˡ 

ԣֹһˣŵûҩζЩҩ˼尾ġ[ôң] 

ôˣ·Ѿ;ˡܼܲǰɣ 

յϲдֻ˿ǰ[ҵ˲] 

ôңҿǷ˾ţ֮ŰСС벻ô 

[ߣ]Ǹˡ 

Ӵǡ͵ƣҲżܿ졭 

һϮɫװصķ,Ȼ꼣ǸǧټҪүصˡСԼܹη˿ȴסɪֱǽ޿ˡ 

ҩ롭ˣ֮ǽ䱸 

̧ǰȻ󹧾һԣ꼽߳ķֱϲ¡ 

Σ 

ףʲô 

дһŸκ˫ȵĳţǳźյظһ֮Իȥ 

С־ؿǰˣãʰд£[뻢ıƤ]û뵽Ļش𣬺üͷƺԼĴ 

ǰһ˵Щҩֻʱֹסʹ֮ûá࡯ֻžͷˡѲҩԭһ仰ɸΪ֮ڴ˵ƾжͨҲȻض֮ˣٲ·ǿĺܱҰϵˢЦˣү˵ӵȳ˻Ƕ⡣ǣ˾ͲһӴҲô˵Ͼǣ߸һһһүӦòᡭ 

ȥ 

εķֱ飬ľмڰüǣʺӿܿģ۾֪Ϣŭߵ׶ӡ 

ûɱشǺҪ֡С´Ьӣ[ҴӦ]үġھΡ𣬻˺¡ 

϶֡ 

ǰ⣬һֱЦš 

£ 

תСֲСֶ˵Ļ 

ѾȲ𣿡Цȥ 

ҪģǴס 

꼲ΪȻСЦЦˡ 

 

˲һ 

ʧ 

Сҡͷ֪үүͨʱ䡣 

СֳŵɫƺЩ죬µľˣ뺣ֱ»ֶ顣 

˶Ҫм͡һǧֱΧס 

ӿɲáҲʾ̧ס 

ú⡱꼿һԵС֣ûзֻСֶöĴ,[ȥԻϣݵԩң] 

ͷȵԽԽͿźģ˵Ϊɱ 



64 

ӿɲáô˵ȴʾµ̧ף԰ѷԲһΪƽءһ֮ըʱųصĶ̡ 

ﵻںԣβסĻҡΪ򱱽ǧʿԭƱ͢ļɵԭ쳯ĹϵƽٷԭҲǾ쳯ʵ׿ϵġǵ͹ЩթŵԭˣܹȻɸͽȺһĸ,ºضѵһɶԳźŻ޿֣סǧҲ޼¡ܣûϵǡ 

ͱߣΪɱңƿ⣬ֵΣӿ 

[ȥԻϣݵң] 

վþСһЩϡԽԽͿЩ˲ģ˵Ϊɱ 

Ⱥһһһ˽ⶾҩ裬ܺǷ񽻳С֣׵߶ᱻȼʿҲ˺벽һǧӰĺѴȽǸ濿ɽƽأһ洵̾ۼ޿ɱΡ 

ߡ 

ˡԴǺ꼵ĸǸĽţɽΥ³ 

ӵˡ 

Ÿ߾ֱۣµ˵ȼ˻ѣֱ¡һϮӹűһ֮⣬غûиϢĻ嶾Ƴм֮ЪʵһƴǰءЦϣ˲¡ 

嶾ƺ˵á 

ѹ·ӿѪ˳˳ķ衣ܹ嶾𿪵˴ֻһˣҲֻǰõ˭˴ڵģ 

Ӧ֪𣿡 

ܡ 

ôһԡ 

СĴֻõһһĺӰû˿־度µĸо꼲ǳŵĵ֣ŵĹԶ֮Ͼյү꼲мɱȴɱɣǲܡ 

һҲܶסܾȽô 

ȣܹ˭ 

ҩûа취ڴЩ˲ϣ 

[Ҫɱǧˡ] 

Ҳ֪˵ʲôҪʲôĺʱҪ˺ֹǧ١ 

Щγ֪ 

ûʱˣȫһ䡣 

Ҳټүһ棡 

[ҳԵҩһζƤϾ˳ȼ] 

Ƥֹʹҩģֻ΢Ķ԰ 

[žƶԾͻǿȼɱȺ] 

ҩʲô 

СֿЦڰд£[ûнҩ˶˶ˣܻܲȫ] 

ϻ㶫ۿаɲðֻС˵ȥתͱ˳סСļǰ 

Сӣ磡 

 

Ⱥʱˡ͹һƳ뿪û𣿡 

СӺ翴ҲֱֱСȥ;Ҳ 

ӣ 

Ӳޣ͹һʩչṦһƮȻӵסС֣СžԼ档 

ڲǿ޵ʱ򣡡СӺô󵨾Ҷǣ޵޵úһСַһ㣬òʵ 

СԴδйưСֺ绤󣬡֪ظλ 

ЦΪ죬ùһֻϻƣȻ˶ˣǾͿʼɣװ׵ӶһУһ̳ҲǴʧɫһһĺǹỤ̃ա 

ˣ 

Ǻǣˣ㻹ǶൣĵҪ°ɡ 

ŨȥѰһϮϡ 

 

ڿбըըȻ١ڶ̣ڷ˽ҩΪֱǹѣ˵ûбҪҪȺ꼣ǴִӺε֪Ҫɱ꼡 

˦Сרǰ˵ơƤѿ¶ѹͷֵĺݶֻӲ۶ϵģðѹͷ̶סŲСӿ˿ܣĲҲûУֿԼͺ꼵·ըòӡô졭ǸӺó 

ѾӵүʹҲȥݵúܣڱҲûʲô[caihua/qiu] 



65 

С֡𣿡 

𣿡ͽһβ˽ȥͿȥڵ㡣 

ǲ̫ųˡ 

ųҲǿҲգ㻹ҵү԰׵̿ 

 

صظĵСһֱû˯ڵ 

֪Сֻһʱ仹ز񡣰·˷ƵѰظҲѰôζʲô˺ѷεʹǰһĿ־ʴǣɱ֮ǰȺĴѨδһֱ˴ѨվѣСŽųｫײһڵϡ 

СֱֳȥԴľѱҲѹˡߵĺ˺ʹϵζ̱ţСǽµ΢ıǿҵġ 

ҸҸ˸ɾ޵Ť߸ߵȧǺüһҪѿжѿСֲΪҧס´ 

[үԲ𣬶Բ]̫ܾͲᷢ£[үû£ҵĽҲˣүСֻţүүҺ㡭ء]ѹֲסкˮˮһ˫Ŀ 

˶Ϊ˿Цá 

ү涪ж᲻ᵯٰ˳˴ǰһͷ˵үûΪҿ޹ġ 

𣿡Ʒɺݺݵõһۡ 

벻룬ûǸġ 

ЩֶҪ׵úܡ 

ƷɣܾûƤˣ 

û 

ץŶԷʹԾݶ 

ǡȺ°ܣЩţСֻ˵øϿȥ壬ʿĴҡ 

ΨһҲܵС֡˵ЩǿʵﶼСûĵǲԲȵʧȥС֣ǺܾܿʧȥԭķľԼøǿܳΪ 

עӺүûбСǶĹ Ⱥɫأüۼĳǣǻʲô˭Ҳ˵׼ү 

үյүҲյǣչ粻̫ġܰοȺȴһҲûС 

 

СֱжϽŽȻϵüöϵЩʱҲûôȬŽԼԸʳԭͲݵƤŹͷСֵʳҩĺָܿǽⲻ˱Ⱥ˵Ѩ 

ظָյͣǸںͰүٱˡ 

СֶүҪô 

[һζҩҪžҩԣүҪӴ] 

ꣿɣ 

[ү]Сյص 

ҳԡСֱضؿֱŰջȥүš 

[үȳԷ] 

Ҳˡ 

ˣһжСЧһҲУһ⻹ʮ̶ԹԳꣻȺȻԴ壬о˺ҲȥƷɻףÿεͶĻ˳õֶξͶˣΨһͻһУв˵ҪȥǿŮ뻭԰飻ڰܣֱӽˡ߸ 

[үЦʲô] 

СԼϣСιүԡ 

[]ƷСֵգүûôˡ 

СιԷЬʱʱصĽס 

[̺ѿ] ״һڴֵỊ̇ǽ̵̫ɵõ覴á 

Сжп̷жţǺǡ˵Ҳ䱿ˣýϵİжšСֿ 

̣Բ黭Բĵ£ǲ뿪үߡ 

[]Сӵͷ°͵ȴĴ 

ү 

Сӣ 

С侲СʰӣӺá 

СָæýþԼ뿪ˡ 

ò׵ȵԼСֵ念СӴɫ൱ѿʲôʱģ 

үСš 

Ŷ𣿡 

У 

ôˣע⵽С˺ץۣĸŮ 

˵СӵĴҾû˵ôµˡ˵ôأֶһֻ֣Ѩ 

˭ 

ǡ꼡С˵Сġ 

Ц⣬ôˣ 

ûôǰôûүЦӺˣǡǡ 

ʲô 

ֹǶҲ԰ĶԸıӡֱӰӱɲҺǰ˴ӵĻסűסС 

Сӣѡɡ 

 

Ҫ 

ϡүСƺ߲˼ؿ֪һүǸк꼵вѰĹϵүΪһҪɱȫһꡣ 

һˡ 

֪źүôãүм 

ʱ䣬Сĸ˼ͷͻؾһ 

˵ģ 

ᶨصͷ 

Сɫ亹ֱðȫʬҾȹ 

Σ 

ΣʱҲô˵ġүСͨڵϣҪȾҰ 

ȣȻȣСӡ¶⣬ЦⰻȻүЩ 

СģСĽⲻӵѨ 

ϻҪܽ⿪㵱ˡ 

үҪСʲôСӺ乵ӺòһҲû֮ͬġ 

үһ 

ĨһѺС³һվֱ壬Ҹȱȱ˵˵ɡ 

áɢЦӣϱкֻǴ˺ӣһҴϵǴӱϡ 

үظҲС˵Ц 

첻ǰɣ 

ͳ˵ܶǺöԸġصܶ˼˭ö֪ȴô˺ϵİ˫Ҳ 

ж˵áߵƥһ 

Ȼǲү 

ôأ˵ıŹִ󺵣һ¶ôˣͨ뼾ӡ 

Ǵ˺ӵһ֧ϱ򣬺ˮķԴвĸɽѩڻˮһͷ˺һͷŹأڱŹɽ赲γһˮļѩڻˮɽͷɽһǵƽϵ͵ļӣıѶߣͨ뼾ӣӺˮӣ߻дƬرû 

СۣүôΪˡ 

ʵŪȫϢΪΣ 

ظҪ˽û˸Ҳ䣬˵ӦЩѶŶԡǡٸ˹ٸ 

һ룬ٸΨһô 

ǳ͢ʵۣԲҪϱó 

ԲκȲϲ迴ôݣСӿľү顣 

ǻó͢үˣģͨ뼾ΪΣ 

ֻȥһЩըҩÿЩ 

һСеظܵүҪˡ 

 

ǰһ£иǿ书ҲȻٸǿ书Ҳǡ 



66 

Сǿǽ״ֵĥòſǴӣʶǺﾪȵغϲ°ͣү㡭ǡ 

ʳָ죬Ի˵˵á 

ȴСǱλ֪Ĳæɽ󶪳үⲻУСĻǵظ֣¾͵СĲ֪ӾСҲû 

ظʹˣ 

ȺͰܰظõˮ©һһҲǵļ֮£ΪľǷֹ˲ȥ˺ 

үɲи 

꼻Ļôߴߴʤķ 

Сӵһ£λӻܸ·ȴǷɱɣүʳ԰ 

үҴӦʲôʱʳˣõģұ֤һ㡣 

СӸмؽӹӣСĻΪүǡһʲôĻѧ˵ˡ 

סƶãֻƲˡ 

ܲһүʲôʱɡСһ㶼û 

ǣͻү 

 

С˳سظڸﰲү¶С˽Զʷ˼ֻҸǰļֻһŭ֮¸ųˡͬ᲻֪ĻĹ̥Ҫǵٳûѡ 

λӴˣһʹĲǽѿǶ˰עϵʱСѾݱ󲼾֡ûɹСӣֻǰζܰͳϱ˵ġܶһ 

 

Ҫó͢Ū취ΪүΨһҲϱк˽׵ڶ˾һĻ﹩ѡ˵СֻܽΪүŭˡ 

Ƹ˵ƶûƬ̳лдֻêշжʮ֮ϱûһ̴ӰӡүǼ򵥵С֪ģӭ߸Ƿӣֻǵ˽ŰүĲ򵥼ʶ˸͸ 

ҪСӰĵڶ£ͨ뼾ӣˮͱŹءͳСֲ˵֪⻹ǵСӻΪ˷ࡣһ˵⣬Ϊܾȴû˵̧ף˷ըҩɽҲܸըƽ 

үҪôأ¸Ӳܹܵġ 

 

ֵþ춯Ȼظӡ 

ġȷ˵ 

ܡȺʮֿ϶ҡͷλײβܶһ͹ˣ˵е̴ 

ţҲǲܣϾܸɳµ˲ࡱ˳°˼ţɫԽԽѿүܶ鲻ǳˣ 

˵үΨһɥеȱ۳˹ΣҲ²⣬үŲᡭ 

᣿ô˵Ʒ⻰ǻϽͣ˵̻һ飬ŵĵǽȫȻڡ 

ߣȥ 

Ȱڣֻ˳ȴġ 

硭ϤûһݾϰԵͳ 

ү˳ķ۴ֻЦ⣬ð˵һ亹ĥʱ䵥ֱʣĸʲô˵ܶΪݱ¶ûѻ˵˵ңĲҡ 

ү˵ûв벻׵£ΨһȱݺݵҧȱǾ˭߹ȥȴȡ£ȵһͷж롣 

ǸܶûУ 

һĭС֣Сһ߻СҲͬǾΪһ飬һ¡λ˴֮ܶ͡й֮£˻ɿѾ̴֪ºйأνƱжҲãҪ֤ƱҪ˵ԼݣȻȻͲֻǱڼ̳ 

ΪλӦòỳɵͷϣǻǡܶҲֻǻɣץһСӡ˭ǻ뵽ȥǧҲû㵽ֲӡ 

ʵǶ𣿡 

ŰүƷɶһݸү𼱣ȿڲˮ˵ 

ðɣ˵ҺǸܶȷвѰĹϵ һѻ˵꣬ͣ˲͵Ѿܴˡܴ󡯶˵رء 

̫үడһֱû˵İ̲סڳŪ 

ͺܴ󣿾ж󣿡ҲֻΨһСְĻ档 

ôŵĻѻ˵ĳڣƷصŴֹܵү˵ͱţ 

Ⱥ 

ȺȥʾΪ 

Ψһҡ 

ţ 

Сֱް˵ 

Ʒɡ 

Ȳ衱 

ܡ 

ң 

Ҫֻ򵥵ҸҪƻݹ飡 

[caihua/qiu] 



67 

λ˱ƵÿͶʱͻȻײһûͷûԵļһ˸ 

үүүСӱסһߴ󺰴һ߳й׷һ㡣 

ұ죡˱һǱף޲šԴ 

СӱôһͣºУλٴμƿүһµү 

ʲôԼȲˡ 

ˣ 

ϻ˱飬ɫģС˺µֻһ꼣 

˭ˣɫһתİ̽СסȺֱѴѨ 

ʹãΨһֻ˦ȣȺʹջ֡үѨû⿪ģСҲŵͷָͶȺ 

ˡȺǼӡ 

ŵòǣʹѾѨٱסضѪȥЩıɱ׷Ļֻһ䡮ˡ¡ 

硭Բ屾ܵؾ͡ 

С˭ˡƷתֹȺ˵ȥԽԽ˵ȥүŹ֡ 

˵ 

ǡشӣضӣӣġ 

˺죡˳ĿһСӲٷǸؿСǡ򱱽꼡 

ôƷתˡ 

ƳǲǸһһô ˳ص 

ûǽӵϢ˵ˡƷ˵ֲȥӾͷɽըƽˣˮ˼ӣˮǺܿͻ͵Źء 

ô֪ 

 

СʲôҲû˵СɵЦ˵ǽս͡ 

ԭɵ»ٰû벽Ͱüɹү㵱һͷŭ.䣬ߵǰ˵ȥ 

׼ȥΨһ嵽ſֵסŨŨĺ⣬ȥʲôҪɱȥ׼ټһۣ 

ΨһɵĴ£Ҳȥȥˡ 

ȥ˴߳ 

ͷȥҲá 

 

ظ˳洦ɼɫѰһƫƧСԷ 

ͬϻһһŮվǰȺ򡣼֮ŮסڣסҷҲƳһƵ꼵̰˾Ըӣ֪Ǻõʱǰһס 

أ 

ɱģ 

η޾ͣǡ 

棬롱 

ɿؿǰӣ֪˭ 

Ц˭˲֪ظĵҴӡ 

ҽȥ֪ݡ 

 

챳ſڵĺת 

ġ 

ոˣ˴˶֣ľ֡ûдյѻ˿ۣ´ԭķ費ˣ˿ֻͷɢɫĶڱ 

˵ΪΣɲΪΪˡ˵ûһֱͲǸְĽ죬Źر쳯ؾҲñˮҲգҲں 

𣿡 

ɫǧΪһ䣿 

𣿡 

꼱΢εӼŭȭͷſһӡӡֻ붼û㣬µ㻹ͷ 

꺣˾㣬ܳΪҪ뿪 

Ѿ 

ǺǡڨЦʱųΪûǰɣҲ뿪Բԣ 

죡 

ܶͶ˻ѵң 

վӿɥȮӣ 

 

ץŶԷ½Ťһȴ˭Ҳû֡ 

ҵǳž硭ʱһ 

ȥſڡ 

ҵɣĪǶͻȻ֮飿 

ͣ²ӻصǡ 

ţһ˰ҡ 

 

ص֧澴īΪϲ衣 

Լµһ 

Ǻǣ˰ɣҸ 

ƤЦģôˣ 

ºҪɱ꼡 

ҪɱɱҹܲҲܡǡͻȻЦͷ۾ӳͬĺô֪ȴٳٲɱ 

Ψһô˵ֻһԭ˾꼡 

Ϊʲô岻˵ûУ 

Ҳɵ벻Ӻ§סĥľӡ 

ô˵ 

ɽ𻢻˵߳ 

[caihua/qiu] 



68 

ḧŪķ˿״ʵô˵ 

ɽ𻢡˵߳ 

ڼԴ³ЩۼĻŴЦôи׷һķ˿ָ䡣 

ү˰үʮֱʹ 

ҵЩʮţˡ 

Ͼ£˵ҪͷϣҲҪЩϲС 

Է 

һЦڰ鴤ϣ鲻Ԥϵǰ㡣 

 

Ϊ˸үʰµ̯ӣһΨһע⳯͢ٶһ治ϧϹźԽȰ˵̴𷫳ɳ̫ôܶɽˡ 

ʱѩڻˮǴӿ뼾ӣǳؾˮͣפҪŹ׵亦˳ԭ쳯ʵ۵һҪ׵ˡ 

֪̫ķΪķøȣ쵽ӹųѾżӣ˱ֻòšСӣҿˡ 

үˣС˫ֱסľֻýŵŵץס½ǵֻ֡ 

үͣ¸ӣûУ 

ظ˺ææүϯæŰǰԺĺæкһѱͣгտż˱ܳۡ 

˱డ 

СӵͷнݣʱĨ˰ѺѰƽյүûӭȥˡ 

Ǹӭȥˡ 

ǰص˽ָɵšϡһǰִ¶֤һҲûжΪЩ˲ǽ̽ѯڷˡ 

÷ҡݡӢΰĿ๫һñ˵ע⡣ 

ˣһûӵǰ涼ĿλݣЩŮҸ 

λҲ½˳ɵЦһԵΨһ㿴үʲô 

ʲô 

š 

 

ˡץ۽ǳ鶯¡ 

ʲô 

úţȺͰһվͱס 

үųѰζ 

ͷ׷׸żÿ··ۼ˽пҲ 

ò䲻ɫȴҲƵϿ㣬תԵüСһһŶҺɴڸޡ 

˼ҲĶôضϳŵĻҲŵһˡ 

С˵ʲôģ Ӱ˶´һʱҲֲŮ 

˫ˣһϲôС 

үɫٿ䣬ôҲ벻ǰԳƣ 

ֳӣóЦ 

ôö˼ҡЦ 

˼ң˼ң˺죡ҪӸҪͱ߸߸ӵס 

˵ɣʲôʱģǰչ 

ָڰãʿȫλˡȻЩ˻ŧˮѰ˿ܲɱһˣعȫ顣ǰӴĮ;зһ嶾Ƶˣʱ꼾ڸΪġʹ嶾Ƶһֻ־ܹ꣬˲һ˵عǡ 

ô϶ 

϶ΪԹ꼵ֻһĵز 

ƾͻң 

½˱ܳˮЩɲͬݲͬ䲻ֻͬһͬǶˣڼҹˡ 

ûڳĻʼ۷׷ס 

˵ 

ˡĿתţҪصʱҾȷ㡣 

ҵˣ 

书ѵ㴫ڵģ 

ǴӺε֪ 

üëааһЦˡ档 

ɳǴȥִῪʼȥεִָɻظμӵ֮٣ȥǰкü˻˵û٣Խ˾ͽ¡һϹϹ𩻹һЩոǿλõ˶ȥ˷ӥ㲻òɡ˳Ͱܵı˾ͽ¡Ϲ˵ڳţƺм˵İѱС 

˼ڣ˵ȴ̽ȴ޹Ψһִᣬͻȥ޷ĵϸĽǼ˲μִֻˣǰȥλ˻ɾϲɡ 

ȺһԶӳţһϷȡóŵΣСȥһױʶơ͹ˣ֮ǰѵ֪ŵ书ǳȣһۻҵ书ָʹǺʱһʽ 

ǧټɱұ㲻ỳɵ㣬ϾʱҶ˷ˡ 

ߡ߸Ϊ򱱽Ȼ԰ѽø壬˷ɱɣ 

˵꼸ս򱱽֮ʱ쳯ؾϰ鷳ѱŹԱĵطø쳯ؾͣս²Ų书 

֮ˮкҰյˣǸɱ 

νʼ磬ǹڼˮˣ ΩŻ 

ء޴Ļƿ飬Ƭ֪֪㺦ˣ 

ĨȥϵѪۣǰҾ͸߹㣬ǲ֣Ҫᣡʦ 



69 

ʿ£ͽҪ츳ϻ۹,е࣬Ƶ뽭ʦүɽžδֹһӹţպͽܵɵҲ̸˵һŵĽǵ˵߷塣˵𡮳ͨ˲Ȼη֮ģֱᲢ۵ûС 

 

˵ͽܣͽƣٻңŹֹ죬ͨĵϤŽ˥д˵δ֪˳ơͨͽ̼ܵŹ£书Ϊ߾һżȻ˿òΪˣΪʱ˭ֵ֮ĴţҲԸյˣ˳ơͨͽԶӣƢԽ֮λʦ书䲻ʦֵڽҲѷ֣ƫռֹн֮ƣ˵ǰչƿѪʵΨŵӡдΪ֪֮ͨ 

 

ŵ书Գһɡжෲڼҹ򣬹֮ƸսȻͳŵ书ƾǼҲܻ顢ѲҲնϣԻʩֻԷɴ˵ 

 

ĨȥϵѪۣǰҾ͸߹㣬ǲ֣Ҫᣡʦ 

 

˲䵯Ⱥ漴ȭ˵λŻ»λһرܣչĳһһл 

 

ɵ淢µҲõΥضӵ⣬λŵֵҵĻλǰ֮ӡ 

 

˭׼ߡҵİ˺סˣȴΥѵ˫Т֪ϲֽôһˣ˶塣ǰһλ£СֵλáҪʣɴȶתۼСѶ㵽󡣡ôֹһȻת˵أôɵҵģڴǺͯڵűһ㡣 

 

᲻֪뷨Сְֵܾ˶Żڣûлɣ˶ȷž 

 

ǡˡȷžңʱθߡ 

 

ǰ˭˶̵ʱʦָõĽʹȻ𾴵سԼһʦ 

 

˵Ҳǡ źɴҲԵõ顣 

 

ˡǣԳЦЦֱһǰһһͻȻ 

 

ǲǸҵѡˣ 

 

ˡΪ׸Ҫ׽ˣѡͬʦվһͬΪɱޡ 

 

Ū˵Щ£ľҷ˫Ͼ˫뵽ְ취ҳҶ˵ҵ˫ģ˰ͷתվŵĸ߸ˣƺҫ 

 

Ūҡ 

 

ȥɣ˫ҲΪҿ㣬òˡ ̸һͨںΩǼˣͬݽ棬̳˴ҲȾӡһһŸԵ˲˵⣬⼸ûչ˫ðɣ 

 

ҶӣֻоüɫӺͰ˷һޣöǵľܸɡ 

 

ŶʵĽ 

 

ָҲҪԷҲҪӣû֪˫õĵʵλҵĸֺͽܣڲƾӪһͽҪԼҸó 

 

ܶô£ã 

 

Ͱ𽥱лҳļٿһʵĻֶ˶䡣 

 

ĪҪ˵λЦЦһ˺ϸ̴Ϊ̴򶷣Ҳ֪˫¡ 

 

԰ɣҪ˵һ򶼲£ͷĪܶı߸ҪΣôһ˵˶䣬ظ߸ӻҪε˿ɲ׼š 

 

˭˵ģĻǡ 

 

˰˲סصͷ 

 

㡭㺬ѪˣӺǰͶˣÿζϷˣƹ֮䡣 

 

ֹûУ߸˵ͺһٲܶ˵ˣӻ֣һ䣬ǴӺε֪ҵ٣ 

 

ʦҲѰֻ˵ڽ伣ˡ 

 

СҰͨԶҲҲ˼ʹҲͽȻڳΨһڳΪȴûõһ˿صֻһˣӡŪδޱϲۺõͬһֻ֣йɺ˲õϡ 

 

еӲùɣʦ 

 

ǰꡱõҶԶںĹ˷׷վʦǺηʥһòƽɫƣȴܰ𪣬ܲȻ 

 

ʦ֪ͽô 

 

Ϊʦֲǣ 

 

ͽ¡ 

 

ǰǲǰСӲ֪ү˵ѣүԼҵ¶Ӧȥ¡ 

 

ʦͽĿӷʶİˣ䵭˫ܴЩǿϰٱ 

 

ʦ 

 

ôӦΪʦٵġЦɵúܣЩ˵ĺͬšϸֻü 

 

ɣÿȥʦʦ֡ͬϸ 

 

𣿡 

 

ʦضǣֻҪ䡯һ书ٺҲǡ 

 

˫ɱ޹ӴҪʦΪֳģκޡ 

 

ʦƷɾѹµ˽䵨ֽŴѡǰҪڶǰ˵ꡭѾǰ£κ˫ɸֵ£κ˫¡ 

 

үʲô䡯һʲô˼˳ס׷š 

 

סʱ£յδҲУҲ˶ҡ 

 

ƥ򣡲үҲᡭƳһƣٴγƱ¡ 

 

ҪſϷŹǣ 

 

¶ŪĹУܵסˢ̣֮Ϸпһȫʬ 

 

Ҫѿࡱ󣬡ҪǿҲͲᷢô£ 

 

ʦߵǰָƽ½󣬡˫ΪʦԲݣܻܲҪǵջˣ˵أ 

 

ǣʦ˼ᶨƵ˵ 



70 

ߵǰָƽ½Ŀ⿴ޣ˫ΪʦԲݣܻܲҪǵջˣ˵أ 

ǣʦ ˼ᶨƵصͷ 

ҲɿסѨʹá 

ƥ˵ûɱ˾ǰסǡκ˫ݱǻкδܹ㡣ȻȱظһᣬۺǺҲΩдӦ 

ʲô Ʋó˺ù 

һЦüӯӯڴƤµľİ˵áʦ޷ҪǵһѾ˼Ѿᷳˣ쵶˽˺áʦֲҲСô 

һƵһЦһһͶᣬ类ɱ˫ۣӯӯЦ 

ɣļѸߴƵĿţһǰιûӰ 

ߣСֵĸ첲Ҳ׷ȥƺͳš 

 

ʦͣų˸ۡɽԽһ·Ķ˳ 

ΪʦṦûлķϰɣ 

û 

书Ṧãǰһں׷ÿҲҪʩչṦӡ 

ʦЩû˵ͱصˤڵ¡ 

ɡ 

ظؿǽɽţۡ಻ɽƽճظɽ˲ý롣ɽϪˮﻨ,Ҳ޻,ôԵƷɲɱ,Ǳ㲻Ű㵽ɽһ. 

ô족 

˼ͬʱ,ּĴɢ,ʯͻȻзɵߵ,Ѫģ 

ޱΪͬ,ʱ.ϵĳϵ, ˫,ҷһô? 

ƿ,Ц, ?ʦ˫һߵĶ? 

Ҳ֪,֮ǰҾͿ⸱!ĺһ,ܼСѹӿѪ. Ŀһһɨ,ÿһÿһ㶼鲻˵ģ,˼˾Ͷģһ˾һôװˣֳܷ߷֣ 

ֻ֪±ӲҪǣһͺãֻһһȴһҲ벻ٲˡ 

һҲ벻ٲˣЦݵܶ壬ҵҪٲˣתؿһƣɳһⱻ¡ 

ү 

Ƶסˣŷǰγָ䡣 

֮һԸƣұ㲻ٲʦ֮¡ 

𣡡 

ЦЦ˵ǵһȷ˫ǣҲκˣͷҡͷȫǡΣ˭˵˫ѡ񣿡 

˭Ӧ˿˼ڲӵ˻󺰡 

˻棿Ⱥ˫Ŀ΢ڣµָָʶҲȫ˴˾롣ΨһСһԣСͻȻصǺǣ޹úô⡱ 

˭ҪǸҴӦͲҵޣްϸ𣡡Ī˵ĻʦƻûУ 

棬˵Ļûвġ 

õ֤ȺƷɡ˳ܼ̰ס۶ɱ֮ 

ٲŭ 

֪ұȺӿȺ졣 

ǶǸ˰ɡ˳ЦĶˣµĽȻʣǸ־͵±ү 

ֵõôǸ檶ѡ 

ƷҲҪ 

죡ıͬգҪҲôҿʼĩ 

ǰҪһ͵ҪǸȻүĵġΨһƳվԭ˿ֻܿҲ˵ڡǶˣСΨһҲóö֮ˣҲʧ¶ΡСֻ¶ֱͻȻѨ 

Իɢȥ 

รЩˡһԵС֣ԴϷֻ˻ˡҩ䲻ϲʹ¶ֶǧ˷ʤǱͨÿʱÿ̵ضСֲ 

ΨһҪ֣ ýеһ˿ǰŲŵĽƤһߡ 

үΨһ֣ǰǣҲǣΨһһκˡ 

ǵģûΨһ֣Ψһԣүòã 

үûΨһԼΨһˮͱү˵±ֻеһǸһҶԲԣΪ˫硭ǿΨһˡٴĨȥᣬʵʦưɡ 

ʦʦ֣ͣˡ 

ΪʲôҪ֣ͣû˱ҪѰ·ˡһȽ΢΢µĿҶʼ𽥱Զ 

ɵӣ֪꼡֪Ψһ룬Ψһ˵ף챿˵ףΪһΨһܶġ 

ƴΨһſҶУڻ䣬˿裬޺Ψһһ統꿴ǰģʱűֻǾ˯ڵϡǰһ̻޳ɻСɵϡ[caihua/qiu] 



71 

𣿡ɫŵ𣬡ƣڰǣ 

ָüơɱ㹻Ҫ 

ɣҲδ 

Ҳжˡüչ¶һ˿εЦݡ 

ܣˣȴתС֡ 

ΨһµĶɢȥԵҲָ֪ƺ͵Ŀ⣬ܼݵС߽⿪Ѩڱ 

Ϸ㲻ֵĻᡱư˹һѹţֻʣɡ 

Сҡͷûʱͣ˿̵ĵΨһơִҸ´Ծ 

 

һ,бԾ𣬳ֱָڵϵΨһһӰнǣһԣת֮ȺƷɡ˳վΨһǰƷʰŽڱ޶һľŽڱ˿ƶɼޱȣֻ΢ʹ͸˺ü˿ǴݵĹ 

СָΨһѹóһҩ£Ŵӽó˺½ʩǰḮеѨλ˾ȴţ̵ʱǺܾܳáֱγʣд𣿡 

С̧ͷˮЦ𿪣[ãš] 

û¡⻰˵Զڵϵġ 

ſڵأҶһƳսʻص 

 

ȣг忪Ѩ 

ô˿ɾʯͷ£²̫綨ۣǧ󲻻ҩĶ 

ûжҩǾֵİɡ 

СٴҡͷгֵĻ֮ǲʹСӲҪ˵¶ҲֻǰˣүԼڣظλ϶մһĶ˶Կά֮áǰʼʱǰһֶۣոһն۶Ѳ߶ԣմȾٻᱻѹɡûǽӴûж 

Ҳһ 

ʦ˵ô²̫綨ۡ 

ү˳ϲֵغ 

ĵϵĲмҶӲӵѪλЦǡĬȻԼѪۡ 

ΨһָϻҰ׵գĶͷᵯһ£ţүһüҷ㣬ӱһŮ뻭 

ûûҲûã°Ϳϥϣ߷ȻôòŽ⿪Ҳ˵ҵͽܡ 

ԭǿˣʦһͽֵʦ쳣ǲزס֮ɫ 

«ʲôҩеĳݽʦܣϷ⡣ 

ǰԣƣ֮Ҳٲ㡭ʦֵĽָҲãҲñһ˿ʦֻ֣Ӧָ˶ѡ 

ʦͽģҪɱң 

ɱ㡭һɱôɵŰһɺǰƤҪҪˡ 

ʦἫļذ 

ԶԶҲԸ¡Ǹçں׷Ŷȥˡ 

ŶߵԭһֱԸⰡ 

ΪĸԸģȻ̧ͷ䣬ݵƤһ룬ȫ˺¶ģ 

ɫδı˳ͳţҲ棬书ġͨ˶Ϊ˼˶Ϳ̿ 

ʦҵֻʣ㡢Զ˫ 

ݵϷᲢۣ 

ιôȥ 

ꡭǧʦǰ𡮿ޡ֡ 

һӸʵܲٵ˿޿䣬һԾǰӸ˵ˮˡ 

ܿջĨɾС㻹Ǻʹǰһᣡ 

ͷ˺죡 

СΪʲôʦᡭæס˳죬ȺҲ˵ȥ˳һȭǸ֣Ҳ˵£ʦվһߣ˭ʱӻȥ 

ʦҪɱʦʦỹ֣ĲȥʦŶŵˣȻЦʦƺ֪˶ŻҪǵһ˽ƣ˳Һʦ֮ɱ¾ҵһΪƵ 

ˣΪҪ˵ҵޣްϸĻȺʱգͷЩһֽ顣 

һж̫ͻȻҲϸ롭ʦ֮ʦͬȺ֮ʦΩѡʦһ𣬿ʦʼջǶͽ᲻¡ʦһʣµֻпԼˡ 

72 

ıѳ׼ŭƣĳݽ£ѿΪֹϷҪһ֮أ 

㿪 

ȺͰܵӭͷǰƳһƵʱƷΰӿƳûӹƷĽƷɡ˳ҪȥͱһסԶ 

״ظѾȡҪֵǴˢǵʯľɡԥٴδ󺰣ȥ 

ӻͳһ֧ڳǰʲô˵µŵϴȥûּ䡣 

żϤ֮ǿ۱㽫飬ɷλޡʹȱֶΣظ˲ˡ 

ǡ 

һ´ˣ书ĲǰǵǰΪͽ 

Ȼʲôèèܽʦš 

˭èèԺ 

ŴһһƽһƵػӳ浹岽ձܹһٴϮǡڳžƳһ֮ʣȻһȭʮں֣űžͣһ˲һ˲ʵʵһơ 

øˣʵҲֲ塱˷һ˵ñңȻж͸Ӯˡ 

Žۼ˴Ѫܿ쳩ͨĲӬģֻҪһȥ 

ƾ㣿ǱƲˣʦҲ˵ܽһȺͰܱѹ·磬ʦûʹȫ 

ųûƣ㲻жܿҪ˹ʮռϷ磬֮ȺͰʽԼ롣 

 

չȺϹʱĸʢʱвǰ£ȻЩǰԵ΢֪һа书ȡ嶾ɱ˲Ǽ޻ҲΪȡǵСֵĶɢȥһԲǰɱ˵ʱӳЩˡ 

Ϊһ֮˼ƴǲǶĹƣ 

ƨ£˹ͷƨƿڴȺЩ˸ 

֮ˣϷɱҲǹһ 

֮ˡȺֽ֣밢ܳƳһƣδСЩõȴϧҲ֪ˣҪò࡭֪֣߳ 

 

˳ƷɱסѨٰϣ˫˫á 

˵ٲֵģ 

ʦʳԣ 

ҾʳһҺε̡˵ֿۿʦ֡ö 

ԽԽȥˣƷɵΣ˷粻ѿڶ 

˵ϣ̵ƷǰţҲ 

Ϥ㡱ŮҲǸŮ˵ļһа̲ɡ 

ƫ㡱 

ʲôֲ˳ƫϵڡ 

Ҳ£ֻøˡ˵˭ģ˭Ҿ͸ıӡ 

ֻǻ˳µҪοǸӣȻǡƽ檣үȻЩ 

ذ׻εƷߣ˵òҪ˱ӻܿôȻңһүϲ 

˵үϲӲŲϲҵ 

ڳԼǡڱƽƷɸæүһӦģ 

ǲǣŽڱ޶ 

үá 

㲻ҪǣүһĴ˳˵һ۰Ʒɡ 

˵ʲôģү˭ϹҵĴΪү˹ҡ 

ûͿɣΪ˴ӡүΪ˺ܶΡ 

Ϊ۸ 

ǵˡ 

˶˼ϺԶߵĵȴֺ˳۽˺̵£׷ֲǿΪλԹ޻ڣ 

Ʒɶ˶ɬĲӣ³һһͺûҪǿ顱 

ֻҪ˳ݺݵؿƷɣ˾ͽ˳ǿȰƷɵĴϰٱǧ 

๻ġ 

 

Щȫװɵ 

ס ;,дһ,Աֵɾϡ 

ϻΪ֡ûװɵ֮ǰǿʹֱͣͣǰʱһĹҲܴﵽļޡ 

ұߣ 

Ѱȥݴ˰ܵļΣγϹѪ⡣ٱǣøϿ˶ϡ˰Լŵʽ˴ΪǿƷÿγ,á⹥¶ʹ,Ȼмƣ֮ʱͬբŵĺˮкһƻвɱȥ 

Ƽʤ˳ŷɱӿͷȺһͻȻȺɳȥ漴ݽɨָ 

ûϵƻѽָ޴綤ֻܾܿҪûٴγ屻ײɳСֺΨһߡ 

[ү]Сֿ˯Ѩ 

˺ܴһӣѪŵ˶գѨֹסѪֻϧžܿ棬ҲͲᾡɵ¡ 

ҡΨһƿصֺܿϣˡ͸ӳϵĻҰ׽ 

 

ظ鷳ʰɾȡ 

ˣ͵Ϊʬˡѵү˼ЦѽݸҪȥȺͰܣȴסǴ򲻹Ҵͨٻᣡ 

ˣ 

һԣ͵˽ҲҪռȡ 

˳们ǣס¡ſļ米񣬺סүţ±Ҫϵκ±Ӳ϶±ֵ 

Ⱳӻ£Ҫ±ӣ 

£±Ҫֻ֮¡ 

73 ֻԸ֪ģ1 



κ˫ں࣬춯ݡʧյĵò¹һŵĶڻѪȥ 

 

ӹʦŶκ˫һŵǸˣʦôԶظ׹ʦǡ 

 

ûУ˵ȥϴ 

 

ƿʱһϣƯ޶۵ղŵѪȴĽãССССıǣСС˰ĿСС޶κ˫᲻÷ſĸоΪеͷ 

 

ôʦϴ˰ʵ 

 

ûæջ˼鿴޶ơ 

 

ֶΣϰѪڣÿһֻƤ¶Ѫֱһĺ̡֮ͯͬʦýҩ 

 

κ˫߽Է޶ڴϲȥճѪ£ͷʦҩӹСǴĿ˿ϡҩ۸մ˿С㶯һ𽥳鶯øҪסȫûһõĵط֣ҩҲûҩסļѷɿҩǰٷΪ󱳵ҩ 

 

ʦ⺢˭˳ģ 

 

ааһЦûȢּҵŮ͸ôϱΪʦ۹ⲻɣ 

 

ʦǺκ˫ⲻĴ滶ϲЦ⻹ûͱͷһ 

 

ɫŮöá 

 

˵ж ӺڼС 

 

˵ģ浱Ǹҵϱ 

 

ûС 

 

ͽʧɥʦЦѣҡͷϧּҵĺҲǺòϧҲжҪ˵ֻҪÿŮҲ˸гô 

 

ΪģмơֻŮӲôڽӴȢΪޣûĸ˸Ը¡ԺСٺ͹̵гǱΣǿСֺ⺢ӣպ󶨱Ǻ֮ǡ 

 

㵹Ǻġ𿿽һ߳ţʱȥ 

 

ʦʦƵᣬصΪΣ 

 

˫ɱ 

 

κ˫һʱת˳ʦĿ⿴ϵˣΪʲô 

 

ҧҧޱ飬ֽЩʹˡ 

 

ΪʲôʦҪɱˣ˵ôʦΥáֱֶָ޶Ѩȴǲ벻ᣬã 

 

ãֻ㲻ɱ 

 

ͽҡκ˫ͷĬã࿪ͷ֡ 

 

ʹߡ 

 

ָ֮ǰ͵ջأ־ϲɱˣ 

 

ҿɸ㣬һǣϻ·Ͳˡ 

 

ǣ 

 

ߣȫ㣬Ҿ͵ûչͽܡ 

 

Ŷκ˫СĵΪ˯޶羡˿ڣͽøϵź 

 

Ҫģһֱš˫һֵǵҪġ 

 

κ˫ٸжģǣʦ 

 

ʦĿͷˣ˵ʦšҾ͵ûչͽܡҩ 

 

պϵתѣκ˫ڴϢ˵ȴǵĸ 

 

޶һһãȻ֪ǲӤŬƵЦݣ㻹𣿡 

 

ʶصУԲ۾ǰˣûϲûз䱸Ĵǰ¶־壬ȴʲôҲûС 

 

ʦңԺһɺã֪Σκ˫ѽƯ޶ΪֻԼһˣָоȥδֻֻġ鲻ԽؽСӵڻ޶˿գקСȭͷǰ΢΢ָſץ½ȭͷקø 

 

Իϱκ˫һֻ޶ȥˣȫȻǲŵκʦһˡһŭ֮°ѷɽƵĲӬȽȫɽιҰºַǳڣҲЩҰˡ 

 

޶û˵һ仰κ˫֪ͽ޶˳һǰҩʥ󣬴ĴûԻǶĥƺϰʹͨ絶ȴ鵭Ȼӹһ¡·Ĵŷͷ󺹣б΢۰ס 

 

κ˫һӰóҩƿſСҩ裬̫˲ڵϡ޶족ҩͽιˮ£˳κ˫ŰģϢ 

 

żޣڻҲԸоϢҺЩιҩûоܾǻͯȴ翴ɮʲôӣ 

 

ټСȸԾϲκ˫ڳһֱֻסɱССֶּˡ 

 

С̧ͷע⵽һ˯ŵĺӣüͷбȻ[ˣ]˵òᡣ 

 

ʦڼô 

 

Сԥһ˾ģСκ˫ʧ 

 

СҽΣҪǿԼ⺢ҽɵúܡ 

 

[С]ԭ˯ۣСֱһ²£κ˲ú¡ 

 

µüιȥȴҪԭ˿ôΪβá㲻ҡųĴ׸ҩ֮ɱͬϣҡ 

 

κ˫ҩվ⣬˵бжˣСּ촽ڶæ˵űߡ 

 

ɱô 

 

С κ˫ݷҩСһ΢Ц漴ɫֵؿŴϵС˻޶ʲô 

 

˵ĶһʲôأǶǱǰű㱾ܵػش衭 

 

粶Ů޵֣ʲô 

 

ûС롭 

 

ԭ밡֣Ѱ˼ҿɲôСκ˫ڻҡΣƥСܸܲκ磬ΪҪ˵Ǿ仰 

 

ˡ 

 

ˣ 

 

ۡҲǡҲˡۣҲʹҩҲʹʹֻʹۡ˵ǱɱͲˡ 

 

˭˵ģ˵ѻκ˫¶־ӣɱԺϻźֵֺܴܴߺԶ·߰߰ɽ˹ӣɽмݵ޻ҧʹʹˮ̼˾ 

 

ᵽСɪһ¡ 

 

ûһֱȥɽǼӣӹǼɽǲǸ۰ 

 

ԭôۣĵ׵ƣѹ 

 

һĨ޸κ˫ܿûţСκһǲܵʱұ㣬Ͳˡ 

 

ܵÿô 

 

ӻ족 

 

Ӧܵͦġ 

74 ֻԸ֪ģ2 



ԭɱҪźֵܴɽ˼ͲﱻɱвͬΪʲôԭҪΪܣΪܵñӿ죿 

 

ǺˣΨһ뵽Ůˡ 

 

ҲʶˣֻʶֻС롣 

 

ôСԴôҲ벻ף˽֪Ѿòκκôʬܻزٽ˾ȻǶһ٣ĪǾʬҪȵɱˣδҲ̫ˡ 

 

ʲô 

 

ʲôƺκ 

 

κ˫Խκ硱κ˫޶С޳硣 

 

ֵؿֲԼֳΪʲôҪǡ硯κ˫ôˣ 

 

 

 

ĸ˵ġ 

 

˵ÿС֣ 

 

ղܡܲãҲǡ 

 

˼κ˫ʧЦΪҪֱκСֶã 

 

ʲôԭºѶ 

 

ûжŦͷȥϵ˯𡣹ŹֵĺӣüʵȻȴ֪ɶʲô˲õô鷳 

 

λǰõ¾Ҫˡ³˯޶ 

 

䴩ԭķεһ۾ܿˣ֮һοҪѶԸһЩ 

 

Ǻ㲻ǰδѵ˲޷ǵĳɱԭ˵ע⡣ 

 

ÿ 

 

˯ŵ޶һͺκ˫ֱһתֽǰգԹԱ۾һͺá 

 

Ա۾ſţʱȰһߣָͻκ˫书Ҳܸߣ·ûʰˣ˵һͺôġ 

 

ˡ 

 

أѲǷĵط 

 

ˡκ˫üΪ԰ 

 

Щǲܵġ 

 

żĺ̸ͯ¾ϰΪȥݿɺãչ书ǿߣסһЩˣܵˡ 

 

磡 

 

κ磡 

 

˻رûʱͥԺﱼǽ׵ǸһṦڹ 

 

Ҳڣ 

 

˵ˣűչѵˣƽôͲ˵˵չ硱걧ԹȴüЦصεҡͷ 

 

Ưĺӡ 

 

˶ҲƣǸĸоǺκ˫ˡ 

 

ĺƯκϱ 

 

˵˵׼Ǵӡ 

 

Ϊʲô׵˵κ˫ϱ۵ؽУܸô곤ȴǲ˵ӡ 

 

Ƕˣޡκ˫Сǽȥɺã䡱 

 

κ˫Ҫˣ˵ʱκ˫ǿǣ۽ǴЦ˵˺Ȥ¡ 

 

 

 

뿪Լôʼ˵ 

 

κ˫˲ĶЦͲǺ֣Щ˲ǡ 

 

㡭ֵԭҲ 

 

չҸ书ǿҪϢĽ飬Ҳκ˫ѡԭ򡣵͹һ·ˣǻҪҪʬҪ˵չҾҲҪһص֮ǰκ˫Ӳ 

 

޴ĵܲ͸磬κ˫ֳĵֵһץסյ䵶鲻ܿκ˫ֱֻ۵¿һֳѪڡ 

 

磬ȺԭǸκ˫մҰζ벻ϴ¡ 

 

κ˫̽Уߣ 

 

һˡ 

 

˵ˣߣκ˫ͦӽһɨ赲Ҫ׷ˡ 

 

Ⱥ뿪ᣬ;չܼҽת˲ͲӰ 

 

ܼ¸סշԸ˲˱һҹκ˫û˯ţԺκ˫˯һŴ˵ԭﶼһ˯һ˹Ȼ˯š 

 

κ˫ȺһͬصչȷȻʰ׼뿪Ⱥס֧˵һؾ߲٣˭˵˾Ѱ˾ 

 

Ҫߡ 

 

ǲܴˣȥһȫĵط塱 

 

ﲻȫôѾˡ 

 

Ⱥκ˫Ⱥ˺ۣڡ 

 

ȥĶ 

 

Ƴǡ 

 

硱Ⱥסκ˫ȴ޻˵ء 

 

á 

 

Ͽ࡮е˵ˣáϲϲκ˫ôչȺ 

 

Ϊʲôһߣ 

 

ΪþҪһߣСԺᶮġʱΪȺûϢ˷ضתŴ磬ĻһʹԭʶȻ޴桭Ⱥһʱ嶯ֲǻǰ˯ÿǹײģǳ嶯 

 

˿ںۣ 

 

ۣһҲۡ뿪ݣȺϡ 

 

ȥƳǣ 

 

ǰǡ 

 

Ƴٽκ˫ȻҪȥƯСʣôʬζ 

 

κ˫죬ӡ 



75 ֻԸ֪ģ3 

 

жʹ޷Աʣôʬζ 

 

޶һ䲻ű߼ʵĻŪκ˫ɶԴûкСˣ˫ȦסСС壬˵κ粻ʬζԸǱ㲻ȥƳǡ 

 

ҲԸͲȥô 

 

ȥˡ 

 

ãɻָСϣһҲ֪κ˫ʲôֺ֪ϣκ˫Ǵȥúһ𲻻 

 

κ˫º˼СԴڱʱĽ첽ڹٵϡȺʹƽһγ˿־ζ־ȻС书ǿз˭ԭţ±İΣʦ֪û׼Ὣʦš 

 

ȥһʦͻȻתԣ絽ǿԸѧһԵˣ֮·ÿ书ֻƤë޷չúòꡭƳǹǸþ֮Źֵ޶ƫƫ 

 

κ˫ô˭֪ͻȻôһ䡣 

 

㲻һֻŹŹֵֹС롣 

 

Źֵ㡣С֡ȺͰֵŹֵԭˡ 

 

СأЩ⡣ 

 

 

 

Ƴǡκ˫ԼЩʢŹֵС롣 

 

⻰ΪŹֵԭˣ˫סκ˫ļͷҪݺҧһڣǱƽʵӲ˼ѹ˱Ҳûҧסһ⣬ֻ¼ˮӡ 

 

ˣǰӾͻгԵġɲóԡ 

 

һֱиˣη书ߵ겻óȻ֣һ˱ʹʧʤĵȴʱ˸ʮκ˫ʮδߣƬ̲˯źź۴ڵȣƣвһȡ˵ⲻ֪øʱ䡣 

 

ʮڽʦһڹķķȥһǿղӹһ٣ǵѲðաûһµʱ䣬ЩѾȵòͷˡ 

 

˿Ѫӳ¶˵ϵ޶˯ȴûۣӲʵͷܲϲ档 

 

һΣΣΣκ˫ƽغ֮ɲǼһӰճḩֱĺ󱳣ƻ˶ġͬʱ˱ɳȥؿڱð̱Ųǰٱ䲻ꡣ 

 

˵ãοϷҵȣ 

 

κ˫һֱһֳ־һֳֽһεĽֻǵѪڣſСȫȻǿ 

 

⼸ˣ˵ֽֽûзֱ˲Żֻ 

 

ǰ˵˳˿£ڳƣ˫۱ɱȶȣɣ 

 

˵书зڶ֣죬޴㲻ǵΪ壬˽ɵʽ仯ȿתϢֿʹֵ㣬ƽȴ˶¶ 

 

ĥ˵󷨺κ˫ʱڰƳϰõƽơʱʱ仯ǧľƣųƿյʤܽ֡ 

 

̶ٴʹͬһУ˾赲һ˷ָеˡκ˫ֱܵ۽ȴеһ˼˫Ѵ˵ĸϣ޸͵һնء 

 

 κ˫ɫˢױŵòᡣ 

 

Ȼ˵ 

 

ܵľκ˫ȫйϣкԭֻǵ书ȴ޷ɱ֡ 

 

ѣˣ 

 

ûУֻˡһþȫ 

 

κ˫Űģѵ̫֪ˣһͷǰԴɡ 

 

Ҳܷϵ֡ 

 

û˻֡书һͯǾ޸ܣڼҹ 

 

Ϊֻһ˻᣿Ӽÿճϰ 

 

Сֶ΢ӿһ֣ͯдҵƷʱҲֻϰЩȭţͯٺ 

 

ϰպκɺã 

 

Ҫѧղ׽ 

 

ɣ׽ƽǰƳǵ洫Ľ 

 

ƽڶʽơֹˮη첻ǡáԣ͵Ϊֹκ˫ɺˮ޵ϻۣٹһʽͿɽһʽʱƷҲѧúܿ졭 

 

ƽƳǡǸܰסκСƷɣӦȥƳȴʳˣ¸۵ĺǸꡭ 

 

˵ǰƳǵ 

 

ǰƷɵƽڵģֺÿСƷɰƮƮɲģκ˫չüһЦ 

 

 

 

ֳҲȲκ˫ûüӾ߶š 

 

ȥƳǣ 

 

Ҫһ潣κ˫ֻֻľ˵潣ʹʹʹĲ潣ôκ˫˯źƵϸϸžĽʣ⽣һĽҪСӦʹ 

 

ǳ˯κ˫ӲƺһԾ龰̿ǵصľѹţֻĽųڹ꣬ƴڹ걻ѹסЦæÿ 

 

ߵͨ죬Բֺޡŵκ˫ʵ̲סЦԽԽЦЦµСϼЦ 

 

˸ɱκ˫㺡 

 







76 ֻԸ֪ģ4 

κ˫̺ɽ֣ǰЩղ¥СȬҲ׳˲٣ҪԸµظ·κ˫ã˵ɽ·ʵһ˽˽ձҹ§Ŷ޶ſ˫ֻ治֪Ķ 

 

ɽޣҲСһɽµʱȸķɣ׵Ĳ֪£֪µֻͷֺֻɽƽһ磬Ƶĳ˵һ׶ë 

 

˵ɵۡκ˫Լ⾹ûȲ˯˾ë棬Сסլû˵ڻмɻķ䱾ûб϶Ҳ˺Ķ 

 

ë汻η޾ضŷĪľģͣ²߲ٱƽ 

 

ϵ޶Ầ£κ˫æ¡ 

 

ΪʲôҪ£ķǵ»Ưν׳ëɫޡƤ⡭ڵĶЩѵ˵ܳ𣿡 

 

ܳԣƤ̫ʵҪЩʱ򡣡 

 

ʱô 

 

죬ɽûӲ鷳¶ 

 

˵ڴＤӿֻţɽаĽŭʹԾʯҴһݽˡκ˫Ÿʹϱɣ¡ŭֻƹ۾,ſѪ, һ߰˳߳Ļβѵشó 

 

 

 

ȷҲЩз 

 

˾Ǳ˵ݺ磬ںһȷ磬ϵҲⰵԾκ˫Ҫν˽һտղż𽣹ջһʱˡʧʱֻñ˵ڵء 

 

û˴ˣǿǰٽֲ֮ǹ˸ɰûио 

 

κ˫ëǰʧ棬˫ֻƶһƴڴƤһƻڵɽصอ״࣬ûθڡĿӲͷƤи 

 

ӡ޶䣬տʼǣþ˱㲻ٶԣϰʱ˵ϼʱ򶼼ĬԭΪ޶һû뵽̫ࡣ 

 

ڰƳʱһ׽СƷܻޡκֻƲƲ̧̧۾áˡԴϷˣʽСƷɿֲ֧ȻϸſüĿ֮СƷĽκ磬ȴָս 

 

κ˫㡣 

 

һӱݵߣſ£ʵЩˣ 

 

ͷ 

 

һκ˫ڳһֻֽӹͷֽģһͷͷݻȥܿ췭ɽͻкóԵġ 

 

СҧŰͷﻹϧͷʴĵ׶ 

 

˵κ˫һֱ·Ժʱ˵ĻԼҲǵˣմȥ˰ƳҲ֪Ǻ£˽˳Ҫ 

 

κ˫ʵһ·ϲͣ᲻ܣҪҪ³ߣ̵ĵѨѨ 

 

һº˰ƹأƳǵؾ̲ҺϻͳӦκ˫丸κүƵòСƾż·Ѱ׸ͣ°׸Ĵű㿪ˡ 

 

һŰɫװŹ߳ɳ𴵵κ˫۾ 

 

ǡκ磿꾪ţת۾ѵǰ 

 

Ʒɣκ˫ȷʡʱСƷò࣬κ硯ֻƷһˡ 

 

¸꣬ɶˣһʱƷɿ˿ת˺ǳǻŸʲôκ硭κ 

 

ˣҾһκ˫ϱ˯ 

 

κã 

 

ꡭСһ˯š 

 

ڰƳʱ㿪׷ɱ壬Ҳʱϰ䣬ĵһ˿԰Ƴǵǣҡ 

 

ʮƷҲǺƯСһƷɸ磬κ˫ﰵЦҲûһκ簡 

 

ǰκ˫ƷʶԼǶôƽСĺ书ȴֲ٣ȭŻǽѷɫ 

 

Ʒʴӱܱȣֻκ˫겻Ĺţǰϰ书 

 

Ʒɣˡ 

 

СӮƷɸ硣Ʒһ㲻ռˡ 

 

ôƤ̧һ£νȹż 

 

ඡ 

 

ߵ⽣Ӱκ˫һԱ߿߳ѣʱʱкãڱˣһ 

 

Ʒɵƽʽռ𽥴·磬ǿӲҪƷ°йԲ֧ƷֳƳش̶ֱ֮ȥæս赲ȴˡ 

 

žž 

 

ͬʱƷɣһ䳤һţʹӿˤڵϣȥԲԲѡ 

 

ûˣ 

 

£㻹ȥɡ ˦֡ 

 

κ˫ƿƷɵɼ鿴ƺϱȥҴºݺݵԼ±ç֣Ʒֲ˷ִ 

 

ۿʲôû˵ѵͿƷ˺ģһɱƷɻɱ⣬ֻһղˡ±ç𣿴ȴҲ塣 

 

ϲƷɣӿʼ޶˵Ϊκ˫ӿʼ˾ÿɺޡ֮¡ 

77 ֻԸ֪ģ5 



Ƴǵشʱڱȵġ 

 

ҹ˯κ˫ܽڻȲ֪ѹˣÿÿʪ͸ȵҪֱȴøΡ˯еκ˫޵һֱܣֻҪжͻս˫ۣζᱻڴ֮ǰͿҪΪԾתģ˼ӳʵһƴڻ׵򢡣 

 

κ˫ʹѣб°ɻŴˡջɵҲ´ڵ¡ 

 

ϯ°˼ͷҲ˵ 

 

˯Ըľ 

 

ôˣ´ֱŤ޶żڳ˺СӣȻȳĺ 

 

Ӵκ˫һ׾ʹ˯Ҳܴһǿƽʱĺʱůȵģд˰շֻһˡ 

 

ϤġƳƬżȻ¾ȥѡƥԡκ˫˵ƷҪЩʱһе˴·ȥ 

 

˼κүһĽͱϹϾǲǵָƥͷҪʱȫһܼͯҵ붼ţ 

 

ǴС֣ʹʩչṦԽ˿һ󾪺оȥ 

 

ӭ洵ε΢΢ʹûߣû׷ϵϲġƥԱԣƥÿ׳ߴ󡭷żһƥܲģκ˫ˡ 

 

ǴԺƷȻдգҪӮȴûʹȫκ˫ˣ˽ڼϰ䣬书һǧǰͬնҲ˶ΧķЩԴ⡣ 

 

׷ɱ˲ƳЮƷɺĸ׽衣 

 

ֻҪϡӴ˵еΪѣһ͹ˡѵϻһκϵ˵ɣĸ 

 

κ˫ɥĲʱɱеһ˵⻰Ķˣкѿ˵ͬǰŮһʼûйǰ׽뷨ʵŵˡ 

 

ƷɿκȽ㣬㡣 

 

޷ܾƷɣк޷Ҫ¶Ҫˣ˵˾ͻ˰׽衣 

 

ƷɣƳδˡ κ˫ָƷɵţκ綨Ϊ㱨𡭡ĳȫûƷɵأҲƫе˵ࡣ 

 

ʮʱܰٲ˵ƷɵΪʲôẦµֽŶ¡һҲ 

 

֪ƷȻе¡ κ˫˵Ҫ뿪Ƴǲ 

 

۲ҿκ˫κ˫ϿԹޡƷЩɥΪƷκ˫Ҫˣκ˫Թ 

 

ȥɺã 

 

ǿ޶㰧顭ã˵ȥȥ 

 

Ҳȥ̽ݣմͷ鲻ѿķǷǷıǳܹӵеģκ˫۵ؽһͨ˼ҵ޶֮ҪҪ֮Լݡ 

 

վһĹǰκ˫ЦǷǷ 

 

ɫ׵ճ䵶ƿ¶㵵ͣס·ڵϡ 

 

Ҫ 

 

ǣ 

 

ʱԭ쳯Ļʹסһӣκ˫Ϊۺ꾪̾쳯ʹ׵ߴˣ쳯Ļʹƥȡ 

 

ڿһ˵Ĵ˺ܾŴһŮ˵ǻžĪҪʹô˼֡ 

 

źɫ۵ĸŮ˴߳һκ˫֮Ĺϵʮģ༸жȴͬӡһеҲһŮ˲근¿ɻµİҲδչ֣챣պĪ 

 

κ˫ 

 

ŮӸ¿κ˫κ˫ʹֱӵĴ޶¡ 

 

¡ʦѵʾʱҲûд˿̵Ĺػκ˫ʵʹǣΪηʶΪΪ 

 

Ҳںκ˫Ǽḡˣ 

 

Ǻˡ 

 

˵ֻлôϣȥϵҲҪϡ 

 

ŮһͱóĬľȻκ˫̧ͷ˵ϣǸ˲õհ 

 

˳üעǰӣ˱ƽʱЦȾ޺ŭ缤ŭǣѪΣյˡ 

 

˵κ˫ǻƽ빷ʺɣ츳ޱʦҡͷ̾ϢľҲѵӡ֪˿׼͡ 

 

Ǻ 

 

ҲǡֱŸŮˡ 

 

ٴγ˳üۣ㿪˵һǶءκ˫ͲΪλ䵽³ 

 

Ըꡣ 

 

̥ͱãȴǸ²ȻºµǸжҲһķ漱й֣úʪϷ󺵸ŰΪΨһĵǱÿֽ٣ǰһãҲ 

 

Щ޷Ƕɺϣκ˫ŭȡ̼ǰôġ 

 

ɺΣֻҪе϶Ǹ 

 

סڣ 

 

ϵȻ޲·˵òЩϰ˰ɡ 

 

ѵӲ 

 

Ц˵Ҫȡ˸ˡĸյİҲΪл꣬ΪѾࡣĿľҪ֪ݣˡ 

 

أ 

 

㵣ģԻᱣȫ 

 

αȫһ⹬գ룡Ҫߣ 

 

ԣǷЦ޵󣬻ͷκ˫ҪʱɱС 

 

κ˫˼Уղˣ׺˻˼ 



78 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ6 

 

ҪʱɱС 

˹κ˫˼˵ĻҪʱɱҪʲôɱ˭˵᲻ҪҪˣ 

˼ˣκ˫鲻ԽرڻҪĶˡ 

ϴƵ˵Ļ͵û 

ûûȻû᲻Ҫɱ 

κ˫ղҲͲ֪˻˼Ȣ֮²ԭӸĸ֮Ωһ֮ͬͬԽԭۻ˿Ů졣ĸӺ˵һʹ˶ˡ 

 

뻢Ѩ뿪˵ĵضԶͱΧסκ˫⼸ˣǰЩʱȾȺϺзܴ⣬˶սֻ˼ 

ųһ󼱾ǰڸ˱۵κ˫סǰˣһָգɽʯһδӳͼɱΧǵˡǾȱ 

˺ɱѪؾŵһĻ㣬ˡ 

Ṧɾղ 

ȻֵɫӰۡʦͺ˵ľɫκ˫ȻǰץסĿ⡣ 

һϣɫɫģҲȾɫ˿ɢ裬ֻжٵһƷ˿ɫԺüұ̫ɫŸ˼ֹȡĶ̼硢صȹۣϾɫЩŮ˵װȴʺŮӡ 

лκ˫ȭл 

أұûǣοǶһ١ӿ¶ŭ˵ԺٻˣҲЩ鷳 

ͬŭ¡ 

⻰򺣷˵Ůˣһɱɡ 

˻Щ£κ˫ʣ̨ǣ 

꼣ԭݵóֵܣ ӵŭ 

κ˫ʧЦ˺ȤĻ߳뵱ҲشĪ˶㡭Ȥ 

꼣ɫ꼻ա 

֪ɷ񵽹󸮴żգóֵһʱҲ֪γƺԾʡˡ 

Ҫŭ⣺òˣ 

ȷǲˣסձ⡣յıǳԲ󻹻вţҸطЪЪ 

żʶǼṦѣסҲδɣֻκ˫嶨شӦӣʵᡣ 

һԭڣ 

һ˻У˻ĿֻɫӵڵϣŤ±Ѫ 

ˡκ˫ĨӰĶͷƺúÿ鶼ðպˡ 

 

κ˫ѵڿտͥԺ˽书ĺ˻رͥԺֳֽڵرȻ˵轣˵ˣϷ룺ۣ˲ 

֡꼣硣˲ϲ˳˵κ˫ϸĿڣָյĽԵֱ֣СڣҶԷӦֲǡ 

ǵĳƺһݣ漴ãڨڨԭĽȴ졣 

κ˫ȻһЦ²粢ûʹʲôзЦˡ 

ýҲ֣ƷЩĵã֪ɷֽ̡ʻȴȻشǰһǰһѽջʣ̤źˣ˵ľ롣 

һһʵƯ꼰ٴγУƾҲκ˫κ˫ֻز˫Ʒһϵǰ˰к΢ļȻУһĨ޸ϡ 

ͻȻ糸һԺϰʹκ˫æٿĳѱܵƤ˷ˮѪ͹ 

ϧҵ嶾δɣֻ־ͷˡ³һֱΣĵɫ𽥵ȥˡ 

´δƷ˵ƷҲԣ书ԭвͬκ˫Ե̾š 

ߣԭ޷аĹ㵹ͷһ꼲ӭĿĶĮ 

Ҳϰ䲻жãһ飬һɱˡа֣֮ɱߣаҲãҲգɱˡǺ˵õĹ򣬲Ϊɡ κ˫ҡͷЦЦֵ˵аֵ壬һ˵ΡҪаɣаҪɣ벻֪ûаǺãаǻ 

һ̸Ժ꼵Ƣθ϶˽ύͷΪĪ书һ䡮аҲãҲգɱˡ 

 

˸Ͷʱκ˫ײ֧֧Ŀ˸йľϻҪٵͱݵĺס 

ⶫľ֮ 

֮ô˵ 

һﲻسӣκ˫ֻÿ꼡 

˵˹ϰ䣬˼θѰҩΣЩϹʥҩҲɽ־綾Ҳ󲻵 

è޺ӣκ˫ٿڳԣʵѵ 

Ůݽ棬Ωһĸͬ㻹飬̥С 

κ˫мжͣ겻ʮʲô 

ԻԻˣΪɡָʹȴò˵ԭħһŮˡ 

ͱΪ·Ůɣ 

䲻вԶӡԭ˻ƣӳµЩֻҪΪ϶ĳɽҲ޿ܡҪ˵ݲúҲһԭ򡣡 

ʲôԭ򣿡 

Ůӣá 

κ˫򣬿Ц˵ǵĺ˽ѹҪصкü·޹֨죬ž۶η֡ 

κֲգм̳þء 

ݣ꼹ǣŻζҡûȤȤκ˫ 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

PS~~~żҪʹҪü~~~~εĿʦûż~~żҪ׼~~~~ʹްżôأզѡ˼רҵأżIT˰~~~~~~ 



79 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ7 

 

϶ûд󰭣û£ 

ǳ鶯һ£һ״ʧͷ𣺡СȷΪѲˣȴͷ¡ÿҲͰˣ仹߶߶ͣԴղ⻰ʹʮء 

Ϸˡְݹҩ첽ͳӡ 

κ˫ƣϴʱûȽôĿʹǰŹֵĴҲ֪ŲŵùѰѡ ˵׽סϸµİ 

͸һۣ˵û֪֮ 

ʦѧһЩûѧûˡأѧ֪֮һݺͻ,,ٲ,ϸ顭ȷ޴󰭣ɴ⻹ϸĵǡ˵ġϹƺ˲֮˱ضҪⶫǲǸСѧЩ 

ãͷʼߵĿӻٸߡ 

 

һһӰּɴܡ꼼ϣƳɵֱնκ˫ӣۼҪǲ硣κ˫ȴƽأŲϸ֦ˣԾ𸩳Ժͷ漴һ硣Ȼء 

һ߷ֵﾡǷŭ 

д裬㵽ɡ 

һ㣬˿ٴγС 

κ˫æš κκ꼲ֻ֣˫Ŀɲǵɴǿж¶Էƣ廭һס֡ 

îƳһʼϲǽͷѣΣ˫׾ͱסǸƳһƷǴλ 

ʱˣҵȥҩ 

ҩûš˫ֱκ˫ѹǰֱ࣬꼺ʣôˣССҧˣȴû 

ҩһЩ̲ġκ˫ɿֹزֻ֣ûıǩģظɣҲʱˡ 

꼵ûĻ˵һʲôã̽ҡ 

һ̣˻ȥɡһͱû֪ûкúóҩţǸɹŴǲϸΣÿЩȥ 

ź򣬶Ҳˡ̻ʽٻȥͷŹǰĸпɱ֮⡣ 

κ˫¼̾ðɡһĨզ֣嶾Ʋ֮ʣѹ硢ٵᡢϥ䡣תһ˲꼾ͱŵڵء 

꼶Բסˣʵڹһ㣬һ̡˿һأκ˫ȥһƬм֡ 

סж磬ûһֱ˺ܾãһƷ˿קϡ 

 

 

˵ĻӲ¶ǣŹݳ⸱ģ 

죬죬ȺȣҩҰΰģ˵Ÿմɽġ 

ôҿû˵һɽ˲Ρ 

ѽϱߵضô˲Ρ 

κ˫Ϲʵ 

ʵʲôκ˫ɫʣɵرֱ塣 

˷ϹΪҩΣϹ˸ĹЧڹҡˡ 

ãκ˫ι˾Ц˭˵ҵκֻǾó⣬ǹͷ˯ֵͦġ˵òף⻰ôǵͽ˵ģǵͽҲö˵ 

֮⣬һ£˵ԭ˯һŴô 

ǰκ˫Ȼ黹Ǵһ̹Ȼ 

Ц⸡ϡ 

 

꼶书̰ᣬѧһСɽ롯ø࣬κ˫ҲĽ̻پǱĶ顣 

κΪԭһ·ƷΪɫ 

ɰסˣ˵ȷʵ֪ġԴϰʦʲôѧʲôȥоɹ 

üڴźɽ޷ֱֻһ¾ƷԭУ̳ϹŵƷ 

Ϲšܡ 

ϧǰϹͻȻУȻǰȥһᡣ 

һӣ书δʤ˼֡ Ӧˡ 

ŭ˵ĵϹܣ벻κֵۣҲ˵գлʤҲɣ 

ϹУǸһɵĶɣ˵Ŀͬһˣ 

 

һں꼵ĸ£ûбĴκ˫Ҳͼ£ٲܰȻסȥˡ 

û㣬Ȳյң 

˻ 

ǵ˱ɱ˸ɾҲɳͲˡ 

Īκ˫ûüŪ۵£д˶˵ܸץϱѽ 

ݺݵظһƣЩųµŴ 

Уǲϱκһҹ㡭ǻСұˡʹӴĪҪˣˡףһƥӡһŮӻİģأ 

꼵׷֣Ҳκ˫ǷֻҩøҩƶɣѪΪ룬˵ҲΪ 

βã 

Ϊ̫ϡüǧĲһˡ 

¼侹治С 

κֱء 

κ˫ˬؿӦҲء 

Хڶϣʱ°ӰҲһͷӲָ䣬ǴӺʱʼں˵ 

 

纣˵뿪һ˾͸ں󣬹Ϣ˲ 

Բ˵ᡭ 

ķϻݡ˼ӣҳ 

;Ϣҹ·ﻴ뾳һյ·̣κ˫ŸǰȥϹҡ 

80 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ8 

 

ϹãӦĵϹҲŲ۷׷ףλǲҪϹͤ 

κ˫ҹ̵ﻴ뾳һյ·̣ŸǰȥϹҡ˵˼ǰСȥͨСʮֶòԹɫòףҲǳţá?BR> 

ܵԿȴûŰܡ˵µʱǴʩʱ򣬲ɵ顣˵ͻݵĶӣκ˫֮յԲ̬˱᷿Ъµȸȥ̽ 

 

ڶߴ߳κ˫ֻе 

磬磬һơ 

˭˵ҿġ 

տʽʵɷĶģпţݹĿ͡ 

ܡ 

һ˲磬κ硭ǵſ֮ɫǰ˰ܱҪǰȥȴһֻֽʩס磬硭 

ˣĲ 

ЦֻǷ纮壬ܶСͺٲصأ˵˲ϸĵԻὡ׳ⲻǰЩɫöˡܶ 

⼸աöˡѨⳤָ״Űܼ 

Ҳʱôʩˡ Ц 

¡ 

κ˫˵ջ֣ҲȥˡҵһͽߣŴĸʧȡ֮ЦĪΪܾ㣿 

ܷסվֱ壬԰׵һ˿Ц⡣ 

ģġ 

 

йŹ֡ 

κ˫ü˼š˰ܵĲ飬²Ϊ˵ܾʲôΪ˵СھͺˡӦԼģϰ֮ӹǾͱȳӲʵд󰭵ġһտɺá 

ֻ촽ϣʱʱҲѡκ˫ȵ˵ڲܶôż 

յĳ۳ҵǳͣϰ֮˵壬ָε 

κ˫һ޷ҹȥףϾֱƽļĪŭݣȥ 

˽Ըеһɹ֮ 

ˡ 

ߡ 

򰢽ܴС 

κ˫§һżԾ͵һ˵᷿˰ܵľҲڡ¶ϲ֮ɫδ˵ 

ˣܣеġ 

˵Ҫˣǲкܣ 

ǣֻм²Ҿ 

ͲκӣҪ 

κ˫Ϲݱֳܵúٻ̽㡣ϢƽûȰֻܻƬһƵĹߡ 

ˣָоһ̰ҲûˡӵĶڽ˷ļһûڵ¹ٹʹƺѾľǰһ˿Ҳˡ 

Ǹɵӡ˺ֵܱ㣬ĸ˻ʹ¶֣˻ȥһôҪϾ͵ÿԼȥ͵ÿԼ 

磬硭κ˫ģһҲð 

 

Ǳ׷ˡ 

ǰҩˣûͷֱۣһ˵װѰ졣ǲ֮ܳΪˣ˵ģûһ˿۶ڱɢһһϡЦЩħֳɱȴ˸ܲɱ⣬Īɽɵģ 

нһˣǸѮĺӣСݣ۳书߲֮Щ֮¡κ˫һ˿⣬־ 

ϺƽüĿ޾զˣѾ£ϺǸ֮ˣұߡ 

л̧ӣ 

Ϻ̧̾ۼҩѻɳֱϮκ˫ԾžһɲǵͱҩסѾ޴ĵʮŵÿһƤ⣬ֶǱ볣˶ڴ˰㲻ã٣Ҳʮ߰ˣδ־ͱϺҩ˵壬ҡ 

ϺٶҲ١Ϻһҩȫͣס 

κ˫Ծ󷽷߳һͱס½ڣβͬա 

кβͬͬκˡԹԵţɽԡ 

ľŷκ˫ԳЦЦã¡ 

ֻһϺ֪µĹƣӱȡºҩƾ޴Уҩ֮ڳơԭ书עءһñ仯ǧŹ书ӵ¡ãʲôҩˣֻ书ĸ֮˱ɡ 

ûһҩأҩ˲ûŵŽ⵱֧ŵһκ˫սƽŲø鿪ҹݵƬ̴Ϣһκ黬ĺᣬ˴㡣 

ҩ˵ĿǼˡиǿ书ȴʤ书ٵѰѰ˱бҪ˿Ҫ޲ǶȫԷʽҩȻûбܵľ£ȫȻ˶Էγ֣޷һֻʲôУ䲻⡣ǵӲղһʹ͸˵࣬ҩֻ˴Ƥ⣬ǵǹ롣 

ǵµģκү֮˲ʶ˵зҲΪԭ潻ã͢ϵôûʱŹ 

߾ͻȻһʨ𹦾춯أһߴӰκ˫ȹϺͷ䵽һ֮⡣һ˱ͷһٺϷңϷϵӱܵ˫ȳʦ㵱һƱ㵱𡣡 

ߴ׳ԳϷɲϡԼĪʮ¾ʮ㣬ͦɾκ˫Ҫֿ߳װӢòǳ̫ɹڷ 

ϷڴС϶ôһ˵Ϻæлҩȥ 

лǰκ˫Žʵʵ˱ 

ŵ㶪ˣʦô˵еޣϹ۲ŻᡭȻֱԶץֽеѽѽ˲ˣñ־СС˶øϷϱ 

⻰κ˫´ŭҲʲô͵ؽײԶǰأ 

Ҳ֪ʧ̬ûûأ֪Ϸ˭𣿡 

κ˫ǰ˵ʦ֣ǼʦʦԶͨ˵˵֮ˡ 

81 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ9 

 

κ˫Զӣǰ˵ʦ֣ǼʦʦԶ 

ʦܣͨԶ˳ƽ޲ٰ㹧κ˫ǰ֮ٸκ˫һκ˫㿪 

øˣ֪Ϸ˭ݼ 

κ˫ƳšָȾǰһݣԸؽеʦ塭 

Զû֣ͳһӸʦҴġ 

ǱСӣķھһЩʦϰĵãʧΪһ书ؼ 

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лʦ塣 

СӡԶʵ޶Ĵε 

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ٸϷۣͲ֪Ϊ˷ǳɡ 

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κ˫ǣס 

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СӣҪסͨ˵ 

ʦлֱ˵ 

Ϸûл˵ֻһҸ棬ͨǡͨͨͬġ 

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лʦ塣 ԼΪҪлֻø˵ 

ʦ 

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ҪףȥǰЩʶӡ 

ӣ˭ κ˫ʡ 

Զ»Цײײİӣ˵Ǹһģˣ 

ʦ˵ġ꼣 

Ӵ꼣еöȡ ƯԽϲ˵Ҫ޶ң 

ߡ 

 

Զһ仰û˵ոӳĬκ˫˵Ȥ¶Ҳá 

µҶȵɳɳ죬ɿŽκ˫˦úԶκ˫ż׷ܼľ롣 

ʲô֪Ȼͣ£Ƶ˵ʲô֪㲻ĪҲڡ߰꺢ͯȴ߰ʮߵĲϣβġ 

ӿ첽ȥᣬʦйҲᡭ 

κ˫ͣס 

ͣ½Ų 

׷ǹʣĺĶֻлʹ˴סɡ 

κ˫չüۣЦΣףκ绹Ҫչ㳤ģסá 

 

ֻκһˣÿκͽзŵϲݸŮ۸ȥˡŻ߽˵Ҹඡ 

ڡ 

 

˼·һϮӰѵȺϵĿսԭҲδ㼱е˵κֱ 

κ˫һЦͺã꼡 

˺£ 

û£Ǽ̳ý˵⡣ 

ȴǵ棬Цǿˣƴߣϼա 

޷꼶ԾƣˮҲˡ֪ǴĶĵͽӻ 

 

ͨԭġ꼸¾Ʊǰķ˿ 

Īбţ 

ûʲôţ˲ԭһͽ֪ұ㣬̥иʱλͨ 

ƾһ仰κ˫ޱ飬վƱˮЩ 

˵ԭ˿ĵȴǲ֮¡Ӳǻʵۣͺˡ뺣˹ͬѳֳ͢ΪκҲȲ˺ԭ򡣡 

ܰʲôӦŸĸд̲ô 

֪һ²Ϊ𣬺ֻܷŹ 

κ˫ƿ֮ 

ֻǳǳһڣÿֽ٣δ̫ɺϣ±Ҳ 

סڣκ˫һšס½ȴԽ㲻ˡ 

طЪϢɡ 

ططڵҡȥײ᷿ȥ 

ûǰĿһֱֱıӰû밵 

 

һκ˫ȥӵסϵǳ˯ѿ 

ʦʦںյѪںǲںʲӵͨʦʦʦΪʲôʲӵĹͨΪʲô˵ʦܡ 

ãĨʪʪ 

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82 ֻԸ֪ģ10 





һһףһһף⽣Ӱ곤Ȼýгתλȴã磬һʽٽ뷢ֻꡱ걻Ƶýڽںˡ 

 

һȵãýý 

 

üһᣬ¶ŭݣڵϣעгĽ귭˸סΡóƷһתƴ߽ҿнƫ棬ƺȴ̺ƷһʱӦ֮سнÿһ 

 

ٴλУһ 

 

ŭˣʩչṦ̳Ӱɻۡ 

 

Ʒѩʹúã 

 

̽һƷڣ֡ 

 

꼸ĵúãĵ һֽ£ֻûлô 

 

ٽһУˣһʽĪҪӲһýƷ 

 

κ˫סڣɽ˷򣬴벻ѵˡκ˫ܽ淴ӭȥת漴׽ס 

 

˺ˣ͵ 

 

ſ§סȲմزͣš 

 

꼵Ľѧúܿ찡 

 

ߣΪڷԼ½뿪 

 

֣ҽſҡݺ߳ţոµ϶˼ӡ 

 

κ˫ɿһֻֽ֣䣬Ĵƨɣֶ˰ɣ㲻 

 

κ˫㣡 

 

УĲóˡ 

 

κ˫ 

 

ԣκ 

 

һκ˫ʱ䶼ס꼺ͺ˰ǰҩ˷ƽعκ˫ľ֣һҩĪɲ֮ˣˣá 

 

Ǻεˣῴ͸꼵˼ĵڶϹҩ˺߷ֺҪ뿪 

 

أδֻκ֮ǰɽκ˫ûϵ꼻ͻȻһ˵ȺͰδ˽壬뵽˺ͬλãų⡣Ȼʣ꼸? Իʮ 

 

곤κְɡ 

 

ʮţ꼶ʮҪ꼴硣ǺԻȳκ֣СǡǶʮһ 

 

üɣκ絹ᡣһκе̹ˣκҲȺ̹Ȼ꼵Ž֮Ǻ˵ģκڡ 

 

κ˫ȥǣûʣ«ʲôҩ 

 

«ԭĻҲˡûк«Ҳҩ꼸˸ܵţŮѹңҪûеòġŮ˵Ǻˡ 

 

޹ءһ䣬ȴ˵ڣǺ꼵ĵ֡ 

 

Ĵɽ˺һһεᣬַǷûģڽڽҲͯһΣ 

 

СҪһôСһӵż 

 

ӹʣʲô 

 

СĵΪǰ˶˵룬콵𰲲Сһ 

 

󵨣ӵżһŲ飬ŭⶫġСŵɪţΧ˷׷ױܿһͯ˱˵ơĶ̽ҪȥС֣κ˫ͭ弱æ뿪 

 

벻ģ߿ż̯ܾڽ⡣ 

 

ԶԶԣģ벻 

 

 

 

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ȥҪ˱ˡ 

 

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κ˫زסϲԭΪǻۣû뵽㡣 

 

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Һᡭ 

 

һŮӴȺ߳Ⱥǰ๫˵űǵΪöͷĺˮ 

 

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۵ϵŮӣ¶ǺˡȺͷһζָе£ûסǡֻҵ檡 

 

ʮҪѰŵԵŮӳɼҵӵжæģӺȢޣռޡ檲ңƫˣֻ޵Ѿͷݱ΢ǻòпΪҡ 

 

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83 ֻԸ֪ģ11) 







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ϹܽⶾܽġִҪȥͽȥһصڵأҧء 

 

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84 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ12 

 

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ʦţҩʥֻСһˣľطκ˫κ˫Ĺػȴͬһ㡣ЩȫĬĬ 

 

κ˫ðȴһ仰Ҳ˵ 



ÿ⺢ӽ겻ʱͻһָκ˫´ֿ˫ָֹ֣ͨ 



࿪ͷʵʲôˣ 



 



ǲӡ 



ǺϲСôȺͰܣҲС׽Уɷ˼ؽ 



ʲôϵ 



⣿һĪڴκ˫ 



ûС 



СָΪӡ 



֪ģΪλҪκ˫׿˵ 



ĵĮκ˫ʧһĨɬһ˿⣬ĵףȴ 



ΪβȢ֪ʵһ䡣 



ԭ˵ֻŮӣСжҲӡ 



ŮȢ 



ᡣشɡ 



һ仰˵ϡڣЩ⣬Сֺѧ˴ 

 

ʹκ˫ܲãûͬߣϰӵһ˯ȻȺĻ 



ѵ룬ǴõĲŮɫѹְǰµ޶ߡôˣϼҲ¶ǡˣЦʲôˣֵܣӣ˵Ҽͣĵúܣ󡭡 



Ⱥ˵δȥ룬֪뷨ɱ 



СֱóĬˣǰҩʥСΧߣչҩ㲻ţʱҲСҲġҲκ˫Ƿѵһԭ 



κ˫ҲᣬѰҩҪָ農ĵһϹٳԡŵڼҹ֮طǴĮĪڸϸĮˣûжСֵСֽһ㣬ҲһֱΪСе뷨֪Ҳȥ롣 



˸յĮȺ㴫ܵ޾ϺɵϢκ˫̽͵ٿӱ޵ظϵϹҡ 



СӡĶﰢܵļ尾ܹᡣ˶ʮκ˫ͷһ˻ںޣǰϹţʱȴûȥ֪ܳΪϹŵҲͷġ 



Ϊֹһζκ˫Сֵҹ̽ҩʥϹšܵĶˣСҲۻˣİĵطẦ£κ˫һֱ˯ 



ӴĮݣִݸһ·ûЪһҲΪǰЩԾúۣûñһ᷿˯¡ۻˣһմܿ˯ȥһκ˫ˣҹһ˯ϰ˺κ˫ͬ齶ߣһ˯òá 

 

ȷŰڵĶûд󰭣κ˫ٴζǰĮ 



ȺֱŤ 



ûֱŤܶ˵ 



κ˫Ц죬ʮ˴ǲ˫ָ󣬲ڵض˶ӡܰƺǴʱʼġʱħ˫ɲĳǰʱʵܺ£ֲʹôҲײǴһһΪϡ뵽Լڴǰһ˿ҵӣܵ΢΢졣 



ڹִ𣿡 



ܰͷתһ߲ػ޷֣ԹޡǴĶģκŲʣ֣ͬΪչȥʱȴûֵĸоĸо 



Բ𣬶Բ𡣡§ܵĺͷײ粻֪֪ 



˺ 



ָܵ俢ı飬£] 



ú 



֪ˣȥ 



һܾ߰ͿڴߣĹӣҷƨȥ 



⻰Ⱥһٺ˵ 



ҡҲŲ£ǫǫǱȲá 



߷ߵκ˫ҡͷȴҲοǴǰİܡ 



磿ͻӵܼȾɻ 



𶯣һġ塭κ˫һֻסһ쵽Ǹ߹ǣ̾ݳǵöЩ»ˣء 



 





Ǳκ˫ݣѵȺ⣬ŵһĻֻĬĬؿţԲ 





85 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ13 

 

κ˫˰䣬ҹڴĮߵСš 



Įҹǳǵĺκ˫ס˯κ˫ȴǴۡ 



Ӻʱʼҹʱһ֪ԼоѰֻ̫ÿʦòҲϣû϶ơ 



˯ú죬õǳǳеǰʪ⣬Խ뻳ͷȥһ˿ǣǰҲʪһСȦСһﾹˮһҪ˵ĨǸ˿µĴκ˫ᣬָĦƬɫ֪ǷԼ 

 

Сӭ˴Įе죬ϸϸţëСƮãͯŽѾ̤ŽֱߵСˮϷˣǿĻЦ·˵ҲȾɫ 



ͯƣκ˫ͻȻʣˣ 



˵ǰҲأҲͬҪɻκ˫˰βŵʮ 



ʮˡԼҲʮһꡣʮʮҹں˼ʲôôһǷˡ 



һӿκ˫ͷ͵رԵͷײȥƾɵС걻ײһ೾С˱ߴŵòֻ룬ϰҲ˺ݡ 



ΪͻȻݺݵصһתͷ߿ֻСʳڣûóˡ 



ûгʳֻת֣;оСĹԺ¥ϹǴû֦չЦŻˡССҹԺڸӶĿٽЩӡʹκ˫ЩŮʲôģκ˫˼˺ܾøרŷ˵ġǲף˵ֻ̰һˣҪ̺ܶˡһ˵̲סսȭͷ 



ҲףҪôźˣһۣҪźôˡ 



ҲҪǷ㣿 



ûûĻҪǡ 



ôһֱǡ 

 

ȺͻȻκ˫аζϲͷֳĵסϹȺᵽе£ǸʱΪҪҡ𲻳ԼҲŪ׵Ҫλش 



ѵҺͰܱ̽̽Ϲ¶԰ˡȺ˵ѣûԼܣһĮҲ֪ 



ȥ˶չȺһⱻţҲ뿴κ˫׽ӡ书˲٣ԺҪչȺȸ¡ 



һͿ̸ĽֻѼ޻˵ԶȺеĲ豭ŨŨ˼յ滺κ˫ϲĻ˵ȥ˼ȥղ֣˼ 



ȺгĮҾƣ 



δȹУ 



һ̳ǰЩӸճѣҲûȹȥ 



κ˫һ̳ӾȴûʢƵı룬ϸĲݸˡȺѯ֮⣬ƿɺƽղһ˵ƿ̳ǣһֽס̳ڣֽͱٲݸˣסݸһڣ˵ôȵġ 



ϣ档Ⱥһݸ˸ȣǱȲȹҺ𣬲Ʒһԣܿһ¶ǡ 



Щȣġ 



Ҹˣ 



ǡ 



κ˫ͷʼȣȺʾѾ̳Լһߺȵø𾢣κ˫̳ȥһһκ˫Է쳤Ӻסݸˡ 



СңȺ⡣ 



þơκ˫ȤŻźȡ 



ͷܽʹκ˫ʱСĹײУҲϢԡƲˣ 



ȺͿˣĶͷеϣǺЦʣײǽڣ 



κ˫뽫ݸ˴ȡȴҧסţŰ£Ƽرסκ˫ĺԣԼĶͷǿײȥ漴ſϱ˯ȥ 



§סµ壬κ˫ʧƬ̽ϴ齣ڴ߾ţпհʲôҲû룬ֻңϣȾɢȥ 



СԵú֣ϸɫ·ڻˡˣ 



紵۴ߵʧ⡣ 

 

Ķκ˫ţ˻ӦͻȻӿɱ⣬ûȻͷǺȫһơ 



ֻþתֱۣŵʯӻļһߣƷǹ 



뵽ЩԼϣκ˫ʧǣδ˵һػȴڲԵش㡭 



ˤڵҧŴضǰΪҲ͵ϮաչȺò⣬йô ˮһķŭأƻأԾ𣬸ȥһշȺɨκ˫ָ鿪 



Բͣ£һ㡭 



ĹͣʮУкݾֱҪҲƽս̵з书ѲӦһʱҲƲסƵߡ 



ͣ£Ҫ 



һƵݺն򾱼䣬¾Ƕѣס˦κ˫᲻ѣҪɱô 



κ˫ȥһƳһơ 



ƣκ˫󾪣ܵҲѧˣһȥĻȵ˲ãƲЩȴǵ͹Ĺǿҵʹƴȫûסȥ 



Ҳûϵ˲ãղһ˵ĺˮһȭźݴ 



֣ȥ˵ģ 



̲㣡ϥᣬײκ˫Ǹ 



κ˫ƺһϺȴһ˺һݽסȻǳ⣺ָĺ󾱣Űϰѿûˣû˵Ƥ⣬ֻЩ̺졣 



ʪȷ壬ָԽεգ뵽Ͽ˵ʱ뵽ЩҪκ˫Ҳ಻סĺ󾱸ѹ˫Ѿõаȫйֻ֪ҵ˱Ƭ۲ٹ˼ 



ˣˣҪɱ˿ҲҪôط۰׵ľӵ⻬ţϸ⿪°ɫ죬Ķ̵ء 



ʲôһֱϧųţģȴǹԺŮӱѹ¡ 



κ˫޶磡 

 

ֹԺĹװ¥ϣЦݺˡ 



κ˫¥·Ӳڴפ㣬ȴͣס˽ŲǾϲѣ㿡ʵĹӣæ£ɴ°߶ׯӡ 



̧ͷ¥¥ϼ̾жȴҲ˺ΪƺΪ࣬аСĸĵɫٲĿ¥ѲӰһЦͬ뷨ὫĵĵĵҲȲˣĵǰǹ˸ɴ¼ǵƣү밡 



ƿκ˫ǰ棬κ˫ĬĬں棬ͷԺʮͷˣҲǸи檵ʱ 



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

~~˵Ǿ:κ˫޶! 





86 ֻԸ֪ģ14 

 

ϹܼҲݺᣬһؼǰĹģֱ࣬ȻǸж 

 

κ˫ŸмǸ⼸·ͺˡ 

 

үĪҪô˵ūڵ¡ү˵¡Ϲܼҿһý񣬶ˣү˵ŮӻСͯ 

 

СͯϹܼĸһڻˣŻдһʡκ˫֪λػȻָŮӣҲŮӲɡ 

 

ϹֿܼһۣΪѵ˵СͯҪűȵСӵĿ²װ 

 

壬ǡ 

 

Ϲܼû˵ĻԹԵ˵СǴЩģǧһū֮ү 

 

壡κ˫æסϹܼңС˵¸˵ 

 

Ϲܼˣͷūȥˡ 

 

˵£Ϲܼһʡ 

 

߶һЩ¡κ˫ϲػصջȺѲڿջݡ˺ѵú˵һ仰վˡ 

 

šſǰ˾ת߿Ҳ 

 

ǼͲˣһһκ˫Ҫֻ벻˱ɣ˯Ѩ˵˯ʱӣ촽Ƥ˺֡ 

 

ݻһЩѹסϢЩЦ첻˵ҹҪ˯һֽסָϾգüӹֱۣͦıɫ˫һͣʲôָ⴫ȫңԽŨңһٵԴָ 

 

ߵ˲ŷˣʧů⣬ס죬кֻů 

 

κ˫û߿ݶ磬ΩܶȴаأһɲѰϢûɱȴʮֹ죬ϤİϢ 

 

κֺ¡ 

 

¹ؿϮӰ˿裬հ¹Ȼ 

 

꼣ʱĴĮĪ 

 

꼷䵽κ˫ǰŵЦⲻڣƺÿҼŶʺ¡ 

 

κ˫˻ӲʣɳˣǰϵЩˣ 

 

ûκˣЩҵˡ 

 

ˣ˵мգ 

 

кüˣκ羹Ҳٶûзҡ 

 

κ˫¶֮ɫΪЩ˻粽룬ҲͲȥע 

 

꼸°ܽϵǰղҲϣβȥ̽һ̽ 

 

Щ꼵ָġ˼ȥȺͲǶ 

 

κ硭꼵͵ͻһ 

 

 

 

κ˫ΪзΪ˵ԼҪ곤Щȴ֪Ϊ׽ 

 

Įӿɻù˼ĺ˽ǰ̰ؿĿ 

 

Ҳ¹⻹ãκ˫ûзǰ˵ĶӶһߡ 

 

ˣƼϵĺΣʵ 

 

ǰæת˵ǱкϢǲѾ 

 

˵ͻȻԾ˵ 

 

κ˫֣ûüס߱˴ݶ䵽ջ԰غƳŵûз죬һ󷭹κ˫ѹ£ǯס 

 

ʲôĺ꼻£ֻǱѹŵζʵܡ 

 

ҵ 

 

 

 

Ҫҵ˿ջ߽԰һʯӴµز 

 

ʲôƿصĸоκ˫ʡ 

 

ӽױһ˵ԭ˵ķޣҵҲ 

 

Ļûκ˫ĶɡޡģǱβ͵Ĺ͵ϵ˷ѹ¡ 

 

ҪҪһ˼޸ޣ߷߽ʹʧأ꼼ÿ֨졣 

 

ʹüͷ壬ȴһһ˵ҪҵҪҵķޡ 

 

ϵӷҲܡ 

 

Ҳݣ 

 

κ˫˵ܲݣҪɸԸ 

 

ԭˡҪ֣ȴ˿һֱס˵㲻ҵҼɺã 

 

κ˫סˣᡭһԸ 

 

մķ˿ϸϸš׵¹ϣǰ㲻ʵЩơƣһص桭 

 

ԭֻŮӡ 

 

һƵնܿӰ¹һڱʧǰ 

 

ıϢ˷֣ߺҲ˿ջ䡣¾ͷ˽ݣæ۵Ϣװ˯죬ҲܸеӰͷ˺ܾãҪͻȻʹ漴ʧȥʶ 

 

κ˫ֻԶԶţһڵͻὫϵɡ¶սǹǿҵĿƺҵйĳڡˣԸ 

 

벻̣ 

 

κ˫ƽһʽⱰСʹɱһ٣һҲȲãҪж˿顣 

 

ôˣκ˫ԣʱÿЦƱܿ 

 

޺޵ʣÿ 

 

飿 

 

նҪٱֻǳͲɣ 

 

ǲ˼㿪һʣҺʱˣ 

 

ݵõ 

 

˶׵˫Ƭ̺ˣȾϵĺ죬ЦǺ̾ģջǸ޶ԼҪȲ֪µһˡ 

 

պҹִ˯κ˫ǡѳ󣬸õһ˯ˡҹϹֵܼĹԺԺĹӵ¥Χס˱ʩ֬㣬ţĪŮӵҪ㡯֣ 

 

֪ң 

 

Ц⻰˵ģӺߵСӿҫ֮ˣ˭˲֪ 

 

㿴ϵĻɫһգۣ˾ʹӴƵǰȹڱĺ˺ȾܣֻҪŮ㶼Ƶϣ 

 

ɱκ˫ǰȥ鿴Ѷֻһ̻Ůӣ£ 

 

Цʣɱָ£ 

 

꼡 

 

ʴӱ纣һŸ־书κ˫书ʺ׼ҵƽѧĲ࣬ԽƽҪ˵ִҪȥᡣκ˫ҲЩܿ꼣˼˱㶯뿪Į[caihua/qiu] 







87 ֻԸ֪ģ15 

 

κ˫ǰԽǵ;һֻʴĸӡ 

 

ܰѸι÷ʷʵģӱÿضҵŵ˵Ҫʱաֻж̶֣˼˫ι顣 

 

ЩʱȥԽǿɺãȻʦǶ 

 

ԷɽѾǵסϾǰ£ڷɽѵӴǻ˯Сκ˫ʦм䣬Ǹ˰Ѵɽٽκ˫ľ֮ˡ 

 

˻صɽʱ԰ɹ̫κ˫ҡҡ˵˫ȥκ˫صǡδʦͽ㡣 

 

ûҲкԽȥδɨǳ˸뿪˺ܾáڱסӶ˵԰Ϣ 

 

԰Сɹ̫˽ߡ˯ȥˣָ̧ԶĵطԶ㡣ԱߣǱеضƫԸŲǱߣҲԸŲߣ 

 

С 

 

ûػü˼ΪСκ˫˵д˶ȻڿĪǻ˼Сһô 

 

ʦˡκų԰Ӻ󷹡ʰŪǺ 

 

ЩʲôԵúܲˣΪκ˫еǡʦǡʦ 

 

ЩʦԵĲˡ 

 

ߣ 

 

ʦκ˫ʡû²Ŷԡ 

 

ɺϿζ󷹵ʡ 

 

ͷ 

 

˵̫ˣ´ٷЩΡ 

 

̣ζʡ˵ 

 

˵̫ˣ˫´ٷûУ 

 

ǣʦ 󷹵Ӧ 

 

̣ζʣҲֵúܣζ̷Щ嵭ٷλܳô 

 

ܵ˵棬һվƿСһỺ͵ͳʵڸܲơ 

 

Լ֪Сʲôû¶ɫվԡ罫ָκ˫˱㲻ܡκ˫ݼʦʱǧҪơ˼ҡ֡˼ˣһת˫³ͷ 

 

ʦκ˫¿ӣʼð亹 

 

ڵľӹĶͷԶϱߣʮҲô˵ 

 

С 

 

ͷ֣ݹҲ 

 

Ҫ˵ģС 

 

ʦǱ𡭡 

 

κ˫ķѾţֹУÿʱÿ̶Сķţһת˾ʹ¹ȥȻû˵ٻͽΪ£ڷɽﵹҲ⣬Գʳɹɹ̫½ǲɡ 

 

ԵɽϿ񣬵£ν˼±ص֦ѾòҪȥȴԶĳ 

 

ҪСһǺιˣ곤Ĵ帾ߴĴŮƸҪϴŮͱһ֦ 

 

ŮæͷǰĿӡ 

 

ΪνСָŴŮʴ帾 

 

帾СС֪ɧ֪ܹ˵ķѵ̧ͷǰһ粻Ӱ 

 

κ˫ɽصɽѾͼӰ԰ӷݶֳλεسвǧǷ˰ 

 

Сǰһ¶Цһ̱Ц⣬ǰһվٽͷ 

 

δܵȻɱκ˫ѵǰЦ˵ʦˣжԡ 

 

ջؽץļ䵽𴦣뿪ʱ˵һ䣺ֵά 

 

ǡˡ 

 

˵ĻҲ֪ԼЩ˵Ľ»ꡣ֪ΪС֮һ·ʩչṦطɽѣŭƽŵͰνʡ 

 

ɶʦ񣡡κ˫ǰ 

 

ûУָȥκ˫ŵ˻ǰƽ˵˵СûУ 

 

磬κ˫ĭָ鿪˵ûбûСûʲôһҲֻýָĺ 

 

ȴܣŭӿ͵һ˱ɽ˫Ȳ濪¡ѽһ壬׷Ϸ۵˵СûУκ˫಻ţ 

 

ţţš 

 

ţ 

 

ţš κ˫ͷ絷ͷ޲ָġ 

 

ȻһЦȥɽ 

 

Сûй˵ķֻһ˵κ˫κ˫ܲ 

 

κ˫԰ӣڿʦľЦ̣ЦݡˣʮҲá 

 

յʧӰκ˫׼ñ̵֮ԽǡԽǵƮԺ˽Խׯ˾ͽ˳ΪС˾ͽ˽κ˫һŮ£Ҫ˵Խؾ 

 

ø˾ͽһĴϣѨŻصԼݣ̡ʡ 

 

ҪǰˣҶ֣ 

 

ǣ˯æһ컹ۡκ˫ΪҴñ뿪 

 

㲻һ˯ 

 

ˡˣ޶ԡ 

 

κ˫Ƿˡ˾ͽټ֪ԭ˾ͽС㣬ׯ˾ͽ˳Ǹˡ 

 

˳ݼҽŵϥ£ַϥϣͷͷֱϡ˾ͽ˳еƫ檶ҵߵ 

 

ŭӹڵϵˣĽҪʡ 

 

С[caihua/qiu] 



88 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ16 

 

κ˫ˡ˾ͽС㡯Ҫȥ˵˵ӦƽʮʽŴԽͷ׼ҵƾʽѧ꣬ʮʽƷɵڷĹﴴġ 

ʰ׼뿪ƮԺͻȻһӰκ˫§סĲͷţءߡ 



˾ͽ˳󾪡 



κ˫ô£˾ͽ 



ׯɷȷſ¡κ˫̽޵ĵƿ 



˳˺һɿ֣κ˫ǰˣ͵ôߡ 

 

˵ʲô 



κ˫ͷһأκ˫Ƽۿ 



鲻ںκ˫ĵЩϲ 



˳ݼҽŵϥ£ַϥϣͷͷֱϣ˾ͽ˳еƫ檶ҵߵ 



ǰһκ˫ѻǰ㵽ˣְϷ 

 

ûˣϷүүˣд˴Ӧõġүؾȣ˾ͽԭˣ֪Ҳǳ 



˾ͽûдνļ򣬡ʹǴӺε֪иϵ 



иϵĲү˳Ц 



Ҳ䣡 



ݣκ˫û׷ȥ䡯࣬ʹܺġ 

 

˳ԸΪڵκ˫Ӧȥ̻ȡھбΪ˾ͽҽѣ㲻ü޸ڡ 



κ˫֮ԴӦΪҲΪѵõĻᣬǵõΣʹ˽֪ȺԽǲԶӣȥݡ 



պȺԽǡ 



Ҫ߱ߣȥý֣Ű෴ķȥ 



 



ǿдֽŶãһֻ֣ʹӴȥһƴκ˫ϣ¿ڱѪûһر㱻˵˺󾢡 



´粻ܴǰȥȺӹ˯ʡ 



κ˫̾ҲŪס˾ͽ˳ײźð 



Ⱥݵ;ӵ˳ţ˵κ˫븡ȡʧֱڡ¹ңҹܿȺԸȥ 



ӣκ˫ӭ׶Ҳյž͵У˾ͽ˳϶а취븡ҪھӪﳩС񡯡飬һڼУһУ˽Բ֪˾ͽ˳Ҳǡ 



ȻЩδȥ 



κ˫ڵǧΧסʱԹҲкޡԹκ˫ɵ˾ͽ˳ļƣ˾ͽ˳κ˫顣 



һһжΪҪסκ˫Ϲڵһ˾֣κ˫ 

 

˳ƿأûҪκ˫ֻõԽˣһҲ޸ڡƭΪԷһһκ˫ܣڱܱסκ˫û뵽ڶ⣬Ҫɱκ˫ɡ 



еϣȵߣȢȫΪԸź͵Ƶܾκ˫һߣĽиգѪؽ򽣱Ⱦ˳ֽ֡ 



ҪЮ߾ַż 



ڡӳһӣڰת뺣֮֡ 



ǫڼ̳ͣ˳Ĵ򶷣ŷغţǫּ ¾ɷƵŷвԾ֣ڣߡ 



ִŷ⣬ȴһţ 



ֽ 



꣬˾ͽǫһдһΣʱڣŵ˵ţδ 



һ۰ʮ֮̧׳˾ͽ־һΡ 



޲ɱ˾ͽ˳ɱġ 



һҹŹص쳯ؾҹϮܡѪүڵľӡ 



ǱӪ֮ǰκ˫˾ͽׯ֮쳯ؾţѪүԴΣڽҹϮŹء쳯ؾƶɳ̽ǰ̽ǾӪ˷Ǳ룬ֻҪɧ쳯̽Ϊڵ쳯ؾƱػȷˣǹʱ˾ͽ˳Ҳɳûӳ 



ϣ쳯̽һΧסĴʿر֮쳯ؾϮ 

 

˾Ӫκ˫Ӧ˳һ˷ɱŹء㶵ؿʧǰһߴ粽룬ʱ˿ȴԼһˡ 



׷״˵һ쳯ƴһλԳ˾ͽӢ˫о򿪳쳯˳롣Խܳ͢ӻٱ 



Ҫˡ 



ɵ˺󣬷ֿĶ 



κ˫ֺõ˵ĶǾĶҪǻκûȥ 



ȥϹšûеطȥȥչȥĵطֻʣϹš 



ãȥϹšκ˫Сֺã롣 



ϹŵҰд书ʱƧĽԷעΧҲûԶԶˡ 



˺ܶ࣬뵽룬뵽Ʒɣ뵽չȺϹܣ뵽˾ͽ˳Լ 



ȺʮϹ¶˰Ͼֻκ˫ȥ 



治һȥݣ 



ȥ 



ˡ 



κ˫ʲôˡ 



ͷȥԶˣɬһЦ֪ģʲôˡ 



պκ˫ȥչŰƳ̵ֲظҩʥ·ϹŽһƥͰ˵ǣ 



ܾûȹˡ 



ʱ㡣 



Ƹꡢܳƿ⣬ƺҪã˵㾿ʲô㣿 



 

κ˫ʱߴС֣ϹЪϢһ֮СֻҩʥһݶҵչСһϣ̧̧ۡԼĳŵϲģΪһҪ˵÷˵ɡ 



κ˫ʲôˣһʵú 



κ˫ز˻ȻԼǧСͬĻزƷɣزֻܸСһŵ 



ĿƵ䣬ĵľֻĶ⴦á 







89 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ17 

 

ԭ·оƳǣκ˫֪өϹƳǻͳӦᣬ׼ƷŮܷܷ֮ӦϹݰƳǡκȴڰƹ壬һɱȥ˰Ƴǡ 

뵽ƷɾĺŮ˳ףκ˫ˣ֧ųƷɵáƷɼģ¾Ƶȥ 



Ƴһۣκ˫ǧɥ˼գƳʱȫźѪûϢκ˫ 



ֻ߽ԵƷɣˣ 



ûС 



Ҫһᡣƽȴ絶 



Ʒǣ߳䡣 



ˣȴֻһ˵ĺߵǰ£ָκ˫¸΢ĺһֱƣ˺ܾãõҲˡԴϵ˵ҪҲҪҳײ 



ǰҡһûɡס 



С֡Ⱥ˳Ͱ½ƳǡС֣κ˫ǡ 



ٺΨһҲˣ֪κ˫Ϲ˾ͽ˳һͬǹԼġСȫȻȴһ˿⡣ 



κ˫ΨһҲΣκ˫ʧȥΨһͬЦͬޡͬǿŮͬκ˫û¡ܺáκ˫֪Ψһѻˡ 



Ͼͳס 



 



һȢΨһ 



ϲȢ 

 

κ˫Ĵκûֻ֪ͣκȢޣһ㲻֪Ȣļҹ㣬뵽κ˫ȢӡȺ˳಻֪˭ʹ֪ǽӣҲȴ֪ǵݡΪκ˫֪κӵķǺˣܿͲաκˡ 



˴ۣʺϺɫ޵̫ۡŮĵؽͷһκ˫ģҪΪκ˫٣ΪĽᷢ 



жȻŮҴ޵ӣЩ¡˵ķ˽ⲻ٣ǼΪ־¡ƷЦŶ˵£κô㣬һʹģʱҲʹİƳ˻棿ֻǸ߸ϵĳϻرвȷʵ 



գӳžգκ˫ѣĿˡȷⲻΣ͵ӵסޣŪеľơ 



ơ 



ƱоƣסѾͽС½ƱᱧϡƷɵĻٺ£Լ⿪ˮ֮쾭壬߳ܵ¡ 



κ˫Ȳһ£ɿѵԼּͰͷҲ¡Գֵıκ˫úЦⲻǱӴ»֮ҹһʤȯյ᲻Ц 



ЦˣһۣסĴͷ׷ƬСࡣ»֮ҹͬķĽҺ˿Ҳ 



һɺӿϵκ˫СЩѳֲסܵ˳Ĳӻ£κ˫סһ⣬رֱšǰȦҧס´ס˵Ϣʧ֮κ˫ķֿ˫ȣͻȻɴ˫ۡ 



ۣ 



˳ٴνбʪĸо 



𣿡κ˫ʡ 



ҡͷһֲһˡָſϵѨڳȵתԽԽˡ 



еָнκ˫ԣȷֿ˳ӵطֿ˫ȣκ˫һСѨչһסȼҧšսøǿҵĴ̼ʹһʱʹκ˫۲ۣҡͷ 



κ˫̵ͷǺҡͷָ̳ס˫Σȵľ롣ٴεɴ˫ۣﾡǲšκ˫ûһȫ 



ۣ 



ɴۿ䣬κ˫ʱֽţһؼᡣ˵ʹȴһüͷ 



ޣϳ 



ңסĲӣѹ˫Ƚס 



κ˫޷ܣ˲벻ޣס鶯̵ԽԽңһ¶ķθڿޣĿޣһʵܲסʹίĿޡ 



ԭʼı֧κ˫̵޶ΪѪ׵޶ضĿݺݽѹ£ʹſ˫ȣҹһһռ 



ʹܡޣΪʹʹᴩǹ˺ʹ 



κ˫᲻Ū۰Ʒɣȴʹ 

 

УκȺӭȢλƽޡرɭϣе˿ڷһ˿©·˺Ωк档Ȣͬûûб͡ûиãֻм򵥵İء 



֪ʹ޵ԭκ˫ڶ֮ҹݺݵسͷˡƷɺһ۰²˵ء 



үɱ𣿡Ⱥʡ 



κ˫Цҳɴүˣϰ߾ͽҴɡ 



жϰߡɱ𣿡Ⱥٴʵ 



ΨһҪҲڡ 



Ⱥ¾Ʊߵǰҹ紵˺磬㲻Һͺ꼺񣿡 



ͬ 



ǲͬұȺȻתÿ¡ò㣬һ 



ǰһκ˫ѵǰ˫ֻסߴõң˵˰ɣүҵõŶԡ 



үûã 



κ˫ҧľӣǰôȺҪһɣ 



Ⱥ˵ˣ 



أûãȺ 



Ⱥûлش 



ãκ˫ĵ㲻 



磬ΨһͰܡ 



໰ κ˫ͷҧһĴܲˣΨһҲǡ 



Ⱥ˫ֻصǰϾƱ֪ñ£ǰ̸̸˵˵Ͱ˾ƭ֡ 



Ҳκ˫Ŵͷ̽⣬Ҳ̸鲻˵кʸԼ鰮¼Цжһ򹫼κ˫̸˵˵öôȺ 



Ⱥ˫ֻס૵ԣҲԡ 



޶˲ʹ졣ôʹ죬ʹš 



硭ͻȻһŶǵȺŵһˡ 



ȺˣЪϢˡסˣһ·ȥ򴲡 

 

ƽɡ 



ҹžͺá 



ˣ 



ǡ 



Ƴ֮ӣġ 



ǣԽׯҩ룬Ϲ 



¶ְ֮ 



ңҪһˡ 



ˣ 



ү֮ӣΨһ 



ΪһӦλ 



ֻҪͷκˡ 



ҵǸˡΨһԺү֮ӣǸ˲ţڳҲá 



ǣҵޡ 

 

ֱκ˫Сֳףûκһϳ֡ͻȻκ¡ûݡ 



һôֻˣʡ 



κ˫˳ЪϢ 



һأ 



ܲԸš 



֪ûã ͷĵҪҪΪʦ㣿 



ΪʦǰǣȺʵ 



ȺصͷߵС˫ 



ʱӿɱͷ 



⣬û߳漴˳ȥ 



С㵹ǲ֪Ƕ˫ 



ϲȢֱؤֺηƬ̵ĳɣʵΪҪң 



˭֪ײаˡʦҪɱˣȴ 



ʱһѪڵ޶մѪĶ̽ڵأȴǰµĵѪȵĲɱֹǧΣģֻڤڤ֮Уֶʹ֡ 



ʣµİӲˣúú˫Ӱɡ 



ܺң 



ް˵Ƶ壬к⣬Ϊ㣬ʦɱ˳˫ 



Ҳġ 



˵ˣСһΣ񳤱ָĶͷǣֻͱ򿪡ϴ룬ԼźĹ⡣С 



βκȺҡֻϲ£˵λǱ𴦰áκһӭȢλ檣أԽ棬ȴ޷һۡ 



~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 

PS:д˳,üʱס,Ȼκ˫ͳ....= =B 











90 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ18 

 

ŵ书Գһɡжෲڼҹ򣬹֮ƸսȻͳŵ书ƾǼҲܻ顢ѲҲնϣԻʩֻԷɴ˵ 



һϮϸ߸߷£ķѡţѪѪϺڵ̯ԣ붯ˡ֣˵ 



Ѷ֡ 



ɱң 



 



ߣ㣬ûкᡭ 



ûм硣 

 

κ˫κκү֮ÿնɣ˲ͷӻؾǣ߷˲ܻϹţɻң 



δܾۣƶϵִ֣ٴƿִϡ֪ߵˣתȥû˵磬үˣҵöˡ 



κ˫ԱסţԹ£ѻȥΣϹž벻㣿 



ȻϹš 



㻹ҷˡ 



˹֣ŭ˵õģʱԻϹš 



ǣſϼ޶Բԡκ˫˦˦ʹ˫֣ٴβ۵Ϊֻǵķ˱ۡ 



һһˣˣٴ˹ȴû𿪡磿˫۾š 



κ˫סĻԭҪû㣬ǡԲסˣܡ 



Ҫӿʹһ˿ҶӮΩб۴Ϣ⡣ 

 

ҹͼҶѺ廨Ψһ߽ƫүץһˡ 



˵˿ΨһȫĹҲ𲻶ϡ׶صŻҶһһҪЮȺūҵǾ壬ɱǵͷ 



κ˫ͷʾȥƷţߵΨһǰΪ⿪˿ʵӵĶˣ 



򡣡Ψһͷ 



Զһ㣬Ψһκ˫޵ͷ͵һ㡣 



Ļ˵мҾܻؾˡ 



Ŷ𣿡κ˫ϵЦɫúˡӣؾʲô 



Ψһ鶯ǣ͵ȥȥҵ 



ģ˼Ϊأ 



ҪɱЩ۸ҵˣūþСүΰһҪ 



۸ˡκ˫£Ĩȥϵ࣬Ψһţ㲻ҵˣҪɱңҵġ 



ҲǣҲҪرһֻס 



κ˫ȦڻץΨһӿ֣ǲ˵ҪҸ㶼Ҫ֪һξڶΡⲻ˵ģ˵Ψһ˭š 



㡭ء 



ޡǵ飬һ̱á 



ڿܿʧִһ϶ʣʹʹĵͺ 

 

κү֣Ҳʱɡ 



һӰǰ˳ָʵүǲǰԽ̸˰Ʒɣ 



ûûСκ˫æ˺󼸲 



˳ŭƭңѳˣ 



κ˫ЦҲƽ̸˰ 



һĽ˭ϡ 



ϡ˭ڿַһˣƷɡ°ܽ˵ƽĽ 



ֻۿ 



̧ͷգһϷɵ㣬һֻֻġšʮҪˡ 



ү 



κүӦһǰķ첱Ӵ֣⡣ƷӮˡ 



ү˵ǲһЩԲҵ檡 



˵ôôֳˡκ˫ʼ磬ͷ˼˵ЩʲôĻ֣ 



Ȼǣ˳㿴һֵָֻгж̣к˵һҪһҪ𣿶Ҫȱһܽ֡˵ү˵ûе 



е˳ͷȻһЦʣү˵һ 

 

˲Ůˣȴκ˫Ķ裬ʱȫڸжһƬʩչֽŵ¡ 



κ˫Ҫʲôκ˫Ҫġ˿ϳɳصĴӣƽȻضԴλӡû˿Ĳ֪룬ǰֻκ˫һȴҪɵͬסһܣ˽ΪҪγΪŷ 



һ˴ӵϣӵĳĹִκ˫Ȱˣֻܲϱʾͬ졣һκ˫˵վλǡ 



ʵ۽׵һ£رүֻҪ£κ˫Զʧ֮뿪κȥɵӡ 



[ôõķҪ]Сʵ 



ߣʲôûҼҺáΨһм 



˳飬ҲҪЩʬѿٰҼֱ˾ͽׯ 



ƷɺߵЦЦҲ˵û֪˾ͽׯӣ֪һѻճɽ̼ǹֲ壬㻹ÿ 



ӣɷԸˣȺʡ 



ͷ 



Ⱥֵ뿪ɣصȰܣϹؿԶܿġ 



˻δؿܾʹһ˵Ϣκ˫ɱүʧֱܣ˾ͽס 



˾ͽ˽Կ˳ 



˳˾ͽǹְ൱쳯ةࡣ˵˲ϣˣˡ˾ͽơڣȨѳֳֻʣ¶ˣүܴõٺô˵Ŀյ˳һֱǰƽϲֵǲ֪ԭиţͨ 



ѹʦ֪¡ܵͷ 



ʦ 



ǵʦҵģұֱȥү˼˵ȺĵһҲܾȳ硣 



ô˵ʦƵʦܣΪβȥүΨһʵ 



Ϊˣʦ˵£ֻ´ǡ 



Ʒɵͷү书ʧ֣ʦ˵ģǾͼٲˡֻҲףץүΪΣΪκӣ 



ʱϹܼҴҴҽ˿ջһšȺչɫһ䣬ϡССĿӼţ˲䣬Ȫӿ 



գؿ֣žۡ֡ 



У£ʵ壬輸գ 



Ϲܼҿüصشӣūѷɸ봫Ҫ˱ʵһһҲա 



Ψһż̽ʲôʵʦ˵ܼ𣿡 



Ƭ̣˵׼ȥ 



һǰȥʵ 



һһǰˣ˶簢һ㣬ŭ˵Ļţ𣿲ᣬκ˫ʦҲ 



׼һ¡ 



СĨˮͷ 



ˣҲҪ֮ǰκ˫ 

 

κ˫غ¥Ѱ壬ĴѰҲûţС֪嶪˲֪޳ʲôҲǺﱻǸСˣֵ˵ҪС𱾹˵ûˡ 



˵ǲ˵ȻΪҩȷʵСȾλ˻ء 



ڷ˰κ˫Ҳ˵֮¡ 





91 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ19 

 

˽Ϊͨ书Ƿ켫ҵƥеˡִͨ书ѷڡͨʵ˼ʱһʤ˽Ϊҽҩʥҩ롢ˮȥֻ֪ͨ졣˽Ϊһóزⲻ֪ڡͨǰ䲻ӰϷͨƣ˵صͨҲΪ 

Ƶ֣洵磬Ҷ죬ĵطǷִӺη˾УСֽסһƬҶϸϸɫڱǼһᣬģȻϡô[ҪȥҶŪһƬ] 



ΨһҪǰһƬҶӣܸæֹ 



Сֵ[ǰҶҶƬ] 



Ҳ˵ÿһƬҶҪ˳ 



ⶾⲻˣȺʡ 



Ψһӵѽ⣬ҶⶾҲ 



һ쫷է𣬻ҶסۣһƬɱƲĴܵˣ־پ޴䵶ڱźɫ֡ 



ˡƷɰνʣϸһʮˣһ˽߸һƬҶǰ˵ЦǸӣ˭Ϊأ 



ϻ˵ĽñһƬ 



ƷɳһᣬƬҲܡ 



ȻԽׯ 



Ҷ裬㴩ƬҶմ 



߸պá 



Ҳǡ 



ɽƸմѲ 



ܣ˸ 



չһôʱС 



С 



ȺУ˫ۣ㱼мһɫӰٿǿͦӲǺúվԭ 



Ψһţ׽סСִֵɶ㣡ôȫŪˣһƵĶģ 



СεЦЦ 



Ʒɼ찡 



ȻһնĻҶȫûɡɫתŲԶˡ,ò,ɹ,ˣĿȴͶʱų޾ɱ⡣ 



ȺܵľŭƷɲսеĽϢسǰ˿ûвˣֻһˣ 



㻹š 



š 



ƿˣЦ޵Զԭ꣬˲ű 



˳ǰһֵǰǰΪӵ˽𡣡ֻ˳֪ݣҲֻƶǷɱɡ 



ԼϤòƵ㣬˾ͽǫˣ 



ȸ˾ͽ˳ 



㷽Žʲôӣ 



ǣǡƬ˳ӵ 



һĨϣǸӣͬǼ֮ˡ 



˳Ҳŭǫؾһ᲻װŲ棬ҲǼ֮ˣȲǰиУʮ˳޵ǰǣĺϲĸ 



ɫ΢䣬µƬƬҶһɷ紵 



Ⱥü԰ܵԺٺ֣ġ 



û˵ֵǰƷɡ 



ߵ˳֮ǰЦƥǺаסˡ 



񡣡Ⱥ𣬲ֻĺӡ񣬡Ŷеǰ£ֻǵӣǰܷҵȼһ档 



κ˫ƷȥϵҶԡԼ̾Ϣ̫ˡʲô̫ˣ 



ǰˣıϷܹƭˣֻһ򣬺οϲ˿Ųɣκ˫С 



Σȸ쳯లʵˮݡκ˫ϷһϷá 



Ⱥӷǳ͢ˣ˵ǰһ 



΢΢֣κΨһӣʣ쳯ʵۻ᲻⣬ЩӵκȴԹۡ 



ԣȺüǰҪ 



Ѩ֣Ͼܼ 



ƷɳʵǰκӣΪΣ 



̾Ϣ̫ˣ 



һĵͺȣյĻҶһ㣬ƵĿ¹ˣƬƬ絶ޱȡ 



СֻƣӣҶ÷顣ֹͣȻվɫȻѰҪȥҶգȻСҩ롣 



ҩ롭ҧһ˿ǡ 



ҩҪͨǰʩֽҲǲףֻһʼûСû˿Слɳá 



Ϊֹ£ݽְѽβ۽ɹ˲ʮϸɳȴˣ˵ʬ塣ʬ񱻵ȼ͵Ѹȼգ֡˲ŸкǣһֽžͱٰĶԽԽһù类̣ʶޡ 



߿ߣͨµĻأʮδѡ 

 

κ˫£ûлɾ͸ȥؿһӭӣܻʲô 



²͸Ƶ뷨޲Ѫ⣬κ˫꣬ҪɱǶ˻˵ùȥԩ޳סΪҪЮκ˫ǡͨͨҪЮʲôֵ 



֪֪ϷŹôꣿ 



̧̧ۣĿ 



Ϊôˣ̫ˡ 



Ƭ̺ۣܶǰҾ룬⸱ǻ᲻㵱߸ϵĤ硣 



ЦŤԶˣԶ˵գš½ֱؽϳһ 



˺һùõƷɡ˳ڴϢǳΨһɫ԰׿ڵأʣɸʵС֡ 



ˤƵڼ̳ǧϷߵݣٹ̣֮ϷԲɱǡ 



ȺĻʱ˫Ⱥ죬ץס߳Ҫȴ˴ 



ˣ˵һ 



Цͷ 



衭Ʒɽгһ־ٷСתѣﾡǻһǿ־壬һ 



סվ˵ңǣΪһԼǣ 



ץסùǵһȻ뿪 



ӡȺẰһ 



תͷһۣôΪûңֵӡ 



ȺҡͷǳЦǡӡûˡӡġӡ˵ 



ȵ׼ôҡ 



ǣһΣԺ󶼽ӡ 



˽עıӰǵĴӡ 

 

ѽһö䡢һȡһһ 



ӿп塭һ˵ѱԶؿڱðѪͷһûＸ˷׷װγսѡ 



߽һˣκ˫תסʵ 



ʹ϶ϼ˵Ӱ£Իˡ 



κ˫һӽˤ⡣ȴסլʺĪݲġ 



լʺ𣿡 



һЦѪۡ˺˵ɴ飬˻УҲϲˡ 







92 

 

ֻԸ֪ģ20꡻ 

 

аɽڳšͨĴԭʿܽа͢ػνħͷӽ״Ϊ֮λ 



Զջ˾֪ʤչͬһȺں֮ڡԵ¡Сͨ 



κӵĴ£ǧָֽ뱱Ź쳯ɽȡ 



κ˫书׿Ѱ֮ƽɫκӣǡͨĴˣɢ裬ڽֻǸС䡣 



һ﹫ӵĺųϱǲ뻻˻õĹ 



ǰϿȣǰУһŵ 



½ŷģЩааɲǧˣɲ򡣡Ӳػӻ֡ 



ϷĻз 



赣ģ쳯ǧڱŹޱ˴ֻħͷ书ǿǧҲֵˣϲŻλʿǰ 



һϯַ׷ͦؾüò⡣ 



κ˫ǰ棬нһö䡣СֵܵסΨһֻҪɡǻĥ 



ǧȫϿȣͷβ˽ӶĴ޴죬ʯɽµǧ׷ʩչṦɽ£ŵǧ֧ͬɻȴɽСಡĺХ춯ءֹˣ˲˴⬣书ǿ߳곤ֱָ 



ֻһͳ˧󺰣ףʮöһͬ䣬¡ضɽҡ 



κ˫ϣۿ档Ͽ˹룬ʣµ˹ȿӴܣһʿ½أͳ˧ָһȿڣ׼ 



ʣ޼ԡ 



ͳ˧ת޶Եκ˫ӣ˵˼һ 



κ˫üʶɢü˼£Ŀ⻷һһܾǰ 



ӣܣǾҪʮ˲ʱ 



κ˫˺ȥ°ڣ˫סֵңһͺȽ磬Χ˱öðѪǿ˵ơʯһɳľɽ£һɽͻ̮ȿѹܵˡϿŵ˲һǧʱϵ˲Żӵ£ɱ캳ء 



˺󣬡κӡͶ֮Լ̣͢κ塣 

 

úܺãպԭЩһ谭 



ʦˡ 



ʦЦϷôˣıͽ 



κ˫һʦŵԣСֶ檡 



ȼǡ 



ɳԭʱڵļ̳ÿҹĻپͻٵԩ޽УšԩšҲ 



ү˳غ 



κ硭ƷҲ᲻ 



ȺЦţ磬㿴Цˡ 



ǰϹ裬ûˡܺ޺޵ 



˵ٺ˵ѵ㡭СֺΨһ 



ִľ׮Χľ׮˵ùǸ߸ԵΨһСѲվȺͰܸһˣǵĲӡ 



ʦ˵ģչˣ˵κ˫ӻͳ֧ɻ֮ʣֱ֧ 



Ʊɫŭʲô 



Ķκ˫һ֧ 



Ϸʲô 



Ķ 



𣬸һƵ˼ɳϵĴľ䡣ɳһˣ׵Ľ߳ѿԭɫһ˶һͬסùǹľ׮ϵ˶ 



ͻȻĻ́ͷɢҵͷǰ¶㵵ı飬ǵһЦ棬ȴǡ 



κ˫ʦҲףɱɣҵθɡȻ֣Ǻ޲ɱɱΪҪɱĲ 



Ȼ˵ˣϷɱòͨɹ,ˣ˵ñǰ֮ˡ䣬ϷɱжˣƫƫϷɱáκ˫֪˭ 



֪ʦ֮ 



ãһԶ 



κ˫ԭʦͬһǺˣ 



һκ 



ԭ塣һκ˫һ 



ݽָκ˫棬Ⱦ˫ۣԶ㣬ΪΥңΥҵ⡣ 



ʦҪκ˵Ļ 



ΪԶþԭһɱôһССӣΪ㻤Ϊ㣬ʲôʲôЦû˿裬̴ӽԿĿɿڴֲѡ 



ʦߣʦ縸ףҪɱɣһɾͺǣʦҪ˲ 



ɱǣа취 ݽһһָˣ֪֪ϷΪεȵʱų֣ȫǵһңӲһһǰӵһתʧȥĸоϷѾȲ뿴ʲô 



𣿡֧Ͽգʦӣǹ£ȫˣʲôСֶȲ뿴 



κ˫ľٶֻǹŪ顣С书ȴǲ򣬱ϾʦǺɵǡ 



 



䲻κ˫ԾʯľжܵΨһѴھӵĵݸҰε 



εġ 



شƨ˵εָܻܱѩޣ 



˵κ˫бϮָͣǰܣ 



̵⽣밢ܵıκ˫ļΡ⣬ܲסһẰһȥ 



ջݽֵϵļ˿Ѫ⡣ϷƺСˡ 



λʢʯıŹڣ쳯ǰƳǣϹ˾ͽµıΪ·һ·Ͽȷһ·ϹšԽչµˣһ·ϹؿڿϹҰǡ 



ԺүͰƳǵڷ󣬿ʼ湥򶼳ǣϿȵأŵֻ÷̵Ϲؿڵı԰̣ϹѲҶģһʱҲ޷ 



֧ƺȻ 



κ˫ΪֹѪ󣬱ȺߣʦˣõģȺҰɱ˶֮Ի˻ȥҲõģˡᰴ͵ġ˵Ȼ˺һ˵ģһЩҲ޷ 



κޡ˫ƵȫŤ˫۹ųѪ⡣ 



ʦҵ±ʹ˰ˣһˡҪᣡ 



ͷһκ˫ͷһȺ֣ͷһƷɼκ磬ͷһ˳үе¡СֺΨһûпֲķܴŻź 



ߣЦûз񲡣 



󷢳תͷ 



ڵأ˶촽ûз[] 



һˣ 



[Сū] 



ףһŻߺܳס 



[СūòӣֻЩ] һ鱡Ķ캬סתľ׮ʯ[ȫĻء] 



ʲôֽţκ˫ŭžҪȥŲſһ޻ϡżӲĻɳسݵɳأ 



ײľУȼţ̺ܿ챻紵ɢžֻõתˣûӸıĥľ׮ϵϣܸױըǰŪϡ 



ֽţϷĽһ֣һ̴ӷɳأ˻ڰվͱصǧ˿߲סɳСһ֣Ķʮ֣ϷҲ֪һһ֡˵ָôƵˡ 



ͼⲻκ˫֪ף˵κ˫ƴµĻزѱܿʱױըʱ˶˵κ˫ϲۿǰ 



ǵļͷڲκ˫£͹ȥ 



 



ôˣ 



κ˫ңзɿתʱ䡣 



ҵȻҪ㣬ôˣ 



ң뿪ˣ뿪չȺ뿪Ʒɡ뿪˾ͽ˳뿪Ψһ뿪롢뿪ϹܣӦǲӦ 



κ˫ֹס˽Ųᡭ 



ϻǲϣ 



ҡϡ 



֪㲻ϣҲ㡣ֻҪ˵һ䣬㲻ϲǣֻҡϣϣ 



ɡ棿 



桭ϣ 



˵κ˫תλ檣˯ŵΨһС֡˯ŵӣŵȺƷɡ˳Ʋ۶ű𴦣һǵԸԼ˯š˵˵ˡ 



˵ˡҪκ˫ޣ 



˵ˣһξ㡣 



һЩ䡣 



ҡϲǡֻС 



Ͽʯ¡졭 



 



ΥĻѷҪ˵˵ɡǡҲġҪ˵ġ 



 



ɱ㡪 

 

ſļ米񣬺סүţ±Ҫϵκ±Ӳ϶±ֵ 



Ⱳӻ£Ҫ±ӣ 



£±Ҫֻ 



ͷѹʱʣү㣬ӵáɺá 



ãáҲ㣬ҲҪȺǣκ˫ҲҲգֵðΪΡ 



ǿҵһͷٻᣬڰϮ 



үʹˡ 



Īʣϵ 



֪ʯ⡣ 





93 

ߴΰݿʷǷȻ¶һɹһɰһɵ̸ЦɵЦΨΨŵŵֻҪģԷΪƣΪꡣֻҪ⣬Ծ֣¡Ȼװ߸װֻڰնҹޡ 

վס 



үܣ 



ɱӰˮɽǰ裬ͣ˶ţ˫ȭһʩչṦһԾ𣬶ôĶôýˡȻ߾͸µأ֮ʣһӰӹˮ潫ض档 



үСˣ 



˵ô࣬СӿҲ׽סСӵŴ󺰡 



СҲţŸöĶȻһϲˣΣյĵطȫĵطүȥӵҩ¥ 



һҲԣүȥ 



ඣ˵Сү֣ϸ߸ߵݶԾСֵҩ¥ȥ 



ǰظɽͬʱͬأȴͬͬĽ 



СүĲѹģ 

ߵȻѹģǰңǰٻṦܣֻбץȥʰķֶ 

ֲˡ 

ǰҳ˻ãСүܲˣСֶңЩҩ˺ȵ𣬸ȡ 

үҩˣ¼˶ҪͷⲻҲѡ 



ҩ¥һСӵľӲţݺݵС㵱治 



ܸүСһ״ҪܸӺͶȫˡ 



Сӣһ͵⡣ֻҪһ㣬ṦС ԽԽСɫۿҪͻȻһ󼱴ٵĽŲֻʱ֣һҩ¥ҩ 



ȥСͨһ£ǧߵذţүٱСģСҪ洫㣬õԴûˡλӷǰιɡ 



̧ȴһţߵ˭ҪԴµĴһظҪ档 



Сվ죬үⲻǹ⺮С 



ǰٳºܡô˻ͼ죬аħͷ¶ϵԵظָڴˡλӶԿаħͷ֮ʣһλĴ͡ī¡λŮͦ˳ºܡ 



үСüɫôŹţ 



ŹΧҩ¯תһȦ˵նݲĿ࣬үҳԹˡ 



ү׾ͷȡ 



ְࡢҳ֡ 



书ŵ书үΪβöӷ 



ҪȺ֡үӶ˵˵ְԷýģҹǸ͡õġΪŵ书˶֣ҾȥܿͻԼԼ 



үӢСڨڨЦţ֪үģҲԷĵˡһݣүҪԼأСҲźˡ 



żҪС͸꼵£ٸģСӣҪү飿 



СжӣȴŰۡ飿֪ʹʲôСүС˲󡣡 



ۣŵϹˣСӺܿ챻ú乡˵ˣǰͲȥǰͲ뿪үңຣ 



ôᡭСֻǲүΪСӵͷҿ˫޲ۡ 



Сӡһ̾Ϣкܶණǿģȥǿ㲻ġǿĽ֣һΪģˡ 



үס 



ȥֻ㣬гһǿ󲻵ɻ֪𣿡 



СӿЦҡͷү̫߹СģǿҲҡǰ߹µˣҲԲѣȥժ 



ӶˡתͷŶӣɥүҪȥţԼأͣڣټ 



Ŵ򿪣СӴүߵףүʹӵ֮С 



ͷȻáСӡӹףͷҼǵãɣ 



˵С϶ʱû˸ж֮飬ֻŨŨĲָûػصѵүǵģСֿ 



ֿֿСӣСӡүﷴ׽߳ҩ¥˴󺰡 



үٸ 

 

ȻٸҲС 



üǣͷһ¡Ŀࡢȳ壬ĶҲҩ 



б¾һӶűӹҩ룬ݸһࡣ 



ӹҲãںҪΪпڷԣҲ 



Ʒ𣬡㣬ȵף˾ͿˣҲԡ 



꣬ݳ룬ҪҪǱҩܲ 



[Ȼ]СߵǰΪɫƬ̺ü[ү] 



ǰǰæͷҲ֪˭ڻ˿ʯͷҼ·ͰῪˡ 



˳ŭϵȥˣүصĻУҿüүźҪ»е·ʯͷǻ˵á 



ףСˣҲһˡ 



ҲҪһѺҲҪֻҪСӣ˶С 



ʵӿɺã 



á 



ôãŭȺŶ룬̤ż¸Ľӡүþ񣬽ܵͦ찡ȻþոӾҲû⡣ 



Ҹλ£һ²ؼӣҪѵ˲һ˵ҲţСʧְ˵ 



æѰӻǺЦȺһǣ 



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ҡƷ¡ 



ȺǣûԶԺ 



Ժûްɻ 



Сֱ壬һһ˵ţн죬ȸССЩأתȺʡ 



ۣնĲ֪ 



ȺȺ㡭òǡվָţһۿҪԵ 



Ⱥĵװϵһëģȫˣһֻûܡ 



ˣ 



쿴 



ֱһǰɰӣܷǾľչˣλ˶ӦҩҲһ㲻ѺȡֻΪ˸ʹˤ˵¡ 



ŪһͨѰ֣ô͸ 



λ˳꣬һμʦʦһиһ˫áʦӽоģûֻ֪󽭴ﻹܻͽСŪ˭֪ķ϶ǸΪǵ֣Ū˵Ļ㱻Ϊв׵Ĺ 



ʮһҾ϶㣬ûܳ߸û£ҲڣһΣһǻɱ롭 



նݳˡСȴ˵˽áͷһ˶۵ΩдӦ 



Сֽ̽ͷһ͵[ùžͻû] 



ʹļ׵ùţ˿ǰ˵ҪŰϰ䣬ֻаܻкɫǣϰڴô 



ү㲻˵˯ 



˯žס 



ĴȵĽϣ»׽סġֻ׼ײ׼ 



ֻգʱͬգ˭޸֮ɢӵţʱʱصΪǼÿ۾ʹ̵ĵط 



ү˵ʦʦĶȥͻȻʵ 



ȥĶã˾ͺá 



ʦصƥ˵᲻Ϊ 



һƣ߷˫ȼøܡᡣ 



˵ҵֻ㡢Զ˫ôԶ֮ҡڲɵɱ˫ʱְƸ˽ģֻҺõߡ 



૵㲻ʦôʦһֱճ׷ 



ƺʦ¡ 



оܺ͵׽ҲǵϹŲ˵޸κ˫ߣʦǰ·ˣҲĿ 



ĿѵүҿžͲģĿһһ²˺ѵ 



үʲ֡ҡγ 



̫ˡѽѽץʹˣүš 



߷˼æ֣ŵץʹˣҲǡ޳ܣ 



үҲɣƵǣ 

 

ƻ ϦбͥԺһƬɫʱںͼСѾ滨æ 



ү 



š 



ɻãĹڶŮ磬ǰ 



ϵ˯ú죬Ǻۣ۵ûָܽϰĦţỽ 



Ψһˡ 





94 

 

ϵ˯ú죬Ǻۣ۵ûָܽϰĦţỽ 

 

Ψһˡ 

 

һ˫۾յø۽ëеһһ̡Цţ˫˫գסװ˯ 

 

ΨһҽŭӴˣүŪҰ 

 

˯һ齣ƿ´ֻһ㣬ľӡžĺӡ 

 

˭ģ󲡳ôҡΨһſ˫˸¡ 

 

ϵ´ùϣΣŵүҲҲ֮ 

 

ΨһͻȻϬضŵү˵ǲװɵ 

 

ҡװʲô 

 

ûװûװ˵ΨһһԼ죬ʮġѹˡ 

 

ƤҲˣ⻰ΨһǼҲ˵治װģͲÿζ׵ץȥǶĵҩүҡһ򻢻ͦŵ˿ɫѲ磬ֵϴţСֻû밡 

 

ΨһɫʱףɻشȥҲۣһ˯˯ڴһֱ磬һһء 

 

ǰڼϣߴͳߣҲҪ˯С˵ÿһأһ죬һҲͣ 

 

ҪҪүءΨһߴֿ֣ίڱү㲻֪ءѾǰҲ˳Сö 

 

ôˣ޵ģæµء 

 

˵ˣţ 

 

ôˣСֵ¶ 

 

ǰǰڴŸ״ĻᣬΨһŹδᣬڸҽΣֳִֵҡҩôۣȴúʹҳȻ͵ҵѨִ򲻹СǹǳҪԸһҲǴ´ࡣ 

 

һڼǺңΨһ߷ߵ 

 

СǺ㣿 

 

ɿɣҾ֪үһšΨһְֺ޵˵СֻƤĲǣɱ˼ѪƤ˲¹ǡ 

 

ҲȫȻţϾԼҲᡣɵٲǰǰ㣬һŪ¾ͰԭŸҩֶֿĵĶ 

 

Ψһԣްү§˺ţүʲôСΪҪ㣿 

 

ΨһϼȴЦ˻С㿴ôͼӴףûʲôʱѨһֱǺšСˣûջ˾ͽ˳۸ 

 

ѨʱԭˣǸʱȥʦƣСɵϵСֵѨҩʹ˶á 

 

õľףΨһ̧ͷү 

 

Ψһͣ»оʲڵĻµӱܡһţΨһǲΪҶֻпֻͬ顭 

 

Ψһ˺뿪Ļҡͷ㣬㡭°̫࣬ǣүңǿͬ𣿡 

 

ǣǣ¿֮ˡ֮ͬ˺ֹǧΨһֻһȢΨһ԰Ըɺ޿յִΪȢΨһΪޱõ֤Ψһܻһ졣 

 

ңϲôǲǺһϲΨһ 

 

ϲϲ᲻ϲ 

 

սţ˫ȭյ߷죬͵̧ͷȭͷͳǰɱǧȥţһҲû˵û˵ϲҵģκ˫û˵ϲΨһû˵Ψһŵģ֪κ˫ΪҪŵʵʱŵġ 

 

ǣ»֮ҹֻһһεӶռУʲôҲû˵캬谮ȴû˵һ䡣 

 

ǣǣѪζӽÿ˵һοɺã˵κ˫ϲΨһ˵ϲΨһ˵ϲ㡭 

 

á 

 

ãָǵѪɾ 

 

һڽšͷѪζֻжݵȣǳõԽԽ 

 

⣬үûΪʩˡ 

 

ү΢΢ԾΪүȥӦںӡⰡ⡣ 

 

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ΨһҲСֿȰ˵̫أֻС˶ʩչṦһԾΨһ󣬿סļһѹߣٷɿѨ 

 

ˤ°ͣ˾ǿӲһ棬Ҫֳޣ˵棬ҡ 

 

Сó벻ͨ룬ǺģĳĴ֡ 

 

С֣ǵôֵ룿 Ĩʵ 

 

СƫСԴһ£ʵػص[ǣûүĻԲҪܷ] 

 

үһĳԣͷСֶ˵öԡ˵žݡ 

 

ܶΨһ󾪣ү㲻ң 

 

̯źԲסΨһүСҲв 

 

үߣ߰ 

 

ƾȭŹסСֻ֡Сֶ˵öԣүԲļһҪܷ 

 

壡үҲˣ 

 

оѣδƱȥߵˣæָϢ䣬ûˣûк 

 

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΢£ڲ֦ڷвסزƣţ԰׵ϲˮʧ˻궢Լֲתգ 

 

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ҧһڣʹѡˣˣҲûˡ 

 

ͨٻָٴƾһս׽ŪˣΣöԷأɶˡһǰ˯²ۣۺʱʱֱǰڼһֱҹҪ̽ıϢ㾿˶᣿ 

 

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㵱Ҫ˯Ҳãϵʪմˣ˶Ҫҡ 

 

һϵشϡ 

 

ôԶ㣬䡣䣬Ӵ۰Ͳˡ 

 

ˬȺ졣Ʒʯɣ۾еķתϷ𵭵Ц⡣ 

 

ƷɣƷɣյķƣԵβ񷡣ҽסС֮أЩɡ 

 

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ǰˣ˳Լϡ 

 

ƷţǰϲңʱûòԾأ 

 

Ʒɣǻطɺã 

 

 

 

ؿסˣҸطɺáҸ޶ĵط 

 

Ʒɵ˲䱻ĵƣĿүõһү 

 

Ҫȴ⻰֣õһүҵķˣмү 

 

ү˵ȥĶƷæתƻ⡣ 

 

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үһӵﲻ֪ôļһֻԼ 

 

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ǰСȥһףһĸӡȻģǡºҪһסꡯ 

 

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֣ίⲻֽдţܵسŵ ֮¡ 







95 

 

еֽίⲻֽдţܵسŵ 

 

Ⱥ£̧ɨһˣһ˷׷׾Ϲײһ뵽輸գʡ 

 

Ϊ׵սսػصشӣһؿһ·̡ 

 

¡Ƭ̣һ׺͵ؿүһº̰ɡҪɿ±ֺݵ˵ һҴʰװ 

 

һԴ˳ĵ˵λ첻ˣ̸·ǰǵϵĿջ 

 

Ƭ̺ʮæȭ룬ĽѳǵԤϡԭλӼʹǾ͵شҲὫǳһͷϾһ˷ˡλ˴֮磬治նʹ 

 

ʦ֣㲻𣿡ʦܵɻ󣬡λءΪ׾ʹӦ£ 

 

ʦһǲòӦѵͷӦʣԷΪ죬ӡ 

 

ԷΪ죿ǿѽʦ벻ֻͨе˼顢Υ 

 

˭˲֪ˣԲ˵ظʦĴС˵ظߡ 

 

Сʦܴ죬Ϊ죬ʹĽשߡ绪λˣҲԸס档λӲŲǡ 

 

ɺʦЦŵҡͷСʦҲˡǿɱȲɫ¼˭ҵһ䡣 

 

ʦ֣ҡҲɫãֻ 

 

òöգҲֻ롣 

 

뿪λӡСʦ 

 

ʦһЦսҧ䣬ˣģ 

 

λģ˭ˣʦܲ 

 

С̫ãˣ 볢ʡ 

 

ˣСʦܺݺݵغʦһۣ㣬𣿡 

 

һӶ岻ˡʦҲͻص漴òԣôʦܵͷܻСӣҲɫãֻ 

 

ʡ뿪һ·ʦֺʦܶ߶š 

 

֪ѳߣĪûԻ޼漦޹湷ɽߡ 

 

һ뿪ظ˺ҲɢˣǰԺֻүһվԭءƷҲţӦǨһ벻Ϊֻһڽϰ 

 

̾Ϣע⣬̧ۼԺﾹһˣûʣ壬ϻվʲô 

 

عܼһյ̾Ϣū룬ǲҪ 

 

 

 

.ǰκ˳ΪϹܼңүաء֮˳عܼңүūĪǵøĳơϹܼҡһû 

 

ȭҧʣ㵹Ǹ˵˵ΪҪĽϣܣң 

 

ⲻүҪסһôūⲻǡ 

 

ƽعܼҲٽ˵壬⻰˵䲻λ˵һعܼҼΣȥ 

 

عܼҳһͷȥ¡ҺүѷյүҪһľ͵ý 

 

һֻܴ󣬲׼κһλ˷һ£Уܹ̾ȥֻҪλ˲ΪھС 

 

Դһ˰ݷúظæذҴҵģҪһȫʵסеүһһ̳ϺõĻ𣬸ʴ𡢲ͷТķˡ 

 

ٽҶĲڣϵĵȴǺܿͣϢֻ˳ͦг 

 

ƷǵȻȴĪˣ 

 

ʲô 

 

ˣҲǸεŮʱүϲɣɾ乬ˡ 

 

Ц˳ȵôˣɫȥճүɣ 

 

ƷڨЦͷβ㲻áɫ࡯ȥүô 

 

˳ŭת𽣻սʣ򴽶Ц˵ĶԣŮүΣĪ˵òʤǧΣϲɣҸ㣬֮ǰүүҪҲͬ˾ͽ˳ 

 

˾ͽƤһ㡭үƷɲǽǲһˡ 

 

Ʒɣ˳д轣̳߳ 

 

һŵζ˹Ʒɴ̳ᣬʧҡͷǾƣˮࡣ 

 

ãһ˺ȡ˳æ̳ 

 

ϡүȰɡƷɴǷ 

 

үүĶŪģ㰡˳Ȳ̳һ·ŻغҶ 

 

ֵӣЦҡͷƹþƣƫƫմࡣˣ»غȡ 

 

һҪȣ˳鿪֣ϾƱھ¶˫Ⱦ˼ۣ롢ϡġ 

 

˵ͱ˫ȥĻꡭ 

 

үҪҲͬ˾ͽ˳ķģҲ̫ˡ 

 

ᡢ֡ȴҪʲôΪģδѹ˼ҲΪšǣǰŵشʴʣΪҪҪ֣ 

 

үһֱ㡣 

 

 

 

ΪÿضҪƷţˣƷɡ 

 

˳˸ãſϣүʶоҺ塭ֱϲ 

 

үϲǻ˼ȫΨһСϣû˳ֻΪ԰Ըķ˲˶н١ 

 

үô϶ҵûŻ 

 

ס򢣬ĦûţĻĺᡢģ˭ʤ 

 

ô˳úͿ廨æȥһֻ 

 

⻬ķۼۣϸƣܿ۵ǳǳİסֲ֪ĻҩĵޣһΣ 

 

˳òͷֱµүҸ㣬ݵȥմҲҺÿ㡭ҺÿҲҪұÿûУ 

 

⻰Цһ׼ò˵Լÿÿү 

 

˳վ̳վ°û 

 

üÿأָŹľӣأǰ˫ȼ䡣 

 

ЩطҲҪ˳Ի󲻽⣬һòòãǿ 

 

ҪȻҪ 

 

ҪǺáٴվ𣬿ߣŬۿԼֺŽ⿪ȥ£ǳ㡭塭 

 

ԾܲԾ˫ȱſܸʱ˳евԣﲻء 

 

һ£ү̣˿ϧ 





96 



һ뵽ؿѰ˿ӱҪһ£ظī¡λṦǿŮȴֻʮա 

 

߸Ůһ糾ȴʻ 

 

ףīǰһشӣһشϿˡۡظɽظһλסխСī鿴Χɽһյأ޸һסˡ 

 

ī£īҪǰȺҡͷʾⲻء 

 

ֵϲ˵ŽЩطܹ۳ԣ˵Ÿ޵࣬ƷɵŵоԽԽĻϲϹǺõطܵÿ졢ɵøߣ˼ 

 

ñ˵һ仰˳˾ͷĴζĻһһΪһһ 

 

ƷɣԺٲϡЩ̳ƨ 

 

Ʒ֮ǰѵ⣺ٶĻҲҪٺȡ 

 

үҶȰɣȶ˺˲źá˳ 

 

үӣ졣 

 

Ψһ۰Ͱ͵ؿѾͷãһ߿һѯӣǷǰ˵Ψһȴᣬŭȣ㵹˵ 

 

ǣǡͷۣһ˶֮꣬ϸˮ顢͸,˽Կ뻭 

 

ΨһɵЦѾͷ˵ʲôҺʱҪ㡭үȥ 

 

ʱƣɽʢҩġϵĻؿĿ࣬ȲݱؿȡһһС˵ţСЦŵͷȴ಻ 

 

û̽£˵˼䡣֪ĸѾͷ˵һҲһƬ֣ӵĺҶ 

 

˳񱻲βͣ͵վƷɴ˵ã 

 

Խ˵ƷԽҪҿɲ㣬㶮ؾ͸֪޹ֵ檡 

 

˭˵?˵ΨһɿǰүʵҲϲҶһסƬӺòã 

 

ˣ壬Һ˳һĲš 

 

ôңΨһֱͦ壬þү㲻ɣ 

 

ƷҲԾ˵壬Ҳ֪ˣ˯ĥϣתͨˣ 

 

Ψһͷͨˣǰ¶ȫռȫˣٲôǣ 

 

ǰ˶ţܲƽϢ㶦ĸоæ㵽ߣק䣬¹ӹܡ 

 

֣ۿˣīһȫϺ㡣 

 

ڴʱ˿С֣СһЦ[㲻ҩҩ] 

 

ҡͷǻݲݵģƬֺá 

 

ܣĪ㻹ҵĴȺΪ. 

 

ûУֻ˵˵ϡ 

 

ĻӲңκϵһһ󣬺ôһƬ񰡡 

 

Ļתͷ۶ӡ 

 

״Ҫ޳,Ⱥܡ˺߷Ҳȥǹ⾰֮˺ķˡܹȵġ 

 

ô죿Ωֻпˡ 

 

ͷү٣ɺã 

 

Ƚһһ㣬һһȴ, 

 

ǧ⣬˸ŴĴ̵һ֣Ȼټˡ 

 

ȻҪ,λӾ͵þ촦Ե. 

 

үãСүԸ档 

 

Ψһʼ磬㿴ﲻã 

 

ˡ 

 

ҩڣˡֻǳ˷һ 

 

ү 

 

޷ԭ书Ͳȣܳʲô¡Ը͢εкηӦү˺ӡܶϱֻϾǵĻ˹ȻʵۺȺŭ 

 

Ը̧ͷһϣٲµĽӼʱŵϺүװװɵʱ񡣡үģһѷƽ˾˰š 

 

˰ţ 

 

ǡԸƬ̣үһүѰ׵ 

 

ʵ۵ŭֻһֽűƽϢȺöڡҩүʵ۲ѲܶյκͻȻһʹֻŲѡ֪ܱƵ̫Ψһµ·һ·ھʦʳǣһ·ǰıŹأʣһ·פһӿӡ 

 

Դ,ԸΪһ 

 

Ҳа׵Ψһ,ھǲ׵ǲŲ 

 

Ըҡͷүб䲻رƼˡ 

 

԰ŸھǡүžͲ벻͸ү˵ҡͷ 

 

үǴˣү赣ġһ£׼ү볯Ϊ١ 

 

ģ 

 

ǣүˡСүϲӣԸַỨ 

 

СүԶɲϺүСͲǸĺӣѧʫʣֻҲֻửˡѧͱҹӶģֻӰӻ۽ְСƣڳ͢Ҫעʵ۵һһҪǹǣȷǸĺүҺãϺүȥ˻үүţСүµġ 

 

ԸܱܲˡΨһӶƲ죬ȥվӣѲѿˣһһ̫ƽû˵ӿӶࡣ 

 

⡭СҲ֪ү˵ 

 

˵ʲô 

 

˵ܿͻˡү˵̫ˣϲȾǺؿֶĵͷߣүӵӣûǧ˻ţûվȱ첲ȡ 

 



ƷһĿʮеطĿعܼкʱܿ챻ꡣ 

 

ԡ 

 

عܼҶһūϸϸ©֮ 

 

ƷɸīʣЦعܼۻ軨ô 

 

 عܼҾүֻ˵һ򡭡 

 

ܼӣƷɺ޵ҧʣµȥĹĿ 

 

ǡ 

 

عܼߺƷɽƳ˵Ļһֲ©ת 

 

ɡ 

 

ӡ 

 

ƳҲҪӦǴġƷͣ£ֵ˸ߴǵޣãҿɾͲôˡ 

 

Ӷˣ̫үڣ˭ҴϷ˲á 

 

䲻ίҲչȫ 

 

ͷ˶ۼүôӾɷģϷ˾һίƳǶŹأӵǧ 

 

ȻġƷ˦˦ɬ֣߳鷿 

 

˯̹ȴںҶƷսѾͷڲ࣬عܼȥ裬漴ִͷظѾͷһȣүҲҵǣ˵ЩѾͷ۾ͷԼҵƴӡܵΩѾͷԼҲۣڲˮҲ 

 

Ʒɺһͷȫѱ˵ļعܼҡ 

 

ڣӡ 

 

ظʱʼӪھ֣ 

 

عܼһصԼаˣϱ߽Щߣӱҩ⡣ 

 

֪ǰ¡ 

 

ÿѺҩľͻˣͬһ书鲻ס˴ѺͣҩЩ˿һھ֡ 

 

˫ھ֣治Ҫү֡ 

 

ūһ£˵ӽ˫áӹܡ 

 

ָʹˡ˳תתЦҲãøС˫áɡ 

 

عܼͷü̾Ϣ˫ã˫á 

 

ҩ¥,Сһ߼¼ҩһŸĶȥŪЩϺҩϡĶѰ 

 

ӡŶ롣 

 

Сæʣ[] 

 

ˣһ˵Ϻѱ£Ǹү١ 

 

[ô죿Ҽҩ]С߹ȥĳ䣬[磬ù] 

 

СƫͷȥԼһʱʹӦˡѺͺھֿӵ˫ھ֡ 

 

[һΣһΡ] 

 

ÿһض˵һΣǵһֱ£гһձӷ 

 

[мð]뵽ӽӽˣСּۡ 

 

类Σֻ˵ӣʵЩҩǴǲ֪. 

 

[] 

 

˵ЩҩľɽɽҩǾ˵ģҲẦ˵ġ 

 

[֪֪]ˣСֵ£[һΣһΡ]ѾŪҩʱա 

 

ӱޣȥŪ绹ǵֲ˵ᡣ 

 

[] 

 

ǣġΪСֲȥˮο˵ּˡ 

 

Сֲ˼ 

 

үܵģ˵Ҫǿ˵޵ӲСֶ 

 

[ô˵ģ]Сֵˮʵøˣ[Ҳֻ޵ı棬ҪΪӡ] 

 

ɵӣ˭㣬ûбˣǱ棬ӾǱ棬˭˵һ䲻ǡүῳԴ 

 

СֱĻŪԺ[˵ԺҪޣ] 

 

ԣ޾ͱţǴǰһһտҲС 

 

СΪˣһտأܾûˣеѡ 

 

 



97  





ȺͰһƫīϸ˵飬ֻź 

 

һԱ಻ԶܼšԴӽ˹ȾͲҴӹ˿̽һϢ˵Žһǵʧķ裬ʱʱ񡣡 

 

ѹүҷȺ׵. 

 

ī˵ϣȥִᡢǰү磬ȷ˷ү͡κӡòơ 

 

Щ˿м£ 

 

īصͷ 

 

ܺݵαضһ٣ɱǾ͸ɾˡ 

 

ɾȫɱ˲ŸɾɱͲġȺѾͷѵܡܶ˶죬ûȺĻ᲻֪ԼϹţ׼ô 

 

Ϲôˣʡ 

 

Ϊһ뻹ǰͷһһ֮á 

 

¾£ҲӾþСţֱŤĺ 

 

ȺѾͷ˳ţһѰܵ쾾ס𣬡ô㻹ûֹŤ 

 

ܷ֣һˣʲôŤ 

 

Ҳ֪ԼˡҲʲôݵѵ㣿 

 

ЦЦ,ôҲֲҰɣӡ 

 

Ⱥһ´ֱۣ׼һⲻظ˭ңļù㣬ļ²ȫ𿴶ԴڸΣӦСţɱ˨ŰšΩ㡭 

 

ϡϡ˨Űš 

 

ľԴҪϡȥŮһڹ뷿廨ˣ 

 

ȺˤŶܶƫղ˵ĻŴǰ 

 

磬㲻ܰҵŮˣҲǳڷ廨Ůˡ 

 

ŮˣôıŤǱŮ˻簡 

 

ӻȥˣ½ʵ 

 

ȥˡ 

 

 

 

׿գЦ⣬µĽ̵ۡüһĨֻÿؽš硯ʱŻеģһǰôҲţɽһ棬ֱۼһӵڻţǰŮӣȴͻأ 

 

£عܼҡͣ£ЦʧҲǺŭ£һҲ㣬ȥ 

 

ǡ·ɿƫݺݳԼˣӣûҲ밡˵Ķԣ̫ܿ,Ǳ 

 

ҹڵصĺˣİİĿ 

 

Ѱ˼˱Źصı 

 

ͷֻҪڱŹвһգ쳯ʵ۾ٲ˾ү 

 

һ仰 

 

˵ 

 

Ϊ֮ӽǣӱİóһµľӣϣϹ 

 

ӹһúܺá 

 

ǡ 

 

ϹҲҪˣߡľӵݻأø˵ظ˸ġ 

 

ǡ 

 

뿪߽һ˵˵ϹԼȴ˵ҸģشǺġ 

 

ǰ磬ϹҲûã͸㻹ծ꼱ˣϹõҩ 

 

ҲǷʲôǷˣҲϹ˵ģˣһǷš 

 

ҡͷ̾øˡ 

 

§סүﻹٶ鰡 

 

вҵġסһ˫֣ţͷĦţүǻһţúܺöԲԣ 

 

һţһͷϡ 

 

ү 

 

ɿ죬̾𡣡һһү̹ 

 

°ҧһڣã֮ǰû 

 

ۺˡɫҧüڣϱƻ£˼Ҫ˸ϱҵô 

 

ĪƵ£ǰһûϣһȫˣ 

 

Ҳ 

 

ظټǨƣƺƵʵ۳Ѳǧǰͷ󲻼β 

 

ΨһСڿţǰǰУعܼҺѾͷһ꣬Լʮ˾꣬ͭķɫǳÿ 

 

ʿڿ˰ɣȡˮݸ꣬ظ˿ 

 

Ž׵˿᲻Ū࣬ţ磬Һǽ𣿡ʲôҲǵã֪Լ˭֪ߵ˭ 

 

΢Цţҽ磬ʡ䲻׽ܣʮɼٲˡ 

 

ʶʱϲѣǲѪף 

 

ǡװŭĪˣͲˣ 

 

ǵġֻǲŮĽ㣬 

 

ڣʯŻ衣ζŨСֵһ˸Ȼһڣ豭һ 

 

ˣ𣿡Ʒɶ豭ڳ£ֱȡ 

 

ϲˮݸϻȾ 

 

ȷȣҲ㡣˳ֶеĲ裬ԼšƷɵۣҪŭæһ 

 

ˣ˳ƫҪߣΨһȥ 

 

ô棿ΨһŲ 

 

ΪҲհ׵İһΪүԱߡ 

 

Ψһס֣ƫǲãҲүԱߡ 

 

˳ĿһתһбãҾү 

 

ΨһԼղû뵽С˳䣬һ[ȣү] 

 

㵱үôҾͲ˵˳סĲӺø 

 

˾ͽ˳֪֪ߣƷŭ 

 

˳ЦţҡҰڣⲻ㳣ģҿѧġĲӾͿˣȴҳ 

 

ΨһҲӿŭץסקţȵ˵ˣү 

 

бקȥ 

 

˳˹ΨһС֣С˵û£үȣҲá 

 

ûУ˳ü 

 

Ʒȴʵţү˭Ҳֲ㣬ҹ 

 

Ҳ 

 

ƷͻȻ͵ؽ.˳ͷײڳ۵Ứֱӿ 

 

ƷɣҴǲǣյΨһһµȣռ˳æ𣬡壬 

 

ҲֽŲסյɫϣۿҪ 

 

˶ԴСִŭԸ˾ͽ˳ѵβΨһ 

 

ſңΨһ±д£үҪŪˡ 

 

ҪڣֵһˡƷɺ˳ͬʱռһһϡСַſΨһȥˡ 

 

ΨһֻôкǾ壡 

 

˳һȺƷһص˵ɲү㾸үƷɹȥ 

 

޴Ķſűӭ龰Щۣһ泵ȥҪһٺô 

 

ʹãʹȫƿѹϵˣӭͷסµƵæƣһʱվסɿ챧ס 

 

˺·˶ЦһȣȫȻǷѾܲȭţգۼʮƾƳ 

 

ӣƷɺ˳ӣǿʹܾٵ 

 

§סΨһСֻڻһҵĵˤڳãѹϡϰ߳ۺĺȡ 

 

ȺͰ׷ж֡ͻȻͣ£Ʒɡ˳ͬʱӳ£ãѹΨһСϡ 

 

ү΢ĺٿһ£ŭڣƣƷֱϵˡ 

 

ȺһһƫƷ磬ͦǹ֪Լ˺֣ϽƷ磬ãˤƷɡ˳ϡ 

 

Ҳڣ¡һ졭 

 

ү 

 

磡 

 

үѰ 

 

㻹Ÿʲô 

 

壡 

 

ͰƷɵĴ 

 

ǴӲԣ 

 

 

 

򣡴ѲˣժǵĹͷ 

 

ס죡Щ 

 

ԶԶأعܼһС֣ͯѵúÿţ㻹ҲҪ檡 

 

СͯͻȻУүװģүװڶ 

 

 

 

֪ĺģƺΣ޲Ӷ࣬檻١ 

ĪʾǣҼ˿ʤмƣγǧƣĪ 

Īʣϵιж塣 

֪Ѳ飬ʯ⣬Ѳɱȣʯ⡣ 





 

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 [ת]檷byѩѩ 


˵鷢˫ӭȢ֮ܲ

㽫λȢ˼ţҺġΪ˶飬һκ˫λ棬ʱǸտգ˾ƺ¥š

˸òڵӽУǵ·ƵƵĿƿŮŮ˸

塱

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Ƽ¥ϣ˳ĿĿŵĶǣֻ͵͵ΨһǾȻڡ

ৣȴ򿪣һӣס۾¥Ϸ

˵ˡƷɰκ˫һۡ

ˣ˳һӶԶԶƵС

衭ӡΨһ׷ܲܲ壬ġ

Բԣôأֲ̫ѽˣȺæǸ

ǵ̫죿߶ŰѸָȥˡ

£үġκ˫żΪСִŵ߹һӣˣ̲ܽϰ

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κ˫ԳԵҲޣóԵС˶һЩɣ

ȿȡ

ˡܲÿ˶ɡ

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ǽСȽе

û𣿡˳

УСǽʮ,ʮָɣԭϰִ䷽ͬĴζȫͬһҪһӣΪǮԵҲ࣬ƺ¥ĳҲʮ֪ܲλĿζ޵Ŀġ

ԵϡƷɳҪһ˿ǵֻҪβһء

áõġǵҪܳóһ̰

ǣʸ˵

Ⱥܡ۵ƺûŵ˼

ʲôҾͳʲôȺ

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