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ʮһʮ 

¯һȺ˼һɫȫʦǸйص᷶ʦʦ·˹޵£򡰿˹᷶˹һС˹ԼһЩְҵʦ˹˹︥·˹湫˾·˹ά˹ά˹ʮǳ졢ϵİʮ䡣һʦ˾ĳԱǼҹ˾һԱϽѲ΢˵ȫӢáԵɡˣλѧרҡ 
Խ˵ά˹Ӧдһ¼ά˹ɲôΪ֪̫ˡ 
Ȼѳʰ״̬ǰԾȫӢûκһ˵һܵͬеӡÿȷĻڳÿһ޲رͣϴ 
ǰ̸ǵ׶·ͥһ۵İǸıɱѺıÿ͡һȺæ跨˵ļ⡣ 
ԭ淸ˡһ֤ˡĴ󡪡ϵӦ˽һ˱淽ɳ֮ɪŮ֤ʴáĦܽʱֵúܺãתȷķȻľѳۣΪʱվǰŲǸŮ֤ʡġӲ֪ǻʲôȻһʲôκҲûа취ıǵ뷨ǸŮ˵Ĺʵ˭Ҳκǡҽѧ֤ȥЩ߳ɬĿѧЩѧļһĶЩ֤ˡǺߺ߹޷ֱ˵ػشǡ򡰲ǡ˵ĳЩ֮ǿܷȵ֮Ļ 
˵Ŀһһεضˣ̸ö϶һûһʱǶһֺʲôƵĸоһŵʼתά˹Ϊά˹һֱûзԡǵָоһȺȻڵصͬзյĸۡ 
ά˹αϣĲɵز۾һʱĳͻȻ̧ͷ 
˵ʲôʲô𣿡 
·˹˵ 
̸ĪǼӣ 
ţά˹˵롣 
һƬࡣ 
ά˹Ծɲ۾˵ҿĲʵʣֻǿ롣ʹĽ͵вʵʵĿȨġ 
ǵģȷˣ·˹˵ȴ¶ɻɫ 
ģά˹˵ɹ۵йءȻĸַɹ۵ȤǳȤԱĲþĻǵߵأеΪҲ̸ͬ˵ģĲǷɵǡˡ 
ÿ˱鶼е㾪㵡ڿǰʱֻΪ֤˵ĿŶȵȵȶѡûѺ˾ͬͥе 
֪࣬ά˹˼˵࣬ɫɫָ඼СЩͷԣûͷԵġԸأոǲϰǽŮжĳطȫǼУȫһҳĵʮһﱻ׶صһͥÿ˶ŸССĽɫĸ߳ıɱС 
ͣ΢ϥͷ 
ϲõ̽£˵ǣ֪ͷʹˣһͷıɱǣıɱǽβ֮ǰܾþͿʼˡʱǺüǰЩĳЩĳһĳһʱ䶼ۼĳһطԭ¼ǸСŮ֤˵ҪǳŮӶѣҲ߶ȥͶĪңΪ淽Ҫ֤ˡɪȡȥְһ¡ͿԿɪȾ۹ЩҪǸѲٶʮ˺ǻ˼ҵŮ⣬ҲѲߵô 
صͷ 
һжۺһص㡭Ȼʱһ棡ʱѵǵģȫһȺսʿһۺһ𣬵ȴġʱ 
ظ˵ȴġʱ 
Ȼ΢΢˸ٵ 
ڷ䣬¯һ㣬 
ά˹˵ֻǾúҷ߹һˣҸûؼȥˡ 
Ͱ΢΢ͷȻ󻺲߳ȥ 
һĳȻʦ·˹޵˵ά˹ˣ︥ʿ˵ͷԡǳͷԡˣˡ 
޵˵ʱܵز𡣡 
ԼǳСıأ·˹˵ 
ʱά˹Сĵؿƽȵġա˾صһļңһĵͰѵ¡ά˹߽鷿̿¯ĻȼšҾ鷿ĺͷΪ룬Ӳ¥ݡ 
ڻ¯ǰȡż 
Ȼھֲ˵Ļ 
ڡά˹ĳϷĳıɱСдһѪȵķС˵һһʿڻ¯ǰżʼд𡪡Ծһʱʱ 
һţĲɵؿš 
ͻȻıˡлصʵ 
찡ά˹˵ǽżˣģǷǳšôˣ⽫ıеļƻ 
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һʮһ 

ڲϵ΢ſתӣƺһ 
Ļʿİ칫վ߹һµͬʱƶһʵơ 
³˻عһʾл⡣ 
ǻʹ뷴״̬С 
ʱһжѳΪȥѽ˲ǣǿ±ðĹǸЩðŶҹĿẮ±ĻҲĸ 
Ҫǣǿһ͹ȥˡͶǱˮҲһ£Ȼһûһõ 
ʲôط۶ϣҽԺϣűԡɱδ족 
ģԼģ 
ҪɱɹǾͻϵذʧɱ 
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ǡù˼㣬겻ѣ̫̫ȥˡûйû飬ûǮơϣ˽ȻΨһеĽ֮ɣ 
ȻȴЦõĿླΪͼ˽Լװʥΰѵһ١ 
ñһȡ 
ʿٶȵߡ 
ᣬһͷ췢һźơеãȻ 
ʹ𣿡 
ʹ 
ҸҩԳԺ˯һ 
ˡ 
ǡ 
Ϊܲһʹ˯ž𣿡 
е߰΢΢һЦ 
ҽ˵ԳԵ㰲ҩ 
Ҳҽô˵ 
ӣͬʱһ֭ƽһ㡣е㲻˼˵Ǹô񡣡 
ޣûϵ 
ȫƢĸţеȡ޷͸ǲΪʿġĮסǸˡˡ 
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ǴĿ˵ȣȣɾͷǳˡ 
ԣʵԣҵ졣 
ƽ˵һͻеùЩ 
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ЩʿЩʿǸͲˣ 
֪ʲôã֪ 
ǽĵط㣬ҽԺȫ磬ϵظ棡֪ʲôԱáͼɱ֪ɣ 
ͷ 
Լ£ɱ˵£ܹˡǡù˼㣡 
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Ϊʲôԣ 
Իɵ۹⿴ԼûܵţԼĹ۸СԴ֮С 
⡪˵ɱǲµġϲϲ㶼üȥ 
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Ŷܵÿǵˣ𣿡 
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ЩѰɣ 
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ʿ˵ǶԵģ൱ԡ 
룬𣿿ҵĹִѼȴҶ˲ҵϰˡҵһ跨ҲĹ̫̫˿һ쵽ҲκιҵһˡúܺãͷءȴԽԽȥҿʼȾƣǹȾƲҵȾ˾񫡪ࡪҽԶûа취ԭˡֵزҲûʲôٻȥˣ򵥣ҲɾķһˣҵʱԼκ˶ûʲôϧġ 
Сʿ˵˵ 
ЦȽϺˡаĹִȤ 
ҵĺŮҶκʲôô 
˵˵ܻáһ졭 
һ죬ôһˡһһаա 
Ȼҡҡͷ 
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˫ӡһְ˵ 
һҿ赲סһƥ񱼶ӵһλСһǲţ 
ҡҡͷ˵ʮȴԴ뷨 
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λ췢СʿոһЩ˾С͸ 
ҲԼԼԤһһھҹһ·ϣһʹ֮ڲ 
ʮ 

ֻһˣһƬţΨһϵıֽһл졣 
ûб˿ֽдģУǼ۾ġΪдǸıɱƻ 
Щʱ֪ڿǿжЩʱ֪ӵҿ壬ͬʱﵽĿġ 
ǶдŵǴڵڶ״̬УǸ侲ϻۡ顣ֻһ뷨һĿġһˡΪ˴ĿģֽܵļƻÿżԡÿԶǵ·ǵȱɡƻͬеĺüƻһһɲģĳЩ׶ĳЩͨжɹѡȡǸ飬˽ΪԤԤ׼Ѿץܵ˹ʱ䡢ص㡢󡭡 
̧ͷдõļƻϸؿһ顣ţһ 
һĨ΢Цӹӣǲ̫ȫ΢Цһ 
ԼģǸǳµ׾Ʒ 
ţһжѼƻˡÿ˵ķӦԤ⡢ùÿ˵ƶ񶼼ϣͬʱһһаĿġ 
Ȼ¾㱸ֻǷ硭 
дƻ΢Цдһڡµĳһ졣 
ȻһЦֽű˺÷飬Ƭȼյ¯ÿһСƬյþ⡣ƻֻڼƻߵ 

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Ӷ쳤ϡ°һҰӡϸһ̫̫ոպύšޱ飬ΪϴͲκα顣ľһ̡;ãҾĳһ˵̵ӡ󡣰Ӷ쳤һͲɫȷǸɫˣĳЩʣȴǿҸоʡ 
ҼֱţӴţάǣ 
άǰӶ쳤Сһʮ꣬ͶʯһѧУ 
ѧУУСдġһססΪԲšдһѧУһֱΪһЩСС͵԰ţڳ壬άǡѾйС뾡һͷˣáһ־桱 
Ӷ쳤ۺţڴ˵½ 
վƹ˵õģװģµġ 
ο̫̫һȻŶȥ 
磬Ӷ쳤ƽȵڰСִĸһ˫ľͷƵĴָϥͷϣŰС㣬ƽʮľࡣ 
СǷǳɹһУ֮иԡиԣ翪ʱĹɽִһЩ 
ķУĴÿһɫĻƿˮɻһͷӡһϣķƷִǰƷǽϹոǰĻһ֮УŰС㱾ˣɫţһļе˸еһֻʵĻҹľƬһԿ峺ۡ 
Ҫǣö˵±ƴǵ۵÷ŮάǱҪġҪǡմκ۵㡣κҪ֣ǳǳСģǱҳЩСС͵ΪĻԭҲԱɣ˶Ŀã֪һҪͷԸ϶ҵǱǳСĴȵԵʡöάǱǳǳСġظһ²ĻԭǷǳҪһ¡ 
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СٴǿҪСġҪһҪ˳СŮĵжԡ 
Ӷ쳤û¶ͷı顣ֻǲκα飬һƽס 
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ӵͷ 
ǵģǵġֻ֪ôġ 
ŶŮĶߵ²ӡټе˸ЩʵͬʱҾع۲ǵάǵıҵע⡣ı߲ѡҡҵʱ֪˭øҲʣԼϡΪһСС顪顣 
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ΪŮֻһұҪұؾ¡ 
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ǰ𡤰ɭ˹ 
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𡣡 
һװģΪǵӣڷͥϼ侲ӣҲǸС͵Լй² 
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ˣӶ쳤һֳֻ뷽ֱۣͬʱ˵ϲƽӹο㲻õġЩҪǵġǵģҪǵġ룬롣ҲΪ֮⻹ʲôá 

ʮ 

άʷ¹ͷϡ 
Ǹÿͨٻһεȴ󲿷ֵ´ȡ 
άʷ¥ʰ¡Űɫ˶㣬ֱЮİġ 
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еŹ֣ŷ˵ 
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ͻȻЦ˵ 
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¶ʮ 

ʿҧ̶Ƕŷɵ˫æװżĿתũ԰δµУ⿴Ϥ 
ٶȻصӢһеֵֹġ 
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ܾˡ治֪ǲѾȫͬˡ 
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ʮ 

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˵ٵף 
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ҵļپôˣӶ쳤ᷳ˵ 
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ҿȽпץȥ참 
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ޣðɣӴ̫˵Ҳãǽ˸еʧ 
ҪǵģӶ쳤ϵص 
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䶼ˡءϡһԡʿע⵽ǸüʻֽɣСıܳͬʱ롢λжܺá 
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ģʿ⡣е㼬֡һİһ߸˵ǾҪġ 
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ûκĲƽĵطޣҲȫ˼иоʲôܲԾôعƽ˸е̫ʱһƽ̬֮ǲǰʲôҲʱָоŷǳǿҵĸ顣Ҳʲôĸ飡ȷʵеһʲôҸеġĸеӰ쵽ÿڡÿ˶е񾭽šֲ֪ʲôʱʿҸе¡ 
е£ɵеŵһЦ񡭡 
ǻơҸոյ˼ǴҶáԳ嵭աˡ 
ǵĳӻһ䡣ŸᵡڸӺһʯߵϡ඼Ƕ͵Ķ¡԰ڷӵ⡪ġ·ľͷӵ 
˵ 
Ұѳӿʿлк㡣 
͹ʿмһ˵ظʿк 
ܸ˼㣬ô겻ˡҲܸ˼㡣˯ᣬԵ԰ȥҶȵȥ 
ʿҡҡͷԽߵͥԺ̨ĴǰվǶһû˷ֵ 
̨ϽеӰŮˡһڻĽһ 
һλǰµ򡪡һλ֪һǿʷ֪ڿϱ¶šʿҲǸŮ˹۲΢ˣóʷǳϲµ 
ڰµźƺ֪һŮĮȻ֮ 
ʿûµʷˡϸоҪˣôˣ 
ǱˣΪЩ԰Щ忴һƮĸо֮⻹У˵ĸı䡣ÿһ̶Լľšʱʱע顣룬һܵˣǣʲôܣԹȥзϵ֪һЩ׼ıʧСȻȴôһ¡һסСӣʱעⱣסŵܡ 
Ȼ۹һŮˡǡάʷ̫̫ŮǺŷ˵ûǸΣյŮˡ룺ŵҿɲµ򡭡 
ȻΪʲôάǰޣһжѾΪȥˡµѾǺ޹ϸ 
̨ϴŲάݽǱ߹㣬һŻ 
Ƿݻ˵Ҳġ 
Ȼһֲͬʱ 
˵ޣãҡµ򼸺ĲɣͷҲص 
άŮ֮䣬ϳһεı顣֮ǰɤеЪ˹˵ 
Ҫңңά 
µʷתͷһջȥ֣ص˵ 
ޣǸΪڸҽά 
ʿϿάʷĲһǺ죬ǰƶѻݸ˰µ 
ţε̬֣˵ 
ޣǡ 
һƣվתĴȥܿһͷײ 
ŵһţǸʱΪʲôûгˮһ-ŭˮ롣 
ι˵˭ޣˣǻģ 
ǵģʿ˵Ǵǻġ 
Һ޲ǣ˵ʲôطãⱰɵķӣÿһˣ 
ּĳһʿܾСĵעſͬʱŵص˵ 
š 
ҪǲСһ㣬˵ҿҪɱˣɱάͷֻè 
첽ӹԣ˳ȥ顱һš 
ʿϴ̫֪ȥҪʲôܸʷ̫ˣվſȱݺݹϵšֻĸϻµʷ̫̫ 
Ŵһάʷͣڷʽشǰĺе졣 
ظʿк 
ޡһһˣϣ֪ˡˣûп̫̫ 
Լһǰȥһ˵ 
άӿ˳ȥıա 
ʿ߳Ĵš·ĽŲءµֱߵԼŻعͷ 
ȻǶԴ۾Բſӻǽϻ˫ӭ 
ޣʿ˵װʿôѾˡ 
סѩ׵һֻС֣ͷʱŷ˷ʽشǰ̨ϵˣͣס˽ŲһӣȻתӣ߻ȥ 


2

άֿ¥ϵеһ˫˷Ǵ˯Ǽ䣬õķһ򶼱һС׷׷ңһͨһСԡҡ 
άԼң̫̫ȫڴϡ̧۰߰ߵߵشУ 
ˣҲʱˣ 
ֵĵôһ£ǲǷˣ 
άƽ˵ıһۣʾڿסԼŭ 
ΪʲôǷݻǸң 
ǵģ㻹Сӣ󳳴ֵľΪǿɶĻ 
Ǹңִظ˵ 
Ϊʲôʲôϵ 
˵йϵ 
Ҳ֪ʲôëڱ˵ļɲֵܱЪ˹㲻֪ڱǰô 
Ϊʲô˰µ򣿡 
ΪҪ 
ҲҪ̫̫ 
ôһ˵͸ɸˣΪͽϴ󣬶ˡ 
ңҶˡվǱߣ 
㽲þǸʵɵһķϣһ㣬ڱǰֵһ㣡 
һ 
ά˵ 
ôµֵܱŮᵱڳ󡣡 
㷴ԣңڱҡ 
ţ㲻Ҫ˺ܹˣ 
ô뿪ߡʹط 
ǲ졣 
Ѿ൱ˣ߰ɣά 
ţѾܹҪڣҾҪڡ 
Ҫ˵ڡ㻹İµΪüˣ 
ҲΪüˡΪǸܺúʴȵˣҿǺ޶һֵüΪ嶡 
ɾʹˣ˵ӴվŭѾʧһ侲˵ 
µûԭ㣬άοע㡪Ҳ֪ʲôе㡪ֲκ֪Щʲôˡ 
ϧά˵˲ˡ 
ɫʮֲҰס 
⻰ǳ˵ģˡ 
⡪ֵòôԼһʹϱ˳Լ󻹲ҪҲų󣡡 
ûʲôҪ˵ģ 
䡣 
ͬ˵ 
ҪΪⲻƽֻ˵ǸǲݷϵʵСӲ˶١ 
ƢҿơˣԶʿҲκθ顣ֻһ㡪Ѫ㣡Ϊʲô㲻żййΪʲô㲻ҴУʹʹһ٣ʮ˲ȥ 
ά̾һ˫紹䡣 
ޣϵۣ˵ 
תȥ 


3

㿴ʮʱһʿϣ˵һèͷӥ࣬ǰһ̫˵Ϊʲô 
ʿ˵ 
Ҳ֪û˵֡ 
ǵ𰲡ǵ𰲷ǳͷͷǵ 
Ҳԭǰ˵Ļø 
ǵ𰲣ôΪ 
ʿͷ 
˸ı仰⡣ټʿͨϲһμһÿ͡Ų۶עܼС 
ѾʮĸСʱˣ˵ǵġʲôҪװɵˡǹġ֪˵ʲô˼ҵݶ֮µǹϵ 
ʿС˵ 
еĦ 
Цеаš 
ʵ˵ʿҵеԵ֡鷢ԸʵҼԤάִܹҪһ𡪡ʳ 
ʿ϶˶ӡ 
˵ 
˵˵˽˵ 
벻ʷˡ 
˵ȤΪҵʱĸоάĸԲϡά󲿷һͨǾܿκολĳ档һⲻ⡪ǣǣҾͲ֪˭ˡͣһ£Ȼ΢΢˵ǰµɣ 
ʿܿ˵ǰµ򡣡 
ҼǸҵŮ˿⡣Ǹ̾ΪֹŮԱ֪Ҽеѹ 
㲻ôϲɣ 
ôϲҿǸͷԿտաȱȵˣ˵ģĿʼѹһֻƻµĴӣäĿ޼ƿʩƢ̬ȲӰش³άá 
ʿƽ˵ 
ǰµ򡣡 
۹һۡ 
һֱŰµ򣬲 
Ļش൱š 
ǵġ 
Сʱʼ 
ͷ 
ά֣ߣ 
Ųӡ 
ޣ⡪һ֪ûлᡣ 
ʧߣ˵ 
ƷζĹ 
ű 
õʿµҵĸо 
ʵʿ˵ǳưɣ 
⻰ͯļ䣬΢΢Ц 
֣Һüû˼ˡ 
ڿܶкô˵ 
΢ӭĿ⡣ 
ʵ˵κйµ˿͵Ʒԡһʵףʱǻõģʿ 
ʿϵͷȥָŪ̶ 
⣬˵һؼϣ 


4

ǿɶˣŷ˵ 
͹ʿв߽ʱʷɪ̫̫ɫôôѿ 
Ǻòˣʵʿ˵ҿʾԼĹ۸еĻһ˵ҿһк񶼱⡪㶮ҵ˼ɣ 
ʷɪƺ˼˹ʿм˵ȥ 
ǶڷʱŷС˵ǿɶˣ仰Ҳһ뵽һѱʦһȺҰ޹ؽȻһءͻȻеǶһݽ 
ѽʿʷɪ˵һǳԻʲô 
ҵ⡣ÿ˶ġղǰš顮һʷ̫̫ǵʷ̫̫µС㡪ǹһУĬó档ǶǳŹ֡ͻȻ֮䣬ÿ˶ҽһȻͬʱƳĬ뵽ʲôͽʲô 
κ˸еѿˣʷɪ˵ʷ̫̫ͬʱһҵĸǣⲻš 
ڲһιʿĳĬ 
ŷһת˵ 
ҪѣĪԷ 
ޣã˵ 
ά˵ 
Ī 
סڶͷùݣ˵ 
ά˵ 
ǿһ쵽Ǳȥһɴǵʲôʱ򣿡 
ҹһ룬˵ 
ǱϿ𣿡ǱסĴ󲿷ֶЩͷ˵ 
˵ɲô棬άԿ˵ 
ܿ˵ 
ǿһ쵽ͷȥӾ൱ůͣǱߵɳ̲ܿɰ 
ʿϵ԰µ˵ 
ȥȥȥ 
ȥ 
ǿһά˵ 
Ϊ˵Ҫȥ߶򣬡˵ 
Ҫȥ߶򳡡Ǳ߳˳󣬴͸ˡ 
Ǳң˵ 
ά˵ 
߶ֱҵ˶ 
ʿ򲻴߶ 
򡪡ٴһ㡣 
ά˵ 
ҪǶ໨һ㹦÷ǳáİڶȻ 
԰µ˵ 
㲻κ˶ɣ 
áҶٴ򡪡Ǹܲ˶Ա 
㻹𣬰µ򣿡ʿʡҡҡͷ 
ڲˡ 
ǰúܲά˵ 
Ϊ㲻ϲ֣ά˵Ҳ֣ά˵ְµôСô˶סµ³ĵ棬֡е죬ܿ˵ҵСָܳаôһ˽˵Ҫ㲻˽Сָ̡ܶ 
𣿡ŷ˵ôһ˽ҵСָ൱̡ 
Ƿǳ˽ʿ˼ؿ˵ 
ͬʱܿؼ˵ 
֮˭˽ȱСָͷҵı̣ʿıҶ̡ 
Ӯά˵һֻ֡ 
ֻһֶֻѣ˵ֵСָǶֵ̣СָͳöˡִģֲΪġʾ˽ʱƣԽԽ˽ˡ 
𣬿ŷʡһֻ֣Ƴϡиĸ߹ңһɷӡҵüӼˣ 
˵ 
ЩССĽƲӣǴǱʾΡ 
Ҳܣŷ˵ 
ʿ 
㳣𣿡 
ûȥ 
źζ 
ȥ𣿡 
벻ˡ 
ٻػһֱ̺һϸˡ侲Խʣ 
סһܾ𣿡 
ʮˡҸȥҾˡ̱ڴϺüȥ 
Ȼشеʵ˵ 
ҽʮꡣ֪ģ𣿡 
ҵȷ룬˵ܡж֪ 
еģɣ 
ҲǣҲǸ˼ 
۹ⲢûƿϣеΡעӲ˸еԱϡȤעӡ۹ͣͷϣ׷ 
⣬˵ҺСʱˡ 
ϲʿϼ˵˵ 
е˵ˣ˰ɣô 
ɫһ󷺺졣 
ޣ㿴ûò롪ʲôˡ 
УҴվ˵Űµֱʱ˵ 
ά˹Ҳ 
˭άʡ 
·˹޵½ġһλϲʿסڡ͢ùݡ˥飬ܶܺãʶܶȤǸִҵʦǸߵȷԺ绤ʦˡ 
ÿ˶ϵÿ£˵ 
վһ߽ŵ¡ʿǸ򿴣κеĶһȤעӡ 
ͻȻΪǿҡһһɫĿµ򣬲԰סͣɫ· 
أ΢΢һЦ˵ 
õͰѩ 
ʲôһԵŷ˵ 
ظ˵һ顣ǹϵɹ£֪ 
ŷ˵ 
ǳǡ 


5

ά˹͵еһѾƣǳõľơ͵ĲҲܺãǳȻ˸֮ദǢ 
ŮԲڴﻹúܺá 
źǺѾʱŮʿǶûлر˳ϲʽĹءЩԼһס 
ĿάʷĿ̫̫ϡ 
˷ͷ˸ҫۡһԣ̩¡Ī໬ͷΪеʮ㣬 
⿴Ļûľ󣬾ʹά˹һϹͷȻ 
ᡪûʲôܱȵᣡ 
ѹɷĻͷ뿪ǰޡµһԡζŮˣŮ͡ά˹ľŮ˻һɲ⵽ˡ 
ͷĲ̡ǲΪ̬ƺĳζά˹һϸؿһͷס£㷢ϱǰСԵøˡ 
ʶ˱䶯еԾشӸ˳˼תҴվ 
ڿʷֱһƬ 
ŷǸضά˹˵ 
һϲʿ֡ 
ûе£ά˹׵˵ 
һǿԴƣ飬ڻܿΪ֪˵Ÿһġ 
̫ˡ˴û¥ 
ûУǰǲװ˵ݡԼ˭ȥ̸˭ȥټһ 
˵úãŷС㡣Ǹеֻζ 
ڿ룬貽 
˵ 
Ųά 
Ļ϶š˸ԣӣ 
άӵƶӣȻһת̩¡Ī 
ɣ̩£衣 
̩µֱӵšҡţ貽ϵʮȫʮݵʮ־ɡ 
ά˹˵ 
൱ɡ 
ŷеηȻά˹ȻֻǳԵͣ⡣ǵϱĲɣʲô 
άվԥһ£Ȼվڴߵİµȥ 
ɣ򣿡 
ʽ䵭˸еֻǳòµʷԥһ£Ȼͷƽһ 
ŷά˹˼䣬ά˹ûлӦڴ֮ǰһֱûļӦԵ塪֪²Ż̫ڹߣעŶһվڿһͷʿϡ 
ά˹еԾ˵ 
ǸװŮʿո˵ʲô 
ûʲôֻõòѰ 
ŶȷǡȱˮùǱߵ˸ҡ 
ϣǱסûɣ 
ŶǵģȻҵ˵ҸеգҸյʱ֡ 
ά˹ж 
µάǸȻЦ˵ 
̫ˡ 
ųشȥ߳ȥ̨ϡ 
ޣȥ׷Ɀ˵ֻԼõ⻰Ѵ㹻ά˹عͷ㵵ע 
ҰĽˣ˵ĺܽôٶۡ 
ʷ 
ޣά˵ʿϡ 
ʿ׼һάͣһºŰµ߳ȥ 
ά˹۾һڴϣ˼ʲôȻעתصһϡ 
ġĪ˵֣ 
ǵģ»Ī 
ǵģ»ĪҲ£ʷ̫̫Ѱɣ 
ǵġ 
λǳʿʲô 
ŶҲġ 
ά˹˵һʾ˴ŵ֡˵סڶͷùݣܷ㣬ά˹˵ 
һֳ˵ͷеȤͷӵĽǶءַ;ͱȽϲôעĿˣȷʵǲѰͣһ£ȻԵóؼ˵ȥϴҿͷεΪһ鱦̱ʮۡ 
ܲ˵ 
ǣȻǣά˹˵ȫˡҾûбĿ˵˼ֻ˵һݶﷸǷǳˡŵˡŹ֣ȴʵ 
Ͱض΢Ц˵֪ά˹е㡣 
˵װŮʿ 
е㡣ǡôһǳĹ۲ߡ 
ҵ˫ۣά˹˵һĺáͣһ£Ȼ˵⵽һңһʱҲ˵ 
ôܻǲң 
ά˹ɵҡҡͷ 
ʱ˻ᱻڵεĵλϡȷж벢׾ġ 
ʿſ̽ 
͸ʦÿһʿȥȻָʾ֮£ѿ̷һŰϣ뿪˿ 
̩µļͷ̽ͷ˵һٺȡ 
˵ҰѰµĶ˳ȥ 
ӣ򷨹ʽشšά˹ſͣʱļͷȥ 
µڻһǡ¹£ֳɫʵ°°ͺ촽ɰͷ­Сͦεıʹµʷˣǻһ޹ءǹǼܱϴĽƬ·ǿ¹ɵЧ÷ǳƽάʷվ￴ 
ά߽һ 
µ򣬡˵㡪 
ƣȻһ䣺 
ޣҵĶһǸˡ 
ҿ-- 
ͬʱӣΡŤ---һ𡣰µά 
һ¡ҵۡͷˣҪ 
վ൱ƽŪۡ 
ءҵͷεˡǱֱŵģһ㣬ά 
ԲҡҺǱֱŵġ 
¹㹻Թ۵˿µģάæŽ⿪סһ絭ɫͷ˫ڲš 
ȻµԼҲڲͻȻ÷һ 
ŷһƽĻһ 
Բ𡪡 
ʿԽ˳ȥ 
ʷʡ 
άվֱӣͰµֿ 
ˣѾ⿪ˡ 
άе԰ס 
ˣʿ԰µ˵ȥȱȰɡ 
߻ȥάתź 
Ҫ˳ȥ㣬˵ǽȵĺá 
ǵģµ˵һǽȥĺá 
Ƕص̩ºͿѾ衣 
һһźݸߵĸ߽˵ 
⣬ά˹ 


6

ϲɫؽӼά˹ 
ܿش򿪻ϻӣͶزͣ˵վºһЩ˴˶ʶѡ 
Сʱ֮̾һ 
˵ˣûʲô졢̸̸ȥĳ¸˸ˡ 
ż̸̸һ뾭ѵ£ά˹ͬ˵ҲһЩȤ 
ˣ˵⡮ǹϵʲô룿 
ά˹ذڳס 
ʲôǹϵ 
˵ûע⵽ά̫̫ 
ޣǸڵʷ̫̫һǳŮˡ 
µҲǣ˵ 
ά˹ϣ 
ǵġ 
˴˵ 
˼˽һΪˡΪ˿뿪µ򡪡һһƷŮˣ 
ά˹ƽػش 
ȫ˽⡣⾭ 
˶ġһܿ˿Һôôɵ 
ҲǾ¡ͻļά˹ǳ侲˵ܳ־õġ 
ôôʡ 
ͨά˹˵˫Լǵڶ顣ȻȢߡĳԾͬĵŮˡ 
ƣάֲĦŽͽһЩͻǣ 
żһҲٽ顣 
ҡҡͷ 
ǲܣµĴǿˡ 
Ϊ 
ҲֻΪȷš㲻Ҫҡͷˣ 
ҵľ飬ά˹˵һǣ£Ů˱νϲϣʹҲ΢΢ϳϣʵжȴֲȻ 
㲻˽µάҲǰ̫ˣΪǸŮȥ֮󣨾ȫǸŮ׷ᣬ֪ʲôģʹټ 
ά˹һ 
Ȼ˵ 
ޣ⣬յ˵ҲЩִ뷨µֻҪʾںʾⲢûʲôϵ 
ܿܣά˹°͡ȻԼ롣 
˵˵ΪȻĽάҡޣҲţ 
пܣά˹˵ 
ɣ˵ҵﲻ¡ 
Ѿеˣ𣿡ά˹ʡƽšѾоŵա 
ԭҲоˣԴ˵ 
ţұϣҸе˫Ȼʣҿлҩζڡʱܱ 
ҪˣҸô죬˵ 
ά˹˫֡ģҲ֪ν顣ҸеиڡҪܰͺˡǻ̫ʡ 
ҲҪµȥ˵ҵĹ۲죬ڷǳĴбֵʮȫʮһֱеòΪΪûʲôѵġ 
ޣȷά˹˵ȷάʷ˺ܿɹ۵á 
ά˵ֵòãһ̸̸ûа취ߡӰ㿴 
֪ 
̾һԽϵͳ˵ 
֪ˮģ 
֪ 
ܶ˶еȣһֱеҸӶټĵطһеµİ˶٣ȻϣҲþͿȥҵĽʼʱǿҺǲ˶೤١Բȴˡ߷ߵ޴ͷ˵ 
ҿɲҿԸ㣡һֱϣҪͿˡϣ桪ǸеһֱԹģǵëȻرҳܲʹ衣ԽԽһԽԽˣ 
ĶǷǳҳϵˣȷšиʵŮͰɣ 
أǸҵһο壡һ׺ϸˣĹҺüˡ 
Ҹ˵ŷСˡ 
ˡ 
ݣ 
һԶáһһӶΪԼˡ̷סһǿÿ¡ȥסһҾ͸лϲԡ㲻֪󲿷ֵİж£ζ˵öǵ޴ֱ˸Ʒ衣ΪʲôԲӡõ֪ʶŮ̫ˡһͷԡ˵ͷԡȺ㷺̸̸Ҳһʮȫʮÿ˶߸˵ġų˸ʵķ׶ˡҲ֪õʲôǻַ 
ܾˣ 
ʮˡֻʮꡣʮꡪʮꡪŰɡҵһο塣 
ά˹ͷ 
˰ͻȻ˵ 
ôڵʲô 
С飬ά˹˵ֻС顣۾ 
ϲоˣ˵һʲôϾ֪̾һȻ󿿻ͷϡҵøˡʺһ˿˸еʧ񣬡ҺˡһȤпҡ 
Ȼô˵ģһûߣֻϣû̸̫ˡ 
ޣûСǻͻȻе֮ۡǰ½塣 
ά˹صβһʽ 
治򵥣϶ 
˵ҵ壬šҲõ塣ǳëͰͣⶫʹӲʧ顣ͨ¥ϰصķ͵ĴϡһϹûҾһΡ 
ά˹߳ʱٶ𣬾ͷĳطş̌ͷ컨ϵߡ 
شҴ¥Ů˵ķȥ 
ά˹Сݲãһһ¥ 
ϳĪĳݡִҶۼڿŷƣά˹ܣ˵ܿ͵ûȥˡ 
סùݣ˵ʽġǲϣ˹ʮŻȥ 
ڻһһʮѣά˵ܲͷȥɣ 
ޣ⵹ᡣʵһûŵ͹ţûһתͿ߽ȥˡ˺ǳ㣬αǶԵġ 
쵱Ȼûţ˵ǵŰ춼šϾˡ 
͢ʲôùݣ̩¡ĪʣǴֵֹάʱ 
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ǿѺĵڶˣά˵ϣץˡ 
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Ȼ˵Ϊǻҵ֤ݵġ 
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֪һ¡֪еķκβǸֵˡ֪ܵͷôΪԼȥִȷġ 
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ʿ΢΢һЦǳ΢Ц 
Ҳͬ⣬˵һӦñҲںΣ 
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ʿԾ΢Ц˵ȻһСġʵ˲òˣֶΡ 
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йһСӡҲӵԱʵ£湭֮һһҪˡͥٿҴǸȫһҵӣͥϵģԲҵ¼˽ᡣ 
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һź¼֪һ档鷢֮ǰãиũǡֳһС·š͸ֵļ϶ע⵽һСϰ 
ͣϸ˼˼ 
˼ǣŷŵ˵ǲ⡪ģ 
Ҳ֪ά˹˵һֱ֪ͥϼ¼СӲùäĿһͨ 
ʵϲˣ 
һС˵ȷʵˣ 
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ʲôû׶ԲԣһֱȷϵӵĽãһС˵ɴһΣӦðѶСӵĻĽ͡ 
µ˵ 
ԼǸģ 
ά˹ص˵ 
˵ĿΪǷǳıɱһСǰϸƻıɱ 
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𣿡 
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ѾǺܾǰˣλСߵκεطҶϵó 
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ʿɼմά˹Īأ 
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һֱվڴűߣ¹µ̨ӹԣߵţѸҡҡͷתص 
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лл㣬ĪҺܸ㻤͡ 
ά˹ҪȥԸȴ񲻻Ųæϸϸžƣʿ̽ѯǱߵ 
ϵĻشǳ̡ҪЩճ¾ͺʲôشһһѡԼУԷĻشʻ 
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ͻȻ쾪˵ҲһˡҴһЩҪĳƬͷȥ콻ϣ 
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룬ʷ̫̫Ѱɣʦ˵ 
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ޣ൱˽˼Լǰµʷ̫̫ѣ𣿡 
ʿϻذ˿װ̶ͷԼ˫ֵĶеǰѻ˵ 
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Ϻ˵š 
ʷ̫̫ͬʱһеѿɣ 
ޣǡǵģе㡣 
ԭȵʷ̫̫˵ 
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ά˹ǰȻ˳ 
Ϊʲô 
⡪ǡʵ壬ϲܾ 
ܾ˭ 
ΪѵŲӡ 
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Ҫάʷ̫̫ͬʱҲʿγϵĲŵζ 
һ㣬άԼҪġ 
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ϲŲӡܿԷ۹⣬ش 
 
أά˹˵ 
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˾еΣά˹˵ 
ޣ⣬ʱµǻʿ˵ 
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ܻ˭ 
ά˹̾һ 
кöĵѡǼ˰һЩ˵жжΪάʷӷʽشǱ߿粽ڴͬʱ̩¡ĪǵŽ 
ˣ̩£õʲôάʡ 
ƬҪҴġ 
ޣûңֶ֮ݵĽ֣ȻάžƵļӣԼһʿɼմƲ֣ء 
ά˹˵άǡ˵ļһκҪˡȻڴʱȴһҲǸֵˡ 
ʿά֮ƺе˵Ѿ뿪ҽŲеҴ٣ͬһ㡣 
һά˹¾Ʊò˵ǳнԡ 
нԣάüͷ΢΢˵ 
õйǵ֪ʶ̩Цʾ˵ҪӳĬԵʿʳʲôࡣ 
صļһϣά˵һֱӡֻ˳ǿµ̶ţż߹һһèͷӥһĴࡣ 
Ҳö࣬ά˹˵ĸˡ 
пˣάλʿʱ˵ܿġӴ١˺ܺã𣿡 
ţȷһλǳмԵĽ̸ҡ 
ά˹ǳϸشϴ£ΧΧٴε̩֮¡Īһȥ 
͢ùʵֻһ⣬һ·ĹսǴһϡɢʽֵǰվ¹һ׽ʸ֡ 
̩¡ĪҪȥĶɿڻҪ·ںӵխ 
ά˹ùſͣ֡ 
ĪҪܾ𣿡 
̩Ц¶׵ݡ 
Ҫζά˹һûʱеġ 
ԡԣҲǡʱ´󲿷ֵһµľǸеģҿ㱣֤б¡ 
˵ 
̩¡Ī죬ĳЩζĳЩ˵ζ 
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һƬס¹⣬ֵԵ÷ǳںڰУһӰǡ 
ʿϡ 
ֻǵɿȥɢɢ˵Ϊҧס̶ 
סùݣά˹㱻ͷȥˡ 
ޣҲΪά˹˵ 
ת޴ͭŰѣӦ 
ȥ˵ 
˽ùݴֻһյţһƬ谵ûмκˣһζɳе࣬˱ǵļҾζ 
ͻȻά˹ŵؾһ 
ǰĵݵһʾƣ 
 
 ݹ  
 
찡ά˹˵ǿաҵô¥ݡ 
⣬˵ûõĵݡ֮רõݣ 
ûС;㷺Ŷҵֻˡλ 
Ͽ¥ݡϺĪ߳ȥĽֵϡ 
һĬȻͻȻ˵ 
ˣ 
 
á 
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ƺ¶ٶԡһƬɫĹС 
һŷ˵ 
Ͱµڶͷù׳۵Ľ·̲ϡµŰɫӾװһ߾ϸûˮӾǲԶţ¶ͭɫ̫֫ 
ˮˣѵ˵ 
ޣˣ˵ 
Ӣ䣬˵ôϣڷϲǶů͡ 
̩¡Īȥһĵط˵ 
̫̫ 
㶼ˮĪʵ 
Ц 
̩´Ӳˮֻһɹ̫ 
һȣýֺ 
߰ɣˡ 
һɳ̲߶ 
棨ֺеˣһıе㲻ңŷǵıӰ˵ 
Ϊ𣿡µʵ 
ŷüͷ 
ô൱ѱĶҿɲΪѱ 
ţµ˼˵ҲôΪ 
һôÿȥһ˵е䣬𣿡 
ǡ 
ϲͬ˵ҿһ¡̸Ҳһǿϧ 
ͣ 
µԴ˵ 
ϧʲô 
˵ 
˵άʶϧ 
µȻֱӡνġµ֡Ѹ˵ 
Բ𣬰µ治˵ 
Һܲ롪̸飬㲻Ļ 
ȻȻ汿ҡϣѾˣ롣 
µתͷƽޱ˵ 
ҿ㱣֤ûʲôððġҡҶǼº޸оϣϣάԶǳֵһ𣬡 
ĳǺãµ򡣡 
ⲻĳã⡪ֻʵȷʵΪһֱŹȥûкôġ֡ǽ裬˵ЩûʲôôһжѾΪȥˡαؾ᣿ǵüȥʵ 
룬˵̩Ҹе˷ܣΪŶǸôزͬ 
ţǲͬ 
ͻȻɬ˵ҲһЩҲԶᾭ֪һֱ֡ǳ֡ҽסеʹҲȡŶʲôûеĺáһУ 
ص˵ĸ֡ 
µֻ۾Եе㾪㵡 
Ҵû뵽ָо 
û뵽𣿡ŷǸȻЦޣֻһʱĲװģҲĵġ 
˵ܺȤµ򻺻˵ֻסǸ׵ˡ鱨ˣû뿪ݼٹ 
ҳԵúãס˵Ů˶첻ңģµ൱㡣СĴ¶һʱ΢Ц˽˵ǲ 
ܵĹµҲ΢Цʵ 
ޣҼƻһЩ飬ѣҵԺ֪ʱϲʵ顪ʵ顣ֻ֪뿴һܲܽҵԸӦ 
ŰˣҶ˽Ƕô٣ 
ޣûʲôֻǺƵСС֣ 
µʵ 
ûʵ 
ûСΨһһֱе൱Ԥϵˡ֪ҴӲ֪Щʲô 
µص˵Ҳá 
˸ 
ˡ 
šȥ·ϾǾ졣 
ŷŲˡˮ¡˫ۣ̯֫ɳ̲ϡ 
ùݳԹɿڵ͡ȻѾȥùݿ˻൱ࡣһȺֹ֡ɫɫǡޣһ죬һһһĵͬʱҲһֽѣֽŸУڡŸᵡֵĽաǲǰµĴά 
̩¡ĪȻ˼ 
ѿôʵ 
̩¼Եػش 
ķ˽ȥˡ 
ĻĳζֱӡһƬɳ̲άͿźˮɳ̲νӴšȻٵԵһۡ 
һֱӹס֣Σա׶ȿһᡢ˺顣룺 
ϿİȻά֣ 
˵ 
ϣ졣 
Ǿ׵Ļŷ˵Щ֮Ļԡš׶ȴšƵζ̩¡ĪԴ˷Ӧ 
Ҳκεطһ죡 
˵ 
Һѹ 
һ㶼ںǸˡʲôʲôϵ 
תͷλʹࡢӢˡ 
ӵ۹ؿ 
ʲôƵĻ˵ף㲻ϲǡ 
һЦָϲǣ 
˼˵ 
룬֪ҵȷָȻ˰̫鶼ȻġӦøǫһ㡣ǵģû뵽᲻ϲǣһֱеܻӭ㵱ѿ 
ǵġѿ 
仰ÿٶһж⡣ 
Ͽҵ˵ 
ϣҡϣΪʲô㲻ϲǣôʲôԣ 
̩¡Īص˵ 
Ϊǣ 
Ϊǣ޺˵˼ָء 
ţ˵֪ǿָо 
ǾǰһõΪȻǿ֣߸ϣԼһ˸ǰһ˿Ƕһ 
Һѹ˵ 
˵ʵ𣿡 
ôǡҲ޴֪˼伲ࡪǺ޶⡣ϿԼ¾νĸࡢǳΪǵˡ֪ģҹ൱ԡôһ˵͸еǳѹΪ㲻֣ϣܰæ 
⡪á 
һͣ١Ȼ˵ 
һֱſ 
൱ 
أ 
Ҳǡֱʷ֡ 
˵ 
㻹 
Զ׼¡ 
һƽ˵ 
뿪ﲻǱȽϺ𣿡 
ΪʲôҸ 
ΪֻԼ֡ 
Ц 
Ǹˣ˵ȦĶﲻ̫˽⣬þͻв鷢 
ʲô飿˵ 
Ц 
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8

µ򻻺·ɳ̲ţһ᾵ʯأʿ̶԰ǰɫġŸᵡ 
ʿڰµʱתͷȴûһԲ֮һƬĬһ֪ʤĳĬ 
ôµڴƳĬ˵ 
ʿšŸᵡ 
ţǿӾȥ 
߲СиŮӶǸӾˣڳˮǡʱ򣬳ιλȥҪڸ߳ǵͳʱ˳ʱˮӿȥһҺͷ侲ȫڶͷ˰ֻǺƣ 
߲ûʲôΣոʾơ 
һߡһߣˮȥɱδһһӶȥ;һסˣѲԱ 
ļһʿ˵һлǡ¶˾Ҫýȴֱһܣɵһ 
ںܸˣµ˵ 
ҵɡ 
ʿ̶΢תͷͿԿµע⵽źˮ񡣳ĺɫëϣСɱʽĶ䡪 
ʲô 
ޣˣҵĶǸ 
ָ̽ڴµ֡ 
ޣãʲôطҵģ̨ϣ 
ǡ¥ݸһ¥ʱġʱע⵽ûţ 
һˡ 
ӹʿСɵĶ˵̫̫һ㡣ŵһҲ̫ˡ 
˵ 
ӾʱҲŶµ𣿡 
ޣЩǷǳ˵ĶΪҲò 
ʿˡ 
ޣˣǴϰɪҧ㣿 
µͷ 
ĬͯСµʷʱ֣һϸȵСŮһֻаɪצ˵Ĺ븧οݺҧһڡ˼롣ڲûж˺ֻۡССһ̺ۡ 
ҵĺŮ˵̺ۡα⣿ 
µͣһ£ȻϿ˵ΪΪҾܲ覴á 
ʿͷ˽İµҪıܡǼƷ 
ͻȻ˵ 
ȿˡ 
ܿתͷ 
ޣʿĺܿɰ 
ֻȴȻ 
ָµее˵ꣿ 
ʿ̶Ļҽ 
˵ָĹǼܡ 
µЦ 
ʿװһ̶˿ǳĬ˽ӣʿֻһε͵Űµúû 
ƽ˵ʲôԾµ 
Ծָʲô˼ 
еʲô£ 
ûʲô£ȫûС 
С 
ҡҡͷ 
Ը𣿡 
ûʲôԸġ 
ҲǸˡһҪ˵ġͣһ˵µ㲻ܰΪʲô㲻ܶͳͳȥأ 
Сֲؿʯ 
㲻˽⡪Ҳȥ˽⡣ 
µװģ˽⣬ 
תɻؿ 
ȫ˽ܵһСҡ֪˵ζʲô 
µɫԣ촽ҪûѪɫˡ 
룬˵ȥΪ˭Ҳ֪ġ 
ǣ֪ҡҲ̸ظǣһжѽȫȥˡ 
˵ 
Щǲܽġ 
˵µµĻûкôġʹѾ˿µĥ﷭ȥҲ޲µġҪǰҪͷΡ㻹ᣬʹԾ㻹д뱲ҪӦ졣 
򾲵Ĵ۾˿û͸¶ʵ˼롣 
أ˵ 
ұ 
µ͵˵ 
㻹˽⡣ҲڶԴЩϣҡҵ̬Ȼ 
ֱشϻ㡭ֲ˵ˡ 
ҡô 
ȥ㣬ʱ㻹һСһάǰΪʲôҪάأ 
µȻһЦ 
ΪҰ 
ǵģǵģ֪Ϊʲôʲôֵôȥأ 
ۣҪǸѾһȥСŮ۾ 
룬˵Ϊһжšú෴Ұ׹롪Ҳ̫ʵάȴǷǳʵġôˣôԼôӵеһжȱġ΢ЦŲһ䡣ҳҲƯ 
˹ڿ˵ 
ȻӢˡ˶ϵĽñ£ֺǫ飬ǵһʿҪʲôʲô 
µֱͦͦģ 
˵ǳ𣿡 
תͷȥܿĿ⣬˫γɱ״һµȼѾϨ˵̶ 
Һе𣿡˵ֻӾ裬˵еһȫûСһͷӲıһֻֻзˡԴôʲôһ˳ȴһķΩһĹˡ 
µԲغһ˵ 
ЩһֱǶ֪ģѵ㲻֪ҴʮͰˡ֪Ȼ 
 
ڲˡ 
˵⻰ʲô˼ 
µվų˼ɫƽ˵ 
ΪڡҺ͹ȥһˡ 
Щطһˣ 
Ҳվ 
µ˵ʹ㲻֪Ҳܸ㡭ԼҲ˵׼ֻ֪ 
Ļ˵ּֿ죬ͻȻͣסˣ͵תʯǱߵķ첽ȥ 
תʯµά֫չ۶ʯϵһСˮӡ̧ۿһ£ЦЦ 
ޣǰµ 
ţά 
ڿһֻзһôõСһ 
ָķȥ 
𣿡 
š 
𣿡 
µһ֦̣ά˻кһûһۣеŵ˵ 
˵µ 
š 
һжܺã˵֮䡣 
ǵģǵģǵȻ 
˵ˡ 
ޣǵġȻǵġ 
ҡϣܹΪѡ 
άеؿµִٲЦһ¡ 
̸˵ 
ʹ죬ܺãһҲǺ룬𣿡 
ޣǵġ 
·˵ȵġ 
湻ȵġ 
һĬ 
µ 
վ 
ڽ㣬أ 
˭ޣ 
˵ӡ 
վ 
ü͵˵ 
µҵӡ 
ͷˡάɳ̲źȥ 


9

һصŸǣ˹ض߽˵ 
Ͼ͵̫̫ǶȥС㣿еܲһȥ 
æ¥ϣ̫̫ɫ԰ף 
װɻˣºˡ͸ˣά˹ˡ 
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ǵģⲻ̫ôͻȻȻ·ûüѡһǸսݾ͵ˡ 
죬ѹ 
Ȼ˼֪ҲáϣǼʱûзʲôʹȽŰɣûʲôĶɣ 
ûеġûУҸҿ϶ûС￴ͦáѡ 
ѹˣϣ㵽ͶĪȥ޽˹ˣܰЩʲôڳ£Ϊ޵ԵʣԸܼһУùЩҲ鷳 
ᶨ˵ 
װĿ˵ʵڵģɲҪΪż¶̼̫ˡ 
ȷʵ 
Ͼ͵ͶĪȥȻ 
лл㣬װôʵڶͨ 
úϢϢִ̼˵̫кˡ 
¶뿪¥һ߽ 
ά˹ˣȥԺġ 
ͷάԾʣô£ 
Ȼಡˣһݾɵˡ 
˹˼˵ 
ҲҲ¥Ҫ 
¥ݣؿ 
ǵģ¥ݡҺصʱտʼ¥ǸҪһ㡣 
е 
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ˡ治ңˡ 
˵ھ͵Ƕȥ֪ܰʲôæ 
˹˵Һһȥ 
˳Ŵ·һ䣬ͶĪȥ˵ 
֪ûҪ֪ͨһ¡ 
ûʲôݡ 
ûܰЩſһҵտһҵı硯 
𣿡 
ûС 
߽˰ͶĪùݳĴš 
Ů޽˹һ˵˾Ѻõк 
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ãҽ£̫̫ӻ֪Щʲô顣 
ǿã¶С㡣ùŮ˵뵽𣿡 
߽һµСҡҽ˵ 
ά˹Ƕ𣿡 
ǵġ 
ʱôûκβʵӣ 
ûУȥͦãͦ˵ġ 
ҽͷ 
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һԿ϶޽˹ˡҽԲ˵ά˹ǡǡһɵģһʡ 
¥ݡʾһ䡣 
ţܿܡʵϣԿ϶ǣ¥ݣغղŹءǣ϶ûӹ𣿡 
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˵˵ǵݻˡ 
޽˹˴һ 
¶С㣬һݶǺúõѽ 
˹¿һ 
Բ𣬡˵ά˹һʱ򣬵Ϲһӣдšѻ 
޽˹Ŀתؿ¡ 
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Ҳҽ˵ĸԱͯ°ʱӹҵǶˡ 
ҽǸԶģҪȥ 
Ŷˡ 
Ҫ˵仰޽˹˵Ҵҵسӣеǡһһ 
ҽ󲻽ؿ˹ 
ԭ£аţգ 
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⡣˹˵ 
޽˹˺ͷԱһˡǿ˵ǰһϵûзκιϣȷʵһ˹˵ӣӵ£Ѿһûˡ 
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ҽڻشѯʱ˵ά˹˾Ѿά˹ʶʦǵĵַںȡϵҪȥ̫̫¡ 
Եôֵҽ˵껰Ժ󣬾ͺܿ뿪ˣҲ˹Ÿ߻ȥ 
˵ 
˹㵱濴ˣ 
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ô顣˵ 


10

912 

ٹͺˡ¶˵ҧ촽ϷΡ 
˹еؿ 
𣿡 
Ҳ֪ôˣ˵һӴûôļǵζڶάˣǴˡµˣҲһ 
˹ͷ 
һΣ˵Ҷе·ըҩͰϣÿһӶбըĿܡ糿ҶԼ˵ͷһ仰ǡٹͺˡΪԵʡµߣάͿߡ 
ߡ˹˵ 
Ӵҿûа档Ǹˣû㣬治֪Ǻá 
һͨĻ 
ԶֹôţôôͰ˵ЩδЩЦȷʵôġ 
˹Ȼее㲻˼ȥ̵ġ 
Ҳ֪ǴΪʲôô񲻶ȷ꣬˼˵ΣһһʲôӣѿͼֵģҲˡ 
оĲǽˡ 
˵ˣһоһԵĿ־壬Ӷ˶ĸо糿Ե޹ʵغմ˵ҪǹͲˣʦҲ˹ضȹϵһƽʱ񡪡һ򾲵İҲ¶ŵӡЩҪάΪ˰οԼģǸҪǰӺڵӽѵĻ⡣ 
Ĳõȴֵˡ˹˵ 
ǵģıҲʧ˵ģҲܲͬͣһ£ϰµ¥ȥʱάںʲô۹⿴ģע⵽ûУάȻܹػµһ׮ɱᡣ 
˹ʼװ̶ˡ 
Ӧ뵽Ȼ˵ 
ޣֿ֪ġɲûиıһʵҲܲΪάеѹ 
άһһ˹û˵Ͳˡ 
ôˣ 
άԼ뷨ǾܹõһСҿԵõҪһСҸ˵ڰµǰĵ·ϴδܹۡǣҲʱˡռаµµɼġ˵ЩƭȡͬĻûôģԿͷǾȡ 
˵õǲҧгݵġµʱܰһҲͶϡ 
ǣڲˡ 
Ҳ 
˹˵ 
һҪһЩ顣άûǶԿһ㣬ΣյŮˡȷʵΣաҪǷƢ޼ɵġ 
ģ̾һϣظ˵Ǿ仰ˣʣˡ 
ʴˡά˹֮ʹ̫ܴܵ𶯡Ľ˶Ӱ졣Ҷ׶ؾйˣʹԸпοʹ̫̫ıԽϿпܸЩ¡ΪѾ˻̻̲ء 
糿ȷѸеƣɥˡ 
ⲿֵĹϵܲ˵ 
·ݻôȶϲǺģм죬¶ȶﵽ˻70ȡ 
˵άߵǸǰ˵ 
Թһһ̧ͷա쾹һ춼ȣţһҲûУ֪ʹ˸ее㾫šΣҪ˶þҪˣȵÿܲסˡ 
˹תˡҲ֪ԼҪȥʧڷӵһǡ 
ü˹ˣά˵û˵Ҵһʱʾ˵ӡ 
Ǹˡ˵ 
ðɡһСұгɼļһ 
һֱϣܺͰµ飬ʱ㲻ڶż 
ҪĹܴ飬ѵʱǿĹһֱ𣿡 
Ҳ˵ھҪ´ˡ 
άһۣһߵüȩ̈ 
İҪˣ𣿰µͬʹɨ˵ļһ飿䲻ҲΪµͳü˹顣 
ϲάһҸҿ϶ 
Ů˶Ǻý˵ģ㲻ðµһ𣿡 
ԸĻȻܡ 
άܿ˵ 
ΪҸ𣿡 
ʵҶһ֪ 
Ҳ֪Ķࡣά˵˭Ҳ֪µЩʲôͣһ˵µǸٷ֮ٵнˡȫҸġ 
Ȼ˵Ƕ˵˵˵ģǸɵϣ 
߽ݵʱЩ㷲ˣظǾܸοĻٹͺˡ 
ά겻ڻ԰̨ȥ 
ڻ԰ľͷµڰǽϣĺˮǳʱ򣬺ˮӿ 
µѸվ 
ҪȥڲǺȲʱˡ 
˵úܿ죬ЩҲûһۡάţĬĬԡ 
һֱߵ̨ʱ˵ 
µ̸̸ܺ𣿡 
ץ˱ߣϻش 
ûǱ̸ 
ô˵֪˵ʲôˣ 
ûлش 
ôµѵǲº͹ȥദʱһ𣿲ܰѾһж𣿡 
Ҳ𣿡 
ʶʱġά˵ 
˵⻰ʲô˼ 
ܼ򵥣ҵȥʵʵǣΩһŵŮˡ 
Ϳʱǰġ 
ҺͿһĴҡ 
ֹͣˡӻҵش߳Ƿŭ۾ǰάҲеη 
ǵĳ棬ʵڶԲ𣬿Ҿʱ򡣡 
µ߿ 
̸ɡ˵ 
Ļı鶼Įġ 
ðɣ˵Ѿɵ˺˵飬һͷˡڣȸάָˮʯ 
Ҫע⣬µ˺ɣⲻĹҪԸ⣬Һˡ 
ҵȻҪ㡣ŭά֪Ǹʲô𣿡 
һǳˡά˵˵ 
ӵţƵ׷ңź˻顣һҰ÷һңӣصǸɫ԰סҡβҡײƭС潸ȥˡ 
ס죡 
ôʲô 
άɫҰף˵ 
ϲôеֿ棬ôҲûʲôôҲȥˡ롪ȷʵӦʼղذµȥҰǡΪԡûʲôôװġҸ룬߲һȥԺ·У޷ʹõҸңЩЩǺͺطְɡ 
װƽ˵ 
㾿˵Щʲôѽ 
άûп°ͱýġ 
飬Ϊ顣 
һ룬õš 
Ըȡά˵ 
ô˵Ժ߲㽫Ҫɰİµº飬𣿡 
ҪҵĻ 
û⣬Ҫģ̱˵ôȥĶأ 
ҸҺõ˰ɡȻһᱣ֤ʹ㹻ġ 
ˣܸߣڿƲסԼˡ 
ţά㲻ܶ飡Ҳ飬ҺΪҰ㡣֪Ǵʲôʱʼҵġ֪Ҹȥʲ֮Ըȫעģһ뵽ԭⰲŵģģǣҶɵһве㰮Ҳҽ˻顣ǲصǸ¹ĽƻС潸ǰȥġǲõɹģǳ룡ҪȰɱˣҪɱ㣬һҪɱҪҪάǰһһץסĸ첲 
ס죬ϵ۵ķϣ㲻ˡ 
ҲܣưɣҪ 
˹ض̨߹Ϻޱ顣 
뵽ò衣˵ 
άش 
˹ضǽȥˡ 
нơ 


11

ߵʮֵʱˡάվҵĴǰ档ûкͿ˵ʲôȹԺ˶ܿ档 
ϵϣҶܲȻ͸еŤάĲɡѰͿ֬ۡµǶһľʵ顣¶ǧټƵ򿪻ϻΪ˹ûкһ̸еջ 
˹ضҲϲ˵ʱֲסط 
ͽҪʱάװһĵ˵ҪȥݷĬҲҪ̨򡣡 
ϴԿף˵˵Ҫٵġ 
ллһõġ 
ǶȥѾ׼˿ȡ 
ԺŹ㲥һ׮ܻӭǲ 
ӳԷʱͿʼעĿشǷ˵ͷʹҪ¥ȥ˯ 
û԰˹ƥ𣿡ʡ 
ллҳˡ 
뿪ӡ 
άֽĿϣɳϾһᣬҲûгµһۡǶһŵӾһίСӡ鲻Խѹ 
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ȥǳ˶ɴ 
ޣ˶ɴɿʮӢ·˵㲻ʲôϲС 
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̫̫˵ 
ά˽ȥְŴϡ 
̫̫׼ˣ˴ͷһյĵ⣬ĵƶϨˡղڿ飬άʱ顣̫̫۾϶˴άһۣһ۲֪أη 
ά̸̸˵ 
ά΢Цһ¡ 
˵ɣ̫̫ 
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ά˺ôľſסԼûзƢ 
ҺܱǸ㴰Ȼ˵˵飬ȻԼ£ 
ǵģΪµõҵķӡҪȻǰµˡ 
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Щܲš 
У̫̫Ŀ֮˵µ뿪-һ 
㲻ɣҲɡ 
άҴ󺰴С 
㣬Ҳ̡ 
ﲻ֪һš顱һˡ 


12

۾һŮͰ˹ɪķɫ˹˸ǰ 
ѽ˹ˣ治֪źá 
ôˣ˹ 
ΪС㡣һСʱǰҸ˱裬˯óģжвҲûղţǰΪ̫̫յĲѾ׼ˣ͵ȸȥˣҾֽ¥һͷ˯ôҲв 
û𣿡 
ˣ˹ˣʹһᡪһɫѿˡ 
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ðɣ¥ȥ̫̫ĲȥһһҪʳʲô¡ 
˹˳ӵ˹˵ķԸȥ˹¥ 
Ų̣ȣһ̫̫ķšλû߽ȥƬֻ̺ڵϵ漴һ󷢿ľУ˹شﱼ¥¡ڴϵȥĺ˹ض 
ѽ˹ضǿ̫ˡɱˡͷһѪ 
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1

ȼضһֱ졣ڼڻʣҪʱ˱仯ɨˡǣӢ㻹ҪأֱĿǰΪֹһֱǷǳõġ 
ֶӡղķ˹澯ڳ㣬ͻȻ绰ˡ 
ϾȥעٷŻͲ 
ղķ˹İơע 
ʲôôأضʣע⵽ֶϵɫ 
һ׮ıɱ̫̫һλ̫̫һû˲֪ǸˡļҾϪǸϡ 
ضͷ 
ҾȥǸһ𾴵سƺ˾ֳ̫̫ѣҪһֳȥ 
ߵſڼ׿ 
壬һ֮İһǵһ 
ֻҪһ㡣𣿡 
 


2

СʱԺ󣬾ֳ޲ءжУɫׯصظضֶ˵ 
⻹˵˵ƺһסⲻ˸ɵġʲôûҲûдļ󡣽еŴصúúõġ 
ֱŰӡ 
Ҫոǻɸ֪ݹϵҲ˵Ը⡣ʾļڵ 
⵹ν˵һ㣬٣ø¸ʿ˵¸񡤹ϥʿǸֳѰɣ 
ͷ 
ţ밮¸Ƿû⡣ôôˣϴ绰 
ץ绰ҽո 
Ϊش󰸼𣬳٣ʵ 
˵ 
⽫һǲκβİӡҪȫȷҶҪҵˡŮˣȻ 
ӵͷ൱˽⻰л 
ΪԼ֪˭ɵġҶƸе졣ҸҴһǸͷ˸ɵģ 


3

ӺվڲԷߵϡһǰذСزߢһ֧߶˰ϵָơһѳص˾źš˵ͷմѪһ׷ 
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㲻ٰʱһ㣿 
ǲҪĺáҪǵءǲӲ̶жϡʮ㣬ҹʱ 
ǱѾź˻еģ 
ҽǰˡ 
ǡҺְҴ˿ƶϲǰѾźˡһûͷһǳɻȵı档 
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ǹĻǵģҽͬ˵ֻܼ裬еɵó棬 
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ǵģҽ˼˵鱾ͱŤ֪̫Ѩֵܻ˱վڴҲࡪڴϵͷһûпռ䣬ǽĽǶȴСˡ 
 
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һҲȷϡʱҽ˵̫ϲˡҪҵһ˵򵥵ĽǸƲӡĽ͡˵ϷǸʱͷ΢΢תࡣȰѴƳվڴ֣ºٰѴƻȥ 
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Ҳû˵ҲġʿҲһҲΪǸɱκιϵ 
ҲûϵҲûϵֻҪʲôͺˡ 
ŶҪϴùʮ㡪ȥˮŵŷС㴲ϡ죬ˮԵȻҵþ˵ķſڡ 
˵ 
άܴڴޣʵĳܣ 
ǵȷгЩʲô𣿡 
ŶҲû 
˵ʲôά˵˵κζĻƢȫˡ 
ޱİ̽һΣ޷ʳʲôǲǸˡ 
ղķʿ˴һӣ˵ 
˹ڸָܸƲ֤Ľˡ 
ʵ 
˭ڼ鷿䣿 
ʿûʲôӹע⡣ 
е˶׼ɣ 
ǵģֱʿϡ 
ʱŴ򿪣ʿ̽ͷ 
Ҫǿһ¡άʷķ 
վǼ׷ 
ʿָŵذϵһѶһɫסӺͱġ 
˵ 
ʲôطЩģ 
³ĵײ١ 
ʰףչɫԵ 
Щɫ۵˰ɣѪ٣ԴˡУǿһֱӶС 
ţӱܿе۹⣬Ƕάҵô˵ⷿﻹû· 
һɫϸƵ·ϡϴԱߵذ϶ˮ 
ƺæϵѪϴɣȻϴۿڣˮý١ 
ൽɵذϵǼ̲ˮ١ڶûɵ 
ĬĬǰһһ˫֡䶼մѪˣѵ·մѪ·³Ҵææˮϴ˫ֱֺۡ 
һǽϵһţ 
ʿȻش 
ʷ̫ķ䣬١š 
ţߣ 
һߡ 
Ǳߣ 
˼һӡڣ˵ȥ͡ 
ʿš浥ֱ˵ 
ʿУΪʲô㲻ʷʹڳܣ 
۾һգ 
ûȥҲΪνĳܡֻǱ˴ϣͺعͨѡ 
סû˵Ĵͷʲôͺعͨ˵ 
ʱʷʲô· 
ʿԥšƽ˵ 
ɫǻɫϸƵװ㲻ǵãҲܸǡ 
ʿдƳĬ 
ڼˣɫװ˵ʱûлϰߡǾͳȥʱ򵽻԰ʱͷȥ 
ӵͷʿȥߵ˹˹ţ˷ܵɫ 
˵ 
ɵĹ١Ѿ֤ˡֻһ˵ָƷϡȻֻʱԵıȶԣҸҴľԴˡ 
ô˵ 
ǰͷϵָάʷģ١ 
ɻαϡ 
ˣ˵ˣ𣿡 


4

ھ𳤵İ칫ʮɫءŵˡ 
У̾˿˵ 
ˣҿֻдһ·˰ɣ 
ƽ˵ 
١ 
ŰӶ쳤 
ҪüӣͰ˵ֲʲôҪõѡ 
Ӷ쳤̾һ 
Ҳϲ˵ 
ҲΪκϲ˵㹻֤ȡþв֤롣 
ֻ㹻˵ 
ʵǣǲв֤κ˶˵Ϊʲô 
Ʋֵصͷ 
ϸһ£˵ҵ˶ʷ̫̫Ϸ֮õһ൱ɹ۵ĲƲ֪һŵˡܡװմѪͬ͵Ѫֻ֤ݣȻҪǣϵָġǱ˵ġ 
Ȼ٣˵Ҳϲ 
ҪϲŹ֡ 
㲻ϲĵʲô٣ 
Уӡ 
ҲǼһԵе̫ɵ˰ɣʾ˵ 
ǣ٣ʱȷֵɵһ㡣 
ޣ֪֪Ҫǲǻ𣿡 
Ӷ˵ 
أղķʿ㲻ϲʲô 
Ʋֵضӡ 
һϲʷȥȥĺüˡǸʿǸ˶ҡ 
Ҳףӻ˵ΪʲôһõѡֲͬʱҲǸɱ֡ûʲôԵġͣҲϲǰͷˡ 
ǰͷˣе㲻ʡ 
ǵģ٣ǽ壬ѡһ߶ǡ 
ϸؼ˵ȥ 
룬ȷʵôģʷƢ󷢣һͷ˴ͷԤıģôôһͷˣǲִŵĶ 
ϰӸ֮ġ 
ܡǲû˵û˿ϰһοͷڴԼһǰɳϰʱҿ֪߲ͬʱڡҪǷһʱʧȥơסҿЩҵıУһЩǶΪ˷ܣ׷ƢǻῴóġҴûʷƢҸ˵ǳǿȴ󲿷˶ǿȴ˵һʱƢͻһϸͷ 
һ˵ӣ˵ 
֪١Ԥı˵õϷ˵ĲƲϡŮ¶ǰͷ˺ͷ¶ĳǳСıԶŮ¶ҹͷŵ⵽һͷ˲ɾСĵطŻԭȫˣ١ѪԤıżԵıеĻϡ߸һ𣡡 
˵еӡǡһֿʲô 
Ұ˼ǰͷˣ١ 
ûǰͷ˴ͷƻԭеάָơ൱ȷġ 
ˣӶ쳤˵ͷǱĶɵġ 
Уһ 
е̫ˣ𣿡 
ҵΪǳʶƶϣ١Ҫʷǰ˴ûҸΪǺߡǰͷǹģ滹մѪͷʱҽҲôϲǰͷˡòΪԵΪ޷ȷ˵ 
Уɻαϡ 
ȥӣ˵㾡ּܷ׷ȥһʲô 
ǰͷˣ˵ʣʲôȣǶάʷǲжˣǲƲ̳ˡҪǷҪǮ˵ȱǮҽǶ֤һ£Ĳ״÷ѣҪǮãôͶǳһ˵˵ʵĲ״ãô 
ôô 
ôǾ͵ôȥҶ 
ô˵Ϊάʷݺ 
Ӷ쳤һ۾ 
ʲôطһλҵйظַһλӸҵĸоϿǸֱʵĲпﰸƺһЩʲôһֻĻݵĸ˷֡ 
𳤿ӣһõͣ١ 
Ҳԣ˵ȥģΡڣδжʲôƻ 
°͡ 
Ŷ٣˵һϲԶ׼ķʽ¡һʵǻάʷôǼɡûбҪĴĵز԰ʾҪĵͬʱ۲ÿ˵ķӦ֤˵ǣϸ֤ϵ١ʾǵַ 
൱ŸȨıַУգգ˵̽ǰӡ 
쳤΢΢һЦ 
һϲڴ£١һҴŲæ뵽̽һ¡άʷǸܺõĽڣԵ֪̽Ҿмеֵڽš 
ԱĽǶ 
ô˵١ 
ķȥɣӡ澡ܷȥ졣 
лл㣬١վʦ˾Ǳûʲôɵóɣ 
ûУҴ绰ǡҸỹġһʿңд˵ġһԼӢԼġͶ֤ȯϡһŲأһСݸʿУĶŷ 
ǿһˣ˵ 
һЦɫ 
Ǹصļһɲ𣿡 
Ҫˣľ˵ܶΪ˲ʮǮɱˡҪж༱ǮöصõһŲ˵Լҩñܿɡ 
ûˡʱȻ 
Ҳһʱ̫ˡǹʿУֽܼáŷС㣬ûǮûϵܶʱӵһС룬úһһɵɫ 
ˣ˵ȫˡɡ 


5

λٻصŸȡʿǱ 
еԷûٷʲôֵûɵĶ˳Ҫճò׼ǻط 
Ҳã룬˵Լȵ¥Ϸȥߡûķ侭ԸסǸһЩֵ֪Ķ 
˹һСӲֽзϡ 
άʷǼɫҵģ˵ɫͷϣɫͷڲҼ粿ϡ 
ֽͷͰͷǰš΢΢գ۾˵ 
㡣ǽͷһǺͷһǳɫôһͷϣͷϣάʷ˼ȷе׹ֱ§һ̫̫һ̫̫ͷϣ֮עӡ¦¡һһ檶ߡ˴֮ˡάͬʱӵ̫̫ 
ϵѪѾȥˣ١һнͻ绰ǡ 
ͷ 
أ 
ָʾ١û˴ְȥǶϷ˻ʲô⡣Ҷϲ˵ŷС¡ƺǻӭġ 
ҿһ۾֪ǸܸɵŮˣ˵ҪҵŮ֣ҪϽ̨ɲס 
˹һ㵡 
֪֪˵رʷġһ㶼˶Ա֫ͷԼ򵥣⻰һҲʵ޷άʷǸ󱿹ϡǸŮ͵Ҷأ 
һ¥רԡҵļϡˮܻһֱֱϴǰźȡ 
ô˵κ˶ֽܶţҲ˵κһˡ 
Ų˵ 
Լ˸ɵû 
ţûⲻǷԵﰸǡκԿ׵˶ԴǰŽάʷԿסҪմһ֧Ǽ򵥵£߸ֻҪһ˿ͳˡҲΪκ֪壬аϳֹкҩ£Լ˲֪ģɣղķʿ¥ȥԡҺеķ䡣 
ǴӶ¥ʼһͬңϾļҾߺ͸Ӱ˵Ķ 
ûмһ䣬٣˹˵Ҳ֪ 
ҵʲôҲգֻͽȻ˷ʱ䡣ӵذϵĻаû 
˵ķ䶼һ¥ûõķһԡҡÿ߿ע⵽͹ŮͰ˿ǹŴ˯ģ꣬ݵǸݺܶ࣬ﶼǵƬʿӵһĴȻѾˡ 
ӵķɣŮӶķ߰㡣Ӽǰ߽¥ݿڵԡҡʿָϴϵĳӣˢӡӣͷˮƿƿ޹޵ĶһҶڿŰβˡ 
ֽϻ϶ûָƣ 
ֻǸŮӶġҴɵָơ 
ضӣ˵ֻҪѶνȥͳˡ 
¥ݣں¥ݰ;ǽϿһе㲻ĵĴӡһװľڽš 
´ӵģ˵иťֻΪֹ϶̫խܴ 
Ҳ˴˵һ˼ӡ 
߽¥ĵһԷµʷ˯ķ䣬ࡢ£ױ̨ϰӡûɢõӿ³ױȹ˯£һļװ˯Ǳ˻·õˣ۸񰺹󣬲µġ 
ӵͷվдǰһӣĵ⶯īֽĸֱ̡ 
ʿ˵īֽϻǷֽ¨ûʲôȤĶ 
Ļû˵ûʲôÿͷġ 
Ǽķȥ 
ʿϵķ£ɢá϶˿̻ңԵһ뿪ŵļС˵ 
ϰ˵ϲЩС˵͵ 
ŷķСʡӿżϵһЩ鼮ʽᡣⷿİɫķ䶼ִ 
ôأ˵ûκƬǸڹȥˡ 
ĸţɨøɸɾʱ׼סȥмԡҡٹǴ˵Ĵ˫˷˫˷ȥ·ʷռõԷԡҡ 
ûάķ˷Ѷʱ䡣ӳĴȥһɽֱŵĴӣͻںϵĶ԰ͷ 
˵еˡͳʱд̱ǵĺζ԰Ķ¿վᣬѹֻ˵ɱ 
ϴһԷͨŵѾˡ 
һ߰㡣ɶѵصš¿㡢ӡģԹ˾һһװ̯һαϡӴ³ëƤ¡Ҿ·˶¿㡢װ̲װȡ 
Ӽϵعϳš 
Ʒζݳ޺˵һǮ 
˵ 
ҲΪ 
û˵ȥ 
ΪҪʮ򡪡߸˵Ӣɡ룬ȥ̸̸ô˵ 
¥鷿ʿȥ˿Կʼճ˿ص˷ȥͬʱ涽Ҫһ̸ȴάʷʼ 
ʿһ뿪鷿ӺһӴάʽ档һľԱֽʣ鷿һ 
˵ 
ȿʼ̸ղķʿúñһ¡ͷѣüͷ 
ϣ֪ΪʲôǳԺ 
˵ǸͷӡʱˡǻİСӣ 
ƨӶ쳤˵ΣԲڷ޵ĺڶߺĸһʼˣ𽭺ϣĿұ졣 
ô˵ 
ѧ˵ѧЩ̻һϲʵĻɫ߷ߵ𰲷СŮάǡǡǻʵң˽˵ֲϵ̸һС˵ÿ˳綼˵ʵΪͷ˵ʵ˵סǻ˵죬˵һЩΪûʲôҪĻʱ׽סǵĺβˡ 
άʷȡ 
ĲɵӦһȻеյ˵ 
Ҹеյǡʲô˺ޣ¥ϡ¥ϵĶҵ¥ϿʲôǸСӵĶ 
άʷ̸ֹ߽֮ 
ɫ԰ס磬Ѿʱôš۹⿴ţһ֪κ˼Ļһָ֪ϡԼָƻȥ˾ȻֵܱüȲʮֽţҲǺƤӲװµӡ 
άʷ൱Ȼܾǡˡֻ΢΢ԳĽģ 
ղķʿõ˵ 
ҪشһЩ⣬ʷйٺһЩرʵͬʱұСĻش𣬳Ը⣬Բػش𣬶ϲʦ 
˵ɻαϣ۲λЧ 
άʷһãȻӡ 
һҲ֪ڴʲô⣬ҪȻǸĺԱšάûлش˵ôʷ 
ά˵ 
Ȼʰɡ 
֪Ӻ˵˵ÿһ仰ᱻ¼ͬʱڷ֤ͥݡ 
ʷӹһŭ˵ 
ڿң 
ʷǾ㡣 
άʼ硣 
һֻǵйءɡ 
׼ڹˣ 
νĿڹĻ 
ôȷе٣Ϳʼɣô 
Ȼ͹ǵȥǺȿȡűȵȡȻҾͷȥһסˡҵһѡ 
ʲô֣ 
Ī»Ī 
׽ѣ 
ޣͨͨǳ档Թͣ͡Ҳȥ 
˵ 
Ǹʱ򵽶ͷȥδ̫һɣ 
ޣǸֳǿ 
˶е˯𣿡 
ǵģˡҴԿף˼ҵҡ 
̫̫뵽Ҫһȥ 
ά΢΢ı仯е㽩Ӳ˵ 
ûУͷʹѾϴȥˡ 
ʷ 
Ҫ¥ȥ· 
˵ 
Բʷʲô·ǻ 
ǡҵʱϴһɫװõһףΪе꣬ҴɴϰҪһ·Լ·֪һһһ׾װҪ˵ϸĻһ׻ɫϸƵġ 
ϲŪһǫѷ˵ 
ͬ˵ģҪ¥ȥʿңҴҪңȥһڽǡ 
ӺͰ˵ 
룬һŵ˰ɣʷ 
άһ졣 
ǵġǵġʱö˶˵ġ 
һã 
ԼʮӵСʱ룬Ȼһطȥ·ҴȥҴԿס 
ʱǼ㣿 
Լʮ룬롣ҴҴɽø϶ɴùҵĪǺһƣһײʱúܿ죬ҷҸϲһɴһһ뿪Īһ֪ʾҪƵɳءʮ·뿪꣬صԼң롣̩¡ĪлҪһߣ˵ֱӻȥҵĽֱ¥ط˯ûʲôҲûٵʲôҶ˯һƬȻǸŮж 
ֹס 
ȷȷٻͷһ㡪صʹ̸̬֮൱ɣ 
ޣȫ 
̸Щʲô 
ޣ̸̸ 
ͺ 
ά 
Ȼ 
ûСȷ˵ƽ˳ؼ˵ 
άûش˵ 
ʵ˵֪̹׸㣬Щ̸˼ˡ 
ά˵ 
еϡûʲô˵ġ 
ʲôϣ 
άǿסƢ΢΢һЦ 
̹˵˵ҡ³κ˲ͬ͵ֱ˵ǣؾɵˣ֪޳һЩִ˼롢ʽ顪ȵȡǷۣҿеð𣬲ȫƵطֿˡּ档еزһ䣬ҵȻΪۣƲסƢͷĻ 
濴˰һۡȻǰ˵ 
ϳǰͷģָνͣ 
άĿӡ˵ 
ҡ浱Ȼҵָơҵˡҳš 
˵ָƣʾһʵûκν͡ 
ά˿šѪɫʧ 
ⲻģ˵ⲻܡ˿֮ùĳ׵ˡ 
άû˵롪ƻָơ 
һͣ١߳ͣ١ 
ޣ찡ά鲻Խ˵ͬʱ󳤳Ĳ˫ס۾λע 
Ȼ˫֣ӡ 
ⲻģƽ˵ԲġΪɱҲûСҷûУһˡ 
Щָ᲻κνͣ 
ôܽͣҼֱ֪˵ʲô 
ɫװϵѪκνͣ 
ѪŻ˵ܣ 
ȷ˵Լ 
ǣҵȻûУ 
ǵһ 
άʷǰ𣬿˼̧ͷǣ۳ŵɫ 
ƾ󣡡˵ƾûһġ 
ʵǰӶ쳤˵ 
ΪʲôҪ¡ֱ붼롪ţʶһӡ 
һ 
룬׿ڸ߹ǣʷһͿԼ̳һʲƲɣ 
ΪΪʲôҲҪǮҲҪ 
⣬һֻԼ˵ģʷ 
ά 
ţҿó֤ҲҪǮҴ绰ҵоԼ̸ 
绰ֱͨӵ׶ȥά˵ 
ѷάʷóҵţ߾Ҫ֪йҵһϡǵġǵģ롣 
ӹͲƽ˵ţһͬһ 
ڣ»Ͳ 
ôά˵ 
̩Ȼ˵ã٣иһͶ񣬲ұ˵һпá 
֪˵ʵˣ 
ˡʷ˽˵ĳŵծ񡪡Ӧǲö֪ҪǮõԭ򡣡 
ûУ㱣֤ûС㲻ܲκһԭ򡣡 
Ӷ쳤ʵ˫磬ĸִͰ˵ 
Ҳͬ⣬ʷ㹻֤в֤ûûڸ㡮⻳ɡŻݣ֪ 
άɬ˵ 
˼˵ΪҸɵģҪҳӣߣɲ𣿡 
ĬĬ컨塣 
άɥ˵ 
һجΡҲûʲô˵ģһݱá 
Ӷ쳤ӡŵ۾ǻ۵Ĺâ 
˵úܺã˵˵úܺáһͷ 


6

˹ѲάӴͲȥȻſӷʽشŽ鷿档 
ǻˣ˵ 
Ǹã˵ֻڹʱԸ 
һܴ󡣿бȹɫͷë£ͷһֻĳͭ롣뾪š˷ܡòͻڻҳάʽ鱾Ͱεĳ֮¸绨ʢš 
׵˵١ 
ͷۣϴԼŵһ̣롣˯ú죬ʲôûֱڶĳ˵ļѡ 
ӽӹʻ 
ɷȥ֮ǰûе㷿ȥ㣿 
ûС 
뿪һֱڶ϶ûԲԣ 
ͷ 
ʷ̫ķɷ򷿼֮š˭Ĺ 
̵ش˵ҡ 
û˵ʲôšһֻϵèһšŵĶ 
ĳĬﵽʻ޷ﵽĿģ嶯ѿڶ 
ᣬǷ֪ɣǸɺϹʿһں֮ǰ˵ĻʹҲҲǡҲѾ߹ˡάҳһܡһܣҺ¥ȥˣΪһ 
סףӾʾͬ˵Ϊʲô³ 
ʲôϵޣҲ㣬άֱ׳һⶼǸŮ˵Ĵ 
ʲôŮˣ 
ĵһӡġ 
˵棿 
ǵġάΪȫԼ⡪ɵϣʵǡû뵽£ֱһڹ԰ͷͬʱԼġΪ⣬ҿóǰµĻݣһֻ˵֡ 
ΪʲôҪ£ʵ 
ΪҪٵõ˵˵úܿ죬١ûԭ뿪ҽ飬ıֶΡһ棬Ȼö¹򡣴һһֱ¹ܴ֪֪αֵó޴׽ǵģ֪£һˡʿϣһʵĹһĽͬʱҲˣװҪ޸ðάƷ衣 
ͣŭغš 
º˵ 
Ӧøһһҵ֡ 
ˣֱʵҪҪģ 
ôһǳϲ 
ޣǷǳϲܲζ˵һɵģ 
ӵָԾ°͡ 
ҲԵŰɣʾ˵ 
ôܷԣǻԵúڼʣ 
Ŷ˵վڼʣ𣿡 
 
һֱǣһֱʰµ򡣴һʼ򽫽һʼҳеķӣҵġһɫȫװݹûãҸе겻ɢһ֪άڵǣΪΪ޷ĵ״С֪Щ˾ǿƺеûʲôɫҲôȤǾ˾Ҽ 
˼صͷ˵ 
Ŷлл㣬ʷ̫̫Ŀǰ͵Ϊֹǲòʡ⡪ʷôƲӢ 
ôʿõģ𣿡 
ȫ֪ˣ 
ޣǵġƲάάƽ֡ҲǸϼһˡҲǡҲ̫ϲҲΪϲҡ뵽ĳܽԴʵ̫ˡ 
˵˳ȥӿ档 
ôƯˣΪ˻Ϊͷ 
ͬ⡣ 
ƺôׯ˵ 
ʱµŮ˾˵һ̫̫ɣȼŷС㣬Ӿ˵ĽǶ˽׮¶ˡ 
ŷ̩Ȼ߽ƽ֮£۾¶ɫ 
ػشʻȷά١Լʮϴ 
ʱʷʹһ𣿡 
ǵģü̸ 
̸ŷС㣿 
ƽػش 
֪ϲ˼ۡԴʵûʲô⡣УרԵ֧˵򡪡һ˵ͲŮ׽ܡ 
һҲɣ롣 
һŴƳĬ 
ҲǾұҿš൱ţôỳ˸ɵġΪʲôˣ 
Ϊ˼ɣŷС㣬һûжκζŴҲû⵽ƻҲⴱӵĵλúܻסһ㣬ֱ䵽Ķ£һͥԺ̨Χǽţٴ󺣣滨԰б¼һֱ쵽һǽΧšΨһĳ·һͨ·СţŽϻһúúõģԼ·ĴšҲ˵ûǵǽҲ˵ǲñԿø˿֮Ķǰš֪û˭׮ﰸ֪ÿ϶ҶкҩҩʾǸˡͷǴ¥ĳóġⲻ˸ɵģŷС㡣 
άȷŲά 
Ϊʲôôаգ 
ؾ˫֡ 
ⲻԭڴˣɱһڴϺ޵ֿϸˡάᣡ 
ƺǲ̫ܣӺ˵ΪһЩ´һ㹻ʱʷܷǳҪǮá 
ȷҪǸݳ޵ˡһ򶼲ǡ 
ţ̫̫ǡ 
ǵģҲǣޣ̫ˡȷάû˼ȥ뵽Ǯ⡣ 
Ӷ쳤һ 
ҵ˽⣬ĵ£ 
룬ˣǵģһֱе㼬֡Ȼµº޹ϵ 
ҲûйϵһǼµ˵ŷС㡣 
˵ 
Ŷͬ˵ģ˼ֵġ档˭⡪ 
ݵشĻ 
֪άʷ⣿ 
˵⡣ 
ԼΪ 
ҡе㲻άһֱиоĳġ 
Ҳǰµʷ̫̫ɣ 
Űµ¡ 
ô˭ 
ʼ硣 
Ҳֻ֪ǾáŹ֡ 
Ź֣˼˵ҶӵĸоǹŹ֡ 
ÿ¶ǹŹŹֵֹġָо˵ĳգһѹȸС 
ÿ˶ģĵ 
ǵģǶܵĥĪͣ 
ҪȥĪĪܸЩʲôŷС㣿Ī˭ 
ŶģҶ̫ǿѡ 
ʷѣ˴ʶܾˣ 
ǵģڻǰʶ 
ʷϲ𣿡 
š 
ûС鷳 
Ӻ˵ش˵ 
ȻûУ 
ϲĪ𣿡 
ôϲ 
Ӿ䵭˸⡣ 
λŮͣ䡤أ˺ܾ˰ɣΪɿ𣿡 
ޣԿɿԴĹ 
ʵȥпܰش˵ͷȻԼҩԱ˻ɣ 
ȻᡣΪʲôҪ 
õһŲ֪ 
Ҳǣŷ˵ 
ƽȵ۹ֱ 
ǵģ˵Ҳǡ֪ж𣿡 
ҡ 
ǰ֪ 
֪ȻӴż͸¶ģҲʲôԼûٶ֪Ͳά˻ÿһӢЩףһҲ֪ηŲȻ֪ʿĲƲάͰµ̳С 
ԭǰ֪ʲôŷȥ˵٣˵ġ 
˵ģͬ˵ֵ׹ĵһ̫̫ˡ 


7

µǳɫķ׺ȹӡ˵Ĵ԰׵һ㣬˿Ļ겻ɢ 
¶κθؼ򵥻شʻ 
ǵģʮϴŷСͬһʱ䡣һûʲô 
ԭҹ˽£˵ܲܽһôҲ 
һʱ꣬ҵġҵǰҪͬһʱǷ⡣ 
ģ 
ޣǵġ 
㣿 
ޣǡ 
ͬ⣿ 
ǵģͬ⡭ҸеԾܾ 
Ϊʲôʷ̫̫ 
Ļش 
˶ϲ顣 
˺һ 
Բ˵ʲô 
ģ 
ǵġ 
㡪Բ𡪡ǷԹ 
ûСһҲûС 
ǿʷ̫̫ 
ûлشٶȳԡĬַǰµǿ˱ԶڣֳĬ޲ڵļ󡣰ӳԼˡ 
λ桪ȷ⣿ 
൱ȷ 
Ŀǰʷ̫̫ϵѺ𣿡 
ҲΪôϲҡ 
ϲ𣿡 
ǵġΪǳƯ 
Ŷлл㡪͵Ϊֹ 
վȥȻԥһ£˻ 
ֻ˵˵Ŷ٣ΪάΪǮɱ൱ȷŲˣάӲôǮһ֪Ҹһ˰֪꣬޷ΪǮɱκˡ⡪ⲻά֪˵ûʲôֵ֤ϣҵĻ 
תȥ 
ʲôʵҴûôôȱˡ 
ֻû¶˵Ǹ黹ڡĳַǳǿҵĸ顣Ҳ֪ʲô 


8

ʿϡ壬΢΢գ۾һֻèͷӥ 
ǻؼһΣСеŸᵡ͵ϰߡµʷԶáӾ꿪ʼ˴ÿʮһʱϴǵģμ̶ʷ뿪ӵ죬ûάԼʮʮȥҲһ㡣Լһʲôû˵ʬ屻ʱѾڻ԰Ǹߡ 
һͣ١ 
ŷС߹нŵľ棬ǷҲע⵽ˣ 
ҲΪ̫ע⡣ 
˵ѣţע⵽Ŀɶˡȴ󲿷˶ࡣ 
ΪάʷȱǮáȻȱǮáʷ֪÷ǳ١ 
Եڶλʷ̫̫˽ж 
һμ 
Ӵһơ 
֪ϷάʷָơͬʱϷѪ 
ͣϵͷ 
ǡ˵ 
̹㣺Ϊǲɵģ 
ʿϴӲꡣͣһоǺܳһʱ䡪Ȼش 
֪Ϊʲôңⲻҵ£ǵ¡Լǳܡ 
ܲ㿴˭ȽϿܣ 
ʿҡҡͷ 
ֻһˣ벻ܣ˶ѡ 
˭ 
Ȼϸҡҡͷ 
˵ֻҸ˵Ŀ 
Э񡣡 
Ұʵˡⲻʵֻһ뷨ǲܵġ 
ûʳߺ˵ӱʾͬС 
ûʳ١Լ뷨൱ȷ뷨ҵ֪ʲô뷨Ǽǳصﰸղķʿ 
ڣ绰ץͲһ֮˵ܺãȻͲ 
ϵѪѪ˵Ѫ͸޷˵һƺάʷӡ 
Ѿߵڣ൱ȤŴ⡣ 
иӣ˵൱ȷȷʵʵɣϧĪĪڶͷֻԼĸͷˣΪ֪ܴеõôĻ 
Ŷ¸޹ϸ𣬡˵޷˵õκκô绰ٶ𡣡ĵ绰ô 
߹ȥ 
ιޣ㣬ҽʲôѹˣʲôʲô 
תͷ˾ˣ⡣ 
߹ӹ绰Ͳţͬһ㲻¶κα顣˵ 
άʷղķʿ 
άʱøϻͲ 
άһ԰ƣעոĶ쳤ͼľϿ˼ 
ʷ˵Ƿ֪κ˷ǳϲ㣿 
άԲҡҡͷ 
ȷӱ̡ҵ˼ǣĳ˲ֻǲϲ㡪ĳˡ̹˵ǳ㣿 
άֱ 
ûСûУȻûСû¡ 
һ룬ʷû˿˺κˣ 
ά 
ֻһҿ˵˺ȻֻԹ޵ˡǾΪһŮ˶뿪ҵĵһ̫̫ҿ㱣֤ҡǡһʹ 
쳤ǰ 
Ҹ㣬ʷǸǳ˵ˡҲϲӶ㲻ҲϲǸԶ㹹ߵİӣҳԱĸԣϽ̨ 
˵ά˵һжѾȥˣ 
ǹȥˣ˵þˣʷǽҡ 
άԾ̽ѯ۹⿴ 
뿪֮󣬡˵Ů͡ 
ŵȴά˼ 
֮󡭡ôؼ 
ǵġö˶˵ػš߽Ů˷֮ǰ뿪ӡ 
ά˵ 
ǰͷˡҵָơ 
Ǳǰͷ˴ġʱҽʱ;ò̫ԣҿóǱɱġǰͷǹģ䵽ϡĳ͵֮ˣ˳µѡ㵱Ʒ߿Ϊ 
ͣȻظ⣺ 
˭㣬ʷ 


9

иҪ㣬ҽ˵ 
ҽմԺ䡤йһμ̵̸ 
ƣ˵൱ 
ʱպʱ֭׼ϴһʱӡʮʮ֡ 
˯¥ 
¥´죬¥ 
άҪšñȡ¡ 
ϴʲô· 
׻ɫϸװǳǣƲ֡£Ȼ߳ȥ֡顯һǰŹϡҼߵ˷ȥıǳͣҲǵΪʲôҡǵãķˡҰͷһˮٵġ 
ûԵòʲô 
ֻ۶ѡԼҲۡһֱǷ¥ȥһӾ˯ˡ 
ǰص˵ʣƺܻ֪Ů˵Ѷֵı˺Ϳ־ԡ 
ǻصʱȼңȻиҪʡ 
ʰɣʱ˵ 
ʲôʱģ 
Ѿ߹ˡʮ㵽ҹʱ֮䡣 
֪ⲻҵ⡣ʵ˵Ŀ 
¼ 
ǵġ 
áҲʮһҡ 
Ҫ˵ģ˵ 
Ч͡Ϊʲô 
һֱΪʮʮǰطµҩʱδЧʾɱҪڸ֮ŷҸΪǰҹ 
ܡʮһֻǸ²⡣ 
ܳҹʱɣ 
ܡ 
֮󣿡 
죬ܡ 
Ŷʷûһò֤һ֮١˵ʵôӱϴ壬ǾͿԼ׷ˡ 
̳вƲˣʡ 
Ҳ˵е㲻ôΪҪҵǣĳйˡ 
񱣿 
Ĺ񱡣 
뿪ҽ֮ɿڣɴһֵܲٽΡ˼˹˼˹ֵʶÿһԼӶͷĴ󲿷˵סαʼʱ˵ŸᵡʷʮʮϴûʷһһӶͷǱ߹ʷûڴϡ 
ǷʶĪ 
ĪĪ߸ߡӢˣǱߵùݹŸᵡȥǵģ֪ûһബȥ 
˶ɴ԰Ķͷùȥ 
ҵմӶ԰ĪһĶɴ 
Īĵ뾡ܰæ 
ǵģάһӡ˵Ϸ˳һܡ˵ҲȻû֮е٣ͻȻ൱˸һ𡣡 
ҵ˽⣬һҵ㣿 
Īɫ˵ 
֪ΪʲôҾϢʷ˵ҹûңľ񲻼С߿ҳȥ԰ɢһ¡Ǿܴͷùݵζšھưɼע⵽ˡˮܵ⣡ʷҲǶŵˣŵĸζײҵĵذ󡣡 
ǴײȻأ 
ޣ̸һЩһȻά˵˶ɴˡ˵ҿȥǴԼ뵽 
ô˵ʷ϶һ𣿡 
ޣǵġκˣǶ㡣 
лл㣬Īǵ¡ 
Ǹ΢Цŵ˷ֺ˵ 
ôϸز֤άʷк⣿ 
΢һЦͻȻˡ 
찡Ҫ֤һԭ뷨 
Ϊʱ磬˵ֻǵȷ֪̩¡Īʲôط֪ʮһʮֿʼ˵ҹʱɡάʷһ𡣿ڴ֮ǰʲôطʷҲʱ 
ִŵؼ顪ѯʰ̨Сܡݷȡŵ㵽ʮ֮ĪϢʮʮھưɼ䡣Ǵ˺һֱʮһʮ֣ƺʧ١һŮ˵Īʿ̫̫һŮʿһСдּ 
׷ʱ䣬˵Լʮһ㡣 
ˣ˵ûֻǲע⵽λŮʿ(Ǯĸ)һֵôЩ֡ˡʷµʷŷʿϡ֮һɱϷˣǣһҳ 
ͣȻһ´ȡ 
ˣղķʿҵĺ֪ʲôˡǳԵͣȻءŸᵡȥҸ㿴 


10

ŷ߽߳ĵժժήĵصػƿλá 
鷿ԼԼ̸άͷ̸Ͱµ򶼼Ӱ 
ٶ߳ȥ԰ʿΧǽ̶߳߹ȥ 
ޣ찡һ̾һ˸е 
ôʿʵ 
ЦеЪ˹ζ 
ֻŻ˵ֻ﷢ɱ㻹˵ô 
ʿе˵ 
ҵ˼˵ǲַʲô 
ޣ֪˼ܿôڡµʵһѣ 
Ҳûʲôõģ𣿡 
ǵģǵġǡ벻ͨôõ 
ŶΪˡ 
Ȼ˵û޷һΪάϴӶеһ 
ȻҺܸϴӣ˵ 
ʼ硣 
ǺաҪǿά뿪֮뵽Ұء 
û˵ȥʿ˵ꡣ 
ôάƺҲϴˡ 
еֻζӴǴ۹⣬΢΢һЦҡҡͷ 
Ҳô飬ڼȻάûˣҲΪеܾеˡһô 
ʿ 
Ҳǡֻ̬⡣ô˵Żˣ 
ᣡ 
ŶѾûˡ֪άҲ߹ˡһЩһ֤ݶָɾûˡ 
ٶȴ˸ 
Ҫ˵ϲ޹ˡܵ 
װģϸᡣ 
ͻȻ˵ 
ʿڵġҵĵҪ 
š 
ǹά˹ 
ʿ̶ʯϡı˵ 
ά˹ʲô 
˵Ǹ¡йһС֣һֱ룬ʿǲǴֻ˵£˵Ŀĵģ 
˼ǣϺ˵Ǹĳһ˵ģ 
˵ǵġ 
ʿƽ˵ 
Ż롭˵ģ֪ոչʱ롣 
Ƥ 
Ż롭֪˵ôһ˵ʱضϵóǸǿһ㣬ͺѾϳ 
ţʿ˵Ҷˡ 
ΪʲôҪʲô⣿ 
룬˵һ־档Ǹ˲Ҫ 
˼˵ʱά˹Ѿ֪ɱ 
ǡ̫ڲ׽ӰˡǿֻһһԵľ档 
һֱǣΪǸòø߾ 
ʿٶǡ 
ΪҪ˵ҿʲôά˹ſԼһиǵĺá 
ǵģ˵ˣܿش˸ʿôŹ֡ 
ͻ಻á 
ָݹǼֵ¡ҾòԾ 
ԼҲòԾʿ˵ 


11

Ӷ쳤鿴ҡѾˡ֮һδ䡣ϴʱһģҲǡ 
ǸӶ쳤ָʽĸƱ¯˵㿴óǻʲôֵĵط𣿡 
һĲղķʿ˵úܺáҿʲô֣ˡˣߵԲұߵ 
ޣ˵֪עⶫҶԳԡһԾͷ롣һǱʶ뵽ǻϰ޸еԾȻҿʼ̸˹ŲָƵĹ߰ɣǵúúÿԲ򡣡 
ã˹档 
ұߵԲָƣ٣ߵǸûС 
ôҪߵǸһָŮӶʱġߵǸѾˡ 
ֽ¨Щɰֽ˹˵ҲΪʲô塣 
Ϊ㲻֪ʲôСһ㣬ҸҴǸԲһɿҾ뵽ˡ 
˹漴ǸԲ 
صģ˫ֵ˵˵ 
温ţ˵ 
аɫĶ˿ϡ 
ѪҲǰɣ˵ùԲûע⵽˿ϵһСѪҸҴһϷͷеҡȫˣ˹ϸѲⴱӡɾ֪Ҫʲô˰ɡ 
ٵ˼ϸָʾߵڣ̽ͷȥ 
һЩƻƵĶǺܿҪҵĶǴˡ 


12

Ӷ쳤߹ŷ 
ҿԸ̸һ𣬶쳤 
ȻԣŷС㡣ǽȥɣ 
ƿšѾɹʿʰɾ 
һ£쳤㵱Ȼᣬ㲻ȻΪ⡪ǿµﰸ֮ĳһ˸ɵİɣһͷĳһˣĳӣ 
˵ĵȥŷС㡣ûﰸǷӸɵġˡ 
úܴ 
˼һǡǷӣ 
ǣ쳤˵ĳðݣбˡ˲ЩΣԵķͽһͨǾǿȹ⡣ĳεɿ飬ʹťΡѵ㣬˵εܵȺÿ˶εؼʱе˵һһʵ 
ȷûκбȺĹ 
ֻǾٸ˵ʽķ񡣲ţ˭׮ﰸһĳһƫִ֧֮¡һһֱͷĹֱֱ֮⣬һжҪνˡ 
˵ 
룬мӦ֪һ¡ 
ȷظйά˹£Լ˵Ĺ¡Ӷ쳤Ȥ˵˵ϵóǸˣˣ˻Ůˣ 
Ǹǹһкʵά˹û˵ʵˡȷʵ˵˵Ǹ˵Ա䡣 
ģҲеش˵Ǹиȷϵó 
ǵġ 
һ̺ۣҲɡûа̺ۣ 
ע⵽ŷڻش֮ǰеԥ 
ûע 
ˣŷС㣬΢Ц˵ע⵽ʲô㲻øҲ֪һ𣿡 
ҡҡͷ 
ҡûע 
ĵľ岻ĻȻһǳ˼·ϣ֪ʲôʱٱǲʲôġ 
ѻصά˹ϡ 
ϱҵĽ֡ 
һʱ䡣Ȼƽ˵ 
Ƕ˵ʵģǰû 
ʲô˼ 
Ҵûʾڵô򵥵ıɱַ 
һ 
㲻Ϊ 
ΪıɱȻıɱݡǵıɱַȻǿЧȷʵЧˡ 
Ϊά˹֪ 
ǵġΪעĳһˡǲڰûָѾһ˿ÿһӣӾԽһ֡㣬ŷС㡪ǼÿһϸڶСļƻıɱҪرסҪκ֪Ѿ߹ղŸҵġסҪҪκˡ 
ͷȻһɶͷԵӡ 
Ӷ쳤˲ŷס֮ʱҪȥ¡ǸɵˡҪһЩϣµĲȥԭȵļƻµǶô 
鷿ţά 
άʶһߴòرˣһԾĺ۾ 
ԲˣӶ쳤ǸȻ˵мһûŪ㣬ʷ̳ǰʿһƲ˭̳һ룿 
ά¶ȵӡ 
Ҹ߹㣬̫󡣡 
ǵġǡһһ̫̫ʷ 
ޣˡǵģҵû˵ʱҵ̫̫µûɣ 
ʦͷ 
дŲʿı໤άʷӰµɯסʷʷ̹ƽ֡鲢δӰ쵽 
ôҾˣ˵µʷ̫̫ȫ֪Щʵɣ 
Ȼ˵ 
ôڵʷ̫̫أ 
άԵе㾪ȡޣ֪١Ҵû̸١ 
֣ᷢ˵ˡΪһƲ͹̫̫٣ҵĸоҲʸ 
ô֣ά˵൱ײ⡣ˣһ˵Ǿͼ̳вƲҵʱΪָǸҷҵһݡ 
֣˵һһ£˴˼֪˴˸ָģȴûֲ֮ 
ά˵̫ԵȤΣⰸ˵Ⲣ̫ҪǸȱǮáҺΪµеˡһֱͷܽ⽫һı䡣 
ֱʵ˵ 
ǣʱȻõһѰɣ 
άѹֵ˵ 
һֶС𣬶쳤µֱѡ 
ǳ󷽵һĿ˵µʷ̫̫һֱܾܣ˻ء 
˼˵꼴ߣκ˻ʲô˼ 
ҵ 
Ͽ˵ÿ˶ıƵĶάʷͰµʷӢʷΪɵӢŷõһı֮ࡣʿϣҲò˵һáǿ԰ʿУأΪðԼΪ˱ܵɵĻǵģͬ˵ģÿ˶ıƵĶȻûǮӸϹϵνɱ˵£ôӾǡҼʹûһ֮Ҳִס 
Լô˵Ǿ仰ʱ³˻Ѿǰһͷ塣 


13

³˻ڶͷùݵ̨ϣ棬Ŷ԰Ķ¡ 
ʱԼ˼롢ܼС 
߸ǰͼ˽ԼˣˣӸ棬мɡ 
ѵΪмĿǰûɱɱʶ˵ѾóΪȥԸеصûȤֻǹɵһһ졣ϣ㲻˽ԼҪзǱѰľˡɥʹĴ̼㲻ܽΪеȤɱ 
룬˻ΪǸ൱˵ˡ֮ڶüͷ֮ѿʼչЦݡû鱨΢Ц뵽ǸһĿﲮԼʱȻʧЦ 
˻أǰղءף׵ļʻִձϲ¼Ϊ㲻˵гÿСʱʮҪһǡոˣԴ˵Լ롪Ҫˣܻ¸˵ѵˡ㲻˵ѡҵ粻ġҵҳʵˡ֮١ 
˵꿩ЦǾһӰһš˻ؿɲúЦ 
õ˹һݺùǰ;˱ϡһ֮ڣͽ뿪Ӣȥ 
֪ʲôʹѡڵĵطȹǰڡʲôҲһֿԼԸǷȻκιȥеľС 
ȣǶôزں޸һˡһڽϸһоҲûСǵ뿪ʱеֱˡʹࡣһжѳɹȥ 
һֻȫʪյСһ½ѡʮ찲ȡС˼ 
ޣ߿ơ߿ˣɳ̲ѹʲôġԶԶľͿŵϵĳζǳˡ 
˻صıŵ˳ζ 
һõʯͷС˵ҰѳζϴǺôá 
˻ͬСƣһֻпɰëѼ̫Ƕ¶һ˺ӡ 
ˮã˻˵ˮӷΨһİ취 
֪ùɲôװ쵽û˽ԡҡ 
˻غ찲ĵشӱȥ͵͵ذŪ˻صԡϴһ˻غ찲ҲȫʪܵġϴϣƷǳˡķζòײŪĹĽζʱˣһġǸ֪ʲôζǸõġ 
СС¼˻ؿ˲١ɳȥȡϴһװ 
ǼҶʮСʱϴµ︺ŮãȻؿ 
˵˻أ»ûкá 
ӦѾˡǴӦװ콻ҲѾϴʮСʱֻʮСʱˡŮ˼ҲԹ˻ֻһ˵ӡ 
ʱ仹ûеŮĮȻһЦ˵ 
˵ 
ŮֹסЦݡһ 
ôûþǻûã˵ 
ûȥ˻˵ 
ûŮ˵ 
һҪȥ 
ҲǾϴˡرΪ񡣡 
ҲϰҪ˼رֻҪװҾˡ 
Ůûؿһۣ߽ҡʱѺҰһ̨һ 
˻˾ߡ 
൱ǣе˳ʤһ㡣ʵǣһ͵ðװȥϴ 
صù֮ǰ·һķؿšԽùݵ˰һ£һ̡װж⡪ҲʵϲҪϴ壿 
򿪰¶Ųõı顣ǼҶʮСʱϴµûЧʵ޻˵װɫҲԣ͸ϴһɫġǺ㡣 
߿ؿıǩд˻ûһ˻ص˵ģǺͿѱǩŪˡ 
ŵؿͰ͵һѣͻȻ鶯ӡ 
ȻϤζرŵζйصˣǸζ찲ȺСǧȷζ 
Ѱšװµļͷһ۵㡣ڼͷϡ 
˻룬Ƿǳ֡ 
ΣҪúõĶǼҶʮСʱϴµŮ˵ػֱǺ㣡 


14

Թ֮߳ùݣɿڵ·ȥǸ峺ҹ˸е䣬綬ζѾȥ 
˻ش϶ɴǱȥطöͷطйƻɽ·͢ùݣһڶ¶ϵľլŸᵡϵıʾдšˣǸϷ˱ıĵطùܶ˶̸ۣŮӶһиֽҲͷſһɿЩţﰸûȤ˻ظеŲ 
ǰߣɽ£һСɳ̲һЩŽ赵СԵǰȻٶʰɽֱ·ľͷͨͷС 
ͷɭֲ˻վڶ±߸Ӵ󺣡ҲվšŲ׽ʱĸܡɥŭ롪һСһѳɹȥѲ׽Щܡȡ֮һķŭСסѲ߶ԱҽԺƤСһһ衣Ϊʲô˾ͲܲҪһˣһСԾָоΨһǷȱǱҪԭ 
ʱһ뵽Ⱦжôʹ࣡侲һе޴˼Ҽ͸˼ˣΪԼͬ졣ǷǳƯǷǳƯûͷԣŮˡȻһԼԼľǰһŮ˷ɹҹգƮҷǴͷװ񡪡ֻûôۡôӲ 
Ȼɲ֮䣬˼ϷطˣӰҹɫзɱһ֣һʧһеİɫӰš±ԵһŮˣŮ׷֮;ؾܡ˽ַܲľ˽ζһӰдڳҪ¶ʱס 
ֱ˵ 
У㲻ܡ 
ץסһֻСһ㡣šĬĬţȻֻСһ㣬ͻȻһҲ 
鼱˵ 
Ҫ£ֵֵãʹ㼫Ϊ֡ 
һ죬һЦ 
˵ 
㲢ǲ֣ôΪʲô 
Եһش 
־塣 
־壿㵵÷ſ˺һվţԱ㿴 
˽˼ǿ־û⡣ǿ־ϻ۰Сÿնֻ־š 
ŵ˵ 
ʲô 
Ļش͵ 
µ 
˵ġһӡֿ±Ե 
ԭΪ⣿ 
ǵġ۾һֱš 
˻Ժ߼˼һ鴮 
˵ 
ˣɱǸϷˡȻѵ˵ 
ʷ̫̫һʷ̫̫ 
ͷԾɲš 
˻Ż˵һСҥʵϡͳ˵ 
Ǿɷ򡪡ǲǣ֤ܶݶǷĳ˹ⰲЩ֤Ҫݺ 
ͣٲֻվ˳С̬Ӱ쵽 
˵ 
סǵģôĸܡΪһŮ˶뿪㣬𣿶㰮ˡж˵˽⡣̫̫Ϊһ˶뿪ҡ 
̯̯˫ۡʼ֧֧˵ 
ǡ⡪ǡ 
ĻᶨȨ 
ؼȥ㲻ٺˡûУҲκ˰ 


15

ŷڿɳϡͷʹҾȫƣۡ 
ͥУʽ֤֮һڡ 
˵СµͿȥɳЩɫɥ̩¡Īһȥάʿϳȥɢ˳Ӷ˲㣬˵ǵһڼҡ 
Ӷ쳤涽첻Ҳǽ˴һ¡˵ǲھ͵ȥһӰǱ൱ƣʲ⣬ƽĴ̽ܡľĶ쳤֪˹ȥʮ﷢ÿһС飬ÿÿһ仰ÿһơ 
ڣһߣһоͶƽˡԼҪһСһСֻϢ 
Բ̫̫ 
ʿվߵϣһǸ⡣ 
ʲô£ʿУ 
һλʿ㡣鷿ȥˡ 
е㾪㵲ؿ 
˭ 
˵˻С㡣 
û˵ 
ǵģС㡣 
һǸżߡ㲻ӦʿС 
ʿȡ 
ҲΪǼߣС㡣ǰµСѡ 
ޣǾͲͬˡ 
ͷ߹С鷿վڴǰĸߴתʱееȡһҲǰµѡ 
ȻǺͺ˵ 
Ǹʷ̫̫ȥˡҪ 
˼ؿ 
ŷС㣿˵ 
ǵġ 
ҲҲһ԰ҡҪһӡ 
ӣЦ˵ 
ǵġӡǿܰӰʲôط 
ǰܵˡλİԶκνͣҲܾǰ³˻أ벻κκĽ֮£ǳǵؾκνֻ͡൱ֱʵ˵ҪĶԼڰѣ״̬£˻ȥѰӡ 
ʲôӣʡ 
ش 
κӶԡ 
ɵ˵ 
ҲС 
·ǰȥһӣ˻ҡҡͷ 
Ҫһӡ 
ңԥ˵ 
С 
߻¥ȥƿҵš˻վߵϣͷ̾һ 
ˡ˵ 
һӾһľϾɵĵߺһЩҧƵεһһָıϣǰֱվ︩ӡ˵ 
ҪúüסŷС㡣㿴ܵĶһҳֻûлҳ 
˵ 
е㳱ʪԵþȡ 
ˡ 
ת׼ȥ 
أΪҪ˵ 
˻΢΢һЦ 
ֻ֪ôһӣ˶ѡҲ㲻ţŷС㡪ͬʱԿ״ŰɣšԿ׽Ӷ쳤涽죬һм㡣Ǳܡ 
¥ʱԼָѡ 
ǵʱ˵ 
ǣǵģҲס 
㲻ףץ֣һաҷǳлĺ 
˵ֱ߳ǰŶȥ 
󲻾άʿ˽ҲˣŷԼĽ̩»ֵܱ൱졣һ˵Цġվкβɣ롣ڿĿ㲻ʲôһԵ¼һ˵ܵġ 
ԱʱǸճ͡ʿԴ㾪ŵӶ쳤涽ڿ 
Ӷ쳤Ǵкʱϱ൱С 
ϣûŵǣǸȻ˵һ֪һ¡˵ֻ˭ģ 
˳һֻССĻɫƤס 
µ˵ 
ǲģʷ̫̫ 
ҡҡͷ 
ǣҵġ 
ŷС㣿 
벻ǡûɫס 
ҿ𣿡֡ҵġ 
ҲԴ 
Դһ£ֻ̫Сˡ 
ŷС㣿 
Դ 
Ҳ̫Сˣ˵תµ򣺡ᷢúʡֱλŮʿС 
µӹ֡ 
άʷȻ˵ 
Ѿ߹㣬ǲףӡ 
˵Ҳˣˡ 
µ˵ҵġ׿࣬𣿡 
˵ 
Σ㷿䴰ֵⷢģʷ̫ڳ桪ֻ 
һͣ١µſ˵ʲãȻֱڶ쳤ֱ֮£۵ʹ 
άǰ 
ţ쳤 
Ҳǿ˽¸̸̸ɣʷ˵ 
Ȼԣ쳤鷿ȥɡ 
ͷλȥ 
鷿һأά˵ 
˵ʲô̫̫Ĵôһ£ 
ƽ˵ 
ʷ﷢һЩصĶ 
άüͷ 
أ˵ʲô˼ 
һ㿴 
һͷʾ⣬뿪鷿ʱһǳֵߡ 
˵ 
ͬģװһӻȡĸ򡪡صһһĵͷȻ˿İϡ˶١ɵɱ˵ 
£άһʲôطҵ⡪µĶ 
򱻲øɾŻػϡȻˣûϵ˿˿ϷѪͬأͷͰҲõĽһȻ㶪¥µĳôĻһҪҪңû˻ע⵽ 
쳤 
ֻе¡ 
룬ûָưɣ 
ǰģǿʷ̫̫ģ㶼ù˵ָơͬʱҲмʾ֮׶ˡֻһߵָơ룬µġĵĽϡĿǰҲ˵˭ָơһмһᡣ 
ͣһ£Ȼ˵ 
Ҫó𾪵׼ʷĿǰһ⡣ȷεľۻǳԼǰµʷ̫̫ģ 
µû¡µ򡪡 
Ŵ򿪣߽ 
Ǹǣ˵Ҫ롣 
άתһŵɫ 
ɲȥѣ˽˵¡ 
Ǹҿɹܲôࡣ֪ἰһ˶١µ֡ 
µָʲôϵάŭʵ 
Ŷأʲôϵһûȷµ˵Ҫ޸ң֪˵Ȣ 
Ӷ쳤һάת 
Ǹ쳤ָš 
˵ 
νʷһиҪ㡣װϣʱǼɫװ¼ͷнɫͷ֪֪ЩͷôŪģ 
ҵͷ 
ᣬͷŮʿͷϻһͷ 
Ǹ̫̫ġġЩ˼ǰµģܿܡ̨۲סͷҼǵá 
˵涽˵ͷӦϡ 
ǵڰʾʲôά˵ 
ϻзۼ˵Ȼ1šһζ˶ҼǮƻױۡɱ˵ֻױۣʷΪҲ㡣ʷ̫̫õƵġµʷȷõȻ1š 
ڰʾʲôάظ˵ 
ǰ 
ڰʾµʷ̫̫ĳһʱǼסմͷͻױ۵Ψһ͡ѿҸոøǿ˰ɣûոֻֻ֣֡ӿڴϡֻͰ͵ģմаɫİߵ㡣 
άе־˵ʲô 
Ѫʷᶨ˵Ҳע⵽֡µʷ̫̫Ʋӡҿֶ˿ȱʱҾע⵽ˡдϵĸֱ̱Ƶߡ¯ϵԲ䴰ףǼͷͻױۣ̫ѨܻǴڵλòκվǱߡҲ˵ǼǳŤ¡һƲ˵Ȼˡ 
άмشЦ 
ڰʾµ򡪡µΪ˵õϷ˵ĲƲһȫ׼Ϸˣ 
ҡҡͷ 
û˼ҺܱǸʷ˽ʵӣʼաͷһֱָ㡣뿪µʷһֱģһᱨͷе㾫ʧҲľ״̬һֱͲôȶҲ뵽ɱ㣬⻹뵽ıɱ̡ѡ֪ʹ˷Ǹ֡ԷǼףˣԱմѪǰͷ˷ڵϣ֪ǻҵָƣͬʱͷͿѪͷ˿һͷġΨһ޷Ԥϵһ¡ǾǴҰأؿȥ 
ά˫档˵ 
ⲻġⲻģµûǺ޹ҡȫˡֱʵˡкһ 
̾˿ 
ҲۣʷֻҪ׼һҪʷ̫̫ҪߡѾȡþв֤취Ҹʦ 
ֱǻ 
Ļתɺޣʷ 
Ҹ˵ȫˡ 
ʿϲ죬ƽá 
Ҫ˵άһ㡣ѵ㲻ΨһܰµǣЩйʿĹʵ˵𣿡 
ʵָࣿһһ 
ָµǵǼʵתλ١֪쳤ʵˡάû뿪µ뿪ҵܵǵˡǵһγɥάеʿԴµ飬Լ 
𣬡άص˵֪֪ 
ǵдŸң·֮ǰʿ̵ؽ͡˵㿴쳤ⲻͰνĶ޳ˣµûɺά෴ģɸмǧټƵҪһܾѡˣҪʱȻ޷ܾ 
ǿάе˵ɰĶ޳ˡʿ˵Ķԡ 
һľΪ 
ֻǡһ£˵ҲһǴˣʵһ¡еʵʾ 
ά˵ 
ǰеʵʾ 
ƺе 
⵹ʵ˵ʷҪŵģҪĳһͬʱĳһˣʹļıⷽʧˣǿ԰Ѽͷתµʷܲ뵽κ˺Ҳǰޣʷ 
άͷٶȴ£ 
ôһ˵Ե̫׽Ӱˣ 
Ϊǲ׽Ӱҵʵ¡ʷ̫̫κν͡ 
ʱκν𣿡άʵ 
ûõģʷҵִҵְ񡣡 
Ȼվ뿪䣬άϽ 
Խͣ 
µʷվ߹ȥֱŰӣ˫΢ţν΢Ц 
ǳ͵˵ 
Ҫң𣿡 
ӱ÷ǳʽ 
ʷ̫̫зݾв֤ʮգһıɱұҪ˵κһ仰¼ͬʱʱΪ֤ݡ 
µ̾һһСƽ縡񱴿һ㡣 
ֱһѡҺܸѾȥˣ 
ά 
µ򡪡ʲôҪ˵Ҫڡ 
΢΢һЦ 
ǣΪʲôάʵҺۡ 
һˣˡ̫񣬵Ȼʡٷգ֪˾ôϼһһ˹ӡֱֱؿǾҵŮˣ޷Լ۾һǸȤİӣοš 
Ȼ󣬸߳ͻʿд򿪿ƣ 
˻ 
˻ػĿģ粽ֱֱӡ 
ǲǸӵľ٣ʵ 
ǡ 
ôЩҪĻҪ˵Ǹû㣬һǡɿĳµҪԣҸողͨ 
һۡҿɲ˽¸̸̸ 
ת档 
ʷ̫̫𣿡 
һ˵ 
ǵģ١ 
ȻǰսһλĶϸһ 
ת˻ء 
 
·߽鷿 
ˣôһ£ҵͬ¸ǰ㡪ȥ궬죿 
˻˵ͼɱ˵һ֡ 
˻ 
ȥһͼ¶ͷɱ꣬طþɵءһߵվһʱ䡣ҸӴ󺣣ͷ壬Ȼ࿴Ҳ˵ҿⴱӡ¹ҿԿ൱ 
ǵġ 
ֱҲ뵽ɱϡ 
ǰ 
ġ 


16

ֻԼңӾͻصʱЩ˵ƺˡ 
ڰӻص֮ǰͻȻʧȥơ԰µ˵ 
Ҿ֪㡣һֱ֪㡣Ҿ֪ʲô 
ŷѸ˵ 
벻Ҫ 
ά˵ 
죬ϵ۵ķϡ 
̩¡ĪʼĿ߹ȥ 
侲һ㣬ʴȵ˵ 
ߵضά˵ 
˽⿭ѹжΪʲô㲻չһ㣬ʷ 
û¡˵ 
һȣ̩˵Դ뿪һȺ 
涽ʱ򣬺ܶǷ˼Ļ˵ҵǣºЩͨμڸͷ 
ӻصϺޱ顣 
˵ʷ̫ʰһ¶𣿱Ǹ涽øһ¥ 
ŷ˵ 
Ҳȥ 
Ů˺涽ȥ֮άȲ˵ 
Ǹһʲô 
̵˵ 
˻˵һǳŹֵĹ¡ 
԰µаǲԾɾĴ 
Ѿ߹ˣʷҵִҵְ񡣡 
άתȥϼеıʧ 
˵ 
룬ô绰ᡣ 
üʷ˻Ĺʣһʵ顣Ȱʷ̫̫˵ 
µ¥涽һԡԾңɼĹɫ 
ά˫ſ 
µ򡪡 
䵭ɨ˵ 
ûϵάҲںʲôں 
ʿվڴűߣҪס·һ㡣 
һ˿΢ЦĴǡ 
ʵʿ˵ 
˵ 
ʲôġ 
ûʲôˣµ˵ 
ͷʰø߸ߵ߳ȥһţ˹Ѳڼʻµ˳ӡ 
̩¡Ī͵˵ 
˳ 
άŭɶתӶ쳤زм䣬Բ˵ 
ͬҸո˵ģҪʵ顣˻ڶɿšʮ֮ڵǽͧŮʿôůһ㡣ʮ֮ڣһ㡣 
̨һ㣬ָһȺԱ̨һҲ󲻽ף 
------------------ 







 







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1

ˮ쬵ģӵϴһСƤëпˡͧڡŸᵡ·ĺӵǰȻָŸᵡɭɭĶͷС塣 
һȱǰӶ쳤ÿζ֣ͨ־ı׾Աʾʱδ˳ˮ֮⣬һƬĬ̩վһ𣬸ˮ档άͧϣȳſŷʿڴסÿ˶ʱԺ۹վڴβ˻ǸߴԶӰûǣֻǱǣ˫վ 
ֱͷɭӰ£ӲŽٶȣ˵ 
˼ǵĿǣӳ˵ 
ǸǳŹֵİӡŹֵİ֮һȴ̸̸ıɱ⡣Ҫ˵ĲҵĴʵʦʵ˹˵ģҲ˵ġһУ 
¾ǣ㿴ıɱıߣȷ˵һıɱС˵ʱͨ㶼ȿıɱȫˡıɱںܾǰѾʼһıɱǺܶ಻ͬļ㣬һжĳһضʱ̻㼯ĳһضص㡣ǶΪ˲Ԥ֪ԭ򱻴Ӹͬĵطȥ˻ΪҪطͼɱľɵءıɱǹµĽ֡ǡʱ 
ͣһ¡ 
ھǡʱ 
תֻΪ˻ûתͷãȻ 
ŷ˵ 
˼˵֮Ǻܶۻ㣿 
ŷС㣬Ǵֻ֮֮ҪĿ֮¼˵ıɱıɱµʷ 
ÿͻȻһ֪ǷĳͻȻ 
ﰸ൱֮ǰͼƻˡҲȥ궬졣ƻ굽ÿһСϸڶźˡһĿֻ꣬һĿ꣺ǾǰµʷҪֱȥ 
ǸĳΪǳķǳթļƻͨΪ˲ȰǿһЩ滯˲Ĳάʷ֤ݡڿһ׼֤֮ΪǲΪ⡪׻֡Ȼϸ˼ͻᷢвڰµʷ֤ҲǼġ¯ȡµסմѪ䴰ĳʹõĻױմ׵ڲ࣬мͷָƣȻȡĽϡǸƲӣ÷װֳλùϵ 
Ҫ֤ʷ̫̫ˡҲκһˣ֪Ǹ˳⣩ڿǾвʱֱ֮󣬻޹ġȷʵˣҪΪҸ˵һ飬ԼҲ޹ġҿǸӣĻʱһΪ֪֪һŮǸȫһӣԼʵ޹ġµʷҵ͸ǸŮһ 
ҵִҵְ֪ǵٵĵø֤¡Ǹǵĸо뷨ҿԸǣһɲ֮䣬漣֡ΪҲ֪漣֮⻹ʲôȵǿŮʿ 
ˣ漣ˡ̾ͳˣ 
˻ͻȻ֣˵Ĺ¡ 
ͣ 
˻ҵһ𣿡 
˻תԼ̵̡ľ˵ţΪž˵ 
ȥһ±˴Ӷ¾£ԼطþɵصԸ˵ȥ 
һϵվ˼룬ʱһʮһҡᵶϵǴӡ֪ǡŸᵡ 
˶٣Ȼ 
һӴǴӵһֱ䵽ҿһӡ 
һŷ˵ 
ôվǸˣκһ˶޹ءһ 
Ҫ̫¶ۣ˵ĳԺӵһˣΪӾӡӣĳһйء 
̵ؼ˵ȥ 
֪ĳںӵһһһĳʮ뵽ʮһʮ֮䲻ӰιλȥĳӦˡ 
һ˵ǰɣĪ 
̩˺һУ 
ҲӾҶ֪ҲӾҲӾ 
Ȼ̩ǲӾС 
𣿡Ӻʵ 
ǰƶ̩һƶһ׾ĶȻˮ 
ࡣӶ쳤ǵ˵Īˮˡ 
ά׼ȥʱӵһϻǯؼסάֱۡ 
ʷð·ŪʪˡǱ¡ǱСϵ㡣һȤ˵ǲӾûϵѾȥˡԺǸֻһ֤ʵһ˲ӾǾǰˮ￴֪ʷϲ³סҵųĪһֱֻʧ飻ӡ 
ӵź 
ֻˣʷһ˶ԱɽҡӾֵȵȡǴʮĶɴûʮһʮ֮ǰû֤ڶͷùݣԼ˵ʱڵĪ 
άֱۡͷһЦ 
ڰʾ˵ιӣӡ 
㷿Ĵڵӣ˵ 
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ǣ˵ǾԲǸ⡣ 
ΪʲôҪɱ 
㲢룬˵ȷʵҪΪһ˶뿪Ůˡľе쳣֪Сʱʼ˳㣬ѾǼİӡκ˺˶ܵͷĳͷ˵ù֡԰µ˵İµ򡪡ޣİתɺ֮ǰǰûΪĳرĳʹʱʱһҲںƻƱҪɱһĸһŮˡ 
ά൱˵ 
һɺԣû裬û衣 
Ӳм˵ 
̵ʹ𣬵뿪һܵʱ˵ģһ뵽ȻȥܲˡΪӣװ뿪ȢһŮˣǸŮ˰㣬ȡűˡһֱڼƻԸµ벻̸õıַ⡪ϧͷԻã 
ά˫綯һ£һֹŹֵ䶯 
Ӽ˵ 
ɡǰͷ˵£ЩָĴµһһֱ֪ʲôһڰ͵ЦΪûɵ㣡ЩɱֶǿЦļһô⡣Ϊǹˣʵɵÿ 
άֵļ 
Ǹ⡪ǴԲ벻Զ벻ҪΪⰮµĳСӣԴոÿһϸڶƻˡÿһϸڣ˲û취¡ô֪ϾȻ֪µǵ֮£µ°ɱİµ򡪡ñõҪҪҪҺҸҪ 
߿İʧάȥʼ 
ޣ찡ŷ˵ 
촽ǰ׵ġ 
Եͳ˵ 
ǸҵñԼй֪֤̫ˡ 
άȻڳҭؿţ红һ㡣 
ҪҪ 
ŷתʿϡ 
ס˫֡ 


2

һֱе־壬µ˵ 
ͥԺ̨ϡµڿӶ쳤ĵطӲļڣѵŸᵡ 
־塪һֱǣµ˵ 
ӵͷ˵ 
ҵһοʱ֪µҪֵѹסһַǳǿеǰҲǺޣʵǿ־壬𣿡 
ͷ 
ǻ󲻾ҾͿʼά֪µҲ֪ΪʲôΪҷˡ 
˲㣬˵ 
Ҽ޸ʱҿάƺô죬˺ 
Ȥ˵ݵ˶Աķ緶֪ϱôõķȣ˵˶ԱĽɫӮñҪѹȻݽɫǻѹֳë 
ģµŵ˵ز¶Īֻżһ仰һ񣬾͹񡭡ʲôŹŹֵֹġͬ˵ģΪһԼŹ֡ұԽԽ¡ֲĪ־壬֪ܣ 
ҸԼҿˡĪκΡҸеҪһеߣǵˣ˵ңһһܺöҰȫ 
ͣ 
֪ôӳȥҪǵ𰲻桪ȴԶˡˡҸеάĹ 
Ҳ˵ 
µתһš 
ޣΪ 
Զ֪ǿ԰ŵġҪȥˣʷ̫̫ҲֻǴɷĳ 
ҡʱȫˡһصʦȥǵ𰲵ļǱдŸĸףȻ֪뻹ǲҪʹࡣȻάһ͵ˡǳáʴȡҸ̸ʱһֱµúѹ˵ûбҪκ֪ǵ𰲵£˵ҿԸ飬֤ݣ˵ȢҾ÷ǳм֪һֱΪϣһкתҿ԰ǹŹֵǿԹȻΪһԼŹŹֵֹġ 
Ȼûа취ѡġҴӲһѡһڹ԰ά˵ĺҪҺͿѣͬʱ˵Ǿ·һ޷ܾܾܾЩº󡣡 
ͣӶ쳤˵ 
µ 
ǵģˡ 
һзǳ˵ÿһ˿˵⣬ÿһ˶Ϊǡ 
µ˵ 
Ȼһجһ֪ʲôµ¾Ҫ֪άһһҪһᷢϡҲ֪ʲô顣Ϊ֪ľҪˣұŵ̱ˡһУĳҪ˶ȴҲܶ 
һֱΪӶ쳤˵뿴һ߰һֻСŵôסˣɲˡҿɲȷǲ뿴־󡣡 
µ˵ 
ʱһ˽ôһ¡ұԻסˡûɵά֪ںǮΪΪ˼̳Ӣɱʵǻ뷨 
һٵά˹ԼϽĹ¡ʱҲûάһά˹ĳϵϳܾǰǸӡԼе̺ۣҲΪκһκ˼עıǡ 
˵ŷСһ縰׷ʿֽӲֻܲǵ˵Ľ̩¡Īͷ­״еŹ֡άʷ 
ͣ 
άȻûκϵ쳣֮ɣ 
ޣССָСָ̡ǳѰʷ̫̫ķǳѰ 
ԭ⣿ 
⡣ 
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ǵġﵽȥٻϺĪͷӺȾʱҼʡµİ취һǷа취֤ıɱ 
µٶȲ 
ˣˣ˵һжѾȥˣװġɡ 
ǳкüû˵ô໰ˣ 
ιͳʲôʱάʦİϷ 
Ҳ֪ȷʲôʱͻȻȫ׹ˡԼϴӣʣǡȻͻȻ֮䣬ҿڿҡһֻԷЦ񡣵ʱҾ֪ˣǸʱ򡪡 
ͻȻͣ 
Ǹʱô 
µ̵˵ 
Ǹʱ˶ϡá 
Ӷ쳤ҡҡͷ 
ҵ 
ޣ˵û㲻֪õĿ־ʲôζ̱ûа취˼ûа취ƻֻȴſµ鷢ȻһķˡͻȻ΢΢һЦֽѸлеȣٵȴ¡Ѿˡ룬ΪҾ൱ңҸ㵱ıɱʱһҲںάѾóˣһѾ涽һ뿪Ҹеôذȫ 
һԭ򡣡˵ҪǸӵħצ֮⣬ҪҪƱҪ𾪵ЧΪļƻѾóˡһЧ͸󡣡 
µ˵ 
Ҫûб᲻κ֤ݣ 
ࡣ˻˵һ¹ʵӵ֤ʡ֤ʵ˵ʣڸ¥ϣеʪ֪꣬ 
ֱͣŰµ򿴣ڴ˵ʲô 
ֻһȤӣ˵ȥ 
װȻڶͷǱҹɫµʯϣװʯ÷ŵһǰ˳ϰϡͷմһ۵㡪гζҷ֣ùǱ˵ˮܳëάԼɢȥ˵װͷ£ǳζ˳װ⣬ϽҸȥϴµϴŪɳ׾ǣûиϴµһùס޵ǼǲϿ֡õװиͷԣһʵһ𡣳ҹ·Ӿװͷǲģֻȵѣܲñ۰ȥû˻ھҹˮӾȡ֡鴮ǳˣ˻ 
ֻǴµ˵ 
ţҲɡ벻֪һЩҿԸһЩȥľ 
µ۾šӷǸڡ 
˵ 
Ƿܶһһ㡣 
ҪǷҶ飬Ӷ쳤˵Ҳô͸ôӽ忴 
壿ʲô壿 
˷Ľ塣һֱе㲻ԾҴӶ¥¥ݣӵǸľʱһˡ 
µԾһãȻӡ 
֪ɣǸصڡάʷڳ֤˵˲ǵʲôȻǵãΪû壡άͷߵǸ컨ϵߡ԰¥άʷ¥ţ˺ö˶˵ػšǸŮ͵ǿסġΪҹ֮ǰͻᷢıɱҩʲôôʮ֮˾ʱҩԻȫʾıɱԼڵģҿԸάһʱݵڡ˵ĽɫȻתάɹϴӣû˻ϲùȥȷʱ䡣֪ûдɴҲûԼʣĿֻӾǸӾǶ˵ʱһҲǷǳ١ԭȵ䴰ϵӣڵذ˺ܶˮͬע⵽ġ 
źǵʱûζȻɫ׺ͿӣǱ˵ķȥľͲ˵ˡҪ˼ӵ£ѾǸ򡪡Ȼط·ʻӣصͷùݡ 
һأ 
Ҳ˵ҩһǡͿʼһֱǷ߹ҡ֮⣬ĸһܣһ֮£Ҳòỵ¡ 
Ҿ룬Ƿע⵽ϵĸ򲻼ˡûע⵽ʲôʱŻȥģ 
ڶϴҶڳֵʱ̩¡Īĳһص֮ϵʱʰо֣޺õȵȡˣԴķʽϷ˵ġ֪ΪʲôװƲӸɵġʷķһĿұ죬ǵðɣ 
ҪҪ˵ˡµ˫֣޷ȥˡ 
΢΢һЦ 
̸һ̸кôʷ̫̫ҿɲðһҸ棿 
˵ 
һɱһ˰ꡪκŮ񾭱һУʷ̫̫㲻ٸе־ˡԼ跨⵽һ㡣 
µȻһЦϽıѾʧϵһеӣȴŵףֻ۾˸м֮顣 
Ҳ֪øô֣ 
Ӷ쳤˼š 
һѵ£ȻȥҸ˵ 
³˻ʰҡ 
СذŽȻϴµûɫװͬġ˻ءϴװɰϴµŮͿˡ 
 
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ܣֵóѡɡ 
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һҪÿ 
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ǲ˽⵽ڶϵ㡪סҡ˵ؼȥҲῴ㱻ʱǲǵʱ˽⵽һЩҪ֤ݣ 
ȫǣ˻˵ҵº롣 
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˻ý˵˼ʱе 
ĻҴ㱣㲻˵ 
µ˫շ졣 
һҸɵأ 
ǲʲôͬ 
ôǲΪڵģ 
Ҳûȥ⡣ҵ޹ģҵжδκӰ졣 
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˻سĬ˼ӡȻɤӡ 
룬֪޷ҲûһӡʵҲܿΪϵͷȥһǴװƶϳģ¥ϵʪʪ֤ʵҵƶϡ 
µɫһɺתסŵ˵ 
˵Ǳģ 
ƶϲܵӡҷǵ˵ۿĲɡ 
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һᡣ 
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㡪ǸΪԸ˵ٻɱˣ 
ҺӳʵѾֻбҪġ 
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㣬˻˵ 
µͷε 
㲻øеǷһ֮ġҲˡѾȡʷĿڹǲҪҳ֤Σ˵㣬ܻϷͥˡ 
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ϲɣ 
ϲĿе 
˻صͷ 
ҲǶͬС 
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µĻ˵ 
̸ʱҺ¹¿ģּˡһ䡪˵ꡣ 
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ǵʵһһǷܿκζ 
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֪װ˵㿴ľʵġ⵹˵ΪʲôҪ跨άһҺǵ𰲵£ͻάʱ֪͵ﰸ֪ȷĻǰˡôҪĳЩάϵ֤ݡͬ˵ģҪ漣ĳ־ǰӶ쳤Ľ 
˵֣˻صȻ˵ 
ˣ֪µ˵漣رΪҳֵ漣 
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ҲҪеǷʲô顣ҾͽȦӡ 
һҪ𣿡µ˵ 
۾γ֣Ӷһֱ쵽̫Ѩ 
˵㲻һߣ 
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֪һǳѵ¡ȴһ˵Ҫ¡֪ʱǳ̴١˳㣬ǸؾɵˣǶ֮ǰȽ飡 
Ȼ˻𾪵˵ܲΪһκ롣 
㲻ᣬµ˵ 
˻˵ 
Ҳϲ͡ΪǸϲôõİļһ顣 
ʿװģʵʿ̫ʵˡǶԶǰϵǸŮʵϲŷԼ֪ 
˻һᶨ˵ 
ո˵Ŀǵ棿 
ǵġԶһ뿪㡣ˣҾԶҲκһһˣһˮԶű˵ӡ 
˻̾һȡƤУϸز鿴 
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һر֤ҪǮһȥǮ 
ҿԽһЩǮµ˵ 
ɲ¡ҪȢһŮˣ֤ҪҸǮ㶮𣿡 
㲻ãµ˵ôӡ 
˵ 
ϴץסʱһֻС񡪡ҪѡԶӲˡ 

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