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ǽֻкã˭֪кϡͥڿݲ̿ɷͥиͷ硣 



һСʫ֮жٿȻݿȴÿһλ֮˶ġ 
Ȿǰ֪λĶ̾ЩںеŮǵ£ڱ龰ϣȴһζ 
ﳽʳĹźĲֻŮӣӡ 
ңһ˺ţҪഺ껪ĵطȥԼ֪ˡ 



ͷظأֵ弸 
ҵļңλڳǵĶϣȨΧڣЩĹǽڣôԶҲġ 
ֻܿ߶ѻԽƲ㡣 
ֻҪ˰ɡ 



ˣǸҡԭҲҶôҪģ빬Ը˼ˡҶΪ罫˼ǰԺ·ֻܿԼˡ 
תͷŶǰǼ֮Сγ԰ֱƶࡤҶᰡʱҵüĿǰܹ˶ԡ 
Ͳʲô۵ĳ򣬺ܿͱС 
֮һʮӹȣ֪ʲôֵڵ 
һվǰĹǣұ֪Ҫѡɸѡ 
ѡ̣涨棬ѡΪƷϹԱ֮ӣʮʮ֮䷽ʸʵ˵˱ 
諒ʳпţз磬ڹٷҲȢмޣֻλҪȻͳŮΪϱҪ͵ö࣬󲿷ŮΪ޵ġ 
ˣͲʽŮνɸѡ߸ҪеģĽྻ棬ϾҲ޵Ŀܡ 
ȻΡǻƤһعҽרһ߰ӣһʱʮӣʽһѡ 
̣εݡ 



ʵ࣬Ըƽƽȵضȹʱ⣬̸ѡʱ˳Ӧе 
ȻϣԵʱ̲ռÿÿ⵱УЩǾܹ˻Լòֶϳңʹһϯ֮صģʹЩݺܵľߣҲô˾档 
Ϊ֪ˣҲδĳЩһϸ´ԼòҲδԳκι⻪ȥκ˵ע⡣ 
󹬣ԭǷ֮أҲˡ 
Ա֮Ҫһʼ㲽Сġ 



Ÿѡε빫Ǵ鹬˷䣬̺Ȼɫһһɨˣǰȴ⿺ɤ˵λӣū﹧ϲǵ빬̷ܹϵٳ裬ˡū죬ǸҪСĽҪôūҲ޷ġʱΪ׸̩ɽڹλǾˣһº󣬱ǻϽӼǵʱ֮ǰѧϰڹأ鹬ںദˣҲūǺūԾڴˣæµһ죬ҲˣھɹǴλӻطϢ 
΢΢Ц֣ⷬѹǸֺõλ빫Ϻ֮Ǹ˲ˡ 



ŷ䷿ʱԹ۲һʮλѡߡ 
ʵ˵ѡ˭ãÿεźѡǵϷѾĻ˼ǲģȻĿ˵ٺǴͬҲǿڻеʣճд󳼣ʹǶԻʼЧң 
ձֵסģƶҵˡ 
Ǵ֮ӣбʶ֮ˣƽղӵѰԺд䣬븸õļУͬӵҲǱ˴˾ġ 
ռҵĴϯҵ֪ĵܵϯ̩Ҳѡ빬кѽյҵߣس˹һѽš 
˵ʵµĻϯ̩ǽǶʮ꣬ҵҪСһ£ϯҴֻ꣬ϯ̩Իôƣϲ֣Щռܳ衣 
ҶᰣҲˣղһֱ㣬㶼ûעңһ˹Ͳǵء 
⻰˵ЩֱˣȻ֪ӣҲûϣǳЦ£֡ 
ôᣬֻǽʱ̫ЩûϸΧ 
˵ҲǣҲͦŵģֻôҪôŰҪҲûô⡣ϯ̩ЦǺǵؿܡ 
⻰˵ò֪ôˣܽĪĸݣϵĶ䣬ԵϧŶԡЦһ䣬ȴһݣϯ̩棬Ȼ˼ɣղ⻰䵽˵ĶУһŤʲô˼ȴȫ֪Щϸ 
ϯ֮ܣ治ԱٲҪٷģ֮ΪϯܵܲС 
վţѸ򷿼ȥˣɨۣµдӦΪʡֻвףཻȴǲҲͲкֻϯ̩е˵ 
ȻǸԣȻѽ˹ȴֻۣһȦιһʹڣ˳㻻ס꣬Ȼٻؼȥ 
뷨γҸȻۣȴ׿֡ 
ҲֻЦſ˵ŴһΣ·һܿһȥֻҪڹɹĵһ졣 
Ҫǵģ߰ٶҹңʱǲһлܹ߳⹬š 
ˣ°죬̧ͷƬգصĻƺӽӽˡ 



źҵһ빬һС̫࣬ԭ㱻Сӣֻʮ꣬õϸ£ҲɣֻЩ 
ҲҪһô˰ߣԼķҲҪƣﻹܹϢƬ̵ʱ 
Сõһ㣬ǼΪֻʱѶƴӣ˵ʲôΪΣҲֱʡȴҶٿʱ䡣 



ڻʹӭӵĵһ峿һѣʱһΪ˴̶Щϰߣ˯ⲻЩʱûȻ۾ȴöֻſϷԸ׼ˮϴ 
ˮҪٴδӣȴվﲻ˵ط 
˯΢̧ۺôֻ֪վšһֻ֧ԳͷһֻԴ齱ߴȥ֫ʹҹ﷭̫౻ѵܣֻ˵ʹã鹬ĴȴȻȲҼŽ齡 
һСȴûطŻ˾ЩЦԭ⺢Ӿֱֱؿҿסˣϻ˺ΣɷȤ 
Щߡ΢½ãָҵķ˿ȻЦЦ˵ѵҪҹȥźô 
СŻߵͨ죬Ͻˮ߽ǰһš˽һ߻ŵⲻǡ 
ȻƽЩ赭дذϴɾͷ 
ͷ£ڼԭѾǾֵģֻ⹬ǵһӾ̫ҲֻСһԣҲѡ 
ҵû뵽٣ȴɣɱ㽫ҵķ˿ͨ˳ٹ̶Ȼ˸Ҫȥȴһס֣Ӱ˳ 
һɨľݸͺá 
СӲΪβѡԹصĽʹľǰҵĻˡ 
̧ۿͭڶ꣬ɵüλӡ 
⹬Ϊ׼Ķȫ֬ˮۣһ٣ȻʼղмǿŮ̬飬ʱȴæ 
ҵֻ̼˳ССؼȥһطŵϣһˮˣȻٻϷۣԭϸȾķ۱ƫɫЩͿϣЧãǾͷĵؽϸͿĨˡ 
һվ֮ǰ̫仯ֻǷɫЩԳһֲİҲֱҲͿһĲ 
ӣǡһֱСӿ졣 
ûʲô֮лˡս֮ǰҾ磬ֻõŪõϸֵۣҪõö࣬ϧܴ 
˼װϣʱÿеĲµļ·ӶǲģֻɫͬҲͲöʲô˼ֻذСΡ 
ţٴμȷһжʰ׵ҲŲţ̻ϵһ 



Źأ½̽Ҫȥݼ鹬еľʮǻʮʼѡ̣պǵ졣Ϊѡ빬ĿʵǿƳҪ˲ŮһУһ󲿷˾ᱻŻңֻ˲Żᱻյڹ⵱Уݾʲôԭ򣬾Ͳǿϵˡ 
ѡʮˣµȴλ˻ӣҲɵú 



 



ʼҹŮȻΪʺ·ֹɡˡڡӦȼ𣬹ǰޣͳơ̡Ȼڹеģ⡰ţΪеλߡȻҲз⡰ʸֻҪӻģлн׶ 
ϯ̩һңǰסҵֱۣߴ˵ͣ޷ǳָܣʳΣΣ浱˰һ 
˵һͣʱע⵽ң棬´ʣû˯ôôɫӡ 
̫ϸҳǰȥ߲űߴ𣬡ûʲôԼϴɣӦþͻˡ 
ϯ̩ȻЩɻ󣬵ȴû룬˵ͷˡ 



һ̫һ·鹬סĵطЩ̵ͨķǲͬ 
ȽС̫ǽƫֻһڿĳϣȴִ 
ǵĽŲתͷɨһȦȻŷеıʣ塣 
ҵģ͵һϣôҲ޷ƿ 
òüĿ续ɽΪǣˮΪԻΪɫΪͫƮò˼еʣںһ𣬷Գһ㡣 
ҪʲôʾĻԼǣϼ 
֪ģԼò˵һǴŵӡȻ˱ȴԶԶ 
ֱɣֻԵ뷲¹ȥŶٵ 
ǣǣЦȴƷЦ 
һ̫ѳѣλǻô 
һ㱻סŻعȻ빪 
ضˡ 
ʼΪƵйһ㻬ҵĶĤüһ 
ĿⲻܿƵȻǲ֪Ƶģ滭ȫһˡ 
Ĭվ˰Σ˵˽ϸ˵ľǰˡ 
أ뵱ҲĹӣŮӷİû뵽 
ԭλ֮ӣ 
ϵĲ죬£һǴϯģΪôӣʮо٣ʮʫ϶ͷͷһʱ޶˳ơ˭ʮʱһѡ̱빬ӴѶ֮䣬Ĺâ٣Ҳֻǵ˼ڹеĶӡ 
ϯݳʼ֪Է顣 
ԭҲûʲô˵ĻҶͬˣֻһ䡣 
ҲŴ˼֪Լղžûˣæ˼ֻ˵֮ʱвδͣʣǶֽϸϸ棬·ǲֵĵ¡ 
ǡ˹һҪʱ̼ǵãУѭ浸أҪﻹǼͺá 
ӦǡҲͲˣǳȥˡ 
ٳǰվڶĩβ̲סͷķȷе˵ķ 
ڿ壬ֽģ΢޻͸죬ŷţһ崿ޡ 
ʱպҲعͷĿӣͫն 
Ƭ̣΢΢һЦȻ˵ͷ 
תͷżͣٵؿ첽׷ǰ顣 



ʱ֪һۣ˶ٵֻ¶ٵĹ 



֮ӣ빬ꣻ򺱣֮ӣ빬ꣻƽþܳ¡ܣܳ¡ƽ֮ӣ빬ꡣλ鹬ڳʮ̡֮ 
Ϊ佫֮ӣȻƲ׳˶ҲνĽʵ˵ˬʣԸҿϯ̩Щ֮ 
ܳ¡ͬڹʱұʱǸ֮ˣƾԺգ࿡ھǻ֮ھĹ£ѿҲ֮أȻɫưȴδֺ 
Ҳȥ鷳鷳ҲңϾʱ½עĿ֮ˣҵӺ֮ǿȥͷβչ 
Եʻ֮£ʶ 
˵Ҳֻһգʹܵǰݼ飬ӦˣԴ˺ҳȥ֮ 
ʶӽ̹׵˵ȻҵĿиأ鹬ٵһпȻڱףڹ꣬԰úãϵ̵һȵλ֮ò£ûЩֶ͡ 
Ҳܲϵһԭǣķ緶ȣҡ 
£ȴƫ׿ 
Ҳߢ֮ģֻǵ볤˼ͷܹΪΪ֪ѿ㡣 
֪Ȼһժ£ֻԼָ 



֮£֮ʱŪʫٻ裬Ȼ졣䣬Ȼһ³̾ϣƷǵܳһ㣬Ϊ֮۷ 
ǸģãǱ裬ƳӽһϺڰתһЦ 
˿бϣϸƮ㣬ֻ֪˼δ 
¯ůƣƺУСȡŵһϣֻƱһˣߵǰ 
ƱһֻԼУһֻ 
ůůθɣС 
ӹӽСϣһסδص֡ 
ĿĬĬңϲޱ˽뷨Ҳֻؿ 
ҵ֣ƣڿҪҵʱ΢΢Цˣָܿ⣬վֱ 
֣ȴͣҵϣƽ̾ˣϧΪȴˡ 
˻֮ڣҶᵱΪȻһȴֻͨһ㡣 
üϧ 
ЦҪô 
ǡˣƱ죬̧һ 
ɡƿߣͶı𴦣ֺҲûڿ 
֮ڣмֵΪòʶϧԼҲֻӵ鹬֮˰ɣ軨ΪϧʮƣʥݴĪϲӭССһ̵òȱʲô 
ԳֻʵˣܵȴֻһˣһȴȴĻҲ裬֮Թűǡ 
ϡͿҪع˰ɡԼǲ˵⣬תʵ 
ǰʱ䡭ڹڶȹʮ࣬һ֮ڣת۾ѽˡ 
δǣȻʱʵ⣬һʱ˽ϦϦ˱ӦΪҵΪ֮¡ 
ˡðһʥգ 
˽к֮ģ಻⣬ǳ˼ֲùٳһֱδȡ游ݵĻᣬ˵ǺģҲ֪ 
ʮǻΪ꣬ȹƽ޺ãڸʣĺƽ޾ʥȻҶλӡֻ˵¼ϳɵģ࣬ûʵо 
Ȼ棬ҲʵùçײʵݣȻֻʥݳ֮󹬶Ҳѷɫֺδɵ۳١ 
һ룬Ҳɵ̧ͷ 
ɫȴκϲ֮飬ȻҲԹޣֻ΢΢ͷӦһ 
⣬ѻϡĵμ£ɢƢ 
תͷңеѽ⣬޷ʳκ



 



գһʱԶ̴١ 
תۼ䣬ʵվҪؾˡ 



֮࣬ʱȻæһţĪС׼ҳء 
زֻǬ幬ʰô½ྻλǵ¹ҲԤװֻǵ͡ 
ӵٽҲʼ㷲ʱ£źЩ˵̫ҲʱȥæȻʱò˶е㣬ȻȴûԹ鹬һա 
ҹ۲ˣȴһ糣ûǰաһ˻˵ʲôһĮȻܳ¡˼ȻҲ̬ȣұģػʵۻؾӰ쵽鹬֡ 



ʱ֣ϯ̩ҷǡΪһʱ̰ϢϾ;񲻼ϯ̩Ҳʲôˣ޹˼ɵذСϣһûһ˵롣 
ԼҲܽϰˣСʱ齲յʱû˯ֻŶʣΪ⡣ 
رһѣһӴе˻ãȻֻۣϯ̩Ŵֱֱңȥǵʱ۴С 
ôô˯ˣǲҽĶ̫ģһգ֪ʡ 
ôᣬֻҽȽû񣬸һ˵ʱ 
ȴ˹ϸңȻü 
ôôЩ죬ûӦøˣ 
ûлشֻЦιȥ 
ԼʵѣֻҪעѭ򽥽 
ʱֻûϤĴԼȻ˷ɫ¼ۣ촽ŪøѪһЩϲע⴦ЩӡȻÿֻһЩʮʱ뵱ྶͥ٣ֻɸı̫ࡣ 
˻İף֪δʱúҵı仯Ļ⣬ȿϰˣȻΪԭˡֻиϯ̩ǰʮ˽⣬治֪նҲֻΪ޷Ӧڻ㲣Ļ뵽ԭ 
ϯ̩һɫΪٴҽ֮£ҸϽڳ⡣ 
ûȥôΪջϻع 
ôᣬҿһ㶼Žӡ 
Ȼҵ룬ϯ̩Ƣ˾佫֮ӣϰսʷȷ棬йͬ⣬˳ϯ̩ȥľǱߣ˳һ̸۽ʱССдһ£ѪжͶĵ͡ 
أƺҲûжôţǿɾҪʥء 
ʲôɽŵġ˵ţϯ̩վһλǿ׳ĸۺţչʾһ㣬ȻңҪ˵ңԼһҿЩʡĶⵣģǰʲôʧ˵ǾﳤģҲǵйʥᣬôûôƽȣ 
ңҪʲôأѵҪ»޲ɡ 
ǵȷܣ鹬ȥһԼҲŲ㡣ϯ̩˵ߵͷ 
⻰ֱȴðˣܹﵽЧҲûа׷˼ 
ǻص˵ҳѿأ 
ϯ̩Ϊ棬æ֣ôôᣬĳ౾һģǰҸͳ˵СǸŮӣҾˡ 
ѧϯմݵ̲סЦǷʱʱصԾȻСȻ뵽ʱ⹲ɣЯΣô⣬ѺǽѶͨĵֲһƬȻ 
ǿ˳һ⣬ԭϵա 
վϯ̩˵ɫˣҲûȥˣЩҪʱ򡣡 
ԭǻƻˣĸûȥˣҲЪţҪˡ 
˵ߣȻعͷңǲģֶһſȥ 



ұСӽŹϣʼ׼ޡ 
̵ĹһǺʱ֮ǰ鷿ҹ뷿䡣˶֮󣬻̫רŸʱҹ֮Ƿعޡ 
Ĺ涨ı̵л˽֮ͨˣ˻ʼϡʵϣʵ۳̵ʱͲŮȣ֮ŮӲֻ֮ͬڣҲȻҹ۲촧ȣƺԼڵС̫йһֵõĬΪȻ֮ĽȴǱϸţгѰĹϵ֡ 
˵ˣҲǣֻ뱣סͥףںģԱһֻ۱һֻۡ 
ȻЩµˣ˭ܰùһʮ¥кĹഺ 



˼תԭľҲʧ˴룬ֱҹŽ¡ 
㱼䣬εʱϯһںӱߵ㣬һѣ׾ܵȴǺӰҲҧֱڸͳϲ˦Ͷȴֿտա 
Ȼ龰һתǽ֮ڣϯվǰ΢Ц˵һһ䡣 
СΪŮӣҾͿȢΪˡ 
ſڣҪΪʲô˵ΪʲôҪ˵ΪŮӡҳ֮ҲɼȢĲ𣬿ǣȴҲ 
ȻѣҴۿʪһƬ 
һƬž⣬ԭҹš 



Ҫӣ鹬һС̫඼ߣæ糡СֽɣȻҲȥֻԼͷķ˷ʰ׵ 
ϳջؾȻȰݼ棬̫ȻٽӼ£ϻ蹬͢ҹ磬ֻ±ƽջҪæϼ֡ 
ЩСС֮ҲͲЩҪµֱͬϻعŻӼǣ֮ǰΪС 
վͥڣԶ࣬ȻǿҲǵǰʱǺεȵƺƴ 
ңϼգơ 
أߵݵȺУҲҵĸװɡ 
֪빬ŵĶӣйһ˿ĵ 
̱ȽϿͨÿ¶šȻ죬յţǳĸֱʣһ˶ҵļǹңȻȴ޷ֽҵ׵һһʡ 
ļǹңΪβңһƽ 
ʵģΪҵҲƶҵѪ˽Į 
ָԼĸأԼֺγˡ 
ֻ׷ģǸ߹ٺλᡣ 
ҪģǿƿԼеģ˺ 



 



ǻϻؾĵգʱд̫ʱʵ۽ٹ԰ọ̈̄ǰ׼ 
СϲϲȡɫѺΣǱͲʮֿĴ˸һǰͣȻҿЦá 
Сӣ㵱λô 
СЩӦشңȻʹҡͷ 
Ȼǰ 
ʲôЦָϡ 
ѵ㡭úÿЩȥ磿 
ı飬޿κε̾ô˵ƽҲ飬ɾҲתͨҽʧ֮ʣ 



ǰҿʼѡ 
ȻҪĿȻҲܹأһʧ˽»Σͻأ 
һӻƽ£ɫСΪһϡ 
Ծӣ˶ز˹עĿ 



ʱλѡΣ빬е빫ٴγ֣ʱҲ֪ԭһĵǰ̫ࡣ 
߶߶ãֱӽϼѾɫˣ빫ͣ˵ǣٴϸһ֮ǳ鹬 
Ϊ˷ֹЩͬŮлӴ鹬ϸƳ룬ǲòе·Ȼĵطٹ԰ 
ʹеĻ԰Ҵûе 
ʱĻúһ԰ھ¡˵԰ռСȴûƫ֮԰Ϊ£ֶأɣ䲻֪Ƿ˵ʢڣ֮ 
̽ͤˮƺΪ£ڴԾƳɻЧͤȤա 
ϧȴǲˣҪȥ԰еĹŻֻ̰ܶһۣźʱٴĳԸȻȻʵã 

ŻڣʥȻǻδģֻС̫ڽŵزϷϯǵλѲ׵֮£ݼ֮ʱš 
ǽˣ빫СĹӭ˹ȻΪǸλ 
ҵĸ׹ٰݴӶƷɣȻְλǲͣЩĸǳţҵλҲֱߵ 
һһܣ˴νңԶҵ˼ֻϯֵ̩о룬ֻ񣬲Ҫȳϳʲôźãʵ֮ 
ʽʱԶǲܹ뿪벽Ҳ̸ֻ֮Щʱ䡣ֻ£ÿ˶ܾĪѹ·еһ㡣 



һֱȵҵ⣬λᱳʹ֮ʱй˽ϼݵ 
˵̶վֵüغţҲҶഭһ¡ 
ֵãýŲȻǽ˼࣬ȴְúܣ˽Ųʲô 
ﰵ㣬Ȼǻʵ۵ĺôơ 
ʱô棬ҲǲҴ̧ͷģֻĿǰƵһ˫ѥ̤ȥˣ˹ͷ 
ǽƽȻսսλϣǲҷؿɴͶ˶бǵϯ̩ 
ͼ˫֣½ţֻ֣˹ԼǽŵģҲЩЦˡ 
ţֻЩݲû˼ЩϧţҵΣڹڵദԴΪƣֽǼоңΪ͢ף諒ʳΣ⻰˳Իʵ֮ڣֻ˯˹ȥΣ 
ҲЩǻĻֻǻʵ۽ƺҲȤ˵ʱϼȴǺܺŵģľԼʾ㣬һԲֻжϵĻ⽲֮˾ʵۣңǾ˵׿ԽΪʵۡ 
ֵԼʱòˣڲϯž֮ʱҰŻ̧ۿϧʱžίʵ̫ԶֻܼɫӣͷǺ׺ӧĹñĸ֫޳ǲʮ׳˶ԶƺǼģֻܿ޷УҲ̫ܶãҴҵؾƿߡ 
ƺⳡС粢ʲôȤ˵ǶЩ̲Ȥ϶δٻֵֻͬ˼䣬ʱϯϳôš 
ǲʲô󳼣Ȼҷŵ˵ЩʲôΪ⻳ȫİ취ڲȻĬΣȴǱյĽ 
ҲСĵع۲ϯϯƽ޶£ôģʻʱòػش𼸾䣬ʻʱ㰲 
ĵ̬ȣҲ֪ʻʱҲûзʲô˼ϣô̬벻䣬ȻˣҲѹš 



ʱ̣ⳡڽ 
ʥݣԭ·鹬ʱɫл磬һֱ񾭽ΣҶۼǾɢ˸ԻݣϢһ 
Ȼûκһ̱ޡ 
ɵϵʱҾ쳣Щ˷ܣⳡԭĵ羹˱ݲݶδκβ뵽ϯǵĬȻգЦ뱻еЦþòͣ֡ 
˯ˣҲǺΡ 



Ǹʱ򣬵ҲΪʱҲͻĹȥȻʹ˳Ϊһһͨļ䡣 



 



֮һ鹬һֱʮƽָֻ֮ǰĲ 
λʵ۴Լɫ£ӻعʼûдκһλ̡ 
ѹÿյǱƷƣ̸۵֮أʷʫʳ滭顣վĲӣ֪ʶȻԨع۵㣬ף̸۽Ϊνࡣ 
˵Ҳ֣ǰҶڸ䲻¶̫࣬˲¼ɣȻǰȴǺ޲㼺֪һ̸ˣû˿ĹǣԼҲ֪Ϊʱ˷ģֻƺһӦ 



һùţСƬ̣ѺѧʣҪ£СӾͼس˽ 
֪Ǻ¾Ҳˣƴָ档 
ôˣ 
⡢桭Ժϣϯ̺͡ƽþˣ 
ʲô 
˲ñģվȥСӽںš 
ܳ¡򺱲ϣ鹬˶ܿ飬ȻǷͬܳôҲܽ˶򺱽õϯ̩ȻΪ˳ۡϯ̩ҵѣϵֺãֻܳ¶ǵ 
ϯ̩ӣܳîϣ治֪ 



һ·ܵԺԺڣѰңͿϯ̩ܳţԱΧ˼λ̣ϯ̩ȭڳ˼ơ 
ȴ˿ڻûжȻɾҪִˡ 
ǰסϯ̩ҽһȻܳ¡ƺţֻƵؿǣǻһĨЦ 
ҵϯ̩ô£?
鷳ϯ̩ 
ɲҽܳü˵жʲô𣿱ֻǺһͬưˣ㲻ﱾǲ˶׶ģҵʣ㻹ûаѱˣ 
ޣǺѪˡ 
ϯ̩㲻ҪԼͬϵ͸ͬȻԲ˶ߣ 
㣡㲻Ҫ̫ 
ϯ̩þҪȥҸϽסϯ̩侲Щ 
֪ܳµļϯ̩Ȼ಻סƢϧô裬Ҳ޷סǿ׳ߴֻҵֳܳ¡ 
죡ȥ߳ҳһԵСӴ󺰣Ȼͷϯֻ̩ܳµ̫Ŷ 
ۿϯ̩ȭѸٵطŵһС̫࣬ܳҲ־־˵£ʧ˸ղŵ硣 
ԣҲô뿴ܳ˵ɫȻô˵һ뵽ϯ̩ҪΪʱΪĴۣұ㵣ǵļ١ 



ǻס֣һͻȻ 
߽翴һ㣬ֹǣ 
߹վſϷһ̺̫ǣһȻҲŭɫͺȵǶվʲô 
ºͥеļ̫˶ߵǰȥѾʧǵϯ̩ϯ̩ĿϰݣŻҪٳȥֻǵв˿ 
ʱһ˶ûϵȴӹŴ˹˶ס˶ 
ϼݵ 
ʱҶһ£ȻܳڣȫɫתԺŷ˭ҲûϵϾڴʱ鹬 
üϹ˶ദ˺۵ϯ̩һۣȻҶһ£ϼҵǰ 
Ѳ֪ʱ뷨ֻܽȭͷΪϯ̩ 



ȳֵǿǰȻǹŮ̫ǣʮ˲ʱʹԺǰͥС 
ȣūţʥԺ¹ 
ȻƬ̣Ҳûƽָʾ 
˭ޣղŷʲô£ 
ŵǲ²Ȼʱȴ˲ 
ôû˵޸ղ·ʱƺ˴򶷵ѵô 
ϣաϯ̩ƽþܳ¡ܷЩСִ뾪ʥݣʵǳǰڿڻص 
Ŷôôͬܳ¼ţƽ 
վԽļŮΧǸˣʱľʱҪö࣬ҿؿò 
һ֮ǰҴûһȨ½ɽָ۱ĻʵۣҲĸо 
˿չüҶ㵭ȻۣĴ忡ʣ·ǻӺıӦһӰټҵ£һ˼ĽںδһļˣǴ֮ϵվ 
ԭ䡣 
ͻȻأɵΪźһΪһʵ۸жá 



޽շ֪ӵĽԭҲֻСִô 
ʻһҲŶȻԼղž˳ϣǰ֮£ֻ󵨵ؿʥգԼС 
ʱָϯ̩ϵ˺ۣȻָָһԱ޷վС̫࣬Թڵϵˡ 
ϣաϯ̩ڳȻԳ򣬱С̫סû֣ܵ 
Ƶģܳ¶ȸ״ϯ̩̲غ 
ˣǶסڡһ仰ûϿһ鹬С̫ǣǸ޻ش𣬸ղƽþûж֣ 
ûС߸̫ü롣 
û˵ʲô̵Ļ 
ûС 
ʱü 
ʻǷƫܳ£ҲȻ˵Ȼϯ̩ĳ嶯򣬵ܳһȫ޹ȴѳȫϯ̩Ρ 
ȥϯ̩Ʊزá 
ȻΪϯ̩ƽҴʱΪһ仰һ飬Ϊվǰģǻϡ 
˵ 
ҿǰһԻ˵˴Υ棬ִ򶷣·ϣȷ⣬΢û̵ܺΪ̵Ĺ湬ǣʱж̣˽ⲻǳһ棬ᴦ 
𾪵ؿֻͷüͣڵϵ˫΢΢زš 
ҲףΪҲûȥ£һµվΪϯ̩𣿿ǣϯֻ̩ͷ֮ôðŶײϵķգΪˡʲô 
ϿŹڵϵƬ̣Ȼϯ̩ˣΥʮ˼¡鹬˸£𷣼ӱ 
һûٸκ顣 
ϯ̩ƺвȻҺٻ֮ңСܵĽϤӾߵлʶûֳЩʲô 
ȻԼϯ̩ЩǸ֮ģȻҲ˿ 
ȻˣǾ֮εæµȻٶֻͣԸ¼࿴ʩݡ 



ٳԺ֮ʱȻףǰһ仰 
޿ʱиִ鹬𣿡 
վһɵý˺ֻһ٣΢ͷ촽û˵ 
̧ۿǰûҲҵķĿӣ岻ɵһ󶶲̽ϡ 
оͷͣƬ̣Ȼ󣬲ˡ 
طζȻɣ಻ܿƵؿţ֪ΪΣղһ˲䣬˫ʢ꽭ϵĵֻеĪ־塣 
ƫͷٿάŸղŵƣֻĶͷϣʱ亹Ȼ 



 



ͬϯ̩С̫һطС 
С䣬ǿܰסʮӣֻƤ˵ 
һ߿ҽΪϯ̩ҩҵгġȻϯ̩ܵĴأǴӴԺȴ޷ֹۣĶ֣ܳ³˺鹬ΪԼһǿĵˣϯ̩ĳ嶯͵δƱزù 
ֻ˼Ϊûܵطˣһϸ£ȴǻء 
ϯ̩ҩſڴϣԼ˲ɣܿ˯ȥҷԸС̫Ȼ뿪˷䡣 
һţСӾӭ˹ҴصԼУź󣬲Űеǰ 
ղȥͳʱôӵΪһֱûг֣ 
ūŵʱȥϵİ;Ȼ̸ϸϹˣūŲδֻ 
ʲôСԥһ£׷ʵ 
ֻղūӵĻȥһ£ƺѴӱ˴ϢֻǲûиϹ 
СӵĻҵֳһ 
桭ôϯ̩򺱵ѣȻУֵΪϯ̩ȥΣԼ飿 
ŭϺͬܳ³ͻȣϯ̩һʲô 
򺱲ѡ˻رܣֻҸڣͿϯֻ̩޷ʱϵ 
ܹڹ׼ɡܱˣҡ 
ʵҺܹ뷨ΪʱҲֻ˺棬ûΪϯ̩һ仰 
ɣΪηվ˳Ҳ޷ͨ롣 



˵ּʱװ 
ʱûпңֻһֱŪеİ״ɲ豭 
Ҳֻʵʵ˵˶ѡ 
ҲͲ׷ȥǣ֮δһ¡ 
ȻҲʮָм 



֫ˣа£ϯ̩ܹҹ˯ʱҲֻſţ˼ڣֻմԼڵҲʡȴҲ˼Ϊĵ 
Ϊϴ֮¾ȻǶ˻ʵۣܳҲͲΣ鹬ʵЩӡ 
º򺱲ʱϯ̩ı˲ﲹƷ 
ȼˣҲûаѵ򺱵ľٶ֪ϯ̩ϾάһҲҪһҪá 



źŲ˼飬ʮϲá 
ֽĸ׵ľϣ˵ЩԼһаãҪҲزģһڹкչԼУұο 
ź֪ǷľʹȻܾƺƽյĶࡣ 
֮ǰԱȣĸ©Щת׼ֳ˶ҵʺ֮ʡ 
ʵҴδŹЩĳ֮ڣҲδеźֻ뵽ĸսˣһֱΪģؾŻ˲á 
żһһպñ߳ȥ 
ĸĵȻ˽νĵĸȴ˵ʵ̡ 
ȻҲʮΪα뷨ʱժϼĵ֮ңĶĸ׵˼ 



δתĵǰұ;˾δܳ¡ܡ 
Ȼϯ̩çײõһߣС 
ѽͬϯ̩ͬһ˿ʱûʲôɫֱҰΣŻ߹һòм˵治͸ˣôǸϯ̩ѣҾȻǼһ࿴Ҳա 
ΪܼŭҵĻʹشˣ˿ɫػصƽþ׵£Ҷס 
ٿֹŭĿҡ 
ϢԴȴʼδȵһֱƬ̣ܳͻȻЦ 
̧׿ȴЦøˣϾǳ͵⡣ 
ҵҪ㻹ڱǰżգѵûиôĸǱѾˣΪԼɽӲô 
ʲôҲβס 
ǺǣԺɰǰ򹴽̲ⷪѺ񸮣Ҳ飬˴ο֤ȷ䣬ֻ֮£ֻ»꼰£㾹ڹҲԣĸײϣ̫İɣǸĸװ 
˵գ㲻ͣﳤȥ 
վԭأĬĬ˼ղ˵Ļ 
ҲܳĸǴܳ¡ƽϢȻͨ˴֮´Լм١ 
ܳ²֪ҷƶ̫֮ӡ 
ԺɰڣǴɶأˣ֮ڰֵеڶΪѶʮꡣҲǹٻңƶνŵԣҲϣհฮȴ˻¡ 
Ȼ׹ϵҼҲδйǣ棬ֺ̲ܹӦ̫ģֻǴɶغʹܣڼеĵλҪһǧˡ 



ժ֦ĵʢˮƿУȻҷƽдϡ 
ǳζҰȻߡ 
ȻҹͻȻоѣһϢȡ 
ԣʲôطԡ 
һã㼸֪ 
кȻܳµĻ 
Ժɰǰ򹴽̲ⷪѺ˴ο֤ȷ䡭 
֪ģ뵽ǰδ빬֮ʱܶ˱ְ깦֮¡ 
ǱǺɵһ¡ 
ڹٳȤҲģȻãڣԼףǶó׽ 
˵ǳ 
ѱְѺóõĹᵳӪ˽ӵֶΣֻƬټһЩҿ޴֪ϸڡ 
һеһУϵһĻԤʾһֿܡҪĳһ 
ֻߣһֻҵ֪⣿ 
˵Ļôƶҡܹ⣿ 



ȻůĽ֮Уҵģȴɵ⺮ҹУԽԽ 
 



Ҷᰣ㲻רġ 
ĻȻƽһӰҵ˼˻ 
Բ𡣡һ֮ϣһ˼Ҵһӡ 
ãȴӣҳɵؿδʲô֮ɫֻһԡ 
˼ڵĻͲˡ 
ǡ죬úöһƺûҵķҲŰġ 
ʲôôҲ񲻶ġ 
ûʲô 
ԵطϺȴԥҲܽԼ²ǷҪȫڹУܹƵҵ֪ˣԼҲֻ˰ɣ 
ƽ̺е뽫ȫվ߳ȻֻܽѡŴһ£ǳҪȻ֪Լޣʱ 
ȻΨоܡúɡ 
ǡһա㷢ܺҪ飬Σ 
ҪΣôΪɣ 
ǵѡ 
Ϊ֪񣿡 
ǡ 
ȻˣӾǡ 
䣬ס֣һ֣ȴҸеů 
Ҷᰣסҽ˵Ļ 
ҵңͷһ֪һ 
뵽ҿܲòȥºͻ٣Ȼҡ 



Ҫסƶ¡ 
֮Ϊ棬óüôҼҲһᱻǣȻҲٻᱻְ 
ȻײʲôؼȻȨ֮£Թ侻ŹҼҡ 
ѸףҲ޿أʵ۵жֻӰǰչοδػɹĶӵĻ 
ҪסȫңȻô 
ֻһڹеʣʲôҲûС 
еģֻԼѡ 
룬ܹ뵽İ취Ҳֻһ 

֮һֱѰŻᡣǴ֮УϽܣҪ˵õʲôϢ鹬һҲѡ 
ֱһգҪͥطʱλ֮Ե빫 
ʱǰ棬ͬһ鹬Ĺ˵ 
ɲ֪ó˲֪ү˼Ūү³ɫǲãۼⲻ͸Ͻ±ܳ˼ﲻʹ졭 
ĻУвһ 
һ·Ǻߣֱ빫쵽鹬ſˣҲų 
빫 
عͷңǲ졣֪ӻūкηԸ 
빫һ˵ 
뵽һ߽䴦²ûˣҲʵղҲС빫ԣʹ˵ǵûϲһ£ 
⡭̺ɵؿңЩʲô 
֪ɿڣ΢ЦҶú󹬹أ˲֪ʲô֮£ֻʣǳγײ˻ϵģӦڹ沢Υɣ˵꣬ٴڴͳһӣŵС 
ֿ˿ңȻ΢˵ԥһ²˵⻰ԭūŵ˵ʵó⡭˵ʱүһ鰸ͬȻ󳣴˼ү˼ãүȻͲඡ 
ץ²࣬ããθд˵ΪԼλȨô£û᲻뽫⵹ 
ʵ۴ʱԽ̣Խ֤ı֮ 
վҪô 
˼ӣǰ޿κеĲìཻҵľôѡ 
ӿһижãǣҲܡ 
Ҷһ빫̣֪ɷҷһ̸ 
£ҵĵһƬã޴ȥԼǷ׳ʿǷŵǰ֮ˡ 
Ǳһ֣ס빫һº󣬵ͷߡ 



ҽСҲǲ˳ȥֻʣҺ빫ˡ 
Ҷ᰽˵һ䣬ϽҲʮɣԿﲻĸ٣Ȼֻǰ̫࣬Ƿĸģ 
㡭ɫһ䣬סشңȴûнӻ 
ЦЦ빫һæ³ɣҶкôɣڹҲ𡣡 
֪Ϊ£ֻūδǸ̡ 
Եȡ 
û̴Ǿߵˮǰӳԥһ˲ڻǰһˮʼ档 
֪һϴģұԼϣ񣬾ˮвܸһңѾ޷ٻͷ 
ۿȴ֪ˮеģǷҵᡣ 
ڶǰ鷢õ󷽣ת¶빫 
ңȫǲȻſ޷ 



ܹʹõģֻԼòܹģֻðһ 
һдδйȻ 
ϡ 



 



빫Ӧ˰ҡ 
Ҳ֪ҵ̬˵ҵòֻǱģ˵ʲôյ£ջȻúܡ 
֪ջ԰ĵԼãʱѰ鹬 
ϣôȥҲ˯ȻҲܲ˯ΪұԼõӡ 
Сڷеڴߵ޹㣬ǿԼΣȥܵһһС 
ڶ죬СպˮȫԡྻȻ󻻺·̫֮ۡУŪһ̫ν׾٣Ҳ鹬ߡ 
ͭдʱӳŵģݣ覡 
 
̧֣ǳīüʩϸۣڼϺʹ١̣˱ƽһ˿޷顣 
вЦ׵ 



һֱڷĬĬȣһʱã빫İš 
УȻһǷдʲôΣƷȻģȥżƻ¡ 
ҴӲųƹ󣬶㵽Եİȴʱ 
δƬ̣Ժ෴ķ㴫빫ĺ 
ĽԽԽ죬ڹŴ˹ȥ鿴ҵȵľһ̡ 
뿪ʱƺеһĿ⣬Ȼعͷ²Ӱ 
˲ֵĸоѸܳ鹬ѹñأźӣװµ԰ķȥ 
һ·Ȼ£˳ؾ͵ƹ㹬Էţһֱ԰ڡ 
͸ǰһӭϸ 
ǵȻסңʲƽȵ˵֪ϽҪۼһ׼ġ 
򿪺иǣ͢ĺͲҶûлɣַ̧ҽȥ 
ط͸ڣһˣҷ¶о 
ɹĻֻһɡ 
̫صһԽ䴦¶ԭ°ˮƶӳۣûҲûдһժñӣ˿ϣɫγǿҵĶԱȡ 
鴹ȻվҵǸ˵ÿ԰ϲƬ̵ǸԶˡ 
ڶĵˣǸ׵ǰ̣ĸ׵İΣƶ£ԼйĶԽļͻ롣 
ֻӮ䡣 



ɽ㿰ҾܯŰٲС 
Ϊʵ۲ſӵе£ڴ˸ڣȷϧҴʱ͡ 
Ҳ֪Լĵվ˶ãֱ֨ѽһ죬ŽֹͣϢơ 
ǺŰҵĺҪֹͣˡ 
 
Ǹܴʱ죬Ȼûлʵ򶨡 
ʵԴǴĻֻҪһ뵽һ뵽ҵۣҶ᲻ɵøе־壬ôԶλԡ 
ȴòԼǰ 
ҲڶģʱһۣǷʲô⡣ 
תӭ͸Ĺߣֱֱͫķ 
Ȼз⣬ûдеһޡ 
ۣ£ͷȻһһֻ˵΢鹬һðʥݣֻ򡭡΢˼ϡ 
Ӧ˵ЩʲôԱһ˼֮Ӧ֮飬Ȼһɣ˵ЩǷá 
ǰҵǰϸӶµϣȫκ 
һֱҵãƽƽڣĿģ 
ҵģĿġ 
ҵĿģȫҸֳ֮ܵǣ 
ҲǱԼҿԲرΪƽ 
뵽Ҳֻ˶ѣСģ˽ģȻЩܸǰ֮ˣ 
ǣºɵȴɵýץסϣ߬ȭ޲ݣȴҸеѹȸУѡƺңҵЩ뷨۾ʱĻõѡ񣬷롣 
޷ƿߣҼٵصˮӶϻա 
һòǷº޺˵òļоɢŻˡ 
΢Уƶ࡭Ҷᰡ 
ֻһ仰֪һѾܹס 
ҿǲʣҲǿ󣬴ʱңԼһʽףȨӵ£ʵһС 
һʩᣬԸ벻Ըȫһ֮䣬ң޴ѡ 
ãָҵ 
޶֮£ʵȤ 
ҵɫһ԰ˣȻ΢΢չЦ˵ȥ 
ȻҪ˵ĻҲܾ 
ĻѲ֪ϲ 



ĵ֮ϣʹʡ 
ŮҲδ壬ܲסǿҵĳ˺ѵʹΪԼҪ 
ᰲȴǼᶨռС 
ǵԼǷп޺ҼǵãεʹҲʼûƾܡ 
һᶮúΪƾܣңӦĽ״ۡ 
֮ǰʶЩ뿪һѾš 
 



۵ʱһʱ硣 
ﲻǼ˯ʮĴҲ鹬ҵķ䡣 
ֱʶͷƵɫңյ׷Щʲô 
һ估ؼһʹЩ˻ȥ 
סܳ壬ҿа裬޼񣬲ȴͬһ䡣 



һж̱˽밲ĵе˹Ȼһģ鹬ڵǰɱȡ 
ӲͶ壬ūźӻع 
˹ǰŪʵϣҲʵûԼȥ 
˷Ŵ·ͷ·Ǽµģɫȴ°ɫҲ֪Ǻѡģϸ 
ʱҲŷǺҼ䣬Ǽ䷿Ƕѹֿ񡣾˵޵ĺǲͬһҹģʹЪϢҲӦڵ֪˽Ǻ˼ 



λص鹬һֱ͵ҵķڣȷǲԼѰ˿ûоӦСӵĹУҲǽྻģֱµڴϻ˯ȥ 
ҹڵüûжʱϢ糿һμƾһϰߺֱУһ£ֱ˯̫Ҫ·תѡ 
СӭʱֹǲܲµһЩ˵ĻҲ֪Ҫֻͣ 
˼˵ȴǡüλ̶гūΪϢԶ˻ȥ 
û̫Ӧһҹδ飬ĵǱ߱ض˻ټϽʱӣֻ֪ǡ֪οҡ 
ͻȻһ죬ҲŲԼѿһûнʳˣƲ£ұ´߱Сӣʲôʱˣ 
ѾʱĩˣǲҪš 
΢ͷСӱȥ׼ʱûеһŵʱֻҪѵ㹦 
С뿪ˣֻһ˴ڷڵʱͥԺͻȻ죬֪ʲô顣 
ұ岻ʣжҲͼвȥ˭뾹ǲɣɤֻ¶ 
鹬ƶࡤҶ᰽ּ 
ϲһҲ뾹ˣһ֮졣 
ʥּȴǲܵģֻ˼ųҲ˲񣬽ƾĹǰֱ¡ 
۽΢ѾһƬҲҪⲻܵ 
ʵگԻƶࡤҶΪ̫ƽסԪͶţʮʮǧմˡ 
л϶䡣 
ǹǰһҷȻʥּ 
ūȹϲˡүзԸӻһвزģԻ˴Ԫȥӵʱֱֻסȥɡ 
Ԫ鹬ǳһ䣬ǰһֱסȴң벻۹Ҳѡ 
Ӧ䣬Ƚʥּ뵽׵طȻٳǸһС̫һ߽ԪаϲҲޡ 
ĿƿͿϵеϣ߿š 
̿첽ȻվǰֲԣʲôҲ˵ 
õĳĬ󣬷ȿ˿ڡ 
˵ġǵѣô 
ҡ̧ۿǰӣ˵ѣǡ 
ôˣ 
ԣֻͷ 
Ǿͺá 
˵仰ʱϵ飬ʵڲ֪ϲãˡ 



ڶգҾʹԭסԪ 
һܾ֮죬ּѲÿװ˱ĿȻ˴׷ףҪ׽һӱŪԪһʱò֡ܳ¡ʱٲǰǰ⣬Ҳں 
ʵǱҵģҾֻᡣ 
ǷŴͣûȥޣԿЩģϾϴεʹίʵЩ־塣 
գδ̬ȣȻûҹңҲûȥѰн١ 
ϯ̩ԭӵˣӦȴΪңұ㵱İ˰رܣȥҲϼҲ֪Ǻá 
ֱʮպһγȥ䣬ҽȥȻƲؽϣָŵиҿ 
С֮£ʹһ˵Ҳ䲻˵֮ԭֵʶ֪꣬ɷȻɣСᰣ㣬Īԡ 
Ҹ綼Ѿô˵ˣ룬˵ûʵȻеƭһֱġ 
ֽ뵽ϯϲ֮齻ػۿ΢ʪ 



һЩ˯ 
δʱұ˼һ˳Ԫ 
ԺţԼԼЩ֣˳ǰȥ 
һֱ˻ǰȴͤж´ 
䣬ŵİ⣬۵ת֮£Ӱ¼š 
һգԶ 
ػǽң 
ҲڽӵƴǳҹΪ˭¶ 
㡭ȻףҺ󣬱Ĭ 
˾»֮£ôš 
Σ΢¶Ц⣬ʱ˵Ҽס˵Ļ 
ӾΪ֪ûǡ 
ĿϸϸңȻҲչ΢Ц 
°Ц£ҲŸȷţҡ 



ָɴǰһ㣬ÿŪīǲʱ⣬Ҳʲô 
䣬ߣǱ׼ֽīˣ뾹ϵ⵽ˡ 
һ湫ͨϼݵͬһ̸ۣϳȥӼݡ 
ͥУѽ˹Դæ¹Ҳ֪£ͣ˵񡱣͵߽Ԫȥˡ 
ʮղйȴͻȻߣ治֪ͷ 
ȫ͸λʵ۵뷨ֻøŻصڣһԱĬĬվš 
յ鼫ãڷĴ߶ۿһʱױ̨һʱǽֻòеӡ 
ֱһʱƷһ㣬ͷǡ 
ͲˣȥЪϢɡ 
һ٣̧ۿ˵ıӰȻ󹧽 
΢ˡ 
ҿ˳ȥ̫Ƕ棬ֻʣһˣʱȷŸΪţٿϣһʣ⵽鰸ɨҺдĶ 
Ҷᰣ 
ңֻߵǰͣڰԶ 
ƫͷҽ¾룬΢΢һЦҲ⡣ 
ңˡ 
ֽϵľӣָңּԲȴֲʧģдģ 
ʻȷһشҲû˵ëʣһ԰ֽд˼֡ 
дԼҡȻңЦʣ޵֣֪ 
ڲۣ䣬м˸Լ˵д֪ʼϣһ˻õģȻʳ⡣ 
Ȼ¶ֻ֣ش𣬡΢ 
±ʣ΢߽һȻĿϸϸشЦƺ 
ұһƽǼϢɸо̴ͷ岻Ҷ 
ֱҸо缸ʱ㳤ʱȥЦ 
Ҷᰣһʼʱ޿̫ºЩڣְ޿̫ˡɲãԺĹɡ 



ʮ 



֪ǲлʵ۵˼ô⡣ 
ٶڵλʵۣʵ͸Ϊ塣 
ĪؽҵȻҼռкͻȻ˹ 
죬ƺѾ޵ĵˡ 
޼˴ԼСʱδл޵ļվſڵĹƺһֱվţ뿪վ 
Ҳĺϰɣֻյʱ䣬Ѳһһ޹ϻ̳Ͽֻ֣ڴضš 
ߵһͷͰ裬ʼղþ߹ȻǷɱȣ̴ǶĶ౦Ʒмͷ߽𣬱ɽˮףվտҪ˵ڷŵĹŶΪС֮ݻȻȴһ۱֪ѵһıĿ 
ȻĶҲκһ棬ϳ˰أֻҸһӵٺ»Ҳⲻ 
ڿձ۸֮ʱȴԤ׵ 
ϲҪҪ͸㣿 
ҾһתպײڸϣŪüƷһζǵҲ²ϽַסǵĸµҾҪüƲˡ 
æҵӣȴƺú˼ȻЦ 
ЦвãЩΣŵĳ嶯˺һ¹ 
Ҷ᰹ʥ 
ɡػ֣ȻƱңưɣ 
ҿŲ֪ʱѳϵľƺ;Ʊ̾ĵڵĹǹ֮ߣвԲġҲ֣ô̫๬ŮãȴҪԼͶ 
ңֱӵ˱ڣݵ÷֮ҵͷһЩ 
ܵûֵƣǶ˶βĸɣ˰οԼӹһ¡ 
˵ҲǼٻҵڣĻʲô̫ҵľأҲֻǻӿһů⣬Һ 
̧ۿ˿ңȻһ״Ʋ˵ڵϣ౾˰⡣ 
Ҿһ£ȴ⣬ûǰ޶ˣ¼ɡعڹ󹬲òվһԼĬ 
ȻվС㸸ҲС 
ָⲻ˱ӣɻ󲻶ؿԭ䣬Ҫ˵Ļɡ 
ǡ۾ϸҵı飬ȻЦһ
㲻ޡЦͻط¾ƱվսңһһֻһᣬѾγɵϰ߹ȻѸġ
ҡſȻŲôʲף΢ûвš
㵱ȻС㲻޳ŵ㲻λôŹƶң㲻޵Ļʵ֮̽Ϊǻж⣬޵ķֺˡ˵գҡͷķ
ЩҵȻš
ȥһΪߣһһﲻһ֮ˣȻǾ̾Ϣġˡʱȴɵһ·еڱʲôһ㣬Լ޴ӱ
˼ת֮ʱȻһգԼѱŵסӣ˫һʱҲǴҲǵطϣֻѯ
ȴƵЦüϻʵĿ˵޵ľѾˣϧ񫣬СĿϺȻؾⲻҪƷһ¡
˵ͱ˹ȥ
ȻѾʮԼݣԲɵЩŭʵҪȾƣлһӦоУƫ˵ᱡĻ˵ʲôʱһһ°
Ҳֻһ㱻Ʒһҹ

ڶСӻңйʱһδȫ˯ѹ
ĹĵģұӴݵؾ£ȥҪȺá
ʰˬˬˣҲŴС߳ڼ䣬ֻվߵĹ˫ֲ䣬Ĳͷⲽ
֪λұ£
һҵתΪԵر̺ôļӡ
΢ЦǷи񣬡ңͬȡ
ɫһ䣬漴㻻̬ЦūӵķԸһʱˣ̼
ǹ˵ģԹɫĹʵҲƽϣԵͷʹһλ
£ūǷʹ̵֮ʹȥūɣ
ʹҲ̾ײüһ˸λˣҪܳˡ
˵λʹǵΪ֮ʱ˵ģϵǻ̱Ϊʹνٳʢ󹬵ƣʺ󡢻ʹһˣˣˣˣйˡڡӦʺδۺ󹬣ҪλʹߣҲѹ̲ŮǸҹȥ
ԴұΪ̫ƽСӱ㼸ÿҶ߶Щ飬ҵġ˵Ǵ˵ģʱʵŶҲס˴롣
˵̲δŮ涨Ʒ⼴˵ŮǺɵݣΪʹҲûʸ񴫻ҡһףںģ˭̵֪ĵλŮοټҵǵǰʵϵĺ֮ףҾܾء
ʲôΣҲⱻ֮
ͬСһλţſ滹λС̫࣬λʹǺ֮ܶģôڳţҲͲΪ֮
ȻûģֻܲźᴩʹԽѵó鹬ţʱʱСΣʡ˶



ڵ˾ʹѸоϢ΢֫ҹͱڵò٣ȻѲһʱ˳ʹȻҲ⣬·ϱԵҲӿ
֧Ž˹ţӭӭһʯӰڣϸѱƹǰԺֻڸС޵¹ǡֵҶΪʻ
ǰĹҽңһһȦھȻλƺɵŮӣվŻԣһҽ˹ͷȻһӱעģȴǴ϶ŵˡ
ƺҪȻϻһ㣬ȻֻӺݲɫ΢СڣüĿһɨǣһɫۣɫߵĿ磬̽仨׹ֻ
ʣ˿϶ǻʹ
ǰһ鹬Ҷ᰼ʹ
ƺû˹涨̼ӦкǣҲû⣬ֶһ̫̫ƽ
˶Сʹֱ˳С˸Ƿ
û濴ңʱ˷Ų´ҸȥᣬֻǴʱ˴ȸöô
ùˣſ˵˸̫ƽһ£⼸λҲ̺ϵˡ˵齣ߵǼӼܣλϲλɺͳɣһλǳɹˡ
ɡ֮ʱҲһ̧ͷǸ󵥴ĽŮӡ 



ʮһ 



һŮڹУСѸ߹ҵ£δȻ¼ 
Ҳɵö࿴һۣȻƿߣʹġ 
˵̫ƽպܵûϾˡ 
ǷǷɻϲ 
価ƽȻҵȴЩ뵽ǰԼȻȫȻɣҲ˵ڣΪʲôԵʣҪŮҪ˱̬Ļ 
ǻʹȻںҵĻشΪΣֻԽȥԭܻϳ谮Ȼĺ£֮ڣλϾ֮˺࣬¶Թ࣬˵ǲǣ 
ʹ˵ʮ 
ԣѾǲôЩˣҲϣ̫򱾹Թⷽ¡˶࣬ÿСȥȥαΪС̫أҺͺĲǻ֮ 
⵽˵ⷬʱ۾пλϲķ 
λʹҫȻǲҷģصѵ̣ôҴʱᱻԭ򣬴ԼǷ˵ġԹˡ 
ʹǣҶ᰽һСģʵҶԵû϶裬ʵҲǻϽͣҪϢֲλ̫ģԲš 
˵סһȦ˼ˣͲٽ˵̫ˡ 
⻰ʵ࣬ץţ벻ţȴԼˣû˭еֱȥʻϣȥǷֻΪá 
Ŷʹˣ˼һ£ô˵ѲƺҲԶˣҪŴܶ飬ǿɾ͸̫Ӧ²ǡ 
λӦǡ 
Ѳȴ֪ƺû˵ʵѲŽȻЩϷʡĹԱǣеľǴŷ͵õаɣЩҲûʲôϵһߣԪſЩɡ 
˳ĻתһߵĳɣõĻ˵˳ǵȻȥϷʱе£ֻ¾ҪೣˣҺ˵һֱҲο 
ǵŮ̸Ȥңģкҵ𣿡 
ҳ΢΢һЦǰջ˵˵ɼΣΪͣûʲô飬ϲſԼฺ 
ҵĻƺܸˣоЦ 
ҵⷬǷܴõĶУʵڲãȻд˻ᣬαشãȻò 
Ȼھʹ˼䣬ʹһȥˡ 



֮󣬽գȻҶûٱȥޣҲ֪ǻʹ˵ҪΪѲ׼ԸæµڻһߵĽҲɹˡڵ˯ϼĺþЩмǱԹϲ 
ﳽʳ꣬λ֮ΣλλڼйѲ˵ҲǻʳһͳˡӼλֻ꣬˷״ѲᣬƽδϹʢ¡ 
˵ʽǰº󣬸һæʵ۵ĳԺȴסöȣһҪǰȫ鹬Ƿյĺ󹬵ָһĵطηæҲ֪֮٣ѲҲû˶Ӱ졣 
þ౻ȥʹʱѹ߰յһ죬Ҹոջһǵһɺ󣬱²ȥ 



ȵ鰸ǰС̯ۡ 
һһ޻ɫޣ΢Ż꣬ھ״ҶƬĳ¾š 
޻ֲΪ㷺Ѱ׼ȫжԣʹ޷ڻ￴ģЩƫƧ䴦Ұġɫޣƾ棬ɫԭҲѰԼҲҿ϶Ƿ 
ãδкɻؿȴһ˲׽Żʱϵĸɫ 
ƺʲôʹ࣬벻 
Ȼ̱ҵעӣɫѸٱΪƽʱĵȻ޲·ղųǰֻǻ 
㡭ҵͻȻȴ˵һԥ䣬ʲôҲûн㡭һòôôһҲ 
ǡúܺãô뵽ޣ 
ҿߵǳЦǰδãʱôȴôǣǿҲֻۣŻֽһǡ 
㲻ǵ𣿵һμʱҲⷿ䣬ʱϻŻľ޻ҽͻȻһʱҲų 
㻹ǵôȻˣŻҰɣȥ 
̧ͷѵ¶⣬еȴˡ 
װµصͷӦѹú󣬱ůȥ 
ʱ۽ɨ࣬ԼɲĶƫͷһϵĻֽȻ΢΢üͷ 
ʮ 



㶼ʧڻô 
ŵʱϯ̩ԪͬһţϯͻȻҡ 
ôôҿƺı飬ʧЦΪ˶Ƕ̶̼յ޿ܳı֣ϵĻĪֺ˵ʧˡ 
ϲһֱȥԴȥһ˾ʹû˰ɣۿѲڼʱ빬࣬Ҫĸ£ȵع֮ʱĻǵˣ㵹ãҲΪԼٲġ 
ԭȥʹ£˽֪ˣ֪Ƕһر໰ϯ̩ΪλͻȻ˹ 
Ҫǵãֹܹ˵ģҪȥˡ 
˵ѵͲ᲻ôҪܳǿ㲻ܳˣ۸ô죿 
ͲҪˣҰǲֻܸģҰͲûϴԽԽãǲ̹ܶӡ 
һҪӣҲļ簲Ц 



ҵʱЦ̫ˣŻ˱Ӧ 
Ѳ֮еǰһգλһ֮빫Ԫ׼պͬжһͬ 
£빬Ϊߵһҹ 
ֱڶ죬֮ʱҲδܳǰʵ 
ƾӺƺƵѲβ 
سڣҲ̧ͷ򳵶޲ýɴźá 
ʵ۾Ǵʲô⣿ΪԵ޹ͻȻҪҴţ˵ƺϾǴĽǶȿ˴биԱϸɫ˹ãдͽĵ 
ʲڳһֱ죬ֱͣϢʱлǸǿ˵ˡ 
פֱͣʡأǴ˴عٵĸۡΪʱסعǴδô˵̵ģ³ʱ׾Ҷſڹһţ϶˼Ϊ콫 
ΪҵԵʣСȻҲˣһڳţȻ˳һλ곤ЩĹȥ 
Ҷһ£طȻ󣬵ϸʰһģҲɾࡣãͿһڻǰսս˵ʲô 
һԶԶվһߣǹԱҽ̧ͷһۣƺԻ̿֡ 
ҲɵЩ棬˵Ļ֪йصġ 
ԭز㣬عٵĹۡͷ䲻֮࣬ǰѰŵ׵Ωʱ˵ˣü׼䣬ȲסŮ뷿ֲͬסӪ˾ͳ˸⡣ 
棬ϵûʲôӦֻ԰壬ٿǹԱѶð亹ﲻ֪롣 
ұԥǷվԸסȥʶ壬˭ȴȿ˿ڡ 
ô鷳ˣ̫ƽ˯һ䷿ͺˡ 
һֹǹԱĿԶԣҲЩһǺ 
ڹ⣬һдӼбҪίԼزô 
ſƾܣȻ˸תվ˻ȥ 
ȻӴҲ俴ĺƣö˵ȴҲѸıģֺαûȤ 
Ҳһѡ 



ڰľ̽ӴϣҵĽ 
Ȼʱ˲ҲʮֵǸһ·֫ƣʹϢļԣȻƫλү˵ĺþ񣬴ʱǰĺľñڣһҳҳصĹٲᡣ 
ʵۻδ˯һ£ֻôſ 
ƽԣһʲˣȻ˿־ַұһӵʲйλöԵĻϣҲֻȵͷȼá 
ϣҹˣôҪ·ء 
ôѾ𣿡 
̷²߽Ѹ٣ҲòǷûݣһֱڵҿڡ 
΢ֻ͡ 
ۿĿָе 
Ȼڹͬؼף⣬˵޷˵Ĵ齣һӦǴµ֮Ҳ޷ѹеĿ֮顣 
ҵ˼Ѳӳϣھֻа벽֮ԶĵطٿȻͣס 
ذ˿лһʮ컣ϧ޼°糿Կֻùˡ˸ҵգϧ˵ 
Ȼ٬ȴҷһģɵðмΪѵõ 
ﲻһϲŭѲ⣬ȴһ֮ͨˡ 
վƺȫûٻ湫Ĵ㣬ֻԼź£ѥͨͷȻڴڲ¡ 
ǵһͬȴǵһ˿մ¡ 
ӵЩֽ޴룬ֻԶҶ֡ 
ֱãȻ޷Ρ 
ʵһֱлǲǣΪβ 
էҵһᣬ̷ϣ΢ûС 
˵ţͻȻһѽ࣬۶ۣǶűǣȡ 
ꡭҪôָҴһȣȻЦѾӿ죬á 
֪ΪλͻȻͬѲ 
İУĻҼȲܵͷҲҡͷֻԡ 
Ҳδõشֻסҵ䣬˵޴ǰգϲһЩ˼¡ 
һϲ֣ҵھʹΣȻԼЩ˼ 
˵̫ƽҶ᰺ܲʶ󹬹أȻ£ȻɫؽھʹĻظһ飬ǡת޵֮ 
΢΢촽ֳֻܼĬ 
޵ҶӺܴ΢΢ͷҶһ£Ϊ޵ĳ購һ֮ͨڣöУҪԶ˵һپ䰲Ļܽ޵Ľģοƶҵˣλ᲻˵֮ԣ˼һٶȴ˺üĻڡ 
ܽƾϲļ仰Ϳҵ˼Ļν 
뵽ҵȫ΢΢ָһڡ 
ҵıᣬ޾ţôɰҶӣкü¶ܿ񲻻ʮȤôΨһİ취Ȼǣߣͬһȥˡ 
ϡżʱޱȡ 
ϢҵĶߣЩȣЩĻƴңԶĵطˣɻҲѸˣ˯ɡ 
ȴ֪һҹֻעܳߡ 
ʮ 



˵ɽ续Ҳѱнɽ塣 
˵ֻ»ҪټӸǰᣬǾҪɵ˴͡ 
СӾлȻͬѲԸܹ;ط⣬Ҳǲ洦ˣ˭복һ··֮٣ѰʿлҪϼֻ֣˼ΪкҪ£þ˼С 
ˣǴ򣬹ݣɽɻƺӣ·ǧͣʱȴٵÿҲֻÿƾθؾɫתԺ󣬼ֱᡣ 
̸·ֻʮն࣬ѹ˼ϳǡ 
ϱǹųǣٿȪɹۣͣȻʵȴֻڴ΢Ϣһ£˺ͻȪˮĻƺˮӣȻУδǧɽԸٵ÷ֺʣ 
ȵִｭڣڴɺ·ˮ·ʱֻеϵѶԼˡ 



˽Ĺϣһ߽Сӵ󣬴ʱҲòϣԼʵǸŹ˵ˣֻۣôЩӣƣ¶᲻һ㡣 
̫ƽȥ 
岽⣬üۣЦģǻǰĹơ 
ˣɼǲȥɵģȻףȴڶһͷ̵رСӷһ· 
ҲֻѵһЦһԺţȻԡ 
ȵҽűѹɢЩͷŪʱȴѵȲˡ 
ҪͶˣǺôļӡ 
ұͷϵһ٣аЦȻ˳˳˿ŲŲæͷ˵˵ķ 
ݰ׾ٿʣĸŶӢӢģֻüĿſȻδʲôˡ 
΢μ 
ⰲߣֳĵ˹֮ģ֣Ķӣʵõ⣬롣 
ֻҲ֣ԴӸˮ·ÿհ֮ʱ棬Ƕɫǹ·ʲôһ㡣 
˱˵ֱĿˣžһȣɫԽ 
վǰ΢Цһȣ塣 
үɡ 
ߣҲ취ֻôһ䣬˳ȥ 



ײ㣬ֻԨѧʿ޽ˮ֮¡ 
ÿļˮɳ࣬кɹ⣬ʻƺˮѡҳһʮ꣬ƺξڹһʮ˴Σÿÿ꼰Ӱ췶Χ㡣˼֮ؼ̰ӷ飬صһһ裬ˮȻˮ֣ 
λδѧʿδʮǻǰˣѧʺãΪׯأƲԹɫѲȻٲ 
һ߽ͣ˿˵һߡ 
йٳ޵ͷʾ⣬ҲЦԶԡ 
δʱԭйһ֮Ե֮ټѸģЩΣҲ⣬к̸ˣҲ˹ǣܽ糣˰Դˡ 
Ϊ̣вԸƽ֮Ϊѡ 



üĿ٬֪ġ 
뼥ڽ֮ﴫðڵĲ˵ȫĿͶ 
ӭߣЦһȻش߹վִ 
̧۹۲ɫǲϲŭһƽͣ˦ͷơ 
ЩҵԼˣֻҲ֪Щִ磬δֱԶұǹ˼үһֱرãһʱͻ֮ʱƺֹ֮⣬֮䰵ӿȻ֪̬Ǻ⣬¼˱ϣҲ˽壬﹥ԻգӣŪһҸŭ͡ 
ΰ䣬ȽɣȴӺյһͬȥӲ졣粻һ㣬ԶԺ˵ 
΢ּæӦˡ 
̫ƽȤʱһȥʶһºϵĸߴ̣ 
΢ 
ڼ䣬һɣдһʣϣҴӦǽֻһԣ 
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ȴʱشֻյ֧򢣬ɨҡ 
޷˽ͼϸı鶯ͷʱ΢΢ҡҡס 
㶨 
˵΢ʱڴϱǡ 
ʮ 
㸡ᡣ 
۾ƽѰƬʧʶһֲֻҶǰʪķ˿ 
ָأȻ߻죬ֻű֨ѽһϸŲ 
ô˯ˡ 
ձعӶȻգϽſۣѾ˴ 
òʿȻȴѰʿ޸֮Ϊǿ壬һױϰѧ书ɽұ 
תͷһðڵԡͰѾӽæץסǰ½ 
Ӧԡǡ 
˵䣬ѾͰڣ˲ˮഥһս 
ڹ⣬ȥء 
˵һ˹ŽΪҿʼϴ塣 
ȽѿҲֻȫػչ⡣ 
գÿҹȻеعԱŮҲȫƾܣȻ¹ҹȴֻΣ༸Ǵ 
ǽʥۣ֮ǵĹŮӲྻֻǡϽƫɫˣ 
ˣʥ֮£ͯҲ᲻ʤɣ 
Ҷᰡ 
ỽֹ֮ͣ˼ 
ڡ 
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á֮ΪΣ 
ҿеżƺӦÿɾ͹Ĺٺ 
ΪλͻȻǾгʲôô 
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ЦһҵĻر⡣ 
Ϊ֮Ϊ£֮Ϊϡ 
ĻҲѽ⣬ǣΪʲôȴ˷ĲҪ쳣ã 
յʵӻϣȻزһ䣬ȻҲҪֿ֮ˣͲ֮ˡ 
ԭôþǡ֮ˡˣԣֻ֮ܳ 
Ϊ֣Σ 



֣ǿ֮ˣǲ֮ˣ 
ϴʱѾͬһɴ󳼼һͬȥӲ߼ˣ֮ǰԣ˴ϡ 
糿ǳ֮ұһֱڷ˼⡣ 
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ҲˣűȻҪͬУԱϲڳʱľǰ 
ƾ֣ıݵλƽϽ֮磬޿ɳ֮ 
֮Ϊ£Ҳ˵Ҫ֣ΪԼɿ֮ˣ 
˵ĻЧİ취 
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ȵһ˹δʱ 



һڣ뿴ңȼΪһЦʾһ㡣 
ŭӭòʵ֪үУ۽󿪣ظߴһ׳ۡ 
Ȼϧûȥź 
ơźȴǰҲ 
ŶǸүͽһΪҶ᰽һ£ҲҶᰵһ㡣 
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Ե֮ɫҲɵһˣŪ˵תͷ֮ϵĻϣעǣһĪζ 
֪дĿǣάˮ갣άˮ߽Ϭ컴汨ʡľ䣿 
һ˲סĳԱ飬Ҳĵ׵İЦ 
㡢㡭㵹߳ŭߣīϵĶƫŪ 
üŪ֮үѵʶϿʤҶᰣ 
벻ҭ 
ҾþӾڣȻţ֣ӲѧʣҪ丸մ󽫾֮۶ģаʤҵĿܡ 
Ȼְ겻ɡ 
־Ķ䣬кãΣʱܰƽңжӢۣЩˣֻǽԺоЩʫҪǱյĻֻҪߵͷء 
²΢΢߬ʱЩŭҶȻȷʵȭŹ򣬵ҲǾƾġ 
۽վһԵĺޣʱɫѾܺÿֻδ¶룬˵Ȼһ㿼 
Цһָһүα΢ʾȱ£΢֪书ûаΪԣȻү΢һ书ҫôүո߳Ļǰһǰβдд裬Ҳ΢ʶһ£ 
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Ҷᰣ㲻Ҫ̫˭˵ûˣϰ䣬û¹ĸ 
һڣת 
΢׼ͬڴ˱һɻϵٲá 
εʵʵܿǵ棿 
ʱﻢµľ棬˵ֻǿ˵ͷ 
ˣǸ׼һ£ʹñ㵽Ϊֹɡ 



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ʵܣԶǧСġ 
󣬻һƣ˿ʼ 
̧ۺݺݵһ£ȳ˶ 
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ʽȥ磬Ȼ˿书ҲͿʲôߣֻԽԽ죬ҼҪϹۿٶȡ 
ʹеҲܿڶ¸ֲô 
ȻشδƣʱһȻ 
ⷽ۲򶨣ȴ˷磬Գٻֻƣмܡ 
һлһסʱĽȴһֻû׼ȷ׽ס󣬷ס϶ƻ˼ϡ 
һԾס˿ 



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ֻǹ߳ԾԼҲһ㶡 
ͷӦ˹һɵس˱ȭҲܸǿΪڵһ֡ 
ڳ˵ֻ¾ܿǶʧУʹ벻̫ӣ˭˳ŻȥȻǶ˭ֻ᲻֪޵Ǵ˶Լ 
ߵǰ˫ֱأ֪̫ƽÿɻ⣿ 
ǣ΢ȷү˶չ˰ʵӦúúлҲԡү֦壬ʲôأ˭ҲѹֶҪʱ֡Һá 
ʲô˼˵ôƾʲô˵Ӯò棿 
ֱˣˣߣǲ汾£үԼ 
£š 
Сӣﶮ书֮¡ 
ǡͣסڣ˲һȦȻĿⶨɲɫĻϣ΢˵ޣ˲֮ģ΢һչ֣ҲͲڹ֮ӣɻһ 
Ҷôӣֺεݣ֣֮ˣһҲֵģϿڣк衣 
δ˵ôʲô 
ûһ£ҲֻùԹԱ졣 
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ּ⡣ 
̵ͷƫۿ÷ӱֵù 



ܣƺδ㽻ֹϽװĻߵ룬Ц䴩ѱ䣬Ȼϰ֮ˡ 
ܲҡ 
ҲǣвݣӳֵĳȻ֮٣³˹Ӫʿ⣬˼Ĺ 
˼ɣֵдһɡ 
˵գǰһֳС 



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ξֻƺжԤ⵽һжһ㣬ɵػҪȫΣ˸߳գǶУҲΪһӾϵܡ 
ң˴򷨣ϸƫμΪ䣬ˮ 
类еϸ˿ǣƵģôҲΧ֮Ȧ 
ֱʱ䣬з֮ĥʧϲŲ飬ɾⳡʵıԡ 
ִͷĲ֮顣 
ǰʵܿǲǲʣ 
븺ش𣺡ܲҲֻԾˣƽﾡ˵ʲô䱨ֱԲЦ󷽡 
˵ʲôͻȻϺȵͺ޵ò 
սɳƾ̵ʲôΪЩȭŹԳɾ佫֮ݣǧˣ򣬵һٸգ˶ãɱٵоҪΪһҪдǴ´ıͳǧ϶ңɽƽСԼ۽ˣ 
֡ 
ܣš޻ӡ󶨻һΪӦ֮ʱ۾飬ոѧʶԻ֮ţǳ 
˵ǣǳǰ̫ǳˣԺ󳼵һϽѧϰĽ˧֮ܡ 
һԻѴ˾˶ԼģŻϵ塣 
ִĻϣôɣѺԭò 



˺ֱľαԵ 
ЦݣĵȴһƬ͸⡣ 
ϣϣΪⳡϷʱѶȾҷɻķ 



ʮ 
ҹݡ 
ٳӻˮд˺ӹͨϱҪλãʺѹǧС۸¡֮ơ 
羰̨֮ͤ¥֮߳Ҳʿ涨ӣʹԹСʮᣬݡ˵ 
ѲˣȻҪͣפЩʱգŲһС 
ֻΪֻǵطٹٵӭ㣬Ѳӱ㵱λӵĻǿˡ 



ᰶ֮ƺͣ 
֮˵ʻȻУȴҲɵðһĺ⡣ 
ٺѹĳ嶯үҶ᰾ͺá 
΢ƫͷŽɫỨӳۣżͷ̻ѥϵƽ塰˫ȫִʮǼɴȵġүʱЦºޱȡ 
ˣУ¼˭ˡ 
Ȼ⸱װν΢ôֻҲ˶Ը⻻ɲ£УҲ档 
ƿĿ⣬ԶͤţǰɳʱȻģֻܿŵۺɱ鲼˾ʤա 
ϴ̣ﴺ£һͷ˿ڣҲһˡ 
֫ƫ裬Ҳ޷磬ҲݣͰСǳθãˮԝбĨһƬ졣˳ϲۡϳ 
үȻڼҡ 
ͷԺ󴦵ĺޣ˲Ǳ£֪ʱֵ֪㵽ֹѹֻϲ 
棬ֲڼ㰡ͰЩӷеĻʡʡЩɡ 
˵˵һĨɫӢĵǡôķӭҲʧЧģԹűǡ 



ͤʱֻ˿Զ⣬һʱû£Щ̤յȥ 
΢֮£úƺСӵϧЩ룬ʱǲ 
˵ȴüġ 
סʱвκηӦֻǰӰһȻѱסţߡ 
һʱ㶿ţȴΪɫ 
عʱһϲԾЩ΢ȡ 
Ϸ˾ҿԼվȣȴ֣Դҵ䡣 
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˵ţץҵڣżԼĸۣʹ֮˻ơ 
ȻӴǰȥ 
ұǿ˼оʵ̫Σջ֣ȴôҲֹ˼ݣҲ̫ǿֻΪ 
תͷ⿴ĺƶˣŲ棬·ʲôҲûһ㡣 
ֻСһ˱죬΢ͷֱǰϳ쵭 
а̾⺢Ӻʱǰ㴥䲻Ƥ񣬲Ϊء 



Ȼ֮ԵĹϵȻ޷֮⣬Һδй˵ǣο֮͢ڣϿ˭ʱŻʵۡ 
ҳ֮మ֮ŮҲѲˣԲлͷעĿģȴյκα۹⡣ 
վͤУָŴ˴֮Ŷ÷봺̨¡̧׿ɼԣν⾡۵ס 
ʱĻϣãȲʹǸߵݵˣҲʮǰǸ̸ЦٿڹƵˡ 
Ҹеһ̣ЦݲǴýڷģۼһů⡣ 

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ɲ۶ʮ֮ 
ʮҹ˺δ̴Ȼʱҹܹƾ£ǻˮаѿĿ 
̨ǰһ߾ʯأ֡⹳¡ 
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үǡ 
Ŷõش𣬻ϱ㿴ʯþûƿĿ⡣ 



ŻϵʻʱҲһˣΪθһе⹳¡ʶ 
»ʺﳽʳһк 
һҲΨһһ 
˵»ʺǱڣ䣬ʮʱɹţ湦ʮ빬̫ڳ谮֮˵ҰһƬ̫ѹ飬һ˴䡣 
»ʺйԽз̫Ѳ̫ʱͬУһ·¼ʳΪбʣ֮ǰŭоһһһۣ»ʺ֮ںڡ 
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ȻʷҶλкǰǱᣬѳΪѰеһλĴ˵ν廨ţþ 
֮Ͽ»ʺʯԭǰ 



ˣǽȥɡ 
ӻǼϡ 
ոյףȴһɴײβȵײұϡ 
δһհĶʹ̲ס 
һˡ 
ƺСŽǰסңһСΪ˴ 
վš 
º޲Уʹʶս۾ǰһԼǷײҵ˵Ľ¹Զȥ 
ײ˵ģվš 
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ɣǼҹʲôϽÿȥ 
վĽ¹Ӳδڣβ߽Ҷ֮˵еһȷ˻˵硣 
ü۲ִֻǰѳֽ˻ȥ 
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¹Ȼδһȥ쳣ֻ߻˫۲ס 
һĿ⣬ұŻĳ嶯 
һĵͽӡ 



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˵仰ʱõǼźصطζĿҺܲײס 
˵ڵϷȻҰŭ˿СˡһλкηӦŸ˵ġ 
̧ۿϣɫ䣬ֻᳶЦݡ 
λӣ˵Щǰ嵲ס˽¹ӵĿ⡣ 
ǹӿ˿ޣȻʮĺδѧʿȤֱƿ 
ӣÿ֪˭û۵ļһ 
ѵ 
ǣ 
һϵļ򵥼֣ޱ֪Ƶزһܿ˵Ū 
˴ζ֣Ȼ档 
һǹӵƱ㱻Ťһƣ۵۴С 
һǰסǼļҶ 
ǶټЩֱҪʱϵ 
ϵЦº͡ 
Һͺֻվһؿš 



ʱһſڶһȦȺͻȻ˺ 
ô£ס֣ 



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תͷһ껪߿첽˹ 
̬Ƿǹټֻ֪Ϊγ衣 
亰˻ͶȴȻǲֵģҲֻܿѹ۵죬䰵н֮ɫûйԡ 
λӣȮʲôᣬϣλ̧ܸ֣ƽľػ⣬ˡ 
ԭĸס 
ɫ߹ǸӹϵȴǽΪͳľζǻԼǹԱ 
ۿվ˹ǰҶͬͷˣԴͣȴԶԱСһݵĻ̣ɼ令УҲܹ嵱ǰƣ֪ԼٶˣʱҲȲ¶ӵһֻ֡ 



ֻһۣתͷԶͣ˰ɡ 
һһƣ¹ֱӡ͡ߡ 
̷סӣԼһߣϸѯκ顣 
֪Ƕзִ磬δˣһһƼѽ˴нӺãǵɫûҵʲôˡ 
ԼĶӵ˼Ը˼Ҷ˽ǹ룬Ȼת߽ǡ 
ϷάţղȮӶλӶðˣϷӲ֮лӺСƽϡ 
Ȼ𻰣ֻŻϵķӦ 
ܲŭ񣬵ҲЩ⡣ 
ĶȨƣûѹ˵飬Ϊ׵ĲŻϰߡ 
ֻСһ׮Ͳأ벻˿Ҳçײ 
΢ȣ΢̧ۿ΢΢Цˣ֪ӵϷұΪˡԻԸ񣬿һҲΪôʱȴתӣ 
ӷȳڣȻ 
ң·緶мΣçײһʣӹٳҪְɣ 
ǷάŹһЦϷֻתʹ˾ʹ̸ҪְйˡʼλӸմƺϰ 
࣬Ϻɱ˳ڣʵλǴ˴Ѳݣȷݱˡ 
άĿͶޣ䲻֪Ͼ⣬ȥ 
Ҷᰡ 
ºޡ 
δѧʿûнԼԼδĿǰ·άϳݣҷǹٷǻ£Ȼ㵣ġ 
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ԭλΪϷ򼸺۲ʶ̩ɽˡֻǲ֪ȻλҪݣΪȴڴأ˵ϽҪ 
֪һӣΣѲĿȻѲӽϸƣ˹ԱԻϵķæôʱ俴飿ԾҪЩѧʿΪ߷ÿ죬Ȼдıʵ棬˽⡣ 
ⷬ˵ľЦá 



һȥϾ뷽άŽĵͶ 
Ϥ˻ʱҲǵУϼ仰 
ȴʵûȤǽЩǻٻֻһϹۣŻǺ⡣ 
̸˴άԿǵС 
ǫһ󣬱òӦ 



ϣųԶֻ֮ʧ 
һܼ԰ַ⣬һնĹٳȨԭôңɼһ㡣 
վʹȥ֪ٹʵء 
أ޿ء 



ҶᰡͻȻỽ 
ڡѹӦ𣬴յӽ 
֪ⶼתʹ˾ʹǼƷ٣ 
˼ǹԣԼ֪Ĺְһ飬Ȼҡҡͷ΢֪ 
ǴƷϰȱĿԣ޵ִʱǰӼݣЩᶽܱǰҲǲܽ޵õ޵ģҲϲ 
Ͻòһʱв׽סĻ⣬˿ңҡͷЦ 
̽ͷȥǰҵһƷԱݳڣѵԵ̫ݻЩô 



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ˣҲЩ˽˻ϵ뷨 
תʹһ˹ȱеķȱԴϳԵТֿһϴ£һֵλá 
άżҶöѲµ̰ۡ 
ҲˣǰŲΪλϲֱӻȥּ鷽άţȴҪķʱ 
̫ݻؼ⡰̫ϡ 
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ģԼ˰ɡ 
ǣڽֻһ֮Եˣ㷽άѧʿݣѵͻ͸¶֮ô 
ϵΪѲ⡣ 



ռزʮִǳתʹ֮ۡδ 
Ȼٹ䣬ȷԴµݳޡ 
С԰ֽľصȴֵһڣһһһһĪϸܿǰǽ귭޶ɡ 
άԼӲι˼̨ͥ԰ 
ֱŮϲѣҸ΢΢Ʒȴڡ 
ĳշᵽϹ洦ʿ˵ĲƷζǲ 
ѧʿô˵ɷϷˣϷ˵ֻǸεģʲôĲš 
Ϸ²裬ɫ˵ǫˣĳڴ鷿УͿǽһɽˮνѵһĸƷӡַ֪ңĳ²Ǵֱʣ֪з񡣡 
άɫһЦ 
Ҿ˵ѧʿ̫߿ϷˣֻϷ֮Ϸܻѧʿοˡ 
ŶôǴ֮Ҳλ֮ʿˣˡ 
û׷⣬˼˻⣬뷽ά顣 



䣬б 
ϲɫ󣬱άŸǡ 
άȻڴ÷ȻϼΪѲѧʿ뼰ʱϻȥⶺ˷άҲֻǳš 
ǰһСͲɫؿ˹Сʢάš 
άŽӹֱЦŵݵǰ 
λѧʿһʣ̸ϷʵϲϧʱλȥüæҲ׼ʲôСС˼Ҫ 
Ϻ첼һ嶧ӣԼĪж 
ԣ˵̫ˣ¼˾Բ£ջء 
άִ⽫ƵУŭѧʿҪǲգɾǿϷˣѧʿ̫صĻڳʸϵıԼΪϷԼ䣬ҲǼλͷˣвյĵ 
£ڻΪ 
ģĳһΪ 
׼뿪˷Լϻйסء 



۵Զˣϳڶĺ޿ʼԸ 
һº˿ʼ鷽άš 
ּ⡣ 
Уܶ壬ʱһϸˣ֪ôġ 
ǡ 
ĻҲʮаյ 
Ϊο϶йأ 
΢΢һЦ˵ĺӡ 
һ֮˵Ļȴάݵ˹鷿ڣ˵ˣɼ˶ϵʮ׽Ҫ΢΢һ٣ЦøάŰάţ㻭ϵǼٵģϲдʷô 
һûʳκλ 
ľز¶ݣҼֱ޷ȥ룬ŹҼҡ 
ҵĿʲôãֻԸֻΪԸѡ 
ôʱԸˣҪһзҲڹ֮䡣 
ܿƵģͲңͲǱˣֻֻλںݵĻʵۡ 
ұ۾˫ֽסָ⣬ƽϢ޷Ƶ 
ڡ 
ˣޣӣ޽̻ȥ 
һհ졣zybg 
ǣһƷعٰٺ»ˣҲִ󷽡Ȼŵһԣƣ鷽ҵʱ򣬲ҪǸӣô죬ִԼա 
ūżˡ 
Բܿٶȼǰʻȥҵǰ;仰б 



ʮ 



ݳйʥʵ۵ҵѾһʮ꣬ÿһλ˵Ļʵۣݾڴˡ 
ΪйǳģʮӴռԼֻʮĶд԰һ 
ֵ·ݣлЩ⣬Ѳůǡ̻ݡĺʱ򣬼ҹҲеٺ䡣 



ҹѺˣȻһ޷˯ 
΢΢СĽֱƱ´ߵ֧ǰƿ 
ԶѲҹĽŲޣб϶֮⣬һӰͶλ⣬ձء 
¿ͥˮƻꡭ 
Ӱ˪ʱԭҲҹвȥ˯ѣδͣϢ 
ֻתۼ䣬ԼҲ˻¢ˣʱֵܹģʲô 



˭ 
ȻϾվڴǰ۹ϣ˿⡣ 
΢û˭΢ֻһʱиж 
ϵģҪһһ΢Ŵ̶ͻȻҵĻʵشޣղ˭ 
߹һҵ΢̧ߣʹӡ 
ʲô˵ 
־ͺ͵ģƺʵⲢûʲôҪʳڶ飬ǶԴ𰸺ִŵӡ 
Ҷᰴˣȷʵ˭ 
ҵĻۣϸҵ飬ȻͻȻһЦЦȴֹ۵ס 
 
һ𣬲֪Ǻ⡣ 
ΪҪᵽ 
ûʲôʫ̴ʣ绨ѩ£Ƕôõ£ֻϧ;ѿأɼջ޳ʵ£һֻ׷ɵãʵڿ̾̾ 
̾ƵᣬȴģֻǳԴ 
ϵĻȻҶ᰷ʡ 
ͷңȻѷµֳ˿תҼĸ 
ôŸʲôʱǲ㣬ΪʲôĳЩ˾ôäĿظΣȻȷ֮ʱδ㺦ȴƫƫʱСģѵôô 
¹ˮ͸΢١ 
֪ǷȾ£ĿʱҲˮ 



һʣҾҲһʱ벻ԼΪλˡ 
һ֪㴿ƣʶشӿʼ϶˶Դ˲ɲûǷҲ⡣ 
ֻȻȻ˵ķӦ 
ң۹˶ɥҲΪĦʥ⣬ܲС 
Ȼϸ֮£˵ֲûдΪֹҲûܹʲôȺܹͣվڴ˵أȻѾʧȥʲôҲܹ 
ʧƫģ 
뷨ȴֻĸ֡ 
Ѳ⡣ 
üֱۣ˱𴦣˼ 
ͷ̧סһǷڽӿȻϾ֮ǰҲ֪ûմĿܡ 



Ҷᰡ 
ڡ 
΢һ񣬲ŷԼż˹ȥ֪ʱվڼĻϣȻܺЦƵ 
ֱЦˣգɫҡ 
֪ΪΣǰҲ֮һ 
ڻ˵Ҷᰣ޾㣬ƫ㡣 
Ļ˶סˡ 
˵ġʲô 
ݣ֪ˡǺĻ 
ΪҪͻȻĻ 
ӣѵǡһֱ֤ô˶ҡ 
ôˣ޿ǽѵһ 
ʡΪΡҲףΪʲôҡ 
δ˵꣬žԼһƬ 
û뵽һͻȻĪĻһˡ 
ʱ޴룬۾Ҳ֪Ҫŵ 
ΪʲôظţȻЦһ£ĿͶ񣬡ΪһֻδѵСǡ 
 
㶣ұĻӰͻȻ䱿ôΪʲôܹ⣿ 
񡭡ǣ 



ʣ⴫ŵ 
ʲô£ʡ 
ػϣרš 
 
űƿһС죬żⲽڣֱֱʵǰ 
Żֽһݣŵ˼һѱơ 
˵һߣŻϲ𿪷ϸĶݡ 
ţѲǵһ⣬ÿÿۺʱŵᱻУʱҲ⣬ǹܺÿհʱĹټǲͬ 
ˣȥɡ 
ź󣬻ֽǣյǰվ¡ 
Ƴ˵۹һɨԶԶվţֻ߽ 
ôˣվǽ䴦ȥʲôϵ·˫󣬲ͬü 
ڿҪżҶᰲҽҵͷָϸǽڷ 
ڵôСˣҲЩб档ҹɫػصϣԭôˣٲЪϢ̾͸þˡ 
£ֻĺ 
ͻƽ֮ǰĶԻΣжʱţֻҲԽ 



ʮһ 



һ˼Ī˯ʼٸȴȻߣһʱǳǳĺУʾҵĶΪʵڱȲ 
շתֻ࣬ʲôͷȵţȴֲַ徿ΪΡ 
ԭ̹ȻĴ齣ʱȴҲ 
˼ȥ֮ʱһֱֻͻغ˹ҵʣʹһ彩ӲҶ 
ãҲκζҲ˾ƶӻЩơ 
Ӱ뿿˵ţȻҲͽڰסĻг˯ȥ 



ʱִһ֪ͻȻƬ̵󣬷ѴӵҵϢȣδ 
Ҿٲ˯΢ı۰ȦΧ뿪ůΧէ峿ϲ˼¡ 
ǰ˴ˮڲʱƳǽ̽˿̺ϼͻأմһСƬףЩضȥϸԭСֽƬ 
ʰϣֽϻܴԿ֣оġá֡ 
ǡյǷרô 
ϻᵽãҲǲҲпܣڲȡʲô 
һĹеĹټӦѾϸ˵ˣ˴֮Ի֣ϲЩ̨ϵԭ 
ò̽̽ϵĿڷ磿øǰ׼ 
ǵ 



ԥѾ֮ʱϴЩϢһͷǻ˯з˸ 
ǱɫıɴԵö˷͡ 
δǰṩҵůػҲ˵Ļ 
˵ңԸƫҡ 
ô 



˯ʱƵΪ¡ 
СҲź˵ģЩ鼸δͶԼ֣ϵϼſӻʲô£ֻ壬ָϺ˼Ρ 
ſֱ۶վڴǰһ߹۲ңһæµ 
ȡһϵĶ壬ΪϵʱҷصʣҶ᰽뵽УȻͷҲ֪ûжٺӿɹˣ 
󣬻û˵ 
ҵϥ£ϸǷϵù 
ڳõ£ǹ֮ڣҼҲǴиϵҴĳ˵Ǹ֪ߣдһҲΪ 
û˽´̽ҲûӴĦֱʣʾϣҲǶĻ֤ 
ȻҪ뷨 
ãȥеĺɰȴһ 
˵ֻСǣҲ˵ôˣӦ˵ֻСŶԣôôıӣġ 
׳ı۲ϣʹҺʱ٣Լԭʵʲô 
ôа˵ķϣøЩǡ 
ıϢ˽Ҿȵ˼£Ȼɿ֣ҵԼվȡ 
Ҳ֪ҵһƬ 
õ£Ǵ˴Ѳع󣬱㿪ʼ 
ô졭˲ĻҲ 
޴˴һ˽ϣ⽫Ϸ̨Ϊ޳һϷܲͷ 
ϵ˼ǡ 
һˣǲʱʧ̫ʱΪṩûᣬԳҲھڵڼסһȨ˵˵ţɰȻ˵ԼȻʮҪöˣĿܱ࣬Ҳһһο޻רŶס²Ѱѡ 
Ƕ塰顱ɰع˩ϣչ°ڣվӡ 
ϹȻŲߣӢǷ 
ˣظһºϿޱȵļЦ 
۴ӱҲֵ 




ʮ 



ǰдһŸףתȰѰЩɷſԱܷͷԭǲܽӰ˻ϵļƻ 
д꣬ǲܷܺģҶԸ׵˽⣬ҵĻо𼸷ãʵڲֹۡû»ãƫɸʲô񣬵ʱǻάҲˡ 
дһϯذ˵ԣ̶ˮ 
ֻҪϯæҾͿȫȻģа취 



ݣ˺һ·£򽭣ݣݣ˵;ͣפˮѡ˲ţգųӭ͵񣬲йѲ֮Ӣڼ֮޲̡ 
ϯĻҸɼ򻧲ٻ׼ʱڼоҲصġ 
˺յ㣬ϵһẼݣڴ˼ɾ֮ͣ£ŤͷԴ̷ 
Ϊ;Ҳʱһ㣬ת·ῪʼУ벢δϣʮģԭļϡȴҲһһһʹǧɽԸֻϧҵΪǰʧ֮顣 



ʱѽʢģٹǰжӭ˺棬ʵƽмˣֻǺһ̣Ȼݲ룬ֱСη鹬 
뿪֮ǰ⽫һһ䡣 
ȥ֮κ˶ҪСЩ޿ɲ´μ֮ǰʲôǶĳЩ˾Ե޹ʵΡ˵Ǹ˵ĺá 
ⷬԵ޹ʰɣھվ۵ط˲Ŀ 
룬ǹӦˡ 
ϽӣЦһЦѵǵһصҪ˺ôҲҪȿޱ˵ 
ֻǾ仰Ҳɶ˷⣬ƺѲһεİʾˣָģǺ˼ 
˵Ҳˡǣߵ⡭ 
Ǻԭ˵ֻ˭ 
صͷҲ˼ȥ 



˻ϵķԸһعľơ 
˹ţ½βڣƽ֮С䲻ҵļңȴҲڹһֱΨһ²ڣ֪кεȱʡ 
̫ƽȥɣʰøɾ׵̫ƽһ·Ͷ٣ʮҪϢūžͲˡ 
ҳ衣 
ϻкηԸô 
ɻɫתң߽һĵǰ̫࣬ЩݣҲ֪£ԺӿЩ 
ˣԲĳֶתתЦӦУǾϵĻūһġ 
͹ˡ 
Ҳҡʱˣūͻȥүˡ 
ԶԶȥˣڵվ˰Σ˽ȥ 
빫Ҽϣ仹ЩϾǻ飬ҲŴ˿ҽĻЩ˵仰Ȼ϶źϰټ֮ʱҲͲ֪һмַˡ 



̤Ԫӭһʱ˴롣 
̧ɨıƷıİ裬仯ģ·ˡ 
Сӵ̺»·ɵϣȻ֪ҪϢƬ̣ȻźоӦԸ˸ġʺ򡱡ġۣ˯⡣ 
ҪȼǸˡ 
ߣȥҾֱȥСһ 
ڣӻûЪϢ 
Сӱߺűæϣһ·߶߶ţϵǰס˲ӡ 
ס̫ҪȥͨĶҶŵţƬ̣Ŷ롣 
ķľƮУ΢ֲоصζ 
ϸ˵һȦҵˡ 
ƫϼš 
һžƿһִϥϣȫڱ䣬ֻ¶ǳüյ£ 
ôվãûз 
ظ˹ȴֺȻǲ𣬾Ҫ˵Щʲô 
Ҳ˴ʱ 



ʮ 



ûз죬ˣԼ˹ 
ңһʱ磬Ǹոհ˯Σع 
ҿӣЦǰһǰλΣΣ 
㡭㲻Ӧøջôô͹ˣ 
ڷӦõţԼߵűк˸ұ衣 
ıӰûлشѡ˺ʻ 
Ĳ֪ΪʲôҪһûԭֻǶ޳ԼҲ徻һ㣬֪еˬ 
δʱϯ֮⣬Ҳֻһ˿˰ġ 
ϵС̫˲һſڣѸղŵĻһΣæȷ˴⡣ 
㻹δЩӹأ 
һۣƽƽ˵㿴Ҳ֪ˣǺƽһ 
ˣ⻰ʵҲǱ׾뿪ǰ޶£ûʲô£ң鹬˭ȥ 
Ǿͺá 
أһ˳ȥؾ˲ٰɣ 
š͵˲⣬Ͼɫ뱱شǲͬһ۸ 
ô 
ŲѣͻȻ̧ͷƳһۣȻ㲻˵ 
Ρ̸ֻ羰Ļ˭ȻߵʱαǼΪ죬𶼲ֱӱ·˶룬Ҳ֪ߣ·漰Щ¹ֻ֮İӿܽó 
ǼǼ˵Щʲôģɴʱ־޻˵ֻǳĬ 
ʱеһ˽֮Уúܶණˡ 
ֻ֮˱仯֮ҲѾ͵ͬ 
ҵһѽ⣬ǵȻУȻҵľѾˡ 
ٵԼһͿ뿪ʹݾˣͬΪ̵ݡ 
ȻȻҪѲ˼ɵغա 
ԺѸֳϵӣЦȴŲͬζ 
ԭԭ̶ĸ£ܿˡ 
²̾ 



Ȼҵƽ֣ط顣 
мĺ£̸ּ 
ˣȻѽʵԶҰݶȡ 
һ󵨶ӵʱˡ 
ͻأݷõʱ߳ҵҲˡ 
ȣòĿʱէҵˡ 
Ҷˡ 



ţһʲôͷ΢в 
ܾʲôܶԾ벻⡣ 
ֻƺ©һЩһʱ׽ס 
ҴǣҪطĥҲɶԼѡ 
Ը⣬ҲûһʲôֻҪúϢȻ㽫ͳ˷ 
ϧ˼¹һҹҲδʱҲľǸͷ 



ʮ 



հ죬ԪεΪʢ 
һΰѲҿν۱ԭ鹬ǶҿмΣǸչȱƵģһ½ţ̸ѣһҵԨԴʾñңɫףһɡ 
Ӧȫȴɰ̾ˣΪΡ 
ϣʥŨʱΪǽû̺·ЯһѣȻ˭ֻȥ֮£ѵŬڽʴȣοӦ 
ֻұʾΪУϣҷŹǣҲδЦǱͺв֮ˣر̬Ҳ˷ĶѵҾͻΪＸЦı뷨ʵڽ˿̫Ϳ 
УǾδƽþܳ¡ܣԶұŰж̬ȣ˵ҲǼǹǰ޶¡ 
ҲƽϣλҾӱλֻôӦƽƽʧ֮ˣ˷֮ĵͬʱҲ˵ж֮ģϾѲپʲô⵹ҵ 
߼ŵܳ¡ܣϯ̩ˣȻڣֻҵġ 
غؾõˣϯ̸̩ 
ƺ뾩һºǻرܣ˿ἰֻЩкͼ¡һ뵽һҹ̫ƽµ̬ȣҲʶȤû⡣ 
ϯ̩ŽţȻҲʱϯἰҸ׸没һ£Щģһ߰˵¡Ȼ֪ûۼ׵ģʶеǣⲻ֪Ҫ׸ٵңϯδϯ̩ 
¼ڹûãûˡ˵ˣҽϡ 
˵ҲҪ㣬㲻ڵʱһֱͦչҵģǸܳҲͲô˵ˣ£ϯ̩ɣ۴ɲҵĶ֣ʵ۲ڹ鹬ڵ»ǹԼ 
һˣ 
ǵûСʲôͷҲѹȥˣߣֻҪСӲңһȥ 
㵹ȷҪúллҵͷĳ嶯 
ٺ٣ǵȻˣҵ˴۲ŸͽһϺõĶͥݴһ͸ôֱ˰ɣ 
ǣ˵лԭö򷢵ģһǽ軨׷𣬳ⲻ 
ϯ̩װɵЦţҡҡͷûٶƽϡ 



˼գһϣǱߵһλСԪ˵ҹȥƷ裬һ˼Ϊϯ̩ǰҶ 
ﱾ£ЩҪοЩδøѲŮҲԽЪڣкòɺȣƴǵĵ 
ϵȻǶͥݴ˳˵Ǵϯֺ̩öһ˶㲻˷ѼƷ 
ҲǫǣֻЦŴЩϣԽȡ˳ߵһ 
һˮһ̸죬ҽǰܳ¡ܶҽţɾúЦ 
˵ҵǿǰ컹 
Ŷ˵Щʲô 
ʲô˵Ķ˵ϯ̩ҵҶЩȤ˵Ҳ˰ͥݴ֪ĸЩҰѲҶʱʱһƽʱҶϧ˵ҪٳʵģҲֻˡ 
ҶܸȤţһòãҶûȫ˰ɣʣµĸҿ 
δ⣬ֽ˹滹ʣ롣 
ֽϸϸ鿴ĲҶһƬƬԲŹɫ״ֱá 
ǡѽݺãСյŵϡ 
ͷɻһյıǣڹѩ飬ˣȻʱע⵽ѲЩϢһ 
ⷺڡ 
һ΢һعͷһۣϽء 



ʮ 



ҷ²ǣӻȡ˿龻׵ľСĵذһȦȦϣڻ 
ӣҪôҡ 
Ҵͷָʶظſİ棬ҡȺú롣 
ܳһУ֮⡣ 
ԭΪӴǣҲֻϵ飬ķ˺ݣû뵽ȺֶΡ 
Ȼ֪ҪĶ˭ⶾôɵȻжһɾ͵һͲҶϯ̩ϣҲ˵裬ֻҪκһ˺ˣܺǵˣʵǺݶ 
ֻһ˶ѣҪѸϵôס 
ЩԸ 
ûʶЩҽ 
ҵʻ£ѵҪԼ˽鶾ôΪʲôøùܵ˽ 
˵ȥϱˣʲôô룬ȻȷʵжˣҲ֪ʲôģģҲȥԡңϾûж£жˣܳ±ϾǴĶӣΪ±ôɣ˷ǴݾߣҲ֪һжݵĳĵ 
ţĸҽǱȽϿиģϧҽʱձϾж̣ҲδùʲôʹҽʵڽӴ١ 
ˡѲʱָÿΪϼѦҽôյк˿Ҳȵ֪ϲҸӣά鱨ô죿ǿɾ治֪ˣѡջҪٿ 
ǣܲԼжҪôķա¶ܲͬı飬סҵ֡ 
֪ҵġֱöҪǱ˲ǣȻԸⰲȹӣҲ۸ͷϲֵģԵ±Թ£һģȻҲû˷ִġԲͬЦŵǵĵĻʱ򣬰Щˡ 
һ仰ǿοõģ˵룬־òףشԼҡҡͷˣɾˣǲϲģǣԼɡ 
˷Цһ˲⻪磬ȻɫҶΪˣҲŻᵣء˵ġ 



ʮ 



Ȼ֪ĲģȻҲҽһλҽһǾȥѦҽ 
µˣһǻʹ棬ƵģݱںǸĵλ˲ȷ죬ҲֻϽЩδؿƽ׵˴ķաѦҽͬۿһֱڻҵģӦиʵҲԼмֿƾ̣ҪȰЩʶ֮һЩ 
ȡһСѲҶɰ͵Ѧҽϣֻ˵ճθЩʣæǷΪҶ⡣ 
Ȼܹס 



ȻһգѦҽ㶥鹬ңС 
ҽӭҲӣżɽЦնѦҽǴ 
ףȵƽˮ޲¹ٲҵǾ˼ϸ壬Ķһ 
ЦҲǫ顣 
ǻ赼³θʣȥ̫ҽԺҲǵʱʣĲҶˮͱһ͹ȥ鿴˭֪һֳ⡣ 
ҶѾ϶ֻ治Ѱ 
Ȼ⵱еֻǼ΢Сģ˵Ǵ 
˻˵˵ΰɣ 
Ӽϱһ߼߼Сȡ״Сƿŵϣֵ¹ϸ飬˲Ҷвıݴײֱܷ𣬶ĲҶԶˮ 
Զˮ 
ǣԶһжֲʳʽͬڲͬԼΪһڣʳһͷͷʹڸɡŻ¡ʹк֢״ʱɼήң겻˯δ󡢻㡢ȡθѪ߶Ըмˣָˮԡ˶ˣжػβߣһܵõЧҽΡ 
ĲУΣ 
ؾϣ˼θ 
ҳ 
ܳҲûɱ˵ĵӡ 
ȷѼңԷ֮ġ 
ңұػطڹƢԣ̣ȴδʧȥ 
οµĿǲԶ˭֪´λ᲻ͳ˪ 
Ѧˣζлˡ 
ϲ¹ٲûʲô 
ȻƲ壬ڹлˮˡ 



ߣд֪ضԲȥȻʼ˼λرܳµһ⡣ 
ȹҲ᲻Ϊ 
ֻܽɾʵΪ 
ڲȡԲ֮ǰȰһĵȴɹܳ£ݾ߲ǡ 
ǣתұǲСȥܳ´ֻ˵Ʒ֮ʱҲʧ־˲Ҷӣԭĺò趼˷ˣΪЩݴ˷Ժصơ 
㣬ܳҲͲÿһҺľ־СĴˡ 



Ұģұ㿪ʼж 
˵ܳµļıҲǶôֻʤϡ 
Ϊ̣ڹڼ䵱껤࣬ǰӦѭģӵѪղͬŮӣܱϳҵĴǷëǣ˽С̫йĬȻڹþõģǵȵ΢ݵ̫ǲ⣬ȻŷѰĳ·Ҳ⡣ 
׷ѰĶ󣬵Ȼͬһڵ̡ 
λܳߣҲ֪ίԼһĸֻ̣軨Щͨ鹬ѲҹǣȻɳҹ˽ͨҹ䲻뷿Ĺ涨ʲôá 
׽֮ʱδʲôѣֻЩʱڲиϵ̾ˣԼǹ߳ڰϣŪˣұ㽫ȥдˣһֽͶ񸮣ǡҪϡ 



һ죬ȶڵҹ˲ӭ˵ƻͨĹӳԶԶģֽҲڲס 
˱³⣬վڶϿͥйŵӰվǰָȥܳµķ 
ʱܳµϣƽյİֽǡ綷ܵĹһ㣬Ұܡ 
ߵȴߣδǰм֮ˣ㿡Ŀֻ־֮ɫ 
ﱾǼõģɿˣͻ־Щ̡ 
ܳΪƽþһҪڹУϾʳǣɱɹ˽ⱲӾˣͼ˼ǲؼң»ʼϵҪԵĶǼΪµĺ 
߸޹ֻûΥԼλߵܳ¶ѣȴҪ³ 
ЩһɣҲûкڵͷΪ֮˸С 
Ҳνͬ³˭֪첻ҡ 
Ѻ˹˺һó·ĬĬӰԶȥ֪˺޼ᡣ 
һ棬̽ʱһͣѹҶߵϷģūѽǰյøɾˡ 
Һһϣܿ켴ָ΢˵ͷЦȥˡ 



ҹδ˯ãڶձ㾫Ѽãֵ֮ըһ㣬Ҳȥᣬֻϧ巿֮벹Ҳá 
һȥ¥ա 
͵ţȴĵĹ˵ǽҪҹȥ 
ǡȥǡޡ⵱еĲֻǲ 
ֱȵʱѹҹʱ֣Ҳű͵ĵǽ˺Ҽ䣬ʡȴʱಽ衣 
ƵĴǰµˡ 
ŵȴֲֻ޹¯ζлһ޵޶ѹֵζ 
ˣԼ֮ǰ޵µġ 
ҵһνӴ˻úϢȻϱȻѾʰɾˣζҲѱ޹ڵüûУֲĴ̼ǿеײ 
뵽ԽԽԣֱվǰ 



ôίҲģ㲻˰ɣҺһſڣ˵ȴ 
ػϣֻ˯Щѡ 
ǣҲ˵ˣ鹬ﵹ֣ϧ̫룬˯磬ûƼ 
̹ҶΪˡ 
˰ΣҲû˵ 
ֱһֳֻǰҴӵϷ 
õ죬˵Ҫôֻǿûʲô״ѦʼȻ˵ɫ糣Ӧ˭֪㵽մǲ趾ûС 
ϸϸضҵĿʮᣬȻҾţǲɵøж 
Ѧҽǻϵˣһ˵ʮϸȻҲ϶˵ǲԶļС֪ûд󰭣ȴ˹ģһľ˵ѵõĽ 
οۻۣ˽԰˵ˣûй𣬻 
Ҷ᰺ңд˾ 
ϷģǶǻδʱͲ˳ģҶûзáһش 



Ȼһ㽫ȥ˸ʱĵЦЦ͸뷨 
ʵȷܳµĶô 
Ǽҵ̬ȷӦӦûд 
ˣȱ׽ס˴ʲôҲʳ޻ᰴɴģͲٳˡ 
ҵͷӦˣڻָ˼ãԿܳ±ʱɢȴΪԼƻóɣΪ⼸仰Բƫ̻ 
̲סЩЦ 
ţѴҵӡ 
޵˵СűʲôЩͳ¡˵ţȥ 
˼ʶ΢һͣͷңôˣ 
ıҲ֪û˶ǲָеܻܲش˵Ϊϰ߱µζԲޣңĻ˵ֻΪѳ 
һʱ侹벻˵ʲôֻܴס 
£ȴ˵ˣôˣϢȥҲա˵޽ûеޣʱ򲹲ǵҲ鷳úܡ 
Ȼ̧ףʵ벻Ǩˣֱȫûһ㡣 
ҹüţܲ˶ݡ 
ǰҲãϲҲãȤҲãҲãԼ˵۳ҡ 
סԷϵƣ̧ףЦա 
ңȻƻһع 



ٳţص˵գݴ񣬵ʱϲϲһ¡ 
׷Ǻ뵽ضϽֻ˵ͷתż 
ϴµĶѵ˻ȥôȼ䣬ҲʧЦ 



ʮ 



Բܳһ£鹬ľԱѲҹܵ𷣣̭֮ãǰ׵һµÿҹǿ鿴ϾԼѾΡ 
˵ܳ±乬ڣֻǾ˵ѣС̫ǴϢ֪Ϊν֮±üΪ͵йδ̼乫ǷҪ˴õϢ 
ΪôżҲ뷨 



Ͻԣ治չ鹬ٴӭּ 
ּǰƣڱ΢죬ɣ͵˹ôҪͶλܹһˡ 
ȴû뵽ӭľǳ 
վԪǰԺеƶ֣ؿһۣȻŻ˳ 
ˣʵԻ̫ƽҶᰵпׯΪƷݣסٹһӦӣУ𸺻ʶմˡ 
ҿƱ˿ڣʥּҡ 
ֻеһ㡣 
˵ˡʲôƷݣ 
ϣϣּлš 
Ƶѣ޷Ӧ 
ƾᣬͬˮһ㡣 
ָ״ʹĸоѾԼһֱֻվȭյ 
ʵһݲ˵Ĵ񰡣ϣ񣬴鹬һҲβ 
ݣΪ֪һƷףǴʱ׶𡣻ݡרӣΨһһԽ̷ΧŮּ۵ȵķš 
ﳽʳܷ꣬⻪ֻ֮²ڴʱǸʷвĴ 
˵յ»ʺǾףһĻôÿһλҲǸз绪ˡ 
ЩݵĴԹ£ᣬΪ֪ 
רΪ֮ݴ¼ 
ֻܹΪݵʵ̫ˣȵλʮ꣬δһλݣ˭֪ավᡭ 
̫ƽūէϲѶǼؿɲּܻūҲý 
Ϊѵɫɿƣּл¡ 
ϲϣŶūŸúݲˡԸūţʲô˵ūſ԰ 
ϲϱܣҲޱȻϲɣ 
ҶԣϲӺδΣϲ 
Ϊʱţ빬ҶԻյǸҶᰡ 
޳Ϊ̫ƽ֪ԼӴ˴Լ뿪ǲȥΣʶﻹΪԪֱϣԼҲһ 
Ȼһ˻ݣһ鹬Ӵ˶ŵľٲʮ򵥣Ƕʮٹ临ӣն񣬸޷ 
ϣ㽫빬δһ֮˾̶Ѩ᲻֪ҽЩŮΪждֻ̣¸Ҷ죬νġҵô 
˵ƫҿֹıʧȥҲҪʵֵϵҫ 
ΪβԸԸҪҪ 
ˣ˵ˣϲϲҲҪ¡ 
оܾء 
ҶûʲôҪ˵ģлˣֻߵл϶ǡ 
˵ִ꣬ŻּתȥٹܱǺηӦ 



ţв߬üһţ̧ۣ֡ 
뽫ӵԶԶģӵĵط 
ǣվûӳȥ 
ۣͽȻ 



ʮ 



վã⴫ߵ 
ӣϯ̩ˡ 
ѹ˼ƽӦɡ 
û뵽˲Ǳˣϯ̩ΪƢԣ֪˴£Լֻжʱ䲻ϼأ˭ȴ졣 
תſڣϯ̩˽һʱվסȻ߽¶ݣҪϲˡ 
¿Цϯ̩뵽νǶิӵֻٶ裬Ҹ˳ 
̸һƬ⣬ҲЦӦô˷ˡ 
Ȼڣɱֻ֪ϰ䲻ûǸʲôʮһݣβأվȻ̯ˡֻɾҪ뿪ˣԺ֪˵˵ְ 
ģлҲǻģܲ󷴶ûɡ 
˵ҲǣǾ̫ˡһʧ˳ô죬û뵽һϾãҲֵˡòǱ֪ǶأҲƶˣңʲôҲûɹ˹Ҳֻ£ûʲôֵˣҪһֱﻤš 
ϯֹ̩˵ȥαôأԼʱ˵Ļ˵ֻһȦѣͳȥˡҲֻʣһʱˣʱ㻹㣬ռҵĺӣԺָӱɱеĻô࣬ǲհʹֻһξĲʲôԺŶԡ 
ϯ̩ңǱͻȻĻЩסƬ̲ӦЦ˵öԣôͻȻ벻ˣֱҵԸˡ˵ҪڹԵ㣬ƾ׳һӣʸ񰡣Ҳóųɡ 
֪ĻЦЦóֻҡҡͷ 
ϯ̩̬ȣҲʶȤĻ⣬ֵˣνɶҪˣɸЩʲôմմ⣬ףףǡ 
ǳЦֱ˵ǣҪʵҲûʲôõģϧڹˣȻǰӽϰһϻ¥ȾƳԶٺõģôʹ졭 
ҪЩ˵Ķ˵ɻڣһ뵽ǲܳȥ˵ݣûȥЩ£ˣԼҲû²Ȼû 
ϯ̩վţճĬý 
Ĭϯ̩ͻȻڣҶᰣ֪Ҷһֱǡ㡭 
ϯ̩˵ˣ̷յĵڶֹЩ£Ѿ˵ˡҲЩˣ㣬Ȼȥɡ˵꣬žڽɬ 
ҡϯ̩ɿңԱͷȥٿܾζΪԡ 
ű˿ڣȥֱľű֨ѽҶᰡԲ𣬻Уϲ 
ŲԶҾֱǰ£˿ǹͷ 
δģϯ̩Ļһ˿꣬ؿưʹ 
һ˯ȥȫһΡ 



ʮ 



ճԪ¿ʼʰƷ׼Ǩ鹬ˣʵֵôߵĶֻ࣬Сӿһ᲻һţҲۣȥŪָӣԼ˵⣬й䡣 
ۼȥڼǲȥϯ̩ǲһֻĻ᲻κξ 
磬δʢлʣһȦԣ˭֪ŲͥʱȴδԤϴʱ֮ˡ 
˱Сп첽ȥ 
ǡֻڻǰźģô 
Ź 
ҵͣס˽Ų 
ԭǡݴˣūŸݴ밲 
ƽɣѵÿ鹬߶ʲôô 
Ƽңһ£ǻϴʱϵūֻǸġ 
һȥ 
ǡǸūŻҪȥȡ뻪ˡūȸˡ˵꣬Ʊͷ˳ȥ 



ֱϵ 
һֱĲϲͻȻˣ֪ܶҪ 
հȻ鹬ڣȥʲôԭǻϲϲ 
ǲֻϣҪʲô²źá 
ϵ飬˻Ӧ 
Сƿţɨӹڣֻ㱡ƣ治Ӱ 
ʲô״ 
߽ڼȴҼɵߵǰϸ 
ǰЩͰˣ޶鹬ûȤֻȾڵһݣ⹬ھȻܳҩһ£ȴҪô 
΢ʧְδܼʱע⵽뾹ʥݣʵ 
ǻϣУ 
ǷʧְһҲ׷˵ģûЩ飬ùʲô£ε̫äĿȥ㣬ԼҲõúܺãǣҪùޣǲĸ 
ʮ㶯ͳվڷ֮Ҳ⡣ 
ϵĻ΢ֻ̿֡ƽ糣ȴҲв 
֣̿ǣ̿ЩҲã޾Ͳ֮⻹ҪЩҩŹʲôˣ˵ǲǣ 
΢߾ܡ 
Цαǰ˽ԣЩװ׵˵ǸôʵҲһ⣬ֻһ䣬˼вͬݣǸ԰ݵĺãҪȥˣϵ˼ҲʡʡˣȻνԶʧж裬ʱȻȴͿһ뵽ˣʱѵں 
΢ҶᰣǺѹϵϵĻ΢һġ 
Ƭ̵ĳĬȻЦǺأ㶼ܴôֵˮ©ˣ޻˵ԼףòҪ׽ʲô 
΢Ųſڣѹȥһֱ⡣ 
ļƣǲܽ鹬ҲϧƲУ˵ţĴҲûлش 



죬Ь̤˳̧ͷԾļ࣬΢ŷ쿴ڣֻ߷񣬿ݡ 
ˣŽĿƻصϣҲڿңѶ 
Ȼ󲻴ѻֽšžشϣץסҵ֣ǰߡ 
ĲӲвҲҪںСܸܲϡ 
Ϣ΢Ŀڴʹ߬ŵҲ۽ҧ 
һֱԪڣֻ˵һ䡰ͳͳȥüԭڵС̫׷߱ܣΨں档 
ֻʣˣŷſң⵽̽ǰʱû˵ 
ղŵõɵ֣ҲֻĬĬվһߡ 



˶٣ 
ʵѵã£ƽ͵ûа˿쳣 
Ұ˸Ц֣ΪϤ׼ĸ˷ѣŻóģ©䡣 
ͻתңһֵʱÿ졣ڲ̬ 
ʥˣȴһ̫๬ŮҲǻ⣬Ǳʵְ̫ˡ¾ûƣҲԼȥѰҵİɡ 
ʼЦֺЦ⣬˵㲢Ϳʵû˵ 
ʵʲô̵΢ģֱԱɣһϴػΪѹ˼зڵķֲŭ⻹ίҵĻӼ 
޲أѵûѹ𣿵Լ˵ģѵţ 
ΪֻƵĶԻͻóȫϲ⣿ 
һ٣Ȼͷ¶֮ϵЦߣ㲻ᡣ 
ûдԣֻʹûȫţҲ˻ɣĻرӦζʲôҲǲ 
ɻϵֶΣʵ̫̫ˣֱ˱أݴϢ 
ҶᰣͻȻػңһֱʼն̫ˡľԼҪڻʹһӵģֻһζӱܣԼӦԵ£Σյ룬Ը̧ͷǰ࿴һЩ޽Ϊݣ֮ĹϵЩǺ㻹ǰ㣿޵⣿ѵΪԼԪһô޿Գ㻤㣬ʱʱ̣̿ڹȥûߣҪǰԣ´βضҩŮǵķӶúܣҲҲ⣬ʱ͵޴㡣 
˵꣬߳Ԫͣ͡ 
һˣĵڣ׻޷ 



ʮ 



ҵġԣ 
ôܣԴ԰պˣ뿪ǽԺҪľǿ壿 
һ˳⣬һ£ѵҪҰȫԼǵ㳹ף 
ҺԴΪϻһֱңֻһߡ 
һɣΪεĿȴѱҵĴ 
Ļֻ߳ŭʱġڣڸԼҵĽڶѣ 
ǵģ 
紵ãûйؽƫҶ΢ڶڰĵϹ¶֨ѽ졣 
Ȼ亹Ϯһ 
ҶᰣҶᰣܣˣ 
԰ѼһѻֱԼҲҪƭȥ 
αװѱѣĻƴԭĿܣʵ˵ʱѾףֻԲϡ 
ȥʮԼʲôģʮҲ뿪Ԫ뿪鹬Լٷκθı䡣 
Ϊ÷ŵϣǽԼʧȥǰһ̣֯õļӼסԼһӶƭԼ¿糣 
ԻʹıĻôߣôԹޡ 
͸ؿԼ·˺һ㣬˿ڴƵʹ 
˵ģܶһ㣬ֱֱҵѨ׼ȷ 
䣬ҿñԼҪ͸ 
ԭҵʶУһֱȥʼղԸȥһҪڹеӦԵĺ 
ǻƣֱȥκΣˣԼ᧵̬ϡ 
ִԣѵң˵߳鹬󣬸ڲпĹаȻʱһҪȥĻӡ 
ֻǡ֮Ը۳豣 
Ѿһ㻤ûκӱ֮ʱ 
ҡͷЦûн 
Ϊʱ򾹻ȥ뵽˵ĻĳŵѵѲ 
ָģӦԼŶԣҪı㣬Ҳñҽ£ȻյҶкβͬ 
ǲʹѹģףҪȥˣƤһĲ̣Ӵʱ˿ұ뿪ʼԼκͽ 
ƶࡤҶᰵƽɥڻʹġ 



ԪǨʱǲʮ̫ǽеļӣʲô챦һ㡣ֻǽ̧ٹʱӵģڳ鹬ʱӦұ㲻֪ˣҼһеٹ֪׵̴ԼΪһ㲻𣬿һʱҲ˲Щ 
ֻΪһˣֻǲҡ 
ϵĶԻ϶˵Ļֻӳ£ֲʱ뷨 
Σǻɣֻ߽Բǣ 
֪Լʱ˵ʲôڲ 
ӱܣԼһջŪףֻǲ¡ 
վڳٹǰϣңԶ鹬ߣ֪Ѿ뿪ʱʧ֮飬Щͬܵį 
һΪʧô 
ݣ֪⼸ 
Сʻҵ˼ƫͷһСһ 
㲻ǡ빫ôȻҵ˷Ǳˣǵ빬ְ͵Ǳ԰λ 
ǰ̫࣬ĵϵֵô 
ݣūŵıվͺãūԽ𱻷ɵٹź 
ĸ𣿡ϽӦ˰ɡ 
ӣūŸձ̫ࡣ 
ˣǻݣͬȷ˵ߵ̫ҪԭСȻֱӸˣǳԭƸⳤٹﻹҪĹĵĵȻڻ£ⰲٺʲ 
ʱưæ빫ĻǸ˸֮ˣһ˳ˮ飡 
ֻǡ 
գ̫ãǱȲĵףһʧƣūŵĵλҲһǧɣ㲻ô 
ūŶͼģΪūţԵͬˡ 
֪˵ĻǼ⣬Ц˵úãֻ仰Ҳ̫ʧҪеԼûиӡ 
ūףݽһ˳ 



ٹǰʱٲͬĹҪѧҪ֪Ҳ챻ĥûԡ 
ΪݺһıǲٱܼŮֵֹ߲̫֮࣬Ůź򣬶ҴӴںп޽Ůִ˵ǻʼҸһּΣܹΪݵ˵ĲΣŮͬĵλͬʱҲּΣʹûݸҪԼɣΪƾɰҺ󹬣ȴŵıǱ֮˸Ͽĳͷ 
ŮһŷֵΧ£ڼ֮ʱҲܹŮǵķ̣ѲȵȾҪһݣȻ͸ñӣ˿ʵ̫պСΪ̫࣬򽻸ָӷɣҪȵֻ಻١ 
Ū˳ٹҪһ±ȥʹ밲ڱҿûа£롰ͬƷĻݣ۹ֻвμʹǱģˣ˿˵飬Ҳ޿κΡ 
Ǳֻȥ˻ʹһҰᵽٹĴա 
ټӺݹŮӣϴδͬǰױˣ񣬴ŷ˿ƻԽۣϻ̷Ȧϵӽӳ⣬̴ϰȻҹݡ 
ֻҵʱвйЩĲ봧ɣܿڵú޺ۼ 
ʱѲ񵱳ȫȻҷִƺ󹬶꣬ξۣҲѹвƽ 
˹龰ʵ˭Ԥϵ 
ԭñٹȥݵϲֻǹޣҪͷһˣñʵڹⲻȥ 
̫ˡ 
ʢȻ˷ϲ¾ˬڡ 
˵ѻˣ⼸ƣľԣҶᰵˣıȵϹΪϴ󹬣Ҳᣬǻ϶Σ˭Ľ 
ǳЦݺû˵ֲûϲҲͲ˵ʲôˣǵõһʱʮŻʶ˵̫࣬ϱϾޣй˲ģ¶Թϣ񣬻ⷬ 
ҵӦˣȴԳ˵ҸոսضŨĻ֪ԴջϷŭһҲûб޹ֱǷó裬ʧ衣 
ҵʱôԴʶײϵҲһʱ˵ģûнңֻҲˣĻѰһֱҲûʲôô 



ʮһ 



뷨ֱգҲԼˡ 
Ϊյ˸׵һţǰĸдɵģ׵ױš 
иԴʿУʵڹеֽʵ佱һ˵ҹȻûйһֱΪƶ棬ԺҪġ 
Ҳ㽫żֱյǲԹ޵ģȻðôķֻΪȫң׼Ȳ֪ҲģҾ˻ݵĸλææرֳԼĴȸһ棬ֻҶĻ䡣 
νʩۣ 
棿ԼĶѺʸӣǡѺԱˣίźһźúãӳͷ죬档 
ϧܸҲ뽫źŵõλãʵϣҸλѲĻʵо뷨Ƕײ 
Ÿ»ŵôϵȥ 
뵽Σֽ㣬Ц 



չֽٿһ飬ʵ׵ķӦѲôˣעᵽĹڳñ֮¡ 
ԭ¾·Ʊ䣬ñѲڼʱ˽ڶ¸ʡԱһ˿룬Υ֮ʮԼѱŴ˰ǣһɴСԱھʱġ 
ֻҽЩʱ򽫾ȫԼϣ˳صĴ¡ 
˵ãʱʾʹƶҴ˴δ۷ֺֽ׶ѵְ֪ҵߵ͸ʲôľȨֻڻС 
˵ĻϱضæڲôδƵ飬µԲ˵󹬵ʱҲѵðɣôҵ䵭ҲΪˣŭʢ 
ҡͷջҿЩ˭֪Ǻ뷨 



ӣݼСӴͻ 
ŷźãųʣһݣһķÿͻΪζ 
ٹҰ󣬻δһ˵ţν²һλҲ⡣ 
߽ǸĶׯŮӣһһصţȻĿʤϴе׺졣 
˵ͣѡ˿ν 
ѲμҶݡ 
СӣΪɿ 
ŵ񻨰˱Բɲ˵Ů˸Сй 
ݼΪ񣬽Աף⣬ݲ 
Ůƿиǣȴһ⡣ 
̫ˣǵһٹģӭǲﱾθҵ 
뻪һҪ£ͲʮֹصĶοԺǺá˵οǶǻϵˡԺڹﻹҪӦСʲô 
п΢΢ղѿڶҪ˵ǡýáɣǰûĵʾ֮£ֻ̫ϰ˾һʱ˸Ŀڡ˵ЩŮһֱǱ˴˹ӦӵľȴǷȱúܣҹʮδйݣ϶ȱƺ϶Ρ 
Ҫ˵Ӧڹʱж̣ĵطܶ࣬ɶָءҶϲֻΪķʱ䶵ת⣬ֱ; 
ǫýѲ鳤꣬ġָ̡һڱҲβλֽž֮ŶԡЦ΢΢һ٣Ȼڹסӳ˾ͻὥᵽҪðʣֻûϿľ͹˵ġ 
ϷҪ΢ֲʵΣźûϣûֻҪϸˣšӵľ͸˰Ǹʣ˵úŤ 
ϿģȻǵĸǡϵĳ谮гõأҲ꣬Ҳһأ˺࣬λ˵ʱܱϼסοôҪģܲȥϣչҪԼ 
⻰ʲô˼ʲô飬Ҫŵ״ȥôЦӦţ⻰ʮ 
ʵȻǲصĵģ϶ĳ谮һֻ֪һʱижԣڹҪóãʵںܲףǻʹ俴ȲЩŮܳ谮ʵû˵ֹʺɣ̫๬ŮĸŷҲһֱмӣûٹģǴúõˡǰһλɣҲǵ˻һµĳҶѣͰԼ̫ߣΪܵʺһ㣬ԱĹ˼񣬶Լ˸ǲ֪ϧΪС£ԼŮˣ˷ű乬Ҳ֪ڱˡ 
һ˵꣬ת˼תҾ벻ˣѹֿЩ죬ҵһȥʹ̣ܽҲһλֻ֪ô࣬˻ʹ֮£վĸСһߡ 
ҶԭЩô 
ˣܹܲ˶ҵ 



̸һ󣬿ɣҽ빫˽ 
գڹ˵ģȥ󹬿ʲôشЩľۻᡣ 
̴ٹվǡǰеҹˣʱҲᵽϯ 
Ŷû뵽Ᾱɣϸ˵˵ô᣿ 
ӣҹ᱾Ǻ󹬴ÿ굥µĳʮƷǾͻһһţΪ飬άͣʹһˣֻҪүæʱ򶼻μӣϡ٣ҲⲻЩԴ׵ġ 
˽ĵ١ҹûо嶨Щ˿ɲμӣ˵ֻŮܳϯ 
⡭û˵¹أһ㻹ֻŮǰɣϾŮϯҪܼЩūҲûøźǰһݣʵڲ֪ 
״ɲ豭õһڣ㲻֪ûйϵҶ֪ǲòˡ 



ʮ 



ղõˣиһգѰйҹһĵصԼʱȵȣһꡣ 
֪ʱ̽ڴ㹬ͥʽ磬˳ʮʱʱ֣ҿʼװݣŮ붯֣ΪҴͷŴ 
ϣⷿŮеĴ½ϸһֵӣǺÿ 
ҲʧЦ˵ôʲôͷҪ˵ûҲȫŪ˵ 
ʵȻǺÿģΪܲѷһڹװŮҼ˼׼װ磬߹ߣɫ쳤£ֱּ̻ɫỨɴ£ϰɫǶĿ֦СӨ׶飬ϴ˫̽Ȧ½˿ЬͣŶʧɡ 
ҵķԸ̶Ҳ÷ֻý߱ɵַָҵķ˿߸̸Сٺڵвϸ֬ӣٽϲȦ࣬嶯ڵҫĿ 
ͷ¼ҿȷʮȡʲױƷֱʼкź 
ұ۾ǰŪȻһֱۣЦáˣǶЩźŮӵˣҲֲǣûϸҲеġ 
ô࣬ҪҰ޳ôùɵĽϹӨϸմ 
ôϸüǻɣһ㽫īȥĿ 
ú졭类ͭǿáΡݵĴָӡЩٽ緺һ֬ 
վתĸЩ֪Ůӣҷ˱飬֣ص˵ԺҪǵһ㣬ˣǱĹЩŮˡ 
˷׷׵ͷ 
Ȼܶûв𣬵ҲһЩ飬ԶһͬԴģҽҪȥ£ǴǣΪٹˣҪѭٹһףǰ˭ǵӣҹܲٹһҲǵӡһ٣ɨǣȻףˣ˵ĻǾ߰ɡ 
ţҷȥϦһĨδɢ뵽Լ֪ΣͻЩЦı׳ 
ܹϵʲôأ 



̫Ů£Լŵ̬㹬ķȥ 
ӱθĿ⣬ֻһ·Ǿ֪οӻϱ񸮣⾪λϢͨˣյļƻֻСӺսٹҲ֪࣬Ϊľܹһˡ 
һֱߵ㹬ǰҶԲ֪Ǻõǣֽգӿ죬ȴֱͦˡ 
ʤڴһٵʱҲѾü˲ԣҪŵģβûôΣգһᰲȻȹ 
ҿʼ֮ 
㲻Ѵ򷢣ֻ˵˼䣬¶ԥ֮ɫʱɵؿ첽˽ȥϾʱͨЩҲңֻ˽ʮΧҵߣô̡ 
߽㹬ͥڵʱ򣬶û죬еһˮ꨽ϷʮλװǳЦ磬ʤյһҹȺͼ 
кǳһºͱ顣 
ЩŮǷѾվϯĩʱͥҲȻֹһεĳĬ󲿷¶޵񣬽ŶתΪȻ֪ؿңȻ֪˭ͷȻλǺܸߵŮӷӦ̲ԻŴλվ𣬴ԼͻȻݵӣҪرܿ 
Ҫ棬ǰһй˵΢δ֪ᣬһʱæʹ٣ˡ 
һҪ뿪˷׷վס˲ӣϯǺһĬ΢̧ͷǰά֮ǰעңûа㿪ڵ˼ 
ڻ׵ĻʹΣվ򶨵˵Ҷݺ֮УﱾһȺŮЩҳĵطѣݳЩ黹δŻԺѧͺã̿֡ 
Ǻϵ̬ȣ΢΢һЦϲӣ㾶վһŮӵͺУȻ߹ӭǻۼʻ㷶ȵĿ⣬Ųͣڻʹǰ 
ʹԲӣҹڴΪ󹬺г֮ãҶΪƷݣҲǺһԱΥѵϯ˵ж¹أҵȻǱųģ 
⡭ 
ȻҶᰳ鹬ʱδãҹʮδйݣԼ֮Ҳ⣬Ҷ᰽֪˹뻹ǵʱ´Ҷᰶٷ 
ƺ񡭡 
ʹͲΪҶ̫ˣҶֻ棬˳ʶһ¸ˣҲͶңֻΪҶӸСλɡ 
ʹɲʱŵâΪָλã֮ϯ֮Ŀմ 
ôУʹƷߵӣʸڻϵףƾʲôҪףһŮѼԱе͸֮ 
ҿȥԭ˵֮ǸҼ˳ۣڻǰԵϲҳһЦԽ䱸ңź˵ϲ᱾ˣҪƷλĻҪͷܶΪŲλӣúõ͸ñŵʧˣҪιȥߵĿյػΪӸСҲˡ 
ǡԡ㡭ۿǰŭ޻˵ЦͰҲ˵ЩˡӦǵĩϯȥֻ 
һߵĻʹƷչøӲתϯ֮ʵϣҪΡ 
һ۶ͶĻʹɨӹͥˣϣУζ 
Һرܵӭϣ֮µѱָôʹ 
նҷйĻȷǳģôտң㲻ŭǡ 
ܶĵʲôʱʶ׼ӦԣĳɰҲֻȡ̬ȡ 
ұڶĵģɡ 
Σ΢΢壬ſڣƽͣˣҶ˵ɡ 
ҵĶȻ¶׹һڰһŷָղžŵһֱסϢ 
ԱūһСڻʹǰ϶Ͳٽľ롣 
λ£Ҫ˵϶ʺڣһӺݵĻʹҲɷɫλòš 
ССһطûʲôҪÿڹеĵλԣܸıҽӲⳡͷѿôʣҲֻ͡ 
Խգû˻ݿء 
״ȶϯؿȻϯʧԭȵ飬żƣҲֻǿջЦ 
ϸУƿҵ󣬵˵ϸղŷԸˣݽĵޡ 
תͷף˫ƣҵĿ⣬Ҷһۣ΢΢𴽽ǡ 
æͷȴ޷ֹϷ΢һȣֻƵͷһ֪ˡ 



ʮ 



һӿڽ֮Ļʵϯʤ϶ȥ 
µ˽ȲģǰңңҺۣϲΪɿͷŭڣֻӣҲΪģܶұԺɫЩӡ 
˴㹬ſѱŻƶΣƵĹҳ˽ӭҡδȥĹˣǽӵֱһ㣬Ҳֻó˵Ĺ̶룬סķĿ⡣ 
ݻɣԼҪ뷨ˡ 
˵ǵĿȫ⣬ˣڹڣɼǲ֮ˣһ룬Ҳ΢ 



û೤ʱ򣬽ӱԭѵĵβͬգұѭŹشԡܼ죬ȴûҪ·Ǵ˸ʱһ㱻Ҽ䡣 
ϣЩǵĻ϶һкιֻ뵽ϯϵһЦҲ޷ס֮С 
֪ΪʲôҿԸеղŵЦǹ߳ĶЦݣΪʮá 
ʵѵõĽ 
޼䣬һ۱㿴Ʒƣ˵ƷõֻбǶˣǱĿ飬Ϊʢĸ 
ˣȹɡ˹¡ 
ߵǰվסͻϾúˡ˽ؿŷѲعʱˣ֮ǳǳƣ˽ӽԷ 
ԶôࡣЦˣ޾ͶǾ񣬲˵ʱҲôһӣֻʱŻ˵ЩȻǳĬ 
ҵ΢һ£ЦЩĻԼЩƽʱͬ 
ϣǲǡˣ 
㿴ˣһδȵҲ𣿡̧׶ң峺Ȼ˿⡣ 
ͻȻԲ£һ䣬Ҳע⵽£ֻǳư£ͷҲɢڼϣһϽǡɶԱȡ 
ҶᰣʱǺ뷨ԹԹ޽տϳڴ㹬ʱȷʮָˣ޵Ļҵֱʱ޲˼ЩıˣҲҷģСü𣿡 
ֿе̬ȣһԾܾЧ֮ǰһʱҲòôҪϰƺһֻƱ롣 



Ǳģｻ䣬ģʫ飬ʳƣһһľΩйسú󹬵Ļ⣬󲿷ʱƣƬֻԼȴѵֵ֮ĺг 
תۺ׽֣ͻסıأ̧ʱ˵лܵģ㡣 
δ˵˼ȴ˵ĺܡ
ΪӣܶʱʾϻǷйܣЩֻԼ֪ѰҲ޿˵֮ˣδּļįΪһ£زȴҪ£ƻҲ֪ܸ뼸֪ 
ԳҾΪˣԹв˵˼ֶΣǿ˲֪Ҫġ 
ֻǴʱǿģǷ֪ӡ 
ϸ˾ͺáĻϵĸĸȨΪıҲա 
˻棿ͻȻ˾ңǰٲٸһЩˡ˵վһѰұ 
ҾӦ޵˷ŵҽкģū񲻳Ц 
ĶѸ٣հҷŵϣҵ´ȻѲǵһͬЩΣæ˵Լͺá 
һ˵ʵƯýõ˼١ 
һֱŹȻںȥҪȤĻϻΣֻŪ 
Ҳ֪õʲôַɱ㽫øɾɴʴ䣬Ҳ֮ 
ϸϸǰ£ӶСҲŹɦһ㣬ұպ˫ĿעδϨİ쵹ϣ塣 
ʱ΢Ѿѿڶһ۾Ϊʮѣ 
Ļô£һľòƽյٲӡ߳ڿʼʱоʱܻзӦģǰҲ쵹תӣ㹦Ҫ鶯Ƶġ 
ϱĥܣսץϱ۵ָȻһЦһӿ롣 
´ССʲײ졣 
֮ạ̊́ʱֻǻ΢ڣݱȫͷԭʰֱ˵Ҳһû 
ҡҷģϢģƵģڵģ޾ڻɴˮࡣ 
ָỬӳĻ谵Ӱֱץ˹ȥĦҧ 
ʹԵһĳ̸дָ˲ӵȫ 
ŹҵָӣѹֵصૣҶӣҶӡԭҶҲʹô 
УͻȻľ޴ǣңٺʧ 
˳⣬ﵽ˼ǺʱͣҲ֪عʱѱŲϡ 
ԣЪһ£˯ˣȥ˯΢Ƶɤһº͵УҾգǲô뿪 
ЩǰһӿŰص䣬Լˮӡ 
ϲǰǱʲôجͷ˼ 



ʮ 



룬ʵ޹޵ĹǲΥģָЩʱұ뿪׼뿪 
ԭµ¾ͷһԣôװ磬ʱҪȥίʵԥϵ˹ 
ˡ˵ţ˽Ըʱ·صڣݵǰ 
˿͸ˣֱôŻȥͺáҼϣᣬֻµʵ 
ס°£΢ͷָǰŪˣǰҪᣬѰһ㲻ǣ˭ܲ򶯣ĻõĿʱǺӣΪһԼҲʧǡ 
ǡҶ᰸ˡͷҵָˣܿſһȣϹ˿תߣŲƽʱҪҴЩ 
뿪޼ճͻȻѱõĽǰεŮӣȴҹģвӦ߽񣺡ūͻݻع 
ˣǰ̫ϰˣǻȻйŮźģֻһδλʱرŮɫʱһżģѲʱֻ˹УֱʱʽĵĹŮ˽Ӵ 
ϸһۣдµһڣüĿϽƹ㣬֮󹬴ҲѷֻǿҵȻȴв 
ҿߣڡ 
ʵԼ˼ĵζ 
ڻߵĴŮǣز¶֮ɣϲôԾţʽӵҲڣŮӿǵϣߣԲŻԡռĵôų⡣ 
Ȼ̾Ϣαڡ 
ʵǿǸ˶ҵֺô 
ضκеðݣڹؼʱ̶ҵļᶨػϸʱ¶ᡣ 
ҲֹˮֺģǷĿ⣬ֲʯĳбʱ 
޷Ͷ룬ȻĶȴǵ㵽ֹ 
ֻΪ˶ռһĶŮҲٳһˣҲʧȥһЩܳ͵λѣĩ· 
ǽԼĸҲУ׸һʱ̽䣬˶¿ɱ 
ˣվǲܰİɣ 
뵽ϲŭѲ⣬޳ºʵְԵֲ䡣 
İҼ֣˭ܹ֪ 



統Ԫһ㣬Դҹһ󣬶̶ʱ䣬ٹѱ˽ż̤ƽ˲١ 
˴λĳڡӦϰҪʱƵģԼԭǳǰ;Ѳ⣬һֱֻҹԴԾԼԭеϵû뵽ҹϴһȴ¶磬ǾеӴˣԸ϶һѣ뿴ܷ 
Щˣһûо֮⣬ҲûжǱκ̬ȣϾҪҿ⹬ôŮˣǲܵ飬ܹЩǺõģǵҲ˭Ϊɡ 
⼸λ߳ģѷһλǳʵˣһ򲻲ЩƣһλԷ˵ʹЩѪԵϵһʹͬͬˣ˼ȻЩʹǱ߳ϵûκζһҵҲͶ˰Ȼ 
ϲȻҼཻľ飬ǼͲסխһˣұ׼ӭܿݳĴٹϷ룬û뵽ȻʹǱ߻ҪûҰֵ鷳Ҹ졣 
ֻⲢδܳõıƽձմϢơ 
ӣūſϲӦһֱڰгﻮĳ顣дūǴϲŮ͸¶ĻдĦģԵ˴Լ䲻һ׼пԼ棬ӷЩҲδлСΪϡ 
ڻǡ̲𣿡֪ˣ㰲˶ජǱߣעЩ˺ϲнӴʲôɵҡ 
ūá 
ˡգѡʱЩ 
ǡ 
ȻѺǷģǶһ䣬Ҳ֪жε˿ãٶҶԣٹм˿Ҳ޷ȷҴ鹬һССӵûģҲܷģ̫һλǺһĵģ˵Щǻ࣬Ҳûʲôɱܼɵģ㲻ҵˣҲûʲôжԴֻЩͬٲҪһЩǼŮһҲȫΣԺа˼ԼǰתҲգʱж̣ÿ顣 
ѸһƯҪվȽŸĲ㡣 
ĹӦеĿӣūţûһܲκǣ 
 

 

    յİ¹Ȼҵģûգ˽һϢ 
˵ϲ˴ƺȡֱӵķҪݺңķݺвҹ֮档 
˵ϲЩͷԣϴʱѹ𲻵κá 
Ҫɲȡİ취Щҳлڼ䰲Щʲô⡱ǡһĻ 
뵽ܣ̷Ըյٹֵȫļҿ޼ҾƶǮشʣԽġ 
·ӣϣٹֵһ 
תõ⵱ֵʱҼ˸ڰеǰſˣֻССԱš 
һڣұ¡ 
ǸҺȻһȻȻɻ̹ȥ 
䵭⣬֪Լʲô 
⿴ЩңֻǴС˲֪뻪̡ 
ҳĬƬ̣亹ѽð˳˵ΪӪ˽ıԼӣҹǣ˵ҪĴأ 
⻰꣬һۺҲ˵ֻſſͷһعһ£ڵڿն졣 
ԭ 
ʲôû˵Ҫ 
һ߿ͷһ߲˵СС˵ݳʹ 
Ҵվ߽ס첲ͣ¶㵱ں˵ôĸزΣǮҽΣñ檣ܾ裬ؼȴҲǣѪ۵Ķͷʪ̾Ϣ֣ڵϣ㵱ôͨɵô 
ݡ 
Ҫİ㣬ֻʱˣֱȥڴǰǣֺαؽ˽ء 
ǣлݲ֮ûѱ 
ǡڿ԰ϲľƻһһʮô 
ǡ 
Ҽ¶ɫַվģ֪һжϲƵģ޹أ˵ȻѲָʹˣѱҵԸңֻҳ˽ˣҲźиô 
˵ǣСھͽһκϲһʼ˺ҽ˵֪ҼＱҪǮҺܿӣֻΣմЩҸҲС˵ʱϣֻ˵£Լϲ֪ȻǡȻҪСȥһĺݼơ 
ֻ˵ʲôı 
ҪСˡڻٳǰϦõ֮ʱ졭ģ˽֮ͨʵ 
⽲󼸺ûһָϣǿסȻŭ⡣ϲϲúݵŮˣû뵽㱰ֶΣǲزϰˡ 
ңǺεص֣乬÷ţ壬ϲίʵûиҰ· 
⣬³棬ʱץľֻбһˣѱϲǱɳûڡ 
ЦһСȻϲ˵׵ĲκãҾóǸӣһ㹻˻һӵǮ뵽ʱҼȸձܵȥƲ˹ϵ͵һ˰ˣҲֵá 
㵹ǰļˡҵͷҲȻˣʮĽӣ취ûȥĸβԺҪһȥңҲصģа취 
ۿҴһһϺŵϣһ߲һֹµ̫ˣ׷С˵СˣС˾ţҲĶ¡ 
һƬ֮ģʵûʲôҲҪţֻӦһ£ϲǱһҲҪᣬӦͺãΪ¡ 
˼ǡС֪ˣ֮£С˾͵ûз𣡡 
öĶϺ뿪˵ڣСȥ 
ıӰԶ뵽ղŸжµ˵ǴˣԳһЦ 
Щ˵Ǿ֮ɶҶԣǻϵʹҲ粻ֹĿֻԼõĶȡҪĶ磬ҳϡ 
ʩǽǮףڹػ֮µʩ齻ףңʲôĺˡ 
⣬αذҿߡ 



ӣūкηԸ䣬Ѹ˹ 
ЩҲֻҰ쵽ˡ 
ūŲҵӾ˵ 
գҳϲϿΪѱ 
⡭ūŶᾡΪֻǴ²ףҪĵȺЩʱա 
㽫йصѼҲɣ꾡 
ǣūȥ졣 
ǲգһվڲʻ£ԶķܶӳϦ·ׯϻ˭뵽⵱̲˶ɱ 
ʹûĸ˻ǲģֻҪңҵõȻҲҡ 



ϲĳԼ빬´֣һһҵ 
٣ﳽѪͳҲԱƽոЩ»ʵǻٹѡ˵Խ빬С˵ܹλǡʱӦƣΪֻӣһͬʣѪͳҲ޼Ůӷ֦ͷĻᡣ 
ҲˣŸӼ鹬ÿһвλˣһձȡ޷ʹȻпˡ 
ҸգĽǮöϲ鿼Լջ 
ȻзŪͷ棬ҪԼǮ񸮼ϲʤǿĸԣ²ѷˣһĶ࣬ܵʹʵޣ˵ҪĴӴӺζֵ˼ˡ 
Ȼδãϲű¶˳ԭǿ˽Ǯ֧š 
ãȵһգ絽ϲȥӡ 
ӭӵСŮʱü֪˵ʲô㼱ظȥ޵ͨҲ˷ϡ 
ҲǼƽϣֻڵпԼСʱϲʩʩȻ֣һŹŮ̫ࡣ 
ɨһۣϵĴ̽ĵȹԼͷϵ̷ϸǷ˲˼ 
ּûΪкҵ˼ǰȥ 
ҶðȻˣҪϲԴټʢװӭʵڲʤǸ⡣ǾױݣͲ֪ڷں˶೤ʱ䣬ʤ֮Ҳδ̫ 
ϲһͬҰӵҶݲؿͲ֪²ΪİԵɣ 
ֻǴʵڲ̫ôūǰ𣬲֪ɷ㡭 
˳ҵĿ⿴ˣ䲻Ըڻһ֣뿪˵ڣһŮһ̫ࡣ 
ڣʲôͲ뽲ɡ 
ҳ΢һЦֺαļҶ᰿裬ƷʵھȤýֽһЩء?
ϲȻҵ⣬ֻŴݾ˵ 
ģҶ˵͹һԼһ߰ߵ֬ɽӣǼõģһ£˭֪ȴû֪ǲڱˣɷҶᰱ۸ 
ϲԾɷɫɴ۾ңһӲǿڵݵ£ֶֻҲһóڵģ˭һʱʵҵ뻪ݼ 
ŶźҲûϵһ˵ȥʱ̫һŲ¯֪ҵõô 
㡭ôᡭʱϲѲֹɫ䣬ȷŭɫָ˵ 
ĪˣȻĻҪүЩѶҳֱЦӯӯ׷ʡ 
˵Щʲô 
Ǻã˲˵Ͷ䣬ܲ㹬Ĵ㳤ѵҲô⾭ֵҲˣڲõĵ¾һֻǱ֪һûˣ߻Ƶūϣʮȫʧ٣ҪϽͣҵ㵽ֵǸŮŵ̹ 
ϲҷָŮָϵһ¶־飬ϲסƣã˵ñ 
ҷ֣ǣԳЦţα˽ţҲֻЩѡʵЩ飬ϲҲǹһˣղǣִҲδжٺô 
롭Ǵҵĸ 
ĸȴǱĸ 
Ҷݣֻѻ˵׾ǣϣͲҪˣ 
Ļѹˣ뽫أΪ֮˲ͬЩΪĹƣԺ󰲰ݷݵشȻܶҲֹЩ 
ʴȣϲȴһ㣬Ȼ˺һȻ֮ɫ˵˲ͬһ˲֮ͬ䣬ʲôͬȡӦõģʲôһഺһòƾʲôֻܵõôĳ谮 
ʲôͬüڱϣĲûʲô 
ϲ㣬ŮˣǹüλһλǻݡΨһĻݡ 
ٿϲưĲݣɨūţȻǰ춼Щ£Ҫκй¶Լú缦װͷ 
ΨһøΨһ 
׿ϲϵʧૣҾ߳⣬ôԶЩˣղʵôݣһϲ֪ôʹʲôСΪô 
ҴһˣǱˣԲ֣ҲλϣԺ󷴶á 
뵽ϲѲĻʹǲɲ֪ϲǯƣкַӦ 



ʮ 



֮мλʹ棬ŭ÷ıֿ֪ض˽ϲ㣬һֱϹۣΪѷֺͿɿ˽ҳϧû뵽龹δϵطչ˿ϲһϦ֮ı̬ȣŻƽ 
һٽϲвѹ˻ʹܲ˵ʵϲһʱ䣬Ȼڶ֮ҹλ۹⣬˻Ǳ֪˴ţδĳĬҷġ 
һƺ⣬Ҿ֪ԭݵ־ӭǰ𺳵جġ 
ĩһգѾޣٹþͽǻϵٳڷѾ˼׼Ҳ⣬һ罫Ĺӷ˸飬ǲκ֮ۼʱǲ࣬ʵЩա 
ҷ֮ʱͻȻײ˿Ҳõؿ򼸺˷ڵСӣѾãΪͻȻûйء 
Ļȴʧȥ˷Ӧ 
ӣϯ̩ûˡ 
еıڵϣҳСϷҳǵɺͼǺУ޺ġ١֣ͻȻľʹ 
ȥץסСӵ죬ղ˵˭˭ûˣʲôʱ򣿵ô£ 
Сӱյֱȿȵǿū˵˵鹬ϯ̩类˷ѾѾûˣ 
ʶصͽһҷſת˳ȥ 
ܶʱЩ˵ݣǽȦĹӰֻƾһͷ鹬ķš 
ҲţҲţһҲţҪȥԼ۾ȷϣȷǸõԻţ 
ǣҺһģҵߣۿ紵ʹʱķһ 
һ·ܵ鹬ǰͻȻͣס˽ŲܵľҲɵÿ־塣 
սսڣȴˣҼȥͨϯ̩Ӧסķ·ߡ 
ڻδתʱȻһۿվ 
ܾúܾδˣʱɻ˼֮ǰֻ֣Լ԰׵ʳʵĻϯ̩ 
ңſڣȴδֱٴοڲ˵Ѿͣڶˡ 
з춯ص졣 
ôᡭôᡭţߵɷĿɫ̵ǰһãȻ 
ƽڵ̨ϵģ֪ʲô 
ﱻǵðһƬĿҲģôܻϯ̩ 
ҹ۵İײأء 
ҪҶᰣҪһֻǰ׽סҵ֡ 
һͷΪʲôҪֹң 
սҵ֣Ǵ¥ϵģͷ˵أӡܲãϣ㿴ġ 
ٴοĨײģ״޷ϯ̩ӣڱۣ 
ΪʲôΪʲô 
δϲд󱯡 
ΪƫҪ޳ˡ 
ܳܡ 
ҶᰣҪ̫ˣѲܸҲֻܽڰ˳䡣 
ٴͽ˸УҪҳȥ 
תͷ̨֮ϣȻ޷Ǿϯ̩İʵС 
յһͿκ谭 
߳⣬ĮȻҡ 
ġѲ·Ԫ࣬ڵ·˵ʱѾϯ̩Ȼ֪ͨҺ򺱣ҽͬȵȹ鿴ӦӶ̨˳Ȼͷ׹أ۶˾ǣʱ޷ˡΪȥԪû֪ҹ鹬Ҳ˳쳣Ҫپϸ顣 
ԪԭǴҵľɴ顣 
ֻΪҪҹԵȥԣԼǵĹ;Ǳԭ򣿸ֿܣϣС 
ɾһΣջϯ̩һ 
ҲҲˬʵĴЦˡ 
ϯ̩ʱ˵ǰ棬˵ֻһȦιһʹڣס꣬Ȼٻؼȥ 
˷ǡ 
ôҪ뿪ȴҲȲôһˡ 
ѪˣֻʹУΪ 



ݾϣ̵ֳˡ 
һ̧ͷͿϯ˹ 
ͬǰһ㣬ûиıֺòֻǴʱ㲣۽Ǹ졣 
ֹ̬Ȼ糣򶨣ǰҺԴкȥϯ̩Ȼһߣȴֻǿš 
Ҹ˽һۼ鼸α仯Գİ㱯ʹΪҪʧأû 
Լнʱվҿ˿ڡ 
˵СᰣС̩ӻؼȥԺԶڼһ֪һԸ 
ȴʮּᶨţʪۿй¶ɥ֮ʹһ 
ңĻ̲ס˹ȥסٴδ 
㲻ҪҪֵô򶨡 
ԲҵĴ 
ս¾Ҫ㱣ϯ̩ȫԿɵȵݣ뿪鹬ֻ˼Լϯ̩ɾʮδһΣʱȴ 
ٶѵ˼ٶǹһЩûһҲվͲˣ 
Ǵʱڹк塣 
ҵ޷ֹͣ 
ҶԲסϯ̩ҲԲסҵΡԲûչ˺Բ𡭡 
ҸеԼҼϽ⣬ϯıҲң֧ţҲп 
ûйϵûйϵСûдһжֻǡֻǴû뵽ճʣţѹ 
֮⣬һʹ޵ˣһĬˡ 



Ȱ 
ѣΪ̫ĵĻϯ̩Ҳ᲻ĵġ 
ϯȻָ侲˵ǣС̩ƽôʣ˿ޣҸСᰶǡ 
˵İºײƽ͵ϵطϴἣݡ 
ٻصѿʼһƺ鹬ܶʱﲻæֻһԿǻЩǰǱ߷׷ѯ飬Щûʲôʵ壬ԽԽпյ 
ԭˣ˵һʲ 
ϯ̩̫˵ϯ̩˵Ҫȥߣȥȴãֻ˵ҪźҲϢˣҪȥϯ̩ϴʱŷһҹδ飬֪ʱǷϢ 
ܵһֱæϯ빬ҹڹ黹ҵ󣬱㲻ò뿪ˡ 
һҹδ˯ã۰ǰϯ̩ľ£飬ʤˡ 
ڶȴϢ˵û׼ռҵҪϯ̩ͣڹڣȻޡ 
ʱеʱҲ˲ãֱӵĵҪ 
ʼʱƽͣһ˵ɣͼ˵ϣɻȴ̬ǿӲֲϸġ 
ѿأҾǸ 
˵ǳ֣ҲδμңֻôǣαҲһ䵭Դ 
Ҳ֪ԼҺŶײѿðһظĻֻòĿ޷ݡ 
ǰҴûǰ˸öһλʵʹõ̬ȣֻΪһ֮ 
ǰʵҲãԼϯ̩ĸжأĽΪźðűΣϷ 
һ֮ͬ佨ĺϵͱԼִˡ 
һǼţֻǾΪʲô֣Ҳ֪ˡ 
ҲֻһͷǸƽʧȥ꣬꣬Ȼǰ޷뿪ҪصԼȥĵطᵽռҵϡ 
ϱŪüΪãҧгңôΪʲôֲռҵˣ 
˵ҵѣǿֵܵˡ 
ˣǺˣ޳ˣٷ޴ģҶᰣġЦֱͷҪֵ޴ӦΪֹ 
Ŀ⿴ţҲͷֻǡ󡣡 
ǣʽҪٶЩãҲͲðˡˣ׼ˣ°ɡҹߵлʶʱ˵Ҷᰣǵãˡ 
ʵĻǶ̫Ŀˣȴûаظĸо 
һֱ߳ţתͷŻ֮ϣ֪ʼûٿһۡ 
ʮ 



ϯ֪˻϶׼Ϣ󣬶Ҹмֻ֣˵Ӧ֮£ûий̷ֺ 
Ȼѿ鷵ңּϯ̩ϾΪ̣ҷѰţҪڹͣ죬ſɼߡⱾǻʼҵļ䣬ռȻ޲ӡ 
İʱҶԼĹﵽ鹬Ϊϯ̩飬ҲнӴǱʹ˼Ҳ˵顣 
϶ɣĺ̬ȣҶĽܣǻҵԺ 
ֱѯģȴһֱûУؼĿܣԼۼһ£еĻɣӺࡣ 
˼ضȻ֮΢仯ɣĸԣֻҲԳ 



պܿȥѵʱһϵ鹬׼ϯ̩һ̡ 
Ϊ鹬λ򺱾ׯգҵʱɮڽ̴ʼУֻһվڵȺ 
һ۱㿴ңɫƵԡ 
ҶᰣɫǺܺá 
ҿĿһӣ⼸𣿡 
ֻЩʺͺ°ŶѣûʲôҡҡͷЩɵ˵ǱѾ˶жϯ̩ҹȻʧ׹¥޸ɣ㡭ô 
ŵ̻ɢ˵Ȼ˵ôҲͻŰɡ֪ϯ̩ΪĻһľȫģûĻҾԸһֻǳ⣬ϣǸɸɾ뿪ģǱڰĪĺĻ 
룬ǾͺãֻţǼ⡣ 
̫ôĺôǸȥͬάĹƽʵҲ֪ 
֮䣬ϵҲ֪ 



ϯʱ֮ǰ˹ռҵĳϯ٣һͬɮļǣȻ׼͹ľ 
ϯһԿ̧˹̶ʱϯٴγҵл 
СᰣҪæŸͲᱻˡ 
Ѿл̫ˣʵҲһΪϯ̩£ĸô 
ǻ侲ɡһ죬ǽȰﻹҺʹӣʱҲֻ˵οˣȻһ 
ʱϯپҪˣǵáౣ壬ۿԼ 
ءڹÿɻϰߣ 
ҵͷסҵơ 
˵ģϰ߰ˣӳˣʲôϰߡ 
̧ͷңصۣǰȻһʹ֪ҵĻЩ⣬ΣҲֻΪ˿ʱ¶ı顣 
űۼ縧ҵӣץס֣ҡͷ΢ЦΪҸˡûô⣬һжܺá 
СᰣСᰡ˵Խǿ㣬ԽԽеΡҵĵܵѾʹﲻˣҲҪκ£ȴﲻʲôæҲܱ㡭ұΪܿȥС̩ȥǻǰһһȥεɽԣԭоô仯޷뵽ģȻҲôһˡ 
⣬̲סǰ벽ס 
̩ЩӵģҲǡǶ˵ʪŶԷ½ 
ѾһˣһжˣҲˣףǱطƵòò䡣㲻֪жҲһʹ뿪Ҳû 
ҵˮ⣬޷ֹͣҲ뿪ǻʹѾҵҲһ죬Ҳϯ̩ԼɣĻᣬ㲻ǹµˣԣҪ˵ˣҪٹҲе룬ҾͲвʣͿ԰ȻXش 

ʹϯЩΣֱϯѼ飬Ҳ֪һȥټ֪ڡ 
һϣǣһصٹһվӭ˹ 
ӣһʱǰĵ˹ӹȥʹüˡ 
ĵϣ 
δκٻҲ֪ģΪͻȻ̬ȣҴʱʱδȴЩʲô 
Ҵһطϵĵǰ̫һ˽ȥȻǰ䡣 
ȻǰǸڰǰӰǸһֹĲ 
Ҷᰲμϡ 
֪ҵĳ֣ȴֱ밲̧ͷ 
æˣ 
һϲŭ˲״𻰣ټ٣ˡ 
ȻģֻٹģҲڷ±ʣӰ˹ȸ鹬Ǳߣһж׵ˣ 
ػϣ֮һ˳ռҵѳȥˡ 
Ѿȥ˰ǿϧҶЩʱ 
еİ壬׼ռҵΪֶҶǸм֣κ֮䶼֮飬ʵκβ岻 
ͻȻȽһûв岻ʵαؽ͵ôУҶᰣ֪ģ⹬ųɰǧ˫۾ڿţֹƫ͵žСӣȻĿ֮£˿ʵȷϯû˽ģ 
ǰҺϯӣҸеһƣĮȻԭΪ׷ϡҲ˵ˣĿ֮¡ͬϯһڹڣһڹ⣬׮֮£겻һ棬Ҳޱ֮һʱ˹أҲʹȻѵΪЩС֮ԣ 
޹벻ţ˵벻˵ԼȻʱȫҲֻʵ飬ûʵѵ˼ˣЩ飬ûҲܱ˵Уο㾹ôظϻҲɲòɣôһĳˣͱ˺Ϳ˵飿 
Ƿνġ֮λ޴ǡ 
΢ʾ¡ 
롭ԺǴأʲôˡѵõسһ¡ 
̵ϥ£лϺҶ᰸м㣬Իǧ֮˷æܶԺô΢΢ˣΪСصشٳֱǡֱǡӿǵĻڶŲʵĿ⣬ȻŽţһͷͻȻײҵУԸӣ˵ȥ 
˼Ȼ䣬ǰͻȻ̧һŭڵǴɫֻʶͷȥս۾׼ŭ 
ãΪİȴʼû 
תͷѱȥֻҵ߬ģȫɢԵֵĺ⡣ 
վͻȻԹɢΩʹѵ 
Ϊס 
ϣ㡭ңǰɣ 
ԭѹŲŭͻȻ彩һȻ󻺻أתͷҡ 
Ҳһؿ 
ĬһͶϵĹңһ졣 
ҵڵȴмֹͣ 
ڽ𲨶㣬ڣˣ 
ǰ 
Ϊʲôһˡ 
ҵĺҲ·ʲôϣ㡭ĥ˲ţԲֳĶʼɷŭȴܿġΪڼʣԷŭҡ 
ҵô⣬ѵֲϳͷңʧӦе侲Ѳˣײǡ 
ͻȻҲ̫ 
ԭ֪ҲֱӿסĲӣȥӽκ˲Ŷԡһ㲻ЦݵЦ 
ҲסΪʲôң 
Ϊʲô֪ĻҪ֪һʼע⵽ʱֻȤѡֻ뿴ڲԼĿȴԲǼ˵СС̵ڴЩʲô⡭ǣȻƫƫƫƫҷ꣬ǾľżҲͲһˡҲᰮˡ 
ҲǸõľżҵֿ㣬㣬ŭ㡣 
ԼƶԴĵײˣ֪ĶҲڲ̽ĵޡ 
һУˮĸо 
˳ľż⹬кܶ࣬˳ľżҲ٣Ҷȴֻһ 
˵Խƽƽ˵ûиĻѻҵ־˿˿ʹ 
סۣ棬ȻңȻҪռң͸ðڿ˵ĵطͷΥңңշңڲסеĸ飬ԴԴңΪʲôҪİ̯ǰ֪׵ʱʧȥơһĸ顭 
֪ԼΪ˭£ΪˣֻҪԸ⣬԰İصò©ֺԶҲ֪ͿԼȨԶסңԣȴûС 
һֱûпҸȥ壬̧ͷʵûûпֻҲȥšһôأײ֣ǰôϲŭ仯עҾסѶǶôر𡭡 
Ц֮ϰþ˼Ҫ̹Ȼ˵ǲסҲں벻ţԳж飬ȻˣͲΥԼԸȻ֪۳軻Σô㣬˾ô㡣ȻҲҵ˽ģҲܲƻرҪҲĸңȻƺЩѡҲſġ 
ҵģҵѾãˡ 
ҵõģõģȴΪ 
ҶᰣһֱֻԹ㣬ʵҲһֱĥ 
һҪĥȥ 
ţסĲϴסġ 
ϸϸܣɬɬ 
Ҳʼշתҡ 
ҪҵģҸʲô 
˭˭ 
֮ǵĹϵʲôӣ˭Ҳ֪ 
䣬˭˵ţԲ𡭡 
ƺš 
һУô򵥡 
仰Ǳ˴˵ĶУԤԡ 
ʮ 



ÿ˵жҪֹͣʱ̣ͼסĳЩ飬ۻʱ֮©ӲֹЪеĲƻҹ 
鹬Ұ׵ĲĻ·ǰϵٵѾˡ 
һٶȱȱ𴦸ĵطΪÿʱÿ̶ش鷢 
ʹϲŨ񣬰ɮ빬оصĹƷˮͽţЩȻ޹أʱֵǷĵıֻ׸ϵĺʱװˡ 
Ŀѡ֮Ѳڣֻ¼һҹʨӣдһƪûʶշĺȨ侰 
ڵ֮ҵˣʵʲôûģʹͷԼҲ޷עĿЦȴ̫Ա̫Ѻ 
ҪЩʲôҲһЩ 



Ϊ겢գֻʮ죬¶ʮգϵյ峿ӹٹ죬ܰճأȻ󷵻عУ̫밲̫ͬһЯȫüݣһֱҪ俪ʼʱ 
ӵ簴д͸ʹģԻ磬ϯʼ֮ǰɹԱʹߣν񣬴պ͵̫ȻɻϾûչر 
ÿ߳һμӸϯҲæýŲմأǱոӿУƽջеСζڴʱȡ 
ˣҥҲɢԽ١ 
ʮմոսʱҵĹҲϢ֮صֲǱˣȻ 
˵ǧ챦ĸУ̫ʱԵһϲƷʯȴֳġվ͡پ̫֪󣬲ûй˼ݣܿͣд˵ڻǰ̫ҲΪԡ 
ǱѰ˵ʹΪ˽չ˽̸ۼ 
׮ϢʱղңӶڰ۲ķչǷΪƹʱƺĽɫҼ죬ͬΪӣΪǿ 
ˣֻЦЦЦҲǿ 
벻֣Ϊɡ 
Ҷĸоѻ粻壬лмΣмֲ¼ɣҸ㲻 
ϵĻǲȫŵģһ»̫ɺϣ˾ġ 
һأǴɣǾļƻֺãҵĹ۲죬ԻϲûʲôУĵĮԸΪصֳ𾭣ľޣǴʲôʱ㿪ʼ׼ģ 
һʫŪ¹ۻѾٻزȥ˰ɣ 
ҲòˣأǸģ˰أ 
һһҲʣ֮粻Ҳ̸ֱĹϵ 
ģ֪չҡ 
գδǰߺݵѲٹͥʱ䣬ֻüҴҳ 
ŭصΪԣֻӻ󲽽˵ڡ 
֮ڣǲҹˣȴ֪ѵü棬յĲΪİ㡣 
ڷ˼ͻȻתңҶᰣҪ㣬޻ãȻЩֶΣҲҪʱ˳⡣ 
ʱһ֪ϴ˻ 
һĸǱޡ顯޽ҲΪݣ˵ʲôҲѾ⿪ٶһҲʲôʵڱ£ӵҲܹȴֵĸ˻ģΪڡ 
ΪݣĻ繬²²һ㣿̫Թһ䲻ȴҲϲұƷʱδõԣ˵ 
ֻ̫ƫһΣʶأΪ 
һΣϱظű߿ңҶᰣѾֵزΪʲôϳϣҲ޵ĸǸµĺûԸһа취Ȱ̫ģʵûоܾ˴Ӧýɣ 
Դ𣬶ԣ˵Ķûһ۹⽫Լĳӿú͸ȴתˡ 
ǣǸµĻҪһڶĵˣʵ޷ѡݡͬ 
ҿǡ㿴Լ 
޽ȸһѳɶ֣ڣ޻̫Ǳһʱ䣬ڼ䣬ҪȹסԼĵλǧܴ⣬кܶ࿴ĵطֻܿԼ 
лѡĻҲɵ÷¸ղŵ˼΢ЦͷڵѾ֪ЩĻʵҵĹģΪϵַֻʽǰҲô˼ 
ŻɫңЩɵҵգָշתߣ޺Ѿܶûúÿˡ 
Ҽ֮ǲƤһԵ¶ȡ 
Ҷһаãعġ 
ǰ޵Ը֪ʲôʱŻ뿪޾޷أĸ飬Ϊʲôôϧ 
Բ 
ΪϧԲűɡ 
ޱţһ𿴿µľصû뵽תۼ䣬¾Ѿˡ 
¹𻨣Ʈ㣬ֻ˼硣ȵ𻨻ٿһ͡ 
ꡭͻȻ˫ְҵļͷ֣˵Ҷᰣǵã㲻κˣܱκ׽סʹţ㣬һҪԼ֤֪վöߣʤ˵ľ򣬼סˡʼĵģѾѡˣȴ 
Ļƺĳְʾ 
һǵãǡɡ 
øӾᣬɡ޻㣬ٹЩͻ֪һɣް㡣 
һȫ 
ҴĿ 
ʮ 



µҹϣƽѵһĻ̫¶棬Ǿ֮׽Ż̫ⷬΪ⣬ֻ֪йء 
Ȼϯδã̫һƬĬΧп˿ڣ㽫˺֮ȥ 
˵ƽϹŶپ侴ϣıʾĵˣʹС£Ҳܿеġ鹬ڻٳʱ͵ĶЩŶ鱦ī͵ȴֳдΪķ𾭣СĸأҲ˼Ҳĵϡ 
׵ĵͽŮȻвģЩçײ̱ӻֲʲô£Ҳ᳭ο֪ǲĶʣ̫ϻġ 
ҵλ̫Ͻ仯ֻһţȻ¶Цݣǻϵĸ˼ 
Ƕǹټҳ֪ʶ֣Ȼ᳭ҸղҲ˵ˣĲҪģ鲢ѣǰ㣬֪پ͡վȫʲô 
ʵʱԡ 
ǡ˵ׯ徻ƽȾ͡հ۾ڰټʱ̾ʹ˳ 
˿ǣؼ˵Ұ֮ʱļʶѧʵҳʷҲʮֶļ⣬ѵΪǫ񣬱֮ӵܵƷмֱ֮ǹ˶ôƽ˳ǰҾҪֳˡͻȻͣһ£ףˣԺһݣʲô 
̫ͥѸһʻֱָʹλߣ̬׿ϣôµȻ⡣̫пżɽʵЩֲȴʮϬ 
⡭ܵһƷò˹̻ϵĻǻ֮֮ңֻǡ軪ݲҶݽδãתۼһˣ¹»˷ԡ 
Ŷǲ֪Ҷôģ 
һתҵϣʹһֹȻƵøɸɾֻΪҶϧȴԸˡ뵽ϱ̬ȣ̴Ҷ˽ʮϾ΢ŮദŮбƽһ飬Ȼʤϲ 
˵ɫʱøѿֻл̫Цÿ 
Ҳ˵鹬ʱ͹ϵǾ͸ˣԺ˵ǾиʱദˣڸҪӦЩ 
΢һǵá 
̫ϯ֮ˣûһ֡ 



һϲɢ󣬹Ｘе˶֪̫ܵıӻΪǰ϶£ȻԹԣûбʾκҲֻֻ˽ﲻ 
õõһɣ˳µ棬ֻôǺǻҲ޷Ԥϡ 
էٹʱҲɵðģ֮ϴμʱԵˣ㲣ֻһе侲ϢҲڣŰǡ 
ȻΪ뷨һʹ 
㵽׷ʲô飿 
ңȴЦ˳Ǽοûʲô㲻Ҫġ 
ôûʲô㾹㲳̫ﻹ˵ãȥ԰׵ɫǺõӡ 
̫˵ңΪʲô˵ң 
ԥһ£ǽ˳ΪǹΪݵ¡ 
һᵽؼ⣬ҶĬ 
Ƭ̣޷Σץסֱ֪ҵʮ΢ʵ̫ʣҲٱ˵Ļң¼ȥ֮껹ѣ࣬ҪҲңұ֤Ժʧȥ˽ĻᣬҲҲԺǾûп̹ȻԵĻˡ 
ɫӲ԰ףȴܼᶨػ˵ʰɣңƭ㡣 
侲һ£ݵΪ𣿡 
˵ͷǡ 
ΪʲôʶǰӦûйͷ 
ΪΪ룬뿪鹬Ҳػȥ 
㶼ﲻҡǲʲôı뷨 
ϵҡͷԲ𣬶ԲҶᰣѾӦ㲻ƭ㣬Ҳ˵ 
˵Ϊʲô˵ںģʲô 
ұ˺ѵٴοڣΪ֮ǰϺĶԻ 
̧ͷңƤ׵籡ֽ촽Ҳ΢΢˵κλ 
֪ҽҪʵĻܻܿʹǸʹ࣬Ҳòʡ 
ܳòҶ¶£ǲǡ֪ 
ľҭ˼Σ˵˳ǡ 
ңܳ¡ 
ǡ 
뵽ĴĿ˵㻮¼˿ڣұۣˮʶ 
һأĺᱻ̫Уɺϣǡ 
ɺϡ̫һŷÿж𾭷֪к񶼻̫ͼԿӭϲ˷𾭡ټңҲһֱ˳شȤĶŵõĴ࣬ſΪ˵ 
ˣˣԸ㽲òҪôҪô 
ôǵʶء㣬ңǵʶûơץסļָڡ 
ˮ֪ʱѱ鲼˫գҳ㡭ͿԼڡ֪㶨ǵ֮ˡҪԡԡ˵ȥ 
ŵ֣ 
ҵģҲ֮ס 
ֿ֪ҳ㣬Ϊˡ 
ʹһóȻȥݼ㣬ʱȷκ 
ԭټ٣ѷֲ 
Ҿִ׷һν𰸡 
ʲôҪҡ 
ңǰ񣬴ʱֻһ̶ˮš 
ңֻһ⡭ǣѾҪ֪ˡ 
˵仰վһĻ㣬ؾ߳˴ 
ңû̧ͷһ˹£ʹ޳ 
Ӵң٣ճİ·ô 
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·ڴ˺ߣȻȴ޷а˯⡣ 
ӵһ̤鹬ϵ龰һֱĬȻȥһһ棬Ժҽ֮֯ȥ 
ʹĸоûҲ׼ɣʧȴô󣬺ؿͻȻʧȥһѪ⣬նãȻ 
ô̵ʧ䣬Ϊʲôûܸ翴һС 
˵˵Ҷ̫äĿңԼ͸ 
һʼཻҾͶɵΣܳ¶ǼʱҸûȥ 
ңƽʱҡ 
ʵ㲻ʲôֻڹκ˶ܻ£Ҳˣ˻ﵽԼĿģҺûʲô 
ֻһĽ̫߽ѡ 
ҵĵףϣͱ˲ͬϣһȾ 
Լ޷ֵĶȴʶϣܹ˼֣ܹ֤ǵĺܻʲôǴġ 
ԣ޷Ļ޷ıơ 
һֻҵִܸıκʵ 
֪ҵ鲢٣ôı֣αװҲαװҲ޷ܰϵ΢һ㣬ҶЩҲ޷ݡ 
Ҳֻҵˡ 



ûټһԼ£ҪȹԼĵλǰҪģѹκˣǽε 
ҿʼ̭ѡµĹŮ̫࣬Ϊɵıǲ˻ˣĵɹܶ⣬ٹūڱҸ˴룬˸ﰲߡ 
Щ£ҲʼԼϵ񸮣ŷ̫ҽԺ빬͢ϢϢصĻŹȻʱڲֲɿĸſѰ 
ҵĶȻ޷ĿڶĻʹﲻɫһɵԷȴʹ˲ֽţһЩ鷳֮ѽǰҪˣ˵ҪҲûעͶעҵϡ 
Щ̨µΪһֱĬ̬ȣִǰһŲԽ룬˵ҪƾԼ֮ʱҵĲûм٣ʹõֶθٹʱᱻŲȣһ࣬ɫζǼõģ֪ЩƷϲĲ˹⽥٣ϺĶñΧů¯ӦʱһʱʥּҲûУֻһ͹ĶȴЩʹĽ鱦Ҹе⡣ 
ʹƷͬʱż˳һС㣬ױдģֻм֣ĻȵŮŻĻ֮£һξмֳտӣȻȱ˵֮أҲʼЩڴĶ̼㣬ΪʧȥͷѾ˼Կ֮⣬ܹõѵõο塣 



ʮһµѮѩѽӣڱʽΪݣס͹ 
˵ڻеķ֮⣬̫˻ƽ͹Զ࿴ 
Ȼ̵ǣ⵱λݲûܵϷƣ޵ķΡ 
ǻ̫Ǳ߶ԻϵľɫƽʱºͣǴЩ 
Ϊؼʱܹõ֧ʹаϲûвҺøӸӡ 
¹󣬻ϲû뿪ֻҽ´ãȻӵĬ 
ʱҲŷƽʱƺЩͬǣƢ˵Ļ˭ҲԲµȫ 
ᰶͻȻе 
ϡҶ᰾ͺáҵļƺµıܾԵŮ̫ǡ 
죬ôɣô㡣 
˵ʱ򣬾ǲıˣҲֻĬ 
ᰶǵھʱͬ˵Ļ˵ɡ 
Ȼǵãǡ𣿡ôйˣ 
ҵ･ϲõĸо 
ڼ䣬úܺãǿϣҲû޵֣شҵķ˿ǲֻЩӣĺܳһʱ㶼뱣κиҪñڸá 
ҳɵſڣסʲôԭ򣿡 
Ϊҵʱ޻ᡭΪʺ󡣡 
Ҳŵתͷ 
ƽǣ˵ķǡ 
˵һ顣 
Ϊʺһ֮һ֮󡣡 
ô־Ļ̶ҺУЦδ̫ˣ 
㲻룿 
벻룬Ҳֻ˰ټҵıҵôʺϵһʺ󣡡 
Ա⣬Ѿ»ʺΪʺϣʺϡ 
غͼ𾪣̫˵ 
ôԡʺ֪Ҵİ 
侲侲ڵұ侲 
Ǵǲͬģҽֻһʱ䣬һΪԻ 
׼Ľֻһݣ˻˵лޱֳĲǶר裬Ҳûʲô˵ˣ²ԴٽУдʱúðš 
ԭ϶Ի̫òԭ 
㲻ˮۣˣ뱻˲ڽ£ֻߵλѵ뿴˵ϺλȻܾѹƣҶᰣǲĸԡ޺ǰ˵ʺϻڹ͢ģܳʱﶼûԾڱ˿ѹȣ԰ѡʲôʱðգʲôʱãÿÿڹؼʱܹ㣬޾ǿһ㣬ŷĽƵʺλϵġ 
ǣֻжҵĺô𣿡˵ⷬʱҲûֹͣ˼ʱѾԱȽ侲طϣҲţҲĸԡ 
תңɡ 
ܾûпڣҲôάƣڽսһš 
ڵ㣬øҲ˽ˡ 
ΪҿʼĿҲԸҿ⡣ 
עʱҲѵز 
ڣҪһĸ 
ĸϵһǡ 
ͨͳֶμ̳лλģ˿˵ʩдģĸǺں̶ܴҪȻʵĴͳΪӵĶʮ޿˺ܶ๸źܶ಻СȥҹķչʮֲˣһֶνΪº͵ĸĸ޼λϾֻ꣬ϳĶ࣬£Ҫһĸ򣬻ͰսҲеôͻأų⡣ 
򡭡ңкôҲͿ˳µؽһЩ£ 
޵Ĵǣʱȴӹ͢ϸ֮ʼ֣Ȼչ·ɣͲ̫ϳԣϾȴ»ʺʷ䶼ӦûڴһλµкҴı仯 
ôõĹա 
ҵƣԼ˫ϡ 
ϣʲôû˵ɣ 
Եسһ£޲˼ 
»ʺ֮ʢԶΪ䣬Ϊ¹ͣҪŬԽʤλʺĿڱ̧ͷֻһͨĹӵܣڽǰûȡùκιҲû취»ʺɱбңҪȡùϿɣ̸ף 
пʼ˸zybg 
οҳֽϴ䶯ʱǾͻøкͲĸ˳УһᱻΪӺͼĸгκ⣬׵屻ѵ˻˭أʵʩЩĸٴĹԱңдһеˡ 
׽סҵ֣ѵüеصûôΣգӦ޵ֵġ 
ûҵ֪һкܴİղŻôҲΪԼΣģֻĸͬһ¡ 
أһһЩӣһʹ˳Ÿ۴ 
ʵ˵ǰϣѾɵνľܾ 
ҹڴϣ˫ƽţߵͷ 
΢ɻʥ޶ܻ֮ʺλʱʱ֮̿УʥڣڴߵлʶƵ 
бϣĬĬ˴һáղűһֱעͷ͸ҵıȵ÷·һ 
ﴩתһһ˵ϣһΪԼ֮ˣڡʺĵλϣֻûлá 
ҸӼᶨҴһǿƵζ㲻ԻҶġˡҡ֡ 
ЦˣҲɣԼĸо㰮ңֻǣڰ֮⣬ŸҪĶΪҪʱ 
ԣԭʲôʲô֮ҲǾֹͣɡ 
һʺҲǿƵúܺá 
˵ʵˣ޻ǲ֡͸һߵĹâ 
֪İǱ΢󣬾ԶҲһӰɡ 
ңҲû 
߳īڵȴ͸ĻҲһ㱡Ө¡ 
׵ƬҵļͷѸûΣ֣һƬѩ 
 
⣬ǳѩ¶ 



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ʮʱԼʮʱΪһ뿪ңһϷĴǣҲݣҲݣһҵˡӪղ̫ߣάȫƱãȢһĽŮӣŮƽȴɳƵҸ 
ʱȻû뵽ֻʵ֣ңϵһ֮ȫͬ 
ʱ֪˽Ϊʺ֮λò˹ĶǵĻ»ᾪ㵵ò֪ɣ 



ԴҲλݺ󣬴Ŀⶼеһߣԭҵ򷴶ˣҲΪʱ϶ҵĳҽͣҲЩ˲²ʮһʲôõŭʥգЩռۡߵءĻ㱻ңȻһһգΨлʹֹ̬ͬûжҷɽģӽԼܹһֱȾӺλԭɣűԼжϣʵڲʲô¡ 
ҾȵڳΪݺûٱֳκξ֮ģ˻򰵵ĴѹҲĬĬݣȡһжֻżگǱ̫Ļͣʱ価عеĿֻС뿪鹬ô򵥡 
û׹ҵյĻʹ 
˵ʧȴ뷨ңҲûȥΪ˹ˣҪĪڣҵġ񡱡 
˵ǡаɣôҵֻж̶̰ʱ䣬ҪΪһŷĻʺѡʵڲǼ׵顣 
ҵ˻ͷ˵һУĻᷢҲҲֻΪĳҪﵽĿĻڣ 
ǣҲֻ 
Һ֮ǰе˶ԴϲʱҶûָĻ֮˵İѱҪһʺеı湦Ӧû̫ѡҪģ뾡취ʹʹҲͷ 
ǺƷ׵ˣĹ˽հҲͬҵλô°빦ҲöסЩԵ졣ֻǣʹǾᶽŮұһɱȣ丸ڳҲӰ㣬ҾκķȣֻóϷſɣɹ֮ܽ£ĸױ㲻ᷴԣʱڳܵ谭Ҳȥܶࡣ 
ˣҷҪɹɡ 
ģÿõ̬ȶԴˣɻǹŮʹӣԴΪӮÿ֮˷˴ִϣʩ飬ÿ³˴Ҷָ㲻Ϊ̫ʴûʱʵ⣬ֿԲΪϿ顣 
ܹǱĬӰӹ۸еģʱ̸ǵˣһϣҺܱɵ輸ҹĹŮ̫֮ڣȦɢ¸ƽ׽ۣΪͬݣڱ˰һԱȣĺ޶Ҳǡðҡ˱һԣĳһ˵Ķ߷֣֪󲿷Ҳͻ˵ɵֲԼС 
ЩŵЧڶʱڿӰȴЩһʱ֮ƿɱȣؽ֮ʱѾһЩŮڷ¶˺ֱӱǰһʱʹֻ֪ҪȥҲʼƫҵʱһᰴ಻סزȡٶڵȵľҪʹʲôֶΡ 
ϵǡôһµġ䵭ҵ³޵¼ϣȲ˵רҲΪʧơֻǣʱֻ֮صʱǰĽУԶǿӲҲԶᣬֻܸĬĬܣ޻ӦҺΪĿķޣʹҲδЩЦ 
ǣλϣ˭Цó 
һжҪĽڵˣȥʱһ鹬һƽ̣ûڼľټԲ꣬ûмѼİֻ꣬ŷļ˺ͽӣҹԶ죬ζԼȴôңԶ 
Ȼͬˣҳμʶ˻ʼҹʢ󣬴ӳϦ֮ǰĸɨü£ʮϯʮҹ磬һʱɻȫ棬˴֮ҲдֱҪæϢ֮ʱ 
ĵʱһȥλӵĹݹ꣬ѵʹˣȻۼƽʱͷЩδزǺ¡صԼУñȲ裬˹ 
ǻµĴŮϲţҲڳμʱһеòڵĹŮϧֱҲԸѳֻЩĲƽϻҿͿаֵ 
ôһĵǱйء 
ĵ뻪ūǰɡ 
̬Ⱥ⣬վȻƫƫֵּǰ࿴á 
ĵϲŽůǰͣ׵үϳδ飬뻪ڴԺƬ̡ 
ȴڣ⵹Щ档 
ū澿ɣū澻£иˣūźݲˮ˵գתϽ˳ȥ 
ѾͷǱ濴ôЦ̧ŸҪż˻Ҷݣ 
תͷһԭƣһңȵ첽˹ 
ūŸ밲ݼ飬꼪顣 
ĴʶӦϧûźЦʵϲǻڳôô 
ػݣֵĲūŵֵ̧ۿ˿ң֪ݵĵΪ¡ 
ȻǱǵūŻģ˵ǻϴñš 
ϵּ⣿糿ϳǰзԸ˵ҪһţҲô硭֪ĸūŰ£ 
ţʱʱŻпһʱǻϴķԸµĵ 
ǴŮϲšĪǣ˽ľ᲻ᡭʲôĿģ 
ղ뿪ŮϲôǴǻʲôʾ°ɣݾĵȴһūȥ׼Щ㡣 
ƣ̻סϲ˵ūŹЩ㲻㱾˵Щлʱ䣬ñȵơ 
ݼ˷ԸūĸҲӡ 
Һ˷ڣС̫˲߹ַԸ׼ЩҰõĸ㣬Һ㼫ģ˵Ҳô֣ʱеľҲȷʵĥʱ䡣 
һպεĴ̫˵ȡջõ͵ȥȻû裬˭֪ۿƵ鰸ŵۣͻȻһѽ 
ôˣͬ˹ȥһŵİϣƽŵһɽˮͼڻֽ룬ײá 
ūŲֺǺιȼ⡣ 
֪ûУŹϸˡֻǣ˭Ūģ⻭ܲԼƽѿ˷졣 
˼ǰŲѽȽϲš 
¶Ѳ˸ϵ̷Ӧ 
ڻûŪԭίͼǰס·ٿĳϷ 
Źˣȥ³ûǻûţȻ˳ҸԸ 
ǣūȥҵʾ£ᣬ뿪˶ů 
֪ʲô飿ū澷˴СϲһȻĿͶҵϡ 
ȱһ֪ 
һǷҲղźιһĴУţô£һ˻ᣬϸѺ۴һ૵ǿǰղص͸үĹŻүϲ˺ܾҲû˭뵽Ȼ͡ôү 
ϲתιʣ˺Ƶģ 
ǣȻۼң 
סιĻͷ˵ӱ鷿һֱû鰸ϵƷ֮ǰ⻭ѾŪˡ 
ҵĻȻ˳⣬תĿ꣬⻰ȷŲвô 
Ȼ˵ˣȻҵ 
ôū澶һʣҶݵľٶڴڼ֤ 
ŭū澣⻰ʲô˼㻳ǱŪƻֲֽϳô 
ϲŹū澲ңֻǻݲΪ»ǲúô 
еʱźС̫Ϊ֤Ӧþ棬Իѯʡ 
ݼ˵ūܲţ֪С̫Ƿһֱڷ 
ϲţԱɣ̫ǷҪ׼㵱Ȼһֱڱ֮ǰضбūŽůΪʲôֻʱȥˣֻСŮûɱʸ񣬸û̲µʸ񡣡 
ū澻֣̿ū澵ݲ죬ūΪĵŮү󽫴µ棬ҡͻȻվǰִᣬ⻭ѿƵóףֻūŲСĳӦò˹ʩΪҲ˵ 
Цһڻϻ֮ǰ϶ҵô⣿ǱģҪƾ޾ݵ˻ɣʮֿЦߣͬ⻭ԩ޳ʲôҪ˺ 
ϲŵ̬Խţū澾ͲˣԹϢūûвҲ֪临ӡ 
ûв룿⵹ˣҸҪػ治ԶѴ˸ߺ 
ϵ 

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һѾҺϲŶԼִֹͬͣȷֱй 
˵Щ飿ô¡һ鷿ûзʲô״ǡ 
ϲȵүǿϳʵǷġɽͼūһ㷢ַϵĻѱ˺ƳΣ֮£ڷегҶûɣ֮ǰܳһʱ䵥ڷڣڹ˻ѯʣ϶ᡣ 
ҵġܳһʱ䡱ҲҪͲܵõİɣȫ϶ͷβϲһֲãҪ˵Ȧ 
̫ѽߺֱΪֹнůȫҳһʣǻʣгһ̡ϷɵؿңôҲ˽ 
ĴŮ϶΢йء֪ڵʲôǶɣֻºܿú޽ôҲһֱ޷Ʋ壬ﱾ˶ӵĵطʱ֪ᴫʲôӣҵҲһᱻӰ졣 
ϲҵĻ̱⣺˵ūôֻӷͬȷʵһūҲֻǰ£Ի֮ġ 
ҿǴǫֱ̬ܹʱеЦӣֻϧϵ±ͲǶܹģٲҪΪſһˮ 
Ȼػ˵˭ͬ˵Сһˡģ˵ 
һϲ𾪵̧ͷңѱ˱顣 
ܹŹ֮ǰһֱű֤δ뿪߰벽 
ƣд£ 
ػϣԾʵūǿϲŴݵ뿪ģȻūű㻪һֱڴ̸䲻ȥ 
Ƹ˻Ͻʮ꣬϶γ̶ԷϲſɱȣΪߵܹ̫࣬˸ĻһҲͲ塣 
ϵ˵ͷ̳̫ԸʵϸЩЩӲūг 
һͻȻ޻˵ϲţߵǰ΢һʣ֪ɷ񡣡 
ϸңڴĦҵ뷨˵ 
תǸͼһߵӰϲţһֱûнůأ 
Ҫݺңͱ֮ǰ˺٣£ҹӦòҽôıҪˡ 
ϲŵļ΢΢һȴܿηӵشūүϳǰȡ͹һ˱īҲǷүּ⣬ʱͼ𡣡 
⡭ʱӦе̬ȣѵȥ 
ȻЩ˴ݣԼ˵ǷãԼ˵˱ģϣǲǸýϲҲͳȥ 
ҵĻδ˵꣬һС̫ͻȻ˽ϣٻŻ֮ˣǽ統ֵɨůĹŮʧΪʾ¸δá 
ˣѻˣһССŮҲⲻ˴ȴʵɶ񣬴ʮӣȻȥˡ 
С̫Ӧȥ 
鱾ͲȻʵڿϧˣ޾Ͳٶ׷ˣ˰رȥԼ£ɢ˰ɡɨһȦˣΪ֮˶ 
ΪһӰ죬δˣȻʻкο˼һǾԼȽŪһЩ 
ϯһֱڷǣϲȻһҲȴ֪ԼλãйκʵʶΪδʱͻȻҳ֣ 
СĽϲǴŮӦҲ޴֪һᱻ£ôʱûԴ̼ϲŽìͷָҵɡֻһŮðſܱΣնݣʵڲеΪ 
һĻһлͨˣǱϲŵıָʹ 



ùţұ׼ٹ߳ůȵʱǡ濴˺űߵϲš 
߹ʱҵһ䣺ʲôôˣԺΪô 
ϲ˲԰׵ɫ֪ԼĲ²ⷽȷġ 
ϲŵķӦһֱߵ⣬ҳС̫ʵղŷܷŮˣȥ 
ػݣʮӣѱ̧طʱ޷ݼݡ 
칫أ 
Ļūȥ뻪ڴԺ򡣡 
ҵ˵ͷСܽƬ̣һֹ 
ūŸҶ밲ݼ顣 
ˣҪ㡣֮ǰķʱôƵģϸ 
ǡ˵ڽдɨʱһ鰸˽ϵĻȴûע⵽ֽֽôһ׹ֽѳΣʧַ̫£ûҸκˣַֻŻԭξ 
л֪Իȥˡ 
ūŸˡ 
ֽ׹ƵģȻûô򵥣ϲϲţһֵˣһֽգڻҲ类ֽ˰ɡôһһоˣ޹ĹŮ˵ΪԼ˴ѹʱ޿֡ 
ҵĵ֮ǿڻź򣬶һصļƣϲšҾڹ 
ʮ 



ԭΪͬϲ֮ʱױԵõ֧֣ȴûϵķӦȻǺػصľܾʵһʱЩ޴롣 
ȷ˵ϲžкβǵĻ˶ҵ̬Ƿ⣬Ѱ㣬ĵֵôԣҲԻûв 
ֻ϶ĲҾ˹ؼʱ̣ʹǽʱ޹ؽҪĵطҲ𣿡޿κ֮£ֻ˶Ρ 
ԣ޲ôϲ޹ҽڳͷ޵ԭ򣬼ÿһūŲ˳۵Ӷ޽ǲȥĻ޵ĵԼҲû취κˣܿοϲŸ⼸꣬ûйҲпͣǴŮ»ηҲµĺ 
ǵģɽöôʶ嶮ִĻԼ۹СȻ˲ǡ 
вҵİΣأҲûйϵ𣿡ͬΪ᲻У´λֶΣ˭ܹ֪ 
ҶᰣңȻЩεҪ˵ԼôصĻ 
⹬֮⣬κһܵ˺̸ϡءֵģһȻһ油˭ðԼ̫Ҫ 
һе֪ 
ϣȻ˵ңʱǵøΪһʵ۵һŵ˵룬ܾҵԭ򡣡 
ǹҵңͻκһͨһκΣյ½ӽԼİˡ 
ҵĻ΢΢ۣӾĿ䵽ҵϣ·ҪҵƤ嶴һ㣬Ȼڵ˵úܺãҶᰣǷĸԼһݵԣӵް˵Ҫϣģش㣿 
Ļصңһһѣָоͬι̵ͻȻÿһ󶴰޷ 
ǰӶƾѵʲôʲô 
ϣҪһݶԴԼϣΪ˽ԼҪҵľʲôʱѾЭؽĹϵ 
˵ʵϲܹõ̬ȣȴִάԼԴǵûиʱ̲ס 
ҪֵһˣԼϡ 
ΪͿֻõظҲȥκ顣 
ҪʲôʱҲؿԼÿζǱһ͸ԼķαװЩԸϵ˼ 
£Ķӡ 



ǵģӻҿҾӿˣǿһҳҳĻ˺£֪ҵʱѾʣ޼ 
ڻʹȻް취 
Ҳõİ취̹Ȼ棬֮󵽵׻ĺ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϡ 
Ѳò֮ʱһѡðյ·ƾļһֱ 



˻ʹľʹֻС̫࣬Ǳʾҵĳ⡣ʱʹ̨ѿˮݣҵжΪʲôҲ֪ţͬҺɫҲòҲйôʧ̬֮Ҳвܼݴݡ 
ūţеעңŵ䱸˵ȴһҲ䵭ݺһûҾʹˣһֱǵýղ֪ѹʹģ 
ûµ˼ֻվߵгҾһݡ 
Ҷᰴֻһʹͬ⣬ٲҪұΪ󡣡 
򶨣Ҳ뵽Ҿ˵ֱ˵ɫʱ仯ǿЦһݺÿ϶Ŀ񱾳ʺǵһ㣬ñ졣 
ǡ 
ʲôһʱûзӦ 
ǵģҿ϶Լᵱʺ󡣡ֱֱ˵ 
ʱڿʼѣǡʲô˼˵ʲôŵʲôǡġ 
ģϱ˻ڽС 
ǣԲһ£ñô˵Ķģ㻹ұʲôȻѾ㣬αڱǰ˵ʲôģǿЦ 
ӣҸеԼʱĲ̣Ǽϣ˵һҪ˵ҲȷЦɣֿЦѾｲˣǲӦúʵҲҪΪֻΪ˻ϺõĻ١Ͼʱһ޺ 
Ϊ˻ϺãͻȻվһңðɣȻѾ˵ķϣҲ㣬Ҹ˻ô꣬ǸʱﲻΪˣҸģѵ빬겻ʱܵģڻعͷҵõʲôҵ׵õʲô 
߬ȭַߣʱǸ߸ϵĻʹһŮӣһͨͨŮӡǿڵ춯ʲôֻԸǸ˻˶ 
һУΪݺͼ壬һҲġ 
ϣԲŻʹࡣ 
οడ 
˵ĻôʵλóȥҲ᲻ãǻҪҲһ㸶òֻ࣬ǣĿֹڴˡ 
ļҲҵĳ̫ƽˡ 
˵ʲôõĻҶᰣÿһŮ˶ǸλãѾȲʤȯȴ˵㲻ҪǣʱҪֶ߽Ҫ̹ϣ̹ϵøһЩ 
üĻҸеЩ裬Ҳڵ顣 
ʹ侲һЩ˵𣿡ҳЦЦ˱ݸŻϵʱѾôˣҪһˣһˣѵֻΪ鷽ԭ𣿻ʺŵȷκʹۣҸڻ϶ԣһͣһߣֻѡõ÷ 
ı飬ɫҵȷ뵱޹ع̬ΪҵõҪĶҲˣҪܶԼԸ£ȻԸΪһЩԭǱҪΪϵĿ»ĨɱΪͨ˵뷨ҲԼҲǣ֪˺㣬Ҫ£Ҳûа취ͬģʹҲвò£ΪʲôʱҲԻϲ 
˵ˣеԼָ΢΢ЩҵﻰûжԱ˵Ҳ֪Լʱ˵˵Լ 
վţټ˼˺ܾã֮ŵҶᰣղŵܡ 
ӦûˡҲ֪γнӵЦһ£ôʵֱӵмܡ 
ðɡˡҲҲù㣬ķѾ֤̫ˣֻڡȴЩԡ˵òҵȷ޷ۿκζ£˺ҵʱ򡣡˵ţ̬ܽһĹҲڻصϣʱսʿ֮£һϵȷ̬ˣԲ㣬ǰ㣬Ӧһ£ǡҪһϵĺûʺһʱ̲ɻ 
һش𣬿ȴ˵һá֣òϲŵʵ̫ˣҸ 
һֱලҡ뵽˵һԿңһѾվ;Լҳɡ 
ϣôһ졣 



ǵģҲϣҿơ 
ʮ 



ºܿ쵽ˣҲȷ˵һΰٹȺΪԸڳϽ֮ʽ̨档 
ҰΪһƬҡﷱƽ԰ͣڹеһ˹ע£·ǵ˴һ㣬ŹҲˡ 
Ϊһҡ뷨ʱãһиɵ룬ÿҪҵ˱ųɶӣҪϯĳҲһһæµ֮£ҷһ֡ˡĸоҲҸøлƣԼӡ 
ΪҲŮرˣȷǳʱҲͲܾܾһЩҪ棬ʣÿ󳼶뿴ҵӵģʱǵĶϱѡһ㣬ȷһôҲġ 
ҵĸҲνңʼձŽŽɵ̬ȣԼǻ֪һֱûָʲôǰ;ÿ߳һ־£ѾĵλԲҾкͻʺһ졣 
ܾǸӵģһнչȴϵ˳ҲΨһһкʵ̫εΪ棬ʹڶҲҸøм»ʺ󱲲Сѹ 
ͣϢ󲻹죬ϵѳʮĸɺӭյļʱꡣͨնľη϶äĿģԭϵĵԸĻԵɺ֮½ҡ 
ЩʹҲɵЩνӡ˵ԭϣֵ£עܳɡ 



ҲΥǾԼĿΪҲΪԼ 
𡢾ᶽյλسһĬ£ٲִ󳼵ķ֮ԵˡδΧ˽̸ڸȷλϳֻһ㣬ǴʮУԴ˻Ȼԣ˾Ŷھʮգһеѡ빬ҲصɾӺʮһ¡ 
ʵ顢ѡһһæȻҪ񲿺ͺ󹬸˾֣»ʵǻʼҪʢ䣬ǰ׼֮ǳ˿ֻΪʱκ© 
ÿһټʱƣɫദƬ̱ᷢڼ£һ˳ǰֵü򶨣ѹֱΪܳܡ 
ҾǰκλִĻ⣬Ҳʱȥ׷Ҳĺ֮Ҳ޷ĹϵʲôʲôǹѾҪҪǴӽԺ˽һվ˵ǰ 



µ£һдС¶޷ǵĺģϵٳҲ࣬˵Ŀⶼ˼Ĵϡ 
׹˫ڻǰ㲻һʵ۴ɻʺпʼף˵˾ʮ죬ұԤݻؼס 
빬֮ǰȻҪȵǱ߰ݱûж˵Щʲôֻһֱң·ڿʱ˵һ䣺ֻʣء 
Ļ﾿м˼ҴҲ޷һָоҸǺͬġ 
ףǰֻˡ 
ȵٻعʱһоͶһˡ 
Ҹʱ鶯ӵңȴС 
뿪ĵ󱾸ÿʼ׼ˣϽʱһ֮£ǷԸȥʹ 
ʹû뵽ҾʱƬ̣֪̬ԴңûвΪ£Ʒ 
졭ǻؼҵ˰ɣ°뱭ʱʹһ˶ʧ̬ 
ûȫ£Ҳֱֻˣ˻ 
Ѿˣ 
ոռꡣ 
ʲôĿҾԼ˼Ĺ 
ʧЦȻٵص֪أʹ뿪 
һûֻûصңʧ 
ֻƷ׺󣬻ʹͻȻ˵Щ飬ǰҲУµҲС 
ʲôҷ²롣 
Ҷᰣ֪ģЩϸڣûȥ˼ԲԼʵõЩʲô 
Ļ⣬ݵʹ㽲ЩɣҶ޶ۡ 
֪ԼסôֱֱңҪһش𣬡ٹǶʮĵҲǻϾĹݱ֪ǲѡģǻֱӴġ 
޷͸ĶЩӦ 
ֻ֪ٹʷôһϲӵסҲסܶڵ⡮ǡΪٹǰҶּҡ֪ϵʱûпЩٹ䲻Ҳĺ壬ϣΪ˵ܹ˽⡣ʵ϶ƫһʼ㲻ٹӵˣڱֱȷģҲͲΪ 
ҴʱʮִͣĻ⣬ıԼԺʯÿĺ棬ƽ 
ΪʲôҪЩٲѡ 
ü˵ģҲ֪Ϊʲôѡ 
λʹԼǴĲﰲ 
ôĿǴﵽˣ뿪ʹҵ˼ҲһֱǻĻ޷תơ 
ʱ΢һ£Ȼ·̫ǰλӣҶݻعء 
˵ĽˣĹؾǹ࣬·֮ҲҪŸλ𱰡 
ԭҶݵĽӣݻȥġ 
һ˽ʱҲ¶ھһСԱʱҿֻͬ˫ҡ 
ģȻͲᡣ 
ſҪ˵Щʲô 
ǽת۱˾룬Ѿʧȴ˱˴˵ߡ 
ʮ 



صеңܵǰδе 
˽õСԺɨ˳ҼԭǸסģɶأ˵˼ʹʧƣԺӵͻˡ 
ԼУźҵһӦȫԹˣ㸸ĸҲͨȻЩڣҲȷʵҵȤɧš 
ҲΪէĻ̫ϤҲ̫ˣʼ޷ҵϾҪΪʺԾæµʱֻɰڲȻٽЩҵĽ䷴߱顣 



ǱϾһģʮʱҸеǰδеĽŸС 
ǰһȻ˯ֱʱڳУȵʱȻѾʱˡ 
𴲵εظڳʱоѾˣֳҲѶʥּʥйݾߵ֮񣬲˵һ˯ʱ㲻ǽң˵ʱ㹻ϢһҲ޷ 
ƣ⣬ǲЩֻҽŲסೡ棬˵ô̾ûѣҲѵá 
£ʱʽʼˡ 



ƽմǴµܹܷҲຮͣȻϴ硣 
ҽͽ˹ʱǰĹѾųʱһȺǰһװϴӣֻԽŮ̫ࡣ 
ﳽĻʺ󳯷ƫŮ»ʺĳ֯ڣǽȹ޸ĳɿװģǰ໪޾Ļʺ治õǰ·ʲôӡ 
⳯ɳڡۡ㡢ӺͳɣȻƣҲƽʱ𲻶࣬ͻ磬ֻǳڸ⽲׺ɫñγ֮ᶫ飬ںνһֻǵβ飬˵һٶʮţûģֻʵҪͷϱ̩ɽ׹һ㡣 
һʰ׵ҳԺͣԺڣʱʽּʹʥּȻұݾߵĴʵԳĻʵڲ࣬Һ¹ûʱﷸ´һһߵͷţȻ˳ʱֻеϵˡ 
žƻִָһȻ˸ͷߣֺͽ⣬Щšƽ⡱ģΪĸֻþţֱ붯Ҳá 
ʮ̧ţһ·һֱ̧Ǭ幬ҵĽȥеЩְ˷ܡʱкģҺӿΪŵŰֻлߵģʺʱԴŽһΣ˵һҲûеĻᣬֻϧƻ޷顣 
ȫͣʱ֪ԼѾǬ幬ǰˣȻСϻϾҪˡ 
Ҫ֦ģΪߺɷԱƽҿʱӦǴųվҵǰֻڽЩҵţƽʱƺϰ䣬Ҳ֪ļ᲻˵ҡ 
һʱͷͻȻ͡΢˼£ڰģļ 
½ˣ뿪Ǹֱĸ֣ܹЩڸһƬµ΢΢ӦǻڳģɻʹһӦ񣬿ǸһǵʲôҲֻܼһƬľоʮء 
ȻϷŹһ㣬ҽϵƻȥٽӹװ鱦׹ȵıƿǣһ·ߵٿǰͲƻһɺ󣬲Խˡ 
һֱĳͣס˽Ųʱȡ˱ƿҲŷԼԭѾ΢ʪҲýȻֽŸûбҪȫ޷ơ 
ǰ˾ǻˣǳĺ 
ָоκһʱĸоһ 
ǲǹÿһȴűǽ˶飿 



ʱľĬȴʼûж 
ʵЩĸֻܼš 
ȻꡱһЦˣ˵ȫӲ 
û뵽ĵһ仰Щж˶нû취Ѳɾôһ 
ڱ㿪˵Ҳǲõġ 
ǵȻС 
Ԥ£ͷѾ˿ȻһػߵĸоҲ˿ 
Ҵδϴֺػװʹƽʱܲͬºŵʲֲ˵ȫЭ 
¿˿ƺѱǲȥǰֻʣˡ 
ôʵ˵ĲҸûȫӦûھˡ 
Ǿͺˡ 
ȻδһڹŮ˽ҲʱûǾ׼ 
Ůһſ̣ϻʺġ 
ǸЦ绨ţҵһ 
ʹǹغˣⶫʲôôãվҵá 
ҵ˿϶ 
ȥɡͻȻ 
Һ͹Ůȫ¶֮ɫ 
ǡϣһҪԵġ 
ûʲôһģܷôǳȥ˵̸֪ 
Ůսս˳ȥһʱѶžƲ˻һ 
ϻʺϲ磬ơ 
Щεس˳վһߵ̺ĹŮֿĻϣֻǲ˼ȥ 
񶨵ļʱʱҲֻǸҹãûùκʳʱĲȣʵЩ 
Լǽյҵİʾ¶һζЦݣڻǻ뿪ˡ 
Ҿ翪ʼСһһƷЩõģȣڼꤵ˵䡣 
٣ֻǳֹ˼˱ͣ˿꣬ǰùš 
էŮⲻһЩúϡͷ֮ףǵĸղöߣ˺ͳҲʮö 
Ҽǵãʱƺˡ 
Ȼν˱һֻƱŵǰҺͬʱ˾ƺϣǱ˹ȥִԵˣŮҲδڴʱôΪӣһҪһ̿֡ 
޺޵ĻʺƣҪ˿š 



ʮ 



ѽƱҲֻѧķʽƺֻ֣ǻʼõǻԷĻԵģû˸߹ҡ 
Ȼģѡǰһֱ֣ӽصݵҵĴǰ 
Ķ΢ͷסڽҺਾͬʱҪеľƱ˵һЩֺȾƷĺڣҪЭͬʱΪһĺͽԼ˵ 
һϿ뵽ô࣬ҴԼҲִ̫ˡ 
ȻȻٴνЩֵͬĹŮǻԸǳƳʱǼֹһء 
ЩŮصΪҳȥǷصĳﳤۣܾý֪Ӻʱƺǣʵûʲô塣 
Թⳡ߳Ĵʽһ£ߺͿռ䣬ټ󷿼ֻ˵ĺ 
ϣһеһжô⣬ıûһϣȴһɷ 
ϣҽ֣ΪǸ˸һ䣬ʵһֱǵá 
 
ϣĻ 
֪ôͷƿһ̵ʵܺÿ 
ӽԺ޾Ҳܷˣ˺Ǳʹ໹죬ֻܹͬȵظ˴ˡ 
ӽԺ㻹ǲϰô 
ڰľУ¶ 
޷شΪǲ˵ڵġ 
ҲǶԿ룬ɣ˺Ļ 
ôǲ㣿 
ǣ㣿 



סڵļգɹЩݵʡһϣʼҲͬһûмĿͶ뵽κ͹У糯ȡʹûϼʱ䶼һ 
νһ޾վҪģ뿪ǻصٹԭʺǿڶʮģҲЩܵʹĻӰ죬ҲҶЩ飬ܹ֮ѯʱҺȻѡ 
ʹѧϰδҶǷζģҪ幬ÿӱסи˾ķְԼ˭ÿչﷲ˻ȾݣٰȵȴС飬Ҫ׼ʹٹͬһ֣ҪҲһﲻϢʱ 
ڻʺλϣܹӴҲñḻ࣬Ȼƺ󹬲øʺȴͨ;˽⵱ǰơϵȽĸеΪ˳ѡڵطѾЧϵãҲȾ˹ڼÿˡ 
ֻʱȥɿ죬һδԹѾǰһʼȴûʶʵʹ˵ʮҪ 
ʮһ³½Ů̵ѡ 



46 
ʮ 



Ůһѡһպһ 
̵ļҲζԭ̵빬һԵ鹬ȥΪͱǵеĴ˷ϲãЩԼųۣЩͬʱ빬ǣҵ۹Ѳͬ 
ǵģ磬߳źǸǣҲǶԡˡʲôᣬֻվѾʱ⡣ 
µñŮҪ磬ΪǱԹѡģŮǴӵطϲѡΣɹٷ͵ǣֱסʱҲżʽѡʮŮǡ 
ŮҪ̸ϿֻʮʮĹŮѡǰһഺ磬Щۣǿܻվζʲôͷͷţڿʱߺ͵ЦЩŮŻûý󹬷һӵ׼ҲϣĴ 
⵱һǲͬģŨü۵ŮשɫĶѣ󷽷ؿң󷽷س΢ЦȻĲ㻹й¶ǹʤ⡣ 
Ҳǳʲô뷨ұ̬ȣҲϲǺҲ֮ȥ 
վһԵĸ̫ࣺվм䴩ש·Ľʲô֣ 
ӣиţʮ꣬丸ǻ층ݣ游ʢյ¡ 
ԭҺܲ 
ٿһۣûжʲôŮǺܿ뿪ˡ 
ҲգδݵŮѣԺٶ˿Ρ 



ʮһ¿ҪȥʱһȫϢɳɾｭͻ˳ҹ 
ɳڱ߾ϵìܣǰδֹĳӵҲ֪ţ˴ɳѡںϮȻ˶ڶ䲻սıҳʶҷؾڲǸñ֮УȻ֮ 
ϲδԵرģȻǻɳ֮ģĳͻδΪڼΣ˲Ǻ޾顣 
½ľӰ첻ʳڵƽۿע飬·˹˵ŮʹͣѺŪ֣ȴ֪ڱ۵һһǡ 
ʹȴҵͷϣֲ֪ϰ䣬ÿ궬η䣬ǽһøҡþ˵ϳղһǡȡٺ֮Ҹ۶áֵǧ䲻֪Ƿ˹أ֮ȷʵůͷǳ 
Ϧȫҹ磬յµĺóĶҹҲ˻ʱ˵ĵһ仰ȴǴȤôѩһ 
ҳڵס纮״ǳϦȴδӦѩ΢ֻѩ϶ѡ 
ЦֱЦòͣĹȥ 
ǵʱȻˣȻŹضȹٴһЩǰ֪ϯ⣬Էһ˲ڣյִ̫౨˵Էͻ΢ҽϣҲδϡ 
ϯ룬Ů֮ʣһҽС̫ص첽˽һֱԡ 
ʲôŽ 
ҽ̹غϲϲԷˣ 
ﶡһ֪˭еı˵أȻ֮ûȥ⡣ 
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ҵһѸٵ˵ϲϡȻ½ѾȻ㷢չ˵ء 
ÿ϶Цݣ٣·õֵ˱Լһ㡣Ҳҵģϵǻ˳ãȨȹ̣аǺ£ԷΪôӦòЮ˷ˣöԴ 
ȻףһǲԸתͷԸȥʹһ֫ 
˵ףôܻȫں 



ϯֱŸȴûֱӻعЪϢǾȵԷһһֻصٹ̫๬ŮһٵĹȥ 
ΪӱԶԻصԲΡ 
տյĺǽΧΪǴ˷Եòôţϡ֪ķСŮŸҥ 
ߵʹ⣬ͿǰСŴΧżˣ֪Щʲô 
ǰô£ 
һʣСѼ˹ȥ߽ʱ̻صݻعʱߵˡ 
΢ȣǰǼ֪ūţȻ飬ƺѾ˯ȥ˵ 



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Ҿһʱûκ 
첻˶תȺԵūǺȵ˼ȥﶼû𣿣 
ǼűסˣϽǰҷסһ͹Ųȥ 
ںţСǸС֪Щ涯ŭ 
͹һоǡ䡱ȻϸһﲢûȱκαĶ˾˲ûеԼסĵط 
¯£Ѿ£ֻ״ûжٺת 
ҵӡУȲ裬ȴƣοĹڼ糡棬ҲΪʲôһҪǿԼԭ 
ΪʲôҪ˶Լ 



ʱ̫ˣҷԸ˼䣬׼뿪 
˭֪֮ʣ½Ǳ͵һ㺦ҵڵϣͷһԭ²ץû۾˫üԽһ 
εؿòͼſҡ 
ڽۣע⵽û峺ɿԣδѡ 
㡭˭ 
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˭ûʲôҪģȰҷſҵˡ 
˭֪ҵҡͷУ˵ߣ 
ֻСһúãȸңΪʲôҪȵô 
ȴ˼һ²ŵΪʲôΪˣǡ 
ҵͻһԤУ֪ǺǻֻԼƺһܵıԵ 
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գգ۾ôֻңⲻƽҲҪ㡣 
ҴӲ֪һ״̬ӦԼҲ֪Լһ棬þôơ 
ðɣҪʲôһش֮Ҫҡ 
ĿһΪֻ˯ȥˣûзſңֻüվ 
ͻȻһصСϲ𡭡 
Ҽúһ޷˵ȷţҿҪΪ 
׵ģڴʱҶǶôļ 
Щ飬Ժͳϵʱ 
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ʱǸȴʼ˵֡ 
ƽҶ˵ӽԺ㻹ǲϰô 
ԼԼûа취ȥϵһδβܿƵʹ 
СɡԼ˵ 
ʲôֺȻǣҲ 
ԭվǷʤ 
ð 
ĻҼԼĳԣƽϢʵأûشҵ˰ɣЩʲôأ 
üƺڿʲô 
Ҫǡ鹬ϯ̩ûҪǰҸϲ 
Ǹ֣ҵס죬˵ȥȴôҲˡ 
ĳľѾܽˣҵһֹңһҡ 
Ҫˡ 
һҪȥ֪ܺҪ 
Ϊʲôϯ̩Ҫǰ 
ְסԼĶͷΪҺңһֱǰҲ㲻ֻٰȥҲǹġ 
찡 
ƴѹסԼ죬»г 
ģġģ 
Ҳ̵һ֣ 
ʱҲôʹࡣ 
ҿѾҪ˯ˣ޷ķӦʹӲԼ·һ˳ȥ 
˭׷ҺҲ֪ 
ֻһֱţ绮ҵµһĴʹˮȴȵģֱҵ۾ 
顱һӣҺʲôײˣǸˣŲͣˣվӣʶ˵Բ 
ۣﶼۣͷţĺ塣 
Ҷᰣôˣ 
Ϥҿķ򣬻ӵ˵ˮҿǡϡ 
˲ΧߵĴȺǺηӦҴǽȥס 
֧һ£㡭 



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ҴĵģҼûӡֱһȲҵУҲŸеԼƽ 
ʮֹУҲº׳ʲô£ûӹ 
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վʲôҲ˵ 
ҳʱĳĬ£Ϸ׷ʣ̾һҪǲ˵ͱǿˡ 
ϱЦҡǣײˡ 
ײգգ۾Ȼһ뵽ޣΪǹúô 
ЦЩ죬ʱȷȫԼӦеׯأ֪ڳ˼Ļųʲôӡ 
סҵļ򣬶Ҳôš 
пһͶ޵Ĺ֣޻ȥлһ 
ҽͷľ䣬ĬȻ 
ϣ֪Ȼײ˲ңʱȷиˣԼﲻýѡ 



Ϧ֮ҹ˽ҵӰǾ޴ģ޷κ˸֪ⲢζҲзȥ˼һͼĩԭϯ̩ʱΪʲô棬ΪʲôҪ⻹ԤıȻЩԼò𰸡ͬʱʳܵʹҲھңһ鱩¶ӭӵĽǺʵģֱҲʩԼ̵ӣϯ̩ΣͶϯΣЩû˵ʵҪĴۡ 
ǸξɵӰѾѰˣоմȾϯ̩Ѫ̡ 
ԼҪȥҾѾױ֮ʱ򣬿Ҳŷ֣ҪȥȻôѡ 
ܾټκοܣٹﲻһҲкüҹΪŵͷҹߡ 
ֱһջʹá 
ʱΪ⣬ףżɽңʺǲأţ 
ҼҪΪҵˣҵЩС鲻ýʹдʣ 
һʲϣȻ򱾹ľҲ÷ˡ 
ùԭһֽ㣬һųһֽõǹʺзɷ㣬Ҫǣıʼ߷ҵơ 
һϸݣȥʹƣΰʵȨϵֻֽ̧ͷδһδɵд˵š 
Ǳˣ 
Щֻ飬ҾȻʧ˸еľĲ˵ֽȻǴٹ͵ȥģɼһ 
õҲǻھʹȡصϴƷģֽûָգ˾㲻ȫҲҪ֡ʹس 
ֻϧǧ㻹©һ㣬û˳۽ŵĻʺͻˣȴ䲻Ϊѵ˴˿϶εĹϵúõһֻĻĽҲֻ˵ˡ 
лѣ±شģʲôҲظ֪ 
ͷȻģֻһֱȣһʱҲ벻ʲôʱ˼ҡˣյ˶սµϢ֪ʺѾû 
ʵֻ˽̫ˣȻʲôҲ֪ԡ 
˵µľɳѾռſغ£Ѫϴ˴Ӷüӣҷ費ס 
Һɫܺÿû뵽εս»˼ѣػϻΪϢͷʹһˣɳľ䣬ſǻٵصս 



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ľҪͣҪǲͼʹҺͻʹ͵ĻʿҲʹҵ˼Դ޽תƳ 
ߵˣһ˲ɣԶڸļʹŮʮΣЩл鷿ֿ絹ǡ 
һ̲飬һٹֵʹ۹ŮϣԼⱳ֮벻ֽȻصҵϣ˲ûнһвõ޷죬ŮĵҲĺܴԾţվгָʹıǸˡ 
ˣţǸҺܲϲŮҲһ㱻Ϊ˵ĵóŮ 
ҵʱֱĺ׼ȷ 
Һͻʹ֮ԶûлɵͷϣΪڵĵλԺʲôȴļѡΪ⣬δЩ˵ȥ 
Բʲô飿 
һʱ͸Ұû̶ 
һ£սٴδɳһֻɱӶҹ򶫴ͼһ߾ӻϼлҷؾ˫ﳽפ֧Ԯ 
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֪Ϣҵвɵòһִ󵨵뷨˵ǰõоֽ񸵺յ¼ϵأ 
Ϊˣص̽˻ϵĿڷ磬ڸſܵǰ; 
ҲҲһأ˵ֻǸЦû˻棬ȴһΪ֪ڿЦ 
䳼άǵΪҪֶΣ񸵺յʮϳӣԱϵĽǸܺõİ취 
縵Ҷɳҹ߾ж׼ȷԤϵᱻίأ 
縵ĳ;ܿ汲㣬֪Լĳ룬һٳֻǻ⣬ôͲסӣݺҺͻʹ±ˣΪУյľС 
޷ؿôƽƣҪ뷨ԾԾԣһǵһζһδǿĵ⡣ 
ĸ˶ԭͺǿңǵģⲢȫֻҪ뵽Խļ屳ҾͻоܵвʹļҲԺյģǳ죬Ȩ֮յǡôͬţϾ£ļܿҲ֧ǱΣˡ 
ʼ޷ĲڿңǾ赭дġףһжǿõģ󹬵ЩŵλȻҲ⣬ҲһŲķչԸһЩСѵѧԵģҲù 
ϲͼϵļ˵鸵ʮ飬ŹκϸСδգõıһľϲ 
һر˵ҵһǰ͸Źϵʮܵ÷ǣǻʹڵ 
ֱ˵ǵȫѹҼ֮չԼ 
ɾҷʱһֱվСȴͻȻӣūͷְɣ 
һԳȣɶ񡣡 
ҷǳԾǸʲô 
ڵһؿͷߵ⻰ū˵ģūʵڿѹһֱսʱӣʱһ϶ҵӣһ·߹˲ٵĿ࣬Ҳܷ׻һ˳˳ūŽ˵䲻Ļǰʵڱ̫ˣūŲٿȥˣ˵˵ţѿ 
ĻҵɲʱʹǸ溢ӣһ˼ģΪңȴ̫ı˺ֻΪš 
Сӣɡ϶ҵɫСӲʵ񿴵ңδؾͲҡûôã˶˽ģֻҪѹжЩ˿԰ԼªһڲʱǾͻֳʵԼǰǸңڵعӶʵֿԶÿ˱ֳ⣬ڵܡҲ˵㲻ͺ̫ƽʢʱ˲ⲼʩһЩԵģ˷ʱ˭ֻ˵Լ˭ܿһҲǸˣĹףЩһǵüȥ 
Բ 
ӯ˫Щؿңؼ˫ۣΪ汣һԼʱңӵ÷ǵҡ 
ԾɰԭĴˣ׵ҩƳ棬Ȼ׽ǰ˸ԼĵӦеλϣ󣬼鱻żȻײƣΪ˽ͨȷ䣬һĻ쳣 
صĹʶļ˿֤УײƽҷĹŮежҲᳶκι 
ǣҲָЩܹϵۣ鷢ҵĶ̸ϵŵס˽˷ֱѺں󹬵ڼ෿ֽֿŹڵĹ֪ԼǷ޹Һƽظһнϴá 
ʱĵһϴʱ鼫Ϊãҵͷʾ֪˵ԭ 
Ǳſڣתң˿еӡ 
ҵһμε񼸺¶ȣ˲ԸҲȥӡ 
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ݲˡ 
ЦˣȴǴЦݲ£ôԺݲµˣҪȥˣ 
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Ȼֻۿڳްô 
ŭɢһ˿ʹȴת˲ü֮䣬ҵ 
⣬һʱΪ飬һʱȴĮ޾ֻںԼʱŻҲգΪʲôƫƫ᲻ãȻԼ췳ա 
ϣ̧ͷһ죬ʲôǴҪʱ᲻ͬ⣿˱ң˶ôˣʱ򡭡᲻ỻұ룿 
ֻҪشһ䡰ᡱԸĵ˵յһжҴˡ 
Ը⡣ 
Ըŵࡣ 
ֻȴһ뿪ңֱӵضңһҲ˵ 
ҪشˣҪ 
ʵ֮еĴ𰸡 
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ȥץϲ룬˹ȥŴƬˮɢ 
ֱȥٵű߻عƶ˵ʱ˵Ұ᲻ţ 
ڿ鶯ֹһ̣Һԥ˳ȥ޷ƵصЦš 
һֱĻɣȴԭס 
Ҳǲأֻ뿴ķӦ 



ɣ֮δ䣬Ҷɣ֮ӣƶɡ 
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ߵ棬ŷѾƮ˱ѩѽĹϵѩµòʵ仹ˮ 
Ҳ̾үҲδ̫Щ 
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ҪţվȥǲĿͿЩعȥ 
СˣߴתҲΥҵĻֻߵ۰Ͱ͵ؿš 
￪ʼһĬʫʡ 
һʱ·ĹŮǿ˴˵ŵò֪ǺãתۼܵòӰ 
ֹһͿƼææů˹һֱܵҵǰصʲôأūŷɡ 
ҡҡͷء 
̡̡һҲūŰɣ캮ضģҪʲô¶ûϸ̹𣿡 
鲻ˣҲѸ˵ģܵýùȻ 
Ȱ˵ֻԭزۼԼĻãƿ̾һվ˽ȥ 
֪ҪȥͨǸˡ 
Σ˳ң޿κΡ 
˵ҪĻţʲôʱ뿪˼ 
ҲЦ 
ǺοأҪǻϲˣ͸ͷҲˣαԼӹȥҪǶ²ôǺá 
İɣзִ磬ҲˣűǽȥСźŻϰɡ 
ƣҽ˽Ƥ멵ĽڣѩƬˮ׷뾱䣬оʵܣֵĺҲȫ 
֪Լ·ǼܵȴΪöûдʱžЩڡ 
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ÿһʱһΣȻﵣȴֹֻ̾ 
Сվ£ѿ޺۾ 
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Ҳ֪Ѿ˶ʱ֫ľӲͷҲýˣſһֱڵȵ½ǳǰ 
̧ͷȷǰ˲ҵĻþȴļеʹ 
㵽Ҫ 
ϧ⣬Ҳ޷شء 



ٴʱĿϤĴɫȻһ 
ͼŲ壬ȴһӸеȫʹЩ 
æסңڶ̫࣬ҽ˲⶯һҪСϡ 
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ŷһֱҪҪһЩūŸ 
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ҹ˶ã 
ʱͻҽŵùǺˣյǲŮʰлū˵Ҫ˴ˡ 
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ĽһϣҲһ˯ʱҷԸĲá 
Ȼҵ¹ΪŶΪԻȨðϵʢŭҲΪΪҵƣֻҪ˵һпһӣôʵҲνˡ 
ϣʤһ˰ɣ 
ԼҪﵽĿģҲδ˶ԴֲֻҪԲֶͬδﵽͬĽ⵱ʵҸһЩۡ 
ȹһӵҪʩֻǽҪʩĶһ任 
һۼȫȴ΢ĳͷ˽ᣬյȻҪϻ̳ϿֵظлʥҸΪЧаġ 
νĲɱ֮ 
һж˳Һͻ֮Ѿ֧顣 
ֲκˣԼҪƻ 
ӣ 
ţʲô£һ񣬷ƺЩԥ֮ɫ 
֪ūŸòö졭ʱɫܲأʮֵ 
𡭡 
뵽߳ʱϵı飬֪ҹʱűҵŸļ尾 
ʱ˵Ұ᲻ţ 
仰ٽһεĻᣬ֪ıֻأ 



תۼ䴺ѵˣʹ洦ɼ⣬԰ĻȲ٣ںǽ֮ɫ 
ϵѺõóףҲδһڻϵԼҵĿʰ˸֮µսۣȻ֮ĹϵȴЩһ׸ֻЩʵһ㽫ʵڸڱ֮¡ 
յ²Ϊ̶ʮڱɳӳɹؾ˳ϣפںǱɳԾչ 
½ȵʢļɳһּҳʵֻóתսԱ򣬶߾ʱȶյ³ʰԮʦس 
ȻɳҰĲһϢ󣬾ɳϮ᲼ɧҹɳ˰Ͻɱӣ֪ºΪŭ 
ʮµʱ뿪˾ǣ֮ǰֻһ仰 
Σͬ޵ġ 
һشǡء 



֮󣬵һҪʼûڵĻʹ 
ҲǵһθеԼϱ˳صΡ 



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үǱĳαÿζڷأ밴ƽɡֱȦΡ 
ٿڱ£ʺǷѾ֪սδյ飿 
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ǣعڵģҲǻеģϾԶǧѱ;Щ⡣ 
үģףҲŻϼӣǽո󳼿ʲôҪ£ȻҵЩһʱҲΨеȴһϢ 
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ϲڣҲֻүൣЩˣϾڣֻڧΪǡ 
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רʹҺ֣Щȣƽʱڵķɸ봫ǲʹǾ붫һ㷽ʽõרʹȴǵһΣ鲻Ѱ 
ɻ̫ãѱţ 
˲Ǳˣ֣Ķ룬ҲϳĻӵ֮һ 
էڵӰ֣ƺЩɵ־ϲֱǰס֣һѽԼĶӽرס 
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ȻԾ֪֮٣Ϻ˽ţⲻСϻнʲôûУ 
еģϵдһż㣬ڱǱ߿أ֪ݣתһ飬ʵֻĸ֣ǡͨ 
һ㶣˵ǡ˾ġͨ 
Ӧûдֻôĸ֣˵׵ġȻҲ⵽ʲô塣 
һףûи߹κ֮ص鰡ϻиɼ⣬ʵһʱ޷͸ 
ݷһߣ֣γֵкοȱ˽⣬ұȶλḻүƵķ 
֣ɫĳʮأʱҿ˿⣬ų˵ԣϻϵĺȣܹ෽һ뱬⣬ɺ϶ǹΪֻ֮ǾһȥŪĸڳ©Ҳǰûж洦ȱٵıʱˣܾ콫µľƷ͵Ļв;Ŀ¶Ӱ졣 
֣˶񣬡ˣھ͵Ǳߣټҹ۳취Ϊͬʺм仰˵ȻҲҪȥˡ 
ĿѸ뿪֣¿ңȷŸѿˡ 
⸱ӣҵ׼үл˵ɡ 
˿ڣϾЩçײ嶯¡˵ʵôҾˣӦܲµõػʺҲ֪һϻؾȻŹȴЩɼѾ˺ܴľģҲˣھϿҲء 
лү̹Ȼ棬ԺԣˣŻϾް취һת 
ϣ˰ɣǱȸˣҲʺౣء 
֣˳˵⣬ϵţȻԼڡ 
뻷סԼܻеĽǸУ޷ָ⡣ϣǷʵѽתҵУǣΪʲôĻҲ⣿ĸﵽʲôʾ 



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һ磬Ҷڷ˼Ż˵ġͨ˼źҲֻһЩһ̫๬ŮǶκŵңˣһ벻ͬĶԻۡ 
žһҰͻȻһ̧ͷŷѻһƬСӵϵĵ 
ֽȡҷԸ 
̴Ӧһ˲䣬ûƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ǳߴص 
ôˣʡ 
СӻŻŵֽܻëʽ͵ūŲСģӣѼײˣѾʰˡ 
㶣ĻඥһңһֱֻϵĻصĶԻ¼ϣ򵥵˼ˣ 
Сӣ㡣ͷվѸȥ 
ԾܿĽŲĵֱƽ۴䣬һ·ǶֻԼѯȻſʱȴͻȻסҡ 
ʺ˴ү׼ǲýġ 
ͣסţ·֮ˣвЦһ¡ϲţÿм¡ 
ûƶطʺˡūֻǽүԸ鷿Ҫκ˶ڣʺذɡ 
һڣôȫԸ 
ǡϽסȻҵĻסˣԥ 
ߵüЦ˵ͬȱȿ˭ܵĹЩ 
شǰһԶԶģƿֱ˽ȥûκ˸ʱҡ 
Сӣţκ˲š˵꣬ҷһȣ˵߸档 
˳ҿʼһѰңĲĻСͨŶԡ 
ȻڽǽϣһסͨСȡ£Լһ飬ʲôǷŵϣϸ۲ƿ¶ǽҲûκ쳣 
ѵķȻԣȻʧ䣬һǼΧоֱԭšͨλԵ鼮ҲʱһֱҪҵĶ 
ͨͨһԭһİҳһ飬ǻϵױʡ 
ʼǻϵһЩԼҪĲ쿴ĹԱְݵҳȻдʮϤ֣עԼʡְ䣬עڷ뾩ǰա 
϶ܵľٶô 
ΣҿȷԼܹЩʲôˡ 
Ҳյ»ʺ޷乭ɱУҲþ£޷Ϊϻ֣ıߣҾһһǴˡ 
ϣһθòʧġ 



ǣûн¸֪֣˵ģĿŵ˺ܴľ򣬶֮ûֱи֣ǷѾ˼ذʾңҲǷ𱻱ƽʱķǳֶΡ 
뵽֣һߣҾͨʹĸ׾ᶽ˰æϵɸʡټ뾩ķӦ֣ͬ뵽ģ϶Խעķǳȴʼûóʲôʵİ취ļ˾Ҳֻһζ֪ͣǵЩܵʹֻΪơ 
ϵĹԱɢȫʡҾѡ˾ྩϽԱ֮ȫʱҲ㵽ؼʱǷʹóҪ 
ڶ糿֪¡ھ£ϢֱӸϸΪϲڣԶи֮ܶ࣬ҵ⣬Ȼʲô㵽˾δڱ֣˶Ի˵ǶԻһЩ 
ʱü׷˭Ǻ͵Ҳսǰʿ޲ۿѾ˺ü죬ټҪķѵʱ䣬ԲߵĻº 
үԲӣܲߺѱٳΪ˶žֿܵȻȳ츺ԱƷĲ䣬̵㶬´ֻһ룬Ҳ޿κεģڴߴټӽϹҲֻõȴܵݾѵȥˣµı뱣ϾӪѲӪĹµĹزɱ䣬ܲΪ߾˾ʦȫˡ 
ظʵظīسɹ棡 
ۼ֣ŭǳҸϽһСӣȻ˽ȥ 
ʡʺݵ 
˵ĿһȫеҵϣǲͲ⣬֣ϲǸ֮˵ 
΢μʺ󡣡֣Ĵ£һɳΨƺԸҺرܵע£ڻǴҴ˸ 
̳˴ֻ֮ҵȴ󳼿ڴˣʺ֮ˣʺԽ룿ʺ뿪ĪҪΪ΢ˡ 
΢ЦԶԣλˣԹȻҲ뵽˾ٴԼλ飬Ȼϸһ£֮¹أ޷Ϊ˷ֹ֮˼棬ӣǰ»ʺսɱеˣɼزǲɱͨģַǳ±ָһӦ޷ 
ʺҪˣĿǷֹ󹬸˻ʺµĳϣʮֲס΢ϰΣصҪ飬ݵ飬ʺصڵĵطȥɡ 
˼֪Ǻ֮ˣôҲױǻϵ飬ֹ˶ÿΪϵİšΪλ۵ǹغϵĴ£˱ŸҪһ˵˶ڴѺް취룿ǱЩ飬ɶλЩ 
һѾҲ޷׽⣬ʺаս⻰ҲδЩ̫ҵȿ 
֣ʱԲˣҲչηһأλ˵ǲǰ 
ȺƫϵȻ׷ͬ⣬Ҳûб̬ 
ʱ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô飬ֻ֮ǰ֣򱾾˲ţǶڴµļʮֿУԾº˽⣬øλжһЩ뷨ôתСӣ 
һʱԼֻʮĹٷ˽ͬʵҲǳμ棬ȻȻģϳ˺Ϊȵػ 
λ˶ֽӦҲ˽ˣ̸̸кƵӦ֮߰ɣ 
˲ǻϿõ˲ţ˳ҲӣвΪƷٵĸ׳ȵɻʺʹǿ¹֣¹ΪָһӱȵþͲˡ 
һ󳼵ʵ⻰ף㵹˵˵ʣ 
¹ٿʢΪѣʢҪǼɽص򣬵ϾλԽϣЩֽΪӦصܵӰ졣ʢ뾩ȾڵҪö࣬ɽʡʱ䣬ȵƵƷ깤˵ʢأڵӦҲü 
֣˵󣬱ͷʮͬ 
һƷĹ漴Ҳ¹ͨڶְԵ˽⣬¹ʳҩľΪḻǰԳ͵ȡģҩķֻǲоҽ٣ݷ棬Ȼѽռһ٣Ų⣬պǣԹټԶš 
ҿ𣬴ʱɫѾѿ˼㡣 
ˣĸλˣǾΣ 
ңҪ𣬡ʺĶʶˣλ˲ܿɼΣְֻ֪ؽ뾩ڵģ²Сɡ߼֣飬Ϊʲôڷɻʺվ˳ 
˵ǲһϵ£Щĵùͷ֣ǣΪ⼸λ˱ϾᣬְҲ룬ֻһϣתּܲٽҲֻǷּ¡Ҫڣֲһ䣬ȻǱˣϻ֮󣬱һġ 
ƵӣЦЦĵҲеϾλԳԱţɷڼüʱعλãռҲƷ׹ٺֻͬһЭ飬սԭְԸԳھʱĸöȣ֣֪뷨з񣿡 
֣Ȼͬʺ׵á 
ˣòٷˣ 
ݽһߣû 
ô飬±룬ʹ˸ˣλܹΪϽǡ 
ȹͻʺ󡣡 
ת棬˫һֱ׷Ӱߴǿҵĵ⣬ҵȴ˸е泩ˡ 
ʮ 



һ磬Ҷڷ˼Ż˵ġͨ˼źҲֻһЩһ̫๬ŮǶκŵңˣһ벻ͬĶԻۡ 
žһҰͻȻһ̧ͷŷѻһƬСӵϵĵ 
ֽȡҷԸ 
̴Ӧһ˲䣬ûƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ǳߴص 
ôˣʡ 
СӻŻŵֽܻëʽ͵ūŲСģӣѼײˣѾʰˡ 
㶣ĻඥһңһֱֻϵĻصĶԻ¼ϣ򵥵˼ˣ 
Сӣ㡣ͷվѸȥ 
ԾܿĽŲĵֱƽ۴䣬һ·ǶֻԼѯȻſʱȴͻȻסҡ 
ʺ˴ү׼ǲýġ 
ͣסţ·֮ˣвЦһ¡ϲţÿм¡ 
ûƶطʺˡūֻǽүԸ鷿Ҫκ˶ڣʺذɡ 
һڣôȫԸ 
ǡϽסȻҵĻסˣԥ 
ߵüЦ˵ͬȱȿ˭ܵĹЩ 
شǰһԶԶģƿֱ˽ȥûκ˸ʱҡ 
Сӣţκ˲š˵꣬ҷһȣ˵߸档 
˳ҿʼһѰңĲĻСͨŶԡ 
ȻڽǽϣһסͨСȡ£Լһ飬ʲôǷŵϣϸ۲ƿ¶ǽҲûκ쳣 
ѵķȻԣȻʧ䣬һǼΧоֱԭšͨλԵ鼮ҲʱһֱҪҵĶ 
ͨͨһԭһİҳһ飬ǻϵױʡ 
ʼǻϵһЩԼҪĲ쿴ĹԱְݵҳȻдʮϤ֣עԼʡְ䣬עڷ뾩ǰա 
϶ܵľٶô 
ΣҿȷԼܹЩʲôˡ 
Ҳյ»ʺ޷乭ɱУҲþ£޷Ϊϻ֣ıߣҾһһǴˡ 
ϣһθòʧġ 



ǣûн¸֪֣˵ģĿŵ˺ܴľ򣬶֮ûֱи֣ǷѾ˼ذʾңҲǷ𱻱ƽʱķǳֶΡ 
뵽֣һߣҾͨʹĸ׾ᶽ˰æϵɸʡټ뾩ķӦ֣ͬ뵽ģ϶Խעķǳȴʼûóʲôʵİ취ļ˾Ҳֻһζ֪ͣǵЩܵʹֻΪơ 
ϵĹԱɢȫʡҾѡ˾ྩϽԱ֮ȫʱҲ㵽ؼʱǷʹóҪ 
ڶ糿֪¡ھ£ϢֱӸϸΪϲڣԶи֮ܶ࣬ҵ⣬Ȼʲô㵽˾δڱ֣˶Ի˵ǶԻһЩ 
ʱü׷˭Ǻ͵Ҳսǰʿ޲ۿѾ˺ü죬ټҪķѵʱ䣬ԲߵĻº 
үԲӣܲߺѱٳΪ˶žֿܵȻȳ츺ԱƷĲ䣬̵㶬´ֻһ룬Ҳ޿κεģڴߴټӽϹҲֻõȴܵݾѵȥˣµı뱣ϾӪѲӪĹµĹزɱ䣬ܲΪ߾˾ʦȫˡ 
ظʵظīسɹ棡 
ۼ֣ŭǳҸϽһСӣȻ˽ȥ 
ʡʺݵ 
˵ĿһȫеҵϣǲͲ⣬֣ϲǸ֮˵ 
΢μʺ󡣡֣Ĵ£һɳΨƺԸҺرܵע£ڻǴҴ˸ 
̳˴ֻ֮ҵȴ󳼿ڴˣʺ֮ˣʺԽ룿ʺ뿪ĪҪΪ΢ˡ 
΢ЦԶԣλˣԹȻҲ뵽˾ٴԼλ飬Ȼϸһ£֮¹أ޷Ϊ˷ֹ֮˼棬ӣǰ»ʺսɱеˣɼزǲɱͨģַǳ±ָһӦ޷ 
ʺҪˣĿǷֹ󹬸˻ʺµĳϣʮֲס΢ϰΣصҪ飬ݵ飬ʺصڵĵطȥɡ 
˼֪Ǻ֮ˣôҲױǻϵ飬ֹ˶ÿΪϵİšΪλ۵ǹغϵĴ£˱ŸҪһ˵˶ڴѺް취룿ǱЩ飬ɶλЩ 
һѾҲ޷׽⣬ʺаս⻰ҲδЩ̫ҵȿ 
֣ʱԲˣҲչηһأλ˵ǲǰ 
ȺƫϵȻ׷ͬ⣬Ҳûб̬ 
ʱ˵ʵҲ㲻ʲô飬ֻ֮ǰ֣򱾾˲ţǶڴµļʮֿУԾº˽⣬øλжһЩ뷨ôתСӣ 
һʱԼֻʮĹٷ˽ͬʵҲǳμ棬ȻȻģϳ˺Ϊȵػ 
λ˶ֽӦҲ˽ˣ̸̸кƵӦ֮߰ɣ 
˲ǻϿõ˲ţ˳ҲӣвΪƷٵĸ׳ȵɻʺʹǿ¹֣¹ΪָһӱȵþͲˡ 
һ󳼵ʵ⻰ף㵹˵˵ʣ 
¹ٿʢΪѣʢҪǼɽص򣬵ϾλԽϣЩֽΪӦصܵӰ졣ʢ뾩ȾڵҪö࣬ɽʡʱ䣬ȵƵƷ깤˵ʢأڵӦҲü 
֣˵󣬱ͷʮͬ 
һƷĹ漴Ҳ¹ͨڶְԵ˽⣬¹ʳҩľΪḻǰԳ͵ȡģҩķֻǲоҽ٣ݷ棬Ȼѽռһ٣Ų⣬պǣԹټԶš 
ҿ𣬴ʱɫѾѿ˼㡣 
ˣĸλˣǾΣ 
ңҪ𣬡ʺĶʶˣλ˲ܿɼΣְֻ֪ؽ뾩ڵģ²Сɡ߼֣飬Ϊʲôڷɻʺվ˳ 
˵ǲһϵ£Щĵùͷ֣ǣΪ⼸λ˱ϾᣬְҲ룬ֻһϣתּܲٽҲֻǷּ¡Ҫڣֲһ䣬ȻǱˣϻ֮󣬱һġ 
ƵӣЦЦĵҲеϾλԳԱţɷڼüʱعλãռҲƷ׹ٺֻͬһЭ飬սԭְԸԳھʱĸöȣ֣֪뷨з񣿡 
֣Ȼͬʺ׵á 
ˣòٷˣ 
ݽһߣû 
ô飬±룬ʹ˸ˣλܹΪϽǡ 
ȹͻʺ󡣡 
ת棬˫һֱ׷Ӱߴǿҵĵ⣬ҵȴ˸е泩ˡ 
ʮ 



һ·ֱӻصٹһű㿴ӭ˹ڱԷҪˣѴʹҲǱţ˵ӵбȥһˡ 
ʲôʱ£ 
뿪֮󡣡 
ǡȥ 
δԼĹͣƬ̣ԷĳԷֵʱѳһŮӵġ̥ʮ¡ҽ˵˵ǿд̥֮һֱܺã뿪ʱҲΪģϢֻ֪Ǻǻ 
㿴ŽգŮǸæµ߶ţûע⵽ҵĳ֡ 
סһŮʵˣʹĶ 
˷ң̻ŵشʺˡʹں 
һõ𰸣ұſֱȻǻŵӰ 
Էˣôûǰ棿 
һңʹ·һж˺ôѹЩƣصѾˣǸӣȻӹЩ㽡ֻǡֻԷãҽھΣѾ˵ʮΣա 
ҳĬ˰ΣϢȻʵС 
ֱ˱Ȳ䷿ڣչš 
ȥô 
˵ͷҲ˽ȥֻһصĸԣǰһܲ󵫺ܾµҡ 
Ҵĸ˱˸ʾ߽ҡĿһɫƣƤСӤ 
۾ǱպϵģӦòδ˯ţһϡüСǣһͬλ 
һֻ֣ҪһԥΣΪһա 
ĵһӣΨһ̳ѪˣȴұȽӴ 
ʱеĸӣ˿ᡣ 
ԼãڱŮȴңմһӵԼĹѪ 
Ϊһս˴ĺӣ̵ʶԼΪģŮͬ 
ҺĶҲͬʱӶðΣյԷ 
ͬ·Ųͬ߷ʧ˷ֻΪһõˡ 
һ׵ͨ 
ʺҽѳˣǿȥǰԷˡ 
һع񣬿˵Ļʹϵĵǳϲ֪ԷӦǶɹѡ 
ͬһǰҽϸʱްˣ֮Ѳ̫󣬽һڶⲻãΣաҡ 
˵;ͻȻʹ׷ʵǰʲô˵õģʵǡ 
ǡҾһ°ȻȹϲѾ£Ժ²࣬Ȭˡ 
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ͬʹԷչ˵СӱʹдΪҲﳽڻӲĸĹء 
ķһЩʱ䴦һӵǶλĸ׻ԣҶ̫طóҲӦƺȻزԸԼϢʱ䣬ת֮еҵĹ 
վǰϢȣҲȡ 
У˵ˣҸ׶ˣ 
ĳȵȥˣһǲߵ̫࣬Уˡ 
ȻҵĻˣѹ˰βŵǵġǵģ΢񡭡 
ҪϥʱѸٵˣɣֱ˵˵⡣ 
Ϊ̵ı飬ҵһ˿⡣ 
ղ˵ö治֪ҥԣֻǲһص̸һЩѣͱӣɼҥ֮˾ϲ⡣ 
ʱȴˣֻǴվǰŪʱ뷨 
ôˣȴ𣿡 
ԵЩƣ΢ֻǷ˸΢ԭһյֿѣ΢ĸʴһЩ΢ˣԼѾʧȥλֿѣҲܼˣ˲ŻðȻŵ 
ⷬﳹҵļŭ 
ǵģҴˣѣҲҪҪҶĸʴȣŪЩʲôҪԻϲ˵ԻϵвǴ治֮ԷʴȣѵҪΪҪʵڻ 
Ƭ̵Ȼ̾Ϣô˵ֻΪӣżҸʲôأοͻ֮䣬ǿһֻҶᰣȴıء㾹һΪŻ룬˵ĻͣͣҵĿһ쳣ڻǶ˸飬𡭡 
ҵ˲ʱ˵ĻУӽһ䣬һֱ֮ϢҵĺøУҲǲˣֻδۣ綨۳ڴʱ״͹ϵ£ôδ̫̿Ц 
ˣɱϯ̩ء 
Ȼȴվڴ˴Ұʾҵİ⡣ 
뵽֣ĵײЦЦҲϡ 
ַһ󡣡 
ʲôеһȥ 
Ҷ̬ʧʣҲΪҵĸ֮ƫĵԵʣΪҧҧڽǸۼ˿ڣΪϯ̩ 
ɲʱҿɫڳױˣѪɫ·һ˲䱻һ㣬µΩв԰ףвٳʢž⡢ڡ𾪣ԼһЩʲô 
㡭֪ˣΡ֪ģ 
Ļشֱӵĳϣ֪Բһ 
Լƺԡ֪仰ٴβ̵شʹϡ 
ţҵУ㡭ңˣúҵġǣҶᰣ֪ 
ʲôҲʶʵ 
ǶãȻͻȻƲͷ 
ûʲôתԱңٵҲġΣ㲻ҪҸء˵꣬ͽӲؿ첽˳ȥ 
ûҲûлشֻǾؿ뿪 
Һ֮ߵزôʼδ 
ԭΪһδ¶ʧģԭЩ 
ʱ˸С 
İҲرϣſԲغ㣬ΪΣҲ˵ѡ 



ʮ 



֣˲Ϊʶ˲ţʩӵİѹ£Ǽڱ̬ŤתȻҲֻ֧ϵһڳӻֻ֣Ҳ粽С 
ۼھڵˣշǰߣ֣ͬȰһûܸı⡣ 
֮ǰصؽҡ 
ʺʲôԻ˵ԴΪת 
ǾͶлСүˣһ⣬үϡ˵ұתѰֽʡ 
ʺ󡭡 
ʲôֹͣ¶ɻ 
ֻƺźܴβŵǸ 
ЦˣΪ֣أСүΪô˵ 
Ѳƽϣһֱǵóʱ֪Լʵ˼Ǻޱȡ 
ĻЦøˣʱڴʱѱһȤľ 
СүһֱиʣʱΪʲôԱһֱ벻͸ 
΢΢ˣ˵úܣ΢Լɣ֪ģλѲʱк涼˷ﴬģʱֻȴͻ̬ͬԼ϶̬ȶƽռĺͬ˳͡Щ 
˳ۣѵ΢ЦŽĻ 
ûлش𣬵ĬܱһС 
СүؽţʵǶӹú죬Ǻ޾ͲˣڿѾΪ϶һ棬Ҳܸˡ 
οõԣԼףȻ»ʺ°֪κһʶеĳд󳼶СҲΪһ㣬ϲʼսϴ򶨡 
ȡֽʵһ٣ϸ֮£ϵĲ빬֮ǰô֮һзչֻǾļ֮ڣΪѱǼ¶ֶΡ 
νı󶯣˴󵨵Ķľ֣ȻֻŸעô 
һ˼ܣ񣬱Ҳǽ߾ܰˡ 
ִֽдӼȵһо˼ãں֡ 
ι顣 



ʾɳмںڣΧɳοկ˹ұڼУɳͶǲʹ̸С 
£ڷؾǣеɳһǲʹţ˿ռеӭӹӢǣʹҲϲɫĳһɨա 
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Ȼû뷨ˡʶǿʱұͷȻĺҲӹֺαԼ롣 
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̾˿ָҵķ˿סҡЩĻΪֻеƺԽԽҲ޷ȫȫȥԷ˵޻ǸΪһͺ󡣡 
ǵģңǲͨİˣһҵĻʵۺͻʺǲøһ֮ϵġ 
ԣԹΪȣ㲻ΪҿΪģһԼΪԼֻ֮Ѱһƽ⣬±һ˵Ĵҡ 
ܲһõİ취ȴʺǵ· 



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֮ǰ¶Ѿͼϴ˴βٲȡֱ̨ΪٶѱѰ˾˫㲻 
ǡڴ˼ʣ״빬ЦԷǣҪڻǰΪ˵ְֹʵҴδãϱѽɴӶƷΪƷ̫ٱϧʳ֪ζ̲㣬ֵ֮λ 
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ʱǸø˳ٳҲΪ롣ֱ׵Ĺټع˼ĹݣֻҼҹҪơ 
ҵ˼ԵΪ͢ῴһĹͷôǹܹ˾͸ɱлˣ㸸޴Ҳ޴Իúðš 
仰ұǷΪ̺˺·ȻڸпҵΪǴ治ĺȣȴһΪȫˡ 
Ӵң޹ϵ 



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һ֪ץű˿ҳֽ㣬ܾݣȻּ 



ᰣ֪չʱɰ÷˽ϣδ֪ΪĶմţԲҹҴ֮ξȫ 
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ʱǰ־һλòüǱ鹬֮龳֮ӰԶĿʱδ̾룬ɻͬȻ֪ʱ棬ҾûƣĪЦ֮ 



ŵˣֽվסš 
ΪʲôΪʲôһзҪ 
ʲô࣬ʲôֲǣѷ 
뵽͸ľ֮⣬ٲͣ״ʲôѾźÿ뿪Ϊʲôȴϵң 
㵽ȥ 
ٹһ·ܽЩСײһסʵûҹ𣿡 
СӱҳüֻǿûУūһֱû 
ٴαţȴ֪ټĿ꣬ѰܵطԾʱҵõ 
뵽Ծܣҵϲɵش˸ 
ҪԾҲԼĳطܳ͹ضкܾĴ㣡 
ͻȻ뵽һܲܣҲ 
Ծܿٶȸϵĵӭ濴߹һֳסæʣ 
ָָ䣬档 
һƿӭͷ˽ȥ 



Ŷһ̣пĻѡ 
 
˲䣬һСģذףشһվŵĻϡ 
ǹ̫ˣ̵ʲôҲ޷壬ֻһ˲Ҳסˡ 
ȻѪͻȻס˺⣬ٿʱǱذһ˵ڡ 
һʹʡ 
 
һѽ壬һ˵ϣһֻͼסǰѪҺ˿ڣͽ޹ʺɫܿȾ½ 
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ȴضЦˣȻԽҵתͷע⵽վں棬һԵĴ̿ѱƷڵء 
Ϻ޸ʵ 
ǿſڣһڣѪ˳԰׵Ĵһӡ 
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ܣ϶Ȼȵ 
ЦţϣشӦ 
޴Ӧ㣬ΪĻУ 
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ӦϣۿͿֲ֧סתͷϺ 
һĿ⿴ңͻȻЦָҵҪ޴ӦΪΪʲôܸϵôɵڴ̿ǰ棿ͨ̿ͣ޲òıвʩ֮ޣȻԶһϯ֮أޣȻֻЩҪӦŹһĲĵˣ 
ǣҰ˵ؿ˵ģҲ벻ĲҲǿǴʱ˿̣Ҳȥ˼ֻѡʹӶ 
ֻܳеһ˵ʹ࣬ѽ 
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Բ𣬶ԲһΣ޷Ϊ롣 
ãͻȻ۾޴Ӧ㣬 
ĻƺڷһѪ̲סŻ 
ΪãҲѪԭȾòӣֻῴҡ 
ᰡޣûԼ㣬Բ𰡡ȣǸٶ£ҲҵĸסֻΪôˡᰣʵͦáȣֻЩϧϧ 
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ϧʲô˵˵ 
ҵĻֻѾٻشˡ 
һʲô㣬Բ𡭡 
ΪʲôǽҪ 
ʵһֱӣһԺԶǸӣҲҪΪ¶ı䡣 
֣Ϊʲô¹һ 



һֱ֪˶ãֱһַֻŵҵļϡ 
عͷڵ˹ȥ 
ѹʱڴϣĿƵĴ᣺ͻϹĵ 
Ȼ˼ʮѡ 
ء 
ѹסļ磬Ѿˡ 
ҵشϣкĵ׾һƬã 
Ǹ̿أ 
ǵµʿͬ𹴽ᣬѶӦϴɱޣڼƻʧܣѹؽˡ 
ĶΪģһҲֵá 
Լһ 
ңҪ˵Щʲôվû˵ 
һҵúϢ 
ұۣۿ̡ 



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ܿˣתʱӰگ£Īϲ 
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ڵǶȫȫذŶԷҲһ죬Ҷ껪ȥѲҪеصΣҲտɶԼͻʱܹĳطҲǹҵǵҸ 
ѲˣȻȴҵĸ鲻ǰһվ˵ҵһϯ֮ء 
סҵ֣ᰶ޴һҲԭһֱӵķǿ˱Ķٿغܶǣ٣Զһʲô 
ҲͬĻѲҪ 



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Ӧò˰ɡ޴Ųĺ˺Ͳҡ 
𡭡 
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