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1 
ϢĿǵõ˴ҵһͬô棬Ǿһѡɡܱ׳Ļ⣬ñҵı༭һӳĬżʲôȴһ̿ԡҲһǳĬţȴе˷ܡ 
룬ĿרҵԱȽǿɽḻЧһЩ༭κȴ˳Ĭ 
κʦĳЩýԹ˾ȣȻʤһ˵˵ԼˣֻǻƱȴÿɷתδ̬ĴˣʲôҷſЩһᡣԵıһۣ򶨣ǵȴ׽ˣ̶ֻ뿴жٵ׼ͬһ 
֮̾ƱƵ̸Ʊ໰ޣ֮ȴԶ׼ٲദ룬ȴҲǱŲͬĹϵƾһ㣬Ȼױ̬ȵ 
ҾĳĿͦʵģᣬ뷨࣬һֱýģҪȽϻգ֪ߡܱѩƼЦŽ˵ӵתҵϡ 
һ㶣΢ɻĿ˿ȴ̹ȻһЦԵͷ˼תڹƱΪôȴֲ񣬻˵ڶѡ֪飿⵹Щ֣Ϊܱ࣬Ĵ£ƱӦͬͨģѵ˵ҪݣƱ˴ȨЩܡΣ˵أȴǲǣұģαѰա 
ţͬ⣬ϵֹҲû˵дĲɷø弸ƪƪкãҺһЩרңͷĽԱϵȽϷ㽻ҹϵһ򲻴Ļ 
΢΢һЦȴǿЦǵľټҸжȴʵΡҳƬ̣Ǿܣ̫ˣǻԣĿҪԽרҵȱȽϸߣ롭 
δ䣬༭Ⱥ˵С˵Ķ԰СĿҲ־Ľ֮һĿܻ̫ˣ˴ʧ˾ͲˡҾûǱƺһЩڸĽ̳Ŀĺܲõ˺ܶʦߵ֧֣Լ֯רҲǺаġ 
Ųݸ֪һǻƱңȵõϢǴ˾˼ĹսˣѹȻʲôҪĿȴõƱΣҲʵ 
ҼѼ̬ԼȻΧƱƺκ˭ǸвȴЦЦֻٷԣҲ˿ 
۸ڶʱߵıǰΣ΢΢һЦ׼ȻеɳƵɤ̻صڶߣлʦƼҲϣлĿȻҵľ˵ĸλʦȻ˺̳ܶ࣬һʱ䣬ϺʵҲֱӴĶߣд󲿷ǽʦ˽ǵ뷨Ҳ˽ִ״ܶ࡭һ˵ȳϿֲ飬΢ˣǵͷͬκҲ´޴ġΪζѹֻƱñƵΣҲ϶ɿˣֱʵ֪ʶӾӶȺ޵ڷء 
˷Ե£˳µĳΪĿࡣ˽²ҲֻñԴˡ 
ո߳ң㱻ץţθ칫ңţҪͬ͡ 
ϰ㣬ʲôѵһýıƣԹؽԼƤϡ 
Ȼǲ֪ģﰵ̾Ҳ˵ˣĺ£ֻѹƱشҺαֿԣ 
˵ɣ͵ֱǰ㣬˫֧Ű칫֪֪ζʲôλõĽӰˡҲ֪ҿˣϻڿŸܱλ˭ˣ󣬲ָӡԣĿһǴһҲǱӰˡһֱ㣬˭֪ȴ׾Ͱѻø˱ơ 
һȻΪƱβǸһҪĿȴԭи塣ֻǱԼ·ǰ鼤ĸ˱˵ƱҪƸġ 
üͷ˻֣ûе£ϣ뿪ˣʹˣĴ£ߵþۺɢѾˡ 
֮ȻųѹƱ־һֱľΪ룬ȴδ߲ľءˣοңǰ֮ҸģȥҲֻͽЦ÷¡ǷݹֵýͶڴˡ 
һĬ̾˿£ˣˣǶԵģٶ࣬ͷҲˡ㻹ᣬҲûһӡ 
һʤ˵ҸᣬҪ˵Щʲôȴ־οͬʵͬƭƭѵĻ԰ˣֻתƻ⣬ʲôʱȥҳԷҿ˺ܾˡ 
һЦСضһڼҲǸԣҲ³Գɸӣ޲ȥ˵պŮľָֻ˼֣ҲİǾˣָҲڻ£ֻüӲȥįҲֻԼƽˡ 
ƴڻ˵ЩɵĻҽڹҪȥͷȥɣǵһҼҳԷСؿ˵˺üΣءЦӦţ˳⡣ 
2 
صӿƤ·߽ԡңϰ°ȳ裬·ϴһ¶ˣڼĽɫ 
ʱѾ콫ˣߣ߶ıӰʮɡҵˣҲͬˣϵ㲻ռ̫ǿĳлĳŮ΢׽ٴеȱԲƣôʵһǳˡ 
Էඡϱкű߽˶ 
ôˣʲô𣿡ҿβס˷ɻ 
к¡ڲյסȳԷ 
νʼ磬ӿʼԷ 
ιιʲô˼˵һ䲻˵Ͳˣδ̫˰ɣСһĽš 
ĲˣЦˣһΪ̵극 
ӣǹЦ׽̹ʵûһ㱣ÿһ㱨ٺͷѾйο˿ĵ£ôס˵ҲˣǵԱôõͬӹϵӵѿ̫࣬Ψм򵥿Ծ 
ʲô° 
һ¹벻֪ 
ô죬ǰ˵ҪģѾҵµˣ 
Ȼ˲˭ҪʵͿʼˣһϲ 
ҵҲ⣬ʲôɾϲġҹϲɡ 
ٺ٣²ҵ¹ǳ磬вôɣϵЦţЦݡ 
žؽϣС 
Ϊʲôϲؿҡ 
˵ΪʲôӦңǵĹϵ 
һ繤ǵĹϵûгͻɣֻһʲô 
ûܱ֤İһȥ־һһ֪κιڹвζ޶ãôҾͲԡ𣿡ӣ˷Ž׻ϡ 
⡭.ҡ..ͷ 
ܣ԰ɣǾȥҷݱĹ˵Ҳ꣬ɼȻȥĳ磬־磬úܡҸ˵ųȥԱҡ 
һҪӦ˵ЩſԸһطôҿǼ 
ҵͷЩʹ¿ûгȥ¡Ȼ䣺㣬ǵסһʱ˵ĻȻЧ 
ʧȥѪɫתص˷䣬ţ 
ʱദ˽꣬ļҪ£ҰļңһϣҶ˵ȻһסˣЩҾ˵ǰ档ƭ۲ɢˣһɣһ̰ߣҪʲô͵͵ľֹֻƲ㡣Ҫһ㣬ҪǵĹϵܣ벻Ҫκ͸¶ϵع⣬Ǿֻһ·ߣ֡㶼ûĻǵ¹ϵʹӽ쿪ʼЧ 
ʱ΢Щŭ⣬ùڵһСרһڶ˵ңҲԸ˵ĻҲԵСġ 
УʵΪƲסԼĴմǸԣȻҲΪ˸ִһƬ֮ģ㲻ٿܻ˳ȹβͬһλЩʲôƱǣǵ˸۵ġ 
ڴϣڰ֧̳ǷͶҲǲҲй񰮵ʱǷݲһбȽй֮޲ֻǲʹĹң˼һ˵áǹ²ŽаĳʱֻǾغ˵İ޵ĿռǸõѡ 
ҲֻǾĵ˽⣬ȥպ·һһ統ˡ 
źڰŷ˵ͷҵֶ̻ұֱֱǰ̾ϢϨ̣ſ΢춯Ųȥ۾ţϣڹִſ㳤裬ڰִȴԭٳɳЩǡ 
ϧҴͷԣвǱ༭ʱҲȻҲΪսĥľģٺȴȻˡ 
޷ֻö˳һЦݶҲЦĶңֻж˿ֻϣŸӵƴ֡ 
ЦЦؽ۹ϴأҵϣ⣬޶ãֻרۼӣЦ˶˵ų฾ȴ֪˸ϲ̽˽ĳЩʱΪĳĿأ±Ů˻ġ 
һԸɡ 
ƳһۣףôҲҴ˰ɣɲõ˿Ĺά֮ǣòһʵʲôôľܾز᲻ 
ȴϣЩ˵ǹ°ɣﲻ㡣 
˵£ȷû˾ܾɣȻĮҪĽȴҪӦԣϾαɵһԶΪ΢΢˵ͷʱص㣬Ҿȥ 
յϢС鷳ˣ 
ûԼϳԷ̸¡ 
ɣտԷ޺簡ĸҪ 
Цѵᱸ¾Ʋɣ̲סҪ㴩Ϸ£㱣ڣ 
Ǳ߳ĬһִϢ¾ͲˣҪһ߱㵹ǿСΪ棬̲סһЦظܵǰעĿ⣬ǿЦ⣬ص˵ģ¶Ƶģ̸̸ܰϵ¡Сֵġ 
˸Цٶ˵ 
Ҹ̾Ϣɰ飬ľˣֻĵʱҲǲɣٹ꣬ôãͬ칫ڵĴһĥµֻԼȤˡ 
3 
ڱƶ棬ڳʱףҲĳšԵò࣬мֻ̣Ƕ˾ȡ 
ƽ͵س극Ҳ˵ˣȴٳٲڣ͸ӵҵĻǿУ ˵л˵ 
·һ㶣Աˣ 
ҵͷʾ˵ˡ 
ȴһЦôǼﻹ˵Ȱɣ 
ҴʱԷûккһΪ³ͻȻһҲΪ֪β˴ϰľͷۡˣԼһҲá 
Ȼ˵ȰŮҲͬǽһ¡ 
һȻЦݣأڻˡ 
ҳ֮⣬ټ⣬̫绻طҲ˵ 
ﲢԸܵĻȷǶУĲҵʵĺ𣬵ɾеģĹӵ˳Էʱ䣬ϯŶӵȺ־Ҫ徻˵˵Ҳʵû˿ܡ 
˵ͷֻͻȻϱϣԱ˵һȥӵ绰 
ι 
ϣҡǷϡ 
Ȼ£ơ 
Ǹϣ㻹ؼҺòãҲи͵Ļᡣ 
첻˵úˣľҲȨ棬ֻҪŵԾͺˣαؽ͡ 
ĬãŻش𣬡òãлҪ˵ֻһζĵͷСԵЩˣͻȻҲǲùðɡ 
һҸͬԷһȥ 
ͬ£𣿡 
̾˿ҶǳӣиԵͬ£罻Ȧӣû˭Ҫ˭ָƵģҪ²֪ĵزҲǷ֮ˣֺαض྿ 
ǣЩڼҺúһȥҪ˵ʲôˡ 
¹һվ΢УЩ㱣ҵʲôһζ룬Ϊƽ޲ضȹô 
һ£ʲôأ߰ɣȥõط 
ͷԭǱƣͷǰȥܿһ俧ſڡ 
һǰһ˽ȥڿڵһλߣǸһȡ 
ȻǸõطֲӵ̨򳤻͵İľ̨Կɳյյȴ̨ƣˣ˵Ц̬⣬Լҳ̸աصҲߣ¶΢Ц 
ôɣϲĵطƱ˵¶һЦݣЩġ 
š⣬ƿʵڲϲ־Ӽˡ 
ֱ˵˰ɣϣҽæġ 
æ 
ǣҲ֪ҽĿѹʵͦģʮҳרҡЩȣǳ˵ԼеĻǶ֪ƾĿǰ״ƾһ̵֮ʱһ˵ͷĿ΢΢һ˸㲻Ȼ˵ѿȴʵܰһ𣿡 
ܾĻߣȴˣҲû˻һһˣûеڶλᣬκ鲻ŹôôĻᡣʱĴ 
ȻнϵˣһŬҲǿģһé®ʽʲô˳Ϊд⼫Ǳı༭˿๤ġ 
ǰﻹǲأš 
֪Ҫ˵̫ΪˣϾ㻹ԼİҪ˿ܻ˵ġ 
ҺֺЦôĿ˸ȫû˻ϵƣԼд۵ĺۼЩҲֻǸӣʹͬܵܲɣ˺ȴ޷ճ 
˵ʵҲ֪ԼĿ˵ǻѵãҲеʱȫһѾаյĿϣҾֻиսŻ̼ԵСΣҲƸ۰ɣĽǴְѡ 
Цߡ 
ҲЦˣ࣬ҵŬ 
ˣҰ㣬ϲƳɹ 
Ʋ˼ͷʵҲûǸ˼ֻʵˡ 
Ҳ֪ʵһңƱ࣬Ҳ޷̣־ⶫˣдֽĶ˵Ļԣ־ȥĨɱġ֪ôΪ־ֻΪ˱ǷִţҲйִţȻ˼Уйĸо޷ҲԶĨɱģΪҵΪˡ顣 
ѽĻ׿˹ֻˡұϱǸȤ̸ϤĶܶ࣬еģɵģ壬֣Ӱĳ̶ֳȵо죬㲻طѾĻһ⣬Ҳص̸ġϵң⣬Ǹɵҹ 
ϧκ¶޷ӱܵģڿȹſƸʱ֪ʱˡ 










4 
ţڿɳϣصƾɢŻƵĹâӰԵЩ㲡 
ϣˡ 
š 
ҽƤ϶ɳϣԥһ£Ǿ̸ȥϴ裬ԼҲ֮ 
ˣһǾȥϰ࣬ұ֤Բй¶ǵĹϵ𣿡 
ûʲôԵ£ȻҪȥҲûʲôɣǵĳŵͺˡҵȻܹҲԸȴ޷ȥ档 
ϣûΪʲôҪһ繤 
ҳϦԣ𣿡΢з⡣ 
Ͽҵĳ۾ʧƽյͿʣЩϣҲ̵ŭǣ˵û㳯ϦԣΪʲôҪƵҲòˣ 
ұ㣿⻰Ӻ˵Ҽʱйʾʾ߾޷ˣǺģ˭ϲʱʱڱ˵۹ˣҲҪҿռġ 
ǣǣ㣬ң˰ɣû˰ɣͻȻŭ˻ţ輸ϵĶҵɨ£ԱߵصҲ⣬صصڵϣॵľ졣 
ڰУһƬã̾˿αˣԭǺܺôΪʲôһҪǿ࣬ٶģҸǡ 
Ӧ˺ڰվȴһǿӲ˵ɳϣߴϳصĺ 
ϣ뿪ҡ 
ֻȥƣ˳㵹ˮҶˣСı 
ߡĴȵطҵգҵĴҵļͷΪʲôƢͣСһĿҡҸһԺ㹲ͬˣûιңû˵ҡٴΣҲ΢ЦΪĬϣҾͷ顣˵Ҵֻһɣûκ塣 
ֱҪģ죬ȻԭǴ˼ȴҲڲ֪й㣬ֻǺܶ໰ܶ˼ܶ޷˵һ˺Ͱһ˶Ҫʱģ׷Լҵĸ顣 
죬ȴں 
ϣϣΪʲô˵Ϊʲôң˵˵òԡ˵ʲô˵˵ĲģҲ֪Լɳʲô 
һ鴤죬̧ûѹס֣ḧĺ󱳡ϣҵĴҲûظʱ򣬽ԭҶ˲˽ɣҪ¿ʼȴɱ˺㡣 
ϣû취һǣû취֣Ҫֻڼ뿴ÿһ档ҲôϵŵļͷЩʪ΢Щô 
ĬУԼԸ⣬һϰɣֻǡҪСЩ 
Ӵӵסұ۾վֲִţȻĵ޵󣬵ǰȴ޷ֿ˵ 
һҹǾɳϿҰڰУסҵ֣ٲϷſصײУ˲Ҫģô׼һпܵĺɡ 





ĸ磬ôˣһ綼޾ɵġʳʵ 
΢һЦΣû¶û˯á 
Ŷˣ㵽ʲô¶ 
ûʲôһҶչ˰ˡ˵ţ봫ЩǷǣڱƣæײǼֵÿĵ¡ 
Ŷ˵Ҳ֣ôţƱεĲֺģˡڻķ߷ߣǺͱͬʱ־ģʱΪֻͺ̫ⲻ˶ЩգһֱмģԴ˴϶ֻĿȥв졣 
ǣĹϵҪˣչѧŵɡҳŷصúܣҹ̫ˣЩ΢ա 
ֲЩ 
ʲôʱ˵зչˣԱѧˡ 
һνӣ㲻Ҵ꣬ôһ־ûС 
Цؿ˸־־ڴ˶ѣ㲻һȻαһһĸĸӣ˸廹һ޳ӣ 
ĸ硭㡭ᣬһżȤĺܣЦ׽Ū 
˺ˣЦˣ㻹ԼŬɣδǺ£һʧȥһο̤ʵɳʱ䡣 
ҲףֻǲʱģһȣҶе㼵ʰɡε˵Լ飬ػҪ̹ʣӣʵѵãֻǣ»ܶ۵ġ 
Щ飬ͺˣ˵ġ 
ĸ磬һװʲôΪôɵ˭˭˵ѽ 
һЦҲ̲סЦ 
˵ʲôأô֡κŲҵԱߡ 
һۣ룬ôƫƧĽ䣬Ȼ˹ʵǡ´˵Ҫ㵽¥̨ϲźá 
Сİܲ쿪ûƳҲһ֡ 
ͣ¼в˵֣ɻؿʦ⻰ʲô˼ 
ף㲻˵㲻֪ɣһƱ˵ҪһϢĿ˵ƱѾӦˣܿҪ̸ 
Ȼû̸ô֪΢Щŭ⣬Ǹŵ밵һѣбҪѵô³вʧܵΣ 
˵СģĿɾˣƾűƺͻƱĹϵƱ϶ģƽҲǳ¶ãҲСĲҪ˼ҵϸ㼸꣬£ҿɿöˡǡ 
˵ʲôţƺͻƱʲôϵĸƨ£˵ĸ粻һĿһҲǰСӣĸ¡ϡŭվϵĲЩƷˡ 
æһֹ˵ʲôĻһۣҧҧ˵˾䣬ҳԱˣ˦ˡҺЦؿıӰոջ˵˭˭ô̹ףƢˡ 
תͷκЦЦллʦôģʱ䣬ǿĿɣ˵ж߷ӳĿ̫࣬Ѿҳ涨ͱ׼ˡȲְ׵Ҷſڵķȥ 












5 
ûмȥҾֱ˰칫ңʱֻһڵԣҪҵıơ 
ƣһ£¸˵ 
áҲҪ˵ 
˵̨˷ֲ֪ܵοˣǷԲŲ뽫ôҲµʧܵζԵųˣĿͶԶĸ¥΢΢ţԽ鷳Խ鷳 
ϣƱ˵һĿ¶Ǹûõͬ⣬ȻͬˣҲֻûлر㿴ʲôʱпն̸̸ѡ£˳ٶһԼ˵룬ģһԲòʡ 
㡭ֹ 
ҵ۾ɫǲǣ˵ʲôˣɬһЦҾ֪Ҹ˵ʵġʵˣٿңʵƱδĽҽ¸¾ҪˣҲΪϵҲܵõᣬΪʲôŬʲôֺֻҽˡ 
ҳĬصͷ֪˵ʲôźãֹϵĴڣȴ޷Υĵ˵οĻΪԭҲʵ 
ֻ۹Ʋ¶֣Ī뵽ʵԲ˵ġ 
˵ںڣҲ׵ģģƱǱ㲻ùǣһ͵ġ 
΢΢һЦĻ 
ҼȻӦ˾Ͳڵġ㣬Īôģҵרҵţǽҹ׼ɡ 
׼õĿȻһЦɷҫۣš 
һ¥߱ѡ£ֱصλǷֱͬ־صıĻ⣬ʶģڽΪרҡԱʦ°ǰöѡԼˣһߣҳ˿Ǻþûһˣо㲻 
Ǹˣӱ˼·ݣ׵ĵط΢ָסȷʣµıԼ壬߸ͱ༭ˣⷽӦö̫⡣ 
ĬĬţתͷʱƺֻʣҡڲԶˡ飬ڵˡЦҲˣɡ 
ʰö߹ȥӣҪӰ𣿻Ǻһߡ 
Ťؿһۣʰ˶ 
߳ţϰߵֶҪվƴȴؿϵĳͣǲԶĵطȻҲңЦҵͷתͷûע⣬ͷĬĬظҵĺ棬˿쵽ǰ΢΢ҡҡָָ棬ʾһҲˣ˳ְ̾˿ 
ôˣߵߡ 
û£㲻ˣ 
ĸ磬סȻʲôҲ˵ҸôģǸĿҲˣΪʲôҪƣ˵ʲôһ׵ؾҪĳţԼɡǻƱѹҲôˣҲҳ㣬Ҫģ 
ǰȥ˵ǻƱ࣬û̸Ǳ˵ġ 
״Ӧˣ㣬ҲȻƱ̸ô֪Ҳô˵ġ 
ͷЦЦȻҪα飬˵úܳϿңҲٶЩ༭ѿãҾʹӦˡ 
ȻĿңˣƲôµģĸ磬ǰɣ 
ḻʡˡҲӦҪˣͺװɡ 
Щˣ˵ú˵ʲôͽƱ࣬ԲŶСϸӵģ˵㿪ʱ˵Ϊλƣʲôʲôģ߰ġĸαΪ˱˵أüͷ 
һЦ˭ܱҸ˽ǶôĶ񶾣ǶôĸӣֻԲܴĳϣյԸܡ 
ĸ𣿡 
Ȼǣôô룬ֻ㱧ƽòš 
ǲˣֻĸ磬Ȼ㲻ţʲôô 
ĸ硭 
ôأƺһֽжĪ 
һθ˵ôĻ 
СӣҺЦ꣬ƺҲǵһҶԿɳ֮ΪѵˡиҼõۣһҧҲ˶༸ֽ䱸ֻ˾ҪĶһڵĹػ׽ʱܹ˺Ҳû취ܾ 
Ǻ㵱ֵܣαݡ 
ֿĸ磬Ͳ˵ģ˵߶Ҫ 
ǻãһᾡ߶ƵĲݡ 
ĸҰɣҪɱˡ˵סҲӣȴů˴ǰ͵ܵܵϷѵõûоܾ 
һ·Цߵ˵վҲΪ֮ĿǶûн⡣ 
6 
˵վתҪȥҪ·ʱȴϿųͣҵǰ 
ϳɣﲻͣ 
ҿٵ˳һΪȻȥˡ 
ȲһֱںšƵػش 
һֱǸղҺ֣Ҳˣѹֲô˵ӡԺҪһȥɴ绰ңȻҼӰĻҪյȺܾˡ 
ôôʵĺϷ̡ 
һϣ˵ЩĵĻ 
ٳĬؿų 
Ŀһ̵ֱּϳԹڵԹʱסҲ֣ȥ˯ɣû˯á 
áҴع˵ԣʵҲ۵ 
ӱӵ뻳ϣ׽ 
˯ʣܵܡ 
ǿűЦͲ§Ĳӣ㡭 
ȥˣҾȥܹһ˻Ų 





Ҳ᳷κ˵ 
ΪѵؿҡԭͻҲǳеģ༭ͬһ˲ͬĸӣĸܱЭһ˻壻ԭһҲνģβͬλʦǽרˣԼĲɷø壬ڲ±ñ־ȻҶʦҲ޷ģκʦǰЩдһƪģȻĿվӰ̫ 
Щ֪֪κҲ֪ȴһ̬ĸ۵ľܾ壬Ǹйذɡ 
ƪӣҲܳɷøʱԵģԵĸûУҵɡҼţá 
ԥţԶ׼κ飬˵ֺһʱ޷ϣɣٿһ£Ǵ𰸡 
źҳĬűصλκסңСİղŵ㲻ҪȥȫΪ˹ҲǾ° 
ϰߵ΢ЦȴĲмǲΪǶ֪αãʦ˼Ҳһ²ˡص˵֣ҲԸٷܣȥ 
ԷʱĻ֪ԭκִѾ־ڽ֪ˡЦһԷ˵ĵطǷǣǷǵĵطͱбӹעˣǶѴͶڹϣҿұҪȫͶˣϧЩ޷첻Ľͷԡ 
Щģû°ɣĸ磬㻹ǵһθĥ벻һƢҲôֵʱ򡣡 
ֲֵģֻǶ߸ΣҲԼĿ־Ρ 
Ӧò᳷ĸɣ 
ӦòᣬǴӹĽǶ롣 
˵⻰ʱʵû뵽౳ʲôΪƶǸˣжϡֻһϴˣϾֻ˸ʱŻˡ 
ǸϣҪĸ塣ƽ˵ 
ЩԼľȣΪʲô벻ܳѾ˵úˣʦǱҲ˵ȥģȻƪҲģɱϾƪ㡣 
ףʦǱ߻ȥһ£˵ǸڻһרӦûġ 
Щ꣬ȫԭѵ岻øҸĿŷ𣿡 
У˵ɣǷ̸Щùڼ񣬶ʦشҲ̹ʣýӦñ 
ԭˣأ 
ѹ͵ɤ˵жΣȷʵϻƵ˼Ҳȡˣˣ˽Ҹ˵Ĵ⣬˾ŲʮκĸϻƵʦڻXXУĽڣڽҲǸ绽ڣˣΪһƪӵκġ 
һͷôţֱһ͸Ц 
ˣҲǸС༩˻ƪˡлл࣬ҳȥˡνıҳİ칫ңȴһʧ 
Ҳ֪Լһ͹صԭѽڵģ޷˵Լȥ沨ˮɫƵİͷվȣȴǱɫ׸ǹ˺ԴϢ 
칫ҵ˲߹ˣڵǰŸӣƪ»ĸҲ 
ĿѾͨ˵ĸӣ΢ЩĶ㿴£ûˡ˵Žһӵݸҡ 
ţлˡûߣ 
ǰҪҪȥ̨֧ 
ҲãϢһ¡ 
վ̨ϣĬĬĳ̡ 
ƪӶѣôİɣ 
Ǹӵ⡣ǡ 
ΪκǻƱﲻˣԲŻС㡣ϴΪĿ£κѾܲˣǴζңҲû취λͲͬˣô 
΢Щȣ漴ȻЩȻ׵ġ 
ѽҺʧ 
ϣȻְϣ㾿̫Щ 
ЦôֵϿô 
³̣ҲЦˣʵ˵ˣ㲻ɣߡ㲢һܶණףԽ̵Ŀѧģף㲻мȥԣѰˡ㴦ĻȴӣֻдݺѪˡ 
ôô 
ΪһʵûУǺǣûҰģԲ̫ѹ 
˸۹⿴ҹ˼ͨ͸ѹĸоǱ˽ĳ졣ֹţǺþò̸ĵԵʡ 
˵˼ˣЦЦ 
̾ϢţԶĸ¥˺ĻУ̨Ҳû谵ζ˵Ϣ˿˿Աǻǰƺ׽ࡣǰ˵ˣҴżˣû취ǸĲˡ 
߽һ޷ӣʵøģܺáŬȴ᲻ֶΣΪԼ϶ȷȥȡ۽ΣѾǼ׵ˣҲܣҺ͡ 
ľ룬΢΢һˣЦ˵ûŰɣ˵ҺʹߣʵΪԼƽˡ 
һЦĿȴЩ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôתˣ̸ʱüˣ֪ȥˡ 
ҵͷ̽ı飬һ¥ҵĹ 


















7 
ϣЩϰô 
ҼЩֵؿ˿ϣʲôô 
ҵ˼˵ûзʲô£˵ģǡ˵ģģȴҷ˴ǵС 
˵ʲô𣿡ɻѵ˵ҵʲôܴвǱ 
е˵ҹȥģǱˡǡҪ˵Ҳ֪ġǣǸһεìܣ󻹳ܱǶ˵أ̲סʡ 
ˡҲһ㽫Ķæܵϴּ䡣ŵҲ̸㣬û°ɣЦûãôֱ飿 
ϣЦòڵϡ 
ϿЦõİҷϣЦˣ㵹˵ѽô£ 
Цҹ˵ѵû˵ǻ𣿰칫ﶫˤһء 
سˣ 
Σյһˣ¹ңǿЦģæ˵ôܣҿЦġ 
˿Ц˵ɣô£ 
ʵû£Ϊƪ˵ִҳ˸ûˡ֪ˣҲ˵ƫϷŹһֱ׷ʣΪʲôҪҳ壬ǶԷ 
ҿЦţ˭֪ҵĸ̫ˡ֪ģҲС 
һƺҵĽͣҲ˵ʲôΪ¾ǹȥˣɲ֮ȴҴһ 





ЩţƱ˵죬ȥ˷вһˣΪ̸Ще飬ȴջ񣬾ǰŵϡȿ˵ 
ͬһҲһɻ󷭿Ƿϣֻҳѣȴλ˾ģȫǷвĶ߶־ݵÿĿУ˵ҲΪʮֱֵףֱࡣ 
Ĳȥϸķ˷ϣȻֻκĿﵽһҳϣʾǰԢ༭ѡѡʧ󣬶ĿģһרҵʿĻЩֹȻĸ༭δҲ̫ɺϣ˵κĿδöôãһôñӿ۵ֳժãô˵Ҳֵúܡ 
ˣҲ쿴ˣʵԭǱ쳵ҷǽҪ߳ȥмȥʦмȥǽأ 
ȻģڿѵΪԼǹ̬⣬ôֵȶˡ 
⻰ǰкģκ飬ɫְ׵ģʮֵѿƱ಻Ϊһƪȥκ飬ȴҲΪκȥߣԤУκ»᲻ùˡ 
ԺҪвǿϵǱϾ߽ӴĶ࣬ţЩӣһרŰһۻᣬͬºúġˣ͵ɢɣκ飬һ¡ 
½˻ңһͬСԱߵ˵κزˣ֪ʲôˣ˸ȥҲԼƽʱĿģץôѱ 
͵Щ򣬲ǡ. 
ʲôأվҡ 
Ŷû¡ 
пȥһ 
ܲУϻе¡ɡ 
Ƶ˵ͷһȥλ˼Ƭ̱ɶ϶±ϵĽҲ⡣֧Ŷͷϣȫг⡣ġ͡ôܵҲʶôɣ費ְɣɲԲҪңԼĹɲԼ 





һɳϣʲôҲûʣֻޱضŵӣЩʲôȫȻ֪ 
ϣϣ 
ţػӦ 
ôÿѾĿתĶһСʱˣҼǵǰַģ 
ڷܣţŮǻƯ 
ƯϣѵϲŮˣƼٵİҵļ硣 
֣Цͷܵ¶ûС 
ϣе㲻ԾӦø˵𣿡 
ԵùЦݣߣΪʲôҪˣСˣֻѵôȤ 
ڵվʲô˼ 
ʲô˼˵𣿱˵ƱӷвûǼֽĽ 
ģΪʲôҪ˵ǡҪ־͹Լ⣬Ҳ˼ѿͿһʲôʸ 
ֱ׳ᣬת˺ͻĿϣ⣬ָҲûʲôĶֻйìܲģ㲻ҵԼȻҾúѿûһ𣿡 
ɳϣִҵļͷḧţϣ鷳ôԹۡοһºͣ㱻۸Ҳ˵ʲôҲģֻЩ¡ 
ΪʲôأЩͣҲҪ 
ҪʲôҿͲҪ˴ڰɣΪ㻹Ҫҳ㵽ʲô˼ǲǣ㡭ϲϱˣǸ𣿡 
ɴ۾˵ĻʱֻϧİεŬͽͺĻֻ 
ҲǸͨ˰գеĻɡҵĸ顢ҵĲΣô֮νǷݵġ顱ʲôֵάϵ 
ȻЩ룬һİţҪ빤ж͸Ӱӣʱ޿̲ڵĹģΪʲô͸ĸоٸоԼһˣĳ 
һҪ˴ʧ˴Ϣ֮һҪԷߣûһ룿 
ɷ߷ߵӣֻĳһģĶ£Ϊ 





8 
ƵһθϢĿ־ڳˣ־Ц춼ϲ£ˡľȤһǺܹƵģż¶ĺʵĴˡ 
ֱվ̨ϳʱϻǸδȥЦݣϣ־ڳˡ֪ЩӵĴУ嵽˺죨ӡˢǰһУһܱܱҶĥҴûôûʧҺãһж˳һ־ӡˢǰоϱ༭ȫĵͨʦ˵Ŀúܲ 
˵˼ҲЩοֻǻûһȫͶ룬˷ҲǴ۵ġðɣ㸶ܻõر 
鲻áʣǿ϶˵ 
ﻹֻ̣ûʲôֵø˵¶ѡ 
ΪκǼ£еز²š 
һҹʣκʲô£ 
Ĭһ˵㲻˵ˣֻһֱܷƵӣţҸġ 
һʱܸĹģЩȴ޷ԣεգץһ޵˵˳ʵҲûʲôҵܵҪˣ˵ҪְͣУסĵط㣬ҷӣΪء 
һ£ܿЦԭ˵ҾзӿԽܸס 
ŶʲôطΣϲţȴġʵӶ˵ңѵֻҪδǶȻԵܵΪɣֻƢ޷ˡ 
ʵǴκ޼յִҾڿǰҵˣҪڿռʱ뿪һյķ͸顣ԭһֿɶĶ̫ƻ淶̫ᵼͷԺ͸ΪЩ룬ñ˴ܹվԶĵطϸԷǷԼ밮ˣǷֵԼ˶кô 
ȻҲֻҵĿϱزͬѾҪʱҲֻǿӲԶˡ 
ϣ㵽û 
ţӣҵ뱸뵥λԶ٣ 
ǺǣʵһݵķӣԿ׾ȻҵطҲáʲôģҲ飬ͿŸɣҸиˡ 
𣿡 
Ȼܷ㣬ʲôʱᶼԣѸͶһЦϡ 
ҲԾƾЩ飬Цͬˣ㰴֪м۸ʲôʱпգȴȥӰɡ 
š˵ͷ 
ܿڸ°󣬱ƾҪȥ绰ϣֻ˵λ£Ҳ׷ʣȥˡ 
λĳλļȻԾЩⲿȴǺܺãɾࡣӱҲ⣬ֻסˣɨء˵ܺãôɾݻȴɨˣ̫鷳𣿡 
Ʋ˼ЦЦЩŤ˵Ǹʵʰһ¡ 
Щȣתݸϸġ 
һ죬֣ϲ裬ﲢûĶҲδҪȥð죬Щаա 
ϲ裿 
ǰﲻô 
áɡЧģųֿտСʺϸ衣 
١ͬ˵һ֣ӲЦ 
ЩϲԭҲϲĸ裿 
ЦЦƳһۣ⻰Ӧǣϲ֣ᣬΪϲһЩȽ³ĸ֡ 
ҲϲٸرĸоͲģɫͲɣˣﻹ̣ҪҪ˷ܵ˵š 
ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ 
Ʒֱɳϣŵĸڷлʣһ˫ڸο˽񾭣һһֻ˷ɵؿɳϣֱ꣬Ҳѵؿ˿ʵЩˣٲߣûˡ 
Ҫȥˣأ 
վҽͲˣ̫ˣպһҹˣԿ㣬𣿡 
ҵͷ׼ţִֵظں棬ҪҵվҿһֻǲҲɵˡ 
·һֱڿǣҪͬ˵ҵ¡վſڣ˽ȥ 
һˡ 
ɳϿ飬̧ͷң΢вڻˣԹ𣿡 
Թˡ 
Ŷ׺͡ 
ͷԵġ 
ʲô 
ϣҪȥѾҺˡ 
˵ϣΪʲô 
ҵܵҪˣҪУǳסҲס֪ģ..˻ѣ֪ǡԣ˷ӡ 
ûҪֻ˵Ѿͺˣֵᷢġ 
ҿЦ˵ԼûյĻҵܵܲɵϡ 
ҲһҪҲɣҴܵסôˣסһ鲻Լô 
ز죬Ҳܷһסġ 
ǡ֮ҲͬߣΪ쳳ܵ±Ϊ˵ 
ԱߣʾɹŻ˳ӵĽͷҵĴϣɵɳϡ 
ϣòãһϰǳܵĴƵ˺ܶࡣ־ıʩԭ˵꣡ϸ룬˵£Ȼ˶дǷ÷ʡһԼ԰һΪܵܣһ棬ҲΪˡ 
ǵǰûסһôÿ糿һ绰𴲣ʱ˰ңһȥԷżĸ˵סҹһÿӶǿϧġ 
أ˶ˣŭٹǶԷĸܣǳܵʱóȻԻָԭദɽأʱ˵Ļ˭ȫǣպʱʱ𣬱ϵһ̣βϣ̵ǵˡ 
彥Ҳ־ͷϣⴧʲôҲᾡ·ﲻͬ˵֮ǰǷֿסɣӦڵĶԷô 
û˵ţ֪˶ãΪֳĬܾҵҪʱļŵ˵áȻסҡ 





9 
Ȼǿͬ˰ҵ£ǾСҪʱſϷҹȥͬӵ죬ֻһʱ䣬ϸϸƣҵвĿؿʱִæתߣҸĪҲԸȥ׷ʣԣúõĴӦҰףֺαȥѰգˣװ֪ 
վԾİķЩһƬĺɫСĻ𳵵ʵģȴ޷ƵĽţ·ҪĲСܣһۼ֤Ҳ֮ 
΢ЩţҴ죬Ժú÷ԭһţ˽ȥֵĸ 





Բ ɢ 
̲סͷ ʣµֻƬ 
ת ϰ 
ǿ ӲŵԶ 
Щһת ޶޹ 
ȥķ һжƽ 
һź Ҹûд 
ܼ ˭ܹƽ 
ȥ̾ ҪЦŰ 
ҹǸѹ įҪ¸ 
. 
ɵɳϣһڸпʱӰӣ׸أһʱüͷ滺ģƽģбƽյ䵭ʱı飬һһ鷴ʱҸЩʲô 
ϰߵĵһֻ̣£һжƣģַɵİȫСҽָƽһȤĴڣ޴ڵļֵȴɳΪϵĻìܵĴڰɣˣҲһ 
³һ̣΢п⣬ˣʱ죬֪ĸΣ֪СΣ֪ʱ񡭡ΡȥжظϣʼһµµңȴɹֻСܵϢʹƽߣ˵ףҲǸֻӱܵųˡ 
ǣųأ˵ҶԲںΨʱʹʱʧʧȥͣǸжԿһе 
޹ʱΪ뿪Ϊҷж޷Ѱҵ˿ټľ뿪ֻʱ仺ţұķ֣ʵĲʱ񣬶ңһֱΪǣԻ鴳ȴԻջˡ 
ûңʱԻúõĴѧﵱʦɣȻְˣϾвŻУҲǻúչİɡ 
ģܺڡ 
ϧһУ̫١ 
ұ۾о˿۽ǻڶϣġ 





վ˳ӿĳվиԶԶһ֣ҹһЦ⣬Сûˣı仯ȻСüĿԾɱϤҵĵܵĳɽܡ 
硭ɽһѽ§ס˲ĳ嶯ȥʲȥȥ룬ȴԾ޷ϾҵֵܣŹͬѪҺʱΨһֹ֧ҵˡ 
ɽܣ㳤ˣҲ׳ʵˡҸŵܵܵı˵ 
ɽץסҵļý̰ĿңҲ˵磬ȴˣҲˡ 
һЦҽӹ§վȥ 
ϣǲԼͬı˳Ĭ̫ò̫໰֪Ӻ˵ֻϸϸԷüۼѰʱ⵽˴˲ı仯 
סأȥųɽܵɽȲظؿȥֱɳЦʱ߹˿˵Ҫúܶ࣬ҺûȥҲɽˡ 
һЦݣǣ𣿡 
ãǣ磬ղٽһôɽСʡ 
ЦǣԸġ 
ɽܼŽֵͣƢ㻹֪ô㹫֤һֱںڣ˵ڣֻڼҷƢֻޣûߵò֪٣صĻᶼûǡֱǰʱıã֪˵绰ʱϢʱ÷㣬ѶȻΪʲôͨı¿ҵĵ绰ԭҲҪģǱȰסˣ˵˵Բԭǡ 
ĬȻҺʱĹϵع󣬸ǴѧУʱȻҰٰڼҡֱʱȻ뿪״ƷҹڳбѰңŻȻ޿ɾҪȻͬҹ֤˸ӹϵĸֻǴͷβŸ˵ǰε̧ͷˣǲòס˼ʮլӡ 
˵޹ǼٵģڱϾ¸꣬Ҳûһ˿ǣҵġֻǣԭΣʱⲻɵ²תʱ񲻿ٻҲѲǵǸ˰ϣɬꡣ 
̧ͷԳɽЦЦ˵ȥԵ㶫 
ɽܶңһ̾Ҳá 
¥һ䷹꣬ȻСЩȴ徻࣬Һͳɽܶŵ˲ˡɽҲҵ飬ٶḸĸ£ֻѯҵ͹һһ˻شȴҲ˵ʱļѱϾǹȥα˵ܡ 
Ʋ룬ɽұﵹƣҡҡͷҺȲͺˡ 
ɽһ硭㣬Ⱦˣ 
볶Ц⣬ȴܹ뵽ɽܵĵҸܵ飬ȴҲ޷ع䡣 
ҿ͸Һ壬ʵŵζұŻ֪Ĳ 
ôٺȣΨһһαΪֿѵ˵ʱమʱĻûʧյ飬ȴһ綼ˡ̵εϴʣѧУδָָ㣬۷׷ףʱ񱯰עӣѧУĴ֣֮ĸġ 
͵˦ͷˣѾȥˡ 
硭㣬û°ɣ 
ֱͦ˱û£Բƾһһֱ˵ллȻꡣ 
ɽܵͷΪįԲ𣬸磬Ҹ 
ҲЩھΣִҪУҲҵԭڰɡʱȽȽʼǹĵģȴԼĽʵ˸ĺչ˹ 
ɵˣһֱ㣬ֻǨŭ㣬ֺγ˵˵ɧҲ˵˵Ρʵرˣֻҿ˶١ 
ɻ̧ͷңŽ˵СͲѧϰڷ㵽ܲܿϡҵ٩ؿҲЦˣ΢Щġ 
ܿеĻ⣬̸ֻڣɽܵı齥߳Ա˵Ǣ 
ϲλ˾̱ѹƲְУ߶ְ¾ĶҪ廪ǿʱҵֻˡ 
̴Ц⣬ҽ绰ϡ 
ϣңܵ𣿡 
ˣڳԷôأ 
û£ҾʡǸҪϣǳԷ 
ҿ˿ɽܣ΢ƣɫˣҲˣԼʱɡ 
Ǻðɡ 
˵绰ɽҲԵòˣʻص 
˱Ȳݸɽܣɳϡ 
硭 
ţ 
㡭ʻݵġ 
Цˣôн˵õʲôʰɡ 
˼ĺٺЦˣ 
ˡûʲôɡ 
𣿡 
á 
ɽЦˣǷģɵСӣΪˡ 
ʲôʱʶ 
ϵ绰˵ҪԷԼɣϢϢ 
ɽܵͷͻʲôЩεضԳɽ˵֪֪桭 
ɽܵɴ۾ΪʲôǺܱŤ𣿡 
ӣٲҪһˡ 





10 
ϵ֣ɽܳĬã˵磬ôˣȥԾɲͻô 
һЩӦΪʲôͻȻ˵ 
ɽһЦȴЩȻǵֵ޻˵ģǴʱԺͲˣʲôҲ˵ѡľ뿪Ҷһ֪Ҹ˵㲻κˡ 
ո˵ѣܺãһοΪڿ׿ȥһУʼµĸ顣ЩҲˣûȥΡѵһڹȥӰ𣿡 
һϯǱңҼɬҪǡġ 
ɽܵĿ˵磬ĵθ飬ͳŶһɣϵ첻죬ϵⲻ⣬߾ڲ෹󣬻߾͵ڱԹ˵ٵĶνҪʱִоԼĴڡȻ鱾ͲǹƽģҲҪ˽ǲܽġûʵĹͨ˭û취аȫСĿǰ״̬ô 
Ȼ˵ûιңû˵ҡĻڣɽֱܼΪעˡ 
ҵͷૣԭҵĴô 
ɽܵתΪգ磬ô˵Ҳ˼ֻǲʲôôģʵҵĲãҲ˽֮£ͺ˵Щ˵ȻҲгĵطá 
ɽܡ̧ͷĻ㿴۾ˣҹ϶ˣȥ˯ɣ𣿡 
ɽܿңŬԼȻֻôӦһͷȥ˯ˡ 
ؿɳϣ˼ңѹֻĻ̫ȣҪʱú롣ȻҲʶԼ֢ڣվû׵˵ȥҲ޷ʱָƽġ 
һֱ룬ֱʱ䲻磬ȥˣȻ׼ɽܳʱ롣 
һѵĲˣȴ֪ʱҺĺ˺ܶ飬ƺֻҪϲ󲿷ʱֻȥֳɶġʱ䣬ԵеĸͷĳȥӦ꣬ӵĶ⣬ȴţԼ΢ȥԭ֪ˡ 
ȻĲˣ̲סص֧̣ڴǰ 
ĸˣЩɽû˵ȴûͶ¸飬ıĳ־룬ǹȥĲΪ˱ԼֺγĴһĳһʱᲦǸĵ绰롣ˣʱ̤ڵңԼᶨ˵ڵȴʱǷݸôʹĽӵ绰Ҳ統㲻һвںεص׷ȥô 
ָᵯ̻ڿзɢƮ棬ȻʧЦ£ִѱζҵغ򲻹һ˵ԲĻգȻһ縸ĸԭҰ㣬ҵԭ¶ʱ˵ֵʲôվǻͷʱƬϡ 
ģˡ 
ٺ٣ü֪ĺ˭ 
ڳ˼ұͻһתͷŷֳɽվԱ߼üŪ۵ģӦĻݺԴһ¡Сӣˣƶš 
æԴʹ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣͲҪоˡ 
ЦŰʹСʱһֻڸߴࡣ 
ͻȻǿҵܸͷˣҵĵܵܣСһ𳤴ĵܵܰȴһ꣬ŲʡͷЩܿƵΣɽܣԲ𡣡 
ɽܿңЦˣ£Ҿԭ㡣 
һ 
ٷҳ԰ɡɽЦ۾ҡ 
Ҳ¶Ц⣬ȥ 





ո̤칫ҵĴţͼкңĸ磬Ʊ˵ȥǶһˡ 
Щɻÿ˻Ʊ칫ҵš 
Ʊ࣬ң 
СİɣġЦݡ 
š¡ 
ôܵ𣿡 
ˡ 
Ҳ 
ǣС 
ŶϽ 
ǿһЦͳɽ̸ܳĽǵԵľֺȦʵ޷ӦνĹġ 
һ־ͱĲ¿Ŀܺܶ߸Żǵվԣ˵ǳĿϣԼĸá־ҲǸĹͲС 
ˡЩͷŽܲרҵİɣʲôֱֲ˵쵼ǰĵġ 
ģĿҳǱ߱Ͼ֣ҪţĿҪͶʱ;϶ҪڣҸ˰һҲüһЩĹѹЦţȴЩĪ 
һ˵Ȼ޿ޣɿӣҲֻרΪǵˣĻ 
ҳĬţ˵ѡһᡣ㿴˭ȽϺʣ 
ǣ˵ԲˣѰ׵ѡһô΢һЦŰɣûʲô 
ҾڷܣģĻ˺ӦҲûʲôѹ˵أ 
ҵͷ⡣Ӧ 
Ǿôˡڿʼɣһ̸ؼĿЩĹϾĿҪ֤ġ 
סǣû£ȳȥˡ 
ţﲻȻҶʲôĵطЩͻȻƱǽΪţʲôأ 





11 
ĸ磬߰ɣóԷˡ߹ߴŻڿҡ 
ͷѶ׼ȥ 
Сģһ¡칫ſ֣лҪ˵ӡֻȥԼİ칫ҡ 
࣬£ 
Ǻǣû¾ͲȻɣһȥзģ͡ 
ǵȻãԺûͶҼذɡҺٺЦţȴֹôˣַըôҲΪĿ¶ɣҲã֪ϢҲ 
˶ߵòˣҺһ˸ķꡣ 
ȻˣԱһߣͽ⣬ϣϻƸ̸˰ɣŵ¶ 
˿ڲ裬ҵͷ 
ô 
ҿЦʲôôҴҾʹɣҪ̯ϱˣҪͷˡ 
һЦõӣҲԴ˭ôѵΪʲôͻȻˣ 
ˣûⲻأ͸Ϣɡұ˵裬Ц 
˵㣬˵ʲôأͦˣʲô¶ĵģѹôŮѶûС 
һ㶣ΪʲôͻȻᵽˣæЦ˵ͱĺĺˡˣ϶֪ʲôɣ 
ԭǸ˵ЩˡôŹһϵģ߲ĶݣҲȻ˵ˣκǶûҲЩطõ֣ȺǶȻûʲôǸͶϻãҲ¡ 
˶٣æ˿ 
ԭΪӦûʲô䶯ⲽߵĵе㵣ˡƣٴʦ𣿡 
һ漴ЦЦҲûʲôҪܶıҺãȻҲ޻˵ 
һıòõ⣬գ˼δôˡ 
˵ȻҲף伫ִܶһ뷨޵ķΧԻᰴԼ뷨ȥʵʩҲ߷ӭҲûڹ֮໹˵쵼쵼ҴǸмѵԱһԱ 
ǣҹõġ˵ţĻδ̫⡣һľ֪쵼ľǷԼƿ֮ڡ 
ô˵ҲˣЩɼ£ʵڿϧοǸ˲ţ־ҪġֻϧԼǰ;ǣȽϺá̾˿Ρ 
ȻȵĲǼ˵£ϸ룬˵Щصһ仰ˣĹȴҲҸжġ 
ҵͷл棬Ըپ⣬ĳպͼˣȻܿüɫ裬٩٩̸ˡ 
磬㱻Ʊȥ̸ϲɫڵ࣬ԺҪҶôһúҺĻƱ֮Ļûͬαֻ˵˴ȻãҪĻǿ˵ͷǷ֪ʶǷרҵദǷƽףЩû⼴ʹıвҲǿֲġ 
ȻЩǫѷģȴҸеģΪ֮ǰҲܶĿע⣬ûлȴһ˿ֺõζҲ֪ԼɣγеҪˣջЩȻ 





ϵĳϣҵ鲢ã££ЩķƣһԼ˳ԷȥԴšӦ˽ϸɽʶģȡ˱ضǻʧԾ˼ƻһȥӳɽܡ 
˼ұȽϸߵķ꣬ȥͣʱҺͳɽſȥɽܸҶС˵ú˧ԭϲ͵ġ 
Цͷϰ߸ĲˣʹҲ֡˧ãѵ˧𣿡 
ɽֵؿһۣëԭûĵֻҲ˵óڡ 
Ц֧ˡ 
յſڣϱ׷һȥ£ŵˡϿ˿Һͳɽܣ˵ǳɽ󰡣ղڳϣѿҶû˵һЦøû˶Ƶˡ 
ɽЦ˵ǰҸСʱҵߣ˵˵ʱһҾָˡ 
Ŀ˿ң˵ĽɽܵĹЧҺЦһۣתͷԳɽ˵Сʱ򳤵úЦô֣ԵԴСһ̣˭㲻Ц 
ϺЦɽЩ˼æתƻ⣬ղôɫѿˣǹʲô𣿡 
죬ֱϣ˵Ȼɽ˵Ļֿ˿׵׼𰸵ӣǼ򵥵ĽĿ˵˳ֻԹ˺һڡ 
ɽȻǲ׵ģֻǾţһʱҲû˵ʲôƬ̣˵˵Ļеġҳĸʲôıȵϴ˷˼˵СЩѹʵʷǼعˡ޷ǲרһҿֵطҲ⾢ˣɴϢһӡ 
ɻһﵽʲôҸﻹûҪְϢ 
ǰˡ 
תÿ죬Һ޺޵һۣҪ˵ҵĻڵ̲סҪġ 
ɽһתͷǸʵҲ̫ҿǸ쵼ҲδߣͻȻҪߣ׼ԷֲҲûܰɣ 
ҵ˵ͷҲֿܡʵҲҪ˵ĻҿҲõģϾһ֧֣ҲǼ˵¡ĵĻȥʲô˼ 
ɽЦ˵ҾͷĶˡΪĵĻ˵Ѿ滷̤ڽˡ 
̲סЦĳɽܰɰ 
϶ǼˮҹҲ˵ˣֻҿǺĳ־ϲһۣһӣʵҲһЦ 
˵ţţЦţʱ̫׹ȥǶڼңֻΪ˰Сʱѣѳ˽Сʱ˿ֿϣĽʡ 
Ͽǵſڣ³ͻԺĳɽ˵ɽܣȥл˵𣿡 
ɽЦŴӦԿױ¥ȥˡ 
תͷϣʲôҪ˵ 
͵رסңоõܿ죬Ҳ죬ôˣ 
ϣҺܸˣҾã㣬еˣϲָı䡣 
΢һЦϧıСı仯ɼ⣬ʵڸöЩɽ˵Ĳȷ˹ͨģˣҲִˡ 
һһֱȥǰ㲻Ҫ˵ЩĵĻˡ 
ţ֪ˡ 
ˣҪȥˣʱٴ绰㡣 
վڳű߸ʱ̽Щɻؿ˵ȷ֪ܲǵ𣿿Ҿҵʲô֪ӡ 
Ц𣬿˼һǣҳΪϲز֪ʱת¥ 





12 
ϵȤ飬¥Žȥɽŷ 
ɽܣ𣿡 
ɽǣǣǣЦЦ÷ 
һЦĵ٩ 
óȷʵܺá 
ҵ˵ͷ˵ĶԣҸöһЩԺӦûദ˳ɡ 
ɽҲ˵㣬ȴгɣҲЩ֣ôˣɽܣ 
磬Ҷ죬翴ܾе 
Ϊʲô 
̫רעˣ˵ǡȣеëȻô˵̫ʣִܾ̫ĳĳ˾ͻƫִһֱõûʲôеʲô⣬ǡ. 
ͷ룬Ҳʲôףϵһֱ˰գȷʵңɽ˵ﵽʲôȵĵزɽܽӴ˶ƽˮ͵ģѹֻŵˣҲǳɽ̫ңܵʲô˺ԲŻǰա 
Цĳɽܣ֪ǹң˼ˣֻǲ̫ڿԼĸ飬û˵ô¡ 
Ҿá 
˺ˣװСܣ㲻𣿽һˣȥ˯ɡԲҷܵ˵ǣһ˵ǶǳˣԺǴ⣬û˻Ϊ˰򲻰ҪҪġңڿȥ˯𣿡 
ɽεҡҡͷһԵģһЦԹԵȥ˯ˣҲϴ裬׼˯ 
ڴϣһʱ˯ţϣůůģӦİɣſԼܵ˵Ĺģһζڱ˵ĸлûʧ˶һŲġ 
ӾǰţƽּЩۡҺȻûͬӣȴζǸոͬʱʱоܵһֹϵŬؼҵĸı䣬ͼܵ뵽ҵҲ˵һЩҸоεĻҳ룬һֱжá 





ĸ磬˵ǺͷвһԷƱĻǾǶӴߵ 
ķˣû˵ʲôЩǱҪȥİɣδԹһͬǰӦòʲôɡ 
ʶһҲŶ磬Ҳô֪ȡЦŽĻ֪ôģƺѾǺˣԷʲôҺһҵҲνͬһĿ̸ʱҲһ𣬿ʼֻñŤϾ˵Ա΢нٵĻ¿ȴҶˣһ̸ 
˵ʵڵģҲ̫ϲǰǣ̫ˣǾͲһ·ˡ΢ʡ 
һЦðɣеȻܺһϾӴɫ˵ȣҪԲܶࡣֲ㳤ڹ£żȥˡ 
ЦЦͷԷҲ˵ʲôˣҰ̾˿Ҳ˵ʲôĲһˣĹϵ΢ı仯ǰ˼ˣҲűСòЩʧģΪ仯죬ɱϾİɣ뷨ȻȻķӳжУԾҲǰǸͻĸˣǿɾǷʵһҪĿĽ̵ߣԴٲǰ׽û˰ɡ 
ǲºȾƺȲǰƿЦա 
Цҵľ㻹֪Ҳδغȵùҡĺ׳ǶЦˣܺȾҲĳ֮һޱ˵ܺȡ 
ƽʱҴŻ٩ҪţС˰ɣʱֻЦʲôҲû˵ 
ţľǲ˵ˣұȲ룬ûϺȾأôܺȶ٣Цתͷҡ 
ҡҡͷҲȾơ 
ӣ˵ 
Ŷ˶Լ¶ľЦ˲ܺȾƣǺûӵһ°ɡ֪ܶ˺˾Ƹûӣװ裬ǧ˰̬̿סЩ΢ıġ 
ʱҪƴƣɾͿǳǰˣбȵ֭ˡЦؽصǣƶƵġĿеģֻʵʵųԷʲôģҪڷҧĽ̸ָ־Ŷžƺȥ뵽־ЦϼǰȾƣȴ֪Ĵ󣬻Ҫ̫ˣʡЩ鷳 





СģĩпҼҳԸɡ 
칫ң˵ӵ£ͻԣһ㶣ЦŴӦˣð˵ȥˣһֱء 
ǺǣСӣͦģò㡣Сػһֱʣϴ˵ԷôҲǲǾĲ˲ó԰ 
ô᣿ԼĲãԵˣľǳԼҳˣҷһֱ˵ȥǺǡ 
УǾô˵ˣĩóȥ£˰ֱӹȥɡ 
á 
ţ̾˿ĩϵļƻҪˡֻ࿪ڣҲ˼ƾܣﲻ˶Եض̬Ȳǰ֪ҪݣƱĹϵЭʱҲﲻѹֻίˣƻ˺ܾȥɽļƻҪá 
ҿ֪ҪǸлᱩļһ 





13 
һƬ֮ҾͷЩۡ 
Ƹ˵ôˣҪȻȥ 
Цҡҡͷŵܿ׽Ҳܿ׷һĲŭĿ⡣ 
˲ƱͬܿϵĿ⣬ɲȴִشһ˹˵ʲô༭Ǻúýʵҵ׽ƳѺȵҡҡλεǿЦã϶ʾ⣬ùˣùңַһſ¾ݵģϵзʱ̾ϢƾͲҪٻϽˣȻ治֪ϻʲôӡ 
СİһôͬˣûúúȹκһߣӣһƵݸҡ 
Ҫװ˲ɣո͹Ҳȵԭˣαĵġҡҡͷ˵ƽӹ˾Ʊʦ˰ɣϺȾƹҪȡ 
ôɣʲôһúһκһţӱж˱ӣҵǰ 
üͷȴ˿ֽǱƣҲôţʦһȾư»ȶ٣ҷ㡣϶ųϸﰡҲܺȵģҲԲѽ 
κĺˣЩŭȴҲ޷ƣűƵĻ̨ףãȡžؽԱ߷ŵĶƿƶϡ 
ڽϾʱĵ˳ԣűϴּȥζ̫ˣҾµܡ 
ϴּһŻͼվϴ̨ԱߣҾˮϴ 
ձߵСӣͦġ 
ͬ£ˣʲôˡ 
ҵġ 
ˣвУĲ̬һŭ 
Ҳ죬أһ˹һҵģȾƶ˵ӡ֤ޱ߰ô룿ѹɤѹסŭʹ⡣ 
һۣ֪ĻѾﵽˣͻȻЩƣҪظִǰһεı˴ô챻ƣΪͬ¼֫Ӵ 
ô룬Ҹóȥˡ 
ϴּű򿪣˽ʱֹҪƺϾʹ˰ݣһѳסҵ䣬ҹ 
ײײұ˷һеʱǿֻҵλͬ¶ڰûˡ 
˰㡣˦֣θñ˶͸ǰɣ 
ǣҾͰ˶ôҲںҾͬôˣҾͲ֪زصΪʲô˼бҪҶʲô 
ƴҧ촽֣Լһƻϣ쵰סΪԼѵΪ˱ѵҪññĵĿ⿴ָָ㣬Ϊʹ飬ף͸ˣ 
㲻ںںվڽмԼͬңɹ𣿡 
žһžļе쳹ҵŴǽú־λָŻ㱵ʶҡ 
ҷϱǽڣֱͦ΢΢»塣ŬԼȥⲻ֪ǱĻǱε۵İҪƽ˵˰ɣˡ 
ҲûߵõȻԼΪһʱŪ񣬿˵ҪߵĻԾǼŭݺݵһקסңѹǽϣÿ񱩵ģŭģʵģռе˫ҵĴϡ 
Ҳŭţίģģĵģ˿ĥңҲĥ֪ҧĴΪζҲҵֻǸҾҲ֪ߵжۣȴȫѹҡ 
ǵ˺һʱһɳȴ·ڶߵ𣬡ϣû°ɣ 
һ佫ҵȫòɣҴֹͣһеĶȥƺҲһҵֽš 
еڣһģȴϤӰվȻڰԸо˵ĿضҵϣҾÿ־糱ˮӿ·Ƭ̾ͿɽûĵԾи˵Ҫ£Ҫ£㲻ǵǸ˺Լ꣬ڵǸˣӦһе״Ҫ£ֻҪǰȥֻͣǸᣬִֻԣִ 
ĵ׵ǰűȻȻ󣬵ƽ͵۾ſҪͣƺжסҵĺԼײȴ޷һĻ˵ڡ 
ضűƣпʲôҲʲô 
û£ǻл˵û¾Ƚȥɡ߹վҵ˵š 
˵ʲôû𣿡ƵƺЩֱĹȴ΢΢˻ 
¡ 
ôҵ£ͬ£ʲôʹҲ÷ڽˣ㰮ôҲܡƵϻźƵĴƵĳȣƺţȭţڽǡ 
ҵһĻңӦÿģȻû˵Ǹ޴ĽͣףһǿģΪʲôҪ˵ 
һθһĳʹҵɫһѿΪһֱҵıƵɫҲ԰ס 
ҷסƵֱۣ˶õ˵ƣһؼҡ 
ûͷϣȻõҧĿ죬Ǻܿ˱ƽĳڳҿϻֱֱվԭأеŭ𼸺Խˡ 
ұ۾ϣҪȷƲὫһ˵ȻԸˣǣұͨԼ۾Ͷȥ֤ʵһ㣬ұزܰġ 
ϣ̫ʧδйʧ͡ίǵί˵ʱȻžʱ̬ҪôߣҲǿһֻôҴʱܲľٶʹһжһˣʱ䣬Ҷʵκʱ򶼸󣬵ȴұκʱ򶼸Ĵ𰸡 
ʹҲЩʲôҰߵıƣûȥҲоõȺ̲͡סе㶶һƴϵʹҪԶԶ壬һЩΪ𣬵ȴޱȵʹ޶ʹñˡٹ꣬ҲΪʲôԽ׽ԽԺ޹˼ɵʹñԴѵǶףһȥһȭȥһƤȥЩҲƴô 





14 
к£һʱǶĬ῿ɳϣҳɽ˯ˣȻڵ״ۡ 
ƿһۣЩ죬ŷȥë 
֪ʲôëݸңһ°ɣȻ׵øˡ 
ĬȻӹ֪Ǳ飬Сĵķϣ̲ס۵ĳһǴݣ̲סЩ 
һòʹˣƣʼճĬһһ̣ҷЩס 
鷳ˡ˵ڣҶԾģͼ򶨡 
˵ʲôֱ˵ɡϨ̣ɫȾЩĽꡣ 
¶һ£ò׼Լʲôı飬ҼȲΪʲôںֲֵôת˵ҵ˼ؿƿ 
¾ҵﴫȥ˵ 
ϵ˽ҵΪѣﰵ˿ȻΣǿЦЦЩɬҵ˵˾лл 
ʵϡЩɵ˵ 
ʲô˵ɡ̹ʵؿΡ 
˺ܾãʼҲû˵仰Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲû׷ʡȻͬûʲô̬ܵȣͻأĿ˽ǣϾİɣοһԼϤͬ¡ 
ټ⣬˿ʱ䣬ҽҹ˯ҵķ䣬ûƾܵĬĬȥ˯ˣҾڿɳϳ̣ƼǴӦسŵˣôܱ˿ƿصķΧڡֻﵽָأҺͱһһˣԭΪһֱ׷ȴûУҼ˼ֲ 
ԭѽĳױûκΰգҪദǷ񻹿ɼ 
뾭޿ٻָԭ״̬ĲʼǺмľҵ͸鶼һͬĶԴѵֻзһ;ʹĳϦദһȵĳ飬ᣬƺûеľȻȥǵǰ·ںη 
ãȻãȻʱϨһ֧̣ȴ޷ʲôֻöԼ˵ˣֻҲ޼£̬˵ա 





ڶ첢ʲôͬǶѻָ¹ڳģһͷʹԱƵЩ΢ڣһжһֱ磬ʼûеȵϵĵ绰˲ǲסʵڲ磬ѵ˵ˡθ飿Ȼͷããã 
ϣôˣ 
˻ںͱһ˵ӵ£ó񡣡ŶûʲôôûʲôûУڵѡˡ 
ԣɣˣȥԷɣôˣķŶˣȻȥ԰ɣ 
Ӧһνغһš 
Ȼһ̤Ҿͺˣмк˳ԷȾƵĲĸɱƾֱ˴ԵȥҲֻøϡ 
ո£Ա˱ЦЦҺͱƶ΢ЦҼǵľϼġ 
û뵽ǡƵ˵˾䣬鿴ûһ۵ֿ˿ҡ 
ûʲôġװ·¡ 
˲ˣҲܿ˲ˣţҵ˼ƮԱֵϣЩϵĿͻɣģǱġ 
ûھϵԲ죬ֻÿμǾø̾ʱʱͬˣ˳죬˵ˮ©ȴʮΪΪѶƵܵÿͻǮȴǮٳֵݶϣҲǲˣʱգǰ;ضԻֻ͡һ˼ܵôڸˡ 
ϣ𣿡 
ı㶣֪˵ʲô 
ЦЦҶ죬ֻ𣿡 
ͷϰ˽⡣ 
𣿻Ҳ⻰ 
ǣֻǡϰߡ̧ͷЦȴԼʮֳϿң֪ڹҡ 
Ǿͺãһ뿴ҵӣǲҶǺøǶЩʵôġ 
ȿȡڵĻǺÿҺЦһҲ˵ôŰɣ 
һ˵˵ӣԹ̶˶̲סЦǷΡʱǽ˵ġ 
ԹҪʱǱߵƱյҶȥͶĿ⣬ֻһİĸⲻأΪʲô񣬲ΪķŭΪͣܿ͸ģĵĿ⡣ 
ʲôסƵģĴϢҪʮֵصϿصĺһһľ;ڰգҲŲ¡ôˣĲôΪʲôҪҡսƣǰȥţĺ뿴ԼôˣΪʲôģɬʹ 
ɱƽ˳ȥһΣЩ˺ǰʧء 
û뵽ô棬ϣ˵һ䡣վҵݵ̫ˣϣȻܶҲ֪ĸһ̫࣬δĺʣٺúÿǿǡ 
һġʶػشһϸղŵҪˣǸϲϤϡǳڱ˴ǰֳ˲ͬһ棬ȴûһõԤС 
15 
ȥˣûлټϣҲûĵ绰ӿʼ㷲΢ĵĺĿ㯺˵ȻҾҾԶֹ졣ɽܵ̽ѯͱƵĹģܣѾھԼҲϰԼԼĸо͸飬ʱҪĲ˵ķйͬİֻʱ䣬Ψʱѡ 
ˣҲûĩԼȻûʲô飬ǹһߵЦÿҵš 
ϣôŵŮСأһഺŮӣҶӡ¾ɫͷˡ 
ôһ°ˣ·û취΢ЦŽ͡ 
ݣİԼӳ̽ͷк˵ͱСķ䡣 
ϣҿҵģ˵дĿնôģֲ˵ԼĥҪĥѽ 
ҵͷڵǰʼдģڶĶĲˣÿңҶᱻץ޸Ա 
Щʵ֤ˡƩ˵˵ָڶߣ΢ЩԱŲŲǲϰŮӵദ 
ϣСأԷɡظкСһȥ 
ϵʮֹ죬ĻΧҸŮѴתСǲʱͶЦĿ⣬İ̫飬ͣҼвˣҲòƴٵĳԵɲӭ²ˡұ׽ŷˣŲõԤУٷȺҲòȥ׵̬ȻĲݾܾ 
˼ŶԲߣ˳Ĭϰмҿɵ 
ţôˣ 
ǱƣԺ˹ǾٸӴʡЩĻ˵˵塣 
˿ӣԣʲô˼ʲô𣿡 
ǳʲô£㻹֪ɣ¶ﶼ÷зˣҲֻͿСӻڹءưǸͬ˵ʲô˼ȻڴҲס˵ͣȴѻ㱵˵ʲôˡô£ΪʲôҥԣôͬôӦоģѵ˵ҵĸоˣ㣬ˣԱƵĽ׾ͱ˷أѵ᲻ᣬǡ.ɲʱһƬң޴𣬲ɶƵһһĿ־ͷ 
ϣϣ 
Ŷô˵Ӧãİɣ 
˭֪Ҳ˵绹׽Ӱأǣܴ˽֪ˣ԰㻹ʵ־ĺã˵ڵλûй涨Ϊ£ʲô䶯ٱÿˣʹϻҲΪк΢΢ӣ飬ҿ̫࣬档 
ﾾʹ˽֪־롭Щ̫ϤҲ̫ˡѵ˵תͣһĻô 
û˵ֳĬΨһ£ȻҸǳȥҵƣʹʲôҲʹֻĬĬһ費ҪֻǲΪʲôҲûУһԼ 
˵谡ͱ߶ˣͬʲô˲İѧУȥˣ˭ڻŰԽ˼Ҳȡ򣬺òã 
⺢ӣڵҲǵġ 
ٷǼ尾ûжͣҸڱһ˸ǣʮ飬ֻϧʵûܣСؽͳſڡ 
Сأȥɡܺˡ 
ţϣ㣬ҪæŶ 
á 
˵ټתͷȥҳһšڳϣ̲סƴ˸绰ƽɳƣһ𣬹Ȼ֪ģܰɡԥԼϴӦԼϤǼ俧 
ԶԶؿһӰڿϣܿòֱǾǱˡСŹȥýˣȻֻǽЩͬûнûһе·̧̬ͷ·Ƶмִġ 
һ˲Ļ㱣ɻվǱƻԼ 
ϣˣܿ찡Ц̵Ŀҡ 
ǿЦЦ֪ΪΣЩ顣 
ôȥȣϻеġ 
ȥˣ鲻ʺϺȿȣǾ߰ɡЦ˵һ䡣 
Ҳáֻ 
ڿռŵıǰС 
ôͻȻҳǳʲô˰ɣ 
ûУֻˣġҺĻش 
ŶҿҡǺǡЦգգ۾ 
ɤˡ 
ǰû취쾻˶ˡ̾˿Цˡ 
ҳţʳ˿ڣ죿ʲôΪѵô 
ǣһɣҽ鷳û˵ҰСʱȥˣҽģԸо࣬ҲǵģҲû취˭ҴأٲҪ㡣 
ŶһԭΪ£һΪ 
֪ͽһλ鷳¶࣬ʲô紵ݶĶܴҽȥһҪҪء 
һΪǼôǲǣΪλġǸҥԡ 
Ҳ˵ˣǺǣʵôٺ٣Ҳҥԡ 
վɻ֪˵ʲô 
ң˵ͬһ¡ʵұģôãˣңţô˵ϲŮˣҲϲˣûϲκˡ 
㶵һʱе㷴Ӧ 
16 
һЦ߽˽ֱߵһС԰ĳϡ 
ҲЦе⡣ 
쳤ȣڵչ壬ţϴѧʱҽҽҲǻƱ࣬ʼ̸ʱǼԵģҲ棬첻ϿΣھư죬ǸʱҲ֪ԼԭҲϲˡȻֻ˵ҵˣϾ˼ҸϲңǺǣǸʱ򣬵ΪԼ˧ŮŮֵӦֻǲҵĳ⣬ϴΪͻң˭֪˼Ҹҵһҹ飬ûӰ 
ȻǸЦʱ򣬵ƵĻ̿סû뵽Ҳʱ 
ҲáߵϵӲݣ֪˵ǲŮġ 
Ǻǣǣء 
԰ʹҲ⡣ 
㣬 
ЦˣҺȻ𣬡ǵλô֪һͿ 
ƴ˴ҿ۾ЩǣȴЦˣ˭֪ģҲŲں 
ܲںôЦµùˣֻںĳطģɬɬģ㡭᲻ῼǻݹ 
֣ϣֻ᲻սӵΪʹְѸᣬҾԲְ෴һҪдҪǿϲϲ˲ǵ£ҵӦƺõġˣ෴Ƶ¶ǼᶨţҲɵĿţͻȻΪʲô᲻֪úߵ¾źͲɰɣЩǡûеġ 
ãҲõˡǳǳһЦġοվǲͬģǸվµӰӾһ̵Ĵǿĵ֧֣ҲûκӰĻȥɡ 
ţģҪ˵ˣ˵˵ɣˣǰʲôӵģ 
ǰѧУʱԼ΢ЦŻɵģÿ飬δ޵׳־ò飬ִܹΪκ¶ҪãȻִۣţʲôзкܶѣƺǺ֡ȻֹνѣΪͬ·˶һĿģ֮٣㶼ɾ˴ͷԷɵĻ 
ڵܶ࣬ʲô𣿡 
űƣвû̽ζƺһֹĵģȻϰϰҹµ˵ĻӦǿ˽İա 
׵Ĺ£ȴò˥ǡҰһˣǡҵĴѧʦͬԡҲںЩʱֻ֪Ҫ֪ŬҲңʱ̬ɣֻǽͬû㣬ҵȴ򶯣ڽҵĸ顣ڿȴֲֻ֪ǲˡ 
һǹúܿģܿģҸ˵ұҵҾ͸˵ǵĹϵȻǲܳΪķޣһͬļͥһҪһȹһ꣬꣬꣬ʮ꣬һӡЦ˼ȴԼɬɵǲǣ 
Ƶ۾ܾӨҡҡͷȴû˵ʲô 
ϧԶûףûȵұҵǵ˹⡣ҵĴһҺ˾ƣһ˵£ǱʶðͬԲûʲô԰ɣҿи˷ڰϲŭ֣Һޱû뵽Ǹ˲ѣǰŶҵļҪҵˡ 
һжһˣҲʦеĳͬѧеĿģǸĸĹԺӣһŤı̬ͬߣ԰Ƥյ;ߡ 
ٺǾͱ˹¾սҵĸĸ˵ˣһѧУѹұ׹˼˱޿Σһ̫أҶ߹ǣòסҽԺҽԺǸңѾ뿪ѧУˣڲϲܶʱûһ仰ûһŵ뿪ˡ 
ʱʵǰ״̬ˣҸ˵ֻҪһţҾҪȥҹڼ͵ʱʬɡ⻰ҲˣٹˣҾҹǸеĴСңȥĲȥκһ䣬һһ죬ȴһʧ 
ڻصʱѾ޷ģ֪ûԶվվסˣһҾ͵ˡѹԺ󣬸׸˵ѧУ˵ˣЩӵĿξͲɼˣֻҪͨеĿԣɱҵ棬ǻᷢұҵ֤˵Ϊһ£ӴԺǾ޹ϸ͵ûӣҲҪٽ֡ 
һǻȥѧУһδѧΪ˽ȥҰϿΣȥˣҲõ˱ҵ֤ʱıң˵绰ˣұٵˣԶҲٻˣҺúùԼɣ͵һһΡҲףĲˣΪ˵һΡ 
ûʲôԥˣС͵͵ҵС浽ǧѹǮ˱һȥˣҲҵĵ绰ֻʼûд룬˵һĶѾȥˡ 
ֻǸı˵ĶҲû취ظȥǼҾ޷ض˶ˣʱ룬һεİѾľˡټԼʼѺ͹¶ǲ˵ģҲԽԽĮˡ 
쳤ȣҲѧһ׵ķڳϣû˵Ļûвٻرܵ˵ȥжûһ˵Է¡ 
ϡƵ͵͵ĻһһֻصطҵļϣܸоõƵ¶Ǿȵġ 
֪밲οң֣ȴҲʱĽҵ塣һ㹻ˡ 
ܹǴģů͸οĶҲҪҲԸԼ磬ΪζҪľκǰһ 
иұε˵˵£Ѿˡ 
17 
ҵ뷨ģҳ֯һνֻᣬ־ʵʳа졣ֻٰĿģһ־֪ȣһѰ̣־棬һȻΪṩĻᡭϱƵذըԭƽ־ 
ҰԾ̾ԭ˵Ĵǳǿ֮ǣ浶ǹҪúһ¡ȻƼ򵥣ܰƻʵУ˿ɻ£ֻǲһѶȣ֪Ƿǹ 
һԱ룬Ȼڵֻ಻ǵĻҪﵽһضҪЩģȻǱǿһĹҪĻҪλʦŬǵߺ˵ĶߣԼԱܵѡһ棬ǳ̵ˣⷽ棬һģ־ҵҲпڽԱģƱʹûʲôϣԸⷽϵ 
ǵˣ⳧̣аգͷӱ˿ڴǮô׵£ѵûпǹһʧܻһǲǰ̫ˣְԾһġ 
ģ»˴ҵһͬȻҲиͬ²֮ǣҲƵɻ⿪Ʊһϸڣͬƻ༭ڸĹ裬׼ҪһԱƣ˼֮ģԭȻȻĻһź 
Ωңüͷ 
̣Ƶʣ˵аճϵ£ļٵģ 
ƺٺЦ˼ٵġô˵ôġ 
ȡǺÿ˼㻹˵ûаյô׾˵ûҲô죿ûΪ׼һԤͶ𣿡 
̿żɫȻûУҾһС 
㻹ҪĿôʱ䣿 
ͶൣЩˣҼϵʱ 
ҶЩȻû⣬Ƕû׶ôаգ 
ķģھУһǿǵǵĻԴ󲿷ǽڵģʱмڣһҲǿǵﱸʱ⣬ܻм¿ĥģüҾͲŻҲ 
Ƹ۵Ŀ޷˵ʲôˣƴҲǺõġӵⲻصģҪæĵطҲǵңЦЦ˵ã۾Ц¡ 
һӻؼҿҹҲûпʱֿʼҪԹԵļһˡٵɳϣ֧̲ǿû취˭Ѿˣǲе£ͿΪΪˡǸ֪һæ;úֺЦȻЩůüˣһֱǸƻģȴǳʱԷʲôģҵĿʱռ׵İɣҺϣ£ϸϹҲҪôѵʱҺϡ 
ֻǣôס 
Ȼ󲿷ֵʱǿԲģϾҲ黳ʱʱ·λȻײĵʱķӦշת䣬ۺʧ֯ 
Ҳ֪ųȻαȴһҲ绰ʶҪǸ룬ȴһʱ֡һ̫̫أ޷ḶĴۣЦԼʵҲѳ˿ɺĶǰɺģ̫ණȻ˼ദЭһЩΪһˣЩȴԶ޷ģƩƩɡ 
塭ҹɷǴ̶Ҵӻϳ 
ι 
Ĭ 
ι 
ǳĬ 
е죬Ƕ˵ĺ·Ϥûй֪ϡ? 
ٳĬǴ˻ش𣬡ҡ 
㡭Ҳ֪Լʲôֻ׵¡ 
¥Ҿ¥¡ 
áҹ˵绰ץ˼·ͳ¥ȥƺһڴʱȫֲҪһĿ 
ʱЩ 
㡭𣿡ոʳ仰ͱһ§סһȴûƿ˹Ҿǣֻ̰һʱĻȴҲڲסĥҪһһΣһΰһΣҾ 
ϣɺҡ㣬㲻ߵЩӣʳѰҾģʹû취ңԼĻĽʹˡĥҵģģֻ̻ĺܡ 
ϡ 
ϣ㣬㣬㣬㣬㣬㣬㡭Ҳ׽ҵģշתཻЩˣƻڵתĵҽ˼ 
һ֡ҵǣСĴ˷̣ȴȻ岻ĻصǰľЩҪ˵ЩҪиı䣬ȻֻԼںˡ 
ƿϣ˵ҪҪú̸̸ 
Ϣ˵ãѽɫʣҵҲעЩ⿪Ľᡣ 
ȥǲеġ㻺ͣ׼ͷ˵𣬡˵Ҳ㣬ֺγңͬĽӴ㶼ðɣԷɴףʲôҺǱƿˣǱˡ 
ҪٸƣӲ 
ɻֻͬ£ڳѣҲ֪꣬𣿡ңأѵΪҺʲôΪҲҪ˵ҵĸܰɣ֪Ҳñ֪ǵĹϵȴֳң£ҡ 
û˵ȥҾϺݺҧһڣһһơҶߣ˵ϣΪʲô㻹ҪͱһȻ±֪ͬ־Ա˾֪ͬ־ΪʲôҪһôԼĸˣֻкһʱŹԼĸоͱƾֻˣ֪֪͸ǵĳһֱ¥µţʲôʱһȾһ֪֪ʱô룿İˣˣȴһĻϲڼҹ˵Ҹô룬ôΣ 





18 
Ŀȴҧľӻ壬ƿ۾һֵ˵ߡơġ¡ǡ㡢ġ 
ʣǿ϶ 
鷢Ҳ˲йͷձҷ񶨣ΪҵЩ嶯ֶܲ˺˵ĵزⷬڶУ뵽ȴװ׵ظң£Ϊ 
ҿûа־ţھΣģһ 
ңôǣ𣿺οһҲô˭ܵȥ˵˵㲻֪˵Ҳδҵˣˣ˭ֻĻҲΪ˱ʩЩֶΣֺα 
һʱ˵ʶǸô˵ʲôһΪҾͿӵֶ˺ˣ˺һ޹Ŀ޴ٶˣ 
Ȼ˵ںЩ۾ľͿԿóڵλѹжƽո˵˵ЦЦڼ棬ȫ䵭Ĵк㼱ŵȥ۷׷ˣ±Ⱦʲô֢ƵģͬǣȻµģǰڻƱӲ̫ѿЩһһͶԹ͵ƵĿ⣬Ҫ˵ˣһԿ˶λˣҲ֪ϴ˵ִǵڶš 
һеһУ׾Ȼϣ˵ΪҲŻ 
Ҿ󱻾ĻһյѰһһȭ˳ϡ 
ϡôòãʵҲҪ㣬˭ƽʱܶ˵ô֪ǵĹϵ㻹ͱȣҲ˲ŻġܹҲΪ㰡ҲܾΪС¾ͲҰɣȥǶɣ˵ţҪӡ 
˰ɣ㣡Ҵĺ 
Ҫĳ͵ضĬĿڳڲࡣ 
Ȼ£̫ʧˡˣܹˣΪֹɡ 
͵תͷ˻Ƶʣʲô˼ 
ҺʾĻһΣҵ˼Һ㣬Ϊֹ֣ԺʶŹţ··㣬ҡ˰ɣ 
ΪʲôΪ¶ҧгݵ˵ 
ɻ㻹ҪʲôҵѣΪǱܣȴڱɢҥԣڵλﱻָָ㣬ѣȻ˵ôС¶Ҳǳˣûе¸Уǰ˽Ȥǰɣôȥֱ˵ԼͬǸͬ˾ң㲻ǲ𣿰뱣ĺĵ⣬ųҲ˵ߵζΰȥΪԼͬĸоôܽĸоôȥ 
ڿΪңʣΪ㲻ǻҸ˴һԺظͣƨҸʵʱ͸һƣ㿴ЩʲôʲôˣҾȻͣҷҡ 
˵žҪȥҲٴȥҾ͵ģڵģǸЦȻ鱳ҵˣǰΪԼνˣŪֶ˺˵ˣȻ޷ٷˡ 
ƹ¥ȥȴ˳һקסңҵȭͷ˺ϵţ˵ϡ 
쵰Ҫ뿪ȴѹСĿռҵĶʱҲŷԼвߺǣҲٶˣڳϣҿʼͼԼ侲 
§ңͷҵľ䣬ϣϣ㵽ôˣҵǸҴ˻С 
Ϣţұ۾ƣ뽥ϯңۼˣĸ飬ǻģѾˡ 
֪˶ʱƽ˵ֿ֣ɡ 
ҡͬ⡣󱻾ʯ顣 
һ󳷳壬ڿϣҵ·ָƽյĵȻְɣѾûˣƽľ̸̸ɡ 
Ҹղŵļŵ 
ģûˡ 
ϣҡ 
ûҽضĻ˵ɡö໰˵͸˵ɾһֱ˻ᣬ췴Ҳ˵ݶϣ԰ѻ˵ˡ 
˵ͷ΢˼˿ڣӷֿסԺ˺ܶ࣬ҲͼһЩı䣬µǵĹϵҲóǰЩӹúƽ˳һֱԸϵǣʵҾúۡȻҿԽ˼˵ԴֵҵĿ벻죬ҵĹϵϣȴǶһ˼㿪ģСһһҶ룬ǲǲˣûаȫˣоҵˣĺۣұֱгԻΪǰеЭҼּ 
ֱңҲŷ֣ǶʱҲԼıԣʵңô㲻Ҳġɼʹһ㯣ǻܼܲȥ 
ȻһֱûңҲã˴侲һ£ɽأǵûǵ֢ȥ£ǺʧǳʧȻûȨָ㣬ΪϾܵ˺ǱƣΪûа취ԭ£һ뵽˵ΪҶȥһֶܵԴҾ;ûһܡ 
αڸҵɴķֿߵһǶԸ⣬ʵˣǿȥҲʵûҪҲΪȥΥԼ׼£ҲǿԼȥı䣬ԣȥֻзֿˡ 
һ˵Լ뷨ϣһʣֻĵؿңĿйˡ 
תͷٿ򿪳ţ˫̤ڵʱ˵˾䣬ԲȻ첽¥ȥ 





19 
ԭΪһҹߣȴ˯ֻУ˫¶˵۾ϷŹҡѵؿݶ컨ʱо۽Щ΢΢ʪȴûзֺĺڣǳڣµһˣΪԼɡ 
λʱǡ־ĿյҶѿʼæµ׼ֻˣ绰Ĵ绰ȥߵĲӰҲ䵽һЩ飬˱Լ̶ĲλԱһЩģƩϵĳҳһЩ鼮ԱḻַϴֻṩһЩڻϷԵĴȵȵ顣 
һæµԸ鳡ʧ⣬ְԵɡ 
ֱ°ʱſƣĲӻص˰칫ң΢ϢƬ̣һ׼ؼҡ 
վƴֿϤĳӣҶȻתΪӣҲһ꣬ƣԶĳվȥ 
ôˣ㲻ǱҪĳ㲻æͷ˰ɣЩر˵߻ͷվơ 
ҲҲõûٽֻͣǰš 
׷ңǺǣϰҲʱ˵ºˣαġ 
Щ΢գ˵Ļ˵ľˣʲô޷ǲϷ֣¿ʼǶѲǺӣֶ˵ľܸĵģһպ첻ͻںޣǱȻģοο¡ 
ƣھΡ 
ϣ㵽ôˣô𣿡 
ǣѾˣˡˣܵôˣҵĹ˾𣿡Ҳִת˻⣬ȻھΣ࣬뱣ϣҲ˽زƶʲôԹ 
˼һҿЦôף10һͲˣοֻǲģҪǩԼܷġʱ䣬ܿɡ 
㻹ҪŬˣˣҲмҹ˾ѵӸ㡣ȥʿǶ־ȽϸȤԭҵĿĹ˾ԱȽϴ󡣡 
áϣһȥԷһҷɧɣٺ١ߴӦű߿Ц 
ҲһЦ˵Ҫҵ⡣ҪӦͻȻɽ˵˻ؼҳԷ 
ܲˣҴӦҵܻȥԷ 
Ҳͦ鷳һ԰ɣѧϰҲͦƣһ 
Ҳǣ绰Լ˳ɽһԷɽ˵һȾƵҲǸ˵ĺܣˬԼõط˵绰Ÿоɽʵ̫µˡ 
߳ŷűƺͳɽֵܣϵرĵĲֺɺЦ˵ͶƢ 
ƿһƲչ˵ϣô˵ǲ˵̫ˣǺǡ 
ô᣿ͦ˼û뵽ǻôĹҴ£ʲôϵʲô߾Σ˵ͷͷǵġ 
죬Ҹִ¶ȤȽϲȥоЩʱ¶ЩǹʲôģͷҸ㿴д£һѿͦƵĵе޵ġ 
̿סЦƵΪϲԭҲϲ˵ͷһ֣̽̽ˣһ֪мУרЩĶʱһȥ䣿 
ҺЦͷҲмϲãƱתΪҺͱੲݣɽѼˣ˵ľƵһûٺȣʱʱҪͳɽܸˣףһЦ֧ 
ͱƷֻصʱɽмˡ 
ɽɳϲû취ֻȥݲѾơ 
磬⼸ôû磬ֳˣ 
Ƭ̣ĬŽݺõĲ͵ɽ棬֧̣ǡˡ 
ɽһ㶣ˣ 
ţúۣˡ 
ɽܻ˿ڲ裬˿Ҳáͬˣ 
ʲôҲû˵ûᣬҪˣҲ档 
Ŷôɣ 
³̣ŤƮɢô鱾Ǻþۺɢġ˵ţȴ°ʱϵ񣬿ҪЩʱܽܡ 
ֻеġɽǵĿҡ 
ЦЦȴЩʹ϶飬ǻ˺˺ԼҲʼ˺ңȻ˺ģֻҡ 
ˣûµġЩʱʲô¶ĸɸɾˡĻҷҪͣļˡ 
ǺǣҲǵģ˵ˡɽܻЦˣ磬ǲǸһģ 
һᣬָʲôЦЦĿҲܿó 
ǰʵʵġһ΢ԻӣԼʲôû뵽ԭô֮ġȻͻȻתӣ磬һߣһ 
ҺЦȻǺȵĶˣʱҲ˵Ļ˵ˣƲǣҲһϲŮ˵ģ˶ǻѡĻģϾ·̫µѹҲ̫󡣡 
ɽЩȵߣסңļſģȻʵˣҲѡֻþԼÿһЩǲ빼̶̼ʮĹգƽңҲʲôĿꡣ 
ɽ̧ͷЦЩƤƻԿǿǡ룬Էʱ̬ȺҲȷʵе㲻һ 
Դʡʡİ㣬ȥϴ裬һľζ컹ϲϿˡ 
ɽЦȥϴˣ΢Ʋʲô뷨ɣܿ죬ҷ˳ɽܺԼĺ˼롣ܵģһЩ¶Ϊұ˴Щ֮ͬȻ׽һЩҪ˵Ǹ̸ϵġ 




18 





Ŀȴҧľӻ壬ƿ۾һֵ˵ߡơġ¡ǡ㡢ġ 
ʣǿ϶ 
鷢ᣬҲ˲йͷձҷ񶨣ΪҵЩ嶯ֶܲ˺˵ĵزⷬڶУ뵽ȴװ׵ظң£Ϊ 
ҿûа־ţھΣģһ 
ңǣ𣿺οһҲ˭ܵȥ˵˵㲻֪˵Ҳδҵˣˣ˭ֻĻҲΪ˱ʩЩֶΣֺα 
һʱ˵ʶǸ᣿˵ʲ᣿һΪҾͿӵֶ˺ˣ˺һ޹Ŀ޴ٶˣ 
Ȼ˵ںЩ۾ľͿԿóڵλѹжƽո˵˵ЦЦڼ棬ȫ䵭Ĵк㼱ȥ۷׷ˣ±Ⱦʲ֢ƵģͬǣȻµģǰ춻ƱӲ̫ѿЩһһͶԹ͵ƵĿ⣬Ҫ˵ˣһԿ˶λˣҲ֪ϴ˵ִǵڶ 
һеһУ׾Ȼϣ˵ΪҲŻ 
Ҿ󱻾ĻһյѰһһȭ˳ϡ 
ϡòãʵҲҪ㣬˭ƽʱܶ˵᲻֪ǵĹϵ㻹ͱȣҲ˲ŻġܹҲΪ㰡ҲܾΪС¾ͲҰɣȥǶɣ˵Ҫӡ 
˰ɣ㣡Ҵĺ 
Ҫĳ͵ضĬĿڳڲࡣ 
Ȼ£̫ʧˡˣܹˣΪֹɡ 
͵תͷ˻Ƶʣʲ˼ 
ҺʾĻһΣҵ˼Һ㣬Ϊֹ֣᲻ʶŹţ··㣬ҡ˰ɣ 
Ϊʲ᣿Ϊ¶ҧгݵ˵ 
ɻ㻹Ҫʲ᣿ҵѣΪǱܣȴڱɢҥԣڵλﱻָָ㣬ѣȻ˵С¶Ҳǳˣûе¸Уǰ˽Ȥǰɣ᲻ȥֱ˵ԼͬǸͬ˾ң㲻ǲ𣿰뱣ĺĵ⣬ųҲ˵ߵζΰȥΪԼͬĸоܽĸоȥ 
ڿΪңʣΪ㲻ǻҸ˴һԺظͣƨҸʵʱ͸һƣ㿴ЩʲᣬʲˣҾȻͣҷҡ 
˵žҪȥҲٴȥҾ͵ģڵģǸЦȻ鱳ҵˣǰΪԼνˣŪֶ˺˵ˣȻ޷ٷˡ 
ƹ¥ȥȴ˳һקסңҵȭͷϵţ˵ϡ 
쵰Ҫ뿪ȴѹСĿռҵĶʱҲŷԼвߺǣҲٶˣڳϣҿʼͼԼ侲 
§ңͷҵľ䣬ϣϣ㵽ˣҵǸҴ˻С 
Ϣұ۾ƣ뽥ϯңۼˣĸ飬ǻģѾˡ 
֪˶ʱᣬƽ˵ֿ֣ɡ 
ҡͬ⡣󱻾ʯ顣 
һ᳷壬ڿϣҵ·ָƽյĵȻְɣѾûˣƽľ̸̸ɡ 
Ҹղŵļŵ 
ģûˡ 
ϣҡ 
ûҽضĻ˵ɡö໰˵͸˵ɾһֱ˻ᣬ췴Ҳ˵ݶϣ԰ѻ˵ˡ 
˵ͷ΢˼˿ڣӷֿסᣬ˺ܶ࣬ҲͼһЩı䣬µǵĹϵҲóǰЩӹúƽ˳һֱԸϵǣʵҾúۡȻҿԽ˼˵ԴֵҵĿ벻죬ҵĹϵϣȴǶһ˼㿪ģСһһҶ룬ǲǲˣûаȫˣоҵˣĺۣұֱгԻΪǰеЭҼּ 
ֱңҲŷ֣ǶʱҲԼıԣʵң㲻Ҳġɼʹһ㯣ǻܼܲȥ 
ȻһֱûңҲã˴侲һ£ɽأǵûǵ֢ȥ£ǺʧǳʧȻûȨָ㣬ΪϾܵ˺ǱƣΪûа취ԭ£һ뵽˵ΪҶȥһֶܵԴҾ;ûһܡ 
αڸҵɴķֿߵһǶԸ⣬ʵˣǿȥҲʵûҪҲΪȥΥԼ׼£ҲǿԼȥı䣬ԣȥֻзֿˡ 
һ˵Լ뷨ϣһʣֻĵؿңĿйˡ 
תͷٿ򿪳ţ˫̤ڵʱ˵˾䣬ԲȻ첽¥ȥ 


19 




ԭΪһҹߣȴ˯ֻУ˫¶˵۾ϷŹҡѵؿݶ컨ʱо۽Щ΢΢ʪȴûзֺڣǳڣµһˣΪԼɡ 
λʱǡ־ĿյҶѿʼæµ׼ֻˣ绰Ĵ绰ȥߵĲӰҲ䵽һЩ飬˱Լ̶ĲλԱһЩģƩϵĳҳһЩ鼮ԱḻַϴֻṩһЩڻϷԵĴȵȵ顣 
һæµԸ鳡ʧ⣬ְԵɡ 
ֱ°ʱſƣĲӻص˰칫ң΢ϢƬ̣һ׼ؼҡ 
վƴֿϤĳӣҶȻתΪӣҲһ꣬ƣԶĳվȥ 
ˣ㲻ǱҪĳ㲻æͷ˰ɣЩر˵߻ͷվơ 
ҲҲõûٽֻͣǰ 
׷ңǺǣϰҲʱ˵ºˣαġ 
Щ΢գ˵Ļ˵ľˣʲᣬ޷ǲϷ֣¿ʼǶѲǺӣֶ˵ľܸĵģһ첻ͻںޣǱȻģοο¡ 
ƣھΡ 
ϣ㵽ˣᷳ𣿡 
ǣѾˣˡˣܵˣҵĹ˾𣿡Ҳִת˻⣬ȻھΣ࣬뱣ϣҲ˽زƶʲԹ 
˼һҿЦף10һͲˣοֻǲģҪǩԼܷġʱ䣬ܿɡ 
㻹ҪŬˣˣҲмҹ˾ѵӸ㡣ȥʿǶ־ȽϸȤԭҵĿĹ˾ԱȽϴ󡣡 
áϣһȥԷһҷɧɣٺ١ߴӦ߿Ц 
ҲһЦ˵Ҫҵ⡣ҪӦͻȻɽ˵˻ؼҳԷ 
ܲˣҴӦҵܻȥԷ 
Ҳͦ鷳һ԰ɣѧϰҲͦƣһ 
Ҳǣ绰Լ˳ɽһԷɽ˵һȾƵҲǸ˵ĺܣˬԼõط˵绰Ÿоɽʵ̫µˡ 
߳ƺͳɽֵܣϵرĵĲֺɺЦ˵ͶƢ 
ƿһƲչ˵ϣ᲻˵ǲ˵̫ˣǺǡ 
᣿ͦ˼û뵽ǻĹҴ£ʲἸϵʲ߾Σ˵ͷͷǵġ 
죬Ҹִ¶ȤȽϲȥоЩʱ¶ЩǹʲģͷҸ㿴д£һѿͦƵĵе޵ġ 
̿סЦƵΪϲԭҲϲ˵ͷһ֣̽̽ˣһ֪мУרЩĶʱһȥ䣿 
ҺЦͷҲмϲãƱתΪҺͱੲݣɽѼˣ˵ľƵһûٺȣʱʱҪͳɽܸˣףһЦ֧ 
ͱƷֻصʱɽмˡ 
ɽɳϲû취ֻȥݲѾơ 
磬⼸û磬ֳˣ 
Ƭ̣ĬݺõĲ͵ɽ棬֧̣ǡˡ 
ɽһ㶣ˣ 
ţúۣˡ 
ɽܻ˿ڲ裬˿Ҳáͬˣ 
ʲҲû˵ûᣬҪˣҲ档 
Ŷɣ 
³̣ŤƮɢ鱾Ǻþۺɢġ˵ȴ°ʱϵ񣬿ҪЩʱܽܡ 
ֻеġɽǵĿҡ 
ЦЦȴЩʹ϶飬ǻ˺˺ԼҲʼ˺ңȻ˺ģֻҡ 
ˣûµġЩʱʲ¶ĸɸɾˡĻҷҪͣļˡ 
ǺǣҲǵģ˵ˡɽܻЦˣ磬ǲǸһģ 
һᣬָʲᣬЦЦĿҲܿó 
ǰʵʵġһ΢ԻӣԼʲû뵽ԭ֮ġȻͻȻתӣ磬һߣһ 
ҺЦȻǺȵĶˣʱҲ˵Ļ˵ˣƲǣҲһϲŮ˵ģ˶ǻѡĻģϾ·̫µѹҲ̫󡣡 
ɽЩȵߣסңļſģȻʵˣҲѡֻþԼÿһЩǲ빼̶̼ʮĹգƽңҲʲĿꡣ 
ɽ̧ͷЦЩƤƻԿǿǡ룬Էʱ̬ȺҲȷʵе㲻һ 
Դʡʡİ㣬ȥϴ裬һľζ컹ϲϿˡ 
ɽЦȥϴˣ΢Ʋʲ뷨ɣܿ죬ҷ˳ɽܺԼĺ˼롣ܵģһЩ¶Ϊұ˴Щ֮ͬȻ׽һЩҪ˵Ǹ̸ϵġ 


20 




ǸｻĳϣҪܣȻܣΪʽҳԵһͷֻ͵￴ϵͬ¸˼νӦ֮ʡ 
ʵҲ֪ϵĴ󲿷˶һǺܲģҲ˵ҵӲĹ̬ȣֿĴˣĴҲǼģС־磬󵽳磬ֻҪʶˣĸᵽָһáȻƱ˭Ҳ˵ʲᣬΨֳ಻Ƹ飬Ūգֵ˵ȨߡԴֻǸɱζ˵ЩĻһһľƣһƬڸ˼ȵա 
ҲЩįģϯ俴һֱǺЦݿ䣬Ƿ˼ģҰ²⣬ۻľ飬ǲϾʹڼҰģı飬ҵ˿ɷȵĵطʵǺЩﲻã澡չš 
ʵ巳ζҾƺ֮ʣܵſڳ̣˳ЩʿһҲ첽˳ 
ҲˣǲǰòˣǺǡ 
ĶܣЩСҪҺȻԶˡġ 
᣿ҰɡҿЦȴɻ಻֪Ϊʲҡ 
ǲ㣬һߣĵľСˡѽϺͺģȴ˭󡣰˵ˣ㵹Ǻ£ˬ²ڴȰһᣬƵĹذһᡣ 
°֮֮Уҵߵ¡ԾЦһദϰһΪĹذ 
ƶ졣Ǻǣ⡣֮ǰϻƳ̸һأλӣˣǫ飬һֱԼκͱƺĿĿı֣Ҷ֪ǿȦɵġѽȻûʱӦóҲǺΪȻġ˵λӹܲˣƱϾ̫ۣˣ˵ʵŲѻ 
˵˸߲ңɣȴûнǻǵԼȴǶְλЩУǹߣֻɽһıһһд³ﻮĿˣƱҪ־﷽ĹϵûΪ˵ĲͣѵľʵԶ־Ͷ룬ȴҲԸġȻְλҲȫȻûкôϾڹľڽĹжõĪ洦вƵнʡ 
Ը⻹ѡҲҪ˵ĵڶλ¡ 
Ŷ 
һЦЩһֱͼҹ˾ϵͶ徭ӪһݿȻǹҿ磬Ƕ㣬ÿｻǮˣ־ͬԼĳɼӵ֪ûȤҵȻǺϣܹңǸմҵȻܶ෽ͬ־粻ܱȵģҪԼһֻǸ˼㿼ǿǡ 
˼һȷ޷ֻлĺ⣬Ҫʱ俼һ¡ͷͬ˵ԭǼҪһԸúú롣 
˵ܳǣ˵涼أȥǱƸ춶䣬ص 
ûһƱǰ˳˿ֻǰƣǻ䣬ƿȥһֱƲĺƣԱߵ˵ֻǴֱ㶵񿴵óǺȵĲˡ 
̾˿кһ˵ͱƻȥˣʡ˼˼䣬ҲɵҰ뱧Ĵ˳ 
վſڣҾסĶߴĲ֪˵ʲᣬȴһ䶼ӣ֪ҲȻˣֻð˼ҡ 
Һ⼸ɽܻؼȥŮѣճұֱӽϵɽܴϣȴδ˯ȥڴؿңǺֺЦ 
ƣƣ벻£ҪҪϴ 
šӦȴһԥֻë˲ 
һЩˣϣ𣿳ϡ˵һץסҵ 
ǰҡͬСһ 
ǡҡ˳ۣ֪ܡܡ³һ仰۾΢΢ϡ 
ȴһᣬ˵żлƱĹϵǸԵĹϵȻҲ֪â˵ǲںɱϾմȺ˵УʲᶼȥЩԲᣬԲ߷ѣм˿ĵվĶ˶ǵĹ۸йȻһǱǶԼĿֺγǻһˡ˳ɻڿʱҲɲ㲻ԼɡǿȻǿģǿжٵͲΪ֪ʹء 
Ҹ˸ͷ֪δȴĵ˵ģܹӾͺˣܿ϶ԼʱЩ˵ڮپֻúЦˡ 
Ժ۾ңȴЩһʱȵģ˳Ʊ§ڻ 
ңҲŲںֻں㡭㡭 
ǺȴޱȵҶѿ˫֣վϣϡ 
ʵľʵǡؿɻǷĺȴһ΢΢ 
ȷ˯ˣ³ذ˱ӣҷȥϴ裬ˮȥһ̾ζҾͷȴЩʹ˵ֻǾ仰һɵѵ֮ʣ޷ۣûϵ˼ԭΪֻѵģǷЩʲط᣿˵Զǰɽ˵Ļ޷ȷǷӽ 
ȥģǰҪӦԡҶָأԼ 
Ҫһ㱻ɣ鿪ȴçײĸԣ֮ȴŬ̬ȣԼͷԺʱԸһѣ˵鰮ȷǴδοԼŸոսһθ飬˼پ춴ˡĪˬˬĹӲźáƣҲǺģǺһİ¡ 
ĿǰĹϵƺõѡʱ׻װҲӱܣֻʱñ˴˸õѣõѡ񡣱ƻᣬʺϹġ 
Ұĵ˴ֻ̫ۣҪҸʱȻףύŮѣԼӦֻеһͣͣʱֻĿǰʱ 


21 




ڶ𴲵ʱ򣬱Ѿ緹׼ˣ߲˼ЦЦϣҺ̫ˣ죬Һڡ 
ҲЦˣ˵ʲᣬһǵˣǰö֪ˣʵ 
ţҽ˵Һȶ˾˯Ʒ̫ 
ҵͷԹⲻ̸ 
ϣҽ˵ѾǱ̸־ֳȥ£˳ֻܿгͷû־ӪҲ׼Щ˾һÿ꽻Ǯ㡣 
һûϵƱ˵дȨգһӪãسͺˣ·Ƹۡ 
Ʊаշзû⣿ɻʡ 
ƻĿӣҾ˵˼Ѿȷû⣬ΪҵһогɼæǸˣܾϡ 
ͣȥв˵֣ȻҪǱߵĹܵС־УⲻԼǰ;ЦʲᣬΪңֵزǺο࡭ 
ҾԼǱèצ߶һҵëȥҲҲͷòˡ 
ϡ㣬죿С̽ѯ 
ҷüͷƵػش𣬡죬Ҳû취ֹ 
Ƶ͵ʹӦһ˵ 
ȴ룬ƱҪ̸һ̸ЩƶվƴĵȺϵı䶯ɱľģЩ΢ĸжֻ֮ţΪִˣּġ̸һ̸Ƿ֮ľƽϢǷִأʵûаա 
һϰͱƱе˰칫ңҶ棬ƱЦ棬ϲѶ 
Сİ㵽־Ҳ˰ɣʱ䣬ıһֱ㣬Ҷǿġԭأ˲͸εģҲ֪ض࣬űһֱûлᡣˣҺ쵼Ҳˣǿʤģϣṩƽ̨ķӣ־˶ǸܺõĻᡣ 
ûϵƱ̸£Ȼ֪Ż죬ллƱĿ϶ϣܸʱ俼ǿǣϾһ̫ᣬҲޣ֪ԼǷĺá 
ƱһܿЦˣȻȻĵҲǶԵģҲǶԼͶ־縺Ҿ͵Ĵ𸴡 
ͷ֣˵һ濼ǣ𸴡 

֪ˣ߶ʱơ 
ţǺǣҲ϶˵Ҿû졣Ҳǵģ⻹Ҫʲᣬζβأ 
Щ˳ѡʹģζԵõһЩֱʧȥһЩҲ𣿡 
ʼ磬ǰ㣬Ҿûˡ 
ҺɵĿһۣȷǷл֪ᣬƺЩͬˣǰ˵ʲᣬȻֻ˼ڣЩһ̲סȥޡ˵ͨɣһһ޷ȥķѿͳɳתҶԣȻģΪȥҲ᲻Զѵ̬£ʵûй˼ȥ¡ 
ȥǶæԥ 
Щȣ˵Ǳߵ˵˵ʵӹǶȽǱ߿϶־зչҲ˵ҵ࣬άӮ¶Ҫ´󹦷ġȷҪԥ𣿡 
ǡϲ˵º磬¹̹ʵ˵ġֻᣬĶԱԡ 
ЩΣǵǣ˵ŻҪİɡһϣ£١١ 
вõԤУЦĻ޾ɵģһûɡ 
ţҲãٿǿǡ 
ûʱ붫Ŀĸӣֻ׼ĳҵ°ٿϵĳʱͷѣ뵽Ҫ־繤£ǿȥ 
һû˵ȿ˿ڣϣҳԶٷòã 
ҿνЦݿ䣬ٲȻǲֵģʶҪܾϽ˵հ𣿡 
һˣʲյҴӲϣƺֻˣԾͳ԰ɣҲл˵յνҪ˵ġ 
ҵ˵ͷ˳ȥһҲŷҵķ 
ҪȥĶԣ 
һۣѸǰؼҳ԰Ҷ׼ˣ˺ܿͿԳԣ˵⣬ϲ֡ 
ûпĬˣһ⣬Ӧûйϵİɡ 
Ȼ˵ȫ׼ˣռֱһ㣬ѩ׵̨յϲԵˮϲȵϣڳҲϴ׵ֻ¹ϣȥæµһһڵĲ˱ 
ϣտ֡϶ 
ҵ˵ллüֱûĲЦݣֻͷԲˣֻһȾƣҡ 
βʱԾҪ쿪ˣȻ²ģҲ±ˡ 
ϡ 
ϡ 
ȥִֵؽȫЩϣҪƻգˣ𣿡 
˵ʲᣬȴ£ֻȴƱ顣 
ҿżɽֱ⣬˵Ҫ־У 
ǡֵĻֻ˵Ҳûͬ⡣ 
бҪܹǰ;־ͳı߸зչӦúΪңǣ㣬ҪȰֹϵǣ粻 
Ϊ˭ҵ£ûзչԼɫ꣬ȾҲʧƽʱȡ 
̺òã˵þۺɢֻ˷ʱ䣬˵ģһʱ嶯ʱ˵ĻҲģ˵ǵˡ 
顱һһϣ⧲ϱӵˣһɫ֭ҺѪһҵ·ϡʲþۺɢ㣬㶼ûһоҳϱƵҲãѾˣ㵽ҪҾֵͬģ 
ֽ·ŭҶԺú̸̸ͷ׾ϷֵƵĵ׻һͷ 

22 
ó绰һ룬ܿ촫Ӧ 
ƣԹţã棬һȥXXXX¥203ţԣһѵļңҵ˵ţBYE 
ϣĲš 
ΪʲҪʲ˼㲻˵ûʲΪʲʱ㡭 
֮ǰûʲᣬ֮Ͳһˡģش֪ʵǸ׵Ϸ룬ȴˣ˵ˣ㣬ıѡ 
Ȼ˽ģɲˣǲ̡֮ʱԭöϣѿʱƽʱȴһɡԹ޿ɳΪʵɣᣬһá 
ҿǱƷڵصʳѩ׵̨ˡ 
һıңеķŭ˴ȻƽĿҺܺãҲҪˣڣԭˡ 
˫סҵļ磬һ˿˿ʹûг۾ʹǲҪԼ˵ѡ֮ʹģȴԶ޷ӱܵģʵʧȥһЩͬʱ㻹ɵõһЩ 
Ĺݣ飬û˻ȥһ꣬׾׿ҹϱˣҶ𣿻Ǹ㣿˵ҡҵļ³ĻĴҪסҵġ 
ֻϧĻʱҵȭͷѾͷԸѡ񣬿סܵĸҲ߬ʹ֣˵ĵĻˣ˭ûȨȥ˵ҲһʾҫһûģֻҪ㣬֮䣬ˡĸԣһҪۼŸİɣᣬԸ 
ڣҲ΢ԭǿġ 
קɳϣڶ棬̣سĿ⣬ȥ̽ҲԼףڵϵľƲˣⷬʵ̣ˡİɡҸϲڸϼв壬ʧӰ٣⣬Ҳѧġ죬ҸлǸҵˣΪˣһѧ᳤ֻĮȥαװҵŭԼӱܡ 
Ϩ˿յ̵ֵ٣ضҿ˿ҽԼɳϿȥҲͬϸĴĿ⣬һЩԾԾԶ۹޷ܣվ絽ߣЩӲûҪµó̡ȴͷɳϣַסҵĺ޷϶ѹҵϣң۾΢Щ졣 
Ϊʲ᣿µ˵ֻһλöû˵־ͷ֣һҲûУһֱʹң뵽㣬ְ£ЩҲںҲûоģġ 
ҵĴϷҧȴʹΪѣǶסصĳҵĸɣģöþȫ͵ƿ˶̲ס˼ḧӣڲ輸Ե˵仰ȴֲԸŵĺ⡣ 
ҿ첽ߵؿţվǴɻıƣҵŴ۾δ˵һ˽ţǰȥֻ˿˵ҸæݳϷ֪̬ڱϿǼǵġ 
Ƶ֣һϻվ 
Խƣ΢Ц˵ϣġ 
תͷ˵ƣͬ£ҲڵġѡóҵĻñ΢һܿҵ˼ַſңҵļࡣ 
Ц˵ã˼ˡֿ˿ңǽҰģ֪Ҳ֪һصǽԼҺϵģ֪ոշʲ£ӦͬʱҲЩΡ 
ƽ˵ллһֱԳϵչˣԲعˣһġϵƢе󣬸鷳ˣ㲻Ļһ£ˡ˵һǣͣ˻ 
΢ͷʱȴϺܿӲ輸Ĺʲᶫǳ˹Ƕڵƹ׹⣬һʶƿϵıƣŤת嵲ǰ棬ֻǲ䣬Ҿߣʲᶫƺᱳļ·ְγ 
һʱ䣬ĬҾЩʹﴫ 
ƱҴУϣϡҲ֪ʲ£ϴǺ޵ü˰ɣЦЦû¡ 
תͷϣﻹǰѴѪĵӣ·Լʲᡣ 
ҲЩ֣ǱһᣬʹƺҲûһѪӿעģһվһ˵˰ɣǷġᡭ 
˵ˣҾúʵѣԼڴ绰Ա˵𡭱͡˵ǡЦ 


23 




һֱѵģ˱ƺȳȥŵ֪ǰ̧˳֪Ƹ˳ûУҲƸ˽ҵ˿ΪЦֵĹСı˵ģ̫ñΪûн͡ 
ֻҽĿԽԽ٣ԣʼձ۾ 
ΪҺûҺֻһֱֳ˺ູܶȵġʵ˵Ǹ뵽ԼҲδ˵ûڡ 
ҽԺʱҲŻ۾ſڲϣҽҷ룬ҩҲʹҺᱳȻ봩ӣһöġƱҽȥƬˣ˵˿ûдѪΪѪǻҺ磬ȻҿϢ 
ܿұ˲һѪһҺһֱҽƬ˵ֻһ㣬û˵Σʵ˷εıԵһͺ鷳ˡ 
ҽЦЦʾлҽֵؿҼ۲뿪ûһЦó˰ɣȻһվһ߲ңҲ˵ȴ۾죬Ҫ޳Ƶġ 
ʱѾоöˣֻͷ̫ͣЩƿüͷæңﻹģҪҪҽ 
ãѴҡЩˡ 
æܵβȻǼİҽԺʩŪװѴҡߣҰҵ˸ͷʱͷѾöǺˡ 
ģûˡЦЦذʵڲĪˮ˸˵¡ 
Ҵ࣬ҿϵİ߰Ѫ˵ˣúɣ˿۲ۣһȥü· 
ҿ˿棬Ҳ֪Ǽˣҹ˾ģȥˣԱǸմ˯ɣ컹Ҫϰ࣬û£Һһᰴлʿġ 
ҡͷȥ˯Ҳ˵ɵؿң۾һҿЦõرٸ˵ʲᣬ֪ͱ۾ԺĵҲ˯һֻ˿ڵʹҩȥ¶ţ۾ʱƻһ￴ң֣㡭һֱǶ 
ţˣǲ˿ۣ˵˻۵ģ̲סĻͳԿֹʹҩɡ 
ˣܵˡ˵ȴ˿ڴԽԽˣ̲סüͷ 
̾˿ʲǿأʮһ룬۲Ź֣ҩɡңҩֱֶιҺˮ 
Թҩ£Ҳ֪ˣûҽԺҲðɣҲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲᣬû뵽ҵֶΪǵĽ¾šֻǶԲˣ֪ҵĸ黹ƫ¡ڣЩˣ϶㣬ҵĶٿ㣬һҪǰ˰ɣˣǲֵҲշת䰾ĿʹˡϾֻһΣʮĹƽҲ 
ʱǵڶˡƲڣ˿Ӧϰ˰ɣܱչ治֪Ҫ˵ЩʲˣǷ̫ʵǼ鷳£Ǳơ 
죬ҵľǺ̫࣬ĴˡĻ˫˼䣬еӣԴģƻݳޣ˿ͷ񣬷ˮң΢һЦܵ 
ΣʵģѪֻȥˮնӣ˿͵һʹҴֲһӴˮȫ˵ϣҽٶ 
ȴ͵ƿţǰ 
̧ͷϡ 
˿ڸʹˣһԿʹҲϾҴҿһֻۣȥʰµǽ壬ˮɾϴ˱ӵˮҲžԺЩ 
ˮҡҡͷû˺ˮ 
ϣҡƵò񻰡 
ҿȴҿңвѪ˿һƬڣͷҲץһ㣬һҹѣȴҹ߲ݡ 
촽΢кܶ໰Ҫ˵ȴһٵĬҲҪ˵ʲᣬ˵ʲᡣ 
̾˿Ƿ˵һԲɺɱǷ˵һҲ㼴ɼȥϵھΣǣһ˺ɹȥһȴɢҶа⣬˵ҶһֶûУᣬҾ˵ˡ 
ʲҲ˵ˣȥɣʲᣬҲѾˡҵʹ˵ 
վǳֽ֧ܵһ㣬ƮƮƿʱ£Ȼıסҵ˫ȣ䣬ʰĵૣңңҲ֪Ϊʲֻ̫㣬ҺʧȥҲܡҲΪˣǵԼϡϣϣϣ㣬ҡҪҪ졭 
ȼ䷴˵վ±ϵľ 
ʵ㣬֮䣬ศģް޺ˡӴƵ壬ӴɣӴˣңİ·ա⣬Ωһϣˡ 
⻰ȴ˵ˣӼʹްҲΪ֮ϧϾ߹мį¶꣬ǣжٸֱ꣬ڰɢĽ죬ǻļġ 
ҡ㡭ظǰһζĴ𰸡 
΢΢һ֪ˣȴûǷҵϡҲֻܾؿ 
Ȼű򿪣һ˽ 


24 




ƿ΢һ漴µߵ˴ͷߴӰó·߶˵Ұ·ʰһЩ㿴ʲᶫٻȥáڿ̧ͷֱֱҵϣ˵ܣ㱵شӦ˱һǵĶԻȻһ 
͵ջĿ⣬϶Ƶ˵úչ 
Ʋһһġ 
ֿ˿ңתȥֻǽŲԵأ·𲽲ԼɬǹŵҲͣ 
۾֪ڿңȴûȥԼ飬˺ܶ࣬˵أʵҵĲǣ˵ȫܹƺҵģΪΪãȴûʹǷúùһԼ׼ȥŵģȴ˵ֻ޷ͷ޷ͬһӡˢϵ־ջصĻǲ˵ģֻĬǰȥ 
Ȱ·˰ɡҵĬۣҵ˵ͷعܣҺģ޴ƣֻñӸ軻ֻпˣӼմȾѪϵƺһ⣬ǰ߰ߵ㾭һҹʱ䣬Ѹ͸ɫһСƬһСƬĲӣԵʮְࡣ 
ƽ⿪ҵƤ§ҵҵ΢̧˳ƽȻóһƽڼҴ˶ϡʱ˿ӴҶЩڣӱܵ뵽ҹûԸжãֻѣΪ˽زʧȥݹذ 
΢бĿȥƵҲ͸Ҳڲڰɡ 
޹ͱһû¶ƵģĶм˵һ䡣 
Ҽ˶תϣȻ޹ʣұġ 
֣ǰȥ 
С̹ʵ˵ 
ˣңͫ͵ 
ҡҡͷĿת⣬֪˵ȥ 
˾˵ӣ˿ˡܡܺƵ˵ 
ҿЦʲ˵ͿԾɵģΨһļֵ˴мȡľͽѵɣ˵ַʽ̫ 
ƣҾˣȥǱ߰æסԺʱ䣬л͸Ʊ͸ɣҲǰ׼Ժһᾡϴְ뿪ġ 
һ㶣ἱ˵Ҫúÿǿǵ𣿼ҶˣûסԺʲģֻ˵мʱȥ٣иˡȳԺپҲ١ 
ˣѾˣȻ֪ҪסãȸƱкߵ̫һʱӦԣοҪҿְ£Ҳһ˴𸴡绰˵ᷴãǹϵһ򲻴֪ģ͸ҴҪְ˼Ȼס 
ΪҲҪˡ 
̹ȻƣƬΪ֮䣬һ⸶ǸҡֻݹѡһݶԼģԼĵģҲûΪҷҪ־繤ˣ֪ԻƱЩ˵ȥƾϵȷʵûбҪõĻᡣΪҶһˣҲ 
ؿңҲЩαض˵࣬Һ֮Ҳ޹صİǡҾǲԸ˵Ϊ 
ƴͷ˵ĿһԵ˳ȥҷҵؿһ˿˿ͷأһжԾˣϺͱƺֻҪǣҾ;Լ˺ܶ¡ҵĴָҪǶԵģִļǰƺ˽Ľڡ 
ҽȥץͷֳʹ˿ڡֱĥֲڵɳҿɬЦһ˵ƺҵ壬ҵǺͷԶһˡ 
ƶ·˽Ӱóϴ·ۿʼһĴϴЩѪա 
Ƶؿһ˵Ѿˣо˰ɣϴˡ 
֪ö˶ûʲϴġ˵̧ͷһִۣ֡ 
ƣ㡭 
꣬ȻкĻҽӲȥ 
ĶѪչȻȥֻһȦȦĺۼƾŬҲɱǳҵϣԼɼ 
ҾͲϴȥˡĸӽ 
ҿǶӣͻȻеֺЦһĶȻ˵µĻ 
ЦЦǲеģϰɣȻͷҺˣЩƯݹƾϴˡ 
ִͣͣϴЦ̾ǸִСӡ 
ٿҴ˵ӣССķ磬кŮòˣֻǱ̨ʺ顣 
һûһĿ˼ʱ䲻ȥϰ෴ϢģоʵҲһֱѵʱ򣬳˲жҲɼٲ࣬ľͲȥˣЩͿЩҹһһհɡ̲ס䡱ѹ˶ԸǮУҲȷˣΪ÷ѾĻĥĥ£ÿɫˬˬһǮһֻҲȤζˡν룬νֵҲϲΪԱůͷ۵ƽ֮ҵÿɹԼͣܽĽڰա˸ɵймܴӰʵЩƶʱԸء 
˼ɳƵУܲ˵Щ˼ԽװףԽʵʲᶼ֪ˡ 
һ˵һҪ˵𣿾һҲˣ 
ĬԵصȴҲЩңıҪΪһ𣿿Ǿ𸴲ſԲſɲ˺ˣ 


25 




Ҳûп̫ãҲûм˵ȥҲһ˵ʲģֻϧʿС˽һλ˺Ͳӡ 
ʿ߸ң²ˡҿʿ˵ͷ۾ȴͣ˱ƺͽŵ֮䡣 
Ƭѿɶ϶ʶģΪƿʱսҵĿӵ⣬ӵıҲǾ͡ΣûпĻƺӦݡҲɫغϵ˴˸кҲԼٶȻָʶ 
ҿȥ΢ЩӲ֣˶ĳֻȴɼҺͱƶҪһʱ仺ɡ 
СӣҲ಻ã 
ŤͷЦңһ漴Цǣֻ˵ˡ಻ãﲻ𣿡 
ӽӹʵǸסʮ¥ģǶƣΪʱûдλԵ⡣Ұǵ 
ҵ˵ͷʾ֪йѪܲķˣҲȻʲΣԵֽҲаٷ֮²̨ģ춳˵ҲһΣյˡ 
鵹ҲĽ̸ڴϾͺ̸Ĳ鼰δΣҺЦżͷǷô绰ɽܣҵΣҪסʮµģñǲס 
˻˽Ҳ˴кЦ˵ܵܣ 
һش𣬱ƾ˵ǣѡ 
˱һۣ˵˵ͷ 
þСⷶǺǣӿˡ 
Ҳ̿סԭλϲءɫࡱģٿƣ΢죬ڨڨЩ˼ȴǽƣһ˼ı顣 
Ц˵٩ƣǰٴ͸ˡ 
Һ˾һûһ죬ƺҲ;һ㣬תۼǵзʱ 
Ϊֱ۲̫Ӱ˿ڣֻɱһһ׵ιˣЩڣʶıιľ⻹ǵһΡιұƲԼͬιʱϸԵ»ʵģЦЦؿʱʼվò෽һĨ̽ڸ档һɣܳѺõһҪʱܵעʼ˲ġ 
Ƴʰ׵Ҷ˵ֻ绰ɽܡ 
ЦЦؿң̺Ĳܵ 
Ķܣ㲻ܰϵоǱ߳ҪܣĿ¶һ컹ԣʱ˿϶С 
ûµģ̵ʵˣʵһҲˣҿùģɽܺò׻ȥɡ 
ǣڼҾʹˣĿеĻܵģҪ˵ϣҪҼˣҲ顣 
Ƶ˵ͷ˵绰Ҷߣɽֻ˵˵ˣչˣæӦҽԺĵַ 
ƣóӵͬò죬ұߴȥϰࡣԥˡһԼֻûֻλ绰˰ʹֻ뿪 
Ҳ͸ճĹҲ˵˾ʲˡıӰȥ׷ˣֱǱƴǰѣֻǲ֪ǷǸϲȴûлӦˣǵĻӵҲǶģʵδ˵򵥡 
ҰڴҲðɣñط꣬ԼǴǰǸˣĥ⣬Ȼ繣ϧټЩͥԵðȵȵȵȡǣҶɳΪĵˣǵڣ鶼չѴͬ뵽ǸոջʾϲԼת۱žۣﻹ΢΢ʹһ£ֻܵ˺Ǹϵʧ䣬ȴûֵܷ 

ᣬɽʱֻһеķùǰһͰᵽ¥ϵⲡû֣˵һӣпվ͹㴲˱ƽĬֻû֮ǰϵĻ⣬Ҳϵصûǻ¡ 
Եɽ˵˵ԭ򣬳ɽֻûҰٰ㰲ҵƽϢŭۡ 
û¾ͺˣиһŹ 
ЦЦЩɬɰǣҲŹֺα֡ 
ɽܿЦã磬ǣ˳˼˵Ц 
ûͿԳԺˡðɣЩɵ 
ţ趼ûʲ£Ҳеá 
ˣҿɽܣﲻǲĵģȫȻ֪νл֪޷װ¡ 
ģ޹أùңӢĵܾܵȻʧˡ 
Цط£Ϊ黹 
ǲϲѱ 
ϸϸȥЦ£ɽܵȷԳЩį 
ܣ 
ðɣʵҲҿˣִҲǳ£ֻû뵽졣 
ţˣǰרĿɣôԼȰ˵¡ 
֪еζŮ˵ıи죬֮ǰúõģٻȥѶҵˣɵ绰ȴûҲȥŻһֱڹ 
˰ɣֲϽŮأһҲð࣬ѵһֱ绰άϵ飿ϵʲ£ְﲻæȻȥܰæģʵĴܱܷչ顣ѡԼҵҪеãֻǱӰѧϰϾ˵ܿҲ㲻Щˡ 
ҹ赭д˵ֻϣɽܿɰʧӰΪԼµĿŬЩ 



26 




춿ĲˣعѰ˵ģ˿ҲԼҪߣҽ˵ֻҪߣձɳԺҵ˺ࡣµʱ伸ڴĥǵˣЦɽ˵ٴȥɴֱתˡ 
Һˣ¿㿴ʱ䣬ԭҪƴӵλЩӿģɱִⲻϣ˵֪˵©죬һϸ룬ϰҪְĻһ̯ҪӵģǰҲδزǺ£㲻ٶ˵ 
ɽܻᣬһúڣֻǰɽڣֻ̬࣬ӵԵʣδ֪ˣ֮ǰԶ˶˼ǸһԣپЩ 
Ȼʱ䣬˼͸еĵõԾǻָ̬ 

ˡ 
߸簡磿ɽֵʡ 
ţȥ£˳Բȥˡ 
Ʊ˵Ц鿴ȷüҼҲģˣļҹ˾׶ˣ 
һЦԱߣ˼£ҪлҰ 
ңΪȡ 
ǰٺ٣㲻˵ҪǶæǵԿҿˣʶҹ˾ľȤĿҾ͸ˡ㲻˹ȥˣһݵĹ棬ˡ 
ɴ۾ƣֻһԿһĹ棬˵ĲСˡֻǡɵؿƱǱ֪˲ýɣ˵־ˣο߶ûϵġ 
ҡҡͷ֪㲻ЩĵģҴˣǱ˵ңͶʷҲȥģǱ༭ɫδЩķհ־ȻҪͶʷҪȥ͵춴ȥܹǿԸ̤ʵЩһƼ㣬¶ˣҲǹʵĺܡ־߾νˣͽԤֻһ񣬶Ҳǽп޵ġ 
ۣû࣬ҲͦԵġ˵أ磿ɽΪ 
ҵ˵ͷҲʵڳԶ춹ֻȫ⽫ڵãְܲãƺǿİţԼϲȥʲġ 
ϵ̬Ҳ˵һ־Ǻû򲻺ãֻȷǺܸжļ򣬡ֵܣлˡҳԺúһ١ 
Цüͷҳһ˰ǿɲɡ 
Ҫߣɣ 
˼״һʱҲ벻ˣȼʰɡ 
˵ҺͳɽܺЦ˵ҪҪñͱʼϵʡˡҲԾЦЦ 

ĿʵǺãʹ˿ǵóɽܺͱƳЦֹҹŭĿӣʲЦģɴ20춯ҲģܲŹ֣Ͳˡ 
ǣ˵˻ٷѵɣͣȥˡ 
ɽܱᱸ˵߸磬ĶŪ 
ٺ٣֪ 
ЦЦɽ˵ͷġ 
Һͳɽ˳ٳٲ̽ͷȥ˳վڳԱƵȥһͣλԶĵطƻ֣ĵȴ˵ĶӡƻͷңֻЦЦȴ֪ΪЩΣæͷȥ 
漴˳רǵסȥ 
صһͨڣ˭ҲҶɳϣͺȥʰˡ 
ͨĵ绰˵һ׼ȥǱ߹£Լ˵ڶϸ̸̸绰ﶼڲס˷ܣҲССҪҸоõһ¡Ҫһ»ɱ뵽Ǹ¶ĵЩʧ䣬ǼӦûúùúɣȻʱ仹̫̣ͻǲţʲᶼģɣӦҲ⡣ 
뵡ѽɳ·ḧǸ˿ڣǸ˴˲ĥӡ֮ᡭһݸʱףʱȴ˼ѣȴʱֻദʱҪá 
ʲأ񡣡ϰѵı˳ֽλҡ 
ûʲᣬո˵绰˵ȥ̸̸ʶػش˼ȴͣڱ𴦡 
ƿʼϵأҵĻشʲᷴӦֱϵҵĽ£ͣ˶ɳϿңἱ岻ǻҪϢ𣿸ıǮҪ̫ˡ 
޵ĵ˵ͷЩҵ̬ȣҪ˵ʲᣬֻ 
˿룬üͷ绰ЩͣƺھܾԷĳҪ̸£Թҵݺݵذ˹ػ 
ֵ 
ҽ㣬͸ˡ³ļʼϵء 
㣬ĹĴŸĲ࣬ʲ£ҲµͬеܵܵˣҶĽ㻹ʮͬĵģȻҴǺְܲġ 
ֱüң֪ҪҸȥ 
ҡҡͷ 
ף 
ͷһƽ˵ҲҲˡ 
ƵüͷʱƣĿңԱߣӲ˵Ҫ˵ 


27 




ҰѱȰȥӴЩŮˣδزҵԼϲĻ˻ȥʼ磬û 
㰡Ҫ˵ĵġ 
̾˿Ҫ˵ 
֪ҡҧЩ߷ߣװʲᶼ֪ӣҽԺ˵ˣԽҾԽ֪ʲᶼ㻹˵㲻ǳ 
һ£˵Ҳδزã֮ǰһζڴҲ˽ƣǲһģֻϲˣⱲӲлͥŮ㲻һѡѡӵЩĽ˵ѺáǰЩûʲᣬûУһ̤ȦӣʧȥЩһڵģʱͷ¿ʼͲˡǣ⣬۴Ϊ㻹ΪԼǣҶû취ܡ͸ɽһֵܡ 
̹ȻĬⷬ˵ЩҲЩǡ 
ƽĿңոյŭˣϣ³嶯ӿǵ𣿡 
ҡҡͷЩң˵ʲ᣿ 
˾ܳе𣿡 
ҡͷмɿ 
Ϊִģֻһֿ˵ĸ飬ȫ԰κĳɷ𣿡 
ҡͷ˵ĸĹ֮ͨȻҵҸղ˵ĻԼԼ 
㡭 
һû˵꣬һ⣬ûʹǲǽңȻҪĴ𸴣ʲŵ 
ҵһˣ˵ʲ˼ 
΢΢һЦϣԼ뷨ȴϣ˰ν淶ȥǲ̫ر׼ˣ֪ѡҸϲһˣߣֵѣܸͬİ飬Ըд𣿡 
ҵʹͷ֪ΪʲЩҿӯӣû𣿡 
ɳһᣬվ˵ȴҪڵΣȴҲԾһЩȻУ˸˽ĿشǸӵģȢſɲΪ̸˵ϣܳԵɿڵķˣ˸ϴµĳǶ˵ҪһһΪϲһҲΪҴѧ˺ܶණЩҶԹжԼ˸ʶ 
ͣƬ̣ȥϰѼϵأ˵˵ɣһ˵ⷣԶɣҿ˾ȻϣԶҲʹһ죬Ҳϲҿܻ˵óҲҵĴҪ衭 
һתĿɿڴĿȴЦգգ۾ҾЩ鴤 
磬׼Էˣ߸磬㻹ûϺõذҲ̫˵ɣ 
ϺãϺáƺܸ˵˵أˮȥһղ˵Ļأҹ¶һЦݡ˵ݶϣĺ޷ˣǼǵ⣬ҳ˽˵ƺҲûбѡˡ 

ĸ磬춻Ҷ켱ˣۿ־Ҫ˺ˣһֱ¶棬û׶һ칫ңͱˡ 
Цģҷģ϶û⣬һһ 
칫ͬ´кλϡϵĶ̸˾ȥ£ЩᡣǰɲЩʱ˼·߽˻Ʊİ칫ҡ 
Ʊ࣬һˣ˼᳤ʱ䡣 
⣬˭û°ϣ¶׵𣿡 
ţûˡʱ䣬̸̸ 
Կԡ˵ɣʲ𣿡 
ģΪһЩԭְ㿴ǲܾ˽һ¹Ҳٺżɽ˵˼Ҳе׶ġ 
ϰ鲻Ҫִٵؾ࿼ǿǡ־ܿҪȥˣѳҵľޣ㻹־кܴչġ֮ǰ˵๤ҲѾˣ־縱ܱλӣ˵۴ӹʻǴӾϣⶼһѵõĻᣬ㲻̫ϧķʲҪ󣬿̹ʵ˵һᾡġ 
ҲɺЦƸԤûʲЧΪǽҪнذɡ 
ллƱῴңûʲҪְΪҪȥһǱ߰æҿǺˣҲˣԺܱǸ鷳ˡһ־ߵģ⼸죬һˣҾ;ѸӺͷһЩϽˡ 
ƱüͷƺΣ˵ϢͽƣžͽɣһϣԿǿǣѹȻǺãԼǰ;ҲҪصġ־꣬Ҫɼʱȴ 
û˵ȥǿҼı顣΢ЩǸЦЦֻ˵һύ׵˳ɣ㲻˳ 
µʱ˰Żعζó᲻ߣǺܿڿӣӹʱҪҪһϲˡ΢΢һЦҲɣĽҲδǲã춺ܶ˵ˡ 
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵Ҫ뿪ʱڻƱͲеһ 
Ϊ뿪²ţҪԶٷǼ򵥵ĸ𣬲ǲñһԥһ£Ҳ˼ЦӦȥԼ˱ơЩ´Ҷף㲻ҪˣֻȫƾԼıˡ 
ͱһʱĬĬ˵ټˡ 


28 




µĵλкôģϱࡣȻԣͶʷҲһλֻܹԵĺʹҽƽﲢ¼幤ܵĽȨʹ༴ҴƼĿұҲ岻ݴǵĵ˱༭Ĺ˵ǹʵ²༭ѣһλЩͣЩˣԽ٣㲻̬ȶǼĵģܿıҲ˹ķΧһǺģϰʱ䲻ʹҶദˣʱϽϾʱ˵˵ЦЦҲо̬ࡣ 
־˱༭ͷľǷвˡʵͶ־Ĺ˾ܽ־жӯǲ־һýʽΪԼĲƷǰýǵֵùԼҹ˾˵ϰپǧãƪƼһȥЧڱͶ¼ʮҲܹﵽġ־жڿǹؼ֮еĹؼˡ 
в࣬ϵλʮҵŮˣһۿȥǼɵģֲ̫ˣˬʵ̬϶˵ӣŮ˵šλϬԴȴת̬ȣ춿صļƻȫĲö̵ӡÿÿʱұ룬УҲǰ;ġ 
еȻǼᴦµģ־˵ĹϵòҵȻҲ⣬˹гߵཻ˽Ҳʱĵģ˵Сϣһܵܣֻϧĸһӱ˴ӵĿ࣬ҲٳˡݸͬʱҲƣ˾Ҳһݲ˽˹ϵ 
ϣпնûУճ緹ܹҡ 
Ӧû£ˣ 
ѿ˸ưɣȥܵҸʹ߰Ҫпնһȥ 
Ϊѵؿ˿ʵĻش𣬡ҲȾȥưɡ 
ЦЦؿң˭˵ȾƾͲȥưˣ˵ˣҪ泳ҪȣһҴȥأȸһؼң⵽˭˭ء 
ʧЦֻõͷӦ 
ԹҺѵľưɣۣĲõǼµģǵʱЩ磬˲߲֪࣬ԭϰ嶼ûйǸָָ̨ʦ˵ӣ˵Ƕϰ壬¿ȥ 
һۣҾ˸кҲȥһû˵ʲᣬȴЩɻǰĻϰʮھӵˣϰҲǼİɣݣ 
ҪƷǸԺȻŬ״ȴԵɺ 
ˣϽ㣬ûɵģѴһ˰ɣģҲð 
Ƶһ껹̲סɧⷣԼҽԼȴʲ˼аһǸʲϰͷֲûǮҪ˺ⷣ治֪ⷵʱҪ㡣 
̲סЦ˳ʱСŮһˡ˵Ͻ㰡˼Ҹտţ˵ⷵ£ǲҲ̫ǸˡҿǸϰ岻ͻˣӦòԿġ 
㲻֪ȻҲʲ¶֪롣һ£ǽ˵ʵҵǵǮϻʲǡǸϰǸgayܾѺĿصģﲻ̤ʵת˵üįһģĪǶǸһĸ飿 
ֻ仰΢΢һתıӣʵgay𣿡 
ɳϣȻǣҲŵġ 
ǣǣǣ㻹ʲأ 
ߣǵĻҲŲģ˼Ըָʲ£ǣһˣɣСӡ˵ƳƳ̨ӣأʲ¶׵һҪһ 
Ͻ̫ˣΪԭgayģĺˡ 
Ͳˣҿɿⷽ顣һ˵϶ٶͬأֻǱֳͬԺ˵һ᲻Ϊԭͬġ 
ҿЦǲˣϽȻϲǸѵİɣȻαعĵ˵زרȥоֻǣʮ궼ûн飬עԵĸˣΪִһʱ䵹Ҳ֪Ҫ˵źá 
ã˵ˣңֵģ˰칫ҾǼҵģһ߶һеûġˬĶƱʾһȥЦ 
ȴ̲ס΢΢ϧƽտ֮ŮӣҲжٷպͿɬģϽͱҿˣҽ㣬²˵˭˵ 
Ͻңֵܡ 
Ǳߵݿʼ죬ưҲ֣˵ģЩİ죬ʼ˹˹ĵġ 
ֻҿ˿룬Ǳơ 
ϣĶأ 
ͬھưɣ𣿡 
ưɣǱߴΪȵ 
ЩЦǰˣ 
Ŷûû£㻹֪ͦܵģ˰ȥݰɣҲһҲһֱȥǸ硭ȥɣø˵ȥǩǸͬ¶Լ˸ˡ 
⡭.ԥһ£뱾ҲģƺҲûʲᣬοǱ߽ʶһ࣬û׼Ṥܱ˴˽һ¡ÿ˵绰˼ʮָˣֱ˵˶֣ұĵĸ˱Ƶַ˷˵绰 
Ѷ˧˧սңЦ 
ǺǣаɣС꣬Ͻ㣬ҪǲĻࡣҿЦ 
ûϷС 
΢һЦҲ𻰡 
ˡĿȻת˱𴦣˳۾̨ȥ 
ֻԶԶȴҲƲߡ 


29 




Ǹڰ̨ǰ˲ǣ޳֧ϣԼ΢ЦȻܿݣƺϤ̬ȴҵһһӿ죬ҵعĶ·Ҫһ㡣ƽϲûĳֲ֪Ŀ־ҵͷԼ壬޷˼޷ǸˣǸˡ᣿ 
ܸʶȥǸѡ˵ңǸ˵ķȥ 
ûκηӦû֪һ㣬ֻǸģԽػҲ֪롣 
ڣˣѸʶĳϡϣڣϰ塣 
תͷòȫӳ۵ףİӣ΢ЦʱȴüۼЩ飬ȴˡҵ˲ƽ࣬ϲЩЦáʱʱ񣬵꣬ʱƣٷ·ٸͣȴҲǾϵġڣ֪еòģǾԲܽͻģҾһİ㡣 
ˣãǰɣ 
ţáŬάı飬кģȴǿʱ΢Ц©˼ġ 
оպ;ˮ𣿡ЦҺࡣ 
պϣе̫нˣȲë 
ڵЦԴ˼ֳŪؿ࣬ǰǸŮ׼ģ϶ʺͣʮˡ 
˵ҲգֻһۣƱҪȥˣתңʾԱĴҶ˵С෢չʲ̶ˣ 
ϢƵһҰԼɬһˡֻʱýʱܾʱһҲ룬עǿ򶨣ԼҪȥʵ˼˵ֻǵܵܡ 
ҪඡЦƺҵĻʹˡ˼һתұ仨⣬ˮˣ΢΢һЦҲãҪ̼ģ᲻˼ϲԼŮʼΪԼҲЩĵİɣ˵ҲδǶˣĳԭûнܡһܳΪǸҲ˵⵹аһѣֻﵭЩɬӿ뵽ʱһŮ˵ģܾЩζ 
ʲᶫҪͰ̽ͷ 
ҡҡͷҲЦ 
ߣڣɲҪѳϴˡ 
ԭиȾһ꣬㲻类Ҵˣ 
˰ɣǿ񾭣ңء 
Ŷ˵ϱȽϴඣǿɲɣһ𣬲úĥĥĥʧ 
ڣ첻ƤֺˣʲỰҲ˵Ͽҵܣ˵ 
. 
Цһһһģ֪ǰʱһʱ⣬ҲܰòңҲǽĸֱ̲ͣסЦҲŻȻʵڶҵġ 
ڣϢһ£е¸˵Ǹϰ߹˵֣ڵ˵ͷЦЦתͷ뿪ɫ 
ʲ²˵ģʲܵǶð 
ЩΣС㣬ʲܰǾư£ģ˵Ҫ˯ˡ 
ת˵ϣȥȥͣǾȰ 
Ц˵ͷûٿĿЩݵưȥֱٲܿתͷƾƵࡣ 
̾˿ȰȰ۽ȴƳſиϤӰ͵ͷǻԼ˱ƹġæ߹ȥ˱Ƶ̨ߣࡣ 
ƣ˵˵ЦЦģ嵭ڵ뿪Ĳ졣ֻҵ۹ǲԾ뿪ķ򣬴ʱæĵһҲ֪ظ˶ٴΡʼûгֱ׼뿪ԥƬ̣ջǸʦ˵һתпʱ绰ûȥϢҴǲźʧģֻҸûʸȥ˵ʲᣬĬĬĸࡢһͬ 
뿪ᣬҺͱҲ˳⳵ 
ϣȥǶס̫ˣһȥ㣬Ҫһȥǩͬ 
ҵͷѾˣˡ 
ϣ㡭ʲ𣿡Ʋͷҡ 
ʣ 
϶Ĳɵġǹϵ»ʲ᣿ 
ҡҡͷָףĺ񣬵˵òε񣬵ǷüϾˡ 
첲Ƶײ˺һ棬ҰɣҰɣҰһ롣 
̲סЦһʱǼ˵ϲüе飬ҽһˣҴǰѣü΢Цʱӣ˵һֱ¡ 
Ĭֱϣѣ˵ģǴǰˣ˵ǲµõ˭ 
ҲЦң˿ȴûʲ᲻ͬҲȻĺܣǱ˸˵˳úңҲ춲̶ֲֳȰɡҼǵõʱһ˺ܴ 
ɻؿҲٽ黳ղŵĻʲܴİ 
ף㲻šˣҲǵģ㳤˧Ȼ֪Ȼи㳤һ˧ˣͻܴˡ 
ⷣİѵҳò˧𣿺ٺ٣ҿδذɡĻҲЦ 
ϸĴңȻ˵ţУǲһ㡣 
ǰǰͲǸһ 
ȡЦϵĶӣҳųðԭ;ϲˡıԵıұ˧ 
á 
͵˼ңҲѱ˼׿ˡ 


30 




һڵ־ҵ˼Щӣոն˵ĻϣҲжʱˣҲ˹˳İ־Ҳܵ˲ٺ㹦ûһ鹲ҲˣҾͲˣ־ҲǺ⣬˵ĲãҪǸáǶף༭߶·ףеģʽ־µľҪ£в䣬ɸƱ־һˣظԱ༭˵˲µġ 
ϣ϶Ҳ֪湫˾־ľӪǳƽͺõ̬ȣҲῴʼʱҾͶԼҪһҪ־Ӫԭ־һ濿Ӫ͵˵ǸܴսݹսֻǰͰȥǻʲأÿڼ࣬ʲǹĿģһΪ׬ǮɸҪһ治ΪӭӸսսʤԼԶսʤѸгɾ͸СؼľҪսʤԼĶԡ 
֪ΪʲҪ˵ʵһֱܸߣִʲ¶ܾһģиܴ㣬Ƕʲ¶̫⣬ġʱºܶ˶еëǳϣҾ̲ס˵˵ 
ϰ˵ǻʲ¶棬ǵʱʲᷢ»ǣңǲնŬһ£ϲú˷ܣǿһӵģѵֵǸȥȡ 
úɣϣȥſȤһס 
һҼ˵ļ൱ʱıҲᶼģһֹذۣʹķĳԺ 
ʹͬʱ̲סعЩ߹·ʱᣬƺǹǸԼѾԵˣûжҲûж౯˹ʲ¶һݵȻΪһֳ̬ȣֺγԼĮչȥˡ 
ڹϵȻԼȴⱣʹҪĿ༭λҲ˿ûʲɾ͸Уµ־ûУǳʱΪԼºֱӡǦֶ˷ܲѣЦǵɣԼأǰѧϰѧУֻĲ̬󶼳ǰ£ңԶƬҲˡ 
ڸϵȻϸ˼ȥϣļ򵥶ͬӣĬĬİչˣϰߣȴԼҲӦȥرάϵݸ顣춻ǲɱ˺ 
ԼỹΪ˲ųģΪܵһЩ˺۹ͷԾνŵˡ. 
նģģܿնĿնֻԼȥرܣԸȥ롣ȴֹһֱһֱ󣬸оҪԼɵΪĺ޸о 
ããȻ˰࣬ڽϣããȻ˳֪ڵľư±ˮҲѡ 
ϣˣɫѿԱߣɻؿҡ 
ɻʱüʱҾﾹ˼ЩƽûʲᣬЩġ 
ŶʲҲ̫ˣȻۡɵ 
ҿЦ棿źãֻϧ治Ҳ˲ 
ˣüĿɲʺ㡣ҵļͷͣҸ¶ȣںڰҵ˹Դ·һ𣬱һ˴ǰʱ⣬ǰԼǸĶκ¶ȤζԼ 
СɫڶԵƵк˵ 
ҲȾƵģˮͺˡ 
ģƾܵ͵ģ֭ࡣȹ֪һ 
𣿡ſϣСܿݹһɫƷȻ˺ˮΪǳмɳտɫײǽӽ춺ڵīڵƹӳʮֵջ 
ڽƱҽǰ 
Щ΢΢һᲨӯڱǶ˵һɵĹζ㡣 
΢ԥڴĿ£һǶ˱һڣ峺ɿɢһ㱡ɵζʮֵĿɿڣִһڣЩθůЩĸо 
ɣ 
ţܺúȡһںȵһ 
ںǺһЦСֵһ 
ϣưɰɣ 
ţΪϲζһߺһ߻شڵĻ 
Ŷˣ 
ˡ 
ðԼ 
ǰںҵܡСһ 
һ԰ɣСóϳ 
תڵƵСԴһ־ƲǺѣ 
Сһ߽εһһЦҽͣ˵ҲѣԼϲҲˡ 
šøӣ·ɶʮ㣬Һؿ˰ΣתͷЦҵ˵˧ְҵʧҵˣҲѧƺˡ 
˧ûˡ 
𣿡 
΢΢죬Ȼҵʦм 
û˵ЩɥԭҵĵĮԶ׼ġ 
ɡ 
ҺܿĺȵС˵ܺúȣʵ˼ѲҼǲͣںʲᣬھԱҡҾͷټеʲˣұһֻסȥþʱ̧ͷȴʱЦ˵ʲᡣͻȻ䣬ֻ뱧Ϊʲһʱʱ񡭡ʱ㲻뿪ǲһжı䣬һǸϣꡭ 


31 




۾ʱͷʹȻܿұ㷢ԼһŴϣޱµ޴Ƶģ͵ʹҧ 
صذͷᷢ£ұʱʱ񣿣죬ʱǸڣңңǺŲһ壬ˣǺǸ˴ 
̾˿ұ۾ҵʲᣬ֪ܺȾƵģȴĪĵ˾ưɣǲʱģȴ̰࿴ۡ 
ʲ᣿һȭڴϣ˵İա 
̧ͷİķ䣬ĳһ죬ҵ£¸ԲźãҲ֪˻ںޣûκε· 
𴲱ߵﴩϣĵ߳䣬һԭǾưﲢûڣžҪҪ뿪 
ָմᴫһἱԹ緹Ҳ١ 
ҧҧתЦЦңȴȫȻû΢ЦֻκͼԹȻʵûʲӡҲ֪ԼڲúܹˣҲѵʱ 
ڹ𣿡мΡ 
ʲεģĬ룬ȴԸڣҵҲʵϵĻңѾˣԹʲĻҲ˵ڡ 
ϣʵ 
ˣҲûʲ˵ģһҪϰˡ 
ҡ 
˵꣬ұŶ 
˼ңҪ·ȥϰ࣬ҴЩš 
ϣ춻ˣҲ绰ɽܺҶˡӭҵǱƽ 
ؿ˵ʱ飬һЩһЩֹ꣬Ҳֹסķҡˣˣ 
ϣʲ𣿡ƶҪʲ 
ر۹⣬ԡȥûɣϴһ£һһ߰ɡŶҸɽܴ绰ɣ˵һ 
ϴּ䣬ŵɲǣƵ͵͵ĴӦһ 
ЩľȻˮϴ壬ƽķɡαأֻһҹˣûʲ˵ģ᲻ټھˣǡ. 
Ƿ͸ˣΪʲἢֲˣһʱ䲻ûܲȥա뵽Ҵ˸ģģ֮࣬ҲʲУҪĲһϦ֮һеΪֹͺˣվʱ񰡡ҼʱʱҲδ 
ϣϣϰҪˡ 
ŶϾͳҴҴҵ˼·˳ȥ 
ڲڴ֣̲ס˿Һû׷ʲᣬϸĵˣῴʲᡣ 
£ͻȻͣ·Ķҵʲ᣿ӽƺڵģ±ƻ֪£ΪʲҪ£Ҹûʲİ˵ϲңûнܣʲҪأǡǡҾǵģҲ֪£ҲΪˣ廹Ǿϣǡ 
ǰҺڲ֪ˣĸо飬Ҳῴҡ⾿Ǻûǲأ 

˰칫ң࣬Ͷ빤ʹңҽЩ˽˵ǿԵᣬרĿʼ 
ΣĻǺ𶯵ģ͵˶ܹעٿԿʼȥһ£ȫĵͶһ£ȫĵĹĲͬ 
ϣƱǱߵֻѾﱸĲˣŴﵽˣٰܶȥĻӦǸģȽϴĻˡ뵽ʱȥμӣϾ׼ҲһЩԱȽϤҲʦӦöϤߣǼһģΪԼһ̶ȺΪõĹϵ༭˾ˣǱһȥɣ 
ţû⡣ĻؽԱ͵̷ҲӦûȥ٣ҺҲԶʶЩˡ 
ǰҲ˼ 
λ¶ģ˶ڻǰЩ׼ʡһЩԱڻϿԸõɫ˵Ӧԡ 
׵೤˿칻°ϣ°һȥڵľưɣ 
һȫĹǵָԺǿǣǣǣˣһ£ȥɡ 
ЩʧҲû˵ʲᣬ뿪ҵİ칫ҡ 
صؿαϣƣȻԺܶͬ־ԣһҹ鲢ζʲᣬֻѰҪˣңȴһֱΪģܾûаֽɳܵΪȻȴΥԼԭֹϵûгĸоġ 
ֻΪԼΪʹļףٻڲҲ޷ıѷʵֻܣȻᣬͼǡ 
塭 
ι 
ҡҲһΪʲᣬΪʲỹҪ绰 
ϣ̸̸ھ¥£°¥Ŀȵ˵ҿǲߵģ㲻ֱӹȥ㣿 
˵˵Ҹƽ˵Ȼ̸Ǿ̸̸ɣ°һȥġ 


32 




ƿȵĴţûʲԥ˽ȥڵԼȻûʲõԤУҲΪ̸ܹ˷Ҳá 
ϣˣһ㲻ءЦĿҡ 
ϲָоƺռʲλãȴϣȻӦˣȻ˵ɣҪ̸ʲ᣿ 
ʲᣬȵ㶫ɣҲп͵ģȳԵ㶫˵ 
ˣһؼҳԡʲͿ˵ɡ 
ҲҵľܾԵ˲Ĭߺܿ˶ϰҵǰȴһҲ 
˿ڣϣαұǸġ 
Ǹ˻вҲȥ𣿡 
Ҳ㲻Ҳû˼ֲ 
ˣ°ɣûҾˡ 
չסҵֱۣͺխӣĶʹͷҵĶߣϣʵҲܹҰһֱףôҲǸˣұͶ˼һʱûסš 
ˡѲֲ붯˵ע⣬ȴյķȣҲǵˣʲᣬҲһЩǷˣˣҶϷȤ⡣ 
ϣΪ¾Ͷ⣬ͦϲģ㲻ǵ廹ͦǺŶһֱҡԿһɣ֤㲻ڣҾԻǸܰˣţ 
Ҫһסˣ˼뵽ʲ᲻Ծĵط˵ڲgayģΪʲᡭ 
Ҳٶɿ֣ҲԭλɻؿΪʲ᣿֪Ͻ㡭 
סضҵĻСںҵһμʹ㣬Сʲϵ˵ֻǽܵģұʹʱԼģû뵽˹ҲûǸ˼ģ𣿲ȻαֿңҳϣҲûܾұΪҲԸġŮǸϲ˵İɣðҲһһǺܺΪʲһȫӡϲϲαظԼʵء 
ĻɬɬģԭˣϧҿĲ㣬һˣȻѾĿʵǶǸ˲ʵҲ޸ϵ 
ҶϽ㱾ûǸ˼ϲ˭ӦúŶԡҲûҪԼʵϲˣΪϲԲŻῴ㣬ֻΪм񡣡ⷬҵ˼Ϊܹˡʹⷰ飬ҲûϲϴʱԷԼһİɡ 
ĬȻƬ̣˵Ѿֿˣ𣿺αػ᣿ҲʱĴ򣬲Ų̫ʱ䣬ͻұ㡣 
̲סЦһΪԼ˭ѵ벻㲻ɾ𣿸οʵڿʱ˵Ի˺𣿸ɴɣҪҾܾܻӭʵ֪ô𣿡 
ˣΪ˵湻ģֻһҾ͸Ȥˡ 
֣˰ɣ춸ûֵģִӺ˵أվҸˣҲǸ̫Եˣοҵͷϲε⡣Щ£δûй˼ɵİɣȻʮѣȻ᲻֪ͬ־ԣһеΪֹɡ 
ֱͻȻЦˣȤζĿңû뵽㻹һ棬˼ 
ûٴתȥ̲סЩ鴤νϲ˳̶ȵĻֱ˵ĵ⣬ֻúθʲᶫסһȫʧθڡ֮£һĸ鷴ҪȥϧԸ 
ŶҪ뿪ű߲ǰվϤӰҵߡƴԭأ廹ӵķ򣬶ͷתҡ߹ȥҲ֪ķɿҺڵľٶ 
㡭𣿡 
ţλʱҾǱ߳ģûͽҵˣұ׷ȥģԼˣ˵ҾվǹҪġЩ̰ƽ˵ȴͻȻһʹġҡ 
ϣȵҰֱ۱һס 
˱ۣСղȻºݻҲף֪Ѷ˵ֶΰˣҪȥҲġľûˣ˵ԻΪǵıһξֻܾ⵹ҲǸ졣 
֡ҲԸͷȴҲҿƣ۾Ķ棬Ծʧ 
ˣˣȥưòãƸȰ 
ƣҼҧϣ͵תѹüͣſҵָ㶯֡ 
ҲѹõˣŶСܵܵ棿 
һ㶣Ƶ桭ɼ˼ 
λѣ֣ûǷſȻҲڽ£᲻ͨĻҲû취ˡᵭ˵ 
ԥһ£ɿҡ 
ЦȴǳıƣڣǳϺܡáѣеСĥ˵ûˣͲ÷ˡ 
Ҹеͷ͵رסЩĵرƴڣҵļֶȥ۹ȥƱĳͣ 
Щ³ĽƽԼҲ漴˼ʻбȥڲδϣƺǴЩģЦֱֱվڶ棬ңߡ 
͵ؽҵͷײϳǰ˵˾䡰ˡѸٵؿ˳ȥ 
°ʱ䣬·ϲ˳ƼûԵڳµһͿʱսһһС·ײҽץ֣ûΪʲ̶ĿĵأĿй 
һ仰˵ҲĬЩ̻ЩΡһɣҺܡ˵֮ǰĹ֣ĻΪҺʲᡣ 
ʵҲʲᣬҺȷȷʵʵ˴ûа취رܵʵ˵ǲģĶˣѵʱһ˳ŹģȴʱԾһ 
ʱУעİ飬̵ӰңһֶԼ㯵ʱԾԾľѡҲǲ׵ģʱ񾿾һݹȥˣڣʵʵ߹ҰҵǼʻϵӡ 
Ȼûȷر׹ҪʱţһһеİĬҶҲףûиڵġ 
ʱǲͬģʱǰҺڣϵĺû򲻺ҾöǿΪıģֻҪһŨҵİ֧һ·߹ȴİ顣ƣԸȷĳˣ˵ȫ򰮶һ𣬱аҲΪԷЭ̫࣬ܵǵؿݸ飬ദһ޵໥Ӱ໥Ա˴ˣĳֽǶȶԣìܵĴڣȹִ̬Ⱥʹķʽں̶ܴӰδչĸ 
һ֪ڼʲᣬΪʲ֮ᷢᣬ֮Ĺϵ˿ȫްաҿЦڵİգȻα˼ˣҶû 
͵һ٣ҲŴԼ˼ķɫЩ谵ˣǰȴǸΪϤڡ 
ɡʱķйƵƽ࣬û˳棬һֱߵС԰ 
쳤ڳϣҲطϴκҹ̸µĵطʱΪᱻλԴ壬ȴڲ֪˵һͨԼ£Ҳ˺˾룬ѣ˵Ĺϵ 
ѽǵ𣿡 
ҵ˵ͷԱߡ 
ҶӡǺϣ˵˺ܶĻʱı˵ģֺΣҿ;۵룬ĺܼǿ£ȴûб¶ѹ壬֪ԼҪʲᣬûжʱҵͬ־Ҳûʧȥңһˣ˲أʱʼҾҪˣչˣÿһЦˣһҲ÷ǳģӦҸİɡ 
ʵϣ֮ҲŬȻúܲҪչңһ룬ټǿҲдʱɣҪ˷ʱɣᣬʹֻһģҲȥ 
ǲ֪ģʱˣͲֵİˣҪ֪ҲܶӦȻǸʱ⣬һ˵˳ΪǸˣȴܵõˡ 
ƣҡҾƵܣ˼Ҵ֪Ҫϧ˵飬ף˿̵Ķ 
Ҳŷ֣ʵĲոʧȥݸ飬̹ĵĳȻѾΪȥʼû߳ǽǸ˷ϣƵʱ鶼һˡ 
ϣӾưɻ˵£ʵµҪΪǵˣȻ˭Ҳ֪ǲȦҲ֪ҾµúܣԽҾԽұֳ¿ƲסԼҪȥ˼ҲΪСˣȥ²šοҲûǸʸ 
һֱܣһֱ룬ʱȥ㣬ȻǸܴİ취룬ڣͲȥˣҲûʱȥˡ 
ƣƣ˵ˡҲãǸǸҸá 
ǰϣҲڹ㣬ֻǡЩþˡϣǸڡǳˣ𣿡 
š 
㡭ǡ. 
̧ͷϲһҲ 
Ŷ͵ʹӦһȴûʲ˵ı顣 
㣬ǰ𣿡 
ָ֪ʱ 
ҡҲ֪˵û취Ǹۼ̫̫ 
֪˵ͱ˵ˡҵ۾һйһ⣬һ㡭ϲ𣿡 
ڴı飬йӿСò˵Ҳһ㡭 
仰һħҰתۼõĶĿз·˽ȥҫ۵˲ұӣЦͶʯӵĺˮһĵȴѸٵҲҵϡ 
Ӱ˵˼գ򵥵Цʱȥǣ˿̱ɵɵ˴΢ЦҲҸɡ 
ҵԱ𣿡 
ˣʲطƾ֣Ǹļֱⷣʮ˾ꡣ 
̾˿Ϊˣȴһ˲䱻ȥ 
ᳵϣ§ڻӴֱĸǣȴ룬ʼʱȵҵıƣģұ㱻ɢ鲢һͬͶ뼤ĴǵߵˣֻһɹɵǽӴһȫɢʲᶼȥˡ 
ǶܿԼʱ뿪ҵĴƵ˶ߣЩԺ˵ʵǺܽƻģһһɺܶ㣬ڿ 
˰ͼҴҵʰ뿪˰칫ңƴѾ¥µˡ죬ظԼ˽棬˵Ҫҿö˷ܵӣ֪ǵʲᱦ 
ȵݵʱвƳһۣ໹ںͬ۹СĶ㿪칫ҵſڣ±Ҳ֪ʲᣬԼϲڣȴƫҪȥưɵʱÿζһ𣬾ܾĴˣҶԾ˼ʵڲԸմʲϵֻܱܾͱˡ 
ճ˴ţ㿴ƴ۵ıɫɫ㣬ͦεվһոµɫԱߣֹԭˣ֪˭³һͣڵˣ㣬Сˡ 
Ҳңһ̵֣߹ȥ˭󷽣³ҽ㿪 
ЦüΪãҲϳԳΧһȦܲɣ 
ֵؿһۣû 
ι˳ЦأҾÿ°࣬Ҳרˡ 
ǰɡ˼һ³ 
ڲװ˵ĳֵ㿴 
һЦ˵أԭˣˣ 
㰡ȻܿҽĳˬǿԿԼĳȥ 
ˣŰɣֵø˴ԪƵġ 
˼ЦЦ˰˰ҪŶҲǰ绰Ұ 
ҷ˷ۣõҲ·ͣ˵ǮûˣҪȥǶԲȰ 
ףⶼ㿴ˣһӶЦȥõطԷˣɽܵԼ㶨Ҹ绰˵ȥˡ 
ͷȻЩľٶЩСʵǺϸġ 
ϣ˳𣿡 
ţӣЩĿ컹Ҳ˷ܡ 
Ǻǣˣڣʡʡˡ 
ˣʡʡҲǺõġԴӵԵࡣԼһ̯£ǲסǰֻܸ־ݾˡ 
ԽˣãֻǲҪ̫ˣ̫ҪǿпҲȰȰ 
ףֻϾҪˣһл׵Ŀûʲɣ 
һ˳ʱҪȥ׼Ҹ˵ˣ԰ϻŵϴһȥ׼ɣ 
ͬˣǶҲЩϵȻӦͦġ 
ȻҵĹǷһʡȥ˵ǰȥ׼ 
Ҫһȥǰһȥ͹ʱˡҹ˵ 
ϡ.ϳǻûһȥţ׼ˣһȥ߰Ҹ㵱ΣൺҺŶ 
һȥһȥ֣רĿ 
ٺ٣ӦҲͺˡˣϣ˵ģתг 
ŶгΪʲ뷨 
ʵʼﱸͿʼ뷨ˣҾԼг༭Ǳ˿༭ˣвʺң̫ˣҲû̫սԣʵ˵гǱȽǰ;ģҲһ־೤ʱ䣬ȥ𴦻༭Ѳרҵ־һУҲû̫ơأ 
ȷ༭Ȼ뷨ܶ࣬վ̫ǳºĿϻǲЩ򣬶Ϊ־ֻĲ߻ֵ֮ĲͻⷽĲܡ΢˵ͷӦÿһԣⷽľ٣Ҫͷ𣬺ġ 
۵ǲͷѧҲνʵܹ˾ʲģҲʶһЩгˣ˲ٶͦȤģ֣һǸϲ˴򽻵ǰҳʱдһ־°ϰĹͻƻȻҲǸܣԣ׼ҽȻʽ־ҪгҲҪģϤ༭ӦǸѡɣǺǡ 
ţҲá 
Ǻǣ˵Ҿıˡ 
һЦҪĸоʵܺá 

˷꣬ո£ҵֻͿ 
ι 
ϣңҲ̫˼ˣ°ܵӰˡҵ㣬Ķأ 
Ͻ㰡ĵ̾˿ˣҽ¶Է 
ʲ¶ܲŶ㶼ϳǲ͵͵Ůˣ 
ЦĶе£ϽͱҲˣˣʲ¶𣿡 
Ȼ¶Ͻɣ˵Ҫء 
ЦˣݣˣϽ㣬ҺڳԷǡ 
ѣǲС߰ 
šǻ 
ĵģ죬С߽ӵ绰Ҹ˵ 
ҿ۱ƣϽĴɤҲЩϽ㡭 
ƣҽӵ绰!ͻȻһŵæֻ˶ߡ 
Сʣˣ 
绰Ͻ㣬Ҫӵ绰 
һΪˣҽӾҽӡ 
˵ʲᣬһѴù绰ЩǼʼûи߱ƣڸҺͱƵĹϵˣЩûжѾˣʱǲҪټźáϽƫͲŹң˵ǸҪһֵ˭أ˵˵ģ 

绰һ߸ҵ˲裬ʾҺ 
Ͻ㣬ҡŶˣȥˡʲ˰أŮģǸȥˣҪȥҲȥҿЦģϽ㣬ҰɡϽ㡭ιιƵذֻңˣһȥ˵ǸŮѣ˵ҪǸҲȥӽͲʶˡ 
룬ˣٸ͡ 
֪Ҫʲ𣿡΢Щζ 
ЦЦĶֻ֪ûȥ֪ȥˡ 
ͣţȥҲá 
ҿЦģʲɿġ 
΢üͷ֪֪ҲŷģʡҲڣֱȥǲǸΣա 
Цһ£Цˣ˾Ǹưɵϰ塣 
һ£㴹˵ӱ᣿ʵҲµˣ졭ûؼҡ졭 
飬ǷȻҵҲˣԭͲµˣûлؼҵǺһ𣬿û˵ҲǵġЩɬ룬ҶûῪڣǣΪʲᣬҪ˵ 
ԭѾ֪ˡһֱ㷵鱻֪ˣﷴЩɣֻǸոյĿɬȴûȥͷŨ֪ˣ˵ˣ׼Ҫأ 
̧ͷϣûб˼ֻ룬ӣǻ·ϵģһᣬ˵ԣţ 
ŵı飬Ҳ֪Ǻˡʵʲأ֪ҲϲҲ֪ҺһһµһﲻҪ⿪ҵĽᣬ˼ϸҲǻġ 
ûֻǡҽŵõˣֻǲ֪͡ 
ҪҳǺܼʣϸ֮ᣬҲǿ׵ģ顭һʱûпҲʲ˵ģܽ·ġӦң𣿡 
չüۣҵ˵ͷǰŤȥֺαأʱľεܸ֮ǰˣҺͱһ֮ǰˣֺαԼıŤ˼Щ϶أ 
Ȼ˱Ҫȥưɵͼ²ΪʲĪŮˣΪڰɡ 
½ҵĵˣӣǣȥ𣿡 
ȥȥɡ 
㲻ˡ 
̹ЩϷʵ˵ұǲڵģ㼱Ҫʲᣬȥȥɡ 
ƵȾЩ⣬ŤС˵Ҳֻǲٲ㣬һҲĵġ 
һЦûڵļμ棬ʵҲֻˣϴεΪϸϸƺЩϷŪĳɷݣֻ֮ǰԼһֱķңΪıƵķӦֱĥЩ˼ 
ϣϽ֪ǵ𣿡 
룬Żش𣬡˵أҲȥ֪ҲνΪʲʣ 
ûʲᣬֻǸߵĻº 
ˣĸԼ룬ҲϲֵģܹҲͬ°ˣܹάֱǲףܹԱƸûʲӰ죬ͻȻһ£һֱû㣬Ǳ߻𣿡 
ͷԲˣҵ̲סЦЦ˵ûãʹҵλĴǷʵʱҾûʱһ󣬲ĺܣûҹִҲͲ˵ʲˣ˰ɣŽҲȰȰһû뵽ģ˶¾ȻҽܵĿ죬ǰҵĴæȻҪӦҽ͹ܵˣҲ֪Ůһ޶ֵģȻǲ߲һͨȰȹ˵̾ࡣˣʱһ룬һֱǿ϶Ҫסˡڿǲˡ 
˿ҰΣͻȻ˵ѽ֪һҲǲõģ뵽סĻ϶Ұɣ 
һڲⷹ˼࣬˲죬ЦЦĿ⻰˵ɣҼǵסĺǼҵķӣ֮ǰһֱסİɡ 
ƹȻϵ˰ŻعζЩڨڨģԭ֪ѽ 
µģݵģûϤʲᶫ֪ˣִûݵֻƬ죬ǵŶİɡ 
ͷ٣ҲǹҪƭ㣬ʱҽҪ¼ңҪҸһסȻǡҷӣǺǡ˵ҵģ϶סԾ͡οҲ˷ġ 
ҺЦ˵Ÿʲᾢû˵ʲ᣿ 
޹ЦЦҲֱ֪ңƭ㣬Ҳİ 
׼ֱǾ²ΪɡҰٵ˵ 
 
԰ɣ˶ˡ 

ĥĥ˷ƲƵػε˾ư˵ǲ٣һûҵˣѾۼĿ̨Զһԡȥ࣬ڣϰ壬һǵŮӣ˵üȫ˶ˡ 
ȻЩڣҵ˼һȥ˱࣬ҪʲϷ࣬ҪǷ˼źá 
ҵֱۣͣȥȺŲǵǰոк㱻һͨԹ̫ˣҲȥᣬϰЦЦȻֶǳζ˵ͷĿǶƳƳȻЦһϷļƣһϸ룬㱻ǸŮӣҰڳòԶЦ׼ӦԣȴͻȻǰĻϤһ 

·Ʋ˿Ҫֱȴ̻۰ 
ǰҿαϣҲƣ롣治ġ͸ˡ 
ѽߺߡ 
ףлֱ˵ˣαѧĳֶȥģ 
ббң˵ģ 
˵ 
ͻȻǰ˼ұһ㶣ù泵ҲࡣǸŮŮͲǸ޵ģһĻһߴգǸС۾һֱڣΪʲһߣ͸˵ͣУС 
أ 
ɵɵؿ˿ңС 
̲סЦͼ״ȴҲ̲סЦ 
ЦˣҲα˿΢Ц 
Ҳһۣתͷȥûˣ 
ĲٻܿóЩš룬ּ˾䣬ǹȥˡ 
ҵ˼ĶǹȥˣһˣôߣǰҲֻͺãٷһҲǺܲ׵ģչ֮⣬Ե֣ȻҪúȥϧδҲ֪ҲȥԤֻЩҸĸоҲԱ˴ˡ 
ҵЦݲ䣬ҲЩЦ⡣ 

ӹ÷ɿ죬תൺֻٿҲܵʱˡ˰࣬ûУĸϳ˱Ƶλſڣ׼°࣬ؼҸҵ͹޺޵ҪǰһȥൺҲĸϹˣ˿ǸеĹϼ죬Ҳǲ۵ġ 
վڴŶһ£ԶԶ¥㣬һʱӦǻᾪϲİɡջĿʱſվһˣƺҲڵ˵ģӰһϤĵĲ²⣬ֲˡ 
˿ʱˣҲóˡȻƵĳͿ˳Ҫ·ʱȴͣǸ˵ߣƲû³Ц˵˾ʲᣬֱӴ򿪳ȥȻʱ̣ܶŤתʱȴ㹻ҿȻ 
ͣ·ߣĳҾѣؿƵĳԽԽԶŲŲ౳ķȥ 
ﲻǳȻҽԺǸʱ²ǱǰˣǺͱһЩҴûһΣƺǱʶ϶ǱƵѣû뵽ǱƺȻϵһȻҲҽԺ֮ĵһμˣȻ̬ȣ˳ 
ǵһֹϵһ俧ȵʱ̲סһð⡣ǣǣǡ 
ݺݺ˿ڿȣҲûɱƵģˣ˵ĻҲǻԣֿǲһΪģοֻǼѣʲᣬں˼Щʲأ 
ҪҳǺܼʣϸ֮ᣬҲǿ׵ģ顭һʱûпҲʲ˵ġһοҵĻȴ̻ȻıУ׵ġһʱûпҲʲ˵ġֻ˵һǰԼѵΪҲһ뵽Ҿ󱻹һʹʵĵϵǽѣεȴǼĿʹ 
ЦһЦϺﶼڳЦԼˣưƣ󣬱ǱĽһһν͸ȴǸǰճǱĬ㽫˵ȫȫ˳֪ΪƽˮԼеԾǡռеģἵʵģŭģֱġ 
ͷɼ˵Ĳģӳҵݣѿǰ˭˵ģʵѿɣһֳƲϹʵĶ붼ǸӰ죬ȻŤġ¾һŤ 
ոһĺ׷ȥסǣʱ˵˭ҪȥʲᣬûɣҲǡף鱾ǲģǸϲʱǳġ 
һڱ˸˵¶Ҳȥ˲٣ҳ˿ûҪļǵģᣬ룬롭 
һҲδǲãֻԼĸ飬ĳ棬ӦҲ޿ɺǵİգֻҪؼġ 
Լ²⣬ԽԽû߶ģֱʱƣƽ͵ģκθȥʣӦǿԵİɡ 
룬ãȥվǲףĴǻ뵽˼ˣǰڶĹϵҲǻεġȣֱˡ 
Լ˵˵Ƿ񶨵ģҪ˵Щ˵ˣصڣʲԭɡ 
̾˿ԼǸɲļⷣҲ£ֻǱƺǸ˼ѣȴԼСķȥˣʲᣬֵʲᣬ̹ϲ͵ԸֱʰɣҲͺãֻҪֻҪ֮仹ʲᣬһжǿ˵Ĳ 
ʣ׼ؼңһ绰ͺãҲã֮Ҫʸ׵ġ 
ͷǮǮʱһͷ˵þòˣһɡ 

ϡ 
ҡ΢΢һЦҵĶ档 
ò࣬۾Խͻ˳ð˲ùˡεģֻ˶ɣɬȻ⣬᣿ 
ˡ˰Σֻ˵һ䡣 
ЦЦȴ˵ĲҵڼʡðɣոΪڵˣڿˣ̲סɣ 
ȻϣҰļڵһҧʲأֲŮӣҪúñźãʲᡭʲҲֲԼҪ 
㻹ڹ𣿡Щ 
һģȻǷֿˣҵִĹıͺã˵Ƿ˼ˣҺԭǸ˵ġ 
ұƽҲģͨѼҲǻʵĻοûʲޡ 
ֻ𣿡 
ֻˡ 
̾˿ǰһʲأ㲻ңܸңҲ֪ˡ 
ұͷ⣬˵ҴûкģԼҲдԹ㡣ֻ¸ö룬Ϊ£ΪˣԼǲֵ 
ֵٺ١ϣվǲͬϣ㣬ֵ£Ҳǡ 
ٺ˼ˣʵ˽Լĸо֮һû˸оʲҲûõģҲǸܱ򶯵ˡ 
֪ԣʲҲû룬Ǵ֮ᣬһʲᣬҲǾԲϻͷˡֻ鲻˵׿׿ģһҸ꣬һһΣ׾ǣҲһųȥͿ㣬Ҳɵĸ֪㲻ңȴӲǴ˹ǡңҲͲˡ 
׾ͿңơȴûС.һûʲǲģûʲǲġ˭֪أڲϰһԾ˱ȽҸϸ룬ʱȫһҵϣԼҪʲᣬȴֺ̫࣬γÿϧûſֳﻮԼδ˭֪ԶĵطûһȫȫڵҸ벻ҸҵĸоǱȽ϶ԵģҪҸ˭ܹ赲ֻǣԼڹȥȦͺˡ 
ϸϸҲң˱˴˵˼ʱã˿жЩ侲֣ܵʱȴɴģǷֿˣܺ޹˼ĿԷȥ 
˵˵Ļϣˡ 
ҵͷû˵һҲ˵ףǸøʱˡ 

˳صңɽѧϰΣһаã˼ڶ˹ϣҲҷ˲ġ 
磿Ĳɵģ̫ˣǸ߸糳ˣɽͣ¿ҡ 
һЦе¶Է໰ 
ߺߣ϶£ôҲֵܣ˼ң˵ɣĲııı 
ҪȥൺᣬҪʮҲܻԼչԼˡ 
û⣬߸ǰ˵ˣ˵ǵĶ磬ǧ㲻ʱԡ 
һ㶣㡭֪ˣ 
ٺ٣˵©ˣ߸˵ˣֵøʲƵģĶ̵סһ̽ȫˡҸ˵졣ͦģǺǡ 
ҺֺЦⷣǡ֪˵ʲˡ 
Ҳ 
ᣬֻǲ֪˵ 
Ҿ֪˵Ҿ͸ɴȥʱ߸磬ɱʵˡ 
ʵߡ£Щ죬ҲڳɽǰΡ 
Ȼǳ˰ɡ 
ûȥһеһˣǰѣҡе㲻 
ˣԴ׾ͳԴװɣʲ᲻㻹溬Դײźѽں绰һ󣬲ȫˣҲ˸ˡ 
˵ף֪ˣҿδ֪Ҳòҹ̫ܵࡣԼϲңֵԼԱʱͷĵ 
ɽܵɴ۾ң˵뷨̸֣֪İŮѸеһһŲʵģŻءοȻһˣٸǰѳȥӦø㽻ԭİɣ˵ǵĽʽǲһģ 
ǣʲ᲻һģŮԼ 
Ϊʲ᣿Լ˴˵ֲĽ֤˵˵ȥǸ⡣ 
̬϶ЩͬɣϾѹҪô࣬ҺܶҲŮ֮ǷͰ˷ϵԡ 
Ǹ𣿺ͱ߸һ𣿡 
˿׷׽¡ᡣ 
߸ 
׷ģǡҪԵġ 
Ҳش𣬳ɽֱܾԼ⣬磬㣬İɣ 
ǡң⣬Ҳ֪ǲҺ֮ķ㡣̫棬ҪһȫΨһ 
Ǿˣ˵ɣڲǺܶ˶ΪǷֿ㲻˵Ϊ㲻⣬Ȼ߸粻ĽˣܹǴ׶Էĳܵʲźá 
˵ͷɽܵĻ٣ᶨҪұ̸һ̸뷨ɽܵͷԷǷϢЩӣǳ˲٣ʧ̫˿ٳɳȻһ¸Ҳ̬ȥԣԽԽǿԽԽᶨ 
ɽܰɽܣֱҵָһߣҲƽĺǱ˴˵룬ı䣬ֵܼĸȴǲġ 

ûü绰ƣȴȽĵ绰 
ϣൺǱ߸ԤĿͷ˵⣬Ϊ¶ϵģұ뾡ȥһˣ 
𣿡 
ԭõ300ŴλʱڣҪ100ţۿʱ͵ˣҲͦҪȥ 
ӦǩЭİɣ 
ǩǩˣǾ˾ҲҪֻˣ¼ȥĵط300ҵסҪлҺ豸 
ţͦѰģɣǰൺ֪ҴԺȸ绰ʣٸ绰⣬ʱҪδ볷λǿ˶ͼڼǮϼЩ룬ֻҪ̫ףʹӦ˳ܰѻῪҪ 
ףȸҪĿ֡ 
ãУǱһ̸£ȥൺίǱҺǶһαȽ죬ֺ͵绰ţܲܰæԣͷЩжġ 
ˡѾƱˣϾȥվ˳Ļһͻ˳ĻҪһֱˡĻͲܺһˡ. 
ȣʲʱˣ㻹Ȱ鴦˵ɡһ˳Ļˣ١. 
˵İΪҲҪһ˳ 
Ǻǣúãˣȥɡ 
µ绰ԲģҪʱ绰Ĵȥ̽һ£ſʾʱˡֻܷ»Ͳ 
ϣ˯һǹǱߵһ飬»ػתתԴڣϴУ糿ԾĿ޹⣬˼㱡 
ˮϴҪϵģҪ 
ڰ칫ǰʼ绰ҲǸõ˵ģ²ϢǱߵı̸УнǰҪЩչźãȻһɢң˵˵ѹ־ǱҲߵҪϻġ 
Щദþӣ֪ϢıΧһȻƱҩδ˸϶٣˽ƱҲٲҪܵģ˵ȻҪûѹƣ˲ã⣬ 
һĵ绰ȥ˶Ǯȥ˭ģϧܰæûУҲ֪鼬֣˿һ±óշο࣬ȼҪ֣ҪУҪ󡭡 
֪ٴε绰߶οԼ밲οƣǧҪ侲סźãҲҪģҪҪãƯ 
һʱ䣬˴ҪĹ绰ˣۼ°ʱ䣬ŶЩüĿصǡǡõԭݵĸ뺣߲ԶȻ䲻࣬һٸλϣȥҲҪˡ 
绰ȥǱƣۣѹＱ˺ͻ 
ԷûУ 
ûǽһ죬Ƕ 
Σ 
ʮٶˣǹѣԭʵϵͳԺϵͳʱһɼ٣׬飬Ҳܲѹ˲̫࣬ӲʮŴǡ 
ŶҲüˣҸոմ˵绰XXһٶŴӦҾӦˣ˵˵ʱͷʣصҲǶԶҲˣĻͷ㿴вУ 
ģ̫ˣһ˵еĻȥǸίθ취أϰϣҵļʱꡣ 
⻰쵣ǵҲ䵽ʵȻ춵ص㲻˵ʲĵĻڵ绰ңңĻһЦֶɴ˴˵ˡ 
µ绰ԺЦϲͲԾǣҾ÷̤ʵ˿ı㶼Цˡ 
ϣɵЦʲأ˵ 
ֵ̧Ŀң漴˹ʽЦʲ£ֻȴ 
İĺ롭ιλ 
ĳ𣿡һЩӵŮ 
ǣλ 
ϸ磬ʱıٻӰ㡭ǵ𣿡 
죬˲ʱеӲٻӰȻǵãͻȻ绰ǲʱ㡭.. 
˵ȥҶ֪˵Щʲᣬֻ룬ΪʲͻȻ绰ʱģʱΪʲԼ 
࣬ٻӰǿƵʱ㴫죬ȴ˿˿ð㣬㲻Ҫޣסǡ.£ 
ϸ磬ܹܲXXҽԺҸˡڣҲ֪˭ҰǸֻһˡģ֪졣ϸ硭 
Ϲĸƣţ㡣 
ĬĬµַǰ࣬ɱ¥ҽԺȥ 
ڳҾĻŵŴ촭Ķǿ־塣ֽû֪ĸҺݺȭͷָȥȴû˿ʹ 
ˣʱȻסԺٻӰ˵֪죿ʲᲡʲᲡ˲֪죿ΪʲҪޣѵѵǲǲǣʱֻ33ѣοһûʲ޼һһʲ󲡣ֻٻӰСǸŮӣԲŻ᲻֪룬ȻΪĸܵʱĲҲȻܲܲ˵ģɴ˿ʲ󲡡ˣʱ̳ü׵ģܲãԣԣһ 
һ·ϣȴ֡޷ɿϮ壬ȴЩˮһһεص·ϣȥĨŷǺ. 
Ϊʲᣬȡ䡭 

ϸ硭ҽԺſڵҵٻӰһұǰ鴤ʪȵˮܿ͸ҵĳ 
ҽӲʲᣬֲܲʲᣬ˿һһֵʣʱ񵽵ˣ 
̧ͷ̹۵װ׵ģ۾鲼˺˿׵硭ˡΰҽ˵Ҳˣˣˣ¡ʱ 
ؿЩܷӦ˵ʲ᣿Ǹʱʱʱʱһеط˵ʲأ㡭. 
ƮľȻ룬ҵ 
ٻӰ뿪ſڣ¥Ƨ⣬վȴȽòܳסԼķǽڣٻӰ죬һӱøɬ²һ֡ 
ٻӰᣬ۾Ƶ侲˵ϸ磬򶨵˵һǰҸ˷ΰѾˣһֱסԺƣǰ²黹ȶͻȻ赹˺üΣһΣҽ˵ϸѾɢˣ¡ǲˡ 
绰ģҸ粻ã˵ѾˣҲֻǶ˸ѹˣֺαءϣҡҿ͵͵ǵƬڿܵĺܡǵһֱģȻʲᶼ˵֪һֱǺ㣬ֲҼ㣬ֻԼ 
.ңʵû취㣬ߵʱټ㣬ҲܺùЩ˽⼸һ߹ĺѡˣϸңҴ绰Ҳˣһ˱֪ģҵҽԺʱһ˶ûУֻżͬ¹ȥչһ£ʱܹȻ 
˵ٻӰҾԼĺڿ죬һֶܹ˵ 
ϸ磬ȥҸ򷹣һɣ𣿡˵ʲᣬ¥ 
һڵϣĽͷȼ䣬ָһˮ߷ӿ֡ 
һǰΰѾˡ 
ɢˣ¡ǲˡ 
һ˶ûСʱܹȻ 
Ҹ粻áҲֻǶ˸ѹˣֺαء͵͵ǵƬڿ. 
 
ʱ񡭡ʱ񡭡ΪʲҪʱȴ֪ԸԼеһȴҪģȴ֪ҸҪԶԡ 
ʱ...һǰڰɫʹĥ˵룬ļįʱҡȴʲᡭæʼԼæ㡭 
ʱ񡭡˵ϧ˵δлᾫʣ˵ģڡȴڡ 

㣬û°ɣ 
קҵֱۣãȻ̧ͷһģӰվǰ 
㻹ðɣ̫ˣϲ֮飬뿪Щ 
Ǻǡһܻ˵ЦˣһˣĿȫʧ˵Ҫ뿪֪ʧζʲһ¶ȵһӾͲˣһһѷɻһƬһԶҲҲ˵κλĹꡣ֪ʲҰοʵͲڤ룡Ҫˡᡭÿ 
ڻûȥʱ䣬úɣ㿴һ˿޳Ů˼Ҫ죬ѲɻҪο𣿡 
ʱ䡭ˣʱ¥ϣ﷢ʱ䣬Ҫȥÿһÿһ룬ߣһ̲롣 
ϴּ䣬ϴּģұ¥ϴּ䣬Ҫϴɾˮʹˡежϴȥµģֻطϲá۾Ǻģûϵûϵᵱϲǰֿõʱ䣬ټΪܼ֮ܵ꣬Ǹаˣ᲻ģԲ۾ 
ŵģվڲſڣ͸ССĹˡ 
ֻһƳ㿴ٻӰֻǣιʲ᷹ʳˣģʱᡭ 
ҵɴ۾￴ˣʱȻʱ񰡣 
Ѽ˹ǣ·ֻƤ棬ɫ۾ԵôͻȴɣƺûʲĿڴϣξǵĲȴͻ١ 
ҡҡͷֹٻӰ쵽ߵ֣üͷֻ΢ȴ֪ʱĳطһǼģǸ͵ˣʹʹọ̀¶΢ 
ҵ۾㣬˶ٵĿ࣬尾˶ٵʹȴŬĻҴˣǴˣ㶼ʳԣ˵Ļ 
Ȼϸϸ޵ʱգÿһն 
ͻȻ򿪣ٻӰײ 
ϸ硭ˣҸճ˷ȥϴ룬İɡֻǣ̫ˣ𣿡 
ͷҵĿԾ벻Ĵȥ 
ͷתң۾ͣҵϣڵĴסҵ⣬ǹһμŬϡС۾ЩʣתҾƿ˵Ǹῡ˹еĴѧʦǸӵڻе͵Ҷ̾Ϣ˵ҵᰮˡ 
۾ŬȴǹҲһĨЦݣԷߵĽǰڴͷִ֣ҵϡϤϢѱҩζڸǣԭ޳ȫ˹ͷʹǹǽҲϤġΪ⣬ʱְ! ҵҵ壬ҵʱְ 
еĹâʵòһʱţʱãȻʼҵƺҲѯʣһУǷʵ 
ס֣Ϸſ˫ӡϣ뿪 
Ȼҿõǲż棬ļȴȲ˽ټһ㣬ڱΪʲ᲻绰ң 
֣·ʱ֡ȻǶѸı̫࣬ǹϧۡ 
ʲᣬܻĽҸᣬҶǻȥġ 
Ȼȴʲᣬ 

ٻӰ֪˺ܶ£ƩʱԶǸĸĸҲʱԸĶȣҲɾˣʵŵԣʱ棬ҲǲټģʱʱڱȥϷĳУõҵĵ绰ҹĳУΪʲʼûңٻӰȴףҲʼ˵ʱĲвŴģ˵ʱĳж˶춷ΰֻʱ񷢲ᣬ̫йأ˵֪ʱʱĲʹʱʱʱ΢ЦԶԡ 
ңǴһڵȥһеģټʱһɲǣҾףʱҵĸûиıǣңȴһˡ 
ЩȴֹסãȻʱʱ񣬵ΪʲᣬǻһһεĴתضû£ʱû뿪ң㹻ִʱ͵ȴǷһж᲻ͬ 
Ѵ绰صλ˳٣˲Ĳ¹ĲΣʱֻʱĵعÿһ졣 
Ҳһ֪˳ɽǰΣҺúչʱԼҲ޷˵ʲ 
ֻǿƵĵ绰ʱԥջѡ˶ţֻ˵ʲȥֻᣬҲ벻Ҫ绰Եɣһе˵̫ɣȻʲҪͶ⣬ûȥԣֻˣҲҺû绰šȻֻһʱҲֻһʱ 
ʱľԺЩ⼸ҵĴҲЩã뷨ϲϸؿҸոɵϰߡ 
Ȼոı󣬵ֻҵ˫۾ᣬǰһʱң˵ʲ΢Цͷ˵ã·ֻҪͣߣǻϲޣǰҲ׵ģʱС΢ЦǺ޲ 
ʱԵģ϶ҪһЩ֤ģȻ׷ɵһʱҪ˷ҡΪɽ϶ҹճȴʲҲҪȥɻһЩϲĳǳģֵԼһѾ 
ʱգЩʲᣬ£ǲҪˡ 
ϸϸĽവˣιʱʳʮֵˣܳԵ嵭ıҺٻӰĲѡһιʱٻӰȤֱ˵ιķǷιģȻΪʱԵüҰͷֱ˵Ƿ㣬˧ɫɲͣٻӰңֻҿ۵׶ǿɬοʱֻЦﾻǿɽеˮ飬̲סᡣ 
ҲԴˣץعιĴȨٻӰҲɳȥ߶һŮӣҽԺҲʮֵѹĵַгɽܺúչˣô˵ϲҽԺˡ 
ʱббԱߡÿʱÿ̵ʱ˫ۣƺܸްȫС 
ܶҿʱʮ˻ơĲӰ˵ɣ಻ֹ 
΢Цǲ͵ñ˧ˡ 
ǣỹǰһΪѾˡ 
ǰһ᣿ڱǰˣǰһҡ 
̫ѹԼùʧ 
ѹĲ˵ֻĹġ 
ʱĬһ˵վǱˡ 
ҹִ˵һҰûб䡣 
ǰĳϣ˵ѵġ 
ʱ㡭ﾪŲں£µϱѶֻ֣ʧѹ 
ʱЦЦֱ飬Ǹӣ˰ɣӷֿڣܶûԼ͸飬ֱϾǹȥˡ 
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𣿵뿪˵Ļ 
ҡҡͷܹ뿪Ŀԣ밮Զǵѵѡ⣬ȻδֵϣҲ޷ĸáЩȻ¿ʼΪȴһȻ뿪µϣֻǡ 
Ϊʲ᲻ң˳ 
ûʲᣬֻǾѾȥˣûҪ١ 
滰ʱ񡣡 
úܺãҲƻǷƽ 
Ķ룿֪ĺ벻ã 
ΪʲһҪأԽԽĲɰˡ 
εЦ۵ľѣˣ˵Ͳʵģֻ˶ѣΪʲҪЩ 
򴽣ЦÿɰݣԸҲġ 
ʱЦüҺȻЩ鶯ȻЦȴѷ 
ˣؿ𣿡˵ҷɿĴֽƬֹʹҩˮ¡ 
ãʱŻչüͷ 
ˣģû£ֻеۡ 
˵ˣԹ£Ϣһ㣬˯ġ 
ûҽҡͣ۾ 
˯ȥսһղҰܵݣĳʹʵ̫пᣬֵػȴֻҽԺĲϵȴʱ̣ҲֻĬĬĿн壬˲ԾĻҡ 
νŬννν벻ͷʧʱڵССʴһ㣬֪޾ԭ̵Ŀռ˺նת˲һҲɿաʲΣΣֻһ۾ۣΰʹޣҲ޶ԡ 
ʱʱǶپ£αҹֲ㣬ֺαҪ֪㲻ԵɣһƺԵǶֻܹܿĵȥܿĵؽµ·ꡣ 
ܹѡý֡ 

ǵôǰϲٵĸ裿 
ʱЦͷϲ 
ҲǣҲĸ裬ҲǺܺõġǰЩӿ˵ϲɷʵǸŵŮԣ̹ʣ˿ûŮӵŤ̬˿˱׽ 
ʱԶʮۡҲԼĪǰһΣΨһˣڴҲɻ¡ 
߳ĳɣǶϲ׸衣 
ʱҾĵʳǸʣһź/Ҹûд𰸡ģҸ˭˵壿ҲΪԼҵҸΪҵҸʱϣһһεŷҸʵڲǼ׵¡ 
ԱůдҸеů᲻ϱʱ򣬾ֻ֪пԼǿһܹԼ֪ϧڻůҹＡ 
ڲѰңʹܹ˺ʹ˺ˣǲϷĵãҷȥѰңҵͻһƬĮ 
ᣬҵҸ𣿶ңֻҸ𣿴˿̣ûд𰸡 
ʲ᣿ 
ԭ֪ҾͣĬĬķ 
ЩΣûʲᣬMP3ģҲʡֻˡ 
õģϲ˵ܾûˣЩࡣ 
ǣȻģʱֻ꣬ȫ󡣡 
ǰҵļֻͣ㻹Ǹʱ򡣡ʱȾ˼ź 
Цʲϵأһֻһε黳㡣 
ʱֻЦȴǧԣû˵Ҳöҵͷʱ⣬ֲ 
ʮˣÿ𳿹ʱ㲻̾ϢҪһˡ⾰ûҸпκͷߺ첻ˣֻǳһƬĬϧڵȴ 
ҳ˵ǰһ֮дδ̵ʱ˵Ļʱ·˵㲻ܹȥһ㣬ֻ˵ſɻҵʱҲ֪ޱֹܹ̫Ӧ΢Ц͵ͷӦңҲֻ֪㹻 
ʵ̫ɵģʱǰ˴ݶʵǸ߹ˣȴ޷áҲ⣬֪ʱԶǸΪ꣬˼ɡе֪ǴǰǸϣ֪ΪΣҾ֪Ϊ˶еġ 
ʱ磬ˡɽ˽ 
ʱЦɽܵ˵ͷɽܷ±º 
ʵδʲ 
ɽЦģ߲ģӪḻԴģ˺ܾðζһ 
һ֣ƵģζòãҪʱ˵㡣 
ǣٻӰ˵ʱռã˵ãһҵ༶ϵˡ 
Цʢιʱȡ 
ʱ磿ɽһŵȴشģ 
ܺúȡ 
ɽֲ֧æĿҫԼʱҲ¶ĵӣҲŰĻ¡֪ʱӰ֮ǰһֱ³ɽܻŵڿɽÿĿġˡ 
ʱҲĸıܶࡣ 
һɽƤգգ۾٩˵ˣҪ뿪ݿڣ˵⡣ 
磬мҪͬ˵ҡ 
ˣ 
߸緢˶֮ᣬʹ绰ˣһ£ܹҪ֪ģοҲƭ԰ʱθˡ 
ŶҲá 
㲻Ҷ¾ͺáǲʱģЩһֱ绰ңߵ컹˵Ǳ᳡һҪϻ뻹ǸһΪãʡͻȻϮҪ棬Ҳи׼ 
šҪġ绰绰ҡ 
ðɡˣ磬Ҳעż죬㶼һȦˣһֱˡҿʱɫ㲻δҽ˵ԣҲҪ̫ġ 
֪ˣȥɣԼúչԼϸѧϰæĻسˣҪʲԻȥȡ 
ͷӦ˵ݡ 
վ¥Ĵǰһ̡֧ 
Ҫᡭ 
ԭ֪ˣҲãԼĻҲȷ֪Ҫ͡ 
ֻǣζ˵ΰɡܻеı飬֪أͻȻŨ 
һֱҲģշתߵʱ 
ԼһֱѹѹȻҪϢʱ˼һ㱬ؿڣζʼղš 
ڴֻٻҪհɣǻ绰ҡܹˡ 

ʱ˯ˣĵĽϴּţͰ̲ס̾Ϣǲǰֳһģֻñ͵͵ںڰﻺ⡣ 
ŵ춯ٻӰͣԥһ£ûʵھ÷ 
ٻӰؽʱ𴲣ϤʼʱԷٻӰȥȴûʱشٻӰһһ˵£ȴԼĿհڤУԸ˿ʲᶼ룬ʱ񣬱ƣɽܣδʲᶼźá 
ٻӰǷ̫˽ˣͻȻʱһ仰̲ס˶ 
磬Ϊʲ˵ 
һֱ˵ɿ㲵ӣ־ۡʵ֪û˯Ҳ֪绰Ƿˣ 
磬㡭 
˽ǰɣҲֻ֪ѣҶٿ 
ֺαԿ࣬ʵȥģ֮ǰһֱңΪ˵绰ȴ 
ҴˡʱƮƮģʱ˲ԼľٶεĲܣ˺ 
ˣǳϸ 
ӵ绰Ĳһˡ 
Ҳľ 
һˣѵ˵ʲ᣿ 
ţ˵óϻظң˵ˣʮֹ죬ԼҼ档 
ȥˣİˣαǳϸأ 
ȥˣϲ֪˵ǳڵѣ˵֪ǳϵʲˣҪұȥųϵ 
ϣΪʲᣬӦò֪ʱŶԡ 
ûֺαʵʳϸ籾˲Ŷԣ˵ҪŵĻҲǸóϸ˵ϸã˵ֻ磬ѵΪŲȥҳϸģ㡭 
˵Σ϶ᣬòײźЩȥţҪԸ£ʹ޷ʼµ 
˵̫ݡ 
Σƺ£պһסʱƺʼԼǷΣεʱԲ͡϶᣿δţƺеԨʱЩ 
ѵһѵ߽ʱйʱ֣ǡϸ룬Ǽ̸ 
簡磬ǲ㣬δ̫űˣ֪˵ĲǼٻ 
ҿͳϵƬóȷʵǼϵģҲƺ 
ĬٻӰ˵ΣϸʼǰһЩġ 
㲻׵ģѲԭĳˡҲãټʹ 
磬㲻Ҫ˵ˡϸ㣬ǰġ㲻ú˼룬Ȼϸ֪ˣҲѹġúĲҪ˵ˣҲҪˣòãûκ¡ 
̫⣬ҾܷӦҲ֪ηӦʱ񣬶ϡҳһš϶ѣϴּţַŵİŤ˼ٹϣ˽ȥֻ벻ʱ֪͵ⷬ 
ƽ˵˻ỰұٻӰȥˡĬĬʱԱߣɿݵָ룬Щʱ̫ƣ˼ﲻ˵˽᣿˭ܲ˽ʵл˽ȻԸ֣ȴοһԣǹԾζҶ 
죬ҳìܣһƣϣܹһֿ־ʱšԸԸӶһȥûʲΪͣ 
ӵƵ绰ʱһʱ죬˵绰룬һʱЦЦ˳ȥӵ绰 
ι 
ϣһˡ 
šǸһؼһ·㡭 
ʲʱ򵽣ҵ㡣 
šһСʱ֮ɡ 
á 
˿ķϲãһƿ 
ʱٻӰҼҴҵػ˼ң֮ǰҲؼȥϴ軻·ҶͣգԷ 
ҵʱбụ̋߳Ƽҿı顣 
ݺݵĿԿ׿š 
Ȼǽӵ˴ˣҲ̲סҪᡣЩӣҾ㣬ʱʱһģƵ 
̫ˡƵ˵Բɿңûз֡ 
Բ𡣡 
Ϊʲ˵㲢ûʲᡣ 
Ҳ֪˵ 
˵ԲȤ 
ûȤɷֹҵĴ˵ŵ̬кô 
ЦɶŵҾʮְġ 
ʮգĿ࿴ʱὲˡ 
̾˿Һγᡱ治 
ҽȥ·Ҳ˹վſڣſȴڡֵĿ 
ңҿƲסЦ档 
΢죬Ҳǽߣڣûûʱ䡣 
ٵػ·ͬɳϣԼٴСʱ 
ɽܶˣһֱҽԺ 
š 
Ȼһһ˥ҽҲûа취ֻЩơ 
ĬҲ֪˵ʱһȥҽͷϣסҵļƺҪֱ۴ҡֻͺãκﶼ̤ʵ 

ִҪȥҽԺֲֻЭ·ʼֻΣ赭дҲʶλǼɹģĹ춹ͻķҲø˻Ʊ࣬ƱӦǲᷴԵģŬЩԵԻ߳һ·ˣҲΪˡ 
Ҫ³ʱѹסҼͷ˵ϣúչԼ֪Ҳ㣬Ҫؼҵʱ绰ңʱǿԵİɣ 
ҵ˵ͷ״ǵȻã˾һҪúáȥɣջúϢпʱ绰㡣 
סԺ¥ȥһͷǰζȴҪ֧֣ˣԾʮԡ 
ͣ£Ųյȴ㿴ʿػصʱĲܽܳ룬ҿ򲡷 
ſһʿٻӰ˳һ⡣ 
ȵȡ 
ҷסٻӰʱˣ 
ϸ磬ϸ磬춻ˡ磬ͻȻιȥˡҲ֪һ£ոջ˵úõģͻȻ͡ 
˿οٻӰҲοԼţٻӰţû£ȣҪҽҷ££ٻӰҪ£ûµġ 
˵ȴһҲûУֻ죬Щվȡ 
Ҳ֪˶ãĵȴˣͲסҪȥʱҽ˳ǣ죬˵ԣʮأҪ˼׼ 
ԭأӦ֮ǰʲᶼףʲᶼΪ׼ĻǾû㱵ĲʵƮƮֻǶ١ 
ҽ߹˳ҡ 
һγѣȴԼΡ 
ãȻƿţʱڴϣеߣӣ˫ۣٲͻȻֻʹߣȴҴ԰͸粣£ 
ͻתͷǽڣζʵķ飬ȴʹ÷۾ʹֻգۼ䣬дδεˮڵϣ 
˻ʿ뿪ҺٻӰֻǰһվԱߣӲĲ۾봲ϵˣ໤ε죬ÿһըڶߡ 
ֻǣϵȴû 
ҹ11ʱ23֣ʱ뿪ǣ뿪ͷ׵磬һѩؿʼµ 

ʱ²ӣ˵ûеˣҲûˣҼֵĽ˱ٻӰû˵ԵĻ 
ʱ˽һ徲Ĺ԰ĹҲסĺȴġ 
磬Ǹûȥˡʮַ㣬ʱʱġɽܵ˵ 
һ˵ͷЩӣͱһֱڰܶɹ⼸СʱҲƣˡ 
ǰӵңĳȥ 
ҲûȥٻӰˣʱᣬͲڴһֱգ컹ɽֹʵúúϢϢģһŮӣһչʱûапˣܳǲס 
ڳϣ˭û˵һ仰ɽһֱĬĬĿңޱȵǡοȴҲ˵ֻĬŤͷ⣬羰ӹת˲ȥһ 
صʱٻӰڳɽܵķ䰲˯ḧͷҲѲ֣΢ûӦۼ˳˷䣬Ϸš 
ɳϣֻһƬãȻ֪úȥδӡ 
ɽҵԱߣ磬ڼϢհɣҲˡ 
˰Σҷ˵ˣٻӰյĻȥϰ࣬Ҳܾˡ 
ɽܻҪ˵ȴֹ 
ȥϰҲáҲȥĳɽܣģʱֵڣҲæźá 
ҹڴϣۼ޷˯˿˯ڵϯϵıƣȥëã￪˿յȣ˯»ðġ 
˯᣿ۿҡ 
šԭ˯ 
ңһϯϡ֪ѹϣӦԼ᣿ǿﶼܡοҲϣÿЩ 
ףֻҪЩʱ䡣 
ң֪֪ 
𣿡 
ɵӣʲҪҹ㡣 
̫ãﷴڡ 
ѵңҪҲɣ 
ǵᣬŻڴͰ 
ǣǿ¡˵ļķȻŮ˿µĶࡣ 
ҾԼʵΪʲ᲻㡭ˣ 
ڿǸò뻹ˡǿ̹ǣӣһһú֪Ҳᰲġ̫£룬 
ǣףЩ꣬ʵı̫࣬ĵҲ֪ȵĻʲᡣȥˣҵȴǷ̫ʹź 
õøмã˵ 
ǶԵġ㣬󡣡 
ɵϣ˯ɣˡ 
˵ˣȴͻȻһ¡ 
ĳأǷ̹ 

һóԥ 
ҽͷһԾЩСһ㣬˵ˣûʡ 
ǣңʾںҸ˻᲻˵˶٣Сĵĵȴʵֻûʲ˵ģǺǣǵǰ˵ģϲһˣ׷һ᣿ 
ҵͷ᲻ǵã 
Ǿҵĳˡʱ뷨֣ɵϣ¹Ǩٿˣʵڲ˹ 
Ұʱ;õģʲԸϲȫΪֻҪһ־Ϳ´ͬҾҰˣ˾͸ðңᣬ㣬ȥϲ˭ĵأϽԹԹҰҲҲ 
˵ʮڶгҲסЦ 
Цʱġ׵߸ҵۣ˵ʵɣҾԣܵưֵطչ죬˼ȡΪҪҪδԼϵκ˵壬ܣ˵ϲˣûҲᰮСӡ 
ǣһϴǣҲнʯ֮ 
Ȼأ 
ȻҵȻ룬˵ûʣѵʳ˼̻ˣҵҪߵʲز˻ȥջվջ󡣵ȴһҲģŷԭԼϲľǷݼ֣ 
Ҳ»ҲǺģοһѵ꣬ġ 
Һ;֪뿪ᣬһΪңʹٺ٣ʵܴ죬Ҳ̨ѡ֮һգڽϼһһܣ˳һ㣬˿ָɾòˣǺѵõģǻģͻȻ󳹴򡣺ǣԣһѧܶҲˡһֱһǸΣ֪Ƿֿᣬʮź 
֪ʣ֪ 
ٺ٣˵㲻ҪǵסԺʱסڵǸүСӾˡ 
Ŷ 
һҪҵϵʽҲþǧżͨ绰棬ֹ춴ˣɲҪᰡ 
š 
ιιιĲҪϹ밡͡ƴ󼱡 
⵹Щ⡣ˣ 
ǰһ˰ɡ 
ûһ 
ǣҲҪУ˵ţ֪һᣬ󳳴֣в˵ҸŮ˽飬ͰϳȥֻΪ·ಡǣˣϽ˸һֱϲŮ˽˻飬˺ӡ 
һʱǾĬ 
ͬ־ѡ·ɣ춸ĸᣬԼʵ跨Լһֻǣ̫пᡣҪʹУҪὫԼľԭµģʹʹ죬øɾõĻڿʹֲ֪Ҫ߶ٱ 
̾˿˵ķơ֪ģΪԼǵЦĲɣƽ˵ġ 
ˣԼѡ·п࣬ҲֻԼֵÿ 
Ҳ׽ƿеĲмΪʲ˵ 
㲻֪鲻þˣòֿƣȻȥҵİˣ˵Ҫ飬¿ʼ 
Ŷһˣ 
ȻûУǸѾͱһˣʹ಻˲Ĵȴ˵ķ׾ˣû˿Ϊһξĸغģ˭ԣһʥˡҵʱֱкãɿ԰Ҳ˵ʲᡣЦһһӣ˵ľͲˡ 
ȻĽʵ̫Ρ 
ǰ˵ҲԼףԼҲй֪˼ҹҹ˶裬սս¿ʼȴǳӰ֮¡ 
ܹ˭أ粢ǣʱһѡ飬˭˵ǵĲǣԼˣҪεȵԼʱҲٲ£գǶȻġ 
ҲૣҲû취ɣ˺Ͱ˲ȫҲʵʹࡣ 
Ҳѡʹܸ࣬ΪԼľΡȻѡߣ͸Ҫúͷų¡ѡˣǵʱͲ÷ȥʲ˼˼ֱ˲˵ףԼΪ޺ãİ°ˣΪԼ᲻£òҸعͷȥҰ飬̫˽Ҳ̫ųˡ 
ЦƵĸ̫ڰ׷ʵףҶ已̥ʹѡᣬм˻᲻ڲġ 
˸У˵Ĺ¶ͬС죬˵Ǿ˵Լ 
㡭ʱҲܰɣ 
˵Ҹҽ̯ƵʱɡͦܵģСҴ󣬸һޣܺܡüҲ룬ˣҪĻˣ浽Ҫ˵ʱҲ˵ǻʵڲʹĻ׵ˣҹĲãֺγῪġԸɴضİңջҵҸΪء 
Ǹ˲Ľ㡣 
ǰ 
Ҿðģ̲סıһȺˣҪѾŵͣͱһֻѣȴˣٰõ˵ԭ²ֲܷò͵͵¸˿벻ɨأʵʲ᣿ 
ϹˡˣˣҲû취Ƕ̫ͨˣֻܹ˵Ҳı䲻ˡ 
ǡˡ˯ˣ춼Ҫϰࡣ 
š 
Ǹ˯ȥԣҾҲûопԼֵڡ 

˵λͱͬʳʶ̵Ĺػлǵĺ⣬Ҳһһֵİ칫ңҾ 
ȥ٣ʼչ˵ΣҴͷ˵ѹˣ಻꣬಻ǲͨµˣҲԸ̸򵥰ο䣬ֻ˵úùɡҵͷԼİ칫ҡ 
һŴѻĹҲƣοԲҪϾ˼롣 
ʵһ£Ϊ׬ýǮʶͬˣ̤㷢Թеõĺôʤ 
˰࣬ʧ䡣Ҫң־ϲ 
ϣּˡҺܵ㡣 
̧ͷࡣ 
һ²ɫʮЩԾȻЦݣȴɫŮһǿ֪ιʾˡ 
Ͻ㣬㻹ɫ 
ǣû£㣬˵ѡἱϰࣿ 
Цϰ 
ˣ˵Щˡһȥһɣⷦ 
⡭ 
ɣ鼫ܵܵȨˡоЩζҲľ 
ãһȥԷɣȻҸطҵȴ绰һ¡ 
ţ㡣 
ͷҴ绰ơȻʧģΣҲ˵ʲᣬ֪ʵϲŮӵġ 
Ҳ˵ֻЩЦĻ˶ʳʡҲΪϣֻ˵ЩƤ֪Ҳͬ˼ 
иѹ¡ 
һδҪȥڵľưɣ˸Сưɣһܣϡ٣Ǹ˵ĺõط 
˸¶顣 
ϣҺܡʵҲʱ㣬ڲŷҾҲһ˵˵ﻰЩǰ׻ˡ 
˵Ů˺˲ͬ˻ĶæչϹӣûĴֶæϹŮǿˣָܷѵʱ̫١˶˦ƹȻʱࡣ 
ǡЦͬѧ͵Ķǽ˻ģʹûҲѣʱӦң߾࣬˼Ҿ˵ʱץˣ֪ˣˡڵˣ͵Լֿϣߵ˼һңʲᣬҪҵûҵҪûһУ˶ϻˣżи۵ģ˼һ˼̫࣬Ůѱ߾磬ģ 
߿࣬ҲԸ̾Ůʵǲףҵģ˲Ϊ̫ǿЩᣬӼ͵Ůˣ˼̫ʱվãɷΪûйͬԣһҵͣ߱ȱȽǡķִգ̫ 
룬ҴҪˡ 
ͻһ飿ѾкʵĶ᣿ 
ʵĶ󣿺ǣϲʣҲʶڡ 
Ҵ󾪣 
ǰ˻飬׼Ӧȴúܡ 
ʵ̫⣬֪Щ˼ǽȴ¹ʼߣɲ򲻵ѣ˭ĸ˻Ĳ˺ۡĬĬ˼ȴڲѣ֪ʵΪȼһ硣ǷøʵҲ¾ģһ˵ͬ־ҲȥˣĻĻ 
᲻˵ˣ 
ҪΪʲķгɵʣ²çײԱҪ˵ 
˵ʵɣϣһֱϲȻ˼ĥ͸ǾҲҰ࣬Ҳңһġ 
һģϽ㣬ǲǿһ䣬ϵĿഺ͸飬۲ء 
Ϊ۲أԥҺȦˣֱҹҹߡ 
ҹҹߵĻʮֲɿοǷǸϰв壬в֪̫ʡڵķֱԲ䡣 
ĬҺ˿ˮҲ˵ 
Ҳֺ֪£᲻á 
Ұ̾ߵ˶˹ޣҲܰɣҲ˵춶ĲӮȻ޻˵ˣ¿ʼ̸ס˵ഺ͸ɶǮҲģѺڵϣʵǡ 
Ͻ㣬Ҷ£Ҿ£㻹ǺúɣϾǻ¡ 
ףҲԼˡ˵ŸˡǲǺܲϲڣ˲ã 
ҴΪΣ²ҲǣֻֻӦýЩɫֲû׷ߣȻҪľܡ 
Ǻǣѽ׻ᣬ㿴߽ӴЩˣϲ֪˶ˣֺң٣˵㣬ҸԸˣ̫̫١ 
Ҳ֪꣬Բ顣 
Ͻͻ۽ˡ 
ЦҲЦˡ 
ټ⣬ֻе˵ԼȥֻΣϸϸң޵ﷴһϾˡ 

ʱѽ賿ɽܺٻӰǶ˯ˣٻӰ̸̸δ㣬Ըڱܻ跨ҹסĵط˰ĵ˴һҺͳɽһ˯ˡ 
³ǣڽݣ㱻µȻϴһ̿˵ơ 
˯ʵıƣҾƣ 
㶣Żҵȵ˯˵ġ 
㰡˵һ㻹ȣֲؼң 
ȥҲû˼ͳɽ죬ܼ㡣 
ҺЦ顣 
ɵЦϽû°ɣ 
ұ߻·˵Ҳû£顣 
ŶǾͽᰡΪʲúҪ顣 
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ЩĿ 
ڵԱߣ˵ҸòøϽڵ£ 
磬˰˵ҵǲá 
ҲĻܾԼڵĹ 
Ķֹˣ顣 ¶Ц飬һȻ˼ҵ˽ˣ 
㣬һһӣ˵һӾͲˣЦĻ 
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Ҳû취¡ 
һЦʵȥ˵ҲǿԵģҲҲȥ 
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𣿡 
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ᣬǡ 
ûʲǣ˵û˿ĵءȻҲϲڣƽ˵ʵ֪˵ΣϽǻԵ 
ĬãҲòϣǶԵģȻʵ㲻ʲˣϵ꣬ŵ㡣οиĹµĻᣬ罫ĵ׶޷Ļˡаϧ˼ʵǴĲס 
ƱȼںڰУҾ⻹Ƕ⣬Ա˵Ӳֶ̫³ˡ 

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վʱĹǰһ 
ûжûľƽ͡ﲻʱĻϢ֮أҵֻ֮뵽ʱ񣬱뵽ʱ⣬ȥ֮ٵĴȫۡ 
ʵЩ֤ҵĳɳ̫ɬֻԸסһů⡣ǣʱҼԶһػ棬Ϩ 
ҲŷκԸֻ֮˵ʱϣͶ̥תٿʼǰ䲻ڣνԸɡ 
ճãֱ£ŷˣҡ 
ʱ񣬱Ƭػ 
磬ȥĶˣԷûУһţɽܾʸͣ 
ҡͷҲȥϴ裬ˣ 
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߽ȥ˭ˣأ 
д㶫˸㣬ѾͬȥгˣҪϸļƻһá 
ŶϲϲҪæ˰ɣ 
ǡȥϴɣɹһɣ 
ǣ㲻Ҫòã 
áĿ״һĶȥˣǲȥԼϵС㣿 
ȡҴ󾽣˵ʲᣬЦˣٻӰأû 
洫ɽܴЦĻش𣬡Ͻˣ˵Ҫ㶫 
ŶҷģȻ⸱ӱƼֻʱ 
ƣ·ȥʳɽܣ֪ʲ𣿻ϼһڱ 
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ͬδعϵãȻҲãҲ硣̸̸ģ룬ǵȵȰɣָָ˵ 
ǰͦ׵ģϢһɣ˳ٺ١ 
ЦСӡ 
ȥϴ裬쵽ٻӰŻ˲ٶ 
̸ 
ϸ磬ȥˡ 
죿αἱ𣿡 
Ц᣿ҳһˣϵͳʮ绰˵չҸ磬ǸǲŲˡ 
ǡ 
ǾʵҴСףŮϲֻҪҸúþ´ˡ˵Ůƽȣڸĸ˲𡣡 
ĬȻ֪и磬ʮֵӣʱͺܰӣ˿ֻһȭֵϡ겻ҲδػõĶȥٻӰ˼ġ 
ûпڱҿ磬סҲֳɵġ 
ٻӰͷ̧ʱм⣬ϸ磬֪Һã˱ֻҺãĸ綼ǿϰٱ 
̾ϢʱãȻҵã£ҶҲӦõġ˼أҲзչġ 
ԥջҡҡͷˣϸ磬ҲʶôֻǾԼӦ̫̫̫࣬죬ȼﶼˣÿ䶼˵֣Һ޹СϽʱͷӿ塣һؼȥһ 
ԣΪʱңȴΪԼ¡ˣìܡ 
뷨Ҳؼȥ䣬ס죬Ȩݼˡ𣿡 
Цͷ 
գȥطණֳЩСԣЦտҲϲЩϧߣұشãõŮӣֵӹҸġ 
ֻǣи˵ѡǿ 
˼գҺͳɽվϳվ̨ϣƴһָҲ֣һ𣬿ǲټˡ 

ڰ칫ңæӣĹһֻϲɫ˳Լ˲ٵĸӣˮƽϳˣҵĴæ 
ͬȥ˵ʱҲ̾ʵ佱ʹİ˶ﵽˮ׼רѧߣͨʦûвܴϻģ˵ǰ塣 
ֻŮˣȴڸʵڳƲ˳ͷ˼ҲʲɻڣѵоҲõˣɴ˿ɼʵں޵ԡ 
⼸ղû˵£Ҳ֪ǷѾæԼ飬ҲûȥʼܷˣҲǻ¡ 
Ҳֻ룬Ⱦ˲˽£Ȼֻܾ䡣 
ֻҲ£ȴҡӵǸϰ塱صĵ绰ʱҲɿЦҲܶǲеġңҲΪڵ°ɣֻδЩ֣Ҫ߿࣬ƺδ쵽ֵزҾͲ֪к»ҵˡ 

𿧷ȱ˱һڣζܺáǱģҲͬλֻʱǻ죬ɡ估£ɺЦ˭뵽һһ 
ܲ˵ 
ţǲ 
ܾȰɡŪס 
̹ԣȷʵ⡣뵽ԼҳǷʲ£ 
ҪˡȻȴįϢˡ 
᣿һԵЩʧ䣬춻ˡ 
Ϊࡣм⡣ 
Ȼġ 
ȴ޸ڣ 
ҲɺЦ˵Ҹ 
ѵĲںϲ𣿡 
Ц⽥㡭ˣ 
˱ۣû˸ղŵļԵήңǣǰҹ˵ҺڵĹϵϣԷܾˡ 
ҳ˿֪˵ʲãûҲֵˡǶΪɼΣȴ֪ǸǻҿЦضɫȴΪһˣо仰˵ģ֮ƣ֮˪ƺֻˡ 
Ȼ˵ԭԥһ˵¾ģһҪڽ飬˵˶ͬҲҪٲڣġЦ˵ȴ·Ҫ޳ 
ȴȻ⣬Ҳȷʵ˵Ļ 
ѵˣ˵ʲ᣿ 
ػҡͷ 
ֻҸ˵˵ʶҲ꣬ΪһУȴϻ˽ 
Ĭ鲻ڳй㸶ǮûػƷɲ²ȥֻ뵽ڴ̬ȣʮֵͬ 
º˵βȥһ˵˵棬һһأµһ졣 
ҡͷûпѡ 
ΪįҲȾԭһļįƽվʱȥһʱû˿˵̫ӣ㲻ͼһʱʹ죬ʹԼ˽ɽͷβ̸ʣʶۣὫС 
ȻزϤʱ޷ȥΪ˵ЩʲֲֺܹΪϾҸĲʱ䡣 
βȥ̸̸Ͼ¼ǡ 
Ѻ̯ƣưɲձⷣѡǮư飬ֻǴӴ˲иϵ 
˵ڵҪڻǰϵøɾˣѵ˵úöࣿĻֻǿǰӣֺγûдڵĽõ֣Ψ֮ƣ¿ʼɡ 
Ȼֺαپ 
ҲġҰҲοΪϲȢֻΪ˱ȣ˺ุĸ죬һֱҪȢȲѡ 
ȲѣǣһȲѡ 
أǲǸųˣ 
Ȼǣ 
֪ͺãѵΪΪ˵Ҫ¹Ĵ£ֻһɣﶼףֺαˡֱԣ࣬Щ಻̹ʣȴԡϾʹȥҵȰԣҲΡ 
˵һϣҲûˣ 
ϣӺͬ춾ߵͬ־ʹ಻Ȼûϣȴһǣó𣿡 
ƶǸ˵ˣҼʶ̬ȡ 
Ҳ˺ 
ȻˣʲأȻϣҸѡֻءοûֵȥԼ㣬ֻϣ¿ʼ㣬Ϊһˣǲֵ 
ݣû˶˵ĻʵǸˡԳȰοĻȱȽǣȴ˵ԼֻǲԸţ 
ڿſظûԶͽҹķģļҲѵĩڣʱڸ棬ãִٵûи˼ء 
¹ǨлϸϸĥΪĲһεĴһε 
ͻȻʮƣǰó绰ϤĲĺ룬² 
ҡ 
ǣϬ绰㡣 
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᣿ 
仰ͻȻæ 
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æɨڵϵļƤ񡣡 
ϣ̫һҲעƤĥˡ 
һ˵ֻǰͷֱˡ 
绰ǴЦ 
ϣĶ㡣 
ţڻؼҵ·ϣȷе˵ھ¥ 
ǣܺã 
ߺ¥Ҫתˡ 
ãת䣬ῴ 
ûټѾת䣬һгӢںڰҫҸâڵҡ 

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ΪʲͻȻ˵ 
Ҫ𣿡Цգգ۾ 
ҹǶûлؼңѵĵطҼֲڳɽڼʱһ𣬱ƲѣҴ˴ǲεġ 
Ҳϲڱ˼Լмҡ˵һ 
ӹëҲ˲ﲢ޿յǸϴ裬㼴̿ʼӣ 
԰һСӶԣгǿԶЩǮ˲٣˵أ 
̫ͻȻһ׼ûС 
Ҫʲ׼أǮ⣬ҸںȻһ¹ 
Ҳ죬㲻Ǹ˳Ǯ׸ 
Ұʱ򣬸ҺҽֱһǮ˵ǽʱãҳҽͰǮתҵ¡õԼǮûжӡ 
ŶǲǮ⡣ 
ʲ⣿û᣿ 
ҲǡЩ󣬡ֻ̫ͻȻɡ 
Щʧɻߣ˵ðɣ㿼ǿǣĺһÿ糿㣬ÿ˯ǰ㡣 
֪֪૵ĴӦ 
鷢չһ׶ΣǱȻһİɣ֪ģȻһʮֵãȴʮֵĲסȻŮԼһҪԼ£ЩǾģҲûΪЩִȻᵼʲԵĽǱĬҲʵӰˡ 
һζĳЩҪΪԷЭ㲻˽ֻԼ𣬾Ҫչ˵Է 
ľ£еȱ㶼类̽յһΣͬʱԷ̫İݡ 
Ȼ϶˶ԷԱĪĸ飬ûаաʵƱ䣬̫¶Ӱǵĸ顣 
˯ḧϣЩǸΣЩϲá 
Щʱ䣬һ㹻 

ս칫ңͿͬΧ֣ͣǣԵɡ 
ϣˣҪˣʱμӻ񣬶ˣҾͲˡҪ˵£һŰҲϲЦӯӯĿЦ 
΢ЦĶңһμӣµҲҪȥ 
ؿһۣ˵ʲᣬϹȻԣļᶨ֪¶˾ģ˵ 
ļ磬ת˰칫ңǣ಻ٶ롣 
Ǹӣ΢ȵɴոպãʵҵϲŮ۵ģܸо޷ĹӣȻɫֳܱ 
Һͱò֣ȴδ˵ʲᣬǰӵ࣬˵ЩףĻһԵİЩĿŲĳ棬һʱһ΢Ц 
ϲϵģ͵Ѷż䣬վĶЩıͣǲȡòͷʽҲȤ 
Һͱȡˮһĵط£еĵʼ 
ƿˣȥӦ꣬ЦȦ̫СһȻҲ档 
ˡһͻأԱߡ 
ϣһͬڿУȻʶģȦСġ 
šܲȴ˵֪أʱȻ˵Ǻ壬˸Ĥ޷Ȼ 
˺ܶ࣬ò𣿡ЦЦ 
ᡣҵȻﵹЩԶ̬ȣѴŻָ״̬ǹȥָտɴ 
αǧԴ᣿üƣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥƱ˵ʩɫʲ᲻Ϊ 
ҡͷ΢Ц¶ۼĵ˵ͷӦꡣ 
ǡĬ 
˳ڻش𣬡Ȼҡ 
˵ҲԾԣ⻰ǰһǵĽɡ˵˵ദʽͬ 
ȴЦҴͳˡ 
ҾȿҶ̸ԼЦζ 
㡭 
ǣ𣿾ұˣ 
ʵ𣬡е 
Ҫһ泤һǡʱ䣬˺ܶ࣬ϣı̬ȡ 
Һȿˮ˵㿴ˬ 
ΪѶ÷ 
ĬƬ˵˲ı䣬ĳϣҲˡ 
ЦǣҺܸ㣬Ҳ㡣 
ǣǿɶдḶܻ́ʱĨȥɵģµģβ˳Ȼ 
һԿؿңʵܣΪǰ᣿ 
ǰǰǵͬڣѿǵĲͬˡ 
ͷһȻЦéٿ˵Ƿ뿪 
ıӰ΢ЦʲᶼǿԽ⿪ģܷûõģʵ̫һֻȥһˡ 
ܿģʽʽʼǶרעؿ̨ϡ 
ʮּʽӰ˵̨ףʣ˾ǽϣλ˸˵˼лҵĻ˾Ǽɡ 
ʼƣ̨µҲʳˮջ 
ҼٲμӻķΧǱҼк̫ࡣֻǲ޲ͬǲǣֻǻ񣬶ֻһʽۣԿɳΪԶ䣬ֵ𣬴ֻΪ˵̸ʡˣԸֻĬĬɹֻ밮ʥһ̡ 
ǣƺЩѵϾҲǲܹġ 
ƺܿ쾴ҺͱƵǰбڵѾȹһ 
Ʊһ 
лл 
Ҳ⣬ҲףӦϵ˵ףҸúöϽ㡣 
ǴȺУȥʵһԣҵԸ۾ĶʵǽҲһڣһ̡ 
Ʋ߳µĽֵίʵҲá 

ϩϩ 
ͷСء 
ŮˣġСɧ 
Ц 
ϣ˵仰𣿡СƳƳơ 
Ƽ̶˵ڳϵ㡣 
ҵͷתȥ 
ϣΪʲ㣬ûգյĶ˵ 
Ц˵ǸСأǴ̫࣬дֵʱ䶼ǲһµġ 
ͷС˵ϣ֪ģϲ㣬ȫʱ䡣 
Ҳϲ㣬Сأҹ඼ҼҵĸоһĸףһãҷǳҿʶǣġǧҪΪҶίԼǺܺõŮӦùԼ 
̧ͷʧ䡣 
Ķһоû𣿡 
ֱ𲱾Сص棬икڽǣҵĿ⣬е⡣ 
ЦˣͷС˵СأһɫӢкǣռĹʱ䡣 
СزȻͷתͷʱ˵϶ΣҲΪ̫ȵԵʡ 
Ҹողʶѣϣ㡭 
ҽضĻСأǸкΪʲ᲻Կأ̫ˣվԾѹ 
Сҧҧ´ 
ȥɣСأһֱڵ㣬˵ȥ۾ķڻὫˡ 
С̲סЦҲ΢Ц 
ǺðɣˣпҼɣ֪ģҵĻҪæ 
Ȼ 
кȥҲͣȥ 
ʵӣᣬֻһȻתȻᷢء 
˳ǵȵòͷˡ 
˿ңӣ̫ø˵ 
ʼ磬һֱûкʵĻᣬǡãûˡ 
鷳 
һۣƢ˭СĲ˵ף 
˵֪Ҵʲʱʼġ 
ܰɣĸģģ 
غһ˵ 
ҸҪʣȴƳ·һˣǸ뿪ǴõӰ¶ǻǰһҿĲء 
תͷٿǱ˵Ӱȴһ֮ȥҲѹ 
ҽȥɣĳϣ粻кյѡǿԼ֮һֺˣϹȥ˶ⲻ˱УЩ˺ۣο 
ȻٿҲҡһ·ĬĬ˼ҡ 
ɽȥѧУֻˣɳϣҲȥ˱ǰ 
ȿڰɣơ 
ȣǲ 
ɽںŬѽȥѧУѧϰӦǿԿϵġĵûһ 
Ծɲ˵ 
ЦԱߣ㲻˵ãϿزϢ׷ӻҪҪȥأֲңⷿӡ 
㡭㣬ġ˫۷ŹĴָҡ 
һҡҡͷҲǹġ 
ǡ 
ǣҲǹģֻǳĶѡ 
ƤҴЦֻпЦõıԹң֪һֱڵӦˣң̫ˣǶӡ 
ɳϣû£Ҹողž˵зʵǺģ»һپɡ 
˵վģͻȻҲǲĽصģϾԼϲദ꣬ҲйĵİɣҲȥۣʵɼ䡣֪˸ƮǲɣδܹҪһα̫ǡ 
ţʵزæͺˣλü۸оĶ࣬ǿԼת 
ҲáֻǡǱߣǲͬ⣿ 
Ӧûʲ⡣ 
㻹˵һΪá 
ͷ 
Ҽ˵Ȼһ׸¹װޣһ˸һ룬꣬׼飬֤⴦ɽܣ輸²ſԣԻ뿪ʱջءᣬʱû뵽뵽˵ 
ƿЦңϣбҪһж᣿ 
΢Ц˵ĹնһúܡǶǹн壬ûһ˸ȫһһ룬˶סİá 
ŤתͷңȴЩѹȴûƽϣΪʲᡭ 
⻰üͷ 
ߵǰԲҲ÷ȥ³˵ֻǾң̫ݡ㲻Ըһӣֱ˵αˡ 
ҵ֧̣ҲЩҲΪʲ˵ǰ£ҿԸ㣬Ҵǰȷסķӣ忪˻ͷÿʱͬҪԼеմ˰Ϊûг⣬޻˵ 
⻰ɿĿһִۣͷƺֲ֪ճ 
ҺֺЦ߹ȥ 
̫࣬Ը⣬ֺαشӦȻӦȻǳĳ⡣˵Ҫһ룬ʵǾȽϺ˶Щѹȴֲ̫ġ 
ͷ̲סЦ˳ 
˵㲻ɣ 
Ұ˵Ҫ֤Ҳ֪ͬ־˴Ͱһʵ¡ 
ٺ٣ԴײǺ£Ѫܡ 
û˰ɣ 
ǣһ˵İ죬 
ɣٲССìܣƶǼͨˣȻסǶԷ̹Լ˼Ҳã˺ĳ棬ҲʧȤζ 


51 
ѡĻͨһǮȻޣ 
Ϊװ޵ĹϵʱסϷ˷ܵסˣҼ 
ϣҽ㣬 
֪һ𣿡 
ţΪҪӣҾ͸ˡ 
ǻƱҲ֪ˣʵΣͷε룬Ťۼˡ 
Ҷҽ㱣ܵģ㲻˼ףܻ֪ġ 
⵹ǣǵȵȰɣˣ˵˵ʲ᣿ 
Ҳû˵˵ҵϲȻһӣȻȻסһˣٺ١ 
ҷۣܲ 
ûιȥ 
ƿŵĽеᣬڵŮԳǿǽ֪ɷŮˣվɴĸ󡣻εأҿֻεķݶɡ 
ǰɣ 
ţ࣬ҿʼǿûޣǴǴ̹֮ᣬŷֻЧѣڶҺ飬ָǿԡ˵ʵʵ㣬Ҳġ 
룬ȻˣͼɡܹǱƵĽ㡣 
ҸԼʱɡ 
ƾʹ绰˵ԼȥҳԷƱ಻ڣֻڼҵǡ 
һˣϴ裬·վھǰȥЩš 
ɽһȡЦңվҪˡ 
һߵԱߣЦҷЩ˼߹ȥɳϵȱơ 
˵ǿҲ֪ԵΣȻͬҺͱƵ£ǸͨˣӦǸദ˰ɡҰԲ²ԼʶƵˣദġ 
ڳʱ 
ţƺЦҡ 
Ȼ²ܱõһڰҡ 
ƵһۣȢɡ 
ֶԻҲɵЦǽţҲδزǣαĵĶԻҲҪƼ꣬ûȻֽš 
ûñԿ׿ţԼ壬ҪԷʱ䡣 
ŵǱƵĽ߻ۣϻЦкЦǽ 
߻۵òе֮ˣʤھֹʮţҲҶ˼ֺøС 
ɳϣֻЩνĻ˵Ƶʮֿĵģ߻۴ҵ֪μ沢ǰ򵥡 
ƽĵȴ 
ʵҲϤģƾͽӵװ޶Ӵĵ绰˵ϲñƹȥһˣƱһ𣬵߻ȴͬ⡣ 
ʲᣬϵķûг꣬ȥһ¾ͺˣٹҺͳ 
תͷҵ˼ȻЦͬ⡣Щ±߻Ҳ˵õġ 
Ƶͷ˵ҲãҲͼҴҵĳš 
Һͱ߻۰ĳ극ᣬɳϣ˺Ϣڡ 
ƶԷӵµͦġ 
ݺԵĳҰ룬⣬͸˰ɡǣº棬 
ǣΪסһ𣿡 
΢ЦססһӲҪھÿġ 
ֻǰǲǣӰ󰡣ʲʱˣÿҹ֣ 
ҰԿЦʵ֮϶Ҳʲˣνͬ¿²ǲֽĵ̬ˡ 
Ȼ˵ٽҲҲûˡ 
˵ʲҶšΨһŵľǣƶ㲻һʱȢӵùģ㣬ֻ·ϵһС;κ⣬Ķҡ 
ĬҲ֮ϾǱƵĽ㣬Ψһˣ̬Ȼ˵ֻĬ 
Ϊʲ᲻뿪ȱƻҪ𣿾㲻ΪҲҪΪԼɣѵһӺ˻һʲǰ;㸸ĸ֪˲Ĳѹβһ·¿ʼҸŮ˽ӦҲʲ£СͥӣῪģαִԲ򣿡 
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