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ڽĳޣϣķԼս𲻶ϡڸսõԼͬӵƾʷĹϣķȴǧǿ

ڶ֮ǰԼһԭǹϣķе壬¸սȡķѸУԼһ帶൱̶ȵѪۣնɹܽΪϣķصĶӻ½Լ

ԼԹϣķϽж󣬺òά˼ĶݺƽȴڰǰʮУܹϣķǴι¼ʮԼԼڻ𹥻֮ĶݺƽҲʹ˽ؿս

ţڹϣķһһǿ£Լľɾһһƶ£ԼˣŮսڵвϣķǿ£Լʵ

Լ֮ԻܹӲдҪԭԼһľ䩤Լʷ£쵼ŬսԼʷδܵ£ϣķҲ޷˳ͳԼʽԼ

ˣϣķĻǵԼʷ£ѱͳεԼڣϵɼפĹϣķӣʷ²ߵķӱȺӵΨһʹ

Լ߾ĳҵСλԼ߾ҵСǣԹűõĽġλüеλСǶԪҵĻɫóĻСУ빺ʽϡŹֵСѰ׼û

ιҰ㵽ûУҪһСʱ̫ɽˣʱôȥһλĸҦкߵŮԹ

܆ҮˡҲСôûģ֪ͲҪˡŮС죬ӨĴм
ֲ͸ҵģһˡкͷعһ
ҪҪȶԣΪ𣿡һۣΪûĸе
֣˴ЦһʲôʱĻһ¹֡ڿڿŭԹսʱڣΣ
ҿваǿ
˵㡣ʼ磬˷Ѵࡣ
ǾͱҶ졣һ̯ǰͣ½ŲһoK;һף쵽ˣůӯףʷ¾Ͳºˡ˵⻰ʱδѵӣɢ޷Ҹ

Ұƫģʷôãʱûôõʷ˼һůĺɫ£ζ
㳤ˣȻඣŴϱһȡȫ̫ˡ
˵ҺǸСƵģҲҴһˡһ
ҵ˼ǱСˡ߸ʱ˵
궫Ѹ뿪
ҲŲôΪһʮŮܳ쵽ȥǵľ鶼ûУ˵Լ졣ȡЦ
ô֪ûнǵľ飬ֲҶĻ׳档׼ǷҵĽֵϣȻ춷ͣ
˲֪ĵʲôҰ˿úܡĳ£ǲǰײײȡЦ
ѳ˭£֮ǸԲͶˡ죬ͷȥ
ʷ˴Сһ𳤴Ǹ൱õ÷ʷ˱һֱסƫƧƶɽСΨҪɹƷʱǲŻᷭɽԽ뵽һˡͨǶһ̣֮ǰִڣСʱ̷֮ңȻһڣʧڹ;ɽ·С

ҲŲ뵱ǵĶأֲǸǸ鹹ȡЦ
ʲô˼׺ݵ׷ʡ
㿴˲е鹣ȻҪʲô
ˣǷ⣡
ЦŭкִܿеļվʵʩϵԼѱϣķľƿأκγеľ񣬶뾭ϸļ飬ұóֵ֤Ĺٷļ֤

ǷСһڣ󲽾һվͨٶȥǲҪų˳ǡʷ˱Ŷӱ߱Թ
꣬Сһ㡣ҪǱЩϣķССûˣҰŶ棬Ŷӽܼͬʱ׼֤ļó˰죬ҲҪļ

ۿҪֵܼˡ
ι֤һžĹϣķ˵ͺȵ
ҡԲͣзѰšϽǺļаܲ
ι㵽û֤Էͷʡ
аڴеġÿҪ޳ˡվֳߣŮԷֿʱͬڽּ顣
᲻ļͱʾ⡣Էʢ˵ش˵߷·һҧ
ļģܿǸոʱŪˡ޳ˣ޷ֵ֤˽ΪѵΨһ
㾹ȻŪСҪĶҿǲˡˣŮѺߣԷп顣
ҪĲѵҰҪ޳ˡڼɧܼİ˶¼鹤һеر
ʲô飬ҰľѺСĶҰһŭֱ嵽Դ
˭Сӣû嵽ǰ棬˾ͱݺݾסһ˴סá
ǶҰѣҿ֤ѵۼƲԣĲɵû
รҪ֤أһʵ
ҡûļ޷֤Ұ֡
ЩµľУͶҰֻСӣʵǲɸ˵ģһִ󣬱ϣķ֪֣ͶҰͱŻȥɽϵĸݵء

Ȼ޷֤Ů֣ͱˣСӡ˵꣬ԷҰѺȴ飬߳⡣
ˣҰ˳ôһߣ鲻ȫعˡһϣķ֪ǰԼǰ佫ŮͬʱҲʷµױáôᱻ̿ʣֱʳʷһ˵Ϊֹ۴ҡ۴Ұ

Ұŵò֪ǺãһԵİͬҲҵò֪δ顣ֻ֪ԲöҰߣȻȫ군
ǷſҽǷſ֪ʱ˴ͳһСذף嵽ŶҰľǰҪЮ
Сӣ֪Լʲôһʵ
ҽǷſҰûУȥˣܹԼһ˻ȥɽϣҲҪͶҰһ
ߣһ˵꣬һĿĵĵ컮ڳÿ˵Ķ䡣
ģǲҲ̶õĳ档
ˡҰۣ˴ף
ƭˣⲻġ
ˣǰȥѪееѪʺҺմȾһ
ˡ
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ˣôˡҰʬ壬ˮ¡ģ˵ġûЩϣķСҲͲˡ
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޴Է׼һС
ס֣ʱһʱ룬һ緢
ӳжԱֹͣ
Ǻôĵӣǰɧ˵һźɫòꡣͿ˵ȴ൱ü͸ųĳĮ

ӳСдǣǳԲšλɱʷ˵ĶԱû˵꣬ˢһ˺ȻڵأѪ̫Ѩ
ӳǿ缲ľ֣ڳԱųһ亹ͶλεĶӳ൱ݿᣬû뵽ԴԼҲǺˣ

ڵصĶҰĿǰһĻԴϻһͷͼǸӳķ
൱£Ű΢µʬԼǼҪ͸µףȻ˵һ仰
֮󣬽Ӧþˡǰбˣľ
ҲӵģҪҪǣϣķСȫشһˬһ㡣
ԭΪ׻һԼͷͻˡû뵽ӳȴƽӵߴ
ƲֻشħһӣȻҲ˵Ļ
е׽ҡ
㡭Ҫʲôץףʶرš˸òҲŹɣҪ͸µ
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ô׿ڴҰ㵵˵
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Ұʧ˻㣬ڵ޷˼ֱЩʷ˵ʬ塣
˵ʬҪؼȥЩϣķСһë
ԭŲĽŲͣͷɨһۡ
Ұ޾屯޵ľǿ
԰ʬ״ȥᡣ䵭֮ٻͷ
СȻҶԶӳҪǲˡԱִƺֹš
ҰŻȻ÷ɱ˳ˢ֪ôʬʹޣֱɽ䡭




ҪҪɱҪɱСˡ
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Σ
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Ѿ꣬ǶجΰļȻزַѹҰĨȥϵ亹Ѹݵشޱ뿪ƵĿľݡ

һ߳⣬ĺӭһ
ֿ쵽ˣһüһĦӣӪ⡣
̧ͷһаҹ嫴󺣰㣬˴ѹȸСͷµĺƣӶӡһã൱ģַǳʱک

ϣķǰҪԼ弰ѵһȫʹƱȫԼһĴڡ
Ұķҵڴе˿һԲľϣƵسûӵʱ䣬ȼεĹ
ûӼ·ܳǻܷ纮ġʷµӰӺڰէ֡˵ͬʱϵΪϡ
Ҳ䡣ؽȡ£
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൱Իʵļ⣬׳˶ģԼսټ
ֻҸġҰٳе˿Ūһ
̫ζ岻á΢΢üš
֪ʲôǺõģʲôǲõġȫȰ䡣
ڵܲãܲԸоõ
ַǳʱڣ˭ǰģ̧Ө˫ۣ䷴ʡ֪ǸոյʸԼӡ
ͿˣûĻʷµһĨҰⳡսѾ꣬ˡܹϵڣѾ⡣
ҲеġףΪ쵼ߵܵѹκ˶ء
лл㣬ҰЩκ˶ҪŬҳϲдпɬ
ҸġޱϨеΡ
һֱڰ˵Ӱ£㲻ƽЩΪеۺͲᡣ
˵ֺγƽսϣҽʱ̣ûνĹƽ΢㳵վѴӦˣʷչֱҪ
ҰֻǲϣһⳡսԭûбˮıҪûսǽ֦ҶĹĸ׾ʷµĹùãҲǰԼá

ʱˣ㻹ҪǱӵȥ֮ǰʹ۹սһ֪վвϣķʷ²ֻһҪҰǱӵ⣬ϣһ

ҵıãҲðաļ磬Ϊѵص
ǰô˵һԹĻѾˡػǱɡ
֪޷ı⡣վȻϣܹһ£ΪⳡսֵֵãҾԲֹ㡣
һһоͽˡ۵ҹء
ҰһᲹġȻڳԡ
㲻ǷʲôҲҪĲͲңҶԲԼ񡣡ʷԼĵڶ̳ˣǴѪѩϼ˪

ǲĴ˵Ρ޷οԴʷʻõĸȫȡ֮ǳĬƧ
Ҳܲ⣬Լͻ᳹׵ر𡣡۵һĨ
ҲϣƽǱӵ⡣֣ĵرʾ
Ҫңصͺһ
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˵Ҫ̫ãҪ̫ᣬҪκϣݺϨеΣر˵
ҰҸոû˼վ׷ǰҶĸ黹Ǻǰһһֱ㵱ÿҲܶķǷ֮롣ΪĹػˡ

ȻˣͲҪôᡣ۵Ű󡣡ҵÿҿɲ㵱ɸԴҵ飿
ǡҵʲôͻļ塣侲ôȻ˼
Ұ㵱ɡɿȥˡ˼ػش׼תȥ
Ҫô˵ǰһס֡ûɻ˵ʹȥСùòһзԣ޸ʱ谮佫ΨһŮ۱֣ƽ֣ͬѪԵϵĻ塣սʱڣҲֲΪ𣿡˵۾ᡣ

ԸΪҲҪôʹࡣһС
֪ڵԣȷ̫ࡣΪʲô
˵ӵŮЩԼڱԹƽһǵഺʱȴøǹž޶ľӡЩܵĿ࣬۵סĵסûлһ͵ѣһֱԸ⣬ûȰöǱӵ¾ôһֱţֱڣܲˡ

⣬ЦЦҡͷӽͣһֱֻͷ죬˵档⼴һʤĽҪͷġ
ս½Σվһ㣬ӵͬѪԵˣԶҲܽϵģʹģǷ˿ҲȥΨһģĵ׷ͣµתȵĸ顣ȴ֪ʹ࡭

Ǵѹ̫Żôʹࡣʷһ۵ļգΪҽڡ
ɣЦΪĲеΡ治֪ĵ׶лǹԣ
ȥ˯һɣǻҪ˵꣬ͷҲصȥ
ҰϤıӰӿͷʷµգͬʱҲʷ˵ա



ڶ

ϣķʹԷ
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ʲô£պ͹̸껰棬ȡ
㣬ûпգһͱá
ûСرҪǵػؾ
𰸲ϡпգұһȥмġ˵
ôȻ͵⻰һڣȻץסע
ΪеС죬ģòɰ
ֲȣŻҪԹԴڹСˣԭģСӵļˡ
ڹзΣأصŴ̿֡ŲףϵĽڡֶԻ֪ظٴˡ
ڣ˲㡣Ȼ
˵أո˰һʱд̿ʹ룬Ȳҡۡ
רĻǰӱСǵкܸãֱڣٲȻΪǰըӼ꣬ΪҸɿŰ빬ġϸ˵ڿܻǴɳĮССӳأ

ңڡĽŲƶţ׼ط
㣬ҲŲҪ˵ıأ׷ȥ
ԣһ
棬ҡһίĿ
Ϊá
˵˼ԣԼһԹƧԵ̡ҪԳ̶ȣɲ䱾أȱ㡣
Ůӣǲһ
֪ϲּȶ׵ĳŮˣԵСӡŵϸߡʮ꣬ϣʮġҪãʮ̡

սһ׸赣Ļ¡Ե
棬ԸԸ⵱Ǹץ֣ţ뿪Цʡ
ҸʲϹ˦С֣ۻرġ
ˣ˵ָ⡣ǹǹϣķǰһӶӳôʶ㣬ԸȢңԲᷴԵġϲԲ˵


ϣҪҹ
˵һΣ֮ǲҲŮУֻƵ뷨ԭޱױࡣ
ô࣬˼Ҹ㿪ЦĶףˡҪϲҲûϵǲҪ
ҾһҲЦҲͲƽˡ
㰡⸱Ц˿ŻŮӡȥֲŵġϣĿ梡
ҵģȽԼҪһ
ƾɫݵλҲһɾ𣿵㣬ĸԲģûһŮӸҼ㡣װɣ˵ס

ӦҵΪأǷǳʱڣûȤ̸Ů˽顣꣬ͷҲصת뿪
ĲпᱳӰϣ̾һѾꡭٵȥԼûģӦ÷ˡΪԼãĿе൱Ρ

Լ÷ģûô֪һϣڵˡ˽ҲõİֻԸ䵭ˣվһУϡ϶ǡβİı﷽ʽҲ˽ԼֻǺ¹µʧȥ֮һˡ

Ѻ͸¶ĸоĿǰΨһӹ¶нȳˣҪʧȥ
ѵʧȥռУҲĲ׺ǣ

λ֣δɱϣķǳɹɹϣķڵֻңʱԼܳ룬ȥͷ󻼡ʷǰļУĵعʿ

ʷ£൱ΣգǵֶΪ㻹ǲҪԳĺãһһ˱ʾ
Ѿʹ۹ɹʶԼʷܹڹܷսգȫǿλŬͣûдңûҡжǽһһ붬︲ѩãʱǾֻеű׵ķ֣Խĳɰ൱ҪֻɹʧܡѾܸԡ

ģʷ£Ҳϧһ˲ʱʿ
һԵĶҰڣֻǾʱһ磬ʮ֮С
ҰһεʵС
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ʲô𣿡ʷ´Ӽλ
ӸովһֱƽĬԵԵøӰ
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ܺãСʱǾͳ
ҲһߣһǰںǻϵġȻʾ
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ǰ˵ļգȥһۡ
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ллͷһЦ֮ŲͣӪȥ
ʷ¡ҰָӵǵӰ
ոգЦݡ
޷˵Լ
벻ᡣ



Ұ߾ԶһķĹ԰Ĺ԰ǰԼרõĹأԴսҺѳ˹ķĹ԰
ˣһˡվӲݴĹУǰļªĹ
ûжĹأսʱڣĹ԰ªɼȻԼڶӵ֣ʷ˲ί
Ҳ֪ô㻰ֻ㣬һúð£ܹϣķȡԼλ۾⡣
쵽ѾˣתͶ̥ǸСӡʱһξ͹úŬҲࡣꡭ˵

һ¾ҪִһΰºԼ壬ϣ֮鱣Ӵ˳ɡ˫ֺƣĵ档
׼һжλ鹹ɵİɱƻʤԣôж˻й©ڷ磬ƻԷľ̽ӷ֡
һֱӼٰɹŮǱʹϣķڸضףյĻǱʹǡĵһ׼ƻ˽¾ĵж

һڼϵصʷ»ϣҪ͵͵ȥʷǰ͵ƻùϣķǸͷʧȥŮ
ļƻǰܹϣķĵһϣķϣȻҪЮԼصͳȨ˼˼ˣأһӰڲݴԣ߶ȵҲݴվһȫµӡ

Ŀɲǣܿ·˲ᣬϢ
սʱ򣬻˳ѳɷԼʼĹ԰ԷǵĹֿɵΣշӡͬʱɢһĽϢ
ԷǼ˿ԸܵԷĽ䱸
Ұߴǰˣһ˫ɫĶϤС˵˭Ƿչ棿ش൱

Ĺ԰ȫԼװˣԼˡ
˫Ͼ˺þãײ˻֣̽ȴʼûп˵仰
תȥǰ浭ɨһۣޱ顣ϤתӰöҰȻǶαңԶ䡣
ǡ
Ұ㵵ػǰǸϣķӳո˺൱ơֻǣôܣԼרĹ԰ʲôϴˡ

Ϊȷĵ׵뷨ɻ׷ǰȥ׼ĽŲȻһת۵ʱ䣬ӰʧڹĻĹ԰
ҰվҰϣƽĳпʼ
ĩĺϮ紵ϡĹ԰龰Ϊ˵Ķ˿һµֻء



ʷ£ȶҰ𣿡һ棬ԭԼڳżȲҰĳ֡
ʱѵǲһ˶¡ʷ¾
ҪûжҰҪ˭𣿡һʡ
άҵİȫûıӰ쵽ε񡣡ʷּʧԼȻĵȴӲ˽ҰӻʧԼ

ҰֻŶӵԱ᲻ڰ·鷳˱ʾ
鷳Ҳûʱȥ֪ǹġ
ʷ£㾿ôˣġ
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Ϊʲô˾㵡
׼Ǹӡ̾һ
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Ұĸԣ˭ֹľֻҪ״ʹ죬Ҳвϣķǿ
ͬڳ𣿡
ʷҡͷԶġֻϣҪһԷУСԾԷĥãǻζԴڶԷ֪Ůӣʷе۴󽫡

߰ɣģȻںС



Ұ뿪Ĺ԰֮̽ǡ
ڽ֮ǰڼϵص㸽͵͵۲ȴϵʷһˡ
һʷûжһӱʲ½ǡĵ׺Ʊ㣬ʹʧС
һλˣɹԶʧ񲻳ɹ˸ûл
ˣʷ¡Ұһ˽ǵıӰǼһ
ףʷǲнֵģʷҪһҵаŮˡʷ¶ֻ߰æ¡ûʸûסЩ־룬䵭ΪľѹסԼжǷС

أݲнֵĸ鲻ĵףŰɡ
ҰݺݵؽջأµӰûнϡ





ʷһ˵ļƻΪ󲿷֣һʷԳɱһʧܵ·
ǰҰΪڻʷµжȫڶҰȱϯ˶档
Ұûг֣ʷĵװһӲҰĸԣûԼ׼ʱȴʵڰ·鷳䲻ںδǱִðȫҲҹ̸Ƿʱı⣬ǱӵҡԸôҲҪۼΪ

ʷµļƻ֮ʱжϣķΪ˰﹫ĹģԸСڹŷ޵嶼Ͽ͡Ҳʷѡҹֵԭڸʹڼǰɱ˹ϣķûλ̳˵ĹϣķԣǶô𺳼̰

ҰαװɻʹŮ˳޹
⹫޹ܱߵķɢǱ빬е;УѲԱԳް
Ҫǹϣķ̫ԸУйҰһع۲⻷
֮ǰ˵飬ϣи൱ıڣԷֽ棬˵ǸĺĽɫؼǽǸһֻҪҪ׾١

ҰǱ빫޹Χ̨ûǱڣͷ˵ִ
棬֪ҪڽѡΪʲôȸңŴһңϣˡ
Ҳǽ֪£û˼˼˵
ôǼˣҲҪԼɷѡҲŲҪ׸ѱۿ⡣
ϣҪʲô
ҪȥڹҲŲطһѲʶ˽Ӧꡣܻʰ
ϣ㵽ôˣǾٹڵֻһҪ֪ڹ̫įαػѿôͬ͵ſϣܿһЩ

ҪѡѵһоûУҼ޸һȫûиˣҲ޶ԣѹνĮ̬ȡ
ϣ֣˲䣬˽˼ԭ
ס
ĵ׵оҲҪٺ׽ԲصϷˣҪ֪⣬档ܲˣҹ̯ơ
ϣⲻ㡣ͼرܣԸ
Уң㲻ҪĴ𰸣Ҳġץ֣۵
֮Ĺϵʼս͡пδ棬һԸӡ
棬ҲҪ޸ˡҪҼ޸ҲˣôҾҳߡ׵ȨֿˣΨһľӱܡ
ӵһʱӲһ侲
Ҹô죿ѵҾôһҸˡ
޷㣬Ϊ־򡣡װ²ؼ̬ȡ
䵭档ǰô飬ǰӵġıпᣬǧǧƬ
Ѿ̬ˣ˵ʲôأϣſ֣ڴ̨ߡ
ûпޡˣȻȴѪϣ˶ิӣһԱİȫҵػڹߣԷʷǰ˳֡治ԸΪѹܻ۽ն˿̹׻ϺãĲٿȥ

ǰ˵Ŀ겻Ǹң᲻ͬң֪Ĵ𰸡
Ҳ鷢ܿ϶
һأ׷ʡ
ʱ˵ɣվûش
֮ǷſȥĽŲ
һƬ᯼šϣĵ
ûᣡҰ̨һԾ£Ϣ޹ڡ
ǾѺʱڣ˹⣬һŮ̡
Ұαװķװָ֮ǰĺɫҹװ֡
ŮĴڡ
˭ŮŵС
ĶһŮĽδʱԷӦأ˹ȥ
ϣĿһУԶҰѸײڶָе𾪺
ķӦҪŮ࣬Ĵҷ緶
㡯˭ͣ۾֮͵ĳ˺񡭡
Ϊҡ˭أϣҰһλųƹϣķһ˵Ľ֦Ҷ覵ƤƯа۾Ʈݵܷް

㡯ǡʷ£Щȴ̼²ѡ
ӺܾǰйԼʷµִ˵ۼλ־ӡͦεվǰò˼顣
ʷ£΢üԼã
˵㡯ַǳãҸոѾʶˡղŵıֲ֣棬лԣ֪˭˭Ӯ
ȻˣôԹԸߣʡûҪҶ֡Ҳ⣬ĸҦĳˡֲҪҪǰѹɹߡ

ԹԸߡԭ͵ģʷһ֣͸պó⡣
ҰΪһΌܣѻ˵꣬һȥ
ûѡȨ֪ĹŻеĿ˶ƺһ
Ϊⱻֻ֣սپڵһʱ佫⡣ϣװ׼֪˳ʱأһ亮Ȼ׳ת˲䣬ʱжɱ

ȫھµˣǽĹ԰һƳǸӣôܡ
һ൱׳۵Ҳų֣ŽԷΧ
ԼʷǵΪ޴һСɫ΢ʢüͷ˵סġ
ϣϣܵ˺͹ԹԱ𶯣δĲ򿪣¶ϣԵǰ˵ĳδš
Ҳµûʷߵĺ֪ԼҰ۷·ܿ͸ֵµףȷĲ²⾪ųһ亹
ҰһߵŵĴ⡣
ոϣʷ£ΪǰȫɢΣϢĮˣȴܹһϳ˿ϵĹŻģԶɻߺ˼

һŮӸҵжȻвĵʶͣ粽ǰ
𶯣ǰһҾɱҰ֪ԼΣգٲ뷨ͻΧѱĹ⡣
ʷ´˿ӦѻУ׼Թд̡֪Ӱĺ۴ҷУ֪θ룿аЦһĺ
Ҳвʷ£Һ͹ͬھȫںİΣе̫˷˼
еƵΪȴӴ·磿Է֪ǵд̼ƻ⣬ȴȲܶ𺳡ѲʷһдʧܣѾУܣʱ磬жʱ򡭡

ͷβʷµһһǵļ֮УΪݾߣǹ֪飬ھ͵ʷһ̤µ壬һʼҲλӽεʱ̡˵ͬʱһƽ

ȻˣֻöԲˡҰʵĶ̵׺ݺݵغѹϣѩ׵ķ۾ϡĿʹʹİ۾ѹһѪۣոջԹȥϣʹѹ

桭ӳģȻ顣ԼȻ˫ֱصʷ»УľӺʹ
ŵϢȻڿС
ҲڿЦҾһϣʺҰɱڵؽץ⽣Ӱƴ
治ΪȻԶԡ
ʱһ󼱴ٽŲⴳ룬ƷһĽա
ӳһڵԱǰ̸
รҧϣԭӲȻ˱仯вӰһĨȥһ֪ʷһ˵ϢǲǣһҰǰʤЦػϡ

ǰץˣŵʤ̬ȵĸӻҡǶʷûģǶǰһЦݸе
һ򾡣ֻʣ©֮㡣
¶һ˫۾ȴܻĴûҲѡǷӰ˼飬۴͸ģƵδʤѳϡ

Ҫʷ£ùرۣĵؿڡ˻ţ¾սûȨ
ԹԽҿСȻȨķʽ̸
ҲϡԼСҪʷµȫЭؾܾ
Ȩʷµⶪˣܱһ
ȻҺѡأôͱҹǽһʹ׼ڹĶϻһ
ȻڻûϹķ۾顱һһУݺݵشı͸ûüӦĵʹе䣬ûỮһֱֱ¡ıհȴʹ

ߣƲԳԷƣǿŮˡƺһ۹ۿڵصʹģ
ʱʹɫߵĲŹѻ֡
ЩǱڹԷľѻ֣ѽһһСΪõļֵ
ϵĺֳ¡ʹع⡣
棬˲ʷ¡ϣߵڵصĶҰŵضǿԷĿһֱΪ˵õļһʷ¡
ӦԼҰʷߵĺ֪ĸ󽫡һֱϡ
ʷµŮˣ
֮ĹϵֻԼûбҪ֪ôࡣԸ̽˼൱ԡϣ˽Ѫصõߡ
ʷأıץ𣿡ϱմȾѪץʡ
üӦδ̫ո˵̸ѹѣôȫ
Ҳڵùȥ˽ϸ״
棬Ҹһȥ˵˼ʷ¡
ڷűЮֵľֺ⣬Ȼһɶ
㻹ǹԹڷУԷд൳ܻⷢһھܾ漴Ĵӵ뿪޹
㲻ȥԼнſ߹ȥһߵŮԼ¡
˵ڹʷ¶һƬңһûй򿴹أû᲻ȥմ˳δ̫ԲԼˡ
·һãȲ޹



û뵽Ҳн죬ʷ¡ϣķüЦӭǰʤ
ϣʷµͻƻȫʧܡһ˲Ÿж̱õһ
ˣҪɱҪ㡣ʷޱعڵأȫ˺ۣ֫ɵ˿ڣģ൱ݺݡ
ΪСֵ˶Ǯһ͵ӣǰ˵Ҷ׬̫־ڴڵࡣ
ϻ˵ھɱңȻͷԺһڡ˹ţԹϣķĺ
Ҫɱѵûл᣿ʶ࣬ʹЩ൳ͶԹԽԼ֮񡯣ҿԿСϹŮƣʹһá֣һӵڿЦ

˷ĿˮҪҽԼ֮ŶûУҧгݵص
һԼ֮񣬵ֵùǧϰٵԼѵںͳµЩԼҲϣܹҹݹܣػλӵĻϹԴرʾ

ҡĶ
ܾô졣ЩʶԼǿͰԼ͹ϣķͬսЩͳθᵽԼ˵ĸԡҶյ˼ҾͳȨ㣬λͳѪͳǰԼ׼Ӳʩ

ͳҵأЦһЩԭ͸ҵĶΪҪҰǹϣķһ֮ĿδҲ̫òִ֪硣ҪеĿܣھɱҡҪõĴ֮Լ֮񡯣Ǹǲܵġǡ

ˣֻУЩ˵ˣһϧأЩ޶ŮĲѵۼ

ûõģвáи׼罫Ů˽׵Ժ
ôŮأҲ𣿡Ȼ롣
ʷһдʧܺ󣬹Ҫ̸δ֮ǰ᳡Ȼ̵֪ʵ
ĳ֣ʷ侲䡣ĶҰڵϻԲѣϵ·ѪȾ˴Ƭ԰׵úѪɫ
Ұʷµڼ˺ا䣬ԭ޾˶ˢס
ǵδġ֣䵽ز
ʷµ˫ֲɵŭĶ
Ů˵ֵùԼ֮񡯡ı飬ȻһУõҪĴ𰸣Ȳʤ㡣
вңҲ˽Լ֮񡯵ġҧȻ
𣿡ЦһȻˣҾͰλͼд̹Ů˽䣬ǰʾš
ԭǲĿңϣҲܵϮҺرԸڹߡϣҹϣķĽ֦ҵ飬ݵȺ֮ͽ˴ˣŮ˵ͷҿϣķȻŭһ¡

⻰һʷͣ
Уǲɱƿڴ
ۼҰǰͷأҰð㣬ȥҪȥĹùú͸ĸ׽޷ȫǿЦʹ֮ʲôã

ôıˣķӦŮӵҪԡҰŮӰ˳ʷ൱ӵŮˡ
ҴӦ㣬ֻҪǲ˺ҰʲôӦ㡭ʷ¹ڵأȫ򼤶Ӳز״ĺˮʪĶۡ
รû뵽۵Ů˾Ȼı⡣˵൱Ҫ˵Ĺϵ˷˼˵ͬʱϣķߵǰŶҰǲ԰Ѫɫ

һϢʧȥʶԡ
Ҫʷǰȥȴߵ¡
ôŮˡЦһѵ㲻һֻɥȮûʸӵŮˣҼȻԽĹңҵȻԽŮˡҪһԣҪҲҾ޷㱣֤Ů˿ɲһСء൱и˵ͬʱһֱļգֹ

ҪǸҶҾԻɱ㣡ʷ·ųݻ
ѵãһ侲ʷ£ȻҲзʱ򣬶ҡΪһŮˡЦڿ
ްΪ˭˶ðɣ㻹һ֮ʷ޷ܶҰ裬ںԼȴǶϾǸŮӰ

ҪԼŮˣ͹ԹԽԼ֮񡯣Ҹʱȥñ֮޷Լ֮񡯣ݹҶ㼰Ů˲

ʱ䲻ȡ·;ңԶգҰδͼǲر֮أõû϶ʱȡԼıҪǣ֮û˶Ƕ뾡ȡʱͻᣬֻҪ˹¾ȲҰˡ

˼ԳҲǶ
û洫ļأȷˡ
ãôҾָȥȡǶǺܴ󷽵һڴӦ
ȥݻɽһԵڳ
ŮУһʲô
˭֪ʷǲļһЦһкĳζΪԼŮˣ³Уսʱ
ҽտΪ˶ҰԼ֮񡯺϶ԼСк壬Цˡʷ鰧ݡϣΪ͵ֻҪƽȳҰ֣һûԼˡ

ĿǰҲ䲻ʲôҸʱ䣬֮ʲôðѡԼ֮񡯴һûг֣ݹҶŮ˶ָ֡Ļ˵꣬Ůʤ뿪ᡣ

󣬶ԼŮƣʷ¡治ǰ
һκԣ˫ս꣬ȴŵһ潻̸Цеʷ£Ҳĵ˽ۡ
Ҿ㣬׼ʷºݺݵؾ档
ŮˣֵõҶõ֮ǰŮȻԲѣȻһǸɫ֪ʲôԴһЦ漴˴߶Ұ

ɶ񡭡ʷ½˫ȭȫֱعԭأĳߡΡʹࡢ¶ľСˣͷβˡ
ʷһεعڵذϣڱ޽ӵʱ͵оϣȴһƽֵ̬ȣؿűܴ۵ʷ¡
˾Ǵеʷ£ͬСԼ֮ŵΪοį
еԼʷ¸һıصɳжû뵽ĳμ棬Ȼʵǵʱδ֮ǰʷǸôأ緢һӢͦģɣ

֪ΪΣӺϣۿȻʪ
ƼΪǸдŮˣȻԼӶҪĵ׾ȻĪظжһŮһԸ˴Ҳ޺ˡ
ʹʷʧʵȴһĪøУҲͬҲĵǿءܹǿȴ쵽ˡ

ͺϲֻͬѡܸжԻصŮһǳҸ͵Ĩȥ۽ˮš
ҪβܹӽҪȥһһһݡҲͺˡ
һ뵽ĶԻʹ





ӳҽ˵Ů˵ΣգֻҪѣϢ죬Ϳȶ洦дС£Ӹӳǰ档

ʱҹ渦ӵλոʷµ൳
˺úÿţЩڹѲߣʷִ˻ˡϸĽΪʷ¼൳飬æû찵ءӰڣһֱЩ²̫Ѱƺ̫

Ȼ뵽ϣ
أһֱæڣȫԵĴڡ
ϣӦû޹ȥӳȥ
ȥҰĲǰŶ롣
ޱǰδѵ
Ұò㣬ü֮ɢһӢ˿ŮӺټݺܾú죬ʶ
óȫûע⵽Ķ
٣˹ֵֹรϣȻ
ôûйԹԴ޹ڹкңܷǳΣաͷ΢üš
ողžö徲һ֣徲漴ʧȡЦԼһûʵΪ飬԰׵һ
ΪΣգҲȫˣ𣿡ش󻷱סͬĽǶӲϵĶҰ
Ұʡº͡
Ů˾ʷµİˣ˵ʷΪԸԹԽԼ֮񡯡װɵ
š˵ذСÿ
òôһҲƯŮӡζĿ̱С³һ˽Ұòոڴʱ̫Զûܿĵ׷ǳƽ⡣ԻŮ˺εºܣΪͷΣкͣ

ʷԸһоһһĵһ൱͵ĵط
ϲ͵Ů𣿡óĲͬ
û⡣̧ߣ赭дػش
濴̬ҳԴסϣǰͶĻͷСɵ˫΢ţģòɰ
δ̫ˡһҲ飬󣬶ð㡣ҲԽ͹ϵ㺡ϣֻٸ̸˰ˡ

Ϊڸ㿪ЦҿģȻھȥ˵ͻ飬ٶ
ҶԽûȤûȤüøˣٶضҰϡģֻһʱ֮벻
ҺòãϣȻӵ
ٺȥͲɰˡʹƿӶתȥϣ쵽ôˣҲ̫
ȻϲҵģһֱΪٶһЩøУȻ㲻Į¶۰ңֱôɵɵΪĻ˺ıˡ

ϣ㵽ôˣϣ̹׸
ֻ֪컻ǶҰʷ£Ҳʷǰ㲻һеؾ𣿡ͷ۾õ𰸡
ֻܵ˵ӰˡͷȻ
Ųأ֪⡣Ҳϣٸèèȥˣ㵽װ൱ǿ
ϣ㣿رıʣᡣ
š
ȻˣҾĺġϣȻһͷ˫
ϣһԺհһƬ
ʵֻ̽ˣΪ˽ĸԡ
û뵽
ȫڻУŮ֮ĽǵĸоʴӡƮƮȻĲʵС
Ӧÿĺ˰ɣأĴȻ뿪һ˵൱˵Ļ
桭ϣĮף·ͱһ
ķʽһֱΪٶЩϲԼģΪ˽⣬벻ȥ֮Ĺϵʲôǣ˿һ൱Լһˡ

ǹ̴ֻӣȥϵʲôǡոһǣǹɨһۣѪ顣ùϣķԴҲϣٴȻͲֵҷˡ֪𣿡쳣ؾл

֪ǹңһҪ㸺ġǿҸܵɢΣջ档֮ǰദδһ棬ʱһİ˰㣬İңԶ

ˣһлȻɨһۣ漴תȥ
оֹϣԭأþ޷
ĹˣΪֱĿ̸Уǿҵظܵĵ⡣֮ǰ˰
Ĳףƻ֮͹ϵҪ𰸣Ѿʮ꣬꣬ʵûٵȥ

οɬʱ
ϣˮ㻬գ󽫲ΪᣬǵһҲһΡ
ټ棡ټҵ飡



ϣķʷһˣһжʧ֮ԼˣԱؽΡ
ȫ˵ʷ뿪ûã֧·ߡ
ӽн壬붬ĺ缰Уʷеʧ
֪Լûʱ˷ѣȻȫѵվҲʧ˲ſڵϣؿڴʹֲ徿ʹʹ

ܾô£ҰľԮôζԵвսĻ顣ܵ£ܡĵ׵ߴʶѣţʹӵ

ҪҪһŮӴС
Ůüػɥ֮Ȯ
ɲǼ䣬ʷΪԼʹδһŮ档
費ҪҰæ˫֣ͼ
֪֪ͨͨʷеĻߣǰһͻȻȫػ˹ȥ赹С
ǣĻû˵أϣŵڻеһ֮ͬȻһ֮ȴûͨӵеĻƢĵһۿʼ֪Ǹĵˣĸ棬飬Ըòһ

ҴǸŮչɣϣʵףǿҵıռԺⰮйӣкηӦأر棬Ҫ֪ķӦ

һ뵽棬ϣֿʼʹ¾Ҫһڼŭ飬ǰʷ¾õùߡ



Ұһſ۾ӳȫȻİ⻷
ʹԴͼŷؿźİɴ
ô˵ġ赹ǰ龰ʱЮϣ׼Ю˳ʱ˴͵Ϯ
ʹҰ߻ͬʱСĳ˿ڣᴩرľ޴ʹʹֱһĲȣ˴Ӵذˤȥһˤصѹ˴һʹſڵϡ

ŬӵذͬʱٿأںԤ£һ˫ǿֽ˱𣬱شϡ
ҰƽڴȻǰˡ
ȻϢжʲôʱģ˭ħȰ˫ۺϤĶ
ˡޱվڴǰ丩㳤ģ飬öҰ൱ѹȸС˿飬˸еϢ޷

ʲôطҰűǣٶͼӴϲ˿ļָ߸ϵҪԺ̸š
ţǿһۿ͸ж塣Ů˾˵Ҳˡ
൱ǿĸԡ
ûǹϣķ˺ʱԼͷҿǵĽӦðҶūӪҵϱˡ

ǹ׿ôȻһĮش
۾峺͵ļ˫۲رŮӡ
㡭˭Ұ൱档ģܿ϶ֻ˾棿
档ֱԻشǱ䡣
ϣڡһȻûв´֮ǰ˵˳ơ֮𡱵ǹϣķߵĵըӼͬʱҲǻʼӶӳԶ˲֪

ԼҰ֤ͨΪһԱŻԼ֮ա
Ұ˵ԼһѲڡ
ʷµŮˣʣħȵ۳ġ
ʷµŮˣһҲ˼ʵù졣
ʷ֮ĹϵɨһۣеĻҪѶԸ
Һʷ¡Ծաʷôˣǲʧܣȫץˣ뵽˵״赹ȫȻ֪
ʷΪһˣԸԼ֮񡯼ϣķ¡
ʲôôܡһʱ֮Ӧ
Ϊ˾һ൱òѹһǩˡ
ܣʷ²ˡҰ۾ؽȭͷһǣر˿ڴ
ʹȷ¡ĵķӦ֮Ĳϵ
ңǾЩ飿ܹöҰ˼ѣҲֻʷˡ
ߴ֮ڣáԼ֮񡯻㡣˻˻ٴνһѱ䣬ԼūӪļһú
Ҳţʷ²ֲ˴ֵ䣬ΪҶڹϣķܡҰʷ൱ģ˶ӡ
˵˵Ĺϵʹ󷽳ʷµŮ˲͵ˡһ̧൱
Һʷ²ŲֹϵֻǵĺѰˡһԭ͵Ļѿڶ
ĺѣһͣһЦΪ˵һǾͻΪ棬ʷûϵΪҪ˱㣿ûɿ˼Ȼץ

˵ʵ㲻Ҳû취
ΪƲʷµܹϵͿȫ𣿡
Ҳˡһۡ
˭֪ǲǡ֮ʷûдضǰ޷뿪
ҲҪҪһͬܵδ
ӣԱ롣˫ɨ޵ĴöҰ㵵޷š
ڸʲôѵʾ
𾪣΢𣬷·ҵҪĴ𰸡
ʣҰһȭͷŻӳȻһȭ˿ڵʹķȭͣڰС
治ĳȭ޶ԡ
زջأɶˡ
úϢɣûж˷ѡһʹ޵ģЦŨˡŮ˵ȷر𣬸͵ĳʡ
ûɱңһڣ޺޵غһ𣬶ǣ˿ڣʹӶû취ֱͦ
ʷҲ˵ͬĻǡѡĺĬػһۣ֮ͷҲص뿪
쵰쵰쵰ʹͷȴڷйĵ׵ŭ֪ôԹԾͷϵ˿ȴΪ
ûȭƣ۵صڴر˴ʹɺޣ´ˣҪȥˡ





ˣʲôʱ£
һ뿪Ұķ䣬ʹӸӳе֪Ϣ
ոŮֲرжϹӦҹʱ뿪ӳ򵥻ش
Ȼ뿪Ϊڲŷ֣õʡ
˯磬ʱ֣Ůͨȥֿԡ
ʣô˾ȻزסһŮӣŭ˹˯⣬޹޷Ŀ뿪ҡ龫Ѿͷ鷳

ӳ˳ȥϣֻҵҲԸԹԸǻӳ˵ǡ
ҵ֪ͨңһԴعѹŭЦˡ
ϣĸ³ͻȻһܵĳִ̼ɡɢòΪԭ빬ߡˣҪҵѣǴԭҳɡȻ֮ҪӺ

Űʱ䣬ӦûڳڣϿ˼ǿվĹ˹УʧٵʱҪҲҪù֪¡ȵûϢһȥ棬֪𣿡ϵ

ǡӳæȥ
û취ϣ̾һ
ΪңⲻĸԣϣƤ飬ҪһרעǲܵġΪ̫ˣԳӵеķգϷ

һλϻۻĹҪΪ·գŮ⣬ûκҪİɣ
ڴǰĳ˼С
׾ҵҲ޼£ҪִȥһֵܾˣԸ⿴³
޷˵äĿ㺣ֻһһ



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´չǹһҰиʧû
ȫ°ɣſڣԱ߽ҡ
һɵ㣬ǾΪιҪرչ˶Ұ
ͦģж⣬ҰĳסһʵڿǹϣķĽҰʷµŮˣϹҲûҪôͼųƵ飬Ұķ䡣

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ѲҸЦӭĴݡر˫·ܿĵħ񡣴ʱûսκƣ֧顣

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ʹ㣿Ұ̧رܵߣԶԶڿĴ⡣ʹǲģһҾԻɱ㡣طºģ鱯Ȼ
ڴһ١濿˫ֿʳסأԶҰ
ÿһھҰĴܣϢΧƵֱӣȫסؾΪ𣿻ǺˣסԼӣסʡ

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Ҫɺԭ򡣡ȥձߵˮ
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ҪԼΪʷµĸʷҪΪ˾ԲύԼ֮񡱣ֻҪһʷ¾ͲڹϣķֻҪ
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һκƽƽͬʱҲǵһؿ١
ıͦһ߰ΣĿͬʱɢһħȰа
Ĵ˵Ķ԰׺ƣȻһʱ
ĿԣĺһƬȻ
𣿡ӭԴ㵵ߣ°Ȼ
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ҵĴڡֻʷµĸȻشС
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Ψһģǰá̫Ҳ档ƽҳִһҪһȥߡ¹ϴסϴӴϮĺ硣

ΪʲôϢ൱ȡ
Ҹո˵ҿһֻҪߡɲرʾ
߼𣿡ЦһеܿЦ
ߣܱϹúáһǣ顣
ҰŲѵӣݺҧŴͷȥһһɱͷľ޴Ӿܾ
ڴһ졣Цһɵתȥģһűӡȼġ





ʷ±֮󣬵ٶ۾һ൱ʸɾķС
ͷͼ赹֮ǰ龰Լǵã·һʹŮ
ˣϣӷ⴫Ц绨سǰһͷʷ¿ʹŮξ㡣
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ҡؿڵʹ
ô˵ǣʹ˿ڣæַ֡òҪҶȻҽ˵ƲҪ㻹Сһ㣬˿ءִһ˲䣬֮պر֡

ʷΪԼϣΪ֦Ҷ߸ϵ˽ԷǷ֮һİ֫ϵĽӴҲԵ൱졢Ѱ
ַϣھԼðʧٶЩֻʧ룬ҵջ˫֣պһƬ
Ϊ˵ĽӴȴٵÿڹΨһӴҲֹ棬ʱΪλңԭ֪
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ҵȲ˺ãûôʱ˷ѡ˵ţƿʹֱ´ǰɴĳϰҲصϣǰ

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ٲȵҩϾͻ䡣ιˣˣ̫жӦ׽ҩһһڵС
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ĸʵڲʺϵһ֮ѹᱻһͿأм֮ͷʵӣϧɻ
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𰸣Ҫˡ



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ˣǾڴׯҹһ磬ټԤг̡ǼϵȻڰ˼Уʮ˵Ĳһ岿䡣

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а˲˿УֻһĿܡȻףߵԭ򲢲ֻ´вΪѰҹԭʷֻķʶ

𣿶Ұнյͬ˿ġŪ壬Ŀ룬ڶԷжǰƻ̣ҲϧСͷֻҪʷ¿ƽ£͹ˡ




ƥǲרչ˺󣬶Ұûָ̻صӪʡⲻԶδȫڣ̽һ¸ĵκͻ
Ȼг˻ߵĴ㣬ٵиס
ڻķϴӪԵȥһƬƽԭء
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ԹԵӪУӪȼһѰѵĻ棬谵⻷ʶľǰԼʱʷ˲ս龰ڷԡѪսͬĻУһҲĨɷ˵ļ䡣

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ֻˮȣԲŵ˻Ӫʵʱ䡣֪ڴҲ֪ڴ˿ĵ׵뷨ȵ߱ƵͶ·ʶرӿ

ȵȣ˭׼ߵģӵĶᡣûĽų̣Ӳر
ӪϢߡʱ˿ûһ£һгƣ벻ֻȿˮúϢ
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֪ںڰ˶ãҰڲ֧أΨһȷԶȼŻѵӪһξ롣ʱһƬڰУȻҹʴĿ־壬ȴҲΪϱɫںڰУб£ҲҲ

ҰſڵأѵصϢͬʱԼúڰħơʹ弫Ϊʣ׼һ·ؾʱԼء
Ϣ˺һ׼ԵʱһпӰߵγ״顭
ԭû˦վǰ֮ң
㡭ôĵӣǰ˵ܾܡ䵽㣬ڰʱ顣
Ըı飬Ҳûٺ
Ȼϵ鹡ͬԱ
ο½ӣóصŭһ֮ɱԼ˵Сйߡ
Լ䲻أϢȻΧסһʶȥȻ˫ȴץģáڰУ޷֪̽κж

ʲôͺĻδһĴиĴһůҺд롣Һз·Ҫζٰ㣬˲ǻʺ

ƤеҺ岻ˮǡ
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Щƣů͵ġеҺ壬ٶƤ׼ιൽС
ҲҪȣ㲻ҪҡԭȱˮһӴˮֵľƾѪҺѭƲһ¶ǣҰѸе⡣ٶȸĴǿҺ壬Դѳʰ״̬

ƣ롢ͷ衢ƾȫס
ȵƶкôƬҹ䡣ٶȹھơ
һ󣬵ȷеѺȻ˯ȻؽţƤƴСر
ʱڱҹյɢˣϽ¹͸Ʋ㣬ӶĹâ˴ϵˡ
ֱվڻԭУŻеĶҰȻеһĪ˸Уϣǿ־ǿŮԼߡ
ԼȷĴ𰸣¡
ɫ¹ĴϣҷصӰֱɫصľͷ
汧صӪʣ˯ţŷĵ뿪Ӫޡ



һ̤Ӫޣ˴ͬеĸӳǰ档
ӳйϢˡ
รô졣⣬ϢֵıԤл硣
ϣλڹϣķԼ߽ҵСǣǴԼһ·̡ӳóͼָž׶ԶһС㡣
СǰԼΧڣҲסŲٹϣķԼˣطʲôüƤͼϵСص㡣
εϢ˵˿ʷһǸҵСǡӳ
ʷ£ϢŶȶߣ
˾ŲʮûһյϢ²ϱӳ̬൱
˼ˡޱ˼ԭȷϣʷ֮ǰûκνйӺ͹Ȼһ𣬸ԭֵζ
ӳ̽ȥ̽ʵκνһϢСһΪĸ࣬ӳ൱˽Чʡ
ܺãˣҵִ֮ǰҪݾߡƽдоϡ
ǡ
ʱӪдҰֺֽеһ棬˵һĻ֮ӪС
غӪڳʱĸӳ֮룬ԱӰȫ
Ұѩ׵Ƥǰỽ
˫۽ȴ߽ĶҰȻ亹ʪʹࡣ
ӳǡһ򲻹ЦѪӾһŮ˺ǻᣬɵۡ
Ů˭ΪλȻڶӳӪУ
鲻Ҫ˵ȥ͵ûпκˡȥϵĺ飬ΪŵĹȽŸеЦ
ոһĺû龪һ
ģӳһرؿƿ֪ӳҪȥ˴ѡʮλӽǸĲҳ϶ȴû⡣

ȥûоԱҪҪңҪϢˡӳӦҲʶȥ
ƤϣٶȰȻ˯òֵḧļգָԸеĴ档ʷ·ֺʧ߽ﲻټңתΪϸ

ʷ¡ʷ¡㲻ҪߡҪҡʷ¡
ԭ߽ا䡣
Ұ¹ȻʷйأʹָأУ˵ĹϵȻǰ㵥
ʷµʲôϵʲôʱԸ⿪ڸʵľҰ㣬һŭ˵ѣʹеͻʷµ֡Ҫ֪ʱ˿ߵˣʷ£

ݺݷסĴȥ૵߽
ҵǣ˳˯е
棿УԼоߡΪʷ¡
ҪԶǵãҵģϾеڶ˿ӵ㣬ʷ£Զõ㡣淢ǱĴļաľҪϵÿһӡǡҪԶǵãҹϵʷ¡

Ű޽ӵŭ棬ȥϵĵͬʱҲȥԼġ
ĶҰֻȡԼƿȼ޷˼ͷȻÿͼ׽֮ǰĿֲͻḡԺǿӲȥڵĲ쾭顣

Ҫһ˫˫ȼļȻ˳
汻Ľ壬ûֵͣԸ
ݵ˵𣿡ķ۾ƵŴƵ˫ȼ䡣
֪Ҹû취Һܺ£µÿҪĲӳڡ
㺦ң̧ͷͣж۶ġ⻰⣬ΪУֻк⼰ŭ⡣
š䵱ʱֿ־иǿҡ
Ϊʲô£ץԾؼһ¶ĸо⣬Ҳܳ
ҡۣˮʪۡպʹΪôֱ׽ʱ׺ݡµģֱַȴʹо

ô˵ʡһֺݺݵĺ촽ϡ
ҰĬˮϢػա
ңΪκ£ĵıʣ棬΢͡
ΪˣںʲôµĲĴֱǡ޵ᣬ˿̵
ܽᣬҪ
Ұ߾۵׵Ŀ־Ͳ
ۣڣסɿץס֣ص
Ұʶɪȴļƣһۿ
Ȼµϴεļ䡣
֪һεľܿ־壬Ǵƣڲͬңеڶˣһġļգϵૡ֪ԼóȥıɫȥǰĲ쾭顣ϣΪŮ֮ǰࡢʹġ

ҵͷû衭Ұе˻ҪȼǾƾ
ȣҲ̡
һᲹģһٴθĶٴֱȡ֮ͺǻ
ҹúðúϧ





֪Ӻʱʼ߿ʼ׷
Դǰͼʧܺĸж㱻ȫƣýر˶ʱ粽ҪߣͨС
ѼƻʧܵҹҪҹ͵һȫͬϵһԼ˳ţǺ׵˫ؾϵϺǺۼ֪ԼӲˡǣԸȻǲҲѷɣԤС

֮ļ죬һƶ飬֪Ŀĵǰ
⼸ÿҹ涨Ҫߣ˯ͬһӪʡÿÿҹǷԼУ˯ðȣϰůš

Լ̰ůе൱еĿ־ҲվúһѹֲĵʷʱҪжǷݸ飿

ЦɣԼµľĵǷݲ֪ʱ㺡ĸ൱ӣŭмһ˿顣֮⸴ӵĸо൱ԻѷֲԼϲŴߣΪΪ󱨸ߣ

һҹӪԸܵĹ۹⡣˳ŮװعˣȻΪ⼸ͶƵߣ

˼ҰŴĶߣװصһֱ͵͵һӡ֮ǼϵķˣϢһúúˮһվͣ

ģСվм˳·һСϹ㡣
ӳҵСǺֻܽҪٸһ·ͿԵִˣΪʲôڻҪڴϢҵᵢѰҹʱĸӳ޷ظʵ

νһ·̣һ˽죬ҪͣͣϵִĿĵء
һ飬֪ϵСǣҲ֮󼪡ҵ뷨㲻ضǡݵĶ¥᷿ڣСУŶ¥Ļش

ҰιʳƥһͶ
ӳΪԼҰ𣿡ӳȥ꣬δκһŮ˹ġ
ĬĬߣųһ䡣ɣ
һӳȵסΪԣñеһӾͱ˿ѵбǿ¶ǣ
ӳΪĲСһ仰ò˵˵ѵÿյӳϿҵ˴ǶףӳǵԼҰ״г̱ԤࡣﲻΪζӳҪŵй²ͬУҶԷǸŮˡйУԶӳϣķ൱ıʾ

¾Ǽֻ֪Ҫǲ˵˭֪ҴҰͬСŲˮȻڶҰӰϡ
ǹѾ֪
ϼһȻѾֶҰҴ⣬ϹȴȻ
ǵģոյõϢ
ҰһҴãҴϼһﲻ׼
ӳôֻԼε񲻵ҾʱЧԣԳϣӳմع⹫⡣ǶӳΪֱǹ͹ԡӳ൱

ǰԼܵԹĲȻܵãڹǰعؾȻ˽ȴܲԹ𾴺͸мżоϹк⣬ʹ֪ԭ

ûбҪԼȥϼһǱߵԼᴦ͵ǾͲҪˡһۣʾ̫ǡ
ȻҾͲ˵ˣŶӳд㡣ӳᣬ˳߶ӳһϢ˽˶Իϣӳ֮
һ࣬ǺҪ飬˵ɣӦʡ
Ϣӳ˽б׼ѡѹ͡
⻰һԭΪᱬŭ𾪣Ȼȴһ̩Ȼƽ顣
ӳỽһķӦеơ
˽˵һʺš
ӳǸ൱ĴţһҥԹƻ󣬽ΣĵλԾطŴ
Ҿǹְ㣬һϼһҿˣҲ밲ȻعӡʱֻңԹϣķսĿɲֻԼһ塣ؽٶת⣬ҰʧҰһأ

üʼѰԵ⻷
Ƕӳ
ǵ̸Ϊֹʲô´˵жϲ̸ֱĻԵ¥ȥĵĴѰķ١
òףǱߵһҵ
ʲôͻŭһһͷҰƼס
㲻ҪôвУҵĻ궼ˡץаؿš
ҲǾ㣬ȥﶼøұ棬һ뿪ҵ߷Χ𣿡ΪԼĹȵĸеա
ҲǹģֻǡĻû˵ꡣ
ʲôнץĳõؽһ̽
һһƾɵԼͳ
·ûġӵɡ
ոιʱ˲СĴˮͰұһϵʪ·˵Ųոһδþúþòôˡ

ǰȻʪһƬ
·ģʡ
ǸˮͰ򷭵ϸ͸ҵģ˵ִԴʪ·磬÷纮ġ۵׺ˮԴӼƻʧܺ۵Żɡ

ϸԼˣؿ챻ƿޣԼˡԭǸոշȻʧʱķӦ̫ǿҼ
ǲǶҪһֱҡίޡ
Ϊʲôᣬʡ
¡תܣȻȴһֽأؽӵ뻳С
ϸԼˣķǸ⡣
𰸶޷ıڵĴǿ˼ˮ޺޵ҧ
ҡ˺㡭ķʽǸ
Ѿ˵ҺѾ˵޷ԼˡѹĲԼ˵Լʷµ⡣
ҰˣȻпˡ
һúʹ࣬Ҳˣòã㣡̧ŵۣؿš
ոϸϳʷµĲþǰйһ֮ԵϸĶͬҲʷ³ͷжҰĶӣһӣתĶӡ

㵽ôˣ޵˶Ƶģĸž
֮ǰǿúܣˮǰ¡ȴƵؿ⸱ģһ̰ˮҵò֪롣

ˣѾˡҰп޺š
ҸϸĶѾεռƻѳְϣķ˻Χ˶ˡǿʱѪǲġ
ϸڴĴЦݣ˿ڣ޷֪ǲпʵ
ҰݺݵؿţѶۻѹͱ˺ݺݵؿ޸ûҲû˵ڴʧѣ뿪սҲͣķ硭нһСӣǧǧƬ

úÿ޸ɣôˡ׸ķ֪ĵߣҲ׷ֻҪϴУǿҲе൱ο

һǰжºǿװߡ



ϣķ׶ԶҵСѾˡǰʷ¼Ҫ˵أϣȰֻһ
СǺʷһ·ڱۣ˿ڶ񻯣ȫԵķգԭľҹԼ߾ļƻֻܸãʷ˺֮˵
ʷ£оôϣ΢ЦǰǰգŵֽţһȻΪ˸ղ
Һöˡʷ֮󣬽һ࣬Щͷʹ;⣬޴󰭡
廹ʲôطһҪรõҩ˷Сϡ
лл㣬ϣʷ¶м⼸ҪչˣŲ
Ȱҩ˰ɣҩĺЧҮҩҨһС
ҩЧԵʣΪչˡʷȻĵķ
ף
ûչˣҲָܻô죬ķǳлл㡣֣˵Եĸл⼸ദʶ൱һ档ϣǸƯ󷽵ŮͬʱҲ൱õʺͺս֮ǰһǴ˼ҵǧС㡣

ô˵ԼӲҪչ㣬ңһĺ֣ܿһҲࡣ۾ЦôһлƮƮȻأÿร

ʷȻһᡣ
ԡȻ΢
˵ʲô˵
룬һֱʷǾͺˡ̧ͷץ֣̬档
ϣ
ҡɲһֱߣʷ¡òײŹ
̹塣
ҵĿԣϣһ뵽ԼΣյıͲƽݣʵ
֪ˡҲеΪѡЦһҪ⣬ڿЦˡΪһùܳܵľܾʹ֪ʵ֣ķȻܵ˺ܲζ

е룬װµ
ȵȣϣס뷿
ʲô𣿡ͣ½Ųûлͷ΢š
ƿӣʷ±󡣡ҿһ¡󻷱ůƽϢΧ
ãȻˣΪȻôԼȥһֱоӷȣ档
ʷ¡Ը⿼ǣûпӵֻߺӵ
ûиģΪδ˿ȴһ˾Ҫ˳
һŮʵΣգ˿Ӧܱһ˺áȦסķ㡣
ȻˣΪʲô㻹Ҫǣת档һ̶Ԩԭӻҡ
ǹǵİȫ⡣ң˵һʱΣաĻвкΡ
ҲںֻҪܸһʲôΣҶںͬȦס֤Լ͡
ܾԼһ൱ҪΣյ顣һᵽߵΣգȻһãȻʲôƵģԴһȱšֻҪÿͼ𣬾ҵͷʹͻݺݵҧס

ʲô£ʲôˣΪʲô벻ǴӺʱʼѼǲˡֻ֪ûԼȥڻȥĿʲôʵ벻

ԼǵкҪ죬˾ˡ
ʷ£˼ˣֻҪһ͹ˣǲǣ˼ֹܷЧҩԡ
⼸µҩвһֶҩҩĹЧʹࡢԸԵʷ»ʹ飬ϣӦþǸŮˣԼҰ

ţ˵ĶԣҲú˼룬ͽͷʹЦЦͷʾͬϣǸʹֻҪһзնʧһɶЩŵҲԶԶر

ر



ͶҰһ˲þ͵ִҵСǡ
֮ǰڴ˵صγӳһ˵ִɧ˵ǵϢȴ˾֪
ӳҺܻһУһҲǰɣһٷӴסҲ֮ǰ浣εطӳʱסķӡʱӳֻһСࡣ

һ˾ûõġ̤ڣҲûơ˵ı飬Ե֪Ƿѡ
ӳһˣûԸúϢӳʶ¡һ򲻹Ц澹ȻԵƢ꣬ײòҲ֪˭ӳز롣

ҰԵ
ҡˡ仰һ֮Ȼñ꣬Լ䡣
û뵽гһصĵأƬͯµءСǣǵ갢˱ɱĵطԣʵڲ
ӵû˵ۣûʸۡڻܵ¯ߣѩůë̺ϡߵĿռ䣬ʾ¡
˲̫վһԣԾܾ
ҵĻֻ˵һΣ㲻Ҫͼëҡƽÿ¡鲻õҪԭжһֻصعĻĵطһԭ򣬾ǶҰ

Դʹ֮󣬲໰øĬ˼Ҳ׽ڣԶ²ĵʲô᯼ģȻŭκ˶䵭ر

ûжǻ㣬ŭԼײԴӽǺɫʼձýġ
ŭԺδҪ£͵¡ǣϷվƽ
ңҪɱҡͷܾӴƵߡ
ΪʲôرۣܵһѪ
ĺ޵ֵزһۣϡӶĴڣ
ҲףҪҴкôңҶûкôķ·˰㣬ԴϸнĽӺԹϣķ˵վ

׵ңԴ޵һһֱҡץʹ֣źŭͶ⡣
ǵжԵı䡣Ǹ߸ϵĵйӳֻǹĽĹϵֵҵ̬ȱкϣ⼸ұĳڴܱǸֻĴظĪ˿

ЩദԵظоĸСǰĮ̬Ⱥ޸ı䣬Ȼһϣ˵ദʱҰԵǿҸȴ㵵ò֪룬ֱֻܿ

Ŀ־ͽ䱸Ȼף°ǲǣá
ҵĴһ֮Цһô˵һֱΪĵˣһʼͲı䣿ÿ£ֱġ
ûԼ͹ϣķ֮˾սӮǵΨһ޾ֱ
ϸ൱Ĵ̼ȼĶǡ֮ǰƣһʧĸУ֪ȥһУøڶ⣬ΪԼΪʷ£

ãȻô˵ôҾԶԴŮūķ㡣Ļİ޽ӵĻҩһٵһٵؾԼҪ˺ȻȴԶԵĳ⡣УֻһʷΪеĹϣķˣʷºԼһС

ҪʲôֱŭǴ̵ֱġ
ʲôŮūûʸʡΨһľǱ۾ΪԼȥĬݺƵڣľϡ
Ÿɫģ̫ʵʲŭôġ
سһԵޣаĺɫɱΧ£ܣһ
ߣϵһôҡҧϷʵԴв֮⡣
Ҫ̢ԼôһƵ¶Űıԡ
Ȼ׼ͱĺҪ֪Υҵĺޣˢһݺݵسȥ
ģƤĴĿѪۡһ£ʹֱð亹ƵĴʹȼ
ҰҧʹǿĸӲǲԼ޺
ֻҪ㿪ģҿͣ±̢丩ӡ
ѩױһѪۣ˲ȻеֻҪϹԹ˺̢
ҲῪڵģþôұ̢ǿĶҰȫ£һޣбľ
ĺۡоȼ
ܺãڼʶİǡ˿ϵͷܳŭٶȼ
˵ػӣ޽ӵŭ޲ôݵϡ
Ȼȴˡ۾ĬĬľ飬ǿҵ𺳸ϯ
²֡
ɶΪ˴ңΪʲô顢ᡭѵĿУһҲȲʷǸһƵػޣһһɨһԵĸɲݶС

Ĳмѩ衣
һޱ޵ıˡɨϣ롭
ŻˣΪķɱޣʢŭ֮µⷬ
ΪĹ۸Уδʷ±ȽϣĻźŨĴ⡣
⣿ΪҪʷµĴףΪʲô
˵Ҫ˵סеޣ׺ݵץ
ѱƵ·ˣ̹ףҪеõһ𰸡õĵĴ𰸡
һ˵ʲôݳԼΡ
ʻȼġ
ʷǼһﻹ汧ڴѾԡԼ֮񡯽һͷ㵽ֱ˻ʲôڴģץòζ

ҲţˡʷµȷкļΣ㲻ԡԼ֮񡱹ԹԽڴԴͻΧħơ
ţҿ̴ȥʷ¡ĵ൱п뷨
ǵ죬ǹʷԼӣʱʷҪǽԼ֮񡱣ҪڶҰǰúŭʷ£ĥ
˵ҲǡϢ⣬Ȼϵȴʹﲻ
ʷϣһƿ׼ͶΪϣķ߾ܵش̼
ǿߣжȴصʷߵͷҪôʹȥ
ʷ£٣һ֧֮غ۾ʹǰ
ʧġ治ٶԡʺѪӡϡϣ飬ȴͬһĿˡ
ͬǣ˰ˡ汧ŻԵ
ֻҪһСǣͻ֮ǰĸסĻ䡣Ŀ˵ģûܹ˽⣬ûˡ



ڰ

ú˶赹ĶҰϣʷµʱŴղźͶҰǿִѵȲٺʷ¹֡Ʊصͨͨûϵ졣

֪ĵص㣬է֮ʱһΪǷŪ鱨Թʶ˽⣬ǧ֮ίƽСݡ
汧Żɵ̬վСǰĽŲûڣһõЦڴеŮϵãǹЦ
վſ˺һþúþЦ˿ԭ׹ΪλʷһƺЩ˽ˡѲɹһ뵽֮ĿԣüĲɵš

һϣҪʵгеڸʲôԼĶʷһ̫ơ̫ԭˡ
ϣײŶ룬ѹŭʷһεºܣͬʱöҰϣΪģĶʻж
棿ϣͻλ֮ͣ˲ʱЩȣܿȥϵȻ顣
ˣжԶԼԤϵࡣ춼Ѿˣһ̳֡
һԵʷͬȻ˲䡣
Ͳ²⵽ϣķԻ˸ȻϣֻǹϣķߴΪ֪ϣ֣״̫ͻȻ˴ֲ
ϣ㾿ڸʲôɨһۣԼͽıڵĻϵƽţֱš
ڸֲĳЩˣĻôض
ϻ˵ԹԸһȥû죬ֻҪʷ´һ죬еĲ޷ʧ
ݵɨһԵʷ¡
ǹϣķҵȻԼȥУ첻ҲȥˡΪҾҪ޸£δĹϣķŭ壬˦˦

ϣûǡʷףһϵõģڴеĹϣķûۼ
ûǹϣķ̹ԡ
Ϊңû뵽ǵй
Լһûж˼̹ʵ֡ǰ
ҡʷԶԡ
ǻعк˵һ븸ͻ㣬һڹǺܺ¶δĹϣķأ˵ġھģҪ档

˭֪ķӦûԤе𾪣ֻɨһۡ
Ҳδ̫ˣͲóȥʷͷ󻼣Ļ˵ͬʱһֱעʷµķӦʷµĹ֮ѡԼ֮񡱵ˡ

Ǳҳˣ㲻ʷһëȻĲ㡣ϣ˽ĸԣóʱȼŭ𣬶ŭ𲢷Եʷ¡

รǶҰ˵أһҲ𣿡ǰһݺбʷ¡
ʷºη˵ƣ˸վһ߰İѷĿཻ˫ζԡ
ҵȻҵˣһ취ǵġʷȻУƺѷɫ
ƾ㣬ʲô£ԼŮ˶ˣ븴ȫˣΰɣݵȡЦ
˵ҰǰѶҰôˣûǶҰڶԷУֻǵΪֻȫˣ˹ϣķߵԭ
ϣΪ⣬ʷ¾ȻûǸŮˡѵŮ˴鷳ʹ໹
ҰܺãٱȸʱɶˡԼ֮أ㵽벻ŮˣԭԶҰļһﾹȻȫһ¡
ҰҵŮˣǹùõŮǱáʷµȻ
ʲôϣ൱⡣Ϣ֪ʱǰԼһŮ
ΪҰ⣬ʮǾڲ֣ս˶Ϊ͹ϵҰȻ֪Լ֣Сͺƽһֶ˵ֻǸӲΪԼԼʷ½ȭʹࡣ֪ԼȲˣƾҰûС˵û

ȻܣΪҪǣ治Ϊ
ʱˣ֪ҲνԾûٱܵıҪ֪Ұ֣кô
ԸоǿҵĶʹ⣬ǶҰ
ҶԶҰĹûȤֻ֪Ϊʲôϣ죿ΪʲôȥѰҡԼ֮񡯣Ϊʲô޷ԭҰΣڵϦȻڴ˺ϣ̸Ц

Ϊе˾ųûҰʶ۹⡣
Լ֮񡯣ͷȻʹҡΪʲôҪȥҡԼ֮񡯣ԼĴ֮Ŷֱð亹
˺͹Լ
ʲôԼҡͷʡ
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ҲۣȻع䡣̬䵭
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ۼѱԶԶԺ󣬴ԭصϣþ޷
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ҰҰҲͣȥֱļˮûͷ



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ӳأ㲻һȥ𣿡ӳʡ
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ǲǺɵأϣЦһ߳䣬Ҳ߳Ƭ顣



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һµ˸ԭòˣ˾״⣬һаá
㲻ý⣬Ƿˣ˼ǱȽ𡣡ЦŶ͡ˣ֪˵һİˣڴһλҰŮӣ˵ŮǲСӵģơ

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ΪǶˣսô꣬ƣԴĽߣͶˣҲ·ˡѵΣҲӦϣ顣

㲻ŵԣس侲Ĭḧ
ҰҡͷЦЦûлشֻԼʱһƽֵʱЩҪı;Ͳᷢˡ
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ҶӶˣȥԶɣ׾ӵػر⣬Ĵ𰸶̫أȥھ֪̽׷Ҳֻ˱ˣֺʷ塢ϼ尾ĸ˳ȻŰɣ

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¸ʮ꣬ȴĿĸΪסܣĸӲͣǨסСʱĸĴˣž޶ȻĸҲ൱ӣĸ׳˶عգ跨ԼʱֻСʹࡱ֡ĸʮʱȥű̬뵱صĹϣķӣƾŽܳı֣һ·ҵССӳһְ֮Ѳӵس൱ʶͱٻ빬¡

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