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ʿ˵:"ѧԴں."Ȼ,ǶΧȤ.¹ǿ,Ӵ֮ʱ,޲һֺ桢֮.ѧΪ˶˼,ѧɴ˶̽İ,ѧ˶չʾ,˵Ҿʹ̸.ѧӡɺѧ֮,ɺ˼"".ᱲΪȻ֮̾,Ҷʿ˼Ĳ!,ֻʹǴз֪֮ĮԶ,ͬʱڵ¼ֵе!
ʿһβѧ,"Ŵ,һֻʥ",,Ǳڽѧо.ĺ͸ֻΪעǴٽķչ,֪ʶ.Թ㲩,Ȥ㷺,ʱһ򼸺й̽,ͼա⵱ʱһʵ֪ʶ,Ҳȷʵÿжļͽܳĳɾ.ǹŴѧѧļ,һٿȫʽ˼ϵ,ĻʷѧʷͿѧʷռԺյĵλ.
ڻع˼άʱ,ܷʿĻһλ.
ʿµ˼뾫տϸ,һ,Ҽһеĵʦ,һյǵڹŴϿ.֮ǰûѧȡùĻԻͳɼ;֮Ȼѧ޽,δ˶ʹʧȥǻ۵Ĺ.ڸΪ"ʷױȵ",˼˵"Ŵΰ˼",˹Ϊϣ"ѧ",Щ.
"֪˵ı",ʿµ.Ϊ֪,֪˸ߵ͵,ϵΪ,֪ʶ,Ѱеı.Բõδֲֻͨи֪ʵ,𽥻֪ʶܴﵽ,Ϊ֪,ߵĿ,ǻ,˼Ҹ.
֪,ֻѧϰ,Ҹнѧ̽.ʿΪһܰĳ֪ʶڸʱ,㶮.ѽչ֪ʶʵķʽ.ڽ֮,ŵѧУ,һҪԼ˼ޱؽ.Ľоɹγ˶ƪ,˵400,ǽܼ47ܶ඼ʧ,˶,˾Ĳ,漰ķΧо.Щй߼ԡѧΡɷ,йʷ˼ʷ,й,йȻʷֲ﷽,йڻѧġѧ,йѧġһ˵ͷô֪ʶ,ʵһܱ.
ʿʵ,ؾ,֪ʵ,Ҫ
ѧ.֪ʵϵľ,̽յƵĹ,̽ĹâͶѧδ֪,̽µ֪ʶ,Ӳн,Ըµĳɹ˵ʵ.˵:"ʿµѧлĶ,Ѱ,̽."ÿһһЩԭ,ȼ˼άĻ,Ϊ˾޴.
ʿڵͶ,ΪԼΰ֪ʶ֮.ϵ˰ѧ԰,൱һʱ䶼ǿѧѧоĻԻ.˳Ϊ"ѧ֮",京һָ춨߼ѧѧ,ָǹϣѧ,ѧƵĴʼ.ѧչʷ,һܷĳһ,ĳһ,ǲɶõ˲;ܵ춨ĳѧƵĻ,νѧ;ĳһʱڡʱĳļ,ʷټ.ʿѧƵĴʼ,ʷλȷʵͬʱ˼󼰵.۱ϴ˹ʱ˵:"۾ĴĲ,
˼뷽Ҫ֮һ."ͬʿ.
ǿ϶ʿµĳɾ,ζſ϶ȫѧ˵.ʵ,ĺܶ˼붼ѱµĿѧ,رȻѧ.൱һֿѧҰǽѧϰ.ƽĶ,ȫ̷ǲԵ.Ϊѧķչǲ,Ĺ.ӿѧʷǶȿ,ԳʿѧչеĹ,ǽ˱ضľ֮.ѷ.˹˵:"ʿԶᱻ,ҵһһεǵȤ."Ƕ۶ôͬ,һʵ޿ɷ,Ϊ̽˵·,ʵѧΪ,˼һʾƸ.˼뷢չʷ,̱λǲɶҡ.



һ ƽ

һʦʿµһ˵Ͽ,Ҳһ˳.
ƽ,ҪԹϣѧʷϡ¼ıߡ˼Ļʷҵŷ.ޣԼԪ200250꣩ļ.¼õĶǼӲ.ѧ߶ЩϽУ,ռ,Զ,Ŵӡˢ,ֱܶӲû,Щϸⲻǳƶ,ì.ݶ˵Ŀ,ʿµһ¿ɷΪĸʱ:1.ʱ,˹뿪絽ŵȥѧ,Լ17ʱ;2.ѧʱ,ӹԪǰ367ӵѧϰ뿪ѧ԰,Լ20ʱ;3.ʱ,ӹԪǰ347굽ǰ335,12,12ŵ䵽Сϸ,Сϸǵ,طŵ;4.ѧʱ,ӹԪǰ335ŵѧ,ǰ323ٴ뿪ŵ12,겡.
1ʱڰϣ귨,ʿڵ99ֱĵһ,Ԫǰ384.λڰٺ뵺˹.˹ϣֳ,ľϷİ˹űǵ.ʿµĸƾǰ˹,ڰҽΪҵ,ĸ׷˹˹űǵ.Ԫǰ382ǰ336꣩ĸ˹ҽ.ܸ׵Ӱ,ʿ´Сϲѧҽѧ,רעʵؾƷ.ҽѧʾİ,ǿҵĺ.ڹ͢,ʿ游,빬͢ӴĻ.˵ʱһˣ.
˹ڹԪǰ369ȥ,͢ڱ˶λ֮.ֶ໥ɱ,ʱ10.Ԫǰ359,˹ճ׵ֶ,λ.ڴ֮,ƾ뿪˶ҵ,ص.,Ϸ˫.ʱ,ʿδ.
ĸ,ʿɽ㰢ľ˿̦ͽŵ˹,˶ԵܵܵĽʮֹ.ʿ¶Խ㡢м,ľ⻳,,ҪŮ޸֮ŵ,ŵΪŲ̳,Ա㡢֮.
ʿ½,,һܵ,аľ˹˹,.׵ܵز,ʿһֱ,Ϊ֮Լ.
2ѧʱѧʱָʿ17Զŵ밢ӵףͼѧ԰ѧϰ,ͼȥΪֹڼ,ҲǴӹԪǰ367ǰ347
Ϊֹ20.
Ԫǰ367,ո17,֪ʿ¸㡢,뿪,ѧ,˵ʱĻŵ,Ͷڶʢʱڵİӵѧ԰,ʦ°ͼ.ʱŵ,ȻΡ÷ѲǷٵ,ĻȻȫϣ.ÿһܵĻѬ,һ˵ϣĵط.
ʿµ֮ʱ,ŵѧУ,һ˵ո޴ѧУ,һǰͼѧѧУ.
ѧУ໥,ǵĿͬ,Ϊȫϣǰλҵ˲.ֻѧУĽһ.ոƫʵ,ѧ޴Ƿ,ѵ۱缼;ͼע,ȫѧĺ,Ŀ,"ʹѧҳΪ,ʹϵľѧľ."ٵΪѧҪ,ӵҲ޴ǡ۱֮Ŀγ.ͼӵĻ̽,ҷ˼,չѧĳ˼.
ͼԪǰ427ǰ347꣩,ǹϣĴѧҡ˼ոףԪǰ469ǰ399꣩ѧ.ġ˴ǵ䡷Ӣ1985ġֲᡷѰͼʿʮ˼֮.ͼڹϵøԣļͥ.
ԣûʹFӵ׷ɫȮĶ֮.ʱ,ͱֳ˴ӱͶ෽Ĳ.,Ȳ,˼,̽,ѧ.ѧ⡢ѧչս,һȤ.ո׵Ӱ,ѧ."ѧЩϲ","ѧκʱȰ".λ,ŵζΪͷ,Ҳǽ,رصʦոױ,ʹʹļ,еﵽŲ塢ͳ,ѡԼ·,;,ѧ֮·,Ҫѧ.
ͼһ:һǴѧ԰,;Ǻ,Ƴѧ.ͼйĿ,ĳЩ֮:йʷ״˽˰ѧĽ,ͼʷ״ѧ԰Ľ;ӶйͳĻķչмԶӰ,ͼͳĻķչռгߵλ.
ͼڹԪǰ387괴ѧ԰.ѧ԰λŵ,ȡΪ"ӵ"Ϊѧ԰.ѧ԰ɣ,ʢ˥,ֱԪ529궫۹ʵ۲ʿرΪֹ,ǰٰ֢ͼ:ƪ5473D.ڹڰͼ,м˵:1.Ԫǰ430429ǰ348꣨ڸѧʷ¼2153,159,271,272ҳ;2.Ԫǰ428/7ǰ348/7꣨¿:ϣѧ1,2ҳ;3.Ԫǰ427ǰ347꣨׽ࡶʮ˼ҡ93ҳ,Ǻӡ1288ҳ,һЩоͼ.
916֮.ѧ԰ԳƵŷʷϵһ̶ѧУ,ΪϣʱڵĻչ˽ܳĹ,˲Ļʷռ׿Խλѧ,ԽŷγɺͷչѧԺʹѧӰ.,ѧ԰Ҫǽѧ,ѧҲ,˵ڽõǰдĻ:"δѧѧ߲".
ѧ԰ûнѧٺͿγ̱,ʿ˵,ʦδû׼õĽ,ûдһ̿,ҲһپܾΪѧһϵ.Ϊ,̫,ѹһԤõ鱾ģʽȥ.ѧѧ԰ѧϰЩγ,޴֪.Ѱͼڡƪ7ѧĽѧ滮ѧ԰ʵʩĿγ̵Ļ,ƶ,ѧҪѧϰƽ漸Ρ弸Ρѧѧȣͼ˵,ѧԺձ,ܰ˵ɸȥ˼ڣ,⻹ҪѧϰᡢΡȷ֪ʶ.Ȼ,ЩγֻΪѧϰ֤춨,ѧϰѧǰ.ڰ￴,Сѧѧ.
ʿ³ѧ԰ʱ,ͼﵺ.ݴ,ͼ԰,λšӢ,мϲ,̸͸ϲ.ʿ¹ڳ,ֹ,,ڿڲ,ͷ,˼ά,ϲ,̸ʱ˵,Ƿ,Ȥ,ѧ԰þʾ˵Ķ෽Ĳ.ԼڹԪǰ360,ѧ԰ոѧУһս.ոѧͼѧ԰̸,ͽп,κͷʵ.ʿΪͼѧ԰Ĵ,սո¶ͷ,ոѧУעʵõĹ,ָԷ˼ƶ,ǿʶ,Դһʱ֮ʤ,ѵѧ֮,ӶΪͼѧ԰.ڷܺѧ,ѧҵտ,Ż,Ⱥ,һ˼̡˼άǿ.ͷŵ֪ʶ,ѧѧ޴ѧ߼ѧʷѧѧѧѧҽѧѧȻʷϷ硢ʫȶо,гɾ.һΰͼĬ˵,ѧ԰:һѧ,һʿµͷ.ͼʶʿµĲѧ,Ϊ"ѧ԰֮Ӣ",ס"֮",Ϊѧ԰Ľʦ,޴ѧ.Ų˼Ҳ,Ҫ""ѱ.
ѧ԰,ʿͬѧ̽ѧ,˼;ѧ԰,Ѹٵر仯.յٷ,ıĶԱ,ʾһɲɶֹ.ζԴһ,ŵֳ໥.ոΪ,,,ϣܹ໥ɱĵϣǰŽ,һ¶,Ӷᶫ.ǵĿں:ϣսǢٲο׽ࡶʮ˼ҡ,,1990,134135ҳ;Ӣѷ.˹ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,40ҳ.
ȥ,޵Ҹϣ.ɵǵĦ˹,,ҰĲҪΪŵĴ,ڹԪǰ351ڹϷ˷յ˵.Ϊٲϣ,ҪݻϣĶ,ɱϣ,ϣĻ.ⳡ,ʿ²ܹ,ֱ,Ҳûʲô,δٹ͢Ĳ,ҲҲٵ.෴,ڽѧ,ȴһֱάӵ׵ԭ,ո׸.
Ħ˹۱˵,ֹյĽ.Ԫǰ348,ŵ䱱˹,ŵ䷴ٵŭ,괺ŵ䵱Ȩ.־֮,ʿΪһ,ٹ͢ҽĶ,ǲѵ.ǡ,80İͼ.ʱͼָ˹Ϊѧ԰̳.,ʿ½ѧ԰ѧ,ͬѧŵᶫСϸ,صϣѧķԴ.
ʿڰͼѧ԰20,,쳣ڷ,ѧϰг.ʿµļ,,ͼѧ˵г,ѧʱ,ʦ˵̬ȼΪʵ,Խ׳һ.,ͼʿҲ,Ϊѧ԰Ľʦ.һ,ʿԵķӳ,һʱڵ,˵"ͼģ".ܴʱʿҲж,д,Ͼ.Ǿѧ,ѧ֮,ͼ̫صȻѧ,ʿȴŶԵо.
3ʱڹԪǰ347,ͼȥ,˹Ժ;ʿͬѧŵ뿪ŵ,ͬѧ˹ͳߺնǵ,ȥ.
ʿ´ʱ뿪ŵԭ,вͬĽ.˵Ϊ˹Ϊѧ԰̳,۹۵㲻ͬ;Ҳ˵Ϊʿ²ŵ,ûйõزͷݵȨ;˵ǵʱ,:Ԫ˵:"Ԫǰ404,ޱսٽ,ϣϺ;Ѹ˥,ϣѸǿ.շٷ,ٽ,ӵ.Ħ˹ٵĦ˹ᣨԪǰ384ǰ322꣩,ŵ۱,μ,ϣ,˵,ǴΪ.Ԫǰ338ϣľսۿ֮ս,ŵǵ.Ԫǰ323ɽ,طŵ֯˶.˵61ƪ.
ٲޱսָϣ˹ʹΪ׵Ĳޱ뵺󲿷ֳǰɵľ¡ͬ뺣ǿŵūΪϣİȨս.սʹϣ⵽ƻ,Ȩת˹ʹ֮.˹ʹ˥,Ԫǰ370겮ޱ߽ͬ.
ŵ乫񷢱յ˵,֮,˴ڵķ.Ԫǰ348,չŵ䱱˹,ݻϣ.ŵ˷ٵŭ.Ԫǰ347,˹ŵ.,ʿȻȥ.ٹ͢еĹϵ.ĸҽ.ʿ͢һʱ,밢Ķһͬദˣ,.ʿڹԪǰ347ʱղûʲô,ҲҲٵ.,ȻΪٷӶΪ.,ʿֻʰ,뿪20ŵ."G.˵:"˵˹ѡʱ,ʿĹϵ൱,ʹʿ¾뿪ŵ,Ҳû֤,֮û֤ʾе.Ҳ뵽ʿµ뿪вɲδǣ浽ѧ԰֮ϵ;ܿȥ뵱ʱй,ΪڹԪǰ348Ӷ˰˹֮,ŵһɷ˵."ѷ.˹˵:"Ԫǰ347,ͻȻ뿪˸ó.ȥԭûпɿı.,ϣ˹ڹԪǰ348پ֮.Ħ˹ἰ䷴һƬٵŭִŵȨ.ܿϵʹʿڹԪǰ347뾳ȥ,ڹԪǰ323ʹٴȥһ."ڲ,ʿڰͼ뿪ŵǰ˹.Ӵ,ʼ12.
ʿĵһ֮ϸǵİ˹,ܺն֮ǰ.նǸѵ.ʼڲ˹,ֺ.Ϊһ,նǵҸ嵨,ǿ.ū,ѧϰĻ,̴͢.ϸǵɽоӪɿ,˾,Ϊ,ͨ˲˹,ȡһشȨ.նڰӵѧϰ,԰ͼ롪ѧΪ,߳Ϊѧҡ.ȻȨ,רһʱ,ʹӰӵλѧ:ʿ¡ŵᡢ˹˹˹.˱ڰ˹,Ǳѧ,նṩһбƷ.ƺ轲̳,ѧ.,ʿ¿ʼаͼѧ,γԼĶ.
ڰ˹,ʿնǵֶŮҲ˵ŮŮõģ櫽˻.λʿ´һʿɹ۵ļ.
һŮ,ҲȡΪ.ȥ,ʿºֺ˹кձ˿Ůӽ,һ,ȡ,游ͬ.ڵڶӵ,ʱ,ںεؽ,޴׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,136ҳ.
٣ӢG.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,45ҳ.
ڣӢѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,1617ҳ.
.ͥ,Ҳϸ.
ʱ䲻,ŵ,ʿƾ˹˹Ͻϵĳ.ʶ˴˺25깲ͬ,Ӱ,ѧ԰̳˵̩¸˹.̩¸˹شڹԪǰ370,ʿС14.ʿоΪ,ִʿ,̩¸˹֮.ǶСϸǵĹ,ȽϿɿƲ,һĺ˽Ϲ㷺Ŀ,ΪǵĶѧﾭᵽһĵ,رǵϵһΪɺش.ЩƷĶѧ,ҲǶ̶ɵĢ.
ֹ˶,Ԫǰ343,ٹΪ13ĶӡδĹɽɫʦ,뵽ʿ.дŸʿ:"һ,ҸлҴ,Ҹлʱ.ϣĹػǻ۽ʹ,޸δ."ʿӦ,̩¸˹һͬǰ.ʱ,ʿ¸չ40,ڵĻ˵,Ǹѧ,ܵ,ڵʱǺ䶯.˵͹ԭǹе,ϣ,þĽ,֮.
һЩΪ˹ϵδ,ʿ±ѡ,ںնǵƼ.ǲںնǵƼ,ʿк,ȻԺնǱл֮,ĵ,⵽ʱ,Ϊ֮߿.
ʿµ뿪˹˹ĹԪǰ341,˹õ,նǱ,Ѻ⵽˹ʿ,ܵ̿,󱻶ʮּ.ǰдŸʿ,ľ,˵:"ҵѺͬ,ûκΪѧݵ."
Ϊ˼λµ,ʿΪ̨,д.ǵ֪նǱƺ벨˹ֵ֮.
ʿٺ,Ǻɽס͢,ƵһΪ÷Ĺű.,ɽǹȥ.ʦ¿,ص˹˹.ɽԶʦ¡صĴл,ؽսбΪƽص˹.ڹ,ʿϢ,ֵ֪ɽλ.ɽڰصվȨĽ֧,λ,ɽĸֵֶܺ,ܿ.
ȶ,ʿڹԪǰ335طŵ,.
4ѧʱڢٲο˵ࡶѧҴԡ,׫ʿ¡,ɽ,1987,135ҳ.
תԺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ1960,272273ҳ.
ɽλ,Ϳʼ˶,Ѹײڶ֮,ʦƽĵױ˹.ϲǵķѸ߽,׷Ͷ.ɽҪŵ佻ٵĦ˹ἰҪ,ܽ.˵ʿ³汼,Ϊ˱ϣĻ,ɽջ˳,Ħ˹ֻܵŵĴ.ȫ˾֮,Ѱٵʿº̩¸˹ػŵ.
صŵ,ٻذӵ,ڳǶڰ˹ǰ,һ˰˶Լѧ԰,ǵİӵ׸.
طԭǰΪѵ±ֳ,·,ľȪ.ڽ˰ޢ,޵֮һΪ˶˹,⼴"֮".˵,ǰѧ߳,һƱ֮ʿƼĵط.ոʱ,ͼйⷽļ,ڡ˹ƪͷ˵:ո"Ϊ߳·,ųǽӰӵֱ˰,ڵŵȪĺſʱ,˺Ī˹Ķϣ̩ʿ".˼ŵǵıǽ,,Ӱӵ׾ֱߵ˰.˰Ϊһѧ,ҲһϵеĹͬ,ÿʮֵ,ÿȫԱһλ.Ҫƺ񰢼ӵϸ,,ڿʼ,豸Ҳȫ.ֻ·ϱ߽߱ڿγ,.Ҳԭ,ʿ˰ѧ԰ĳԱΪңѧ,Ҳгѧɵ.
ѧ԰"Ⱥ֮",ʿ,Ϊһѧоͽѧ֮,Ѽ,ǰδео.һʱʿһĸ߷,ϣڲֹֹͣĸս,ȶ,ѧϰоỷ.ʮ,ʿ¼,˼ʶ,۽,˴,ҲͼĹ̶ģʽ,˶̽ĵ·.,Ϊʦ,Ϊ˼,Ȼ,ͷ,˼,ǻƽʱ.,һλʵ̩¸˹.ʱ,ȫĵͶ빤,ÿŻķװ,»Դ,ѧǻ֮·.,ѧһ·µĳ߼ѧѧ,ͨ׵ķʽУڽ޴ѧ۱ѧ.ͬʱд˴Ľѧ.ǽµĵ,Ǵͨ׵֪ʶ,Ŀֻһ,Ǿǽ̵֪.һʱ,ʿµԻ,˼ַ,۵չ,,ѧѧѧѧ,дʱ.ѧ,㷺ռ,пѧо.˰һٰ,ϣе̫,˹Ķ.Ȩܴ,ܹഺҽҩ֡ʫ,˹ּ.ܶ.ڹϣʱ,ͽ,Ԥʾ.
оѧ֯.ѧ˵ʿµһѧ԰ǽѧ,⻰һĵ.,ѧ԰ŷͼ,ԺҲشӰ.
Իڲ,ʱղʮ,Ԫǰ323,ϡսһɽԶ;Ⱦ.ŵ乫Ϣ,ٵĻѲֹ,ٿ,ѱŰǵĵĦ˹ӻ,ٵŭٴ.ʧ,꼰.ʿԤеΣս,ѡפϣܶ˵,Ϊһ,й,޷ŵȥ,ᰲ,ҲΣ.ȷʵ,ʿµ֯,ָΪ"".Ϊİȫ,ʹŵ˵ڶζѧһǴոף,ֻýѧ԰񽻸̩¸˹,ٴŵ,뿪Լһִѧ԰,뿪ദѺѧ,űǵϵĿ˹,סĸµ.
ʵ,ŵ˲Źʿǲ.Ȼй,ɽʦ,ǹȥ.ʿһ֪,,˼ɽȥԶ,ʿµֶ򷴶ɽ,ʦϵĮ.ŵ˲Щ,ֻٵ.뿪,ȷʵڲ.ڿ˹,,˸.ζ,ʱ䲢,ͬ,פϣܶؽԮ֮,ܷ,ȶ˾.ʱ,ʿµѧо˵,ڷ嶥.,˱,˾޴,һ,ڹԪǰ322Ȼ,62.
ʿȥǰ,,밲ļ໤.,Ҫִ˸ĸסȥĵܵܰľ˹˹˵Ľ㡢.ҪŮ޸Ķŵ.
̺ļū,ó,Ҫ,ǳӪʱ.ӵǼҲ,Ӻձ˿ĵĸ鼰Ȱ.,ȥǰޱ櫵˼Լʬ櫺һ.Կʿµθ,ܵ,ʴȿ."ʿµŷ.ȫı,,￴Ϊǻһ,һТĶ,ɷ,Ȱĸ,ֳֿ,ʵ,.""˿󷽡˵Ʒ."ڢ˵:ѧҴԡ,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1987,142ҳ.ǱҪο.
ڶʦʿǴ˼Ұͼѧ,ʦµĸͽ;ʷɽ۵ʦ.ѧ̶һҪ.
1ʦͼʿµʦǰͼ,ʿ17ͼѧ԰37뿪,ǰ󳤴20,ʷʿµ"ѧʱ".һҪʱ.֪ʶʱѧ,˼ʱγɵ.ûһεѧϰ;,ͲӰǸ˼ʿ.ʿºаͼ,ĳɴʼ,ο˼ϵϲޱ.ͼʦո,ʷϵһյ.Ȥϡϼ۵,ոסͼʿ಻ͬ,λΰϣ˼ҴһΪ֮̾ǻ.
ʿŵѧʱ,ŵѧ,һע޴ѧѧոѧ,һעشѧѧİͼѧ.ʿĽͼ˸ѧ˵,Ͷ˰ͼѧ԰,ڰͼѧ԰ܵʱϣߵĽ,ѧ֪ʶ.ѧ԰,ͼѧһѧУҪѧϰ޴ѧȿγ,ؽ,ʵ֮⻹һѧ˼,ԼȼƵ.Щγ,ʿ¶ѧϰ.ڿ,ԼⰮ,ǰϣѧҵ.ѧ԰ⷽ鼮Ƚ϶,ʿ¶Щ鼮Ķ,൱ϸıʼ.Լд,оٺͷǰѧҵ˼.һЩѧҵʧ,˼ͨʿµ.
̿,ѧϰ,ʹʿ½,Ϊѧ԰гɼõ,ʦ.ʿµ˼,ͼ˳,ڵ,Ǵʦ˵,ڰͼĽ½,ͼ˳о.ܵӰ̶ι,˼˲ĥӡ.һԵķӳ,"ͼģ"֮˵.Ȼ,һʼ,ʿ¾ж,ֻǴܵķ濴,ľ,˼,Ǻܶ.ܾ֮,𲽰ʦӰ,Լ·ǰչ,ĳЩ汳ʦ,ʦ,ⲻӰʦĳ羴Ȱ.
ʿڰͼѧ԰20,ʦ.ͼʿº,ʿľͰԼʦ.ʿʫ,һ׾Ǳʦ,ɼ仳羴֮:
ƥǢʥ,һ򯾴ׯϵļ̳,׸һ覵,׸ǳߵ.
֮ΩһҲ,Լ,ԼƷ,Եָ:ΩҸ.
˰,Ѱ޴!
ԴʫĽ,ͼǵһͨԼ֤һ˿ͬʱ,Ҹ.ͼĳߺΰ,ʹ.,Ҳ޴Ѱˢ.¹ѧE.ն˵:"һ,˶Դͼʼǳ羴ȳϵ̬,ν̳б,аѰͼΪ'ûȨȥ,Լһͽ̵ͬʱҸ'һ."ڵ,ʦ,äʦ;ʦ,ζȫͬʦĹ۵.ʦѧ,ѧȱ㲻һ.
ʿ°ʦ,,"ԼĹ۵ͼͬ,ʦĹ۵㲻ȷʱ,ȻΪ߻,Ϊʦ,˰ͼ."ЩѧΪ,ѧ۵ķ,ʹͼʿ˿.ʿµĲŻѧ˵,ӵ׵ļ̳ǵ֮,ͼԭҲֿ.,Ϊ˰Լ˼ȥ,ͼǲʿ¼ѧ԰˵.ͼ˼һµ˹˺ʵѡ.ֿ,ڡϣѧҵĹ¡Խµʽ:"ʽȷ̳֮ǰ,ͼʿ½˴ο,ǲǽԼѧ˼洫.,ͼ,ʿ²ͷʮ,ڶ˼.,ͼڿʿ¶''յʱ,ʿ·󵨵."
"ʿһϵ,ͼ޷ش.ͼֻѧԭⲻؽܺʹԼ,ʿ¶Լκ.ʿ,ŵĹų.
ת˵:ѧҴԡ,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1987,141142ҳ.
١ѧʷ۴ԡ,,1980,434ҳ.
E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,167ҳ.
׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,137ҳ.
ͼ.
"ʱ,ʿµͬѧѶΪ.Ϊ,ʿȡʦĻ,Ϳʦļ̳,֮õ.Ȱʿ,οȥʲô,ʦôô,ԼԵõô.ʦĹ۵,ŪûһʦĻ.ʿȴᶨػش˵:"ʦ,ʦΪı,Ϊ׷.Ұʦ,Ҹ.'"Ǹ˹ѧ,ȴʿ²ͬ,ֻ֪ԭⲻظͼ˼,Լ˿ȥɺ.,ͼԭȽϲʿתϲ˹,ΪֻܽԼһѧ˼ȥ.ͼ81ʱ,ʽ˹ΪԼļ̳,ҪԼƹѧ԰."ٹ»,ʹڼ򵥻.ͼȷѧ԰̳˿ܻ.ʿ¹۵ķ,ͼһ֪,ܵ""ʱŷ.˭ѧ԰,˶Ϊʿº˹һ,ʿδȫ̽ʦĹ۵,;˹ǰѧѧͬά,ʦ˼һ,ȻسΪѧ԰̳.ڸֿͬ,˵:"ڰͼʿµĹϵ,رǹڰͼѡʿ¶ѡһ˹Ϊѧ԰ļ̳,ŷһ޻ĻìܵĴ˵."G.¸б:"ͼڹԪǰ347,˭̳ѧ԰еλ?ʱλѡ,ʿ¡ŵἰͼ˹.ǲ֪ʱʲôӰ,Ҳ֪ͼǰǷоѧ԰˵Ĺͬ,ʵ˹ѡ,ʿ¼ŵ뿪ŵ.һЩѧΪ,ʿ֮δѡΪѧ˵ͳ.˵޷,Ϊ˹Ҳͬͼԭ.
Ƿʦ̷Ϊ׼,ŵӦѡΪ,ΪǰͼλҪѧʵ.һЩѧΪ,˹ΪߵһҪԭ뽫ͼĲƲԼ˵,ŵ乫֮Ʋʿλǹڷ.
ȴڿŵᣨŵ乫񣩼˹εѧ԰ʱʧ."ٿ,ʿΪʲôδѧ԰̳,һϲźҳʵĽ.
,ٻصʦĹ۵.ѧϵϿ,ʿ¶԰ͼжô,ѧʵһµ,ٵһµ.ڸ˵:"ʵϰͼȴǵõʿΪļ̳,Ϊʿ԰ͼѧ,ʿµѧǸ̡Ƶ,֮Ҳͬʱƽһ:ϣѧҵĹ¡,й,1984,129131ҳ.
ںڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,271ҳ.
G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,4ҳ.
."ѷ.˹潲ǵһ:һ,ͼ̵˼ѧͳһ,ʿҲһϵͳ˼,ȫȫؽܰͼĿѧͳһ۵Ļ,ֻͬͼͳһȡúչʾķ.йѧҶȽΪϵͳ˼"ᴩʿȻѧһ".۵ڶ,ͼһ߼ѧ,ʿ°߼˿ѧҿʽ߼һѧ,ͼı֤ѵΪʿµ춨оĻ.,ͼı,ı۰֮,ʿ·,ѧչһֱ.,ͼΪѧ֪ʶǶԭѰĽ,ѧ֪ʶĹ͵Ĺ.ʿ³аͼĶǰ,Ҳ֪ʶϵ,ĿѧоָĿǽͶǹ۲ͼ¼.,֪ʶ,˿һ.ͼĶԻ½ڶо֪ʶ,ⷽ,ʿ²ʦĺ,ⷽĶڰͼѧ԰ѧ."ľоͰͼ֮жô϶,ԭͰͼ޶."Ƿ׼ȷ,ǲ,˼ڿھϵͬʱ,ҲҪ챳һ.ʿ԰ͼĻ˼ѧ,аͼĻϰѰͼѧᵽһ¸߶.ʿ˼ϳ˰ͼ,۵,ȴϵĸ.
2۵ʦ̸,ʿɽʦ.
ɽۣԪǰ356ǰ323,֮,Ԫǰ336ǰ323λ.λ,ʼѹϣǰķ˶,Զ.ŷǡ޵Ĵ۹.ɽ۹ȱͳһľû,ֻһ̵ľº,Ԫǰ323ɽ,Ѹ߽.ڵ۹ʵ,̲"ϣ"
.ɽ,شܴƻ,Ӣµֿ;ֶԶúĻĽ,һ.
ɽʿ.ʿµĸɽ游ҽ,ʿСʱ,ֹӰ.ʿ´Ӱ˹ƾӵ󲻾,յʱٹ,ȥɽĽʦ.,ʿ»صĹ͢.
ڹ͢,ʿºֱܹ櫵Ķ.
ܺ,͢ѧ˼ĵط,ʿµ빬͢ո.ʱ,,ҪƢںڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,272ҳ.
ҶȽ:ϵͳѧ̽Դ,ɽѧѧư棩,19954.
٣Ӣѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,4346ҳ.
ȫϣ,սʤв˹,һδ۹.ɽ13,һͷδѱСʨ,ôϲ,רԵ,.
һڷڵĴ,ҰҰĺ.,ʿֻ,ǻԷӵ,ѧʲ֮.,ʿ¶ɽĽǾĵ,ԼȫδĹ.ʦϤĽ̵,λѧܵõϣĻ.˵,ʿ¸ıһֺʷʫ,ɽӢѧϰ.ִʿƪĿ,۾͡ɽֳ,һ㱻ΪδľдĽ̲.ڸΪ,ɽľҵΰʿ̵ζѧ,"ɽĽ,ز˹˼ѧʵõ˵.ɽ,ʿ²ýһǳĽӵķ,һ,ֻҪʿµĳϿ,ͿԺȻʶ:ʿ֪ʲô,ʲôĻ."ɽûйʦ,ΪŴʷĵ,ʿµĽ.
ɽʦѧϰ,16,游սȥ.½ϣǰ,ʵ˳ưȫϣҰ.־,׼"ս"ʱ,.Ԫǰ336,ɽ̳λ.λ,۲Ŵ,Ҿ׿Խľ².ʱ,ϣŵ˹ʹս֮,֮Ħͳͻδ,֮,յķٱһƬ.СϸǱ,Ͳ˹۹սҲ಻.Ĳɽ׼ʱ,ʱ,һƽϣ뵺ս,ϣ.ȶ,ʿɹ˹طŵ,˰ѧ԰,ѧ۵,.
ʦ˰·ѧӹ֮"С"
˼ʱ,ɽᵶԾ,۳ŷǡǵĹ½.Ԫǰ334,ɽϣͳ˧.
ʼʷĶ.10Զ,ĴϽһǰδеӴ۹.ɽϲʿС,ʦ𾴵,ս,Ҳûʦ,ڽĴ۹,һֱʦĽѧо.ΪʦṩĿɹ۵о,˳ǧԱΪʦ,ЩԱдԵġġġι,ֲϣ޵ĸ,ֹȥûĶֲ,ȡʵȡʵ,ȡʵľͻͼ,ϸ˵,ר͵ʿ.,,Ҳռ͵˰ѧ԰."ɽʱİ:ϸǷʲôйµĶֲĲ,ԭĻͼϸ͸ʿ.ɽֹػʹʿһܺõ,ռȻоı.
˵:"ɽһǧԴԡ㡢Ϊ,ٺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,273ҳ.
˹۹ڶ԰԰ļල,ʿÿطֵעĶ.'"ɽİ,ʿ½һģɹ۵ʵ,˹㷺Ĳѧо.˵ɽΪʿѼǰķ,Ϊʿµѧоṩֱӵİ.
ʦж.ʿµݼ˹ңʿƼɽزı,ɽ,Ӵ˶˹ϵ.Ӣѧ˵:"˺鴫˵,ɽʹʿ´ݸ,ͼ,˻,ô,ɽæԶӡ,ʵΪ."ʦϵı仯,δӰ쵱ʱǵĿ,ɽ,ϣ,ʿɽϵжܵ.һ̸,ٸ.
ٺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,277ҳ.
٣Ӣ:ʿ¡,л,1929,12ҳ.
֪˵ıԺڸڡѧʷ¼˵:"νർʦĻ,ӦΪʿһ."һۺܸ,Ҳǡ.Ҳ˳ʿΪ"ѧ֮",京ָ춨߼ѧѧ,ǹϣѧ,ѧƵ֮һ.
ѧչʷ,һܷĳһ,ĳһ,ǲɶõ˲;ܵ춨ĳѧƵĻ,νѧ;ĳһʱڡʱĳļ,ʷϼټ.ʿ¶߼ѧѧ,ϣѧ֮,ʷλͬʱ˼.
˵ʿǹϣѧļ,˵һĿѧϵ,ʾ˼㲻,Ϊϣѧǻۡ˼ľ,Ҳ׷֪ʶ̽ľ,ʵ,廯,ﵽ߷.ʿµѧؾ,,Ǻ˼ά.Ϊ,֪˵ı.һ˼,ʹΪĴ˼.
1֪˵ıԲ;,רѧʵѧ,ѧɾ;ʷ,׷Ľ.ʿµ:"֪˵ı."ⷴӳ̬,Ҳӳ.ʿһһɶֹ֪֧.ĺ͸ֻΪעǷ֪ʶ.ͬʱΪֻ֪˵,ϵΪ֪ʶ,Ѱеı.
,ǵĻ,"ǻ;˶ѧие,ϣʱоһ".˵,ʿ¿,ѧѧ԰оĳѧ,Ƕ֪ʶ׷.˹̹˵:"ѧΪձ㷺ʽж֪ʶ׷,ô,ѧͿԱΪȫѧ֮ĸ."
ʿѧ.,Բõδ,ֻͨ־òиѧо,𽥻֪ʶܴﵽ.˵,֪,ʵߵĿ,ǻ,˼Ҹ.
ʿ˵,Ƕϲøо,Ϊʹʶﲢʾ.ȸоһʶǼ.оһжﶼе,ֻǲֶ,ЩΪ,ѧϰ.ɼþ,.ھ,"֮Ըǻ۲ɢٺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,380ҳ.
ʿȰƪ,תѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,3ҳ.
١˹̹ļ1,ӡ,1977,519ҳ.
ʵ,ڶõ,֪ԭ".ζѧһһߵʶ׶,ǻ,ûֳ˵ı.ǻǹԭ֪ʶ,ǹڵһġձԭ֪ʶ.Ϊʵ,Ϊ֪ʶ֪ʶ,.֮Ϊ,,κƺ.˼뷢չڸͳ"".ν,,.
ʲô֪ʶǻ?ʿָ:ͨһ;֪ѵĶ;ȷؽԭ;Ϊȡ,Ϊȡ;ѧռλ.֪ʶʵϾѧ.׷֪ʶ±,Ͼ֮ܽ:ڶĳЩȥ̽,ʼǶ߲Ķе,̶Ƕش,ӯ,̫ǳı仯Լɵȱʾ.һе,Լ֪ʶ,ΪҪѧ˼.Ȼ,Ϊ֪ʶȥ׷֪ʶ,ΪЧ.
Ϊ֪֪,Ĺϣ.йͳ֪ʶѧΪֶ,ѧΪٵשǴͬģй֪ʶһѧ,;Ҳ,Ǵͳ,壩.Ϊ֪֪,Եõ,˾ʹ˵ѧζ,Ǵѧ,ѧΪƶĴ,ѧѧʾζƶ.ʿ·ֹ۵,ڡѧһнһ,˵ѧͬԸ.˵,ѧɴʼˡϣѧ̩˹ͨ,һ껹ڶʱԤ⵽Ҫ,ԼǮ˹ȫե.ڵʱû˺,ܵ.˵ڶջ񼾽,Ĵ,ȻҪܶեե.̩˹ͰԼĸ߼תե,Ӷ÷.֤ѧҪǼ׵,븻Ļ,ȻⲻǵȤڢ.һѧҾذѧǮֳɻɵ.֪ʶʿʼ.ո"Ծ֪ʶ","֪""""֪"""ͬ,Ϊ˵ͷȴ¾"ʶԼ",ͻﵽ"֪֪"ľ,Ӷ,,ר֪.ͼƳѧ,˵ѧЩϲ,֪ͬʶһжҪ.ʿ˼Ļ"֪˵ı"һں.Ϊ֪ʶ,֪Եı,˸ߵ͵,̵Ӱ˵֪̬.,ǹϣѧҶĻľ޴.
ʿ°֪Ϊı,˵һȷ,޺,ֻҪȷ,ӻȥʵ,ǻٽõ.
2ѧʱڢٲοӢ:ѧʷϾ,ӡ,1963,52ҳ.
ʿµ֪,ֻѧϰ,Ҫǽѧо.Ϊһ˳ܰԼ֪ʶڸ,Ͳ֪ĳ.ѽ֪ʶķǳʵչַʽ.ʿ°ѽѧоһ,ĽҲ"о",ǽʱоȤ֮ϵ̸.콲,Ͻ,Լ˼ޱؽ,д,γ˶ƪ.˵400,Ҳ˵ǧ,ܼ47.۵˶,˾̾Ĳ,漰ķΧĶ.ʿµű൱㲩,й߼ԡѧΡɷ,йʷ˼ʷ,й,йȻʷֲ﷽,йڻѧġѧ,йѧ,ȵ.һ˵ͷô෽֪ʶ,ʵһܱ.ѹְͼ˵ѧ԰ʿµͷԺ˵.
㲩֪ʶ˶ĳɹγɿ,ɷΪʱ.
1.ͼѧ԰ʱڣԪǰ367ǰ347
һʱڵݺʽ϶ܰͼӰ,ԼĶ.ʱڵĺ,ѵ˳.ʱ,¹ѧ߲նΪֻƪ:Իƪŷ¡꡷
͡Ȱƪ;̨ѧ߸߰԰Ϊƪ:ŵĦ˹ƪŷ¡ѧ֮ȰȰƪ͡ѧ.
ŷ¡ƪȡһλŷµ.ڹԪǰ354վڵһս֮ǰ,ƪԻ󲻾д.ƪԻͼġ쳶ƪһ,ʿԼζѧ滹ȫܰͼӰ֧.
ȰƪǶԻ,һ·˹ɵĹȰ,ڶ·˹ʩӰ.ƪһѧҸ۵ﵽ.ڰͼĶԪ,ĳ.
2.ʱڣԪǰ347ǰ335꣩
һʱ,ʿڰ˹½ѧΪ,ʼӰͼѧ˵ѳ,ʼ԰ͼĹ۵һ̬,޸ʦ.һʱڵ,նΪ:ѧζѧŴĪѧѧ졷𡷵;߰԰Ϊ:ѧŴĪѧζѧѧۡۡ.ƪĿһ,ֻǷ.
ѧһƪԻ,:һʷԵ,һԵ,һǴ۵.1ԴӹŴ,¶˹ѧ,ǶġĺͲ˹ڽ̿ʼѧչ,һʷĿ,ѧϵֵ,Ѳͼ˹߯ڰͼ֮ǰǧ,һµʷʱƺǴӰͼʼ,һ٣£E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,170ҳ.
ڸ߰԰:ŵԵĵáʿ¡ۡ,̨壩ʱĻ湫˾,56ҳ.
ǧڵе.2Ƕ۵һ.ڵ3,ʿչԼϵڽѧ.ⲿֿһ̶ϻŰͼǽѧ,ҲʿζѧĻһƶߵĸ.һ.
ζѧĳһʱ,ζѧֽǸζѧĵ12һ.ⲿ,۵вͬں԰ͼϵ.ʱԵһ˳ƸĿ˵,ӶԼڰͼ֮;ں,ֿû.
ŴĪѧʿڰ˹ݽ.˵ʿµѧ޵˹ŴĪ֮,Ϸ,ַ˵.Ϊʲô֮Ϊ"ŴĪ",ҲʵĽ.
ѧĵ2378ѧ,һξסŵʱͿʼ˵Ĺ.ⲿ,""Ϊ۵ĺ.ʿµ""Ͷ԰ͼǰа.
ʿµѧ۵ĻҲһʱ.ڰͼ󲻾дġζѧ1һᵽѧƪй½.
,ʽǱʵĻ˼Լ˶۵ġѧƪǰд.졷൱󲿷ֿԶԻƪѧ.׶,ΪԪ̫Ѿι̵ȷ,ϵԼԺͿռ,۵԰ͼȻҲ.롶졷еϵ.
3.˰ѧ԰ʱڣԪǰ335ǰ322
ʿ˼ʱ,ڴ˽׶ѧϵҪ.һ13,˵֯˶Ȼʷϸо,һоڵǵİ½е.һо˵ʱȫ֪ʶ,ں̶ܴϵһʹȫ֪ʶΪ.
ͬʱ,Լѧ԰ڽ,ЩιڱĻ.,Щ.,ЩΪƸѧ԰,ѧ֮.
һʱڵ,ն͸߰԰˵һ,Ϊ:߼ζѧȻѧѧѧѧʷѧ.
¶Щ˼ר,ﲻٽ.
ѧ˵1շתʿѧʶԨ,Ķ.ݹԪ3ʹҵŷ.ڡѧҴбĿ¼,164400ಿ.ңѧܵĹ,1000֮.ֻ47.
47Ǿ˿֤У,Զﴫ©Ҳ˵û.Ŀǰʿյı׼ǵ¹Ŭ.˶İ汾.19,³ʿоԺ㷺ʿĸıڹͱ,ɱ˶,дרҽУ֤,1831굽187040ɱ빤.˶ġʿȫΪΪʿо춨˻.汾ͼ㡢ϵָ,ʿΪȫİ汾.ڱ˶֮,ĹŵѧǶʿ˽һļӹڹ͹,˸ıİ汾,硶вδ顷18681961,ţŵ䱾ġ18941968,ϣյġ´顷19261968,ϣӢյġ岼顷19261966,Щ汾ݵĶǱ˶ġʿȫ.˶ʿı,ʿ¹ڿѧеĢ.
ѧ,ʿΪ,󲿷.,һΪһдĶԻʽͨ׶,һΪѧ԰ΪѧдıȽµĽͱʼ.󲿷:1.߼ѧ,2.ѧ,3.Ȼѧ,4.ѧ,5.ѧѧ.
Щͬһ,˿.,ܱ,ȷʵ.λѧѧȻд˴,ǰûԼ͹.ڰͼѧ԰ʱдһЩͰͼƵĶԻ,ڶʧ,ֻһЩƪ.ֱЩ,Ҳ.
ʿĿ,ڹԪ11;Դµʽĵʷѧ˹ġѧͰӵѧҡ³˵ġۼ.Ԫǰ322ʿ,ԭɵ̩¸˹ر,̩¸˹ǰ,иͬ˹,˹عСϸǹչ,˴.ľΪԼͼ鼮,˹ĺ˶Щ鲻Ȥ,Ϊ˷ֹЩ屻ճ乫,ͽ˹ĵؽ,һؾ130.ֱԪǰ1,̩¸˹صĺἸѰ,ҵָ.ʱ,ദ.̨˹ѧҰ￵Щָ,´ŵ.Ԫǰ86,ͳ˧ʾռŵ,ֳ۹սƷ.ٵתֵķѧ,׼ٲο:ʿȫ,йѧ,1990,56ҳ.
༭.ǰ󾭹շתٲءǨɢҡù,Ŀȫ,ܳĻ,ȱרҵ֪ʶ,,ݴд˳޷.ֱԪǰ60ǰ50,˰ѧ԰11ְһʦԭ,ԭѧ԰ġȷĽУ,˷ű,¼Ա༭.ʱ,޷Щд,ֻõʱеķɷ,ǰݽб.
˲δ,ʿ˻в.ඨʿҲʧɢ,һĿ¼Ҳδ.
ʧɢ,۹˥й.Ԫļ,۹սƵḯ,ϣѧǻۻѱϨ.ѧǷ׷״ǵĵ伮ƾӽϰĶ,Լҵ.Ԫ4,۹Ϊ,ϣѧǿ.Ԫ529궫۹ʵ۲ʿзǻ̵ѧУ.ϣѧʧȥ˴֮,ʿµΪ֪.ڹԪ6ͳ,һλѧߺμҲްѡƪƪȼƪ֮,ֱ12ͳ600,ûм绹Ӵʿ.Ԫ12֮,ŶĻĽ,ʿͨѧҰάɭͰ¼ʿ.Լ.Ĵ˼Ͷ.άɰ.ԭļת,Ķ.Ԫ13,ʮ־,ʿϣԭصŷ.˹ķĪ˽ϣ,ʿȫı,ҲһǴӰת.Ԫ14ĩ,Ұ˹.Ŭ޳ʿȫϣı.
ʿйİ,йȽ˳.Ļʿ,Ϳʼʿµ,Ҳǡƪ͡ƪ.80,ʿµʮֱΪ,ҡƪȻ˲ͬ뱾.Ϊõоʿµ˼,ҹѧǽ˼طо.ʿȫķ빤Ϊѧѧ""
ص,,йѧ.ⲿȫձ˶ҳ˳Ϊ9,Ѻֵġŵ塷ƪΪ10.ȫƪĿ:1ƪƪǰƪƪƪƪ2ѧ졷ɺ𡷡ѧ桷**3ٹʿ,οࡶʿȫ,йѧ,1990,912ҳ;ࡶѧҽܡ,,1986,7475ҳ;Ҷɽȱࡶѧ2,ɽ,1984,34ҳ.
꡷۸о󡷡ۼ䡷˯ߡΡ˯еסĳ̡꡷ۺϢ**4־5١˶Ľ̡ɡ6ɫ****ѧ**ֲ**졷**еѧ**⼯*۲ɷָߡ**۷ķλơ**7󡢿ŵҺ͸߶ǡ**ζѧ8ѧѧ*ŴĪѧ**9ѧѧ*޴ɽ޴ѧ**ʫ10ŵ塷ƪѡЩǷʿ,ѧ,İġʿȫЩƪĿá,ϴá.
2ѧ˵ϵ,ڽ,һ˼ľ.˵,Ӧô۵ľ.˰ѧ԰ڹϣʱԵѧ,дѧѧ.ʿѧǺ,ѵʱļ֪ʶ,ḻĲϻ㼯ϵͳ,ѧרŵ֪ʶ򶼽о,ݷḻ.˰ѧ԰δʿµɢ,ҲûŵֵĶͣ,ִ800.ն˵˰ѧ԰"һӴĿѧ֯,һͼ,ڶĽԱԼһĽϵ",ѧ԰ͼݱ´ָ,һֻĿ¼,ƺ˳µ,ѧǵıʼҲӦһЩ.ҲǺ˵Ը.Ҳ,Ҳ,ʿָǾ۵ľһ,ҳ˲ٴ.һ,ҲΪ:ʱӡˢ,ӡ鼮ô,־,ǻѧУ,ʧ岢.ҹҲ˼ҵʧ?
,ѧ˵˼ʷҲǴ.
ʿ,δܼʱʽ汾.ˢ٣£E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,169ҳ.
ѧ԰ڶ,ѧǻҲĹ۵,ҪǶĳЩѧƽо,ϵͳо.ֲ,ȻʱѧռҪλǰͼѧɡϴ˹ѧԼԭΨ³ȵѧ˵,ʿµѧûܵӦе.
͵ŷڽ̾Ժѧռͳελ,ǱΪΥڽ̽ѧҪܵų.ڵľԺѧ԰ͼΨΪۻ.ԺѧԷ,ѧ"ѧŮ",Ŀ֤̽,ά̻ͷ⽨ͳ.Ժǿڽ,ӿѧо,ǿ˵ıԵϣѧ.Ԫ4,̱۹Ϊ,ϣѧ̲.Ԫ529,ʵ۲ʿȫǻѧУ,ʿѧΪΥ,ֹо.Ӵ,ϣѧĺЯѧӵ,ʿѧ˵оҲ򶫷ת.
ʿɲ˹,ڰﵽһ̶ȵоȳ.˵ӰͰеıȽϷĿѧˮƽ,˱Ƚעоʿѧ,ζѧȻѧ.оʿѧ,ɴγ˾аɫʵʿ.ҪоǰάɭɺͰ.ʱ,ǽ֪ͼ,ʿ,֪֮,û.Ԫ12,ŶĻĽ,ʿµġζѧѧ꡷ѧƪԼ˶Щע,,ŷ¼ʿµ.,ŷǰ,ͻȻһ֪ʶԨ˼䡢ϵӴʿѧ.
ʿѧΪ˼,˶ĵһƶ,߼۵Ľ,겻˵,ͱȻ̻ΪĻѧͻ.״ʹ̻ʿѧΪˮ.1209ڽ̻,̻:κ˲ת¼Ķĳʽʿµ,Υ߸̼.""δɱʿ,Ҳδֹסѧ˵Ĵ.̻᲻ò濼˼ζԴʿѧ,̻ڲҲûһµʶ.˹ʽϽһЩʿѧ,ԭȴܾʿѧ;ȫʿѧʵǰ˰ʿ壩,뵱ʱͳԺѧͬˮ,޷̻.Ȼ,ֹ۵㶼вͨ.ѰҼȲʿѧ˼,Ҫά̽ĵλ,ѰʿѧΪѧ;.˹.ǢٵʦȽⷽĢ˹.ǣԪ12261274,ͥ,ѧҺ;Ժѧ.ѧѧϵΪ˹.һ,δ̻ȷ֧.̻еĵλ,Ϊ"ʥͽ""ʹʿ""ʥʦ".1879̻ʮʽѧΪٷ
,ðͼһЩ˼,ʿѧ˸,ͼ֮ì,̽ĺгһ.δɹ,δҵѧ.
˵ŷ޻ʶʿѧ.һ,ʿѧ,ʿѧһЩ,ѧһ,֤ϵ۵Ĵ.֤ϵ۵Ĵ,ǻѧҪ֮һ.ڰ֮ǰ,¹˹˵˼;֤ϵ۵Ĵ.¹˹֮,ɪӸϵ۵ĸ,ϵԱȻȴǵ,ִʵ,Ӷ۳ϵ۵Ĵ.˵֤ܵǵķ,رǰɪӵ֤Բ˵,ΪӸƳʵ,߼˵ͨ.˹.ķ֤ϵ۵Ĵ.ѧ,Ԯ͸ʿѧһЩܹΪ̿õ,˶仯ԭ뱾ʡʵżԡǱʵȻʽϵȷ,ȷһﶼԼԭ,Ȼ"׷ݲ"ԭ,óһԭ,϶ԭǻ˵ϵ.ʿµ"һƶ""һԭ"ȸͻϵֱ֮ӻϵȺ,Դ֤ϵ۵Ĵ.
˹.ʿѧڽ̽,֤ϵ۵Ĵ,Ҳʹԭ̻ųΪа˵ʿѧ˽̻Ĺٷѧ.,ֹ̻涨:1366,̻ʵʹڡ̵ɮ,뾫ڽͼʿµġ߼ѧѧ͡ζѧ,Ͳܵõŵѧλ.Ľ̷涨:ѧУʥ,һ֪ʶʿµ鼮Ϊ׼.ΪڡʥľȨ.
ŷո,ɺе,ᳫ˼,ҪһҪѱԺѧ͵ʿµȨ,ʱÿһ֪ʶǴӹʿµѧ˵ʼ,ʿµѧ˵ʸ֮.ѧ㾭ԺѧʱҲʿѧ.ʿµ˼벻ȫȷ,,ǻ̻̽ϵҪ,Ǳ˵˼˽̻ľ֧.ѧķչ,֤ʿ,ѧûȫ̷ʿµĹ.ڸ֮ڡѧʷ¼رϸʿµѧѧ˵,һȻѧ˵,һΪǱ,ҪָĿҪµ㹦.ڽʿѧ˵ѧ°֮,ǲòʿѧͿѧչʷľ޴,ȻѧҺѧ,ѧѧ߼ѧѧѧ,ѧƵĴʼ˺͵֮һ.ŷѧ,ºͺڸ,ҲǴʿȡ˼Ӫ.
ѧ.Ҫ:̴ȫѧȫ.
ٹʿѧ˵,ο׽ࡶʮ˼ҡСʿ¡˹.ǡ
ĳ˵,һŷ˼ʷǶʿ˼ڹʷ.˹.ǵ"",ʿµȨԴﵽ.ѧѧҲǴӿ϶ʿ¿ʼ.ʿ¸˼Ϊ̵ӡ,ڲ֪ĸȥ˼,Ҳģʽȥ.۲ͬʱǶʿжôͬ,һʵݻ:Ļһ,Ϊ̽˵·,˼ľ޴Ƹ.˼˵"Ŵΰ˼",˹˵"ѧ",ڸΪ"ʷױȵ",пϵ,ʷıĿ.
ƪ,,1990;Ҷɽȱࡶѧ2,ɽ,1984,810ҳ;лࡶһٸѧҡ,,1986,7172ҳ;ࡶѧҽܡ,1986,8384ҳ.
Ҫʿ֪ʶ㲩,о㷺,Ϊ´.¶ҪоĴһ򵥽ܢ.
1ۡ˰ѧ԰11˰潫ʿµġƪƪǰƪƪƪƪƪ߼ѧһ,Ϊۡ.
ƪ15,רѧ,оͬʡԼԱʵıʽʽ.
ƪһζԷ˷,еʵ塢ʡϵ˶ȷ.ʵһΪϸ.
ȷָһʵǿ͹۶ڵĸ,һжͷ붼;Ϊһʵ"""",ǵڶʵ.ʿ¶"ʵ"һֽ."ϵ""",һ̶ϱ໥ϵ໥ĵ.ں""""һЩĺ.
ƪ14,Ҫ߼жϻ.ⲿʮǿȷ""""""""ĶҪ.⿴жʽ߼.˿϶ͷ,رоì෴.෴ⲻͬʱȷĻ߶Ǵ,ì,ʱ߶ȷĻ߶Ǵ.ַ˸ì,:,;żȻ,Ȼµ.ʿ½ȻԺżȻԵĹϵ.ûżȻ,ͳһ鶼ע;ûбȻ,һҲͳ㷢.̸ԺͲìʱ,漰ԺʵԵĹϵ,Ϊ""һ,ָѾʵֻ˵Ķ;һָܹʵֻĶ.
ǰƪ73,Ҫ߼.Ͼ۵Ľṹ,Ϊ۱߱ǰ,ǰĴʺСʱͨдʼ,ǰĳֽϵĽ.ָʽĸдʵλþ,д϶ǰ,һΪ,һΪ,һ϶ǰı,һǰ,ǵһ;дǿ϶ǰı,ͬʱǷǰı,ǵڶ;д϶ǰ,һ϶ǰ,һǰ,ǵ.ָ,۵,ǰҪ֮һ,ǿǰʵ.,,һĹ,ܵóȷĽ.
Ҫٿʿ·ۡ,1982棩ԡʿ¹ڱѧ˵..֪,1982棩ժ¼д.
ƪ53,Ҫ߼еĿѧ֤.ʿΪѧ֪ʶһֽ֤õ֪ʶ,֤ǿѧ֤ѧ.ڿѧ֤ҪԼ߼еĵλ,ʿָ,ѧ֪ʶɸֱӵõ,ͨѧ֤.
"ǲܽڸо֪ʶ,ΪйٵõĶضǸ,֪ʶҪ֪ĶȴһĶ".ͬʱΪѧ֤ǰʵ,һԵ,ûһҲȻΪʽ,ۼȲܲѧ֪ʶҲܳΪ֤.¾о˿ѧ֤еϵ,ΪѧоĿľѰȻԭ.ϵ,ԭʽ,Լһһ,һ.
ƪ883,Ҫ۱֤ķʽͷ.ƪǡۡзصһ.鿪ͷָ:"Ϊʹʶһܽܵ,Ա,ʱì."ᵽڱ۵ĺô:ͨʹǵõ,ܹ,Ƿ,ڱо۵õ.ΪڱѡǰҪ,ʹԷڳǰ֮,ЩǰƳĽ.Ҳע⵽ǰѵó.ָ,۳ڶ,ҪȷĶǲ׵,Ϊϡȫ,һ,ͻᱻƷ.оڱʱַʽ,Ҫһ,ץסĹؼ,ָԷ.
ƪ34,Ҫ߼ͷķʽ.ۺͽ,ֱ:ͲĸԴ,Ըĸַ.
ʿԵʱеɵĹд,˵ĿΪŪڱзԴʺĿ,ָ۵Ĵ.
ƪһͷᵽ͹,ָʵ֮һ,Щ,ʵ;ҽе֤ͽƱ,Ǻǻ,ʵһǻ۵ļ.һƾǻǮļ.Ҿֹͨ,"Ϊ˵õ,ȻýǮ".
߼۵,ʿط:һԷ,塢˫ءֵĺϡ롢Ŵ﷨ʽ;һ಻Է,żȻ,ıʺżȻԻ,һȫ,Ϻ,Ϊ໥λ,֤ͷ۾δŪ,,Ѽ⵱һ.Ըһİ취,֤ؼڵ۵Ķ,,֤Ĺؼ,취Ƿ.
Ըڶİ취,ʿûо,ֻԭἰ:ҪƱĵطз,ʱԷ۾,ʱԷķʽ;ҲԲЩ,۵б,ʱİ취,ڴӦ.
2ζѧζѧȫ14142,ʿҪѧ.
ʿԼûдһζѧ,Ǻ˼ӵ.ⲿֽ:һ˵ǹԪǰ60ǰ50갲ڱʿļʱ,дĹȻ,ǿԸо˶仯ǲһ,Ϊѧ.һ۱ȽϳĶһ,ڡѧĺ,֮,ͽѧ֮.ʿ½Լ˼Ϊ"һѧ",ʾǸоĸſѧ.Ľѧ֮"ζѧ".ζѧָڴڵѧʡĶ,ͨĹֹƬ濴ζѧ˼άһ.һ˵Ϊʿڸг"ѧ"Ϊ"ڶѧ",.ɽŵͰʿ"һѧ"Ϊ"ѧ",ζѧ.
һ㶼ȡǰһֽͷ.
ζѧⲿǺ˱ɵ,ʿԭд.ʽݿ,вظì,ǰ,Ҳв֮,һЩȻǲͬʱڵ,еĻѧıʼ.Ŵһּ,˵ζѧֻ10,ڼ14,251112Ʒ.,ѧҲвͬĿ.
ⲿ,ʿܽǰǵѧ˼,ػعЩѧǹ籾ԭϵĿ.ӹϣһѧѧɡѧɵĴʼ̩˹ˮ֮Դʼ,Լϴ˹""ѧ˵,յ"ĸ"˵,ӿصԭ,ֱͼ,֤ʷϲ˷.ܽЩѧҵ˼ʱָ,Ȼǵѧ۵е治,ǶƬ,ûҵںͱ仯ԭ,򡢶ʽĿ.ʿ˵.
ѧо⡢Լѧԭ.
ڵ3,ʿʮѧӦ۵:1.ڸԭо,ǲͬһѧƵ?2.оѧǲͬʱҲоſѧձ?3.ѧǲҪоһб?4.޲ɸоı?5.ѧǲǻҪоҪ?6.ĵһԭ?7.ûڵĳ?ǲǿԺ?8.һԭĿ,?9.ɻͲɻԭǲͬ?10.ں͵һǱػ?11.һԭձ,?12.һԭǱڵ,ʵ?13.ǲǱ?Щȫ,ЩĻش,㹹ԺҪ.ʿµ˼Ƿչ,ЩĻش,ʵѾԭķΧ.ʿѧʷռҪλ,ѧչҪӰ,Щѧоͽԭ֮һ.
ڵ4ָ,ѧĶо"",Ϊ"ڵĴ".ڵĵʵ.ſѧо""һּ.ʿѧʷϵһζѧо̽.ڵ6,ݿѧоĶͬ,ʿ°ѿѧΪ۵ĿѧʵĿѧʹƵĿѧ.ѧѧѧ۵Ŀѧ.ΪѧоȶֲĶ,㲻ʵ.ѧѧĸ,ѧѧ.
ʵѧ˵,ڸ7˼в."ʵ":ʡձ顢ֺͻ.رǿ"",ָĶ:һж˵,ȴǲ˵,ʵʵ.ʵ:ϡʽԼϺʽĽ.Ǳڵʵ.ʽʵʵ.ʵĶ,ԭһʵ,ʵĶĴڲܳھԲڵ,һܳΪʵĶ,ǱڵĶ,ǱڵĶʵ˶.
ⲿ,ʿѧ˼.йڲƶߵ˼,Ϊһʵ,ûκϵ,ʿ³֮Ϊ.ǲκζ"Ϊ"Ķ,Ƶ.ڸʿѧ۳Ϊ"ûбߵΨ".
,ʿ¼ۺ.۵,еһ,۰һ""ڸ֮ڵĶ,Ӷʹһ͸뿪.ʱָ:ǿ˸о,,,ǻ.ѧĶо,ڿɸо֮,Ϊʲôɸо?ɿ㹹,߹,湹,ΪЩضʵ,ʵǴ,ΪЩʵ;һ˵,ʹʵ,ҲӦǸоʵ,,Բܶ.
3ѧѧȫ鹲10116,ʿѧǡѧ͡ŴĪѧҪһ.
˼ṹ,½һǳ.ʿµ,ΩһһϵͳǾ˱༭,ͬһƪ,ҲǱоϸע͵㷺ɹḻ.
ⲿҪ֮:1⼰˵;25۵µ,һ˵,Ȼѡ,ϸ˵µ;6ǵ;7۵;89о;10ۿ֡Ҹ.֮д.
ⲿ,ʿӹ֮.Ϊʲô鶼һĿ,Ŀľƺ,ƾ
ǵ,Ǿ.Ӷ˰ͼĴһԵĳƵĹ۵.
ʿΪֶ:СǱܺƷ.νָЩʹо;νǱָǽԸЩе;νƷָǽԶԸЩеЩ.¼ȲҲǱ,Ʒ.仰˵,κһֶ,Ǽʹ״̬,ʹĹúܺ.õԸ״̬"ӹ֮""ʶ".ָ:ǵΪйȡм״,йȺͲһʧܵʽ,ֻмǳɹʽ,.ɼʿ"ӹ"Ƕκ̬ȺΪҪһʶ.
ʿ¸ӹĵԭ,꾡ǵľĵΪ.ָ,ӱܺͺÿһһų;֮,κΣյ³ç.¸ҵ¾ų³ç֮.̰ÿһֻ,κλ֮ǰֹ޶;֮,ܿһлֵľ.Ƶ¾޶Ⱥľ֮.Լƹߵν֮Դ;֮,Լ̫͵ν֮Ա.¾ԴԱ֮.²ⲻӿǾͲȻŭ߳Ϊ;֮,޸޿֮о߳Ϊή.Ͱ¾ڱή֮.ǱֻΪԼν֮˽;֮,Լ޿ν֮ҷ.Ѱ˽ҷ֮.
ⲿ,ʿ»̽ǻµ;.,:Ƿº.ǷĴɽ̵ɡ,Ҫʱ;ɷϰѬճ.ǵ²Ȼɵ,츳,ΪûһȻڵĶܹϰ߸ı.˵,ҪúӹĵΪͱ׼,Ӧʵѵ,һڴ½Ϊ,ڵٶΪټһ,ҲΪΪ,ΪнƶΪнƵ,Ϊ¸ҶΪ¸ҵ.֮,֮Աų޶,Ӧͻ,Ϊɵ."ܵ˵,ƷӦʵ.,һҪʮʵ.Ʒʵ.Сϰ߲ǼС;ǡǡ෴,ǳҪ,һжҪ".ѧ
ⲿ,ʿ˵Ҹϵĳ˼۶.Ŀ,־ΪȻҲһҸ,Գ˼Ҹ.ҸԳ˼ǲ,ǵԳ˼,Ҹ.Ϊ͸ǲɷ,ҵΪһֶΪ,Բʥ;Գ˼,Ҹ޹ϵ,ҲҪΪ,˱֮,ޱ.
"˼,֮Ŀ׷,űеĿּֿ֣ǿֻ,е㡢Ͼ
"ѧ.ѧǻ۵Ļ,Գ˼,»,䴿ͳ־öɹ.
ʿԳ˼ΪǵҸ,ΪΪεĶ,˺ﲻͬ,ԵĶ,,Եõĺ,ΪԱκĶ.ûԳ˼,νҸ.һ˵Ϊָ,Գ˼,Ϊ,ҲҸ.
Щʿеɫ.
4ѧѧȫ鹲8103,һר.
ǹϣһȫϵͳ,˼뷢չʷռҪλ.
ⲿ,ʿ֤˳ǰƹҵγɺ.,кŮ˺ūֹϵĽ,˼ͥ.
ͥΪճҪʽ.ΪӦ㷺Ҫ,ɼͥϳһֳʽ,;ɴ϶Ϊǰ.ǰһ,ᷢչ߼걸ľ.,ԻȫԸ,ԳǰȻĲ,巢չյ.ڳǰյ,᱾Գֱֳ.ʿ´۵,ڱ"һζ"۶.ó:ʱ˵,ǰҺڸ˺ͼͥ;ӱ˵,ǰڻڸ˺ͼͥ.Ϊֻǳǰɲ,ÿ˵Ҫڳǰвܵõ,һ뿪˳ǰ,ͲܳΪ,һֻҰ,һ.
Ȼǰͥɵ,ôͱоͥɡƲ͹.,˺ū˶ūͳκū,,֧һ,"ϺȻ".ΪЩעǱͳ,Щ෴;ȱǶȻū,ֻиǶܳԶ˲ܳΪ.ʹȻūȻ˵,ӶγͳκͷӵĹϵ,ūڱϲԼڱ,ūֻ"˵Ĺ",ū"ĲƲ".Ȼ,ֹ۵Ǵ,Ϊūͳ绤.
ʿ˰ͼ""ǰĹ۵.ָͼųǰΪһȫеĻһ,ʵǲʩе.ָͼΪʵֳǰĻһ˽,ʵвƲк͹޹ӵƶ,Ҳǻ.˵,ƲмȲǵ˽,Ҳ޷,෴ֻǵ໥;,ʵӹвܴﵽǰĺ,ʹʧ,,Ӳ,ֵమ,캦Ҳᷢ.
ⲿ,ʿ"еȽ׼"ͳ
ι.Ƚʲô"",Ϊ""ʵͬ""ͬ,ÿǰ"ͳȨִ",һˡ˻.ִߵͳּչȫĹͬ,յĹ;֮,ִյĹֻԼ˻ƽȺڵ˽,ǾǱ̬.ָ:塢塢.ֺõ,ԾΪ.ͬӦı̬塢ͷ塢.ֻΪ.
ʿ¿,һʵܴﵽʽ,"еȽ׼"ͳ.κι,ֳɷ:һ׼ʮָ,һ׼ʮƶ,׼м.ߡƶͳζ,ֻеȽ׼ΪɵΪ,Ϊ,"ӹʶ"õ,һ,ֵԭڳǰ,ӵʶȲƲõ,׼ܹӹĵԭ,˳.,еȽ׼,ǱȽȶĹ׼,ûҰ,Գ䵱ƶжԽ׼"ٲ",Ա⵳֮,ٵɾ׿.ѿ,ʿеȽ׼ͳει,ͼ͵жԽ׼֮ì,άнĳǰū,Ȼⲻһֻ.
ʿ»̽˸ԭİ취.ָ,һǰڽʱ,ƫԼƽΪԭ.ڳвͬĵ,ͼƷȨ.ĽΪ,һƽȾӦڸ涼ƽ,ȻҶ,Ӧһжƽ.ͷĽΪ,Ҫĳһ治ƽ,Ӧκη涼ƽ,˾ӦڲƲռ.Щ,ƽӦеƽȵλΪ,ҪһȨ;ͷҪһз涼Խ,ɱͬһǰ,ȨԼԸʱ,͸ɿ.,һ嶼ƻ,㸲.Ǹ巢һԭ.ʿ»оʷϴʵ,꾡ط˸巢ľԭ.άָķ;,ҪĪڽһΥΪ,һ嶼ӦƲľϵ,ִ߲ܼٽ蹫ְ,ı˽;κ嶼Ӧôӵ,ȶ,Ĵʩڼ,Ҫ"ӹ֮",Ӧָƽ;ոľ,ʹǵϱҪ,ܴﵽξðЧ.
ʿⶨǰͽּ.ǰ˿ڡλáԡṹ,ֱĳеĹ滮˾巽.ڳǰĽ,Թꡢּͯԭ򡢿γ̺ͷϸĹ涨.
5ѧ
ѧȫ鹲866,Ȼ˶ѧ˵.Ҳ̽Ҫѧ.
ⲿ,ʿ¶"Ȼ"ֽ.ָ,ڲ,һ֮˶;ֹĸԴ,ָԴȻ,"ȻΪԵĶ֮ԱƶھֹһԴԭ.ǽ,ǽһ,˶;ֹ".ѧǵһֽ.ȻǱһ˶ĸԴĶ״ʽ,ȻһʽĶ.ǵڶֽ.
ⲿ,ʿ֤ںͱ仯ԭ.Ȳ˿ԭҪ,ָҪ˽ʲô,ͱʶԭ.ԭֺ:1ΪһӳּŵĶ;2ʽԭ,༴ʵĶ,Լ"";3仯ֹͣԴȪ;4Ŀ֮µԭ,һ֮Ա"Ե",罡ɢԭ.,ԭ򳣳϶Ϊһ:ΪǸ"ʲô""׷Ǹ"ͬһ,˶ԴȪЩҲͬ.
˹ıȻԺĿԵĹϵ.ڱȻר,ǿ﷢չıȻԵͬʱ,ҲڱȻлżȻԵ.ΪȻĿ֧.˵ĻΪһĿ,˹ղƷΪһĿ,ȻҲ.һ˵,ĿĲȻ,ΪȻζ:Ϻʽ,һ׷Ŀ.˵Ϊʲô,Ǹ,δγ֮ǰԤȰźõ.ǴĿ.
ⲿ,ʿϸؿ˶ʽ.ָ,ֻʶ˶,˽Ȼ.˶Ǵ֮,Ǵ֮.˶¼ʽ:ʵ巽,ʵкȱ;ʷ,ǰ׺ͺ;,ȫͲȫ;λƷ,ϻ.ǱܺʵĹϵϸ˶¶:ǱڵĶʵֻɾ˶.˶Ϊֱ˶Բ˶.νֱ˶ҵ˶,޵,Բ˶޵,˶.
ʱռ,ʿⲿҲ꾡.ʱ֤˶.ڿռԵӿعյѧ˵,ʱͿռ֥ŵ˶֤.
6ʫѧʫѧȫ鹲26,ʿµһҪѧ.
дⲿĿ̽ʫࡢÿһضЧ
ɲ.ʫɷΪʷʫ硢ϲ硢ʫ,ɼʿ˵ʫǷָʽ.Щ""˵.һִ,ֻڻеʽһԭ,ֻʵ,""ָģ.Ϊ,ԺеȻ.һʼͱӵиǿģ.ʫ˼Ҳܱ,ܱ֮ܵ.ģµֶΡģ¶ͷʽͬ,ʹ໥.ʿⲿ̽ģһĹͬ,ģ³˹ᴩȫĻ˼.
ʿ֮ǿʫģ,˺й֮,һҪԭΪͼѧ˼.֪,ͼ۳,ֳʵ,Ϊʵ"ģ""Ӱ",ʵǲʵ;ģʵֻ"ģģ""ӰӵӰ","ʵ",˸Ӳʵ.ʷʫ,"״",һ"ģ",Ϊģ¸ǵĲ.ͼ෴,ʿ¼Ƴģ,ģеĵλ̵Ĳ.
ʿָ,ʫģʽ:һ"ﱾȥģ";ڶ"Ϊ˵ȥģ";"Ӧеȥģ".ʿĿһģΪ,ѹϣıʫ˹ǲģʽĵʹ,.,ģʽͼ˵ʧȥʵ,෴,ʵ,ΪģµĲǸ,ǴձȻԵ.Ϊ˵ģµ,صذʫ˺ʷѧ.ָʫ˺ʷѧҵʫ,ʷѧɢ,ʷѧ"Ѿ","Ǹ";ʫдȴǰտȻɺͱȻдЩ"ܷ","ձ".ʫʷѧζׯϵĶ.,ʿ°ʷֻдżȻ¼,ʷͬҲǽʾ﷢չıȻ,⵱ȻǲԵ,ģµļȷҪʾﱾʺձȻԵ˼.
ʿΪ֤ģµıȻ,ҸԴ.ΪʫģµԴԭ:,ģǳ˵Ȼı,СʱͿʼֳ.Ҳͨģֱܿʼѧϰ.
жģµ,Ϊһ,ʹ˲ͬ;,ÿ˶аг,ģ³ĶҲкгĽ,ʹ˲.ʫ˾ͨģ´ʹͿ־.ģ˵Ե˼,νʫıȱݺżȻȱݵ:ʫ˴ģ¶ûģµĲ,ôʫǱʵȱ,䵱ʫ;ʫģʱֻǱЩǡĵط,ʫżȻȱ.
ʿµ,ʫĸʽ,ߵ
ʽ,ʽʷʫиŵ.ڴ˲رо˱ģ.
ʿָ,һΪģ.ν壩,˵пʼмͽβ.ϵ,ÿһֶǽϵ,ȱٻȥκһֶٻ.Ȼһжģ,:顢Ը˼롢ԡ.عϵģµֶΡģµ״̬ԼģµĶ,Ӷ˱.ÿһֱֶϸ,رǿ""ⲿ,ΪǱҪֺ.,ⲿڱеҲ̽,ʫдʱ,ӦܵذԼŵڵĵλ,ܹ￴ø.
ǼҪļҪ,ѧƵ˼ʱ,ǻһЩ.
ѧɾʿµо漰ʱһ,Ҽÿжļͳɾ.ѧƵĴʼ,Ϊ´ġݷḻĿѧ,ĻͿѧչ˽ܳ.
ʿΪѧķ,ĵ䷶ӾʵǿϵͳҪ.ĿѧѧǸʿµĵ䷶,ʵҪ뷢չ.,ʹ,ʿµĳɾӰѧѧķչ.
1ѧʿ¾,˵ʱиſѧ֪ʶ,ǹϣһ֪ʶзĿѧ.ΪſѧǶģ˿Էࣩ,ͳһģԣ,ΪѧƲǶһƽ,ֵĿĿɷΪͬĲ.ԵĿѧ֮ѧԸһ,ѧֽԿѧٸһ.,ſѧϵͳ,нṹĿġֵ֮,ѧ֮,Ӷ֮Ŀͳһ.
֪ĿĲͬ,ѧ֪ʶɷΪ:һ֪ΪĿĵ۵ѧ,ζѧ˳Ϊ"һѧ"ѧʵȻѧԭ,Ҳ"Ȼѧ"ѧ;ڶѰΪı׼ΪĿĶ֪ʵõѧ,Ρú;ѰʵüֵֵΪĿĶ֪Ĵѧ,ּ,罨֡ͼܵ.߼ѧ,Ϊ֪Ĺ,һѧƶ.߼ѧܳΪۡ.
ʿµĿѧ,ѧüͼʾʾ:12
ʿµһζԿѧз,ƶѧѧķչҪ.
һԿѧз,һΪѧ֪ʶһͳһϵͳ,֪ʶ֮.֪ʶϵͳ˼Դڰͼ.ͼڽ۴ʱָ,ߵ"","һԭ",ıԭ,֪ʶռ,ԵĶ.һ֪ʶԵһԭΪ.Ӧȥյһԭ,Ȼ֪ʶ,һ֪ʶϵͳ.ʦ֪ʶϵͳ˼ʿ.ͼ,е֪ʶԴͬһԭݳ,ΪſѧĶͬʮԵ.ȷ,֪ʶɢҵġ,һĳϵ.һ˼,ĿѧҸ˿϶.¹ѧ,1918ŵѧM.ʿ˵:"ѧڵ,ֽΪĲŲȡı,ȡʶľ.ʵϴѧͨѧѧѧ
,κһܴƵ.ѵ?"ϵͳ۴ʼ˱ʷưʿ¿ϵͳ˼ʼ,ָ:"ʿµ۵'ĸֵܺ'ǻϵͳһֱ,Ȼȷ."ڶ,ֻܶǰϵͳ˼뿴ʿѧеһ,ʵʿڰͼ˼һҪ۵.ʱ:һ,Ŀѧ֮һڵĽṹ.ͨоſѧ,Ѹ֪ʶ˷,ʶʷϵһſѧ,.
ڶ,ÿſѧӦΪһϵͳ.ѧ֪ʶ϶.
ʿȹ涨֪ʶı:"Ϊ֪һԭ֪ԭ,Ҳ֪ʱ,ǱΪ֪һھ,ǶǵĻżȻϣ."ƪ˵,֪ʶ:1.˵ԭ,˵Ϊʲô;2.˵Ȼ,Ǳ.һſѧһϵ֤ɵ,֤ǿѧ,һ֪ʶΪƳ֪ʶ.Ϊݵ֪ʶǹ.Ҫ֪ʶ,:1.Ǳ"ʵ",㲻Ϊ֪ʶ,Ҳʹõ˽;2.Ǳ"ԭ",ֱӵ,ü֤.ǻ֤,ǾͲǵһԭ;3.ǱȽ֪ø;4.ڽ۲ǽ۵ԭ,"ûЩܻ,ȴ֤.ΪԲ֪ʶ".ƪӹ,Ǳ밴۵ĸ,۳һϵǰ̵Ķ,Ӷһſѧ.˵ÿ֤ÿ۶ͨ۵Т.ƪ
Ȼ,ʿµĹϵͳҲδʵ,ֻһ,һͷеģ.Ƶ,ȹ㷺ռֹ۵,γΪ,Ȼ꾡Ŀ,Ӷҳİ취.ǲ˶ǿ.һѧⲻζžͱ,һ벢зʵֵ.⡢,ǳڹ۲졢˼оĽ.ѧǸǵľ,Դ˶̵,編ѧұ˵,γɺѡ,"ǿйӵһ׶.һ˵,Ƚ".ڰ˹̹˵:"һȽһҪ,"µ,"ҪдԵ,ұ־ſѧ."ЩΪ˵о춨˻.ѧ˵"",ʵʶûнĶ,δ֪,ǿڤ˼,ʵʶ٣£M.ʿ:ѧͼͳһ,Ī˹Ƴ,1966.
ٲμ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,149152ҳ.
ڡѧļ,ѧ,1980,29ҳ.
۰˹̹:ѧĽ,Ϻѧ,1962,66ҳ.
һչвѧ̽в׽.,ʶѴﵽĸ߶,ֱʵʶһչ,֪벻֪ӵ;뷴ӳδ֪̽ǰĹȺ.ɼ,벻ֻǼ򵥵ļ,ֻһʺŻ뷨,ӳ˿ѧҵۻѴﵽĿи߶,˿ѧҶԿѧǰյĳ̶,˽⡢ʶ.Ȼ,һΪ.Ľ,Ҫ˲,Ҫ,ЩˡʷʱŵԽ.֮,󾭼˲Ž,䲻֪ķ˶˵Ѫ;!֤֤α.
2ѧɾʿÿһ򶼲ǸӰ,ǳֹ,о꾡ϸ¡,Ҹڴ.ѧΪ,ɼһ.ʿΪѧרҵҪĶѧѧȷϵ.
Զо춨ѧĻ,һ,ȻֳɸߵͲȵĵȼ,50ֶ˵̥,۲쵽Ŵ,ᵽ500ֶ.۵˴˵,άҶ͸гɾ,λ,˱ʿ,ֻСѧ.ʿµѧоɹֱ2000űȡ,ֿѧɾʷǲ.ʿ¿оĳɹдˡ־͡ʡ.
ʡһʧ,־.־ϸ˶ںڲ;ɹɵĲͬɷ֡ѪҺͷëֳַʽʳϰԡ;оҰţɽ¹ʨӡ๷ա;ӡӡȡľӥѻüڹꡢ桢㡢ߡࡢ㼰.ں㣩׿Ƕͷٶнǵĸḻ.,˵е,ŷ޵Ұţкĵ,о.֮,ϣ֪ÿһֶﶼע⵽,඼ϸ.ĳЩ,ʿ˵ϸ¡ǡȷ,ֱ˳Ծ.о,ʶ˵һЩǼġϤ,Ա桢ȷ,ȫһרҵ.ĳЩ˱Ƚ,ڲϸµ,.˵־һ,һиڷܵķᱮ,ʵΪ.ⲻ˵о,۶ȷ,ֻ˵ٵļԶԶ.Բ,,ָɲ.Ҫ˵Ŵ,ִ,˭ܱ֤ٷ֮ȷ?
һ˵ʶ,ڸĽ,,һд,,ܿ.
Ͻʿ¸ڴоһ.,Ҳܿѧо.ȷǰ֪˵ı,
ǿҵ֪.
ʿ֮ȡ˾޴Ŀѧɾ,ȫ֪˵ı,оĽ,Ͻѧ̬ȡѧѧҲֱӹϵ.
ʿоص,ϸµ̽ĸʷ,꾡ؽʾоЩʱһ,Ϊ˽бȽϺ͸ôʵ.Ϊעʵ,һа취ռһ,Ծѧ˵в˼롢۵ѱµĿѧ񶨡,Ϊʷĳ¼,̽ȻķͽǶ,Ȼмֵ,оԽн.
˵,ȡʵѧ,ʷǰ˳ɹѧķ.
ʿһλѧоר,Ѵʱ׸˿Եġһֵо.¼ԼĹ۲첢Զֽн.һ˵ľ,Ҫܶ,ȲԼ,ֲܲϢع,ͬһоһ,Ҫ˵,,ǰ˵.ѧΪռ˲,ܶɹʦ.,ֻһ;һ˸˵Ͷɹ,㷺ռ.ǰ˵ɽΪоṩ˷,Ϊṩ.˶ִ˵ʾ,Ϊɽһô.˵Ƿ,ǲȥ֤.һԿ϶,Ǿôϡ걾ȫԼѧռ,ǰ˵ļҲô,Բɽṩ,Ҳ˰ṩ.ʷ,ʿעʵ,Զֽ,ȥˡˡˡũͶȥ,Щ˰æ.˶۷ָ,Ⱥ,̬,·ͬ,ʱʱ,ȥȤ,һ˲֪еİ,ͨڵĹ۲о,֪۷һ"ͨѶ",һϵеĲͬ,ȺԴԶϢ.ܼûԶĶ.ʿ´Щ鱾ûСԼ֪֪ʶ.Ե,ճ¼,Ϊʵʲ˵ĻҲһϿѧ,Ҳöô׼ȷ.
ʿ¶һв϶Ҫ·о֤ʵ,Ȼ.
Ҳһȫȷ,Ǻܶ˶е.ﲻС˵.
Ӵѧй,ߵ¹̹紦,ϡ,̲,ûʳ.һ,ջشӹ·ֵһ,ܻ.һԿ,ȻջֵץһѳԵ.װû,,,ƽʱнջؾҲԼС,ǲ.,ջʦԷ.üͷһ,һ˵:"ղμ˵ĸ,Ҫǰɾķ͸."ջʦ˼,˵:"ղлҳ,ѢٴӢѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,1827ҳ.
Ūһ,ڷ˿ϧ,ʦֲ,ҾԼץ.",Ȼ,֪Ŵջ.,ִ޴ӽ,еǧ.ǳв,ʦ,̾Ϣ:"Լ۾,۾Ҳпסʱ;ж,жҲ.Ҫס,˽һǲ."ӵķʡ,Ǻ,ҲҪ.,ȵ;˵ȻҪ,Ȼ,Ϊһס.ȷʵۼջץ,ⲻ鹹.ǽһΪջر,Ǿ̫.ɹ,˽,ûּ,Ժ󲻶ϷʡԼ,ܿɹ.ǵ,,Ͽѧ,ܸ׼ȷ.
ѧһȤʵ.70ĩ,40й۲ѧڵ¹͢.һʼ,ͻȻŶ,һ˳ǹ׷һ,˴,һǹ,һҽ,׷ȥ.ȫĿѧұŵĳ澪.ھ֮,ϯҡҡ,Ȼ˵:"Ůʿ,,벻ؾ,ŵĳȰŵһʵ.óֽһ¸ոշĶĿ֮."Ҫһشʮּ,,ղŽ,Ǻ׷,ǰ׷,Ǵ,Ǵ̿?ʲôɫ?ȵ.ȫֻ20,ұȫ¼.
Ľ40жѧ,ûһȫ.ֻ1˴10,14˴Ϊ2040,12˴Ϊ4050,13˴50.еĴ¿,.
ʵ˵,ʹĿߵҲȫɿ,ĿߵҲҪͨѧĿ췽.˵Ĵ"˲ʱ",ʹ˷.ǳ.һҽΪ˽ѧѧȷжϡϸĹ۲,һʵ:ָװҺԹ,һǷ,ȻѧǶһ,ѧʵڲԸƷζζ,Ϊƭʦ,һ˵"".
ʦЦ˵:"ͬѧ!ϵ.ҸղԹܵĴָ,ȴʳָ.,Ϊ˽עʵеϸ,Ҫɴ.,ǸղŵĻشǼٵ."һɵĲʵ.
,ǿϷ˵Ķ:"Լ۾,۾Ҳпסʱ."
ʿûӵķʡ,ûйʵ,ѧͷ,ʹ,ʹñṩʱ,ʮֽ.
˵,Щ˷ܽ,Ǵ,"ǵĴ,ΪĽ̽е÷ǳѸ,ʹҲԹ۲쵽,οûһΪ˻֪ʶȥ۲."Ҳ˵ʲô,ʲôҲžòȥ۲ȥ.Ҫڷ.ǢӢ:쵼쵼ѧ,ѧƼ,19811,4ҳ;Ժ:ѧۡ,,1988,132ҳ.
٣ӢB.:ѧо,ѧ,1981,104ҳ.
תѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,29ҳ.
ʿµʵ˵ṩ,֤ʵ,ʵѧϰص.
ʵѧϰ,ʷѧ,ѧ,ǰ˵ĳɹѧ.ϣҽһЩо,ʿ˵ĸɲʱǵĳɹ."ʿµо൱㷺Ķ,Ŭᱻ'֮'".ӵд,"֪ĵһ鼮,İʹ֪Ӧͼ."ʿ²Ⱥ,ڰͼѧ԰ʱ,ĲȽ϶,˵ʱܼĸ,൱ϸıʼ,˷ű.˵:"һӦ鱾жժ¼,Ŀơȡֱ."ÿһʱ,ȴʷĽǶȶǰ˵йع۵Բ,,оٺͷǰ˵˼.ǰ,ä,о,һȿ,Ŀ.
ʵѧ,ǰѧ,о.Զ˵,ЩѧҪԼе.ʿµĳɾ,൱ĲԼĶ,߼ѧ,ڵʱɹõϷǳ,ֻԼڷȥ,Լ˵:"ֻѻѴʱм̽."
ƪ
ǿ϶ʿµѧɾ,ζſ϶ȫѧ˵.
ʵ,ĺܶ˼붼ѱµĿѧ,رȻѧ.,൱һֿѧҰǽѧϰ.һ濴,ֲȫ̷,Ϊѧķչһ󡢷Ĺ.ȥĴ,ӿѧʷĽǶȿ,ԳѧͿѧչʷľ޴,ǽ˱ضľ.ŷѧǾɻ,ֱºͺڸ,ҲǸԴʿȡ˶õĶ.ڸ˵:"ʹһѧ,ǾûʲôȽʿ¸ֵȥ."ٵ¹"ѧҡѧʼ֮һִѧԭߡ1932ŵѧߺɭ˵:"һûϣȻѧ֪ʶ,ͺִԭѧȡýչ."ʿµѧɾϣȻѧ֪ʶҪ.,ڻع˼άʱ,ǲܷʿĻһյ.
תѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,2930ҳ.
תѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,2930ҳ.
ٺڸ:ѧ¼2,ӡ,1960,284ҳ.
ת׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,182ҳ.
ѧѧ˵ʿǰٿȫʽѧ,ű൱㲩,ʹظʢĻѧϵͻ.ԡԪָ,ʶչʷ,ʿǵһѧһŶѧƽоˢ.ʿΪѧžѧ,ѧ"ǻ"˼,ǻ֮ѧ.֮ǰ,ûȷѧҪоʲô,һЩѧӦо.
ʿµһȷ涨ѧĶ.ڡζѧ4,˵һſѧרо"ΪڵĴ"."ΪڵĴ"
ָһձĴ,Ǵ,һдڵĵ"".ڡζѧ6ָѧĶ"ġԷı",ͨν"ѧ".,ʿ¾Ϊѧо֧:һоġĴΪ,ѧ;"ΪڵĴ"Ϊ.֧ǿԵͬ,ΪѧҪġձ.֮,ʿµ˼˵ѧоѧռ,Ǽһоѧ֪ʶȫ.Ӱ¢ٵ""ʿµ"ΪڵĴ",ѧȷԼר.ʿ¹.
1ѧҪΪһŶѧ,ѧȸԼĻ.ʿ¿,۱֪Щ޷.һ,ֻǵ,ܽ⿪Щ,ٽʶ.Щѧֵ̽.ڡζѧ,ѧӦֺ̽ͽ13⣨˷ֳ14⣩.13ǰ5.
ʿЩ֮˵,Щǲ׵,ȷʵ.ڡζѧ326Լеķ:"ĳǼ,ǷǼ,"Ǽ,мֿܻ򲻿ܵ;ǷǼ,һ?ڽЩʱ,Ҳ,ʲô¿Եó,ʲô¿Եó.˰ַΪʿµı֤.ַԺĻķչ,ҪӰ.
ʿѧʷռҪλ,ѧıشЩֱӹϵ.Щ,һֱѧ۵Ļ.
Ԫ˵:"ʿЩ廹ڢ:ʿ¹ڱѧ˵,..֪,1982,41ҳ;׽:ʮ˼ҡ,Ԫ׫ʿ¡,,1990,170ҳ.
ٰ£ԼԪǰ6ĩǰ5Ҷ,ϣѧѧ.Ϊ""""ǵһġ޵ġĺͲɷָ.""˼άͬһ.ǧ򻯵ֻǷ˵,༴"""",Ϊоɿ,ֻԲʶ.ʫƪȻ,ֽƬ.
Ȿ.ѧʷʷ.һѧˮƽߵ͵ı׼,ν,ʲô,.
ʿͨѧܽоٳЩ,Ϊŷζѧ,ѧʷռͳελǧ֮.,ֻҪζѧ۵Ĵ,ôǱؽԶԼ."2ǰͼѧĻʯ.ͼ۵ĺľΪĶ,һ,еﶼǾġԵġϱ仯ġ,ʵ;һձġԵġ㲻䲻,.Ĺϵ:һ,""֮Ϊ,"",ľ,ˡĻ;ƺû,ͲˡĻ.ڰͼ,"".ڶ,""ͬ,˵:ҪˡĻΪʲô,Ϊ"".ͼĹ۵ǳȷ,ǵһԵ,ǵڶԵ,ֻӰ.,ͼи,ԴΪ˵:,һ֮,Ǳʹڵ;ľĴ,ģ֮ľ֮;ǻұµĴ,ģ¾֮֮.ִ,ֻ֮㲻ġʵڵĶ;֮֮ģ,ǲϱ仯ġʵ;ڻұµ֮,ģģ,"ʵ",Զ,ʵ.˵,Ҳһ,Ҫּȼ,γĵȼϵͳ.˵,紲ӡ,ͼ;ѧѧ緽Բͬ,ǽϸһ;ĺ͵µ塢¸ҵ,Ǹһ;,Ƶߵ.,"ڴ֮,ȴڸϸĶ",˵,ϵĻ.ö˵,۵Ĵ˭ܿ.Ĵڸһ͸Ĺϵ.ʿµץסһ.
ʿ¶۵,ضʷ׶ε,Ҿһѧʷѧ۵.Щѧ߷.
ڸڡѧʷ¼ж԰ͼʿµѧ÷ǳϸ,ʿ¶"",ȴֻд˼;ӢʿȨоߡţӢ롶ʿȫࡢʿҪķע˹˵:"ϸЩǷζ;һûмֵĴë,һЩ,ҲֻܳǿЦ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,Ԫ׫:ʿ¡,,1990,172ҳ.
ٰͼ:ҡ,ϣѧ,..֪,1957,182ҳ.
."һЩΪ԰ͼѧԱ˶ǰͼ.Щ۵,Է:"Ψߺڸʿ£԰ͼУƻΨһ㵨ӵر̸ܶ.""ʿ¶԰ͼ'',ǶΨ,һΨ."ҹѧ߶иֿ϶,˾.1963׫:ͼ""˸һ,""һնĳ,˵ʿ´ʮ֤.˵ʿеҪ:۵˵,Ҫ˵,Ҫ϶кӦ,ܼʶ,ʹҪ͵ĶĿһ;ԭıʶ"",֮һ,һ,ıʾͳ˴֮.ʵ,仯ԭȴ,㲻,ĶǱ仯ԭ,˵ͨ;ΪƳ,ȻɻҢ.Ԫ˵ʿаͼ,аͼ֤ڵķ,"˵""ģ˵".Ӣѧ¡¹ѧ߲նҲ.
ʿеͼձġһĶӸзȥ.һ,ٿڡʿ·ѧ˵ۡһʿ¹һԷʱ,ϸ˵,һ.
ʿܽǰ˵˼ɹ,ͨһĹϵ,.ʿΪ,ǿ͹۴ڵ,һĶֻܴڸ֮.˵:"ֻǸĴ,ûĸ,ȫ.ʵʶЩ;,ûе,Ҳ,еֻ֪.""ÿʵĵһĸ,ڸľͲ;ձǹе,νձͲֹһ."ζѧ,,,һһؿ͹۴ŵ,ɼĶһĶ.Ȼһڸ֮,ڸ֮ⲻνһĶ,Ϊ뿪ձ顢һԶԴڵ˵,Ǵ.Ϊ,ʿµ",ڸķ֮⻹һķ",,һϵľ֮.
Ӹһԭ,ʿ¶԰ͼϵͳ.
ת׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,138ҳ.
:ѧʼǡ,ȫ38,,1959,138ҳ.
:ѧʼǡ,ȫ38,,1959,138ҳ.
:ʿ¶԰ͼ:""ǶһΨС,ѧѧ,19635.
:ϣѧҵĹ¡,й,1984,129130ҳ.
׽:ʮ˼ҡ,Ԫ׫ʿ¡,,1990,138ҳ.
ʿָ:۵֢ΪձԵ,"Щ,ҿǵ˼·ǽ,ǰ'ձ',ͬʱְ͸Ķ,ǲܵ"ζѧ.˵,۵Ĺ۵,ÿӦ"",ôַ񶨵,"""",ǷҲ?Ȼ,ǲ,ڵ,ôͳһ?ͼģ,Ϊֻ"",ⲻʹÿԺʫı,˵.ûģ͸ģ,͹,˵,ո׵Ƿ,ոܻ.ָ,;Ĳǲܵ,Ϊ"ʽ"ʱ,ô""ǵľﻹδ;Ѿʱ,ȴûԼ"ʽ".һ˵,ʹ"ʽ"Ӧ,ЩҲԲΪ"ʽ",ڱԭԻòʹ.縸ĸ,ҽָ.,Ȳ˵Ĵ,Ҳܽ;˶.
ͼ˵ڵԭ,͵һЩЩĿȵĶ,һҪ,ȴΪ̫پͲܼ,ǰĿ,Ȼһ.Ȼ뷨ɿЦ.
ʿ¶԰ͼ,ץס˰ͼΨѧļ,ӸһĹϵѧҪ,ָ,ͼ۵ĸΪ뿪˸𻹴һĶ,ͻ۵Ҫ.ʿһڸ֮еԭ,ʵϾһΨĸ.ΪΨĴ,ʶ۵ĸԴ˵,ǵߵһʵϵ.ǧǰʿʶ,ڵʱȷʵﵽ൱ߵˮƽ,ⲻ,а̵мֵ˼,ƶǵʶ,ڴٽʶʷķչҪ.
ָ,ʿǿһڸ֮һԭʱ,û"һ"ʶеĻ.Ϊ,ֻаձԡͬ,ʶһ,",Ͳܴ,Ϊ,ôĸлʶ?ʵͬձ,ǲŵʶһ".ʶһ㡢ձ,̵ܸʶ.,رǿѧ֪ʶҪ,Լÿѧ֪ʶ;.Ϊ,ѧ֪ʶʶձ,оܻÿѧ֪ʶ,оĶֻǸĶ,ձĶƾо,ֻ֤ͨ.,һ㡢ձԵԽ,һ֪ʶ֪,֪ʶ,֪һ.,ʿ±ĻǺܾȷ,ǲعȫ,ȷһ.
ڸһĹϵ,ʿҲлҺʹĵط.
ȻΪ뿪ûһ,ʱΪڸ֮һĶ.ʵŴһһ.ΪĶ䶯,һĶȴ仯.˵,˾֮Ƿ񻹴ʲô?,ôһжʱԵ,ʲô,Ǿʽ,ͱʾ"ʱ"ĸ֮һ㲻"ʽ".,ΪΪʵ,Զ.˵ͼ֮Ǵ,Ϊͼ"ͳһ"Ķ,ձĶ;˼"һ"Ķ,ͿԶ.
˻.ʹΥԼŵһڸ֮еԭ.ìǹŴ˼ҵͨ.
ȻʿһĹϵì֮,Ӷʹ۵в,ܵĿ,лҪ,ץס˹ؼ.ڵʱһ,Ϊͼǵʱѧ,ڵĻ˵Ȩ,ǹϣһ˿͹Ψϵѧ,۶ڵʱ˼ͳκӰ൱.û൱,ǲе.,ͼʿµʦ,ѧʦ,,ʿ"Ұʦ,"ľ,۵ս,ȷʵ䶯һʱ,Ӱ.
3ѧʿ:"κ˶ŵﶼƶ."ѧAƵB,BƵC,ǲ޵ȥ,Ҫҵ"һƶ".˶ĸԴʱ,ԱȻҪ˶ŵȥѰ˶ԭ,Ƴ"Ķ",.
ʿΪ,Ӧóһġı.Ϊһһľ˶˵,ʼա,κθ˶Ǽȱƶ,Լƶ˶.,κθﶼǼֱܶ.ƶԭȥ,ȻҪƳһһƶ,ֻƶĶ˶,Լǲ.һȫܶ.˵,ƶ˶ռԭʱ,ҪȥĶ.Ȼ˶,һı,һﶼ,,ı岻Ǿ,ֻһ౾.ʿΪǰǿϣѧң"Ŭ˹"ԣ.
"Ŭ˹"Ķ,Ŭ׷ҪﵽĿ.""ϡȱ,ȫʵ,ûκ˶ͱ仯,ǲ.,ǶΪҪﵽĿģƣ˶."Ķ",Ŀ,ĵһƶ,Ҳ"".
ٲμٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982,119125ҳ.
ı?ʿ˵,ѧҪо.˵:"Ҫʵ,,Ҳͻ,˶ʱȻɻ,,ǲ."ζѧ˶.,ô˶֮ǰû˶?,ѵ˶֮û˶?ͬ,ʱҲڵ.ʱ,ôʱǰûʱ,ʵ;ʱ,ôͲʱ,""ʱ,˵ʱ.ʱ˶Ծ֤㱾Ĵ.㱾ض,Ͳ˵˶.ͬʱҲǱ,ΪǱܵĶ,Ҳܲ."",Ȼû˶,㱾Ĵ,ʵ,κ,ΪϾǱ.֮,ͨ,㱾塢Ķߡ,"ݻ"سǵǰ,㲻.
ֲĶ߾ʲô?ʿ˵,ԸĶԣŬ˹˼룩Ķ.ԸԺõĶ,""ΪԼĿ,õĶ,"",ֻԲʶ.ԸĶԵĶͬ.ԸԱȽ,ԸӦ÷,ܷ.ԸԸ,ԸӦѭ.ʿǿ.ǳ,Ķ˶,ԵĶ˶ҪﵽĿ.˵,ĶʵϾҪﵽĿ.
ʿºϸطĿ,нĿ.˵,Ϊ˽Ȼ,ͱ"Ϊʲô",Ŀ.Ŀ˼ǿӸ,Ǳо.˵ѼΪˮ.Ϊʲô?"Ϊǹ,Ȼ,һǵһ,ǰÿʹĳý΢ͼװش󡢽ϸ߼,ý󡢽شװ΢.ְһֽϺõķʽ,Ȼڸõ,ô˲Ϊǻ,Ϊǻ۵Ķ,Բ."ʿµѧʱɸΪһں:"Ȼ֮",Ȼ˵ǵʦ,"ȻһĹܼһ,˷κ֮".
ȻЩʿѧȫ,ҲҪ.ҪĻǽ"".
ʿ˵,ĿǱʾĳִ,һֻƲɵ;ǶҪﵽֶ.ΪĿ,ǲ,Ϊ"",Ҫﵽ,Ų˶.Ϊ˶˶.ΪһĶ,Ϊȫʵڵı˵,ǱȻ,ĴڶżȻ.ΪһߵĴǱȻ,Ĵڷʽͱ,õ.,ʿ²ĿġȻżȻ,ΪĿ,ֻǱȻĴ,ΪǲġĶ.
תѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,148149ҳ.
ʿµԾ.˵,Ƶ״̬дڵ,ȴֻʱһ,ֻܾ,;Խ,ǾԽӾ.Ҳ,ΪԵʵԾ,ʵ.ʵԾƵġ.˵ĴڡƵĴ,ԶĲ,Ϊ.,ߵ,ǾĶ,ܴﵽƵ״̬,ֻЩʱܴﵽ.,Զ׷Ŀ;ΪԶܴﵽ,͵Զ׷.
ʿ˵,ڽ̵,ѧ.""
˼,ڰͼ˼,ʿǵһѧԼԸ,˵񡪡Ե.,""߱ڽЩ,ơ֮,ȥ׷Ķ,ͻ."ضʥ˼˼ţΪģ,˼Ƕ˼˼".ζѧ񲢲֪ʵ,ʿ˵,Ǳ밮,ҪȴǲܵĢ.
4֤˼ʿŷḻر֤˼,˹Դ˸˳ֵĿ϶:"ϣѧҶԷı֤,ѧʿ¾Ѿо˱֤˼άҪʽ."ʿ"Ŵĺڸ","ֱ֤ڻֻʿºͺڸ˼ұȽϾܵо."ʿڡѧ˶仯ʽռʱ䡢޺޵ȱ֤,ڡζѧìܶ,Ҳ˲ٱ֤˼.ڡѧʼǡоʿµйر֤۵.
˼ḻ,ѧԴоû.
ǽйⷽоһ,ΪڵҪ.
һ,ʽϵĹϵ.ʽκﶼȱٵ,κﶼʽϵͳһ.ǹĶ,Ļ.ϻܹһ,ʽ,ٲο:ʿ¹ڱѧ˵,..֪,1982,7983ҳ;׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,173175ҳ;:ѧʷϾ,ӡ,1963,219220ҳ;ѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,147152ҳ.
ڡ˼˹ѡ,3,,1972,59ҳ,446ҳ.
ۡ˼˹ѡ,3,,1972,59ҳ,446ҳ.
ܡ˼˹ѡ,3,,1972,59ҳ,446ҳ.
Ҷɽ:ѧ2,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1984,3148ҳ.
ʹ.שǽõ,ש,Χǽ,ʽͬʹ.ָ,ʽǿ໥ת,Ƕ,ֶԵ,һ϶Խϸһʽ,Խϵһ϶ʽ.ש,ڷ˵,ڹɳ˵ʽ.Դ,㹹һɵͼ߼ʽϵĲͬεϵͳ,Ϊһһһ㲻Ϸչϵ.ϺʽĹϵ,ǱܺʵĹϵ.ϻûгΪһʱ,Ҳǻûлʽʱ,ֻǱڵ״̬,"Ǳ";һʽʱ,ͳΪʵĸ.ɼ,Ǳڵʽ,ʽʵ˵.Ͻһֱ,Ǳڵ,ǿ;ҪŬʹԼõʵ,ʽ,ﵽԼĿ.
ʽ˶,,ҪʵԼ,ԼĿ.,Ǳʵ,ʵҲǱ.߲໥뿪,໥.Ǳܲʵת,Ǳܵʵ,һ˶仯ķչ.Ǳܺʵķѧϵ,ѧͿѧķչСӰ.ǽܺķѧ,֤ؾͱȽ϶.
ʿʽϵ,Ȼ˱֤˼,һʱ뿪˱֤.ռ,϶һûϵĴʽκǱܵĴʵ,"Ķ".Ϣ˱֤,ֱԺľԺѧ,ȥΪڽ̷.
ڶ,ì.ϣһʼ"""ì"ϲѺ.ϣѧҵĲƪ,Է,ڶһֱֵ֮̽һ.û˶""
뱾о.ʿ¶Եʱʹõķз,ÿһĸֲͬĺ.ڡζѧж۹"".Ϊ""ֲͬ:һصģԵģ.뱶,Ǳİ,ǰı,Ǳ˴Եشڵ.ʿ»Ϊоͱоߡ֪ʶͱ֪ʶҲǱ˴ضڵ,뿪һνһ,뿪һҲνһ.
"""ȱʧ"."ȱʧ"ʿ³õ,ָԭȻأӦеĶ,ȴû."ܿ""ä","ä"Ӿȱʧ.صĲͬ.""Ȼе,"ȱʧ"
żȻԭɥʧ,ÿһ""Ȼ"ȱʧ"
ϵ.
෴.ȵ.
ģìܵ."ǰ׵""ⲻǰ׵","""".ָ:෴ĺìܵĶߵ,෴Ķ֮Դм״̬.г̶ȵĲͬ,ҲвƲĶ;ìܵĶ֮,ȴֻǷǴ˼,мĶ.ǰ׵,Ƿǰ׵,ǴڵľǷǴڵ.
ʿ½߸Ϊʽ߼"ì"ʱ,ָ
:ͬһ,ͬһʱͬһ,˵ǴַǴڵ.
""ļֺ,ԼЩ,ʿԼ˵ڸ˵Ҳͬ,ɼҲ֮̽,Ծ޸ԼĿ.˼ѧϵ,˵ʽϡʵǱܵȶǶ.Ϊûκι涨Ե,ûڵĶĶ,ʹ˱֤.
,оеı֤.ʿоķʵ,Ѱ̽ų򵥻Ķ.ʡĸֺ,Ϊ˵ʲô,˵ʲô.ڡζѧѧʮ,ǰ͵ʱ˼ʷܽ.Լ˼淽Щ,ᷨǽ𷽷,Ǳ֤.
,еı֤ʽ.ʿµġѧ֤ķ.˶仯ŵʵΪо.Ϊ뿪,ν˶.˶ʽ:ʵı仯λõƶ.仯ǴӴڵǴ,ߴӷǴڵ,ⲻǴеԵ,ߴӾԵ޵,ֻǴǱܵĴڵʵĴ.˶µĶ:˶ǴǱܵʵı仯,ҲΪǱʵ.ܹɵĶ,ܹ任ʡλõĶڱ任,˶.,˶һʵ,δɵʵ;ȫʵʱ,˶Ҳͽ.
Ҳӳı֤˼.ʿָ,Ҫѵ.ʱʼ,Ҳ޿ɷ,ĲҲ޾.ʶ,˵ﲻ޵,޵,ôʲô?ֻﱾ,ıĶ.ȻǲԵ,ֻܳ޵Ĵ.
ʿʱ.Ϊ,ʱһ֡"ȥ"Ѿڹ,ȴѲٴ;һ֡""д,δ.Ӧðʱ䵱һ˶ͱ仯,ʱ˶仯ֲͬ,仯п,ʱȴûп.ʱ,νʱ̶仯,ʱ䳤仯С.ʱȴʱ䱾,ɼʱ˶вͬ.ʱ˶ֲ,κһ˶Ժ,һʱһȥ.,ʿ˵,ʱ䲻˶,ʹ˶ΪԼĶ,ʱжϺ˶Ķ.ͬʱ,˶ʱ,˶,ꡢ¡աʱΪλ.
,ʱ˶໥.һдڶʱ,ﶼʱ,Ǳʱ,Ǻʱһ˶ͱ仯.ʿѾʱ˶ı֤ϵ:ʱ˶Ĵڷʽ,Ǽ˶ĵλ.
,ʿ¶˶ޡʱռⶼ˱֤ķ,˼ﵽ˹ϣѧĸ߷.
̽˶ʱ,˱֤.ǰᵽ,˶ԭǵһƶߡĶ.֮뷴̶֤,Ϊ˶ĸԴı,ǵ֮ȥԭ.
5ѧѧ˵ʿµѧѧ˵,͵ʱĿѧᷢչ˵,ɾѴﵽܸߵˮƽ,ۡ۵ڽ쿴һĿѧֵʶۼֵ.ܹﵽ˸ߵĳɾ,ԭ,Ҳп͹ԭ.ԭָѧ,̽,һڵ˵.͹ԭָʱ˼Ȼѧ.
ʿµѧѧ˵,̳ǰѧҵоɹ.˵,ǰ,ҪлЩǹ۵ͬ,ǶЩǳ˼,ҲҪǵĺô;ΪǵƬֻ˼ȵ,ںһ.
ѧ,ʱĲ,ѧĲͷչҪһĻ.˼άķչ,ѧĲ߱һĳ˼ά,ܶγĸʶΪ.ѧķչ֮,̳ǰ˵˼Ǳزٵ.ϣѧⲿ,ע̽ı,ΪĿĶƹŽ.ضȻԼɴγɵĺӰ,ʹϣѧγעȻ,ⲿ,Ƴ,Ӽ,¶Խ֪ܵʶĳ.׷֪ʶǻ,̽ԭڱǹϣѧҵĴͳ,ʿָⷽͻ,"Ұʦ,"һ˼ĵͱ.̽׷ʹϣѧ˻ɡкͳԽ,ѧǶǸԼоóԼĽ,ǲڴͳ,Ȩ,Ƴ³,㼺.ϣѧ֮ߵʿ,ǰ˵ĻγԼѧϵ,볬Խָ,̳кͷչǰ˵ĳɹ,ʹϣѧﵽǰδеĸ߶.
ʱȻѧķչʿѧϵγҲ˺ܴ.Ԫǰ5,ϣǰūƷչһʱ.žõķ,Ȼѧ,ѧѧҽѧѧѧҲõѸٷչ.ѧһΪ3658ʱ57,ϣ;ѧҵӿشԭ,ԭӵĲͬ˵ʵĹ.
ѧŷ˹о,˲ͨԼϵʽ;ҽѧϣо˲ѧҽ;ΪѪҺ,,ǵĽԪأˮ
ȷƽ,лԴѧ˵.ʿ¶һȤ,,˶о.ġռ˴,ȡҪɹ.ȻѧоʹʿѧڸߵĻϷչ.
ڰ·ѧ˵ѧеһ,òŵ;ʿѧʷϵһϵͳ̽ѧ,ķѧ˵ݷḻ,ѧ˼Ҫɲ.ͨ,Դһ̽ѧ˼,ʶѧ,Դܽ˼άչľѵ,ʶר½.
ѧʿ˼о,ܵĿǺ,䷶ѧ˵о͸,̸ѧ˼߼˼ʱ漰.۱֤˼άγɺķϵ˳,йѧ,1983꣩͡ʿ·ѧ˵ۡٿ,,1982꣩,رǺ,רо˷.¸йѧоɹʿµķѧ˵.
ǿ͹ıϵͷеķӳ,ʶе֧ŵͽ.˵:"ǰȻ֮.ܵ,ҰûаԼͬȻֿ,Ծֿ.
ֹеһЩС׶,ʶĹеһЩС׶,ǰʶȻ֮Ŧ."ʵ,ؽӴͬһ,˹ĳһԡϵȵȵķḻӡ,Ǿͷн͸,Ĺͬıϵ,γɸ,ڸĻϽ߼˼ά.,ǲſ̵ؽʾ͹Ĺ,ﵽгЧظĿ.ЩȽ̵ġȽձĸ,ͽ.
ʿѧʷѧĺ̽ѧ.Ȼûи¹,ļй,ǿԿķѧ˵ĺ.
1ĺʿ¶Էо,һҪǴ﷨޴ѧ.ڡƪһͷ﷨,ͬʡԼԱʵıʽʽ.ʺͱʵĹϵ,ѷֳ:һֻΪʲܳΪʵ,һΪʶ˵ģʵģ.֮Դ﷨ʺͱʵĹϵʾͲĺ,Ϊ:1﷨ǽ,ǶʶĿ,벻Ķ͸.¶ͱȻǣ浽﷨,Ϊӳﱾʵġձĸѧ,ȻҲͬ﷨ֱӷϵ.
2ʿµķѧ˵Ǵʽ߼ĽǶ,ʽ߼Ϊ,߼о˼ά̵ķ,﷨Ϊ:ѧʼǡ,ȫ38,,1960,90ҳ.
.3ʿµĻйɷеʱ,ʱϵһҪǷԹɵ,ɵַ֮һ﷨,,ǶǵĶ.һЩڲɵĻ.,Ȼغ﷨һ.
,ʿµ߼ֻΪ﷨,ǾƬ.
ʵ,ӦͿĹϵⷶ.ѷ뿴ǶԿ͹۴ڵĶ෽ʵһֹ涨,ȷر˷ʹڵĹϵ,벻˼άĲ,ǿ͹۴ﲻͬһַӳ涨.,ʿѾһ̶ϰѷͬۡʶ۽,Ȼ﷨Χ.
ʿӶԷо,Ϊһ̶ԼԼؿ˷ʶϵ.Ծ巶,ǿԿ,ѷ뿴ʶһ߼.ָ͹۴ŵ,ʽǶֶ,ͷ׵ǰ,ʶ,,ȱ뽫ֶΪ,ֻ,ʶ͹˳.ָ,Ҫͨӳﱾʵĸ,.
ʿ¶Է˷,ڡƪоʮ:ʵ塢ʡϵص㡢ʱ䡢̬״;ڡζѧ530ѧ,Ҳ30,Ȼеĺǰظ,ӶԷо,пԿ.Ϊ,ͨȥʶ,"ͺܽӽڼ".
Щ,ʿ¶ϵͳ̡оͷ.
"ʵ",γһ,ȷ滹Ǵ,ԺкܴӰ.ʿڡƪ,"ʵ"Ϊʮ֮,"ʵ"ͳ."ʽ"
ʿʹ㷺һԷ,Ϻʽ۹ᴩѧ֮,˼ռĵλ."˶"ʿȻѧζѧеҪ,Ϊֻо˶,ܵõȻѧ֪ʶ.ڵʱȻѧչˮƽ,˶һϵͳ."Ǳʵ"ʿ¶Կ͹Ĵں˶оһԷ.֮ǰĹϣѧҶûȷоԷ,ʿµһζԷ̽.ΪԷΪǱڵĶʵĶ,ЩǱڵĴ,ЩȫʵĴ.,ÿı仯,ǱڵĶΪʵĶ.ʿڡƪжԷзʱ,"ʺ"
Էڽ"ʵ"λ,ʺһֹ涨,ֱо."ʱռ"ʿڡѧ꾡̽ķ.ڡƪ͡ζѧ,"ϵ"һר,һֳر֤˼,һ̶ϿΪԵĶ,"ͱԲǾǴĻС,֮ΪĻСӦ˵һֱȽϵĽ".ƪһӳͨ"ϵ"
һʾʺ.ʿرӺоһԷ"ȻżȻ",Ϊ,ִЩĳֺʹǳȻ,ûֱȻ,Ͳܲʹ.ǿȻ,ǷżȻ,żȻǲڱȻ;,ı.""ʿڡƪһ,ڡζѧжദᵽ.һ,ʿܽȥѧҵѧ˵Ļ,оٳڹڶ,һͶࡢżͬ졢;ͰƺۡͳƺͶ,"оĶһſѧĹ".ζѧ"һ"ʿ϶һԷ,а̵мֵ˼.ԷʿµķռмҪĵλ,ǰͻ.ʿµķ֮Ժмֵ,һҪԭһ̶ȷؽ˸һĹϵ.,ڷбֳĶҡԺì,̶ܴҲΪԷŻɵ.Ҳ԰ʿ¹ڸһ,۵һܽ.
2ѧ˵ļֵʿµķѧ˵ݹ㷺,˼,Ҳ˵ǹϣܳѧҺѧ.
һѧѧ˵ϵĽ,ѧΪ,ѧ̳ͨǰ˻ԼĴķԼѧ۵.ʿµѧһϵѧɵϵ.Ҫѧϵ,ͱ˽ķ;˽ķ,˽ѧ֮ŵԿ,оʿµķѧ˵,۵,ѧʷ,ڸ˵"Ҫʿ,͵ʶЩ"
,˵ĺе.
ǶԿ͹ʶ,ɼ򵥵ӡ󵽱ʵĲϷչ,ÿǰһɷ̶.ʿ״˲µѧ,ϵͳ̵̽ѧݺʵ,Է˳,ⷴӳʶ,ʶʷϾش.ʿµһҪ.
벻ƾ,ʶ̵Ľ׶,ǰʶȻ֮Ŧ,о,ܽµķ,ʵϿɴ˶Կѧз,һЩѧƵо涨.
ʿ½ֹ.ó,ԹϣѧһֱĴڽ˷,Ϊ""иָ,ÿһ""ео,ɸŶѧ.˵,ѧоڱ,ѧƴӴ"ȡ"һ,о,,оĴڵ,ѧ;оҽƵĴڵ,ҽѧ;оԵĴڵ,޴ѧ;о߼ڵ,߼ѧ;оڵ´ڵ,עٺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,290ҳ.
ѧ;оδڵ,ѧЩо,ԳΪѧƵĴʼ.˵ķо,һҪķݷķ,ѧоĶ涨,׿гЧо,д,Ϊ±ľŲ.
ʿѧʷϵһѧ""ʲоѧ.Ȼ,ڵʱʷ,ʮȷ,¶,̽;,Է˽⻹кͲȷĵط,вȷ֮.ܵĿ,Ǵ,ѧʷϵһܱȵ.Ծ巶,ǿԿ:һ,ǴӷͿ͹Ĺϵʾʵʺ;ڶ,Է˽ǽڱ۵Ļ,ٵطҲ漰ʶ۵˼.ѷ뿴ǶԿ͹ĲͬĹ涨ͷӳ,ӶԷ,Է״εķ,о˲ٵľ巶.о˵Ϻ,ڶǧǰѴﵽڽ쿴൱ѧֵоˮƽ,ǲ׵,ɹ˾.˿˵,ʿ¶ԷԼ巶ݴжԵֺ̽ȡõĳɹ,ȷʶʷ,Źʵ.
ʿ°"ʵ"뿴ǶԿ͹۶ŵľһֹ涨,Ϊĸ.˵,Ϊʵ,붼ʵ,ʵ,"Ϊʵ֮,ûһķܶ,бķ붼Ϊֻʵı".ѧʵһзĻ,ǹᴩʿеһ.ָ,ʵκϡ1ڶ,2ʶĳ,3ʱϡǵһ.仰˼˵,ʵǶڵľ,һжԴڵĻ,һжʵʡϵ״̬ȷ,뿪ʵ,,ʶ͹ʱ,ʵ弴￪ʼ,ʶ޴̸.ʵǾġܶڵĶ,,һ,ո,ǰ,ʵ.ʵ֮,һʵ:ոĶ,Ƕ.""""֣,ʻ,Ҳʵ,ʵ岻Ǿġ,ǳġһ.,͵óʵ:ʵһʵ.Ѹ"һʵ",һʵΪ"ڶʵ".ڶʵ,ͽһ֤˸һԷ,ûиûһ,һ,һڸ֮,֮һĹ۵,϶ɺ۽.ڸһԷ,ѧǸ߶.
ʿ´ʵ۳,ϺʽԷ.ں˶Ļǰ,ʽʹ,ߵĽϹ,Ǽȶ໥ת.Ϊʽ뿪.
Է,˱֤,ѧչʷнϴ
Ӱ.
ʿ»ӷʵ塢ʵ͹۵Ĺϵ̽ͼٵ.ָ,ȸ涨,ν,ԲΪ,Ϊ.ν,Ϊ,ԲΪ.ٵĶǷϻ:˭ѷĶΪϵ,ϵĶΪǷ,ǾǼٵ;ѷĶΪǷ,ϵĶΪϵ,.˵Ҳȫ桢׼ȷ,˼Ҫȷٵı׼,˼Ͽ͹ʵ,͹һµ,ôǵĿжϾ;һµ,Ǽٵ.Ψ۵.˵,ճ,жϳ̫ӵ.˵ʯͷӲ,Ϊ˵Ӳ,Ӳ,Ϊ˵Ͽ͹;粻˵,ǾΥʵ,Ǽٶ.
ʿµķѧ˵нϸߵۼֵѧֵ,¼:߼ѧۺʶһµ˼ѿ.ѷ뿴ʽ߼涨,ͼһϵͳԿ͹Ķ෽ȫ߼涨,Ҳһǿķʹڵһ˼.߼ѧĽǶȽʾĺ,ҴӷͿ͹۴ڵĹϵ˽Ͱշݺʵ.
ͬʱ,ͼѷк˳ͬǶʶĳһ,"ʵ"ʮλ,ȷָʵ岻ʱϻʶ϶ǵһ.Ƿʶɵ,Ϊʶ͹ʱǴӸľ￪ʼ,Ҫʶʲô,Ȼʶĸص㡢.ʿ¸巶¶塢巶,Լ֮ϵʱ,Ǵʶ۵ĽǶȽз,еĵطúܵõ.
˱仯˶˼.ʿǹϣ꾡֤˶ѧ,֥ŵΪķ˶Ĵ۵,һ˶ϵ.;˵,˶޵,;˶˵,޵,.,ÿԼÿԷ֮,ʹ˶ŵĴлԼݺϵ.˶仯ϵϺʽǱܺʵм价,ָϵʽ,Ǳܵʵһֱ仯,̾˶.
,ϵ˼.ʿϸ˷֮Ľ,ͬʱҲǿ˸ַ֮ϵ.ڡϵһ,ʮȷر˹ڷϵԵ˼.ΪЩֻд໥ϵвͰ,ֻдȽϲ.С,ֻȽ,νС֮,ֻԵ,ֻһ˵,ڴС໹.СĶȡϵ,Ǵ;Ķȡϵ,С.
õϺʽҲ.߼ȶ໥.ϲ뿪ʽ,ʽ뿪һ,ΪʽĻ,ʽָֻ״̡խߵ͵,ָһ"".ߵԵ.κξԻĿǲԵ,һҪ
,һŵʱ,˵""Ͷ,վ,㻹˵""ʹ.˵,ʿµķѧ˵,,ҰǾ˼.Զǧǰ˼˵,֤˼,ȷʵܿɹ.
,෴߿ת˼.ʿΪ,ʵͻ־Ǵ෴ߣ,෴ߵ˫ܹת,С,С,û,ƶ,ʽȻ.ǱڵĶ,ʽƶ,ǱڵĶתΪʵĶ.ϵһʵﶼǴʽתγɵ.
Ȼ,ʿڷѧ˵бֳı֤˼,еĽΪ,еĻֻѿ,еĴڶҡ֮,,֤ԽԽ,Ҫ,뿪˱֤.
3ѧ˵Ĳʿµķѧ˵شֵ,ҲŻҺì,ʹ"ް취Ļ״̬".ϸһ,״żȻ.
ϺʽĹϵ,ʿµҪ۵ȷ,һڵĻ,Ϻʽͳһ;һΪֻһǱԡ,ֻʽžʵ.,ǰì֮,رǽһʱ,Ψ,ͼ,ߵһ.һϵһʵǵһλĶ,һжĻ,벻뿪ʵ;һΪһûϡ㲻ľʵ,һƶ.һƶʿͻصʦͼ.ĿҲʹʿҵԭ֮һ,Ȼһжǰźõ,Ŀĵ,ôȻżȻĹϵҲ޷ʵ.ѧĿʹʿ.
ʿ·ѧ˵ĻҺì,ΨۺζѧĴ,ԺѧȻѧķչкӰ."ռ"н˵,ܼϵͳ֮,ΪԺѧʥַĽ.ڽѧõ˵,̧ϵ۵ĵλ,ϵ,һϵ۰.,ѹ˿ѧķչ.ֱ15ѧ̫˵,Ʒͳ˼һǧĵ˵,ʹÿѧõ.ʿµĵһƶĿ,ΪԺѧƳ,Կѧ谭ø.
ʿΪʲôʼһؼΨۺͱ֤,Ϊʲôìܵ˼?ǿԴӼȥԭ.
һ,ʷԭ.֪,ʿǰͼѧ,ڰͼѧ԰ǰ20֮,ܰͼӰ첻˵,Ȼ,ץסҪ,վǲ׵.ǿ˹۵Ĳͬʱ,ҲҪע⵽˼ͬ.ʿµ"ʽ"Ͱͼ"",ͬһ,ͬһ.ͬ,ͼ""
ֻһն,ʿ¸"ʽ"ʵڵ.ʿ˰ͼΪڸ֮ڵĿ,"ʽ"ڸ֮.ʱҲ˵ʽԶ,ֻ˵˼пԽʽӾг,ʽ˵"ڶʵ",ֻ˼з,ʵϿԷ.,"һڸ֮","һڸ֮",ʿ¾˰ͼĴ,,ֻ,Ⲣδ,ֻȷ,ܱ֤һ̽.Ϊ,һ͸˭˭,˭˭.ΪܰͼѬյʿ,ѱ֤ͼһ.
ڶ,ѧˮƽԼ.ʿʱȻѧȻѴﵽ൱ĳɾ,Ͼǿѧͯ,ѧƵоոտʼ,Ȼ󻹵òѧĽ,²ڽ,,,ܲӰѧѧ˵.ϣ,ԶγɸʶΪ־Ĺϣѧ,ǽϣ񻰹ıʶ֮ϵ.ڹϣѧ֮ǰ,ϣ͹㷺й紴񻰴˵:ǻ,ӻзֻպʹ,պʹĺߵ,ǳ.һбʾŹϣ˵ֱʶ.ʶʷ,ʶͻ,ǽֱ۱ʶ֮ϵ.,ҲγĳЩѧʶ,չĳֿѧ,վһص.ѧ,ѧȻᷢ,ʿµķѧ˵""
Ӱ,ǲ.
,ʶԭ.ʿµķѧ˵ҪǴӱ,ͬʱҲ漰ʶ,Ĺ,ʱѱ۵һЩͬʶ۵ʶ̻,ͳǰìܺͻ,"ʵ",ǰͲһ.ڡƪ,˵ǵһʵ,һ""""ǵڶʵ.,硶ѧζѧ,Ϊһʽǵһʵ,ǵڶʵ.Ϊʲô仯?ڡƪ,ʿҪǴ߼Ͽ,ûзʲôɵ;ڡѧ,ʽ϶ɵ.ʽǡƪ˵"",""ĸ.ʽ϶.ﱾʵʽ,ٷȥ,ͻص˰ͼΨ.ʶ˵,˵ʶ̿Դһ㵽,ʶ̵͹ڵ,Ǿʹ.
߼ѧ,ʿµһ󹦼.ʽ߼еì,ĸ,ʹ.ìɷӳһ,ǳ˼ά,Ի,һձ,ʽ߼ìɴ͹ìܹ,޷ì˶,޷ȴֲڵı֤,"Ǿ,ֲܼ"ԭһ,һ,ɱڷѧ˵зӳζѧ۵.
֮,ʿµķѧ˵,ȷһ,,
вһ,ìܺͻ.ȻȷһҪ,ǾҪ϶Ĺ,ڵʱ,˷ḻķѧ˵,ȷʵֵô.,Ϊ˸õɼ.
ʿµķѧ˵ԺѧȻѧشӰ.¹ŵѧʼ˿Ǽʿ֮,ϵͳоѧ˵ѧ,Լķϵ.ʿµķѧ˵ҪǴӱ,͵ʱѧ˼뷢չѧҪй.Ǵʶ۳,ʶҪϵ.
һ̶ϲ˼άܶõ˼.ʿǰһ.µķϵʿ·ѧ˵˼.ʿ·ѧ˵ҲǺڸ֤ϵҪ˼Դ֮һ.ʿ¶ԺڸӰ,ںڸ෶ʿʹõ,ұݵ.ڸʦ,߶ʿ,"뵽ʵΧ͸,ǵɭڸ֮;󲿷ѧѧĻֺͲ,Ӧ鹦.ѿѧطֳΪһһϵǷʱ,ʿµѧͬʱҲ̵˼ĸ.ûԨ˼."ʿµķѧ˵,ºͺڸķչ,.
ھ߼ѧ˵ʿһд߼,Ҫǡۡ,ƪƪǰƪƪƪƪ.
ڡζѧѧ޴ѧ꡷ҲһЩ߼,˵һЩʧ.
ʿµ߼,ѧо߼˼ĳɹҲ϶,߼ʷѧʷר½,оѧ˼Ҳ̸߼˼,רŵ,·ġʿµ߼ѧ˵йѧ棩.
1۵߼ǹ˼άʽɵĿѧ,ожϺ໥ϵĹɡ,԰ȷ˼άʶ͹.ԶڹԪǰ7,Ŵйӡȡϣ˼Ҿойص߼.ʿµ߼оϵͳ,ѧ繫Ϊ߼ѧĴʼ.
ʿ´ʽ߼,Լûù"߼"һ.߼ſѧõ"""ǰ".
""һ,ָΪ۵ĸ,۷Ϊ,Ϊ.ַڽ߼.
ʿµ߼ѧո׺ͰͼⷽĳɹΪ.ͳʽ߼Ļ,ȷ,Ķ.
ڸƳʿµ߼ѧ:"Ǳ˳Ϊ߼ѧ֮;ʿ,߼ѧδйκνչ.ʿǵЩʽ,һǹڸ,һǹжϵ,һǹ,һ񻹱άŵѧ˵,ԺҲûлʲôѧķ.""߼ѧһĴ˵˼ͳƷ."Ӣѧضʿµ߼ѧҲ˳ֿ϶:"ʿµӰ಻ͬﶼǳ֮,߼Ϊ.ڹŴĩڵͼζѧϵĵλʱ,ʿѾ߼ǹϵȨ,ʼձֵλ.13,ѧζѧҲΪϵ.ոԺ,ϵĵλ󲿷ɥʧ,߼Ȼϵĵλ."ʿµ߼оЩʲô?֣Ļڡŷ߼ѧ˵ʷһָ:һ,ʿΪ߼оձԵĶ.,ձĶڸĶ֮,ѧĶǹձԵĶٺڸ:ѧʷ¼,2,ӡ,1960,366ҳ.
:ѧʷ,Ͼ,ӡ,1963,252ҳ.
,߼ѧҲоձԵĶ.
ڶ,߼оձйʽĶ.ʿΪ,߼ͬڹڱԭʵʿѧ,漰ʵ,漰֤Ϳѧ,۵,ʽĿѧ.ΪʽѧǾܵĿѧ.
,߼ѧһʽľܵĿѧ,ʿΪ,߼оҪݾ,Ϊо,о,о,ĿΪ֤.߼,һ,ѭ߼ìԭԭ.
߼ѧڿѧϵеλ,ǴӵµĿѧп,ʿ²δ.˵Ľ,߼Ƿ,ǹ,ۿѧ,˲ѧ.ⲻ˵߼岻,෴,Ϊߡ,ȱ.ʿ˵:"Щ˶ڱӦϵҲ۵ͼ,ȱ߼ѵ."ζѧ
ʿʮ߼,Ϊ߼ֻ֤ķ,Ҫ֪̽ʶʶ.˼άʽ͹ǿ͹֮ϵĹɵķӳ.,߼֤Ҫʽȷ,Ҫʵ.߼ѧ˵Ļȷ.߼ѧ,һѧ,ͼַͨ,ѿ͹۴ڵһзֳ,ȻʵĲͬ涨,Ϊַǻϵ.Դ,˳ֵĿ϶:",ÿһǹڱ֤."ʿ߼ѧеı֤˼Ҳı֤Ψһ,ǲ׵.˽ı֤˶,ʽ߼ìɿκ¶õľԹ,Ժع"ȴֲ"ı֤.Ȼ,Ƕܿ,ϾǶǧǰ,ڵʱʷ,µѧ˵,Ѿ˲Ĺ;֮ʽ߼ûиԵķչ,Ļ˼롢۵,Ȼǽʽ߼̿ʵ,ѧɾ͵,Žм?
2߼ѧʱ⡶ۡĿʿʹõ,ǵ˳ҲӳȺ,ɰ༭ɵ.
ۡǷȫʿ±˵Ʒ,ѧҲвͬĿ.ǰƪƪƪƪʿµԭѵõ.ƪ͡ƪǲʿ,˵һ.߼ѧжһΪƪľ󲿷ֵʿµƷûì,һֻɴƪ֣Ļ:ŷ߼ѧ˵ʷ,ɽѧ,1994,21ҳ.
:ѧʼǡ,ȫ,38,,1960,417ҳ.
ʿ֮.༭ʿİҲΪƪеĲ½Ǻ˼ӽȥ.Ϊ,ʹƪ͡ƪʿд,ЩƷѧ˵,Ҳʿµѧ˵.Ա롶ۡǿԵ.
ʿ߼,۸.֮Խܰı˳,Ϊǰո⡢һ˳е.Ҳ˴ʿµѧ˼뷢չЩ˳.ʹַʿдǵ¹ѧҮ.طˡζѧһ,ͨⲿв֮ͬ,ӳʿµĹ۵ķչ,Դ֡ζѧдڲͬʱ.одɡʿ¡һ飨1923꣩.ⲿ,ʾʿ˼루ȫѧ˵ķչ.Үѧ˹ַʿµ߼ѧ˵,дˡʿ߼޴ѧķչ1928꣩.ַǰʿµоΪʱ:ڰͼѧ԰ѧʱڡʱڡ˰ѧ԰ѧʱ.ⲻͬʱ˼ǲһ,ӳнвͬص.,ۡе,ͿԷǺʱ,еӦÿڰͼѧ԰,硶ƪ,еǸ,硶ǰƪ͡ƪ,еĿǵʱڵʱʿȫγԼһо,һоķḻ飩.
ִ߼ѧʿȡõ߼ɾͺ͸ֳ߼ˮƽĸߵ߼˳.ʿоרҡţѧ˹ԭ,ѧ֤,ΪƪǱȡƪƷ,۾:һ,о֤۵ġƪͰͼ˼άȽϽӽ;ڶ,ڡƪжֲ֤̽ڡƪֵ̽ĳ;,ڡƪ,""
㷺,ʾһ,ûڡƪеֽġԵ.˶˹ķ˲:ƪеĸ,Ҳͬһʱдɵ.ڡǰƪ11,ˡƪ֤,ƪ8ˡƪṩ.˵,ƪ8ǡƪ֮д,ǰ7ڡƪ֮ǰдɵ.ǰƪ,ǿ,˹ΪЩǺ˼ȥ,Ĺ۵Կǰƪڡƪ.
¹߼ѧҲ˹ġʽ߼Ϊ,׼Դȷۡǰ˳:һ,ûǰƪ̸۵,Щ۵;ڶ,Щûʹ߼,ϿʹЩ,ǽʱڵ;,з֤ļԽߺԽʽ,ʿԽڵ;,׼ķΧڴֳ׶,,ʿ
ʹĸʾд,ǵ߼ʹ.׼,ʿ߼Ⱥ˳:1"ʿµĵһ߼":ƪƪƪ;2
˺:ƪƪ2,ʿ￪ʼʽ;3ǰƪ1,ʱڽ"ʿµĵڶ߼";4,ǰƪ1822º͡ǰƪ2,"ʿµĵ߼".
,ɿһ֮.
Ҹоͬ,۲һ,Ҳһ֮.ۺϸ֮˵,¹ƺǿԵ:ƪƪʿ,߿ܸ硪Щ;ƪǡƪĵ9,Ҳ;Ȼǡƪ,ǡǰƪƪ.
оʿ߼ĳ,己֤.˳ӳʿ߼˼һչ.ڡƪ,оνʵĹϵ;ڡƪ,оʽ֮Ĺϵ;ڡǰƪ,оɵ.˵,ʿµ߼ϵƪΪ,Ϊɵ.,ȿɿʿȡõߵ߼ɾ,Ҳɿ߼˼ķչ.,ǿԴ˼뷢չ̿߼ѧһЩչ.
3ʿڡǰƪ˱ǧŵ,߼ҪĹ.۱ʽ߼زٵĻ,ʿ°оΪѧоһ׶.֮ǰ,ͼо""ķ,ⷽй,Ϊ۵ĳ,Ӱ쵽ʿ´.ԼҲ˵:"ֺñһ,ΪԤҪ֤Ķ,Ƴ۵Ը㷺Ķ."ǰƪҲ,ӰҲ,""ܲ,ѧ綼Ϊʿ״.˹˵,ȫʿ,ʾڰͼѳ,ǲʿϳֵ,Ҳûж̸һ,ڸ˵:"ʿǿ첢۵ĸʽνĵһ.ܺȷ,´ûڱ϶оɹ."ʿ¹۵,Ҫڡǰƪ,صϾ,еl7۵ֱ,822̽ģ̬,23ԺǶ۵Ĳ˵.۳Ϊ"",Ϊ"Ƿ".۵:ٲο·:ʿµ߼ѧ˵,йѧ,1991,78ҳ.
ٺڸ:С߼,,1954,364ҳ.
"һ֤,ֻҪȷĳЩ۶,ôĳЩǵԱȻشȷ۶Ƴ."ǰƪ,ָǰȻԵó۵˼άʽ.ʱ,ʿ漰ȻԵĹϵ,˵:"'Ȼ'ĺҪ.Ϊе۶ǱȻ,˵бȻĶ."ǰƪ"Ȼ",ʿ¿Ȼ.,۽ȻԵһ,ȻҪ,ɴ˵óʿֻ֪۶͵.ʵ,ʿѿһȻ۾Ĺϵ.Ŀȷ,ʽ߼ķչ,֤һ.
˼άʽ,ǰᡢСǰͽ.
ʿ°ΪΪ֤ߵ֤,ΪлȻ۶ֶεı֤ۺʹõı۵.˵,ۿ֤ͷĹ.ۿɷΪ:һ߼ʽΪ:"A˵еB,B˵еC,Aض˵еC."ڶıʽΪ:"BκCκһA,AκһC."ıʽ:"ACB,AȻĳЩB."ǰƪ
۵ǰἰۿԴʡģʽȥ.
,ȫƵġسƵġ֮.ȫָĳȫX,X;سĳһЩX,õ:"һ඼Ƕ","һЩǴ";ָĳڻXʱδָǷΪȫ򲿷ֵ.
,п϶֮.粻ǲ,γָ:ȫƿ϶:AB֮ȫ,ȫƷ:AB֮ȫ,سƿ϶:AһЩB,سƷ:AһЩB.ģʽ:AB,AȻB,AB.򵥵˵,BA,BضA,BA.ֱΪ"Ȼ","Ȼ","".
ڡǰƪ4ǲͬǰʽ,γ,ǽκһǰһܻý۵.ʿ°ǰϵֱʽ,ЩɳΪʡСʺд,:"AһB,BһC,AһC".дʾǳڶǰ֮ʡB;ָڽбġA;СڽбġC.ʼСǰиһ,ǰҲֳִ֮ΪǰἰСǰ,ǰἴʳߡAB,СǰἴСʳߡBC.һʽָڴǰĳд,Сǰд,"AB,BC,AC".
ڶʽ,ڴСǰ,дʶǱ,"MN,MP,NP".
ʽ,ڴСǰ,дʶǱ,"PS,RS,PһЩRͬһ".
ָʽʿʶ.ÿһʽвͬʽ,ǰʵĲͬ.Եһʽ˵,"AȫB,BȫC,AȫC",ǰȫƿ϶,һȫƿ϶Ĵǰسƿ϶Сǰһ,سƿ϶Ľ:AȫB,BһЩC,AһЩC.һ,ȫƿ϶֮ǰسƷ񶨵Сǰһ,ûн.˵,˲һЩ׵,޷õκζɫ֮Ĺϵ.ͬ,ڵڶʽ,ҲһЩЧʽ.ڵһʽȫƿ϶֮ǰἰسƷ֮Сǰһ޷,ڵڶʽ,һسƷ񶨵Ľ,:MȫN,MһЩP,NһЩP.۵ֵעľĴʼ.ϣѧѧһصע֤.ʿ֮ǰ˼Ƕ߼˼뵱Ȼûһ,繫Ԫǰ5ǰ4͵˼Ǿ߼ͬս,ͼġƪ̸˲ͬʽ֤,ʿ´Ӱͼ˲,ڴ֮ǰȷʵûһ˶֤ȡʽ꾡ձԵ˵.߼ѧ,ʿԶԶ˰ͼ.,ʿµ߼ѧʼ˵ĵλǲɵ.ܼ,Լǧһֱ߼ѧҹΪҪ֤͢.
ʿԼ۵Ҳܸ:"ÿ֤ÿۣۣƾ۹."ǰƪ˵,ÿֿܵ۶һΪʿ͵۵.,ʿºԼĽ,ʵΪһȱ߼ѧ.۵ȷ,,һʱ,ҲƵ,Կе.ΪԼʿµܽ͵.ɺܼ,۽жۻ֮,ߵȱǰߵĲ.
ѷ.˹ܹ:"ǰƪȷʵһŵƷ.ȻʿϵͳڴһЩڵѣԵڻȻжϵ,ҲһЩģ֮,Щڰ΢.ܵ˵,ǰƪ߼˼ķ,Ǿµġϵͳ;۾Ȼޱ;ﵽ̾Ϊֹĸˮƽ,ʹٱ߼,ҲȻܱƳΪһƵ߼."4֤ٲο:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,7679ҳ.
ѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,6364ҳ.
ǰƪҪ,ƪص֤.
ʿ˵:"ν֤,ָѧ֪ʶ."
"Ϊϵ֪ʶ󲻿,,֤ͨѧõ֪ʶбȻ.ǽһ֤ӵ֪ʶʱ,֤.,֤ǴǰбȻƳĽ."ƪ"֮Ҫ֤ǰ,Ϊ۸ձЩ.֤һ,һ۶֤."ǰƪɼ,ʿµ֤ɱȻǰó۵,й,һ֤.
ʿ°֤ĽṹΪҪ,˵:"֤Ҫ:l
д֤ĽۣǾĳֵԣ;2֤Ļ;3Եּ涨֤ʾ."һ֤ѧ漰Ҫ:壨о䱾Ե֣;Ϊ֤ĸνĹͬ;϶ֺ."ƪʿ߼Ҫ,۵ĸ߼ϵ.˵,ʿµ߼һ߼.ʮǿĹϵ,֤ǽѧ۵һֶ,Ҳǿ֤ж.˵,֤ǶĳĿѧ֤,,֤ĳĿѧʱ,ͬʱ֤Ŀѧ.,ǲ֤ܽ.Ϊ"֤ӵΪ֤,ѧͬ".ƪ
,֤ɿԽ;֤ڱ֮."ǲ֤дһתһ"."֤Ҫһתһ,Եͬһ̶ͬ.,תȻǲʵֵ"."һſѧⲻһſѧ֤,Ǵһֹϵ,һſѧһſѧ".
ƪʿǿָ֤ͬһѧڵ,Ϊ֤""ĺͳ.ʿµ֤ûȷͳ߼֤е"֤ʽ",ⲻ,Ϊ֤۵һ,רо.
ʿûר֤Ĺ,ֻЧ֤ʱӴһ.Ҫ:һ,֤ǰʵġҪġֱӵĺͲ֤.֤ǰ,"֪ʶ涨,ô,Ϊ֤֪ʶǰʵġҪġֱӵ,ڽȽ˽,ǽԭ."ƪԴ,˽һĽ:"ǰʵ,ΪڵεĶԽ߿ñǲ֪.Ǳġ֤,Ϊֻ֤֪ͨ;ڷżȻ֪֤ζžж֤.Ǳضԭ,Ǹ˽ĺȵ:ԭ,Ϊֻе֪һԭʱ,ǲ˸֪ʶ;ȵ,Ϊԭ;ȱ˽,Ϊǵĺ屻˽,ΪǱʶ
ڵ."ƪ
ڶ,ȷ֤"ѭ֤".˵:"֤ȵĺ͸Ϊ˽ǰ,ô֤Ȼͨѭ.Ϊͬһﲻͬʱֺͬһ,ڲͬ."νѭ֤:"AΪB֤,BΪC֤,CȻΪA֤.ַʽ֤,ǾͿƳͨA֤A."αѭ֤?˵粻ǰAΪϵĺͲ֤,Ʊصѭ֤.ƪ
,ȷ֤"ȡ۵".ȡ۵ֳ"ؤ".
"ؤ""δ֤ļٶ֤".ǰƪһ˵"δ֤۵ΪѾ֤,֤,Ϊ۵ȡ".ƪΪ,ȡ۵ؤǲȷ֤,"δ֤ļٶȥ֤,֤һʧ".ǰƪ
,ȷ֤޵.Ϊ,޵ǲʵ֤.ν޵,ָһǰᵽһǰ.ûйϵǰΪ,޵׷֮,Զò֤.֮Բȷ,"Ϊǲͨȵ֪ں,ȵǰ֮ϣһ,ȷ,Ϊһϵǲܵģ".ƪ,֤һȷϵǰ.
ʿ°֤ǶĹ,Ӷ˶ѧ˵.Ϊ,Ҫ"ĳʲô""ĳı".ڡƪ,ʿѭļ:1.Ӧʾ"ʲô";2.岻ɹ;3.,к첻ı;4.岻ӦǷ񶨵;5.ӦͨĶ¶,ñ߱¶,ֲ˵νӵ.ڡƪζѧҲϸ˹ڶ.
ʿ˵:"Ҫô֤ıԭ,Ҫôһͬʽ֤,Ҫô֤Ľ.""屻ΪǶʲôĽ,Ȼ,һඨǹƵĺĽ,ǹͬʡϰĽ.""һ,ΪҰ涨Ϊϲɷֵĵλ."ƪ"ǽʾﱾʵĶ."
ƪʿµĹ۵,ֵע:һǶǷӳﱾԲһʻ߼ʽ;һǶ֤йϵ,֤ǶԴﵽĹ,֤Ҫ֮һ,֤ǰ.֤Ҳ:"ʾ'ʲô',֤ȴ֤ʵһڻĳһ.",峣ȫƿ϶,֤ȥ.ƪ
ʿΪĻ:1.ʵʶ.Ԣй"֤"ο֣Ļ:ŷ߼ѧ˵ʷ,ɽѧ,1994,5860ҳ.
ʵĳ,԰׶Ϊ"е".2.ƶ.ǹĽ.3..ΪʲôڵĽ,˵,"Ϊ".ƪ
һΪ,֤ʿ߼ѧ˵ľ.˵Ҳ̫ȷ,Ϊ֤۵ԶԶʽ߼ķΧ.,ʿ¹֤˵ʽ߼,˵ڿѧ߼.֤ǹڿѧۺͿѧ,ڿѧ۵.ΪҪ֤۵ġƪ,̽˿ѧѧ۵.
һ,֣Ļڡŷ߼ѧ˵ʷй˵:ƪ֤ʱ,ͼѧ,ѧͬѧѧȽ.ʿͨȥ֪һĿѧԭ.˵:"֤ڻܵһн̵е֪ʶСѧ֪ʶԼһ˼ѧƶ˻õ;۵ĺ͹ɷ۱ʽҲ,Ϊÿһֶþ֪ʶԹ֪ʶ."
ƪɼ,ʿ֤ͨ,֪֪ʶʼ,ͨ۵ַ֤ﵽ֪.֤ı,ɼһʽ߼ķΧ.
ͬʱ,ʿ»֤̽ǰ.ΪΪ֤ǰʵġԭʼ,Ͳʽ߼ܽ,ǿѧ۱.ʿΪ,ǰ֮ϵ˳ǲ浹.֤,ضȴԭʼĶֲ֤Ķ,ֶʽ߼.ΪѰǰ,ƪעд,ΪǰҪ,ɾд.˹˵:"Ȼѧǰֱӵ,ôѧ֤ԱΪĹ,ϣСʺʹ֮ıҪд."ɼ,ڡƪ,ʿµдʵʾѧ֤ǰʵԺֱ,롶ǰƪ÷ͬ.
֤ζŰ˼ʵ,ڱһµ,Ҳͨ۵Ľṹ,ѧ۵,мʽ߼,Ҳзʽ߼.ʽ߼ǿѧ۵һ,ѧùʽǸ.
ʽ߼ǿѧ۵ಿ,߼ķʽ߼,ѧʵ.ʿµĿѧ۵ĸ:һǳ֤ͨ,ͨ,ֱ֪ͨʶ֪Ŀѧԭ.֤ͨ,ӵ֪Ŀѧ.Ϊѧ۵֤.,ѧ۲Ǵʽ߼,ʽ߼ֻһ,ҿѧǡƪ˵֤ʱ.,ʿµ֤۾Ͱ˱ʽ߼Ķ,ʵ漰ѧ۵.
ٲο֣Ļ:ŷ߼ѧ˵ʷ,ɽѧ,1994,6465ҳ.
5ìɺʿ߼ѧһҪǹ˼άɵѧ˵.˼άѭһЩձĹ.ʿؿ,ìɺ.õͬһɺͳ,ûȷ,ֻǵʾ.ʽ߼ʿѧ˼ѧ˵,ȷìΪʽ߼ɵԪԼԪ۳ѧ˵ͳΪѧ˵е󾫻.
ì.
ʿΪìǱ۵ĹɡڵĹɺĹ.ì:"ͬһͬһ²ͬʱֲͬһ.""ìŵĶ϶ͬһ˵ͬʱ."ζѧ˵Ĺ涨Ӧͬһ.˹Դ˽һ˵:"ìȱΪʽ:'ͬһԲͬʱͬһֲͬһ'.ɽҪѭ,ʮֿ͹۵سΪڵĹ."ʿΪ,Ϊڹɵìǿ͹ʵķӳ,ǵһλ,߼ɵ˼ѧ˼Ӱ.
ìͬʱ߼ĹɡĹ,Ҳ˵,һֹ˼άȷԵĹ.,˵÷ǳȷ:໥ìŵĶͬʱ,"ͬһ,໥ìܵⲻͬʱ,໥Ҳ"."ͬһ,໥ìܵĿ϶񶨲ͬʱ".ζѧ"෴,,Լһ϶һͳͬһ".ƪ"һʵжϻһʵì,һʵж෴".ǰƪ
Щ˵һ˼:߼˵໥ìܻ߷Եⲻͬʱ,бһ.ìҪΪ˱֤˼άȷ,һ߼Ĺ.ʿΪ,ĹɻڵĹ,ȻĹɻ߼Ĺ.ǰǺߵĿ͹ۻ,ǰ˼άڵķӳ.ǰ߾˺,ǰߵӰԼ.
,ìɻɱĹɡʶĹ.˹˵:"ΪڹɵìɵõĹ;Ϊͬͬʱͬһֲͬһ,ǽԵͬһʱͬһ,ǲܵ."ʿһ:"κһ˲ͬһֲ.""ͬһ˲ͬʱͬһֲ.""ͬʱ˵ͬһ˶ֲ."ζѧЩ˵ʶǶ˵ì,ʵ˵,һͬһͬʱֲ,ǲܵ,Ϊ͹۴ڲͬһͬһʱͬһֲ,ΪӳڹɵҲͲΪͬһֲ.,ʿ°ìɿ,ӵطӳʿµ
߼һʼ.
,ʿ»ìΪĹ.˵:"''ʾĳһ,ôǾͲ˵ֱʾ෴."
"϶ֱʾĳ,ôֺһͲȻϵ.""ͬһǶֲ,ǳ֮Ϊ''˳֮Ϊ''庬Ĵ֮,ز."ζѧ
ЩǴԵ˵κһֶȷĺ,Ȳòָͬͬһ,ҲͬһȥָƲͬ.κһֱȷ,ܳì.
.
ʿ¶ɵı:"ͬ,໥ìܵж֮䲻оӼĶ,ǶͬһͬһԿ϶.""ÿһض϶."ζѧ"еڻʱﶼ߱Ȼ,߲."ƪ
Щ˵κĿ϶,һ,."κ߿϶,߷,ô,϶񶨾ͲܶǼٵ."ζѧȻǴĻʶĽǶ˵.ҲΪĹɳ.˵:"˵'һ',ǶԵĻǲԵ,ô,ǵĶԷһش,ּһ,Ӧ'ǰ׵Ǵ'."
ζѧ
ǽʽ߼ĸ,ʿо,ìǻ.,һԭԭ"ͬһͬһ治ͬʱֲͬһ"ìܵԭ.Ϊԭ"ռ","һй","һԭ޿ԭ","پٳԭһԭ֤".ζѧʿµЩ֤ìɷλ,ǻԭ.һ,ΪɲìɵĽһչ˵.ìɱȻ·,Ҳ߼ì.˵,ì,Ҳͬʱ,ì,ҲȻų.,ΥìҪ,һﶼ,ָںϵȷ,Ҫì."''''ȷ,,ÿһｫ'˶ֲ'."ζѧʿ߼ʷϵһʽ߼ѧ,ʶҲǵһ߼͵Ĵ,ǵһʹʽ߼ΪһΪĶѧ.Ϊ߼ѧĴʼ,ǡ.
ʿµ߼ѧϵ,ìΪ,֤,ȷõʽ߼.ѧĿ.
Ȼ,ʿµ߼ѧȱ,ʽ߼,ҲТٲο׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,162ҳ;֣Ļ:ŷ߼ѧ˵ʷ,ɽѧ,1994,7784ҳ.
ûֵ̽.,Ҳ,οʽ߼ȱǷ.ָ,Ϊ˸õطչ.
ʮѧ˵½ܵʿоѧִѧȫͬ.
ִѧȻѧһ,о˶һĹɺʵĻṹ.ѧ֪ʶͷѳΪȻѧźĻ,֧,ѧѧѧѧѧѧԭѧԭӺѧѧ,ſѧķչڸӦ,γԵѧ,չһЩ˼.
ڽ,һᵽѧ,ǺȻؾ뵽ЩҪļ˼.ʿµѧûô,ѧͨ,ʱѧȻѧ.
ʿµѧоΧ㷺,յؽ,޻ﵽл,漰.оѧ˵ʱ,ղһ,Ͷ.еİѧΧ,еʱ漰Ȼѧ඼,ѧѧԲѧĶһһ,ͬʱ,ѧ۵ѧ˼һ.ʵ,о,е,ʿѧ˼ʵ.ΪѧΪȻĽ͡ѰȻһ,ѧΪԭѧ˵,ѧĶ涨Ϊоһпɷġ˶Ĵ.ζѧҪоһȻ.
Ȼ,Դϣ"",ȻȻ,ԼĶ.ʿ½˵:"ȻΪԵĶ,֮ԱƶʹھֹһԴԭ.ǽ,ǽһ,˶;ֹ."ѧһȻﶼһ˶;ֹĸԴ.ָԴ,"Ȼ".ȻԶеĸֱʽɽ"Ȼ".
1˶ʿ˵:"ȻȻ˶ͱ仯ĸԴ,ѧоǹȻ,˱˽ʲô˶."ѧȻѧĶ˶ͱ仯ŵɵ.ʿµǰǶԱ仯ĽͶ̫,Ϊ仯ʵıʵ;ΪڲܴӷǴв,񶨸ֱ仯Ŀ;ͼճ仯ŵ粻ܳΪѧ֪ʶĶ,ֲǾĶ.ʿǰʶĻ,ݹ۲о,˶.
ʿΪ,˶仯ɲ.һǻ,"ڸı仯ﶼضһ仯Ļ,仯".ѧᴩ仯.ȱʧ,ڱ仯֮ǰ,仯ٴڵĶ.ʽ,ȱʧ,仯ǰڶ仯ϵĶ.ν仯,ǻʧȥԭ΢ٲμ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,163ҳ.
ʽһµʽ.,ûн˱н,ǹᴩʼյ.ȴʧȥ"ûн"ʽ,"н"
ʽ.,һ±,ǹᴩʼյ,,ʧ"""",ԭʣŵ,仯󲻴,仯ǰڵڱ仯ʣ.,"ȱʧ"ʽ˵൱ڷǴ,˵ԴڷǴڢ.
ʿµ˶,ȷһ,Ҳвȷĵط.ȷһ,Ϊ˶뿪,"ûʲô֮˶".
ѧ"뿪ڵ˶ûе".ζѧ˶:ʵı仯ʵı仯ı仯صı仯.ʵı仯ǲɺͻ,һɻ,ֱ仯ͳ;ʵı仯Ǹı,һƻ,ʾ͸ı;ı仯ӻ,,˶;صı仯ƶλ.˵,ν˶,ʵ塢ʡصĳֱ䶯,뿪ĸ̸˶,˵.ʿ˵:"˶ͱ仯ָЩ֮κζ˶ͱ仯,Ϊ֮ⲢκαĶ.""˶,˵,˶Ķ˶һԵʵֹ."ѧܼ,ûܹ˶Ķ,Ͳ˶;ûпȼ,ȼչ!,"˶˶Ķ֮".ζѧֽ˵,˶ԭȻ,Ȼ˶仯ĸԴ,˵˶벻Ȼ.
ʿ˶۴һǲ˶Լ˶ĵ.,˶һﵽһ,˶ʸѿ,Ϊʱ˶,ʱ˶.˶Լ˶,˶ĸԭﱾì,˵ش"Ϊʲô˶"ʱ,ʹΪ֮һƶ˶Ķ,һһ,"һƶ",Ϊ˶ܶԭ.
дʶһ,վѧʷϵһ˶зĿѧ.ķ෨̸ʵ塢ʡص˶仯.ַ಻ƾ,Ҳƴն,Ϊ""ж,˶仯ж.ַ,ûа˶仯ֻΪеλƶ,ǿֶ˶̬,ͬʱ˶Ǹ,ⶼ˱֤˼.ķҲһֲ²,һ̶Ϸӳоˮƽͽ.Ӧ˵,͵ʱĿѧչˮƽ˵,˶ķ,Ѵﵽ൱걸ĳ̶,Ҳ˵ǹϣ˶۵ĸ߷.˵,ʾǳֿ϶ķ෨,Ҳķȫѧ.˵ҪʷĹ۵㿴,ҪվڿѧʷĽǶȷ,ʷϵĿѧɾӦеλ.
ʿ˶̽ʱͿռ.ѿռ䷽ˢٲμ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,163164ҳ.
λƣ˶.ռʴڵһֿ͹ʽ,ɳȡȡ߶ȱֳ,ʵǰΧڲ.һ嶼пռ.ھ嶼б߽,ڿռ޵.
ʱҲʴڵһֿ͹ʽ,ɹȥڡδɵ಻ϵϵͳ,˶仯Եı.ʱǼ˶ĳ߶,˶ͱ仯,뿪,Ҳ˵ʲôʱ,ͨ˶ʱ.ʱԶڵ,ǹȥʱյ,ǽʱ,κһ¼,ǰ׷ݶ,ܻб¼,ܲʱ"";,ܻб¼Ҫ,ܲʱ"յ".ʿڡζѧ֤ʱ:˵ʱɵ,Ӧóʱ֮ǰûʱ,ʵϲ,"ڴ֮ǰ"ʱ,ʱ䲻"",ȻͲ"ڴ֮ǰ""ڴ֮"
.ʿ´ʱ̽˶.Ϊ˶޿ʼ֮ʱֹ֮,Ϊĳʱǿʼ,˵һ˶仯̵Ĵ;˶ĳʱֹͣ,ػһ˶̵Ĵ.,˶ֻ޵,"˶ǲֹܲͣڵ".ζѧ
ǳ̸ľ˶Ծֹϵ,ʿҲֵ̽,۵ȷ,ȥͲȷ.
ʿָ˶,оֹ,˶;ֹ״̬,˶;ֹͬһԴ:Ȼ.˵Ȼÿһڲһ˶;ֹĸԴ,ѧоһ.ϼ,"һнԶ""һнԾ"Ĺ۵.˵ΪһжǾֹ,ôһжԶ,ԶǼٵ,,,ޱ仯.˵,ʵϲ.зζ˵:ְһжɾֹ,Լڲϵر䶯,ԭ,,ٹһʱֽ.
ô˵һжǾֹ?Ϊһжڱ䶯,ûоֹʱ,Ͼûһʵڵ,һжα.ɼֿǲȷ.ֻб䶯ʱ,оֹʱ.ͼԴ˷ֹ۵Ƭ,߽,ֶ־,ܽͺ˵ĸ.
,Ĺ۵㻹ȱ֤.֤Ψ,˶ʴڵʽ,ûʶ˶ʵĸ,ʶ˶;ֹı֤ϵ.˶;ֹǾԶ;ųĶ.˵:"ֹ˶෴,Ծֹض˶ɥʧ."
ζѧ"ֹĶضǰѾڱ仯:Ϊضйĳʹֹԭ,Ϊֹ˶ɥʧ.""ֻһֲ,ǲ'ֹ',Ϊֹ˶෴,Ծֹǰ˶˶ķ."ѧ˵˶뾲ֹ໥ת,ʶ˶ǾԵ,ֹԵ,ֹҲ˶һʽ.˶;ֹǾԶų,һ˶Ͳھֹ,ֹͲ˶,ֹ˶ɥʧ
ͷ.˶뾲ֹı֤ϵ,԰"һнԶ"ȷ۵,ͬ"һнԾ"Ĺ۵һ֮Ϊ"".֮,,ҪôǶ,ҪôǾ,жûо,оûж,뾲Բܹһ֮.˵,˵һһʱ侲ֹ,һʱ˶,ûһ""""Ķ,ǲܵ,˼."ǱʹǣָһнԶĹ۵㣩
:ȫޱ䶯.ʵЩȴֲڵ,Ҫɴ,˵һж˶,˵һжھֹ,ΪѾ߱һ,ôҲûб仯."ζѧ,ʿ˳һ㾲ֹĶĵ·,仰˵,Ѱ"һƶ"˼뵼ȻһԲľ.
˶;ֹѿ,ҲͱȻԺع,"ȴֲ".,˵˶ĸԴڲì."ͬһ,ͬһʱ,ͬһ,ֲͬһ",ʽ߼ȷ,ìҪ,һ۵õѧ,˶;ֹĹϵ,Ǿʹ.ص,˵˶,ȫȷ,ϱ֤.ʿ¼۵,ʶ,Ǹ۵.ʿΪ,簴պص˵ȥ˶,һؽҳһ,ޱ,Ƿǲ,"ʵϲ˵Ҳ˵κο˵.","κ˶ͬһȴֲ,Ϊŵ".ζѧʿ˵ͬһʱͬһ²ֲܼǵԭ,ֻʽ߼вȷ,ì.Ϊһ˼ά,һΧǱص;Χ,˵һձõԭ,صԭ,Ǵ,ʵк,ڿѧΥ.˹˵:ζѧ,"Ǿ,ǾͲ;,ǹ.ǿ,һҪô,ҪôͲ;ͬ,һﲻͬʱԼǱĶ.͸ǾԻų;ԭͽҲͬǴڹ̶໥.,˼άʽ˵ƺǼΪȡ,ΪǺϺνʶ.Ȼ,ʶԼճΧȻǼ𾴵Ķ,һо,ͻ˵ı."ٶ˹λʺ϶ʿ´ʶ.Ϊʿµԭ,ֻӳԾֹһ,ûзӳı䶯ԼìԵȫ.ص"ȴֲ"Ǳ֤ı.
Ȼ,,ʿ¹˶뾲ֹȷԵһ,صı֤Ϊر֤ҲԡƬԵһ.ʿ·Ժص,Ҳк."ȴֲ""Ǽֲ̤̤ͬٶ˹:ۡ,˼˹ѡ,3,,1972,61ҳ.
ĺ",Ϊ֤.Ҳܲ,Ծֹ,ûǿ,ʹֻ.ǹȻܿˡñ֤ΨΨ֤걸ȥ,Ļ,пִֹܳ.ָ䲻㡢ȱ,ʮֱҪ.ֻ˶۵,˶뾲ֹͳһȥ,˵Ծֹ,еҲѧĽ,ȫʶ,ֲִڵ˼Ҳȫ,ϵƫ.ͬʱ,Ҳױζѧ.¡֥ŵ˷ԺԶ˼,˶,ֹ,˵ץס˺ص˶ϵĲ©.,ʿµķȫ,л,Էչ֤.
ʿ·Ժ"ȴֲ"Ļһ,:һ,ǿʵȶ.ﱾʺʶ,ʵ,ͷֲ,ǵǷǲ塢.ⷽ,ʿкܶྫ,:"ϵ,ʹϿϢ,ҲûΪϲֳܱ̬."ζѧ,ǿʵȶ.ڶ,ҪסʵĹ涨.ʶӺοʼ?˵,ʶ,ȿо֮Ŀ͹,ǵʶ,ʶֻ˶ֹ,Ǿ̸ʶ,,ԾֹʶĻǰ.˵:"ˮûһ˲ֹϢ,ҪԴʶǲܵ.""ΪһﶼǱ䶯ֹ,ûһܱͬ״̬,ĹΪжĻ,ǻ.̽Աֳ̬ܱ䶯￪ʼ."ζѧⶼǽʵĹ涨,,,ĺҪȷ.Ϊ,⡢ĺȷ,ۺ˼Ҫ,Ȼ,ѭ,ʲôҲ۲,޷ж.
˶,ʿͬһЩ̵ļ,ʶʷҲ˶صĹ.,رѧ˼롢߼ѧ˵,ƺѷɫһЩ.Ϊ˶忴,ͣڶ˶һЩʶ,ûнʾ˶ĸԭڲì,ⷽǰغ͵ӿ.ԭ,ʽ߼ìȥһ,ìɵ͹ձ,Ե,ƫȫ,ǻڿѧ·.ѧϡ,κһ㲻ǡĿ,ʹ뿪ȷĺ.ǲ,Ȼ䲻,ڿѧչ,̽.
2˵˶仯ԭ,ֻ˽Щԭ,ʶˢٱڲμ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,,1990,164165ҳ;:ʿ¹ڱѧ˵,,1982,7475ҳ;ٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982,6271ҳ.
.ʿ˵:",ӦԼÿһȻ仯ȥǵĻԭ,Աǵÿһ."ѧΪ˶仯ԭĸ,˵.
ĸԭ:1..ָﹹ,,췿õשľ,õͭʯ.˶仯ʼմŵ.2.ʽ,༴ıʺڽṹ,ʲôʽԭ,һ֮ԳΪĸ.3..ָԲͱ仯ƶ,ֻͭĳ²Żɵ.һ˵,ǱߵĶ,ǱߵĶ.4.Ŀ.ָγҪﵽĿ,仯ŵָĿ.,ɢΪ˽.κһı仯Ȼ漰ĸԭ,ʽԭ,Ƿ仯ԭ,ĿǱ仯̵ռĿ.
ľ,һı仯˵,ԸǷΪ.γɷӵĸԭ:һ,ǷҪשľʯ,ǽ췿ӵ,;ڶ,޽ʲôķ,ҪȰͼƳ,ͼǷ,ֻǷӵʽ,ʽ;,שľʯϺͼʽ,Ҫɽʦ͹ϰʽȥӪ췿,ʹϷʽĶ,Ϊ;,Ҫ;,סѷŶֿ,,ҪĿ,Ŀ.ԭ,κβ,ͷһ,ϡʽĿԭ.
ԭ֮Ĺϵ?ǲȫֿ,,ʽ򡢶Ŀͳһ,ʿΪ˵.
֮,һ,Ϊص,Щصʹ,Щص"ʽ".ʽ?ӳ.ҪʹԼ,˵ȡʽҪ׷Ŀ.ΪҪﵽĿ,ѿ.˵,ʽҲʹĶ.
ɼ,ʽ֮Ѿ˶Ŀ.潲ĸǷ,Ҳ.
ӵͼʽ,Ŀͼзӳ,Ҫǳķ,ҪȥŬӪ,,ʽа˶Ŀ.
һ,ԹΪʽ.
֮̽Ĺϵ֮,Ҫȷ˶仯.Ĳ˶仯ϵһ,ʿΪз.ӷ,˵,ڳ֮ǰ,ѾǱ֮.˵,֮аſԳĿ.ֿԾ"Ǳ".ӳ֮,ԭֻǿԵͱʵ,Ǳܱʵ.Ǳܱʵһ.̾˶仯.˶仯ǴӲͬ.,ӵʽ,ӵ,"Ǳ"ʵĹ,ͬʱҲʽĹ.,˶仯ϵʽ.Ϊ˵һ,ʿõĿ̵Ϊһ
.˵,ôʯ̳,ʯǵ.ûе̳֮ǰ,ʯֻгΪǱܻ,̳,ʯϲȡ˵ʽ,ֿҲͱʵ.ӴʯɵĹ,˶仯.
һﶼв,νʽǱʵ.,˶仯.
˶仯˵,һ,Ӳ,ɴʯ.Ȼ,ǾͲֻоһ,Ҫо֮Ĺϵ.һϺʽ;֮ҲϺʽĹϵ.ϺʽԶԵ,ǾԵ,һ϶Խϸһʽ,Խϵһʽ,,שͷǷӵ,שͷϹɵʽ;שͷ˵,ʽ,שͷ.ϵһﶼ.һǸһ,һǵһʽ.͹֮䰴Ϻʽĵͼ߼.в޾,߲,Ͳ.ͲǲܳΪʽ"",߲ûϵ"ʽ"."ʽ"Ϊû,Բʵ,Ǵ.
ʿµʽ,ڵڰרŵĽ,֪Ҫ.ͬʱҲָŴ,ѱֻ˲žе"Ŀ",õһ."Ŀ"
Ϊʱ,Ϊڽѧ,Ϊѧչ,ӰǲС."Ŀ"ںܳһʱ,֧Ȼѧ.
˵,"ȻĿ֮",Ŀ"ﵽõ","ʹÿһﾡ",Ȼûж,ûͽȻ,ҲûвƵ,һС,΢,Ҳĳ.
˵,ȻĹ۲ɿ,İ,Ĵ,۴С,Ŀ.,ǱȻĿĻƹһڵĺĿĵĻ,ܹ֮ڻ,Ȼʧ,еĶĿ֮.øķ,ÿ˶ܿĢ.
ô˵,,ǿѧĽ,ʶ.Щѧ߶Դ˱Ƚϸ˵,ٿͺܳ,һ.
ʿͼȫ̽ͱ仯ԭ.
,̩˹ˮ,ǿ,Ż,ˮԪ,ǰʣϣٲμ:ϣѧҵĹ¡,й,1984,137140ҳ;ٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982,5561ҳ;л:һٸѧҡ,,1986,6567ҳ;:ѧҽܡ,,1986,77ҳ;ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,193194ҳ.
ںͱ仯ԭ,ⶼǴӱϿ.ǲֽ,Ϊ仯ԭ򿴼,ȻǵĽͶ˵һ,ܽһͨ,ԶԶ.ԭʣϣʹԼݱ,ľĲѱɴ,ͭԼ.˵,"κδԪʹʹ,¶ƺԭ,ҲܰЩ˼仯".ζѧ,ΪЩ˼,ܵʱ:ʱѧʱ,ſѧ֪ʶոտʼ,ӤѧĽ׶.ʱĽ,ѧķ,չǵ۽,ǲһԪ˵Ĳͱ仯,һоԭ.˵,Ϊ̽,ע֮,ӦѰԭ,ȫо仯֮.ڴ,ʿ¾о,Ӧʽ򡢶Ŀȥ仯ԭ.ɴ˿Կ,ʿµ˵,һǼ̳˹ϣһЩѧҵ˼,Ϊں˶ԭ;һΪ˽һȫ̽ʶںͱ仯"Ե",ͼ""˵ͽɺͱ仯ĸ,Կ˷ǰЩ˼ҵ"Ƭ"Ͳ.ڼ̳ΪȷĶ֮,ΪǴĶ,۾еĹ۵.ָ,ϴ˹ѧ"ΪʹΪȻ֮ԭ,裨",ʮִ,Ϊ"ܳΪԭ","һ,ɳλɵ,Ȳ,಻ǹʽʽ,Чԭ,ȻҲļԭ".ζѧʹ˶,˵л.
һо,ʿΪʽ׷Ŀ,ƶ,ԶĿɹʽ.Ϊ,ʽ.
Ϻʽѧ˵,ѧо,۹״,ӰҲ.
,Ϻʽǹﲻȱٵ.
ʿΪ,ǹĶ,ˮľʯשߡͭ.һдŵﶼ벻,һγȱ߱һ,Ʃͭͭɵ,ɵ,ûͭ첻ͭ.Ȼ"Զ","ȻΪȻ,Ϊ,ɾȻ"."һпɸоʵ嶼"."һΪڶ,".ζѧʿ,ѧڰͼ۵һҪ־.
ʿΪ,Ϊ"ײ",ڱĶ,ȴҪ.˵:"˵'ײ',Ķ,һν,ԼǱν."ζѧײ,֮,Ȼʵ.,ʵȶ˵ϵ,ȴ˵ʵȵ.˵,
һǽһбʣָʽԶȥԺ,ȷ˵һĳĶȥԺ,ʣµĶֻ.˵,"ײ""Ȳ,Ҳĳһȶ,ҲǾȷԵĶ".ζѧ,ǿԿ,ʿ˵,"һʡձ"ѿ,̽""ʷоҪһ.
һһԶȥʣµĶ,ôܳΪ?ʿ˵,ϻܹ,ʽ,԰ɫ״ӲǡɳԵ,ͳΪһ;Իɫһ,ͳΪһŽ.
˵,Ϻʽ,γ.ΪϲܲĲ,ʽ.ɼ,ʿ˵ʽҪָһܳΪĶ,һĶ.ʱҲʽ״ģ,ʱʽ״ģͬʱ.̸ʽĹϵʱָ,ʽҲΪ״Ķ,ﲻͬ״ģ,Ȼĳ,״ģ,ͲܳΪ.
֮,ʿر:еϺʽнһ,ʽ벻,Ҳ벻ʽ.Ĺ۵,Ծ"ʽ"չĹ,ΪͼΨͬ,͹һЩ.
ڶ,Ϻʽеĵλǲͬ.
ʿ¿,ϺʽȻͳһ,ߵĵλǲͬ.Ϊ,Ϻʽɵ,еʽ,еʽ,ɵ͵ߵĲͬȼ.޻Ǵе²,ռԵ.޻ֲ֮,ֲ֮Ƕ,ϵߵĴھ.Ϻʽ,ʽռžԵ.һﶼϵسŸ߼ʽչ.Ϊ,֮Դںͷչ,ȡ,ȡʽ;ʽںͷչõĶ,ı.ΪǱڵĶ,ʽʵĶ.һ۵ǹᴩʿϺʽѧ˵еҪ˼.
Ϊʵʽ,Ҳںͷչĸԭ.ʿ°ѶĿʽ,óʽǻܶ,Ľ,ʽƶʹǱڵϱʵ.ΪʲôשľʯܳΪ?ԭʽǱ,"ʽ,ʹϵԳΪĳЩȷ".ζѧ
ʿ´һֽһƳ:ʽǿ͹۴ڵľ,ʵ,ʽȻ.ʱʽʡʵ忴ͬһ.ǰ,ʹ.Ϊʽ,ʽһо.ϵʽ,ûϵʽ,,"ĵһƶ".
ʿµ˵,гɼд,˵ʽϲ,ǻʱ,ȷ;ʽüԿ,ʱ,ǴĢ.
3ʱչڵһڡ˶ۡ,Ǵʱ˶ĹϵĽǶᵽʿµʱչ.ѧк꾡ʱ,̸۵Ļ,ٽϸطһʱչ۵.
ۼʿʱչ۵²,ǻԡʿ·ѧ˵ۡейΪ,ܡʿµĹ۵.
ʿºʱ˶Ĺϵ,Ϊʱ˶ϵź,ʱ䲻ϵ˶,޷ȷ.˵û˶ûʱ,һб䶯ʱб䶯.ʱ,ʿòǺ,ƺʱǸоĲ,⵱Ȼ.ĳΪ˵ʱ벻˶,Ӧ˶ʱϵȥʱʵ.
ǿʱ벻˶,ʱ˶һ,ʱ䲻˶,:һ,˶ͱ仯Ƿһ˶ͱ仯ŵĶ,˶ͱ仯ڵĵط,ʱȴ,.ڶ,˶п,ʱ,ΪǶʱĹ涨,˵,ָʱ˶,ָʱ˶,ʱ䲻ʱ涨,ʱ䲻˶.ѧ
ʱ˶ϵһʱ,óʱԺͿɷ˼.ر"".ΪʱȺ""м价.Ǵ˶ʱ,ôʱǷΪ"ȥ""""",һʱ̽һʱ̵ؼȥ,ʱм䶼ضһʱΪ"","""".ʱԺͿɷ.
˼ֿݳ.ڡѧ81,ʱ"ɲ"۵,ʱ벻"ɲ",ʱλ"ɲ"֮Ķ,"Ȼʱ뿪ɲǾͲܴҲ,ɲһе,ʵһһյ,δʱ͹ȥʱյ,ԿԶ϶,ʱضԶе;Ϊȡһιȥʱ,ĩҲضһɲ,Ϊ˵,ʱ˰ɲ֮,ĽӴ.,Ȼɲһһյ,߱ضԶʱ."ɴ˿ɵóʱ޵Ľ.
"ռ",ʿҲ̵.Ϊ,"ռ"
ѧоҪ,Ϊѧǹ˶ѧ˵,˶ڿռı仯.ʲôǿռ?ʿڻشʱ涨.ָ:ռ䲻,Ϊÿ嶼г,ռȴ;ռĻ,ͬĢٲμٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982,5461ҳ.
ռ,ǾͲ.ռҲ,Ϊûʲôɵ;ռҲʽĿ,Ϊռ䲢ƶŵ.ռƽһ,һ,İ.Ľ:ռڻ˶ķΧ,ڰ뱻ݵм,֮.ֶͽǴռϵĽǶ̽,˵ûе,ѧ.ñ֤ΨĹ۵˵,ռʱһ,ʴڵʽ.
ʿڿ϶ʱʱ,Ϊռ޵.˵,ʹɵ,ʶ,""""֮,ûҲκ."֮,ûпռ,Ҳû,ûʱ".졷
ʱǹŴѧҺѧ۲ݵ.˵Ĺ۵Ǵ,ʿ¾Ҳвȷ֮,ȷ֮ǽ϶,رǶ֥ŵ˶۵,Ա֤ķչҪ.֥ŵĴǿʱͿռĿɷԣԣ,ĨɷʱͿռĲɷԣԣ,ԾԻ,Ӷ˶ʵ.ʿ´ϽӴʱͿռļԺͲ,ʶ˶ı.˵:"˶ǣʱͿռģ루ʱͿռģ
Եͳһ."ٶǧǰʿ¶ʶһԭ,ڵʱ˲,ƶǵʶл,ʶʷϵǱ϶Ģ.
:ڸѧʷ¼һժҪ,ȫ38,,1960,283ҳ.
ٲμٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982,8595ҳ.
ʮһѧ˵ʿ¿ɳƵǿѧ޽.˵ѧо̾,ôȻѧоͬʹ˳羴.оʿµѧǶ˵Ȥ㷺,漰ʱһ,ÿſѧжļ,ѧƵĴʼ,ǲܵȥҽѧ.Ӧ˵,ſѧķɿ췢չ,Ĵ󲿷ֹ۵㶼ѹʱ,ֻпѧʷļֵ.Ϊѧչһ׶,ɾǲĨɷ.Ȼѧѧ˵,˵һ,ѧ,Զڵѧѧѧѧ,Ǹӽѧ,˵ѧ.ʿ¿ѧѧ˵տѧ֮Ĺϵ,ζļ:ʿµһЩ,"Խѧ۹⿴,мûһ仰ǿԽܵ",ǻо,Ϊ"Ӱ",ЩʾǴЩ"",ҪĹ۵,ͱ˽ʱ.ʿʱǿѧչͯʱ,ѧƷֻô,ӳ˵ʱĿѧˮƽ,ۻӡ۵㲻.˵,Ȼѧѧ˵ȷֵо.
ʿѧѧѧѧѧѧ̽,˴Ĺ۲첢ռ,,ѧɾ͸ͻ.ǽѧо֮,ڶѧѧо.ն˵,ʿ൱ľ"ло,ȻΪһĿ,ùȻѧҺҽѧҵоɹ,ȷ˵ӿصЩоɹ,Ӹּ,Լĳɾʹ󳬹ǰ,ǿԺԥ˵,ϣ,ǱȽ϶ѧϵͳѧĽܳ,Ҫ."ѧۺ͢ٵֲ˵ʹĢڵĽչ,ֱǧѧ˵űȡ.
Ȼѧһļֵ,Ҳݼ򵥡¾,ֻʷȥо,ΪһойǺܶ,һЩֻǵ㵽ֹ,δһķ.ЩѧǵһЩ,¹ѧE.ն,Ӣѧѷ.˹:ѧʷ,Ͼ,ӡ,1963,261262ҳ.
ڣ£E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,197ҳ.
ͣ17071778,䲩ѧ,˫Ĵ.׳ѧŷ޸,ֲѧ,Ѽֲ걾.ѧ.ԡȻϵͳΪҪ,1758ӡ10к1753ġֲ־,"˫",,ѹȥҵֲƹͳһ,ֲоĽ,Ӱܴ.
ڴģ18091882,Ӣѧ,۵ĵ.Բѧҵݳ˺̽""ʱ5꣨18311836Ļ.ڶֲ͵ʵȷ˴Ĺ۲Ͳɼ,ۺ̽,γĸ.1859𶯵ʱѧġԴһ,ȻѡΪѧ˵,˵Ǳ,ӦҲȷĽ˵,Ӷݻ˵Ŀۺֲ,ڽԳصĴ.Ժ,һʵ˽ѧ˵.
.
Ȼʿµѧоɾͻ,˼ıͲܲר½.Ǿ͸ݲնͲ˹ʿµѧ˵.
1̽ʿµһ˼˶ȡ,һʽ,һǱ.ǻ,о,ʽ.û,Դ,겻ĳ֮.ĽϺʽϵĽһ,ʽ,ҲĿ.Ĺ,ʵ,뿪㲻ܴ,缼뿪㲻ܴһ.ͼǸǰѾڲ.ʿ·ֹ۵,˵ֿԼڵĶ,һ,ļաƢԸôܹ?
걻һлʵ,ζıԭ,ƶΪԼĹ.,ȻĿĵĻȻ֮.ʼ?ʱеĹ۵Ϊһ,;.ʿ:",ʵԭ,û㲻ܴ.
,ûнű㲻ɢ;ǲܴ塪ΪǼȲܶؽ루ǲɷģ,Ҳĳн루ΪҺڽб仯ʳĲ."Ĳ겻ǽ,ϵ?Ϊ겻Ĳ,Ƿеľ,һ.ӵӵһּ.ļղĳһ,ʹܹмջ.ͬ,һ,ʹܹл.
ʿΪǷֵȼ,Щ,Щ,ǵ."Щӵȫ,Щӵв,Щֻӵһ.ָӪ֪ص任˼.ֲֻһӪ.һЩӵӪ,Ҳӵ֪.֪,Ҳ.
ȺúԸɵ.پһָо.
ий֪ĶҲ鵽ֺʹࡢʺͲʹ.鵽ЩĶӵΪǶԿֵ.˶,ЩﻹλƵ;һЩӵ˼ǵ".꡷˵ĸܹһеȼϵͳ.
ʿµ,лﶼ,ֻǸߵͲ,ֲеӪͷֳ,ﻹ֪ж.,⼸˼Ľ,˵,Ϊ,໥,½ϸߵĲûнϵ͵Ĳ־Ͳܴ,ϵ͵ĲҲûнϸߵĲ.־:ӪĲ,ֲ;оĲ,ƶ;
ǵĲ,.
Ȼ,ⲻͬĵȼ,ֲ͵ȵ,ĹֻӪͷֳ.ûʼһĵ,Ҳûио֪.,Դ˲ἰһ,Ϊϸ.ɰȵĲֵ,ЩԪصһֻ.ֱΪ"Ԫ",̫йصһҪ,ͽӸ崫.Ҫڵ,Ѫ.,ѪӪƱѪҺʿµʱ֪Ѫ붯Ѫܵ.ѪҺһάӪ,һԴݸضĸо.ϸо˶﷢Ĳͬʽ.Ϊֳ,ٶĳЩȻ.,Էֳʽ.,Զ,ʽϵԶһ.Ը,Ը.Ϊѧ:ڽıԶȫʹѪҺ,ǹֳ.л䷢չ,Ǵһʽһ,ﵽл.,ǵķֳʽ,ǵ幹졢Ϣ֮ʽԼ˶ʽ,иĲ.ʿ±֤ɽϵͼϸ߼չ,δܰһ۵ڸӦмԹ᳹,δϽһֶȻ.ͨоٵľද̥㶯,㶯,,,,嶯,۶,Ƕ棩,ԶѪѪ,ֺͼ׵޼׵һµ.ѪѪֿɷֳֺ.ȻȽϴ,ԺѧķչӰ.
ʱĿѧˮƽ,ʶԼ,Լȥ.ʿΪĵȼԽ,ӪԽ,ȼԽ,ӪԽԶ.ֲ֮Աȶͼ,ΪֲӪĸǳ.ĵȼֲ,ΪԶ뿪.ֱȶ߼,Ϊֱ,ͷ,ͷԶ,ȱѧ,Բ˵.
2ѧоʿѧĴ󲿷оڹԪǰ347ǰ335һʱɵ,Թڰ˹˹˹е.вʱֵĵ,ʱ۲оĵǰٺ.
ʿµѧоصǶѧ.ѧҪǡ־͡ʡ.־,;ʡһʧ,ĿϿ,оڽṹ.
־ϸо˶ĸֳ֡ʽʳϰԢٲμE.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,197199ҳ;ڸ:ѧʷ¼,2,ӡ,1960,335345ҳ.
.ݹ㷺,Ϸḻ,ϣÿһֶﶼо,꾡,Щ໹൱ǡ.ʿµĶѧо,ȴ˿ʼ,",о˵Ĺ,ǼʱǲϤı׼һ,.˺ϤĶ.˵ĸָйٿԷǳع۲쵽,,Ϊ˲ƻ֮ĺʵд,ΪоҲ,Ǳĸ֡ٲ,ȻǷǸϵĵ.ԻֳһЩҪ:ͷɡֻ֡".־
˿ʼо,ΪǴҶϤ,Ƚ.
ʿʶ˵Ƕ֪,Խľ塢.˵˵ͷ֮䳤Ų,ƺǶĻ,Ϊ,ȥ˵.˵򵥵,"",ľרҵԵ.
署,Ͳ˶,רҵо.˵,Ĵ֫,ֻλڿǻץʳĶ.ĴǷǳϸ,ֻһʰɫĩҷֲ,չ.һĹ⻬ƽ,.Һǰ˺ʹ֫Ϸһչ.չųȡʳʱӿнҺҵĺˮ,ʹչƶ,ųī֭.ǳΪ"ͷ"ķ쿪һбζ,ַʽζʱ,ܿǰΪ۾ڶϣ.β.ֻҪﻹ,ͷǼӲ,һ.ô֫·׽ͱ,Ƚ֮ıĤȫչ.ɳ̲,Ͳٱ׽.־ͬʱ,ְͷٶ,ī㡢|,˱Ƚ,ϸµ.˵ϸؽ.Щ,Ľ䷽ʽ,ֱ19Ͳű֤ʵ.
־һѧ,,ҲȱǷ.һЩѧ߶Դ˷.
һΪʿµодֲڲ׼ȷ֮.һǹĽ.ֹһεضڽдԵĲӬѹܻһ˿״ϲԲӬ,"ڽϵĲӬ뿪,Ϳʮ׵ؿһ".־ʵ.
һ,ڶҰţʵе㺬Ժ,ע⵽ǾѲζʳ,"Ϊ˱Լ,ý߲Ұѷй뿪.׵ضҾ,ķ,Թë".־һ׳۵ͼ,ȴЦ,һ㾭Щ˵̸֮Ц.
ڶΪʿδʹ"ʵ鷽",Ĺ۲󲿷Ƿǿʵ,ڴȻʵне.
Ϊʿº˼Ҫ.Ŀѧ϶Ƕ,ʿµ󲿷ǶԵ.ѧ,ҲûаѧӦֲѧĹ.ûгı걾.
Щеķʵ,Ϊʿ²Ǿȷ.Ҳвǡ֮,Щǹڿ.ʱѧˮƽ,ֶ,
,ǿ۲ж,ʧ.ԵĴ"Է",Щﲢ˫׶Է,"ЩҶϵ¶СЩͷ,Щľͷľ,ЩӶë,ЩӶļ,Щǵй".־⵱Ȼѧ.ô˵,ٵļ,ѧڴ.ֻҪҪݡȷ,Ӧÿ϶.
ʿڶѧоȱʵ鷽,δؾôǡ.
һеĿѧеĿⶼҪʵ,粻ͨʵ֤ʵȡĽͨ۲ֶܷȥʵ.ʿڶѧоҲǾԲʵ,־м˼ʵ:ʿϸд˳ڼеڷ.൱ϸؼ¼̥ںﵽĸչ׶.Ȼǽһͬһȥļ,ÿӷĸȡһ,ÿ,¼۲쵽ÿյı仯.˽,Ǿ͵۲Ϊоĸ,Ϊо.
ʿµʵ鲢δдо,ֻǹ۲,ûпƵİ취.ʵҲǺܶ.ʵ,ʵ鷽˵رҪ,ʱĹǿһѧ,дϵȴȥѼɸѡ¼ϵͳ,δҪʵ֤.,ʵ鲻ಢ,Ӱ춯ѧоļֵ.
ڶ,ȱƺǸȱ,ʱûѺձ,¶ȼơ׼̶ȳߡܼʱ,޷.
־ҲŲٵĲȷ,ҲĶ۲.
һЩݿ,ҲĳЩĳ.ȫԸĳЩ,ûô.ⲻǴǻǵѡ.ʿʶ:ڶѧо,ҪĲС,״͹.һֶ೤,С֮,ڵʱоûжٿѧ,ṹ빦ȴҪŪ.˵,һʱ,оȶоҪ.
ʿµĶѧо,ϸ,ҪĿѧ,Ҫ,һоֱ"֪˵ı"׷.
ٲμѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,1927ҳ.
ʮѧ˵ʿ¶Կѧ֪ʶķ,ϸ½Ķ۵ѧƺͿѧо,漸ʵѧƺʹѧ.ѧѧʵõѧ,ѧڴѧ.½ѧ˵.
ִʿѧ3:ŴĪѧѧѧ.,ѧߴ,˼,ṹ,һϵͳġѧ,ѧ˼붼ӳ.ѧоʿµ˼,ⲿ.
µݳ˲ολѧߵĳɹ,Ҳժй.
ڡѧ,ӢѧG.˽:"ʿڵ1ж⼰˵;25۵µ,һ˵,Ȼ,ѡ֮,ϸ˵µ;6ǵ;7ǵ;89뿪˱,˶ϸ;10ֻص7ʼʱԿֵ,صҸ֮,ѧĿ,Ŀ֮ڵ1."ٴʷϿ,ѧǵһϵͳ̽,ĳЩո׿ʼͼϵͳԵ·ǰ,ϵϿ,ͼѧ˵кܴĲͬ.ͼĻ˼óԽʱյ㲻˵,Ӹ,;ʿ·˼,Ÿй֪һ֪ʶʵȻĻ,"""һ","һ"""֮,"һ"뿪""."ʵ"ɳԽɵ,ɵ,˵ֻӦ.Ϊ,ʵȫʵ,ֵĻԭճ,֮.""
˵,ո׺Ͱͼͬ,̸ıͷ.,һ˵ıԼҪѧϵ.
1ʲôҸʿµѧ֮ͨΪҸۻʵ,ʿ¶ԵĿ֮.˵,ȷĿ,׷,ո׵"δ˼ûмֵ",е.Ŀʲô?Ĵ"Ҹ".
ʲôҸ?ʱϣҸĿ:һΪֻҪλƸϵõ,Ҹ;һ򼫶˱Щ,Ϊֻ,о,ܵõϵĽ,Ҹ.ʿ·ֹ۵.Ϊǰһ۶Ҫ̫,һ̫.,һТG.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,131132ҳ.
ڲμܸ:ѧ,ƽӿ׫ʿ¡,Ϻ,1987,32ҳ.
ĲΪĽ,Ҳ˵Ļĳеһ,ǿ֮.Ҹĺ:1.һ˶Ķ;2.ƵĻ;3.ֻ.һ仰,ҸһԼĻ,ʹԼ츳ĸֹǱӵ޶,ҪǷ˵Ի.
ոΪѰһձĶ,ͼ"""Ƶ",ûʵ.ʿҲѰƵʽ,һ׼,ƷΪ"Ϊ""Ϊ".˵,ЩȻҲĿ,Ŀ,ҪԱĿΪĿ.׷ͲƸ,,ⲻĿ.ΪʲôҪ׷ͲƸ?ΪͲƸ,˲Ҹ.,ͲƸֻ"Ϊ","Ϊ".ֻеõҸ,Ŀ.
һĿĶҸ,ΪΩҸ,׷Ŀ.ʿ·,Ҹ״ı׼۸оĿ͹.,Ҹ汾ú.˴õĿֻƵĽ,ȲƵĿ,Ҳļֵ߶.˵Ҹ.ڵĶҸӰ,Ҹ.ƶֻҸ,Ϊõṩֶ;֮֡ò߹,ǶǱ,ȴҸ.ҸҪֻڵ.
ǵĴͬ,ҸҪҲһ;ͬһڲͬ¶Ҹвͬ.ʱ,ָҸ,ʱòƸ.ķḻ,İ,Լ֪,ҸıҪ,Ҹ,ȱ,ʹҸʧ.ҲʹһƷ¸е˾ɥ,ܷҸ.ĳЩҸȾ,ĳ̶ֳǿԵ,ҸǿŬõ.ʿһֱΪҸһֻ,Ҹ벻,ҸǺϺԵ,Ҹ,ŵ.
ͼͬ,ʿ·ѹ.ΪҲ˵Ĺ,˵Ļ,дڵ,Ӧõõ.
ʿ²˼۵㶼ǻȷ,һȥ,̽ȥ,͹ͷ.һ,ǰм̸,Ҹ,Ҳ.
ΪҸָ͵ڸĽ,ҸҪԻĽ.˵ǵǴԻĲ,еԻΪõĽ.ǵѵ,ͨõ,ȿɽ,ֿѧ.еͨϰɵ,ǳʵĽ.ǵ¸е.ǵ±ƾ,еǽ־.һ˶е,δؾǵ,ǵǻ֮е.,ʲôҸ,ʶƫ.
ǵ¿ɸе,ôȻĽ,е¶õҸһҸ,ֻдӴ˼ĵеõҸ
Ҹ,༴Ҹ.Ҹֻǻ֮˲ܵõ,ֻͨܵõһĴεȵҸ.,ʿͼͨǵºеµ˵"ּҸ""¼Ҹ"ҸۣʱϣֶҸĿ,ԸΥ,ƺͼĹ۵ӽˢ.
2Եγʿ°ѵԷΪ,ǵԣǵ£ԣе£.ǰҪָǻۡ⡢;Ҫָơ.ΪǵԲͬ,"ǵԴɽ̵ɡ,Ҫʱ.ɷϰѬճ".ѧ˵ǵѵ,ϰߵĽ.ʮϰ߶ڵγɵ,෽ϸ֤.Ϊ,˵,˵Ĺ,붯ͬıԺ붯ﲻͬ,˻õԵһǱ.Ǳ,ҪӲʵ,ϰߵ.˵:"ԼȷǳڱԶ,ҲǷԶ;ȻǽܵԵ,ĳͨϰ߶."ѧԲȻɵ,ΪûһȻڵĶܱϰ߸ı.˵һ:"ʯı,㲻ܰѵϰ,һҲ.ͬʹ½."ѧ"ǲڶιۿ,ÿĸо,ĸо.֮,˸оøо,˸оио".ѧ˵,ȻɵĶ,ϰı.ȴͬ,һļж,γɵ,ͼյĻһ.Ǳѧһż,ż,ż.,췿,ܳΪӪʦ;,ܳΪ.ͬ,",ܳΪ;н,ܳΪƵ;¸ҵı,ܳΪ¸ҵ".ѧɴ˿ɼ,ʿ¿,ȻͺϰǵγɵҪ,ǰΪṩһֿ,ʹֿԱʵ.
ʿ¶ϰ֮ڵԵҪ,˽һ˵.Ϊ,ɵ֮ɶ֮,Ϊϰ,ͬΪԲͬԸ.,ơ֮ʿŵ֮ͽ,ǲͬΪϰ,ɼϰ߶γɵҪ.ʿ˵:"һеԶ,ͨ,缼һ.õ٢ٲμܸ:ѧ,ƽӿ׫ʿ¡,Ϻ,1987,3334ҳ;Ҷɽȱ:ѧ;2,׫ʿ¡,ɽ,1984,5257ҳ;£E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,203204ҳ;ӢG.¡ʿ˼ĳɳṹ;̨壩ҵ˾,137139ҳ.
ʦͻʦڲ.Ӫʦҵ,·Ҳ.õݲõӪʦ,ӶӵݲŵӪʦ.,ǾͲʦ.һгΪù򻵹Ǳ.һ,ͬڵ.ڴ˽Ϊ,е˳Ϊ,е˳Ϊ.ڷð֮,ϰڿ־,ϰڼǿ,е˱ų,е˱¸.ͷŭҲ,е˳Ϊƶº,е˳Ϊݶ,Щ,еô,еô,.ܵ˵,ƷӦʵ.,һҪʮʵ.
Ʒʵ.Сϰ߲ǼС,ǡǡ෴,ǳҪ,һжҪ."ѧ
ʿ²ϰ߿γɵԭ,עϰγ֮˵ΪӰ,ϰߡԡϰΪһܶʼĹ.˵:"ͽԿ,ٶ;ʳٶ𺦽.ΩʶȲɡͱ.ڽơ¸Լ,Ҳ.һжر,һж,ʲôҼ,ͻų.֮,첻µز,ֱײ,ͻç.е˳һпֶ԰ζΪ,еһ,رһпֶΪһĮ֮.֤,ƺ¸ұȺͲƻ,Ϊе.""ͬһЩΪ,Բ֮ɡͻ,ҿԳֵʵ,ʵЩΪнСڵԷҲ,ڲ̰ͼֶý,ڱΪƵ֮,Ǿ͸ӻر.һҲ¸.ϰڼᶨη־,ͳΪ¸ҵ,ڳΪ¸ҵ֮,Ǿ͸Ӽᶨη."
ѧȻ,ʿǰѵԵγɿһ,һʵɵϰߵĹ.
ʿ˵ĵԵγ,",ϰ."3ӹ˵ʲô,ʿ²ó,Һܾɫ.ܴ֮ﵽЧ,һ"ӹ֮"˼.
ʿ˵,˵пԿֶ:Сܡϰ߻Ʒ.ν,Ƿŭ־塢šʡϲõһʹͿֵĸ̬.ν,֮ԷĻ,༴һȻ.νϰ߻Ʒ,"ָǽԵǵбû仵Ķ".ѧණ,ԴӺδֳ?Ϊ,ԼȷҲǱ,Ϊкͱܱ޵Կ,˵,Ȳܵ,ҲܵǴ.,ֻϰ߻Ʒ.
ô,Ʒʲô?ʿΪ,ÿһԶ
ܼʹһ,ʹɹ,,˵ĵ,һּʹ˳Ϊ,ʹԲ书ܵƷ,Ʒ,ӹ֮.
νӹ֮,ƺ͵ԼĸΪ,ʹ֮޹,Ҳ޲,ʼձеԭ.
ӹ֮˵ݵϣһ¿,ʿ½һ˼벢ϵͳ.ѧ˵.һյı,һҽѧϵı.õĹ֮ӹ˼Ҫⲻɱ:һõĹƷǲӻһ㶫,ȱһͻƻƷ,ӹʶȲ.˵ô,ôڶͱȽǡ.̫̫ʳ̫̫˶֮»ܵ˺,ֻʵʳＰ˶ܴ첢ֽ.ͬ,Ϊ뼤鼰ж֮֡ʶȻȱй.ÿƽʱп־塢ߡ,Ȿ,̫̫,Ͳ.ʿ¿,˵кΪֿ,ȡ,ԵĿľǸԵԭкΪ.ȺͲ,Ωвź:"Ӧõʱ,Ӧõ,Ӧõ,ΪӦõĿ,ӦõķʽЩ,Ǿе,õ,ڵ."ѧ˶,Ծ߸,˭ж,ǶŹȡʶȵĿ,ȺͲ᷸,ֻеŻܵ,ﵽɹ.ܳ޺ͳɹǵԵı־.ԵԾе.
ʿΪеоее֮.ее,м;еǶ˶,ָǲ̫,Ҳ̫,˶.һ,ʿ:"һĺͿɷֵĶ,ȿȡ,Ҳȡ,ȡ.һЩּȿǶ,Ҳ,Ⱦǹ͹ٵм.˵м,ָ˾֮,еһ˶ǵһġͬ.ǵм,ǼȷǹȡҲǲ.мһ˲ǵһ,Ҳͬ.10Ƕ,2,ô,ȡ6м.Ϊ6ȥ210ȥ6ȵ.,ǾѧԵ.ǶǶԾͲ.Ϊ10ʳƷΪһ,2ʳƷΪٵһ,ָ6ʳƷ.ΪضĽ˶Ա˵,6ȿܶ,Ҳ.ڴʿ¡˵,ڳμ˶˵ֶ."ѧѧϵеָе.
ӹ˵,ʿرᵽҪע.һ,һ,һΪ,ЩоûԵĵ.ʿ˵:"ȫΪжим.һЩ,ǵƾǺϵһ.,⡢޳ܵȵ.Ϊͨ顢͵ıɱȵ,һ,ԼΪǴ,Ϊ䱾,̸ʲôȺͲ.κʱ,
ᱻΪ,Զ.ҲûʲôúͲ,ûʲôŮӦõʱ,Ӧõķʽͨ,Ƿ.ڲų˵вʲôȡмһ."ѧ
ڶ,ӹ˵֮е㲻ϵ,˵""֮ӹ.
һ˲ֵ֮ܽ˵Ŀ,öܾ֮.һھее̸.һ˳Զٶź,ȫ˵ʺҪ.ⲻ˵ɴƳ۵.
ڶеϵ۲֮,ʿָӹ˵ԭ,һЩ˺Ϊʶȵķ.
ĵ¸,Ⱦ³ç,ų.³çΪð,Ϊ,ųΪС,η.¸,,,ڴʱΪָ,ӹ֮֮ԭ.
ĵǽ,ŵ,ľ͹,߽ԲԭԼΪ.,˳,ֲŵ,,ֲľ.
ǮƷĵǿ,Ĳ,˷;̬ĵǴ,ĲС,Ǵ;йصĵԺ,Ա,;罻йص,ǹƧ,Ǵ;˶Ӧ,ûнȡĺҰľĲ͹;ӦкõƢ,ƢƢ̫ǲ͹;ΪӦóʵ,̫޺Ϳ䲻͹
Ե,ȥ,Һܶ඼ǳʶԵĶ.濴ƺ岻,ӵʱ,һֵ.
ո׿ʼ,һֱѰ·Ķ,ʱ˽.
ʿùȡ˵µ,Ȼǽĺð취.
ʿͬʱΪ,ԹͲҲܼ򵥻,һų,Ҫмĸ.,Ϊųӡ¸ҵķ,ȡ,ųӡҪо,ʲô?µǶƶ,ǻ.෴,¶,ǿɳܵ.ƶͼ,Ϊͬ,ǲе²þ¸.ں,ʿҲ˷.¸ҵӦǲ,ҲҪԵʲô,ڴ쫷,ͻȻ⵽,֮,²,²˵ǵС;Ե,ս,,ǲԵ.ϸµķǿѧ̬.
ָ,αܹ벻ӹ֮?
,Ҫж,Ҫ֪ʶ.ոסͼʿ,˼붼,Ϊԡ֪ʶжϵµԭ.,ʿ¸ӳ˼,Ϊѧ˼ʶߵ.
Դδ,ؾʵ,ʵеĸ
,Ϊԡ֪ʶǾµΩһ׼.ոΪ֪ʶ,жϺúͻ,ȥĻ;,һ֪.ʿ˵鲢,ͬһⲢÿ˶ͬж.Ϊǻ,Ҳȷ˲ΪȻ,Ϊ,ΪǴĽǶȿ.ʿ·˵,Ϊ,֪ʶ,,ⶼǵԲȱٵ,Դ˵,Ϊ,ûе.,ָ,ʵȫһ,߳в,һ˼ʹʶ,ʵϲһ,ⲻʶϵ,Ҳϵ.֮,Ǹӵ,֪ʶҪ,ʵҲܲ.
,Ҫ־.ʿΪ,˵ΪеĹͲе,Գ˵־.ʮǿ־˵Ϊе.˵־о˼ѡж.,־ѡΪ,ӦΪ.Ϊߵ,ҲΪߵ.Ϊǿȥһ,ҲԲȥ.Լ.ʿµһ˼,Ƕո׺Ͱͼ"¼֪ʶ"˼.
ʿ²ΪǵԺ֮,Ϊ־ԵҪ.˵,˶߱ȷ֪ʶе,ô,ܶȷʵеԵ,ڲ߱ȷ֪ʶ,ͱ޵µ,˵ͨ,Ϊⲻʵ.е֪ʶ,²һ;ºܸе,ж֪ʶ.ʿ²˶֪ʶڵԵ,ΪЩ֪ʶ൫,Ϊ־.ͬ,Ҳ־й.
,ΰԼ.־,ơԼ,ô,Ϊ,ӹ֮,лԭ.ԼΪ,ҪԶѡе,ɵ,ȻҪﵽе,ôɵ.˵:"еֹ֮,һǹ,һǲ.,ΪǶкΪем.һҪɺҵ,ÿһзм.,˶ҵһԲ,֪ʶ˲ҵ.,κ˶ᷢŭ,κ˶Ǯ֧Ǯ,֪Ӧö׼,ʲôʱ,Զ,ӦΪʲô,ʲôʽ,ǾͲǼ.,ѵõ,ֵó޵,ɼε.,Ӧܿмϴļ,м,翨³Ȱ:εذסǵս,ȱڰߵϸ֮,ֲд.ѧҪһ,ȷʵ,ȴֲܲ.
Դﵽеķ,ʿ:1.ڹ벻,ӦеΪ෴һ.,³çų֮,ͱȿ˷ų,Ϊ³çе¸ҸԶ.˼ν֮ȡС."ڼ֮,еΣһЩ,еΣСһЩ.
,׼ȷмѵ.˵,֮
ȡС".ѧ2.Ӧע˵ƫ,"ǱԼķ,Ϊǵĺ߱ܿٵĶ,м,ľǰľֱõķ.ҪǾЩ˿ֵĶͿ.Ϊ,ǲǿŵĲ.
,ǶԿֵĸ,Ӧ˶Ժ׵ĸһ,ʲôʱҪסǵĻ,ܰ,Ǿͻٷ.Щ,Ǿпм".ѧ3.ʵ,Ҫݾ.ʵ,ⲻж,ԲһŶ,,"ʲôʽ,ʲô,Ժ,ö೤ʱ䷢ŭӦ,ǲ׵.ʵ,ʱԲ,Ķ,ʱֶЩƢ˼,˵ɷ.Щƫ·˲ܵ,һҲ,һҲ,ߵ̫Զڸ.һ´ʲô̶,жӰӦܵ,Ǻʲôԭ涨.оĶԹ涨,ڸ֮,ڸо֮.
,һпɳ޵кΪ,е,ʱܿƫڹ,ʱҪƫڲ".ֻ,ǲȡе.ѧ4ѡճ,ÿһ˶ҪԼҪ,ҪԴ˸.,ȡ˳ɼҵɹ,һܵĹע϶,߱йط,,ܴӴ˸ıԼ·,ʷϺʵż.֮,컵,,Ͷ޹,˶ܵǴ,ܵɵƲ.һ˼,ʿѧ,ϸ.Щ,ڽ쿴,ýĹ۵ȥ,ȻʧΪмֵ˼,ЩԷŹ,ϸϸ,˵İо.Щ,ǳ֮Ϊѡ.
ʿΪǶΪѡַʽ:ԸġԸ.
ԸΪΪߵĶ,Լʲô;ԸΪʱǿ,ʱ֪.ǿƵΪ,ΪԼ,Ϊ,Ϊ߶ԴΪ,Ǳȵ.ԸΪʱҲƷԸΪ,Ϊº󳣸еʹͺ.,ìһ,ԭΪìͷǶ۵,һ,ȴ֪ìͷ,ʹ;,һ˸һ,Ǻ,ȴ֪϶Բ˲,.Ӷ˵Ϊ߲غ,Ǻ,ֻʹ.
ٲμܸ:ѧ,ƽӿ׫ʿ¡,Ϻ,1987,3640ҳ;Ҷɽȱ:ѧ,2,׫ʿ¡,ɽ,1984,5256ҳ;G.¡ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,141143ҳ.
ЩΪ,һʱ϶ԸĻǷԸ,ĳ;д,˽˵Ĳ׽,˴,Ӷ֤˴ҵİȫ,⾿ǳԸǷԸ,Ǿ˶.
ԸΪ,ԸΪ,һ㶼Ǿѡ.д,Σ,Ѿ,Ϊ˰ȫ,Ϊ˴ҵ,Ωһѡ.ͬ,Ը,ΪԼʹҵİȫ,ǳ.ԸҲ,Ҳ,ǽѡ.ѡ,ǽ˵ľ.·ΧڵΪ.
ѡѡûȥ,"Ѿ˵ǲѡġѾòſǵ,ҪǵǽҪͿܷ.÷鲻,˵ú:"Ѿɵ鲻,Ҳ.'"ѧȻ,ѡһ,Ժ.ʿ,ǲҪԼΪ,ҪԼľ.˵,ǿԶԼĳЩΪ,ƺΪ.ʿ·˵,ƺΪҲԭ,ҪΪԼ,ΪȫԲ,Ӧ.ҷݵҪΪԼΪݵ˸,ΪԸظЩΪɵĽ.
ո˵ûԸȥ,ʿ²ͬ˵,˵,˵²Ը,òܳͷ,ô¡Ҳ˵Ը,ҲͲ.Ȼ,ô¾Ӧܳͷ.Ȼ,û,ǻʲô塢?
Ӧ˵,ԸĿĵ,ﵽĿĵֶǺѡ,ô,صΪͱȻǾѡ.ܼ,ǿ,ҲԲ.˵""ĵط,Ҳ˵"".лȥõͳ,Ҳȥ.ȻΪȿǶµΪ,ҲǶԶµΪ,,һ֮˻ǳ֮,ȫȡԼ.
һ˵ΪԼΪ,Ǳǿȵ,˱ԼΪ.һڶӦֲ֪֪¶֪,˶˴,ͬӦܳͷ.Щ˵ڴĴ֪ĳ,ǻᷴ˵,Ϊʲô㲻ϸ?"ҲǴĴ,ɢɢ,ȻҪԼĲͷݸ.Ϊʱ,ųԵ,һȥһ,ͱǸ.μӾʲô,Ȼϵȥ.ֻ֪,Ų֪ƷһʵĲ.һ˲ǲ֪ԼΪ,ôһԸĲ֮.,˵һв֮µ˲Ը,˵һŵ˲Ը,Ȼ޵".ѧʿﲻ䷳ǿһҪԼΪ,е.
ʿѡ۵˼,¹Ҫ.ƶ۵˵.СжΪ,ǵΧ֮,ҶżȻ.,,ѵǼ
и;ɶϰ,ҲһնΪ,"".ǶԼΪ,Ǿһ,ѡ,ȥ,ڵķΧ,ԲĲ,ǿ½."ʱ˲Ӧ,Ȼܵ,ȴԭ.ΪЩ³Ե޶,ܵ."ѧȻ,ķΧ,ǾҪˢ.
5ѰѰʿ˼Ҫ,ƪҲܶ.ڡѧ,˽֮һƪ"Ѱ",˵꾡.
ʿ˵:"ν,һ˶Ϊһ֮Ʒ."Ϊ֮е,ʶȵΪ.ʿ¶Թϸķ˵.ȴӹıʽϰѹΪձĹĹ.ձĹ༴ϵĹ,ǴÿһԱĹϵԵ,ҪȫԱΪϺ,ַɲҰ䲼ĳķ,һĵĵ·."һΥɵ˱Ϊǲ.ͬ,ط˺;ȵǹ.,Ϸ;ȵȻǹ,ΥͲǲ".ѧȻΥǲ,طǹ,ȻһкϷĳ϶ǹ.,һ˵,ǸάҸ.ɰ䲼ĸΪ׼,Լ׳ɵһЩΪ׼,¸ҵ¾Ͳ׼λܻ,Ƶ¾Ͳ׼ͨʹֱ,º͵¾Ͳ׼Źá,ǹԶֹ.˿,һȫĵ,ڸֵ,Ҫ.
ĹǶԱ֮Ĺϵ˵.ĹзĹĹ֮.ʿ³ƷĹΪ"εĹ",ָĲƸȨڸ֮зĶķԭ.ַ˶.Ϊ,֮,츳Ų,˵,֮ڱǲƽȵ.˵ּεķֲƽΪ,ʵеһֲƽȵķ.
,߶,ٵ,,ʿ¿ǺȻ,ʲô֮.νĹ,ָ֮侭ϵĽƶԼѭԭ,Ҳϵ𺦵ĽֹͲԭ.ֳֹΪ"Ĺ",һƽȵĹϵ.
"ֻɽϵɵ,趨ӪʦΪA,ЬΪB,ΪC,ЬΪD.ôӪʦҪЬõĳɹ,ְԼĳɹЬ.ڱ,ر֮,Ͳ.Ⲣ˵,ֳɹֳܸɹ,˵ӦʹЩ໥Ե"."ڽеĶ,ӦĳʽٲμG.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,149151ҳ.
Ƚ"."һﶼӦͬһֶ,ֶ˵ʹ,һֻڶԵȵ,˫ܸ,ͨ".ֶԵȡͨ,ǹ.
ʿ²Ϊʽձ鹫⹫֮,һΪھҲԹԹ֮.Թ༴ϵĹ,໥ЭĽ,ֹԭʱضͬ,ʱᷢìܺͳͻ.Թһձġ㲻ԭ,ʱյ,оԵ."޹ɱ"ֹ.,㲻ľԹǶԹһƽ,ΪԹκ˶ص.
϶ԹĽ,Կ,ͲĴ֮.͹֮еǹ.һڹѡѭһΪԭ.Ҫڷ,Լ֮,ǰĶԼ,кĶٸԼ,෴.,Ӧձƽ.
Ѱ,ʿ̸ĸ.Ѱ໥ϵһŦ,ΪѰԹҶԸ˶ʮҪ.
ʿΪ,ɰĶɶɰ:һĶ,ʹϲ,õ.õĶƺͿֵĶ,ɰĶЩƺͿΪĿĵĶ.,ǶƺͿֵⲢһ.ɶѰ֮.ϲ֮ܳΪѰ,ΪûаĻر,Ѱ໥İ.,˫,ҺεԸԷ,ųƵ,Ѱ.
Ѱ,Ϊ:ԵΪĿĵѰ,ԿΪĿĵѰ,ΪĿĵѰ.
ΪöѰ,ǲܳõ,Ѻ׷.Ϊôǲܳõ,ʱ,ʱ.õѰ,Ϊ׷ǰ.Ϊֶ,Ҳι."ЩΪ,Ϊ˶Էమ,ѰǱ˴˶ô.ͬЩΪ˿ֶమ,Ըཻ,Ϊ˶Է,ΪʹԼ.ЩΪôѵΪ˶Լ,ЩΪ˿ֶѵ,ΪʹԼ֡һ֮Ա,,ṩô,ṩ.Ѻɢ,ڳά.Ϊ,粻˿ֺͶ,ѰҲʹֹ.ôǲõ,ʱ,ʱ,ϵر仯.ѵԭһ,ѰҲͲٴ".ѧΪĿĵѰ,ԿΪĿĵѰ.
ԵΪĿĵѰɹ,ΪѰڵԷ.
˫Գ,ΪԷ,Ѱܳ.ȻѰձ,Ҫ֪,ҪʱĿ.
ʿ»Ѱ˫ĵλΪ,ѰΪƽ֮ѰͲƽ֮Ѱ.ֵܡ֮Ѱƽ֮Ѱ,ӡ
֮Ѱǲƽ֮Ѱ.Ϊ,λλ֮Ѱֻǲƽȵ.رǿ֮ķӹϵ,Ľ׼λйص.
ʿµѧ㵽,Ȥ.˰ͼ,Ӿ,ѧԻֵ.ӦкϺµΪʹԼΪ.ƴͳ,һʮ˼Ƹ.ѧеľ,ֵǺܺо.
ٲμܸ:ѧ,ƽӿ׫ʿ¡,Ϻ,1987,4247ҳ;G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,157159ҳ.
ʮѧ˵ʿѧϵҪǷо˵ʱϣǰĸƶ,ָ,.˵ʿѼϣ158ǰηƶȼʷظ,ϸķ.
ϧЩ϶ʧ.첻,1880꣨Ҳ˵18901891ģӢڰһũҵׯ԰зһѹֽ,һ˱,ÿҳ涼дϣ.֤,ϵʿµ158Ҫһ֡ŵơ69µȫĳ.ⲿָϸŵݱʷ,ڵľִٿʼֱʿʱֹ,ӹԪǰ7ͿʼŵƶʷͶԹԪǰ4ŵƶȵļ.˵ʱŵķɺѡƶ.˽⵱ʱŵʷҪ.ЩϿԿ,ġѧԴϣβΪдɵ.˴ϸµĵо,ѧоȽϿѧ۸.
ʿµ˼뷴ӳġѧһ.ִ桶ѧһ鲢һл,ǰԤƻдɵ,ǳԲͬݵĸɵһϱ,ƪ:1.ۼͥ,оǰĵ;2.ǰ˶ҵļ⼰𾴵ơ;3.۳ǰƷࡷ;4.۵͵ȵ塷;5.ǰ.۵ݹ㷺,ɸ۹Ҽ,оʲôǹ,ͼ˹ϣ˹ǰҵ,ֹ̽Ȩ,ж,ıǰԭʲô,ΪʲôеĹúáеĲ,õĹӦķɺϰ,ȵ.;ѧ˵.
1˼ıʿڹϣʷʱڡŵʱںϣʱڵĽϵ.Ԫǰ4,ʿʱ,̵Σ,һΣϣūռƹңǰΣ,ҡ˹ϣɵƶȲ¸ϣҵ,ʹȺΪ۹̲.һΣԭǹԪǰ4ūռеìܺһڲĽ׼ļԼһЩ¼,27֮õĲޱս.ʱūƶĶԼڲޱսūͶз,֤˵ʱ׼ļ.ūū֮ì,ĸнײƶײ֮ĶԿ.һʱ,սũƲ,ＷѰҹƶ.ƶ,ŸĲƸҲ.ƶ֮Ķﵽ˼ĳ̶.ֽ׼Կ,ܶ˶.ѧҰͼ˵:"ÿ,С,жԵĳ:һ˵ĳ,һǸ˵ĳ."ʫ˰˹зڡߡ͡Ʒ䡷ϲƷ,д˸˵̰ƶı.˵˹
ָ,˵ǲǰѹ,ǰѲƸԼ;׽¶˵̰;˹Ǵݳ޶ȵķ.
µʿʲô̬,ȡʲô?ʿ²ŵĹ弯,Ҳǽӽŵŵ,˹,,ȽϽӽеȽײ.
ײŵƵıʧȥ,ļ,ײϣ֯Ҫ֧.Ҳ˵ʱҪì,Ϊִ,ͷǸȨ,ƺ͹ͷƵĶʵ˺͸˵Ķ.ʿڡѧһ,ᶨάūռ,˷ΪȻͳߺȻıͳ,Ѱ۾,Աѧ֤ūơҺ˽вƲ,ΪǷԵ,ЭԼĽ.ְѹҿ"Ȼ",ֻǸ""ڵѧ˵.ͬʱҲѰά˥ϣֶ֯,ڡѧһں̶ܴϾоЩֶε.
2ʿѧĴʼ.͵ʱѧһ,ΪɼӡɲƷչ.Ϊ,˺˽ϵʽɷɵļͥ,ڼͥ˺ū,ūǻ˵Ĺ.ͥĻλ,һһļͥһ,Ϊ,緢չΪǰ.׷ĿҸ,ǰĿ"õ",Ŀһ.˵:ѧо˵,ѧҪֳ̽ǰ֮.ʿ˵:"ǰɼͥͲΪ˷һֺõ,Ըġȱɵ."
ѧ
˲ǹĸ,˵ĵԲɽʿʵ,ֻкȺ.ѹҿøڸ˺ͼͥ,,"ڲ˵,ǵһԵ","屻ȡ,ô,˿֮,ͼûнҲû.Ҳ˰һֻʯ̵ֽ,һƻ˵Ǻʯ̵һ"."뿪ȫ,һлĲлһ,ʲôΪĶ".ڴ,˵Ķ涨Ϊ"εĶ",ԵĶ.
εĶＴĶ.""ָǰҡἯ,˲뿪Ⱥ.˼ڡʱۡһ˵:"Ϊ˼ʹʿ˵,ζ,Ҳᶯ.""ζ"һע:"ȷе˵,ʿµĶ:ǳе.־ŹŵŴ,縻˵칤ߵĶһ־һ."˼Ÿ塶18571858꾭ѧָ塵ԡ˵:"ʵζ,һֺȺĶ,١˼˹ȫ,23,,1960,363ҳ.
ֻвܶĶ."ΪһǲԸ,ֻйͬᡪǰ,ԵҪ.,˵εĶĶ,ǺϺ˵ıԵ.
ϣǰʷǹʿ۵ı.ֳǰ󲿷ֹģС,˿ڲ,"ǰ10ɡҪ10ҲͲǳǰ",ѧСǰǹʵʽ.
һǰ,Ը.һҪﵽһĿ겢Ϊ.",ǰΪ˷ֹ໥˺ʹٽó׶סͬһ.ǰҪ,ôЩ߱.ʹһӦȫ,ǰҲ˶.ǰɼͥͲΪ˷õ,Ըȱɵ".ѧΪǰĿĵ"õ"ΪĿĵҸһµ.
ǰĿĵĹһߵ,"Ƶһԭɡɵһʽͳ뱻ͳ.һʽ;˵ɵĿ,Ϊūı־".ѧڵҪкƽĶศ.ʿĳǰ,оӱ,ȴûе۹ŵҰ.˵ʿȰɽ쵼ߵ̬Դϣ,ӵ̬Դ,ǰߵѺݼչ,ѺߵֲԴ.
ʿ˶Ҫ䵱ͳߺͱͳ,ʵǲܵ,Ҳľ֤ìܵ.κһͳν׼ͳȨó,෴,ͳελܵвʱҪѹ.ū,ͳεū޷̤ͳ֮,νҲֻܸͳ.ͳ뱻ͳεĵλԶԶλ,λ,ʷϾͲô췴.ū,ʿ¿,ıͳ.Ϊ,ͳ뱻ͳ֮Ȼ,Щū,Ǳʵϵū,ǵȻ.˵,ūκһͥȱٵ,ūڼͥеĲƲҪ,ǻ."ĳЩΪһڱǲԼڱ˵,Ȼū.ΪһһƲ,ôǱ˵һƲһ԰ж˷Ĺ".ѧ֤ūƵĺ,˵Ȼеҵ߼ͼĶ,塢Եȵ.,ȻҲ֮.ū,Ǿ.ĵ,ūԣ,õζ.ȷʵ,һЩūʱҼеūӶ,,ǲ,԰еѾ,,Ե,е,һũ,õö,ʼū,СĽź;һϳ԰,һȫ,ұһ˵˸,ڡ¥Ρ˵.ū,ūûڡ˼˹ȫ,12,,1960,734ҳ.
,ûȨ,ҸŮҲû,ûȨ.,ɵ,ܵͳߵ,Ϊ.˵,֮Ը,,ܹƶ.͸˵,Ӧͳ,ͳ;,ҲӦԵġι֮˽ͳ,Щֻܵ,ֻܱͳ.й˵","һ˼.Ϊū˼ҵʿ,Ȼ˵,ΪҪ֤ͳκͰĺ.Ȼ,ôִ?
ʿ¶Ȼķֳūһֽ˽һ֤.ָ,һҪĹ,һĹ.߿ɷΪĺ,纽Ĵ,ͶĹ,ƶˮ־Ĺ.Ϊ,ȱ,ֻܴͶֻõū,Щ,ڴλӦóΪ.,Ҳò,ʵ,еūǱµ,ЩūҲ˵,˵"".ڡѧ,ʿᵽ,ʱЩ˷˺ūĻ,ΪΥȻ.Ϊ˺ū޲,ǵɷɹ涨,ΥԵ,ǲ.
ʿ³۵˲ȫ,δ跴.,Ϊܸǿ˺ū,սʤһ²ĶԷʿΪū,ǲԵ.˵ֻԵΪ־ū,ǿΪ־.
ӵū,ҲӵƲ,ʿΪ쾭,԰ͼڡҡƪȡ˽ƵĿ.ؿ,˽Ѿڴ,ÿ˶ռ,ֻ"ҵ"
Ź.ͼ˵,ʵ""ƶ,ȡͥƲ,ӺͺӶڹ,Ůס,Թʳ,ǾͲȥĲԼеĶ.ʿ¿,ֻǿ,вͨ.,ҲҪǶ˽вƲ,ҪǲҪֻԼ,ͬʱҲҪı˵.
ֵһ,ʿ»ιϵľùϵ.
ǵһƷԵ,˵:;,һǱе;,һǷǹе;.һ˫Ь,Դڽ,е;;Ҳ,Ͳ;,ΪЬӵԭ,ֻΪ˴,Ϊ˽.˵,,һ˹ͬʹһв,òȥϵĽ;,ԼĶò,ҪĶû,ｻ𽥷չ.ֽӦǻݵġԵȵ,Ȼ,ͻһԿ,һռ.ֻڶԵȵ,˫ܸ,ͨ.еĶӦĳʽܱȽ,Ϊ˱Ƚ,Ƿ˻,Ϊмֵ.һ,ֵĸߺ͵,˫ЬӵһݻһʳƷ,Ȼ,ܽ.
ʿͨо˻Ҳԭ.Ʒڱض,ҪһֱֱЯĻ׵мý֮
,ǷͭȽ.͸ı˽׵ķ,ｻʹûҵ;ұǿƵĻúͻ۵,Ǿ̰ؾƸ,¸ΪĿ.ʿµ,˼ڡʱۡ:"λо˼άʽʽȻʽ,Ҳ˼ֵʽ.ʿ."ͬʱ,˼Ҳָ:ʿ²ܹ,Ʒֵʽ,һͶΪͬͶ,ǳͶ,ΪϣǽūͶĻϵ."ʿƷļֵз˵ͬϵ,ҫŵĹ.ֻʷ,ʹֵܷͬϵ'ʵ'ʲô."Ϊʿؾʵ,ܿһЩͬʱ˻ܿ;Ȼܵʱʷ,ɱľ.ʿµľԳʷ,ʶϵԭ.ʹеļֵڽеļֵ,ĿΪ˱ҵ.ΪҵΪʵö,ΪǮ,˵Ĳʵ,ʹ˶.
ΪҵǻòƸһַʽ,ǲȻķʽ,ΪǮǼͥӦµ.ֲȻĽʽ,ǷŸ,ΪǮﲻԭĿģ,һ־ƸĿ.ʿµֹ۵ǵʱϣ˷óס׷ߵ̬ķӳ.
3ıȽϳǰǹļ.ʲôǹ?ʿΪ,"˾ְְܺܵ".ѧǰĹֱӹ,ǹҵĹЭ̻صһԱ,ȨǰĲºͷɵ.
һȨĶٺʹСڳǰõ,ͬư;µȨͬ˻.ʿ¹㷺ռ˵ʱϣǰ,158֮,ϸķ.
ͨԸƵķ,Ϊ:1.,2.,3.,4.,5.ͷ,6..ʿ½Ϊ:ǰһ,ΪǶǺõġġ;һ,ǻġ̬,Ҳʵ.ÿһ֮ԻΪ,Ϊͳͬ:ƺһ˻ͳε,ƺ͹ͷͳε,ƺɶͳε.ʿΪ,һ˵ʱ,Ȼ.ƾɹŴ岿١˼˹ȫ,23,,1960,75ҳ.
ڡ˼˹ȫ,23,,1960,75ҳ.
ٲμѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,161163ҳ;Ҷɽȱࡶѧ,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1984,5666ҳ.
ѡٳһͳ.ΪһȺͳ,õ,"һ߸ŵ³Ⱥ,Զ֮ʱ,ô,˳ΪͳһеһǺϺ".ѧ.ָ,ʵ,һͳ,ⷢ,رְ,Ϯ,׳Ϊı̬,ҲרƱͳ.˵ǳͳʱ,Ͳ.йĳ²ʱ,Ͳ.޲ƲȺںչ쵼Ȩʱ,Ͳ,"˵Ĺ۵Ĺ۵Ҫġ
ʵ.Ϊܴÿһƽӹ,Ǿһʱ,ȴܳĹ۵㡪ΪΪ,˳ʾٰʤһ˶".ѧ
ŵĸ˺͹ͳιʱ,Ͳ˹ͷ.һװӵԼΪרƱʱ,Ͳ.
ͼһ,ʿ¶ѹҵҲϣĳǰ嵱ʱ״Ϊ.ԭ,ֻϣĳǰŴſܰɺͳǰ,ֻϣܴӢʱҵڵĿ.Ϊ,ʱ˲һ˵ĵλ,ȫĸԸΨҶͳ.ʱϣÿǰвƵĹ,ǰȨ.Ǹ߹ĳŵ,ǵӵܿϮ.,ʿĹ,Ȼϵ.ǿιŵµĹͳγǰ,Ĺ.,ͼ"ѧ"ʵһ.Ҳ֪ⲻֻǻ,ʵĹ岢,Щִʵϲûʲôι,ֻǹͷ.
,ʿµ,ɴˣū⣩ͳ.
ƶõܷ,ܷ,Ĺ.˵,ȻǶ˵ͳ,ӦƽȺɵԭ.νƽ,˶һеͳߵȨ;ν,˶ܹԼ.,ܷϾҪ涨:ͳ,,Ҫ,Ҵ,ǽ,Ӧö񹫿.Ϊ,ĹʵҲ,ܷƻ,νĹ,ֻʵ.йƵʵǵʱϣڵ,ǹƵı̬.
4Ҽְʲôǹ,Ҳʿѧ˵еҪ.ʿµĹҹ˼Ĺҹ۵Ȼһ.˼Ĺҹ:һ׼ͳλ.н׼,ռͳελĽ׼,ڹҶԱͳν׼ʵר,ѹǵķ,ά׼
,ԼƶȺ.ӡ졢ͥȹһ,ͳν׼ʹȨĹ.һʷ,Ǵе,ǽ׼ìܲɵ͵Ĳ.ھ÷չһ׶,ȻΪ׼ͱ׼,Ϊʹ׼ͻõ,Ҫһֱ֮ϵͳ,Ͳ˹.ҵĲ,ʹ׼ѹȺϷ̶.ҽŽ׼ʧ.ʿµȻĹ۵.
ʿΪ,Ἧŵʽ,ȷе˵,һ,ڲֻṩ֮Ʒ,Ҫṩõ.ͬ,ΪһĿ,׷,˴ֻΪ˻ౣ.һͬ,ΪһСĽ.˵,Ȼγɵ.Ȼʹ򸾽Ͻһͥ,ͥչΪ,ɴϳһǰ,Ƶǹ.ּάɺ򡢵кͱ,ְùһƵĹͬйҸ.ҵһҪְǽ˾.˵,õĹ,,Ϊͳ߲׶ŭ.֪ǴﵽʵʱԼҲͳߵȨ.ͳν׼αʱ,˵Ҫ˹ӵ˼,ҪԼҪѧη.
ڹҵĹ,Ϊ,һ,Ҫʳ,Ҫũ˴ũҵ;ڶ,ҪƷ,ʹս;,óǱҪ,Ҫչ˹ҵľý;,Ҫ,ƽս,,ӵֿ,ұά䰲ȫֹԼڲ໥;,ҪһЩˡǮˡһЩܺõ;,нʿԱڽʽ;,Ҫ˸Ӫ,ͳ.,ū.
,вͬײ,ǵְλ?Ϊ,һ˲һϵְ.õĹ,ܼũ,ǹ,.Щְ񲢲õ,õʵʩչ¼ǻ۵ʱõİ.ھˡͳ߼ʿ,ͬ,ͬʱִЩְ.Ҫ˵,ͳιҪǻ,ЩǻҪ߷Ż.ʿ¼ҪΪҵĲƲӵ,Ϊ,Ȼͳ,ʿ.
ͳ뱻ͳ֮һֽ,߰ũˡս,ȻūҲ,ЩǹҴڵıҪ.
Ȼ,ͼΪ߼Ĵڶ,߼ĴӵԵԭ.͸˵Ҳһ,ԷΪԼԲ,ĴΪĴ.ҵȻ,ҵıҪʵʲŵĴΪ˺õ.ν,ָܹе¼ǻ۵Ե.
5˼ǧǰʿκ,Ƿƺõ,Դȡַ:һ,Ǹӵ,ᷢ仯,ֻ˲Ӧȥ,طĶ֪ͨ,ʱвͨ,ڼַɵǰ,Ҫ˵.һ,Ϊ˱Ͼк,ƾ˵ͳ,ɸ,Ӷֱ׶.Ӧ,,,ƶ,ͳ߼.Ϊ˷ֹͳȨ,ܸ,Ϯ,Ҫɷɹ涨ͳߵ,ڲ̫,ôִ.
ʿΪ,Ǿơ,ǹ,ֻҪܸ,ɰ,ͶǺõ.ϧʵвû,ֻڱ̬,ơͷƺ.ʱϣ,ر,Ұļòķʽ۶ȡȨ,Ϊ"".ʱЩͳߵȨԶ,ǵȥֳǰ,ͳ,ͲܳΪ.ͷǲɷֵ.ʿص۵ƺ͹ͷ.
ƺ͹ͷƵĶ,ʿΪʵִǸִĶ.ʵ,˵Ӧ,Ӧݸǰľ.ǱȽ.Ϊ,ɶͳվͳκ,۶ô,֪ʶ,ⲻȫ,,˿,˿ǵ,ҵ,ɳ֮,˵,ҲΪϼ˶˵ŵ.ʵ,ڸǰ,Ƕ,ִ,Ϊ̬Ϊ.
Ƶŵ:ƽȺɵľ,һ˻򼸸˵õͳ,ִ,еȨĻ.,ιְûвƲ,ʹҲǺܵ͵;ѡٻǩ,ڶ,,ͷϳ.Ȼ,⻹ֻϵ,ʵ,ΪҺ,󲿷ʱ仹ǵȥͶ,ûжϾʱȥ.ƽʹҶԸ,Ƚȶ;Ҷ,ͳȨʵ.Ϊ˶,Щǰ涨˽ƶ,˲ιְ貹,Ը˲μӹԷ.ͬʱ,ҲָƵȱ:Ҫ˲,öϾ˼֮,һЩ.,ƹд,Ҳַ˸˵,ì,ʹ,ָͷ.
ì,ʿ²ȡ͵İ취,Ȱ渻Ҫչ˵,Ҫ˼˵,Ҫ˴˺̫.ʱ,вȡӹ˵,Ҫ,ҲҪ.취в׼ִ.в׼Ȳ,ֲ̫,.һǮ,ͺ÷ʩ,Ըͳ;̫Ա,
ͳζ.в׼ÿ˷˵ȱ,,ǿ,ʵͳ,ûҰ,Ա⵳֮.
ʵָʿ,ϣ,в׼ͳεĳǰ,ǰɸͳεĹͷ,ͳε.ԭǳǰвǸռ,ռ,в׼ռ.
ʿµǹ뻯,Ҫ϶,,ҸмֵĹ۵,رǹҵĴΪȫ,Ϊȫ֮,ֻ˲˵,ⲻܲǻ˼.,μΪﵽĿĵĹ,Ŀı,ĿǸ˵Ҹ,пȡ֮.ѧ˵,ӷʵʾ,һЩȽϿѧĽ,һЩʱԿɸ˼.ʱľ,۷ϵȷ˲Ĺע.
35ڲμҶɽȱ:ѧ,2,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1984,6369ҳ;G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,163176ҳ;E.ն:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992,209211ҳ.
ʮ˼ʿûѧ,ⷽƷĲ.ожô,ڷ˼뷽ڵ˼һǰһ,Ĺⷽ˼ǺӰ.
1޴ѧµϣ˵,˵мҪ,޴ѧ˶,ΪʱһҪѧ.ʿ¡޴ѧ͡ɽ޴ѧ.ʿ²޴ѧѧƵĴʼ,޴ѧڵĸſѧ֮,йʹѧϵͳ淶.ϣ,ݽֲʹ.
޴ѧ,,Ƿݽ.޴ѧķΧѧĹϵǰͼһЩԻ¼۵Ļ.ͼ޴ѧһſѧ,Ϊ.ʿ°һŽƱ֤,ѧѧĲ.ǰ2Ȼ֤,˵ŷľ"Ȱ˵",ڴ˵˽.3һƪ,˵ʽǡͱ,Ӷ¶ѧԵ̽.,޴ѧκضϰȰǵķ,˵˵Ĺ.˵޴ѧǶԻһ,Իķʽʴ,۱Դǽ似ɷҪĿ:Ρɡ.
޴ѧ֧:1.ѯߵ۱,ָδĻ;2.绤˵۱,˵ȥʵĺϷ߲Ϸ;3.֤۱,ĿҪ֤ǰڵǸеĻǱӵ.۱Ҫ,Ȱ˵Ĳϣ֤Ը񡢼飩ʹ֤.
Ҫ˵,ԭ:1.Ҫ֪Ķ;2.ڼϱ෴۶Ҳе;3.˵ĶĿǴﵽ.
޴ѧ˵ķ,ƭ,ֹԷͬķʽԴ.˽׵ľ,˵Իʤĸַʽ.
ʿָ۱ҵķӦʵ.Ŀ˵,õķӦ̫,Ӧûʵ,ҲӦ̫ձ顢.δﵽЩĿ,ǡʹ,αʹòȷԡɢּʱĿƵ,Ҳۢ.
2ʫѧٲμ׽:ʮ˼ҡ,Ԫ׫ʿ¡,,1990,159160ҳ;G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,177178ҳ.
޴ѧĵ3,ЧĹݽ趨һЩйɢʵĹ,ݽʽ̽ѧ,ġʫѧ.ʿ¹۵Ҫ.
ʫѧƪ,ıӲ̫.ʫѧһϵͳۺ۵,ʷѧʷϾмߵĵλ,һѧ߷Ϊ.ѩ˹˵:"ʫѧһƪҪѧ,ҲǰĩҶһѧ."ʿ´ıʳ,Ϊֻģ."ʷʫʫϲʫԼ󲿷ֹֺʵ϶ģ".
ʫѧģ,Ϊ.Ϊвͬ,"ֲϲͱֿ;ϲģ±ǽ˻,ģ±ǽ˺õ".ʫѧģַʽ,ﱾӣȻȥģ,Ϊ˵ӣ񻰴˵ȥģ,Ӧеȥģ.
һõ.ǰڱԶ뻯.ɴ,ʿһͼȻ෴۵.ͼ,˹ϣеģ˵,,Ωһʵ,ʵֻǶĲȫģ,ǶʵĲȫģ.,ֻ"ģģ""ӰӵӰ",Ϊ"ģ"ʵӲʵ,õ.һ,ͼͷյʵ,յ,Ҫʫ˸ϳǰ֮һ.ʿΪ,ʵ,ұʵΪʵ,˵:"ʫ֮²ѷʵ,ȻȻ.ʷѧʫ֮,һ,һɢġ,ʷѷʷʵ,ʫܷ.,ʫʷ,ΪҪ.Ϊʫƫһ,ʷƫ."ʫģµĲǶ,䱾ʺͷչ.ͿʹǸȥ͸ȾЩģµĶ.,ʫģ±һáߵĶ,,˻,˷ǰ,Ǵ,ʵʵ.
ʿµ˼,ΪģȻ,ҪԽȻ.ǽĻ˵,Դ,ָ.
Ǽ򵥵,Ǳʵߡǿҡ͡.
,ģ²ʽ򵥵ĸ;෴,ڵʵ.ȨҲΰ뻯.ַ,ʿΪĿ:֡½ԡ.ÿһеκһ,־Եò,ֲĿ.ȻЧֻǵƷֲ˵ձڳѩ˹:ѧļѧ,1957,124ҳ.
ٲμɽ:ʷ١,йѧ,1985,65ҳ.
ЧԵʱŲ.
ھ,˵Ϳ־Ľ,ڹڱĶ˵ǱЧ.Ҫһѧѧȥ;ֽѰһֿʱ,ЩͿ־͵õͻ.ʿǴӵʱҽѧлø龻һ,ӦԼ.ʫĿں̶ܴҲߢٵ,رǸ߶Ǣ޴ѧ.ʿ²Ǹɺಽ,ԶԶ.ɶϰ׵Ĺ۲,붯ҡѱϰΪȷ;ʿǰʷѧʵΪ֪ʶо.ԶԶɵ,۵оҲȰͼ.
3硶ʫѧĴ󲿷ƪо."ǶľһȵΪģ.ԴɸװƷ,װηֱƷĸֳ.ʽϷԵ,ʽ.
ͨͿ־ɶеľ".ʫѧ
ʿоķѧѧѧѧõķͬ,Ծӡ֤.ʫѧгϣ.Աķи߶ȳԺͼ,ĿȻֻʱݵЩ,ҪҪʹõıԶЧ.˽ߵĹ۵,ԼļҪ۵㲻ֻǶϣֱӹ۲뾭γ,һͼ෴й.ͬʱ,ʫѧ۵Ҳѧ˼롢˼нϵ.
ʿΪ,һжı,,һ,ϵ,װԵ,԰ʽ,͸־ıʹ.ѱֳҪ:顢Ը˼루ֵĶأԡǱֶеأǱַʽеأ.Ҫ,Ҫ,ռλ.Ϊģµı,ֱΪ.ڲű""ͳһ,ͨ𵽾.˵:"õҪ;ڲ,ֺͻת."
ʫѧΧ,ν"Ӣ"չ.
Ӣָ˹һ౾Ժպڶ˵.ڢ,Ԫǰ5Ҷǰ4֮Դ֪ʶΪְҵĹϣѧǵĳƺ.
ڸ߶ǣԪǰ483ǰ375ϣѧҡμ,:1.ʲôҲ,ʲôҲû;2.ʹʲô,Ҳǲʶ;3.ʹǿʶ,Ҳǲܹʶ˵Ķ.֤Щʱ,ֳļͻ۹۵.С۲ڻȻ,ʧ.
ٶ˹,һµ˹.ϣеױ˹˹Ķ.ԤɱȢĸ,ͱ丸ɽ.,ɿ˹.,ӱɱȢĸ,ȴɱ׸.ȥ˹ҿ˹,ױ˹ӵΪ,Ȣǰ֮޼ĸ˹Ϊ,Ů.
Ժϲ,֮ڶҲΪΪ,˴.ʫѧ˹λ߹󡢴,""ڲ֪ɱĸ˻,鱩¶,ǳ"ͻת",˹ĸɱ,ϹԼ˫۲߯ųȥ.лͳһԺ̺,ڲܴ򶯹ڵĸ,ʹڲ˿־֮,ʹǾĶ.,ʿָ,"ͨ־".ʫѧ""ڽ"",ҽѧ"й".ʿԴ˴Ӿеʹ,Ӷÿ.Ȼ,ѱֻڴ,Ǿδеƫ.
ʿΪ,粻ѷʵ,Ҳ;ָ֪½,Ҳָڴпɷ.һ˵ֵļȲǹȥ¼,һҲԼĺһ,¼ϵ,ܷ¼.ʹʿʫʷ,֮ͬһ,һɢ.ʹϣ޶¢д,Ȼʷ.Ĳͬʷѷʵ,ʫǴ.ʷʵ,ʫΪձ¼.ʫʷҸ.ʿµĹ۵,Է,ҿ.,κ¼ܻἰżȻӰ,ʫ˿ԶӦñ¼״̬.ʿͼʫĿȫͬ.ͼʫĿ䲻,ʫΪһʽ,ֻǶģµģ,ǲʵ;ʿ򽫰ͼõձĲ֮ͬ˵˵ʫĲ,ձ,¼һֹߺ.
ʿǿǶǽɫı."˵ı,Ƕ,ҸҸı,ΪҸһΪ".ʫѧڱвΪ˶Խɫо,ͳһھΪͳһ,ǽɫͳһ.ھͳһ,ʷʫµ͡ءΪ.ʫйж,ж.δͼǰ˹ٻµºȫ,ʾȥɱǰ˲.׷ԭ,ʼ֪ԼʵɱȢĸ.˹Ѷ,ҲڱдϹ˫Ŀ,˶.ϣϼ.˹Ĺд˱硶˹.
ϣ޶£Ԫǰ484ǰ425,ϣʷѧ.ʷѧ"ʷ֮"֮.򷴶Թճ,Ħ˹.ͱסںȵ,ڼľŵ.Сʷϣ˹սʷ,ԼϣսΪ,Ҳϣ˹Ǹʷͷϰ,ݷḻ,д,оŴʷҪ,񻰴˵,.
ٰ˹,밢˹.ϣеӢ,ʱĸ׺Ů߯˹סࣨźڤˮ,˳ûнˮಿ,κ˺.ʷʫءдսӢ޵,տж,ʹϣתΪʤ.󱻵üн.
г"˹Ľ",⼴.
˹ڵʷдȥ.
Ϊ,Ϊ,,Щڡʫѧ7ϸĽ.ΪӦԵ.пͷ̺ͽ.ͷ¼һ¼Ľ,ȴ.
෴,֮β,Ľ.õľ鲻Ӧڻпʼ,Ӧγһ.,˾Ӧһ,Ȼ֯,ÿһﶼһĴС,ǲ̫,಻̫С.Ҳһ,һȡʹ˼ĳ.
ʿϸ˵˸־鼰ʽ.""
"",߽ϸ߼.һ鷢չ,һɫ˱Ե"ת",һҪݾĻṹչ,ͬʱҲѷıȻܵĽ,Ӧð"""ת",ʹ֮ΪЧľ.
ַ˸תת̬,γɾĸ߳.˵ɻת,ת;һڵϻϲ׿ԽŲΪԼа,ΪƵԸĻʱ,õ˽,Ϊܲ־.
ʿ뷨ʲô˼?,аͬ,ҵӦǺ,ƽҪ,ҲǸ.ʿѧ,,¸ҵʱųΪ,ⲢǶ.ʱָ֪ɵĴж,ʱָоȱ.ʿ˵"ȱ"ʱͼһһ֪ʲôǶԵ,һȴ˴.ⶼǿ.˵,ı:ҲżȻ¼,ֱӻӷĳϵĲĽ;ֽǲֵ,ǲӦõ,ΪֻвеĲҲŻǵͬ.
ԱҪ,ʿҲֱ.""Ǳַʽе,,ʫѧûйϵ,ȻõĺûֱӰЧ.ԡǱַϵ,üµƪ.Ը˼ǽھҪ,ֱӷӳ.˼֤ͨʵĳֶ,ʾߵ.Ըɱʾ,Ӧɫ˼.
ʿΪҪĿͨ־ʹ."",ҽѧмԵ,ʿѧҲʹ,̸βҪ𼲲.˴ʻڽ,ָһ""ظ״̬,һ֢ڰµ˹,˹.ϣеӢ,гΪ˹.սľơһһƥľ,ڳ,˱.Ϊϣѳ,ľƵ.
ҹ,򿪳,ڳϣһӵ,.սع;,ںƮ10.
ּ,ȺƷžռĦ˹Ů׿̵,֪߯˹·,ʼع.
ʱ޷Ѹߵľ,װؤ,ȫ,ؼž.ʷʫµսľΪĶд.
ӵеһ֮ʽ.ʫѧ,ٳһ:˹߯˹ıɱ˿̩ī˹֮ľʽ.ʿ̸ʹ־ʱ,ɵܴ˴ʵ÷Ӱ.˼,оǻ.Ȼ,һܵ,һĸо,Ӷõ;ָܵ,һ.ǴĳЩ׼Ͽǿ.֮,־֮,ȵĵ,ʵκ϶,.ʿΪӦ,ֽܴͱеʵ,ҲԴֵȻʵ.˵,ĳƵĹ,ʹõ,ʹָ֮Ȼ״̬,ͬʱøл;־һ",˲Դ,ʹ".
ʿµʫѧͱ,ԺкܴӰ,˶Ҳв.
G.ڡʿ˼ĳɳṹ˵:"ʿ¶ʫǿġ,Եȱ.ķʱα,Ծ֮Ըֱϲ缰,˵תõľ.˹˵Ҫģʽ,һ籾һЩ˵Ǳ׼ľ籾,ʹھ籾ṹķʽϲȡխĹ۵.,ȷŹȥĸַס硢ʫʱѴﵽʽ,֮.Ϊ涨ʫĳȣϸƣΣյ.ǿ,ȴЧ.ʫӦ;ϣ,ǱȽɫ֮ԸҪ,һǱһԵĹ۵㡪19ɶԱӢ۵ĳݿҪ.ѧ,ҪĹǽʫѧɰͼ֮ȳ.԰ͼ,ǿʫ漰¼ֵ,ۼʫձ,Ϊ.ͬڰͼ,ֿʫ,ֲֿǽƻİл,಻ǵ֮,Ǻ޻,лôĸо."ѷ.˹ڡʿ¡һ۵:"ʿµı,ԺŷϷ緢չԶӰ,ȴһҶĿ̩ɽ֮.ĶӦɯʿǵΰ󱯾;ִҵƷ.ǵӢۺͷɫûж˹λ,ҲûԺʷ.ʿ²ûͼһ֮ĺ׼ı''.ֻǸϣ̨ĳʽΧڴͬʱӦ磨ĸǵڶϣϷʷĴо֮ϵģ.""ʿ¶ԱĿĹ涨ҲԵʮ.ǿٶ˹߯˹,˹.ϣ٤ũ֮.٤ũ֮ī˹֮޺ױ˹,ɴս.٤ũѡΪϣͳ˧.ڼ,޿̩ī˹˽ͨ.սʤ,ɱ.˹߯˹Ϊ,ɱĸ,ܵ˸Ůĳͷ,ɷ.ǻŮŵ,̳иλ.ϣҰ˹˹Ⱥдɱ硶˹߯˹磨٤ũˡŮ񡷣.
G.:ʿ˼ĳɳų̃́壩ҵ˾,183184ҳ.
ԹڵкͼӰ.ʫǾǵͿ־?ʹ,оҪǷ?,Ҳѧúʶ"."ʿʶЩ,ʹǲı綨Ҫ.ʫѧƪ̺Ŷѧ,Ϊ'װε'ԼҪϽ".ڡǻۡ˵:"ʫѧûṩһ׳ۺѧ.ѧо޴Ӱ׼."ʿġʫѧȻ,Ӱܴ.ԭץסʵ,˰ʶĹ۵.ʫѧĿԺʵԵΪݵ,Ϊһģµ,ģζΪķʵĶ.ʫѧҪ۵Ϸ,Ϊ,ģԭӦõȻ,ǿ԰ʵرֳ,ԼƻΪı׼,ҲԼƻΪı׼.ʿΪַ˱ϲ.ڱ,˱ֵñеߴ;ϲ,˱ֵñʵ˻Щ,Ϊͻлһ.,ǿֵֵĳֺ.
ʫѧӰ컹صĴ.ʿ°ѽµʫжʫ,ǰʷʫ,Ϸ,ʷʫϷз˳.ϷԴҪڽʽйصȥ,ϣʼڽʽĳЩ.ı,һλͷʫ,һȺӦ,ڽ̼.ʿ˵,һԱͺϳžɴ˷չ.ϲڵҶ˹ڵĻ,ʵԭ"֮".
ʿΪʽ,ž޴.ǶΪģ,˱Ƶ,,ʶȵĹģ,һϽͨĳ,Ժķʽչ,ﵽһ޿۵Ľ.,ϴȥǸоеһг¼Ķ,Ӷʹ˸.٢ѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,169170ҳ.
:ǻۡ,֪ʶ,1992,125ҳ.
ڵҶ˹,˹.ϣеľ.Ϳ˿˹.ഫ״,ֲѺͲɼ۵ķ.ϣڼҶ˹ʱݺϳ赸,ϣϷ缴Դڴ.
ʮ¶ԺӰʿǹϣѧļ.ԹŴѧȫɹм̳,ͼǰûн,Դ,Ҫ.ѧ˵ѧѧչʷҪĵλ,ԺѧѧشӰ.Ӱǻ,,󳬹˹ϣκһλ˼.Ӣѧѷ.˹˵:"ʿԶᱻ,ҵһһεǵȤ."ʿ½һٿȫʽ˼ϵ.һԿѧѧƽ˷,˸ѧƵĶ󡢻.ѧ,ѧѧ߼ѧѧѧѧƵĴʼ˺͵.ѧֱ19Ͳűıʽ;߼ѧ;ζѧʹ"ѧ֮"Ĺ.ŷѧǾɻ,ֱºͺڸ,ҲԴʿµѧȡ˶õĶ.˹ʿ˵"һ֪ʶ˵ʦ",Ȼһ,ȴɽ.
ʿȥ,ѧ̩¸˹ؼ̳ҵ,˰ѧ԰ϣѧѧ.,շתʧ,ڵؽѳ˯.ʿµĹ,ѧǲᱻû.Ԫǰ1,ʿµ˰11˰±༭,Ӵ,һѧ߽ע͡о.Ȼֱֹ̻,ɽ̻,ǹֵ.Ԫ12,ٴɶ,"ʿµ˼ɶͬ·תƵ.һ,һС߼Ʒ֮롢ۼҮ˹ޣ֮Ϊ֪.Щʿɵ712бȫ.һ,ھʿ̹,ʿ֮󲿷һػص·,ȴ,Ȼ󾭰ٻص."ٸֳΪ,ж.
ʿ±ΪȨԵѧ,˼͸һ.ʿµ˼ͨ""ŷ޵,ʿ˼еΨ,̻Ϊѧ˵,Խֹ.1209ڽ̻:"κ˲ת¼Ķĳʽʿµ,Υ߸̼."̻Ľֹδܷʿµ˼,̻Ҳ˼п֮,ںֹ涨:1366,̻ʵʹڡ̵ɮ,뾫̻͹ʿ,,ܵõŵѧλ.Ľ̷涨,ʥ,һ֪ʶʿµ鼮Ϊ׼,ѧУ˽ʥľȨ."13Ҷ,ʿ¸֪ʶ߳Խλ.ѧ,ѧ˵ѧ洫ͳĽķ߼޴ѧ֡Ρѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,171ҳ.
G.¡ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,201ҳ.
ѧΪγ֮Ҫ.1225ѧУĿγ̵ҪͰ߼󲿷֮ѧۡۡۡ󲿷֮Ȼѧ˵һЩѧ,ζѧѧ.ʥ˹ﵽʿӰ֮߷,ѧͼʾʿζѧ˹,ʥ˹ȫġġ߼һµʿ֮ۺ,߾֤ʿ֮λ,˼Ϊ,ڽд֮."ĸ,ʿµѧѧѧ˵ʵս.
13֮,ʿµѧ˵ٴŷѧѧ,Ϊѧı.ո,ͼѧ˵ߺ,ʿµ˼ܵ.ѧµĴ٤ԡ˵ĿѧɾͶеʿµ˼,ǲֱʿ±,ʿѧ˵,߷ֲ.ѧϵҲһ,17Ӣѧһ˹Ҫά̹˵:",ûκһ±ȽʿµζѧȻѧи.ûбѧᵽ˷Ե,Ҳûбѧ֪."
Ϊ;һŷ,ҲǴ.ʿµȻȫȷ,۱µĿѧƷ,̽ȻķͽǶ,Ȼмֵ.ʿ¶ԺӰ,о˼ʷ.һǼ򵥵ġֱӵ:ѧ˵ṩ֪ʶ,оѧϰ˱ȱȽ,ѧҡ˼ҡʫˡ,Ʒʿ˼Ӱ.
һӰϸ΢ġĵ:ʿµ˼ṹݵӡں.ʿµĸ൱һһֱѧͿѧ,ǷҲԻԷʽ.
ǽ̸ʽϡǱܡʡżȻ뱾ʱ,Ǿڲ֪ʹʿµԲǧǰϣѾ˵ĸ˼.
ʿµȻѧĴ󲿷ֽ۵ȷѾʱ,ֻпѧʷļֵ,ѧ˼˹˵,෴,ǺڸĶȷ:"ʹһѧ,ǾûʲôȽʿ¸ֵȥ."١ζѧѧ,Ȼ֮,ԲʧΪǾ,κ漰˲ɲ.ⷽ,ʿδ.еһЩ۵Ե,ִѧһܳͬ,ʱ.",ʿѲҪġΩһǻֿ֮,оȻȤ,Ҳֵþ.ѧѷȻѧѧǵһε,G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,202203ҳ.
ٺڸ:ѧʷ¼2,ӡ,1960,284ҳ.
֪ʶҪ˽17Ϳʼִ֮ѧ޿Ŀ.ѧֻʷȤ.ֻоѧʷ֮Ҫ,ϣѧζѧ֮ԶʵѧҶųҪ.,Ʒв֮֮ͬͬ,עһ˼мֵĹ.жйǻ֮Ȥ˶,ʿԾһλ˼ԭԵ,ֵоĶ."վڲͬϵ˻ʿͬ.۲ͬʱǶ۶ôһ,Ļһ,ǲܷϵ;ѧ˵,Ϊʶ˵·,޿ɷϵ.˼벩,˼֮Ϊ"Ŵΰ˼";ڸ˵"ർʦ",еĢ.ο1.:ʿ¹ڱѧ˵,..֪,1982;2.ٿ:ʿ·ѧ˵ۡ,,1982;3.Ҷɽְ:ѧ2,׫ʿ¡,ɽ,1984;4.:ϣѧҵĹ¡,й,1984;5.ŷѧչʷд:ŷѧչʷ,,1984;6.:ѧҽܡ,,1986;7.л:һٸѧҡ,,1986;8.ܸ:ѧ,ƽӿ׫:ʿ¡,Ϻ,1987;9.˵:ѧҴԡ,׫:ʿ¡,ɽ,1987;10.ի:ŷѧʷ塷,,1987;11.:֮⡪ѧ¡,ձ,1989;12.:ѧʷ±ࡷ,,1990;13.·:ʿµ߼ѧ˵,йѧ,1991;G.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,204ҳ.
ٱ²μG.:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾,201204ҳ;ѷ.˹:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989,172174ҳ;׽:ʮ˼ҡ,Ԫ׫ʿ¡,,1990,181182ҳ.
14.֣Ļ:ŷ߼ѧ˵ʷ,ɽѧ,1994;15.ҶȽ:ϵͳѧ̽,ɽѧѧ,19954;16.:ϣ񻰶ϣѧӰ졷,̽,19954;17.Ӣ,:ʿ¡,л,1929;18.Ӣѷ.˹,Ԫ:ʿ¡,йѧ,1989;߰԰:ŵԵĵáʿ¡̨ۡ壩ʱĻ湫˾,1983;19.£E.ն,ܾ:ϣѧʷ١,ɽ,1992;20.ӢG.,ʵ:ʿ˼ĳɳṹ,̨壩ҵ˾.
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