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ֺ·˶Է΢Цð㵽Ҽɡ?ҡҧúֺƺѾ¶ûı顣ֺˡ

תصƾĵĵط߰صһأƾĻڸղŵλãͷϵǹЩɫҺ壬ʳָڰϣǹϥϻӦȴеӣŰӵԼҪ֤ľûҪһ˳ֺĵ绰ûãô̵ʱͰһУãִмֺƾĴûʱ£ӶЩƽЩѾԸٸһ̴ҲûʲôԹԡֺ֪ҪôԲһۡ
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˾ɵɵվֱ˻һʲôǣ񰡣ʲô𣿡
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ֺܽ׵鷿ʱֻĽվ棬߿Ҳ⣬ֻ˵үϴ裬˵Ҫʱһ¡Ը⣬ҲԵԡֱ
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֪˶òſ״ȴ˸ֳֵȳĽ߹ȥǷҪյѾ䣬ΪĿյҲ
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׿αϣ۽ǣ۵ﶼһؼңֺﻹҪܡԺ㲻ǹҲϲһֹĵĶ

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⼸ֺһֱû˵ҲԣǲҪܱܷͷСǺʲôСǲǡȻǡæȰ˵䲻һ˵⡣ܿ˲ǣСڻǺ
Ȼͱ׽ȥ׶ԹֺĴԲÿɷֻ˵ֺһʱȥʱտǵĵطСȻǧٸʣ˵ȻҲ⡣ȥʱһͷˮֺֻ֪ʱˡ֪ô졣
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֪Ҫʲôð𣿡һҸ˵ܷȻܳϿҵЦˣһȸ˼öࡣ
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ΪЩڽԣԻҲȽʽҲܿڽ֮Ҳ˴ͻ硣ֻеоĻҲֺЩӦ
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ֺȻġʱҲǱŤС̫ˡһʲô
һЦֹ˵ʱ갸ԶԶкȥƺҪܼ˸ʶֺ֮һȻ΢ЦŸ뿪
Ȼֺſʼ˼Ƿʲô⡣ʼȺѰף뿪Ѿһʱˡ̫࣬Ȼطӵ˾Ͳ̫㡣׾ڽʣεٶҲѰաȻȻоһ£ʲôأ
ֺһ飬ͷʱ־ף˿ķӦǰ׶ˣŶЦ˰졣ֺһֱЦʣô˼𣿡
Ѿеǡǡ㷴Ӧ̫˼ˡȻ˲ᣬЦˡû˿
Ц㻹𣿡ֺҿûĽӰӣĽأ
׿ǽŶӣϲȥˡһֱӲתôáǣҲ˵
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ǡʵĽ˶ĵط񾭽ţһžθۡó𣿡
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ű˽飬ԼûнԱ
ôҲûʲôĿ겻ǣ
һۣ֮˵㰲ˣһһЩĻ˶һðա
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Ҳǡ³һˣ㲻ҲУҪȻø㰲ס
ֺһû˵
һֱ׳뿪һ·һֱڿ⣬ƺЩįֺȻ˵ǹġ





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ֺÿĹ޷Ǵ׼ҳʻ͵һطȻڳٰؼңż׵ָʲô˴ؼң˼û뿪ƼҺͼʻطоҲСࡣֺҲ£һ֮ǰֻܵȣ򲻿ĵؿҲǿŴЩֻʱܶǰȥû뵽Լϡ
ֺʱҲȥϴĵطҶڳҲûʲô⣬ȻҲ˷ֲʲô⡣Ҳ֪ڳ׸ϴ̸Ҳ޷ץʲôߡûȫİ׾ԲΪһ˵ϴ󶼱ȽףֺҲûعϴ̫ƽ¡
ҪĹƼһЩ׵ҵ֮䣬ЩƼ£ЩǺλÿζ׻ĽԱһļ£Ȼ͵ڵ³ΧҲûʲô⣬ҲѹԴ£ɴѿЩ˯һһڳ˳˻֮ǰ
νѵʱһȻæ𿿱³šλӣһĹװﱧźܶļУޱֱ񣺡Ϣ˼
Ҳԡֻû뵽ô졣
׼ˡֺã˸񣺡þò˲٣ϲˡ˵ĵȻĴ硣
ֺԼȷʵࡣλϳԼ⣬ڻܹ˾ϴμѾ˺ܶ꣬˼Ҳְֻܻǲ֪ʲô˸λ˳ҲûףֱȥȻֺҲص˼ʻϡ
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һΪڼæ
ĵطҲҪˡ
Զָӣ
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Ƽ֮͵˴ſڣȻԼѳʵһԻطϢһ£ҵ˸׵̸ʱ䶼ܳӦǸ⣬ûҪһˡȻҲյ鷿˵ʲôĽ׼ȷطĴڣȻͽ޹ҲûҪûȤ

α鷿վڴڣͻصǰ΢ЦʵѵһΣ𣿡
ΰѻļڵϣֱʵƶǰʮܹܹ˾ϲߺܴһǮô£
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Ǿù˾ת˵Ҳǰ첻ɡ
վֱ壬Ĭһʱ䣺Ҳ˵ʿ;𣿡
̯֣ʾΡ
ðɣΪܾĻ˵ˡζһ£Ҹ˵˼ôһǮֲ˵ĴžôϣƶҪ̫Ϊѡ
ллġһ˳ҲҲ౻ų˰ɡھ𣿡֮ǰΪɧźߣʱװ˵ͣꡣ
ûôҰˡ
Ŷͺá׾εԸ˵Żκ»û꣬ҲҪһ㡣
һ죬뿪鷿

λǱֺĻĿ죬׼ʱôǱеһ˳һܾʲô£εԸ˵յ°˳Ҳʹ̬װգٴξͲȫ׵ˡ˱Ͼڶ
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Ҫ³ʱֺͻȻ˵һ䣺С㡣
ţ𣿡
ͻһ䣬ĵ绰𣿡
ε˵ǾȻǼΪʲô
ֺ˵Է´νʱ׼ʵҲ֪Ϊʲôֻõõ

ֺǵõյĹѳٿƼʱѾһغóţ;˿Ȼһϰĸоܶǰվ½·ڿɫҴҵҲ֪ϰʲôʱԼûʲôᡣ
·鷿ʱԼļȴ׽ס
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ŶðҲôۣЩʲô
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ѧͬѧֺԼͶôһ䡣
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ֺʶҧһ촽ûϵ⡣ʵӦлл㡣
Цһ£ǵáǺܶ겻ˡʮˡ
ǰʮˡֺףʱڷϾɵĽĴ֣Ƕˡ





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ͬѧۻĵصһе꣬ƹ⻷ﶼĿֻǻǿǸɾȻҲ˵óԡ׾ԼܾûĵطҲû취Ͼͬѧǹнײ㣬˿ܻЩȴԴûʲôٵǮƵλеĽת䡣
ԼʱٵһЩҲǹ⣬ȴƫƫԵЩ١յʱûзӦǸ̫һʱϲȻܿȺȻİ೤Ҳλ߹ȥӭȻûӦͬѧ½ܡ׻ǷЩı٣Ҳû취ͬѧ֮ͲڣҹʵױԡܼǵҲΪֺѣֺѺܶࡣ
ϾͬѧȻٺ䣬޷ЩʲôֻǱܹ˾֣û˵ԼʲôұʾȡĽ֮Ҳû̫ࡣȻҲЩŮʿʾɱȵ˧зȣҲڣٴŴ粻ǰô⡣ʵ׹Ƶ״ѾرЩȽ·ܻǱȽϸߵЦĶŵ˵ȽĿɲֻԼŮʿҲͶЦЦ˵϶һŮӡ˵Ц֮ûʲô⣬ȥҵĵÿġ
˴Ҳ߹ʵױʲôһ뿴ͬѧڶʲô뼤һֺʱҵڵİڶЩգرƺʼûһߣֻˡͬѧߣ뵽Ľ͵˼𣬻ζһµڹѶܾʱҲüƽϡ
ȻѾչòʶԷ೤ϲ㷨ɣƺһһ㲻ʦ׾Цһ벻ƣŴźûʲôͬԣȻҲ෴೤ҲֻЦЦ˵̸٣Ҳϸ¡೤ԵҲӦΧȦġֻ˵Լžʵεְλ˻˼˵ĳޣ೤ײһ˵˵ҹʸߣĹʲŸ߰ɡȻָָԱߵһˣ˵ҵһҷֹ˾붼൱
׿ָǸˣӡʵ﹤
㲻һ֪ڹѶޣͦСģԶ𣿡
ǰҲڹѶޣǺû
˼˵ʶ㣬һǸһ£㴵ţ㣿
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ŶҺܹ˾ȥˣҲǰǴˡ
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˵Ҳƣûʲôϵ
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Ҳ̫ǹ˾˰ɡ
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׿ͷ˦Լӵô¡ȶҪôһ㣬ʻտϵǲ󡣼ϱ;Σﲻҡ
Ҳǰ˼֮ͬȻʵôûһΪһҺþûˡ
ţиˡǰ֪šͲϲ绰ǰɡҲɣ
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ֺľɫϳطҲϽþòоİࡣ֮ǰҲôһŲֱ˭ϳΣաҲ֪СôˣҲ鷳ϡ
αϣ촰һƬڡʵѾЩЩ죬ʲôе洵ϡͷо뵽ԼҲ䣬һʼɰµڶѽΣƾĵӣٵһϴָ׿֪ƺһֱԼ˩ߣƾһӣֺαػתôһȦʾĿҲʱȷʵҪ˰ɾơһҲ֪ȱˡ
Ļʲôأǵƾĸʱ׻˵ѣɳϡڵϰֵĸ߶ȲΪԵ׵ֺʲôΪѵֺ΢ЩĺȻҲһڼÿҲʲôÿʱҲڵԼʲô
֪ǰͬѧǲǵԼˣ᲻ụҲ֪׷飿ҲᣬϾһֱû£Լ֮⣬û˾졣ŵĻ֪˵׻᲻˵ȥǰһᣬڵġֺ˵׼ֱ̫֮ǰôȻˣһΪףһΪԼ֮ˡ
Ȼ뵽Χ˶Ѿڣչ˹𾴹ùɰСס˨ƾġǣԶȥĿģԼֺ̫ȻˡȻӦһˣӽͲʲô³ڴ֮ǰô룬װûô룬ֻҪԼ˵ûоʲôûСȻڿʼôˣȻԼǳûã˺֮һ޳ɡֱ֮ĸоǸоڲƭǳˬǷϡ
ͬԵʱʾǶʱٸĸ绰ĸ绰ȫܽӡԼôȥأû߹Ե׵ԭԵײ׻ԸԼһ㹻ҹٵɡޡֻһ˻ҲţȻǻײסҲ˵öԣע󣬱ĸǿܻȥԱȻһˡ
ҪѧԼһˣûܰ㡣뿪УʱǸ˵ĻȻѰҵİʱҲ˵ˡڽӡ
ɰҲ˵¿Ը˵ȻʲôԸ˵ʱѾ̫ˡ
ֻԼ
һ紵˸顣ȻٴʶԼһˣһˣҲʧȥʲôˡ
㰲ˣһһЩĻ˶һðա
׶ô˵
һһͷײ̡ѵһֱţ¥ϳԷǶŴ¿ֱѿȻȻʼЦЦŶλϣЦú˻ЦֹľԾرš񲡡ߺˡȻڴŴڷϺһðףұƳġ





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ֺ׹ȻԸûκοץ˿Ǽңײעʱ򡢲ڼʱһЩܵĽѰҡǶʱһֱû˵ʵѾûʲô˵ȫ˵׵ע⡣ĽҪСֺȻûʲôֵܱĵطҲ˼ǲͬѧ´̼ôһ֪Լù֣Щµʱǵġǵô˵ûԣһֱǺпϵСԸֺͽ޹ܹ֮ʬʵʵ¡ܱһϾҲˡ
ֺһǰδеĽСǰǰʾԼܱ̫ϣԽϣԽ׾˳Ȼܻа취һĪǵîʵӦøȻܿҲⲢµһֻѹֺĻ䡣û̫Ļ䡣
û뵽תᷢϡֻйµػҡÿµĹ̶ﶼһΣûҲٻҲرʲôֻ䣬ԳԼķȻʹҴ뿪׼ʱ䰲ţһҲرȥԵһ硣ֻ뿪ʱſֺ΢΢ֺҲû̫⣬ˡ
Ȼ֮ͽӵĵ绰֪֪ĵ绰ڵ˵֪ĵ绰϶ѡҲǰ֪ˡ绰˵úܼ򵥣ֻԼһط̸ûʲô¡·ѵҲֻ֪Ҫžͱ״кĽýҲûٷֺڵΪ
Լĵص㱾ͺƫƧֺ֮ǰйҲһطǱ˽סȻһһ˻ӭ˵ķʽһģӿ̳ġ
һֹٶ·ʻ˵죬ǿ仯Ī⣬ҪʱȽϺãѾµ߻ءֱȷѾѸʱӲſʼʻֺúҲδô̼
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ĵطһұȽϿĿҲ̫ûʲôˡȻҲڱȽϿмλϣȲŴҲšվȻʾ¶ȥȻ󿧷ֻˡ
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ĶĻΪʲôֺϰԵķϣ֪ݡ
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ֺȷʵ˵ȥɵþһ˵ǷùܲڸʲôְλҲ͡ͱʾĬϡ
ǽ˵֤ҵûУҲܸҵ֪ҸϾһʽסʱص㶼ֽϡһֽƸֺֺûӣôңƭҲûʲôô
ֺĿɿԣȷƭҲûʲôô̽ݣ֪ҲûκвϾһѾ֪Ǿ죬һ갸֪ҲôɷҲ벻ܴеõʲôôɲ򵥴ǳС
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ʵʵֺ֪Ҳһ֪ûѣԽԼǽ˳˵һƻνף绹ɷ򶼻ܵʧˡҲûܴеõʲôôҲֿ⡣
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ҴҲ֪뿴ڵûа취ֹҸжҸƶʲôʲô£ʲôӦҲܸȤ
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Ҳδֵá˿ڿȣͣ˺ܾ֮Ȼ˵һԭ˵ҲδšһΪҸá
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ֺû˵ںĵǸΣաپĵȫţΪ̫ŲŻ䵽ȷʵɻڸɷ߰ߵ˻᲻ΣֺϵֽȲ˵ˡ
΢Цˣлл
ôҲʱ䡣Ҿȸˡ
ˡҲҵ뿪ֳΪѡ
ֺҲ⣺ûϵԼȥСĶ
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Ǻãֺ˵ת뿪
ıӰ̾һȻ΢Цʵһû˵Ǿֺʲô׾ͲòĴã֮ôͰεΣյĴ̡ʱըһߣҾͶȫˡ
ǣҲÿϧˡ

ֺڵϿŶǽڼЪ˸һ·˼ղŵ¡ҲĿĵʲôֽϵϢģʲô֮ǰһֱʱԵʲôҲʱҲ˼ҵȻǰԵ׵Ѿʹãݱױ磬رǾĿǰעҲ㾯ţ˵ô̵ʱҲδظϵü
ֺ侲ʼ˼֮ǰߵһƬհʱû˼⡣Ȼ뵽ԼĲ죬֮ǰʱָӵʱ˵ԼûһɣԼĵ绰磬ôٴҲûκ壬ֻǵĻɡҲûбֵΣաҪôźã
ĵҲ˼Ųȡж׻ֺǲãôѹסǡ
µʱȻһˣһҲױŵˡԶһæ
ͳ绰˲źȻʶͨ绰ȥ޴ˡ





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һֱĽ˳ҿ֮û׾ΪʲôȻֻҪû߲ͺװƽεĽ̫Ȼеһ飬ܻϾһνףһν׾ʧܶӰ졣ұЩʧ֪й¶ϢǱȻͨҲ֪״ͨҲûʲôãһԼ߳⡣
Ľ侲ؿųȷΣѾֻЩƺ⣬ҪǻΣ֮Ľ;øҪ侲׿ƽȻĽ绰˵һ֪ˡֹҵȻ˵ǱߵѾ̽Ϣ֮ǰӵͨ绰лһͨڲԱҪϢҲλڲԱṩ⻹һһŮֻ˽⵽Щ
׿Ŵ⣬һֱûб仯ȴսȭ??
Ľûлͷ
Ȼ׵˼άڿʼתͨ绰ܴ߼ϻֱϺʿ϶ֺĶõϢڲԱ˵ĻӦòڱṩԼϢ򾯷עֱӾͻᱻȥ˭֪ж˼٣ǲжĶʱ֪ͨԿĿҲ࣬ЩҲΪ÷ĵ²Żǰ֪ᡣҲЩл⽫Ϣй¶ֺϾǶֺ֪֣˾״ʵܷ㡣Ļ˵ͨһڲԱ֪˭𣿲Ӧòᣬ֪ǸҲǾԵ׵ĻûҪһˣڵ˵ӦҲóȻ˽ӴĻ˵Ҫ
ֻҪͨ绰ֺôǸŮ˭ͲѲ£ⷽ浹ӦúйͬԡҪȥ̽̽׶Ľ˵ȥǶ
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ʵҲ֪ٿȷǷĵ绰ѡľһһɡ
μҵſһ죬֮һȳͳʪϢױܵס˱ӡתͿһѪɳϵ߰㣬λŻĵѪĸͷһҩӡ

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ͨĵ绰ʱһӰ¥»ιµ绰ŷӦ˭ȻոսΪӵ绰Ĺϵֻǰײ϶û˨ܹȥʱѾһ죬һֻ˽
ܶǰĸŵʱͯ£Ů˹ʱܻӻӢȡŮ˹ô죿
֪ԶҲ

űӵַ߹ȥ˿εʬ壬кպۣ¹ڲֲˣʲôһҲ֪תΡ
趯ŸͷλЩ࣬ȻήԽԽСȻڵ˻ƿĺץ׵Ŀԭ²Ҫ
ױ֣ܵӶؿһۣȻЦˣôᱨأ˼²𣿡
μϲ̧ͷԼ˼£ȻЦúܿģ੸л׵½⡣
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