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ʱϯǾ޷ҵĸ߼ܼ쵼˾λһųüƹ˾Ҫһ㡣ʱʱĽŵľͷǶ³֮λ
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ԵŮǿЦʮֲãһ˫ӯǰ³Ķӣ޿
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ֶʲôģΨһˣȻҪһˣһӣҲԸ⣡漵ֱӷ顣
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ÿˣС˵һϺõĺľ٣ɷҿԵЦЩУĮľֺܾ֮⡣
ǣǣСͽȡˣǻῴɫ±ʹȡùһ
˸ңţȷʵǰѺ١
۰ɣҪˣΪѰҽƣʱٵչõһЦ
Ǻǣֹ֪ӿۣոһ䱦ҲֹӿϲһߣҲֹһ˵ļǮЦǺǵĽţæȥñ
ˣֻҪ٣䱦Ȥ
ٺ٣ֹӾͿһ۰ɣƾֹӵһǴ󸻴֮ˣҲøС˼һ䱦ļֵƤĵ˷ľУ˵һԡ
һҪѱƣ׼ֹǸ˵֮ˣҸոıɲǷһҲ߼ۣץסͷʧľԼ
ԣԴ˺иǣİȡϰ
⡪Ů֮ԽԽͻȻ뵽æվǰӡ
ûһֱŮʵϣ˲ֻһΣϸһƣӵڱϻ׭ֿš˫֣Ůʵĳƺš
ģƼеŵ˵ΪǱ͵ɫһס
⡪ȷʵС˴λģһǧأֹţС˻ƱΪ֤æȡʱ־ݸƿ
־ݵȻдɷ֣ϸҲǺ֣ȴϵãַǡ콿
𾪹ɻŮʵ֮Ϊλ䣿ѵ˽ǡǽͲͨ
ңںδһҪ²
⣬СҲ֪ӾȥˣˣҲѣΪһﳤǣؼ˶ǵģȥʣ˵
ЩȫҪˣ㿪۰ɣԣȥˣǱôŮʵİΣΪǡ
⡪ԼղһСĽӵǮ˼ҪԼҲ˼ˣ
ϲչǧˣٿϺõġ
ˣҶλһҪҰסҾסڳǱջ֪ͨңлˣƵĴõüЦĴӦǮүͳ˴š
һ·£ҵһСġĵ̡
վڵ⣬ĳǵ֮ǵߣǷ͵°ѹȥãһԵ£ȻܷģԼ书Ҫ֣Ҳһʤ㣬ϾܴŮϵ֮߱ˣӡ
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λӣ岼𣿡ϲͱƵĿݸۣôû˿أ
ĿСȫһȦ󣬲ûзκ쳣ĺͨ
ҵһ˵ϲˣôôأ
Ҫ𣿡һʵ콿ϲȥ˴룬Ҳԣ˼信ɾҲǾˡ
ӣ˾ȻҲ뵱Ůͬգ˼һתʵ
ԣܴȥһϰĲɹԱϰ̸̸Ǯ۹һת䵽˹ǽϵ˸ɡ
ӳȥ̸ˣҲ֪ʲôʱŻϲЩΪѵĿƣȻӻԼֲ
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⡪һȥһɣ빫ԵƬ̣ϲ˵꣬תڵꡣ
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һӴԺ߳ʱûϲǰ㾪ޣϾ콿ա
빺ϲЦ⣬û뵽ŵһ죬ôһ͡
ԣҪһ¹ϰ壬Ͼɹ٣
Ǿ빫ӽԺ˰ɣϲȥæӭԺϲȥѰ˻
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ֻ콿һʯϣĵĳҶ棬һĳڵϣͷƿģ
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Ů۲ʶ̩ɽհŮУóϷŮĳһаɣ屻콿һдܣʱΪˣȫȫҪѧ콿һУ콿ԼҲ˵Ϊʲôʹһ
˵ҲϴСˣķ²ǿĲʲôһУĶݺݵĽȹгأ콿εĵǰΪѲ֮ˣһָ⡣
书ͻȻ콿һæ˺
ܲţҾǡ˭ҪٸҲңԿºݻ˹⿿ûԹͨģ
ˣаö˾Ϊһɢİ˵ˣ¼ΨҶһ㡣
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ɶûʱˣһţ߷ڵأͿ벻֪ʱѸǺεȵĿ죡ȻṦһ׷ϡ
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ӽԺ󡪡λŮ׷Ŀ꣬书׷֮߾磡
ʱ֣콿һƣĻصģһžڣͷҲ̧
ϲһˮÿʰ̯ˣδ˶ҲڼҺϰֻȭȣ쵽ãһӲŴܻˣ
ţȵȣһӴӳܻسǱļңôܣ˵Ҳжʮ·ܵģҲðʱܻ
УٴοϵûһӣˣӲ֪ԼȻܵô죿
ӡӡλӵһˣϲȥҹҲûҵϰ˵ˣҲ֪һ쵽ȥĶˡ
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λӣ˵Ҫ̸⣡
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ڡϲһָͻȻͣס콿˳Ŀȥֻһλ续ĿվԼ
һӦŴȻʢеĵطҪܰŪִȥ˵ٿ˹˾Ҳ
λӣҾĵϰ壬˵ԱĵƷȤһü콿һרҵԵЦš



 
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ǰ洿ϻΪݣ
Էû˵һ㣬ֻǾ㶵ͷ·ԼǸһͷۣŵһ仰Ҳ˵
ǿЦݣ콿һΣԷδ䣬콿ʱЦݣüͣĴ
úõһУѵǸɵӣ
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Уʲô
ߵϣȻһ񣬽콿ݵĪ
ӺϲҲһƵ콿ݵĶˡ
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ϲҪ˵ЦˣϵĲ念ָˣ峺͸ʱһЦ֮⣬콿ò˵֮ʡ
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û뵽һ㶣·ʲôһ㣬ı飬콿ĿеĲţͺһ㣡
ϡƺϵ䣬¼޵ڶͬ˰죬Żһ϶Ļ
ʱ
˵Ůһֱòڻʹ֮ڣΪѰҽģ˵˰죬֪ƵݼǰĿġ
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ţҲôģ֮ǻǾɣΪλ￴ȥȴʵŮЩͬ˵ͷƾһؿջдŸҽ㣬æ콿Լʱڴ˵أ۲һ١
ƣ콿˶λãԼĲʲôŮʣһϴˣҲԼλŮʳЩѡ
ǣһصڣƽıҲŲסˣ˵ԼûлǲܵģһоȻôɣϰ˵Ҳ˵ˣôԼпŮʣǡǸòԴĴô£ѵΪڸʧٺĻԣ
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һԿ䣬ӺϲԿһۣͬʱЦԺڶʱһƬЦ
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ǽֵ֣ӲˣٺЦŵһ󺺣һֻ֣һ⣬ʮֺˡ
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ιģҺ㲻Ҫ󵼱ˣСҪҪҲ𣿡ѿ֮ǰٺĵĸһᣡ콿۲⣬Цꡣ
ȻǵԼ𣿡 в֮Ļû΢΢һЦ
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ȻҲûŮһ£뵽⣬콿ջЦݣǸĺٵģ罫̱ʣǲ֪ʹ֮£
ԣɣȻȣԼҲòżʵȥģж



 
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ûУҵĹְģֻǹ볯μŮʣʧЦϵĽһƲ졣
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ţĲ֣ͷһ¶Ա˸ȤĿ⣬һʱĿתĶ
Ĳ֣ʲô֣ŮʵĴŻͦడ
֪Ůʵĳƺ𣿡ʷ˵һ䡣
ʲôƺţѵǬ¡һĳƺţ
˫Ůۣü³һƺš
˫Ůۣʲôƺţ
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콿ֹţʼɴŮǷԼ
ŮΣ̫ƽҲûʲô¿ûŪʲô΢Ѳ֮ĴŰ콿ʵ棬Ҳ棬һԵһĿɿڴ
ǰһһŮȻѽŮڲ׵ԺˣټŮ˽ű߻һ̵Ķߣ˻ôʮֹ졣òһ콿ϵ澪ŵһαܴݲС
΢ѲǺǣҵĿһ´¾ɫŮݣֻϧ֮УҲ֪ǷʵԴϧ̾һΪŮʶΪĿǾɫ֮ݡ
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δʵ֮ǰһҪԼΪŮʵݣԲõڶ֪
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ԽԽƽĽˡ˶̸λǰֵĹ¶ֳˡ˵书Ϊϳ˿ҲĶ֡
˳Ϊ̸ۻԭֻΪӰȥٵмͳ뻯书Ϊû֪ĳ
˳Ǿ˵ǸòӵŮ˶ڴ˵ÿɶõΪԼõ˵϶һ궯ϸϸϵһģ񽭺⼸͡
Դһҹ콿ŵƨ󣬳׵ļΪŹߵһǻѪû¾ͽԼǰȫָ֣˳շ˵ʱҷаΪͽܵľ֣ϸ¶ܵľʴ򶷳ҥɫֱֳˣ
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û˵ҲΪȻͬ·Ǿһ߰ɣ֪ӡϲԲˣǽǱ˯ȾˣΪҪλүȥˣ



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ʲô˵
˹Ȼͣ½Ųǰһܵû˵ȴ͵һһק콿䣬Ϊ֪콿һй
Ұѻ˵вУҵֽɲʲô
գɫԣæһ֣ȻʶдأʱԼ񲻾ʹˣ

Ļɵţ콿һ򶨵飬˿ܣ˵š
塪˲еģһǷһǮģǮҺ磬ԡ
Ϊѵı˹קߡ
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û忪ڣ콿һ仰˴еĿģ콿ֹĺܴµ˹
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콿ŵһˤڵأֱֻɭɭۿ㶵콿Ҫ˶˽ʱ漣ˡ
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̫ˣδ֮ˣĪ֮壿
ߣΪװͿȥƤ֮࣡
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ߣʲôҲ˵ˣǣȻҪҾʹȥˣ֣ϵĳ콿վɸ͵ĸǡ
Щ˽˵˼һˣʹ͵ʲôԼûʹͣôҲܻɣԺҪǻ콭иӦģ
һ򶨣콿ĵϢǺܷڰ׶ľΪԼƭ˵Ѿǳ˶ҩûҩǻ죡ٺ٣ǳԵֻҩ裬ҲԵˣ

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Ŀһ漴㿴ſڵһжŮ˳ɫҫ۵Ľ˵עĿҲ⡣
˻֣ĺڷˣȻͽ𷢣ǺǣǵͷǲҲϹȾϣ
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ðɣ㲻ڵӣһҲȻ򣬳ЩȥҲУǡһҲ벻ص֮ǰ𣿡˹ʧôϣܴ￴ϧյŨ顣
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һת۱ѾˣЩС֮⣬Ҳȥϣ
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Ӭǿʳһ㣬һҧߵߵ̽
콿Ӭˣæҵ˹ϵ˿ڣȻѪӡҧģӡɢ˺࣬ɷǺˡ
ءôôСģֵطҧˣô죿ء˹һѡ˰أ콿ֱᣬ뻳УҵĲ֪ǺãһʱҲ벻˵İ취
ˣˣѪȹ⣬ҲԸ˹ԣţ콿õ˹ȷıԵԼ󣬽ѪУٶɸι£
˹һҪסҲҪвϵϸʼ壬Ѫ
˹ٴʱӳ콿滨ӣľʹţæܽŵҪԣԼࡣ
ôˣҡΪʲôˡһżǿ˵־Ȼ̧ա
콿һ˹¡ۡһͿ˳ϲɸҲסķй˳
㡪ءҧˣһΪҪˡˡ߿ޱ˵ȴõ˹һθоԼҪԣǵĵ˲Ⱦ顣
û£Ҫģһȥģһ˹о彥ָ̿Ѫĺɫ
ô£ˣ
ԼġҪˡΪ㣬˵Ѫʵ˵ţױ飬ʱòǱڵ˹ȴ쳣Ŀɰ޵ᡣ
֪һΪᣡΪƿڣ۵ĲȥᣬƯ飬շ˵Ĺ콿鲻ԽĳС
΢ıڶĴһβͬǣһǵĺᣬë㻮˫ŵİζѣ
´콿κգεĸԼ˴ʱ˫ĳĬΡ
ġ۾ƯıɫĿ콿һʱ˵ţĻ˹һЦ
˫۾ɲ콿һ͵첻ͣ
ȵⶢʵٲ˼콿ͻȻɫһתüĿ顣
ôǵߵģ֪Ӭˣ㶼֪ղߵĵأ˴ú콿Щڵ˵ţʱ֮¶֮õ˹ѣ·ʱǰԼ
ҿѨһ򡻨˻ʥժЩ࣡˵ţֽʯϵİ׻£׸ԼİŮˡ
콿һЦӯŸжĶ黳ӹ˰׻
𣿻Ҫٵһ֪ûȫָ콿š
ҷĲһˣñǰᣡǺǣ벻ǰĹ£˹ڵĶ磬Ȼôͻȥһĺġ
ţð˵˵ǵĹºˣȴʶʼı𣬵ȻҪһԼǰˡ
˹һЦǰ֣ʮָ۵գԼߵĸоͷĸĿʼ˶˳ʶ龰
ʲôԭһʼôҰԼ̬ʱ콿Щŵš
𳳣ҽ꣬ʱ谭ҵļƻһ̧ۣһ콿ָ˸Ĵ꣬йصİ⡣
Ϊʲôǻһѵʾãɣܶ˰Ͷϣ
˹Ĳ²ⶺһЦָ̧һţֽһա
ôܣΪֹǺе˶һ׷ģҪʾãǼֱҪȵ춼ѣεЦţ˹Ϊ˵
ҸˣȻңΪʲôֻϲأⲻǺ𣿡Դ콿򦣬ĪźЦĵ˹һЦй˻ı£
ţҲ̫Ŷĸоǡһʵඥһ˹ҶʲôʱϲģҲǳʶʱָоѾʼ˰ɡ޵ĸпţ˹ץ콿֣էȻֳʱ˺ѰľʹУҲҪʧȥʹˡ
ʵҲѾ˺ܶˣִĳǰĪѵԼǾèת
ԡӦңԺ󲻹ô뿪ˣɤͳӺԶĵطԻ顣
콿ͷʶԼȻӦǵһʹۡ
ޡԭôҡһ̾콿§ĸ˰һܰܰůϲ
šҰ㣡ᶨƵֵһδ콿ĶУůůĸо׵΢֮С
šҲᰮġһ䲻ȷĻشȴõ˹ϲ˫鲻Խ˵ĺ촽շתš
̤ҹɫصʱȻδѣ콿һ̽ºæ²ҩãι£ֽһİ򡻨ָ
չƺѾҳĶ˲ӵߣ콿һʱӦ˼£α˹Ӳ§ŵ˯ֲļ֣հ˯˹ȥ
ȴ֪˹˯ͻȻޱȾĶֱһһ۵ĽϸĿ˸ָĻ٣ֱ촽һЦŲıƣӡ
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һսҲаѣһܼͣߺ֮ཫʱһﷶΧѰֻҵһɵĵطɽǵĶϱڲ㡪Ԩ
ɻǣȥ֮ǰǸаѱ˹Ȼϲ޶˳ѪۣǧҲȷǲ˵ģǸа֮˵˭أ
ֵ֮˵ʼ̽ԨȥѰھʮ׼ں˼ǧ˳ųԨ
ʱԪаڽϢɳĽͽҲѶȫлء
ΪʲôҪ˶лһβˣǱҲûõȥΪʲôҪһĺŮֳ˫üа
Ϊʲôߣ㲻˽⵱ʱǸŮ֮⣬˺ѶԸһȻԵ̵ֿԻҲòɫüëһζ֮ɫ
ԻôܣǶԷ֮ˣûܿܵģ˫һգŮ²⡣
ţŮһҲСĵԭ򣡶ˣ㲻һ𣿾ȥһǸ˵ĵϸ˳Ҳ̽һ˵
УŮһ̼ԡ
ΪʲôΪɻаһʡ
Ϊδȫѵá̽ôҪ£ȻҪĻȥˣŮܣڵ˵ɡ
ߣӯӯɲҪ˽̹棬ܺͻκ˽飬Ѿȥһŵӯκ顣
ӯӯصԼķʱҲѣŲһתȥ˻Ρ
νĻԻ֮ˣЩͨ书֣а̿ƺʧȥ˱ԣǰڲĹߡ
ô죿˵ҪȥˣҺõģһ£ô죿ôָ֡͵ӣ絶쳣ˣҲΪʲôôԭˡ
Ȼʱǿԣ֮۷ĸյÿһŲת뿪
ȻĿȻľûа飬˫īڵ۾ûʱһʧȥһ㣬ֻܸоǵϵʹжûУ
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Ҳ𣿡ڻԣ콿ŵ˺ϵһ鼦⡣
û߹ˣʱȻܱţ֪֪ҰζҪڵҧȥźóԣʵٿϰƵĹ콿̲סһѶеļȣһ˲ĿУֻܵɴ۾㶵Ϊ
һӣƹΪ㶵ı콿ĹЦ
ޣ㿴ɵֿɰЦе콿Ҳ˲òȥϵ壬ֱһץ˵˹䣬ָЦơ
ƴĽе£Ʋ㱻סһʱǾ̬ٳ첱ӴֱֺæһͲеˮ²˳
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ȡû¡ι⣬Ҷȥˣεһ̧ӲһЦǺӡ
˵ɵ㻹ɵԲ¾³ǵģּһ˳ı
ȥժҩˣ˹վ鲻ĵһת뿪ˣ
ǵ̫ɽǰûвɵûıӰһĵĶš
˹һͣתظһĵ΢ЦһǰĳأŲӯȥ
ǵģôһˣǲ˷ģĿջأƵı˻ȥʣĿ⡣
ŮʻǡЩĽ˹ȻŮʧˣԶи飬Լأ
ͣҲ˵ڹֻҪ콿ˣôǼǲסԴͷԵһͷûĵһۡ
Բ𡪡һ˵Ƿһͷò
û˼ֻѣ㿴㣬ҪͰڳһǧ˵ӣЦһһ⣬콿˲ϵ壬ưգӲ˹ĸһЦ
Ǻǣö
졪ŪֵɫɬĴ֣Ϊ
Ҫȥִ԰ٷְһСܣһ־ܣҡͷ̾ϢһϧΪ콿˵㡣
ҡ֪ʲôܣǡΪ콿һŬһСܵģֿɻһڣ콿ЦףŶӲڵϡ
ôôɰأ˵˫ѣ塣
콿һǹһ㣬ǰӽĶ
ţַҿȻĶ̽£ȴڡ
ֵʱЩľٶ
ҡϲ㣡ʹһʯӣ콿ĺе˲Ĳˡ
˵ˣ˵ˣƽץ֣ܾԼϢԴǵ̵ķһ㣡

 14 

ʮ 鵴
콿һ£漴ףƻӣһʲôҲ˵СӲ֪˶ò˵Ȼ͸оİĽܲ¾Լͺˡ
ҪôĻʷ򣬲ɷԼҲϲСӣʱɵĿɰʱּȷ£ԼǣһЦ
Ľִյг콿˺һԭٶͻȻ˱Գ
֪䲻ŮʣǺǡҲǣѾôλĻʷˣôܺᲢˣŮʲΪ˿ԣ׵ģŬѹˮ⣬ӲǼһЦݣеʹС
ϲ콿ͻȻ̧ͷš
ɣĵԱֿʼˡ
ǡʷһϲŵĻشš
ꡱһ콿Ц˳
ɵϣ֪ˣ㲻ȥСˣ֪𣡡˵̲ס۵գЦ
һʱ䲻˼Сܺϲʲôϵ˵ʲôС֪ܶ
һʲôСܰɣӲӵǾ֮һĪӡ
Ƶ˵ͷ
ԭ磬νСܾ֮İƺϲˣһΪһΪܣ𣿡ܺĽһ´˴ʵ˼û뵽ǱЫһ㣬͵վ
ҡҲϲˣûСôԼϲأ̫ˣ
ףȲҪ֪ϲǺǣ˵ǹЦţϵǺֱףʲôһ۾Ϳĳ
һ˵ƸոŰ׵ֱֺĴı
㡪Ҳ˵ˣˣңЩĿģεתȥԼĲãȴܲס׹İ
ˣҲģҲϲСӵģԲҪˣЦ䣬¡
Ʊһϲ˵Ʈƶһ㣬תо˾ϲ
콿Ҳϲң
ţȻҸһ㲡˾żҵʱҺܸжȥеɢһյ龰
ҡҲܿΣղܣҲʱҲûж鷳ЩǸĵʹͷԼ³ç
ˣֻҪǴҶû¾ͺˣͣҾȻһЩҩ䷽ҶԺöֲҩܽеĳأǺǣѵǰǸҽ
Դ󣬲ϵķԼֵ֮ͺ񷭿һȤ飬ÿһҳϲ
콿ǰͶҽ˵㻹λʦ
֪ǰѧʲôҵλʦʲôģƺԼĹȥҲ˽ġ
ҾͲ̫ˣҽҲо˵ʷö֮£ʷǰĶ˵ֽϵ£һ󼤶Ե
Ƿʷʲôˣʲôȫһ콿Ǻš
ʷȫȣ˵ǶȵһˣԼƽֱر
ޡ˵˵ɣ콿Ĳڣת˻⣬ԼȻǸ벻ɷĺˣ
㣿ҽȫ漣׷ĸ󳼣ǵĹϵܺãһôʶģҲ̫˵һأӵظｫҾ˻ʱѾȹǰ¶ǵˣ߽Ҳˣ
ʲô˵һȥظţҲһˣ̫ݼˣ
콿ʱǰԼĽ֮飬ǰֱǸȻϣһؼأ
ûҲ֪ӦúΪʱһȥģ콿һ˷ܣҲЦݡ
٣˭ǵʿʦۣȻڣһҪܳӾеİһǼֱ̫ˣ
оīó֮ͨڳĮֻһ׽Ƕ˵ˣôңҲ˵ˣ
˵ʲô˵
еĴǶ˵˵壬˵ŮʵĻ֮һ˵꣬Ҳ˼ˡ
ǺǣȻ£ǰԼˣ޻Լڹﻹûʲôң֮ģҲ׼
ҪǷʲôĴͻȻһоԶʯжңǺܶ˵ĺϢ
꣡Ҫ˵˲վ콿Լ󣬾ͻ֮ˡ
һžװŮŮȴ˳һ콿̽ŵıɫеսŵĽ콿Χ
ߣû뵽ԨҲа֮ͽʶľ־ܣһŮ۷ߺ޵ĵ콿ʲôһ㡣
аͽʲôЦ滳ǵ״һ㿴а֮ˡ
ýƱˣԨ׶µˣа֮ͽϻ˵ϣһųὣ˹콿һһƿƣû뵽ȹʱڵأòǱ
콿Ҳ˲ǷˤˣӭסָԽ֮ס˽⣬һݣžýӦϡ
һдָƺסӿļˣ콿תƶȥҪû鿴һǷˣû뵽ͻȻԾһˣշɳһƵ֡
ģȺ쵰ҪûûˣЩ۵ˣؿŭˡ
־һƣ콿ˣȴ˾Ȼ֡
콿δ˵꣬һȻ˹ȥɵ϶ܽѪ£һʱ֮
˺ǰأʱ³һѪֽ˳ȥ
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ҲڴʱһɫӰͻ֣շ㣬תŽΧ֮һһ˺ַɻص˹С
˹Ʈ콿ǰһ˫ɨһȦػһ䡰û°ɣ
콿ͷתеĺէ֣Ȼͳɱ
ҪǺϴˣȲҪ֣֪˹ֿ϶ᣬæһס䡣
ǧôᡪЩģ˹һۿ˰ڵأѪһƬĹǧ֮ɫͻ֡
콿ҵ콿ˣһ˵һĻ΢˹ڿ콿֮ʱĵȥһ˫Խץ䣬ȫϡ
ӡͬ˲ʱľٶǵĵļţȴһ˸ǰ
콿Ǿţǰ֮˾Ȼǰӣ˻ĵأ
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ʶҡһ§콿˲ӿ죬Ϊڵĸ˸Լ䣬ȻһƬ֮С
ǧеİסϵĿϲһͣ˰أԼղĳ
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죡Ҫ˵ǿƽʱԵҪʱȴԼ˳Զ޶ԡ
콿ûĵһ۵˹ָ֮ԣ˹Īɫһ
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˭˹Źǧ
˵ˣûжԣǧһֱ콿ϡ
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ֲһԼ;ϲҲһƣ˹ľٶҲûӦԭҲԼĻʷ
ǧʧˣǰһУ㲻Ҫ˹Ľùǧ𾪡
콿Ĳʶ𣿡ŵǰһãȻ콿
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ӣ
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ȸŮʿ۰Ůԭ²һʱ嶯һ˴ͷ£ͬǹزģ
Ȳ˵콿ΪŮʵݣΨһıŰͽҪ֪Լ֣ܸʲô󴦷й˼ҵߣ
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û£㡪û°ɣղһҿɴĲᣡºˣûϾȴ˼һƣ콿֪εһЦ
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ҿǸϿȥôģ콿ǽķһʡ
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ϸĵԼĸо콿̾˿ץס֣һɵǰһǰΡ
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Сȥסһһȥۼ˶ѱȥ콿ٴηš
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콿õңȥɣҲ᲻ýԨԼȥ
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ȥһ콿ȫȥģǧȻһЦǰοŶˣ˹ȻвԸ˼жϡ
סʱȻһ㣡ĵתͷ콿
ȥɣ˻֣콿ЦһǷġ

а̿ͽ

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ɣһȥһӵݸǧ콿ϵ䡣
ͷһͣƺʲô뻳Ӭ˳
Ӭ¿ɲҪ֪𣿡Сͷ谮һЦ
ȻֻصˣȥʱӬ˦˳ûܽҲߣǧ΢΢һЦʧ⣬ǰһĻȻһЩ޵顣
ϵûҪȥˣֽϵ˹ϵõĽǷȫȻľٶǧЦĸˡ
һָ֣ǳǳһ͵˿һ㽫һȦһȦĽҪ͸ֻɵ
ΪҵģҲǲ񣡡ѧĻ˵һ䣬콿΢㶺ˬʵͻЦ
Ǻǣ֪ʲôǲ𣿡
ǧҡͷӴ֮Ű޵ЦݣЦģҲͬܵϲ
֪˵㶯ɣȻˣֻûû˵żһƵˣ콿ӿϵĶһžҪƮ
콿ǧĻ콿һתֱĻС
ǧ˳ƽֱսֲŪʹ§һ׹İ·Ҫֱ콿ȥ
콿Ұ㣬㲻Ҫһ뿪ˣּĪҲܲˣֻҪԣʲôãƣ۵ΪδйԹԣԴʧԼ£Ҫл̼ͦӲŵĹǧ˵ʹôȡ
ٴα˸ף콿ķӦ࣡ǱˣһԼɷеİٰ֣ȻЩİֵԵһμ󣬾޶˵Ľ֮⣬ҲǱʹȻɣ
Ƕ˵仰ҲӦҲأǰأؼǽȣû뵽ݵϵģ
ãԺ󲻹ȥģҲһģõĳŵǧȻи˽񾭣ָᣬ簮ͷ
һקƽطɵʯڣȥǵƮ¶Ҳ𽥵ϳ飬ֵ֧㡣
¶һɶʱ콿ϵһٵĥͻȻϣ˲ʧȥ콿ʱûģȻµȥ
콿ǧĿէȻѿӽҪԼ
Ҫû£𶯣ٷһ㲻Ҫɵ£
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ǧϴ󺰣ٷһĻе˹
ѸٵƮ£һѽ콿§֮ṦƮ
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ˣһղˣʧصĸоһҲܣ
콿û꣬ƾ໹һ˽УȻղŵĲֻԼ
ˣˣûˣⲻ𣿡οŻƣͻһʹС
֡˹һѽץ˹ȥķĲ鿴ƱϵѪȻϵġ
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Ƽ״۵ֱᣬק䲻֪ô죬·˵Լһ㡣
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𣿡·Ѵһʹ
콿һЦҡҡͷû뵽ĵ˹ŭ
ܲ㲻˵ȫ𣿹ǧ㡪˵һѾн󣬴ʹһٵļơ
ǧһʹĬȻղ콿Լץסʲôĺһж⣬ȻƮϷˡ
ס֣Լں壬˿ЦģҲܹҲҲû𣿡æס˹䣬ֳ빬ǧ½վм赲š
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˻ص˺콿ǰĲаܾһ㶣ѵǰ£
ĺϱӡ߰˸ҵӡƽľ֣Ȼ񣬶˴ļ˽ҵķɢ֮ڣľϴƽý֣ʲôˣȻܽ˻ٳ
һ·ɵ˵ҲʮˣȴӰ
콿һüѰΨһԺѪȥ֮æžˡ
ҹȥһ£ǧֵס콿ȥƣЩ˱书ǿ֮ȥðա
˵꣬ǧֱӴԺ
ȥƫԺﲻҪ˹֪Ʋ콿˶ĵطԲ߰ȫ
Ŷȥ콿ĵĲ
Уˣ龰ֻҪǻ书ģĸѪڣŵȣǻ
ĥȥĿʱͻȻ˸ߺ˰°ˣ׷
콿ܳʱֻһӰͷɴñ٣ὣץһˣȻʵ
һɢʱԵ˲ˣҲŶȥ
վס콿ǰſڱǽ׷ϡ
׷콿ܿ۰һ̤ԵɣƮں֮ǰסȥ·
˷£ǰһˣ˵
һ빭֮˹ڽӽ콿ʱͻȻе
콿֮æֽ˽סʱҲ˺˹Ȼ߳һţֱ콿ĻѨʧ
콿Ȼ浹ȥȦʱܹͻϮ
˲㴭ϢĻᣬ׷ι˲ȥ콿һƬƮȹ
ڶǿĹ£콿Ҳδ书ԣյĲͷܹɭɭĽתΪ˫ƷʮУֱԷȫѨ
һ콿ѱΣ硢۽ԱݳѪֵǣԼеʮƾȻ󺣣Էƺûа㷴Ӧ
ǺǣǸְҪӮҡܵԶأŭһǶ־Ĺ˹ȥʱͻȻǰѪȡ
˱ĿѪȻͣвһ񣬶־硣
һƳͻȻ֣תƮߡ
콿ûм׷ϣתصԣ̽һıϢãֻԹȥˣһ
һʹ糱ˮӿ۵ᣡ
үүģŮɲǺõģʹųص֮ˣ˶ȥҺð·˵˹ǧ
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浽ڸʲôεŰİֽдŲԴ룬Ȼ߻ħء
ʵأ콿ŲʲôֻǽиֵһǼҩдоԼѪоȻϰֵҩݳɷݣǰҩݵ԰
ֲԼٶأҪķԼھȻŶѣտʼ콿ĲĶǺŷ֣ԼڵҩѪ붾ѸպˣԶκӰ죬෴ģԲκζҩͶѡ
һϲӣԭϵ˾ϵĺܿ죬ټƵҩʮ죬Ѻ߰˳ɣڵȻһҽҩоʱ˲ϳԷ
ҹ콿͵͵ǱˣҪȥץһùҩ
ݺȥžգһγ֡
ҹĽֵ࣬Ψһֳǹ¥ȵأû뵽ǰһ¥ҲΪ
һ̧ż
ĳֲûעĿеҲֻǹһۣתȥ
ССˣ˵䣬ĿѰſĿһȦɨȻա
ҹΪʲô׼ѵеķ˲Ŀ𣿡ͻȻһϤһתףȻ˵˹Ϊͬ
㡪ôҲˣʲôʱԼģȻûв콿ԼĴ⡣
Ϊʲôҹһ֪֪Σգҵ𣿡ס֣ɷ˵Ҫߣ콿ǳ£ǲʱ빬ǧÿҹķ⣬ֻ֪ѡ
ȵȣȲҪҡҲǾõĲŻǿ˸ڣһŴŬļüŪ۶ֺ֮ɫⲻ֪ʱģǶôЦ
˹ǻĲñȥ˴룬ּЦļ棬̲ס˴ǣԽԽɴЦ˳
СЦʲôҺܺЦ𣿡ڵĳЦ콿һ۶תҪߣû뵽һ§˻С
ûЦ㡪ôôаٰ۰䴽ü۶һҲʱĴ
ι㻹ǵȥĪЩԼĴڸһ
ɰ˹һɨǰĲ죬ͻúõĲˡ
ֻҪ㣬ʲôҲνҹ㣡˵ֽ¥׼СҪż䣬ȴһ˫ŭߺ޵ӡ
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ޣסϢСԻۣ콿ͻȻִȾҩ۵֣Լ嵲סԷ۵ɢ
̧ǰˣȻʱǵзѣԱ徵ÿݣľѾŮ˵ĽޣӰͳӣֻһʱԱԱ
ŭǰ긾Ů׵˹ΪʲôŮ֮٣ͷ콿һ˿Ȳϣһ˫ӯӡ
ܱǸ˴δܷʾŭЦŷȵŭգĽľĶǡ
㡪һǺ˵һ˫ĵ۶Խ콿Ȼŭŵ˹
ʲô㣿ʲôϵˣ˵ǰ˹йʲôǰԵ֮ģһҲʵԡ
Ҫҽ˹ûһҲ¡
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ůĻһӬ͵һѣ˿˿ȺӣͷԼӡ
Ӭ㵽˭һ۾ϳӬ߿Ǻ콿ϣϲ뽹ġ
Ҫҵˣ˵ز˶̸ǻȥ˵ţһ콿ȥȽ׷



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һ·Ϸ߱ڣݶ֮ϣԾ󣬵˹лصˣ콿󣬷Ȼ׷
ָһӼ䣬˲콿º󣬲תŷȡ
һĪ콿ǰԼУеļΪΣ
ǰ콿Щա
ж°ɣ˹һˮˮ
һ֪ˣǰŮ˾ݹ콿ЩǸȻ۵˹һ˹ȥϸĵϸתһȦ󣬾Ȼг⡣
ĵŨŨı§˻С
㡪ҲҵĻʷ򣿡Լۻһġġεȫһ𣬺ǺǣִĻԼԿԿӰӹ˾׬⡣
ţɵЦ֪ԼҪ񡯣ǻʲôأ
ЦʲôôģĴҪˡʱ龰ǲܱȣ
˹һתײٿ
ûЦǲ˵ĺãҪȻǻᶼģǺǣ˹䣬콿ӲӵЦӳۡ
㻹û˵ʲôأˣĻӦû˶𣿡һָȣ콿˹š
㾹ȻҵЩԽܣʱȥ
ǲǣǲǵе£ôأӦʧɣȷ˵ʧȥйһеļ䣬ȴǵִ֮£ȫʧ䡣
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ʲô£
˹һĬȻĴ𰸣Ƚһ䡣
Һ;ٵţգ˼³Ľë콿ɵ˵š
ʲôû˵ٵȻµ˼֡
ޣԲִžϵҲ˵ͷǷ޹ϵ˲˼нϢ콿ΪĽʡ
ˣʵֻ٣йǧǶǡȴĵ˵š
ߣôҲϲǼһǰ˹һ˻
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˵ĵжԹϵ֪ˣĵ콿Ȼʧ䡣
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˹㶺תȥ콿ʼֽоĶУмζҩݣһֱԡ
ޣԭѹζҩأ콿ͷһéٿЦš
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һ㶣һֵֻ֣ǵɫ콿ЩĪ
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ˮĲлʶָ̧ȥе⡣
ŨŨġ
õģҺܺãʧԭҲ̫˵ٿܻ֪οĵ˵ľ룬ҪĴʱ콿ŵıۣ
̫ˣȻѸо飬Լ˵Ȼİһ㣬һУֲ֪ľܾ顣
ŵһ΢ŵ̾Ϣ§ݵĻС
ŵ֪ڶһİ벻ҪӱѴڵĸ飬ֻҪģĿоһȵģͷϴƵǰĶĸоĶ
Ũ֮ʱȴĶ˴ϡ
콿Щεƿ˷ȣϰߵ˵ǰ¶飬οʱĶ˻Լɷ
ȣǺǡˣƮĴţǲſڵĶˡ
ǧ״һŵЦйߵ콿࣬ͻý𣬱ԼУȻڡ
ʱ޼˼ʣȴû˿ã·һ㣬ʲôҪ˵
᲻𣿡ߴȪĵ콿һȣ˲κƮȼǡ
ҡǲò𣿡ΪӵжλʱܵΪӦڶ˶ʱ¶Ӱ˵
ʣЦͬ˭᲻ʣ˹һЦȶ콿ʹŵĽգĲĻ硣
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ȵȣ̫ڴ̼ĸо콿˷ƿ˳˱ǵеĵ˹һ˹ǧĻ˵˰ȫķΧǾĶŴʱѻΪǵˡ
ŵˣͬϸü˶һۡ
˹ε¼磬ڣǧԴǸ콿
ҡҪ̸عʱ䣬֪Ҫ£ʱܸǻعʦ鷳Ҳܾôȥҡһмλ̳ǣҲҪȥǵ𣡡˵һѣǱʱҪع˼
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Ҫа̲Żȥ𣿡ǧ˼
ţ
ðɣȻˣҾͷŻȥṵ̂һģŷһعī͹ǧһ˵ڽаҲ
ҳҲһʱˣڽҲ˲ٹа̵ĴԣԻݽʿΪһҪעǵ۾ֱӣԳԻֻŹδȻ˹ĳֵУȻҪСġ
콿ͷǵԻȻ֪
ǰЩһǽ֣ӦаеҪԱ书ߣԻҲûãǿԲΪһұȽϵģ
ǵԻȾȵ
ţҲ֪Ϊʲô֮˲ңǡһתǸ˽ա
ĺа̿ƵĿܣ书֮ܲ£алһĿܣ־Ҫˡ
콿Ļع£Ȼһʱ䣬Դ¿һսаͽһſ棬Ȼȴڽһ׮µ¼
а̵̾ݵأˮڣͻȻһλͽʵЩϵˣа񡪡ɡ
򱾽ͶϵʦĪаأĿ̨µĺꡣ
ֻʦһ仰иڶֵ࣬Ȱ㲻Ҫǻɲ̬һƬ˿ηǲƵĿ⡣
ߣڻСңĪаһ죬һ㽻ħؼ㪿ЦһЦŵڵаΣҲüͷ֮࿹
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ʲôȻҡŭһָαۣӲһľмɼˡ
һѴǣ㪵ķŭϱľмתҪ뿪
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ȡȡϹǺǣңʦҲûؼ㡪Ҫġ롪ѪӿԣʱǰģһƬЦԳǵ㪲ʧִ
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һƮƮɵȽͣ˽ģһɫжȵĲüһǳ֣֮ĳԴĿݡ
̤˽ģĽֱ˵ΧۣȴֶҿΪٱİأһڣܽ
ʡ콿Ƿϰ壿
һ̣īдܵװΣӦ콿Ϣǧֱ˵ڵϲ
ϲ˶˾޵㶣ֱԲ۶ɾĿˣǸµĹӣֱĲƷˣɣ۾ɫҲˮ͸
λϰ콿𣿡㶵žīǧһüһΡ
ţ³Զˣ֪ʲôʱܻͻȻĴ˹ϲЩҵĴţһ
ǰ¹ӣȻܿüȴ͸֮Խӽ
϶ĴöһƮ˾ϲ֮顣
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ǰ˵ҲΪҪǸ˵õأ̫ˣһ㣬ǡ
һЦò飬˽Ҳȹ
ʦĻЩƬ棬ǻǵȶʦ˵ɣ鵭˵һ䡣
δʦ׷˵°еҲᱻǣòΪ˵仰
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֪ɴĻشһԸĮµֻԳʹȤһŲ
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Σһȥץ˵ôͽǡ֪Ҳϲƭģ𣿡һЦоԵ಻
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Բ𣡴ʦ㣡дǸ⣬ѩ˼´˫нһҪֻضὣ֮
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а̳ˮ
Ĵ͸ķʯڣĿռ侹Ȼǧƽףİ輰졣
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һڹеĶ˸˹콿һĥһҰ׵ӼԵϲʱʱԶ
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ֻһλᣬǲԣԾͻˣԣû˵꣬׳һź衣
ˣ㲻ܷ裡ҪԣҳһԣۿӹҪУ콿ֱԼű˿סá
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ڷյĿռڣİıڻӳű߸ˣһֱš
ЩͨʯţǱԹʯƾ޷Ƶģߺ޵Ĵһʯţ˹쳣ı˸Ǹеء
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ʱԲͣĴᣬŨŨİʮֵĲ̣û취ȰοȻ֪Ǹ⵽˭ڵӣҲ֪ˡ
սĶѾˣȻа̵Ŀƣһṥ㣡պһԵҩƿ󣬵սҰĴѨʱ
콿·ûȫ񶼹עԽԽ԰׵Ŀϡ
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һٴŬۣ
ѳյ֣һԵĵţһϵԼߡ
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̫ĶҲ֮ӿУҲҪͷһ㣬ͷʹѵʶҪʧȥƵʱ˹ȥ
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߰ɣǳȥ⣬ȣ鷳㿴ǸŮˣָָӯӯ콿Źһ˵ȿʯš

ٹ

ڶʮ 
콿˳İʯͷʱ򣬱ǰһʯʯԵĿء
ԡĹҵţǧܴ򿪣ѺӯӯʯЩϤķͼ
Ϊʲôܿʲô콿üȻòйıˮڽ»š
ܣ˵ʯΨһԳȥ·ǡȷʵĹҵķӡ֮ţӡ꣬ǾԲܴ򿪵ģӯӯһˮ˫ʧʯš
ǸķӣȻԼŮҲƭ˹սеȡ
ӡǷֻ꣬ô콿һüܸȤ
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ûǲҪһȼΪȰš
޷ҵҪʲôô˵ţ˺Լһ˵ǰʯš
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콿̤ڣſǰʯϾȻһ޴ĸʯЩеֲ˲һ
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˵Ǹö˵õĶ˵ǼΪΣյĶ콿һ˿Цƹ裬ʼϸĹ۲측
ͻȻ콿оһ˿ԣһףȻ˹ϵѾʼ΢΢
޵ıϱޣŻȥҪˣʬġ
˹Ҳ˲ԣæе飬˽Ӵ
һƽ콿˿ߵǧԣ⣬ָ˸Ѫɫӣϧ֮ɫ
ɲˣһҪȻԼĻĹѨУΪԼʵĻʷο֮顣
ۣޣٰùת۲측ʱ콿촦
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Žıߣۣ˹ԥš
ɣ֮˵ʯŴסϢûҵͬ⣬˭ҲҪ𣿡һޱȵࡣ
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յײȫƶѷųȥɨажҲʽʼڼ䣬ΪУȫС¾ɵ콿νǰǾһ˿ֵֵĵİο
ǻָˣܺʹʦ˵˵ʲô𣿡µдһæת콿԰顣
콿ϵĲԼ˱ˮһһȰѷ˿˿ϸơ
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Ϸһģ˫ۣ㳯ڴߵŮ˾һĳ
࣬ҲŹģŭ˳ޣȴ콿Ѹٵץס֡
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һĽŲȺ͹ǧҲǰҶиץһˣǴиԼɺ͸ոձӳȥࡣ
Բǵ㣬ԡֻƻȥˣǧӣɫƵ콿Ǹ
û뵽ȴƢ
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Ǵ˶ȴ֪ڲԶӣ
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˵ĹѪɲܽʦϣͷһ࣬콿һаķüһ˫״ʦϵ֮ԡ
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Ǻǣʱ߻һŮˣ޸ǳ㻹ƴһأ΢΢һķ˿в
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ϻȻһ㾭йûдˣĶѾĲˣµҲӰ㣡ǧǻڸڵţȥǣ˵׼´ȴ뱻ϷһסִС
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䣬ѱƿӰ򴲱߶żΪõϢվڵĶǰ

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콿һɢҴⰺȻĽ΢̧۶˿ɲ
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ұԹ𣿡͸ҵķ飬۵ʹ֮ɫǰĶ˿ǻһ޲ץС
ûǸ˼ֻǡսҰĻʲôæǰԼԲܻԼ˲
콿һЦֱǿϷµĻУḧ§Լֱۣ򱡱»̻¶ķruǰĶǵġ
ǧһüѸٳ̽ĽڿҪ֮𣬶սҰҲǺ޵ֿĵͺһǰӵˣ
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ҪʲôսҰһ㶣嶷Ȼ䱻סһֱԶķңһԵĹǧɫҲòȥеȾΣ֮ɫ
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콿ۣһʹţҧ֮ʱֻǻ֮Դ˲ȥԹǧʹ֮һ͸̵Ρ
Ҳַܲ˵ĥǧɴԱ˯ѨԼ˯ȥҲùĥ˵ĸ
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Ϊʵٵ㣬ÿ˶Ӧ֪ʲô˹Ļһ˲׹׷״Ǹ
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ãҿҪúˣǾ͵űҳͷɣ˵ޣʱɲˣʣվ֣һͷӦϡ
ˣڵˣǲȥᣬˣǾͻԼУһҪ¥һˣһŵܼأ
УȻ֪ǶԷĵ̣ôܻ㵥ȥðգ˵ҲѾȥ̽ˣ𣿡ȷԵ
װɱƵĿִܶ񣬲֪ī鵽٣룬ҴʱȥӦû֪ĸ࣡ǾȰҪȥΪõˣʱӦòʲôΣյģǲõģһȰο콿Ŀ¶
ֻõͷΪҪ£û˿ģҲʱ޵ģ콿ʱδôǾҪȥǸˣҲʲôΣգ

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˭ҵˣβһ콿ͣһڣת·
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˳ţ콿䶨һտĻĵ֮ϣ˴޵ǺӰѰҲӲķۡ
һξŵӰһ̷ͣǰһֵʽУгһϵĺ跭תγһƬƬ˸
ߣǴǲԱŵģ콿Цһ˼ǰʽһԾϮۣҲһ
ָһӼ䣬ˣʽ˸ɢɳһһ콿ȴδǡ
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Էķ˿йһſ¹ӳ콿һЦ
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ٸҹҹˣѼǲˣδ뿪ԺʵԼǰʡˣľˮ·һȻˣ
ţа̵צҪҵʱδٺ˲٣أ콿˫ȥ¹ɫƽɫ
īһ콿ԽԽֻ
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˵֯ʱҪȥǱеĻҪӣٻǧŮΪ£רɱΪ׬ȡǵȲɣ
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ص¥콿װ۴͵һ·ǰڵڶȥȻûѾΪˡ
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û˰ɣǧǰ鿴δˣŷһġ
Ҫҵ㲻ȥҲңǡ¥طҪˣΪпŵܲһ¾ǧȥɣ˵꣬һڷȵȲ裬ֽʡ
ˣ𣿡
ˣǲ׼ǽȥǺϷ²Ҳµĳ콿ʲô£ǵһۣһﲻ죬ҪʱǷǳǵġ
Ͷˣȥǣ콿һڶȥȴδѱ˴ö롣
ţ֪ˣҪ˵ţȴ콿üͷ
һϵƣۣûжˣδõ󣬸ɴһŽ߿󲽶롣

ܻʵ

26
һ߿ź콿ڣֻ˾ǰѵȺʱһ㣬һʱҲʲôϲŭ
ˣ
ȥˣǧȿڣƽ͡
ȥ̽ˣҪȥ죡Ϊ˸ԵһˮǺͽ֮١
ǧ΢΢һЦ۾΢ţٱһ
ȥ¥ҳܵڣ
ǧüëһΪ⣬ǵ˵ͷ
û⣡ֻҪ˵ģҶ԰ĵô򵥣Ҫǹ¥콿Ҳˣɸȥ𲻾ͺˣ
ԣ콿¶ЦݣԽĻḧ˫Ķľӡ
Ҫ˵ҵ⣬ĵģ֪û˵ˣ
һŰ޵ĸһ߳˼֡
еӡ񣬺̸ְһ󽫣ôֶȤˣץ֣ĸÿһָ
ߣ
콿˵ֻսҰһվɫڳ˳ȥ
콿ıӰͻһЦҡҡͷ˻ǷŲأҲգͳλһţƢ漴ҲԹ˵ĺ͹ǧ̸Źŵ¡
磬ɹǧִ֮ٸӡǰȥ¥Թа֮˴˵أѲȫ¥ҳп֮ȫ٣̽漣
ôһֱعɣ콿һл鳵ĵ˹תһЦš
̴ٵĵһ죬һƾճ鳵˹ֵ֮Ҳͬʱݳ֣ԭǲʻġ
ݼˣĹڵ˹콿ǰһĹ
콿ĿⶼλʱһֽսҰߣĮȻ
ͻȻס۰սҰһ㶣üůϵĳҲȥ˲٣֪ԼˣòʧĿԼ±ʾϣüǳЦ˸콿Ĳ˾
кˣ˹ǰһһ纣䡣
ҹ峤ϻϢһشϢ²Ÿ㱨һͷ˵š
˵
дŮ۱°ɰٹ𾪣ĻŻţʵȷʵΪﳤѽʵˣ
ԣ˾һüͷֻ콿ȻȽĴ߳
ֱǺ޾ڴˣ°֮˵üһʹŶˡ
һ̧ͷȻŮʾԼǰһɣָæͷȥŵһ͡
ŮС˲࣬ͻȥʵ
ã޴ʱҪ̻عǸžˣ˵꣬һԱݱţȻֽӻˣǽܣԼŻǸϻػʹ
СӽܰѱǱƹԹˣһش񡪡Īаʦһ㪵䣬ƱҪ콿һ
Ҳûţ콿ļƻʼеʿַа֮٣ΪأʼģļὭʿǽʮΪƺƴ֮١
콿ݻسǣĵͬʱҲΪٸ£Ů۱°¸ң
Ȼȷʵ°һλŻ۵Ůˣ콿װԴڹ࣬Ȼ̤˹ţȴ˸°ߵģϡ
ѽҹĻʱ֣Ůʥͣȫٹڳ֮ڣ˼콿󣬰תص˼Ҳһƽˣ
ŮʣСŮڵ֪Ůʱ°һʱͣѶ׷ˣƹܽ޷֪ںδʵ¹ٵǲѣһȥӰٹվ˳
˵⺢ӣô׳嶯㲻õģޱ°ңѲƣ֪ᾡϻصģ⣬޻ᰵѰټƱػȫĻ֮ϵ콿üĳ֮ķ˲٣
ϲŮʴ󲡳ףŮǧԡٰɶǰķתΪ׵ˣ񾭹Щļ֤ʶ콿ͳ
ţͽ༪ˣ޸ٰҪȰ޵ģƽңһ£ϣ֮ڸһĴ𸴣޵һЦȴЦĵŮʶڵĶԳֻڹڻԼǰ;Ƕֶѣ
Ҳգ̫ƽšҲ˭ġξĸȥ£ҲһʾԼģ
ڹԱоЦ֮⣬ڳΪߣ֪ŮʵǵжԵĹ£Ҳ˳µЦŮĹ㣬ûгȥĹְ
콿ŵµİٹЦı飬ĵһЦҪľȷĹ鳯Ͳٹڹȥˣ˴ֻΪٹٿҪԼͳͥӲķ񣬴ȥҲΪʣǺǣһʯ֮ơ
˳֮콿ںлһ
⺢ӣһ߾꣬㿴׷Ǹ㼱ģһõĵ콿ȴǾϲ֮顣
ĻصùûǵõʱһļĬͲʣԸˣһ׵콿ǴȰ֣š
ţеԸˣǺǣλˣ콿ڴ˸ˣ˵žҪģĹæһ۵Ľ
ˣѽ˵ļϵڶû˸ϵһҼʲôҲûˣҲ㻹ǵǣٲһϹͷɵȲˣչһЦ֮鱻һɨһɶ
͹ù˵˵궼ʲôʲôģһ𣿡һţµġ
콿̾ϢһѶڽ֮Σȷŵһߣȫȫλ۳ĳһֱҹ
ʱŮεˣ콿ƣǺ뿪콿ĵȥϢ
콿ȴû޹ֱȥ
ôʲô쳣𣿡
רעڲԵľī̧ͷһĳţԷǺԡ
ԵʾϷд֮գа֮ɢҲ¡Ҫҵ˱ضǸλ
꣬콿һī֮ɫظһЦ
֪û˵а֮оζ
īһҡҡͷ֪Ķ֮ѧ֮Ҳ˽⣬ʱа֮ɴδŹ
״콿˷ܲѣֱ˾īԡ
ʱа鼮ѧΪһ֮Դȴ֮֮а֮ϻأΪеشӣܵ˲ƽĴĻɺޣŴ˴
īļΪ棬иǶ콿Ĳѧ֪֮
ԭˣΪʲôһֱδŹʮ꣬һҲ
ʣ콿һЦ
ΪΪаʹ֮˱ػ٣г֮˼Ϊټһ㶼ǵ̳²ģ˽ʮ̫꣬ƽս·粨һ٣Ⱥ֮Ҳ޴֮أһٷΪǿ϶ӣˣһҲ콿Լ⣬ȴ͸ſ֮
ǡ֮˵аصайˣīԽһ
û콿͵ļһ¡
а̵Ĺңļ뷽֪ĽȫһˣҲ²аб˳Ŵ˽˵⣬콿ͣһ£а֮ˣڻ˿ԥɱ֮δ̫бֿ֮ңʵԴ
īɹǣǿ콿ԥ˼һתﴽѧУһ־Ըһޣаޣ׳󣡡˻һ콿һ
׼һ£ȥץǸ֮ͽͽǷϵһʯ콿Цĺɡ
īȴ⣬Ϊ̬콿ɫһ
ҷȥҪץˣȥҲȥðգΪ飡㲻Ҫץ˺εĵˣ
û뵽콿ȴǺǺǵЦ
ʲôʱҲѧôĴˣץ˺أˣǰѾӴ㪣ҲЩ˽⣬ȥΪ׵ҡ˵һת䣬òˡ
ʲôһͳɫ󣬾īЩŵץסһָ
ҡ׼ѻλó
īһŵ
óø˭㲻ʵҪȥѵȥһ϶Ǽԣ
Ȼңˣø˭ǺǡҪǵˣصһЦ콿оƵĸ˸ӺͶʱһڣ˼֡
Ҳ˼ܺʱסջ󣬴ʱľīɳ鲻Խķſ̣һ˫ֱϸ
ϻûȫЦһĹĶͷζ֮⡣
콿һЦԭʥׯϵһɨ⣬ת˼ΪϢ
Լ仯콿˫ĵ
ǽҾеѨϣΣ˵һ˫źѲĲ۴ǰɵĿգһ㡣
īһ˫һҪٲʾǾɵӣȫ˷ܵתҪϢңȴͻȻסȥ·
֪ҪңսҰһɫĽۣе֮
콿Цһ֪ͣծǳҪģͷŶ񲻶ľīǰѾȨɣԼͻȻĵţ

Ϸ

27
ͻȻһϢУ콿ɴͷһ񣬿īĻУȫȻǰ֮ܲʣнȥ
ú󣬶û˳콿Ųò̧ͷ鿴һƣþīţҲ̫ˣ
û뵽˶һţԳ־Ŀ⻥ŶԷ˭Ҳãпһļʽ
ɲΪԼҪǴ˳ȥŮʵҲҪˣøϽѿ֮ƣ
ͻȻýЩˣǡҪúϢһ£ǡһȻعˣҲúϢɣ˵žҪӾīĻ뿪ֱȴһԼ˿˲ˡ
ãؿǽˣ콿ΪգգȵĽëһ˫صתš
ڣ˵ˡ
֪ôҵ𣿡սҰһ콿һҪʵı顣
ܺ棡īҲ콿ս˵ĳͷȤһüëʵ
ǺãǽȥʱԱݸ㿴аһЦǸ𺧽Ķֻˣ
ҪҪع콿һǻ˵ã
Щ˵Ҫһ飬ܲˣǼӿ˾īĻȴֱһ
ߣ̺ˣ˵ţǧİ콿Լһī˸󣬴ŵڵԷȥ
㣡Ҫںĵʹ£ӦսҰǱΪ󣬾īЩ۵ԸҼ콿һֱԣԷСĴսҰļϵ
ֱ콿˴Ϻ󣬲뷴õģװףȥˣ
սҰǺһЦʼԼ·ÿһ콿·ڵϵ
ҿǲҪˣᱻŵīķ֣һĲģǰ콿ڻǻ
ϣòսҰѵһʱһ磬ֱ˴ǽʵѹ콿ϣл˸ƺҲ֪ǴŪġ
֪ƺװʲôһһ̧֣ƺ˾īǰ
콿һƺۣǻŭսҰ
ôôǳ𰡣Ҫԭһ𣿡ҪǸңԼĲ
սҰа⣬ƺڴͷԵĹϣҳҰԵջԸеķᴽ˵һ乾
ˣðɣҴˣǡͬΪɷܲϷСҵĲҲǿԭµģԽԽһſŵĿ콿ǰһľ룬˱˴˻ŶԷҡ
һͱԻˣ콿ͷһת˾īľԣԭѰȫ֮أȴҲǽԼκˡ
īƶĹıѿʼѰˡ
˭Ҳֹ˵ģ鳱ԭͺһ컡
˱ϣֿʼ˱ѩ׵Ķ䣬żҧ
ȫűܿԡ
սҰҲûţյһ˫ֿʼ콿ϵ·Լѵʱһ˹Ƿ·Ǽгһ㣬һϵȽϵ۾ͻС
īĴʼ»콿һıỬеֱѡķ֮С
ȫȻѳе콿ûע⵽ʱսĶϣϵһ޷죬һѣһףһҲա
ʵɳɢҵĴ£ȥ˴ϢĻȴڲסҵ컡
֪ʱīʼרעգѵˮ㣬ϣһĵϲķʽ
ʱͻȻǰһ콿һĿһսҰ֪ʲôʱͬľƺֻصϣһĽƾҺ˱ǵľǰ»ţݼÿһ˷ܵ񾫡
ûиŭʱ䣬սҰаȵһЦžҺĵطʼշת˱ʱһ΢ĸоĿڣҪŭתں仯Ϊһ
㾹Ȼ棿УǾԽɢԽŨ콿ǼһͻȻǺеľƾȻϣ𡪡ֻһҤĳҲΪ󣬾ǴڹеҲǺ޵ġ
Ҳֻ⽿ҡֲ˷ѣϵÿһξƣҶһɶսҰȫΪüҺţ콿ʱƻһ㡣
īעһսҰϵľƺͷһڣѸٵĸĴƵĴ㣬Ľ뼺֡
գ΢ľҺֲס콿ʧƽ⣬һԵȫк£˫ȼʥء
Ȼֶ˸һ˫ֱ¸ʵֻܷĵΪ֪ȼʲô
սҰ̧ͷȵĶȥľҺͻһ䣬ĿȼϪ֮ء
ҪһҲ콿ס˿chunһ˫ƿսҰֱһסá
ⳡŮ˵ıսϣĳףѾȫ벻ݶˣ
Ǿøݼһ㣬īȫ޺Ѫķӯ֮һڽУʳru㡣
һϷϷjiһϣȫûиκһϢʱ䣬Ҫļį벻ȫһأܵ
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ҹɫŨƳĺӵϴʣһװλĻͣˮ棬ų⻪ɴƮĳϸˣɾ֮С
˼ɾһĻ֮еϰǷϿɿһ˿
û뵽¶ܾȻҲʶٸ֮ˣ̫ˣ¥˽ȥʣһһģָһָеľƱӦ飬ȴȫû˵֡
ϴҿǻбҪȲǸ¶ܵͷ㣡ϴε³çжѾݾˣҲ˷ĴʥʹĵѩһȻȴͷһ
⣬ңŴǲԵĺ棬еһθе˳أ¶ܹȻǸѶԸĽɫҪɱҲḶһĴۣ
ߣǵĻΪеʥʹ͵ʱΪ룬ԷʲôûŪɱˣѩ겻񣡡ݵָ΢΢һΣһ˫ĵֱ鲻š
˵ʲô鱻ָűȻݣһӾҪ֣ȴһֹˡ
Ȳ˵˭֪䣿ȻǸΪʲôüһҲΪǡ
УŲǸˣòΪѳ˰ɣֻЦţеĿ˭ĳ
ܾ࣬ˣƽʱ湴ҲͰˣ񻹻˵·ǣҲΪʥʹһŭ⡣
ǺǣЦ֮ԺЩһ޷ΪĶ·ǡҲֻʵʵ˵ˣ£㲻ҪѪˣҲ黥˳ۣ඼Ķ֡
㡪
ˣǷӿˣǻԼ֣ұ죡ѩȥ䣬ɱ¶ܵ¾ʱȷһţͲסǵĺ峳һĲ
ǣһֱĬͷ˼ѩͷӦ뿪˻ҹɫӳһƮں֮ϣ̤˺ӰѸٵʧ١
ⲨתԴָĸʣĶ֮վ˴ڡ
࣬̽¶ݵ£ͽȥ죡պҴ𰸣⡪˵ţͻȻоһɳصаɱ֮Żƽ⣬ȫԴ
˭ȻˣδβһߺڵĸҲͣҾһĪЩ򴬲ڡ
ֻһѪӰƮɴ΢һŸߴѾվǰ
ӰҪǵҲ£æһ΢ҵ񣬳ȵˡ
ǣ
ǽһɱ֯ͷ죬̾Ȼ治ɫ㪺ˬĴЦԹ˵ԭλϣһΪĴΡ
¿ˣڽɱԵڶλԾӣظҲ֪ްɣһЦ࣬ȥһӣȥȡƲд˹͡
˵Լݣɼָˣβһ㣬ԷҪʲô
ޣߣͲɱˣ˽ɽ˻ɱְ𣿡㪶ԶЩ˽⣬ȴδˡ
ԣ΢΢һЦиǾ֡
ҽ̸˵ǺҲɣ֪ûȤһʴأ㪺ϵĵľƱϵĲɫԴ޵ü

ı

28
28ı
΢תȥһ˿ɻ󣬷绪һЦΪ㪵һơ
֪µĴСôԵ֮ٹԲѡ
㪹һЦɫһ˿⣬һǹ⻬գòˬ졣
һЦ΢ͣܿȥеɱ⣬̸Ц
֪Źа֮һ⸬ڣҧ˵
Īǳа̵ĸˣȻ̸Ц䣬Ѷ˵ĵϸ֪˸߰˷֡
ţôҲض֪صˮӱһ˸ˣҡ˻¥˵ĶԲ԰Ŀбһۣɫ΢䣬ͻһЦ
ԭͬеģӯӯһЦ⡣
һ뵽¶⣬еľƱʱΪҾƮɢҹ֮С
ߣ֪¶˭𣿻֪ݺ¥һҲˣĴ
ޣԹ¶ָܵˣ˼һһƱΪ䵹Һװµš
ΨһͽܣɽŸҶ𣿡һܾȣﵽƵĶһͣ졣
ôܣ¶ûκݣ˵Ҫɱ֮ҲǲףİͽǴ˴εҪŵɱʷһĨڼˡ
㶣һЦѹƵ֣ΪԼһԵõһЦ
Ҳ̫ģֻҪϺͱ̺㱨ϴޣ
δ̽ƣָЦݣӯӯһʡ
赶ɱˣĸɱ³ɫͻ
ν赶
赱Ů֮˼һйߣƣк
ѵ뵱Ůй
ߣǱԼҵģ֪Ůںδ𣿡㪵һЦֻҪƣԲ¶ܣԺ¡
ǾҪ̽ˣάһЦЦմ󿪡
ŮݣĿǰҽͣ
ɫһףίĻ֮⣬˷ǰŮʣ˵ɱͷҲ¶ܻкγޡ
ֻҪϱ̵ļƻ̵ʱһг˵ģյһЦ
˼һת²ΪУŮʵ¶ҲҪΥԸֶһС
ͷһЦԼļƻ裬һ˵ıȽչ
糯ʱ֣λԱһˬĺڴΪŮʴ󲡺һϳҲǰͽʱ˵ȾǲŹġ
ҵȣǲŮʱ֮һƬ۷׷ףҳسǧīڳЩƽԺ󹬵ңʱҲ޹˼ɵڶ
ʱһλڹ٣ŮʽղλԱ˵
ɣҾ˵Ͽ϶ڻʷУһȻҪȰοú弢ĻʷˣһλԱһС˵ĶԱߵ˵š
Ҳһ֪˭ҲûۣΪɫƣ˶ĵܵܽҪ󹬣ȻԸϳں󹬣³еĻ̵ظ˵
̾˿תŮʲУһƵ֪
ʱ 
ʲô˵糯ûϣǻںδ˹Ϊȵš
⡪ūŲ˵мɵ֨
˵
ǣŮ˵һֱУڡδ˵꣬˹Ѽ뿪ˡ
ֻȻȴīһҶȥֱ⣬콿档
ڽݣ߱ԣһĿ֮ɫ
Ϣ̾ĪҪţ
ÿһϣ˹״ĻС˾īͣڳ鹬͵õʶҹƣûȥϢ
סõ˹Ƶһԣأһľţŵ˹Ŷ롣
Ȼ⿴ɢҵҲ֪ô£ɫǳĿԣ
ȴ߽ǰʱĿɿڴ
ⴲûɾû콿ӰֻīսҰҵĽǡĲ֤δŴƣһһƣ̬֮ĳ˯Ϊϰ֮ˣʱ߶δѣ棬ҹʲô
ʱѰҵ콿ȴ鷿֮ڣзŸոյĵ飡ǹǧҹģһӵ󣬾һֱ鷿֮ڡ
üͷ˫
һССţȻӵǿ¾Ȼ˽ǧ˵ɱ֣ѴսҰĺɲˣ
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дԸһת䵽һԵۣĸֺȻĿΪ˲ѰŮϵӡ
콿ָĸ֣Ⱦ˵֮ɫ
һҪƽ
һΣضԳ˽еĶԹ
ˣޣ

˹̧˯еĶˣһһȣѹ
ʲôսҰһͿ˹ɫڳԼҲһá
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ôˣһֱ峿˯£㲻ҪŵϢսҰƣЩŵ˹
ǽˣȥˣīսҰһתȻδ콿Ӱʱüͷ
ô˵һ𣿡ԣ˹üͷȻЩǰĳ
ܣҹһֱ˯£ôսҰŵľš
ߣҪʲô⣬Ψʣ˹һ侯棬ת뿪ˣ
ǾīЩȻһЦ
ôûأˣǵĹԽ࣬Խо񣡡һͣսҰҲȻ򣬷´ʰӾҪȥˡ
īҲ´˯
鷿
ðɣȻڴˣȰʲôأǡһҪСģҪÿ죬һΣҲǺ֪İȫҹģΪε콿˵
ţ̷İɣξ΢ˣҲ˳һ̲صģ콿ӯӯһЦһı֤
ʱ鷿ͻȻһű͵ƿЩɫĵ˹
һ콿˹Ĳŷ˽飬Ҳ
ǸδϳһʱҲ㣬Щˣûдŵ̰ɣ˹Ǻܹģ
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޷ϸպ̸꣬ҪعԺڹ̾ٻҪЩΪãȻ־дЩָ𣬵ȴȫ˵֮⣬ƽ͵õ˹Ȼͷ
뿪󣬵˹ǰһ˳ϵǷţһ̧˼ֲ֮ͬɫ
Ҫ
ţǹ΢Ѳǲõģ
ĲŹִ֣һȥԸ㪺ţΪʲôҪ˦ǣ֪֪ÿյĵĺͺ£˹ʾ˴δ߹Ŀ
콿һ˹ǵǺͺµ⡣
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ǵģ콿ʰףæ뻳У
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ͷǵƣ콿ѱȺΧʵʵǻİ±߸ȥ
ͷΪ׳˶ͷǣһ˫ȺӣһһӡţǳĻëβ˳ҡţԤʾ׼ʳĹơ
Ҿרɱ˵ĵ˽㣡սҰŭһƳǺᵶǰȥҲձȺ漤
ֻйǧ;īȻ콿ߣİȫ
սҰʱȫ¶ɱıԣһһǲҽеĻᶼûУͶ̥ȥˣѪϢȺӵ˷Ǻһ߹һ쳹˻ƻգҲһ˿⡣
ͷȫɽ֮󣬻谵Ĺ߶ҹ˵Ǻܺõһϡڶ̶̵ʵսѧȺ᲻ΧҧһˣȥסʣµˣǵĻȡ
ѡĶҲûɱķȣԭ޺ϣʱѱѪ˺ü飬ɢµĳҵ裬ǽĵɢһǰδ֮顣
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Сģǧ漴һ콿һͷǣˡ
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콿ûֱ˵ڶͷΧڷߵǣΪһн׼һԵļȫĿɿڴ
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ץʱͻȻһĿЦϸӬŮ˵콿һ٣ͣ·
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콿ȴδˣֻȷǴµĶ԰ġ
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ôǱչ˵ĺܺðɣݵһЦΪԵõĪа
콿Ǹšü
ٷϻ㾿ô
ߺߣ¶ܹȻʹ죡Ǳ̾һ⣡ʵˣ̾ˣô
ϻھܹȥˣסңأƾҪɱȥȴ㪽ϡ
Ǳִһ񲻸ˬ
ס֣ʰɣ㪣Ȼһв
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˵ŮйأȻҪʸˣ˵ţСӵҪˣ˵ţвԵĽеһᣬ˴±ߣֻҪһ֣ػʧµס

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ֱӽȥǲǻ棬ҪץģһԽԼľīС˵һ䣬Ȼһ㪡
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͵һͷֻ콿ЦһӯлϷˣĹʣȫԼɴһ㡣
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һҪУΪ֪ƾԼ书Բ콿Ķ֡
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ڶ峿콿ķڣʱѡ
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Ҫɱɱ֪ŵһУһͷܿ콿ΪԻ˵۹⡣
ΪΪǸ˲ţ콿Ļ͵һתͷĪ
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ǰϵҩ裬
콿ԥ漴ﴽһЦջأĿ⵭ȻȻҲѡԻ򲻳ԣδɣôƱػᱻɢһǲɱ㣬Ҳӵɣô򵥣
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ɹǧȻƤƤһЦʼ磬ʾ޹콿ʱתͷȥ
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Ϊ˵ջסɣǸѾҴˣİɣЩˣԲȥᣡǧһ콿Ϊ졣
ôģСӸòΪѶԷô˰ɣ콿ЩĵĲ²š
ȻҪҽˣеǵǵ飬ǧƵ˵š
ţ⣬¶Ҫ֪ͺã콿һ
պ콿Ÿո˺õͷһͬǰȪڣȻϷһǰȥץˡ
ȪأڵĽдȻȪ羰ɾҴǰһλ·Ȫ󣬴ؼҰ£ԭϳʾȻתˣȥһΣȬȡΪȪء
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С쵱ʮõģδŮˣһʱڳ֣ţ
ιʲôٿͰˣսҰһ׺ᣬŵĵСһƨȥҲΧԷ˸һ
ǺˣȥϽɣǧܱһ˿΢ЦİŵСϿ뿪
Сܵķɿ죬Լһ˵ĵҪˡ
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Сһ£ȪжԶ콿һ仰ְ˵۹˻ǿɲǾ޵Ŀ⣬Ǿȼǵɫˡ
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ޣǺǣ޷ãȻҴԶˣ͵ҪȥȪĸ󣡡콿Цһ£ں
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һԵļλʳҲͬ鼰ϧ۹콿úõһˣҪץȥôòۣ
ղ˵רץŮˣҲ˵ȥûˣҪҺǧȥ˵ȳ˼һ£ͻȻڡ
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԰㻹Ǳ⿴Űжֻ꣬콿ݴһ
ҵи⣬ͬĻͲȥðգܰǡˡǧеľһЦһ
УҲգӻˮû⣡սҰƲƲ죬ҲЮһڷС
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Ҫ˵Ϳ˵ʲô䣿һֱĬľīͻȻһ䡣
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˹ɫһ࣬ĵŹǧµļһºˣù֮ȻҪаŮװ˵ȥЦˣ
սҰҲΪѣҪ۱콿İȫ˵ǵһҪŮˣԼʲô
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ǧЦΪǧ˿̵ıֱ̫ЦˣһĺĪ֮ɫֱǰʯͷԼ
νôҪڽߣīһȻ˵߳С̶
ðɣȻǶԸ⣬Ҿͺīȥɣڽžͺˣ콿ɫҲǵĹǣԴ󷽵Ĺǡ
û뵽ڶɾȫ˼ΪԼĬȻɴ಻ˣǻˣ
˭˵ԸˣǰŮ𣿡սҰԼļ
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ţ׵ֻҪܱ콿ôԵģǧ˵ͷҲͬ˹Ļ
ãǵǾȥ·콿ֺǺǵһЦ˵ףҲڴǵŮװ࣬Ƿȵģ

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ʱŲæ·ȴ׷˲Ŀרע޵Ķһ
һŻ֮˲Ĳ߹ȵĽֵһ·ȥ
רעĿⶼΪλδɴñӣǾգֺģΪʲô֮Եһأ͵޽δ˿ĺֱһȺ·֮ˣС̷Ҳ˲רעϡ
һֱһ˾߽·˲ŻعԼȻʱȡ
λ͹٣»뿴ǵĳƷ·ϰʵʮĳӭŵĹ֮ͣ˵ԱԼκһ·Ҫ߹Ȼ˹͡
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ϰ̧۴ǼλͬͷɴñˣǾװ磬ĸߴ׳˶ȣЩ΢㶣Ҳϵ˵ͷ
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ɣϰ壬ЩһһǮȻٶɣܲҼ䷿·콿ץһɫĳȹ˹ϣתЦϰ塣
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ȶֵǷȣȹװΪԼ˸ķ٣ںڵĳȻûκεʣȻԷ顣
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ҪУī޹գգӣеĪպʾԭĵȻ֮콿ᣬͬʱһ磬ǰһǡ
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ӵɽ·üλŮװǼĿ飬ȹǵĴ󲽣ֻܽŲ߶ʵ˻
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ɴˣīҲһΪȹڣϥǴһ
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ιүЦһ˭Цĺãүһ콿һʵĵƦ֮ɫɫеĶǰ֮ˡ
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һҪ𣿲̫ˣǧҲ⣬ǰȥչĻЦԭǽ
ţÿˣǧһ˵ͷ
ιôȣŰɣҲһȻİ콿ָˣ״¶˽֮ɫǰһѵһı顣
սҰ鲻ԽĿǰȴī͵˹ͬʱһ󺰡
Сͷ
䣬ֻһ޺һŶսҰ˶ͷ֮ϣճһ˫ż񳤼׵Ĵ֣ſ
սҰһܿӰһԵĹǧȥ
ιһο֮󣬽Ƕ˼֣Ȼǲȥʱ׼
ʲôһԵľī콿üš
ǰţЩȴһĴβӹޱȡ
Сһ֣һ㶼ڴĴжģ˵ţӻȡֽ䡣
ˣԭһžīһȣǺʱӿеҷӤĿ
գһУǺڣûһ򣬱ʧˡ
ʲôʱзˣǰһ콿ĿھīŵһӡԵˮƾϡ
ˮԺԭ飬Լģī΢΢һЦӯϵǵ⡣
ţղöнӹϸĿţԽԽϲǻ
𣿸ľôһСҴ·սҰһĲܣҪٳһȴС
ʲôˣа˿ƵģôһڸǻҪȥ飬ЩץŮԻţһҲҪȳ߰ɣһսҰļ磬콿Ȫˡ



ʮ 
ȥƬɽȫɡȺˮ֣ҿлƮɢζ
콿ӯһƮ׵ѥ̤Ȫߵ֮أⱻȾѥ棬̽һȪˮ¶ȣ߲ͣոպÿܵ¶ȣҿˮʵɫһʵȪѹ񶼴˵ȪˮβΪαͶƤ򲡾һЧ
΢΢һЦŹҪִһ׼ܿһȪȼ˼ҪôƬȪأͻȻһӿһĪĸоǱԼΧķȴ
ھ֮ʣͼī˹ѷȪߵʯС
С㡪٣ſң֪Сˡһ󼱺ɽд
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һֻ̧ۣīջֽһֻСһƴڤαץס˺ӣԷԵĸԼֻצš
ڤôžīǵþī˵ѾڤУˣôᡪ
ԼӲ˽ģΪϷһѹӡѹ̻ûзӦīüһΪѵͷʹļһ֪ô콿ˡ
ˣȷſɣڤܾ콿̵˵һ䡣
ڤһſͬС鳲Ͷ콿ĻĽģһֲ֣Ƶġ
ءڤС㡪СȥˣôҲڤһȥڤңһıԹ֮ԣеίԹ
ⲻǻ𣿺˺ˣҶ챻§Ĵˣ콿谮һЦָ޺ĳ
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Ӵ۰С㡪ءڤתͷһ־Ȼǵ˹ԼԱС콿ͬ顣
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ЩأһУĲ£
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ޣ콿ҲȤĿǰɽׯµжУЩǮׯ֮ӣХһͣüЩ֮⡣
ʲôȥ˰仰콿һʣû뵽ХеһЦ
Ǻǣ콿ɽׯºܹо޴׵ǼУɽׯڵСаٷ֮ʮĻƷҪתǼ಻ƽȵԼ׬ȡĲۣͷһΣХ˵еķ˳ûκǽ˵ģׯҲǳĵİɽׯһе񽻸
Уǲǹҵ𣿺ðǧ̣Ȼ׬ȡǮģѹС׬ۣģ
콿Ҳ֪̺ŰɣУ˵ϰҲǣ˾ǳһ㶼ǺХ˵ƽûκΰ֮⣬콿ȴζ
룺ȻŻ⣿ô֪ͷһҪúǧ
˵ĺɽׯΪ𣿡ǵĻҲбҪʦϣͨݲУ
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ķ䣬ŨŨҩζ콿һǵļǰȴĿ˵ˡ
ʦô
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ˣƽȴ͸Ųϲá
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ХʦХҲȻĸ콿ʦī콿Ĺϵ
ī˵ͷԳɫǰ˿ʮֵĳȣ֮ˣһīǷġ
ǡҵ𣿡ͻȻӴڴһɵڵļˣѾԼ˿ˣûҳ
ʦôˣҩаʱ𣿡콿һ򴲱߶ȥץһֻ֣ǸȻ˵š
ţ㻹ǵʦΪīͰأΪѵ˵ţбеĵ٩֮⣬񻹲
ʦһף콿εĿЦãǳīĴˣ
ī˵Щ̧ѵõĵ٩֮⣬ٴΪһȷѾˣҩ׼뿪ߵǰȴתһ䡣
ǽֵ𣿡
ţֻΪʦ˶ЩӵĵҪҩĽʳ콿˵ͷīҽǰǫ顣
ʤīѵõһƬЦ⣬һ콿˵ͷŶ
ʦ⣬û뵽콿λҽХǾ֮⣬֮콿Ϊ˼
ǰĶˣ֪Х⣬ϸĿǣХҲʹºѣΪ϶ŲɽׯΪ⺢ˣ
ԼҪ취С

ǰ

ʮ 
ļҹ˿˿⣬ϴӵһ˿ʣʥɽׯڵҹһˮޣʪˮƮɽׯ
ѽʱ콿ŻĴķڲͣԺ֮ڣ̧ͷҹգǵķ㲻ҫ΢ĹâҹʥɽׯһҪ̻عˣ
һеķҶʱµĿϴһգʯԵĻΣҹɫµҹŵĿȻĸ֣ȴʱָһ٣
ʱҹɫ쳣۵ССɫ꣬۵Žһҹ绪ϧ֮顣
Ҳǰ֮ˣ΢ĽŲɫӳճһ޳ӰһϮ콿ʶ˭
ôˣӾȻûϢָһȻԭҪŹС
֪Ϊʲô콿ʱǲȻദ
ǺǣֱۣĪ޻֦ϧ仨֣ҲеҸģ콿ԼĴʱִХǳӵ
ˣ»Ϣɣǣ콿ε̾ϢһеĻץ𣬲ٴȥ
ո̸ʱᵽХԼ⣬ǷһֱδıԵģʦХ˵ýǣΪֵøõˣ
ýҹɫ𣿡Хͷ͵Ĳ¹ӳ£Ȼ
ϲ£Ȼ˼ҶˣԼˣʧ콿Ӧһ䣬Ҳһͬǰ£ȷʵĲȾ˳
콿ֱ֪ۣĪ޻֦ǰ𣿡Хתһ⣬һ˫ȻǸ߹ҵ¡
ȰĪϧ£Ȱϧȡʱ콿Ȼѿڶڶ˵ûʲôǲ֪ģ
ţһҲ˽ʫʫˣХתĿ⣬һΣīһ˵ֱ
ҵ⣬ܼ򵥣˵һʲô;ȥʲô£Ųᡮ֦˵ģЩǺصģ󷽵һЦ콿˵Լļ⡣
ХЦ⡣
ǰԴҽɽׯ󣬾һֱԥÿһǰҪٽ˼Ÿ֮жҲһٵĳ嶯ֱŻ£ɫХһյĳȣǿ֮Ʈ˵ǳ
̾Լͳ̾Ϣһȴ콿ɫĪĶԼεһЦ
Բ𣡻ûоͬ⣬Ͱ߶ˣǺǣô꣬ɽׯʹҲһµˣû뵽ʱȻܶȻľ˵ûŵɣ
ᣡֻǺҲ£ҡҡͷ콿òʶаͿȵˡ
ǺǣǾͺãҶ໰ܷҵ£Х۹һЦȻɫʱʧ١
ðɣҵѵĻҲҪΪѽ𣿡еѶ֣콿˵ļΪǴХ᲻Լ˼
û뵽һЦתԺеͤȻ֮ⲻԶ
콿ע£òͤһ˫ӯӯˮҪ˵ЩʲôסԼ
콿ûдһЩ¶ԼڣХͻȻڣȴ⡣
ҡҡͷΪֹûУһڣĵһۣǵʹ⽥ɢһֱӡڼеӰһԾԺ
˵ûУƭ˵ģһ˫ĸԺ
Хһ˲ı仯ɢһЦδѯʡ
УΪһֱϰߣҵսʤУ˵飬᲻ͺʯͷûʲôˣХԳƮһĨЦݣ쳣Ŀ
콿ĬδܾýҹХһˣһʶĶƸ֮ˡ
ĳĬǴͬɣҲһֱΪһʯˣɽׯչׯʧɽׯһûбĿ
ѵδԼûжϲ𣿡콿ʳ
ûУΪɽׯҪʲôԵõûֱǰǳᣬҲŸıĮȻϰߣΪ֪ˣһԼҪģƾԼ˫ܵõģ˵ţ˫ҫӽ콿һ
ܺðҪģŬĶ콿ǺһЦ뻯һ˲
ֱգҲ֪ҴʲôۣХͻȻɳ콿ÿһңҡ
Щ´˾Ǵˡ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵һǲʵıֽͱƣĺٵˡ
֪һʲô𣿡ɶ䣬пҪ֮ˡ
콿ͻȻվȥˣ̫Σˣ
˼ͻȻеۣҪȥϢˣҪٲȥ˵ҵķǾͻҹģһӱܵɣ콿ʱ
ΪХ̫ܾʱֱ͵ıһʱʧصײһȵš
콿һ̧ͷǼѿڶֹ֮ȫХ̽˴Уģ԰ε˱Ľһ˿ϢĻᶼûУǸɿöֵõ¶һ㣬㡣
㡪콿͵˳ХĲڵأԿصĴϢֻδõҰһ㡣
ڡ֪Ҵʲô˰ɣû㣡ƾų嶯㣬ֻߡһߣҾͲһֱڵˡڷйڻںޣХվһ˫ӲӵĺȾĶÿ˵һ䣬ǿľ΢ͣһ£
콿֪ڸ˵ЩʲôΪУĿǳʹ̣һֱĿҲ˵һ仰ǴģֻǾ
콿ƽҲȾХյְ˰ʵѨٴ콿
ԲҡʧˣҪˣҡĲ֪ôԼƽԲ𣡡ХɬһЦǸ˵ţ˫ڵȴδһ˿ڡ
ֵøõˣҡõѡ񣡡콿侲ҡҡͷ
ХЩȻǰ侲糣콿ͻȻԼԶεƾͿȻĲҿոյĳ嶯ҲֻƾԾõгڵǾԲٶа֮ġ
ǰŮˣХĪȻЦˣվˣҲһ˳嶯һˣ
֪ʲôصң콿һֱɢȥХһЦеĹ¼΢΢ʹһ£ջǱǵ뿪ˣʣһ˿뿪嶯ɫԼ
ʲôվſҲɻĵͻȻ콿ǰʹһ̧ͷ˹ſһ˫纣ӽԼʧ֮
ô⣿ΪôˣϢ
˹Ҫıȴڿǽ׵ĴʱͻĽֱһ˿ɫ
ոռ˭Ϊ϶ϵǺ۾ԲǵκһΪҹ֮⣬еĻʷȥϢˣǺ콿ĳŵҲҹϮģ
ʦǱ߹ôˣôȥϢҪ˯ˣ콿ȻȥʵΪûҪƴ̳ӡ
𣿡˹ϬĽĺ촽䲻Ľ뻳У壬ܱ˴˵
㣡ӵĿȥǱȾ˿˿飬仯֮Ѹ콿ЩԾ
ķȥ§϶ֲ»ƣ콿ᴭһ̧ζʮ㡣
˺ҵĳŵڻعǰҪһ˶
ΪûŸܣٴֽ§뻳Сǽһںɳơ
УҪϢˣش룬Ȼ˲ŵصǻԼڵָ
ӣ˹һŬƽղŻе׵Ľ½Ƿ֮ϣһһƽĴϢ
̾һȥ˼ӵ콿ϣԼжԼҲˣֻҪߣͿ԰ģֻҪ
ںЩ𣿡ָȥʵĺգһЦЭˣôԼԺ޷ʷ򣬸ţ
ţұһ£һΣƽ͵ֽУ޳ָ˳˿ķ£˿ոС
콿ɵͷľ࣬һǳһĺ֮Уֶһºᣬɿʵٴڡ
ޣһ⣡콿˫һƬʣš
ţһһͳĻӦ
һ죬ҲŮˣ᲻ڵңƵ͸һ˿š
˵ʲôŮʣҪȥģҪǸҲ׼˵뿪ҵģõĵͺţٴθ˲
콿һЦĵ׵ĲĽʧ٣ֻԼҪȥΪʲôŮʣ
ǵģֻǲϲȨƵҲδҪ뿪ǣʵѾ˺ܾãһ٣콿̧ͷ
㲻Σ˭أķ¸ոںϣĲȶпµһǻ¾ͻңûЩܣ˹쳣˵ÿһܶʵ
Ȼ뿪ˣΪ̤˻Ȩ֮·߹һʱҲŷ֣ЩҪģҲϲģһ죬һᷳʱҲ֪һʲôεõ˹üͷɢЩķǣӦֻڿεӥȴεİڹУɲ
ȻӰɣʱͿȥκȥĵط£˹콿˼һʼĿ
ڸոʮͣһҲֻҪʮʱ䣬ʱԼҲʮ꣬ܶ£
Լĺʵ𣿡콿һš
룡ʵ۲˶ģԣҵһ峤֮˹Ļش콿ķһġ
ãҵļ̳˭ŰɣֻҪµһӣͻΪ˭

빬

ʮ 
콿عӣԽǽӽҪߵʱʥɽׯ˾ԽǽţԭνĽŶԼХż
ôۿ˾ˣ
ʱڿڵĲλϣ丸磬οżҪݱ콿
һ𣬻֪ʲôʱټϹ߲̫ԶˣпնĻҪҰȰ콿֣ѾԼŮһˣ
ᣬҪȥģ˺Ժ󣬿ԺһˣͱΪˣ콿ﴽǳЦ˵ȰŸס
ᣡֻҪʱͻʦģ콿̰Ĳһ䡣
ʲôᣬʦ֪𣿾ͱΪԼˣѸһҪã
ţ֪мĳһЦʥɽׯǰܣҲһֱֵģøڵ֪콿ݶ˼ɣ
ʦҲҪأȴʦˣȥʡҼҺ𣿡콿ī֣һ˫ſ֮⡣
īĵĮӣ콿ڹûʲôµĻܳҲȥһأ߸ռֲҩо
ţҪԼ̫ۣȴ͸ŨŨĹġ
ʦһҪ콿̫ĵ˵һ飬һǵīǳЦصĵ˵ͷ
ڳ֮֮ЦһƬֻһˣХ
ʼգδ˵һ仰ֻȵһֱ
ʲôµĻһҪ֪ͨң֪𣿡˳⣬콿תֲĵĶš
ţİɣʦȻЦһЦ˻֡
ĿһתԼôӱܣȻХߣԼ΢ЦǵǳЦеİΪˣ
콿ԶǣȺУĿĻһĨµͦӰʱůתȥ͸Ź¼ŵıӰ
ХĲȥ׷𣿡Ϊѹļ磬ĳֳ˳Ĺġ
ˣѾ㹻ˣûлͷΪȷԼҪٿȥһۣǷֵܼס˿̵ѡ
߰ɣǻؼңƴĸΪͬɽׯ
һԵļҲ׷ҡͷ̾Ϣеϧ
ܶ£īȥ˻תĿХͻȻ˵һ䡣
ǰΪ̫ˣҲҵΪģ⺢ѲϵΣ治֪ôˣҲһ̾Ϣ
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ǻǷɻȥɣڿڣڤǲͣıԹţʱʱš
㣡¶࣡ûСϢ˵ˣôȣɻȥɶҲˣ˳۵һһֱʵڤһĵ
췢СǷˣһ·˵ͣûС˵ϼ仰С˯ˣǱղ죡ˣ
һţ콿ӷȵĻ˹ʵһߵ
ôˣ˭ˣһˣ콿ǸȻһԵķȣǽӲ硣
㿴㣬С㳳˰ɣСӾǲ£ĵһʱԲԲһתɨһ³ڵļλүǣСɲѵģ
㡪ڤδ˲˵СȻ˵Сүү֪ٱˣʱȴ콿һɣʱû˻ȥ
ǧ״¶һ˿ǳЦڤļ磬ʾͬ顣
Ůǲģٺ˵ΪһԵĹǧͻȻڤߵһ䣬ָһ·
𣿻жʱˣʱͿԸĳ鳵ˣ콿üΪԼһ¶ʵʪ˹۵ţó硣
ţãͷ湻ģȷʵޱȣôˣѹ˺
ҿ̫ˣǳȥһ㣡սҰҲЩܲȣƵƵź顣
ҪǳȥģһϢһ°ɣֱ鳵ȥǰˣҲûʲôˣ콿ֹ飬˵˸õİ취
ţӲǾǰͣǧ̽ͷ·ĳ˵š
ͣһ֮У˷׷˳͸ܵ
ӦúܰȫĲݵأˣǧ̽󣬻ص콿ߣĵϢ
ߣ㲻ȫô˸ţȥãսҰķ˵£¶˽ʵţͣΪԼŷ硣
¶ظȱǮҪ𣿡ĴŪһۣϲᳰš
˵ʲôսҰе˼̴ŭ
ˣ·ϣҲ˼һӢδޣҪŵ콿սҰϣЦű첱ӴֵսҰ
Ϣʱ̫ɽʱ˹鳵˷׷ϳʹɱȥ
عĵڶ죬콿ȥָһٶڳеݴǣ콿δʾʲôѾˣ˵Ϊ˹빬
û죬Ѿڻʳڴķзˣ
˵ִӣǻʳ֪ĻƽУٳŵ˴˵Ʒòһͷɷѡ
˵Ϊº֪ͣƣ黭ͨǵһֺ٣ڵϽӭϣɣ㵹ѡ
˸ߵ£Ȼ˵ýľﲻˣѺʱ챻ý̤ƽżȴͻȻʽˣԭֻӹﴫŮ֮£
ڣ˸ָȥˣҲʼ׷ڵıɣԲ˵ˣڻʳң˵ʲô۸ŪȨȴδŮ۳谮öʮüδɻ飡ۿžҪΪ˵Ц
ҪΪеĸ󳼣Ļô˵أ
ָǰƵĴСԱǴʱľ˼һԾȻԼʡڳΪҪľҪ˼ʹϵ¹߱ٷƣ
ǺһЦȻףˣ
漶Դ쳣ͷʹʵĿЩƤЦⲻЦĹԱǣ˵һЩû߶ĻĶ䶼ˣ֮£ֻȥ콿߿ࡣ
ޣ£
鷿ڣ콿Цֱߵӣ漵Ĳ
Ҳܣ֮ҪҽЩӬҼȥУ빬£ʲôʱ򶨣֪Ƶ˶ٷ𣿡콿棬һĲƽ֮£Ҳ˴ʱľݣ˵ֻжѵ̬ȣ޹֮⡣
콿ϰΪǳЦţ漰еĲһйɾƵĶ룬˰θˮϵĶǳǳһڡ
ڵ֮ݶ֮䣬ﴽһЦ
ϡ漼콿Թ裬ûа仰Լͻһ˳
ţò裡漿˵֮ԣ콿һ̧漣ĽγĶԱȣ
漱ʵһ㶣漴һɻɴʱ鷿ŵĻŵ۵Ļʵִۣż棬ȻҲ̫ʧӲҡҡͷ
ƷĶ䣣֮Ȼζ̫֮ݶ֮䣬ζ֮ζζҲ
꣬ɫȻףĬ
콿״΢΢һЦ
Ҳֲĺôڡܽ𣡡һۣΪһ裬ϡ
֮裬ܲȣ˼ڣȷʵѹЩ⡣
Σǲǽ֮ƽһЩ콿̨ԡ
ʵЩ˵Ҳ֪סЩʱհɣϤ˻ٴҲ٣ΪĽ㣬ô֪ܲϸӣһ٣콿Ĵ漡
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ĽתΪӣǰ콿ѳΪһλĻʵۣҪ¾ͱӴ濼ǣǵĶ˶£漱˵ķڷյ˵ͷ
콿ͬ⣬һЦ֡
İɣһúչģһŵ漷һٿˣ
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빬콿ܶæÿնһʱƹȥƣԼһ½֮⣬ҲΪ˰Ĳʡ
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ôЩסĻϰ𣿡߳ι֦һµš
ţλʷҶܺãûʲôϰߵģ᲻лϸĲüˮһ˿ǡ
л˭˵޵лҪǵĺ֮ˣǾͲˣҲûţ˵˾ư붮Ļһֱ
ʱſڳ˹ǧӰϴŲɫ˫ֱĶ
Ϊ󳼣ȥ£Ϊһٵܣ³һ֦ˣ۶һԵĹУ콿û粻
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ϡҲҪϢˣϻعɣվǧ˸òȰԵ
һƽƣ콿۳һЦָ˸Ửӣʱǵ˶ɫ
ͬǣƱ˸ɬȴֵǵ콿빬ǧǧһź£ü߸һ˫Ľֱ
ðɣúϢ޽˰ɣҪΪ޵һӣ֪𣿡Ṭǧĺ콿۰мѵЦ˵뿪ǧ
߲߱²⣬Сӽֲ֪ĸˣȻҸʰ

ӷ粨

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һ·У콿鷿ȥȴû뱻ǧһסֱۣŲէͣ
Ҫ̸𣿡бüͷĹǧ콿š
Ҫȥ鷿һ̩㣬һһٵҧ˵
ΪʲôһԵĲԸ
ΪҪĽͣԵĲֱӳ콿С
ȥ鷿֪ڲʲô콿һֱֱۣԭķȥ
ĲᣬǧվԭһӲѹеĲ죬ĽŲϣΪףԳ֣һԼһҪʹĴۡ
һ鷿콿ûھͱǧĻУ˫˫޲˿ĵڡǧֱ쳣Ľ£콿ȻһʱѲ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ʱڻǧڻɫһüš
˼ôǶ࣬ô֪ȻѲ͸ɴѰ˸λȥ
ߣҪ˼࣬ܵõ㣿㵽֪֪Ҿ˶Ļܹķңң̾˿ְ
ţǺƤƤƹĲʣ콿ͷĸ
죬̾Ȼң׼Ҫһ̳ˣһʲô֪˻ǣǵ񣡡ŵ˹֪Ĳ֪ʱǱһЦֱԼը˷Σ
ʲôõģҶ˵˹ڼ̳˵ҪţлŮ˭ĺӶһ֮һģ콿ƲƲ죬Ľš
ģô˵ǧԲӡ
ţҺܹƽɣһЦ˳˳ĺڷеȻ
屻һᣬγƽ̬֮Цһӣ콿˵ͦǣ⳰Ц
ƤˣȻд⣬ôһ§ֱͻսĴ׾ٵͽС
ôʲôȰѻ˵꣡ʹƿǣ콿õĵͻ顣
ôҾҪŬΪǵļ̳ˣһ˵˳׵ľţһһǳģмԵ콿ġ
У鷿һҲҪǴ˳ȥʵ۲˵ǻӹɫŹأ
ҸղŲҪһ̩㲻Ҫȥģˣ˵ţһֻɵĴѰοǽ˿̿۶̽ȥ
ȡȵȣΪ˼̳˲𣿡콿ᴭָһȸȴֲĵͼ
Уģ㣡һѾĿУӿ鳱콿һ󲻸ʵ󣬽ıķ籬֮С
žµӱ˵ϣǷµĽ˿Ȼ󡪡콿ŬԼ½ⲻӵġȻֹ
ǧʹһ˫Եͻľܾ
ǲУսҰޣûȥĻһҵģѸٵϵҵ½콿üȥԼġ
ǧһֱڴӵ콿ðΣҪʱһֳǰһԡ
Ǿţ֮û㣬һʧߣѾȫƵ˫ֱڴ΢йĴ⣬һգ۵ĹѾѵǰ۵̶ۣͽ׵ĵ·սš
Ҷ˵˲еġ֮䣬һֻҤ໨ƿ˲ֵǵıƬ
ϡʲô𣿡ſڴϴŮΪˤ֮š
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㡪콿ȻĵźͷһĹǧһ仰Ҳ˵ΪסһӯеţһĲڡ
ҵ·ѵ˳Ửֱ»ţ˫ָæµĳȥϽʣ谭
콿ѵĳ½󣬲ڲӰԼ³ɫĹۡ
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ףŮӭȢʷʱҪܰٹټһ죬ΪֻȢһˣ콿̻;ȥֵĴҹžƣ۵ıͻعȥ
һߣ콿ʱ˿룬Ҳ̺þöûôֹˣ˵Ŀ֣
ʱҲˣ㻹ȥϢһ°ɣ콿ǿŵЦݣ۵ĸ˸ļ硣
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콿л֮󣬴һʱϲ֮ɫǺеİŵе涾ݡڤҶ
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ˣףǸõŵģҪˣȻȥϢɣûµģ忡ͫȻǾ⣬Ȼɢڲסϲ֮飬ҹʼķˣҲ˼жӰˣ
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Լ䣬ͷȻվһˣ͸ɴʣֻܿԷصİɫȹһ˫˳δȾɫѥӡ
һŴǺʱ뷿ڵģΪξδһǰͨҴҲվڴԣӣѡ
вת˲ȷ˶ԷǵУԼ˿̻ܰȻڴϡ
ѸٵĵƵ˯ѨԼ˯ѡ
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ɫȹһ£콿ŴӴ߳æͷ΢V
ˣʲô𣿡һԵ紦ĵ£ߴš
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ָһ٣ͣڽ̿ϣ콿𾪵ڶ̶̼գͻ˴飡
֪ǶԷ˭𣿡ȻָһһŽ̿۾Ӳ˽ۣơ
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һоȫΪأΣ֪ͨҾ;֪ͨܣһҪԾ𣿡
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СվһԣûŮ۵ķָҲҶֻǾ콿æӰ
Ż裬Ҫû֪𣿡еȽСƺ콿ߵʢſˮĴľͰУһҩȫ㵽ڹˮУľ
һҩװУι
Ұ̧ľͰУΣкվһԴСƣ˽ȴһѪ̧ľͰС
ˣȥɣţû޵ּ⣬˭ҲŽϵһʱ䣬콿ƣαһı۾
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ˣңҩǸץģΪƣָһ¹ǧеӣ顣
Ĳ㣿Ϊʲôѵŵйأǧϲ²š
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콿˵֮ĸʱھȫжѾõʬνµһˣҲûа
ţպڹУҩȫԲʡȥʱ䣡ˣôǧأոջ콿ͻȻʶȺûӰЩֵʡ

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ӦȥŵˣղڻҪǧϻ
ޣˣҪʦգô˻ᣬҲҪʦ̣һת˴ҴҶľīϡ
ţȻȥˣ̫ʦڣ˵һ룬ңɵӰƮǰ
ʲô֪ų𣿡
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û뵽ңҡҡͷ
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ңȥоɫ콿ڵľ
һֱĬϷ¼Ȼ벻֮ɫɤ
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ҪŹŵˣ˹ɴһΰ˵Ҳ콿еĲˡ
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īԵ°ԾչֵĻ˹ۿ
⡪ǧɫһ䣬Ϊȣ
ԾԵķǹеİ汻ͨɱĳ棬лһĻ汻׷̶ĹִĻ棡
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Ů⣬һЩĹȫϢµļŮ򱻷֮ڡ
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СŮǳԵȴδ콿ע⵽ֺڼƻţΪĳδһС
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Űľ޷¹ӳ̶棬ĺڵ̶ˮͬһˮĵӳ繳ĺ¼ϡǡ
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ڼʱ˴εͻ䣬ķľһУȻæɵİź˹һеĴСʲô¸ʲôһһĲ
ҹ̫֮ǰ׼һУ
ˣ̳ǰޣƣ͸һ˿ɳơ
ã佣
ӦѾ˳˰ɣƽſ϶š
ǣ빬ķ̾ĿѾյʱ뿪ʳˣ
ã°ɣĵ˵ͷ콿ĨĵЦݡ
Ϸˣľ񱴵߳һλꡣ
С㣬·˰ɣɫУŻЦ⣬ƺо콿֮á
ţţһǰ뿪콿һЦݺ뿪֮ʣְűպã
ڤץץ췢ĵһƲ죬㬵ڣʼΡ
ӵУһҹδۣ񲻰һϣʱԼһȴŮ
콿ع󣬱㿴ǽ΢΢һЦǰ
ûµģ̲ҪģֻܰҴóɣ˵꣬ӴͷȡһУ򿪣Ƥ
콿ȷһ£еһŵݸ˹ŮԼһš
֮ݻŮŮۣŮ۳˹Ů
콿ͭ΢΢һЦԼһƽݣǷյͻͬ
ε̾ϢһԸ콿ƽݡ
Ů𹧾һԣҳ
Щֻܺƶƣ콿֣֮ڣտʼŮЩСֻ۵ľηҿ콿ǣִͬ
Ů⽥ɣ콿΢΢һЦ˵
ͻ̶̵źãŮһ콿̨ڵġԼͻȻһֻĸо
ˣ֪ˣ㻹ǿ춯ɣȥأҪҵģϴݴţȴǲᣬԣԲ콿ô뿪ģ
κѳɶ֣÷ĺͲ÷ģѾˣ죬ֻ֮̾
̡أ콿Цһ˹Ůķ̣ת˵š
ڿʼͲŮʣǡ¶ˣ
ҪԼȻʦŵˣһһǵĽѵ
ڤ߰ɣ콿ڤֲֵĿУϤ֮УԼα任òڤʹնϵĳΪԼۣͨͨģ

һ

ʮ 
һ·콿ź췢ڤŮ״͵ͨƣŵԼŮ֮ڤ£
⣬콿ڤ׼׵Σֱӽ̧ԪͲ÷ӣڤԼ˹ķΣһİײȹ콿ڵ֮棬ôһͨŮģֻǲӯ͸ڲס
ڤǱ仯˷ɫһͷ޺ĳʱΪīɫ콿ĸ˸ӵķ١
ڤžеԼüٶ۶һЦ
ǺǣڤôǺ˧ĳžеԼգգۣתͷ콿֤
ǰӢɬ꣬һɫĽ۳ĳʮĹʣټ΢ԲĴ۶˭Ҳһ
ǰڤ˧ˣЦдЩ콿ļ磬ת߳÷ӡ
һţŮעĿԭֻڤΪĿա
콿ڣΪԼͨǲע⵽ģǰһ»еӬ˼ųŶȥ
¶ǣóý
콿˳ʱֻǱ䣬ͷ˳ȥһһĳӣŶӵŽǵİգвģ
ۣʳǵǲһҪףҪѣС㣬㿴˶ӣôȥͷأڤţȴһѱ콿˻ȥ·ķС
ʱ̫ǸڿգɢʱһŵŽǵĳУвС˾ǿڸɬĵϣǿſ尾ţ콿ʵĲ̣
£ˣعһҪҵ֮
С㣬Ϊʲôߴ··ֿƽα˰ɼʯͷ·أ콿һ·еС·ڤ׵š
·ôˣôɵҪ·ȻٵС·ˣҴߣԱȣʳָһڤͷתɱṦصƮһ֮ˡ
С㡪ȵҰڤҲŷɱǰգ¶ֻܵġ
ҹɽͣģԭķ弹֮ҹһԻӴٵĻīɫһ֮⡣
ڤɽӦõʥ̶ˣ콿ڤϣָһ
ڤʱֳԭΣ޴޳ĺۣͬһ㲼ȫ
ʵҹеγһǿ磬ϯ˵Ĳľ֮֦Ҷ趯ɳɳ
ۣˣôһƬ̶ˮڤ˷ܵĸ񶯳ȥȴͻȻָƮ
ôˣΪʲôȥ콿ֵıš
ֻī̶ˮ¹ӳ£һ˿ͬһ˵ĺˮһ㣬ƾڤľжҲһ˿
̧Ŀ֮£ԼĿ᾿ͦɽ壬޴ɭһ㣬Ȼ̶֮棬ǹŹ͵ķͣ˹ټ
ڤǣλɽͽµһԨ¸رӲһѿڣѿʮ׵ĵطݲͻأ
µѿڵȥ콿ü˵֪ʥ̶ĹŹ֮Դѿڴ
һҪȥڤвõԤСڤڿΧѿȦǲƮʵٲϲаĸо
ԣҪˣһҪȥûп̶ЩͷҲǺˣ콿иֳһſŸɿߡͷ­Ŀڱƽ
ڤһ³壬ڽѿڴʯʱ콿÷仯һֹаħֵĵΣڤࡣ
ϵ䣬콿˫Ųȵأٸһɹɺ˳ŽŲ϶
ֵԨףǸï֣ܵڳټ⣬˺ھɫ֦Ҷ滹ˮ֮ɢų֮
ʲôط˶ϵˮڤӢü۶һ¡
콿ûıԹӻóʼس
ڰУƺЩڴҪӽ콿ȴ־ϵĴ֮
ڤ콿ר̣ԹţͻȻоһ춯æȴ˹ȥ
ҵʲôأԭ⥣Ҫǵ꣬϶㱥һڤָץһֻƺĶ˹
Сһ˫ĵ۾ò֪֣оȻ˿֮ɫڤ飡
콿ȷаԴķȻ̣ǰȥ⥡
ɣڤ˵һ䣬ȴδע⵽Ǳ⥡ڝһʪУʯķȥ
콿ֵ߱ȥҺҰ֦żСĻᱻָ֦һ˿Ѫ֮׾ٵߡ
콿üһµķųӬȺ߶ټɻ֣׷ȥȥǶ֮
Ӭ·콿˲٣·϶ıܣҲȻ̤֡
ڤ棬ץ˲ٺĶĥò˷ܣ
֣ǰһƬȻĲݵسϥ֮һߡ
ڤǷɹȥ˵ţڤڻУչɣԾݵ֮ʣֻڣԼһԺϢĳζǺڤֱȲ
̫ˣȷ㻹ͷһ΢徻Ŀʹ߷ɣ뿪ǲ
ʳݣֲֻŻᷢζԼδͽУȻ鷳
Ҳܳ⣿ڤһ۶ʮ֣ҹһǳмңԴӸ콿ͺëѪˣľҲʳ⣬ǹˡ
콿ǺһЦǰӹʳݵأǰûʲô֮ˣֻһȻʯͳɵɽȵͣȿںСϿտһ޴©һ㣬ῨԨ֮С
㣬ˣȥ콿ãڰ֮УȻһӰ
ڤ£صһ̣ԾһɣֻǰͻȻͬһӰɫںڰɢҰ޵׺ݡ
ɽ̣⼸ѵΣǺǣû뵽ԨоȻϡ֮һ˫˫Ѫĺ콿ɫ˿δ䣬ڤš
ޣ֪ˣֳȮСǺǣС㲻õģһֳԭξͻܵģ˵߻ҹͣ£ľ޴ɫѸֲһǺ۵ı󣬳ļ޺ķ˿ķУɢŨҵ
ءһĳɽ̣ȥ׺ݣ˾ɫ׷תȥҲ
㿴˰ɣڤЩץץ췢Ѹٵı仯Ρ
콿΢΢һЦȥ˲еĵ⡣ԭУҹһΪ죬ѪԣײޱȣϵįȻŨң֮׷ױߣѱ
ˣֻܼɽʲôõģ߰ɣ̫֮ǰʯͽȥˣŲһƮṦɵȣȴƮ֮Ȼס
վԭأóһָ֧СѴ˲ϸ˿һֻһ̵ӰSһš
콿֣ӬУȻ˳ű۰ڵ½ڡ
ǵģҲ㣬㵽ҰˣĻеӬʾ档
ҲѹӬĴδܶ飬Ƕ涾ݣӬϲʳ˵Ǹá
УŨܼȲһףֱǴ粽С
ڤ˫֣ͬϹһ㣬ÿһ̽һ·콿ò˽񾫣ǳЦ
ѽ鷳أС㡪ǻǷɹƬɽȰɣҪߵʲôʱ򡪡΢΢ԹĻû˵꣬ڤͻȻʧӰˡ
콿ϻͷԭλȥôУڤǲ
ģƬжһ콿Լڤ˶
̧Ŀͼҵ㼣󣬿ǰһƬ֮⣬ʲôҲ
ڵ֮𲻶ӿ
ܺãסöԷʧأ
콿˲óֽǰĿУڿգֱҧԼָɢѪֽ֮ϣдζ֮䣡
ȼ󱬺һڿеֽԴ
ϡϡλȥָָֽķȥ
콿ԭزĶҲ˲͵ſˣ
һʱڣڵλȼ˴𣬻죬ֱܰգƬɽȣƵǱڹڵĸֶҰĴܣһʱ֮䣬̫Ͼ¯һ㡣
ζȴղ콿ϣʩԱ콿ϥڵϣʱҹָ룬ʱ䡣
ԤȫˣҲһʱ㹻ˣߣŭ³
Ѿʯ֮ˣŴ֮žţһŵܽ˾ڤ
ڤֻڤʮߵ̴槼ܽ룬˽Ҫ̣ʱǹܲôˡ
ȺˡǱߴ۵Ļ⡪
ڤʮɢںڵĳһɳڵɫɳۣݶ֮ϣɿڴ󿪣¶һƬ׶˵ţɢ˵
޳İָḧڶʯϵӵӣ֮⡣
ͻȻָһ٣ճȭȻãϢʱĺڵлһ˿졣
ޣǾȥ̽һ°ɣ˳ѷŻ֮ˣץɤͬ˲һΪǷŻ֮˶ģ



ʮ 
Ĵ콿ȴɮ붨һ㣬ϥڿյ֮ϣǹĺ̲մ½ǰ֡
ֹһʱ䣬ŲˣλεĻѽȥֻĻţ
һʯ֮ϣ㣬ѷɵ˶ȵĵشƾ΢¹⣬λڹĻڡ
Ժ󲻻жˣٳȿڵһ̣ǱζĵطһЦ
ͻһа֮Ϯ콿΢һܹ˱Ķ룬͵һתȴ˫ĿȻΪĲǱˣǡѾȥ񼧡
ʱԲͬԭӯӱİѪɫ˫ϵҲĹɫѾ񼧵ʡ
콿ϲüʦĲ²ǶԵģ񼧱аħأʶ
Ȼˣ콿ɴƽϢ侲һͬʱзɿŽ֮
ƽĿһ˿仯־Ҳûе⣬ƽѱаħƵ񼧵һηɻ֮ɫ
ʦʶ𣿡ƽкͬʱ񼧶ˣܵĻ˳ߣΪɢҪĿϢ
콿ӯһɫаĶ룬һɿתɱԡ
ʦҡ콿һҲ벻𣿡ԼĻ񼧵Ķߣȴû˿ĻӦ˲ָ̧ס콿ȴ߰Ļ
ţϷ콿ֱۣ콿һץּæڲ࣬뿪ЮƣԾһס
ЩʧĿ񼧣ͻȻ뵽ʦ˵һ취
ãҪɱңɱ˵ţ콿ٴǲĶбƽ
ɱ㲻ʦ񼧵Ļɱ콿ˣһ󼤷ߵĿУѺĴӻгذ콿硣
ʱѪ䣬콿ʹɫһף亹ɲԣ
ʺ졢ƵѪҺɽ񼧵ϣٴɱĶһͣסΡ
ô£ΪʲôôأܶˣȵĶʲôɢһϤϢ
жʱĻ棬һɫŮˣеıһһĸֳ߿ʼĵ׵ʦʦʦ
һʹĳ˻ӵذף˫ֽͷͣôţҪըһ㣬ͣжⷭӿͣҲͣס
ʦͣҪŰԼˣҡ콿ʦ콿̵ŰԼΪ̲˼ϵľʹ˹ȥΪ
ʹΪʲô˭ס˭ǻҵڱϵһ˲䣬ĿһűŴľ֮գЦεԼЦš
콿ָ˯Ѩʱ߹ȥֹΪſݡʹ񼧣Գۣ
ʦܿˣˡٺˡһ鸧ŻŹǸӣ콿ĵʹ˼ϵʹ
˳̵ָ̧סԼ˵磬ӲǱƳһѪæУʳڣ󡪡˳ѨעڵĴ֮аš
ʱ˾˹콿е񼧱һΪɾɽڰѨУѪ飬ط񼧵С
˿ڵʹһһĽ񾫣Լ˿ں콿һѪȾİٴʯƮȥиҪȥȣ
̧һҹıѾָĵļճûжʱˣһǾ޴ұ֮ǰϸĹʯĴںδ
ߺߣͦ˫ŮҲˣɱԼʦĸоΣ
һϸŮƮɢʯңһʱԷֱԴ
콿һݣû뵽ԷȻ˽ԼԲŲϵ֮вԼ棡
Ϊο϶Ҿ˫ŮۣµҲ̫˰ɣһЦ콿Ŀⶨһ
ϻ˵ǣǣװˣΪ¼һе¾Ӳ۾ߺߣ㲻ʯ𣿱ͷϸŮ콿ǰЩŭһ䣬һʯͻȻ³ȥ¶Ǿ޴ֻԲʯš
ʯţ콿һ˿Ȼ⴦죬ţԼҲҵġ
ôҽѵҪȥ𣿡ϸһ˿ŪЦš
콿йһУ̧ȥÿһϾԳһڵӡ鼸
ʲôۿǧ׾ҪǺڴ콿һ㣬Ʈ䵽ʯǰ̨ϣµһ˫Ь˵ףٴˣ
ߣаħѸٵЬ࣬ʯµĺһڡ
ǰȻʯһ˿ֲ֮Уڶȥ콿㱻ʯıڻ
һŲѪͼ˵ĳľ
еͼһͬ㡪Ѫ
˻ǶﻹаͷʺѪҺѪһ
Ŀ󶨸һŻо޴ѪصͼϣڻʺѪؾѪ軭ȥһ㣬ɢȳζ
ֱǶļˣŬסŻµ⣬ʯǰǸʵʯס
ɫʯһĵŵߴӵȥİĻ⣬һۿʯ׶ʲôطֻԼǺֵĺɴ
ߣаħסĵط治һ㣡ʯڵа֮Ҫ壬а֣»ס
ʲô˴ı£ĿʯڲסĲɣ֤ѾãȴδŹЩ˵ĳûأ
ڲ֮ʣķλȻʯͻȻ΢΢΢ĵһ㣬˼ֻظƽ
еʯϣȴͻȻһĨɫӰƮݵɴȹͻ
ǺǺǡô͹û뵽㾹ȻԲ֮ҹǰˣҲ£ȵԲ֮ҹװɣŮǼϸɤ콿ϳ
һһԼδһ˿絬ɮ
ţ˫ŮۣŮڿ콿ʱԾȵš
콿Цһͬǳ˵š
˵϶˭𣿵ֿʼˣǵʲôҲδ񣡡
󵨣ȻҶԲѷƾҲ˫ֱЦˣŮȻŭˣɱ⡣
䲻䲻˵ģ֪Ŀģô͸Ͽ˽Ȼ콿һ٣мŮˡ
ȻŮһ裬һƮ콿ǰָ콿ʺ
콿ŲæͷһƫŹԷ̣ʧȥģһ£Щơ
Ů콿Ķ֣˺վ콿һԶĵط
ڡȻ亰֮Ӱ콿Ϯȥ
콿ȴ鲻ԭƺûһ˿Ҫļ
ҲӰҪӽ콿ʱƾճֵӰ˰֮Уţһ񶷿ʼ
а黤壬ҲСǺǣûȤǴ򶷣㽻ҪˣһѵȤ콿΢УĿΣ֮ϢŮ
˵꣬շԾȥ̽ŮڣͼץֱʣȴͻȻİΡ
ǰһΣһɫ۵ӰͻȻŮǰӳ콿еһ˫ī羧ʯӣȻӯһ˿ʣаħУ
˫ϸ콿ڹۿһ㣬¶ʧ飡ת⣬ȴ˵
ʹζĶȣô⣿ȻҲڤ˵꣬Ǿ΢̧һɫĻ⣬ȻǴɰ׵ģϵķŻ硣
Ů״˺һЩƺڴ˻Ϊɵ
콿ǲɫעɫĻ棬ͻȻЦ
ֻҲᣡ˵ţҲ̧ƣʹ֮ʣһƬɫĻ⣬֮ȣֺ
ǰɢĺ˿ӯһ£ƺڳԾ콿ȻҲή
ߺߣǾͿ˭ĸɣ˵ţеĻ棬Խǽӽ콿ԽӴƺа˶ʳڻ֮еļʽ
ȵȣȸң˭ΪˣʳҲ漴еĻ棬ֻûжԷӴ󣬶𣬼ƻǷɽֱš
ģаҪŭң콿Ŀ˳ȵߣƮ֮ʣֻһȣѸٵĳ¼ƤһԣŭĿ
ˣ˿ù֮ͨΨгƷǶԲߡ

а֮

ʮһ 
֪˭ҪѪһƬ⵱УڤʮЦһƺǰ콿ڤյֱԾ龰
ٵĺڷЦڱԼ֮䣬ɢһа֮
˭Ц󣡡ԭʳ콿ͻȻķɳֱֵֶڤʮ
һЦֹаĵֳ֮⡣
Сģڤʮδ֮ǰŮѳס룬漴ء
ڤʮ˿ûм֮ɫһжŮ͸Ųá
槼̫ˣ˵̧꣬һ콿˲һȣ˾
ţ벻㻹ӣҲգΣ£Ҳûһ½ǣǧҪͳӵԲʧ֮С
콿էۣһɽٴϮ˹ȥڤʮ㲻ܣʹһйºȭԾĶԷãһͻ֡תʯǧʹôз硢ǿ
콿Ϊ˫һһ̬֮һǳɣͲŴ򲻵
ȻһдĮӥ֮̽󣬹ס˶ԷƮݵĺɴָۣ̽һ磬ץס֣֮ڤʮͻıɫ
㡪˭ǰžɫգڤʮе˷Ѹǹ˼ϵʹī˸֮⣬һ˲Ҳգš
ң콿𣿽ʦ纮°㳶һ˿Ц콿ɿָԼ֮ʷڤʮؿڣ˰˳һƽһ⡣
ʱڤʮͬߵķһ㣬׹£ȴصһ̣һ㷭Ӳվ˵ϣˤȥ
ҪԴһ槼ڰζʯ״Ļغ󣬷ϣͼ֮ȴδע⵽ڤʮ⡣
콿ղ䣬ӽ֮ʣһһץºѾֿۺԼָ¡
еֵһûԵӣϧֻ֮槼һʱһμ
Ϊ槼֮٣½ͬԣͬǰԣ槼죬ƴһ˿ֲһûаڤʮ
ι֣ҿԲɱ½סˡ
ߣҪɱ͸Ͽ춯֣ԿأȺе콿üû뵽鵽ײϵĵز
㲻ˣҧ˵ĸֺ콿ָһ㣬槼˯ȥӿһһڤʮ
Լ۹ƺ֮飬ǡһƷʾԼȤ
ˣǺǡҲ᲻ɱ㡪ڤʮָһԼ˵ļǣֹѪһʹӡ
ȻǶˣҲƽ㲻ϲѪҾ㿴ԼѪʲôɫģߵʮʱͻȻסŲŶԷˣȴʹһн
ڤʮӣ콿Ҫʱ粽һ죬ӭȴȻ䣬ǰʧ콿Ӱ
ħ㵽״ѧĽڤʮջ˫Ҳʧڤ˼콿ķλ̽ѰǶһ޶Ĵ֮
ͻȻڤʮˣ޳ָһץһƬڰץ콿½󣬶˶ʱڵС
˵ôήģԱָ콿ĺǣֻҪһ̻ĺһֻȷǾµḧţǻ۵ļ֮ᡣ
ģ콿ʱѧղĽڤʮǰڰŪ
㡪ҡϢУֻõǹǽ޳ָһģ˵յеͬʱ
ڤʮ΢ָ⻮Ȼüֱǣͣ˵ĺ촽֮ϣһһ˳Ĵ߸ţϧ۵Ļһ㡣
ı̬ȻϷԼ콿Ŵ̽Լʱſںݺݵҧסǲָһ˫Ķ˵ӣĶס
ڤʮʹסǵָһݣ콿ʱһ֮˿ڣǸָѱ˵ݵĳݺۣʺѪ˳ָš
һȥָϵѪзѪЦݡ
ܺãǵһѪˣǺǣȤԲɱ㣬ǡѪջżػ⣬Ǵ˿ڵָ͵ĳ콿˵磬˰˿ڵİײѪģ˿ڣԾȻǰ
˵ĲᰡôأϷһ˿Цаָ˵˿ڴ۵콿һ˻
аָҩ̵ѪڣٴѪˮ˳
ģ̬ҪʲôתΪһʹΪڤʮͻȻͷҧ˿ڣĵʹѪҺʳĸо콿һڡ
ζһ֮ڤʮ̧ͷ⻮ߵѪգ򣬵Цš
̬ŭĵ콿ڵһε壬˫ͻȻסǿںָ󵽹Ǹ񡰸¸¡죬һ米ڤʮˤڵأ
һΪִʱѧģʱóԹ졣
ţ콿ûи֮ƶϣϣʽɱ⣬ڤʮʧȥȻ֮ʣУѪӿһͷθϮ
ͻȻ콿еһ䣬תͷһȻľ˲䡣
ڶڤʮվԼı󣬾Ȼ
æһܿ콿ǰĻ档
Ǻǣʶһ£ڤڵϵڤʮЦţվŵǸҲһͬı飡
벻ǣʯڵıڻͻȻ³¶һʯӶƮֻԹ飬һңǳ޵
ѪصĶǣֻҪ弴ɣҪţڤʮɣһ˿˳
콿һ˿ڣһִӻóֽǶԴԴĶڣ
ֽΣȻвӴӿĶ飬ۼưѽ콿׵İΧ󡪡ͷһ˿ĹҲȥݺڰ֡
ڤʮһںѪ֮бʯԣⰺȻ콿鸶Ļ档
Σ֮ʣͻȻһ˻ͬҰ޵ĺһ㣬жײС
һӰ˺ƣĻ⣬Ķ֮ԶֱܵǺ
С㡪ڤˣͬһ⣬콿ϣ
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ԲС㣬ұǵĻþסˣһɱľħ˵ţͻ鵽콿ǱƵ죬ĵ˵磬Ѫģ˿۵Ĳ
û£ͺã콿ڤĵǣοĸ˸ҵĺ췢һЦݡ
С㡪ڤһ֮顣
ߣ̫ˣڶǰ˶ĵľٶǼʶһа񣡡ڤʮݵƮþ֣֮˾ĵ׵ŭнɱһе
а֮񡪡֮߾磬ûаУԴɵģڤʮ˿̻ûаڵа飬а֮Դ
аһ˶Ǳ֮ǰаӯ
Ծ޴а֮壬õŲаûʵ壬ȴк绽
С㣬Ը飬ʰڤѿܵĵˣ壬콿뻽Ѿ!
ֻһ˽ѳεаУʱƣŤһγһźںɫţƮʯĶ
ûڤĵһ콿ʱ콿׼ֽץ֣Լ360ȵתŷԼΧγһȦ
ÿһֽɢŵĽ⣬ɳִʱ˹â콿վȦУͣǸ䣬ΪЩ飬ԲѡΪеĸ䣬Ǿת


ƣ
ħ
ͬһ㣬ΧǽʣĹȦ콿ֽĽС
콿𾪵ǣǴӺڶԴԴӿĶ˿ûмٵļ񣬷ԽԽϮ
ģͲղǣ콿һӻóһֽѾˣܰЩǾĽˡ
С㡪ҪٺķˣЩǲܾģʥаȻУڤһ콿ֽ֣סˡ
ˣҲʥҲһͬģڤټһ£Ҿˣ콿ŽһеľźţȻ̧־Ҫʩ䡣
С㡪ʥ⡪ڤŲסˡа̫ʤ϶֮һҺȻڤѱа壬ħ֮ѵ˼ޡ
ʳɣеһжʳֻаĹһڤʮվԭأչ˫ҵʶа֮塣
ڤ콿סеֽǰѾϸȥˣڤ˵ûﱾаԴ֮أƾڤ֮ԵֿڤǺ֮Ҳİȥˣǡôóʥ⣿
ҲҪڤһ𣡷Ǳʥа꣬Զʧϣ
ôڤ޹ģ˽ڤ
С㡪һݴٵļ֮ž޴ͻȻ⽥Լ͸Ļ⡣
ڤĺ֮⣬Ϊȼյ֮ʢǡ
콿ͷһɫɲס
ڤҪͣҪԼеƬȫȼͷųƽǿа񣬶ҲǻҹŶе
콿ᵽ䣬˻ųֽĹȦ˶Ķ飬ڤķȥƮźС
ˣȥᱻʳģڤʮ콿ķܲǰĻΧǽϵĺڰ㶵š
ΪʲôȻܷܲȥȱˣʹˣҲԼ侹Ȼ𾪵飿Ȼǰ
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ǰһУĹȥ飬һϰգˮ֮С
۵ʱĻʳǣаѳŽףĿԼĹһ
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ΪԼһֱŬȥֱһϣ֪ʵĲпᣡ
ưܵĲݣǼ©ڽһϯڤʮĸĸΪļȶδ˯
ڤʮ͸Ƕ˯ˣԼ䣬һ˹¹ҹȴ˸׵
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ԼСսĺǶûʲôʽ֣СҲǸģ˳ڣֺüǣ
ڤʮҧסԼĴš
ô죿ĺ嶼ܺãҲ˸óæɻͣ˾Ͱװʮֻ꣡й޻СɲʲôҪԼһҲģ׵ͻȻȥ˼̲Ҷӣ˵
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콿ĸˣ
ҲҪСĵܵˣڤҪһСԶһˣڤָ콿գΪòȥһſŵ顣
С㡪ҪʧޣһҪ뿪ƴһڤϢš
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ټˡС㡪Уڤı˫ɫӣ콿ôҡʼնδ
ĺƺƶţһĿðΧ콿ĶǷ׷׿ıܻضУȻ󣬹ϵҫĵطԽԽ󣬽еĺڰ޳ҲڤʮĲҽ
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ӽԺҲû˻ǵĺС
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콿ͷһʱӲƴ϶ѻʯûлԼ뵽ɵһٴαӣȴĵ˻С
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ڤʮȻûа壬Ի书Ҫɱһͬƽˣ׾ٵ£
𾪡纮ڤʮ˿ѪȻЦ
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٣ûмôҵģæİͷһתȥ
콿Ϣһǰòְο˵ǰҷ

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͵ת槼һƣƳݺ죬Ѫ
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콿̧Բ԰׵ӣƵһЦ漴ѨֹסѪĿһת槼
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ҽҩ£ɫʧѪļ֣콿΢Ȼ̾һ

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΢΢ָɢ콿ľ۲죬֪ҹ黹нｵȵĹܣĹﵽмţ䱦̫ȤԲһֱδз֡
ԲỬͬ޴ˮһ㣬ɫ͸͸ϡɱ⣬˵Уҹ޾͸Ϊֵǣлзɫɫǳľ״ǰһţȻЩҪǧˣϧѾڱ̶֮ˡ
еӣ콿ڤ鵤Ϊʲôº󣬾Ȼûһ㷴Ӧ
ѵʥе鵤Ҳ˲ɣ
ڤԲ𡪡૵ĵĻʹĿڡ
һƷײīڤʮ˺ʮסΡ
Ҳʱ콿Ȼĵȥеҹ俪
ֻŵ죬ī˲Ʈ콿ԣ
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ôˣͷĺţͼԼĴʱķ
ĺȻδõᣬڤʮһ͵ץס˾ī̽֡
֡ⲻ£Ҫ򡪡͵콿ˣҼ㣡Ȼ˦ЮƵ֣īŻԹȥ콿ȴȥǰĻң



ʮ 
ڤʮĽī˫һᣬ콿ڻУȥΪСģһСıȥ
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īԣֵһڤʮô˵Ļ
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Ȼڵأͬʧһ㣬ľȻ̶ˮ˭Ҳûȥ룬׸ô죿



ʮ 
ƵϦббԣʥ̶Ԩѽĵȥ⣬չĿ٣ںںڵɢڵϡ
һǵӰ˹ĺƺͿ谵ɫС
ֵµڵϵĻѣ
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˵ʲôţϷ˵񼧵Ľ£ͬץ½Ǽֵš
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˵žҪǰ鿴콿ļˣȴڤʮѸٵһīҲܿ

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ʮ 
ٴΧ۶ϵĴǣ֪䣬ѰѾīΧ˸֮Ȼǿʢ
лλĺ⣬Ǹ·ȣޣˣī¶ҪˣȻԥľܾͷ顣
Щ˿ȥûʲôī֪˴סЩ˿ȥɼͬһ㡣
գֻһǰһҲգҪǵ콿İΣðյģ
ͷīһͷȥ⣬֪ѿǵ漴üһЦŵҲֱ
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ӵĵ·һɽʯİصĴţûеƻû·ǿѨһ㣬ų
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Ҷˣͷһ̧ζķȥȻǷ͵ľϰڷż̲ɫȵʳ
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˯ɣҹԶԳθã졪ʲôԣдһ˿ǿƵĸо·콿ʱӲҪԣҲԲһ㡣
ʷһξܾ콿о
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ǰԺţɢ޴ޱȣŨҵ׾ٵıϳҹϢ
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סڣͽһߴȥһƿȰ˵ľīʥһͦվз۶ǰѲŮˡ
Լ˵ҪӻҪл˵ʹȿڣָһɨָԵļλ׼ˡ
䲻һʣλոյ֪콿еһȵĵ֪״ǧٸɫ֮չڳš
ҪıסĻҪ˹ɳƵɤһԾɻԲѵ콿ص˵š
ͬʱλʷҲǵͷͬ
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ԭӵĵ㰡ֲһֱأڿ˵ͷҵ˷ɡ
īһ䵽ʥϣҿ϶ӵǲģôʦȴô
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˶ʱңȴЦһ£תֻ峺Ӷʥ˵
˭Ĳص㣬صǡɹǾͶˣһһ˵һȻɫʥ˲˸顣
ˣĪŮˣ㲻й¶أˣ˵ȥʱᱻ񴦷أ
ԽɫԽ࣡üŦһˣ
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Ϊֱϵĺûˣôֻֻʥڳ˵׶ѡ
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ѡһֱݺݵĹˣʥһžƺ«ߵڣٷˣƺѰѸ˵Ķ˵꣬Ϳ˵ľˡ
ҿǻǾ뿪ɣϾǷ֮ӣңüһ˸
У˵⺢Ӳܴ취סȻڽֻӱĸˣңɰڱʥ˳ְæ֮壬Ҫȸˣ򵥣
ֱŮˣʥһüݺݵĵôҲ˳۵Ůˣĺߺεߵǰ
֪ܲܽأţ̧һ֣ű콿ĸʼԴԴϵĴ̥еʥա
ԼĪʮӣŻջƣһѶʵĺգ˿
ˣС㱣סˣĺܣǸˣ˭ͶһҲѵĿ죡
Ҫ٣ҵĶԸսҰһȣ˶˳ҪʼȴīһѰס
Ҫÿ˶ԱֻҪ֮һУ漰ĹâսҰĵ˵ͷ
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ͬʱĽԺڣһλߵ˵ʣ󣬲ɵһֱ塣
˵ʲôŮ˵ĺпҹĺһɷͬСɣǻҹһ壬ǧɾž룬ûḻйκλһֱΪеа
ºĻǺӻʲôģҪʲô۹Դ
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죡Ҫ˵ˣ롪ú롪ѱ²һƬҵʲηĻ˻֣˵ʣֻɫͫŴ⡣
콿峿ĵһ⣬ǲɫɨһŵˣλʦʥ˶ˣֻ˼λʷԼ
ָ̧ԼԵĹǧָĻƣɫӰ۵Цһ¡
ˣɤϲ֮飬콿ڴϣ˵ͷԼѾˣ
ű㱻һůĻУͷһ̾ϢĶ
ĥˣҪѵĻҾͿƷˣƵɤǰֱ˽У΢΢ǽľϲ
ҰˣתͷһЦɫĺʹָ
ûоﲻ˹վһԣһ˫ɫӽĶԼɵüЩƣ
ûˣллǰҰסڹǧĻԼĸĴȰüλʷ׷׾Ϊĸľ̬֮
£ˡͬȪһ㣬Ϸ³࣬οҡҡͷǰӹǧĻн˹§ţľ䣬еϢһ㡣
ҲҪһĵ콿ת˷ĻУŷỬĳΪԼġ
ķȥϵۣĴ꣬һ鲻Խ˾Ҳ˵ĲһܵļҲ֮
˹İԵսҰĿǧᡢϷµԼīЩֵŽǱ˱ԼĹǧ
ãһ㣡ΡҴľ˵Ŀѡҡδ˵꣬㱻콿˴У⡢ԸȫĽһǱ˳ùǧһŰڸġ
һĴӼλʷõ콿ЦһҸǣߣԼҸˣ



ʮ 
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һͷ䵽ԼȻƽƽС֮ϣҵЦˣ
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ΪʲôʻΪҹأֱǻ
ʲôأﲻ𣿡һһ̧ͷһ˫Ц
ˣͷ˵ʲôˣԱƣǧһԼࡣ
콿񾲵Цݣģָ̌ķϵƮļƷ˿ǵĲΪ˳ãһ֣§ԼţĶԼľ䣬ڻ㡣
Щ϶ǵıҹĺǺǡûпս̾Ƕķı飬ʥ˵ЭȻҪһ̾Ρ
ѵûлɹͷ𣿡һ̧ͷ콿һʳԼ֪ġ
ԣǧ΢Ĵ峺ӣЦĵģЦںһ˴
Ǻǣôôɵ⣿ǡ㵱Ƕɵ𣿻ôԴʣԴͷԵ۰׵ӣż˿ζ
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ںõ𣿻̫ȵĻһ۰ɣҲûˣɤЩ۳ȷ紵ߡ
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׵Ŀģ콿ڻʷ£ûб̫ɹͷһʵĵȴĿĵأ
˿̡ԼһҸŮˣ



ʮ 
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ҵľϣһЩĻƺǻ
ҵ˿Ϣĳ֮һ·ϲУûֹ콿Լ·˵˶иаҪԼߣⲻʮؾһʱ
ǻһԽʲôиĹΪΡƢҲΣЩţеôڿСѾͷͦеġ
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˵ҪԲùҡԼȥ㡪㾹ȻʼˣѶͷ˿ӻظзƢԤס
ģôԶҲ޷ǲԼۣҪ֪һˣôԶ·书ٺãǿҲܲ˵ģܶģΪҵ׸
ҲܺòãǵģҪ˵Ĳ
ԽԽίĿģһо;ˮ⣬
˺ˣҲģս̾ôô˵أұˣȼͬСһ㣬ί޲޵ģæֽ§뻳Уò۳ĺţ˵ߵսҰ
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콿ǧһΪЦˣӣɤ֮¶š
ҡҲֻ˵˵ûҪԲ𡪡Ҳ֪ôˡĿڵ콿ӿУǸŴңҲ֪ôԼľٶˡ
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ֻǻתһ֮⻹һ׺͵ģʵϲ
ѽУôԳ;أһŵĸߵ콿һŸ˿ŵı顣
ѽѽ˲ãҪúúòˣ˵һתȺԼҵˮ¨ץ㣬Ĵ㴽ߺǰ
ģ콿һˮ飬æˮ䵲ǰ棬õŸ˵Ц
ÿˣסһߵģллʹ˸ɫȻЦ紺ĻлŸ˵顣
ѽŰɣӣĸ㣬ӳ˶иãţɤ콿飬Цõĸס㡣
ȴû뵽յġճһ鷳



ʮ 
콿ڸ˵Ⱥпը˹
СǷ׷ԼӪʳ˵ǳ˲壬֮ģŵһλʮˣߵһźܿһֻĸҪ콿š
ǼʵʵţͻȻ˳õĺòڣŵų򣬶ʱë죬òҡ
콿ЦݽϣֻĸŪĲֱ֪ˣһ㱻˴Ⱥ
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׷Ѱʱŷ콿ȱڻɫ΢׵վȺΧԶĵط
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ұ죡ͻȻһХɲǼ䡪еĽֵϰ
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ҲԣʦΪң֮ʱ᲻ʦߣӹǧĻһסңɵ֡
޲ɢ֮ϯҪúñأ˵ţȰĸ˸콿ĺڷֳ񼧵˵ͷȻһȥˡ
ǧܿޣиɻ޵ģȻ¾ͻ޵ģ˫콿ӣԼ΢ۿ˴
̫ʦԼΪǣīƮңɵıӰǣңҲңһ̤֮·
ܲҪҪͻȻĴ˵˼սҰûͷûԵһʣ콿عЩЦõ
Űɣǰ滹֪Ҫ߶Զܵһ֮أǻҪʳУʼʰϵʳ콿״һԵĹǧ͵˹
ȥʦʰôһ˶أƵĹǧ͵˹ɫһ漴æְ
ļ˽ЦһƬڵƮιӢ֮ɢĴ

֮

ʮһ 
һϦߵһǣʱĽŲĳɽ
žɵֻһ˳ȥӲľ·ӿݵ·沼ʯһأ϶Ū糾
·һªĲɫľںзɡǸ뷢׵ĸͷΡΡºõһյ͵ߵһľϡ
ˣŮһУ磬ǻ콭Ĳç֮һװ
һȴһϹ۵ʦΪγΪʦأ
ֻ԰ڷһδãžɶһǾ֮
һһľƺЩ𷭣
˵ʲôҲҳս֮λֱЦˣĨĨ죬˲мһ˵ŮˣŵҺ
Ůһ˫ԴֵӢüšˡ
ţȺףֻҪҰĵƱضƴһѣҪλʱ򲻼˾ͿԳɹ
еľ룬һڣº˵
Ҫ
˵ɣȻʦֻΪ㱳ʦأһŮüģֵ˷еľ룬ͬҡͷ
ƨôûӣҲȥͶССһ˾룬һƾǺ
ĵγİҹţ¹죬ûģѾˣŮ˫ǵġ
ѣһſеľҺƺĽһ˦
ʲôƨҹţЩ͵£ҳλ˻δƵֱ㶨ֹˣһ͡
ôˣʦ֣Ůȷ˵״ƣȴĵǱһƶ֡
Ѫ˲ʱɽȾŮǰ½
һݶļ𣬲ʱһš
ﾪץֱߵĽ˲˳˲һ˫ݵֱŲеĿ
ŴŮֻʣˣ
һǲϰ塣
һϹʦ
һգѳʣʦȥʦ򿴲ŵıһ
ԶϵһˣĬĬţ˾ȵǼһ·¾һˬȾ˳
ޣ˵ʦ𣿡öĵĴߵ˹һĨǳЦϵı֮顣
ȤҾӦöǰ˵Ǿ仰Ȥɣָ˸΢ҵķ˿˳ԲĶ󣬺һЦ
ҲȤҲػΪżģ̾һӯӯ
һҽУĲλϹ۵ʦķ
Ѫɽ֮ʣﾪֻӣԼ׷ɳȥֻս֣ٵڶʹİ֮ǰһѪۣѶض
ʦɫ䣬Ȼıò֣ƺ֪ǰʲô
ľϰȴеĿҶһ㣬̽һͷ鿴¡
ǰһƬѪ죬ʱŵһƨϣ˹ͷ
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һ磬һӰƮ˹ȥ
սҰеĵ֮ϣʱҶϣٻ٣ȴһԣõͷ֮£Ȼһѱ׼ޱȵĴսҰĶݹ
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ߣҷȥ·ôôߣЩԹ⣬ǧСķ콿ʯ·̤˽Ų
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ʦѪ΢ɱͬһˣĵš
㡪˭
ҿ˵˵˭ɣ콿̤תһŸɾľϣš
ǰʦԼ
ңǰҹžʲô
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ΪʲôŮ˻֪Լݣ
û뵽ȴЦ
Ҫ֮λȴ֪˭㲢ֵˣһ˦һԣŵ콿
㲻ùܣᴦҪһص۶ˣ
ţ֪ˣʦİɣһκ˶ȫģ˵ţһߵǣһİġ
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Ҫһ粨ˣȥıӰ콿̾
ˣ²ȥĵģЩõְӣֻʲôǧֱֱ̽еɫ
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˲ˮֳЩ׵Ķ콿ٴ·
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ԼһͳĹŮʱϵĹͼǱɳȦģԭʮֵĿЦ
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΢󣬵ѩ׵ȹ·ɹȥ֮С
ðɣһأϲǺһЦںҪԼʲôΪеᰮͲ䡣
Ǻĵһ£Ҽջţȥ˲÷ӣһ콿׵׵Ļһˡ
һӣ˿û֮ϣ欵̬һţǻɫӳʱ۵ӣԽйǰǹɿɰŮˡ
ôҲڲȥĹ⻪սҰ̾һмнЩǡ
ǣԭɫײô֪ϾͲôˣգӣ΢˵š
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ҹǣ̵ĵƻ׺ݻޱȣеˮҲҫ۵Ķ֮⡣
ĺӵϣʱȴӵһֻֻװκĻɫɳƮţװÿֻ޶鶯
콿ⱻеˣԾפںԹѵһķŻ棬ŷĴݣһŨķ˱Ƕ
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ģеĽһ̧ʾʺ
콿ȴеİȾûκα飬ֻ΢΢ףȻѸٵתȥȴ֪ĺԶȾһĨζ֮ɫ
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콿ǳ¥׬Ǯʽˡϧ¥Ļϰ˵λײβ˻Ů˶֪Ϊֹ˭ҲԵãϧѽϧ
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ѾͷԷ仨¥ģϸɤ˲òܾ񣬴£
ңܲһ£ﻹ𣿡ɨһѾѾͷһȥûһλ
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ǺǣҼʮƽŷѣЦĻ֦Ҳ̧촽һֱֻ˸һ֡
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¶˸Ǯϣĵܹ
ʱһĨҫ۵Ĺ⻪ӳͷһǿԼʯ˳ǣҹ顣
οҹ飬ѹһѻƳγεĽҶӣǹǧļҲƣҲֻϲҶӣ˵ǲռطַЯ
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콿ˮ
ûȥЩʵġԹ޵ġĵֱֱֻضǸЦ绨ָ̧סԼؿһ⡪


ԺŻ

ʮ 
˶Ǹ޺ѵСѾͷһ㱻ǵĵһ˿ˣ
ιҹ飿óǿһȽơ
ǰóĺһƬӦϡ
ǰɱ֮ǣ콿üͷԽӵԽȺβ˵һ仰ûҹ飡ҡҲˣ
һָ̨ϵɳޣ̧ܲ۵Լµˣԩ޳ģΪݺԼѵڵӷǳ۸
㡪㾹Ȼ˴ңӵб飬Ҳң̨ϵĺһίһôԭ޹ʵƮ
ݰ콿ʱİٱ̬֮˵̼Թ񣬺ôأ
ԲûϷǣһӴͰȥأսҰͻģ
ֱͻñһקɳ̴۵ӽߡ
ġȻһ
ǺʱܵԼģΪʲôѵΪԼ岻ԹΪһ书أ
üϸĴǰȻӣü̲˵ľ޺죬־ֱ˺ѷΡиڲء
㣡ӳôҿһɣࡪҲľˣϴһȣĸо콿˺һȴֽ֡
ֻҪһۣνʶʱΪܣڵʺϴ򶷣Ҫ밲ȫĴȥһҪڶʱ뿪ֻЭһ
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֮Уеʱһ⻪콿ϵģǴ˵еҹ飡
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֮ѸٵջڻУ˵̧ߡεûټ
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һƮɳ΢΢ͷһҪ׷ϵİʹžܾ֮⣬ͣ˽ŲԭشŴ˶Ȼȥ
ƺ̵ҹ֮ϣ콿ĲܲȴôҲ˦ճ˹
ι㻹Ҹһû㣬ˣ㣬ҪٸˣԸŲһ٣תûĵ
û뵽ԼһһſҪͬСĿί
ŨܵĽëгˮ⡣
˲Ҫ𣿡Թ̴Ʈɢҹ֮С
Ҳˣ콿ͻȻһ˵֮С
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콿ʱ˵ʲôأԽ˵ԽɴͷջȺ׸ˣ
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ԶԶĸżɫӰҹɫû֮ڣɳ޽Ų΢٣׻ҹɫ˫̴۵ˮоȻŰЩӰҪٸ
Ųһֽ̧ĸȥҹɫУĨӰһǰһļڽ֮ϡ
ô죿ΪʲôͻȻı˼ƻǸСѾͷ˭İУһʡ
֪ȻԼľǾ°ɣһεŮ̾漴ӰʧҹɫС
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㻹֪䲻һ˵һһ̧ͷ˵˹˫˵ı
Ǻǣ˯ȥ˹䡪Цһ͵ԽԽС󱻶ڱС
֪սҰСӴ˿ĳ𣿰ҹϢ˽ҲϢǶ𣿡Խ˵ԽһɴǺģɼǧѾĲˡ
ԷŭͻĶУ콿ץ°ڣһЩǵķӦ֮
ҡԲҡֻȥ䣬ʲôƵģҪ֪϶ȥģŬſĳǡѧ˸˷
ģ˹͹ǧеŭ𽥵ʧȡ֮Ĳۡ
վʲô˹һ֣콿̧ǰ׼ͶֱǱһ
ĳǡһֻ֣ק䣬Թŵҡˡ
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˵ãһٶ˵ҡ˵ӣҲɱ˵Ļôڿ϶ᵱ˵
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λ㡪ȾҰɣҪץȥ¥ҡҲȥѽֺֿģСŮҵСˮ
ͻȻץסȹǵ콿СŮȴϷ𣬽˴뿪콿ǰ
ҪкðɣȾҰɡ׷ԽԽ󣬼Ӱѳ˹СŮӶСӣŵĶ㵽Ϸµ
ʱΧľһȺֵİգһָָ㣬۷׷ף˭ҲûǰһǼ׷Ĵǡ
һŮУοȺСŮһɲ
ܰܰﶼѾ¥ˣ㻹ܣһ׳˴һ̿С̫¶ԲĴְӣòˡ
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˵꣬սҰȥͼܹǰǰ
ȾҰɣǱӲǵӵġսҰӶһĨϵۣһ˫ӼսҰԼ޹ʱ䡣
㲻ҪǱƵģһǷˣܲǿѹ֮µսҰһס֡
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СģǧһţսҰɶ콿׳߷ɵһԣ콿ǰ
һ˫΢УĴǰͻȻðļλ
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Сĵ㣡𣿡ǧæº͵һЦ
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˷֣Ůһţƿתű˹һ·
Сж뿪˵ѸٵĽϵ³һס˴İ֮ȥ
ǿߣﲻȫǧ콿תҪȥȴӶקס
㣬ҪӶСǿĿ⣬콿֮һͻȻڤӡ
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ī˶ˣ˭֪ǻʶʱӲҪǰƴһӢ¾֮ƣƫƫϼҴڵƻûȥˡ
콿Ӷһ·Ƕȥ˽ٶаɹ
ӡһ㣬Ӷˣǧ콿һ·챼콿Ӷ֣ʹܵɫͨ졣
Ϣһ°ɣӦûᱻǲסģǾȺˣ콿һأӶ㿿
㡪ǲȣкö඼¥Ĵ֣ҪǱǿˣǿɾܲˣ֪иܺõĲ֮ܿϵˣߣǶ㵽ȥӶ콿֣һһȥǧʱʱĻͷǰķһ۲ʷûнȺ˰ѵһҲ׷
Ҫ̫죬СĵһͷӶ콿ѿʼСܣǧ̾һͷæȥ
ΪʲôµӶ⣬š
ΪǧϽӿڣȴ콿ס
Ϊ岻ã˶ȣȻεģ΢Цĸ˸Ӷͷ콿תʼ·ߡ
ģ״ܾƺ̫Ծȴ˵ǰСѾͷҲһ
ӶҪȥĵطװµţ콿ϸĹ۲ķӦ
ţҪȥӶ۹һ˲ץ漴һĨĺЦݡ
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һĨɫ˿ɢڵ棬ӳй
µˣɢһͷ˿նӣŸ
Ǻǣǧ֣Ҫһٶʱ㻹δ˴Ҫˣ૵У͸֮⡣

Ϊ

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תת֮ӶվһȺɫľǰ׺ʯʨĿ׶ۿ󡣴׳Ĳϵһʯ壬ΨΨΣʻ֮ò
ϸܵȻľϣֻǱĿһᣬľɫĵĸЩ
ӶסŽʨŻһҳ
ԺӿɹˣþöûסˣǶˣҪ̤Ľһգԭز콿һЦȥ
һ£һȽȥ̽̽ţ¾ʹһϳǧסӶľͷǾ콿
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治˵ģΪӶס˹ǧ½ֹǰ
Ϊʲôɫ콿Źֵš
ΪΪֹ˰죬Ӷһص˵һ˫ӻתţƵġ
йüһ̧ۿźͥԺֻһͨӰڽԺڵľȫӰвʻһˮӵҹɫ֮
һֵֻֻĻļ棬΢޵ĺˮƮŻ˳ˮ
ǣĹΪ˵϶ǧɺº͵һЦţ롪СӰ롣
ģԺﳣ꿪һӣһԺпµİأῴӰƮӶɣšϸüɲµĽһ
ޣ㻹ҽȥ콿һĨЦ˫ĽӶı顣
˵ʵһ˿ɲҪڻǴ죬ϣȫǵҶȥͷӶС˵ţ콿һŵּ͡
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ȻһȽȥˣǧһ粽ͽżܿӰ֮
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ȥɣȷʵûˣСĵķ콿żƹӰڣǰһƬ
Ժһһž޴ʵϻУı߻שʯס곤ˣٴӵ¶棬˼שʯӳ
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ԺȻһž޴ӣʷۣǻʢӶ˵һ㲻٣ĺ֣
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Ҫߡ򲻵ѡʱͲҪ䡪һֻ³˰˹ȥ
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һЦƮңԶȴֺܽһһǳĴ֮
ӶΪʲôҪˣĿʲôʧȥܵȻ콿ɴཫǧŵϣתš
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Ϊǰһ򶷣콿Щ̥һݣԹ˵ڣϢԼ
岻ô׳ɲУҵѾͷ͵һʵĹͷȻĶ棬콿΢׵ӣһ˫ѿڵϢ
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˵ô࣬ڿʣȶˮɣָʹĻò⣬콿Ϣһͣƿ
סˣ
ĵһҹɳ֮ϵĲһ䲻ȵĲˮȥ
ȴҹɳδֽ̧ӹ΢Цҡҡͷ
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һĴȻҹɳһ־ּ֣΢ָȻУʺָӡѽ˺⣬תŨ
ģһ˿ЦƮǰ
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ȻĵϺڵָӡ׵ļ֮ϣСļγԼķµӲץ

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죡Ϊʲôιȥģƿ½˲ãҹɳÿҽʦǰ
ǰҹɳר̫ϣ˿һδСѾͷЩǺݣΪռרΣ֪ƽﲻ˭ֻҪ½ճǺζᱻҹɳѵһҪǲСһѣǾҪһˣ
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ʱ䣡ʱӣҪΪ˸ۣǿߺݺݵĥĿ֣
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ʲô˵һΣ͸ŨŨΣ֮
˵һٱҲʵΪСʵٲʺϴ̥Ӳп֡ŲȥѽŹˣҲõ֮´ģһ˵꣬ҹɳ޵ɫˣæŲŲ
²´ҪȥˣһҪѾͷȥĻʱ£
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Ůˣ㻹鷳˵ֺݺݵĽ˦˻ȥ
κ֮֮ǰѹҪо񣡡ݺݵһ仰󣬲żһãȻʧҽʦ
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ǵŶϣ㱻˿һʱĻʷǲźò׽Ʀʽļͥǰѵ򶫳Ƕȥ
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ģȻ˱˵Ȧףǧһ֮ҽȥĴҲֻøŶȥ
ǣҲ֮أҲ࣬ȻǧµļҲڴƺš
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һ׷ڣ̱ǰҵķֲ·£ͣ˽Ų
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ڣֱѺɫ֮ˣһǷɫ֪ǹ֮ˡ
ͣ˻ʳֵĲпڣ֮ǰѺڵͬ˴˳һѰڵϡ
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ȵһ̧Ӷ̧߳һľͰĹ֮ˣľͰǰ
ʱٴǰһΧΧ۵Ⱥڣһָ
ľͰŵˮʯҾͿ˷ϵȾȫ˵Ϊ˹ƽаʯҵԼˮУϸ͸нֿڡ
һȺը˹һ۷׷ףָָ㣡еĻȻелɡ
ʱٰն˰ʯң׷ǰҪ롣
峤ڵ˹ͬ£ȫ֤ľͰеˮÿ˸ԵһЩʯң
һˮ
һ׳һѶϵˮưʢһưˮһͷϽȥ
˷׷עȻνˮ£ɫ˿ˣ̫¿ʼ˱仯ɫķ˿𽥵תڣ¶ԭķɫ
һƬȻ𣡹峤΢΢һЦ˿ڡ
ˣð¶ˣ˴峤Խץ֤ףһ£ֽ˵
УܵƺļͥˣɵõʵĲһзþҹеĶŮʵЧңһĸﻰȺбһ󼤺
йƵģнкõģȺһ˷
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ι㲻ֱҪʱ·ɣģһס콿ҹɳ޲ͬ͸߹ҵ
תͷüҹɳޣ콿żɬһĨ͡
һ˵˽ҿ԰ȥʵȥԸҪķʽһعݺݵĳŵֱۡ
ڶҳڰٻ¥ĺϻˣҰŰˣ
ҹɳޱһ䣬΢Ц糣˰֮ɫ
֪ǺǣⲻΪЦ˵վҪȥȴ콿һĵûЦֱߡ
һ£ߵôи𣿡׷˵ҹɳޣסһֱۣ˹
ңǸʲôӣǷǸ˵һе硪ĶԼĺͻˣҹɳӵĻ롣
еĶ˵ʲô߱ʣǸصִˣ콿ҲǺ档
˵һЩҸ޷Ķգʱҹɳ޾һֻɵСһ㣬δ˻롣
ҲɣЩǺƾ񿴵ģˡôģǸ˵Ϣ콿˫ƺѰ·ߡ
ٵϣţٶȶ죬ǾɷƵĳǺ콿űӡ
ϻܵ㣡
ͷһͣһֵֻһεİɫ˿
콿ӹϣü쾱ǰ
һٵһȥͷһԼͻСصһ̾Ϣǡ
Լ֮ʣһֻͻȻҸ£˱ֻߺ磬֮£Ʈˡ
ҹɳ޽ⴽóɽУСĵĻŻе콿ƮĶޱȣҲעⲻȥѹĸڻС
Ṧ£ԭҪϰʱ·̣˼ӱ㿴ͷһǵء
سǲ󣬵¥С¥ʵĺɣ¥Ϸý֣ء
СطǸԣĺܣ
ʯĽֵԣַСȻĽţв̷ҲؽֽţǺ«ģС糵ĺһƬò֡
ټϸ¥ׯſڵСǵ˳ԷʱҲվſߺţ£ſˡ
λǺ¥ԸɣӦоУûԲŵģǺǣһλСϹһë߲˳µĺЦӭ
С࣬콿֮ģ̧ͷյ̫һ漴˵ͷ
ðɣȻҼѾͷѡңͰѺòȫɣҹɳүһ㣬һžСһӣֱЦ춼ֵ׶ˡ
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ҹɳ޶ӭ˶¥ɾĲ콿⡣
Ŵߵλˣֻѡ˸мķ˸ո£ðĲˮѶ
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ҹɳ콿ʾԼϲľͺãԼǶ˲豭һڣ漴̧
¥ڲȴʮŷһȥûƼ⵽ͦá
䣬˼Ĺһ˫˫ˮԼ漴һЦٽŵջĿ⣬
һתۣͻȻ콿ֱԼĿ⣬һ䣬һĨЦݡ
ˣ
ûֻأҪҪЩģеĲ˵ݸҹɳޣתҲղŵ߷ȥ
ֻͷԷĹʱʱĻ߳
ҹɳЦҡҡͷ˵ݶȥˡ
ȥžƮĶ
ȣ˵ˣԼҵĻôûɵأǺǣƾž⣬һСԼҵ¶
ţǣԼСû˼£ȻǺǣ˵ŻůһЦǲ֮⡣
˵ţֶͷһŵϲ֣ӭʱĻӡ
ԷĿ˷׷׼ǰ̾ؽֶĻΣǽǱԼС·ɡ
콿ϲͻֱüͷ˼˵ǿУǲĳ

и֮ŭ

ʮ 
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üǰϵĲôʳҲˡ
ҹɳޱĴ⣬Ĺز£ɼ콿ʮֲãҲ۴⡣
ǿԼ϶ҲȢףԼײһˣĪģڴһŮ˺ڴ̸Լ¡
֮˽澪ţ±ԼҵצȥֱӸˣƹԼôĶ֪
Ҳʱ컨ͻȻͣҲˣֻһӵĿ쳹ֵ
Ը㻹Ҿͺƴˣ
֮ʱ˷һʱ䲻ԷĿ˶׷ӿ¥ȥֳֿ֡
ӿ֮Уһ˲Сײһ콿ʳӣʱϣͷһš
ﷳƵ콿һڸǰڳԲ£ɴһţóһЩͷŵ׼ˣȴû뱻ҹɳסֽС
ӵģѾͷǮϳһ˿ЦһתǸײӵһק˹
ǲ۵Ķһ˺⣬ס˵´㽫˴Ӵ˦˳ȥ
ֻһҽУ֮˵İ˽֮ˡ
콿һ㶣ŭһɱ˵ҹɳޣæ첽¥ݳ˳ȥ
ֻͲĽֵϣȥӻССǣҲֻʣ½һͨе·档
һ˼һѣΧˣѹ£ǳǳš
˭ٿҾһҹɳ׷ϼȺ콿Ƕѩһ˵Ȼķ
ɢܺǰֻһλŮȴŶӣȴΪ⡣
һĵӼֻһ˶ܺǰҹɲƵ˼Ӻæ״ŵǰһѡ
˵ˣ߰ɣˣ˵ŻԽԽҹɳޣһЦЦĿ⣬ԼеĶһ㣬ŵһ˺
ۿҹɲ콿ǲ̾ôô࣬ԼҶֳһɲλҲҪˣ
ġһޱȣΧԶԶǶ۾ӲڵϣſǺ·˾Ȼһƴϣӵ硣
һקݺݵľסҹɳ޵½󣬽һ۵۵
˵ݣҲҪи˵ԭ޹ɱˣÿ˵һ䣬һ֣޲ٳơ
ѹµˣһ˰вϣԲѣǱӳȥ˻ۣһʱ֮ûӦֱԭҶ֡
ԤĴһϣҹɳްۻɼ콿ʹ˶ľҲ棬ҲЦ롣
ҹɳǺε֮ˣС˵ûһǰ绽꣬һϯ֮ҲǸ߸ϣ׷Ҫ˵˰ѰˣԶû˸Ҷ˵䡣
ҪѵǰʶôѾͷʱͻȻ˫Өŭһӳһͣ
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һ֮ǰ˳콿΢ָ߲ա
ûû˴Ӷ¥пܻˤŭɤ͸εȻ˲ֱ˫ۡ
ҹɳ޸¥ˣ鿴ѹ֮ˣһָȥԵ˶ʱ˹һոյĳӰһҰףĿڣºŰ
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ҹɳޱһֽСĹ˵߹ǣǰȥ
˼⸽ҽݣûͷûԵľߣ콿Ҳˣ˸ߵ˱ʡ
֪ҽݣŰ׷ȥסƫȷҹɳ޾Ŀĵضȥɵǣһֿ޺ķεĴ˹һתͷֻһӱ˴ıףƵš
׷ʲ׵Ļ֮ˡ
ӱܱ߿޺ûˣѦͷҲŹǵģеľĺҪһͷײϽԵǽʱ콿һƮ˹ȥ
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Ұ͵ҽݣҽҩ⣬ʣµľ͸ˣ˺ͽԪ£ת콿ȥ
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Ҫţ»ûҹܲ˵£ͼ̵˵ɣΪʲô׷㣿̾һ콿϶ӱǱѹһйȥŵĻš
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һԽ콿ȥȴڰ·ҹɳסһһ˸Զ
˭ٵңһǿͬĺһͣǳ
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ô£һֱһŮžŭǻ콿ֹסŲӸҹɳޡ
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ӷˣΪͬһЦ콿֪λɫƵСǺݣһ档
ͬҾ֪Լҵˡ򡪡ݻһ£Եһָ˱ǰһ
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Ҵ˭һȥͷŲôء
콿һۣ̳һĨ˵ķ籬˵һ㣬Ʈѿ˶ȥҲ֪ģȻһ·Ĵȫڵأ
ͬһ㣬һֿסѿʺһ۵ɫֽʧ

ŭ

ʮ 
˵ԼҵһһʹѿԲ̵
ҡѿ㡪ңȻһ֮ʹ۵ѿס˻ͷ
Ȼô
ҡҵͻʳöٶ죬㡪Ӳ˵ģð亹ѿְԼļвˡ
ԣ콿ŭЦ
ޣǵ˵˵ʶˣĹܲŵң
ҡҵʶĽܡͤТϡйҵĺѡѿƴԼõһЩԱ˵һѣĹҲǱ콿׷ΪĹ𣬴ǹǧ͹ǧı常벻Ҳ˻һ
콿Цһһղ˵ְЩˣһһ飡
һ˦֣ѿҹɳޣתϲĽȥȻһŮֽۣű챻ڽУĻ
æŮӽȳɷžۡ
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˼ȻҲȾǱǿɣҲǡһǿԸģ˵ɷ첽ȥ
콿һתͷһͷĽȥһƽӳǰһŭա
ڽеĲǱˣԼĻʷ򡪡ƣѻԲѣֻһڽԷ˳
ָ̧һ̽ıϢģŭ⿪ִӻеһҩι¡
һתѣԼǰѹһɫӰ̾Ϊѿȴһס
ƣң
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ǰŮɬǧ׷Ѱ֮ˣ˼ҹɤڶߣôϴ
㡪˭
ɵˣֻż棬ͰҲϲңû˵꣬㱻һ§סУգϲˮ
ҡΪҲˣץȥǿӭ֮ʱҲҵڣ־䶼ű׵ľģ콿ͷһжŭ⡣
ɵӣҼסκ¶ȲҵҪ򲻵ʱҲһҪסѰ㣡ǧɵ£֮̾ɫǸ۵ĸỬķ˿
⣬ҹɳ޼콿ȥҲΣֵ̧ȥ¾ʲô£ûͼ콿һλϲ۵ֿ꣬Ц˳üĿ以⣬ò顣
һҹɳޣ콿̵Բӣɨȥ
ѿأ
ҹɳ޲һָѿѨӵ·ԣ˸ǰ
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ǰҹɳӦһʱ֮佩Цԡ
ǺǣѾͷ˵ɲǿӲӦŶԣ˵Żָ˸򶷶΢ҵķ˿
콿һְۣһԺֹơ
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ҹɳһüѰζգգۣƽŵ֣ǺһЦ
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ҹɳ޺˿콿ָ⣬ԽķǹεͬԭҰİ֮һ̺޿ɱƣʹǰ֮˻Ǹеи
λˣǧȥعǻǿ߰ɣˣҪԼ׷˭Ҳ߲ˣһλпϵ߲ǰֻվȺУòСȰţԱΧ֮Ҳ׷׵ͷǣֱȰǸϿЩ뿪
콿˼һѵԼССڻ浽˸ҹܵĵز
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ҹɳԳüǺһЦǳŪ֮⡣
ô㻹عٲɣССأжٱƾղŵƣĻõŵģЦץŪ֮⣬콿һУһ
ûЦҲִȴߣȥǸع٣һڣö˾һ!
˭£Ҳܰһ°
ƽüһĲͬ뵣ģ续ϸ֮ɫ
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Ǻǡ㻹ƭˣһЩȷڡҹɳЦ͵ȵèһһ콿ָ߽ɬŮӡ
ҲǼٵİɣ콿ĵӣѹͷߣеֱ콿
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úúãҪЩСһŲȥģʱսƦƦʼ磬ִһָ
ʱĴͶĿӰˣžžžȫ˵أէһжʮˣĺɫװں½󴦶а졣
ǿ֯
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̧ˣ콿СĵĽƻȴһǰԼǰ
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ã𣿡Ƽ콿ü˫֪Ʋסˣǰ˳˳ıȰοš
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ɣΣѹͷֳӵ벻벻ĵЦӶȳȥͬһУǽ
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ӣʤѿ
Լүɫһף콿ҧҧߵŵͷ˵˼䣬ֻתܡ
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󵨿ͽȻڲˣͳͳץȥʣǼ⣬һ̧֣ǻӵ壬ֱǰ
ֻһȣԴۣ
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˵£ץѵҪץܺүƱ磡ץȥһɱһڵ󣬶ݺݵĶ콿һСѾͷ̬֮ŵΪλأ
һ콿˦ϵѿƵĺ£ֱǶ˶Ѷ볤塣
͵һŲߣһڷɳٳһȭǰ˵ϣѪɽ֮ʣĴܵ볤ǰ
žžžһʮĶ⣬ͷת˰㵹ȥ
һȺʣССط˵زӻʹұأ⳯лû˹ܣ
һߺȣżŭ֮⣡콿û뵽Լͳ£Ȼ˴֮ͽֱķΣڴãعٺԼҵͨǸټȥ



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ˣò֣߾ǰռ޶
νľ޶Ӱ֮󳬺Ԥ룡ԭҲֻŶǲԶˮзжݻԼҹĳֱ֮ˣⶾǻᴫȾһ㣬ȻƮˮǣּˣصĵɺ˻Ⱥд˶һʱ䣬ֻȻĸ
˿̱˹ϵ¶֮ˣɫȻеĴڣĶŲ룬ǳţҲһŭ֮޲ǰʬ
ﲻٴɫ߾񣬿㻹к˵ʣ
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Һͬ˲ȥţλ԰ĳһģ˵ţ޵ɺɵĴ˶죬ɫһ죬˫ĻС
һԷɺ豤֮һǷʹֶ˶Ůˣͻվֱָȡ
շģ㻹Ļˣ˻˷ɧŮҲǱɧȥģھһڣ˽Ծ
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ҩ֪һҪǣŭһжġŹҩתתû͵ӣ£ıס
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һ֮˰̧ҵͷ۷ȣŵĸϽһתͻȻ˶죬͵ȥ
ν㣬ȾҰҪҽԸĽ£ɱģɱҰɣŶ½š
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ҲǮͨ˹ȾеһС̣͵жеĶݣƳɶҩͶˮǣٸ׽÷ȣһ֮󣬷гɾ֮Уһ˼밵ҹŵжԵȫһգ涾
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ҩĽڳûһɫҰף֪Լҳͽǳ˻澡ȴѴڰҹͷϣһŷҧгݣɱ֮졣
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ԺһŲǹǧλʷ
ˣ˼·ϲ˸£˵ʱ䣡ǧ°ڿڣɨһȦ֮˺󣬰Ŀⶨϡ
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⣬֮׷ǧݿš
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ޣǣǾȸˣŹ̸£һվҪȥʲԼŮ۵Ĳ֮ﴫǧĶ鷳
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ʳڣ¶Σ콿ץжŽ콿񴫵ݣõطٸסֻܸż
ۿԽԽˣվ˳֮ˣڳ֮Ůʴ˱ӣȴͬʯ󺣣ûϢŮûаӦֻ˵СطķͽõطԱȥŰɣ
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ðɣپʹϳѲһΣȥؾʲô£΢΢һЦ綢ĺһ㣬ڹһë˲õԤС
븮ڣ콿̫ʦڣһָŴƤһţЦĺò졣
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عٵĴΪйټĹԱ⣬ļұһɱͳһĵطС
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վ֮˲ǱˣԼҵϴ츻
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һָ̧סԼ˿ڴѨֹѪֲŴ½һҩƿҧƿ˳һҩ衣
ۣӵҪƢһ䣬ͻȻ뵽ԼѹŵҲͬǹæתףȴһ˫ӡ
ǰҹɳȻѣȴһĴͣ콿һüֵһҩС
ȥ͵°;һӲ䡣
ʲôˣĵһȴֱ񣬳Ĭ콿һ
ˣȥҴ򣡰Щ̧ȥҧվδ˵ָĴǡ
ӡ콿࣬Щ㶵ҽʦŵ˵һ䣬콿ߡ
Լߴվţ콿ûһɡ
ŸûˣǲǣӭͷһʹҽʦŴӸղžĶǵĳع鿴ӵơ
ƨѪֹסˣڰϰ˶̧㡪ȥҰѼ⵶Ҫ죡Ҳݺݵ˽ҽʦָһ콿ѱƵľ棬̧һԵķڡ
ҹɳ޴ʱг콿˭ҲӨӰһŻȼȺУҫȴůƢ
һݣ콿ֳ׼õһ޹ǵǸյŵ¯Ͽһ£һ̧סһ
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ˣһˣ˵꣬ҧסŮһ׽ѸٵĻԼеۣ¶Ѫģǹ۶
һ̧֣޹ǵǷĵݽԼУ׼ޱȵһɲʱһŽ۵ء
Ķͷ͵ðһҧëɵͣޱȡ
µëѸٵĴ½һƿҧӾ˿ϵһƬ׷״ҩĭ۵סֱ˿Ϊֹ
һƹ˲һӣҽʦλʮĴ򶼵Ŀࡣ
һͷ˦ȥϵĺˮҽʦ
𣿡
ҽʦŵĵ˵ͷ콿ŷһƨľڣëˮһڣոɣϵĺ飬ĿϢ



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̣˿ڵʹ񱻼͹һ㣬ըʹĵף亹ֱðϿʳĸһ㡣
찡񰡣ԭ˿̴׵ɣ
ɬĴְһ䡪үү
ٰ尾֮ʣһ˫ȵĴָĶͷĴͬëȥЩʹֵһơ
ҹɳǰӿŻӨޱȣӳԼǲҰȴԾա
ʹɣ˭ɵһΪ˵ʯһīĶԼᳰ͸ŨŨۣһʱԷֱ˼
ʲôǽӵǻھ͵ҲȲ˵ģȻʶôϿмľ֮һ䳰ȷһʱֱ쳱ࡣ
ҹɳۿһҶüšһˣԭڶϵҲ˻ȥ
֪Ҫ㡪ŭĳŴţȴͣƮһĨɫɡϲ˼
ŵ۾ſˮˮЦѪıҲȾϲЦѵֻųһļ
㡪ǲϲˣһůʻżô˳ÿһֶȾϲɫ⡣
ǵŮȴ̼ǺһĵĿ࣬һЩӦ
ҹɳ޿ķӦЦĸɫˣϲʤ̬治һ֮ƣȻǰ滹Ҫ֡ǡǺǣǣȻһ£
ô˵£ȵ˵𣿡
콿ǿɶĵɪͷ۶һûȥ
ȷһǹǴԴˣֻ۾ϲˣһź޺޵ıԼ
Ҫװˣϲϲ˵ֲˣҾܾ㣿ǺһЦޱȵ졣һת˲䣬ѽԼ§УһֻԼͷͣ
콿ﵽ˼תͷΪĲȡӵҽʦ
ӿûвŪһȥ񾫲ͻᰭҵۣݺݵĵٶЦҹɳޣһȣ˹ȥ
ЦЦЦЦ㵽Ҳʡˣ
Цɣҵĺ󹬷ǵˣ㻹Цʲôʱ
ɴһۣȥһʼϢ
ȴ͵ķһԼȻʱʹ
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ˣ븮Ҳû·òΣҹȥˣʧЩѪЩͷΣһ߿ǲС
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ģҹȥĽƷһĶֹֺݺһŽ˴
ͨһҹɳ޺޷ĵ˴ڵһ޹类èһı飬ɷ
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û¡𼱡ҡöˣԼŵĲᣬ콿æ§Ĳš
Уȥôһĺã媵ϾǼ
ҲܣҽͣҲȥ򣡡˫ҵſԭȽĲ
áãα޷ǰƲòͣӡ
֮鲻ǣֻΪһ˿ڶѡģҷģ״ĵľһ档
ӣƮһĨȻ΢Цһ磡



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ҹգŰ£մء
콿ȵ˯Ĵڣƻĸֱ硣
˯գһƬУĶͷϣָë㻮࣬Ϊ˳ЩҵĳһĨҸЦݡ
С˴ٳżֻͷ˯콿Ŷ
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˯ˣ˵һܵˣһûʲô顣
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֪졪ҳ嶯ˣ⣬ܵ͡
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ţ֪ôģ㲻õģ̧İصĵһͷһ˿Цݡ
ŷģתƱһ
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ǺǣǽһʹأƵܶѾˡǴˣٸһĳļ磬ֵơ
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ȣһ֮£һָ˳ȥĻΪһӰ
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ģ𣿡ſڱǣ˫ɨпܵĳڣȴѰţסŴ·ӡ
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䡱һһľһҹɳ޵ϡ
ҿԼȥġ˭Ҳܲˣ콿һͶſ˹ϵޱҪĻ
𶯡һȥģңУҹɳ޿ĲŸļ˶ʤľ콿Ȼֹ
ǿſҡ桪Ӷֱκμǿ׳ס壬ǲִ֣
ŨŨĺУǳĻѽҶˣоĳֹֹͣŭнһͰͰˮڷܣӣѾ˾Ȼ
ܱȵĻյġž죬콿ޱĿҹɳϣÿһε
ԼסڱǣҪȥˣߴҹɳ޳ȵɤ콿оԼһ壬϶ȥ
ԭҹɳ̣ķ©壬Ʈ֮ͣͣԶĺԺ
콿һأѸٵ˦ޱҹɳȥֻ󱳻ȾŻ棬ڲͣĻѱ޹ĺں졣
û˵ǰæ𣬸ŵѥڵϺݲ˼ţȥ𼣣¡
ʲôģѣСյ㣡޵ĵ򱳲ĵľٶǰһѳƬıڵϣϢ˻顣
һæ֮󣬶˰ҹɳǱģ콿̿Ц
Ǻǡ㿴㡪Ѭˡָڻҵҹɳޣ콿޸жͼ֮Ц쳣ġ
ԭΪԼƢȴû뵽ҹɳ޳һ
˵ҿЦУȫûҹɳ޿ʼϸļȫһ˿һŹںȴֻѪĵ
ЦȻֹǰ˫쳣ĺŨŨĵ֮ɫһ𣬲ȻıĿ⣬ȴַѱֱʱһ
֡ġô˵СĵĴԼץ鿴ţǹȥҩƿ
ֻ־ˣֱأƤı淺źƵˮݣ콿һһϣǸж
ˣҵҩڷһƬʧʹղ̫ܵҩƿڴ֮ϡ
û¡СˣżżҹɳοһЦ˭֪콿һۡ
˭żˣϧҵҩǿҺòġءĶͷһ͵Ҳ֪Ϊҹɳ޵˻ΪԼҩƿ֮ޣ
һףҹɳɫ˼֣ˮ̻һ˫׺ݵĿ⡣
ѾͷҾ֪лӣȻǼƿҩıҪǡҧгݼƾҪִ콿ȴͣڰգֻǸɵ۶
ǰ滨գ͸һԵĽĲƽȫΪУԹԵĸ֮顣
㻹ˣ콿Լָ߸𣬲Ĩ۾һ֡
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§ţ콿ЩƸУȴûп飬Ϊֱܸоڸжڡ
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ǰΪԼϵ۵Ůˣͣ߶ҹɳ޲һֵصͯĸо
ĸҲͬΪϵۣ˳ССĴ£ĩ˻̧۵һ£ǰ֮ˡ
ιɵ˵طȥţЩ͵ظһ飬ֱۡ
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ԣ콿̵üëſᣬͷԷߣȴûϵ٩Цݡ
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ǡʲôˣִ˻ڸڣǡǾҡ븮ĹܼҲǽͷݣı߷ĵǰŮռ븮Դ漴żʮԱǰǰĺò̺һġ
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أ콿һͦվ˶м䣬˫ֱһʣ·ûǧѿɫ
ȥ׷ˣҹŻ𣬾ͼŸˣûˣǧһЦӹǧ߳콿ϸĴš
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ͺãϷĵ˵ͷվֱһǣĸĳ
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жԵֱͦͦߵƼ˺ɱš
ðɣȻīȥ׷ˣãǽˣһȥɣ˵תԺȥû취ԽԽվɻ۵ģ
ȥǰѳɵȴڻӵˣӿһ͸С
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ʱһɫӰӷɿӹܹǵߣӲĴ˵С
Ƶ⣬Ŀڣ˯˼ΪŵŮˣʢװ۶δ¾˯һͿͳü
첽ǰȥ־Ҫѵ˯ۣɾմ۵֮ʣ͵ı˿סţһ˫Ķ

ĳͷ

ھʮ 
㣡ǲǵˣץҺ۵ġѾͷɳɤ͸޷ܵģ˿˿ƵĽ˸

콿͵ƺһЩ΢⿴޹ա
գһ˫Сð͸ŨŨ˼ԭƽģ
ĬȻɿҹɳջţһʹӡ
ԲˣҿڻûԼ۵ʱͱһקסҲͬʱקĻС
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