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һƪ

 1 

ɽ
ʮǰҾɽʦĿңɽҲԡһʦһŹʤǣͿɽˣ
ŵһţײ뿪ɽʹճ裬ҲеĹɽٰ졣
ʦֱѧʦű£ҩ٣أաҪϳǺεѣοҲ꣬СʦҲҴʮꡣ
ΪʦңյĳԳ˯˯ȲòĲΣҲûбѧŸѧǸӹƽĿšˮѧϰĥʱΨһ顣
ɽϴȱѧϰϺоĶ
ȻɽҲͽʣһôˡ
ѧϰҲʮһգɽʮߵĸ伮߽ѧʦд֤ĳ̶ȷҵǰֻǱ߿ǻᶼúա
ʼղ׵λɿԭԵСӹĲ˳ۣ͵ԻԵһӵĵطһͱĸСŮӤϡȻ֪ŴŮأԼϣһ̲ס˵һ
ѩﶳɪɪܼˣ۵ĹԼԼûˣȴɽµŵͽҼ˻ȥʦԼǾҿ㽫е˵߸ӡ
ҳΨһû¹ɽĵӡ
ǰǸߵôƽӣߣôҵ顣
һҪɽȥʶİ硣
ʮ꣬ʦʦ㣬ֻǸʱʦȴʱ޶࣬ҺͶʦþеİ취ûа취ӳʦգʦͻȻһЩҩҲܳ£³ҲЩ⡣
ҺͶʦĶԿһۣعⷵա
ʦҲףǽǽе˴ǰɨһۣԺҪһµţѾˣԺҪĹĸάŵķǺ͹ء𣿡
Ƕߵͷǡ


 2 

ʦһ£۾ֿȴϣСߣԺŵˣ
ҼҪԾ˵е㲻˳ôܣ߸СҲǳƽƤûκν෴ʦأʦʦţʦıʦʶ㣬ʦԵãôѡҲѡͷϣ
ʦôģ
ôܣѾֱʦ㣬һλ߾֮кβסʦɷ˵¾ˣǻݼţ
ʦǺʹľŴ͵ҰȥҵʱҲ̫𾪣ȫûпȫʦʦҡ
ʦҹ뿪ǡ
ǺǱһӣϾʦƽǶͬԼĺһǼвŻһˡ
ҵŵźͬƽû̫еʦڵʱ͸зֹʦд£ʦܵѧҵʦʦĲҵʦʦ㸺ڡңڴʦõһЩϸǸӡ⣬һվɡ
ĵǰʦ㻹ҹ˽»һСߣҵСʦã䣬ЦЦֻҪðһ˿ɽ뷨Ǿһֺֿ˵󣬲ɽȺﲻһףҪԴΪأʦżŲԼְиʦ
һȫʤ㣬ÿʦǶ¶֡ԹɫʱǽסǰʦǸʱôûô
Ӿֹ꣬ͨˣʦݴôʺϵŵһˣҪͷɽˡ˼ȥһɵķŭˡ
ڷŭǱͷŭץһʵź󣬾ҩ鵹°ʦеӣֽʦŷΧµĴСһһ۸ĺ͸ɽȥ
ڣˡ


 3 

Ȼǲʶ˼̻ɽϹʮ꣬Ҳ֪ûǮɽǴ粽еġļʦɽѰңҼǲŷĿգеĸһƬɽƵСͣ
мӺӵˣ൱һӵгҿһӲСɽһŵ̯ӣģǰȥʣô
һ
ûļˣּۻۡ
ûˣһۣ㲻͸Ͽߡ̯㲻ͷĻ֣ԼҲҲʲôǮˣˣҲûʲôɫҡ
һۣҲţ˼ңȻһۣʵôûĹ߱˵ģ
ԱǰӵŮӳЦĿһۣʮӶһζȻ۸Ҳһ
룬ҧϿֵǮһöīͽ̣˶ʮӣ˵ʮպȥȡ
ӣҵһũһｫҽ˰ٽȫʮӵԤ
ȻԼҪԿ뵽һͰȥũҲˬĴӦˣӦҽȥʱĴԺҪ
һҹʱ䣬ҽеӰմСֳڶ˯Ĳֻèһٽӣмϡ˶ﳰЦ۹⿴ңΪӵļ۸һôռ˺λõ̯ȻĿ죬˯ˣȻûλá
ҼװûǵĳЦСϵжȻʼߺȡ
ӱСİ룬еģľģͯۡΪ۸һֶɹߺȣһ˹
СӣôĲһ˶һô۸񡣡̧ͷһһʮŮӣü㣬ˬӢˣáһΧ˶óЩУǱЩ
ɤӣλʵĺãһֶһֻӵζȻһɿȥСɲһ룬СһݵӱûʲôǮͨ˼Ҳеȵе˼ԼԻȥѶǸŴ󻧵˼һ¥ִò֣Լľ¥ĽǴСȵĶȥСòֿϧԸֲϳԵ꣬ֻϵȵӶȥʡѡֲ˷𣿡
˱ƪһ˵ЦϵȵĴȴǱҵĸһء
Χ˶뱻ҵĽ˵ͷһ˵Ҳ塣
æҲװΪѵӣ㣬ҿҲǻһһҹĹѡ۵ᱳʹȦô˵ˣողǲ˵һݼǮһݻַֹ˼Ϊͻأһ˻ȥѡһҲҪ˹Ǯ𣿡
ƣ컹˵˵ҲǾͰļɣϵȵʮеȵһٽ
æóӸˣһֽǮһֽ
ŮЦС˻⣬ҪƵġ֪γƺ
Цд㼪ԣСŮ£Сػ߻¾ˡ֪աʦȡؽ꣬Ҽʦ㶼Լ֣ҲԼȡֻ£ƽ˭Ҳûֽйңֻʦںʱйؽȫʱ򶼽СߡΪĶм˵ŵ֣ԱֻԳֶѡ
ŮһĴ׳Ů˽պãݸһڱЦ뿪ˡ
Χ˼ŮͷˣҲ׷׽еʮϵȵģʮеȵġ
Ҫһٽеȵġ
ʮµȵģʮеȵġ

ұΪҪӣû뵽һ룬мΧҵ̯ʲôʱлҴֽʣµİٽ˹һʱ⡣
ڴӣ׬ʮֿ˻ǿī˻һҾ¥úó˶٣һҿջ˸䣬ʱ


 4 

˷գ쵽˽Ҿɵˣֵ̯ӶӷȣҲšµȵĶ٣еȵĶ٣ϵȵĶ١
ԣҷ޷޲ƽ롣
Χ̯ǿҲ¶ЦƺЦңĵģѵ
һŭ֮½˻ȥ
ȻԴСڼұչ죬ҵӳϽˣ̯Ӽһֲ۵ĵط
ӹͽٹ
ǰװɢװ±ԪһھװİװǧԪĸ߼ۡӵļũҶ˼ʽͬĻӶѾˣҲţһСǮҲǻϲġ
ٿ̯ϣмصС¨о۵ĴټƿСԪģһһҶ˲ͬʵغ첼вóЩȥ޽ӲʮϲˣʱһȺΧ
װôһʮһװʮһװСľʮģһٶʮġָǰĹܡ
һָһٶʮĵľŲе˵⣬Ҳӣ㾹Ȼһٶʮģ
Цĺܼթ㣬ϡΪ⡮þۣͨ٣֮䳣þã۲룬õͷÿҲϱȥǲǣ˵ˣˣȻسļֵתһȥ
ĵҲ׷׵
Ǹʮ
Ǳþһ
һʱڿջĳƱ
һϤЦ𣺡¹ȻһֻССҲܸû
һͷһǵһһĿͻæվϰ壬
֮ҿ֪Ϊһϰ壬¥¥µĲҵΪ˺ƣĲ̣ϵ˾¶ӡƽǲԳˡ
ͻһЩСӡǮڰˡܺͳϰȡǫ飬Ҳƾǰһʶȡʤȵϳ̳Щˡ
ԺҴˣҪ⡣˼ˣЦŵľҪͻ룬¿Ǵо̵츳µĿƺǱϣ֪ס
ȻܰԼʵ˵ֻԼǴϣΪڼһ£³𷣣ֻӼҳģٳδֻ̲С
ȻɽϳòҵҲ֪ĹǳһԶΣԽ
˵ģΪǲԸ֪ҵ﷢һȥҲΪѵĶʣֻ˵½ʮ˰ɣҲǽ֮꣬Ů־ķȥһҲ֪ʲô㡣
⡰Ů־ķһ㶣漴ЦɽϵʱеӶŮӣһΪһרŮӵɣµɽͷ¶ĶŮӣڼҳּҽӵĶӣҲΪŵǴ˷ףǰҲĸϵһɵҵ˽㿪ʼɣѵһŮбᡣ
ϧɽֻ֪ѧϰֵ伮漰ʷΣȻڴһ֪Ҳ˼ȥʡȥôֻ࣬ҪҪŴŮһŲŲˡ
СôСڼɳûгŵľʱҲûʲô㣬һһɡһӵӣҲûʲôõġҵȷûʲô㣬һȻҲ˵˵ǧɽˣȻΪһطԼ
ôԣ˲Żô˷ССĽϣմ㣬ʵһ̡㽫˵࣬ľ¥һ¡
Ϊ̹ϣҲʮϲ׽ֻĹأһʲô㳤һӣŮĸҵҲǳ£ȴһӾͰԼһϡ
ҽԥ˵ЦҪ˻ף˱Ҫϴᷳˣ˵һҸⲻ٣ҳȥҲһǸŴҲᷳˣǴٳȥѧʲôʱٻҲһӭ
ҵŵûвĵģʹӦˡ


 5 

ǸȻĿϽ󳤴¥ҴβԵģʮָмҲ˵ڣֻ¶һҪ¸
˺һ£һһ˾¥ְλãʦƹĹȻֽ¥Ĳʵг˸飬ҴҪһֽ¥˸飬ڳ˴˶Ҫҷ۵ʱֿʼչˣǰĸɹҵɢɢдһԼƻ飬㡣
¥Ъҵʮպ¿ţ¥˸鷨дˡǧһۡңڴáһŴľᦣһֻλνӲӵӣ顰֣ۡĿǳԶԶȥһųȻɫĻԾȻϰͬʽȴССӣͨٵĴ·Լͨ¥ķ·ÿʮһңȻЩ˼ŵÿ·ǽ¥ʮĴȯһţÿѿһš
ÿλ˽ſڻһλ·ԱǼλˣϲʲôɫȻƼʵĲɫͬʱϲóõӲֽĲ˵ǵˡ¼ú󣬽˵ת¡
ÿ¥³˴˵⣬ҪʱעĿòһ꣬ǰʣͬʱսͲͬȼĻԱߺѸٽӺ͵ذʰɾϴ빤ͬʱҪԼĸòÿһʱ䱨ſڵ·Ա˽ȥȴҲΡ
ֹ滮ԱĽͷƶȣÿ¥۶ͿͻͶ߼ǵĿ˷Χÿ۶ĲְһŽ
鶼䲼ȥֻÿලǷչ涨ִбˡºһж죬ϲҼලҲڷʲôˡ
º󣬴㣬ͬɣ⻹ԱĹʶɵ¡
ȻĵطɱϾҲһС򣬲û̫ǱڡҿﲻԶһനǴһ֧ϵĳ򣬿ܴ󣬱˵￪һҷ¥ͬʱѡɿĻһ﹤ڵӶͬװޣͬƣͬĹأº󣬽¥ന֪¥
ұǴһҵٶȣдչɴǵصˣû̵ӣ˿Ժѯҵ˼ͬʱдʮпʮҽ¥һ깦д˲֪¥Ϊ˾ۻͲ뵽¥
Ҽֵ࣬Դ˵¥ֲ࣬أӸãһ㱨ǳԼҵӪҵ⣬Ҫʵۣ飬ʲô˴£۾ϸ㱨ͬʱʲôҪҲźҪ飬ҽɲᣬΪ㽨Լҵ鱨
һѷ鱨ǴһƯСѾͷ֪дһֺ֣Ȼ˵Ұ֣ϵĹǶ죬㲻ٹ£СѾͷܴһʼŪҵĿʲôȷ־˿۸ʼϵļ۸ȴƽƽ㽨鴺ôϸһҽ¥ƹ˴˿񵽾ȥһӾ׬ϰӡ
֮в˿׬ǰҲ׷׸磬ӴϷ򾩳ǣǸʱ򾩳Ѿ֪һιĲ࣬˿۸ܿȥˣеʲôû׬˿˱


 6 

Ϊ˽֪ʮӣϲ֪춼Σҽ
ʼҽ鱨ôĵĴҲʼעÿһϣһʮϸϸصļ۸飬·һ˿̻ʱҲֽ¥ⲿЧӦҲ̸¥Ӫҵãҵ鱨ҲѵĶ¥ʼÿʮҵٶšһұټѣɰټٱټңǻ֮䡣
£û㣬ҿô찡㿴ңҡͷ̾
ô죬裡ҳЦ̰Ĳ㣬ǰҵѹθɾɡȴ˵Ŵõıɽã˷ҪǴģǸ鷿ңһԷʵ뿴ʲôµӡ
ǰŲӿջ˳㽫ҵ԰Ӹһ徻լסȻͨԺӣʹҹҲܴԺܵʮѾʹӸҡһôˣͷǴˣɨϴµѾͷ˶˻ؼңϲʲôʲô֪֪
¥ĳÿᰴ֪Ĳ˵˸ÿͣҹļˮСԣ޲ٳļﵽ⣬ıģ޵ĳģ֪Ҳĺúãů죬Ҳᶽ¼¡ڲ֪ΪʲôǰЩϰ嶼ϲЩСŮ飬ôչ΢ߣ֣ſڣҶԼ̫ˡ
˵Ҳǽ¥ңôûӣ˼ҵŮô󣬼ʹûȢҲСүڼԺȥ壬˶ûС֪㲻ߵǿôѽ¥ģָôҵļ˵ҿǣ߶š
Ȧеȣɽ󣬴ǶõһһʼεڵøͬˣҵȻǺܸж֪˵ΪҺãһЩĻ֦չˣ;һĶ񺮣ëȻ
ǸϿ⣬˵㣬¥ѾڳѾжٶ˰ɣʮػضн¥ɡûȤһ⣿
һ⣿ɻ
¥ÿĴε㱨ѳɶÿ¶ܱĽ¥鱨лĵ㣬Ȼٴ򡣼Ȼÿ¶Ҫڳţҵļƻϸϸ˵
ҵҲصľ޴ɫרע
һҪ۵ӣֻڽ¥ٿһ´ƽ´ʼżÿһż·̵ĳ̰ȡáżÿһҪϵصӣȻת´һһʹӳϵҲͿԵǰ²ܼĵһȻ󼸸ºյһѾǿ˼ˡ
ʷ٣ɻٳɶ࣬ҲǺܿ͹۵ġҴ˾񣬶ÿΪΪιԱҲӮòټӷ֡˹ٸҪʲôɣ
۷Ź⣬һֱͣ˵룬롭Ȼ겻ߵˡ
ʱ֪ý㣬æ˸񣬴ƺûпһ߿ˣ֪Цҵָ󶫼֧ʲôõӣЦҶˡԼ֪֪ǴԶݣ֪ȴһֱд󶫼ң㿴֪ܹذʱƺֺΣжȻЩ򵥵鷢ǲ˵Ҳʡ
ҹصҡҡָܡ
֪ҵĺģż֪һָһ㣬գգ۾ϧϺõܽذٻ⣬һһˣֻԼˡ
֪ӺãģãҲǲģһָ㣬ǰٳԲ塣
ǸܵȻҲҪ󰡣ǵ֪϶ǲõġұֻϷŪһСѾͷɲŪܿܳԣæת˵
֪ŰѸӷǰЦôԣ治֪ǲϱͶ̥ҵһˮԣҭţû˸˵ֲȥǵĲм


 7 

⣬ζˣȻŮˣʲôءѵõܵ̾һźëӵϣľѧèߺߣһ졣
ҽո봺˵һ֪˵һΣʼԽԽȤʱʱһԼ뷨ɵȴƺе㲻ˡ
ʣǲǾȱݡϵͳܴ󣬿϶ҪƵģʲô뷨ǿ޸ġ
֪ң󶫼ǲ˵ˣ
ȻȻЦСѾͷʲôʱʼЩȤˡ
¥Ǹʱǳ¥¥ֻһСеľ¥أ¥˲֪˲ǰһŵĻ˵ԽҲ֪и¥иһж󶫼ҴģأǼסСԺ޺ϵ֪飬ֶû˵
ҿ֪żӣҲǸºĺӣ֣֪֪˼Ǵ㲻ңͺ˵ˣн¥ռɹɷݣҲҽܸʶԼܾ˵ġ
ΪʲôҲǸóɼҵˣôܲΪԼһ¡֪ɫԺãȴҡ
ΪԼ㣬ľתͷܺõ⣬֪Ӧ֪Ӽҳ˰ɡ̫ʢֻ²ûᱻץȥءвҵ̫࣬Ҿͻǣңߵʱֻ¾߲ˣ
ߣ֪һץסҵ֣Ȼһ죬ſˣҪȥ
֪ǸɢûθеˡԭڼҾӦְˣֻΪڵһ꣬˲飬һʼΪ棬ûнӴҲΪ˴κиһ鶼ѾȻ򣬱֤й涨ִȥسûġҿʼҲеˣµҪһǻ뿪ˡ
Ұ˰֪ļЦ㰲ŵߣҲҸһӰ˰ɡҲܶ£ѧҲѧ˰˾ŷ֣ҲܷһЩ顣꣬һǸˡ
û뵽֪Цһˡδ⽫󶫼̫һ㡣
Ҽ֪һ˿̺Ͱˣҵʱƺ˵ʲôȴȥ֪Դ㶨Ȼʲôƫֻʴļ£Ҳÿڡ
ˡ֪¶ı飬΢΢㶣֪˵ʲôá
֪ĺɫЩڶռ˴ͬ˵Һ˵֪ѾͷƺЩɼȻǸˣҲĿսлᣬ̸̸˵ʲôת
һ£ɫЩŹ֣ȻЦ֪Ǻܵϲ
ҵͷ֪ǸúӣִǶ꣬İҵġЦ˵ûô죿ҵǾǽû֪治֪ô죬ڳԵĴĶڹţһߣֻҪȥˡ
ЦֻǵһЦҼƺտӣ֪ҲһʱͿԽģҲ⣬˵飬շ
ʱΪңӻ֪ҪʲôʱҲ¾ʼµ֮ãû뵽ȴǺܿˡ


 8 

ҹȻѩڴѩɳɳڵϣڿɣҶȻ󲻾ãԺ
ҴûиһṦ򣬱ϾƺûʲôṦ򡣶һ²һ£Ϊ˱мй¶Ҳʶ顣ԵڵѾ׵ԺʱԺҲûзҵĴڡ
ʹڼɽҲĳǰȰ˵һԣ֪
֪һɫƤ磬һǳɫҼ֪֪Ϊ¶·һɫƤ¥һ̴֪䣬һֱҪҲһͬģôϺƤҪɫģ㷢¥Ĵһ²ż㹻ĴɫƤ͵巻ǿǽģûҹѩˣҪ
һȣ룬ʲôҪôҹѩ͹һ
ôã֪ǸСѾͷˣ䣬䵽Ҳɵô˸սһû˵˭
ҲܣҰչ˭չ˭˭Ҳܲţ֪ǿ˵
СѾͷƢôʲôʲôú˵ҡҡͷ
Լ˵ˣʼôϲô᲻һһۡأ
㣬ôôڳԴװǸСѾͷʲôװҵǶ飬ԭ֪Һˣ㿴۰ڸ
ôˣķɣС̹źǻţָʲô顣֪һ
֪֪ҵǲѣҲǳҷּһһӣȢ꣬ҳҲǳһǺȥһҲңҲǰװܿత
ǺҲ㲻ѣСôͣò˭Ȣİɣ
֪㲻ҪôɡĸŮûɣǸʱûг꣬Ҽֻһң˳Ц
ЦԭǸʱһЦĶȲϡ֪мɣЩŮɡһһȢһһԣҴ˿԰ɡȻ޷һ£صҹҵĶľšǺܺ𣬱㣿
˾յʱѾĻԼҪ޸ҵģ֪㲻ҪͿˣ
ҵֻյʱչҶңûжʲôԼɡҼʹʲôԼȴ˻ԼͣȢ˲飬ʹ浽үҲռġ֪Цʡʡɣװ޿κεĳŮˣ˶ǷģͬΪѡһУǲԣƵġ첻˵ˣһһ˿꣬һ˿ģôὫҰڻߣ
ԡΪ˵лŮװźΪܻᷢҵݣңȴû뵽̴̫ȴû뵽ػǸСºͿŮˣҼιûвɰҵСѾͷԴ
ͷ˵һ£ʲôݺһ¡֪ȻӣҾȻһֱûз
ЦǣȻһϣòԻִŮ̬ıռ˱ȥһ˼£ߣȴš
ͿίƷŲΪ㵱սҰڻ߶ѹ֪ЦЦҺܸм㽫ҰߣϣѧǰԺ󶼲ѧʶҴûмʶһУǻ㲻ܱȣ㲻ܱȣĲ㲻ܣһеһ㶼ܱȣϲΪʲôϲĿĽŮˣһŮˣҲܹ޸ֻҪÿ쿴˵ϻЦҡ
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 9 

ַ׼㣬׼׼
֪ͻȻЦ㼵ʣȻἵʣôἵʣڵģλ£Խҷ߼ѧб¡ôİԼٻڱ˵УͲˣΪֻҪҰı¶ѧˣʹһߵҲûйϵϧʧˣĵӣܲϵĸµľϲЩôѧô㶼ϵġӶӲܷգܿգץסץסڻץסңȴҲץס
˵ˣ˵㽫֪ץסҡӦ˵Ҹû룬һжԼں˼롣
֪Цᶼˣǲں˵ԼסȥȰػ뿪Ĳ¡˵Ҳʲô¡
׼׼㡪ɫԽԽףҲʼԣ૵׼㣬׼κƻҵҪģ׼ѥӣһѲصĺܺõذףҹʱûù˿ȴذװ˳
һֻһʹذ׾ͲܿƵĵ
֪һһɱң
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ҽ֪£Ǻµıңֻðοĺ󱳣֪Ҳʮ꣬ǰһĸСкȴҪôѹͿѣҲȷʵΪ 
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ҡҡͷҪͣҴĻһֱ֪֪ȻӣᣬҺܱǸ
ǵôСùµʱСþ˵ϲڵһᷳˣҪ뿪ģҲ˵ֹҵģԲԡ
죬ȴ˵ֻƣ룬ȫƽĽɷ
ҲС뿪ʱˡ˵ţϵذף㿴ϵذףֵ̿ĺһ
ֻһϣܹƴ֪˺Ҳϲ顣뿪ֵ֪Ϣʲô⣬һѹġĻǺصġ
ָǾֵذһӶϳڵϡ


һתƪ

 10 

һδԼϤطˡ
ϴγ㽲һߵʱܻ
֪δ֪˵ɣϾĹûоҲûʸָ֪˵ҵ̽ǰǺܺģΪһҵߴеһȻһ˼ϣҵĹɷҲãҲãҲ̫ǣҶԣְղסҵĸо
֪ѧҵı£Ҳ֮УȻҲסһ˲ҲȻֻʧǣѡǸ˲ıôأûԤϵġھ޴ʧ͸о⵽ѵĸоٴʧҲе顣
ҲСĽ΢΢ЩʧΨһҵǣҹڳûпסԼʧصǣ֪ʹܵ˺ȥǻһ硣
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յһ顣
ߣϴβһǣҶһƥ·⣬ļʮӣеӣΪ˼ס޷Ҫīͽ̡ȻǲֵǮĶʦҵΨһĶϧ
޷û洦ߡߵʱ˳ߵһƥɫƤëмɫİߵ㣬ұ׻˶ĵķ⣬Ǿͽ
ûͷԵĿһҹ󣬿ʼĿ·ߵҰݡ㵽СջԵ㶫ȻϸˮûĿвݴҵ
Ҳ֪ҷԼһ޴ĳņ̀һдšǡ֡
ĪǻˣôͰ͵ˡǰûȥˣⱲôͨ¾ȻҽһΡ
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ȻǣΪһƥʷʵĴһҲﶪͷ̫Ź˶ѡ
ɣϱôûͱʵֵĹŵɫݣȴ׾ٵˣҰοһ£Ȼ˵һ߻Ҹϴµĵط
ȻϻۣһƵĿ񱼺󣬽ˤһҿջſڡ
ջСһҵüͷҪҺܴүܴķŻһִֵåĺС׼һϷϴˮʲôûŮ𣡡
СȻҵľ֮ŵˣæ˽ȥϴˮҡ
һͰˮŰԼͷϴ˸ɾȻϸɾ·̾һ˹ӣӰ
ǹȻǾǣ˻ǾطȫͬķҶҲôһĹڴʣӣԼҷݹڲǡ
оӪ¥ľ飬ҲԼҲһݻɣֻҲٴˡԼС̯Ӻˡ
ο˾һҵֺѡǰСʱһСƣתǡ
뾩ǵľһСһֻⵣһСӣһֻ¯ӡһһֻӣֻСһƤͨĻǡ
һ׵ĴʯһСӣӷһתľˣľһͷһϸߡ滭ԲȦԲȦΪܶСӣÿӶвͬͼԲ㣬תľˣľͣʱϸָǸͼĶ


 11 

ȦһתСȦһתҵ̯ӹŹ֣㣬ܺø棬ԵҰ̯һţ˼̯ͷ棬̾мǰʡ
Ҳ̯ɺףӣһɰͣǽ̺͸ͬ͸ʸкɫ󣬺Сǵϲ
˵Ǯ򲻵ֻתʱСǸȤˣǵС˭ûиĵ㻨ϱһóǮңȻ󲦶תˡ
ôֻ󡪡
ҺٺһЦ̽ڵһЩܿڴʯϻֻ󣬹̵ǽܿڱĴʯ̳Ρ
УһҪתһΣһҪǺһš󡱣һ߷޷޲˵
Сֵˣѵһ˰ŲɡһЩĺӸǮҪġ
õ࣬С㡣ĴӦţźת÷¹
¹ıҪһЩҫеĴ¹ǵΧСһ۲
ܿҵ̯ӾͱһȺû
ֻÿ̫ɽǰǸʱ̯ӣǸʱǺѧһ칤ϺǴӳʱ䣬СȻǸĶ࣬Ҳõġ
תǵӵһ쿪ʼͺܺãϾ־һңҲСۺͬ⣬ҪǵĻ򲻺ǽ̫޷ʹû̫ϡܳΣǽĶι״޷ҵıȡһȥҲûģҵˡ
һ֣߱¡
뽫ոӽһżշɵ־ͽɰɡ붼ܶ㡣
ǰһСѾͷȻת˴תĽ֮һĴҲ֪һڴתĶĸررƯͼǳռ󽱡ǴͨƽͼôƬǽΪճͼɵ廨ͻҰСʱʱ䣬Ϊǣҹ⶯ʹĸɴ˧Χ۵гˣʱʱкõʱúĽǴһ͵ոˣһµĹƷ
СѾͷѾЦ۾쿴ˣΧӵĽĿˮҪˣΧ۵Ѿ˰֣·߶ˡ
ҵЦˣҪľЧ
˺ÿζڴĳ˴󽱳֣²ԼҲǺõġ֪ˮôƯһǶǺ˧˵ϣĳ˵˭˲֪˭˲ʵûˡ
һһͭ壬׬˶ӣǺܿĵĴӿջ˳ڱȽƫƧĵضһһǮһСԺӣһڳӡ
ڰӻûʲôʱ˻ȥҰ㣬˳ԼӲͣϾҲֻܳԳ˶֮ࡣ


 12 

ܺãΪ֮ǰ꣬Ҷûг̯ӡ׬˲ͭӣ˽ƽ˰ʱͳˡ
һҳˣæ˹֣ͻȻһԵÿת
̧һǸʮĴŮһ£󻹸һйıƵ
ĺƺҲܾɻ᲻뿪ֻԶԶĿš
ñӸһӣæС㣬ôĶӣС˿Ҳ
˭Ҫҿҽ⶧תת˳ɣŮԵ˵ǿʼתѣӶתˣıѾˡ󡱣ϻաȴʼûתˡ
Ůɫֺ죬ܲҲģӼ˰죬ûԸǾԼǲת˵ģ¸ʮӣмĶ˵βתˣֱӸˣʮ͹ˣ
ҵЦЦҵô䲻ˣ⣬ǮҶҪµġ˵ǣ˵һϷһӮĽƷϷ򣬶Ժǹƽ˭ֻҪǮƽϷһεĻᣬǵΡҽӣǾͻΪԭҲȫƣֻҪǮˣһֻҪǮͿӮϷлʲôϲ
С󷽣ʮӶСʮˣС˵Ȿһ汾תԼϲǻ⡣ǶǮͿԼҪĶô־ͶǴˣС㻹Ҫ𣿡ЦŽ͵
СѾת˲ٺǻˣֻȱôһ㣬û׼תϸˣҲʮҲ˵׼ҺίȰ˵ţƢõĴС㲻ҿԵġֻǸǵСﰡ
ǴŮɫջӣõģǱС
ŮһߣߵлҲˣһͷ´һ£Цһ£ȻҲŴŮ뿪ˡ
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װĵĴո˭ҵС㰡
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б£ֻԼͨ˵ˡ˵ϻٶȴûмȴ룬ңĪǴ㱾ҵǸң
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Ҹ֦ïӵܺܶ࣬еȨҪڱҵļУڶּΪҷˣдֻĺûԼһС⵱ƹǻĲõΪ﹤Ϳ˶пܵġ
Ϊ˵ıԣ˶̱Դ֣Լֵܶ඼ĺܣȥС£Ҳǳûв´봺˵ĳҶȻһ̡
̫ҲҪɽˣʣµĺӻؼң׼̯ӣһȴһͣһִֻӴ˳
ҿһ˫īĺ·Ǻҹңһǳݣ⣻üԶɽ·근Ƶ£ֻ࣬һͷīɸǧһ˲
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ӱ߸żƺӸһСӣҴתˡ
ڡˡͣ
ΧĺӶ˰Ǵ˰
΢΢һЦ
Ӧ˵ֵģοǸѹڷһءֻеܣһѹȴ֪ʹҪٶ١
һվֻĴǻʱҲŻ֣صվ
ϸµǣɫɫǽڽ׵Ĵʯ죬ɫķᣬ÷֭֭ɣ֭һһȾÿһë綼ĺֻһëĶ˶ϸ緢˿ͬǰĲ˿һϲϣβȻذ֮ƣÿһβԼ̬ͬͬķ棬ӲͬĽǶȿԿͬɫ壬Сɣͷϵ
Ƿ˵Ҿ˰ʱѾȫˣϵ£Ȼǽһۣһæ񣬵͵ͷ֦ͩҶųһأȻ󽫷˶ȥһӣȥ᧿ΣʵҶѡõĽ㣬Խȵķɢϣÿѹʹ֮ȹ̣ͬʱ˴ڿգԸչֳɵĽýˡ
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ǻƺҲû뵽һȻ˴ʱԼתƯĶЩ񣬵ȷ˳κŻȻԼ˾ȻҲڽϴ˵ڣֵҲûбֳͷ
ʮӣˡ
ǡӡ
ǵͷллʹͣллλ㡣
ҺȻоƣޱȣƽɵĵҲࡣ


 13 

ڶգ¹¶ޱȵĴ˵ӽͷβ˵СӣвٳĽҲѧǳСһ߼ֱ򣬶Ծܾ
С㣬龹ȻҲܿõϢǰң㲻˵ֻƾԼתĻΪʲôǽĹһ͵һˣ
е˼ҵȷתһˣֵĺӶˣȥʡ
ҲŲˣ϶ùˡ޷޵
װԾӣ˼һЦҲǱ˵ı££Ҳԣ
ŭҪ£һͻȻڲԣһۣóʮӣǽġ
ռҵ̯תһһΣȻջһǻؼңɳĬֳƣβڷͣˣûм¶ŵɫĲɡ
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ǰգǵƹСԺӰݷңһ˻ǰ¥һС£죬ˡһźҴ˿еӡŽҡ
Ǵ󶫼һֽϵġ
Ǹͻ⣬ҳŵչ˺֪ŸϵĻһ̾µĺӡš
λƹƴ󶫼ȫ̺ѾӵܺŴ󶫼ҳϢ˰ӡŵҪһӡŵ˴㽫ȫһʮҽ¥ȫյԴҪ̺κ飬õκҪ鱨Ľ
ڴϼƵӡţͬĽṹͬĽͼͬһӡ¥һ¼εĸɽõģǸֺƹõǻͭƹ»йҲУӲľˡ
ⷽӡ½һö
ҳ˼գ̾һջӡţ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫҵڶ
ֻ죬ҲŷЩ鲻ԣΪ˱ҵݲ¶Ѿ˼ҵ²ûɧţڴһҵСˡ
ϤǣڲžΣҵļˮݵĳУ˶ͬȫʮܳһֵǫ񣬲Ż磬һòŮĳ֣һңҪתˣյǮҡ̼֮ңβϷİϷͬĲнĻС㡣
˿浱֮ⲻھơ


 14 

ҵʱұûӣֻЦСϲתǣµСˣٵСָ̺𣿡
΢΢һ£Ȼ¶Ȼɫͷûзϻ뿪ˡ
̫ɽվԼСԺ˽
ЦСпڸˣõһβ㡣һһΣ
˵һ£㣬عˡ
ֻܿһֻƬ»˿ͷ˶ͨϣ˲ͬζֵҲһ
һʼһŮ˾Ȼ³ȳ֮󣬲ɵüͷչתƵԼһ˫ˡ
˵ʵڽ¥ҶûгԹôõζعﲻȥʦǿϧˡϹȻ̸ʱҼ仰ͳĿǰδ仹һʮĴһٷͿԽ򿪣˵˼ǱȽϴַš˾˿սһٷͱ׳ߣǽضһͿء
С۹һ׼⼸ҹ۲عﾭӪת̯ӣֶҲޱȣԼ۾ҲŴ̲ῴˣعҡе
ҲµĴ岻ǳҼŮҲӵδҼĺѡʸ񣬿ϣȻѧĺ棬ͨ˺ϲ٣ȴѼõˮ׼ԼֻôȴֲΪ£һѸĴֽ̣ϣԼһ֮
ӳĿУжϴ㲢û͸¶ڽ¥ıãҲϿֽ¥Ͼ̫죬ȽҲֲлʼϰʱ۵ĳʵۺ¡
ڵĴóڼҸоЩԾѹ̸вڼһǳֹº̬ȡչȥһɽݶҲ̸гᣬʹΪڼҵ룬ҲŹ㡣ڣֻѡһǱ·ߣȡڼҶ֮ȫǹעһݵİ취պܴʧҲܴһַڼҵԼĿɽǿܡ
ǳƾ׵ܣƾǳҼ޵ĵ̣ҾӪҶ⣬ڳҲľ߹ģƾеҵ˳Ů飬ڳһЩλҪҸˣԵϵֱ˴εĳȻѡ
ľݲ̸ϣƱػںܶСõĳӲܴĬΣõ˼֮λҲ˫Ӯľ档
ҺܿĳĽۣΪǲ²⣬¹شһ򴺽ȷϹ˵⣬СǷǴʵĴˣһҪһ¡
С㣬С˻ھеСֶΣɱϾֻһССӦкܶྭḻʦɣСݵ΢ν̵˳ҵС㣿˿ˣǻЦС㲻ݣԸʶ䣿ҹװΪѵӣ
͵վоؽ֮ƣ˭ҳЦҶϲع̻˳ƺüң׼飬ԲηԶʻۣҰɡ
ʱΪԼδǣĽ̸̹ȻڵļᶨޱȣǰԼŮӣƺһԴǫı˲Ծķ½ģº͵ĿҪĸо𴺽δԵļκƳ֮飬⼸漣һھһʢŮӣоŮӾԼһԶת۵㣬ǰδеľ
ԽԽƶ˽ؾص˾ߵʦ̧֮ͷҡ
΢΢һЦ⺢Ȼûʲô̵֣ȴǸΪ֮ˣȻ̫̹ϣһҲѵá
ȴû̴Ӧ֣һǱ洫ڣʵʸǴҵʦͽ֡봺ʵʵǵһ֡Ȼûνһ̶ĹҲûٴٸԼҸҡοأʮѵʦ
˿ΪңĪǼֻһ£ǿɳ⡣ҿõ˵ȾҪ󷽷ǣԼҵĲ࣬ʦҪʦźͼӡ
æҶǿֻǰʦС
ңҿɣҳĺ˵۸ǣѵҲм٣Щ
ǺЩֻѧҵϱãҲˣֻĴ۸ķݣԹװġʵҲƽ׺ЩΪԵЩɥ֮¡
ҵȻ֪ЩȻͲԺӻᣬֻǲڴʱ˿̵ӡ̣ԺԹܽԼɫǰΣҹܲšǽţҵĹأһһжʧзһȽʹ죡
ȻоǰŮӵĸоˣոͬ㣬ͻȻ˺ˡв죬һ߿Ǹˣţ˫۾ֻеĹⲻͶȻˣɱӡ
ͻȻоѹ΢΢ҧʦ塣


 15 

ϾǼŮȻ缸㣬˵ôܿ鷿ʰһɾСԺӣҰȥ
ȻֻڿΣƻҵת⣬ֻסڵԺӾͺáعؾĵӣΪ룬˼˼ȥ
ȥʵҲΪһĿģ̽쳣˵ĵϸΣһΪﻮһҲΪôҵ̽ӡ
鷿Щȣ鷿ҲԾһȴǹϼһ֪Ʒı
תͷʵϲϰ䣿
ͷƽûбİãϲ˽Сֻﲻϲ˵һѧʲôãֻڶ壬ϰ
ҼίӣɵþúЦֿο磬ŮЩҲʲô˼ġ
龪ϲ̧ͷңǲϰˣ
ԴԺÿʱҸĹκ󣬾Ϳɻˡÿѧ죬һļ٣Գȥˣֻסһǣ
û뵽ҵĿҵҪɣһǰҲйٷϯ˭Ҳû˵綼ϿεġǰȻӣĸ׵ѹȣҲֻѧ£Ҳҵת̯ӷų
ϸǰĿҵҵѧܶ˶ѧһЩʶ֪ʶ⣬̵ǱزٵġԳһ̵ݣʼҵǺƶҲҪѧӪļҪΣף޲˿еĲÿҪףƷֵӣȣʲôʱʲôλҲҪס빩Ӧ̸ѹ۵̸мɣνύصȨ񣬶һĹغ͵һݵһݶУʧС´
ҿ˳ǰĿҵ鷨ĵȥĻǲҲ̶á뵽ǴֵӣܵƼĥ˵ƺжϣ˵ҵгĶթҺȻЩͷۣ۹鷿еļ֧ϡ
࣬ǾùһЦ˿Ѿ⡣


 16 

ڶգ׼ʱҵ鷿˿ֽдĸ֡
ʮƣʲôʡ
ҷ±ʣʣ飬ϲϰ䣬˽
Ц޷ú̸ʲô
ϸ۲ûкһĿĽһ˿Ƿ¡
һϰ䣬ǿҲԻվһ֮ƥ֮£֮ã֮Уһ֮ǻۣǧ㡣
̵ʲôϵԥ˵Ͼǳӵܣӳʼ̵ֻܴ
¶Ҫѭ򽥽еļƻҪһʵ֣²˵ơֻǽ͵˵̳ս򷨣ɵ裬һĵ쿪ʼұʮƣٽΰʮ̳ϡ
һͣ鲻ɻ󣬿ʼ²Թµ齫ʮصľ°һһ
ÿֻƣʱ㽫ʷЩıһЩ¼ǾµģΣģ˵ԣÿÿһ꣬㿪ʼʶһʼ⻹ǳЦ룬ʵһЩֱйؼĵط߰պұֻٳʷϽ취óԼѰҴ𰸣һļƵ֪ģȴԼȤ
κҸĿҵֻ࣬ѼһЩҵдɿҵ󣬱¼δĿ⣬ԼֽͿͿдһȻдһٷżȥԼ鷿һصīֽмûзҽֻűʶſߵͯ˵żŪʱ˯˯˰ҹͻȻñʼ¸ʲô
΢΢һЦħɷ𣬲ֹֻͯҹͶӼ·ҪŪźá
ʮƺܿ˵ˣȻɻΪʲôȴǰϿͷͨ컹ˣ̡Ҳϸ𰸻ӣʣö֮γϰߣû֭ʾ׿ڡ
ҺοĿһӻ޴룬𽥵֤֤γԼ˼ʽҵĶ£ֲʧϸڣֲʧ
ӹĺܹһת۹ȥˣҵĽѧִ˲ƣҲܸ˵ĿھִҽڵݣʼԼѰԼҪϿʼѧϰԷԶĿ꣬һٸıڶáҿĳ̵û̫ȤܽԵı̳ʵڷģϾڲûָǧʸֻýʽ񫡣


 17 

ҽҵʱֻҵĹܼңҲŮڳȻЩȴѧһӵģֻ˾ˬԲദҵҪļãҶû
סԺӦҵҪֻһŮʰɨĹ·ҲÿĴʹСϴÿԼרõĳͷҲǴûȱٹżҷһģ³ԣϲòˡ
ƽĹ£͵¡³һһȵ̤ڵĿʼһֱ15졣Ǵӣ˵Ĵӣůӣ˽ΣĿľĿˣεȵĿ⡣
ҵﶼЩţҲʲôܿ飬Ȼһöġ
Լмȥ˼һӦһȥȴӦҲٳȥΪ⼸ֱҵޣٳţǰЩ˵ѱԶˡھһ˼άĴ۽ͼʶ仯ĴǰǲΪкȻķζȤȻǰм˽ҲڿҵƵһ̤̰࣬Ŀϡ
Һǿա
̤֮飬ͬѣǼ˽ã˶Ϊȴû˵ͬԼʦһȥ̤ģֲСѧȥΣҪʦųš
ҵʱ˽ʦʦֻѧһӣš
ұԼã˵һԶݣ棬š˵ڽҲסһʱ䣬ԶݣҲΪ
黹رΪҶ·˵£˵οԸҸСʦҶʱˣûùĽߺݺݴƨɣһŤӵˡ
µľɫǾһʱ̣֯ڻϣ۾ǰ续Щпʲôʱʲôģ˷羰ʫʸ踳ʮ飬ǰĳŹĸɭҲֻǽֲܽˡ
Σӻͷİ˭૵ţӦû˭Ů˰ɡ
ʦ㣬ǰǾǵʮ֮һ˵һ϶㣬ɽ˺ʱķ𣬾ǰ׵ء˷ܵ˵
ЦŷкѣֻҪԼʱһͣɡ
鿴˿Χҡˡ֮ԺŭĿæΪôԡֻԼʾԵע
Χ˶ͷ
ЦѵԼʱ򣬷岻¾ҪֲַɡԵע븸ĸ֮ý֮ʲôֻӸĸүѡϲһ˲ϲģȻˣҪӦʲô
˵ĹңֻøΧŭӵЦ
ҼƵӣɵˣҹȻûʲôϸοļ򣺡ˣֻǿЦѣ㵱ʲô棬ҲȥķģοҲûʲô°
ԭǳԲѾ˵ᡣΧ˿¶ı顣


 18 

оŲ㣬˲ʲô·Լ׳ɣĶ£ο͡
վһ羰оƺҲµҪᱡһЩ
ģվһȥˣԼðʱڲԶĲ̯档
һˣΪվһҲȥû뵽ȴվδ롣Щ棬һƲƼ˵ĲӰ
һƣȴסˡ
΢΢ЦǰߵӺ־ϾѿŮܾ˵òи޶ȣһֻֻ۾ôĽϣҲߵ
ȴ֪ǲŵĿǡ
ȻһϮŮװԼΪ˳εıȴһۿ̯ǰҴ˵ӡ
һƳ
·ҵ̽ӣҲعͷң޳üëһƺҲΪﾹȻڸе⡣
΢΢ǷͷЦһЦ
ķ羰ܲ˵һ䡣
ȻǲˣʤһߣҽڰɽӴأ︴ʱǲ̣̺֮ͬˣİУߣƽӺϣһζ
ͷǻҵΪ䳼֮׵Ĵ󽫾֮ӣϻӦһƽʺʱȫˣıˣп϶з޷޲ƽ̾һ¹ŴĵȼɭϣȨɥʧɴ˿ﾹȻҵģҲָ
ͷִۣԥ˵ƺ㣿
ЦһЦǰǴ֣Ƿˡ
۾һԭ㡣ƵĿ˿ҵװǸʱһɫĴֲ£ͷΪŲͷɢҵķ٣Сһװ磬ȴһɫ˿гֻڼ紦ͬɫе𣬵͵ḯװ磬ȴҲǽͷֻδڻЩ
ҲЩͷʹҵҡ·ھǺĺЩҲȷʵʺͬһȥ
ڲı˸õĲ¡Ĳ²⵹Ǻ׼һ֣С鸣СߺգҽӵţͶ˳ҵС㡣
Ҳ̫ѣ˵ĺ첻塣νͶж֣һ֣Ҳһ֣Ϳôˡ
ھЩдǲֻϧգҴ˻ȥֶϲأѰϧ鵢ˡȥģȴҲˡƺЩϧ
Ц˵СգƾСǴңֻ߰ˣ߲˵ġҵɻô
˵һֻǷ˷ǶٻܰҰѿĶǡ
ҡҡͷС֪ҵ³˶ٷˣͳôһֻһʮ֧ǣٶǧ֧ųһֻˣС㿪ڱǼֻһҲ׬
еֱۣϸ𼫵ЦݣƵģûôƵģҪ˼ֻǷˣҪһꣿüЦЦ鿴һңҲ⣬೤ʱһֻҲûϵСвǲ˵һɡ
ҵίЭɫЩһ٣ֻ֪ϵĺӶȴ֪ʲôɷҡ
̲סСһŮβ֪ҪҪԼڣ
۾һαҵĿⶸȻû֪֮ŴƺܲðʱҲ֪ôĻͷԼĵ͵·ߣûסӣ̹ȻֱңϵѾΣƺĳҵķ󵨣һûӵģͬǰжĴ͸ͦΣ÷ѩ˵ĽȻۡ
ѩ¡ϡ˵˰ɡ˵˿ڡ
ĵѧҡ˶֪󽫾ҹᣬȴ֪ѩ¡Ǽжζ֣ǷŮϣ˵ȥҪЦѩӦ˰ɡ
һشСһͬػ¡ϡ


 19 

Һѩ´ӹû߶ԶԶԶӭ
ѩ£ȥˣǵ㡣ŲͬѩƽʱĹŮ¥ʱеڣǰƺôһ㡣ƢһŮð˵
ݽǰ˸ʫᣬͣһӾˡŮһӺݣüĿȻֻվоȴ̩ɽԺȴҲóͨѥӣȴֻġ
Աߵˮɫ·ŮСһЩҲһЩüë䣬ʹǰȴҲ˸оƺЦǵŮͣʹĻ㣬ȥˡ߰ɣȥ˾ˣ
Ůע⵽վѩһֱûߵҡ
λǣ
ѩЩָոô֪˵һôͻȻþִϹϾվţһԲ뵽ոģлȻ²һ˿Ҫ׽Ūĸо
ұѩӵĳĬŪе̲ס̧ͷȴתȥ˵ҸոģǳСѡȻûʲô̸ȴǲףȻݽڰʫᣬҲһȥɡ
ˮŮһֱۣۣ˵ѩ˵ʲôʲô
ҿЦһ£Ӧˡ
壬˵̫ˣ˶ֻվſڡʫżǰʫ°ףܽȥ
һЩֺֻĳСǣֻܱſڡŵһ뺷׳װһǲǵı㲻
̧ͷǰʫȴǣԶɽƷ룬ӳˮ˼޳˫΢΢̫̾ѣûм֮ȴҲʶ͵ġ
Ȼ˵ѣŮӻʣ΢һд£պ续һأϼɰī
ˮŮһ֣дĺãдľͺúá
ŮЦŲͷʣ
ˮŮڨЦ
Ůͷƽú顣
ֵˮŮӣü˺һᣬòãְֽѾ˺üīæֽ˻˸ɾֽд£Ӧ껨˲֪ȥ
²İѸӽȥŮӿһۣҡҡͷˣﵽʲô
ѩ£ѾǵˣѾãܿд£죬ǧֻ󾰡
ѩһۣǽӣҷȾϲ۳ңȻǧͬˮţֻһǰıţΪһһ֮
΢΢һЦжˡ
ˮŮӵĴȴһԧɵ磬ӦǸϽȴҲԺȵɢҼҵŮ
ŮӣȴεεȻ֮ȻǱдȴ͸źͰǸɰľһ£һ̫֮Ů˶īŮӽЬѾĻŮȴػֻ½Ǹµ
Щĸоȴѩ»һعˡ
Ѿǰˣִ𰸣ԥһ£ѡһڵģʶоϦҹ顣


һƪʫƪ

 20 

˻᳡ۿȥԼĪ˶ʮˣһһԱ߻һźīСͯʮֵܵ顣᳡ΧɫĳΧɰٲʮһܿĵԶɽָͣ˳ҲǱĲáϳǾǽ巻ɫԡɫᣬ飬΢й⣬֮̽ˮ˼䷲ƷÿƥٽһֻƥмС
᳡ϷһˣŮӴԼᵽݽ㣬磬㣬࣬ڳǺܺõӡŮͷȥӭôҲ棬֪ҲУһˡ
ѩ£¶ȻЦݣ˵أԭѩҲˡ˵ʲôʱôӣöС㡣
ҲɫһŮӣɫЩĿѩ£ѩȴѾתͷȥһӵ֡
ˮŮһ¡ݽ㡱·ʹ˸
ݽ㡱һ˺ˣҲ˵ˣԼλ°ɣһ˴кġ
ҿ˿᳡λãһ㣬ȴһͯĻǡݽ㡱ȥӦǴ㽫λð
΢΢ЩʧҿûԼҲǷ˼λϡһѩ£۾ӵֽϣ֪дʲô۾ûգһ¡
̾һڸҸλһСͯϲˮͱīֽ⡣
л˱ʣĵĴ˸ǷʱѾ磬ʱҶǳԱҸĵط˯ȥˡȴҪվӣҰԳЦԼɫǻ裬ֿ˿ԱһλλרעΣǣʵǣжǵĶʫľҵ̬ȴ
Ϊ˱⽻׾Σգڰֽϻ˼֣ʡĿﱥĺӣϣϲȡһϸϸƷζװûһСͯӵĿ⡣
ֹһᣬݽ㡱վǼлҪ˵ʱ
˽ʫԼһſ˶ŵĿı飬ֻһʱЦһһʱҡͷһʱİ
Լһ룬̧ͷ˶ЦǸһʱ񣬵ĸλ˵ϵĸӣҴǲ֮磬˶໪ʫƪñĿϾӡ
һվµ̾ҵҡʫ˴һܵһָ㣬ҵȱض
渽ƵƵתһȦ˶У΢΢üͷȴҲû˵ʲôұҪ۾תȥ̨ϣȴһԼȫΨһһµġ˿Լһƣ۾˰죬ЦĺȥһЦĺȥԱߵСͯüͷȴҲ÷
̲סЦ۾ƳԼϵĹ̿տյʢˣʱתͷѧһеĿ
˿еʫһ߽кãжȻŵڳģʫΪĲס
ŮҲתжŮӣʦɺãþòʦʺá
жһɫŮȴ㹧شʦ念Щ¹ġ֪»ţʦһǳ˵ġ
ֻǡ˵жһתҵעȥˣǼʦ̷֪ͭҲݼݼѧӱȼһ˵ġ
˶ȵҲüͷ˻ܽ᳡ˣʫ塣ǲܻġ
ж˹ֵ죬ֻ˹ڽƻҲǰ첻Ͼʫģǻġ˵⻰ֱ߹ǰھǴֿǴء


 21 

ӣ֮껹ûбôͬʱעĿء
˵Ŀⶼϣ˽Ǹõļһ
˵ʲôˣкξģɫҴһӣ�ʷ˵Ĳ졣
ǰλС㣬΢ЩţǳĸѧʿŮʫĹھʦ̫һǰ򺡹ǹȥˡ
Ȼⱻ˴ȴҲϲ˺ȥ
Сʵ֣֪ʲôˣΪʲô˵ǻģЦ
ĪҪʽƱ磡ʲôݣȻõķ綼ˡжң۾Ϭĺһߡ
ʱͻȻ˾ⲻǰھǴתǵ𣿡
һ˵ҵ
ԭһƯ·ϲˣѾͷĪǷˣ
ҲǰĸҹˡЦ
ҺܲЩԥҪҪ˳ҧڣһһͬʱ
ˣĿˡ
Ǻ˵ʲôҵʦƾʲôܽ
ǰѩ£˪ɫȻˣĿˣҲ𣿡
жѩһۣɵ˭
ŮߣֶŮͱһͬġ
ж⻰Ҳû¶صɫֻЦС㣬ԲӣʫᣬӵľۻᡣǷ䣬̼С˶ܽʫỹʲôʫ᣿ڽ¥һ˭Ǯ࣬˭ˡ˵ѩһۣмС佫ҳҲǴĲס
䣬
ѩĿһһ˫ѾŭŮȴס䣬ҡͷ
߲֪ǳˣܵߣôˣѹҵҲ
жŮĿ»ʶȤס죬Ŀ׼˸ոսĳ顣
ⲻǳҵСղϲ¥ģôҲմմĪΪ۾ˣðӾǷ𣿡жЦǶƣԭױЩŤˡ
ЩҶˣС㵹ţΪˡƽȴɵ˵С㣬߹ޱȣССȻͬͬһʫдѧʿŮдҲдĸЩЩͬһʺддҲȴѧʿŮдĸЩ
ǳǳЦղĿ࿴հɣ
һʵڿѧʿṴ̊ѳӪ»֡Ȼ˳ȴжԺյļץסĻֵ̼ìܣתΪ˴ѧʿ֮Ůλ˵ìܡⱾǹ֮ɴҶ˼˵ϣȻע⵽͵ʱЩȣ±ֻǿϷӣҲòĿ⿴ж
жԼһ̼֮ŮȻһϷ綼ռãŭʲôݣ
գ۾ˣΪλôʦ̳ģеӣ˻һ鲻·ġ
Ȼ¶ɫʲôݣҵȻֻ֪һ̼֮Ůǰʦʫ顣˵ֻһ˵Ůʶֱ㹻ˡǽƼ˾ʫЦˡʦ˵ֻ˲/ݣǲᡣ
˻һ˶پඥһŻعҵĿʱͱˣ˾⣬жȴǳıĺͲм
黹ϰݣĿɿڴж˵˶ͭķ磬СȴΩѪͳķ硣Ǵѧʿ֮Ůʶһȡ
ж˵ڹ磡ʲôʱ˵ķˣ
ڷҲˡ
ŹողǻλֶŮ˵佫ҳﶼǴĲأ˵ѧʿŮ۹⻹ǸߣΪս벻ۣ
תȥٿ


 22 

һ£ھе룬Ȼԭ޹ҵʫġ
ͬʱСϯҲ˳ȥҾյʮ̵ʫʡ
ҿЦõĿ뺯˵˭˭ҵŮ꿼˾ӣǸĸԱŮƽôİ衭
ǵĺܣ·˶Ůڰɹһü
Ҫȥļңóīһ˵Ͼдŵļơ
Ҵ˸Ƿʲôȥļң
ôˣܲܶȥɣһҪϸϸѡһ˿Ҫ˵ġȽһоֵֶŮȥĻȥë˼ңȻʱû˵٣ŵڣϳףȥҲУ죬ƽҲˣһҪȥϲŮˣӺֵʱһô죿һĲ𰡡
ȻҪˣ綼ˡһۣȥ
ʲô鳤죬ôԣҶ˵ġ
Ͱɡִ˸ǷҪȥ˯ˣ첻Ƕ鿴׺˯ߡǲ˯ȥְɡ罻Ŵָҡ
ʱίĿҡ
Ҳ۹˵룬ھһ粨˵ѲŰԴ˿ƷԸ߽಻ӹȨ˸ɴ˵޵īٳʱ¶ڡ
ЩĹĵĸ˵ҿƽӣһů⺢ӻͦҵġЦ˵ЩԼķͷɱС벻ܿͻġ
ңʲôȻǳ˲ٷͷɱϾϣֻԽӶˡɻ˵
һͷ˵ûҵͷԣ㻹̶ˣǰֻӪ˵þͿάôã·ĹϵҲҪԴڲٹǰۣ񾩳˭֪㳣СǸѧзǵˣٲҪĹ⡣˵ʹû뷨㼸ƺҲʡ͵ĵưɣһͻ𣬶Ȼϣ̽㣬Լ㣬ǲǶв
鱻ôһ˵ʱ
ûгҵϣֻ΢͹˳Ҽĸ׵ͷԣֻҵĲ飬ҡ


 23 

￴ǸеˣЦ͸¶źƵϢ˿˺׾Ը
һ㵹ǺܴĬĬ롣һգ˶ϣ֪˭ʤ˭
ССϯ˿ûаʲôļӣҽܺ󣬻д񣬸лҽ̵ɲġ
ӣȻʶģһĸʵһ࣬һ񣺡˴񣬻εãСʦϤĽ̵ҷڵְ𣬷ʵ񡣡
ͱ㿪ʼסϰ߲ϲʲôǷȱľܷԸ̵ֻܹܽȵȿĻǲźۼĴҵ
۾⿴վݽһԲ飬ǫı۾¶ųҵһС̷ݸǽ˳ҵĴǣ˵ϯҽ£ҾȻ£һ㲻֪ҵݣǰҿύľѣٽʦͷס˽һ֡
黹һĻϲ£ĽǶҵĵӶ޷һֻЩСĵС̷ڳСݣԽԳܷŵ޿ɾҩ
ǳҡпһط
㴺̵ţ漰ҵģȫյĸ׺Ը
һ£һǡ
ھԲܱ¶ҺʹĹϵҶĽ̵ƻſʼôƻ
μ̿ᣬص¹ɽԷҪ죬һº׼𣿡鷿ıĻơ
ҵ̿ÿһΣڼ⣬֧ÿֻÿεĿԳɼ뿼ڳҵĵλͻõְλϢϢءûвμ̿ģ̿ûмĿǰ;ã̿ᣬֻ1418µŮӲμӣˣֻеֱ˷ˡ
һ˵ǰҿ϶ӦᣬڣҿҴԺļãС
ɣҴ߳
ɫ䣬ǵڶμ˵֪Լ˵ʲôæ£ĵط𷣡
飬Ϊѧµ飬װ˼飬ڲ˵һж޵Ҹ㣬룬ھ͵ˣ
ʲôĵطС᲻ǰӺ֣ĽǾûвȻڳܾۣȴһֱȻ¶¶˲ţΪӻǰ𣿡ЦĳŮεȵıѩôûģҲһŮε谮ôģٴܹܳȥ
ҿʱھǷͷ̫ʢͷɣⲻ֪ѾͷȻ󣡡
ɫң亹
֪𣿡
һ𣬻ķң飬֮أƽԼң
ôԼ顣ҽĶĪǶ𣿡ת¹һ̷Խ𾪵Ŀҡֻеע룬߷ʱ򣬽ŻּᷢʵХ
쿪ʼʣʮ죬ʱ䡣糽ʱʼʱȥµҡסĻز׼ֻȡ
ǡĻش
ôһŻ򣬵˵ظҲԳػµĵӣ


 24 

ܲ˵ȷʵѧ䡣̵ҰǿʽǱĬڽϣĽۿɼܹһһȻҲСϵϰ˼ʵĻõйء
ʱȣҲûдʱϵͳĴʲôֻѡһʺķġƮѩʽķϰС֮ʱ˵ʶȽȳһֹͬʱԺͷӦٶҲͨߡ
Һ͹ʼǶʮһܺӦٻʮһ½ܹʮĸء
һµʱܿȥˡıֻ⣬һѧ˵һЩ̵ġ㡱װҡϼƿҩ裬뵽ҩĿǰδԣжʧôҩ鷳ֻ׼ֹѪĴҩϱá
ȻװĺνﻹЩģϾΨһĵӣ˸۸Ҿġ
ǳǳĶĵǱ߼Ƿ죬·̲ƥ޲ѡѡȥ·ҪӼţжԶмҿջļȫɾȵ޾ϸһ
ǰһҹڿһŵͼּͱע˳нͨͼ
ҵ̿ǲͬͲμӵġֻܶ·˺ܶ࣬˵ֹļáվԺҼе˶ˣֶµˮйͨ
λ̶޳ˡ
ߺĵһ죬ҸоԺﰲܶࡣҲܲ˯һֱͯҽѣ˵пá
ȥ衣Լ΢ϴ·ˡ
ôҲ벻ңŵ˲ѩ˭أ
ʲôýĹһ˵ס
Сݰ٣û¾ԡ֪ʲô黪ΪСЧͣˣͯ²衣ڳҽһ㣬Ǵȱòȡ鲻Ȳ裬ֻЩõҡеϰٽ
ѩ´óһ̽ӣʹڸоһʫ磬뾩ǵʫʴҺ֪˲μӡع͹⡣
еӣ΢¶ΣҿóҲô˲£ֻŲ顣
С㣬Ӧ˵һʫʾۻᣬμӡѧǳǲ˵ĿҵҲǵ󲻵õġΪʦҪԼβźáί˵
ѩ²ûнҵܣ֪СѾ뿪ǣμ̿ᣬǲġع⼸Ӧеģ벻Ҫίˡ
۾ͬīһȴûīŨ񣬷ӯĸоҲңŲݾܾļᶨ
Ҹ䣬̾һյ̤ʫС㲻ûȥСݣαˮ
ѩ΢ȻǱҴļ䣬ұ͵ĿһֱϬҿЦƺóˣֺɱĹ⿴ҡ˼벻ˮʲô飬ȻǺ죬ίԼʹαһİ¡
ƫƫҲǷעʱ򣬾Ȼоá
Ȼվӷϣ죬ֻʹ͵ˡعԸȥ¶ȻǳˣعǲԸ⣬ǲǿ󡣡
룬ֻܻЩ˵ҡȻѩµݺԸαǨһС
֪ǲҲ㵽ѩ²һϸʹҲ˵仰ҪߡɶˣȻʲôӣȴѩ¡
ȵȡվѩ»ͷңոһ˲ŭѾʧȡ֮һƬ䡣
Сǲζʫ磬Сμӣʡ
ѩ²Ϊдһʣǵ¼ţȻҲȥ
һ´ǣ֪ǷԽ뿴С룿ǻղμʫ磬СǷԽպĻ룿
⻰˵ֱûˡ


 25 

ҹȻó
˻һѩ¾ͲǲˣֱǷŭˡȻı黹Ǻƽ۾ŭŻ⡣
Ȼ֪ȴһɢڵӣжŲ룬һȵĲŲҶһǳЦŶĿ⣬Ҳû˿áȻԴʹӦҵȷʵô󡪡һЦǿҵʲôŻ˿гĹ·ֲȨӵļһҲϳϯʫ飬ʾеĺȻˣҲͨһͷ
ȻӴ˲Σգа˳ɵİգӦҵġҪȻѾӦңƱײŹҽܵĿԡȻѾίԼһΣ޹ίԼһΣңҶģµĽӮԼĲ졣
ҴӦҪôعصѩ¿ҵĿֱòݡ
ϲûڱ棬ݵһǷԸ
ѩĸ֣΢΢սƺҲٺʲôһǣˡ
Ŀ뿪
ǰһֵݣѩƺû̫󷴸СҼȻԼⰵʾѩȴûзڣʾһ˿գǲǱʾҲңҲкøأ
룬ڹŵͯ˵ȥõ·óٺˣҪá
ͯӦһȴžȵ˵󣬴С㣿
ұ˴е㲻ˣ̧ͷһԼʮŮ˽
ŮĴ㳣˵Ѿͨ̿ɼòԻϰ̿ڼڼҰɡ
Ҵ鵹ƣֻ䳤ЩЩȥһЩֻĿ˸Ȼתķɿ죬ҡ΢΢ЦҪΪǹЦͿԽз¶ľģλС㻹кܳһ·Ҫѧ
Сϡͣﲻ֪ʲô飿δվ˵ӭֻǼҵĲ룬ͰЦš
Ȼû뵽Ҳڵ̶ֳȣüë΢һ̷ſǫЦݣã̵ôʱ䣬ڲݷǵˣֻǰʱׯϵ̫æʵڳ鲻¡
ҵĵӣ㳣ʲôˣݷҹʲô飬һ᲻ʲôϵҼ¸ƨ£ֻ︡Ǹͼе㲻⣬Ȼ㳣ȷʵʺǣѵһֻôҲҪƯһɡ
̵ҵְڣ˷ԸҶ岻ݴǵġСˡĵ˵
վſ˵ܲ㣬ûҲЩΣǾԱ߽Ҷ档
ͯŴСȴûзԸϲ裬ΪѡҲΣֻЦԼﲻô鷳ˡȥɡ
ͯһظ뿪
һȥͯ˵ĶҶ֪ҵܲ³
ãǿŴġСʹҲϲֻĴƺû;ϣСϲ赶Ū潻˲Ʒв˵ѡҺȰ˵Է硣ˣųһ㣬ɼȷʵܷġµİڽˣǸ߷ڣдŻˣȷѵõʦֻ̫ӣ⡣ʵҾѡһƷ¼ţϳ˵ĵӣü̳²
˵ζĿһۡ


 26 

վ¸ҲſڿһᣬȻǳˮҲһССϯûȨֻǼﲻ֪֪Ҫμʫ磬رԸ׼һ
ҿ˿ɫҲȷʵʺ϶·顣
˴ԼϲһϮƺвǳ׺¡ҺַܸΪĻٲᱻһ۴Ⱥϳ
һϣܱһϳ
ǸȴƫƫվҺԶżߵļ˽̸һ£۾ûп
Ļ԰ºܺãȻҹʱ֣ܿĺƸգȾϼҲƺҲĶ;ƵͯǴŶɴȹڶУȲȻӣһȺһȺϵǾƲ
СأһҶȴһƯͯվȴụֻ̂һ֦ɫҩƺǸողġ
ʲô𣿡ʡ
ܵػˣʱüۺЦǲǣ
ЦʱǸµĴкȻЩȴûôУЦػ£˭
ԭǡֶ֣㣬µĴңȻȻһЦеİҩҡ
ҽסµİɫҩЩȻ
ҽаţˡ˼˵Ȼתܵˡ
һ֧ҩĵ·ͶϹҾȻҲͶǡתһȴһЩҲһŻֻǶһɫĺɫĵƫֻȴһֻҩ
ոսӵĻǰЦõǱͯӣһͯǱѡļӡܶԸոյим֮ĻڽչŻóϼʫߣԴлΪƸ˴ؼȥͷļױ
ԭˣΪǵĺʤģѰĽӹףַţǴõ⡣
жʱûеõ¶ĽͼʣõȻ²
ԴΪ⣬עɡɨųӿˣ˽Ŀ
ѾʼīеļģѾʼд֡
վĵطۣõֲ۵ĺĵҵ˷֡ĿⶼڳڣײĺһеҩͶһߵĻƿ
˵֮ûȸ棬ȻǲšҴӦѩµģֻμӣûдಽİߣϣҪ̫ʧ
ʲôĻˣһŭڳб
ŵҶһ£ΪԴұ󣬸ոհѰҩӸҵͯһɫĿҡ
ұŵˣ˶һŶɨ
ػ£ǲǾԼھǳ˲ˣĻȻӵƿǲǾҳĺܳΪдһʫܶҡߵǰ۾ˮȻ
˲ʶǲʶҵģһƯͯŪޣʱ֮ͬ飬¶Ŀ⡣
ǴûмһʮĴҿޣҳĻҺÿ֣ʱҲЩ޴룬æֻǼ͵˲һΪĻɲԱޣôհˣ
ģüëһ£ĵд
ġﻹѡֻܴӦˡ
ҪȡýĻҲ԰쵽ǲ̧ͷͻȻͱˡ
ҿЦͷֻҪˣһΪ쵽˵ӦָʫıԵĵһɣӦûɡôôŤ
Ǻãſ˫֣׾аۣ˵ġ


 27 

ŰǰɫҩҰ̾һʲôɻҴˡ
ڱõһѹԵʤǲͷȴˣȻ뵽¹ɽԺ飬֪ǲƽЩȻīĶҲ
һ£һҵ˼
ʲôϾҪûˣ㻹ڷʲôŵĴߴٵ
һ£һ϶ͣ˱ʣֻҵֽһƬհס
ֻдɣ
Ҿ֪Ǹļһ治֪ôô
ǿ۰ɣʢ֮Ѹʵˣ̫ˡ
ҵȳҪЩôҲȷʵе㳳
ʣպīʣűʣб㣬¡
Ȼҵλ󣬿ɴҵĿȴߵҵǰɫ紺С˼ݣƬ̾һƪЩȲҪˡҲҴС￪ʼɡ
⡣¡
ҲȲҪСġˡ
һƬ͵͵ĳЦ塣
ϵɫ糣ȻõĻȣҵʫһ֮¶ȵĿ⡣
˼鲻ͣҲǱӻǲ֮飬ж
̽ͷֽϵɻȥɣ΢ʱĺɻĿңʲôʫСҲ֪ʫҲҪľ䰡ôֻд˰롪ѵΪôʱˣ㣡ŭŵҡ
ڿŰŸո֮䣬¶ĵɫʲôʫֲ˵ֻ䡣
͵ѩĿҲֽϣ¶˼ı飬ͶĿ⣬ȴ÷Ҳڿʱһ䣬תͷȥڼǺø֮±Ӧ֮ɡ
һۣԴɻ󣺡СǷҪʱ佫ϣ
ôԵ̻ٸһλᡣ˶һССĽ齳ֵ
ǳЦ΢΢ҡͷл¹ġʫѾɣ

ڡɡȥơѡĸֲһ£һơ
˳ҵıٴοʮĸ֣ɫԻ󣬵Ȼȣϲеԭˣԭˡֽң¶ĵͣȻš
Χ˿˹ҵȳٶۣ֪ɷŰʫ֮
ѩµĴ˿Ҳ¶ͬı۾ǰĲ죬
ҸȵĿ⣬΢΢ͷһˬ
ñ˵ҪҲɣЦĸΪףһȥ
ɻȥɣȥɾ΢΢ʱĺʱĺɻ顣һһ¶𾪵Ŀ⣬󣬴ңòŴЦһҾʰ·硣
ľֿʼһ浹׷˵ţС˼˫ҵȸʰ·硣֮ࡣ
ʱͻȻһˣһʫ壺Ҳҳ׻ʫȷʵдľɣ̸̸˼ݣʫȪӿȴǲոעѳʫףȻȲСһ̣ȴҲŲˡС߲ʫ򻨿֮˭һܲһ
һ˻ЩͱˣĻȴ·׷׿³е뷨ƫƫҲֻЦſҡ
޷ǰӻصϡ
Цһ߲ʫ˲𣿡
ҾһʫɰɣһΧǿϷɫȻˡҲͷеźڣΪƣ
ңһ£ת˲Цɿһƺһֻӡ
һڣһС֣ɫңȴޡĲ岽һ괺ô߲ʤ
˽ԼţĿ⾪ɲ
ҾƱ򰢾ţɫü죬Цͬһˮ˫ӿҵʱ򣬶ʱһůϮ˵泩֮УҴ˿̾Ȼһִò֮ãȻѩ֮¡
ʶǸȥ΢΢һִҳЦǧãȴԼƫһ֮һﰵƵζǰƣȻһȲȥ
ͤϲ˭жʮĲ岽Ӳ鴺߲һ͡ӻ

ζɴ˭;һС¥һҹ꣬ӻĲ岽ֽбݣ細ϸϷֲ衣߲Ī糾̼̾ɵҡ
ԼĪ߰ˣƳһʫлɫӣվ˺󣬲ԲգʱұӦʿɶֹճֻǻѬľζұĲô侲ֻҸѩǰֱ֣֤ҲһĲݰ㲻߲֮УֻվԭأƸϺã羰ϡճʤ𣬴ˮܲ佭ϣ 䣬ǺݡɽѰӣͤϿͷոΣ 䣬⹬һҶ˫ܽءꣿ
ΧʼǰȻСۣҵʫ䡣
ꣿã
ʫ
ճʤ𣬴ˮ
Ļ԰ˣȼҹɫվм䣬ЦŽӹ֪˭־ľƣ߲ܣǰΪƵİȴ֪ȥ
ҾһһƵǰ
ȻƽƽȴǲСھ̫Ѩе㷢ȣоȴѣֻЩܣԼӦƿЩƱȴԾĽ˹ȥвͣɽǰطɣһˮʡң£бϸ겻顣
ҵġʶǡҡһȻѾô˵ľƣҲٺһеε롣
ԼҲ֪˶ף˶ٱоڳݶеģˡɺ滹кˣܶأ
ߣ˵ˣҾʫƿˣùһֽǽϣбһžһƱ㽫ֽ϶ǽϣǡīŨ㡱鲻ãкȾīǣ䣬ֽд£ľϵ,޼ҹŶմʪӻ꣬治硣
кҵһЦǱֿһۣȻѾģֻһӰҲˡ
һֻ֣ٴλӺ¡
ʤѰˮޱ߹⾰һʱ¡ʶö棬ǧǴ
һͷԼд֣֪ײ˭ϣҲĻͷԹԵһ£⣬ͷ
ߵһߵİϣ˹ȥ֣оôе޻һѵˣȡһֻպŨīѾΧ˵֪ʲô飬Ҳȥʲô飬ôҴ˿̷ľٶֹ£˿ֻ˳ԼҲ
˫¡
ǣ
ǽãe岨ӭᣬ֦ͷ֡޻٣ϰǧһЦΪ־Ȱб򻨼ա
ȴǣ
ĪִҶηХСâЬʤ˭£һƽʹ紵ѣ΢䣬ɽͷбȴӭɪȥҲ޷Ҳ硣
̾һ泩ˣֻþϮ֮硣



 28 

ĸоǺʹġ
ͷʹĲˣϽдһӣͯȥѾĲϣúȥźˡ
棬ҹΣŻȥͷʹҵʲôأϵ̺ҿһٳŵĺá
ת뵽ͿԼѩ£з˵ͷɢһ䣬Ӱ̺͵͵Ц
ʲôȥأȸԾ롣òƳ·⣬ҲûʲôõóֵƯ·ǼȾ˾϶ѾȥϴˡֻдһˣҲǵһѩµʱǼ·֪ǲǻǵá
ֻԺֻ·ȥɡҷ룬Ӧȥˣóгׯ·Ӧúܿɡ
뵽ׯұ뵽ǰҵĳ
ȻʱһݶҪʱ˵Ҿϲ˵ӵˡȻһԭǿڴĹϵ飬鱾ֱˬĸԣҲϲġҲϲ±çûԵˣΪԼ׽Ӧó飬ӦòƵġ
ƽƽҰʦʱ̹׶ִȴͶҵĺã¡㳣ʲôǰʾҵ²ˣ
ʮ֮ǰһֱʦסһ𣬳λʦ㣬˺ټҡһżȻѰҲҩгϵŮ۸½ĵӣһŰ߶ϡ
ڶճʦʮ£ʮ졣ҳյڶϳϵŮһȴϣʮ£һ£ٳյĵڶ콫ֻ첲ϵõܽԼŮ̧ʦǰڵҪʦҴԸ𷣡
ʦǶΪ˵飬Ȱϴ
ҹڵ˵ͬţǿӦܵͷҴ޴ΪϣԼŮ̵޷Ӧҷʡȴ·ϣʦ֮Ҳʮʮս㲻Ӧ֮ȻҪԭһʮʮսһȣʮ½һ첲ΪӦüܷýһ֮Ļر׼
ϱļҪȥȴһֶ˵ıŮˡӴЩ˵̵ĵӼɫĺܣǸŪ֫ļһŵߡ
ҵʱֻʮ꣬ٴʮ֮ڱ˰ʮȣƨҲǻῪġںһƬ̫ƽһ˯İѣʦԴʦ˵ĪСƽһͷӣȴǱ˭ʦҲôˡҺõĲʶڻסֻҲ֪һջʲôӡ
ΪԼǸܺ˵Ҳ˵ĺúӡĳЩʱ򣬶ʦĶҵĿҲ޵
СӦѡ˭ҵ²أǿҵҰʾһ˿ЦܣǾ͵˵ʦû۹⣡
һ氵ʾϹӶһ̧ۣ˵ԼƷ¼ţϳˡƺҵĵӻҵҫĪǻҪߵл¡ɽꣿ
ĸԣһԼû̿ڴı˵С֪ģʵСƷоѣֻСݵλʡմС˵ˣС˱տڣܵôСĵӣСң޺Ժ󶨵ϤĽ̵ȫĸǡ

붼¡


 29 

֮ٿǰɡһ仰ȴûиȶأһҪ£Ҫú׼ˡҲдСԱ㡣
˵ű΢΢Ƿ뿪Ҳɫı仯
֮ģΪβδ뿪ʱ˵֣ҲãҲãܺù鲻ڵ⼸ң̸Ļ֪ųϲ͵͵ӬӪ£֮ǰʱİԵĹԼĲĿĲݵļ㣬Ʊ֮
֪֮Ҳ֮⣬ԼĿеʦ֮⣬Լֻй֮ġӣ͸ΪԼ̾ˡ
뵽ҷԸͯȥ·ֻҪֹãʽԽԽá
·⣬ƺҲûбĺ׼ˣǰŮӳȥԼᣬܻỨٳİԼƯûа취ԼȥʲôSPAϴţԡ֮ˣ˼ȥ˯ݹȥ
ֻǣҲ컹ǻᴩŮװȥϣҪΪж֮òźáʫûϳֻҲֻм֪ɡ
һ˯ˬԺһֽţȻϸϴһ㣬·žûκ覴ãųš
Լѩڹ¼棬Ȼȥ档ǴǣǰһͷԸϴĸɸɾĻԴҸоõ˵㿴ҽǲǸ
ͯұһЦ
һԻ˵ߣȥȥ
ܵĸԼǱ̫ˣѵóԵʮ˷ܣӵë̫澹ȻҲ˳⡣
ԶԶľͿͿһɫһƥɫţɫ·ŽɫĹ⡣
һֱ߲ܵͣƺƥɫĿܸȤͷתȥкϧ
СȻˡ΢Цſ
ѩֻǻһۣûնպ޺Ҳûκ˼ֻǵ˵һ߰ɡ
һ̹ɵ߶еʧĿһµĺû
ǰʼе㵣ġҹһŲŲ˵ѩãǺۣתһС˵Ů󶼻һ㿪ʼðݣͬһգǻķʱ䣬Ҳ޲ɡ
ѩ¼û˵⡣
ƥƯһƥǧԣ֪ʲô֣
Ѫ
Ѫˣ
һˡ
չ˴𣿡

ǽ֮󡣿ϧʲôҼҵĻʲôԼ·ϣԼҳԵģҪҿջҴͶˡ
ѩ²֪޿̣Ǿ޻˵תͷһۡ
ҳһЦڻӣ˦˦ͷһƺԼľٶҲܵ⡣
ǸʱҲ֪ȥáŰҴˣ治֪ǲݣתͷֿѩ£εĿңԼöʵ᲻Ȥ
ҲôʶСءǲǣЦģһȴ򻨻˵ġ
һǻӦҡ
С㣬ûʲôĵĵĻʱҲһЩ
֪ѩ¶ҵӡ󲻹ǸϲвȵĵͽӣʹǰҽָӽķӦ಻һеʫŵĵͽӡ֪һҵССϯ󽫾ǲʲôģֻһЩᣬȻЩ취ûиʲôӡ󣬲ܱȫҵ·˼ҪϣֻҪмĻᣬҾͿŤתеӡ


 30 

ѩȻЦúһ¿ˮŮ˵ĬҲǱܡҲû˵ĵĻʱҲһЩ
ţ㿪ڵ죬̤ʫʱ򣬳С˵˵ֻ˻/ݣĲġ𣿡
Цϲ飬ô˵ֻ
ѩ΢΢죬ңǳСά˵ǸТ˳ѧ
Ҽˣϲ飬ϲ赶ŪΪռ˺üѵõı̼ңĸ׵Уϰ˲ҵΪ˲ĸֻܳٵʱһϧĸ˵Щ̼֮鰵Ͷˡҵʱ˵ֻ˲/ݣǲġ
ѩ¾㵵˰Σ˵ô˵Сǽ仰жˣ
Ҳ˵ֻһſڵʵܶ鶼һĵҲãҲãڸԼõʲôݣʲôѪԵʲôλһ㲻ȥҲͲˡ
ѩµ۾һҵɫҲ˱仯˵û뵽㾹ļʶҴûΪաӹš
һЦ
ҴԼܲ³ڷʲôҪ˵ȴ˺һѩ¡
ѭȥȴһŮӣ߸ʾŮӲǱˣ硣
һǰ£ɣС棬Ȼ¡
Цεɣרŵѩµġ
ֻһǿҶӵͷսʵô֪С
ѩѾӸոյĶݵ΢лָˣԼġ
ƽҲǵСʱ˵ҪС¡
ѩֱϲԲǻ˶ȻҸýڣȴʲô˵ɫһ˲临ӣ˵ʲôȴϣѩ£ǰʫչʫţ˵ͬġһӣ㲻Ҫѩδ֪ͨɡ
ΪʲôûֻǶѩ£ҶãǲͷܿҵĿ⡣
΢¶һ˿죬ЦͲҪټƽˣĴʱ⡣ҪΪһСµʱ䡣ǰĴͤϣѾˡ
Ϊʲôʡ
û뵽ҾȻȫʱɫ䡣ȻǸ꣬ǰְһػ£Ҷ񣬻л
תͷ۾ת죡
ŭҪνס
ҼӶû˵ʲô
翴ҵɫʼЩ任Īǲӭ
ת磻µɺܺáֻʣǽС棬ͬȥǷڲ֪ͨС´ͬȥֻߣȳʲôӦתͷѩµСڲ֪ͨ´ͬȥ
ɲԣһΣһЩĲʹڶߵĵĳǿҵؿںһӿҲòŬѹڷйҲҵЩӲµĻƺҲЩ˶
Ȼԣң
ѩµ΢΢һ£̧ңΪҪαʣ
ѩºڷɣüԶɽɫ䣬ͬҵһμʱ
αʣ
ѩ£һѩ£˵һپ䣬ҲܽԻش
ЦЦ˫ֹסЦҼղסеͷҾȻҲôһ죬ػ£㲻һԸ˹ΪֻҪģûʲôΪνջ䵽Ǳأ
ΪΡǱ


 31 

ָݵȥ̧ͷѹסҪޱѩ΢΢Ƿǻ̫ͻδ뵽СΪˡСģˣ²С㣡
ѩδ뵽˸ɴ࣬Ŀңȴû˵
һתͷֻͷǰȥӦСԼԴ˽ҽԼȻδ뷢չС㵽׻ˣû˵֮Լǰʫ֮¡ٴμ棬Ѿкܶ˿ˣغܿᴫػѾ鸽µҥԣϣΪұҥ
㡪̲סǰı飬Ӧҡ
бһۣǿ̵ͷ¡תͷ¶ЦЦı飺أ
ҵǾֻлԳҥֻǵʱС
ɫһࣺػ£㡪
ҴСΪ˰㣬ϧίԼð۵ķմӦҵҪС㽻ãܵν˺ɡ
һΣҵڶΣûѵϯѩ¸ҲˬܵһѩԼԸ⣬ȴţλὫԼһʹѣкҲܰɡ
˵仰ȻǴ䡣ƻҺѩµԼᣬ۳ĸԭ򣬶ҲԭµġǵĹϵûдĴСѺۻǻġҺ⿴Լͷʹġ
򣬲Ǵѩµ˽Ǵ󽫾֧֣綼ѩµЦҵвЧġ
ֻһ㣬ɲвֲѩµܵ𺦣ôΩнڣһĵڶҲǰ׷ˣ֮ܶɱɱңﲻĿġ
һ˦ޣոտʼ;òĻܿһ¾ͽҴء

ɫ࣬һ˫۾й任ѩ÷ǷǳϤǰС
ݺݵȻвңѩ£㻹ҪΪ˵𣿡
ѩ¼ҡҡͷ˭ûκ顣
翴ѩ¼ᶨı飬̾˿ˣСɫҲҲֲʶ̧ٵϻ̫๤ӣʹշֻ鷳
ѩػȥķ򣺡ȷʺϡӦʺϵĵطȥʱ򿴵ģСԺУ£Ұһһ飬Цͬһֻè
ǰĴͤѾ׼þƲˣѾˣȥɡ
ѩµͷʣ̫Ů
һܲͷϣ
ѩԲ鷳㡣
ЦǴСһ𳤴󣬰ϼֻӬʲô˭ҵСѩ³ôƯĲϹأ
ѩ°һۡ
ˣ㲻ٴȤֻĺˡа취ЩСµġҴӦҪչ˺ģһʳԡûУҲһչ˺ġ
˵˵ЦЦһ·˴ͤȴѾ˺
ӣϻظн顣һ¡
ʲô飿ѩæ
û˵ֻùٻȥ
ѩһۡ
ȥһˣʲô飬ҪҪæ
ѩҪͷҹȴ繧л¹ġֻҼҽ˵ʱǲҪ͹ͬأ¹ش󣬵Ҫӡ
Ǵӻҵ͢Ա֪飬˵¹شҪӵģҲֻһ飬Ǿ鱨
Ϊд󽫽ֱʻϣлŮȻ֪Ļ磬˵ҾҪϹŮͼˡŮҲᱻ޾ĸ˵ᱻ˵ı֮
һ֪ΣѩµȥɡҪֻǴ˵һ
ѩµͷһѸȥ


һҽƪ

 32 

֪һָоʹ飬ֻҪһ뵽ǸˣľͺһֻһǧֻȥǣܼУֻܿܡ
·Ҳᵽҵĸܣܵĸ紵ҵڶߺ죬ʱһ飬һеˡ
һֱܵ˳ſڣ˳š
ֻһƬңؿڷƲʱһܣֻؼ˯һһʲô벻źá
ֱһȺҲŴͷԻѹ룬Īǻ߻˵̯ӡҪͷһɿ֮߳һһߺÿÿһ·쭣̳ôĵطȻ˿٣˼֮׷׺ˣ˼ˣеײ·ߵ̯ӣеˤһѡ
Сߣһ·зĽ
·һкɴ۾ֱ
һϵк뻳һȥ
ʱɱХһ͵ͣǰ㣬ϵŮˤ£ʹС
ҿекһ˫۾ĴңаܾӡƽȣԷġ
ӳ嵽ǰҽкǵҿһʣС߿ߵʹﲻ
ҿӣһСߡڽһ΢ᣬ꣬дժӣϵʦҲһüëıŴ޵ʣСʹۣʦܶʦѾθֻ˲Ƥѡ
ֻڣʹɵʱʦȴѾˣ˭ʣСߣʹʹʹʹ
İɣû¡Ұο
ȷԼĺӰȻתңмлСȣлС֮ԼĺӵСߣСͷллһ
С߹ɵſҪߵͷæסȴӵǺӦСĪҪƴǡƴвͷСߵ
С߿ͷһЦ
⺢ӾϵңѾмûھǴˡͻȻ⺢ϧ֮飬С¸ңûпޣȽ㵱ˣ
ʱϵŮѾҺΧΧ߲ͷĺû˻ÿһмأ


 33 

ϵޣΧȻ¶Ŀ⣬ǿ¶ηɫҲ˺󼸲
ҵͷСߺĵ뿪Ȼǰң¶ŭ飺
һŰ߷ɣĺػһҽС
ؿڵڵֵĿԽԽң
һץס½ӵˣû˵ꡣ
ҵȻ֪߹ǻʹһзִ磬˵Բϳĸ롣
Ķ䣻ҸոհʮԶ֪ܰ߶Զ²µߵԶߵԶ
ĿɫҪӵ£̲סʼģԲ𣬶ԲҲھǴ˼޹СͷӦãֻΣҪȥСҪɣһԹԻ췣С̧֡
ɫһǽˣ
æͷ
ҿ·ȷʵʿ磬˼֣ȴŰ֮ˣֻðİɡ
æվͨӡţнƣţСѺǰȥӻͳһѶҿҡ
Ҵ촽ѣҳȷʵǳ;ӡһɣȻɣ
ҷŹæһϿ뿪ȴǲٷɳۡʹҲؿڵֻҲ
Χڶɢˡ
Ҵӵϼһֻëʣ˿һֻñʣ
ӹҵݹȥıʣлл
鲻һȾƣʡ
۾һ룿
óǮ˵ࣺù
ЦҪߡָָ̯ô죿
һ£üͷͻȻΧ·˺ֻͰ˭Ҫֻȫͣ
ʱһȺһ㽫ֻ̯ˡָָֻ̯ӣЦ˵ǿˡ
ҳЦ𣿡
ָҵľǮѾˣۡ
ӶЦһʵĸо


 34 

Ҵ½СͬʱһֻëʴԱ߷ɳľʹ֮²ŰˤëǴǰλȵ̯Ϸɳġ
̤ʫϣΩһһ¶ԱߺȾƺȵĲֺ
ұΪֻȾƣû뵽ĺážƱЦ
ҲΪʫĹھǵػǸӣû뵽Ҳĺáһ䡣
Ŀ񾩳ˡʣǴ𣿡
ЦҲǴˣҴӱԽġ
ŶǧʲôܲΪֻɡֵʡ
ҡͷû취ＸҲСҲֲ٣ܳҵһ·ϧﲻϸ̲Ҵ㵹ǸҲ٣类һˣֻֻڡ
ҿ˵žҸ˵Լڼ£³𷣣ֻӼҳġʱһ͸ŹŹֺ顣һڱԽʵ۲Ů֮ݾŷգоƺǲȡԴŮŮ߻ŮΪ
СĻŮŮһͬáСԴӱ˶ȾƷŵΪŮʲϲʹŮĽøܺá
ҸԼһƣЦҵôԽĻʵۼһŮּҲ
ͣҿ˰죬۾ת˼ȦȻͻȻЦҼҵʵۼһҵֺͻʵۼҵСŮҲһء
ôΪָһɣ󡣡Ҿӡ
۾ģΪؼҡ
һ
Ǹ̸ģ˵Ҳ⣬˺ܶණֺܶϱ˴˵ͿȻıϣ֮⡣
Ĺϵܺ𣬽ǸŮһԼǽͶˡſϸҵơ
ֻͷҲεģﺬܺãܺҸгأ
ʱ۾ңгʲôȥ㱨ȥ
һ֣ˣˡ
ʲôֺܲ𣿡˸˵ʼˣ㣬ţʮʱѾ˳ơһԡһСССĽҲţŲء
ǱԽľ
ҹһЦ޹ذҸ˵ͻȻСſϸ˵Ҹ˵ңҽţűĹӸ˦ˡԣ˦ˣûҡ˵񣬽ʧˣʧ㶮
Ұ죬Ķ췭ˣֹһڣʧҶҵȻԣȾƣһһǧ
ҲʼӣԣԣһǧԽ죬ңһҪȸʹ졣
ϵǮӸһߵĵңϾƣϲˡ
æһ
Һ˺ܶ࣬˵˺ܶ࣬Ц˺ܶ࣬һΪмҲܻأһΪ˼޽⣬ֱ˶ſھ˭ˡ
콥ˣˣȴһͻȻŵ
ͷ˶ŵöµ˵ĸ
Ǹɫ·ġ
㿴ˣ
ˣǸӾλٴ˵ġңû˵š
ͷ֮һ֣Ů˸Ҵߡ


 35 

ʹģбˮѾһˡ
оԴõһ߰˾ʮꡣ
ʹǰʱƺҲûôʹʶ붯£ȴԼ
ѵˣ
Գ룬˭һСҪɱ֣Ǿһɱ˺ˣαػô¡
۾һ谵ηյһƵ͵ƣԱһһˣģһģվһվߡ
ʲô֣Ů˵䲻һ˿
Ʋ죬ֶûŪͰ׽ˣ֪ʲôЧʡ
ԼøݶһʵûʲôЦóʮ󣬾ûܹ߻ҲģʹʦҲ
쾹Ȼˮͷһоǿҵķŭͳ裬ޱߵΡɽʦ»˵ǿ飬ʦˤ˵ıʯĹ裿˺ǻ˱ȴԼ̣ͷҧ촽ǱʦǿӣֻԸɱˣҲԸ˰ɡʦˣȴ֪Ҫĵʲô̶ȣ
شǲǣվһŮһš
ܿѭ˼죬ƵʹͱľܿʧˡҴͻȻɱˡ
̫ˡ
ɽҾͿʼ̡ϲ̫ƽңӣ¹ָߵԼ鷳һֱ̣һֱ̣ʶѩº󣬻ֵעҪеĶһ㣬һ̵̣ڣ̵ڶʶԼ
ɽϸΪСȥˣǸصؽȥˣǸ˵һȥˣ
ҵʲô
ұ޴˲׶Ե˭
ػ£ȥ˶ûȥʦ
̧ͷЦֶûͰ׽ǵİЧʣ΢΢һϵͬʶϵߣϳ߰˽صǾֵĿվ
ϵĻҳ࣬һƯ·Ҳ̣ˡ
Ůվ˶¶䱸״̬
˵ǵĸطˣô㲻Ҫץ˵ĵϸҪѨϰɡпĺܿġҺĵĴھ顣ǰôɽˣҶǵѣȵסѨҩЧĻɢ˵
ػ£㡭ȻṦ򣿡Ů𾪵Ŀҡ
ԭʶҵģһṦ𣿡Ҿ˵ٳţϾҲǣȻץֶܲûողǵѶֶΣѹõİɡ
۾ͻȻмŮץȥԱ˻æָ֡һסһˣȻһ߷ɣִ˿ѾץסŮӵĲӣȿƵĺܺãԺֲܶϢ
˵ɣ˭ץģһ˵꣬ǵ÷ϵϷԼ˸󣻡Բڲ˵Լȥʺˡ
ץ߹հƣ֪ԼոһòƵεĵطеƺеλһ·ˣֻϷŷźݻǰкҡ
ȵ棬ҲͱΧסˣΧ迴ҵǡҲЩЦвҡ
ϵҲ˵⸮еҡ
Ȼһ˵ˣСĵÿһСĵıߵǰ棬һһ侫ŮӣλȻȻɢεѹ۾ɨһۣʲô
Ҳݸ˰ץھȻʲô
ҰһӣŮӴվȻӲ˵ﲻԺĵطʵ㡣
Ҳúͷʹһ̯˵ҸôءԹԵĴڵ˯ǵطֺ䣬ûûӵģ˯˿Ҫġ



 36 

˵ɣ㵽ʲôֿˣ㳲Ǻ
ʲôöͷȻǺɱ˵ġŪΪʲô˵ɣҼǵӦھ¥ѺȾƵģǺˣȻոձˮˣͷԼûпΪҽһΪʲôܲԼؼߴ˰ɣ
ߵŮ¶мı飻ػ£װˡԻɽʲôֽţڻѲˣ㱨˾顣˵ǲɵļϸֹ򽫾š
һײΧԭǽ
֪ˡô˵ѩҲˣҲúЦϻΪⱲӶ棬ھȻܵˡ
˵ôƱҲûãŮӽе
תͷ˵ﾡ˲š⣬ֻҪ޲ɼ컨׹һ룬һƭԼҲԷܱ˵ɾͺˡѶֶԭ˶ѡ
ŮɫףҲܶҸոġ
תˣ˵ھǴ˼޹ǸʿȷʵҴġұ߶ܹ߹ǣǱˣԼ˵нҪȥұٲϼصġ
㡪
ֻǶ߹ǣôԵڣ̫ҽŪŮӵ
ô֪ЩӹҽҳЦš
ŮҪŭһ˴ʲô飿
˾ѩ£˿һװͷ򵥵ڽʵķ˳ųڼϣһ˫۾ɻĿ
ҸոȻпܼȴû뵽ô죬΢΢ʹȴǳЦı顣
ôСᣬǻɽ𣿡
ûУոһûѹҼ泳֣ųѩתңعô
üû˵
ŮӵСᣬʶǴ˻ɽˡ
ô᣿ѩ¾ȵܡ
Լˡ
ѩ¿ң̧۵ʲô⣿
ѩ¿һᣬ˾ĵհ飬ѩعǸعкδԺ㡣ع̧֣Ϊɽⶾ
ⶾҲ⡣
ɽ»ỵ̄жô
ЦݣЩĸоµĶ̣


 37 

ҳ̣ȥ
ǱðŮӹȻǵ󣻡Ϊʲôطȥȥ
ֻǿŮӣӦþѩµĸ״󽫾ƽˣȷо˷緶
ƽһᣬ˵һ˽ȥ
ЦƣǽķµҲ翴ܷʲôǴﲻĿģٶֲ١οҼȻԼӵ߳βܷǱƼˣҵòãҲȻÿˡ
վλͷĴԼƽе̫ҽһźСˣһܼˡ
˽ȥŵеȳζѴӿˣͨ硣
˵꣬ȴ˶̧ۿƽһֿۣһԱźСˣĪҪԶ֡
ƽС˵ͷС˲߹ȥ򿪡
ϵɫŲĺɫȦȴǷ࣬촽ɫҲ鿴۾ݣָףŸ
һҪ֤ʵһ£վո³Ķ
С˵ոˡ
ӵȥ
С˳һ£ƽȵ˵ͷˣŴ߹Ժӣ¶Żı飬ָһ˵
һ֦ǰﲦֻӬת֦ڷ̵Ļﲦ£ԤϵĶ
ѩߵߣԱһ
ѩ¾Σһ
ҶС˵⣬Щ壬·ƷԼŻ
С˵̫ҽ˵塣·ֻڷϴ·ǻһС˽ź
ӵ֦ȥȡʯŻסȻһеϻٻ٣ҽԶˮԴĵطڵ񡣡
ѩ⻰ƺ뵽ʲôɫЩ԰ףתС˵̰ع˵
СҪߣѩֽסع˵ɸˡ㴦Ϲ𣿡
Һѩֻص˻ɽķ䡣
ƽӶԿһۣ߰Ŀתҡ
һ̫ҽ̲ס˵ˣ˰죬ŪʲôûУͲҪ˷ʱˡ
ʹ˾Ƿϻࡣ
Ҵȡһֻ̯ոջµ̫ҽʱ۾ͭ壬㣬ʲôˣôСʮ롯
ȡһ֧⿴˿⻬ྻȡֱһ룬Ȼüģ̫иһ롣
λ̫ҽ亹Ƶ˻ɲ֪ȴĵطǷǳҪĴѨвر֮ǣʹҲ׶ġ
ϣĶһᣬһĻɽȻ۾


 38 

ɽһѹԳһҲعʵǷʱкɫʤƽȴܾͷ飬ȫ
ɽһ㶺󾪽е㣬ô֪
˵Żỵ̄мĭںͨֻ࣬ͷΣʹʼŻ¸к¼ߣ˿ʼֺѣָ֫׳װߣҩѽˮŨأָϵİװ߱Ѫ߻ǺڰߣصѾԣ֫鴤һ󣬲ҿŻɽԽԽ죬ʵǺܵһεϣǸϿ˵һ䣺ңֲдȾԡ
ɽңץµĴ૵ܣܣôۼһҾûκ˵
վ˵һȫĵطûʲôܣΪҲȾˡ
ɽһ˿ԼָѾְɫߵ㡣
ǣ뿪ʱȫû顣ｫҲǵĴ֮˽ѡõҡɽŵ
Ϊһǿ׳ϷչȾ֪Ϊ·Ͻˣ˿ڵת˵ֿԲñǱĲͻȻ
ƽʱλĽɽ߹ȥɽ׾Ӫ׳ʲô飿
һ֣ƽǱ־ĺáһ֮ҲȾϲĪ뽫ҲŰ֮𣿡
۾̫ҽǶ¶ӵɫһΪԼȻûз飬Ϊ߶ľս
ƽҵĻһۣͣ
ɽڴϹţֲ̿ѣҼǿţĵɽȻѹֲܴӳɽһ·ϻؾǣд˵ӣҲпԭ˼ݣʲô㳤ٵʱѵõѡкδ
ɽֿһۣſڵ˯ãһҪ˽һҪҺ֪𣿡
ɽмȥ
Һ֪֮߳⣬־»ܲĶСġ
վԺ֦ҶѾ죬ɫһͿԺӣԺˡ
ѩվתһ˵ģҲұ־źá
ѩɫе㲻Ȼһһֱ֪عԭҽ
Ҳ˵
ֵǶԻɽоģԲ˽ץǸ
ЦһҲˣˮҲˣǸҪãʹͬˡ
ѩ´ûмҼɫӣЩ⣬еĻ˰˵¹شϣȻֲ˽⣬Ҳа취ɽĲҪ
תȥֻһԭɡӪﾹȻߴѾǾĲˣȥֻǱ֪ˣ֪Ҫ֮˾ȻҲȾ˲ǲκãֻ»Ϊʸ֮ģҲĻ̵̻ġǴ󽫾Ķӣӵǲ
ѩĬһᣬԲ𡣡
ҵûʲôԲ̫ҽֻһʱҲ߲˰ɣһССĽʲôأοҲûȥΣմң׳԰׺ȼ쵹Ҳ˻س֪ͨһ˵סʱ䣬ѾͷҲֻ񡣡
һġ
ѩ뿪ıӰЩй׷ʱ׷㼲ɫػ£ôʣϢˡ
ͷӰȻŹڰĺҲֻһͨŮӵġ


 39 

дһŷӣѩȥץҩ
⣬ҷԸȫÿбҪдʹףÿԡ·÷ˮϴӴɽȫ뵽һԺǽ뿪
ÿΪɽΣ˳ҩ⣬·΢ε¿ˮΪкʧˮ֣żҲˮҪ
ΪжϳĲ飬λ̫ҽҲδơһ¹ˮһ¹ˮľٶЩ΢ʡ
˵죬ɽкл⣬ҲûнһߡźһСȴʼֵȵҲòֳһʱҩķһ廹ûȫѵʱҩ¡
죬ɽûгָкҲһ㣬¿ʼ½
죬ɽЩ࣬»ָ
죬ɽ´߶Ϊؿڵ߹ǹ۲ܾ˶СѾ
ҸɽһȣԪָĺһ߾Խˡ
ҽַŻرӣϢգ岹һʱ䣬Ϳɺǰһˡ
ɽͻȻӴͨһҵǰҺſ̽ѩ¶һ
ʲôüͷ
ɽл֮ǰð֮ˡɽͷ
֮Ϊ˾ǧﱼҲǸеˡǰ֮ȻҲܵͷԺ㲻Ҫˡ
ллɽϲߵͷֻشǱȵȾҽǣڶȻڱĥڵϦǶǾˣûսȴڲϣʵǺܲġ
ҵ㲻õģĵڶ죬Ѿ˴ŴҩĺҩǰȥӪˡʹûңҲܺġ
ɽɫ԰ͷһתһ
ƽ˽ɫЩ࣬ɽ¶Щ΢ɫоô
ɽæõĺܣٹ죬ؾӪû⡣
ƽ˻ɽ죬ƺȷǲѾָ˻ŵͷҵعȷʵҽ˵á
˵⻰ʱû˿佱˼·ֻڲһʵ
ѩһ֪Լ˵ǲʲô飿
ƽңɫЩأҸոսӵӪš
ɽ̲ס죺ţӪǲǺһˣ
ƽҡҡͷ
˶ʱ˱
ѩ²ЩܣعѾɽȺáôܡ
ƽļ򣺡˶ûкáعҩͰ취ѾһĲɫҲȬˡһСȴЧ΢ˡ֮ٳֵĲˣҩ֪ΪʲôһöûУڡҽҲȾ̾һ
졣
ĸ֡߻ϵ̫Ѿʼ仯ϵҩư취Ȼá
ƽĿתң֪عʲô
ʱȽĴ͵ߵĴǴһ˴һϣڴĹУΪ屾ԭԭ򣬲ҡ﷢仯ⲻǲܡҲ˵һڴпܱ任һµߣķ飬ҵҩµ߲ãҲ
Ϊʲôϵûб仯ɽ
һֻһԴǱĺܺãֽ洫Ⱦ󣬲ڵĻܵһԱ仯Ժܵ͡ڶһֱƣǵĲκϸ΢ı仯Ҷֱ仯ϵĵҩư취Ӫ˶ӣԴڶ࣬Ҳͬһɾֽ࣬洫ȾȻȽϸߡҾӪʿ࣬ʹгһµĲ֢Ҳܰڲ˱βʱûзҲǲܡ
ѩµͷԭˡ
ɽǸӣڵȻ֪ԭ򣬻ϿȥȾǰɣ
ĿɨҲȥ
ѩɫˢıˣ룬ƺ뵽ʲôæתͷֿĸס
ƽɫδ䣬ֻǶҵ۾ͻȻӥһл˵ʲô
գգ۾һ˫۾ѩŴһ˫۾أֻѩµɫ峺뵽ǽҡ˵ҡȥ


 40 

춼ڵѹ֡
ҴΨһóԺ˯ˣֻǳý˵˾Ǳˡ
ɽҡ
ǴְôԹأ
ҲǴֻǸ齳ҵְǴҵǾˡ

ʵԽʿͦ˼ģңʾ֭廨ŵҪȥˣҲ÷
һʤ߼
Ҫôมʲô
ôõҽˣ˷𣿡
һ㶼˷ѡ
ǵʿߣɴô죿
ģǲҹģǲҲȾߡ
ԺƷϺõĲˮ۾ɹ̫ͬԺһֻΧĽȴǻһַ񣬸оϸӲЩһΡһݾݡ
һǱȽ⣬ΪλˡʱͻȻ뵽ǰҲ⣬ʳ˵ǰֻǲ֪֪ȻλӡҲ֪ôˡÿյ鱨ֱ֪ʣǹʽĻ㱨ûһԼ
뵽ĳһ£ѩ£Цɲ֪ͬһչǨᡣ
ˡкһȴĶһ£۾̫ţʹ˿ڷŹ⣬㵲ҵ̫ˡ
һλ£ΪʲôȥӪˣ
ͷΪʲôҪȥ
ѩңѻɽĻҶˣ²ɡ㲻ּȵˡˣ㵱ֺαڽϾǸк־Ȼɽ
ӣ벻ҪܶҾ˵뷨ҾСֻΪѪǰ֣ν۲Ĳǧ֮ľӪֹҺ¡ҾȻɽҴ̼ķԴҲҪһΣҵʱβӹҽڣ˵ھǴֱӰҵ֮ûб˼
ѩ³Ĭһᣬ۾ѹȸУǣҪβſȥ
ҷ±ӣӻֱӡ
ѩ΢΢۾̹ˡ
ҪΪ顣ϴӦұȥ
ѩ¶ңƺ۾ҳʲô
Ҫʲô
ʲôпܡб۾ǲЦʱѩһ۾ҵɫ֡
ҵ۾ͺŭһҴӦ㡣
ʲô鶼пܵŶɱڡҹֽе
ѩһԼȳ׷ңоеҧгݡ
Ǻãˡ˸
ѩһ£
Ҷüëԣҵĵһ飬ΪסҪҲ˴
ѩɫͻȻЩŹ֣ոջôһӱЩӵġ
Ҽı飬͵ЦȴǴߴٵʱӻǿȥ׼ɡ
ѩµ͵͵Ĵһת߳Ժӡ
ıӰ䣺ˣҪһɲҪ뵰Ұ


 41 

Ժ˯һʱѾӽˡ
һСȥԷ
˭ģʡ
ǹġ˵⻰ʱ򣬱ǲȻ
߽һСԺҿѩվʯǰϷֻһֻһֻС룬ֻҿ涼װʲô
ҿһϵġˡֿһѩ£򾲵һһȾһ˿ɫˡ
ǿţָһʣʲô
㡣
ʲô

أ
峴񡣡
أ
ɹ
ֻعһ飬ѵĽġˡĲϺţֿ˿ԱһԼ׷״Ķо
̧ͷѩ±齩Ӳε˵Ҫ붾ҿֱ˵ġ
ѩ±۾ҿҡ
ԱߵС˴ԼС̣ԼҹΣæǻعҼҹһ³ɱ֪ô
Сô˵̾˿ˡϻ𣿡
ѩһãȻĿңûзӦ
˵˵Ĳϻ𣿡
УﻹкܶࡣԽԽС
ɡ߽
׸˴Լ˷ݵףѩ£ȥˡ
վĲɫЩ
Ҳԡ
ȥˮˮ׸ָ߳һһ߽ɳӼȥȻˮټˮƯĴΣֱˮȽϳΪֹȻˮȥһˮıͺáϲһķԶӵˮӲһĻЩ
ѩµͷ
ҽЩҵĳʰˣѩ²űһۣɡݸңҽ׺ˮϸӣĻʮҾͿˡ
ӣ
ûзӵĸ
ԼڽһȦʱ䡣
Ŷ
һ㣬ӵϣõԴΣһ߶ѩµȥϴˡ
ѩ¶һϴ
Сվڳſڿ޿̣ӣɡ
Ҳ˶С˵ҹҪҳԣʲô飿ֶѩµ㲻ϴҲɡ
ѩ±ѾָˢְֺףС˵ȥ
С޿κεĳȥ߻ݺݵһۡ
ɴİȥóóȥʱҪѵŪˣȻ֭ϣпζ
ѩµͷ
ҽõˮϴȥѪڸɾԲδСһС齪õȥƤϴ˿ȻѺܲȥƤҶ˼ƬȻְѵݸѩ£ʣµĽ㣬һҪֻֻܲƬһֻжҪСָͷС
ҿСźܲľǰ弤Ƭ̲סѵָõڶָŵᵶʱŵͣͲеָˡ
ѩֶһּܲ
ҽСײˣƹϣĢϴɾȻ󽫼ж˿ƬüˣѩµĺܲҲкˡ
Ȱȥֵʼ׼Ϊʲôȳ񣿡
ӿɽҲ֪ˡ΢Цܼ򵥡һζġڹֻһ£ζصķں˴ζڶǺͣĲ˳Եʱ򣬲ʣвһϣ;ͱˣԽθǻ϶ٶ΢ͼ桭򵥵˵ǲɾСԼѼ㻹ֻҪʻĶɱ󣬶÷һʱ䣬ЩСˣˣ
ѩĿɿڴĿңôЩҲͨǸŮˣ
գգ۾Ȥ˵ǰҲܵģô򵥵Ĳ˶㽫ô˰
ѩû뵽ҾȻЦһʱ֪ôһ˫ƯĿңҴ̴һҸЦһװûһ¹һתͷվҧŴ˵
û취ֻԼ֡ŪˣҽˣָŷźòϵѾչˮ
ѩ¿˿ϣֿ˿ңʲôҲû˵ֻתȥһԶˮ
һᣬҵԼκˡ
ѩæι޺ĳһΣȴͣסˣԥ˰쿴ҡ
΢һ£֪ǲô͸ġߵߣȷŶ٣Ǿٷһ㡣ʢһ㳢ζˣһ㣬ֱζΪֹ
ѩ²֪ôе㽩Ӳûж
ôˣҾıеŹ֡
һһ仰ܲվԶһ㡣
һȻԼǺܽѾϣոպʱƺˡ
һӣеε˵Ͽ԰ɡ
˵Σһ£˳ּһ㣬˳ּһ㡭
е㵭
ҵҳ
ѩ½׵ݸңһָױҳ˳ֻͷֺһڡ̧ͷҧгݵĿ⿴ңۺ졣
ҿһе㵭òƸոռ˲νȥˡ
ӣƹͷλֻ׹һ
ͻȻúܺЦԭ˶Ĳɡһ˲䣬оģǾͺһͨķΪһæµ
ȵһӣѾˡ
ҽʢ룬ֻÿ붼ֻд롣ѩ뷹֪ǿٻֻ룬԰ɣһȥˡ
ҵһٷҿ˴룬ѵҳҲɣ
ѩ²֪ʲô˰죬ˡ
˿ʼͷԷ
ѩƺҲǱһһҲò㣬ȵһˣŷӦ¿ӣε˵Ĳԭá
ЦҲзݡ
Ҵóһֽݸ
ѩɻĴ򿪣ʲô
ԤҪõҩģ˸Ͽ׼ðɡǾȥӪҵ
ѩۺֽСĵķŽ䣬ɻ̧ͷңǻأ
ͷǷŰɣҲûá鶼ˣֻ¾ӪҲˡ
ѩͷǿ˵лл㡣
ҴЦϽˡ


 42 

ȥӪʮ·̣ȥ˻֪Ҫ϶ʱ䡣ҾûҪسһΣһҲ֮Ŀҵ
뿪ʱֻС˵һѩѾæ׼ҩȥˣûмˡû뵽һɽȴš
Ҹ㣬ǲɽǺһЦ
Ҳǲ˰ɡҿЦһ£һسһ˰ɣЩ֮ǰҪ׼á
õģ
ҳ˽ûãѾǺڰĽһӭ
˾顣
ڳˡϷɫҪ˹
ɽɫһأվǰվסߺˣ
еͷɽǸθеˡѩңҵİȫȻҲҪһ񡣲׻ǵòǵ˭ö߹ǣһĸСıʲô
ɽҵĵӳ顣Ц
ɽ¶˼ɫ
ҲһʺŵĿŻɽ
飬ǽʱҵˡ
⻰죬һۻɽƺںǷбҵ
صңñɽȺԼ̸
лϸ飬֮ǰһأһḡֻɫЩ㲣⼸죬ҲǺΪҵġ
ûˣʣһȥ
ûУСҵĶ֣һ¾ˣҲûֻ֣ǴӸǡǴԼָ̿֯˰ɡҷĵķ֡
ӡ㻹ǰ㣬Բ׼ԺԵΣգֻԽԽԽԽࡣҵ̿ɼô
ǰϣȻ۹Щ仯֮һ¡ۺϳɼϡ
͵ĵͷòԹɫӶ£ѡʵķʽԼ˲١뵽һ˰ľսĹ죬в΢ʹֻһζıôӵбԼͶһıº;
֮ҹңʾΪӡһ˵һ߿ı顣
һ£Ȼмˣ
ҺϲţССĿ񣬲ҵĵӣǵ㼸Ƴ̽ڻҶѣûʲô̫ǵġ飬ô죬Ŵҿ֪飬ԼҲ𣿡
Ȼһۣܿ췴ӦڳûԼĶĿ
ͯǼңȴ̸ʱ򱻸˳ȥβ£ңҪʹʲôıңҼˣҲ鲻ʲôԭɡĳ飬֪Ҫʲô˰ɣ
ɫأ˼ĵͷ
󾫲ࡣ֮һҪɿҳϣ˶ٲںѴֻǮĻҵӡȥ¥㴺ҪҪǮҽӡóݸ
鿴һۣɻΪʲôҪҡܴȥ𣿡
ҡͷҪжʱ䲻һжҪԼ֧ˡӡ֣¡
鲻Ҫȥܴ𣿡
ҡͷ֪ǴӽģѾӦǰһ顣䲻ֻķʱ䡣йֶ࣬㲻ͬȥֱĿĪΪҲͿ͵ˡϰҪҪռƻӡҴóһСӣһ·ҽķϰҪﲻԤڵı׼ϸƤ
˹֮ǰҪѧµĹȸԾ˿˼ȴ棺ǿȥ˵
ʧЦôױǿȵ𣿡ȻƷ񲻻ὫӪߵɢֲΪҵİȫģɴ໹˵
ɵӣŷ˵ڵʱҹ㡣һӴһСк˵мĶӣ˵нĴˣ֪飬ʰҲŶ˽⣬ƽҾֻдˡ
ǡЦЦˡ
ǺˣֻǾ̫áӱ򣬼ͼıڣֻϴ·һӡĺӾ˽ȴץȥˡ˶ֻǵ˽ˣٺҲǰЩ飬֪ѣ˸Щӣֻǲҳ͡ǰǷǶ࣬Ůӣòӣպֻ¼ѡ
ҳһ£ȷʵǰ취ý¥ƹӰŸԺɨϴ֮ĹǺҲܿࡣϾǺСһĺӣЩ
ǡһ£ҲܸˣŵһҹԳľѣġ
󣿡ǲʶһյʲô
˵˴ߣǽֲϢûС⼸ʣֻ˵ûлˣס
ЩжҲЩھΣȷʵҵѲΪҵǣ⼸ȴûҲΪġױдŸתȴӾӪһȾȥ
˵ţͯȴпãָҡ
һۣô˭أֻҲŻʱ˵Ϣͨ
ͯ˲裬ߵǰɽѾһߣɫˣһȻ磬һźɫ񣬼ҽһñӣվ
Ҿţ


 43 

˵ڽſţԲôõҵϢǰҡ
ôͰĿ죬˳Ҳ߶Žˡע֪ǸǻЩԤ⣬ֻʵôˣλʲôҪ𣿡
ɫеû˵ʲôȴվǰػ£㲻ȥ
û˵Űš
żֻǿҲԼ̫嶯ˣһ飬ڨڨ˵֪ҪȥӪҲ֪ʲô顣ǣ̫Σˣȥòã
һ⻰תͷҾΣգ˵ֻһС𣿡
̾˿㡣ֻǲġ˵Ҳʲô¡ѵҲû𣿡
һüĲûйϵ㱾ٴҲǸˣҪиһͻޣޣͻΣաѵ㲻Ҫˣ
ЦȻҪ
ŴңǺãǾͲȥˡ
Ҹɴ죬˳һۣȴüͷһԲ
⣬ûţ
ҵк
翴ҲԸôһ˵ӣҿڣ֪ԼٲּܱĬ򰢾ŵţعԼ
ҲܣҲ׼ȥŭɫôѵҲһȥ𣬷Ҫȥ𣿡
类µ˵ɴҲ졣
ǰֻ֪Ů˲ʱ˺εģھһ㶼󣬲˴Ҳǰ֪Ůˡ
ҹѾˣһɫĳ磬򰢾΢΢ǷлŻӵµĹġֻǻ񲻻бҸõѡңԼ֮УڱС
ɫЩҡʲôʱ֪ģ
ҵʫϣָҽҩʱȻյ´ͯ·ȴʫϸǳңָݸ߹׽֮ˡײ뵽ıµֵܡƣĵΪҩΪࡣҩԳưţ˽֪Ż棬ͨࡣŵҲʾ°ɡ
ŶʱЦ绨Ҿ֪һܲµô㣬û˵ɡֶ˵֪˭ҵĻҲ𣿡
ҵͷԼΥ
ŵЦɫ䣺˭ԼǲǣĹĿңҾ֪͵ʮΣ˶ϵ
΢죺ҵϣȵ֪˭˭һ˵ƺеӡ쵹ȥʱŵһ˿Ѭ²ݵζԭ뵽ǲɵ΢΢һ㡣
ҵЦ̫ˣŶҵ۾ԽԽðƣﵽЩʲôɾĶ
ѹֺôģҲǱᱡ˰ɣ룬һΪұֵĺܺء쵽󹦿һ񣬱˵ɳԶɫǡ
㷢ʲôգ˵ĻûУҲĻŲ˵
̧ͷӵ£¶лӵ¹ϵֻǻԼǰʳԶʡοӵƺھв˾ְȨ滪ȥɡ
ŵңҪҧһڣ˰졣ڵˣţˣҲġʣ¶Լˡǻȥɣٲȥĸʷ˽ԳͲˣҲҪܷ
űţſȥһ߻ĵĶңǷͣһͷŴҵػ£ҵţһ֤ҲģһҪúõĻ
ɫһñӸŴãһۣˡ



 44 

ӪĺãҲĸ㡣
һΪפｫ׽ʩĺܺãȾٶȺͲ˵ıûԤƵĶࡣһ棬ΪٳûнӪÿһ䶼Ϣҿһ϶Ǿľı飬ֲ֪һ᲻ֵԼĿ־㲲ѡ
ɽ˵ѵͲˡٺеѲ⣬ʿ¡ÿǴɨԳԷɹɹ̫ǰʱҲȾʿĴǾ޴
ɽҽܾӪķֲһߴȥｫס
Ĵεʿüͷû˵ʲô
ӴⲻǱɽ㲻ѾôֻˣһЦ
ɡ

ɽ֮ɫֻװ
һߣһȺΧۣһ߸߽У
ԣĺã۵ġ
ͣð
ֻ߽ｫӪźЩʿľҲҪһ㡣
ɽġ¾ҽｫһʮ꾫ɵŮӣĿ⾼һǸ֮ˡ
ᣬжټʶǲŪˣ׿еĽȻƽ
ɽĿһۣæ׽ǿϴҩػ¡ϵ֮Ҳһκõģⶼҽǳ
ϵĲκõģ´ңǰŰɣκߣ
ɽˣ˸񵣱
˿˻ɽתңһĿҹ㣬Īֱ˵ľҽѾֻ˻ҽȰ㻹ֻȥĺáĪΪһʱ̰֮
һ·ţܲãԴѾҷΪһ˽ʣһ㾴ҲɢҿڵеĻɽٻɽ֪Ϊõ뾡취ǰ
΢΢ǷлԻµȰ䡣ҽãұֻһ齳ѣҲӦ£֡
㲻Ǵ򣿡׾ȵʲô
ˣһλӵԼʳԡҿŵüͷȻӦԼ»轫Ӧ·ơ
ʲôû͸Цһƾʲô
ҵͷ
׳Ŀһᣬ˵˵
ҵһҽ˹ҹܡҲϲ˶ָֻš
۾ûգһ£ڶأ
ҼӪﵽĿǰΪֹֻʶͻɽûɽ߰ҡ
أ
ҿڵ̿ʼָӪһѵῴʿ˵̧ۿף͵Ľ
ˡһ죬͵վǰİһ˫Ŀһ˲ɱֱϢ


 45 

ɽҲ̲סһ£˵ʲôȻ˵
ܺãҪľƣ⣬۾̹Ȼ˫ŭ۾˭ʹùİɡ
£Ըһ໽УҲҪľ
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׶ҿ˰죬ɻʿ˳ȥ
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űŵĶˡȷʵվûϵǰɢһأƤûգһ¡
ͻȻЦãػ¡ҵűǰģ˽⣬ǵһȫӦܷ
ҸŻɽҵҽľΧţʿפţ׳صĲǾҽĴţǵظĴš
Һͻɽſڱ
ʲôˣŵʿһĿңûмҡ
εľҽҽػ£ÿɽʾ
ʿȻһӳģŮ˹ȵɽˡ
ݼԭá
˵뿪ʱʵѾȾߣΪѾݼ´ˬʵЦɫһʮء
ɽæóûǶλңҲŻ
˵㣿ݼĿңһ£ȻЦ⻰ҪǴ˵һǲšľȻǡδʮ˰ɡ
פھʿǴʹУҶо⡣ˣ̬Ҳºͣңʮˡ
ǸפؾҽĶӳݼݼ׽ĵΪһסɡɽߴٵ
ɽǸϸˣİ£Һܿ콫ԼʰǳҾȻӵһľʣܼªľֻһŴһӣú˼Ҳоһ֪˭رҡаʱ䣬ԴһҪȥˣоҽλˡ
ϧⳤ׳ݵûʲô˵
ʲôһëСѾͷǣ׽ǲǷˣУҪȥ׽
һСѾͷܱҽ飬ǲ֪ߵغ񡣽ɾȥ޻صģСѾͷˣ
һͷ׵ȴ̫Ŷңֻǲ˵͸˺ܴѹҲֻ߽ţʱʱı顣ȻڵľҽΪĵġ
ػ£֮ҽһ¡ϣܵõλǰָͰΣҵϰߣϾҽ֮һмʶˣ˵Լ֮ͨνԴ֪С
̫ȴǴһʲôû˵ûаĴҵԲҲûаȺѼӱ졣ŽԨ̩ɽʶǸӦĽɫҲû˵ʲôҲﳣҲûбҪ˼ʹϵôá
ûɽ߿ʼв˵Ĳһ߶ϸһ£ÿ˶࣬ΪӲڲһ㶼ʮ쵽ʮ죬¼ҲƣͬڻɽϷֵĲû̫
ֲ鿴ˣҩʼúĲ֮ǰĲƣֻǳһµ֢״Ƥϻߣںֵ߳ĵطĸоҰ没鷢չȫĸоأеĽԼƤƣץѪ
Ϊʲô


 46 

ھ￴һĲҸоҵϣм벻ͨ
һߵʱӿʼڴԼʮ죬һ㲡ʮĿԺܵͣôµ߲֢ټġ
ڶĸʩҪúܶࡣΪʲôıôߣȾ֮˶£ӪﱾĽȺ壬ûнӴ˵ʿУȻвϳַĲҲ˵Ҳпܲͨ˴ģ˵˲ΨһĴ塣
ڶЩûнӴʿǴȾµأûпͨˮԴʳļжǼжôжĲ֢Ӧû̫𡣼ʹǶڲͬпֲܳͬĲ֢Ҳûͳһһֲ֢µֵ߳²֢һµġҲ˵жֿҲǳС
ȥֻصԭ㡣
һоͷЩʹԼ̫ˣЩվ㵽ȥ
˵Ӫܰ˵ЩͷˣûżֵļҼҪΪﲻ˱ʶͣ˵̫ƽ䡣
˼Ӫʣһѯ˲˵ķʱ䣬оʲôģǰԹʲôȹʲô
˱ǼһİףΪǾҽİ֣ѯʲġԲû̫ķӦҵش̸ϻҲϣֻǴǵı鿴ش𲻻شҵѾûʲôҪģֻ
ߵҷ־˲˻ˣϸһھӡ̵ҽҺɽҽйǾҽҳҽΪ˵ãڴӪ¸أҲмӡ
ҼѯʿɫͰ˵ĸо崺磬һμȻͬʿ̬ҲºͣȻмӡ
ǲǿҪˡ
˵ʲôģҶûзôȷԼʿͷɻҪؼȡɡŮˣѵ㲻𣿡
Ȼ롣ʿæ
ǾͶԼģҲҪģ𣿡ι˿ˮԱһʿ
ҿˣ˳
ôҽȥ𣿡һȻ
ͷҲûأƺӦǽһҲʲôģҿͷպųԵˣҲûˡ
ߣϣ㲻ֻһ
˰ʱ֣ҳ극ʣµļ˿꣬һʱоղԡ
еʿңɫƺܲơ
źܽһʿػ£ҽ
һ£ֲõԤС
ػ¡û䣬ʲôӭ˹ȻУֻ΢΢ӣײԱߵϣɽҺһأ۹ȥȻһֻҹɳĶʲô֪
ܺãд⡣
üëһƺûе㡣
ߣûең˶ȥˣһСѹߵġҸ㣬㲻óѵģ
ԣˣ˭ǿǻȥĻᡣ
ػ£Ҽ
û˰ҽС㲻һҹôQҵİο
˭ҵй¶ȥģ
ǰȺ鼤ŮˣҪʲô飬ֻǰ첻ˡЪŰɡ
ᰡҪ˼ʹϵôô鷳ĲˣҿӨˣҵѩһ
Ҳ֪ʲôԹ̾˿ҵҪʲôʱܻؾǼ
ȻһԶ߹
۾һӵסˣѵ˼þˣô;һУôѩ£


 47 

ôʣһ׼ľҵĴôУҾȻ˳ľͼ
ѩµﲻȻҽʲôãܹһ¾ġ
ҵͷʿǻһ󽫾ԼһԿߵĸоԼĲҲһġϣ˵϶ȸߵͺǷǿңȬӰҲǲСġ
׽˵Ҫָʿѵġ㻹˵뿴ʿ͵Ľѩң¶һ˿͵ɫһͷһ˵׽ˣ⡣
ЦҪôĿһʿƶ˵ͳֺο˱Ӫˡ˱ӪżʿǾưȻģѵʱĺǾ춯صģԲ˱Ҳһִ̼̼һصȻҲơ⣬˶ȾĿԡ
һܴþǣ˶ĲԽЩѪʿ޳йĵ¾ͻĵѰ£ҵһ쿴ʿȺŷЩû˵һԼû¡
ѩµͷ
ĵӪֹӽ룬ŮװȻȻзա
ѩҡͷҴСŮװˣ¶ֻߵױû鲻뿪ֻҪСЩͲ⡣ֻյŮҲûлɡʵ˵ҵı㣬ɽҽĹپӳ·һҲֻ֪ҵݣǶǿεˡ
˵꣬ʵգʲô
ҽҽõɵ
ô˵µߺܼˣüͷ
ҡҡͷȻѰ죬Żܹѹһʱ䣬ʱܸٿӳǵֱҵ׼ȷҩֻǣĵģߣ֮⡣
ѩȻҲǣʵ㵣ʲô
ҿһۣοһЦЩ룬Ҫ֤ʵһ¡ڴ֮ǰʲôǰ˵
Ҽֲ˵Ҳʡ
ɫµѩ£ͻȻһ֣Ҫ˷ȥĸоæǰһץסȴȫˡ
ұȥھӪԼСģڽԸ¡ʳҪעģĪҪˡ
һҸûȥˣܳʱ䣬Ҫˡ
ҵͷıӰ˼ס׷ȥѩ»ͷңһŤ󣺡ʲô飿Һ޲ͬһҿúߵĵͷźã󷽷˵ǿֹס
˵׽ܶ鶼ġңκ˲ھҽ飬Ҳ󽫾֧֡գһбȽϼҵľٶҲվߣֳܱĬػ¶ʧҲʧ
ʲôɻʡ
֪˭֪أԸʲôҪźãش


 48 

ҿǰҵ߰ľʣüë 
ǸοҰε̫ˣǻ˯ĵطǰ̾Լ˼ʹϵ񹲷ˡ
ƱѶӳˣҾ̸ˡ
ǰյĸҩҶǽлɽȥҽģԼûȥҶҲĹСǼβˣȻ˶ңû԰
ɽɫƣͣȴֲ֪ôͺãǸᡭ
۾һۣ˼ǣҾ͸ţ
Ҳ֪˭ôػ£һ֪СΪ˽ͼ¸صĹߵϢһҹ䴫ӪڲǾҽľҽǻ˱ӪĲˣѲߵʿҵǴűӺ
Ȼģ뻹ǳ粻ڣҵľ˵Ⱥˡ
ܺãǳá
ɽȥݼҿŭҿʼɫתƤ°Ѹˣӳ湻ģ
ɽӦһתȥˡ
ѹŭ𣬶ԼıӺ·
ͷʲôҶһȴǼд̣ȥǸɵʺֻǴСɫԡ
ҲǵҵľĶ
룬һС鲼ǼãװƽռҩС
ʱݼżʿˣҺȻǰɱƬУһжˣ橶ĸоڿݼĴż߹ˣҲһץĸо
ݼ۾Ȼֱңױҵôһ˿顣
ݶӳҵľĹϽΧ£ѵܸҸ
ĪҪҸոյõϢӪǱ߸ողͷ˳ǸɵġݼһʿƤЦ
һҲŵǾǣһôʦ˸һٺ⣬ޡ
ʿҲŸ͡
һۣǴԼŭɶӣϸӵ
תݼݶӳҲô
ݼɿһȻҶô˵Ӧþˡ˸á
ɽɲüͷҲû˵ʲô
˼˵һȺҵľŪˣߵ
ݼ̲סЦһۡ
Ҳ˵һȺȻ԰Ȼݶӳʿķߣ̣߰㡣ǲǿɣݶӳµʿ磡ŭЦ
ػ£˵ʲôݼ˵ס
Ҷݼݶӳ˶鸺𡣡
ݼüͷʲô
ҵһɹҵ쵼ҵĲܣָʹʿҵľʣѰơ˾ѾҾҽӰȶҪ̽ץסѺϸ̲顣
ݼĿɿڴң˵ʲôҲû뵽һĵʱ򣬻ʹֶΰɡ
ƨἵ㣿
㲻ݺˣ˭ģ
ָһǼôô£Ī뵱ʲôûзԼ磿
ĬһᣬһḡԣҾ磡ôҰŽôػ£㻹ô˵
ЦܺãҲҵŽ棬﷢ʲôˣ
û˵ˡ֪ڽͲͨ
ҿݼݶӳأ
ݼҰ죺ԲҲִô
ҽв㣬ǲǣ
һΪѵĻɽɽȥһ˽ʣҸո˵Ļ˵һ顣ʴ󽫾
ɽ䶯촽ڵ̫ðɣ
ŭЦɽĪˡҵһӪʱｫͽ㰲֣ѵ㴫һ˻вˣΥｫ
ɽԶԣֻˡ
ݼ˿̼ɽȥŷҲ˵Цػ£㲻ôⲻع£
ЦҵȻ֪
ݼһ£漴ΪʲôҪô
ΪʲôôָһǼΪΪ˸ۡ
Ҳǡ
ݼӳҼֱӵµʲô̻ʲôʲôػϲСˣҲԿݴȵϲҲŭ˭ϣԼˣ
ݼҧҲ̫ˣ
̫֣ЦһָӪѲߵʿһʿΪҵҩ߳ȥָ˱ӪеˣΪҵҩڣҽӪ죬Ϊֹû˵ҽκһػ˰ӵͷϣüͷûһ¡ڣҵľʱˣҺǣͻȻŭҵĴĿɰıǡǶԵϵľװǶԵǵģ
ݼµʿһ𣬶ʱѪɫ侲ҵĻͷ
ұԼıӣ߽ݼְףҿҡ
һУ֪ΪʲôŪɽݶӳѵͲɽã㡣ϣ侲룬ҪҰοԿʱװԡ
ʱ򣬻ɽˣɫÿǵ󽫾ȫҽ飬ػ¾ϡüӸߣá


 49 

Ѻ飬ھӪͬһˮ͹Ӧޱȡ
ڵĸо·ߵҵ۾ﶼޣĻ
ޣݼʿ̬תζһµľſˣȽ
˱ӪӦǷӦҵĵطֻΪһ䣻ǵĹǻñְҵ̬ȻڸŭԵ״̬
Сһβǣ
ȥĵڶ죬Ҵɽȥ
ҵҪ󣬹Ѻһ˵ǱѺ˵ǱþһӦȫҲû
ҪɽغʿɢȥԼóһֻӣ򿪣Ķʾ
ʲô
ϸüȥķ㣬ֻɫ
ķǺɫ𣿡ҺϺӡ

ʲôʣû˵
ǱеһֶͷеƤëػһǺɫΪϲʳջ
ֶھӪΧܶ𣿡
һҪڡʱȽ϶࣬ϲʪֲȽ϶ĵطʳżͻصɭ򶴴ʳ
ʪǾ˵ڵĴӪǷˡӪкͨЩСͺֲﷱïʲôطǹʡ
ʮɭֵıԵÿ᷵
ʮɱ߾ˡ
׼ȷ˵Ѿɾˡͷ
Ҳ˵ÿ괺ɵɭֵȻִصˡԳûж᲻ʲôӦ
Գԣʻ֪ܲܶʿϾʱ͵͵ȥЩտڶ͹Ҳפ˺ü꣬û˵˭Ϊж߹ġ
Ҳ˵ܶ˳ԹˡΪʲôеĲûпһڼ¼ԹֶĲʵ
Ц͵͵ȥǲġΥɣᱻġ
ҳһ£ľ鿴ʲô£ķɫģ
ңЦݣǻɣ
ҵͷҪȥ֤ʵһ¡̧ͷЩطҵЩ
һµʿڱɽտ󱻷ֹ˴ǸطӦûǳû
ҵͷվ
Ҳվһ˵ĲȷģȥʱһҪСġ
ҽСͷͷ﷢ֵġ
󾪣ʲô
ЦӪӦòǴĵط⼸ʺӦҲһ򵥵Ķ硣˶٣ֵҲ˵Ѿ˶ˣ˲ⳡ߱ҿס
һץסҵָҰûзֻģʺûбѹ״ӦŷŽȥģҿĳ߰ҵӶˣȻôô׷
ԣݼҵſҵ֣ɫƽ㵣Ҳͼʺ
˵һᱻˣƾʲôأЦŹƽ
ΪӪ¸صľҽʮľ˵٣˵ҷֵ࣬Ӧþӽˡţı£ֵģģʱѡ룬ҵˣҲô
ˣܾܿ߳Ĳ۵Сһܲ˭ǽǸԽӴߣǱȽϰȫݼҲǿεˡ
̾һҵҼˡǼȻΪʲôҪԼƵ˼ϡһСľѡ
Ϊʱ䲻డνЦЦֻ飬ؾȥˡûдȥշģһʼѡЧֶΣȻǼҵһ㡣û뵽ȻԼģҾ͸ˡһΪҵĳٶۣҲȾߡǾԲԭԼġ
۾ġѵѩ⺢ӣ
ҿЦҲµˡ
̾˿ϣѩġ
ȥʣɽſڵңȻ͹ĶԻǺοأ
ļ򣺡ڰѴͷļһﾾ֮ǰұһĵļ󡣼ȻҺ͹Ƕͷηƾͼơһ񣬴ڿʼҪŹ򣬱˯Ҳ뿪ķˣֻԳԹûȥҪСκˣǿ۵ˡ
ǡǣأɽʵ
Цùؼʱ̣ܱңܱ㣿
ɽһ죬˵


 50 

ȵƿߣ뿪Ӫ˵ĵطȥ
ȥ
תһˣһݼҲ֣һ˾Ȼѩ¡
ôǺܸˣֻó
ȥˡѩ¿ңᶨ˵֪Ҫȥ֮Ҫȥˡ
Ȼ֪Ҫȥʲô֪ǹҵƲתҴ˿ǣΪΣգǽְ˼ҵĹȡȴһ㶼ûеס
ҲǾҽˣܲҡѩ
΢΢ͷתݼΪʲô
ݼҴӦɽҪġ
̫ʱǲ磬̾˿Ǳ㡣
˰ʱڵ˹˵ĵطǵطңΪܴɣмʿķſء
ʲôѩ󽫾ױ꣬ǳ
ʿǿѩ£һӰ
ǰ˿տӴСѾƤĶʲô
ʿǼң¶ɫˣ˵ʲôֻǴ󡣡
ûп𣿡
һʿָһѾȥߡʬ塱
߹ȥ֦ǵ巭һֻļצϣֳװߵָס
ʵǾԴ𣿡
ʿû˵
ʣǰץĴָǴװߵ𣿡
ʿ룺ûע⣬ûеġƺǶ˵ͻȻʲôæģֻǣֻǡ
̧ͷЦģʵشңһ򽫾˵飬ȥǵĴ
ʿţ𣿡۾ȴѩ¡
ѩ΢ԥһ£Ҳͷ
ʿϲشʲôֻʡ
Ǿʳ󣿾Ĵǰûʲôͬʡ
ҲǾֻǾӪĻʳвʱǸ壬ֵͳץΪߣֵĻţҲûʲôʳЩ˵Ĵǰʲôͬ롭һǸոش˵ģָϳߵĴǰһǰĴǰȻҲץҪ׽һֻҲҪķѲٹ׽һֻףе˶УСǰܹ׽ܶӵĴΪһں󶼿
ʮָ۽ģоĿЩ䣬ɫԼҲÿʿɫƣҲ˵ˡ
ˣȥɡסһ飬ȥ֮ǵ飬κ𣬷Ϊ鲻֮⣬ҪǵĴ
ʿæӦ
˼ֵȥȥҪЩԣ߻ûнԼҪע㡣
ʿһůӦȥ
֦ʬνѣֻеġʬ塱ճɽ̼ҲŽԶԶ
ȷ𣿡ѩЩǵĿҡ
ҴĿ⣺ҪȥɾӪ
ʲôݼеһôȥʲôҪģгȥ̽ˡ
ǻ𣿡΢Ц򲻶ҽҪĶ˵ţ̧űߡ
ѩݼԿһֻۣøϡ


 51 

ɾӪѾʱ֮
ĵҹѾ䣬ɵҿҪҵһĻʱǾȫ䡣
¹ǰȴһԺӵĴʮֻһιſʳģȻѾҲɿĳ˵ʬ塣ǺʬˮͰװ׵Ĺȥϸ鿴һ£ָ׶ǲװߡ
ݼѩɫ԰׵Ŀš
һ£һʱˣ뿴˭ȦǣҸطϢ¡
˵ͷ
ڱȽԶһĵطʱϢһ£ָ
ֶ𣿡ݼʵҪľ
ҵͷոߵ̫ʬһѬҲͷ͵ġӻһֻСƿӣ衣
嶾ġոʬ̫ҪСĵ㣬ɱ黹ûԼˡҩ裬ҩþһͷʹҲʧˡٿˣɫҲûô԰ˡ
ЩΣӦóµģѩµ֣뿴ֱҵ𶯡ŷɣɫ̫Ҳǲֶ졣
ָݼŷ
˭ģѩüͷô񶾵⡣
ҿǳȥƶһ١Ҫ治Ž֡ݼװһŻµӡ
ҵͷȥҪһ£жֱʳãǽӴûĺҲܱȾʿǴҲֱںġϾտҽˮԴĵطϴûӦⳡߵԭ򡣡ǹŴŵǰʲôԭʹҪϾ·ͥġ
ֻҪ֪ԭҶ֢ҩİվ͸ˡֻǣںַµı仯Ҫȷһ¡
ΪֻܶҹһʱȻ䣬ֻǿѩݼɫÿЩģһֻСƿӣŸǣǻѪٵҩȥůЩҿɲǻȥðˡ
ȥһᣬɫźЩˡ
ڵȵˡ
ŵȥԺʮĲݴʹôԶŵŻʬ
ĵĵţʱ䲻ԶԶһʲôߵԺӸͣ
ס
һʮŮӣŬӳģȻһʬ塣ȻҲúܲܣóһ鲼ԼڱǶȻץʬһգʬԺ롣µʳһӵϣܿ콫ʬû
ԭ͡ϡġ
ʬ壬ĳϿˡ˿Ժе龰¶ɫų뿪ˡ
ϡ



 52 

˴ԼҲе֪ʶԺӰԶˮԴǾӪ·ڵĵطԼʿǴ˵
ӪȦĵطе룬ҲΪȫ롣Ǹų򣬺ܿ쿿˾Ӫ
ѲߵʿҲȻΪʱ̾ЩãҲٸĹֻԶԶһȽƫƧľʣԷų
ʿ߼ſȴҹھеλߣΪҪֻľҪĶԲʿ
ҪǾȥܲҵҪϡʵ飬ûм¼ġ
ڻشӪȥδ̫鷳ˡҾڸҵ㶫伢ȵҹٻӪȥұѩݼȥֻո˵ڣǵɫҺȻȰ˵Ĺܱ̿˷ѿ࣬Ǹɴ졣
ɵľӪǹ磬Ϸɭ֣һֱѵд·ͨɱ߾ĳ綼ѩ˵ﵽ綼оգһտɵǱ߾£綼Ҳ֧ܺܿԮ綼ĳбϷ˵ǸвŻŮӣɻʵ۵İܡɼɻҶԱϷ¡裬綼λĿء
ɵפ˭ҷģʵ
ѩ²ң㲻֪
ҧŲݸΪʲôҪ֪ʲô飿
ݼε㲻˽ɾ£Ҳ˵ҹ潫 ְɡöսɱڲɣԽǴֹС޵֡
ӣʦֹסСʱòûаɡУֻ»޵ĸݰɣŻҡ
ֻе֣˺öѪɱݾǧȴϲֶ˵ˡЩŹ֡
ѵ˿ɾӪµĲ᣿ɻ
ѩݼһۣɫЩࡣ
òƲ˵ʲô˰ɡתͷˣٲЩ
ҹ￴ĶֲտֻڸЩҰ伢ܱӣܲˮֻ֣ǸζﻹɬɬġȥһҪһȥνı飬ʱвɫ˵׻ھˣ⽿ӣǼ͵Ķࡣ
ݼԸˬʣҿЦôζɡҵһγҲʲȥءϰ߾ͺˡ
æˣҿûϰߡζԶҪϰߵĺá
ݼң˵ʲôһѩ£û˵ڡ
ɵѲ߰źܽܣҹ۲˰գÿԴѲߵķ϶вȥͬʱǱ̶ľʣûпܡһֻгҹɫڸǣˮˡ
ɫˡǱӪڵȵᣬһˣҡѩ¡ݼ˹ȥһһסӣקĲݴ
˴裬Ҹ˹һҩ裬֤һ˯ǵ·ǰհ۲·ߣǰѩм䣬ݼ
ӭһ˹
ҼɫЩŹ֣ĵĪʶģ
رܣǰ
Էһ£¶Ȼİɫȡ
ҵͷ־衣
ǡ
˴ҡȥ
ݼںѹ㵨ӿ湻ġ
΢΢һЦ²ͣ
Ѳߵ˾ſڡҴһ£ǡˣذ׽һСӣֻһڲ鿴ϣǰĳ
ݼҲ˿ҵͷһӪʣذױסǳĵĲӣһסĿڣʵ㣬Ȼɱ㡣


 53 

ݼסǳʱҺѩ¸Ͽ˽
ҪĶܺңΪǳոտǹڴ¼
¼ʾƻķɾӪβޡ֪˵ʳ˵ʬĶԵ·һߴȾԣ㽫Ŀⶢÿɺʹ֮ǨĴ
ҪֲֲΪʳĶ˵ǴɺʹʿϲҰζֻǳɵʱﶬʱ䣬ǵ˴ѩǵʱֶﶼԼĳѨĴʱҡ
˿ʼоôʳ˵ʬ壬ʼ⣬Ͼ󲢲ʳ⣬ʬͿĨۣǴϲĶһȥȻɹǰʼʵ
յӪŰϢȻ֪Լļƻɹˡһºյ߱ƵϢӪѾʿ׷Ȭǿʼв䶾İ취
ԭžǺߵĲָ֢ıԭƤϳֺ㣬ȷʵ˷䶾֢״ֻǺǰĲκһ𣬼Ϲ˼άҵû뵽ȥ
ҽеϵݸѩ£ҧгݡ
ûпëȻֶޱȵĳ棬һһݷϽʵ¼
ô죿ݼʣɱָָԼǯסˣ¶ֻŰĿ⡣
ʲô֣ʲôģʡ
ССϼһҽ
Ǿҽ¾ˡΪʲôҪ飿ҵ
СҲģǾﷴԵľҽڣڶѾ˴ġϡСˣСˡʱҲôֲ
ѩ¶һۣһޣҪ顣ǽôܣ
ǽĸ˵Ļ൱ڽ˼ҽ
ʲô˵ݼذֱȽЩϼʱѾþòھˣСڶ˵ˣСʵʵǲΥ
ᾹȻĲھС
ҷɿĿһ£
ϼȶһ£С˵Ȼ
ҵ㡣һɱ㣬Ȼʱ취ٻȥСٶȿ졣֪ߴһ£ǻЩãشоߵĽⷽ³ɺ󣬷뿪˴뿪㣬Ҫϡǲϣ
ϼæͷ
ҴӻһֻСӣóһҲʱɫ䡣
ǴĹƵһֶҩƽʼϸġЧʱһΣȱеĸо䲻ҲԶˡҩڴӪñ֤ܰȻصȻϣԼıȽϿһ㡣΢΢һЦа
ϼŴӦˡ
ϼĴ£뿪ĺ˳żʣҪҪǰæܹȥɾдԼҲ֪ЩҪĲΪ֪ġҪ¡ʣܿС
Ҫ߳ӪԶԶһ̧ͷһȴﱼ
ʿǼˣˣǽˣ
̧ͷһΪ׵ŮӶʮ£͸֫ȳƣһ˫üۣͦӱ촽ڷҵķ裬һʱЩǸ˵ֹС޵ҹ潫
󣬼ƯŮˡ
Ҹæֵͷڲʱæźһ˵һߡ
ȴû뵽ҹ潫һɨɨҵʱ򣬺Ȼ۾һеһ㡰㣬


 54 

Ѿ¶ûھдˡȻӪ˵ĸӺͣüͷ
Ӻͣ졣ûæء᲻˵ĺǳתȤȻĿңʱʱԼ
˿̵ĸΧţһҵĻڣһϷۣһɫ壬һҴЬ
ῴҵģ˵ùЦӺͣ㿴㿴ѾͷǲǱȱˣ
ƲƲ죬ԭ󽫾̫Ů࣬˴̼ͻȻƼңһӡֻǣεƾӣȷҪҴˣ
еġˡŴ˫ٻڣ˲ΣһҰײҰףϵ֬úƣ촽ĺո¹Ѫһ˫̲һĴü·ͦÿ·ϵȵ˿ֹ壬ֻΪʲôҪҹͬɫʵص˫ָһֻصĵ񻨽ȻǶԻƽĳɫˣδҲ̫˰ɡ
ˣһվ
ץҵĸ첲ϸҰ죬ֱԽԽ⣬һ˵Ӻͣ˵Ұɿ᲻˵ϳǻŮˡ
Ӻ촽䶯˼£ڷȰ˵һĪı顣
᲻ΪȻˣˣҴӦٻҾϷؾӪԹҵĽ֪ƽһжѣһôҵġ
ʲô֣תͷʡ
ҵֶ֪ء
ǾҪ˳뿪ӪʱǵùѾûлعӪᡣ˿ɵһһΰٻᣬ̤ͬڲ࣬һŮлûᡣǰգڰٻϱԼ˳ЦǻŮˣǷŭһŭ֮»ӰȴſڿҡȻ˵ҺζǶ˵͸һƥҸ綼綼ׯҴ磬ҪȥμӰٻᡣ
ֹѵǰŮ̬û˾¶һЩڡˡĶֹֹһǰңԼѩ¸Сζᵱʱеѩ£ֻԱ¶СΪϸҲᱩ⡣Ͼ£ôڣ΢һ£Ǿˡ
ڣѾϼȫصӪˡϼҳĴӦǺ׵ˡڸϼԵģֻҪ΢һ£֪µҸʺҲϼŪģȾߣҲܡҵĸҩڣܹŵҵĴΪ˱˵ǻҪѰء
ؽҽСߡҹԹԻش
С֣߰Ժͽ߹ӰɡЦ˵һˣ
ҲЩЦãǲһ˰ķˣֻǣôһ˵仰㿴˲ܣҲúܲ˼
ὫҵĳĬﵱĿ飬ɫСߣѵ˾ôί𣿡
һǲ˵ֻǿ̵ģЦ
һǲ˵ʱɫӺæ⺢ӻСԼǱŵˣ
һ
ӺͿҵɫͬ飺۶ųŮˣ˵ˣܰɡ
Сߣս˵ɣֻڷϷģˣϷɡӺº͵˵һ˫峺²ˮҵһϤƺǰļ
վ΢΢ϥͷˣ
Ӿȵϲüˣٽһ㣬Цһ
ֿЦˣϵİ׷µ




ϵĻ𳵣ҲҪǲʱдˡ»𳵣񻹺ã߻дһ㣬֤һ¡
򵽵ڶĻƱϾͻϻ𳵻ûи£Ҳ˵쵽ҵģõĻҲдһ㡣
δ죬ܺúø£ͺŬдȻд£۾ʹˣǰǷοԲҪżŶ
żѾ˹׼¹мôвÿдô࣬ÿ춼дСһ¾ͷˣûдҲҪָ
һҵ¹ڼԼ뵽ϰ󣬹ҲûлдôˣֲôҵǺìܡ
ԣϲżĵѺżһϧѵõңʱɡұҵ󣬻ûʮÿ˯12ء

 56 

綼İٻʵֶǸɫܡ
ϼеӣж˼֦ʻõĶԱ˸ݹЩ
ϴԼǿˣŮǿͻ˵ģʻ֤ԼӸ
ῴŴӣмӹ֬׷ۣҲûЩŮ˶Ϲ۾𣿡
ӺЦ˶мɹòг˰ˡοֻò֮ܵûٻҲûôˡ
ԼԽСʱһйǰͣ
ȥƿҲҪȥȴһֻ˹ӺͣЦȹӺܲϰ߰ɡ
имʹǰҲûдô׸ȹӵľ顣ЦЦʾлϵĽӲڵòôһֲЦȲЦҪˣֻͷллӺ١
˽ȥ⴦йȻĲùģɫ޵ĻŭţеĻ͡ػأӣʻˣӭŴ̵ɫϹźɫĵɫᦣ趯ʮ
ܿһ¥ͣ·С˵콫ɹӾ
˵ͤȴƸ¥ӣµĵ񻨺ľΪǽİɫ͸˿͸Σȥ̨ͬͤﵴ˸о·վƶɸ󣬽ȷʵǱ߽ġ
Ӻƿӣҽȥˣ˳мλ֮˵ɣҴһ㿴
Դһ£Ӻܴ󣬷˴ԼʮжһģҲһ˶ռģŮһȤζĿᣬһ㵵Ŀҵ
ЩֵһӾȻλȵĴЦ
תЦȥʱҲסˡ
ͷһ뷨ԲˣԲǡ
üһ˫ЦЦĿɰָ࣬֬ˡֻǳ࣬һʲôоֻʺΧ˶ڣƫƫֽΧ˲ܺĴڡһ֪ٲ㻹ǼǧɫİٻǴڱֻۻңֻɫˣȴѹ˹âĳСīȾĳһûɢϣֻޱ߲һ伫켫޵ǾޱһͿһˡ
ĵӣȴƫƫŤͷУֻǵķ㼫۵޼Ըѡ
Ӻͼڷæһ¡
æǰϥ񣺡С߼ɹӡ
ɶͷ˦ʱʱµ۵һᣬҪҿˣ


 57 

ᾹȻɫ΢࣬˵
Ǻ㿪Цˡкܵˡ̨ϵӲıԹС
ϽͣûֻǣֻӺ˵Ӫе飬ҲŸϻȥˡôأ
ΧЦЩ̾ҹ潫֮ھӪУǼŶڼһУȻֻһϷˣŪ˵ĽɫΪ˵Ļģķ˾뷽跨֤ԼڼĿеĵλʹ˵ҲǾľˣ߻룬Цңɿ϶ô롣룬ɶģҲԼѳЦ
ĬȻбۿһӺͣˮıǲǾѿ
һᣬֻ֪鼱ɽͣﻹǵΪĬĬֵʱ̨֮˵е
ҵһ˹Żʲôɼͱˡ
ͷ϶кðˡ
ӺǰһɹĪҪǽصΪյˡܲһЦǽҡ
գ΢΢̧°ͣԼͿʺ춹ޢָף𣬰᣿
˿ﻹвӦġ
ðɣǾһ°ɣҵҪʲô½бӿģһЦ˵ˣȴ˵Ŀ̱
Ӻֵ˾ͣĴˣ빫ӿЩʱ䣬׼
ǵı㣬ɱҵ̫á
ӺһӦ£ҳ۾û߿һ¡
ԲСߡҶûȺ˵һšӺε˵ʵǲ
ӺٲѹҲǽµıΪҲӦҵΪһһٸеο
ȥֻ㳪һ֧á֮£Ӧ㣬йһе᲻᣿Ӻ͵
ҵͷӺٲõģСʱ岻ãҲк꣬Ҳѧֻ֧ǣҵͷһϵװ磬ܲҸطһ£Ҳ̫
ӺȻҵ˼æйݵĹ¸һӡ
ҽ赸ߣӺͰȥҼ׺ɫĳСԼϷ׼
ڿԽۿһϵĶϴƺпͲ٣ױĶһ٣֪ǲӺͷԸģ·мףҿһᣬѡһɫȹ
˵ͣϴΣ¶Ƥɫ͹Ȼʲôװ֣ǰŮӣֻҪнģĸûдԼġ
Ҷžӣǳʩۣɫ΢ߣ͵֬ڴȾһ㣬ȥˮӨһߵĴëüƽպЩˢϣŽһֻСëϵɫӰ۾ȥ鶯
ͷ΢鷳һ㣬ҲܴӾӿԼ棬Ǿ򵥵ķ٣󲿷ͷһ٣ഹһߣȻ̳Сõ̶һͷȻһഹ£һֻΡ
һδѩ׳ȹһָµĴɫ˿¶ĲϲȦ˴ǣؿڣʴ˳ϥ·
žգ㲻ֻúʲô
ͻһ֣һֻСëʣմ֬üĻһСɵ
ԾһЦСӡѩϮأǹ˿ףм͸ɴοսỨͬӺȹ߶ĲӺӱ¶˵ջȴֱһĺɫƵ˿ߡ
Сɵ°ͣ·𴿰׵Ĵʯ̣һ˫ЦЦ΢΢Ľëһ˫ˮڲǹӣֻתͿ԰˵깴ȥ毺õĴκһȾһẬݣز˵ߵķ顣
ֻһӾֱºɫ˿ͬҡҷճõߡ
ĵͷǰֻӰ¥ȥĸдʱôŵͣû뵽ᡣ
ҪˣװûпֻǶԾԹˣ͵͵ʲôӦ
һƬһĳĬ


 58 

ӺͶҵ˰գ߲ԾƣͻȻһأȥ۾ֱӣɫȻȾһĨ糺졣
ҵ˼һϲȴδ뵽ѾʮӺ;Ȼˡ顱ķӦȤжȤ
ָӺеĺɫУӺ٣Ǹҵİɡ
ӺҵĻƺгбֵɽ󣬻æеݸңȥãָ⡱ģӺͺ󴥵һһеϣɫ΢ף漴
ĶͷɲǼϸϸĺ飬¶޴ɫҴδԼȻܵϷһŮ˳ɹд֣һֱȣѾܵɤ۵Цʹȥ
ҵͷӺͻæѸٵȥ˿ʰĻңεĽңСģʲôӦõ֫Ӵ
ҼѾòپһĶҪȼˣҲϷŪģӺ٣ǸóȥˣͼɹӸõȼˡ
Ӻ⻰żʲôģͻȻһ˲ңǰһһͣмһ㣬ҿĶֲĸо
ûһعӺѾָҲͷɡɤе
ΪѾָˣϾҲ֪ͬΪŮ飬ֻ¹һͻᷢ׽Ū˰ɣϣʱҪźáƲƲ죬ȻǰǣǸʱһûлصɡ
Ѿѩºݼϼ߹ʮʱ㹻ĻٽϾӦ÷ҪʧٵϢڣӦ֪ϼһ뿪һٽһ㣬ھӦڿӱ޸綼·ϡɾӪ綼ֻһ̣˳뿪õʱй˼࣬Ҫˮ߲ѣֻôڲ˲뿪綼ƽĵɱ߾ͬʱڲʿ»ص
뵽ЩƵ룺֪ѩ»᲻Ϊҵء
ԳǰӺͻȻͣҲײϡ
ûתֻ΢΢ͷüͷ壬ԥ˺ܾã̧ͷңСߣ㲻Ը⡪ͻȻļ㻹ǲҪȥˡ취˵ţʲôһ͸ûмĳͼ㡣
Ҵ㵣ӺͣҲкӣûĽᡣ㲢Ҫұˡռˡ΢΢ڸող׵ľٶȻʶʱ䲻࣬ӺȻһϸŮӣȻͬӪҶȴһݲͬѰĺøУҵһϤжҵӰ죬ҲǸɫŮӡ
¶οЦݣӺ٣㲻õģӦɾӪ棬ܲΪһ֮ʧӪ޹⡣
Ӻ⻰¶һټķ̣ɵʿҪɫ档ǽʿҲбΣһ仰˵ʯϡ
Ҳ˵ֻ
ĥʲôһŭᣬڸ¥Ȳ˱Цˡ
ааһЦȻתͷ֣
ԸԳĿɿڴı飬С¹ܾһۣ¶һЦСŮһŤĲͷ¡
һͷᣬǡˮ㲻ʤĽߡ
һ˲ʯ


 59 

룬ڹϣ˦˦ĺܽʵ
ڼϣָ˫鳣ڳС
һƬž߽һ
Ҽʹ̧ͷҲܸо˵Ŀⶼҵϣҵİ͵ϣҵüĥҼʹ̧ͷҲܸоֱ̨ӣһĿȥ̶̽
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䣬ֱ׹ĵס

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ָ縺ۣô󿪴ϣȷȹƶ׷һָһŮʶϵĽ۹Ǿ衣
ѪѪԣģƫǼݷԾõѪԡḻ֮磬毻֮ƫҪһӾȺѪ죬дݡ
һת͵һᣬıӾ㵵ã·γѣȼɫ£Ȼ΢ϲһķ

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ϵĺͬ˷׷۹⣬˿ѩգȼ棬ѩԾѩ裬ѩתɫɴȹڷеȹϵĻảһһһģ纣Х̾Ϣֵ

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ٶԽԽ죬ʲôͷϷ˳ȥҲᡣΧҲҰģ
صѡôһ׸裬Ҫ޷뻽Ϊһ˵ĽְصɾӪͲŪĻ¡᲻ԴĽı߽ȫϵӰ죬ǻȥͷۺˡ
һˣ˳ȥ


 60 

һصУ׼жױŽٷȴš
ţӺվſڣСߡͻȻסɫ
ҲҿûеϷֺʲôԼϿͷҵĴڼϣ½ҲеɣҼ¶롪һȻʡžͽۺ죬¶
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аЦᰡᣬ֪һģûи֮ˣһԽ˻ӣϾ¥йҪЩ
뵽ҵͷһ·
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룬һɫϵϣžӵͷҾÿԳˡ
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緢־̣ѧʮƽȻԾµȤݣ̿ɣϧһ´ϡܳΪҵĻ֮ھҵԼյļƻ
ֻﻹò׼ԼôģҸһԡԶ˵Сһɹһûʲô⣬ɽһѧĸӾǼ̳ҵȴҲ˵ǴӾ˵Ҫ̳ҵǷӦ֣Ǵߵ˴ӦӦ֮Ȩã⡣
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 61 

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ſһ᷿
һŮӵֶһ£ˮϡ
ܺã㲻ϣ˵һҪײȥء 
С߳ȥ·
ῴһۣӣȥɡ
ҡɫί˳ȥסһС˵аķҸ¡
˵ţӺվ󣺡ɡ
Եһ£ȥ·Ӻ˵ţοĿһۣת뿪
ҹϷţֻӺ·ͽ岻ҪϢӺ͵ĳȻӦҡҾгʱ뿪綼ˡ
ϧ㲻㡣
Ӻ͸ոս·һûļϣһֻССܾʹӴ˽
ᣬǺܺõ㣬ʱ
һᣬһƿߵǰƺһڵϵңȻáװ
ڻεóۣһɻȽǮ㲻ִµȻڶṦ˿һյ裬Ȼƽȡ
;ֲ֪Ūһƥٶȱˡٳ־ӦбٳֵӣҺϵڴ˱һֻһƬƺѾԶŽϣ˺ͬʱһŵڲɻϣٵĴ˳
ɻⱻһæתЦЦĿЦһȻˣôá
İɣʡĲɻôֲŮһǺǵְҵˮ׼ġ˳ǼʶνŮӣҽйݴͷߥ°ȥúһ
һ㶣ε˵ʲôɹôܸ˻һ𡣡
ˣڲǱƹʱ
ָһָһдŮĻ˯ѨȻɿܹȥʼ·
ܲܽҴһ۵װɣԴðײáɢ˰ͷֻͷ˸߸ߵβ
ˣҾӦòˣһߵнеɡ
һӰ˼ҹѩ¡
ʲôʱ򵽵ģʡ
ѩ±ͷ˵
˵Ҳ֪ҰŮ·ʱ͵ˡֻǾðгһ·ƺҲ̫áɴװ֪ڻֻȻŮҲ˼ǰ·ɫ䡣Ǹֻǲ͵
ڽ¥濴˹Ȼ㡣ʲôʱģʡ
ѩµݶӳˡϼؾӪҾһ·ˡ
һ£Ȼݼ֪ѩӣԲһҡ
ҴϷ糾ͣѪ˿һһҹҼûһط̫ͣãѩҲһ·Ϊ˲ҵ٣δƬ̵ЪһůǵҵİΣαաǧﶼ˵ֻǸϿ߰ɡ
ϲɻһ򶫱ȥѩ
˿ʱڿɴӪǱɽ֣߾ȥ
ɴӪѲߵʿƺǰҪЩˣϼʧٵϵĶ·ĵȻ߰ȫ
ţо΢΢𶯣ľʱͣ£תͷȥȻһֳֻѣɳ۶
׷
˶˵ѩΧסϸ֮£жʮ֮ࡣ
ᣬӺͶС


 62 

Ϊ˱·ʿҺѩ²ߴѵС·ǰУȻȴӽɾӪ󣬸С˵ʱ䣬׷ѹ֡
ѩµɫЩףֹȥ֣һ¡
ڲڣҺЦ
ң۾˸Ĺ⣬Ȼִӣˤҵ֣˭ҪϰסǰΧˡ
¹Ķͷϣ͵ĻʴʻüۣǱǣǴҵĿ⹴ֽȻ磬Ҳóԡ
СߣǴˣᶢѩңѹַŭ
΢΢ףЦĬϡ
㵽ʲôĿģ
콫ʲôĿĶ֪浱ǲҵޣһҵ
˵
һǰ
ô£Ϊʲôоҽʡ
˾ȴǫǫ磬ֹһºͣţοĳײ֮ˡ
ѩ¿۾⣬нһ
ΪһƻΪƻµļƻƻҪϼץߣȻ뻹Ȱץȥϸϸʣס
ᶢңԽԽһ֣ץ
ʿǰڻѵӳ£Խ
ΧȦԽԽСѩ½ףһʮҲȥ磬ʿһδγδֺܽȴֹʿҵĲϡ
ѩ¼ұƣ϶һЦѩ£ɲҪ׾ͷˡ
ֻӿһڰΧлͷһۣһ۲ת˲ȴסˡѩµһ䣬ȻģͬߵһĨ¹⣬һȴ˸ӣʣʹ࣬Թޣң
ڴһ̣ҺȻоЩһУޱˡ

֮£Ψ˶ѡ
ֻһѪƽԼľ
Ӻ̲סСߣͶɡҪνķˡ
ҺЦͶδɶ˵ţһЮҵʿֻ̫Ѩһ䣬Ȼءʿæһҳͷϻһɨȥ˴ŷ
ǰϵŵжµӣָУעھȥƿ֮ǲҽΧʮʿ̱衣
ЦŸ߽һѩ£ҡ𣬵һ˼Ծ𣬷ɵҽ֮ƣͷ»ȥһȥΧ
Ҹоѩͷңۣ۾οһЦת£һ֮˵ͷԾϰգϵᣬָһһн󣬷һöƬѾסĲӡ
һоڵʯ䣬Ӻֻüγȴѩ¡Ľ˿ûдϵȥѾǲ
Цúס֣ǽ죡


 63 

ʵûб׷ϣұֱӻشˣϾѩ¸ҿҹһգѾƣͲҲࡣ
վʬԺſڣеɫҲʼס
ӺͱһֱĶĿҲܲԺʬĴߡϾëȻĳֻǰѼ
ģŭ𾪵
˿ɫҰףˮ޽£ЩȻֵڻߵеľû
ǲǣַΪʲôҪ飿ֱԡ
ȻЦΪʲôɾ٣ɱʿʲôֶΣʲôϵҲһְɽʲôΪһˣ²ؾӪĻɢĲȡûȰ𣿽һ𣿾дСһΪľھзʳ綼ƽʱ뵽ҵͼѣ
Ǳض˵ҽ轫ΣԾָֻţ˵ҾĲȨܿսһ޸֮ھӪûκʵôҪڽҸߡߣƫҪһ춯صҵǿԣֶβ̣ԡɽôұѪаѴӪڵļɹ£Ǽ⡣
Ǵãҳһػ£군ˡ˵ҧػ£Ҳǹʺ˺ãҹ˼˿һļƻô׸ˡǺǣҲˣ
ѩɫһ䣺⻰ʲô˼
˿̳ĿܣȻϵѾס˴ķ㡣ϣӦѾԼҲȾˡһ˷ԼҲȾߣӪĻǳ綼ҪͳͳҪϣ
ѩŵ⻰ʶңĿǾ֡
תҵȰǻͶĺãȵǻȥʱֻ´ӪѾӪ˵ܱסһС
Цһ仰ҪȽ仰һ㶼ûд
סᣬܶһһɫҲһһҼԺӵһ̣ҾͷģҪһʼٸʳǲģȴ׷ȻԼԸǲؾܾ
ŵĺһʲô
ҵסѨõϿ˼ӣλѡĺܿûа£ȴѪϣѪݶ
Ͻеס֣
Ӻǰһѩǰ
СߣΪȥĴʿһҧңΪһ֮ʧְң첻ںҲңҪޣҪֵ󲿷Ρ꣬ҡ
ҺЦҪҽʲôǴˣǶǡˡ
ɫһƬҰס
ҽʼµӽԺУʱһӵϣҲûϼǰιʳƺԵĸļӵ༤ңҹɫӳ£ȴԵøĹͿֲ
ĲҽУһһڿտĻҰôͻأܿͽвˣΪĺѾҧƣѪӣ֫ȴã˷ܵĴû
ӺŤͷȥٿ
ڵϵĻһ֧һ֧߽ԺСԺԭв˵ʬ壬ʬ֬մȼʱԺӳһƬ𺣣յ֮֨֨У·ӣȴդУö
ԽԽߣԲﶼӳ
Ż⣺Ҳֻл𣬲ܽһȫսɡ
ɾӪﲻԶӦúܿ˱ɡ
ҽԼϣѩҲһƥϡ
ӺæȥǰҵĿ⸴ӡ
ᣬҲɱ㣬Ϊֻǲ֮ꡣΪ֪һΪģ
ᶢңҧ촽
һ֣ȥѩ


 64 

Ȼֻգչȴʵࡣ
һصӪʱѩڣſڵʿ㲻ҽ
ļȥϼǷãҽȴһˣſһСҴǶڲмĿһۣҳҩˣشͲæˡ
һ˵ҩˣһоһʯͷ˵ء
˸ҹʮʱоۣһתȴѩ»
ȥϢ۰ҵҷĺܣ뵹ͷȥ˯һźá
㣬ѩ¿ңһ£ʵûûоò
΢һ£˵ĸҷзʺأ㿴µ𣿡
ǣɽһû̷ѩ²Ϸɡ
ѩ£Ц
ѩ±ҡĿⶢֱͷȥ㻹Ǹ򿴿ĺá
һЦŲԼûвѵ֪
ѩתͷһеŭ壺ҽҽ㲻֪𣡡
ҺȻɫĴȥץסһֻ֣һϣҾʲôûˡ
ѩ۾һɣžҾͰһ⣬תߡ
޹ģֻҴͷҶѣûһ㲻뷨
ʱݼԼǵõһϢæңһұЦˣڻˡôˣ

еĶ֢ҩȾʿ˺ת
Σʱ˵˼Ҳ𽥱סݼڿһµĽߵĹͶϣǰҥһһҹӪʱɱεҲʼ
ʼ˭ɢҪԹϢ˳ϣǸϸû϶ͱڳˡ׻δϴ̣Ͱһжˣʺ鶼̹˳ԼҲ֪ѾˣʹɣҲû˿ɽ
֪ЩʱѾԺˣΪһֱ˯һȴֹڸҰƲƲ죺µ廹аɡ
ǺЦһߵ˵û£û£ֻ̫ƣ˶ѣ˯Ѿͺˡ
վƽףݼɽһŮҼȴ֪֣ڽˮŲˤȥǸ
󿴣ȴֻһӣ˳ȥ
ֵ֪Ůתͷˣѩ¡תҵͷǸҲųȥˡ
͵֣ȴһһпɶ˰ɡ
ȴûֱӻشңɫЩء
һĪֳµıˡ
ƽҵ㲻õģ򿪵ҩ֢ܿûˡúϢɡ˵ű׵˳ȥˡ
һͷˮת׷ʲôˣȻҩ֢Ϊʲôҿһ㶼ˡ
̾˿ոսӵ㱨ɴ߾£
ʧеʲô


 65 

Ȼҵ֢ҩһʿ֢̫ãҪָҪһʱ䡣
ڵҪ࣬ʱʱȥ鿴һ¾ͺˡ
ʿҵ̬ʮת䣬Ϊֲ֮ǰʧǱֳеԲ
شˣҽѾоöˣܹضȥˡ
شˣ㿴ĺȦˡ
?˯ʱأǴ￴ҵĺȦء
ôǰҪ˳ˡ
ϼڹתһҾɫ԰ף㵽ÿÿʱ¶εı顣˵ȷʵҸ׺һҲºͣɾӪбҿŹڹѰ󱣻ҲȻֻǰԲ룬֪ĿеǲǱҹ
ϼԭǱȲļƻֽݼϼݱܣƽҲԴ˳Ĭ̬ȡƲĺ̸ϼȷǼвŻһˡݼѯҶʲôЦֲǴˣôãҵ¡
ܿҪ뿪˰ɣ룬Щ졣ѩ¿²뿪ӪϾѾս϶ؼʱؾ
̾˿ҷ˷ϵӹĻġڴϴ˸ҺȻеĲڵ˱ӪＸѾæĽŲմأԹǲе֡
˵ֻߵˣһԼû
ǡĺء
ˣ˾
һӣҴӴϷ⿴ȥȴǼʿȫѪԱ˽
򣬹𣿡
˱ӪæݼѾԼӵʿսҽפصʿһ
ȥǣ첻ˣ˺ü˵ʿȦģҪ޳
һۿϵʿһϴĶˣֹѪһ˿ϣûС
ӣ˳ȥϿָָҵľʡ
ʿһңش򣡡æ˱СĵķҵĴϣشȾ
˺½֧Ľ˿ΧѪԱ˿ʮʮӲѪ
˸Ͽˮ˿ϴɾ޻պվƣ˿ڲõĹУµ΢΢Ȼžҵʹȴûзһ
ǸӲŮҡ
ӻȡøԼõֹѪɢ˿ΧһǷˡȻ˱Ạ̊́Ҳٸһ㸺ˡ
ӡıӱ߸ᣬܿͳ˯ȥΧʿȵĿУȡƵ룬˿СĵķȻɴ
ȡ½Ѫġҽ˿ҲɾվȴֲֹոսʿҲվ󿴡
ҵĿƺʲôҪ˵ģҸЦһǱæˣ
ҷģҾΪ̫Ĳȥ˵ġһأ²Ϊ
ͷ
ҶһѧͽȥһѪתһߵʿʱû£˿ǰɰᶯ
ʿŵıһллشллش򣡡
ǶȥɣϢ
Ҳ߳ʣҳ֪л˵һĵطͣ
£ʲôˣҵĿͻȻ


 66 

ʹɽҴԹʷΣҲ˽ɽµʱ£ȴҲʦ۷ɽĸ䣬ǹâѸǵδǰʲôɽԼҲûдŹ棬ȴ˽֪Լ׳ɵĹء
Щ󣬱ضʲô¡
´ЩµģмǸڼįģʹԼڼįҲСмѰ˼ҵӣȴطŲɡɽ䲻ɫȴҲѰʢĴŴɣɲ٣һ֮˲ɽ
ʲôǸķߵٻҫɽǰֲֻᣬͷ·ʮĻȻնϳ˿һ
˶Լܡ
һұųĬ
ֱڽУ˾ʮ롱֣Ҳ־ѹ
ʮǶʦõһ롣ʮ걻ҵٶȺ׼ȷĽƷ͸ҡҺϲ⸱룬һֱš
Ƕʦ֡
ͬϣĪʲô
ûŪʦǰʲôǰҲóȻ͸¶κϢҵĹϵ

ʲôˣ
ôСʮ롯
۾
Ҳÿɷӣ֪ǲǣôˣ
ôܳ˯
ѵѾˣЩ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ץסҵĸ첲۾еңʶģһ
ڶ𾴣û˦ֻ֣ЩѾ޹ءңʲôҲ֪

ҺǲѶôʱϢΪʲôܴݵô졣
죬Һ͹֮䲻飬ִ˾Ӫ
شȻҲ֪빭֮ʲôᣬ˶Ǻˣ϶мʲôᡣǲ֮ңȥ
ǵʮеġ
ش򣬹ʹˣ۹Ϳ˲һǡ
ʮ
£͹
ͷ
޿̣ͣ룬ұ죡һ֣Ͱͳͳɸӣ
תͷѩվ󣬽죬ɫһһࡣ


 67 

ɺʹսѾ졣
ֹۣʹʲôҲҲ֪
˱ˮһ£ҵġһΣ²Ϊڱҳ£ͶݱľС
һ˱ҩԸҩͯùɴͳһˣæеش򣬿죬졪
Ҽ˵ˣҲʣȥ
һҼֱͲһ˿ԳܵˡҼ絽һ˿ڣгӶ˳ʶץŲûе
ΪķδܵˣڲŻӲдҿһ۾ѾһƬ޹⣬ȴֵô
صǣжϣʧѪֽ̫Ѿֳ鴤
ˣˡ
һ˲ĳɣΧʿŵĿҪ޳ش㣬Ⱦ㣬Ǿ˲˳ģ
ش㣬ֻҪȻ±ţ㣡

ҽ̾ϢϿ콫̧ȥõ̧תͷԸҩͯ׼ɢ죡
ﶯһˡ
ֹѪķֻöʮӣʱһֹͣѭĲֽáɶǷǾԲġ
ھҽĴѪӣԺܲã˵Ѿûѡʱ򡣳Ҳ˺üϸϸ޲
ߵҩͯʱʱҲ
Ķϵ߹һӣɴ޻Ѫ㿪ʼϡ˿ڵֹѪ
ҵĴ˵ǺֲܴڣûѪĹߣҲûӦªĵط̸϶ôɾ಻ܳʱ䱩¶ڿУϸȾҲġ
ʹҲ˰ʱȵĽź;УһʱЩֽŷǾƽ󡮲Ѫ׼յҩ
ûдϤҩͯӦ𣬶ǴһߵҩͯҸո˵Ļظһ顣
ոһֱиҲݸֵߵԭҵҩͯһ۵ллתȥ
еոա㴦̸ַ𣿡
Ҷһ£ƿ˹ȥ

ҷԸ׼ҩĵȴҪָźá
ǰԽ£ȾԱ⣬ڸ˵ˡ߲ϵĸʪëͷ¶Ƚһ߽ҩһιȥ
ֻιȥҩ붼˳
ҿ˰գҩ״档ҩˮУҩˮЧãǲڸƶҲմˮְֻ취
ЧڷҪЧҪܱ³Ҫáûа취İ취
ϣɢЧȥˣʼ϶¶ȻǸߵˡ룬ѾȫһһĵĲһֱʱ¶ȲһЩ
ҰһǺ
ֻһϵҩ࣬˿ϵҩˡ
ſỽҡ
߳ȥһҵҩͯһֻͷһҡ
شѾһһҹˣԵ㶫ɡҩͯеҵ
ҳЦЦлл㡣ɳԹˣ
Թˡ
Ҫ࣬һʿ嵽ǰشɺˣ
̧ͷô죬ǰǸʿòҲ
˵ˣǰһιǸ
ʿԼû˱飬Щӣ
ֶˣǰôصˣ˿ڻûȫϣȻսûнˣǰ˿ҪǱˣҲ㹻Ҫ
ôСĵΪΪʲôΪôϧԼ𣡣
ͻȻЩԲ£ʿʱסˣǻΣС̾һھֻܿԼܲܰһˡ
ںүˣӮûнƷ˱һ
ô㶼Ȿ


 68 

¶ڵڶҹʱ֪ǲΪҹĺҪЩ
һҹĲƾ
֪ǰҹģǸƾζѬģҾȻͷеΡӻһ裬ڿУоԺЩ
ʱֽ
ʱʱιЩˮȥȻһ룬ϲǳ޻մˮѵ촽ʪ
ҩͯ˷ͷӰࡣҲȷʵǶˣ̻ʵĳȥҰοؾǺͺˣʱһҪһٵò˳Ը
תһ룬һҪĶӣ־еơ
˿Ѿнƣе㰲οֻǱˣܲȫȴδ֪֮
ʼȡ
һ߸ҩһоҹĺ硣ҩС¯ȼˣɢĺ
ҹ澲
ҵҲܾ
Ѿûѩˡкǲټ˰ɡ
ôùѾôΣٶһβƫƫ̯
뵽ҶΰռҴģİɣôܲģ׸ɡ
Ҳܲĳ

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ҷֵʱҽ˱ӪͬɣźܴܳҹһھӪϷԸȥ
΢֮£һȻһ۽ǻ䡣

Ȼڰҹ˹ɲܶȴת˹
æСô
۾Ķңƺ˺ܾúܾõŷ΢ҡҪȥһи硭磬һˣܼѣһȥ
ս֣͸һػҪȵˣҲաҪǸˣ㵽ʮ˲Ҳ㷭
ˣ¶λõЦݣһģӳȻ󵱽ٺ»ͺܶ࣬ҸȡңڵȡҼǮǸһ֡ġҡһߡˣܿɰܴ
ιһˮᵱӳȻ󵱽һƯӣ͸磬һÿ춼ܿġ
۾ת˹һ˲䷢Ĺ⣬ȴûнࣺĿԣȥˡҾãҡѾ˺ܶˡ
ġ
档

ǰȥ


 69 

ɳսʮ죬һӪ
硣
Ȼʵ۶ⳡսľƿʼżˡӵʥּǰսһҲʿ
ĵܵܶ˵ĻӭʹʣҲóĳ͡˱ңڻŮʱͲ˼СĶսۣΪ˺ˬȣıܵġֱڵ̫Ůֱȷ󣬶ֱΪΪ˱У˾ӡкܶĺá
һڴӵкܸһδڵ̫Ů˹ϵǢǸΪµ
Ұ⣬İӣֻҲǵ˾ͷ
ȡ֮ͱԼʼվڵµĸ߷壬ȡ۵֧֣˳ĴﵽĿġھǵʱ򣬳뾡취£֣һ㣬ľľȻɼ
Ϊһ󽫾ƽȻڴ־룬ǾͳѩºԥԼȡң˵ƽʵվ˳Ķ顣ѩƽΨһĶӣ÷һֱߵĺܽУֻδΨһѡѩ¼޸磬ԼԸΣȴʹ󽫾ľе֮ϣ顣
ҵĶһ£ѩ£Ҳô 

ڳھҽû¶ܶྪ֮ɫȻ˰ҵһи֮ˡ
ҺܲˬǰԸ룬ʵǰΡѲӾҽʱڸһ˱
ʲôʱȴվ˱һߺͶϱе˵ͺñطһ׺ͻɽվ
̸۾תңǺͬĿ⣬ЦȻ߲ţĲŹھǣҽ߳Ҳǳ󡣡
Ҳ֪ģ۾Ǳ̨ʣڿһΧδȡС󣬶һֻ֮һ
΢΢ĴʹһֻĶڿҵġ
ҵһۣȱһƽķԸҩͯҪ׼ҩ߹

ν¹ѻڵ󣬳սϻδɫҲͰ׵ˡ
֮սӼˣΪʼմս󷽵ƺûʸ˵仰ɴ͵ҽ˱ӣԽƶϣӦûдġ
빭󣬹ӸĳټΪʱҽǿܹ
ڵҶʵֻȦ˱ӪæµȻ״Ĳֻһˡڲ˱ھʵҲûжٿɲģ߻ѾϸڵľҽѾæûʱ¼ˡ洫
üͷ˳ȥвʿ˱˳߻ʿŶغʱߵʿʲôˣ
ʿԳѯʣæ׽ʿȫԼĸλ
Ҳ˵ڵľѾصսȱڡ
ҿһϻŹ̶֫ģʿҲվ˶һͷϲűģϻѪǵһƬȻ
ĵ׵ŭϴڡ
߹ȥռ˱ǰ棬סȥ·
ҷȻʲô
غ˱Ӫſڵʿ˾Ȼݼ
ݼңɫｫʿһӣս
һָ˱еһˣΪ˳սֹۣδòͷе˿ǣ죬վһʱȹǹۡ˱սȥʲôãΪ˴𣿣
ݼһվмشǾԸģÿ
ݼеĿңｫҲúþãų˲ߡиõİ취Ҳᡭûа취飡
ƨûа취סųڣҵ·˰һ˱վ֣ЦشˡǶ֪ĳã׽Ҳǲѣοɽ
ҶĻͷתݼڻȥף󽫾ŵңҽ񶼹ҹܣ˲ø棡Ҹ㣬ûҵˣ˭Ҳ׼˱Ӫһ
ػ£󵨣ΥʿҪҡ
ЦվڵУһ˭ңԣҲҲ˱Ӫһӡ
ݼںֹһϺ
ס֣
״Ӿҽ˽ᣬһ˫۾˹ʲôɱûдǵҪȴˣĿһɨһʿֵ̿ĵͷݼҲվһߣǲ
ֽͷתңעһشǸʿβģµģ⣬󽫾ǣֱ߽ǰҽ¹ϽǡѾˣҲͽˣҳֿϣش򡪡ҪԽԼְ𣡣
ļҪ̲סҪƿڴ
׼Ҳ˵ݼߣ
ݼ̵ǡҶ࿴һۣʿִ
ҳɰǧͷһ˲Դת˱һ̣̲ס󲽹ȥ˱ǰ档
ɫ࣬ŭػ£
һ졣ҧ̧ͷһʱ䣡һһĴ𸴣ҵĽҵԸѵŻڼزذ򣬴ûУûСҲû˫ַϡһʹģ˵̸У˵ǿķʽ
㲻̫Ҫˡ
һʱ䣡һ𣬲һ˿
оȻһϲѭȥǳ硣
һʱ䣬ܸһĴ𸴣Ҿʹ󽫾ｫӦ㣬˱Ӫҵ
ζӣָָģл¡


 70 

վķǰ
ʿķһ㶼Сǵ嶼ǻᣬһֲֻڵСչ㽫ǻߣҶ
գҶҲĻΪ·ÿ춼ڳ֣صķͷ˼Ǻš
ҲˡЩսɳϵģ岻ߣֻԶĸڲΪ֪ĳ֪ǻ᳤һݻһС
˵ӣǳ˵ʬϵģѪԽʢԽá
ԭãǺܶĺ̵ܲһִ˵
ȴϣġȥһõӣǵá
ôؼңôҪȥΪʲôСһ㣬ηһ㣬ΪʲôҪ嵽ǰ棬ôˣôǣңΪʲôôصˣҪսҪˣ
ҡ
صغֻܾзػص䴵ӡҵȻָԶԶȥһĺСͷķسжôĿܾãǹ徻һ㣬ڵ׻ǳİ
شˡ
һֲϵʿվ֪רʿġ
ȥɣ̫أٺãҲܲˡϱ
أҲ
ңϱһ£ȱĻ¶һͰ΢Цȴڸֲϵ£ԵøˣǴѾˣңѾϰˡ
ش㻹ǿȥɡѾûʲôָˡɻкܶ˵أϱ˵
΢΢𣬺۾
ת뿪Ҳˡ

ȥѩ¡
ȻѾ֪һ֮Լ
ô죿ѩ¿żɽʡ
Ҫİҵ
˵ɣΧڣһȫԸѩµͷ

Ҫ֪ɳ˫ı֣ж٣˭ֲΣдӿʼеսҿڵ
ѩƳ˿˺һ˵ЩҪľ»ܣҲܡ
ǰһץסֱ֣۾Ҫ֪Щʲôˡѩ£ֻܰҡ
ѩ㶵ңԥҡ
һᶨǵڶ飡㻹ǵðɣӦңֻҪҴӦߣΪ顣ѾҪĳŵ˵ʲô鶼Եģ
ѩ峺ﵹӰҵӡǴûӽ˴˵ϢԸо
һûзӦͱѩ˦֣糺졣
һ޵ڿɢ
ҿѩ°ֱϱҵճĺۣҲԼ̫±çˡ԰գȴѩҴӦ㡣
ϲһ̧ͷȴӭѩ۹⣬ģǴԥǣľ𣿡
Цмһ˿ɬǶǧ֮⣬ڻھǣҿԵһжڡɡǰǲӲܣ˱ӪôˣҲ죬иˣҵǲǶ̤·
ѩ£һΣҲΪ㣬ΪҵĶŮ鳤ίԼΪҵģΪҺɵˣΪνĴȱΪαͬ顪Ӧø˵ģⲻΰ𣬲ǿԱǧ˼סķṦΰ𣬲ǿķ׾
ΪʲôҾǡ˲ء
ѩ£ѩ£Ϊʲô
ѩңĬȻȻ˹˫ֳɵ̧̧סҵı֡
Ҿȵ̧ͷ
ѩµԲ

ڶϣ߽ʡ磬ƽ׶ڡǺĬı˴˿˿Ŀⶼϡ
ҽһżڰϡ
ƽż㣬չһɫ䣬ʶֱвһĿֽƶ˺üأ𽥼
ֽݸһߵĳ磬۾ȴӥһңģ
ҵͷ²šתֽ첻Ŀҵĳ磻¶ֳŵ˵꣬Ƿһ˳⡣

ֻֽа˸֣ѳԮ綼


 71 

ɺʹ겻ϣҲΪ˴ģγ⣬˭Ҳֲúõľ档ĽȴγһȽϳõĺƽʱ
֮ǰԲûȫĹ滮޼ɵĴٽȷ֮ǰ˴սһ̾綼Ԯ
һУɾӪ綼һκ˽⡣ɵľΪ뿪ʼɢҲŬάһԿƵķΧ
綼Ϊ괦ںԮĵλʼǰߵ̷İʧȥӦоġﾹȻΪ˿ϷˣĶҲԿ綼ɾ֮䲢ûһôʱĸƽ綼Ķ־ʴ綼ĵ棬ҳ綼۲쵽ǵķ񣬿ѡǱʲôʲôѵ顣
綼ܵģĴɾӾͿǸܵСԶϺ·ȻҪԮ綼οɾӪ綼һͬλڹؼʱ綼ˣ綼᲻Σյֱһ˵
Ҫ֪ˣǾԲüܵһίġ
ڹ˽ᶼûз綼ɡ
ΧκԲƶĸԴ
Ĺؼǣ͵Ϯ綼ΪпģƻԮͲҵˡ

պ󣬾б鴫̫ŮԮӶֱȡ綼
Ԯ񣬾סɲţ׷ʹ
ҹ綼ϮͬʱʼΪһ𣬷׷׻ӣ𣬳Ȼ𣬹˴ʧˣץˣӰץһˣһʺֶǱˡ
綼Σȡ
᲻òԮ
˵µĺܴæ˳˻󺰣ɾˣ綼ˣҪˣӰ
Ļ̻̣һ˵ĶͶʱˡҲȣʿֹȴҲѶԼߣԼͻᱻ
ʱ糱ӵں׷ϣս޵죬ӵɱԽ֣̿һ·ҼףǺ
ݺ㣬ɱһģĲ̤˹롣
һȣ׷գѾ׷綼¡˿Ȼ𣬿ԭĳǱҲ˵Ȼûһر
Щ˵ɱɱвᣬ޴İȴ˿õãӳȥԭ龰ҪصĳҲԭǱ綼Żĳס

ڶգֽһֽ뽫ʡ
׷þա

ҷԮǼ٣սȱ档ڵǿսеһ綼Ѿ׬ˡǼ׷ȥƼӱҲǿܵġοսԽԳԽǲ
ܿ죬ƽӹ綼֣ţ̻ҪŵȨΪʧȥӵıƽұӣƽɱˣ٣/аգոϴǵɱ̬ͬȷܹһЩԺĽӹȻ̸϶˳ȴҲû⵽ֿ

ֹգңڴոҩġ
ϵҩһۣô⼸첻
ѾꡣҪ飬ҸùܵķΧֲͣĵһ̴Ҫи˵ռйһǲС£ǽ綼ΪУǻ𣬻öԷǮأͲڵǾ⣬漰ĹȨƾǻʹһλɫ
ɲó˳ǣôζŻһսҪΪԼʱ߱ôѡ綼ǽ˳ǸøΪս⳥Ͼս𷽣ǱеΡ
Ҫ򣬽Ҫô𣻲ĻصĻӦҪ𣬸õĻԺδΪ硪˵ףҲСӦùܵġ
һе˼Բ벻⣬ԼĿİɡ
ץĸ١׵
Ȼץסˣüɫ
һСߵĳ̧۵֮ǰȥɵֻѩ¡Ȼѩ£ɡ
ȻǳĳĬ
ҽƤСһ˦ðɣ㵽˵ʲô˫һۿ
ϣȰᣬɵ̸иԥһᣬ˵Ŀġ


 72 

Ȱ
Ȱͷʲô
ҿǺܲҴȥһлأ
ʹ᲻ͶȥҲкӹɾɢԷսɾ˲أһҪĳУȥҲҪȥƤҵãҪ֪֮ӦøϽǡ
ҪҪȥȰԸȰӺͣûôᣬҲҪԼһʱ䣬ɢľٺٳǰˣҲܰѺúһʿŪĺں֮һвȣɢ󻹰Լݽˡ

ʵĸٹȥ
׼Ҳᣬȴĸ٣Щ⣬Ǹҡ
ʰϵҩģǿӺͣֻ޹һֻϣڸյӲźá
ߵ²Ӫſڣȴһ
ͷǳ硣
ôôù
һң̵ͷȴǸоɨĿЦк
˵ǰӡ󲻹һĸˣƣһ࣬һ٣һսȴǲٷŹˡ˽һ綼ǵй¶˳ȥͲһǵĸ·ᶢң£ңֻ»ɱңҲȥ̫Ů
ѩҿǾˣʵı̤˻ˮ׼ûСȻϵĺڿĿ⣬Ǿò
ȫС硣֪Ľѩ£ȴվڴϿǣһĻᣬ˿û˽ѹҡҸĲȻҪʵ֣Ҳôס
Ԯ˭ԮأѡԼĴС̫Ů˭֪̫Ụ̊˵̫ŮҪ˻ԼھϵûѹھֻʮоŸšѡκˣҥԵĿŶȣۿۡ
ճǣ￪ʼգôմĻ󣬶ʧ٣ѡ˿ܼȸߣլͬʱһҪѰĳһʹѰаգҲоܵвôǺĿԾͼӴҪʱ䰲ѶҲӴ
ԮǱȻνӱǲսܣЩɾиߺɾ˵ˣȻȰŵİɡأЧǳĺãɾƣ˳綼綼ڹԮʱ򣬲òѱĽ˳Բ²⣬綼ͷٵˣֻҲǳء
жǳֱʣҲ֪ҿԿ϶Բ١٣ҳıߵ鱻ȫšߵľҲˣԭرԼҲѷɫء
˴֣ˣʱʱݣִϵһˣ뽫̫Ů˭˵ܣ
նûмбءЦǵһ²Ӫɣ֪˭أ
ǽҲҵ׻˵ĺã±͵±ǡ
Ҳˬˣ˭ƨ£
ѿ죬¶һĲЦݣȻ


 73 

һѩµĻҲ˵⻰
΢㶣ЦȻɹӡӻò٣ֻЩ˲̡ۻ֮ģֻҪһͷء
ǳ֮ӣǰһֱڲ룬ӵˣҲץԲŰڲһ䡣ץסˣײˣûУҲֻſںߵġ˵ΪϲŮɫء
ڼĵĺ껨ûȤȥˣָǰ軵޵صƯŮһӣ;ᷳ˵綼֮䵽ϣġ͡СԵֲ˼Ļɢôӵء
Ҫǣһͷʻȫ۵˿վߣ붼Ҫجΰ
ҹһЦǷҪ߽ȥȴѩһңͺüĶһɿתͷȥ촽Ľġ
ֻԴ˵һֻʣһ군ˡ

һ֣ҲȥҲˡڵһһƶ籨棬ǲܵġ
˹ȻˣʹҲȱ͡ʿɫﱬЩɲݡ
ɹһģԼĵҲһӣεİҪļɵ֣͡
˹ȥǼʿЦǼб򽫾Ȣȥҿҳԣѵˣ
ʿһңæش򡣡ȻڨڨҲģ˵˵
һţЦǾ͸ǰ˵ˣǳԷļһȥ
ʿЦҰ
ŵģǴĿˣ˵Ҫд󸻹ǻǹܺԼһų죬СԺֺöҰѵ
ʿЦæҲӦ
תɣҲ۴ҡ
ɹɻסϰߣЦ
ɫһ˭ҳЦӣ
΢΢Ƿҽػ¡
΢΢һ㶣Ǹߵľҽ
ǳЦ߲ɲǾҽ
ɶңƺҺܲȴ¶Իɫ㣬Բԣ
ҺЦ
ҴҰ죬ɵ綼𣿡
һ񣻡ɹӾ񻹲¾͸ˣϣ´μʱ򣬹ӻָշ绪
۾ҵƶԻ˼ȻеʶʶһСߵġ㳤߷ƣӦֵܰɣ
뵽СҵֵܣҲǺˡ
Ц߿ܼںŭСվסơ

ϴμʱкܶ಻ͬ
Ȼӽ׷ѩʱֿ񣬵㲺ݵգӡ
콫ҽһ
عͷĮȻһۣ漴۾ɵǡСߣ
ҺЦҽػ¡
վߵε˱ߣңԭػ¡üͷͻȻԣ㲻ǾҽΪʲôṦ򣿡
콫²Ǿҽ׵ʵºܺ棬ΪʲôѡǸʱϤӦôçײˡΪʲôҪԲǳʱʱͣ»
ᶢҰ̣һʲôʱҪ𣿡
ǽ͵һʰաҵͷոȥɹˣȻ鲻̫ã񲻴ҲûܵʲôŰ㾡ɷġ
һӺЩΣ૵Ҫʲôֲʲôˡ
ҵĴǣҪЦˣҪˣҪȥӺ٣ҲܵĽ״ء
ҪߣȻץסҵĸ첲ȵȡ
Ҵ㵵Ŀµ˵ܻšصɣ˵ĻϺһȥ𣿡



 74 

Ӻ͵ʱҼоΣɹ̫һɫƽȻ
ߵǰһ㣬ͻȻԼƺûбҪˡ
Ӻתͷһɲǣ룬ȻЦһֱ룬᲻㡣ֻߣ᲻ң
֪ˣҹĵ𣿡
ӺһۣԶº͵Цϰˣͺˡ
ϰ߰ҵЦỹһŻأҲȥ𣿡
ˣ

˵ʲôûУӺͻȻеŵʡ
ӣеƣǸһ㲻㡰ʲô֮Ļ
Ӻ̽Ŀ˿ңֻعͷη죺ߺ󡣽صУͨûйΪʲôģҲûһڴ顣Ǻܶ˶ιͷϣΪʹɱͬʱҲ˶Խ̫ΪķϾ⼸££˺ܶģԴʿҪΪ𡣽ȻòʱȴǴӦˡ
˵ͣһ£Ȼڱ˿ھҪѹҾáתͷңΪ㣡
ұӺ֪ͣ˵ʲô𣿡
ӺͿһۣεЦЦ˽Լ˽⡣
ҺվȻҲ֪Լһɫÿ
ȰİɡӺ;ȻһƳĿģʵֻҪ㿪ڣһӦ
ҧתҲȰģȰġ
ӺҰΣ̾˿ûоԼȥǰǲġ
΢΢üëа⣬ǸòӺᵽʲôϵܾӺûҿô򵥡
˼ǣͶͶ᲻ͶҲͶ
ӺüЦǡ
㲻֪᲻Ͷɻʲôҵ
֪
ԼΪ룬˵᣿¶Ц
ӺЦĺ̹ףǵġ
ΪôҪ
֪ȷʵôġӺ͵һϣЦеƻ
ҵأּ۾͵ػǮҲ
˵˵Ӻһֻֿı顣
Ҫ֪ĹϵȻɶҪҵҳϣ
ˣӺͣĻشʲôأ
ϻشңһġ뿪


 75 

ҴӦ㡣Ӻܸɴ
ͣסŲˡ
ӺĬһ᣺ûбѡ񡣲𣿡
̾һϣӦ飬Ҳ̫ԿϢɡ
ӺͳɵڲҪҸڡ
΢΢ͷҵҲʲôȫĵط˷ҵĶ˵꣬뿪˷²Ӫ

صʣȴһ棬ҵ
վſھĿڿһˮī
ѩ£߰棬Ȼûзҵĵֻҵһֽʲô
վ󣬵ֽܺأҪһʹʹ
ѩ¼ҪһײϣȻϿתһ˫дŻţʲôʱģ
ӵʱģǺþòģȱ˰ءҵ٩˵ɫְֺףתȥ
ֻǡе㣬ȵĲšͼʲô
͵Цеʲô飿
ѩ¶ڵ֪׽Ȱᡣ
Ц֪Ůװ飿
ѩµ˵ġ˵꣬װ򾲵Ŀңƺ뿴ʲôӦ
ȻأЦЦ
Ȱ̧ͷң㲻Ӧ˰ɣ
ӣϣҴӦǲӦ
ѩ²˵ƵĿһҲ֪

ѩ˵ϣԴΪأԹΪأǿԼȥ˵Ͷ˵ѩ¶ҿܻһ壬Լҹ˶ӣһ̫С˵ϣȥԸίԼΨһĿܾǣȫǱָʹȰ˵ңܹ֮жҡ
˵֪
Ҽֱǲ֪ʲôԼĸо
ѩ¾Ȼԥ
ͷһμΪһԥǿʼʫ磬ǺӪߣû˿ԥӦҡ
죬Ȼԥ᲻ȷ
Ұס֣㲻ϣ̫ԿԸң
۾һϲĿ
ҳû»ָкܺã˵ˣɲŶ


 76 

ش򣬶Բסˡʿվǰһɫæּһ䣺϶ʲôᣬشԲˡ
ǳǳһЦԲð𣿡
ʿΪѵĿһۣԱߵŮӵˣҲܲ
ǱӵŮˣ֪ʲôˡ·һƽӳѩµֱ˾
һۣܾһᱨһ֮ҰϳΣ죬ְҽ
ƵǣҾȻܷ
ʿѺھӪҡУΧʿ˽׷ס
һ˹סǵȥ·
ݼ
ΪʲôҪѺʲôݼŭ
·һЦһʲôͨѹ㲻
ݼһ£Ȼеܣ϶Ūˣ
·һĿһۣܣ֪ʲôǴ󽫾µʲô͸ȥ˵ɡ
ݼ죬ҧȥ
·һƽһһۣߡ

ηûã·һƽָһ䷿ͷ
ͷͷ󺹣˿ңֿ˿·һƽֻýŴ򿪡
˽ȥã㳱ʪҲûʲôֵĳӣֻһɻŲ֪ǺˮѪˮʲôöζüͷ
һźˣȻƵ
һ˲ʶ
һ
۾ɵĴģ˹һʮ룬Ȼеôᱻؽˣ㣬㡪
̧ۿһۣ¶һӶı飬ȻµĵݣĿ
ҲҲӦ̬ȣӷŭץ˽еСػ£㲻ǴΪʲôؽ
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а죬ʼĿ֣Ц䣬ģҲᷳˣ졣

ηˣÿ챻ȥΣʱʲô컹ҪͻϮһλһθƣ
нͳͳᡣҹڣĻţҲƽϵֻ˼ݣͷ˯õ̫ôߵĽҲϰˡ

˵죬ᣬǵôˡͷҵ顣
Ц콫֪ػлɱ׽㣬ȴߡΪһˣ֪·㡣Σ˽ŵзѾصйҪΪףһɽʿΪ󽫾նʾڣ
һôᣬŪˡػ´ûС
۾ûУûʲô콫άòʲô˽ɣػ¿κߣļƻʧܵҪ֮һ˵ӺΪӦûʲôΪһ˵ɣһ٣˵ʲô
ûУһ˫ȭգȻǿһЦһССĴҽҹ潫ʲôϵ
׹۲һֵػ֮ǰΪ߾ľıѹĿȷʵ󡣲ʵǰǴӽʲôôŵôڴʽ£ߣҪ֪ءұҲŵģ򽫾һλᡣҲˡ
ʲôתͷ
ػ˵Ͷһ˵ܹƲϵġʹʲôҲŴ˵ȰĻȴһδᡣȻˣҲ޻˵ˡ̾˿
ᱻô
ѹôƳһᣬĪûһ
۾͵ͻȻ˭ͨ

ڶ磬ݼͷҵľ£ŷġ
ôֲףôΪѹ߶ţһ£Ͷˣĸٺ͸ڻмҲ½ͶֵǣͶ֮һȻҪų
ȻԤеϢһһֲ߻Ľҵ廹̲ס¡ڵҰɡ
ݼЦûᡣ߰ɣɲʲôõط˵뿪Ρ


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ΪͶɵ̸бûʲô
Ľ綼ΪһԻƽء⣬绹ʮĸսĽʿҾİ
ҲͨΪʹ̫Ůû˵ʲôߵĸʹȴ飬Ϊʮ̫֣Ҫ⳥ΪʮǿӲĶˣ綼ҲУѾƽٶʵǽܲˡǲӦҲûа취ֻٴһˡ
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ǿ⳥ʮһ˫ԽܵĿ
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Ϊʹ̸УҪ׵ġ˫ѾͣսЭΪ¶ʹЭϣƺ̫ϷˡȻ磬ƽ˱ʾԼĲȴҲûвʲôʵʵӰ졣
һɸΪһվضҪڵûãҪȼ˻˵

Ȼľõİȴûܶеһλ档
һλ棬ֻƽһˡ
ʰðѵôھУŮ־ķĲŻѵҪûһССĺԺ𣿡ƽȴ¶͵ĿǰĮ˿̵Ҳ͸źͰ
ľˣҲֻбĵʶ۷Ȼİ͸Ӳȴòʸģܹͳʮ߾ʮʢ֮£ʵ
뵽ҲһøУ˸־²һССĽ齳־ɽˮСο£ڶ࣬໪²࣬ٻ²١˵Ƿһ񣬡أ¸ǡ

Ҫ߳ӪȻﱼ涼ʶˣɽݼ
Ҫߣݼ¶ᡣ
ЦЦһԹ࣬ĺҰһ
ݼյһ첻ˣʲôϲţҪ硪Ǻαһʼֳ
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ҵͷ
ͲСһǳƽϢϢֻúñءУĶƴ
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Ӫȥһ죬ȴǽȻͬǸʱڵ̶һʱ䣬ҾȻһֺѾ˺ܾһĸооδеꡣ
λأ͡һӣȥٻͷ

Ҽҵˡ
ѩºѪڵң⻹һˣӺ˭
ѾΪӺͱһҪû;ĽСҽã˵ΪƣҲΪѩµ
ףΪƽһ飬ΪҲûбҪá֪ѩΪҳ˶
ѩ±ҿֱȥ
ʲôʱؾǣʡ
֪Ҫ˼ѩ»ش𣬡·ϱأСİȫ
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Ӻһһֱû˵ֻѩˣŵܾԽԽ͸ˡ
𣿡ЦЦĿ
ұΪƽӹȴһˣұΪ㱾ºͣȴû뵽ĹϺݾΪȻ׳־ͼıȴˣԶǷǡӺȻһº͵Ŀ˵Լ뷨һ׿ˮĳɷһ
ôױ͸ǺܳԿЦ
ģǲ̫ˣͻȻɫһݣҴûмࡣ
һΪĺܺأɫģһۣһ֣ǰȥ
Ӻͻ˾ӪһۣĸȻϡ

ᲢҵˣȴǼſļһҪͶԲǶ֮飬֮ов˵ͷӡβԼͶĻʹܻɣ³Σȴ˿ûͷ
ԼʹӺͣ˵ĿҲ΢΢ϤҲͷ
ǸܱŤˡ֮ǰɶ꣬뾡취ϲϧԼϧǧָұ㿴Ǹ᳦ֹ֮ˡᲢ˽ңҲܸʱͻȥ˽⡣˴һʼǸС߾ǼٵģòǼٵģҲǼٵģϲˡСߡȴҲ֪СߡǸŮˣǼٵġῪʼԻǵڵĻң˺һ㣬ȴаյġ
Һܱɵһ㣬ȴҲɫȥȰ
ǽģȻϲСߣ֪СǼٵ£ҵαװضҲ񣬶ҵĿĲСҪ˵ɹʺܵ͡ʹɹˣҲǷһ飬ºһ᲻Ϊ͸᣿ֿܣһվ԰ӱˣҪ
ʲôˣô飡
ͶôͲڷˡңҵļƲ߳ηס죬ЧǺõĳ档
ӺȻҵֶ΢ʣȴҲܲϣǶ˫õİ취ͶΣƽʱ˱ֻ֤ҪԡСߡһ˿⣬Ϊ˱֤ûСʲôһұ־룬ʵϾǶ룬ϾŮŮһɡ

Զľ 
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 Ȼ켣 ȴת˲޴Ѱ
Զľ 
 ˲޴Ѱ 
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Զľ 
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 78 

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ĺǣ·Ͻӵż㣬Ȼûԣص˼ȴԾȻֽϡ
ǣʦĪҲӣȴûеʦҪӵġҴڼвʲôΪ֮·Ҳļݳ޵λع顣Ψһ˲ģӺԸҺƺһ¶ıԡڹ;һվǶģϾʰİæܳ
֪ӺһԶ37ĿˮȻҲзǱʣֶº΢̬һ·ϾȻ絽ҹӣڱ֡ܣܾرܡԭ£һȻ׷졣
ȻӺû˵ʲôܾҲеԲоλһֱؾǣҵǵŴԺӾͲˡһһ뿪ջӺ̾ʹӦˡ
;һҿջ򵥳˵㶫ҺӺ;·
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ӺͿʼûзܴое⡣
ѵǳˣɻ󣬵оҪؾǵģǸʱ˶ҲǸãαڰ·ϸϡ
ܲʲôɽ·԰ɡ
Ӻ͵Сĵ㡣
Ӻ͵ͷ
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ҷɽµʱ˳ڵץһɳһӰ˳˳ȥһһʱУҽһѪ۾ȥҲ˾ȻףƷ罫ɳʯɨ䣬ֽѾеļ˹
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û뵽Ӻ͵Ĺ򵹻ָֻܹӵͺˡЦЦһ㶼ҷɽ£Ӻͳֽеʱ򣬱Цˡ
ӺõĽǡƮ㽣
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ҵƮ㽣Ǵʦ̵ġ
һòҲƣĪʲôϵ
ҺͷʹʦһûиڴʦҲˣѵҲʮ̫ˣ
Һ˼ˣӺǱҲˡ
ӺҲͻվԱ߿
ЦⲻǸֵĻû뵽ĽȻʹãʲô֣
Ӻɫһ䣬һģʲô͵Ϯǡ
Ӻ;ḻһڡ
˭ģӺʡ
ǻڱѨҲӲãֻŭֺ޵ĿһۣͻȻɫһ䣬Ѫ
һǰ̽Ϣ
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Ӻһۣ㵽ʲôȱ£Ȼ˳ʿҪ
򾩳ǷоΡȻĳǹϷƺһ㵭Ѫɫ


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Ϊصǣٿʡһʱ䣬û뵽ǰӭӵȴһɱ
ָ֪ʹ˭
ȷʵߡ
һܾ򾩳ȥȴھԼĵطԶԶһ·ţڵȴʲôˡ
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ֱʮҷŵţ㡪
һ˫۾ѾЦҪˣĴܵҵǰɫĳ°ӳĺͮͮȥ뵽ɿڡ֡
ôŷ²صĶ硣ҵ˺ü죬ڵõѾ뿪Ϣһ죬켱ˡźһıԹȴûа챧Թı顣
·˼طԻصЩҿ˿е̫µѾʼȣͷҵʱΪȻڳбʱֲ͵סӡ
Ҽͷкһһŷָոץʯֶǻҡ
ż˻ȥһץס
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ҿЦãֲ˸ҪʲôҪ֣ſңҵĲ˲ð
ֽȴӣᣬѾܾ෴ܾĵܵһЩеʱȴ˾÷ĺů
ЦҺӺѾһ·ȫǺˮ·ҲǻҡûȥٺõĲҲԲȥ
ŷ˸ۣתͷһѾӺͣӺͣ
ҵͷ뵽Ӻͻ֪ŵݣӺͣǾŻӵ¡
ӺȻЩԾȴûг˹Ӻͼŵ¡
ŵͷ֪飬ԺúøŻ°ɣֶûУһֱġҵұҵİһ˵Υƣ֪Ļ鷳ҲСһֲģǹô۽絹͡ؼʱܲɲóᣬƽβͿ϶Ҫϸߣ㿴ûķ
һ˵治飬ۿһǲ̶ͬЩɫ䣬Ҳ͵͵úЦ
ţ㻹˽⡣
ŽϳЩ͸ȡϵһֻ໨ӣҡ
ҽӹ־ȻǱģʱеһˬ˿˿壬˾һ
ú𣿡ŹעĿҡ
ҵͷúȣֱ
ŶʱЦ˻ġ
ҲĿ˿е롣
ŵ֪˺ܺãɽǳ˼ңվҪġһʱѧᣬ뵽⼸ȣ·ǿڿʣԸæѧ˵˵츳أֻʮΣѧ˾ŷˡ
˵˵ѧḶ́еɽûйһܰոձɱʱֳغһɨգеЩƣ룬ڳ˯ˡ

˵ˣȻһ˵ϢڶߴЩȻ˵˯ţȻͻȻʶʲôʱˢĺˣ͵ۿȥػº۾磬Ϣƽȣ˯㡣ԼǳĵԭųڵĲȣ˹
ԥ˰죬Ѫǵÿðˣųɵȥķ˹ͷԼϥϣֽͷСĵĸ
˯Ӧûɡ룬Ŀ쵽ɤۡ


 80 

Ҳ֪˯˶ãֱŽҡѡ
һȻԼϣæԲ˯̫ˡ
ǿ򶨣һĻش𣺡á
ˡ
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Ҳ˵ҧҧֵĲȥҵĹҲڸӷ
ҵĹӣѿڵѩ£ҲҲǣѩ¶ȻǺѺͷ²һͬؾ絽˵ĻȻûе
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ͻȻһ֣򰢾ŵҲȥ϶ʱ¶ʧɫЦҵĴؼԼһٷʢϴ磬࣬ǲĻһԷΣ
žϲģ
΢Цŵͷ
ǡַָָԥǡ
ҴЦһʲô飿ǳǵģǳǵģ
ŶʱʲôĶ׵Ժ󣬶ԴȥңҪ죡

ڶ죬ҼĿҵ⡣
ʱ䳣޷ʲô顣ĸѾеĸƹѧϰÿȥʱƹ˺䵭棬ǸԴܴ򶯵ˡǰǶ£˵̵ֻһЩƺ޷УֻҪദʱ䣬ܵõϿˡ
мãҹ۲㣬㣬ãö֮ģСȻСҲĸ˱ȽȡҵǿĵܣͲȴ飬ֻԹɫǴģܵϲҲϲŮֻо꣬ʮһҪΪٻҪꡣ
ҵͷĵӣҪ󣬶ЩвﰲŵٺãҲи˿̫СģȻǽüѡһɽ˵⵹Ǹѡֻñܹ֪ǵĹϵֻһнҼ޳ȥ˱㶼˿ˡ
ͷ
˵ͯС㣬
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ЦǸˡǱȥɣġ
˴һңæһˣĶӣҺ
Сľֵ֮СĶݡǸмɫϿңҪȥ
æǰһֻǾ֮ͣҲ˶񡣡
ЦŶűǣЩĿŸոڵϵֽܵĺӣúǿɰ۵Сһңʲô֣ˣ
СкڵĴ۾Ŀ˿֣ԼһۣŹԹԵҽꡣ
סˡִ⺢Ӱ죬°ͺͱӵȻЩơ
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 81 

ͻȻݡ
ѶȻûдϵ޶ұֳĬĻҲһ֪Ǹ˵˵أ
СĿֿĸסôСС֪ʲôĺˣ֪ʲô
ֶСԸԸҵĵӣ
Сͷ룺ʲôӣ
ҵҵĵӣͻкܶܶתǣҪʲôͼĶԡǣҵĻܹԺܹԡ
ңΪʦ뾡˰취ҵͬ⡣ȴҪһ޹ϵСΪӣ鶨Ȼɻ󣬵Ȼ֪ҵĵʲôû˵
С۾ҧʳָȻǺĶĿ𣿡
ǣ֣һ飬ѧʮ֣ͽһСǻÿѧһٸ֣ͽһǻÿѧһ飬ͽһĽǵǻ벻Ҫ
Сˮ˵롣˵ϡ
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Сſڵϣʵʵߵ˾Ÿͷ
΢΢ͷ
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СǻǱȽ⡣ʼະۣǱ۾һɣźǻĺܲӴ£ȥ˺ʹ۵ҲٽлҸĿγȷǺأƵ㣬Ըע״һĽޣѹƣ͸Уͬʱҩĵ״ǿʡ
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磬ϢһʱҲˣһдһӵĴ֣ȻԼ飬Ҽ⡣ó½ȫͼʼСĵ֪ʶͷ顪ȻǴϿġ
ӣ̸˵̸ĳʢʲôʣСϽһȥƣȻⶫǴôģôֲģֵΣʲôô̸ĳ羰Σ㷢֪õصĻдһ̸ۡʲôСԣеãûбЩ鷳ұСһѰ϶ԼҲǲζԽˡ
û˵˷ವӵ飬ʱȤģҲһ顣һʵ飬һֻ޴Ļھǽһ͵ɽ顣
ṦãһΡ鿪ʼȰҺþãѶֻñСɽϵĵĿŰɫĻ龹ȻȻ׼ҩ䡣
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ҾϲηľСԴҿҸط䣬ÿһ˵·һβǱתȥ
ȴû뵽滹ʮ׵ʱͻȻһ
ԷǵĳҲܳԾĻ׷׳Դ
ˣС˵ˡȻֵµ壬ֱСץǰĺһͷɫĻϡ
СҵĲӣɰ˵ʦ㿴·
Сӣ·أͲµ»ˤͷɢˣ
СЦ£ʦƴģ͸ƴܻһ
ЦȻҽ̳ģԭǿԸɻһˤƴһûʶ
ۼԽԽҵСͽϣŹֵ뷨㣬СһߵĴһô׳ķϣҪҶȻˤɢҲƴġȻַɻػϣ˫֮£ذĽ֮ĲǼܰ󶨵Ӹϡ
֡䡱һˤڵϣ̳
ڷŵֵʱССʹһǧ׹ͻȻᣬ̧̱ܵߡ
ˣھֻʮףڵϵ˷׷׵ǰֹײıʱ򣬻͵ףһ˫˫ŵĵɵĿҪۿĺڰϷƮȻԽ
ҷɹͷһۣһЦһССġV


 82 

ȻǶԷͻȻҲò˻ҲܾѵһǾǰȥһ£ǲ
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ۼҪҴȥ˴ŭӽȴס֣
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СԴ԰԰Ṧǰǧ򲻿ԴӸߴˤҲֻһʦȥҲ°أϲֽţֽţ
СϽҡͷ룺ҲŲҪҵֽšõһҳˡ
ЦľܵãҲˡ
С⣺Ϊʲôң
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СƶǶĵͷֵ˲áˤ˻ȴС
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Цڵʦ𣿡
Сҡͷǿһܻŵ۾ôСôʦĶ֣
˵Сʱ̲סһȺĸˡ
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һ֮֮ϵȻ
ڵոʲģ
СȿڣȻʦģֻһء˶ء
״ɫδ䣬̾һǺȣǶָһСüģŵĸæ۾һСŵͰ͵ġ
˵Сû㿪ڲ죡𣿡óʦѵС
СӵĿƴġָٸһ£ͷʾԼˣСֽԼ͡
վ״˵Է죬򸽽˼ϡ٣Զ߽䡣δ뵽˻·λҺܱǸΪ˱⳵ײҲò˻ʧҲСҵ˼ǣɢʹ𡣲֪״Σ
һۣʲô֣
׵ػ¡
¶΢Ц˵ǲػ£ʫŵãΪҲǽĺܡһȻˡ
ޡҵ
˵ξӪȫ֮õһֱţϾУֻһδڵŮȻܴžǸ͡¶̾ɫǽɽӢųһ˴ǰ˰˼Ŀң¶ܿصءھǣδֻвٺϷԿ
ҵͷЦ״ĻûңһԿϷ
ЩȻȻЦ˵ҲǣǾͳһûǰúõͰɡ
Ȼ˳ͷҵѾͷϷģϷģ
Цʲôͬ𣿡
ҿǷ羰˿βǷ羰
¶ζɫϣԺмĻᡣ
ǳǳһЦʲôҲû˵

żõϢУʾλλų͢еɣͬʱҲǳ̫ŮҪ֮һֻıԶǣôڴδǰԼԼʹ̫ŮҲδܹܶ࿴ۡһνһһǶܴѡˣϣһûдĳޣ»ʵΪԼʩ˳ϵʴȣּɡ
ǵúСЦˣڽ
Сŷſ֣ڴڵĺԹô˵ô죿
һѱίˡȥˮΣ
СѾѻĻԺ󣬿ʼһˮ


 83 

صУڵҡ
ȥ鷿ˮĽṹͼڴԺ̫ɡ𣿡
ƲҪ̫Ů˵û꣬ұϾˡﲻԻˡ
ҺӺͻصǵĵڶϣžȻˣһǲǱ˴ɱ
Ҳ飬ȴһʵȴǰš
оڻеĵλһ㡣ϴȥӪǰһһɼңǰŽţźž͸ˡҴӾӪһ·ͣͣ޹ɣ뿪Ҳʱģȴ֪ǰҡڴɱҵʿϲûҵκȴ˵Щʿ˳ʼҵйءΪɢǻʼڳõĶҩͬʱװ۵ַʼʿҲơ
һһɵǳ̫Ů԰ŵ̬ȣõһͨĵܵܣ̬ȣӦòͨܳĻӿܵĴֻȡĳϿ
ɴƶϣƺŻһδпǻʵȫȫ½鱨űӦֱӶԻʵ۸˭յһôڽľУȻռĵλ
ûʣҲû˵⽫ϢͨʵǰȻҲĬԼ
ʲô·֣ʡ
Щ٣ûʲôչ
Цżʲô
ŽеҲżô죬ȻһչûУɼɱĶҲ˵ôһδɱȻܸӰҲǿĵġСģҪˡ
Ц
ſ̾һˣû˵ӣҲǻҵĻġ棬ôӺͣ
ҽȥԷɡȥʱ䡣ҵұΪڸѰһСԺ˼ѾʹӣӺסȥǸܼһұϾǳҵĽסУӺȴǡӺͱϾݣǾʿ٣ӣĿǰλδȹ̣Ҳϣһ¡
һҴӺȥȾƣȻӺҲȤ˺ܿ׺ý飬£ͻӺͺȾƣӺʱҲȥ̯ȥֻӹĶҪۺˡ
ɵķ²ؾһְطзɢ
֪һľǾʹ˶ˣЩҲܻĽȥӺͣӺֻЦЦ˺󲻼ȥҲû


 84 

ҺСھغͺ߿˶죬ѡ˵ص㣬һֱ׵ˮǰô˼죬ٴΧۣмǰʡ
ˮһͨߵСľͷǴеСһȡˮͲ϶·
ˮ˷㣬лϲҲлСɰһɴ帾ϲ˿佱¸ǽĿˮĥĥҲ˵˳Ŀ⣬Ҳòൢʱ䣬һ׵СȻһֻʯĥһ򵥵Уӵˮϡ
ȡЩʵ飬ˮƶʯĥ˶ֿȣһĥꡣĥϸȣô档峤˵ˮĥ÷˶ڼصʱάһһӦ
СҺʹ˵ʱȥʹСˣ֪оȻʶֵģʼҫԼոձġ־ټա͡ҪһɺĿɿڴ˵󣬾Ȼҳŵ֡һڻؾС˵Ҳ̣Լȥ̡
ĬСʼ»ܸߣ߰󣬾Ϳʼ÷ζġǴвֺ޶ЩԼѧʱ಻߾ܼΪºӶӦͬһеĺǼǲסŪʲô˼ͿʼǱ˵Ժȥˡ
ҵһ巣鷿ʱʡԼĴзҲԡίģ顣˵С£һơ
ҽҲ˳ȥ
ֹһʱ鷿˯æӻͳ֪ʲôʱؽȥֻͷݸʼЩԥҳԡøģֲԼȥ͵Եġʦ֪˴ʦ㶥žˣһ𷣹򡣡˿ʱѾϥľպ̻ʵĳȥ
ֻҶˣĶҹڷߺһһڵϣŵһ£ƺ͵͵￴һۣŷ
͵͵ЦɵСʱʵ飬ʦķըһ롣ʦɽСʮ졣ÿʦ˷˻ĵӸһʦ㶼ɽϳԲãʦʱ򣬶͵͵ЩˡˮƽԵĻҪ࣬ʮԲˡ
ʦǲֻ֪Ǽװûѡ
ԷʱҲ֪
æ֪ˣԺԻĽǣᷢƢ
ԴҿӦٹʱ
ˡ
ڵһûоͬ⣬˳ŵԴӦʦȥ̵еĺӣȻǳһƬģδҵӦǴ󡣲󷸺Լǣ㶮ԼʳԵĺʱûд㡣ֻǣȻѾӦӦþԼĳŵɣȴ;ϣĽ̵ķǲʵ̬ǲУЩĩڡҰѵ
ͷһȥģһҪôĺӶһϵ֣
˺Ȼļÿȥһ磬һʱʶֱ飬һʱʣµʱʣܻشش𣬲ԼҡѧϰҲģŪʮֵԼӵܵӡ
һʱ󣬴кӽʼۿɼвۺӻǴ˼Сǳϲ;⡣õرлϲʱ򲻵Ҳÿҵд
ǻأֲĵ֮࣬޲ϢϢءϲԼЩ߻ǻء˵Ƕ࣬æµһҲֻܻ±һõũ߻ǹߣܸǴܶ෽㣬ʡǺܶʱ䣬ܴ룬Ҫľ
ҼˣĿҵҲغƫءռ½غʷϵĸ־ɵĻͼͬʱԼҲ˼ߣȻľΪоȻĻܲڴй㷺
ھĴҵһ꣬һľӿ˽ӣʱСĽ̵ʶֺͼ򵥵Ѿû⣬ŽġСġǲûж˺ĺϵʱʱȥǣżϼҲЩʱߡЩǺ󻰣Ҳᡣ


 85 

еӣǲ̫á
УҺӺһȥȾơ
ûпǹɱ˵
ҽ˲ˣ֪ͰŶڻûвʲôô졣̸ռ鱨б£Ҳ鲼ȫĿȫɡ
ɵĿңôܾƺгӡ
ӺЦҲгĻӵȷʵ١Ӻ֪Ҳո˵ˣȻҲûмȫʩ
Ȼ㵽Ӻ͵򵥣ȴû뵽ӵɻѪͳǰ̫Ů˵̫ŮӺݵŮӺ͵ĸԭӺߵӣС̣ѪԵ㣬ҲԶݣӺͺСǺܺõĻ顣
Ӻڶʱ򲢲ó衣ҲΪӺ̫ӵ̨ʱ򣬵ճŮӺ±ɱڻУӺֻ߽Ұнھе˵ߣʵϵھһȻһһŮʹֻǲôעһŮȻûնݳ˼ֻмӺͣڼľӪҲǷǳѵġ
һӳĻ飬Ͼ֮ӺͶģҲ˴𰸡
ʦƵüۣЩͷҪҪӺͣףҵĴʦ㡪ӺݣڻɽϣյĹĺء
ˣôɽѴʦ鱳Ȼ󡭡
ˣӣһ²һ£ôһڵļ֮ǿ϶Ҫ¶ҲŲ뱻ץȥء
Ӻͺһ˵ֵһΣһΡҳˣ룺һپƹһԽĻŮȻֽ׻һɵĻŮĻ廹ǲֵǮ

㷹ɫҲİˡ
յ찵뿪ʱʱѾ硣ϼûʲôˡ
ҺӺȻӶȵȣɱ˴˿ŶˡֱԷѾӽˣǵע⡣
ҽһأſ˫֣չһ˿ǽҹһ㺮⣬ؿڻ֮ȥ׷ϢͬŴ򿪣˲к°ҹ˸оǵı䡣
һεԱһ߲٣а⣬ŵأ󣬲գ֮䡣ֻ۵һһߡ
ҪȥҪȴһԶУʱλҲְ߯ҵһ㣬бõġһҪСģͷǲǻ˼ӣָﲻǲ˼ѪĶء
Ӻһ㶺󣬸ææȴɱֱƵæҡ
ת˲ʧٸһᡣӺͲסҽżɱֵڵϵĽ֣ȻаͽסһӺڣҲҴ⣬ҲȷɱǷֻˡ˻ǽһ㡣
΢΢һЦһâ棬Ųɱֵ塣
ҹɫлͬҶڷдɪ֮ɫĹ켣ںҹУͬīڰָϣۣˮ
Ʈ㽣ʽƮ㣬ȴƮ㣬õƮ㣬ԼȴƮ㡣ʦ㵱ƾһƮ㽣λʦϸʰ·磬Ȼ˵ġ
һûýֱƽΡһɲϴֵȫϡ
ɱֵĺһ㹻ͨ˻˯ҩ裬
һļƲס㣬λƮ㽣



 86 

ӺͲûйӦϾҿԶ㹭ȴǴڽҪӺ͵İ
ʵӦҲܺңһ·˵Ĺ£ҲûšҵӺݾ˵ĵճŮһͬɱҾ֮УѣƮĺԵˣһ׽ҲС
ȴǲƭ
һɵľֵٴҲһҵ飬Դڵ飬ӦǱ޳ĪҴ˵飬ҲӺ֪ʦ㻹ŵϢݺƷܹӦŵĹ
ЦĸĪȻ˽ҵġ
Ӻһץסҵ֣񼤶ĺշеˮһҾеΣա
˽гʲôӣʲô֣
ӣָָϻԵɱ̸ִʱ𣿻Ǻõ̸ص㣿
Ӻջ֣ȭͷͻȻɱһѿԼļ磬԰ȥ
԰ǼСԺӵ֡дǨ֮أӺȥ˶ҹڴϡ
ɱֵѨţֽţҽһƫȻԼȥ˯ǼңӺſڵˡ
һҹȲˡ
ҽн鷿ʣ㣬Ҵ˽˻ţʲô㣿
Ӻʹ˿Ѿ˼άңСȻڼвܳ谮ǸеĸҲȱ٣ֻǲĸ׺ݵӡܹĶݵļͥůӺ͵ȻռкܴοҲóʦڻ̫ӵʱָ㽭ɽ˶ʱǺεȵķӺ͵жһ޶ĸ׵ĹǺεȵĳߣ
˶򣬺ԡѪɳ꣬Ѿľˣ糾ţէȻԼĸ׿ܻţ簵ҹһըףǡ
ϣʲô侲Ľп˵ҪҪĴҪҪһ𣿡
Ӻʧȥƽеºͣ۾ֹʲô飿ҵĸףʲô޹أ
ҡͷûиҴǰǲκλشġ
Ӻǰһ۾ң㡪
ҺĻضҪ˵ô˼Ҫ˵ô㵽׾ܹʲôӺͣڻһǵĶ֪Ϊáκγ嶯ܽһлڵ֮ҵģӦһ㡣
ӺͷŭĿҺܳܳʱ䣬ͻȻкƤһһߵǷϵ
ȥļο̾Ϣ뿪鷿
ҹ鷿ǲˡ


 87 

ϴδɱһԷҲʼղá
һͨɱֿҪҶƮ㽣
Ȼܡ
ҳôŮԵʱ㿪жҩȡִͷó㶾ĸ룬ָ׷ﶾҩĩϴɾ鵽·΢͵裬ЬӵԵžθУҿʼˣʵƮ㽣ҲǿԽµģʱ䳤ЩӺ飬ȴòԼԶ֡ܡ
һصļ㹷飬̾һһ£ЩĻܾɡɴСգԻغȤ
һеǰС˵еı滨룬˵ⶫأ֪ٵġ
ڸ̾ɱֶ˶͵۾
һ˫۾˵һ˫ڲʳߵ۾ӥͣǵĲ̣ߵᡣ
Ѹٿһһشϲġɫ΢䡪Ǻ¶⡣Ӧû뵽ȻܴҵôƷɡ
еһСҲ֪ǲȫֻЩʱҲġ
÷ˣѾûΣˡҺЦĿĲͬĿ⣬Ҳ£Ӧòĳ˽˵ɱ֣˽˻Сϻô๤Ӧǡĳɱ֯ɡ
п顣
ѵĺܺأĵ
⻹ǵһαɱִɱءоô˵أеܳػ²һССĽ齳Ȼ˳רҵɱԸңҵˡ˸ŵ棬̾˿Ȼ˵ʲһǺôҵġһΡܲܿһΡķϣңҵļǶ٣
ɱִԼϰ߱˵һ俪ʣ˭ɱҵģڵһ俪ɱԼļˣϾ
۾һ˿󣬵ܿҲָǲ˵
еε֪أڡһΡݹ˵Ŀˣʹ¥ҲģѵͲ͸¶һ𣿡
ԼοͣɱֱСĵˣҲǵһμɡʱȻҪһγһЩȻת˲š
ôǻʽҿ䵭ɱ֣ĵҰɣǰô߱ǴʦĹأҿû˿ء
ͷ𣿡ʡ
洫Ц
һӺվڵЦΪǻ¥ôʻ𣿡
Ӻ͵۾кܴȦĿȴָֻյºͣһʯͷ˵ء
վЦ˯ĺã
Ӻ͵һۣ˵أ
ЦҲˣӦÿ˯þˡ
һ߹ߣʵڣ
ôҰ֪ھӪʮ꣬ʲôѶֶûмҲòôɡ
Ҷѹһءһûʼأ
ӺƳһۣûþûáҽڡ
Һʤ֮Ķ𣬽е㾹ȻƲҡŲҲһͷʳ֪ģ
Ӻ͵ʹ㡣ΪԼþʲôСƹǴܣ˭ǿ˭ġ
ָǾԣҪҪģ



 88 

ȻûùЩʲôӣ֮̾ߣҲûдö
ɱܹǳϸѵһͨѶ߶Ҳʲôá
ӺǰºڣһͷʳҲǲʲô˺
Ȼɱûʲôɻ䣬ȴûŰ˵Ȥ
뵽ǾֻܴӾ֡
һ뵽Ǵߡ
ûѧκδοͨĴ߼־ǿұ˿ڲصļ䣬΢

ڶСݡ
޹ĻУʱʳ˵Ӻ;ʱԼĴ
ӦöֻΣǣҲȷʲôʱ״̬ôﵽҵҪȥ˲ãȥˣֱӾһӻʳʲôʹʳҲȷ١

˯
ǰһ򱨵˵һʱ׻ֱ֮ʹû˯һξ⵱Ȼ⡣ֻҪǸˣǾˣû˵ĸҪ˯ġһʵУһҪ˯⣬ŵºһʾ޶𣬽һҲֻ졣
ܺãѡˡ

һ˵ȻУϾ̵ҡӺذ죬ҹһɱֳƣӣͽ
󣬹ǲˡǣһģ棬죬ɱֿҵıֱǴĿɱҡ
ҾӵĿͬһĺȦȦƣ뵽ɫһȥı飬ҲúࡪÿҪ۾Ķ˷Ҷʱ䡣
˵賿ҷҲҲ۾ˣֻõȽϼҵİ취ˮ
ϣڿڣ㵽ʲô
ޱȵƣ룬ð˼ɱ۾Ҳ΢ˡȻÿò˺÷źţʱʱ顣
Ц˰Σǲ˵
ѶѶԲͳԷҲˣôҲõϢ
ֳĬһڵͷ֪ʲô֪ҲԸûɱ
ȫָӵЦӯӯģһʼɡҲż֪żҺż
ʲô֣
ӫ󡣡
֯ʲô֣
ٻ¥ôԺѵ֯ɱҵɫ
ô˵ģ
ɱػ£ͷ񡣡
˶ټ룿
ƽ
֯ʲôλã֯ӹ߼ԼǶ٣ɱʲôˡ
еڶӹ߼ǻƽǧɱ˭Ҳֻ֪һ̫ҽ
Ŀһһ¾˳ȥԷʲô
ػ£ŮԼʮˡλ̳С㳣ϯӳС㴦żסԼı԰԰ʫŹھǣͨҽһӺͣΪɽһͣ
Щṩģ֯ġҵ
ԷṩġϺϸЩ֯鲻
ɷ֪˭ʵؼһʣҶ۾
֪۾һУֲٻ¥ɱֶ֪˵ϣֻϵ֪
ٻ¥һʡ
ĬһᣬŵܲھǶɽׯһͷ㣬ھְٻ¥ȻһᵶЦ
ҵͷ˯ˣѺһ㡣
ҡ˯ֲųڣ۾ѾˣںûУҶܻɡ


 89 

ӫ˯ѹ
Ȼöˣһ߽岻ɵ΢΢һ£Ȼǳ΢һηС
ҽ˷ǰȳ԰ɡһҪ㡣
۾¶ɺνı飬ԹԵĳŷһԲ̰ıΪҵ½ˡ
Ա㣬Ҳſڵ˵֯еڶеһ˭
ġ
Ĺô
ܺá
û˵üëʣóʲôԸΣ
óݣϲŭܺãһϲŭһϲŭϰܻ
ɱûлȥʲô»ᱻжʧܣ
ɱδ顣ô˵ٲȥͻᱻʧˣƳһۣŮǲǹ˯ġ
㲻ȥ֯ô
оųϿļ񡣡
ʲô취ջģʣȥûûˡ
߹ĿϢ
ʲô˼
ٻ¥ٴҲǲˡܽӵĵӣȻӡеͷǵͷظ֮ˡ
˵ĳǧƽɱһ̫ҽʲôʱ飿
˵Ƕʮǰ顣
ָ

ʲôͷûе飬Ȼһҡ
ͨ˳ƽеڶɱɱң
ɱҵ˷Ǹ
ǮͨỊ̄ǮĪҡ˻ɱңһҲΪǻֵۡӺ͵ݳ˲֪⡣ӫĹȴ֪ʿ٣ͬʱ˽֡
ô˳Ͽǻʼҵˡ
ʼк϶ֻг磬ҲڶԳ繹ɵʲôвϾһδ̤;ûкκȨӴǶ̬ȶӡҪǽҪٻƽɱˣٶǮҲ
ӫĿУûһṦ򣬶һȴ֪ģ϶֪书ǷίеĻһ˵
һ˵߼һʫʣˣˣͲ书һɱֱȫɱָʹȻĽɱߵݿӺϣϾܴɽļлнҾȳɱôˣˣ֤Ӻ͵ָ߳ԭЩȷң϶˱ͬһָʹߡ
Ľۣǻʼˣǳ磬ߵĲ
˵˳⣬ʲôܽҺʹϵġе
ʮ롣̫ҽڻжʮǰؽҪٻ¥׷ɱˡ
оԼѾץһ˿
ƽ˳񣬻ʲôʡ
ӫ㶵ңβŵ
İûƽ׽ˡ
Ҵӻҩ裬ӫϵɢΪȫҼ⡣ҩһǶҩȻһҲǶҩɫǿǡЦһʱʹ̵ǿǿǡǾޱ̷˺һ·һΡнҩȻ³ܲңҩֻСѡ˺ģԼ߳ȥҸٵĵطȥͶ̥ѡ̵ģȥҹܼңΪ㰲ס㹤ߡ԰ĻݽͰˡ
Ұ˹ȥڣѡɡ
ӫԥ־ͰѺɫ̽
һأӡ
ӫޱĿһۣȻ̧ȥſżؿڵȥˣһʹ࿴ҡ
һǸ˼Ұֶҩɫ˵ˡ


 90 

ǹİɣӺ͵
ϸɱ֯ڱѻӼҵɱֱȻɱ֮죬˵ֶλ̡ܲӫȻԼǱѵ³Ҳһ˵˼Ǹɱ֣֮˵óĴң⹶ôضıõġ
ҵȻǹҩɫ˵ҲѡȨ
ֻǣѡ·Ҿ
ӺͰһۣôûôƻˣ
ҺܻĵŻڵϴϢӫ˵ԼĽ͡ӫĿɻĮһˣȻñʲôɫҲ⣬һҩ衣ԺÿǰӺܼýҩ
ӫʹõ⣬վ
˹ȥٺٵһЦ½󣺡˵ЩòҪм١
ӫҵвû顣
ҷ԰Ļݿв˳۵ģԼıȽϿһ㡣ص
ӺͳһҪֻ
Һһֲȥɱˣֻѵ

СҵϲҲûмƽ⼸첻ڵ顣
еĹԽԽ˳ڵõƹϿɣ̬Ҳ˲٣ĵڳǰһΣóҲԽ
ҲΪڼеĵλߣǰͽֺõҲԺӱǰ٣ԵĻ徲ȴ벻ѣͷʹѡ
ϼһ£Сᵽ԰ÿڹµǣԹٹӺҲ˱Ƚʵס
ĵʮǰ̫ҽ׷ɱ֪ȥ̽ǰĹأõ鱨ܳϲҪ鷳ǣ뵽ϵţҲͻȻ֣ǰǰңȴûҹΪӣδǰǳӹУȻŮڹ⿪ҪϢУЩ֡
뵽ЩƣСߣʦϽȥ䡣Ҫʲôʦ
С̷еı滨룬ǰҪһ֧ʮҪ˹ƣҪػڵģͣҪˮɴͼֽҪһõľߣԸ𣿡
ʮ֧Ƕ˹ǹƷػҪľˮɴòֻһΰɡΪЩڴĵ
֪СФЩþˣΪ̫鷳ҶҸֽڸˡû뵽ȫʣһлթҡ
Ҵ˿ּͬۻֻۣӦС˵һ̻ط·ͳˡ
СڴĿĹ䣬һֻ·ϲ档һֹ꣬ǾֻӾͶˡұ䣬Ȼ󵽾õĴ蹤һϸӸΪƷ
СϲüңȥĿһ·˶һƯСк˴³Ĺ¶͹Źֵı飬Ȼҡͷһϧı顣
֪һۡǰͣſΡʯʨӣʿҸоϤİ
ҶŴſãſڵʿɣǰѯʣ˭ڽſվʲô
ȻѾʵˣһǿڵ֪СǷڸУ
ʿǽˣȻ֪˵˭üë˭
Сڼңͨһ˵ػҺȻ뵽ѩҲо죬æϵţҲǲİ취


 91 

ҪҾŻӣѩ¼ҿ𰢾ţɻҵ۾
ЩҲ¡ҵ
ѩǾһ£ǾҾȻ֪ӵлʼ鱨顣һ£Ӧһᾡϵġ
ҵͷһл
ҪߣѩºȻ;Żӡܺã
תͷһۣЦ㵣Ӧң
ѩһ˫ˮ˫ң㲻ԸʲôҰ𣿡
ҺȻЩŭ죻Щƺûйϵ
һһ񣺡¾Ͱˡĳǡ

˳ѩµԺӣڵǧСһңЦ˹ʦڼҲһǧòã
Ų죬ǿ¶һЦݣá
СǸĺӣһӾͿв죬¶ǵɫɵסҵ֣ʦôˣ
սС֣к޵ôСĺӣҲ˶ᰲοҡڶ̶һʱڱɱΣȴŲʣ涼û¶޺޵꣬־þɥѩʲôˣƾʲôҪҼϣ֪Լ飬ֺαǨŭˡ
뵽Сû£ǻؼҡ
ȵȡѩȴӺ׷
׳ˡѩɫµʣû˵꣬ͱһɵϡ
Сͷֱѩ£ûй£ʦ˵𣿡
ѩ΢㶣ҲЩ⡣Сѩ£ܿն³һ䣺㣡
̾һС뿪

ػûãһߵѩߣˡ
ѩ΢΢üǰ㷢Ƣˣ϶ʲôԭ򡣡
΢һ£ѩ˼ı飬ԥһ£ͻȻؾʱھ˴ɱ漴ϸ۲ķӳ
ѩ͵ûͷԾ˵ʲô˴ɱȻһ㶼û˵顣
ĿбӵĿǵġ
ѩתȥסģûˡΣӦñ
ѩƽһҵľŬ򾲵鵽˭ΪʲôҪɱ
ҡҡͷŲ˵ڻûϢ
ѩ̵ðôʱףֻ˵ɱ˲򵥣ָʹҲ򵥡
ѩһ˫ڵӽЩ죺ǻ𣿡
ѩҧ֪㡣ֻ֣Ϊʲôɱ顣뾩ôĵطӣûܸո֪Ϣģ
綢ѩµ۾ѩ£ΪΪʲôŲϢģ
ѩĻۣΪ֮Ӧûܵġ
˵գҴ׷ȥϣҪѾߵ̫Զˡ
עѩԶȥıӰ


 92 

˽һһۣЩ㱡
Сӵңʦ˵𣿡
Ұͷôأ
С룺ʦϲ𣿡
ҺЦͷ
ϲʦ𣿡
֣ͣЦϲʦ𣿡
С룺Ҳ֪ʦҪϲòã
ЦΪʲôô
СΪʦãҲϲʦҲҪϲ
Сϲһˣ˵ϲԲϲ˵ġ
СɻĿңʲôϲҪϲأ
ҿʼʵںС˵ͨתƻ⣺ϲʲôأ
СϵҪҺã棬Ҫ֪ܶ飬ܶ౾£ʦһ
𣿡û뵽СĿͦߣǵ٩˿ɲడһ޲ȥô찡
С۾Ҳ͸¶ſա
ҼصӣúܺЦСӣҪοСȴɫһϲ֪ҿԼ޸ʦ
һЦԼ޸ʦ
Ϊʲôأʦϲ𣿡СɻԴ
ȻϲǡСŮ֮ϲͽܶʦĽָ飬ȴһ

¡
΢΢Ӳһ¡
ѩ΢죬ߵĺܼ߽ңɫЩǸҲ֪㱻˵ѩЩ˼Ŀ˿Сŵʡȥˡɱ֣Բ𡣡
СĿץҵ֡
ҡ̸̸𣿡
ѩͷһҡκĿĵġ
һʼһϣĿ⣬ȴǾܾˡסԼɫϣһ̲סϲ
ȥ̸ҹ䵭ԼЦ
ѩ¿˿Сɵ
С̾ıסҵҺʦһ𡣡
룬ѩ̸ĻСȷʵܲ㡣治ܣ߻ᵽܣ߾ģ罫ͻ԰ĺá
ǵһ£Ƚͻȥ
ѩµͷ

ʱѩŴⷢ
վſĿĲ˺һŽеѩ¡
ѩתңվɡ
ҿѾ˲ˣһƣٿһۣǲ˾Ȼϲ
̾һʲô˵ɡ
ѩ¿һۣеţԼǰľƱһȻǳǳһӵҡ
ҾͻȥҰšѩ֣ϣҪע⡪Լ֪书ãҲҪ⡣
֪ԼҲ㽻˵ġ̹Ȼ
ѩǿͷָԼ˱ƣš˺ܺãҪϧ
͵վ˵ʲô
ѩƱŵˣ΢΢һ£ҧң˵
˦תſȥ
󡰻һһƲ˱ɨµأˤڵذϣ̶ֱ˶Ĥ
ͣ½Ų
ѩЪ˹Ҫô죡ô죡ңȥκʹ࣬ҵ˰
̾˿תߵߣס֣۾ѩ£侲㡣
ѩȻ
ϵľƲ˶ɨˣֻǵľƺҴ棬ٺȥֻ¸ʰеССú
ѩҡͷýˣû±ģ̇ͷ۾Ĺ⣬˵ˡֻҺȾƣ𣿡
ѩָһָԼһ顣

ѩ¿Ѿ˯ȥˣǰͷЦҺȾƣô㵹ˡ˿ſϳ˯ػ¡ﻹץ֣Ϸš
ǵġѩüͷѵҰ㱳ȥɣԹ鱧Թַ糺졣
ҡҡͷѩ´ӵʰһƬдһ£Ųƽпڷѩ׵Ĺ⣬Ȼ΢Ц͵ſ֮˵ĺ¡

СоһˤĴУʦȻΪǸһӻ
ӺһЦôСԴˣ
СһҲûءҸҪǸ˹ֳԴװ
Ӻ̲ס٩ѩ¿ǾءȻ˵ǳ˹֣ҿǼʱ˰ʦ˲Ŷԣ
Сһལҳ϶Ưʱʦһ˵ˡ
ӺͲٲ죬͵Цػ°ػ£ĪСҲǶһѵɡֻȵСкܶ꣬ҪϷϺܾúܾء
뵽Ӻ֪δԶһеᣬҲһΣΪ㡰ˡӴԺ޸ϵ
ʱ԰˵á
ӺæȥӭֻѩվǰԺҪڣܳСһһô㣡۾ˣʦأǸһ𣿡
ѩ΢һ£һ𣿻²ڼ𣿡
Ӻͼѩɻӣʵ»ȥʱûҵǲԼ˼ĵط
ѩ΢΢üӺҲ֪˵ʲôºߺµһᣬ׷ʱѾˡΪ»סڳңС֪ǰŹġ
Сɴ۾ȵȣ˵ֱȥҴʦңȻô˵뿪ڣûмʦ
ѩСһۣûм
С¶˼ı飺ôܣǣҺʦڻ·Ǹˣ˭
Ӻȫһ԰һۣɫ䡣


 93 

İ״ƬҲӻ紦ͣΪƬ˵һֻűҿסˡ
㡪ѩ²ŵĿſϵĵеİ״ƬȻ̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
Ҫ̫ҲҪҶ֪ġָ˽ֻҪˣű
ѩҵ𽥱Ϊη䣬ǰٻ¥һɱָ֣ܿ򾲣ƤЦı飺ѽСʲôʱֵأ
ұŤĿѩµϳ¶ı飬һֹŹֵĸоܵͷЦá
һʼһش
ܣѩ¡ӦóƺΪˡĿңҵļҵ˫ģѩµıû˿©
Цû˵ƤѻһֻСèҪǰѩ£Զأ

ҵֻѩµƤңŵòѩ֮£ʼǸɰĴкѩȴһˡߵʶģΨһһμ汸ӡ֬һͷ䣬·Ťһҡҳ̽ѱ׷ϲһۿ湫ӣȻװڽУҵȴ峺̹Ȼ͵ڶۿ߸ٷ磬֥ҵðĿ罣ȻʫϣŭһһǷ䣬ɴһڽѩΪҸʱ޴룬ļ¶ΪԶ׷ɣ糾͡ӽȹ˴˵ǰѾͯȴһλѩµΪʵݡ
߾ΧԶʮɱŮӶҪսգѩ»ǰȻתӽѪȾҹһɲǣѪڣоȫĻˡ

ĵݿν޷죬Ƕû˿ס
ѩ¿ҵʱ򲻻һ˿鵴ӡӣԼҵ˽ᡣѩ£ô֪ϲʲôˣ
ҵϷѩµʱǵۣǴˡָԹԵǲܵ顣̸ѩ¼ӣ뺷˵ôϷ绯ԣеһҹǰҪһѩĿǰĽչȫ췽ҹ̷
ǣ֪Ǵ󣬿ƫƫôһС˿ġˣһǰġѩ¡Ϸȴ¶®ɽʱɵһ̣һ뵽ԼĿѪ˼ȻѩȴЦĸ꾫һļһ￴ƣ;ǹҵʹ˵˿̻ﳰЦҳ룬ԽԽϻԽԽɱˣ

ȻǳķŭϻЦЦģӻͳһһҩӫĻ˵һ飬Ǽһԥһ£̵ķŽ


 94 

ص԰ӺСڡһ԰ˣ˵һѩµСҹ˾ͻŻŵĳȥˡ
ԭѩҹңֻǴˡ
΢΢ůһ¡Ӧҽİݵѩ°ɣݵκһˣֻеĿܡ
˰һתȴһݶһ·ݣԺУҧгݵػ£ҳԵĵʲô
ṦаޡĵĿɣͦһС˧ء
û߽˻԰
Ĳҽ˻԰ȴ淢һϤӰ
ӫڵϣһ껨һֻССķŵһֻ԰˲Ŵĺɫ·ֻ½ÿϸͬĺ첼ߣ·ޱߺ͸ĺշϼһƬص޾
ĴԼûϵӫǰһ̽Ľеӫ󣿡
ӫ⣬ȻоûôˣĻ̌ͷоɫĿվڻ԰ſڵġ
ӫԴһеĻ˹һ£ˣһߵʧˣ
Ŀӫ¶ϲɫĻȴǲĺһҪˣթôʧܣæʦ㰡֪ҳʲôҩҪҡ
վһ߿Ťøһȫð亹֪ӫôܵˡӫȴһ̹Ȼĵĸ첲תͷԵʲô
ҲˬˣʲôڳҵĴҵģ˾ˣѵСҲΪˣ
ӫޱ飺С㣬ĳʲôˣ
ҼһĲ鲻Ըӣշĵһѡ⡣
ӫתͷĵѡɫ
ίĵͷ
ӫҩ෴ġ
ĵɴ۾еʲôתŭƭңһӣֻ˹ԲӣֻһСϡСɸӣݲУ֨֨ϡ
ĻҪӫȴס֣ҡͷ㲻Ķ֡
ģ˦֣һ˦ȴӫˤȥˡ
û뵽Ͱӫˤ֮£סˣôˣ
ӫӻҵסˡ
ĳһȻϵһˣթĹôܴ򲻹
ӫҡͷȷʵ򲻹
⻰ոջŭӣȻþɥʦ㣬ô찡ִ򲻹ƭƭˡҲҪӫ󣬼Ƕ
ӫְעתһ߿ˡɡңҪôſϷŹģ
Һһûж
ӫֵ̣С㣬βſϷŹģ
һָͷһ԰ҵļңҲҼ˶Һҵļˣ԰﹤ˣܵ˺вһָͷڶ԰԰׷ˡ
һ⻰ϻһ飬ЦŤߣС㣬һܹԵġ򶫣ľ;
΢΢ܿ壬ӫҪҷŹʦܣҲԡӫΪʦĵҷΪһ˿죬ҾģĴԸ⣿
ӫ˿ͣҲûУشԸΪĵ
ҵͷ
˿סϲصģֿһӫ󣬵ˣӺܼһȥȡҩɡҸ£ҿֺС
ӫѧˣȻޱ飬ȴǡС㡣


 95 

ҵ·ѩ£Ӻ·ϴڼеǡ
ھ¥úһ˸ɨϣȴǹһӣоɣоЩͷеεģɢ˾ȥˣѩǻóԷ
ȴ洫æĽŲҺȻһѸһ۾
͵ıƿһŷ˽
Ҹоվڷס˺Ŀⶼڴϵҡ
С˹ҵҡ֣̿ʦѣʦѰ
ͷΣСһҡһһѣΡƣСҡҾҪˡ
Ӻ侲ˣָҰ˰һҡˣʦû£ֻǺȶˣ˯ˡ
СȻֹͣҡΣС쵽ұ£оһкһûãкһΪʦˡ
Ӻ͵ƺȵĲ٣ȥгѾС㣬鷳㿴һ
ֻѩӦӺܼҾȥͽҰɡ
Ҹоѩ߽һЩԴ޳ָҵϴһᣬȻ󻺻˻
һ̣ҸоĪĽҲоΣʹˣҲᱻǾġ
һᣬӺˣѽһʪëҲ˸Ҹоһ˲٣СԱỽң֪װȥֻúһ۾
ҺѾӴ
ɼˣʡ
Ӻ͵ͷѾҩˡֻôˣҪ𣿡
ҵһɱһҪɱʲôءµ񣬰ٻ¥ҲӦˡĻӦûӴˡǶɱˣ𣬷á
ѩºȻշǣ
Ц԰󣬵༸˻ġҽ鷳鲻٣м˰æȻǸá
ѩҵԺ鷳ֻǴҡȻ˵Ҳңǵٸ˻ǲġ
ѩµ۾п˵ʲôվǸǡ
Ӻ͸æ˾滪ллС⡣С㡣
Щŭһ»Ҳ˵ֻСһѱСЦǺǵʦôϳǸǼٵأҰҺ֪
СӣӺˣ˵Ҳһ֪ʦҿɲ˵Ρ
Ӻ͹һˣҺСڴͷ棬Цҡҡͷ˼һƬ⣬ôллûС
Һһ֪˵Ĳǿ
Ӻ̾һȴǲ֪ѩ³˽Ļĵĸ㣬ֶ˸׳졣
һ㶣´ץסӺͼģѩΪҳĻ
Ӻεҵ֣ƭʲôž֪ˣֻ±˶㵱ɽ׽ķ˲źء
Щֵѩµ飬Ҵ֪Щ֮ѩȻûлӦȴǶ顣ý˵Ϊ˴󶯸ɸ꣬ȷǽϣ٣Ѿ㵱˺ҪѡֻΪʲôʼղϽ㣬Ӧúúÿ£ҲѴֻĲ˵ǴĹӣֻҾͲ׽޸ͨˣֻһ̼֮ƸϯȻٸߣٴһУ˵ݱ֮֮ģҲΪѩ¿ǿǡ 
Ӻһ˼ΪңԼııԼܵջ㲻ǰʵϣȴΪԭЩ壬֪һ̤ȥӲȴһζĻرܡҲΪһصǺҲûȥҹѩ£ѩֺγǿҵӱ֮ģȫңʲôʸȥ
ϰˣƶӣǷΪʲôȨƶ˱ܣӶûеġԼ˳磬ȴңѩûаǰΪʲôҪأ
ͨһ㣬ҺȻûȻʣǰĸоࡣмĿһӺͣлл㣬ˡңԼܽӺߡ
ӺͼҴţǼЦˣ˵˵쵽ô°ɣǿǸŵĲء


 96 

ڶ磬ž԰ѩ¾ȻҲһͬˡ
ҽǰٴαӫڶδɱ챻Ĵɱ򵥵Ľһ£ѩ¶Ŀתȴǰ԰ûгȥΪӫ󣿷ô飬㾹ȻڲŸң
ѩ¿һۼİţοţ԰꣬㶨кҪ飬˵ꡣ
죬˵ıϸ졣
ҽӫõ鱨Լжϸϸ˵һ飬򰢾ŵҲ飬ʮǰǶʱǰǷ̫ҽɱʧٵ飬й̫ҽıȽֻ쳣鷢
һ˵һ߱㷢˵ɫЩԣʱʱһۣءһһ䣬ѩ¾ͱô˵ʮ롯Ҽұ̫ҽϳ㲻Ϊߵȥ˾ӪܿͱӶĴɱˡӦǼɻھжֱ֣Բϵؾ
ʣǡʮ롯˭ģ
ҿһ£ѩºͰŶǿˣ˵һ޷Ҷʦҵġ
ôһ˵˶ңӺҲңӲ֪ʲô۾ȴǶһһġ
죬¶ı飺ͷһԼ飿㾹Ȼʦ㣬ֻһ£ҵﰡʦʲôְô鶼鲻Ҳص̫ðɡ
ҿЦһ£˼˽˵ô̹ףҲͰһ˰ɡ
ҿǱ飬ƺ뵽ʲôҽ˵ǡ
ѩɫ֣صֻôɺϡʮǰǰʷΪһ̫ҽȥġ
һǺأ
ѩ±Ҳɣšüëд̫ҽΪ˰ڵĹйʧģǲû֤֤ûʲôΪﻹıֻǰ߲塣
ס⣬ʣǾеĹǷʶ̫ҽ
ѩüңЦô᲻ʶأ̫ҽĽ㡣깭Ȼûܵ𣬵Ͼ³ңвġҲҽһȴ˾ҽȻĸ׾ܲ߾ּ࣬Ƿһʮ꣬ͬš
ҳĬһᣬʳǸ𰸺֮Ĵ𰸣̫ҽʲô
עҵķӦѩ»ش𣻡ǵʱҶŮйꡣ


 97 

Ȼˡ
֮Ա׷ɱΪʦҵ룬ԭ򣬿»Ҫ׷ʦ㵱ϡ
вûĻûһĳЩ˲֪ܣֺαôִŵҪء˶ȻΪԭǣ֪¼࣬һٶ˵ɾʾǰࡣ
ϧҶԶʦ㵱ȴһ֪Ǳԩƫƫֲܻȥʦʸס
֪˶ڹעҶֵķӦ΢΢ü¹شҪΪұܡˣҲϣκ֪ǵ˺ѡ
˶ĬĬͷ
ҷʮҶʦңһҽǺѧġھӪйΪʩǷʶꡣұѾҶʦǴˣڿǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ѩʦ㻹
ЦһμǺõĺܡ
Ӻģô˵鵹ˣȥʦ㲻ͺˡ
ҡҡͷӺͣ㲻֪ʦŵĹءһţǰǱǲ׼κǰ顣Բǰȫû˵£ʹڻȥҲȥҶʦκ顣
ŵңʲôأҲˣĪҲǰˣ
ҡҡͷЦҳ󲻾ãͱѩУǱʦмȥġֻأ㲻ǰأǰļ䣬޷˵ͬɽϵʦʵҲ޷ֱ
ɽҴûҵǰȴ̹Ȼ˵˳ûκβʺͱĵĵȻҵԤϵĻҪʵ
ȴûҵ׼סˡ
ܽӲ͵͵ЦԴﶼڲԼͬıҿܶôôҵɳʷ̲ס̡
ŤŤ־ɥ£Ҳ֪㡪
ǹŹֵı飬̲סЦôǱһѹǿкܱҵͯ𣿡
Ӻ۾𾪺ͲţȻȫʲôһƬ硣ȴȻָһЦҵǺܺ棬ʲô̳ܽģ
ǳǳһЦ뵽ɽϵӣһ᣺µȥˣҸ˵ûһôҸġλıˣǱʦģλʦҲܺáֻʱõеͷˣҰ롣
ѩ¿ҵǸ΢ʼǾȣȻͬƺ˷ŭͺع侲Ҵûдκ˵пôָӵ۾һʵķӦҾְֺޡ
ӺͿ˿ȣǺе˵ˡ
һЦЩ̿
ô˵ӻʦֵǲܵˡˣֻܲ鵱˽ˣӦǺܺõֵ㡣ӺͲɾԭĽ٣ֱֿҪ
ѩô˻룬Ӻҡҡͷ񶨵Ҿõ׻һףֺαزòӪӹδܵõҪĴ𰸡ܴܿȡʲôõ֤ݡ
˻лѩһۣɵѩ£ܾ֪ʲô
ѩһ۳û˵Ŵش⣺㲻֪ǰʷأ

ڶƪ

 98 

ֵסˡ
ĸ׾Ȼǰʷһ̫עʱˡ
Խ׽ѩºͳĹģ֪굽׷ʲôȻǲѡֻ¹س磬ȴҪе֪Щˡ
ҵԵ֪٣
ѩ¸оҶЩ飬۲£ȴʲôҲû˵ֻʷʱ򣬳ֻꡣң֪Ƕʱ丸ײĺأҲΣʼƺֻͨܺȴ֪ôԽԽء̫ҽ˺üΣ̫ͳһҲһֱЧŲķչ̫ҽԺϽһΨйбĿ
ʱ̫ҽԺһָ̫ҽ̫ҽԺҽѸߣһΪһνӰˡ˫ڴִݣǿͬⰴչİ취˴ҲûмЧҽΪķӲָ֢Ϊ˴ֵ֧֣ʷȴûеȵüµĴȥˡ˿ԣǹ괦»ʷš
ƺûʲôԡֵĿԼҲлɣ
ѩµͷ統ʱСȴǵ顣ʱڻʷĴϾݵʱ򣬳˵ǻʷʹùĴģ̬ȺǿӲ
ģɻ
ѩ΢ͷ˵ʱҲо׶Թǳκ塣һ˺ǹһҽ϶нܳıָ˻ʷģΪǻʷʶ˲ŴˣԼǳ糤󣬻ʱΣȴΡ
ʲôΣʵ
ѩ峺ΪΪĸǸܴˣҪ֪󹬶ıƣĸΪй֮ô֮ˡȴ˵Σԭ򣬴һ̫ҽԺ׵ĲϿʼͬΪʲôôͳһ绳è塣ڻʷȥͬʱĪʧһЩˡҲǺŷֵġ绳ǲǱɱˣģʷȥΪ˷󹬣Ͻ̫ʦ֮ӣڵ̫Ů֮ҲʷǰìĺξΪ˹˵ʷıʷǱı󡣡
Ȼ漰˺󹬵Ķû뵽˿Ů˲һһȺⱦʲôӣ̲ס緹뵽̸ôĻ⣬ֻǿš
ѩ´Լǿǳ鴤ӣ۾´һ£ֵ£ôˣ
ûʲôô˵̫ŮҲ֮ˣʵ
ΪŮĳ羹Ȼûб̫ŮǺֵһ顣ڵ̫ŮΪ׵ĺιȴһֱûб͸֡ҼֱеŪڵĻʵ۶Щʲôˡ
ǵǣڵ̫Ůǰġѩ»ش
ھĸӳ̶ѾԶҵ
Լ׵ûУҵ
ѩµȻǲǵص˲ǱųϼˣѾȥˡżģ鵽һͶϵˣ˵ܸоһֹȥ
˷ʷصֹҵЩʲôˣ
ѩЩԥǵܶˡгεšֹɶܺǡ
첻˵İŴ˿̡ڡһЦô˵ܸǻϱ˲ȥأ
ѩ̧ͷ˰һۣƺеȻ첻ԡ
Цѩ¸˵˰죬ûи˵ĸʵ
΢㶣ʷҵˣ࣬ҿʼҪҪϰһԼĳʶˡ
Ƴһѩ£ҵմȨҵĹйʹйҲľ֮һһĴ󽫾ҲѩµţǺεȵ⣬ٰݹ׹ݣǷ޿ɷ⡣
һǸλãǵĵĸԸⱻԼģЦǴĵȴòҵ˵ϵλһϵλֶԷԼλҹңڴĵǸְֺ޵Ĵʣ
ѩº۾ţˣ
ЦΪڷֻ㡣ǲҸ˼˰ɣ˵ﰢųЦƵĿһۣΪھ죬ڹӱܵڵʱŮӢ۱ڳһӦأͬоֻʣһڿ֧ţһȻֻһжΪһжżȻ


 99 

ѩվ˵ʲô֪˵ʲô𣿡
һ˵ⷭĪǰʾʲô
һѩ£ĺǳ⣬۾ȴԻ˺Ͳɴķա룬ǲ֪ɣֻ˵кأ
ˡҪϾˡҪȻȰѶʮǰ˵ɡҵֹ˼ȥ
ţ鵱ڹ漰ˣп֪ϢˣڻûлŵģҪ֪ǵ䡣򰢾ŵ
ŵģͰϡ
һаȫΪϡݾߡ
Ц֪
ѩµѩ£Ұʱ䣬С硣
ѩûԥĵͷ
Լ彫ԼȻߵŶ˲һ˻ˮô֪ԽԽáҲһ䣬Ȼǲ̫Ըһôûа취رˣҪʵҲֻдĿǰеļ֡
˵ֻһףЦˣҾ³úдһٰɡ
̫ˣһûгԹĲءְɡ
ͬʱѩҲñ΢߲˶ٵɡҶãû
Ӻһװʲôûתȥȥ֪ͨ

ѩˮرһƬһƬϸϴײˣĺڷӱһİȴżȻһ˿ӼͷͷĲкüβԾȥȴͻȻʻǳִϡ׵Ҷӳ֣ȥ͸İɫʯһҫۣҿһ񣬺аǰͳǰȥͣĸӣݸʲôģûһֱ
ϴˡһɸӰײվǰȥӣѩȴ֪ʲôȻǳǳЦѩǺЦģһЦǡҿԼȥգ򾲵Цʲôأ
ѩҵֻϴΡ׶ԣЦ
Ҳ뵽ϴΣӹײˣ٩ôϴΣзأ
ѩƳһۣ㲻üҡ֪պãҵתǿЩѵûбĲҵġ
Щѩڶ˵̬ҪȻĶ࣬ɻĿû뵽ֿһתȥİȴȾ˷ɫй¶Ȼ顣
ôһõĿʼ̲ס̣ȴһ߼һ££ˣ죬ˣ
Ҹæת֪ʲôʱˮͰ˳ǽȥҪϹȥ׽ѩȴѸٴһߵıͲӳ֧һĶ󣬼ͼߵԴ˲ȫζסڵϡס󣬲ͣķŤ
Ŀɿڴ
ȴֽеѩһ̫Ժܵ˾׽ܹȥѿӰǼʰ
ʶԴ˸սѩ£εùһֻѹΣ̲סЦ


 100 

һе˻ǺܺгġҲгȥ԰˽˶˵ԺķϣҪк£۽ȴƳһ˲Ҫ亹ĸо
ֻһǳˮɫŴĵһ·ʹ䵽ȹǣֲͬĺɫдɵɵͬʮֻϥϣ߶ҡҷˡ˽ߵοɴڼͷͷľµĵ٣һСָͷСϸüɫ⻬촽ֻͷԱΪУڴɴ͵ͣڡ
һĻľԲһˣԺӶܽкͳš
ߵǰӯӯһ˵Ŀ˵С㣬ūźò͡
Ҵ˸ս۾ɵĴģ˭Ҫ㴩ģ
ִԼҵӣֱԵһϸüһһལ˼ҲŲҪôӶ˷԰һ·ҲҿԼǮġֲҪһͭ壬ѵ㻹⣡
ŭ㴩ʲôҲᡣ㴩ʲô
˸۹˼СӰ
ӣҲǵʲôӣüͷӺͣҺĴȤĿȫʵߡ
ŤŤӣСԼ˵ҪҵӺܼӺܹ˵ϴɨ䶼ˣŶȱˡȥС߲ûźɡӺܹб£ҲǸŮˣЩչ˲ĵط˵ָͷ˵չŮˣ˱ȽϸרҵڣʲôҾͿԸ㲼ƣҿԸ紷дֵʱҸīϴʣиʲôˣҲȣСǸܣ
ֱֱĵȻ˵ʲôìͷתӺͣӺͣŵĲʹ
Ӻ˿ûΣҵĿ⣬̹еǰ԰ﱾǸ˾ְҲȱˡӫΪֻԲŶ˸λáλĹӣȲҲϴ·첹ǲᡣԼӣôҲһ԰֮ھҲĲŮûȷʵ˵ȥԾſ
ô˵㻹һƬ㡪ұӺһҿΪ롱ı˵
ʵ޷룬ȴǰ˵ɡתָԺĵȥ·ԴϵĶˡ
־ŭ°;ǿһ̧Ҫҿ˺þòƯֺʵ·ءҲ˺ð졣ôĴ磬Ȼ顣С㣬㣬㡪˼Ҳ߹һֵҪϴӣæ˺һͣ˺󡪡վˣֶߵľ룡
ıһһȻվסˣĿңΪʲôҪֶ߾룿´Ұ죬ȻһЦģС㣬òں߰ɣҿ̫㲻ϰŶ
˭ˣֻܲһȻɵڿô
˵ʲôȥ·ŭ
һ죬۾ȴҹŹֵգţ³һ˱ĻС㣬˵òỹǴŮɣ
Դһ䣬ȫ֪ôӦҲǲҲǣҲǣǺ⣬ֻжĸɵֶۣ̲ס޲øϿʧźãԣӦϿʧŶԣ
Ҽֱȥѩʱʲô飬ǱӣǳЦǺޱ飿ô밡
Ҿ֪Դˮ˲Żġֱ֪Ӷ¶ɾ
ǣʱȻһӿмɣҲˣ
̣սȭͷԼȥҧгݵѹһûгסϣ𣡡
ʱ˰ڱЦ
תͷȥӺͻһº͵΢Ц۾õĿҪЦ⣬ҿ˿̵ôһ츲ءҲǱ˭ģһ㲻֪ʡȻԴΪ֡
ĵһѩ£ѾͷȥֻĶͷ飬ɴԼ̵Ǻż΢΢ʶļҺͣʵҲǣǡҶ֪Ҫʲô군ˣҾ롣
һ⵽㡣
ž͸˵ˣϣŶЦĿӣתͷȥȻһߴһʣ£㲻Ļǡ
޿̵ıˣͳͳұ죡


 101 

ڴһͷڰʱʱðĴЦӺ΢ЦбľȻֻҪС봩ʲôʹʲôұ֤ԲС˵ȥ
ͷƵĳԷ̧̲ͷѩһۡ
˰ѿһӣޱҽˣȥϢˣԱ㡣ģȻ͸ʰꡣˤˤһʮǮ
˦ԼķȥҲֽΪʲôңⲻӵĹС㣬˼ҴôƯҪմ

ڶ죬ȥ˽
ѩѾ˵ˡҽźƽֻңβ˵֣֪ζʲô𣿡
ҲΪȻЦΪеѡĻ֮ѳɲ֮ơҷǵ֮ˣҲȰ˰ֲ𣿡
ƽüͷɫ任ѾȥôꡣұΪһ졣ңʹôأ
ǰǰһмӵľˣȻǳǳһ̾Ȼһֲ԰ĸоһ˲ʮꡣ
հ˵Ǿ䡰ڵʱŮӢ۱ڳһӦأͬоֻʣһڿ֧ţһȻֻһж뵽Ȼƽ䣬ʵôǾ˶ٲųģмֻΪ˵
΢΢׵٣ĿǰΪֹһλҪҵ
ƽէ𣬿ҵĿȺ͵ͣȻָֻȻЦҵȻϣڲϵҾȡе⣬ѩΪʲôôעˡһ򲻴ᡪҿͲ󡣽ˣ
ұһ䡰ѩΪʲôôעŪϰ£ѩڹעҰסԼǷǣ½ʮˡ
δھ˲ŻƵſˡƽǰƺڿң˼ƺܵĺԶˣǸʱǣҲһСûĲŻһֲ֮ʼʱҲһ񣬷ԣΪûʲôģ飬һһĶһˡƽƺԳЦЦתͷңܳȤ𣿡
ԽϸԽáҲϸڡұʾԼġ

ǸʱҲǸոھ˼꣬Щ˾ǵĻһְÿСҲһȺǵ˵ŮĺȾƶǮ̨żСҲͱظգϼӣҲϡֱʶ˷塣
ƽһãȻ΢Цѩ¸׵Ĺ
ԭѩµĸֽг塣
塢´ԼڵĹϦƵʱľӡҵʱΪٳɫǿ´ȥȴû뵽ȴĵҵʱһļѲס˲ãһ㾪ΪˣȻǰȥΪΧȻؼң֪ǹܳ谮ӡ
ܴңһۣڹеλãͬڵľŻһβ鲻ʵǼһһʼҲǡң´ʵĸĸһҸĸһȻѪԵϲ׹ϵ´ʳ塮żһȥǿˡһҲԼоԾҲģԼһЩ
ҲһŮҲͷһ֡Һ֪ʵǿ´ʡҲ˵Ҳµĵ˾ڵĻϣǸʱֻǲô۵ʮŮֻǸƷľҲ̫ܳ裬ĪľͶҺ´ʵԵҿó´ʶҲܸȤϵܺãӦǲῴ˵ġ
ĸ˳Ҹɳ棬Ұ͡ϵʱڹеλͻûȨλ֮ǣǵӹĺ⡣ǸʱŬҲϿɣҵƷˣԼҲǿҵĸı䣬ĹϵҲûôӲˡ
һΣ͵͵ȥʱȴˤ˽ţﲻáҺͻֻȥҴ;һϢʱ˹빭ҩǸʱҽѾܲˣһ۱㿴˵Ĳᣬǰѯӡǲ֪ѾͷƣܿӰ콫ߡ
ΪϣȴǲøİŮ˿ġǸˣ֪ǵΪѣ˵ʦҲЩҽûġһ֮£֪ʦܾȻǺ̫ʦĶӺϦȻĽ飬ǳм
ȻϦھ壬´ʲ£ȴǼ߶ǴûнӴǼ͵ų棬±ա˳ȥضҪܷǼҲܲһϼƣ˵ϦΪǴʣڷ´ȥϦһʣӦμ͡
û뵽һ˵ϦʹӦˡ˳ŷںμ˵ӣ˳ںμҾۻᣬܻϦİ˺õĺܿ죬м֮Ǻܿȥ棬ʱҲǵµʱҲһһӹԽң˵ƽ̾һ룬¶˺鷳ҲǴǸʱʼѿġ


 102 

Ǹʱ򣬹עǶŮ߻Ů˫ǳǲǶǧʵҲõҪȷϼ̳˵ʱǾͷɽ
ұһһʮǰʱȥȴȻɽ֣һʶɽ
ƽɫ쳣͵Ҳ޷ڻҲǸܣ֪Ҳ١
ĻʴȨȻڻʵۡһᰴŵǰռһеһŮ飬ҲС졯֮ʽʽÿһŮᵽÿ˳һֻɫ͸ʯ֮־ʯģˡ
ͣЦһҪһžδҲ̫Ϸˡ
ƽûзңֻǵ㲻֪Ҳ㡣Ŵڵʱ䳬½йҴڵʱ䡣ǵ˺ɽߣʹҲ¶ԼݡԴһδŵ֡˹ûԿʵ۾ͶʴžĹءңŵŶǷǳʦεġ
ƽ˵һŵҪʦΣôû˵ҺȻл֣̿һֱΪʦҽŵĿģ޷Ϊ˰סɽĵ˲ɽŹ档ƽ˵ʵôԭǣ߸ʦΨʦ
ʦǺܳɫʦ֪ģ߸ҪʱΨǿﵽҪΪһʦҪľҪԶ볾һǿʦռκ˵ˣȴǲռԼˡߵˣʦӰԽģܱռԽģ֮Խ˱֤ռ׼ȷ⣬Ϊ˱ʦʦҲˣܸӰ졣ӴԽ٣ǣҵ˾Խ٣Ӻ̶ܴϾͶֹΣΪķ
ҴСɽǸʱʦҲȷ߸˭ܼ̳ʦһְԲһֱңҲ˲ǰİɡ֪̳ʦɽǾԲѧҪġ
뵽ȭͷЩѹʦҵɻûʦĴҪΪ˲ϧôãʦ㾹һ˸ҡ
ƽɫЩȻʵôˣ
ǿЦЦεûʲôңֻ룬˵Ҫŵ֮ȷΪʲô̫ŮȴûоһʽͲأ
ƽ͵öסңô֪̫Ůûоͱˣ


 103 

û뵽ƽУֻЦôҲû˵飬ԡ
ƽû뵽Ҹһ̹׵Ĵ𰸣ȻЦ̫ˡ
ǰҲɽӵ˵ʮġδʮ˾ʽʦ𡣽ӵź󣬻ʵ۲֪ôģȻڳѹǿ˴ŮΪ̫Ůƽ龭˵һ飬ЦʹʽǻԱͳԱҲǲ֪ġոһ˵Ҿˡ
ԭˡҰǰǷʲô뻹ãһ;ñǸʱ濴ʦ飬ôҲ벻ûмˡ
ƽԼǾû⳶̫ԶˣϻعϣһʽǼûʸμӼֻ֤лϣǽʱְɡ䡣һȥġʽûö೤ʱ䡣Ϊʽʼûж೤ʱ䣬Ůеľʯͷˡ
ʱϢĺܿ죬Ǽûм֪ˡȻǼ;ó䲻ָϢʱϸ´ʣıһҶӵԶûһȼ޸һġǸʱǴҲܲµ´ʲôֱܾúܾԺŸǣһʽ󣬳ľʯȷʵˣǾڴҵעתƵȥʱ򣬳ķԼľʯҲ
ʼȻǿңʱеĸо𾪺Ϳ־ݣֻҪۡڱϾڹ꣬ǿԼܿ˾ʯͷؽԼӣ治ɫļȺһءƽ˵ɫȻǸʱ򣬾ע˱ضӱܵķ粨ɣǲܡ
תޱ䣬֮ڣǽ֮̾һ
ƽȵĿһۣ֪
æһϼƵ˵
ƽЦû뵽
ǫ˵ֻ֪һ
ƽֵʵҺףõľʯºʦջģĪһ飬ʱΪʲôûбأȥֻܹˣºҲܸ̾Ҳעơ
аЦʦôûз־ʯ޹һ飿ֻǲ˵ѡĲǣβ֪ʱ˵ΣҪôҪô齣˺˯οʦʱֻһʣȴǲ漰ġ
νֹʵǷǳ̵ҪˣʹΪʦʦ֪߱ȻǰʧϣȴһҲܿڡʵ֪º󣬷Ǻ߶ǰߣʦǼϵ
ȻʦԸҲȤȥ˵κλĬĬ롣


 104 

ܿͱΪ̫Ů߻ŮΪ˱â߽פˡʵϣҲΪ˱ɡºȷʵǸƶ֮ˣȻȥʱǺܰꡣƽ΢΢¶һЦǸʱھУżлӴΪȷʵ²Ʋѣ޹һŻ
Ȼµʱˡǳһֱû˵ҲǺǰһңաͿԺϦ飬ֻûѣϦ̬ȴǺԹܺãȴʼάʦĳ̶ȡܳʱǰ֮⣬˴ŵЦȴû뵽ȴǿһЦϦϲ˳䡣
ϦǸ˼ϸˣҲͬʱǸ̵ˡһģʮͷţ֪Ϊ˺ܶᣬϣȡúϦģһʱͲΪ⵼±˴˵ơƽЦһ£ϧֻĸ˵һԸѡܿķʼչ
Դӱ̫Ů֮Ըͱ仯ܴ󣬶ԽǺͰٹٵ̬ȶǰǿӲ˺ֶܶ࣬ҲʧȥºͣʼĺȻûͻȴҲӴ⻹Ƿˣ´һξȻײˡ
´ʺ󣬾ʱ´һͬ档´ĹϵĹϵڸ´ʺͷжҼ߶Ľ£ԳǼ׽ˣ֪ࡣ´ʲܹȻܾ̫Ů룬аżǻֽţζȵͻ顣漰ҵĶɣôô͵ͬʱӼ޸ͬĻŮλŮ䲢ҵ׻֧˭أôһǱڵĲȶس֡ȵΪ˴ֵİҲܾοҲó衣ÿζǿн侲ٺϼ취˵黹תء
ʱһҲһЩߣԺ߶ľ˺ܶࡣǰϾӴƵǳ˲ٲɺҥԡЩ˵ʵȻǳǺϣ˲òš
ץ֤ݣûвȡжһڰʩѹóԽԽѹһ湫Ȼȵ۱Լ´ʵȢ֮ġʼ仹ͣϢʱ̲סˣçײĴȥȵ۽´ʵһһʮȫ̹˳
ǲ󡣳䱻ȵۺǳһ٣Ʒжӣ˼ʮ壬ԼĸУ´ȻûбȴҲѹ¸㡣ΪԷﻹеʱȵݻ´ʻµľڳʩѹƶ£ٹҲ׷ʾҶɲɶޣֻǻʴ
ԼУҪ裬ʱԼǿʯͷҳһǹâѾ͸ʯ飬֮ھʱһ˿ϣԼѾͷһҵʱȻϾѾ޷أȴ̲סȥȻǿ龧ʯ
佫ԭԭңһҪԲ´ʼ޸ҵʱѾĻͷתֻ֪شǡȻؼҽžֹ⡣ǷҲаŮװңβ뿴䵽˱³ҽҵľʯ֮ת忪ʼҲ֣ڤ˼룬Ωаѳ̫Ů֮λܻһ£ܱס´ʵδ
ǣ뷽跨뷨˳䣬ûжñӦˡʵ鵽һ䱾ѾҪʲôˣΪһλǾԲŹġҺͷͿʼ߻˺ܶ취޷ʵ֣ʣΨһѡ񣬾ǰɱȻ󹫿ľʯ࣬ûʵ۲òܳ䡣Բɱ˵Ĺ˽ҺͷȰɺܼ򵥣´ʼ޸˳ôͺϦмܳףϦ;ûһϣˡ
ҵʱžǵĻǾӣӵдõ鱨꾫׵ҽĶǵǷ켫ǳֻһ֧˵̫ŮĻӺڽܵһơ
ǵļƻܼ򵥣ֲܴڡƽȻһ㲻ùʵİɱֻĽȴǳϵ˳䱻ĵʮ죬Ӧ´ʵȥ˻£ȴҵĲΧסʮױҩȫŵΨһӳȥԮİȫ¶ڷ߼УҵΧնڱҰΧ󲻾ã


 105 

Ȼûɱȷһ˲䣬һǸоԼһһѣΣ亹ֱƽ䣬ռƻһҽһдǰŽһƽĸףȻȥҳ䡣Ҿʹ󷽷õ̧ųʬ壬ֻһײסȫĸۡ
ȵȻҽȥɵҽײҿʱ˶סˣ޴롣ҳûǳǸϿÿǳ֮ŮʵĻʴӦǳ䡣
;߸鷢չԵҴԼĲſһͳˣȥɫȻ԰һ㣬ȴǲʧŮϡԿص˵ҪҴʬһȥʥصڿ̫ŮʬʱѾȫסȨ͵ȥҵ飬ʱҲãֻǽ
Ȼʱ޹Ⱥǡʱ򣬷ѾһӡҵʱԸԼʮƣҲһίǰͷ˵ڽûг䶨ǰ¶ԽԽãǱǱƵģȻܱ¶в顣ֻΪṩ鱨ûֱӲ롣Ϊ鱨ˣֱӶԻʵ۸ķ岻װʲôûвԵˣֻϾͺáҲܴƲϵΪ˱ȵۻ鱨ԴȺͷԺ˿ڹ
ϵӡһ˲䣬׷Ѿǽ鶼ˣԼ̻¶˳Էܳĳ̶ȣʹұ飬ȵҲὫŭйϡҲĿ壬ǽҲתͷһۣȻٺһʮܳ䣬ҡҺͷദʱĬѳɣȻֻһۣȴɲǼ˵һУ˱ܣͬѣ
ȵۿɫϣŭͳ޵۹Ҫǵٴ֪Լһ˵ʲôǶֻ࣬ӻȡԼǿâĿľʯȵǰȻһڵϣĬĬȴȵ۲þ֮ܳɹɱһΪԼɫϣּϱԴ󣬷˶ǵĽ䱸ԲŴʮ˵ױȥ˻£ǿɳ֮һ˿ģ̸ĸ׵¾ڳеӰԼڳֳ֧Ĵ󳼵ߴӵ̫ӵһӵϵĻǶֿܵ
ԴͷβǶûȵ濹ֻԼȳʵȵѡ񣬲ѰơΪֻҪȵһϸĻʵۣʹٳ谮Ҳֻѡһ·ȵҲˣǲұ֤ʹʧŮ£ǵѡڶģȵۻѡΪİŮ𡣳ɹʧܵļʣһһ롣
ȻǶӮˣȻҲûлվ˵Щˡƽ΢ЦһЦ
ڵڶ쳯ϣȵҪ鹫ȥʱɽˣ˵ĺ䣬ֻ˵ϣʮӹ黹֮ǰȡһȵ۴˿ȻҪҪسʽȡһ龧ʯ˵ڰʾճ侧ʯ֮ʵġҵʱȵۿźʱ򣬱ƽ޲ɫķǳѿһ˿ԹޡʱŵŽʯ鹫ʱһǳ䣬صĳ
ܳη׷ţʵʵٹٻĽ˳䱻̫ŮʵοΪҺ´ʵĹϵȻǽֳ֧ȡûʴ֮λһ죬̫Ӳ䣬ֹ£´ʱ̫ٹ¾̫ӾĻ䡣ǳݻ˺ܳʱ䡣
۾ô´ʱˣ
ƽͷ
ֵ´ʼ̫ǺйʷΪκι̫ŮҪ곤Ȼֻڵ壬ַʲô飿
ƽһۣȻܶ飬ܶ飬ֻҪ͢λϹϵʣʼԣȵֵʱѾȫǴǰˡ


 106 

鳾䶨ǶһΪԹһαȽңӡ֪̫ŮҲҪЭٹġҲͰˣôܻæ͵еĻᡣڳ󲻾ãȻдӶһЩ˼ĶЩȥǺϦдż㣬н´ʶģ֮νּ棬ʲôطʲôдʮϸ
ʱ֮ǰҥ´ʵʱЩ汾˵Ȼ޼ͺҥԵۿһзһ
ԾľͲֻǳˣ´ʺͷ壬ҡ´ºƽ⣬Щ˵˭ǵĵߣȴô롣Ϊ´ʼ޸˳Ϧ޸ĻʹӣȴǾԼ鱨ûռϢΪ˱Ҳ¼ɵ˸ѣʱʲôû˵ֻȷ彫һвȴǸӴĿġʾϦǶʱ֮˵٣ǵҥʼҲɢġ𾪵ǣ´֮ĵһ棬Ҳһֵݡ
Ҳ̲סˡΣգܵľţѪĴۣ֮󣬹ᵽ󣬶Դ´ʺͳĵһμ档Ϧ֮Ȼһ濴ʹһڲϵƶļƻ˺µȫɿεѣʲô˵ʲôûǰܻ䣬Ϧȴֵ£зӦ죡ΪĳͱѸеޱȣȴΪı֮ϸ֮˼ֶ֮֮߳һ󵨺˭뵽һȫѷ´ʺͷò£ȻһЫġ
Ǽ̵ʱȥθʺϦϦȻܸɴĹϲ䣬һ̬ӲıʾҪҪɱϤ㡣伤֮£ҪϦȴסˡ̹Ȼ˵ϦΪ̫ϲ䣬ȻĲԸȢ´ʣİɱƻУϦȴǶԳֻδᡣΪǰ֪ϢһɡϦԸĿԼ֮ȢˣҲԸԴӳ󣬺Ϧյľ㱣ҲǾ޴ġ俴ҲṩķϣĸϣԭһΡ
Ȼɱ˺ϦҪָǰӣȻѾǲˡ˶ο䣬ڳѾӽƽʱȵۺȻһͻ̫ʦ֮ӺϦΪ̫Ӳ
Ǹʱ´ʵĻ䲻Źȥ꣬£ǾԲôʱڸһŮδͻ顣Ƕףȵ۵ıֶΡȻɱǣĥĥǵȴĵġ
ȵ۸ıּȴ´£´ʵǳ˿̲ű꣬δȣ㣬Э㡣Ȼ֪̫ŮǧһһջҪԵģֻ˭ҲûԤϵô죬ôԽܡ
ΣһºϦ˳ĲҲò˷壬ΪдһؼҡһؼҺ󣬰ķԸȥ˾УΪңһûˣΪҺ̫ŮãҲҼҽｫλáҲ׵εְ񡣡
ʱΪôһܻؾһˣȴû뵽ǸʱƵƵֻڱ߾һ꣬廥ͨţ˽ԷĽֱһиңϦˡǸʱ´ʻһҲƺʲôʼԾˡ
Ϧеͬһףü˶Ȼʵ۶ҵֶѾ̫࣬ڻ̫ŮʱͿʼʾԶټġþûпʲôģȥ´ʣ´ʻ˵ܺãϦֻһ⡣
ҵ´̫ΪҸؾһΣû뵽ܿң̫ŮӺԼôɾϾˣȫֻر߽ٳұϿؾȥ´ʣɣüҲ֮ɫĻȻȥ˷壬ΪľͬҼоԼ۾ԽԽܴƿһ嶯飬徹Ȼ۾ûգʹӦˡҸ˵ļ첻֪Լʲôʵףķչ˳˳Ծ
ҺͷĻº;ˡμӵ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ¡ݻȲϳ´ʵģҵǶˣҲˡҺͷõʱ򣬸оҸĪҡ
˼ȵʹĴӦͷĻ£Ҳ֮ǰԼ̫ࡣͷ׺һ£ҾͻصӪ֮Ϊ߽԰ÿҾһؾһžֶۡҴӷҵ֪´ҲˣһŮܵóĳ谮
һº󣬼гǶΪ̫Ůȷʵ߲ҪʱȫĽ䱸ϧƫƫԸΥ󣬵ͬŮز۵زۣʧٵʧ٣ֻʣĸһ´һ󣬼ſʼԭһжȵ۵ܹ̫֮Ů´ʵĳ谮Ǵͻңֻҵһֶζѡ
Ǹʱҽӵţ˵ˡƽɫƽ


 107 

һصҵʱѾǽӵŵһº󣬾һҼ£ҵһۿʱζԸǷ塣߲Ǿɫģȴġɢһ˾޵ķɺȻɵĸ߹󡣶һķ壬ȴɫ԰ףɫƣݵĺֻʣһǼܡϲһͷĺڷɿ޹⣬ЩҶ⣬ϾǼһ飬ɷȴ͸ųصʹ޿̵ƣ˲ΪµӶȥеһ
ΪѾںϦ빬󲻾ó̫ҽҲȥˡǿε˲ֻ࣬˹Ϊ忴ңһֽҩֽҩʧȥһֹݺ˳õҩһ徹ȻҵĺӣΪҩż˺Ĺ̾Ǿһһѣʷϴûйƽӡõİ취Ǵ̥пܻ
Ȼ֪ԼԹҩģȻȴһǰ֧Ųס赹࣬űŷдŴһҲ׷岻ǹӣûˣΪʲôԹҩҵĻشǣΪ
ȵ۴ӦȫǵĻµ֮һ÷¾ġ޻嵱ʱǵǣΪɼҴкԼҲûйϵһֱ鲻֪ɵ巢ԼȻʱ뷨ȫˣʧȥӡҵʱŷ忴ڴϣʧȥ򶨸߹ӣһţֻҪһĺӣΪʲôΪʲôұΪȵۻῴڷ谮ĶӷϣŹǡ뵱ȻһӦߵ·λΪΪŹأοһǱֱ֡
ҿ鼤ƽʵǺأ
֪޻Чɱ˲Ѫҩڹֻ»ֻһ֡е硰ɲǷһһʱһľޱˣһ󣬾ͻѸ˥ϵʮӣȻȥе硰ˡ˲þֲʵҪôǽԼա
ƽ˵ΪѾйĸ£Ѿ˴̥ʱˣǿдղڷ䡣ĻȻЦˣ˵ºˣ˭ҲĺӡǲţùһȴóͬĽۡҿŷ徫񼸺ֻܷȥӵĴ㡣ȥְһǶӴԼǷһοĵӡ첻ǺͶĺӲϵ˵ǲкŮֻдϰٵ֣ʵġÿٸһ÷ͺӶܹƽĶȹһء廹ûܳȥֹ£ʱԣ󡭡
ҺοСͷ峤ļģ۾ȽҡƽԼҸۡĳ֪һѩµķ䡣
Ϊȥһʱ䣬ȵٻعʱ´Ѿˡ´ʲĺΣȻʼۣ̫ҽԺһֱ鲻̽õĴһҲûСҽȥ´ʣȻţȴܺãÿϢ⣬ǽС˵д֣ΪʲôСȥʹ´ʵΣĻشȴֻܺ˵õģҿĿ˸˵ݣҲвõԤУǿҲʲ
´ʵһ첻һ죬ҳ̽Ҳȥʱָιҩл㰲οٳ´ʻǺܺõġֹ˿£´ʿʼƵĳֻԺͿѪ󣬳̫ҽԺóϷʱ˹⣬̫ҽͳһΪ´ʵõǷ죬ֲǣһֱûиȷеĲ֢Ϊļֺ´ʵƳ磬´ʻ˹Ĵɼʹ´ʵĲֻʱȶҲûκɫ
ֹʮ죬´ʵĲȴͻȻʼ񻯣걻˸ֲʱɫ㲣üлеǣʹģţҲֱֻȥ´ʵô¡´ȴңĴڣΪ̫ŮעǲҲԼעˡ֪´Ȼ濴ôºôǳĿֻţȻҲвܸҵܣвڿڵĲ²⣬޻˵СʱʱļĬֻΪ˱Ұɡ֪ʱȵ۶ҵĺѾԸˡûң޵˲ңһǷǳҸ´ʲٽ룬ٻ
ʵûа취ֻȥҳ䡣˺Ȼ´ʻҪƣͳصӣô¡ȴֻҲҪٹܣᱣ´ʵģȻҺ´ʶûкô²ȵ۵ֱʣֵΪԼԭ򣬷´ʲֻûؼСᣬȴСҲûеȺܳʱ䣬ȥĵʹ´ȥϢҽȥ鿴ȴûһعѾؽΡһʱҪȥʹôҲȰסֻýԼСҺͳûģΪ˶飬飬ûһΪ˵ġʱٶ̲סҪȥҳ䣬ȴǰҡҪҡҲѾٶֱֻͣʥּ´
ǸʱʼҶԾǵһжûκθо÷´ʣտķ壬빲Ĺ꣬һУѾɢڻһӣĺӡΪ˱ҴСᣬŹص˱߽ǻ顣ֱȥĸȥҽδ󽫾һְźСֻ˾ǡǸʱѾʮ꣬ڶµһ˳ɳ佨óߣΪʹӦˣȵҲͬ⣬û뵽侹Ȼ쵽ˡִСͳص˱ֱ߽ǰȵۼݱǻɽҪ󽫾ʽļ֤ҲִӻɽδŮδʽܷ̫Ůܷھʽ
ƽ㽲ʱͣתҵʵס֪ûоȷϻʴǶô޴һ飬ΪʲôҪôҳԲȳ͡ҲѾһŵģ֡
һһѾõĲ裬ҲΪ˱磬Ϊ˸Ȼʷ򱨳𡣡



 108 

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ҵҲ룬߻ȵйԼȵ۴ӦСʱߣôȵȥ󣬻ϾͱιŮΪ̫Ůʾ֮ΪĻһҪɱԴﵽҵĿġ
ƽֵջǲܱ簡
΢΢̧ͷЦʣ룬ʵ̫ŮʾڳϣѧǰŮһ߽ءʵΪ̫Ůȴڳϣôʲô³
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ҴûмλʵۣҲȤڻʼңӺͳ谮ȻûԼĲôꣻάԼƽӹ£ܽύô֪ܸɵѣҵԼˣԼںô̵ʱȷѡ񣬲̵޿̣Ҳѵʱ򣬲ŸԼѡԼĵһ
һνоգԲܺáлᣬһ뿴һ޵ֶ£ж˼ء
˼䣬һС˽ˣǵ˵Ѿ緹ʱˣλǻû̸꣬Թ˵ɡ
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СһߣƽŹֵĿһۣȻǰ档
һ·ĥƽҵ񵽵ô£ȵ˳Էĵط֪ˣһϵĲ˿ǧһȥ͹ˮ㣬һ͵ˣһʨͷһ̷ѼһɫŨ
ƽһСᣬʲô²˰
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ѩ´˿һƵĳѵõӴ硣Ҳ·ǸողŻģΪЬϻԵա
㣬ʨͷѳСײˣ˿ѩһµĻشһ߽뷹Ȼ󽫿Ӻӣݸǡ
룬ôܿﵽװʲôҲǺܴˡ
Ǽһ㡣
ƽ治ɫİڵȥ¶пɫȻɫ׳Ľ


 109 

̸УҲûеõõϢΪ´ʡ͹ֽڸΪСȻҲ֮⡣
ָֻʲôϢˡ
뿪ҸطȥԵʲôΪոȥġҲ٣ҾڽϻȦһЩ˵
ƽβҽΪʲôȴûо£˵ʱľĿӦòǽΪļ仰ɡ
ߵһС̯ǰһС״Ļż˿ĵ̽ңھҡҵĶӻŮȢãȢ˵ġҶѩĵĻҪóֵ׼ǳ˳ĺá
ңڵˣ޲ĽķߵߡһһգٶԹЦ̸Сں̫Ů˻ϣȻûܱ´ʡƽܱѩء
̾Ϣţҡҡͷ
ڳ糤常ԭȴһεֹǱԼߵֹ˵˲ԸŪ࣬˲֣Ϊֲô޺ֶֹǱֻһԣ˼ȲԳ籾ûж⡣ǻʵ۱˵ĿԺܴ
ǻʵ۱˲ԸģôԭһȥΣİȫڶʵ۱˾ڻǰ⵹̫Ů˵ǺμҵʱΪʲôʱ⵹μңΪĿǰܲϲ㽫μһӴú̫ʦƺ⳯Ͳö֪ˡ

ֻͭСżԴӽɱҵСʱסѾüûмֻżɡ
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Ȼˮǧ Ҳֻȡһư
̶̺αѰ

һ ֪˫
̫ỳ ֻҪ
зɢ

氮 һ
ֻҪһң

ӹЦ ԹԿ
ԾƵ蹲Ƶ

氮 һ
ֻҪһң

ӹЦ ԹԿ
ԾƵ蹲Ƶ һֱ

ĳǻ׻ĸӦǺټģֻֻܰõһر׺ѲеĸоеȻǼƷһ٣öԽͺû˿ᷳĴ̶֮üԺѩµķ飬Ÿоˡ
ӵʱѩ¶ҵ
ҵȻ
ѩºһһ㶼֪ǫ顣ְһӸҡ
ҽסӣҪúÿҫԼһȴΧĿ˶վԼȺ˴ѣ˵û𣿽øոǸٳһףеǮ


 110 

Һѩѭһһˣץһ裬ݵˣźݣٲҾԼȥ̨ҡ
Ƿ豻ץҡȥոλĲǵˡǵļϷӵʱ֪ô˵סˡ
Ů˰ѷһӣһۣΪ˵ĻҪ𡭡˵Сһİơ
ѩԽԽҪվҰס֣οƼ԰С¶ã͹ˡõġ
ѩҵĻ۾ϷԺһɨȻмߴŮ߿⼸Ů˽ŲȣĿȻϷԺ˹άĻԺ
ѩ²Էģڴ˿̣һߣǽƼ԰һףֳһ㶼档ǰɣ׾棿
󣬵˶ˡ
ֳĺŮˣһΧ۵ˣߵһͷɴǰ´һ£ոǸ㳪ģ
һ򵥵ѩɫӡĻƵĳһ͸˿һûһȣһ˫ϵ۾ת˹ͷҲ̧һ£ҳôô㻹ܰôˡɣ˵ŵ٩۾ȾһĨЦ
㡪Ůӱһв˳һϵĲ˹ȥûͲҽһڵϡ
˻ûзӦԼҲĳ֮꣬ˡ
ָЦѽѽ׾棬ֱôôȻһǶΪҺܴ³ܱԺˣҿôѽеǱԹţȴǳŪԽļͷģĻɫװŮӣֻǴ۵ߡаͣոһ̸֣ɣٶȾһɽڣӫģƺûмһġһԲѷҲŮӵְɡ
ڼƼ԰Ժǰƺ԰еĹߵǰһۣͿ蹫ӣ˼ȻƼ԰ϷҲƼ԰Ŀˣε˹ӣ빫̧֣Ƽ԰һӡ֮ǣôûϵֻҪƼ԰ͳˡ
һ蹫ӡĸ֣ɫˣеıеЩ΢ԾеһϷӣ͵͵Ц
Ǳ蹫ӵ沱ӣδ˿һĽľ΢΢ΧŮӿֻʿˮֻһ򵥵ĶȴķǳޡҶͥŪһסЦһ룺⾪蹫ӵ˭Ƽ԰Ϊã
ţȴץҲתͷѩһҵ۾ҡɻĻѯôˣȴޱһ仰û˵ֱңȻһԲİ档
һֱߵƼ԰棬ѩ²ŷſ֣쿴һۣȻתԼˡ
ĪıѩԺӣű˦һˣͷˮ֪ѩµڴʲôգҪ׷ȥʣȴ˽ס
λС㣬ūΪ㱳˺ڹôһлûоͻأһԶƼ԰ſڴ


 111 

һͷȥǾ蹫ӡ·ᣬûһһ˿ҳҲ˿о˲ߣƮ
֪˵Ҷ̨ŮӷҵμҲǵùΪʲôأ
ʹ㲻棬Ƽ԰Ҳܴ飬Ҳ̨֤ݡҷ׷ǹʣȴͷͲܱҷҳһ飬ɵӲŻӦĻ׻˵ĺãڷǼ鼴
С˵ô飬İ蹫ߵҸǰһ滨ı飬ҾʮֺЦ
ĽΪж߳ģǰӵĺջȴǿװģף㲻ñŤΣֻøЦ·ǰıһԵסҵͼϵʱҲûжܣֻ۾ʲô
վ蹫ӻûܳɹϣΪұһɴһȥˣһ£ͷһѩ²֪ʲôʱֻˣץҵһֻ첲ޱ˵㲻Ҫȥ𣬻ĥʲô
蹫ΪʧɽûˤţŮӷһ²վȣԹĿңС㡪һβת˾תֻеֵġ
ֻø첲ʹǳ鴤һ£ǿװƽӣҽ컹飬ʹɡᡪû˵꣬Ҹо첲ϵּӴ˼֣Ͻ죬ͷԹԵ߿
澪蹫׷ţС㣬ҽ˾裬˰

֪ѩˣȴ֪ˡ͵͵һۣˮȫǳľսСӣСӺ͵ʲôҲʲô˳ʲôСɡ
ӲֻһŴһһֻСӡȥ԰﷿ӻвٿŵġȴ˵ϲ򵥹ˣο԰̯ӵĵط̫Զһ㣬ҵ롣Ȼұֻסһ鷽㣬Ҳʡȥ׬⡣ǻٻǴζ֪ΪһŮжЩȻΪ¡οؼһرԽȻҲΪұһʲôҪæʱǶ˵ȫԸ˼Ҳ£ֻ棬⻰ǴӦĲΪ԰ǴȱƵġ
ӣҲոոСǳӴæûãеգȴѩһʲôЦŵݸСʦģ
Ҷһʲôѩû
Сѩ£ɫ̿˵ӣֿҡҵͷСŲ鲻ԸĽӹ쵽ȥһӷˣԵýζ
ʱŴ˼һңЦˣǽɡ
ҵͷָѩ½ܵѩ¡ָ󡣡
ѩͷû˵
ѩһᣬͻȻ¶һЦĿһ֪ۡǵһκȾʱ龰װûεĿһ£Ȼʵ֪蹫˭𣿡
󡰰һɴ۾ң㲻֪˭
ҿӺϹԶ΢Цȴ˵ĵãѵ޴ˡ
ѩʻϽӲıƺɶһ㣬һۣȻ¶һ޿ɾҩı顣
ûмΪʲôҪ֪˭ŭ
¶һЦݣʵϣҺӺȥʶһλ蹫أҲȥģڣһ۱ֽӲѩµƺ㲻̫ȥˡ
ҲǣѵкѩµһĻᣬûҪΪһɵľ蹫˷ѡ룬ҲиŮӹܺãҪСһ㣬͵ʱҪ˼Ҽ˷ˡǲȥǵġ
Ȼµң£֪Ǿ蹫Ӽס𣿡
̧ͷһۣסʲô£ѵסڻʹﰡ
ǣסڰ١¥


 112 

һ£ôôɣ˾边Ȼٻ¥ľٶҡǰɱֶϣȻڲˣҲסˡ
˾֣Ȼȥٻ¥ȴǲ֪Ҫʲô
Ҵûָٻ¥ӫߣңڣҲܺ棬һǻʲôֶءɱֶһܴĳɡ
ӺҺһȥ
Ӻ϶Цˡ
Ҫȥٻ¥ӺͽСϷߵǰ
ҵͷǼȻңȻѾȫ׼ӫĵһ첻԰һȶءԲǳʲôУҶҪ׼һ£ҪгӲҪ򡣡
Ŵ죬񿴹һҰ죬Ȼ죬ͷɥˣȥ׼
üͷӺͣЦõĿңȻڹŹʲôЦǷˣҲģصʱôȥġ
ɴ˼ˣѹѩôƼҶܾ̫ûˣ뵽͵͵Ŀһѩ£С˵ǸСʲôʲôõġСҵ棬ֲ÷ֻһһ䡣
뱧ͷţģҶǸһȤûУѩ²ҪҰĲǼɫ㰡ѩ¸ոյķӦǵɣѵ˵ѩڳԴף
ɣѩôΪҳԴף
ôܣǰ컹ҲŲأ˰ɣ
ǣ鿴еأ
Ǹʱû飬￴ˡ
ʲô
롭ͻȻʶѩµʣæ˿ڣϿʲô⣿û˵졣
ѩ³ĬһᣬҺһȥ
ˡʲôҳԾУôȥֵط
ѩ¿䣺ҰŮװᱻ֡ҹҲǵġ
Ҽ⡣ֵطģôȥ
ҲȥΪʲôҪȥѩ·ʵ۾ңǲǺϲѩִּŵԸ񣬿ʱɲˣԸʱӫȻǰٻ¥һڶɱ֣֮ϻһ¥˵ʲôǱصɱУԸǲѩ·գϾжʧһ˺
еܻô㶼ȥһܵ¥ȥʲô
ôˣѩºȻһΣ
죬û
Ӳ
ѩŤͷߣ׷ȥס֣ȥ
ѩͷҲأֻƽ˰ٻ¥ǻôȥ


 113 

ֲָһ·ֳĲٷ֧С·ͺͬҲΧڡ
Ȼ˵¥ѾǴԽıĿˣվںͬڣһȥͷ׵־ҡҡȥŸֲͬζվſڡݺ꣬¥ϷˣҺȻôʵĸоһԵ
ת˿ֱߴǳſʼͱ󱻶ס˵ѩ£ӣת֣Ӻͣٻ¥
Ӻ͵档һ¥ǹģǵζ¥Ҫߡ
ʱС͵չˡԼ˼ϵҩϣԳһι¥Ľ䱸ĸ̶ѨһʵϣҲˡ
ǼѵĴĽֵһͷߵһͷӲϵıһ͵ץסѩ²֪Ǳ˿ԱǱıɽˣȻӺƺǻи֣ʹץסҲǼ§Էƨɻһ£ͺװһЦҺԼˣ´㡣״򷢵ˡ
ζûȥƨɺ˵ʹǣԹԵ·ҡΣĿбӣżһ˫˫ʮָͿޢָץ㲻ɫĲ˹ȥѩ˲أŭʲô·Ͽɡ

һ˫˫ͿޢֵۼŮҪԼץסˣһȴܺˮ±һͻȻģһ£Ȼץ˸գŮȴǹɵһԲĶ㵽һŮȥˡ
ԭǸ
Χһ˲Ĳ׵Ժ󣬶͵ЦŮͦ֫ȳƣһȻȲǸŮӵķ绪Ҳûұߵףʣȴ͸һ˵ɲˬ·ǳһƬҶӣعĵɫμ䣬һˮīûմȾڰɫ
ŮȻ㿪ȴûʿαֻİպ᲻ѡñһ˸ʽŮӵзԵøͻأЦĿһȺŮ˽Ȼ·Լһ׷Խȥסȥ·Լ¥ϡ

ûˣûˣûˣ
ҷŭĿԼ첲ϱָֻץһһǰ׺ۺۣ۽ֿӺͺһûͬĵڨЦҲΧѩӣҸоԼǱ˲ι۵СһֵΧˡ
ԥҪҪʩչṦֱӴһȺ˵ͷܵһ·𣺡ӴʲôͰȻôӭӣ
ɫ䣬Цݣٸ֣׷׺ˣóһ·
˾ȻûкøУȴҲлҽΧмĿһۣ˾һ仰Ͱͻص
ԭСԩҰôڲūҰūˣ˵ҵĸ첲


 114 

ۿҺţٻ¥Ȼô󣬳Ƽǰ¥мͥԺҲвС԰ż̨ͤ¥СˮʯݣַӰ޲ȻͬϪһڵͥԺеС·ϣƲж֮
Һ˾·Ȼǿûôߵٻ¥ſڡ¥ٻ¥ǰֹ֣ȴûѲֻмΪĿ˴ӣѼ䣬Ȼȥ
һһȥͳ˹עĽ㡣
һһЦߵǸǰ۾ӴʲôˣͶǵľ蹫˰ͬӭ
ڴӺ͵Ŀ֪˾蹫ǰٻ¥𱸸ڴ֮ǰҲǰٻ¥ĵҺƣʶύٴٹˣ˾Ӷߣȴоֶ̼ῴȥ
˾°ͣбһۣддʲôˣֹʲô飬ģ
ûȤһתȶ˵˻ȥ
ļ˱Ҳĸɸ£ֻżǶ࿴һۣһ߽ĺԼĿ˵

ǰ¥˾ŷſҵ֣ЦСӲ£СĪ֡ūٻ¥һ㾡˶顣˵ֵūСǵһأǲˣ֪СϲʲôģūҸƼ
ҿЦĺһֻһ۽ǵüŵϷ͹ζǳǳһЦ˵еһģʲôĵġ鴫гһ
˾۾һѽС۽ߣĿܻӭĹءٹǧ붼벻
Ц˻ϻʲôгɡ
˾һ˦ӣС㣬ļġǼĿæأ˵ͼȻҲ̸ǵһǲǣ
֪ճҪ𱸸ʹӹˣͣס˽ŲüͷǵһҪĸøЩġʱæûӣɣǰҼҲһСģģҲȥ͵蹫ӵ¥Σ
˾գգ۾С˵ⲻͼ𣬼ǵһūҲЩǼɡ
˵ֲ֪˶̨ͤ¥󣬼ɽ֡
ӺЦһӻǼӴ󣬾ȻҪôԶȥ
һζĿһ߹Ļȣˮ¹£Ĺ⡣
Ȼ֪Ѿǵ߹ƵĻȣȻҲпͬһȣֻÿν·򶼲һ˸оǲһĵطһͥԺУһԴӺͼɽͥԺ߼ȫס۴ĸ򿴣ʮĶۿȥƫƫӵͶ·ӱ͸ôʯͷҲš
ӹɣѾˡ˾һУһ˼Ȧӻ֪
ҿһӺͣǰ˾裬ʾΪǿ
Ӻͻ⣬硣ӺͿ죬˾졣ԴƳ۾һֻǰһˣ漴һתһߵС
Ӻͽ׷ǰԺȴһˣѰȻζҲˡ
ͣ˽ŲŽ²֪ǵڼ߹Ķʯ̳ɵС·ԭ̧ͷǺ˸תҲ²Ľԭˡ
鿪ʼԽԽ˼ˣǳ󶼳ˡ
ǳеҢ˼صǣ֮ϵָ󣬻ᷢԼ泯ʲô򣬿նһģһȷ˵һ˵һ濴ĵôתһǳУôתתٽǶȣܿ
ǳʦ̸ҵߴ֮һ临ӳ̶ŽǰɽʦҽʱڹһΣ⻹ǵڶμء
ҿ˿ڻ°ȻŲæüͷҹ۲ѩ£ɵļңǧҪӡ
ôɽǳУһֻ꣬׽ЩеСϪˮάʦëѪ²壬ſȥ


 115 

󷨣з䡣
֮ѣһֻ֣һԹԹٴٸӣֻҪһߣ·ˣγԣ߳һ졣
ȴǻ仯ġǻ˲䣬Ҳ䣬䣬ڱ仯ٱ䣬ʺΧˡޱ䣬ֻ˱仯仯ʺΧ˵Ķ顣
Ȼ
һ÷סһǣȥյ蹤ּⷢһ˸ȥһֻص˱Ǵ߰˴ΣдԼˣ߰˴λصǵʱ䲢ͬҲȷʵ߹ͬ·ߣĳЩطΪ߹·ߣ˻ʵȴǿͨµĵصġ
ʲôҲִأ
ΪʲôھߣƫƫҪץסʱʧˡ
ȻһְֱֻϣҴӳ˼кȻ˹ѩҵЪһ°ɣüͷšĸ񶼿ˡ
ұ˵Ц֣ôأ
Ҵ˼·𣿡
ûУѾͷˡֻһˣҲоľ£УܲǰľɫǷǳ˵ġ»кأҡӰҷȣˮ߻ѩ飬ʱ䲻ԣҾѩһɫ̸Ʒöá
ʲôЦôˣҺʡ
ӺƳһѩµ֣һתȥ
ѩ±ӺͿĲڣ͵ĳ֣תͷȥȥҰڻϵķһᣬȻһ𣬷䣬æȥץѩҲתһԴײһ졣
ͷΣѩ±ײڵϵң˼ĺǺһЦȥһۣԼվȥϵĻң۾ķȻеˮˡ
һȻոմϵµķ˳ˮܣѾʮ֮ˣѩºһ㡣˵űҪȥ׷
пǷ˳ˮߣȻһץסѩ£ϲȵȡѩ²Ŀһۣ˼У˼ɿתš
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һһ¸ո·ľ£ԽĿ϶Ϫˮ԰жֻһͬڴĳЩεĵطϪˮһı䡣ıпǿڳƵϪκûصߡҾʦһ򵥵ˮãʹˮߴ飬Ȼܹĸ߶Ȳ࣬ԵͥԺȴ㹻ˡ
Ϫˮı󣬽ִӱҪյ·ָ㣬Χƣ޷ֱ˱ƭ˻ͷ·ʵϣֻܶʼԭشȦӡ
ѾƮˡҴԱߵժһƬҶӵˮ˵ߡ
Ҷ˹ȥȻڴһȺһƬܴԺҶûдӻһƮΧľȴҲġĵصͥԺֻ²˷ʤ
ҵеˮı㣬һ֦ڵϻһͼܿҳƽĹؼ


 116 

ҽһɽϵĻתɽʯȻԶ³ͬʱǰ糤˽һȻȥһ˲е·ǰ
Ҹ̾һ°ٻ¥ֱ֮ǰȥٲͳ֡
һǳ֣һԴҡԶĻصԼʼλá
ҺڣҺӺֻ¾ͳǳˡЦǰ˿¶ֵı飬
ӰӰмܿƺһ޴ƽ̨ҹȴƮԼΪģ֮ľȫˡ
ƽ̨ϣһһ߼ששĸɫܣʮ־ϸ۲һļŵƣһĻͼвɣ˵ǳ
һϸȴмֻͼͬһɫϵƴһ𣬺һѵС·С
Īǡ
ҿЦһ£ǳɽӵͼ
ɽӵͼе˴ǳеķعأôɽӵͼǹءǳٸӴֻΧã沢ûκο˵ĻغĶҩֻҪʳˮΧ֮ٿǣɽӵͼÿһܰɱвͻΣա
ûв´Ļ黨ƴӳɵƽ̨мֻһֻ·ȷģһ̤ϴ·ߣͻ⵽ҹ۲ƽ̨ԵԼʮ֣Ҳ㲻ö࣬һԣҳȷһ֡ʵϣƲ򵥣ȷ·ضͬԹһ;ȷϵķֲڣһѡˣҲ֮
ܼȵͣǼӴѡ·ߵѡԿɣƽ̨Ե飬ĿǰԿ߷Χڣʱȷ·ߡ
ڰֻǰ˼Ǻţȴߵһ
һɽ軨Сĵ̤ȥһֻţûз쳣߽ŵϣע˷ĶҰƹҸոհƵʯשʱʯשͻȻ³Ľвã˹ɻƽ̨⡣
ٿʯש´ˮ³ʯשȫûˮɫ֪֮ںδ
ѡˮĵţոճµǿɽ軨ʯשֻĸصԭλãƽ̨ȱƴָǰһģһӷ춼ǴСȣ˿ģոͻһжֻǵĻþۿȥƽ̨Ȼһ壬뵽ʵƯһƬˮϵʯשɵء
˴ĿĵǣոʯשˮѪɫģŵζ˲ƽ̨֮£ˮ֮У֪˶
ǰһ̽һֻܡѩºȻվߣץסҵһֻ֡
ǲԣ˵¹£۾Ⱦһɫɫﾲ
һů΢΢һЦս֣ʼ̤һʯש


 117 

ѩңһ˺üֲͬƷֵʯשӺ͵İ´ƽ̨һͷ
ȷˣֻеƺĳʯשǲ³ġ
һ̤ȥȻСĵĲһʯשҲû쳣Ǹϣȴѩ¶ʯש΢΢㶡
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ûʲôֻǾе֣ǡˮѩϸһ϶
ˮʲôر𣿡ѩ»ϳһ˶һϵõƷ֣˵ӦټԥڼеļƷϼ˵ҵϲһֻټ
а⣬⵹ˡһҲ벻𰸣ȽǰΪϡ
ΪףѩµڶӺ͵
˴Լʮˮʯש˵һ·ڣֳ֧߻ұأȥûУ￴ó
ѩסңʾҴȥԡ
ҵͷұߵһˮСƹȥʯשȻѸ³ѩæסңһµǿʯשҲȻ³
һʯשܳ˵أ
뷨г֣˿ʱ롣סѩµԾҪѩ·֮ǰվһʯשϣ߲׽쬵ƿ֮аֱҴ󾪣ǿתѾֲʱѩȴһֻ֣䰵
ɵĺáҰһֽѩǰվǿʯשվвһԼ˲·ڵһ·ߵʯשϡ

ոպգһѡ·ߣʯש³Ҫǲһ㣬ֻ¶Ҫ
ѩµǵĶңҪСġ
Ӧһֽȥ˴Լʮಽһ·ڣξȻ֧αδҪѩңǹԹԵһ԰ɡ
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ҲֻһַɿĻȥоʲôһɲŵˮѾʪϥǡٶȥһغɫСһĶʯשĳ鴤Ǹոձпġ
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ûϵ߾ˡɡѩµ
УṦǳˮһɵҼԣôðա
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뵽Ҳԥѩ£ҵ۾ٶҪ죡
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˴Լǰ˵ķ򳪸ɡ͵Цһָоѩܸое뷨ʹûпı飬ҾҲŭ
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˼ûɢȥԽŨвòӾЩѩ£Ӻͣ󣬸ЩйŹ֡
˵꣬ȴûӦġ
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ʲôʱ򲻼ģҾȻ޲
ֺ˼ΣӦ𡣿㡣
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ҴˣǴӿߵĳȻһ֪ԼѴСΪոյ˴ҲаȴϰΪ˴һƬģ˶֪ܲ˵߹Ȼ˼ܣ롪ʲôʱ󶼲֪˵ѩ£Ӻʲôʱɢġ
ˣҲˣߺˡĸӲҢղ˴һ߶ʲôΣաıֻװ޺ģײͨľѡ
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ܿ˿ֻһˡа⣬ѵһûдг𣬱бΪԭ򣬾Ȼƽ
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ǰЩƣںܿʣǸϿ߳ȥɣҿɲһϺֻǴȥأ۾⻨԰Ȼûκβ·һ·ԶһԺ䡣Ժһ˸飬˻٣ԼܿķӴԼҲ񽨵ģ͸ˬ£ֻһֻ͸Σʵҹɫ£ζ
ٻ¥ﾹؾĳҵϡĵ᲻ҲҵĻþһأ
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ˣûеĻ԰˿̾Ȼ
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Ӻͻӽ£Ӱ˲ɢĿȺҲˡ
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ҲסеıУЦǰ˳ɺΧ֮ƽ˾ΧС
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˵ĹȻףԷҲ򵥡ʮʵ̫˶ʱгڵ⽣ӰǱ
˾ЦĺܿģҪں½ܣ۽ȴһ˴Ũ߳˴ŹִһߵĻʻһ䣬˻ڿУָʱΧȦǰ漸˵ҪѨУ̵ز
ϸǱ֮һƬССĽ޻룬Ƥ֣пڴи⻬
ٿڰΧȦУһɫڼͷǳЦݣػ˭


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Ƥȷʵʯ֬һ˫ȷʵ貣ˮƬ촽Σջޣһ˫֣Ҳȷʵˡ
ֻǣֻǣΪʲôǸˣ
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ˣҳȥɡҵɿ֡
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궢Ҽۣɫתϵ·һǰ档
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һĸоеѩҵĵط͵ôҵĿѪҺ·һ˲䷭ҸоӺһҪڻˣǰһƬģֻʣѩµѩ£

˾ȴѩʵôˣȻô죿
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ѩµֺûҲƮƮġҾ̲ס뿿оϢƺҲǱܹһ촽촽ôôˣҧһڣ֪ʲôоһһѩˬ졣ԽԽһֻҵһ
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˾鲻˵ѣȵѽҩ
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ʹʱǣȵķоһΧȦ˾裬ӲӲȻ²ߡ
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ʹʹҵСĵʡ
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BOSSҪǳˡ
ЦҪڲң㣬ʧȥϣѵ׸ɣҲûʹǧﴫ˾ڸԶһֱǡ
ȻȻǸƽϵСѾͷ費ǱôǱĸɽ֮һġο̸еĪҹƴˣʵҲģ
󣬺㣬µĿɡ̸ҲǸ˵ҲҲǸ¶ǻǺܳԿҸοڸµļУѵѵ²ɣһ̽Ǿȳȥǵİȫô֤
Ĭһᣬеŭػ£㲻ձϲͨ𣿱ڳϡҲ˵ˣǱĵ̣һѻ㻹ܲصʲôʱ򣿡
΢΢Цҵ˼ǲµľ׼Ǿͨ󷨣ڸβ˾衣һ˵Ҳ´ˣɹҸĹ󷨣ʦ㶼룬οˣû֪֮ԻÿԳֱ۵һ֮𣡣
ҲãǱһλĸɽһֽšǵʱҲ·
ı㣡ȻʧһȻеߺ޲ˬ
㲻ˬҸˬءŻеļƿҩۣһ˿Ц׸˾ʲôأ


 123 

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һûһµӣ¿Ұ󷨣
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Σĺźɡػ£Σ
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顪һϵ¯ɨϡȻ˲ûһܾĵλͱ£ܿں˵֡
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֪ҵȻ˵ҾܾŰԼ󷨵𣿺ûаɡ
һ·û뵽һ㶼顣Ǿ°ɡ̱۾һһȴС
ӺͳסУѩߣҲǾš
һ󼲷֪Ҫץסҵǰ󣬽ǰİһߣȥΪһ裬ȴû뵽ֻһըưٶδͣ
ָһָڰϣһС
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۾һһӣƮ㽣㾹ȻƮ㽣Ӻʲôˣ
Ӻ΢㶣һ̱˿ɳ֮һָѨ
˵ӺʲôʲôˣʵһϸϸӺͣϸĺЩӺͣӺݣѵĸŮ
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 124 

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תңЦҸҪ㣿ػ£ûİҲνˡֻҪҵϣγء
ҴĻʮһǰ㣿
ǲˣȻɫ䣺˵ʲô˵һ飡
۾תһȦһһ٣˵ʮһǰǰ󣬽ˣ㣿
Ķң˭ô֪
ҿһӺͣһ㣬Ѩ˲ңȻǷСӺ͡⣬ˣȻзʱѹţҲֻʱ־ϻЩ飬ܳʱ
а̾߳ȥĻҵݲ¶ǲ̫ˡ
Ҫ˵仰ͤ˾һҡҵ
ȻңȴԳȥˡ

Ȼ׳˶Ҳҧ˹Ҳ⣺Ȼشҵ⣡еٻ˭ΪӺг𣿡
˿ңɽϵˡɽ˲֪ġʮһǰֻмɣȻҲ֪¡£ڿǣ¶ΪȻı飺ȻɽˣҲ޷
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ٻ¥İȻ࣬ȴ˺üʱŲ鵽ȥɽҾȥǵûмˣɽŵԳҾһо󷨣һѰܹˡϧȫûٻϵ츳ֻѧһЩƤëҶ޷ʹá

ҵɽ󷨣ٻұʱı顣
ϲǲǣЦʣĸȺһʮУ˵˵һʮУľû˵ˡȻǰһְɡ
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ûʹ󷨣Ȼô죿ɽΪ𣿡ʵȻڸϺܳٶۣӱЩ⣬ֻҪʦ㣬Ȼⶼӭж⡣
ǾͲˣ˶ݺݵ˵
βҵ飿Цߵߣû֦ˮڵдĸ֡
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ٻʦ㡣㱻ҲˡɱΪԼ󡣡ҽ͵
˵۾𾪡
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ƽһ飬ɵĿңϰˣ
ҡҡͷûܡ
ŭĵ㣡
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⻰ͣס֣ھ˻ȥ˵
̾˿л봳ɽأʦ㣬ʡ͵ĵƣһǳͻ꣬ûȥλʦأȥⱲʦСָͷš
˱ҴЩɥȴǿŵʲôð취
Ҫʦɽǲˣû˵㲻ɽϣ𣿡ҿ۾Ȼųâ֪Լ¶ˡ˵ĿĸͲʦػذٻ¥ֻʦ˫˫ɰ˰ɡĿʦ㵱ƺûʲôˣ÷ͬô꣬ʹûа飬Ҳеġ˵ʱܽԼ˼Ҳܶǰ˾ͳɺˡ
Ҳǲǡ
ɽأüͷǼϵġ
Ѷʮǰٻ¥׷ɱ̫ҽ˸ҡҾ͸ôϿ
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˺һ㵹ðɣҾʹӦҪô
ҵİ취ܼ򵥣һ֣ĥɽ꣬ʦ㻹ǰһͷû˵ķˡ񲻷ʹͬһУô򣬼ʹʦҲߣҾͲţʦðɱˡ
ҽ˵Щԥûð
ʦҶٻ˽һЩĲ˵֤϶ܼڼ֮ܲܳɣǾֻܿԼıˣЩ⶯Ҹæһ䣬´λɽʱܲҽһˣ
˵۾Ȼ¶ǿ̵ϲɫԭֻŮˣ飬Ҳֱ½һˣͿⷨӳɲɣǶģĳɹٻҪ֤ȴõôġ
źˮ֪Щʲô˰ΣȻ̧ͷһۣ¶һвԤеЦݡ
ػ£̴Ĳܽܲܳɹ㶼׬⣡˿Ц£ƫƫ˵ˡ˵Լ᲻÷һϣһ߲֪ٻҲԺҲزˡֻǣٻ¥һ˵ţ۾һһתˡ
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Цģٻ¥ǾԲ͸¶ϵģٻĹأɸġȻ¥Ļʲô֪ʲôǾۡ
ѡɣҪôܰٻ¥ҪϣҪôϿҹ˾Ȼܺĳգ۾

ǹӲŵĻ˵

 
 125 

˽˾裬ӽ쿪ʼҽٻ¥ػ£Ժ£Υ
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Ҳź㸸£¼ĸ׺Ҿͱȥźʱйʷ򣬡Цñ⣬ֱй


 126 

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һۣڻ˵Ļα𣿡
ҡͷɽӵͼϵġˮ㰲ŵİɡһ绳¥뵱йأֻû뵽ôһϵС
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˵˵ǻ屣߾ੲݵĽоһԴֿʼˡ
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װǿǵӣǲȻҾʱǵ飬Ҽסˣ԰¶ǵΣ͵
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ҵǰӣüë
ӫ󣬰ӸӵȥóҲԼء
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ǸػһŮӣ󹬶в㡣ԥ
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Ц˻ˣȥȥ룬Ǹǣ˺ð취
ԼŮȥıӰϦԸ̽ϵİ״ƬʰˣߵĿµϼһѤãػ£ʱɱ㣬ȼǲʶʱ񣬾Īֱĺˡ

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ҵ۾ﵽԱǺӲҶϣòǲĲҶƽҲֻб˲ռɵϡ
ҷǳȻ̫Ůº͹˿£±ȥһκη
㻨һ˵ҵĳ˸ɴĴӦŪ˸ֲһʱϵıЦ
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ҴһвҶţȻԷѾˣҲ̫ϵ
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ŵͷ֪ˣҲһҪСġ̫ŮȻɺιִƺ󹬶꣬ô˻㣬ٿԷһϵİ취
Цİɡ
ʱֽˣһͷѩ£ôҵļƻ֪ͨѩ£ˡ
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СĲŻ岻ѣС䲻ڣȴо֮ţ֪ʦӺأϦеʵ˽һʱˮϣͬʱùΪҵ衣
ʦŲɽҰ֮Ϊ˵ϲ⡣Ҷ裬ᴵ˴ȷʵò衣
ϦЦǱضдѧɽʿˡĺճ㼸꣬ʶһ룬ҲͿ԰ˡ
׻˭ὲ
һ̫Ůһδľ֮˵¸񣬵촹ǻ¼Ū֮ԱġŮˣҲ֮
Ϧ˵һʱϲЦտת¶֮ɫû⺢Ӽ꣬ǿǲܣܵȥ⺢ӻԼлһףȻ֪ȴҲĿܿࡣ
˵۾ҵҺиʱȰ˵һм֣ȻһҲҪһٻ֮ҶٵǴ֮գһ֮֮ϣʲôԸһʵ֡
Ų豭ıԵŵ˰ɡ
΢΢һЦһƬŮ֮˶ݡףյóԸٱһơ
ãϦҲãһЦСһŻȴ;ϧء
ֻҪ²ϧĶáң֡־ɽˮ԰ѡ
ȻɽˮβĴ˵СҹӡϵҪ뿪ֻǻ᲻ðɡϦ棬΢΢۾
ȻղˣҪƲϵҲǺϦ˲˰ɡȻȷʵûʲôϵŵʲô

СԵȡԺСġ˵һŶӣž»С̣ʮӣԲԲһ˫۾ĺܣ˵գգ۾ģҲڻ԰תתʲôҪʱԷԸҡ
ĵһ룬һ֪һĹ̴ҴϦＸ䡣Ϧɫһָֻ࣬ҵʱ뿪һᣬСڴԺ󡣡
̸ʲôסûǷӸոտǾʶҪҪء̫ҽԺûȥء
֪Ⱦ͵Ȱɡ
СתɲҪܣ˵ͳȥˡ
Ϧһڳ԰ʲô˼۾Ϧȥķ˿ӦǰѾɹˡ
Ǳȥ԰߰ɡ
߽԰ˣĸһ߿ϣȻһ棬¶һɫϣ̫ҽԺȥ

аŻҵĻʹͼܿҾҵ̫ҽԺڡԺмڣ鴦һ˾ûˡɵе֡һѡΡ˺ܿſ˯ˡ
ܶ࣬һһ㹤ҵ¼´ʲᡣŷҳȴ˸ˮˣˮˡһƬҺ;С
ҴڵߣȻŨ̹ϱܿҪյڵһ䡣
ôôɣ


 130 

һҷ棬Ũ̡ҲȻ°ԼϣȻѾˣĨѣȻ˳
һܻһߺ졪죬ȣȡװ治ס
˹ŨűҺ𣺡иƨϿ˱ȥʿ㵽ǲ̫ҽԺİһ㳣ʶûУԼΪǱѬεġ
ҳϻ̳Ͽֵͷǿ⣬ˮͰȥȥѻ
Ϊ𽫴סˣҽϵһķʱΧȻûڡְһ¿صòụ̂һʱڻָѡȻϵ·û뿪ˡ

ڷɻس԰ʱһ˿
һڹλдλڽʱҽúϦʱ뿪Ҿл뿪԰һ̫̽ҽԺ̫ҽԺ粻ƫƫҽȥþˣδ̫ɺ˰ɡ
ѵϦѾҵĿģ
뵽ͣеǱᣬصһ۵ļɽĶС

԰ܰͺ뿪ʱһ
ֱȴоƺѾʲôˣ˼һȴҴĿĵһĻոźҵǸС̴˿ڱѹĻԱߣӲƣָ׵Ļڰ۵ļԵĸĿƮŵζ֤ոһ﷢
л𰢾˵ģǺϦ룬вһַ
ҹȻһ
ͻȻԼ̫棬һΪԼ©ҲССġˡ
С۾Ŀתң¶߷ı飬۾˹ػ£ޣ
ôץסֻһͱܿ֡
ػ£ܣòȻСˣҪɱ㡭С̵еּ԰ļ
ʱ׽Ҳó˰ɡ
ʲô£һׯϵӻ԰һߴϦΪףһ߹Һڻſڵϵ͵С̵ʱ򣬶¶𾪵ı顣
ϦŵϵС̣ɫĿһֿۣ˿С̣ʲô飿
С̻ӵһѾϡ
ؾϣػ˵Ѿ
Ϧ̰۾תңС㣬һ°ɡʱ뿪һѣôᷢ飡
ʱ֪ϷݵĺúЦƫƫ㻹Цϱȥʱļʹడ
еҲ֪˵ʵҲ֣Ȼںι޹ȻֱС
ϦĿһСѾ˳ػ£Сˣ㾹Ȼĺ׽治ףһ¹޾ȻǲŮϵϹ۾
۾λʲôֵģȷ𣿡
С۾ݲðҳԵ⳩԰ոճ㻹Ů𣡡
һ֣Ц⻰˵ĺáƺ԰ȷʵֻһλŮءҽתϦĳĪΪҾλŮ𣿡
ʱɫ䣬ŭػ£ĪҪѪˡԼƱ粻ҪĪΪ»޲飡ŭĿӣȻеˣ°ҹǵ޳ܿͽץؽΣ


 131 

ȵȡ
һϵС̿˿תͷϦϦ磬ػºôҲǾĲŮȻſҲӦǸϧëˡҲϦ罫ˣ˻˵Ϧʶ˲Ļ£
ӣһ£ǳǳ°ɫ˿߹ƣϻȴ޺ϦӺݻ󣬷Եһɷǣ󹬵ĸЩ롣
˼ǣϦ˼һ֤ôѹû뵽ȴΪػ˵ġ΢΢һתЦˣҵֶŮػµĵӣʲô飬СֶŮҲ˰ɡ
ֻǳǳʩһ񣺡ˡյܵҲֶŮ̸ʦԴΪ羴ܵΪ۶δæ̲ȥϸϸʲΪáΪҲýס
ϦЦһĳˡػ²Ż棬һƬϧ֮ĺ빬Ϊҳ԰֮ҲýᣬΪıó·û뵽ȻɥĲ񣬶𱨽Ĺۡϴ֪˽԰ӿһϢطأ
΢΢ü
˵Ϧֻ˻¶̵ɫ˼Ǹ粻ӣʵػ̫ɶˣ

ԭľ˾˽г˼
˼ⳤ䣬˼ȷǺֻ֡ôֵȴҪ󹬣˼֣һշת̾Ϣ֮С
ͬľһƷй٣Ʒȣ˶й֮λֻһ֮λˣ˼ԳƵܵܣԴǴãںҲϦѹһͷȥϾ̳̫ʦǺġ
֮УΪһǲףĵΪϦ˺ƤҼʹ˺ˣҲá
λϣԱ缸𣿡ǰһ
Цػ£֤֤ǰôѡ
Ϊαؿѡֻǲְ֮ˡ̧üųһҲڴı飬̫Ů¼ȻΪҲ֤ȷ䣬ѵҼ仰𣿡
Ϧңոջɵ̬һֱ
˼˿̲һ˵˵
ҵͷߵСǰֻǹڵϣ¶Թߺ޵ı顣
ڹ⣬ôкӦѾҪ˰ɣ޸ͨŮӣٳּŮȻһƽƽꡣֻڽ죬עǸġи̾£ʮָƽš
С̵һۣһɫȴһ˿
ֳɡϦڵ֪ǲֹԲֵĹЩָֻƽ۾´ңԼĥҵ׷ʲô©
СԼӵĻŽ˳ʮָ̯ƽְָϸƯͬһӨָȴֻմѪۡո˹ʱҾͷˡ
Ϧ͵뵽ʲôɫ΢΢ࡣ
С̲֪ȻֻԼӱɫԼҲס
λϣ̫Ů£ɿָ׷еѪɫޣ˵մʱ䲻áѪΨһܣǸոץ˶ǿ֮ʱµġλûɡ
ָףȷʵ磬Ϊأ
ϦĬһᣬȻ
˿̻ûͨɵΣѵ㻹֤Ѫģ
ҺȻԺϦЩôٶ۵Ůǲҡ
Ȼ֤Ѫҵġٿ֤ûбץ˵ĺۼ̧ͷ̫Ů£ǳ԰иո·еλŮԡɸһù̫ҽǷбָ׻˵ĺۼ֤Լס
ɫ˲һƬҡ
С̶ʱ̱ڵϡ

԰аĿ£˲ֻʣ˵ĺʢĵĿˣ˵ȴ¡
žǳ˼ƽȵϦ罫ػ뵽УӦǿֻܵܲһᣬʹա⣬ɷػµܵȥһˣмСʲֶŮԻؼҡɲعǡ
Ϧ˳˼һۣ˼ڣǸ鷳ˡ
˼ͷǡɨһʣµˣɫ糣ĺϦȱлϿ¸ǡ
һ˲䣬ֻãطࡣ

˼ʱֻ̡ߵ档ͤȣ˴Լʮӣ˼ϡٵĵط˼̹ͣɵ˵⡣
ֻ˵һ֪ػ֮ŹȻʵѹֶŮݵɡ˼ִһϳһ֦Ȼ۲ˮơ
նл޾ϣʹ֤ԼףҲδܻ߳ߺϦõ´ʵĲӣǺҽ԰һлҷθ
˼ǺЦػ£Ϊڿ𣿡ͻȻе֦ˤ˹䣬ػ£ʵҾ˺ᣡ


 132 

ļУϲı顣Ȼ鲻ھ츳ҲЩçײȴǸ˼ĺúӡȻΪԼżȴϣһƽӹȥƽƽһӸǶôҸ顣
˼ɫ۾ңĳ֣ȴ˳С֪ԺԶΣ𣿡
ҳĬ
ػ£ܴʱ򲢲ǴܾһеġĪΪһҲ֪볣ʲôϵҹܲšϣ㲻Ҫ˺塣飬ȫǿķϣҲϣڽϣ顣
˼עңơ

ԭ˼㿴
ҵῴˣ̳ӣں̫ʦĺϦͬľ֮λƽɫôǸ£ͷԼ򵥵̸ǻֻۣ²ںϦ֮¡
볣˼ȣϦ̫ߵˣҲ̫ˣ̫ҡˡνӯ̲ҿһǰĳ˼ĳǸ֮˾̾ѵǰϵĮһеߣΪ϶ҲĶ鲻ȻԼˣǣȻһϣŮӺա
˼ĺǳⲢûѹҲûҲСֻлϽ̻塣ֻǻΪԼ̤ܶʹʺݺҲԶ˺޲ҪáοǣػµĵӣһգԻỤȫƽ
ҿԼ᧿Σأ˼Դ̵˵

˼޹ϧϼԺڻ̣ͨ죬ᱻһɫĺΧɣѹֽ֡
㵽ȥˣҸոջ˵̫ҽԺˣһף㲻ǣһŮӳ˳ס˼˵ͣһע⵽ң㲻ػ𣿡
ŮȴǼˣҵڶѩºͳһֵŮӣԭǳ˼Ů
˼ͳ˿ˣġܵһͷϸϸȥͷϵĺ飬˱Ӹɺˡ
˺ˡأŮƾǰԼչˣϲÿһۣε˵
ˡ˼֣ͷһۣȻǼҾͲˡöһˡǵҪһֱ͵ң;뿪ͣ٣ǻڹʱ򡣡
ÿһۣҲΪʲôЦð


 133 

Ҹˡѵáһ·һЦҸǺġ
Ҽƺе˵ӣ¼ΪǾˣΪʲô󻹺ܸ˵ӣ
ûͷһۣΪûвءȷʵеܵ룬⸸Ů˶򵥡
ʵҸǶ͵ġΪöƳ硣ôӣŵֶмӣǶ̶̰룬˺㶼ءýŵҪᣬʵҲʶ㡣
̹ʡ
Ϊ˳Զ룬ҾûǺ㱣־ĺá
Ǹʲô˰ʲô˵ʲôһ㶼ܱôġƫƫųЦֺһжȻı飬;ղ
Ҿŵϲ㣬֪ɡ
ֻ֪Сһʱ̫õġ
ϲᡣ
ԭҶ֪
ȻΪ㽫᲻пһ𣬵ŰţҲһ˺ԵĻɲܾ˵Цıյ٬ҺȻ۸˱˼ҵСҳ˵ĸо
һݣ㣺Զһ㡣ȻŵϸͲҪϣ

ðͻؼңӺԶٷȴڹеԷ뿪
뿪ķãӺվߣ㿴ƣӡ
ҵӺͣǲӦúͰűһ롣
ӺЩĿһۣЦС¶ΨԼ㲻뵽Ī˵ʲôˣ
֮һ֣ĥˡܲ룬ǲĺãҡҡͷֱԼķȥ

ҽвĵط˵ͼţڹеʱȡ
ڶһӵѩµţȥһˡ
Žӽңҽ˴ûȥоʱѩ⣬Ҳڡ
̫ҽԺǱôʡ
˰죬ֻ֪صǸ﷿ȴ֪ô̫ҽԺմ˰룬¼ȫ٣ֻû˱ŵҿ˳ɿ˿ݻ𡣼ʹĿ겻ǻ£ҲǼƻ̫ҽԺļ¼Ȼʣҵ˿Ǳͳġô̫Ůأ
ҽڳ԰﷢˵һ飬ѩվüԺȥˣ̫Σա´Ҳ֪ʲôԸ㣡
źݺݵһ϶̫ŮɵģҪߵͷϡ˵ŰһģҲ鵽Խٵ䣬࣬һǺÿ
˰죬ʱ˵ʹѩ֪ҪҸ׵ȥ顣֮ڽоӶ˲٣һҪƿ̫ŮĶĿԵڲл㡣
ҵ޷鵽ĿǰĻ˳ǰҲֻ뿴ܶҵ
վһȥֱͻȻϮʮһЦǺ⣬ĳ£ﾭ˴񣿡
עңһΪģֻҸ׵İӣҶһֱûɹ顣֪µĶȻΪңǴҹϵش󣬲ܽǷˮʯҶм㡣
Ļ˵ĵˮ©ҲȤ磬Թ˽ڣһЩ顣ƽ˵޴ֻԵʱ´ʵôĲ֢ӽжǲصķ졣


 134 

һ£Խٵ䲢ûжչһʱ仨ϡĹѾȽʵ͵ҲȽ⣬ִһƷûý£ҲóĶдһҩͶҩ֢״ԤСӣһ졣
ҸǳȻΪδӰоһȻ֮ԵǸѹͿ顣ٹʱʹ»ҪԼҽ̸Сļ󷨣ѧͼŰϣгЧԼҫڳҵû¶ԺߡΪЩҹֱӳȥˣȷʵеҲ̶á
ʣµʱѩ£ţӺͣһȥ棬ûµʱҲȻ磬ɿڳ밢ŵķϣҲʱĴڡ
˳ʱ򣬾ǵ𽥶һεĵǴӹͬεʢ磬洦ɼȺľ̸۵أʫԡ

ȵʱȷҪܡʱһ꣬Ȼ˲ʺ硣˸ϿȥѩµˣӺͳţ˳·ȥ󣬵ȥ
ŵ˺ͷͿһˮɫȻҲһŮװ磬Цһ֣£Ҿ֪϶صǡ
ŵˣ˵Ȼǳá
üͰһۣҽ챾ȥƵģȴ´μ϶ᱻûĵġ˼˵֮ܶҵĴ
ǰٻ¥ĺ֮һǾС֮һ˵ɫ˫˼ټ˾ʱʱ߶һ£ҿҲ֪˵ĵ˭
һװµĴ󴬡
Ŀִ˿˿ҸоʮϵӵõĲˮɢŵ㣬Ȼĺãǰˣǰľʲô޵أ
Ӻ壬ſڴͷ㣬紹վڴͷ֪ڿʲô˵ʲôɡæһῴˣȻⲽãǲãһȥ󵽵ûеֻǴһ۽ҡѩ¡һʳеĵɫƣϵĴҲͬδȻҲлԶԶľЦҲи̵Ǿоӣ£һͬκɡ
˻򻹿ɣһͰͲסˣһƮ˼ܵȥӺͳ˻ӣһӣˣˣôõҹɫ迴ãƫƫԽ顣
ųЦո˭˵Լո߳Ӻͷ˵Ҫһ֤ǿ
ѩҲЦһۣû뵽Ӻ͵ã籾²õġһֱߣһ𴵷磬Һҳż弸仰
˵ЦȻ洫ʲôˮǼִ쵽Ȼһͨ
æȥֻŮˮڣȻǸոˮ
ΧĴ϶˳ʲô飬ļֻϵĴЬȥˣȴһȵҿ˭ϴ˭ҵĴϣ̫ͬŮȥ


 135 

˴ԼףʹˮԵĺõιȥҲҪߡˮһˣƺˮһŬιȥѲˮǸץסΧĴŻŻ̬׺ݣٿǴͷҲ׷˻زУҴùͷ
һʱ䣬ֵ˶ûˣԼϲǵˡ
ɫҲˣɫȴҲ÷ֻ򴬷ȥ
Ҳߴٵ찡찡
ѩɫţһۺеˣֿһǷŮӡ
˿ˮˣֿڴͷŮӣЦ¿ˮС㣬ǻǲҪµĺá
ɫһԻһеġ
ΪѣС㣬̫ŮǿǵﲻġʹС㲻£ֻ΢СϰգҪԷӵġ
ɫ࣬ȴֲԱȥвܲԼˮȥ˰ɡ

вˮǸʶʱԼѾģˣֻιͬ飬һҲ޷ζֻ³
վ˿ˮϢ壬ȫɣһԼʮɣںһ㣬ֻ߰ɣǰ˫ֽ½һ࣬˳ƽ˦Ǵ˵ĴϣȻɻء
˶˲ˮˮǸؿڱƳˮȻʹһ߶϶ĻæǱô
һѾչֽŷ䣬Ӻڰ죬Ҳû³ˮǰʾӺÿһ£סļ򣬶űĳ£ǿˮŮһ鴤ſȣȳˮȻ۾
˰޴󰭣Ӻ˽ȥ·Ϣ

ŻŮӼҾȻȻĻ˾̱㵨ӵСȻ̫Ůԣʲô֣
ҺȻܲãúһκ֮ҹ˻ˣܵҸ˷й°ɡ۽ӵĸһ˦Ӻ̣һڿзɿתһߣǸŮ׼ȷĻɳ
ͨһҳôˮ
СڵĻһѧұȳһV֣˷ܵĴУкġ
áѩȻŮҲ񣬼ˮо¶Цݡ
ֽкãסңһһҪҡ
Ҳɫĳ첲㻹ǰȥ˰ɡһҪһ
ЦŶҲһ㶼ĵҽڣôأ

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е˳Ȼǳ
ػ£㣡ƺϲ͹¹ȥҧ
Ц⻰Ӻ˵𣬵´ϵ˲ʧˮºľȫ˵˼ҵ档ȴǵмңҡĪ˲Լʧˮǵˮģ
ȻԼˮãɫࡣȴһŮӿո˶̫Ů³Բѷ̫Ůʵ£ֻһѵǲ֧ȻὫȴһ֣µĴ£ȴָõ
һ¶ϲɫæ͵¾ֻѵһ£ػ£ƾʲôҴϵ˴ˮ
ҸոմˮŮڴǵİϴЦ²Чµ£ԲѷһССĽѵѣĲ֧ȻҲʵв޶⡣̫Ů¼˿ʴȣضƽϻµðģ°ɡ


 136 

ҲӲķԶԣǸŮȴټ˼άݣڳ´Ҽ£ȻЦԭǸԳƲŹھǵػ£һ˶ѡؽԳƶأΪȻ֮ɫԾȻϡ
ԹᣬⱾҲûʲô
һۣǸ˭أ
ŮӰȻ֣࣬ǵӦԾӣĿǰΪ̫Ůʳ͡
Ǽ͹˳ȷʵЩ¡
ЦԭԳδ״ԪС㣬ʧˡ
ɫһػ£ſڴƻʲô㲻һμ棬ֻСԳδ״Ԫˣ
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Ӻ͵Ҳ̿
Լķͷ̫󣬳ڲŷִϻгڣɫһ̵µôĵӸҰԭó
ۺɫʽܳʱͬ¾κ鲻Ȼ˷֮£ֺαŪˮأϲͷǶǡոиһʷٲҪϵӣʱʽĸǰҲÿɡ
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൱Цԭ£ˡ׾Ȼ̫Ů½նκαΪЩСֵĲġ£ǲһΣ˶ҲЩ£̫Ů½ؽ˾ɫļˣǲɫѵӣ˿붼벻ģ
δ룬δЩţ˵תһóʮ㣬йʣﻹȥƽЩҲüȻκô˶δ̫ζ˰ɡ
ôûӣѩ밢ȻаŮװȴҲŵĹӡܲʶġԼҾŵܻڵ£ȻȻȰԼôСһͬκǴױª㡣
ҿѩºͰŶ¶ɫȴҲ˵ʲôɫвơϧಢ֪ǵݣֻԴƵĿҡ
˵δ𻰣ȴµʣɫˣ𣿡
ŵһۣҲһͷʹ޿ɾҩı顣
һϣųõͶ˳Եһε˵¼Ȼɫģôֻٵ˳ƹء
ôϲȥȴʶͷֿ˿ǣźһͷȥֺֻõ˵㣬һȥɣǱأѵüһ档
ɫһҪѵȴһ߳˴գһ߿˹۲תЦٻ⣬ֻһɨ߽Ŀⶨҵϣ˵۾ȴң̫ŮµĸոճƲᵽС㣬û뵽ʫʳƿĽѾˡܵһףƿɾ̫ˡԴоȥ
΢΢üͷپٻ¥ңҽ˾֪ҵݣø֮ˣ¥зǴǣΪľЩ鷳ǰٻ¥ƣȴӦҲ֪ҵݣҲû¸Щ¡Ҫȥȴ۹ɲǼ䣬ֻ˾ü⶯ˡ
йŹ֣񣬼˶Щ㱣ŷԼҲͬһѧֻ֮࣬ǼԱ̱ҿ˳ٿˣҲ̸ǳ磬ӺͣƬ֮ˣٿƵɫȻûгõĳԣȴȻҲû֮С
Ȼ˵ȻˣһҲ޷
Щ죬Ӧǵɫջˣο˴ѩڴˣȴ۾ƣ˼лȻԭҲ˳ƶֽţѵǼ̫Ů׽ã
üɫ裬۾תңΡ
̵ȥȫȻԼҲŮװģһı˵δЩ
ߵӺֿ͡˿ĳ࣬봬еڻԵˡȻѾˣǾһɡϳ
Ȼƹӿڣ¹


 137 

Ӧȥһ˲䣬ߵĸ첲ұߵͬʱһʹʱϵЦЩΡѩ±ͷȥź棬һʲôûзӣȴĿҡ
üҴӦˣȴҺȻŹ֣ʵôˣƿϿӣѵ㻹ˣ
ֻñֳĬ
ٿӺ۾𴦣һ̵úı飬Ȼδ䣬ɢĺȴŨ

ܣȻһֶΣòᣬҲһͷһӵ赸ܽԵŮԵۺһģȷʵܡҺòǳֹɬĶҴһ󣬷
ҲƵʱ˱˴˵ԡ
Ͷʱ䲢ΪѩҵұߣޱﲻϵķŸ㣬ˮȻߴҳԵһַţȴһ۳ֿһңȻ̱ۣ򲻹ԲϸͷҲã촽Ϳ̫졭ӲҪҶĿʾͬ
ұѩιĳŵҪ£ȴĿвòЦżԣҪʱͰţǿ಻ԡ
Ƶ۾ͳЦ⣬ﰵﲨҲԾط϶ѾˡȥҪŪ֬кݺݵ룬ֲһŮˣԱ߻кüôûȥǣмκһȥ¥ݵĴֻ¶ֻ಻١

һ꣬˶һЦߣΪƣ̸ž룬ִյļãѳ߻꣬ȴֻάֵ̫ŮķȣֻССͣȴ̫֡
üֻǷ̫ŮԼעЩ죬ԱƵӵ£һָֻ˷ĳԡ
ƹӵ裬ŲʧѣᲢã۽һ£½У˫ĳ۽硣ѹôһɵá޵
Цʲô˫赸ķʵҲ״ģǸһλ˵±ġΪ״ֻһΣ֪˲ݿ֧Ŀ˵֧Ҳֻ־衣
æӻ֮þȻ־裬Ǹ˿˰ɡҾͲ»ıõġ˵˭ҵҪʶʶ
Ц˵ֻǰɵ綼ֹһΡ˶˵һֱǾ֮ʱҹ潫ҲڳӴΪߵҲ˵صǰ綼ǳ֮˵ʵˣǴɵļϸٰ輿ĿľǴ̽綼ľ顣ҹ潫ݣȴַܶ˶ڲ²⣬һսȫΪռ鱨Ź綼ǣ潫˵ҲΪһԷս²ΪӲͶǴġ
˵ţ۾ɽ£¼ȲμⳡսӦ֪ĺɡ

ڵһ㶼Сٻ¥鱨ϵͳص龹ȻҲܸڳƲ߰˰ˡٿı飬ƽֻСţƵ۾ˣ֪ҲΪԳƱ˲Ȥ
ЦҾ˵ô˱ȳøء϶ҥˡ
ӺͶһۡһ裬ֻˡѩڸٵʱҲֻǼװģҵ赸
ȻЦҲֻôšʵǱһǣȻδջˮɣ߱γһߵ
ЩĪκΣĹĵĶӣȻס˴˷ˮ߿٣ʮ֮ϡ
߲ơ
ҲĿһ۴еļˣ̫Ůȴ֪Ŀ굽˭˵ǺιĹӦòԼŮҲڵʱ֣ҴںУ밶иʧǵòʧ˵̫ŮǳĹڴϣȻҲߡ
ץסѩºͰŵдϣˮˡСġ
ѩºͰͬʱһۡû˵ʲôͷˣƿ֮׷׷̴ҽУŵˮС
ʼҵĻζ 


 138 

˲䣬ϵ֮
˵ɫͱˣ˭뵽úõκȻҲд̿ɱϲż˽Ѫնǡ
֮
̫Ů£׳ʲô°ѵҪɱ㣿
찡öѪ
ӵŻ˹ȥʣ¼Ҳɫף嶶ͣǺֳ棬ǰΪԼʸԼ
Ȼɫ԰ףôҲǻŮӣЩ棬ڱһѪͼΡ漤ҵĴ򶷣ֲڴﲻϵӡ
ʽ㣬콫н棬ֻܵӡԶǺУ˿ڵ˿϶ڸδǱԼʹ˵˵ټԼҲйһʱҲɱ˶Է
˿û˵æ˵ԣԣǽн¡
Լ˽϶̶ͬȵĴ˺ۡ
һʹ£ǶڸĴϡңˮºҲˡ
ǰһľס˵ʲôôģΧûд̿Ͷ㲻Ȼùվ

ʱѾ嵽ˮŵλãֻǶˮУҡ΢΢ǵһµϴԮĶ𣿡
һæнԮ̻𡣡˵žʹӻͳһ֧
һ˾ǣԮ̻𣬻ȥš
ļХΪûĿʱֹͣˣǿԿ϶ֻҪһ߳վͻ̱ɸӡ
ɫףǸոոһҲͰˣȴ֪ȥп־еġһ£̻ȥȴһգ̻ȴˣվһʮ߰Ů̻𣬵ȥ

мȴһƵԱߣ£㲻ȥ̫Σˡǰ˭
ѩǸжɣһԲ־Ҫֵ̻۾װ׵дţȥ
ôóѣһˣͳ˴աڴͷߣһĺɫںɫҹУĿ
ͬʱҲļҷ
Ҫ㿪ȴѩѾվǰֽ֧İҲұļ֧ʸӺ͵Ʈ㽣˵ַĶȫ
Σյĵطһ˲ȫĵط
űסͷĽеſҡ£ǿ
ӲشգȵǶ书ʲôᣬȥʲôҡ

ϨˣҪȥˮкȻԾǷų
󣡣Ҿһеķȥˣ飬ҸС֪ΪʲôʱȻ¶ŵɫ
Ӻվ֣æ˹ȥһЩȴȫ䡣ʵûа취ֻץסĺһˮС
ؼʱ㷢ʲôҪţˮгȥٲˮ˺üڣʶ
һ߻ȥȻŴϸ˼ɫסΧץôϣСĵΧȥˮ⼸ɵ
ӴԼΪˮԵʣ˿еԺشҵûУֻǻ㱵ĵͷ

ҽȻѧӾǻΪǰļӰ죬ˮһֻ֮ȥĿ־񣬳ͬǰһˮѧӾƽǾܲˮͲںˮУҲ壬Ҳɵô˸սҪսپסոշһֻȥβȻסˮȥ
ҵˮԲãʤĿˣȵķֵˣȻǵ棬һǻ֮ʣýͷǵĲӡ֪¶Ϳأֺ󲢲սϷȥѰ¸Ŀꡣ
Ǳˮĵ˺󱻶㣬һӣƮںϣѪߵĺˮȾࡣʹڹ߲õҹȥҲĿֲ졣
ҲѪζʣĵҪ裬Ҳǳʱˮɱ忪ʼԣ󼸸ҽøЩһܿ췢ңˮҷˮжֱܼһֻȣѪӿ˳
ҺܲϲѪˮϵζֻңֻһķθͷǿŽˮһ˸ɵҲһһиʱһȫߵĸоȻҲΪûа˿ˮʧѪÿġ
û֮࣬ȻѪζͶ군ˡҰ롣
Ҽѵεߣû˵;ʲôߣǰһƬںڰװ׵ĹȥȻʧȥʶ


 139 

ѹʱιҺˮˮƺ˷ۣ𣬱ĺҺ꣬һ붯һ£̾ȫӲʹ
ߵƺҵĶŵʲôˤȥ̶ҵĶ졣

˺һҲ֪Ѿ˯죬Ӻ򣬶ֻ˵ʧѪ࣬͸֧ԲŻԣΣգϧ˲ţ磬ֽ̫ҽ죬̫ҽȻʧѪܶ࣬ӰʱԵԭֻйء
һԵʱһпˮ֢
ͷиôôأ
˵ֻõûпȵѩ£ţ磬뿪԰Ӻʵˮľأ
ʱ԰˶Ѿѹ⼸ն˵ҪҪרлӺ͵
ҵͷȻҪǽ촬ϵ׷ʲôȻѺһֱĵ⣺أ
ӺЦһΪأ˵ûΣˣ뿪ˡһֱ춼û
һĴͷϣĴ̿ͺץ𣿡
ӺҡͷԷ֯Ԥıˮ¸ɵһˣ˶ûץṩֻǼ̲ʣҲûʳʲôмֵ顣ѾȥĴ̿ʬҲûǣȥͨ˿ûʲô𡣡
ôʵ
ȥ󣬾ץ㣬ȻǰϴΪڴУˮеĴ̿ҲˣԺûԱԮ˾Ǿ͸Ͽ͵ҽݣ˼ҩͲѪҩΪܿѵģû뵽һ˯졣һֱڹעˣԵĳ壬ʱҲȷ⣬ǲǻڵıʲôӺתۿңǲǻʲô
ͷӵĶˣӦҲ˰ɣ̿Ͱ˳ɿǳġڴֻ̿ǰ۵ĶӰˡںΣա
ӺͼЩģοѾӫȥסбһ춯ٻ¥Ϣġ
ҳ˼һᣬ֪˾ڱԽľˡУ˵ᱻʡ
Ӻͳȥҽý˽˾ߵģ˵һ汣ңһ淽㴫ϢӺһŮܰٻ¥Ҳ̫עĿӦź򣬶˵ġʩչʱһǧĵģȥǦȴһ費ı飬ϲ޵Ĵ԰ͳһĺڵ׺ƣ·˵ȻЩȴ
ǰս԰
ǵģС㡣õͷȥ

˹ǧл˶ϾϿľӣȼͬסһҿջʶսκȴû뵽̫Ů̫ŮƺȤϴ˱ƴǣȴͬеȴ޳ɣȰ˵ǣӦˡʼ˴ҽܣȻ̸ʫʣǢ
̫ŮƺǼˣ˵ֻҪպԸΪЧӦΪǵĵЩͨڡ˾òףԾܾˣû뵽̫Ůȴŭ˵̫ŮΪԣպ˹ԽԼ˽´ȥ
εԵǺ̫ʦ̫Ůĸ̫ŮĴҶ޳ͷ֮ա˵һԼʮͷŮӣа飬Сͬ١ǱɫȻ
̫ŮݵԽ°ͣҵûȥܣΪ˵룬ҵ˻Ǿ췵磬Աȫ
١Ǳһ۲˵İ飬ִҲȥǧһξǣĸ׸׶ڵǵϢҾͲ̫Ůܻһ졣һ˵ܲˡ
ӵͦģֻûӦʵܣԽԽ졣
ǲؼңƽʱ±㾡ٳŰɣ԰̻ؼҰɡҵ߻ܱƽ
١Ǳֱ̫ȰίȫĻȻܲͬұϾľ֮ˣԲû¶߿ӵɫֻС㣬׽һǾ˵֣ĲŻͰǺǾ塣˷ֲϧð̫Ů˵ΪСǸηǿȨֱ֮ˡΪʲôȴǿڿȰսܡĪΪǵС£һ
һЦҲ˵ʵֻһ齳δ;£գھвǲѣ̫ŮᶯңǸ»ʧ֮ǳƷλĹԱ̫Ůʵ޿ɽҲⲻһֻҵǺܺ棬ΪʲôôԼܹΪأ


 140 

һ١ǱҺʧֶǣҵУ̫çײͶлҺ͸ȥˣҲû
˺Ӻͱˡٻ¥Ŀǰ鱨ʾԽѵؼʱ̣ŮѾȡȨ˱Խ󲿷ֵ򣬶Ů߻ŮƵý翹ڶʱڲȡʤյĵλƶˡ
ˣΨһİãã׽ȥвգضЧ̸նĽ֮壬ʹݵĳŮ߻ŮɱҲ𡪡Ϊ˵ϻλĮԼõȺͰеʾ
Ӻ͸һҳԾϢڵıԽʱԽܵİȫŷտʼ󲻾ãͽȨգһ˴ӱԽʧˡ
ĵֻһʵ۲еȨΪŮȻλãɼԽʵ۶γšһûʵܹԼŮһֻκ˶ἵʺۺİɡ

ҺȻЩƣסؿڡӺæҵôˣǲǲ
ƿƿȥ󡣡
ѹҪȥӺżǻģ˹ȥˡôȥ㵽ʱΣˣڵ״ֶ֧أ
ҿЦһҲǹȥֻǾãҪ
ڻ̿Ͷһ㲻顣Ů߻Ů֮ˣӦΪϡϾһǲûãΪյͬ顢ڡ
ڣŮ߻Ůֵ֮ˣΨѾʤȯյĴŮա

ҵʱ򣬲ûӰҺӺͶһھӸ˵ȥȾˡ
úҺӺͶʶˡ
ҡѾˣҷˡ뿪ĸʣ뿪ǣ뿪˱ԽΪʲôܣŹߺţԴӣƺſֱӹȥƽ͸ŷ۾Ժˣһˮ
ӺͶԿһۣ̾һ˳ȥֱӴ԰
Ӻ֪ͨѾҰϴ
ӺͣҴ㣬رԽӺ͹ҿ˯ŵ
ӺԳһ̧ͷһֿۣ˿ֻ⼸һҪú壡ʱ㱣Ҫˡ
ҶӺ͵Цǿ¶һЦݡ

ŵ鱨ڴڣԽĹϵҲȶǹæڵλֻ֮Ҳͬһʱʱһ̡УΪ˱Ҳðŵ
ٻ¥鱨ȻԱ֧ϣԶȲҶӵзֵĽ¥һ֪ͨٻ¥žɲһ֪ǿǰԽߣΪø׼ֻѹʹصԽ
ֻнȫͻߣʹΪʵִҵвĻŻ᳹ȫ
һֱȥ


 141 

ʱ䣬ұһһ壬ָ״̬żʱ䣬оһ´ʵĲӡʱ仹û졣
鲻ãСƢͻȻ˵رԽӺæ׼ϵĶҲֻ㰮زأֻ׼±ĶȴֲɧŻڻָеңֻҪԼסȥȷԸӫ԰ÿȥ
ѩ£ʱʱң˴ҳʲô飬ҿԭ԰ӱûƤûţ
ʱЩϺõҩĹҲһܵһ֧˲ι֮ΪԼˡöҪײҪοҲ˳һ֮
Ů½ҩĵ飬ڲ֪У԰ֳֿȵͶʸҺӺ͵ǰ棬õ֪ÿǰݷú͵ӵһֲĸо

ǰݷõвӦľǣǻݷãֻʫʡ˵ֻڿǰɽŶѡһѡ񾩳еȨ󣬿٣ǾĲŮܵЩ˳һǺܴҫΪʱ򲻹Ҫٳӵˮƽ˶ԿҲǷǳҪġ
ϢͨһЩģܺܿҳȨȥʹҲͨټõܺõĳ
磬̫ŮΪĵҪӷֲ١
̫Ů֮⣬׸̫ʦͥУ̫ʦŶȡ׸߲ܣҲãʫҲãֻ˭Ҳ׵ˣԻæڹ¡ԷɵĵպˤŮӣ֪ǲͬһڼһŵӣЦŷ
øң뿪ڳ糣Ȼʱסڿջ˶֪̫Ůеˣ׷װͽСˣҪԼ곤׳ЩԴǼ֣١ǱȴʢķǺݺݵĻֻ̫Ůһմ̫ŮŵڿΪͨڵһһʮ̯ϾһƬȻ
ģǶԵԹƽԵԽԽٺ̫ʦòƽϢ粨һṫƽУ֡ͬʱҲֻһʫᣬû˼һֻơ
֪ڵǰΪ粨Ӱ죬˵ʱΣգ԰㲻ᡣ

˼գ˾贫ϢʱȥݣÿζͶ̸У׳ƵĻЩˣ˵ʲô
Ǵˣһ֪ǿֳϢ͸¶Ȥǣߴٻ¥ΪĶĿ
پ˵Ӱٻ¥¥ãв˴⡣ʦΪ˲Ϊι߳ٳû뿪ֱپɳԶһ档ȻʦԸôʧ
Ȼ֪ٻ¥Ƿ鱨ɱֵģϦȴ֪ģȴûͼշٻ¥ȻǱٻ¥ġʹ˾裬ǰٻپʲôֶٻ¥ĵԡ
˾ЦϽ;һģһӲġ
ƴǲȴӦȻ߻Ϣ߸ɴ˺ô£Ȼ԰ٻ¥ûȤˡĵģֱصϢв־۳ȥ
˾貢ûаѳУ򽻵Ĵٹ˲٣ǵĺ籾˵ϣٻ¥֪Ŀ֪ܲ١ģٻ¥Ѿ˭˵ġ
ҵͷظ˾裬Ǿһվɰɡ

Ӻͽһжúұȥĳˣѩ¸ǣȻ֪ͨ˰ţѩҵĺЩҲûǿ˵ֻ·СģȥءȻӺ֪ͨŵ˻Ǵ˳̡
һ·ԣֻǳŴⷢ
ǰֵ췭ظʱȴֶ˵˳ĵǲȥǲ֪ȥô԰ɡ
Ϊ˱֤ȫֻٶʻָ·ҹҲѡڳУҰ¶ޣЩв֮Կɳ֪֮ŵúϸ£һ·϶˽ӦǣԻûгʲôͷǳһȺСǡæ͵еĸ֪дһţĻ翪һΪµӮĿ
ܼƻĺȫһ·Ҳƽ
ֱ뱱Խı߾̲ǰϮ¶ʮΡõֶҲ廨ţ͵Ϯ˼ƣϻͶ˼֮ɣֶ֮Ҵ۽硣ҺҴӫģǶԴɱͰϮʹõļֶҪͨϤö࣬Ȼ汣׼ҪŵĸңЩ붼˽ʿȻ㹻ɱ֯Ļǻμ׾
ЩѵӫǰɱҵʱǷŹˮ

˵̲ںܾǰӵһƬʮĺˮģ峿ʱ𵭵ɫĺˮӳţͬɾһλã̲Ҳɴ˵
֪Ϊʲôˮ٣ֱɺԡվ̲µʱ򣬾ò̻ҳǻ̻ǻȽϺáɭֺ֯ĳɱ߾ȣֱһƬĴǻɳ罫ɳϣʹڳҲúܡ
ǰ̲ˡ̲ǣǱԽ߾ͣ˾޴ɫǹ£ų֣ˣü
۾׷ŹŰĻɳҪ͸ǽͷɳѰԼĹңԼļҡ͸˼̣ƽȴһҲ˵ֻһ˵ľ˭Ҳ
Ȼ򵹵ϣˮûȥҪȥҪؼңؼҡ
һ˲š

ΪʲôҵﳣˮΪҶذ


 142 

Ϊ걱ԽĹϵ㻺ͣ߾Ҳ١֪׼˴˳Խ˿ƥǱٰ˿˽˳ǣسǵʿͷļһ£ͻǹȥˡ˿ȻΥƷΪ͵ɵǡˡ
ԼΪڼȻǧǧǣ۾ȾһĨϲɫĳ
̲򵥳һ緹ͬͨһ̲ǵĳ˾˻˰𣬾׼ǡҴǰͽԽı߾Сݡ

Լ˶ʱڵݵĳ⡣
ڱԽʿӵͺ˳ˡԱһҵı߾еʿأа̾ʵۻǸͼεĺûʵۡ
һ·ͣĸǽܣǱԽСʲôʲô·ϴ˿ߵδӵı־˷ܵĺһһͻȻе嶯ҪҪٻȥϾοѵûᡣ
ռƻԼģݵĽ¥ɲ
ŮӼıֱţļ˵£ڻˡ
ϿˣȦҲˣ죬ˡʱ򻹰ǽ·Ͽɻƽ
һŮϲɫʼӵµϢʱ򻹲ţߵ¸Ĺյױźţֹ˼죬Ҳǣ˵˵µϢֻ·ϲϱϮ˳ȥӦ£һֱû¡Һ춼Ĳѣֱӵ½ҪϢŷ
һɫɣûʽˡڴϢôͨʹдģҲǳٵġ
ģѾȫߣǲ׵ĵݣҷĵ¡»ʱһ֮¿϶ܸ˼¡Ц
ʽ֪ҽ𣿡ʵ
Ӧû֪ŽӵϢȥϢǴھǣҪҪϲܽӵϢءش
˵ȻоԭССֵĽ¥Ȼ
аѵʲôˣоӫ΢΢һ£ϢҲıȻʱ׼
ûеǳȥ鿴ž⴫ȻͲıƿˡ
ɭϵ˽ɨһеˣȷûΣˣŴߣһɫŮ˽۾һ첽ǰڻˣ
ŮӣȦ죬֮ǰǧǶˣ˹ȥ㡪סŮӣͷԸ

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ڿǣ˵ڿӴǽһ·˵ͻرԽֿ̼ͨ԰쵽ѵɵ
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˳䣬ӺͶԿһۣһ̵Ҳûͣͳ¥ֱšԸҰӪҲݶһӡȻֻһ棬ҾͿգΪλһŮˡҲ˵谭кĵϻλˣԲŹ
Ǽ֪мй¶ȥݳǶͱΣ֮ءֻһǣǾŲ䣬ǻһΪǮƿ̬ȣУȻҲпΪǮĵˡ
Ҳޡ쵽ݵϢϲŻᴫǣȴŰ󲻾þͳˣţҲյڼӡ
ݣһͷһۣǻˣϣԶҲҪ

£ĸߺϳǳˣûݶයһ̡ûļץסǣһڵϵ𷣡
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ҽжӽ̲н¥ƹʱ͵Խȥ֪ͨҪʱȡ
·ˣһŽңԽٵжߣҾ췵ؾǡ
ӣѵϴδӳɱ߾ǰðŶ϶ֻһ·ٲҡӺ͡ӫ˿ӱ޸ϻؾǡ
żȻ׼ȷҵҵ٣ȻҲ֪ҿܿȥ˱Խһȴʲôûзֲֻұϵ飬һЩΡ

뿪԰ֻ֣ȻҲһдͷͷǵҳ䣬ֻЩ˾ӽ̹ģʲôȻֵ԰סӣһ١Ǳģǰ챻ڴϡ
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ƾʲôȥ˵١ǱǱ̫Ůģ֤ûУŪľǽ֪״浽ǰû֤ݣ˲̫Ůһë
ȻЦôֻһСȨƵС˼һСָͷѹ⽴ʹֻǰŪҲҪۣ
١Ǳôģ١ǱĹл죬ΪʲôҲҪͬһԵأ
Ȼ棺ںˣǰţȣţͲ࣬Ͳɱ֮ڵûСĻϴǱ뿪ǡ
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ݾߣҵֻҸغ㵽Ի˸ָ·Цһװ׵㶹棬ߣſŶ


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 148 

ܿ죬͢Ĵּˡ̫ʦѸߣţμ¸ѪԵ裬ŵţҵĳңΪūۣǰṦġʹʴȵģϾıʷ塣Խپ֤йһҲţ
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ֻŶһⶼе飬ʹʵ۲֣ҲԲŹǵġ
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ͬ־ĲУǽǵǺУǰгƣģǸÿ۹أûأ
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ؽвҵĵһ⾹Ȼ򵥣ϲɵȾɫعĶȻ棬ȴѶԡԴΪһ⣬ǷЩϷعΪ̶ֳȵĶӾͿԿˣ
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һ˵ҿɫԽԽڵؽЦСңһլӵĸԵʲôǰֵʲôϲʲôʲôɫ·ʲô

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˾ؽͳ߶尵ӣһÿڵĹʦؽУɥʧУҰģͬʱҳȱ㣬ǳׯóĴڲС

յϢɱ߽ĽԭһľҳĵӣʮͲͬԭķȴͬʱżҲнƫǳһšǼʶǾ¾ϣϲֻһȣڼʹʱҲ˴
ֹ죬õϢԭҾڹҵ綼ʱƵҾ󷽣ݵȼҾæԮȴ;µһɾס˲١

ҵѩµİΣҹѰ֪ϢսңרŸǰ̲סҪӺͽһ飬Լҹȥ߽
ȥӪұȥƽס
ʲôƽڳǰдһŸңǷԸıȻҡԾܾڼңȻЩ⡣
ҵǹۣԸΪҽ
ƽĬȻȻŭ׺Լ˳ȥȻָҵıػ£ĲŻҲǣ˲Ҫ̫ˣҪʵĿʲôѩƽĶӣעҪͻʼѲ˹ϵˡƫƫƫƫ
һָң۾ӿܻ⣬һɸֵı顣̾һʮƣ룺ʶԺѩ±˺ܶࡣܶǰҿⰲѩºͳһ𳤴һ飬һϰ䣬ñ˴˽ԷԼˣΪ򸾣ʹûа飬һȵ´ʺͻҸȴû뵽ڲһ㣬ǧ㣬ȴ㲻⣡ѵҲҪҡ
ĲıһְٰڳһӰһܳΪʡĵııڡ̧ͷһۣ˵ھвȱҽִ͵ݼȥС͸ϿӪ

ݼҺܸˣһػɽҲˡǺ˼䣬ҪʿΪڿЦ
ΪʲôݼԾŭȥҽ
סԼԸġοʿʲô𣬻ǲӭң
ݼţȻǣⲻǡ
ҴЦݼ浱޸֮ŮӾʹˡ
ɽһμʱһ߷ɵһµĵͷ
ݼɲŵɱˣ˵žͰʿӪ

ͨʿʮһ̣ͨʮű۵롣
ݼָԺסˣ鳤üƢҲãȻǸˣӦġ˵վһ˵Ӵüˣôչչá
תһһӸ߸ӵŮվſڣ´ңȻЦԭľҽشôҽڸĵСĪǵĸʡˣ
ݼüͷһ壺ȫӰҪ˵˵ĶһⰲģûбҪƽϣ
ƫҪƽΣȫӰŮߵߣֱңһϸüָҵ㣬Ҫˣ
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룬ý׿·ȻǶɣѱϳƮ㽣ʿõϧϲôԵǵóǹ
վſڿȫӰΪһ±װһ֧ǹľּۻۣʽ飬вɵЦһڲĵļһ
һװһӣﱣܺˣһÿ䣬һ˵˾账˵һ±װ
ȫӰԼǺ˭ôװת̰˸˵ξֽŻ죬ôһµﱨˡ˵Ŵ±ЦҿµһؤװҲַģѵС㣿
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ҵͷĵΪտѩ²ŴӦ±ӪʲôɫݵϷ

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վһߣĿԶҾòڱӪܶսĻʶˡϾʶˣ̰ͼʤһζðŵϴεĲҰף綼ǣ˾޴ʧԼҲˡȻˣǶԼһҲûˡ˵㵽ӪﵱҺȻԼҲҪĥһΣֻսϲܳɳĽҪҪҰŵһ˵˵ʵѧһЩ
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ҲЩæӣԶһ߿߹ѩ˭
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ѩŭû뵽һˣȻΪһ֮˽㰲һͨʿǲ֪ô
Ҳɫ֣ǳˣ
ѩºһûУ顣ҵ
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һˡԩһ
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ҵĵһսĻ

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㻹ʲôű𣿡ȫӰһᵶһţѾѪ㣬ΪŭΡ
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Լ޳޺޵ĺֻ֡ǡгǹһǹͷؿڵ°ͻ߳һ˿ڣ·Ǳһӵ״һѪؿڴӿȻһ˸ߣΧʿһͷȴ۾Ҳû̧һ£ΪҺˡ
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ȫӰƺܲĥ䣬һסҾӪק

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ȫӰоϱ֪Ҵ˿Ѿ־ҲϾңֻǲͣĽҵ֣ǰֱ˲Žߡ
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ʱʶԼƺûôɡ
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бƮѩµķ಻ԶĵطĿбӵĿС·ԶҲȷǲֻõͣûʲôСĸèӵġ
ⲻèӡӡ
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ȫӰƲƲ죬Ĭ˼ӣԸ͵ʲж·𣿡
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ˣ˺ܶ࣬󣬵ÿ˶ˡûпҲ֪µɫҲԷǲ˵Ķ飬ǣҲֻʮˡ
סֻҪٷһҲǵĶ֡ˣˣʲ˳ɲǹײڹĶĵʱ򣬹ȻǺõġҸоΧ˵ƽЩԷˡ
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˵ǰ͵Ϯ˶ߣôݼǱߵѹһԤҪСƲⲻԷɵ·ϡһᾡ촦Ǳߣ֧Ԯҡ
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ҺϢһᣬоеҵġоվſڣһȴȫӰԼʲĽá
վſڲȥԼΪ˯ԥŲ̺ӣЦȻ˾ͽɣſ̽ͷ̽Եʲô
˶ӿ˽һ°ΧסͷɺˣʲǿɶˣԺ󡭡ѻ죬˵ͷ֪Ϊһ̣ǲٵĽأⶼͷĹͰǰԺܽʲˣҪξˡ
ҿһһ䣬ȥӣҲЩο
ǵ֣ڵӣҲͰοһЩһٵĴȥҲҪһٵĴġ
һһ۾ְȥûܻһµ˺һᣬһ˵ͷҲҪھˣ˭Ҳֲˣֻܹûţںһ𱻼νöá
ҵͷչ¼һοЦݣ˭ʶ˵ģͬˣ˰ĹǻͻؼҰɡ

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ûǹħɵİɱͰ񣬾˵ֻǰٻ¥ܾӵɱ֯ҲǣϾٻ¥ɱ֯ûе鱨˭µԼӦ˵ĵˣɱ֡
ÿڲǸһ㱨۵ÿռ룺һʼ500ƽ𣬽ƽ𡪡ݼȫӰҵܹһǧȴû뵽Ӯȴǳ磬˰װ׸߶ʮӡ
ԴӳͷʿϵҲѸٵкѹȸʧĿʼ͵ͬ齻̸Ц֣ûмǰѽһλ߹ĻŮϵ
ȻȴҲῴıԼµȫ壬ֻб˴εͬսϣĵĽԼĺ󱳽Է
ȵҵǵһǧƽʱҲõĲˣ̵ĵطͬʮֻèӣȴֲȥץҵֹҩͿ㣬ȫӰ˽һ£ôѩ²
һ߷ҩ䣬һߵȥҹɴȥˡ
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ѩвײıԹЩ⣬ǺԹġ뵽ʱԼÿӶչػ£Գ粻ŲʣҲЩΣԲʱ̫æˡҡѩ»δ˵꣬ȴϡ
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һжƽƫƫʱһһû뵽˴ʼɺǿòǿĹŮһΪݺݴһ¾ͿԽ˦ȴû뵽ȴĲǲ̬ȴǲǰưţĸ׺׽㶼ϲвŻ
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ʱ鷢ʱ㲻ʱ򣬻ᷢԼѾ˺ԶˡɾӪߵʱһҧһһĸԼҪ˴֣кҪҪʱͺ޲ðνһߡԵһ뿪ΣأͲһе׷˹ȥڻ᲻·ϱɾҲˣܲܽȳҲˡ֮ܿһء
ǸʱȻִûеĸʲô˺Ů֮䣬ֻͳָ飬һָ΢˳嶯һпԽͺͲܽ͵ĸ顣ϲңڵӣȴǸ˹֪ԼΪӽйǶôΣգȴ׷˹ȥ
һһĻӦĸ飬һһѧϰԼûгԹĸ飬һһӽһһ˽ġ
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һǧǰ̽ӣвҪرıҡǧбҵĶ顣
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 169 

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˻һɫ䡣ξЩͣ𾪵Ŀң㣬ô֪ģ
ҵոڴҲһЩǵĶԻܲµ߰˷֡
˿ֵ࣬ĺ϶ɴҲ̫Ůҽڵߵİɣܹڼǰͽ׼ãɺϣֻһܿԽͣΪԭӦ
Цһػ²ػ£ֻһѱͿһʱɾܿҪˣǵפӦǵĶܿͻҷˣ
Ȼ󣬳פע£ٹҽӹĻƣǹɱƭǴţȻɱһռɱǶɱˡҲھӪ֮УǵĿıҪѹͨеñӣ켺ҿ˵
Ŀɿڴһᣬɫ۶˵ֻҪЩ̫ܶŮв֮ĵĲȻԼ֣˵ġ̫ŮôԼĳǣ
𣿡һЦתһֱҵˣҲͬ˵𣿡
Ů̾˿Ͼ̫Ůµˣδ֮Ҳ
ЦˣЦĺܵܿģҫЦûУػ£վĺ̫ŮԣûкýģʹŹھǣʲôãҪͬһֻССϣƽץ
Ů¶̣ԥ
ҿžӸ¿ҵ࣬Цҡҡͷ֪࣬һ취ǵļƻȫա
ֹЦɵ´ң١
۾һαվǰסĲӣɵһŤֻһͷѵ۾ŵĵɴ˿ң̱ڵϣĿ
Ǹ취ʬһۣ


 171 

תŮӵڿɻ̫Ů˺𣿡
Ůָң㣬㾹Ȼ̫Ů˸ɱˣ
ǰ平ʹ˵ֿūһʼǺ飬ūҲʹߺͶ䵭ࡣ并ͬԼʹͬ˵ٵȥֻ²ﲻĿģᱻūʹʾ⡣Ǿͬҹ͵Ϯūʹߵסɱ⣬ˣ֪ūʹԼĵϣҲū¶뺺ϵֿūЦЦڳ˵ĵϣ˵ɱģ̫Ů»𣿡
Ůŭ˵кƤһô
ҶҵεĶһż㡣̫Ůдָӣɾ֮硣֮ɾô죬ȴֻδᡣڱ߽סԼλӣȻЩԶŮȱڻңйϹϵʲô³ҲλһֱԸӦݺǰĳҲôѱҲûó
ﱧԹһô죬ɾֻڰʱڣǴ˫ַٴ򿪴ӭأЭһ½ôȽϺã
ŮѾָ򶨣ҿ˿µһʲô˵أ

÷ξõʿȥ¬ƣ֮˼ǧʿغáȻ˰ѩ£ȫӰ˽ѩºͳʬǳȣҽ˵󣬳̶ѩºһȫӰ֪ݣֻٺյЦһЦҲ˵ʲô
໹ڳУѾǿơƽһպ˾Ͱʲôˡɾƻڽʱҵ㵽غʱ˶ϼл½֮ǰԼɾ磬ֻسǺὫɾλúǣ̫Ůļƻ󱻼л˻ɾ

һӣͣ
ԶǣȻͬ󽫾ǰһһ·δκ谭ͳ̫Ů˽ӴҲ˳ΪʲôӸոտʼһֲĸоء
ʲô𣿡ߵԼĲԡ
۲һܣûз쳣̫˰ɡ
дҾЩǰ
ǰСĳԽԽҲԽԽţ΢΢һ㣬ϾĿĵѾǰǣȻǴ߽һأ뵽󽫾ļƻֻҪǧԮɵȻǵؾиһ˲䣬Ƕ룬ɱǸֱֲϴݹӦǻʲô
̫Ů˶Լһĵı飬㲻һһԼҵĳˣΪԼöֶεĻʴĹʲôǰ;뵽Լҵ̫Ů㳤̾һҡҡͷӱ׼ǰȴȻƺƴƿ֮
һ˵屾ܷ࣬ļʸȴʿİŲҽУһĪǳˡԣģвţڼǰϵĴֻǶǴ𣿼ʹС洬Ҳǽҹ֮ˣôܣ
ȻƽȴһƬ˵Ԯǧѵǵ˻᲻֪֪Ϊʲôǰĳ̫Ůһֶûᡣһмˣ
쳷
ѾƣһּȥתͷվǵĳʿǱ㣬еƴɱڡΪ׵һʮ꽫죬ˮֻפȥȴǸ߹ϣַ
꽫ɱ
ͬˮһӿ˹
㿴˿ԼʿոձһּϮŵĶûдӾԷһɢ˶Σܿͽڽڰˣ˵ķȴǳš
двãǰȥһ˿Ļᣬˣ֧פлǸʱǻĻ᣿
㽹ĸɱȥųˡ
ʿѾͷﻹֶϱֻһѹСķȥеʿΪβʿľźĳΪ˷ֹԼɢҲò·ӡһƬңʿǸҲסԼҲƵ䣬һ㣬ĳ͵ǰﵶͿΪ˱е˶òŵķӴܡ
Ҳʿǳվס޿κεıڵĳǰʱӵſڵʿԼֻԭһˡ
ǵŶպţûһر档ʿǸոӵǰϺȻһһŵĳǾӸµվڳ¥ϣˢˢ˹ȶ棬ѩļͷϢ
˿̲סõĳȻˣҲŹǵģ
شǱȸոոܼļꡣ
ʿĲҽУͼеıֵϮȴҲֻͽ͡˿꽫Ѿ׷ΧסʣµͼߵʿᣬΪǰ𣬼ΧסһʿսǵɱǺԵɱ
һнĽһԼʿһһɱʹڽʶһԼ̫ûзֳ˵ıһֺ޳̫ŮնȼţХһһɨΧʱؿڵˣΧæɨһߣȴԼʮھǳֻмԼʿԶ
㲻ãԽľѵҪڴͬһһΧĳɿĿȥ
Ѫǰ裬ҲľֱҲû̧һָֻڵ¡۾ȴ̲ס޺޵Ǹʵĳ¥ȥڶα뺷ʿУһϢΧʮ߰Ůξװ¥߶
һ˫ҲޱҲϲ


 172 

¬ƸһɱĵĽ㣬ԭɽ֮һ˷ִжǵ񣬱ȻǶԴ˷ǳء
¬ƿң¶ͺ۷飺ԭɽں㶼У֪˿θ룿ҿžĿˡ˵涢ҵСĵ㣬ԭ㿴жһ뾡취ġ
ҵͷ֪ˡ
ʿһƬеĳݺĽ۹߹ЩӦǰʿҶкη壬ȴתһµĿˣҲòӦһԼµȺ󣬺һһкӦǵĻ˵ʵĻǺůġ˵˵ʵ̹ϵģԵõҲǺߵġҿЩνŻĲŮǣŴǵۺ߶ȴܺһʿΪǾġ
ȫӰЦߣǶԵġȻ￪۽硣ǰҲʲôŵĴڣڼ㣬ǷˡǿӪ³ɳԼεĸоʵ˵ǰһµһʲôǲװģ
ҲǺһЦĵ٩˵ʿҸոȥһȥǻʲôûСҲƽסĳǣȱʲôҪӦóģ
ȫӰǸѹԣôһ˵Ȼθڣɷǣס˸߲ҵ뿪ıӰĵƽ·ǳѪˡҺּɡ
֮Ĵãƽͳһ˵ʣɾϸð̫Ůˣͼ̫ŮĹϵĲƽ֮¾ƾͼƣɾƭ£ʵзл
ƽ㽫˾ǵһλȻϣǲУԼйıõľٶưͿȻĳԶˡҿԤʱı飬˳ޱȡ

ǵڳһʱȥ¬ƣȻѾûвˣڽ棬βô˻ٵһҹȥˡ¬ҲǸûᣬ㰴˵ƽһ򡪡ȻݺװҪԼ
ƽһ̰ĿתңǱԹĿ·˵Ҿ֪϶⣡
һʵֵ࣬ĬȻվ¬󣬼װʲôûֻƽ޿κε¬ˣƽĳһȫЭ
һʱΪפļ룬ǵĶʱ࣬²ɱ߽
Ϊɵĺ󷽱Ӫ飬Ǽûʲôʱƽ׽սеԭȥѾֵļϢǼսϾʣµ綼

ݳ綼ķ̶ȱǰҪ߳࣬¥ʮ־衣
ԭĴ󽫣Ҳ֪ƭáҪϻ֮ǰ綼£ȡ綼ĿȨԭʱҾܽǵļлս綼һΣǰȡÿȨԭ綼Ǽлľˡǰ׼£ҳֻܱ֤һ·ѣҲܱ֤ȫˡ
պȣǵǰΪһļֵ
ξҴǾȳģĻмۼЦ̸ɱˣ϶ȡȨվһŤת֣ҵľϻǺĵġȻЩðգҲδԡ
̷ξȴΪ˾̫ðգһʧܣʧǳأʮַԣҵҲЩξûļƻһʧܻʲô
ҽƻ˵󣬱δۣȨ¬ƣӹʩѹһ֧УȨǺҪģҲΪԼӰ¬Ƶš
¬ƽͷתңޱȣмְգ
Զ綼ǣ֡
̷ξЦһû˵ʲô𣡡
¬Ƶͷһļƻȥɡ

Ҳ˼ʮС￳ӣһټܼ׵ĻԸðյʿŻ綼ɽϣɽϵ˴ҹڵȵķ򣬱һʿɽȥ
ѩ£ȫӰ˵ʲôҲҪ뼸ֻԣǼ롣
ҹɫڸ£ϢĽٵ綼ڣҵǣæиϳĻûгʲôǲû;׹ȻмʿλñԤƵЩƫȻҲԱġǰпܷԼôһһ˵ˣ˵طʿȻһǻϡ
ܿҶˡҴ˶ʮţŵʿȫӰûբŻ򿪣ض̶˳¥еɱһǷӵʱΧǵʿҲسǵɱ
վڸߴĳһſźŵһźɫǳ죬ڰžըĿ
ǰسʿʮ룬ͻȻĺͼе֮ݶһɣɱȴǺ뵽⾹Ȼô̸ߺ죬סţ֣ͶʯֻصԼġȻֹ
ȥǸͼָǷָߵ̧ͷһѩվڳ¥֮ϣ壬һѪ䡣ɫҹЩʣһͷһٷ䣬֮ȴߵɱŶ޲¶ֵı飬Сļٱɱ֮ززǿᵶģҲһһ͹鳾
һӣ¬ƾʹһǧʿǧϳ¥綼Ҫĵص㣬˾ã⣬֣Ӫ·һһָʿӳеرȻ䱸ҲķӦǵٶ̫죬ûиǻֵĻᡣ
һʱ綼ɵĵһ߾Уڰڵڶ䵽СеľԼһεľ飬ûз̫ɧܿͱ
һ潫²úãһʿóǷ׼¬ưռƻ綼ϵȼ
Ũ̴ٺɫĻǣȽȽƮգĵɫУԵĸĿ
վ̨ŷ𣬺Ȼǰ족ĸ֣һ˵ĸо
ѩҵߣҵ֡һЦڱ˴˼ͷƬ̱


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¬פس¥ʿɱľװΪʱϳ¥ûȥ鷳Ҳһʿ·
ȫӰһװȻѳҺȵļϸ־ܣ
ΧʿҵˣȫӰ˵һȫЦ
Ҿ˫֣װֵ̿ӣ󡢴Сʲô֪
ʿǼƽ΢Ц˵ҲῪЦҲɵĴЦ
۾ȺɨһۣЦߵһߣʣأôܲʹһ𣿡
ȫӰЦһ壬м˭֪ʱʱʱðЩŹƢҿԭǸ֮ҳģһ㲻˳һ˭ǷǮһġ
һһ£ЩֵֹģǰǺƤǰȥȴƺڻرҡѵǶڸĲŻмƽϣӦ΢һԼĹâԼҲлչһ²Ż
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΢΢һЦѡΪԹͬ飬ȻʶԼͬ顣ȻˣҶԴ䲻ðҪΪġǰ;ıһµ뷨ͻ

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粢ҵߣΪӦʲôӣ۾һָֻķػ£ʵĽ㣬Ҳ㣬㣬Ҳ㡣ĲŻÿһҲÿһȻʧɫʱ룬ʧȥһУʲôһˣ
΢΢һЦأ
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Ϣеĳ죬꣬꣡лصá

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ڼʮӺ˵ȻĻѾ̳лλڵսѾƽϢΪΨһİãǱȻġôҲεõľˡ
Ż𰢾ŵšҪ˵һһǲҹάȴԼҲаҲҽŷԭ
һǾǵĴС¼㱨а̬ԽԽˣüûʾõСѾҲ磬˲ٿͷ¹ʦؽھȵ𣬳ֿȵĺˣǹӯţҲǲԴΪԲֶθھҲܳ㣬ֻǰٻ˹һս֪˲٣ʼղȡҵ֮ȻؽԳȹ̻ʴ֮λʹжҲ֮飬˵Ĺϵƺáŵ̽ӣ˽¼棬һ̸ı顣ؽ̨ΪˣǶʵ۸ܹȥˡã˵ĶѾʼˡûıм󻬼ţĹϵἱٶ񻯡
һǹԼѧʲôʲôˣôģôóԣ˭˭ˡȻ˵ĴнĻǰúܶ࣬һ԰ٻͼͷ棬һȥͿơ

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ֽѩס˳һѹס˫ͷ̶ڴͷָĴĻƵϲ
ѩյͻתߣȴȫûҪ˼۾Ĳʢͬ͸ʯһĶҵָĴ󵨵Ϸ£Ⱦ糺ɫ
áŹᣬȥ۾һ¡ѩȻȻĺ۾ظԿЩ̲סջҳûؿںһѣѩ±ͻȻϮһ۾ŭߵĶңȴҧ촽˵Ҽƽ䵭Įѩ´˿ڴϣ˫ֱܶ۾ŭĿҪ޳飬ʱɫĴַͷĹĶͷһֱ촽ʱ򣬱㿪ʼЩʧأѩºȻ§סҵĲӣ͵ķһظŸ֨
Ұͷѩ°ĲϻصĿļһȥһڣСĵ̽ѩ³һҵСϺݺһ£ʲôһ㣡ϵʹø磬ҲǵһΣ̰ɣѩ±ŭݣģɵһЦϢ
ƲƲ죬ѩµս˵һ˵ôӣ˰û⿪ͷϵĺ˼ѩ¡̫ѽˣѩ±ŭҪ˵Ŀ£ҵ󣺡æɣҡָݺһš
ѵ㻹ҪԼⲻɣѩѹҧгݵһŰĲˣѩʱ¶ӵһ˿ֺŤҵҲǺˣСͣҲ˼ѩµһۣиԥɫҸæ§סѩڣߴٵѩ£ҵѩˣѩεĿһۣϲע»
ʱҺȻоҵľ˹ֻһˡѩɫ糺죬ңޱ˵ӣۿѾþҪԵռζȻַɵˡһʹ޸ĸߣһҲòһѽѩµסȻԼҲ˽ȥ

˾ƽס
ѩû𣿡ƽ۾ھɨһۣĿڱϡ
ѩ´Ҳû뵽׹Ҹо΢΢ЩӲ
ѾȻ󽫾һʲô𣿡
ƽûӭ½ٴǰ綼ʹ̸Сսо׹Ӱ󣬶ԷҲϣܳϯ̸ʽҲΪܲμӣȡкôϣܲμӡ
ûȤչ˿󽫾ǡ͵ͣüͷûбԭѩڱﲻĺҵĴȡ
ƽȻѾԤҵ̬ˣӦǺܼңҲ̸ϸˡֻҲǾӪеĴ֮һˣһЩҪ񡣡
ҵھӪлɱ²ҲҪ˿ܣҲǺҪġ
ƽĿһۣǳ̾һ˳ȥ
һۣǼѩ£һҪȥ綼ʰһ¡˵뿪ˡ
һ£ոͷˣƽȻҪȥ綼ѩǺܿҪȥģѹָոѩ¿Ҵȣ뵽˴ʱԼô±çȥʲô

ѩߺ鲻ˬ㡣
ЦܡݼȫӰ¬ƲֻҪƺȣ˵ְ˲ܾôˡǵڶ죬Ҵȥ˾Ӫþ¥ʮ̳þƣ˺ȵذ
ԺоԼ˱ؾӪģȻͳ˯ţֱڶ类ҡεĽؽˣ
üͷԸ۾ʲô鰡
ȫӰһŵѩ±ɱץˣ


 175 

Ҹƽ˵ĲᡣڰʱѾûΣˡϢͺˡ
׵ͷ
߳⣬Ѿվ˺ܾáĿһۣ𣬸ҵԲѩΪ˾ҲŲСĸץסġ
̲סһȭ˹ȥ
簤˴ֻҧ˵Ҳ֡ԽԽÿɶһ½һȭһȭȥݲðͷ
ΧʿȻȴǲǰܣæ֪ͨܵˡ
һסݼȫӰʹ磬æҺͳֿһһ飬Ǻͱǿ׶ѪҿžòޣֻԼĻʹ졣
׿ŭػ£㻹鲻ֻ࣬ŴܣҪַŸûܱѩ£أ綼ȥûȥʲôʸˣ̫ˡݼҰԼȥú÷ʡһ£ҿھӪˣҶȻϳͲ
ȭͷ޳磬ȴҲԼ˦˵ֱۣҲֹܶļ߻ԼľʣԺ˿Ҳ뿴ĺҳȥȥ

̸еص㶨綼ﴦ
ƽס硢ѩµ˵ǶЩԣԷ̸߳ٳٲֻ֣мӴСְڷܡƬ֮ǲŷԼ챻һ֧ɾΧ֪ʲôԭ򣬳Ȼǰûвﻷ쳣ԼԷӵ춯
ΪԷһױǴ˲١ǺܿǰΧȱڴͻΧȥԷȻ׼Ӽ粻ұɱסѩ̷྾һʱȣΧĸɱһӵϡԼǱҪץڵѩ´˷ãܿ챻ץס
ۼԽԽ࣬ȥȲѩ£ȫûƽֻ״ųǿͻΧ뿪Ϻ;УƽмӾ꣬־ᶨֱҶ綼¥ϵؽԣæӭȥԮų׽Σ״̬ƽһǾҲ֧Ųס˹ȥ
ϣѩµݺܿ챻¶󽫾֮ҲϢ󣬾ӪＸšϾֹӽģѩھж꣬˶Ϥȴ֪ȻǸӡ

ɹûк̸˼ԭͶϢһɶʱ򣬿ƽ۾ּɳɾߵȴһֱиڼҵİӺ綼ȻǾϽµĶ鶯ҿ죬ھȻ˷ô̵ʱѾɳһ֧Ϯ顣ĿȻΪ˳̸еʱ򣬽ҪץסɱɾʿΪɵܻϾšѩµݣֻѲһˡ
Ȼֻ׽󽫾֮ӣȴӺһҴѩµݳķзƽΪһ󽫾֪ξֱǶ˵
ϢԾ˵ٶȴǣǵһλҲװӶȻŹҵĻᣬڳһٵɿƽְأξ۾ϡ̫ŮԳȻǸͲϣǳãҲֻ˵ϼϣƽ֮ᷢࡣ
ĲȻ֪󻻽ǴɣµҲٰȥּ󽫾ƽȥ󽫾һְ˺úؾͬʱݴ󽫾һְ׸
ּһڳһƬȻԴû˱Ϊ󽫾ʹݴġȻڹۣ˭ҲûȥܲõĲ۵ľֻаĦ⡣
ıӪ˽ȫӰ˿ûй˼ݣһ٣˵ƭã̹ϲҴ򶼲ֻ֣ǼʲôӦʥּ󣬳ͿʼæӺ綼Сϣ״سصʮּࡣȻ󷽣ȴҲæļε
磬ݼңĨʲӦɾһɲĸϳ⣬ֻȫӰʱҵľʣΪҪĸھ

ͣ±ʣҿ˿е֣һ
Ѿˡ
ѩ±ץߵĵ졣ΪֹֻõɾѾΪ͵ɶϢ֮⣬ûˣûбŰԵʲôסʲô֪
̫Ѩʹ۾Ҳ֪ԼǲǶԣĻѩ»⵽ʲôĴҲҹÿÿ˼˴ֻؿͬʣʹֶдˡҹԼ͸Ѳߵʿʱػأ⣬źǣâ貣ԺǸѩ峺͸Թޣ·ӿƣ֮ȥ
ɣˣػ¾Բưոݣؽǧٱĸһ
뵽ҽд¾ãһ߳ʡ
ܺãѾû۾ȫӰ⼸һֱھغһңǳ¶ЦݣڿϳˡҶ켱ˡ
΢΢һЦһûأ㼱ʲô
ʲôȫӰĿе־
һشĳЩµĶ
˾ʣƽ綼ڡ
˼ҾȻ֣Щ졣ҽһдֵֽǰ
ƽľĵѾõĲ࣬Ѿ𴲻һۣ־ʼһҳҳϸϸĶ˺ȴ𾪵ĵɴ۾ļĴæɿ췭ģ־ֶڷһҳ־£ؿڵľ¶顣ƽǿһ¸ղΪ־ϵݶӥһ۾ңʲô
һݣֱŵҪָȨ
󾪣վ£Ҫʲô
ҵɡ


 176 

ڽǸո뿪ҲͷļͼڴϺ۱˯˹ȥţֻ˯һͺˣһᡭ
ʱģȻѾˡ
ŭȫӰȫӰûзԸѵ֪һ˯Ȼʱȥʲô
ˣҽġڰľﾹȻһˣҾȻûз֡
վȼȫӰ˵Ѿÿֻ˯һʱˡЩǲҹ㣬ҲҪúϢһˡ
۾ӦһĹߣôˣɱֻǲʮĵطôҲϵĴ󽫾ôܵ
˳㿴㡣ҲϣڼѩǰԼȵˡ
Ҳͷ㻹ǹԼĺáǰʱ䣬ҽڶǲǣ
ЦģǱ߶ӣҲһٵġο㲻ǽŸ𡣳Ӧʱˣ
ҽɺ󣬳Ҹɺͽڣü߽ݡżսк֮ǣҲңֻ뷽跨ĳʳʵв֪ˣ˽ҴʬѵĳдǳƽǷ͸гСԺ˲٣ѾǷﾡˡʽĵλȹ̲٣ǹйıѪ׵ĲȻùӳԡ
Ƴһۣһװǳ˿ʼ˰ɣԼҲͲסˣԲİɡ
¶޿κεı飺Ҳס֪ôȻԭԲһֱûôĵϢ㣬ֻҲ֪ѾΧɶ£Ļ̻̣ʩһѹͿ£Ϊʲô֣

£ػ´һɼƻ߽󽫾ʣˡ
һдֵֽƽһҹûܹ˯šֻ˼ţ͸ܶ磬󵨶ƻסˡ
ƻ嵽ϸڣװ飬˫Աȣ˫죬ҵ˾΢ķͬʱսķչԤ⣬ԼԤϣ˼˲ͬ׶εĽص㣬İоսս˼룬̾Ϊֹ
ƽԳ̾ǲ֪˿ˣҲ벻һʮ꣬ӾµŮдǾ˺ܶܶľγɵľ˼չʵսУǾСʹʮξ飬Ҳûаƶôļƻػ֮ţоأĳ̶ȡ
ƽڶͽػ½е̸ӦҪҪ죬еŮеһһսУΨػհƽûбܻڳ磬ȻǸϵĴ󽫾ǳҲףΨػ²ãֻҲûϵȻĵز
ɡԽͳһǴͳȴһֱû顣
죬ľפɹʮﴦΧˮйͨ
˭ţ˭ţʱ䣬ػָʮΧ͵ϮػأϮգˮͣñɣжȣս·רһ˵ԳɾһֻʼѲ˵ļʸĶһ·Ĵѹƭ׷ϣɱһǧʹȴһĲҰܡ
۳һ·ֱ룬Ӧľ棬ػԼ󣬰սްܣŷɥƮ֮ɾӣһ֧鱻˳ΪؼҾڱµĴӪУȻһ֧鱻ƺɼػ²ݾԣ˾þġ
ػȻϵһ˧ȴȳ͵Ĵ󽫾ȨھӪдϵ£šؽ˵ؽڣʲô֮ĶԻ֪ܶѩǰһֱƽԴػµ˾ӪУѩ±㵽ߡ˼һܵӣǾͲ²⣬ʵػ󽫾֮ʵһԲ¡ȻػҲǵİӪ֮ĹɣȫΪ˱°Ϊɹսռ綼޳о
ԽԽʢѾΪʵǣػµĲŻƷּ֮һĹ⻷Ĥݡػ²ûгҥ֪Ϊ⴫ԱҲʵֻػҲʱ첻Ҫš

һڵȡ˯ʱҾ˲١ȻոЩΪͷˬ٣˵ҲԺЩ
ȣʲôʵ
ɵĳ⡣ޱ˵
ôǸѩ±°ף
ǰɶʹߴܺҪ̸ʾƽԸƳÿɹҽ˽ʹ߸ϳӪֹգʹߴµòƽԸͶĳӣҪ֤ǵƽ˽˸˳ȥٹգҲǰ죬սսʹߴµ˵ֻҪܱ֤ҳԱƽԸٹͶ
һûнϸߣһҪӺͷ
ɫһɷ׵ʹ˵ʲô˽θ˳ȥ


 177 

ɾеһˣ̸ξ̣۳ɳʮƽҪѷһ˵ǳףˡ
ϧҡ

ոսֳңݼ¬֮⣬δõĳϣȻǶ֪׽ ںǰ㣬ԭĹȴΪֻǶţΪǱ˵Ŀ󣬻һʱѩµܹϵ˶ҵıӻƶֻƽ󽫾֮λƳһʱĴˡȻԸִеȴΪȻ̸ɡ
սҪսԸҪ
ɾһνʱֿ˳綼
˾⵽нķԣ˿Ҽƻĳ硢ףԼޱȵݼ¬ơ
ҼƻʼֻǶһ綼ҪӪ˽ı߾Ȼǳˣǳ׵׵ġҪı棬Ҫð֮ˣΪľڰǰһ

Ϊ˱ܣҡ硢ײδ͸¶йؼƻһ֣֪Ȼݼ¬Ҳܹ޳ҡǾгַԵҲͲΪˡһޣҵľָҵıĭɵδսӵĵСǱ˴Сƽôῴһҷơ
ȫӰţҵļױϳʡ
Ϊ߼죬ôɼСϳȥױҲˡǺܸɴҵǰȫСפ㣬ѶڽҲ˵ĵ͵ƽ뿪ĵһڧ
Ҫǳ⣬һֹ
ȵ˫ƽվǰĿһۣǿһ
ҵ֪㲻ҲûֻΪһ߼٣ܵ󳳴֣ӾͣҾģõأ
޹Цǰ°ͣмô㻹Ҳ𣿡
һЦȨ㣬ɾ;Ȩ㡣˵ȫӰȥѾ˽ͷµˣʮЧȣ
޵ɴ۾ŭ㾹ҡ
Ҿңɫһ䣬Ȼθߣޡսעݣ˭ǴĽ죬ְʲôܵҵľǰĿ޾ĳ֣󽫾뿪ɢҵǰȻƴܣٹ죬ǲǾʹ췴ˣ֪ΪĽʿʲôӰ죬ôҶΪѴӪֵķֱɾһɢɳ𣡣
޸һϬĳŪƿԡ
ҶԱȫӰľٵ޲ؾͣѰ£浱ʮȥִУ
־ŭɱһؾͣѰ¡ֻܺȥ췣ļױŭԣҲֻû뿪
ΧΧ۵ڽʿޱǰ֮ϣҪ˷

죬Ҵ޵鴫ȫ
ţںܶҲΪνؾͣѰ¶ֻΪսҵţðҵϣҵļ޲ŻﱻǸʱó洦Լȫ⣬խƱ񡱵С˶һԼȨȨȻʱܴӾϵǾҴӶϻȡɡ
Ժ󣬾жҵĲɣٲսҵĻˡ

ΪʲôѡޣȫӰңҵļƻȻ֪Ĳ࣬ȴҲ֪Ҳν顣ҪȡýǵΣûİ취ΪʲôһҪԼô
ҵ⡣
ƽһߣ˵ĿҵϡЩĿˣгˣҲˡҵո¶ͷҲڵ飬ɶ˽ⲢࡣڶעˣȻɾİӺ
֪ҵͺĿǰھеĹ׸ḡȻһȴסĸоȻҲʹӡٶһ£̽һſ±ç嶯ĵֻҪļôһţͷ裬һһҵС
ΪʲôѡޣΪҿ׼ֵԸ࣬㡣ݼȥ죬ȰҪƫȻСùӡĳԡ޹Ȼмƣڶ鷳ȻĴɵЧȻҲȫԸѡԭһΪӳ嶯ԭǸˬǸһչ¶Լܺͼƻ޼ʹ֪ҲԲǺң˵ŲߣԼ±ç
ھԵˣһʯ񡣲ʱеֶΪ

һ¸ǵҪ
ҪӺҵĲܺͺʤ֮ģǡñѹһͷĲ֮ơǣºҡ綼һºٴΡʧ߾פӪӱƵ޿ˣΡơķ˶ûгɹӪڲȺ鼤ߣǱߵĳʩѹӵ硢׵챻ǰҪҾְĽŪ̡Ҳţôǲƻʵ˲ƽػؾУҿЦá
Ҹûţֻ֣졣
һذըɳ͢Ͷ˹һըˣƽּٻذӺһȡλá
ҵõϢټڽչҵġɵľסӺλ˵ǰսּΣգʱ˻ؾ
ȵŷȥûãҾܡ
󣬰ȵߵơֱʱȻҵļıɳĳ򷢻صϢӺӵƵʱ¶߲׾֮ɫ˵ݣֻڿƽ۵ʹǰȻ̾ɱػػ֣֮˴󲻾֮ǣʹߺΧһɽɫúѿ
ǶΪֻԼٻض˵

Ӻ뿪Ӫ̤Ϸ֮·죬ڸһСɽϿżױ뿪龰ӺԶ͵Ⱥ׳ۡһУϰ䱸ɭϡؾĽʮִۡƽ۶֮أȻɼ
ȫӰҪˮңӺ뿪ıӰңңһȻˮڵϡȫӰҰݹˣӺȻʱղ࣬ɫ¶̣Ȼܿιȥ
˫šұػ岻ѡϧǵзѣ˽ҾԲŹ㣡

ĸºڵȵҪĻᡣ
ߣÿƽֽͷ­ϡѩµģ°ѩµģǱȷ룬ҹǣҵǵˣȫҪۡ㲻Ǹͷѣ
ƽûʧ
ڶ磬ʹװŰͷ­ϻӣҿӺȥƽдһ˿ˣᡣ
翴ʿϻ뿪̾һŵȵľ
ֻ֮һȫӰɼнӹܽչżһһĵұΪӺڱɶǰͱƽ۴û뵽ȻҪԿڡɶлڰбһ˵ĴڣһǱڵв֪ƽε˼Ϊޡ޵ļˣһбӺɣͲ侮ʯԣһҪȡҪԼҺ֪ʲôܹˮ£ٳٲ


 178 

ҽҪ󽫾ֽʱա
ɶĸң¥ϵʿɫǻ̻̲գ֪ǻʲôʱ򹥽ƽȻ͵͵ʹߣȴûнͶ˼ڡ˫ʿʱʱǻἤ𻨳Ȼûǣʿǰ䣬ȴеġ
ȫӰƺȤÿÿ˵ȥûãȴܿɫ¥һˣ˵Ҫ㡣
Ҵ̧ͷ˭
Գ̫Ů
̫Ů
üͷȥ
ǹ˳¥£ͷȥһɫĳʿйȻһһŮӣŵɫͷڣ㣬ţȴûʲôԵĹʡ
бһ٣Ŀϣ·ڿԼһᡣֱŽתƵϡ
ػ£Ůʵ
δصǣ
ŮӲ˴̫ŮӺؽһ̸ɷ

ƶɼƻ죬ռйؿƽеϡ
ƽӺĻŮʱ̫ŮӺλȡʤǸʱʼԸʼĶɹţͺܺý˵֧ϻλİΪʲô񾡹صĽ֡ƽ۵ֶɲûΪ٣תƵϣԼŮ
Ϊƽ۵ĻλǴĸʺǰ̫ŮжɴˣҲ־ԼĻλгһջᱻԼŮȥбɵ࣬ĵճŮӺΪӺĸǻʷСͱȷ̫ŮݣϴСã˼άݣܵûҺͳǵĺӺҲϽѧ̿࣬ʮһܶԳ𢷢ԼĶؼ뿴ŮҪɫĶࡣ
ӣ̫ŮӺҲ𽥲ԼĸʶԼĽ䱸ͿѹѹĽ飬ʹãٵ˲һѩءߵĸģÿһҪʲôĸʶָơ
ڶҲһһεĿպģǿҲܲһһصĴߵ𽥵Զ֮ӺĻ䡣ȻһչŻתɽˮҵĶ֪̫Ůֻڼѧ٣żһͯɽˮңڡƽżɥ־ͷϴӦҪģڼҰ죬ֳй䣬Ϊһף²顣ö֮ҶλϵĻʴδĻλ̳˵Ĵڡ
෴ƽ谮ĵ¾ʮȴ𽥵õʵ۵ĳ谮һ޼̳Ȩвƽ۵ĵλǿεˡһʮȷʵڴĦ˼ʱһǶˣҪﵽʲôĿģֻҪȵʮӻĸ߶߶Щ֮ͻ׵Ķࡣ
ϴδǩʱ̫ŮѾȷϵЭݾȻԱһӲأɴ˿ɼʮɵȨ͵һô˵ĳ̶ȡ

Ϊ׼ЩҲƶ԰ļƻһԼľֿ찲һӺ󣬾ˮȨѸļһʮ¾ߵŻʹӣʱʱ͸¶һƣһᵯΪΪȻǺò׵Ȩƺ͸Ϣ
ӵⱾӵȨƵĵ¾ʮԶһ̡ȥ˻ûзʲôͱв˼ᶨҪȥֻҪԴ㴵磬ҪɵĿƽ۶԰䱸֮ģ練Ƶ顣
Ժܿ죬ݡİյһⷵʥּҼðòݲľÿƽ۸ƶ˰ĴӵصĲ֮ġһƽֻ顣

һߣұʼոʧء
ɵļ󽫴Ὺʼġں㣬ԭһһ𣬱ƽõİѾǵ״̬Ժ󣬴ɵ󣬼ûʲôĵֿƽۺļ죬һЩСţ޲аǰ֮Ŀƽ˶ʲôսƻҪϱȵ˻ظж
ͲǣȦ󣬾͸һľӣôҵĶ֡
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ȫӰȻǿһǣʶȤ˵һߣʲôҲҲû˵ȵҺѩ¶ƽζĿˣЦ⡣
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ѩж֮ҲӦھӪƽɼҲûұѩһ𷵻ؾǣɸոͶػСɵ䷴ڣеĽӹҲֻǸոտʼڳ͢ĹԱ֧ǰûڴ˵ѹֻҲǲС
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Ϊϣһ˿⣬ԲͬԼԼߵһֹķУͬϵһڶǱҹûʱ

ֻſܲ죬ĿǰʸжؽٵģҲΨĸһˡ϶ؽȻд
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ȻⱾӦѣĿһĻȴһԶƵľҵĵ״ܽ֫ٺȫѪҺ̳衣·˸ңҪȥٿϵճϵ¶飬Ųķ㣬оĴ
£Ψһܸġѩ˵ͬɫĻ䣬·Լϼ̳ǰһ̣Ǿļᶨ˵ţҵ
˼Ыһܿѩµ֣Ҳҿ壬Լջ󣺡ѩ£֪ҪĲ
ѩնڣֻߵҵߣܸоָҵҵҴǡҵսȭͷǽϣԼҪ˹ȥѩµĳ嶯

ջǰξ

ѩ£ģǲģƿ˫ۣʹѩ£ңҲԼ
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һǺĵУҲܱ˸Ҫôңػ¡Ҫһʩĸ飡
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Ҳһ¸ҵˣ벻Ҫ˺ҡ

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ѩ۾ҵĶһ˲תĿңʶ·Ŀһ˿İѴϵá
⣬һڴ̵ɽּ©ɫ⴩ɫƬֶ˶˵ɫɽɫε£ͬɾһżһ޺ôôˡ
ָŶľɫѩ£㿴ǲǺȻ͸һɳײҵıϣһ˫ֽҵѩ½£Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
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һ仰Ϳ԰Ҵݵµһ仰㹻еһ仰Ϳʹĺ޲ȥƫƫ۾ŬѹеѣΣеζͷսģЦѩ£ûйϵûйϵģһֵġֻϣҪһ죬Ϊѡڡ

סѩ§ס֣Ȼһһָ


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ҽеĻϨѩȥѩµ۾ס֪ѩµľԲҺùֱʹǿҵΣܵġֻ֪Ҫˣûʸ
ѩ£ԭ·ءߵò죬Ͼǻȥ˶ʶһʱܶӳһ̾ӳһ̡ѩûκǵĶȴһҲɿҵ֡
˵ǴûġܰĴһպõòҼҪŮУǴԼļһ
۲ۣҪҪЪһ᣿ҵ
ѩµͷ
ʵСʱǰǾЪһˡ

һ޴ʯϣѩҴҵĳ⼸ûйܹЩᡣҿָһһƵҵͷȥָȴ
ѩºȻ̧ͷң˵ʲôԶзһứʮʿΪһŮ˴ػ£㱻Χˣ־ܣ·Ϊ֤ĻֳˣֳֳŰΧ
һ۵ȤûУȻˣҲûСڰСʱǰͱֵǱó֡
ػ£Ůֵ˳
̾һȻ¶ֱ̿ѩµȥɡȻҿɻᱻɽٳ߿ʮ˶ء
ѩ͵ץҵ֣еĿͲĲɪɪὫͷۿѩ£ֻ֪Ҫ˵һԸȥһϴߡˣҿ˳ơǹħɱ˸أ
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ѩҵ۾ҵģãһһסϤīɫɫҲʼļµɫ׷ɫ
ֻҵĻģָָһθܱ˴ĵ·¶ȣȻʲôˡ

ѩһһͷߵԷӪУЦʯϣһҲûж
ѩһԷıΧмվǰԷһѩѾǵУתңػ½ɱ񼫣̽ץзɱۣ
ѩһ⻰ɫ䣬תҪ£Ľ͵£ԼҪߵģ
ŮĵѩһۣעݣҪ˵һЩСĻ˵һ֣ӵסѩ£ɽȥ
ѩ¾ŵʲôſңǲԡ
űεѩ£ѩ£ôףһģľ֣ΪģĿʼնҡ
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ֻǣʹҸˣ
ʵҲˣֻȴǵĸȥĲۻ᲻һŭ֮£ѪϴҡϾҵĺӣҰ
Լʹ壬ȴĸԸֻ̤ΪһǣƵ֮һϣ

Ĳôľ֣Ҳ޷Ϊ˸̫̾ͨŮĵ·ɡ
һôң֪ٴٻٴľڵҲǵָԻҷޡ
һ潫ѩ¼޸磬͵ڽҰһ˳λ֮롣
ֱӵĿġһңȴֲܱƵǾĺá

һļʸһĲ۵ͷԡһŮӣȻִó̳ԼĻλضǳڶԻʷ´ʵĸ飬ʵںһλȻ೤ĸ顣Ͼ۲Ż־ΪŮĳþڳ֮£ûбҪѡ粻ɡ
ѾǵˣҸоƣ롣׷ɱȴǻһһǳĺܡȻйõģࡣֻǶһǧﱼؾǣ˵ɻ̫һ㡣
ʲôǣĨһ£۵Ⱥ졣
ѾԽԽѹƲסأϢҴˣ߾綼ʹҪ鴤ϢһҲٶ
һٶۣļϾͻӡ
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Ȼ޴ӣԴԴϵ׷ŬϢȥȴдһվվǰģȻǳ硣
뵽챻ҵסѨһ¨ӣɵÿЦǷˮת
翴ң鸴ӣһƺǽ죬˵ʲôɫԥһᣬڵ˵ͷ
ŵƺһһ֣ʸҷɹ
ڿжܼǷǳѵģοԽĺϡ
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ұһ̳ˮУˮԶʱһƬã۾ʿˮоȻǱˣһʮˣУΧ˹ոˮˣץҵĽţϡ
龰ʶ
һȻ뵽ܾǰĳһ죬ҲڣҲںϣˣѩ£ţӺͣڡֻʱ򣬡ˮǵĿ󣬶컻ҡ
ΪһΣˮɵ˶ʮˮؼҺȴ˺ܳʱ䡣ˮܾ¶ġ
֪ܵ˲ࣺţѩ£ӺͣС硣
˿ڱԽѩ¾ôӺͱҵˣôΨһĿܣֻʣǰվڴϵˡ
ô׷ĿľΪ˰ұƵɡ㾫ĲúõͿԷˡ

磬ջ̤һ
һôһ˲սսأֻ֮飬ȨλǰδҲ̫̫һˡ
붯ַȴԼѾܾԼԵĿƣһϢһûˡʶҲԽԽ磬ϵʹҲģֻһһʺǰˮͬˮī֭һϵ󡭡
ˣͺ˰ɡģ룬Цź۾


 188 

˼磬Һͽ㶼ˮȾ˭
Ц̻ش𣺡ȻȾ㰡
пϲȴװŵӣ˼ƭˣȻ˵˵ΪʲôȾң
شΪˮ

ѩǵأСָСѩĴӲ԰׵Ʈ䡣
ҰѲ֪ΪʲôˮĴ
һ߸Ȼֹһӱ˷ŴӳСĵıůָұ⺢ôˡ˵ű

СߣְʦǲǣʦŽߣžһҵġ
ұ᣺˼ֻɽȥ
ʦŭʲôÿģɽϵ鲻㿴𣿡
ʦ㡢ʦڨЦȰʦССĴ󣬷û³𣬾˰ɡ
ʦ̾һ߷һߣɽĻʦֵһʤ˵

һТ׹ɽŵλǰӴʦнӹȨӡ
Фؽսŵһţڴ˽˸ģҽϸµӡ泯λı˽Υģ
û˿ۿ۵ߵ̧ͷʦոµλע̺ģִģ

һţҽе֦һӣĿűĵĿȫǵ󷨡
ߣסңûôס
ڴӳ˳ļת˷ֱܵṦɽһ·Ư
ɽµĻ磬ˣ


ֻںڰн֯ңһҼλʵҶûȤȥ룬ֻǾüƣ룬ۡ
ˡ
ô˶߲ĵʡ
ᰡˣ˯ɰ
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߹ҵΪʲôأǲΪˮ
룬۵ǿˮǱʲôϵ⡣ֻһ㣬Լѹ
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Ѿ˰ɡϵʲô̬ȣɱˣҲˣôӣѵ˲ɣ

Ҳŷ֣ҵֽ϶ֵָںɫһͷηǽڡ
ҵ֣ĴţͼұִůӺȫӰ˵˾нʱֳĬһбթʵ˵ڹȥΪʵͳ˧ȨԲСոһؾӷɧҶġɵڣȴûдκβ׵ϢĸʲеʲôΣиıŽŲҲȡκδʩ
˼һᣬͬͷȷǡƽȥͦͨһŮӣû뵽ȻϻʼҹˣС
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֣ͣ˰һۣƺ˵ʲôȴǴסˣȻȻˣ;ɡµ˻ҪڹƣѾȬĲˣʣµֻܿԼˣǲԸѣȥҲû𡣡
С˰ϸڣһĺ¼ܸоڵŮӺȻ֣ŵ£߹ˡ
빭һۣһȻ뿪 
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պұװһʬ˳Σڡ˵ҶǸװ˺ܲʹʬ壬ҲûбҪôɣȻȷʵܶѪҺҲ൱ܵء
⼸գҲ㲻Լʲô״̬ܹоÿһ֣ȴ֡Լ߷ÿһ顣ѿǰѵȫҵĻþʵ˵ںˮأѾˣ
Ƶ룬ȻѾǸˣôʲô
쵽ڵʱұһϵվҷ˽Ӻ밢š
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ϱճ࣬һӺ͵ǵĳɭϣаա
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ƺĬһᣬųɵСߣúٿһۡ
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ӺЩͷҪͿȥɣĪǵʱ䡣
ƺЩģ

ܸоŵ˳ƿӣȵĿյҵϡұЩܣ۾ҵ۾һ𣬷·͵ʱ׽ŵĺһ¿ֻǡ
򰢾ţм仰뵥˵¡
Ż˵֣ȴǴûмᡣʲôûʣҷͷϣʱ䲻Ҫ̫
ȰȥתɫѾ˺üε᣺ʲô˵ɡ
ᱻҵ̹ȻŪЩ֪룬ֻͷ˵
ҿϴͨʿٵľװ̾һǺοࣿ
̧ͷһۣĬĬӻһֻ˿ŵС
һȴһ֧ΣЩ졣ڼȻȥʱ綼ٰӵһ裬ùı֧Σֻƺеˡ
û뵽ǸʱǱʰˡ

֧ΣһֱߡսΣһֱ룬ͬһʲôʱܹټһ
һԶֹʹǰжʱôôᣬôôɶҲͷڲǼ𣬻ߣ
Ҳֻ΢΢Цһ£ЦдŵˣҪȻǰҶͷϣһ¡
ΪΪ룬ŭᣬʲô
ȴѾת³
£أڳȻǿɳ۶ȥ
һûٽСߡ


 189 

ֱͣȥ
ûӺҲܲµΪѡݵյӦǣԽĲ۵ıȣǲˣȥֻº޲úѪ⣬һݱ¶ֻ±ڴҡԽڳڣһӦǲѡ
ȻҼŰֻǵҿĽٻʱ򣬲֪øлӣǸøп⵽ǳΡӺͺɫĽӴǣȻǷһУһ̽·һ
գ˴Ӿ׷˹
ȫӰ˵ױӳȻԼҽԼȫӰĻҵļױжǴҽӪʼһֱͬսˡ
һǹֻҽҽ󷽷һûг߷緶
ǣǰ˵ƺƵ򱱽

Ӻ͡šܴĲ̸ѩ£żǰ˵ҲֻҵˣӺұһӽ¥ܵϢ
СӺһ鲻Եʱ򣬾ȥ˰ٻ¥һֵôӺͱ㿪ʼϵεĵһ죬˱СȥԽոյõϢǰվѾƽ˱Խ
Ĳ˶ҵͨ󣬾ֵһƬзû˽Ӻ͸ңҳʩѹһߣⳣұǣۡ
Ц˵һΪʦΪĸѾһʱѧ˵ûϵѵʵۻţҪĻóһ壬񲻸ɾ
ҳԼҷ顣ʱԷ°ɣѰ߸׳ĻУһһ߷ڵأ˾֮ʱ߽鷿ȡһѱ̾һҲؼյһˡȻЯݳҴԺҲûлӺѰ䣬ڻûϢ

ģ͢׷Ҳˡ
ƺҲѵصľӢӫ塢Ʒרһʼʱ򣬻Ӧ
ȥ󣬾͸оѹԼӴϮ˼ԴԴϣӰ쵽ҹҹʵ֮ǰϲ¥ǿʼ
ֹһֱڵΧױòսӺͱƽͣ۾ȴ͸Žš

ӳӵڣҼûгһһа˾Ÿʱڻ˯żѹҲֻǳԵ㶫ߺҩ
֪Ӻ͹ǰʱʱ̸һЩϢתҵעϣʧĵͳһոձݺһȭˣûлͱ˲ͣĻšվĥֱҵӷζӺҶҪˡܲҰһᣬֻһ˴һᡣ
ʱʱӳ⴫ıͰҪйıڰŻԽԽ³ȥЩļһͳͳ죬õԶ
ܲܣܲܣҰ㣡
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ɱˣȻǵԼԶıȽϿ졣

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ƺûˣΧ˲٣ԼȥΧǾִЩ΢ηɫ
Ӻͳֽվߣմ˲Ѫҵ۾ȻǺЦȴһ˿ǡ
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Ӻ˴˺һᣬ̲ס£ֹ˵𣿡
ΪܶϢֻҵٶȻҪ졣һȺεĲӬѣοýʲôأ
Ų˵ĿӺͣӺͣҪɱǵˣбҪ𣿡
ӺҡͷַʽɱˣҪɻ£ԣǰɱ˵ʱԼΪζɱڣȴΪɱɱ
ҴĻӺ͡
Ӻ
ȥҵ
Ӻ΢΢һ죬Ǳϵ죬ĬĬ³

 ϳӺͻǵһΡ
ϣһƬңֱֱ֪˵ڣȻģ̲ס˵˳Ѿܵίˣ»ˡ
ǣĲԸ⻪±һɱԵˡ
һʱɡߺȻ˵
Ӻ;Ȼ̧ͷ˵ȫӰ
ԼʲôȫӰһЦǿŽӪȫ̵ˡɳǸܼĵԵĵطϲɱ˵ĻҲᵽڲű䡣֪ˡ
ȫӰ̧ͷԶıƣϵ˿ڻûüҪǧΪǰװ£Ѿܳˡ⼸׷ɱߵĹͷ۵ͷŭйҵҡ῿ӱʵ˺Լ
ӺעȫӰЦ˵û̫ļˡǻµĴƲסԼ¼ʹɱˣӦҲͬ赸һŸ߰ŶݵĽ࣬ӸµȫͿȨͬոԼĸ
ǻ̫ˣļһֱˡˣ²ʥˣˣҲǻʹġ


 190 

ȻӺ͵ָƢȴΣҪʱ̣ٳ֡
ų˯˯˳ԡһ·¥ϵϣˮȱÿһר˵ŽѾõĲȷʳһǷˣΪȣȫϲԵĲɫظġ̾¥ʺ͡ȴ֪ⶨ֪Ը˵ģǰһϵʱһҲڴ

ֹʮ죬ڿңң̲ǵ
ϴΣҺӺͻرԽαߵĵ˻ԼǸϷԡ
ϴϮѾˣ⡣һֵϮ㵽ˡ
Ӻ³Ҫָӣȴɫһ䣬һȡ
Ҵӳ￴Ӻ͵ı飬֪һ˶Ȼͨʵʲôˣ
ӺͲԾüͷ״ˡ

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Ҿ֮࣬⼸ǿƽķŭֳ
˳нĶעӣΪ׵ףŵľȻвˡд󲿷ϤףȻҵĵϵӣȴܽеĳÿ˵֡
׼ңĿҲתһת¶Ⱥοɫƺ˵ʲôȴ̾һͳһƾﳼػ½ּ
۾еĻƾһȦ޶ԵĿ
׼̬ȣ㽫ƾҵԼɡ
Һһ߲ʿʿңһ¶־ηĿ⡣δڣһʿͰͿڵؽңǱġǣּǣǡʵûа취ˡ
Һ۾תͷףЦЧҵĲ⣿͵ҵ£ҺлƹһеǵԴԽҿϲɱñӣȻҼڴн󳹵Ĩȥ߸򣬾ֻ־ܣ
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ҲһۣڷңȻôΪʲô䵽³ǲǣ£ͲǴ˵¡ܶ飬֪ǴģǺܶ˻ǻȥǴˣѣһ˴ء뷨˵ȥδԵ̫ˣһ˸⣺Ҿһ˷ų𣿡
ƺڼѵѡԣ˺һᣬŻС´ҵ˶Żˡ

ŻˣһĲĻŮϱԺӦǲˡԶ̣ѩӦ˰ɣĲûʳԡ

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ң˵Ƿӡ
΢΢һЦµҲǸ̯Ƶʱˡ
Ӻͣȡֽҡ
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ӹҵţ¶ŵı飺ҪϵǱ̨ʾǣǲܵ顣
ǳǳһЦֻ𴫻ͺáôĲ۵飡
ôһ˵ڱԼʱ뿪̬ȣҵ̬ǿӲҲϤƢ˷磬ֻðĵȴ̲סڶգһ⣬óеĽ¥վٶȷɽ
еҿʼһһԼˡ

Ĳ۶ƮƮֽȻϵĶ͵ɨϡ
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ĸʣʲôˣæ
Ĳ۳Լɡеҵı任ţ˼
ǣǰһֻֽĸ֣ƽĵʲô⣬ôͻô ¡֣ʲô˼ֽ˼飬Ȼɫ䣺ƽ¡ǡػؽ
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Ϊ÷ĹϵദûʲôѡУԷ̸ྴٰüǷǳϤ׽ˣ׷ֲ˼ǲ޵ĸҡ
ͣ۾һۣ΢΢һ£Ȼػ˵
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ԳЦЦĸܰôڵôһѾߵҪ̫ණ
ѾӦһ
⻰ʲô˼ѩ±ų硣
סѩץס·֣ӵͲһ㶼Ĵȥһʲô𣿡
ѩ˵ȴǺ죬ȴƿ۾ַſͬʱҲ˳֡
ӹһ˿ʧһȴڸǹȥ
ѩ¼粻˵תѾߵҲ׼á
羪Ҫʲô
ѩһȥ

ұȻرԽȴ˵Ͻǰûʸȥġ
ԤƵҪһ㣬Ĳ۶ϵ̲⡣
ֻԭտĹٵ͸ҰѾͣĲڻŮ̲ǵĹԱʹõļʱϢ
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Լҵ󣬼֮ĳڵػ£ԽԽˣһͨȻĸʾȻݣǲ֪
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ѩô
ѩ¼΢΢ǰһЩƺҿһЩ
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ĲȻˡðʦҪǰӦþһʽ֪ʦ飿
תѩ׷תѾȥɽҪʽƷƷһɿʼ
δ䣬ɳ۵
Ĳ۳ְš
۾жݣ壬кȻһǴʦʦˡ

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ʦƳǴһۣгδʣֻһһͼǰ赲Ǳһεľײʱˤöᡣ
˾һʱ̿ͣµģ֮˷
ҪΧȥֻĲһϺȣͳͳס֣
ǾƣлµĿͣȴҲò
ʦӺݡʦ㹭ⷽͣסߵߣйоص񣬹μš
𾪣֪šġ
ʦȻϰ߰ҵչˣǰȴִάҵݺȨұǲںЩ˿̶һȺƻˣҲΪмǣһ·ɻƽλʦˡɶ
ʦţԶ׼ãһеŷԸ
ҵͷ磬ʱʼʽ
ʦʦԿһۣ¶ǣȴίʽ𼫴Ͳչʮˣ˾ʽ˼С
ˡҺ۾Ѿˣ²ᡣʦһ°ɣ»Ҫ׼ʽ顣
Ĳ۱һֱ˵һ䣬Щ⣺ʽڰУʦ˼̾Уȴ֪ΰ쵽
ҵڴˣ޷

ֱҵĽϣʦǲתע
ȻһʼϳʦĲ۶˰Σ̾һԭȥɽѹһֱ鲻䡣¶ɫ֪ǲΪʦĵĻ䡣
ĲԳơҡëǡ
ʦֻһˡ
һֱվڻŮƽЩ΢㱣ߵ˶ʦǰȻЦΪⱲټˣû뵽˵һŶʦļһЦᶼˡ
ʦЦͬһ硣
ʦûôƽˡǴϳһһܵʦǰץסĸ첲㻹ţҾ֪ʣ
ʦ΢΢ЦⲻǺúõ𡣡
ӺȴվԶԶģüƵĴʦ㣬ָȴճȭͷšһ۴ӸոտʼһߵĴʦ㣬֪Ƿ֪ﻹһѪԵϵ˴ڡ
ӺͣҺܸʱ㹻侲Լ֪⣬ڿ˴𰸣


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ʽҪƷ£Ůʯ
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ңҲͷһŵ㣬ʱоڱ㣬Ƣоࡣ

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һ߿еľս
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΢΢һůֻأ䲻ԶȴΪִţ̤֮·ĸԸѡˣӦеۺΣС߲ڡ

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߻ھǴеֻǮΪԼ׷ɱĴ߹עһ̤Ϸ֮·
ұһһƹ»ֺ꣬εºܽ췭ظ

ˮ߷֮󽵵һʵ¶ȣҽԡͰ˴ӽŵͷˮУȵ嶼ˮ͸ˣ̧ͷ
ˮƮСͳе񣬲Ҫһ㣬װ׺һƬˮгҵͷ϶˲١ˮƮˮƺãҸоÿһëƺſˣˮ£켫һоҲƺﵽĻҳ۹һߡ
ʦµͷĿľͰڣԼ̫ˣҾȻ˯ˡ

ѹѾһʱ̫ƽ߲Զ
۾Լ˯һֻϣΧƥƷ˿Ƶһ˶ûС
һϵ̺ӻ䣬¶ȻѾõ£΢΢Ůʯҵߡ
ԼΪŮʯĴڣþûùȻŮʯϹÿһǿңӦ·һкĻһ
ǰѧҪʱʦԹһΣͬһϵؼ䵽ҵϡͨ˻ûʲôоɶʦȴǷǳǳһָоΪֻʦŶؼӦǶҪͬͨ˶Ҫһ֪ӯʦǶôһջ
һЦϣŽŲڵϣһ㱡ڽεҵĽŵײֲڵĵˡ˫չɫͬһ䵴ڣָͬƤľһεƣջŮʯѾҵĶ߷һתתȥâԽԽʢԽԽ貣𽥻谵ҹɫͬһյʯƣҵļͷסʣ䡭ͣĴε·˭׽Բء
ߵĶСʦȻ֪ˡʦͶʦ˽ҽһ㶣˵
ǴԼþûмʹ˰ɡʹɽϣѧϰ룬Ҳʹõġұȿڵʦ㣬ʦ㣬ǿɶ׼ˡ
ʦ齩Ӳ׼׼ʲôϵû˯ãֻȥ˯ǵžˣ
ʦ˴ʦһۣĬȻ
ǰһ´ʦ㣬ֱһ¶ʦ㣺ģҲµġٿǵɫ߳Χʡ


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ɫѰ̫Ѿƽ£ֻʣһĨߣ·峺ˮһʺѪƽһ˵ޡ
ҺȻСʱʦǣҵƣվɽϣϼɽԶĿɽҰ٣׷ݺᣬʦ˵Сߣ㿴ؼǶôС
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ʦһۣҵͷȻЦΪʲôһҪ˭أ
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ʦϸ룬ͷȻʼҵʹ죺˭ģССͣʲô
ʦѲڣʣƬգ̾͡һ˫ؿգʦ֪С߰ɡ
ţһ̧ͷһһͷѾȥ

ΪӨӨŮʯߣ˵ߺܿתƵϣһһʽĲֻ΢΢һתΪ
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ҺЦĿˣؽֻ£ʦߣʮŵһʮţʮɽػ֮λס
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Ĳһؽ۾˼Ѿǳˡнǰؽߣһʧǰ
ţ䲻⣬ΪŲݣˣŵ룬ȻáĲۿһڻŮеĳߵѩ£϶⻰϶ˣҼìȻ⿪ܷġŵжĲ۶Ȼ˽һοǰ֮ҵĸҲǹ˼ģȻеҲֵ
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ٲݣΨһѪһͬʿҪϡΪݶ´Υı⡣
̧ۿѩ·һۣ벢ңԶ˶Իһ˫īлᣬֻһ۾׵ķߺ޺ʹࡣ

ҹΪ˲ΥԲżݵ𣿻˿ѩ¶ҵĸ飿
Ȼһֱ׷ѩ£ȴҲ϶ǴζҵһˣһʸΪµӡӺ͵ȰѩµĽȨλƲϵʱҾΪĿܣǷˡһ˷ҪܵõΪһ˸ǸңΪػµǸңԸ
Ҹѩȥ˾ӪҴСŬսԮȱ°ߵѩµķУѡһɡΪһйͷŭҲΪƾԼʵıһܹʹңƽӡȻǲѩУ⻹
ˡ
ҷˡ

һ߸һңֵ߸İУ˾ȻòȫѩΪˣΪҵԺͽ
˭ȷģԼȻҲ˵
ЩѩҲӦ֪ҵˣ𣿺ȴѡ˳Ĭȴ㾡ȫ𵽵

һǧ꣬˼ۡһ٣غԡ


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̲ɳܴȻڽӽǹĵطЩľ֮࣬Ҳǰӡ
ϴʱ򣬾˵︽һƬĺˮ˵峿ʱ𵭵İɫɫĺˮ໥ӳţеξһ̲Ҳɴ˵
Ȼˣһξɡ

ϡŨɢ
ʶһʱǱߣһˡֻͬӺ밢ţѾڳʱţϾʽ˶ܲμӵġʹӺ밢šڿ϶ѾĲۺʦǰõطˡ
֪Ż᲻ַƢˣЦ롣Ľӿҽ̤ŨܵͬһεĽһȻʰ׶ϡҹպڵĺܴǺܶ࣬ȴ½ǺƵߣǺÿŮʯҵСһΧתͣתҶеˡ
ҵ룬Һûпָ֢ҪʱӰˤǶء
˾У̤šޡϰգնԶһȦ̲ǵϵʮֵͰ̣ΧвֲǷĵط

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ԽԽܼܼҲܲסڻһʼꡣܼ˿ȥо꣬˸ƴˮǴ֡
ڰĿƬغܿҲղˮʼˮȻγСˮ˼ӣٽСˮһƬ˴ˮֹһӴˮҲһƬˮˮˮҽµȺֻ׵ĵطҵѾţɢָֻһʹϴˢƺˡ

һͷˣϵջһƬմľСŮסԱߵĽ㣬¶ֺֺµı顣
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ĲǿеĲƽάĵϣҪĺˮ𣿡
ҵȻ

Ůʯ˳ҵķȥͨһף˲䷢Ĺ⣬ɲǼˮճɫȻĿУһ֦һֵĻƺɫĻѸٳ󡢱ɫͬһİɫſͨ͸ķ·𲻺һ˿ʡȫʢ󣬴ԼжʮһôͬʱҶϾһŵҶƬҲһ´򿪣СС߸ߵ͵ʹ¡
ΨһһȫʢҲ׷ˮΧһһ򿪻٣ÿһ仨ٴ򿪺󣬶¶һŰɫľʯʯΪˣŮʯʦɣÿʽӦͬ
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ҷҵĵһͷաһ֧֮սɲİģԭ峺ҲȾϵɺɫԵЩԶ£ߣҡ

ֻأתй켣ʦܸܶģȻˣкαҪʽأһ籩ٵԴͷֻܿһֻɿһ³򡣽˵Ĺ켣ǰʲôûиı䣬ʵѾƫʷĹ켣ıӱϿȫһʽ
Ȼ췣ֻǸĺʷĹ켣ԭƫС췣ĳ̶Ȳͬ
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ǰ˼ͳΣػߣʧŮƬͬ˼ڸ󣬵űΪڶŮ죬Ϊѡ˼̳ˣԺ󣬴ȷϼ̳ˡ
ɴˣǧδֹκδģսҡû֪һʦԼʹϻ᲻ٶȳκ˶ҲȥĶҡ

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ⱾһףһĽףҹǺʱԳ롣
Ѫϵʧ·һͷҰʳ˱ҵѪҺѪٶԽԽ죬ͬһšˮͷҺܿоһѣΣȻʱϵ˿˳˿ڷѿһѪĸģһһ䣬ɫƶһ˹ȥ
ߵҲоѸ̲ϣͼڸ˿ڣҵѪҺ᲻ʧѪ
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ԽԽ䣬վģȫλá˿ȴܵˮҹ˿˿⣬Щûзеģ˿ȴֱ˽ҵĹҲĴ˸¡
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ֻŶľˣ˱һڵˡӽŵϴܣҵ඼Ҫɱˣ࣬ںʴ£һһ鴤·һֻʹĴ࣬Ҹоʼѣǰһɴ
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֪з·ص˶ٴΣѾʵӽһǿҵĹâ͵𣬴ҹɫҼ۾
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 195 

΢΢ſڣƺе㲻̫ţܿʯУСĵ͵̧ͷҡ
ŻѪ˿ڣܣʯĵǳˡҲıˣֻҪĲڣֻٲһѪ¼
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ʯִŶʮŮصߣȻصġ
ҸоԼ󶼲ԼˣֻһԴתߵȻʶƣͻذߡ
һ뿪ĵľ޴˲ʧָǰڣŮʯӺзɻߡ
ڻŮ׷أ˳⣬£һƿĻŮ۾죬ǣŲ̫Ůǣ²ǣ²ǡ
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ʧȥйĿ꣬㽫Ŀתңһ˫۾ɣ˹ץסңٵģǼٵģ²š
þһ˿ӿԼȴʧȥƽ⡣ʱ˺ȻԱ߷ɿҷסůһӴƤ¶ȣɵõһСߣоô
Ǵʦ㡣ҷĵĵĻּȡϵ¶ȣٲȡůҪʯͷˡ
ʦϹȻ׼һȡֹѪҩҵ˿ϣȻñá
дʦ§ңһǾȫõֻǲϾιȥ
Ĳ˹˹ȥסĲ۵ȣĸʣĸʣػһƭӣŵšոЩһļ
ĲĿңȻγϲ˵һѷϻȻûƭˡ
ӷ񣺡ĸʣ˵ƫġ
ʱ綢Ҿһ㣬㡪
˵תƵϣ¶˼ı顣

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üͷһ׵˿ƻǰβȥҵͷ
ҽеͷǰþ˵
ʱ˾У˹£㡢ͷô£ôᣬô
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ſҵϵıǸʽôŪסҵ֣˫Ҵʵ¶ȣ̸оһ˿ɡ
Ĳҵʽһ֮ǸصĴ۲֪ܽʦ۰룬ҿ˵ţڳΨһһμӹˣȻ֪һ㡣
ٲ֧۶ʽϵġĵЦһ£ŴʦͰҡҡλεվ۾ѵ³֣Ĳۣˣ
Ĳɫһ̵Ρ̫ҽڶ࣬ҩķḻ
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Ĳ۱ʦһ£ʱɫÿȴҲ˵ʲôֻŴʦ뿪ȴֽסҵְš
Ŷȥ
һ̧ͷѾӽӲ֣Ҫ˵ʲôȴſҵ֣תͨһĲǰĸʣŲТѾⱲӸػ£ұ㵹
ĲǴһŭ֣֣ϲĸѵ֪Ϊô࣬Ϊĸһ鱨㵱ĸʲ֪ϲĸҲˡҪгȥҲҪֵֵãֻһᣬܵõʲôΪô࣬лرʲôһӣѵҪûûݹһӣŵţĸҲܴӦ˵űҪ
ŵߵͷȥ㿪Ĳ۵֣ŲںЩֻܸڣڡҲ뿪Ҳܽôĸʣ͵ûӰɡ˵һһߵڵϣ棬һͷͼ˺졣

ڴʦ㻳УŵĻȥģǰľѾģˣﻹˡ
ߴĲ۵Ƿŭεĺϰϰȥɣٲˣ
ڿ޵úġ
Һ밲οҲȰؼңûǰ;룬ֲĿڡҼʹ뿪ڣҲԴԽԽʶҲԽԽģˡ
ܸоʦҹʦҹҩҶңҵ֯һ𽥰

ڣڣ԰ȥԽˡ


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 196 

СҲ֪ҶİǺ˵Ļƣüë·ҹյҵԸ⡭
ҷһ͵סԴĽڵǼֲиĴӱҵıӣȻҵĶ䡣
޿̣޿̡
һƱӣ˼ϣ߳⡣Ȧʮ⣬߽ȥʵһֻýһķ˹ȥ
ֻصġžһ
һĲҽ˲𣬡
лľźġ㡪㡪㡪
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ȣ˷׷˹
ʲôˣ
ϵ˺󣬼¶Цõı飬ּվԱߣʱһ㶼Цˡ
ʱ򰢾Ҳ˹һϵŮ֪ʲô飬˵飬ʲô
Ůһţ۾ģţҵðˡһ˺٣ֻ֪ôϵ£ϣ
ЦֲЦֻǰŮ⿪סӵͷõɵܵˣŮҡҡλεվ
Ŭ죬ֵ˭ģһܵ˼ſ裬˵Ҫ㣬ҲҪ㣡
ŮϲûйϵҺǿ׳ġֻҪԸ⣬ôҶԣ
̲סЦ
תصԼ˯
ʵȥˡ

ԽѾˡ
ʦǺӺ͵˽ݺ͵ʱѾǻ˯ʱѵʱ򡣵ҵ״תƵݸĳкԽ̫Զķأȫб֤
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źӦˡ
һ󣬴ʦʦȥˡ

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ںס˼ºҺȻȤȥ˸к˼ʮֻСͼƥӺ͡šСӫıϼһȽϴĲ飬һǨ
ͬ԰һӺڲӶ˼ֽڿ˴ǵճһСġָ£ǵֻһҲӵʮƥͬĽѣСΪͯСϲ˵ȴǵĲС
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Լ˯һʱұϳѣڰԱߣֶȵ̺ķǰԱߣĽһĺһ̺ȹ⣬Ȼʰȥ
˵̵ζӦҿʼÿκȶҪűӣŶ˺üΡôʱϰˡ
ֿ쿿ŰĴ˯ˣֽˣĶŽеҪ˯ˣȥҡӡ
ʵһֻźϲǸһ֡ҺȻոձ߷ɵֻƺǴӣɵñڨڨһᣬ˵Լˡ
ŲŲҽƱ磬ƹϣʼҵͷһѺľСϸ´ǲ·Смϻġ
Һ۾ϸϸݣһһ£ҵķᵽβŵֺᣬͷڲһ仨Сģ·һҪ飬ҲʹҵͷȽҵͷ˳ˣᰴĦͷϣģļѨλ

һѪŵģôĦ˷ɾ񣬻ƣ͡Ȼһ˲ƣ룬һ˵ͦűÿθͷҰһᡣ
ŵָϸƤҲܺãСеȺϸĴҺܡ֪ģҸоԽԽҶԸϢˡŵǴһɵĻ㣬˵ʲôǺܶ໨һζҸоܷܰɡɻȴǸŨˡ
һסŷҼͷ֣΢΢תϰŵ۾Ҳ̧֣ͣһ˫۾ӱܵҶӣĺڵ۵һâ·ջʲô峿԰ȻһոտŵĴ¶ĺõ壬ǰûһ˿ɬ󷽣ξߢ
񣬷ſ֡
žĬһᣬȻĦ
찴ĦʱҪһЩ


 197 

һƬïĲݵҵˡ
һҾˣŻڼǺһšһ׷һߺͣһһڲԭ׷ȥݸ˿ط
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˱ɫǳʲô򰢾Ǳȥһӿڴǰ㿪͵ײϣͷתĵһߡ
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˵תͷķһۣЩǣʲô㣿
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Сģа취

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꣬ȥûãȴƺײʲôˣŭʲô
һŮţҪҪһȥԣ
ƺܲãͷȥҪȥԼȥ
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һ£˵ʲôʲôҼˣ
Цá
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ҴûָԼ뱱Խܹܲ¼ɣѴֵ췭ظô⣿
ϵҵ߲ٵԽյˣֻԶԶĿйоأұ㵱ûЩСȴǲӶ
ŮȻεĺܺãӹҵ۾Ѷȡ
ȴһ㶼ܶ԰ŹʲôвԭǴ鱨ƿߣǱݵСֶλ 
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Ψһĵľҵ̫ܣ᲻鷳ˣȨСյĳֳаٹٶĲŸոսҲû˿ܶҪ鶼ڴȨҲһСôͬͬĸĽãСΪԼʾҪ£ͬʱҲȷʵΪпÿ֮ޡ
ǰʱյٻ¥ϢĻſڵļƺ˲٣ӦҸʱ̸̸ˣ


 198 

գǲԭһʢĽաڡգ̤ڣɵİٻûʲô𣬶ŮǵʢᣬһʮҡһϣŮ飬߸˿߸ҫԭŮ飬׷ŮҲѰȳɵķףԺΪ

Ҳ֪Сʹʲô򣬾Ȼò峤ӦСμӱаֻ̾ҪҪһƽˡȻ㲻ϸ֣ӦһĺѾǴ´ˣֻģھҲ֣ʱŮұһʮһСкܣֻյĺܡ
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ΪСĲμӣĵҪÿ쵽ȥ͡
ʼȥĺܲԸ˵СҪ飬ʦĲӡǵֳȻĳ棬ĺҺȤ²ĿСһ·ԤһһǼϲҫӣȻ仹СѾʮкӣϵĸֻʽǱȾ䡢䡢ԣ˲֣Ͷ㶼Ƿ绪ҫۣӢˬһΧŮ۾
վȺ⣬˵۾Сǿˢ˧ĶǲͬŮ۾ֱֱĵƲһЩ궼̲סһûһ۵͵
ҺȻһжɵĳɾ͸оԭСĸоָԾЦʵָо治

ߣһֻϵ壬ڴЦȻ˵أڿı˭ľһȱ¡
һڼҲţҲ
͵͵Ц
ŰŵĳЦ񣬺һȻͷմһƬҶӣʲôʱ紵ȥҡҡͷȻȥ飬ֲĺڷȻоֶͷΧϤɵ΢΢һ¡
һĶһĳֻǶ˻һ
һ˫һ¶Ĺ⣬ץסͣڰе֣Լšġµģоʶץˣ·ץˣԼҲܹܵġůĴУůźȻ˹˫ֱסңҸо崫嵭Ļ㣬ɫĳɫĳ°ȴѹҵļϣҼԸܵĺɣ
ץŵ֣΢΢һֱŬ
Ҳ뿪ġֵ͵͵˵һһֱߣ㣬Ϊͷһ˵羰ֻҪϲȥʲôԡһһֱһֱһֱߡ

֪һֱǷࡣ
һֱװϲңҲûιһ㡪һʼǡʱһĶѩϣû˼ȥָ飬Ϊ˱Լ벻Ҫĸ鷳ǱʶѰְഺڵһʱ
鷢չΪǵ֣Ҳҵĵ֡ûзûȴҲûǿнѩ֮䣬ûоҲûȡ֡ѡ˵ȴ֪ʱ䳤ȣҲ֪ûнĵȴ
ڻôΣѩµܶûбܻ鰢ţ᲻һĥ˺
ö˵ž͸ɴľܾ
Ķ˵ֻҴûı󣬰ųѹʹأ
ʹҪŬң˫ӵңů
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һ㣬ѩ£
һֻڷ籩а賤յĲӥȴҵɼĸӡɵ
ץŰŵ֣һůȴֽ
ҵŰŵĺڷӴۣ·ھһЩѾ飬Ѿ޷ء
ڵһʸԻӦ
ڵһʸõҸ
Уƾʲô󰢾һҸأ
ҺȻ⵽㡣

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ſŵ֣ȥʲôˣ
ôһ˲ʧָֺܿҿһʹװʲôûзһȥֻĹĵվ￴һӵŮһһкģǰļӼյޱȾ׼
С׼ͷãɱϾŮӣһӵĹЩˡ
Χ۵˵У֪ŮǸոͻȻģһϳȡʤ֣һֱڵܾŶС΢һŮӣһܴñȥһ룬ףĿ䵽ϵĽϣȻЦ˳
Сʤ˱ҳ¡Ȼˣˡ´Ӯˡ
Сǲҵǵһ䡣Ȼѹ黹һСߵߡ
˶֪СʦڶС𾴣ҶҺܿ
Դһ⸱Уɱʦ㿴˵䲻أ
С˦ҵ֣˵Ҳû䲻أ
ЦǺãǾͰѹھ뵽ҳԷɣ
СͷŮһۣҲŲҪԷ
ŮӹһЦİñһժôˣСʦԶٷôԸ
СʱˣȻ󻶺һܹȥʦ㣬㰡
ЦݣȻҡתһȦıӣң˭
˵ţ˹һ۾ҵͷϣĿһ
ҷ飬΢ЦþòϲˡǼĽϲ
ǰѽ鷿һֱŵǰѡ
仯ȷʵܴ󣬸Ӹ˲٣ȥŮɬŮת䣬ȥͦȻûпϣɴḷ́ŲأòҲܿĽǳ
аٻ¥˼书Ĳӣѡ˼ʺɱֺͷҵĹӦҲһСռĹȥ
СҵĻԭʦ֪ˣϹ
ЦſԿı
˵һӣұôҪԽ·;ôԶʲôأ


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Цһ£ƺúѿڡ
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ҲЩˣʮ꿼ǻҲ̫硣οɼҵȳɼҺҵкβã
ЩŤĿңô˵޳ҳˣ
Щǲǵ˻ǰ־֢ȰοʵˣܹΪǺܺõ顣ʱִ̫šҵһԵ²ף֮أ
ŻһᣬȻһۡ뵽ѩµ飬ɫͷ˼һᣬȻЩ仯̧ͷ˵ĲûеֻǣǸҲûмֻ֪ǵģµġ˵˵ţ֪ôСһۣЩԥ
ļҵĹأ𣿡ҲһСһ͵Ц˿ûвԼʦ۹ĹŹ֡
ǣǴ̼ҵһλӡ˵Ҳ֪ģ֪΢΢üͷ˵Ȼӣȴǳҵͷԣͬʱڽ¥൱ĵλϴ̵ݹϵǸѡ

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Ҫ֪޸飿ҿʼ鸸ƾ۹е֪ݺͷԿȥĿǰʺѡץס͵ץס˽¥ĹǡƾȻǶԴ֮Ĺϵôһ봺ݹϵ̵ǹڳҵλѡ
ҵͽܣҶƷԡ顢ܶһģ֪Եߵһ𣬵Ҳûʲôá
ֻǣ뿪һҹѰ֪⼸֪꣬ľǷѾЩͬһ׮ҵҾΪ֪㹻ģ֪Ը⣬Ȼǲϣȼˣʹҵĵӡһ棬ֵ֪ΪһλҵĸԼഺҸȥʮìܣһʱҲ˵ʲô
鱨֪ģû͸¶ⷽϢҲ޴ж̬ȡˣȻ֪ˣȥʰɡ

Ȳ˵ˡҵ飺飬л㡣ھӪ״Σ
뿪󣬰žǴش鱨еȨ׷ͷԵɴࡣʹĲϲĶӣԲ鱨ƿߴ鱨һԼûøеŮܵȥŷǿһ޷һǱԼٻΪĸױԼ⡣
ӪΪҵ鱨֯Ľ¥ԲϢ򣬾ֻƾٻ¥ˡʹ˾裬ȻشңӪмŵ̽С
ʣ۾ܺðѾٽˡµ˲٣ǿɶǶҷĺܡݽ¬ȫսҲ١˵һ˿⣬һڵĴӪɲһ˵㣡
翴ھϵ֣ȻҲѧϰ̵ʮơӱԼں־³ʶͼɽֻû뵽ô̵ʱ̶ȡ
鱾ĲŻҵӵݣþеʿȻҵĴˡǰһʣ÷Ϲսʿж˶Ҳӣʱӳҵľ𽥲ʹһѩ̫ŮҲƺûʲôĿǰܹһʣһףΪѸ𣬲ܴﵽҷͥԿľ棬ƺҲӦֵľ档
΢΢ˣȴǲʹھҲĻڣ»СģսأС
ͷӦѾ࣬ḴǰḡҿУЩۣϾԼĵӡʲôû


 200 

ϣǰһûһ۵ķһףȴڲԾĻľơ

ǰʽͱʽΪ̫Ůǰģȴһֱѹδĳ»һһ¶޹١Ǳ硭ڵ˴ֵ֧ĳڳ͢ͷأ˱չְ˸ϻ磬˱ְǨϾкμҺͻʴ֮Ӯ˵֧֣οȵʱҴѹԱΪʷûǰ;ĹԱǴڡ
Ϊվһ˵Ĳȴķ粻ĿųڳһȷѪꡣζǲпģվ˶飬Ĵ۾ԼȫҡȫҲĲ۵̫Ů¹ϬݾĻ̻ʱֶĲȴδһʣ󣬴˾ͱۿ䡰¶ԣɵáȻһȥ̫ءְȴ˸ϳ˳ġ֮󣬻Ҵ桱ڳйԱҲŪĲ۵˼Ҫε̫ŮĻˡ
̫ŮһʱͥУڵģĵģڵġﲻʼȫһ浹ĺ˴ﵽǰûй¸ߣڳеĵλȹʯڿԿʼڳа͹Լ飬סƽ۾֮ﱻȥ˴󽫾ְ֮ȻΪѩ³̫Ůȥ𣬵ǹٸԭְȻѾܣԽһнסҲ˳ڵĴ󽫾
ȵڰѸ鶼Ĳˣһ飬ҲһֱеǼɵҲͰǰʽ֮һֱǰ̫ŮԾĲּ֮λ֮
ˣĳڰ

ߣҿĵƹ⣬߻ʱʱһۡż̧ͷĿ⣬ȻһЦ۲ۻǿʲʣһ
ڵİűǰȥ࣬һЩˣȥɬë꣬ԵĸӳܻǺܻáΪԵȴڲ֪ԽǿͶķ±̲סüפ㡣
Ǵ˿ͷµİӰҲҿһһ˵з
Ҫϣȴҧͷ߰ϵ·˶ҵ¿
һæվԼ飬ðŰ·ϣڣϵôӣһ˫Ūϰ¡ȴҹʾĲͷееˣһĳߴǶԵİ
ֱĿңǲ͵͵ѷ˵ûԣˣ
ҼûУҶˣ
Ųţ𣿡ɵĿһۣ·쿪ʼҪӷ˵ŵһۣ·ȥˡ
һ뵽ҪӲˣЩͷʹ

Ȼ죬ҹķ绹еϵ̺ӣ˯ԺȴнŲߵʱ򻹸ˣȴԶˡ
Щɻ󣬰ҹ˯ʲôأ
ץһ£ĸȥ
һֱȦͣ΢΢һ˾顣
ż鲢δ·¶ֵɫȻԼá
ֽԼ棬ʲô飿ƺЩãʲôܵʦ˵𣿡
Цһ£ұҲԸ飬ֻѾӦ˾˾ˣ֮ǰ֪飬еס
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΢΢һ㶣ϣʲôҪҵģ
̾һҴʵרΪ¶ϲΣҩʯЧϣڡһ档ĹϵֱּӻأҲҲǵ㲻ϻԾ˾˱˵
һʧĸôᣬһֱǺúõİ
˾˵ϵһǰ㿪ʼֻһֱţѾص𴲡ʳѵĵز̫ҽǵĽ۲ֹۡ
żеʵ̫ҽ˵ʲôûУ
ҡͷҲΪڰǰͽһ½̫ŮԼڹڵʲôһûж⹫ھԱ֪ϲΣ
ŵͷ˺ð죬ųɵĸûУ𣿡
΢΢Ц֪в롣ǵĻϼٲƭȥ⻹ΣĵĿɣ
ĬȻ
ϢȻ˷ĻǴĳɫ࣬ҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ϢûдΣİȫǾԲŹģ
ɫȻѿֻҧ˵
ҲӦԼĻڰж𶯣Ҳ죬ֻԼȻ

ҾվԶӰУŰŵķӦ
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ǵڶμſޡ
Ҳܻȥһõ¶ᶨ飬ҲðգҲ뻪ΪѡһȥˣָԴأҼĸʣ߻̲ס¾ָȡ᣿ǴӦңǾܾңҲ
˵űȥỹ˳
վûֻ㲻𣿡
ֻʵСҾĸ۰ĶӣʹʹҺΥĸʣĸҲûйֹҡô᲻ǣ»Ҫҡһֱûȫһη꣬ȫʹ´θһֱãԶٶ⣬΢עҲڣһֲϺúóҩȻԼãȴϲԼһ˹ʱ˯ʱ򷢴û˵ϳȥ϶ԼģС
Żҵ˵˵ȥһ٣УҺò׸ողûע⵽ңòһϲòĿʼһҡҲΨһĻᣬҲŬһҲ֪᲻һѩߵʱһֱûлᡪлˣҾԲܷԲܡ飬˵ʲô͵ʲôûʲôҲ֪ʲôҲ
תĿˣҾͺ£һתͲСİŪˡ

ҹķģ̧ͷϵһˮʮ
źʱ򣬼ңһɫ¶ŵı顣
żеĽ͵£ҡȴֲ֪˵ͣ
ȥ˯ɣ˵˽ȥԼϣ۾
ҲŻŻ飬ֻԼҲһƬң֪˵ʲôá

ڶ죬ӺͱӺˣٶȻҪ鱨Ϣ
ӺͰϢ˵󣬼ǶûʲôӳɻĪǶѾ֪ˣ˵ŰĿ䵽ϣȻЦԭˡ
Сһ߲Ӻʹ¹ߣһһûһ۵ǣһո峤˵ҪʦȻȥμӰ佱ء
鱾ΪҵһֱͷڡСĻ󣬱תƵעҲأҲý
С峤ȥǾӦˡߣǱҵĽƷأ
СˣֺõܽƷʲô͸㣬ðɣ
СŤͷȥ˭ϡ
æ͵Ҹ
СϼŪ¹ߣȴǿĵ

ϵ֡
ŮŮٶķƯ
СѵôһҺ̵кʽӣͷֻ٣׺ͬɫСӣһСȥ鶯ɰǰĽͯȻûΪ׼ʲôҲС˩һɫ޵һΧŻŮָָ㣬˵˵ЦЦ
ĽƷһƥϵȵĿСФ˺ܾõģڽȻǸ˵ĺܡ֮£СҲԼΪڶĽƷһѾƵ䵶飬˵ǲ
ҿС޲µһвɵ룬ȵСٴһ㣬ܼ޸ҲǲȻ뵽ǰ˵飬ԽľҪץʱˣȻҪŪǰӵ⣬ҵԧ׿ɲá
Ӻڶ棬һһҸһ꣬Լ֪Ӻ͵һָһ򶼺ܸߣɴǱԽºŵӣȴ֪ȻֵҷԴӣȴָôпأţӺ߿һۣȻ¶һҪмܲס

Ȼһֱһ͸裬۾ȴʱʱʾЩĲɵԭȴ֪ôڰοشĸʣҸô죿
Ҹûȥ
лԹ
ԹޣԹ˭

ʱһ䣬ӻҲŮŮ赸Ȧӡ
һַ׷ɢһŮ΢Ц˵עӺЦ򰢾ţԼͷȡݵǰĿ
űͻ˸ֲʶ˿ңȻŮ¶ǸЦݣлл㣬Ѿˡ
ڱԽУŮԼͷʾһϵĴͳڲ꣬Ҳ˵һ㡣
˶¶źı飬ŮȴûнͷջأֻЦݣ˭
ҧû˵
ŮӽĿת򰢾ߵңĿһ𣿡˵´ңȻЦһͷͷô£Īǵʲôֲϰ𣿳˳ɡ


 202 

һڵĻ·һȭһ㣬Ҽ޴áʶսˣоԼƶ԰׵ȱݱ¶չ֮£Դȴȫ޲ߡ
ΧһӾ˵Ŀⶼһͷ׷ϣ۹ⶼУޱȡŻֵ̿ĿһۣŭĵŮӣʾ뿪ŮӼҲԲԼΪʾˣбһۣȻһȳϵĿŰš
۾һȥ
İȴˣŮŭҹԶ㣡ٿ㣡󼸸̶ִָ˶Ϊ֮ķŭͳĺ⡣
ŮӱŵļҷӦŵ˺һŷӦѿޱȵѵ˵ĸӲϣԼǿ׳ܽӲŻҸ֣ѵϲһһ𣿡
źһȥҪ˭һȥԼ飡ģ˵űҪ
ƺҲŭˣߣ㵹˵ͷĵˣǸɣ
־ŭſң
ҸоԣתȴŮŤסŵ֣¶⣬㵹˵˵ĵҺãô˭Ҹ
ͷֱӣһ㶼ãһÿһҶҸģ·˵ؼһһôֱ׳ôȻӳĺ⣬·ʵһӹ棬ҵҰｵһƬ޵ķϼ

ֻʲôʹԼĿڣĳطһһ޲һһı·ůʮָ˳Ѫ죬šҵıѪҺͬѩ˴죬ʼܽ⣬ˮ鶯
һ־Υ˵ĸоֻصͷÿһ񾭵ÿһͷоҸֿ֣Υˡ
ηȥ׷ԼҸ·ǣϧȴ˵ĽС΢ģٿһۣ¸оҸѾֿɵãȴȥõûС
ڣһ˵ڣһǸоԼѪҺˣ̲סĲ޴ҸҸǰͬɳĮ˿ˮԴͬزū˽ɽջս˷˳˼Ľ룬ߵǾ̲סҪȥӵǾҪȥȾָҪõĿܹ𡪡ܹ𣿸谢ҸҲԼҸ
죬ٸһλٸһοԻҸĻɣΪҽܱػܵ˺ΪҵǣΪҿۻҶվߣۿ֣Ҷһʸ־ģ
Ǹܲջˡ

ŮӱĻػҵĻļ˵ɵ۾ǰͷ˵˵ţžŵİҪǿдߡ
ûԥûжܣҸоһз·𶼿ҵС½ŲȾӰβգ۱ŮӺͰߣŮ¶ȵĿ⣬һֲָһɣű̳˻ߡҽס֣ûˣ۲ۣ
ҡҡͷû£ǵܰôˣ
ŮӱûһָôĪ֣ŵ䣬ּ֣ʱֶŭûеһ˭ʸͰһ𣡣
ΧŮŮ㿪ʼ塣
ԭΪĽԣȶٲ˵ģʿӮ˵ǧŲ䶨ɡսͽս˲Żᱻԭܡ
ϧҺͰŶǲԭϳˡ
ŰߣŮӼұܶսܻǣҵС⵨ܱȶûУȥǲ
ҵ֣һЦܺӣ߰ɣ㲻Ķ֣
Ե˲Уûκ˱ȶʹżṦҲûʲô˵ĵطԲ֪һṦ˺١ʵϼʹӺСù
ŮӼŲȡһ䵶վǰóһ
ҶֻûʲôвСǹûʲôȤһۻ²أȻܲǵĳѡһ𰢾ţԾͷɳȺǵԱߡ
ҷȻţЦúֵۣݸңϺһܿˡҹתһȦһȺĿɿڴˣȻܺãܿˡ

˲֪ԶһСɽͣ
ҽűԼһ߿в١վߣǣҵ֣Ų¹£ԵԽҶŰŵһᣬĵϸƤԽԽ᲻÷֡
ҲûмƤӣȻЩ˼Ȼûа˦ֻǲͷ˵ڷ¶׵ĶջߣƤڻްĹ£ɢ˵ջ󣬿ŲЩڸɡ
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۾ˣĿңüë΢΢£ƺЦǻûȥȴһ룬۾ͺˢˢʵ¹£ˮͬһε͸ˮ˳ջ
Ҳֻվһ˫۾ң˺һᣬų鶯±ӣǻĹüëҲ¹һ֦¶һ޵ɫĻ£ȽȽſ꣬չҶӣĵһЦȻ𣬱һֵ
ҾǸվڻµˣ¹£ڻ֦£ĸͬһ̶ˮһİȴ壬ȴް
һ˿ھΣȴָܿоĨȥ֪ϣõҵİϧͬ顣ȻʱеֱҲȫľ͸Ҳֻһ걸ĸõĵȴغ
ãáһ߲һ͵ĵͷҴӦԸ⣬ҡֱе״ΣԼЩ˼Ϊϵ΢ЦڳŪ˵ͣ˳ӣŭЦң㣬ͻȻϮһ׼ûУ
סЦǰȥߵ᣺ˣСһ
ҲûСһߺߺߵ˵һŬ˾ֻǻ˵ţ۾һңȴ̲סûίһӱ̲ס˹ңҵĸ첲ҵ仰˺þˣ˺þˣþˡ֪֪֪֪֪֪һҧҵֱϣݲýҧһʹоҵѪ

һֱڵ㣬㾿֪֪
֪
һֱ֪ġ

Ѿ밢ų׺شӣһǰѻڱԽСΪû̫ิӵ£ûһ߰ż˻ε˻򾰡ңڱԽһ꣬ǻصû֣ǻʼҲ˵ʲôƽҲ߶һ˽ȻʲôϵûУôðű˵л
ڻشӵԭ㣬һǰҪشĸʣΪӺʹϢеȨմ˼Ȼ뿪ԽʱɵԽȴ޲ȫԸֵ֮޲֮ЧԽ۽еԽԽࡣӺ͸ңÿֻ˯ʱͲѾǶ֣ʱæһֻһʱУһȦɫҲܲã˵׼ʲôʱͻ۲
ǽҲˣƹԽ࣬ȨԽȴǽڸεĻϡԽ۴ԽסĻ϶ǴӽемӵĿһֱֻ಻١һ棬Խ࣬鷳ҲԽ࣬յļŮֲڸصԽ۵ĳ購ĸʱʱδɱǽ굽ڣ⵽ĴɱͲ¶ʮΡʹڳУٳִ֪е˶ȥ˺ǣȴֻ
ҲԽȨȶ󣬳Ҳˣ¶ˣ𽥱µȨȡ³ǸʱԽۻᱣҿδء
ֻܵԽ۸Ӳ¼뿪ĺá۶˵Լ˵

Ӻ֪ͨμ밢ŵĻһΪ뿪ǰټһΣҲһ£ʵڸһԼĹ⻪ܳáֻЩ⼸˵ܷãȫָˡ
ԼܸԽʱ밢ųɻ飬ûûС˵͸óˣ
ҺͰŶӼ򣬵ǱҪеĶҪУȫµ񣬱죬µϲٲ˵ϲ硣еҵĻ칤
ҺͰȴ˦ʲôܣǣй䣬Ի顣
鷭һۣԾĵû
Ӻͳ˳칤ϵٻ¥¥ʼ߻һش·ߺ߲⡣ȻڱԽĿǰûбôһش·Ͼһƽ˾͵һЩܱ鷳

ʵҺʦҲμҵĻ񡣵Ϊ·;̫Զֲֳʲô䶯ֻ˴Żɽֻ˵ĺܼ򵥣ֻ˵Ҫˣ׺ŻؾǶơŻϰһǡҽ̵ģǵϲˡ
ӵʦǵĻʱѾڻش·ˡг˹ϲ밢֮⣬ǸŵģһСɵ֬ͷοգǷͼһļٻ˿֯͵ġһ˿۹𣬻мСڻʹ챦İŶһ˵Żöһſʱĸһҿһۣ͸ϿѺӹغá
Һʣʲô
õĶòϡ˵ŸϿѺպá
ʲô⣿ƣҼװӣȥæһѡǷҪֻӣҪ棬ֽһϡ
ŵͷһӾˣͷ㿴ˡ
Ұס֣𶯣ܺÿ˸ãְһѹϣааЦ
Ÿոջָһɫֺˣʲôأ
ҺٺٵЦʲôҵѨ˵־ؿˡ
Ťһ£Ҳʵ֣СյˣϻûֹǷţȴʼе㴭һ֣ѹסģǽġ
۾ֱ͵棬ĵĺܡҳûֻҪĺӣһ򿪣ȴһֻСƿӣдšɫڡĸ֡ҶʱЩˣͳϱЧҵҲֻɫˣʦ͵ĵȻǶûиõ
һֻƿӣƼҵĶЦʱˣҪҰȥӣţھ԰ɣ
̲סең


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Ϊڿˣһ˾ӪҺͰֱӻشǣȻİó̵Уǰ̽ĸУҲùг̡
ʹڲòͣЪҹĳлСһǴŰŵصмͽֵˣʤޡ
ҿһյ߲ɫĹƣʰźÿÿ
ŵͷȻֵûĵƺÿ˵Цҡ

˵ĵڻϷŷɵľʮյֽĿơΪʱִ٣ĺܼ򵥣ΪֲһУұӺͺֽɾʮֻƣϺֽǻеĵͬʱŷɡ
ɫҹɫƣͷʮյɴεΪ׳ۣնضһҹ䶼ˡ
ҿĳıȻаðһĻ񣬵ȵǶˣʱ񣬱һʱĲƸ

𰢾ŵ֣ȵǳһ꣬ٷһأһյԺһһյһֱŵǶˡòã
ſסҵָͷ˵ģڣ
ȻȻڣ
ӣЦģ۾ӶԷƿ
ֻ򣬴Լе㲻ͷСҪȻؼȥ⣡
ͷʵƶǮ
һƿɲһĵƣЩˣһǧۡ
Ҫ˵ȴü˵ô󰡣ǿûôӡȻҳ˵꣬͵ۿһۻأԵĵ
ЦЩʲôֵĶ˵Щ
ŷ޷޵ڵԼͰɣĳͷĬҪҲĿ˴Ƥӵʧ
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ҡͷһûϵ֪ˡҲɵʧЦ˳

صջʱѾˣֻСǷд˯ſ˯㡣ҿǸƣҪ˯һҹֻҪҡҡͷǰȥԼ䣬ûСƺǸӦ߽۾һң˿⣬˵ʦôڲŻ
Цôȥ˯ʲô
СһƲʦΪϲǰӺأ
ʵʲô飿
С˵ȴţС𣿡
İһص˭
ƺһϲ˼ֵС㣬Ҽ뿪ǰ̸䣬Ƽݼ
΢΢üͷ

ȻûָҾһ·ͨĻصٵһǲôˡ
ûϻػֵӺܼҲҼءС㣬Ϊβȥȥأ
üëܺãӺвˡ
صĿһۣҰ˰ֱġȻţģŮվſڣæЦС㣬ˡ
ƤЦⲻЦȻҼҹܼҲҲȥո֡
һͷȻСʧġ

ȥʱӺһŮ˵ұߵҪŮҡͷ˻ӺûпһĻɫ糣ߵվ
ŮҲˣһȥ΢΢˲ӣպۼĶ˹ȥԽۺα˴񣬽лôܵ𣡡
˵Ŀȴ˿˿⡣ƾΪӺвҵ˼Ѿҡ˵ǰֻᷳȴҪˡ
֪˷ͻбҪ뿪Խ֪ټһ棬ֻ޻ᡣֱһ˫Щֵ۾ɨң¶ɫϴμĺôЦһֱΪΩͼо֮ͽ֪˴ţնȻʱҪԽÿ̻壡
ǿǽҲҵ
ЦԽˡԽ˲żüãڼЩСȴҲ̸ʲôšĲ˵ܱ֮ڻ֮ϡԽ֮ض
̾һǰȻҲЩǳ徢㣬̫ƣǵġƿشָ֣㣬ضܹȫ
ƿش֣ʵʲô
հգ⵽һ̽أҸʲôˣѵвףƫҪһ׾ӵϷҪϡ
뵽һ鶼ûˣԽȥʲôתĽںʹǣֻԽ۵ʶ̧ٻˡֻǻ±Ǵˣ˷ɻؼ̽ס߾ҪӴԽ۱ҲʲôĻᡣһԽءһ˵겻ϵĻᡣȻתӺ뿪
нʵƺֹˡ

ص䣬СһǱվô
ûлشߵߣƿŰֽĵ񻨴һȦһȦŻѵıԽٱջΧ˸ʵ


 205 

ҲɵľúЦĲ۷ڸ׷ɱҹڳʹƵ½ץס˾ס޷ǿڰӣС׿ָۣ˰ס
ס⣬ָţҪشǸߵȥǵ͵Щأ
ƺԴݱ¶Ѿνߵ͵ˡţӺʵ֪ͨӫʱҪ֣죬һԾԾԵҵСͽСɡ

Ѿϵس·ϲ̫ƽ׼Ȼǲɲ
Ӻ׼ͬʱŵľǻسĸ׼ˡ¥Ѿ;ܾ·߼ƻã׼;Ӵٻ¥;бӫһֱӺͱϵ
»ܽǡôˡ¥ٻ¥ͶóԷˡֻҪϣ뿪ĻȻҲ
ȴôȻϳӺرԽˣҵĹϵȻͷһ̣ûֵʱҵ̬ԽǿӲվԽҶ
˿֮£ұС֡

Сˡ
İһЩŽĴӣ򿪴һԾ䵽ߵһôϣ˫֦£ڣһһȺ󱿵ߣ
ԽСۼӹ֣׼Сķѩļͷڻѵӳ·Ĺ⡣ӭһʮһкԽ¶Ŀ⡣
СһЦаη塣ṦǼãڰһתһҲԳͣ˫صǰÿָмһҩСĺɫС۾һ̧˶ദȥСգ۱ԽУ÷ҵıըըҵˣͬһֻεľֽըܰ뾶߰ڵĶƷ˺顪ˡǡ
׼ҵĶ仹Ǳ΢΢Щ飬ջĵذŨҵĻζڿĴٿ䴦̹̱Ϻ˵ѪԽеĻȱ첲ȣǲҲѶһˡ
СڱԽô˵ըҰǣըˣѾϰֳ棬ɫ糣ֻЦһתɵջϡ䲻֪ݶʲôȴܿߴطȺַҵıըһεıըʱ֡

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һǽСΪСʱˣȨѡǷʹͬʱҲϲũѧȰûҰġȷУҩӦõЧá־ɳѪçʺϵĽж
СԸⲻԸ⣬һսֽƽ

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ҵĿ⣬Խ˳ɡʹЩõڱըĿ϶ûܶ˵ģҲͻıըըɣʧȥսһֵֻ֪İţŲ·ܡ
صĲ֫ϱۣãҾȻֻǾЩ̾Ǿ̫սɱǱľˡ̾˿ѪرϾʲôĿķ羰ҽϣִһʣѵСҫһƻһǵ澡ٳȥֹɡ

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Ʒո²ҶоȲ˱ȥлСôڣܲһʱεİѿջҲըˣǿɶء

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СԽ¼ʿСϷеָָԱߵһͲҶ˲㣬ζ೤ǲмƷҪҪԣ
մ˿˼Ʒ裬һţ̩ȻŷԼʧ̬ˡ˶٣飬ղԾĿһ۽յĴܹŴζѪζţɼոյıըӰж
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Ȼ̲ôͲûȤ ȷʵǸʶʱˣתδ̫죬ܾô̡
ļδرǵ˸򶨣˿̾ȻȴֵóвĵһۣǰˣʱԤҪá

СԼҲըòˡҼ¥߹Ҫһ˴ʱСĿͬ˹һŲȻͣ۾߹ߵҲһְ߶Ƚ䱸עӵСһһ
СббռһۣԼǾúЦߵſڲôҶļСӵͱųʦ⣬
ӣɵõƣСӵ֪˭ѧģʲôʱҪúøĸĲǡ

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һôͰ͵̲ǽҵԭͲԶ

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ʣǳöԳ㹻ĵĻֺαǧ̲ʼδһֵ⡣

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Ĳ۴󾪣Ҫ֣һְסĿҲ÷ãҲȥˡ
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ҩȴ㶾ҩΪζȽԣͨʳڸζı˵ĳɹʿ˵㡣ͨҽܿж֢״ȴ벻һȥΪǲƣ͹ȣʲô涾
ų¶ôΨһĽ;ǣҩĲԼҪԵġ

Ĳջ֣ҾϵӲ۾һлǵ깭иҵġҲҲֻԳܷˡ
Ҽƺе˵ӣʲô˼ڼǻж˶ΪǳֽšŮ۰̶ȣҲΪݺ
ĲۿЦһ£ݺô£´Ψһĺӡİɣû֤ݵ飬ٷԷҲ˺˵ġСҰһɡ
㵽ʲôʵ
Ĳ۴ЦûѪɫƺҲҵʲôⲻǺ𣿻£ôˣԭҲ벻飡


 209 

ļУ㰢Ž̽ĸʣÿһ춼Ĳ۶ǰһ㲣ֻϵЦȴαģ˿ɽ̫ҫһƬݻƵҶһ˿ɫĹâҫ۶

Ĳ۵ĲǷҩҽ
ҴĲҩҽ
Ȼ

ȷʵδ뵽Ĳ۵Ŀл˵Ļ
Ѿ߱һˡ㣬ԼĵϵͣҶ⡣ԣҾʱȥ´ˡĲ۾Ŵ⣬ƺڻ¡
ҵĶ伸ԼĻ
˼ʮ겻䣬ȻָһʵϣܾЩ롣
£Ҳˣһֱŵˡ˵£ܶǰҾ׷´һȥֻ´ĺӣȴǲܷ۸ıǼȻһţҲҪһĸ׵ΣҪһѡ˲ɢѩ£Ϊ㣬ҲΪ㡣Ĳתңŵ۾𣿡
Һ
Դ𣬡ô࣬ΪҺ޲㣿
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ΨһĵˡԷĵ뿪ˡΨһһ飬ҪҵˣҲҪֹҡȻ룬Ҳûдֹҡ

Ȼֹ㡣һ죬ұ㱣һ죬ԼҲûǸֹ㡪ǲѣ

ĲǻصǺʮȥ
ſ޵ļʹȥ
Ĳ۵ĺľѣȴ˵һڵ֮ŮӣһŮӣȻٶٶԹһǾԲ֮顣
ôϣڱ˰ҵȴˡ

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Ӷ飬밢ŲòƵĽҾĲ۵ȥĴ󣬵ʳ˯߶⣬ɫǲ԰סܲȥʱܲȥ
ƵĽҷѩߵһ̾Ȼʶģá˾˵ڹҲˣȴûϵҾȻѩߡ
ѩǼõģôûõݣȻߣ
һʱЩŪѩµôģҲֻա

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ָϿֵʯǸǳء
ȻһǳʲôˣӢ
תһȴʿվŭңһҵȴȻ¶ŵɫأؽˣ
΢ЦŵͷⱮʲôʱ򽨵ģ
ʿǼĲԼʻһǵͨ죬һһͰ͵Ѿˡ
֮ͽˣ׻˼ǵ顣
ؽ̫ˡǶһֱʿ㿴ңҿ㣬˸߲ҡ
ǵĽǵĻУĳھлĵġĹᣬ̹ı֮඼̳ϰᵽսʹãһһɳͳһһıǰ;ָտɴ
˵ţȴ˿˽ȴӫ
ʲô飿ʵ
ӫңžȻڼ޹ε
һæ뼸˸ǣһиȥ

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£ôˣżҳٳٲ˵ΪԼʲô󲡣Щŵ
ҷӦһѱסţϲţҪˣҪˣ
Ŵһɫ𽥱仯Ҫ˼ǣңҡ
˷ܵĿҪ˵ֻͷش
ŵͷСĵĿԼĶӣҪˣǲţȴǲɶֹҪˣкˣ𣬻£кˣûԣģġ˵ᶼҪˡ

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ڳǰҾ͸߹ţǼ޸ңҪýûкӵ׼ȻشûйϵڣҾȻô͸˵һ
ȻԼܻһӲκϣˣھ޴ľϲϲ⡣ûʲôһٸˡ

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űҷθһᣬԶϡ
ӺƲ죬װû
һ߳ԳԵЦС㣬㻹˵ɣҿѰģѵҪСӸѧ
ҵһۣ֪ʲô̥̣̥̺Ҫġ
һ߶ڣһ֪ҪҪľȥ·ɣһණ㻹Ҫվá
ŽǸĵĿһۡ
εҡҡͷֻûط·ٳһˬˡ

Ҳ߳ݣȴ˾档
֪²ʣʲôϢ
˾һۣһϢһ÷ģһǴӳ鷿ġҪһ
ܺãֵνǸС
˾ýϷϢ̫ҽѾȷѩѾС˵ͣһ£ҷӦ
ҳĬһᣬʣһأ
һ飬˵顣ɵļɶڵĳзģңԽӿʼԽ߽翿˾Цһ±˲֪ˣһȥˣ


 210 

ڶգּΪ󽫾ƽңͬʱֱԽ֡

յ̴ĺܺãǵλΪ۾鲻ḻԹɵͱԽߵѹܿܳԲһжϴߴʧ󣬶ɾ޴ʧ
ɷҵ΢մѪԵƽȴô۵֮Ÿţ̵ͷǹƾԼǵ϶ǲɹġԽĹϵҲ̸ϺѲһּģ½ӴǱȻġǣ̸־̣Խȴ
̵ڹһսȴҪֱӣһĿȻ
Ȼȴܲ֡

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ΪУбȥˣż̫һЩ֪ʶȻǽڰߣʩ֮ϿȶԴè
ҲԱͬΪзѩ¡ɫܲãÿҲ࣬ƺֻΪĳ绰ҪһЩʳЩʲôãôϢ˯ʱ̫òãСô֮࣬רԼñʼѩ¿ųæµɫǵģ˵Ƕ໶ϲҲ̸ᣬʱ񣬳üΣŻش

ĲȥǰΪ̫ŮһæµţĲȥæǻ飬ĻᲢ࣬ʹżˣҲԶԶĿһۣ˵
ͬзҳ˼ʱͷĴЩ
Ѿһķ緶ҵȻż᲻Ȼ̸ȴƺȥȫЦϣӻŮȻݵ̸Щ飬ߴӹнĹľ̸֮˵ѩµθǲãԲö¡
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ϧһǸ鶼ûС

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֪д˻ţҽ˾裬ǱϢ˵ʷʳŻ£ĺ𣿡
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ҵͷ
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ûԶ̾һתͷʲô飬ò׵ģٱҡԺٲˡ

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ǵĶҲ򵥡֪ӳ٣ǿϵɵ쵼ʼûи𸴡
ֲֽ񻯷չľ£ҵ԰ʼ˰ݷˡ
ȿʼԭҾдĲֽʿػսȻļڱԽѾ֪飬ʦģ˵ҲǲԣһԾδı㹻ȥΪɣܾǡ
ս
һҲ롣
οаţڱκʱҪҡ

ǰԽʱȴԽԽˡ
ΪţȻ£ڴΣʱҪԴġ
ʲô̶ȣͬһսĳһʼѾ̡鵥ֳһȥֿԽ֣һΣҵĸԣǾԲȵġʱʱҲҪԼͽܰ

ֶգ԰ҷ
ǰշı߽漱鱨˴ĺܲңûоܾɡ
ҸɴĴӦЩ⣬ԭԼǴܶ˵ҵģһȴȫòˡ
ðŽסɣྭḻ̫һԺܺõչ˰ţȥĺ֮ǡ
ˡһۣҲ֪ʲô뽫ŽӵΪʣƺǶ󽫵ĹǣƣҲӦͲҪͷĺá԰дȱҪˣ

պҸ˰ţӺչ˺ðţܺ԰뿪˾ǣǰԽ߾


 211 

Ȼһ·ӱޣǵ˳ϢȻŸΣԵʲôµô֮ࡣȻҲϵĽӵŵĻţߵ˯ĺòãԵʲôȻڼʲôҡ˵ż㣬Ҳɵø̾Լʲôʱ裬ˡ

һ·ƽ߽·̵ʱ򣬰ٻ¥һ𾪵Ϣ̲ݣǧսȫɱ
һʱЩòţҪϢʵԲɡԽ̲ţǧҲţΪʲôҪɱǧ²
Īǻͷѵ֪ǧ²һɱ뱱Խǲݵľˡһҵľƺ裬ʹ̣ҲӦοûб

һű鱨ڷ˼ϸϸһ룬Ȼ⣬Ҳ֮С
ճǰ᱾Խ߶ԵСԽĹϵΪ˹ͬĵˣ˺Ǻ⣬һ˳һʧܣôһͱȻᱻȳܱӦһǣƵľѹôǣսپõѡ
Ҫսپ㲻̫ۡԽз²Խ࣬Ǳ²۵ıԽࡣɱǧˣ ֻҪһٸһʱ䣬ǧҪˣʱ䣿Ȼ֪ɱǧ²ȻȻķŭɱĻǷԼߵһŶʱըһûбըѾ鷳ˡ
һ棬ҲƵ̫ǽڽʧǱԽĴҲνءʹǽҲԷģǧ²ôһۼһӵһңԽȴǾʧȻҲðա
Ҿãվյϣǧ˲ɱȻǲС

״ּӿٶȡھ̲ʮһСҵľӡ
˱٣Ҽʱ˱Ӫһҽѯһʿơ
ҵһ˲䣬鼤ѣ۾Щ졣
Ȼ˴̣Ǿеʿ㲻ʿĿзŭвмгޡȴûпήҲı顣ҹ۲ʿı飬΢΢̾ξ֮Ѿ˵زˣͣҲѵá
ǰǼ¡ǵһľʣȴһӣͷһߺߣҡ
ҿĵͷ󿼲ѧһֱּϲļЩۣһֱڳС㣬Ū˺ۡ̾һָҿ
΢΢һ㶣æˣ˿ѾõĲˡ
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Цûһļģʦһġϲвˡ
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Լײˡ

ΪڱѾ࣬ûǰĻɳǷȻƫ
ʿٳˮ״ҽӹȨû٣ֻѲʿ״ҩ
ȻҵĽ죬һɫƵ죬һġء֣߸ߵĲھӪӭչ̫ܾÿȥһ˿ĸо
˵ӰЩңػֵ׶ԽٻһЩѾռ̲ǵԽȻнһĶֻǸץȴǱǰࡣԹթԽΪ¹ѻҪ˰ȵפ̲ǲԶСϣ죬ǾøӲˡ
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ЩŵĽˣҲͶ˹û뵽ġϾ֮ȴӵĵطʹһΪǰ𣬹֮֮ѣɡ
ݡ

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ߺ죬֪ôϢȫӰ͵СѾнȴϲߡûӦӳҪһһûݳ޵ֵز
վС򸽽ߵСɽϣԶԶ̲ǣȫӰңҪԽ𣿡ǧʿÿһ˵ĳ޺ͳ裬ȫӰҲ⡣
ңűĿһƬϣһǸ۵ģ

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ŷգмһŮΪԽܾҵģֻҪ˵ģҲӵ㹻İˡȥʹԽŮ˽˵ĺף㲻ŮֻҪһŮϰңվҪ˵һתңΣŵˣӹܱԽǾԲŹԽĻŮġ
һĻŮУе޲ѹǼģҲ޲ĳԾͷʱգ˭عͷһѹԼˣ
Ȼ˵ˣȻ˰գսҲɹˣͬʱҲ¶Լʵͱڣס˵λսῴæķϷŹ𡪡ҪΪϤյ˶֪ǲܵ飡
ʱĺ֡˶֪ѹͶǲԵ飬ȴֲò³Ҳˣ㲻û³ң

ϵϸŮԸҹԽȻشʱ䳤вͬ˵Ҳû̫
Ƕɵӡ
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ԣĸµԽʲôֵ顣

ʱѾˡ
ҳֽű䣬šһȴǲܲ¶档ȫӰʵţƤһˮӸ֣һְĥī
дĸ֣˰գǲ֪ôдȥá

뱱Խϵһջȴû뵽ô硪վȻԽӣءԼĶбأʲô
룬޷ϣҿϣܷŹԽΪඥһʱ䣬иʱ
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һѹﵽԸӵĳ̶ȡ
ȥȰţҲи̨°ɡ

һյţӦͶ

ڶ峿Խ޴ĺɫسǵʿеıڵϣŵעǡ
һֽ˰ʿǵıֽѸٽӹ˾еҪź͵ص㡣죬ԽͶҵľС
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ЩõԤУæͽһƥȫӰָķɳ۶ȥмϹŹץԷһ
ԶԶģͿվڻǰļ̳ϣһ£ޱȣһѩĳֿֿԼĨ˹ȥ
ҵޱ֮죬뿪ںֹȻæ֮ǣķȥ


 212 

ۡһڵϡ
͵һʱſʼú£һѳǳɹˣҶ޷ԭԼġ

ѱ˱ľģȻ־ûлָֻЩ㶵ĿŵϵĽԼΪԼѾҵˡ
Һµһŭ֮ڵһѾס½Ƶһǽϣײһ˲ųѹұ鲻ƣæ󺰵Ҫʲô
Цһ㲻𣬻Ҫʲô
ҵҪʲôҶ۾Ҫȥ㣬˶Ե˭ԵǶӵĻʽ㣬ԵǵİգǶԵǵνģ
䶯촽Цͬһ赹û˭ֻԼáû˼ôţʲôû˼
ҶĿǲеĿԶ뱱Խǻᱻ׷ɱ龫ǻǻᱻΪزסʵۣΪʵزסաºľͷѪ޲ͷ֮Ȼȴ²ɣޡ

£˵ҸôλϣôңһڵϣܿڳҾúۣģۣѾʮ춼û˯ˣҺۣȴ˯ţǰסˡ
ǰǽҿµһΪԽתһ𣿡
ЦһЦû˵
Խ˳ɹѾڴУճ綼Ҫץסģǻ׷ȥѾûʲôˡǣҶһ٣ע⣬ԽȻʧԽİҲʧһ²Ĺ飬ΪʵۻĹע䱱ԽвͱİգΪΪЩ˽кùӳԣ
һ͵̧ͷҰ۾ʱųͱ˵ľ⣬Ҷ΢΢ݣ۴ôǣ
֪ԼҪϣǲɫʵܰôѾȻǴԵ޹ʰǶɱ˲ɡǣʹʵ۲˵ôͷĴȴưոݡȥҿԽٲ˻ᱻ裬Ϊ塣ֻϧأûˡ
ͣû˵ȥ
Ǹˣ⻰ֻҪһͷȻ뵽Ҫ˼ķȥٹ۲ɫȻЩȴͬǰȡ֮ǽǺġҰһʲô취ֻҪܴѰ̼ͷǲٶµꡣοδηչԼܿ壬Ҳƭ㡣
û֣Ҳ£󿴳ҵͼվ׼صȥҪߣҲæ׷е£˵㲻а취

ҵѶ
ˣԽʵ۵ĵʮãԽ֣ʧ

Ѱյʱҽӵţ˵ɵĶѾȫƽˡͷļĽ»ҪЩɨβȴԽյԴоǷͰ͵ĸδ̫ûд󽫾ķơ
΢΢һЦԽոձ²죬дŵʱԼֻ֪ѾɨԽ֪ѾƳǵϢԲŻдƳǵĹ׿϶̲ˣջСȻνܵʹ䵽ԼﻹǱȴûȤøס
ʸţߵϢһһֱߵһţһּұ㲻ɵ÷ܺõСĵĲ𿪡

ǰһθдš״ܺãܳ˯ֻͦŴӣоܱ׾ȻϣߣҲЩڡ󸹱㣬ֳݡûиҿھ仹һҵʱ䣬˵ս½չܿ죬ܸˣϣܸǰҶ·ע壬˵ԽѾѩܵǲܵˣҪþɼַˡ
ҿ˿ȫӰŪĻ裬ŰһֱԲĴһʸдŵӣǲǾ͹һı飬ůڵģôҲֹסЦ
ϿؼȥÿʵĹѩоͬ׷СһȸԾܰ
ôһаţкӡ϶ѾҸˣĺ۾ͷŴµСȿֺҵϡ

յټܿ챻ˣӽ˱ɽ
֪ҲȥѰңѾڱԽѾ۳˼µʿǣ˻һ

յĿܶ񶾣Ŀɱ˵ĻѾ˼ˡ߻ӵ˴ʿѾڵϣʬһءҵʿѾһŰΧմ˿̲ѷɡ
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ݲýһһҧգԩ𣿼ȻίΪʲôҪأҲˣΪʲôҪɱǧʿ֣µĹӣӦˬԹñˣ
ŭңڴԽ޺αðգϳһգ޾ҭںʳѰϳĹʵۻδǰ֮ʱһһԽضΪǾ𣬾ͬɵ³һ

ҺãԼλ⿿̶ӵɽĵ
һһǰ밢дʱ顣ìܣѩ밢ŽΪ򸾣ǰµĴ˺ʹ֪бŴҵůͺӸҵľ޴ϣڸǡδڽĳһ콨һȽϺгĹϵ
νԹ塣һȻҪհԶĶ࣬ԶΣ˲žðճ
ϧǣյ͹˳ͷԣҲҵĹϵԽ߸ʱǰˡ

գ̫Ըˡһ
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ѩоЩɣոΪעתߵʹֻȻתƺԽԽСҵ¶Ȼǲ赲ĽҵţҵĺЩѡ

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ڽ뱱Խĵɽ
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֪ɽ׵ϲףɽҲ׽ɻĿһıȥ
΢΢һ㶣üͷʲô飿
ɽ䶯촽ƺѿڣǵ׷Խ۽˱ɽ֣ѩ
ɫһ䣬Ŀһ˵Ļɵ棬ô
ɽҡҡͷҲֻ֪֪һӦûҴ֮ˣΪѩɽ춼źŵ
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˯ѾֺЩһ߰ҵˮȫӰаŵû
ȫӰһˮ㶼ȥˣһŵûС
Ҿ֣ŶѺαô󶯾ĪΪѩ·ߣʲŪˡЦûϵϻؾܼˣûоûаɡ
ʣīֽд֣дһţһߣȻдڶš
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ݸְȰѺõĶдȻһõġҲ֪ŮָֽϵֵûôҺϲӵڻУкŮáػ飬ӣȥʰŵ˼˵ɡ
СĵĴֽϵīۺã̧ͷȴȫӰͷᡣ
ƺûȫӰ޹˿еֽЩǸ⣬ϾոջȥôãҾֻŸԼĺȡһ֣ƺ̫ʱˡ
ԲȫӰһעˡļ򣬽ֽյԼС

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ԸӺַţֱҵ˾֮Ҳûκλš
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ųȻСڳݻ̫˵ļƺȴѾСлʼɣǹĳĺӣǱͨЩʱ򣬻һʲôӡ
ȻҲʲôϣ֮࣬͢ǶĿȾϺԽСԽǿģµǱʶ˵ΪҲ㲻ʲôرֻ֡⺢ƺͶòԹɫòϲ̾ѧϰһ͸ĺʡոʾͣͨӣ˵ͽ²ֻ֮࣬ǲֱΪáȴ黻ģʵõδ飬ԼĲݮͣϣз֮⣬νõʹ͡
ȻֻʹʱΪ֮ЧΪһͯǱȽϺõķպ󳤴ԳˣԵ˵αСʱ˶䣬ֻĵڶԳ黹̫ӣԺٽ١ֻʱʱǵãõˣӦʱʱӦΪδͶǺҪġ

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һȻҺרѾţϾйʷҲ˵ȥǼʹֻһʷ򣬺ҲһֻҪһĻشǣϧʷ̫Ůʱ̫࣬ʱռԲҪá
ǿ˵ͨʱʱʵ۶ã֦ɢҶԱδȹ̡
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ҵԹƹܴ󹬣ֶȴûС
߻ҪЩ֣ҲܽܡҲѩµĻһ̫Ů̫һʵȨΡһҲ˸ӣʦͽֺ͸飬һ²µȥŮ
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һ֣̾һ˿ոΪĵͣ٣˿ȻûʱҲûľһˡĶҵһһѾָƣĽ˰պá
߽ǰԺʱԶԶľͼһŮӣվԺѾҶӳ
Цɴ˷ǰкָ̣
΢΢Ҿ¹ٴ˴ǰΪԽֵ顣

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ⷽƹܹԿ׵Ļͳ˳͢עĵط
ǰǰǵİۣһѸҾáת˰óдͨ͸ضһ֪ĺӡ˺ҲûţھС٣ٹ۲죬һҲãһҲԼӪĽѾ쵽һǰ;ְλ̾
Լּƻ͵С
ʵݼƻͿˣʹǻʹڰٻ¥鱨ǰҲжأοһССĻ

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룬Ӧý󣬶ĿһۣȻһ̯εҾ֪ƭȥǶˣ


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һЦֻһССʵȨ̫Ů̫ܲ˱ĽΪְߵĴ󽫾ΪԼıְı¶ûУѵֵܹϡڱԵĵĻô޹ѹһͷҲ̸ְλߵģʵۿǺġ
Ʋ죬װ޹⼸ĶСȥˣȫ֪͢и̫Ĵˡϸ»ȥʣһ½ǸոմѧԺѧ˵ѧԺϷӿǺܻĸȨ㳯ҰҰĵñӣ˵ѹߣᵳ۾ϣسɴ󻼡
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ĳֻϣܹĿųԶҪһʱ㡪뱨ûдǲҪԼȥˡ

վָСϪĴƬԣһƬͷף㿴ǲǣ֪㿴羰Ƿ羰ҿķ羰ȴմѪģŵѪӵѪǻǻݲǲݣҹѹŵѪζĵŻϰ졣˿ס԰Ϊܹ˼ţһְοȴ֪ͬסڵܼ尾
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ѡӱԭڼѡġ顱Ķӣĵܡ
ӦΪһ˼ң˲ѵãȨԺȴûеλǿ˵ٺҲûйѡȻϲѰȴǸĵˣٵУûһС̻ͨӡ
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ĵ֮ǰǻôֹңȴҪα׳ңܲ˵һ̵飬ֻСĵŻݡ뵽Ҳ˿棬ĲȪ֪֪ʲô飿
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һ꣬ҰлƼѡȻռ֤ݽ̨ͰھؾѾΪӫλáӫǰҵİǳ׽ˣ޶˼һнеķǳ˳һӽѡġ

һֱûв֣ȻԤƵҪһЩǲôʧߡһȻԼһֱΪԼģεܽеģӦԱԼΪεĵĴȻǱ˵£һһԼе˵¡ԼȻڿʱȡԼͷ˯˳һʱ䡪֪һô𾪺Ϳ־壡
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ͬĵЦ£ȻʱŪԼԺδ֪Ŀ־Ǹ

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ҿҲûһۣ㾶ֱ̤Ǭ


 217 

Ǭ㿴Ļ˺Ůţ̰һץŮ΢΢¶ϲɫȻ£̫ˣ
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Ѿ׼һƯĴݡǳߵ̣ʳӶһְš
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Ȼ죬ġ
Ǭһۣ֪ôȥң
ҲƳǬһۣ۾תϣҲĸʿҡ
⻰šü

龡类̫ŮΪ̫СԻʷסһ𣬲δᵽȻǻʵۣɵֻôһŮǻʴǲĹͨ͹ġپͰٻ¥ϢԳ൱谮ÿ춼ʱԷˣҲˮһȥйֻԼҲԼĸƺ׽
Ϊʲôأʵ
ֻǲ˿ͻСԼҲ֪ô˰˵ôһ仰
ų֣עʹС㲻ϲĸʣĸʶ㲻𣿡
룺ĸʶҺܺãǡϲң̧ͷ֤ƵĿң̫Ҳϲĸ𣿡
΢΢΢졣ӹȻеҴûڳǰйͻڮٳԴǣѩҲᡣǳ鲻ȴܸܵҵұܵĿʼԶ׽ͬʱųˡ
ҺȻоһۣСС§ִҪҲôСĺӾԼĸײңעⱲӱҪһֽĸС
鱻һ§е̫ôˣ
ҰӷȻһЦߣ̫ȥһִֻƯķݣȻȥŷɺòã
۾һ̰ѸողôĶԻԺĿƵҵ̫߰ɡȻ˾ͷŲ˷ˣ

һº󣬳ô顣
ȥһֻףҸùŮ
죬ͬӺ͡һȥμӻ硣ǰ˿˵ͥȻ뵽Сڣڰ˳Ҳֵ췭ظˡ
̾һд

ǰСȻ˵鲻·ҪȥѧҺ˵˵ͻСȳȥҲ٣ȴǲɴߡֻ˰ٻ¥˰ȥȴºͰ¥˦СҲѧݵֶΣصСӵСı٣ٻ¥鱨ǺҵټֻڰǰַټһΣٴθ˾ûҵˡ䣬ڻӸ벻ĵطȻûİװС˼ɡ
治֪Сʲôʱ湻˻

ҡҡͷ
Ѿߵſڣ˿ֶ֮ƮĶдװᣣˣǴȵĻ̧ױģ·ǽӶ޵ĺ죬ֽķ裬Ȼ䵽ϣֱɵĴ
΢΢һ
һĻʶ
ҺȻͬһȣӺ͵վе飬ȥ԰ЪᡣȻҡ
Ӻһӭ׵Ķ飬Һһȥɡ
һ֣ʾⲻã㾶ֱ˽ȥ

һƵòŮţȻ˽ڳޡصﲻʹ˺üԺӣܸܵе״
Ӻûҿáһܲµ룬ȷʵҲȥһΪ˼ϲ硣
ҳϣˡ߻ЩŻڵĻԳЦ£룺ڵ²֪ôˣûͶ̥أûͶһ˼ң˳裬ٵһЩ߰顣
ϯɢĺˣҪȥֶͷǣ߸ӣӺȻȥˡ

԰ԲϵӨ׵Ľӽ͸ɫ»ԽȾɫʮܲ˵Ǹ˻ȡϼա
ڻ԰ӰװСˣֻǳһСȴоԼˡ治ִ֪ŪЩþƣԼȣ˱ˡ뵱꣬԰Ｘ̳ǺþãǰϺõľˣá
·ϣоԼƶˣҽŵ¶Щˡ
ǽϣҺ۾ϢһᣬúЦʲôʱһƾ
ţȻһ紵˿˿Ҵ˸սʱѹѾһȥʱҼѾơ
кȻȻУǶܵٶȲ̫ԷһУֻ¹֮£¾ƾ͸һ롣
ȻŴ̿͵ʱ򣬵ȴһ£·±˲֪ĴڣֻϸһڡҿóһŮӣṦãʱƮȻɣûһ̿͵ĺݶֻʽټһЩʹȴǳ
ֲɣɨߡײһһ⡣ʱȻеִ٣ȴȷʵЧѴֵһã
ȵڴǽ´ǽϣǽǽڣ¹ҵ׵ʱ򣬶ԷĹȻһ£һ˫۾һᣬȻȦӣüͷô㣿
֣Ҳ΢΢һ£ǣ
Ů֣ҲĿɿڴ˾ȻӺ


 218 

ôӺƺе⣬ܿͻָƽ
ҿЦһӦʵİɣҸոմӻϳؼңͳˣ
Ӻüͷһᣬһѳ˻ȥˣĺˣ˽ĵˡ
£̿ˣ
ӺһֻۣǽĲҵ֮һ
ɱǲҵ֮һҲʲôý̡û뵽õԭ̫ŮȻ˿̡ΪӺϵ裬Żӻʦʲôġû뵽ȴ˸Ԥ뷴ôְҵ
ǰΪɱһҵ֪֯ҹɱƺ󣬾˸ҽҵĴɱ룬Ӻ˵ǸʲôҪôͷܴҪôҵϡ
ʲộüͷʡ
㣬Ӧ˵̡Ӻ
̣
ҿЦһ£Ӧŵġˡ

̵ʷŶ̡ǧǰһƬңСӢ۱һƬУеļΪ˽־棬ԿʼֱȽʵļ岻ͳһܱĹңʵְ
ǸʱʵӰֹ㷺ɾ̣ʼɵĹϵ̸϶ܣѺã˫ѡֲͬļ壬ѡĶһµǸ֮ս̫ƽ
Ϸϰ߲ͬȻսΪԸ׸Ǳ㽫ĿͶ˸Ϸϲ徻ǫݵѡ˵ʱϷӰĳңиſңľѡʵۺҡ
ɵĳԲûԸѡļʼղܴһ£ɴԵļ塣ǳҽ˳ͬʱҲŵȳڻȶЭ󣬾͹˻صɽС
ȴûԾڶǷݲӡʹûҫҲǲġ䷸ȶ󣬴˼𲽴ﵽʢʱﻹ̵Щ޷ġΥҷӡǴ̵ʥּ
У̴ӽʧӰˡȻһôǿʵĽôױģ˼󣬻Ů֮սΪ֣Ϊ˻һٶ˥ܵļʱ³ǵСѡ˼壬׳ƷҵͳΣֲµĵ
ʷ޶żȻ̽һεĽѵǿ˶һλҵĿƣڼʮµĻһη˶Ծ̵ĽѾѹΪа̡
ڽ̼𡣾ܴûһܹȫҲûһзʼաΪʽƽȴеĳǿزܲ˵ǶֶѣҲǵù㡣
˵̶뵱ûһ˿ʺͷߺޣȻǲܡǧУҲоǰһһؾϾѾƽ꣬Ϊ˱ĵ̶׵³սңȻǵòʧ

²ҵȻ࣬ȴǹټ⡣ûôɣ˵ɱôҵҲ֡˵Ȱٻ¥ʸȷʵҪϵĶࡣ
ұ㡣ʲôߣˣȴû뵽㡣Ӻ´һ£ȻѹҪھίУڴҲûĸ֯ɱָҶˡ
˵Ҳǡҹٷ̫Ůְ̫λʼݣн¥ɽ֧ţаٻ¥ȻѾţھߵҵĵӣҰȨԺյҽá˵붯ңǲס뵽ҺȻ˵ǷȨ㳯Ұһ졣ʱòΪȻȴô˻ǲôš
˵ίǳ磿Ҳûʲôüɻġ

ڳڳǰһװװ˳ӹл޳йǰûж¶κιвٳϵԱ߳бصϳҵԴ̬ȼΪ鵯Ҵ󲻾̬ȡ
ϧôһնĴ󲻾ûУҲҵ淢ȻһرĻʤҼοһҧгݵĿŵۣһ桰ݴȡΪҿѣ̫鱾˲СڣΪ֪֮Դڰ䲻⣡ 
Ҳܲ˵ÿָӵÿֲϲŭıʱ򣬶ðˬ

ӺȻûдʲôֻɴĵһͷûκϢֻҵߣĿķ֪ͨҡ
Цһ¡
˿̲˵ʱʣʲôң
ӺҲףѧᡮݡģ
΢΢һ㶣ɽྪݽһΡǸʱڣֿķһ˿ҲӦǾеˡ
ʦ㴫ڡŵݻ֪Ҳ֪ˣûкġ
ӺĿ΢΢һԭȥɽƺ΢΢Щ⣬̾һҲá
˵ҹ֣֮£һȥáӴˣٲǷʲôˡȻת뿪
ôߣһʲôûŪأ
£ʦʲôϵҲô׷ʵ
ܿ죬Ӻش˶ߣʦǰ

֣Ҷԭأ˰Σع񣺾̵ǰŵĵӣ
ˣʶ˾صıˣֻҪԸ⣬һҽܵ࿴һǧȥҲеġͬʱҲ̾ŵİȺͺǱɽӣҲղ
ⶼʲô£
ʦʮǰ̫ŮĴʦ㵹̨йءѾҪ

ǰȥɽ󣬲ձյʦǸҵĻšʦǲûµҴְΪʲôֻ˵һְҵɴʦݴֻδᣬŸ˵ʦΪռµİռʫ
һ쳾٣˽֡
ǰܺ⣬˼˵ɽĻῲϣ١Ҳ㶼ӳ档ںҾеˡ
뱱ԽϺ˵ɴڼ沢һͳ¡ͳҲ𲽳ԽԽȶľ棬ڹʮֳ꣬ɳһˣǸʱͿԴﵽȽĵزˡڲһСС̫Ŀֻһ磬ûл뷨Ҳû½Ե⻰ִӺ˵𡪡Īڻʲô鲻ҵĿƷΧڣ
ʫʦд˼仰ҵռʫľ䡣ʦռǰû뵽һ˾ȻҶǣʽ㣬ֻ䡣ҶֻһС͵ռȻֻΪռߵʦǡ

صУҲûн˴ɱϢӺĵˡ
Ӻһۣû˵ʲô֪ʵоûзκ
ͱȽϼˣһһŤеӣǲ֪С㻹ûʲôȶˡĹĿңǲףСΪʲôðٻ¥֣ٻ¥ֶһְ취һۼûСοӫѾ˽͹ȫ˲֪
ҡҡͷ
ļҡͷ죬Ȼ뵽ʲôĵЦС㣬֪粻Ҫ𣬽֪˹ȫ˺󣬵ȥϾѪǹ񫣡ǰС㱻Ĳ֪˶ѪֵˣȻֻǿʼһϢѡ
ô᲻֪

ǰԳ֪ȥְλʱǰ𾪵һ˲ҿĺ֪ˣɱʵѽҪɱҶİʮ޹ʿѪ𣬸ʹʧźͺӵľҹѰ֮ʹ

ܻĳԻλľ
ǣҾˣҲɱҲ»λҪϣһһһһʧȥеĶ

ھвϾۼţҾܿմ󽫾ף
ӫǰƿػʹ
ҴϳӼ޸ãǿǿϣһ㹻ȡҵĴ塣


ˣҵ׼㹻֣ҵĵȴ㹻ˣҵҲľ
ڸֲɣɱֲңΩίоˣǷҲ˵Ƶɽˮˣ
ȻգҲӦԲԣ
ôԴΪźţҿʼһаɣ

պ󣬱ԽһҵϢ
ǰȥƽҡ
ɽдŶ鴩ȥ˺üգҵٵǰһõܵһգһɽȷ˼
Ȼҿⰲŵġ

վڸ߸ߵɽϣϤɽȣ°ںڿл죬ȻǺĹлǲ⡣
ǲЩȥʿӭңǲǻҽΪǱ
׿ңƺ˵ʲôȴʲôҲû˵ʶתؿһ۸Լߵʿոջһӹ˳ı֣ȴĿְڸԵıϣӺͳ޵Ŀûȥء
ǰ׼ȣֹȥԮʿѾʲôܡҼھеŴƽһѾǳˣ׵Уֻʣһ㱡һαȫԻǰ;ԼӴԾڴӡ
û˭һԼս̣֮ӱͱӵˣھС׵³ӳһ̾Ѿעˡ
ˣޱѣ
ʵܶ飬Ǵ֪ġ
ǾˣȻҲ֪Լʲôʵ֪ҪɱȴǴݸֻٶĲѣȴҽĳޡ
ҽһϹ׼ɽеס
ߵʿޱǰĴ߽졣
ĽǱ
ָһɣһ׹ͬɢĹһȲĴȥ
ҿҲδȥչת뿪

ֻļΪʬ
۾Ϊʲôɱһ
۾Ī¡ԼĳޣǹѵİʮʿĳޣԶ֣ܻźοһͳɴ߽죬Ӧӡ飬һҪװ׵λáҲϣЩС˵ֻǽڳʵΪԼŴ켺ıԼ˾ӦȾ۵㣬ӦóΪһλռ߳ƣ˾Ĵ󽫾Ҫ
ǰ汨ҵ˫
֪ᣬҸо͸·ʪ⡣ͷο˵ҵĵӣҲΪΪ˭أ

º鱻Ϊ󽫾ӹܴӣܹ°
ҹҵõ粡ؿѪϢ̫ҽԺ


 219 

ʵ۲أȻҪȥ̽
ҿǬйŮ빬Ƕͳţ֪˷Ĳᣬǰң¶΢
˵׳ߵ׻мε̵ˡֻǿңȴǸŭԣֻĿܻӭĿ߽롣
ǰΧһȺ̫ҽһһĸһոոתվȺң̽ᡢ͵˵أ̫
ôһУڳϵעתƵϡ
΢΢һЦרҪҡ
æǡļ̫ҽҪŵĶܸ࣬ܵǵҪ˺ܶࡪʲô
ңӶ˶ҵĿдƣвڳֻ촽תȥʶ
ܺ죬ĺ죬Ҳ֪¶Ȳ͡

̫ҽˣʵϵĲΣ
̫ҽ㿴ҿ㣬˵
ǲ˵Ҳ֪ױɱھһҶ󣬳粻ѷ󽫾п϶ǲʣӷߺ޵˼㣬޷Ž⣬Ȼɼ
һ̫ҽʵҲ֪ˣֻԴң㲻ҽ˵߾ѾûбҪ˵
ǰ£΢Ϊһɡ
˵žڴߵĵָϡ
͵Ťͷһ˫۾ң޲Ϊ˵Ҫ֡
ҺǺһЦס󣺡²Ҫ伲ҽ΢ԼҽеġѵˣھҲιߵģ
˼ûѣڸбܷ꣬ѹֵŭһӰ侲ƻŷһƿҡ
һڴվº͵Ȱ˵²Ҫŭ岻á
עҵ۾ҪѴһһٵػ£ټʣ޲ҪΪ޿ûввҲǱ㺦ģ
̫ҽһѹֵĳС
ǵһǰѿ
һҲգϻ̳Ͽֵĵͷ˵ʲôѵ΢Ͱ͵ĸ̽»д
αӣİڴصֶݸװ׵飬޲֪𣡣Ϊӳ̨伫Ǳӵ㣡
𣺱㵱꺦źҶĺݶ⻹ԶԶأȴǾĻش𣺡£ԩ΢ˣǽԽвѳְô˵Ǳ΢أǽгٿĪˡǼնһֱڼдأİҵڼҴš
㡢㡢㡪ٽƱ磡ǵı޲֪𣿡Ȼ֪ݱ£˫ʸڷϣѪһӿӶеԺˣ˵ˣصĴϢɫһĿҪγѪһ԰׵ˡ
ıǴ΢ǳе˵΢ı˭ó֤Ī΢Ǿлһ
Ŵأָٽɫ£·Ҫ˵Ŀ⽫С
Ҵûаݿ޵ʧ֮١
̫ҽǼʵԵִҵƵᣬŭƶǲֻվţһıӣ²СıǨŭ޲֮ززźá
˫ĿĵһᣬȻһϣ˴Ӵ
ҲźۼһײԱߵĸո̫ҽĵӣȻ˹ϡ

ҳҺܶȤζֻڳһ˲ԺȻðһԴϵһӦҲǺ˼ͷҴͬޡȻ֣Ҳûڳϡ
ϣҷ·ǻȻѣ˹ȥ鿴һװǳԱߵḶ́ţ·ϴȥ
ͱȻιȥסбһʱһȥְ˽Žشϡ
Ҫǰ̽ȴһǰǰȥˡ
ǹ
ùĸ첲Ȼȡиһ룬һᣬ緽תѣ۾΢΢һӡ
룬һۣ̫»ڲСҪ£ȵ²תú̸Σ
֪ҽʰͱ˵ӡҲ˵ʲôֻ硣˺һŻ۾ãȻڴɨʱ򣬽żʶҲҲżػ£ҹҲ뿴㣡
޲ԳˣȻѾεʧȥһ˿ˡ
ҹҾ͹
΢΢ЦЦҪŭ˸ΣҪ졪˴ǰҲһϲҪ߱¡ԭԽҵʮԭɹ֮ӽն־
羪ʲô
ûд鱨֣ʲôϢͨܽУȻ֪
ЦȻհµķɵġڴһͳ£ԭһĲȵľ档Ϊܴѡеλ󹬣Ȼױ¶Դصһͬʵ̬ȡ
һû˵꣬һץߵͷ˹ӲŲӣ˫Ŀػ£˭Ȩ˭ǽҪȢ˭ֲܡѾӦѩ£һʧ𣡣
һַͷҲЩջ𣬲װ˳ĳģֻЦ£еΣôֻСŮ˽̫ƽأԹС£ĺҲǹϵ°ҪأȻֺαһҪȢΪأ΢ȻǸ΢С̫ȴҲǹıµǲܹȹɽһ׮ʵֵ϶ʮľѹ²᲻֪һɣ
˵Ҷ˶٣ӹƵƵʾסڵ񣬵٩ɫѿĳлǱʶأԲ綼֮ӼɣǳĲɫ˫빬ضڱ²͹֮Ϊ·ǽⷳ¾ͲΪ²͵ˣ
һδľڴߣһץؿڣüͷɺҺεϣæȥ
ѪȾѩ׵ĽĿġ

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ҶȾѪýޣһ˲졪»ʱѪôģôȾ˴ôŻ飬ôᣬôĵĺ۾
ԭ¡
ԭ£
ҧ촽ָĿģԼڳȥš·ڸװװҵİһڹʱʲôҵİʱʲôǸʱϸַ̧ŰһҵĻһͶϲ䵽زһжԼȡ
ߵǰڹķ¿ͷϣޱౣ壬ӽҪ빬¿ɲҪλһѺõӡ󰡣
۾ƺ־ӡҲװλΣڹĿ£̫ҽŮηηĿ¿š

Ҹո뵽Щһȴײϼһֱſڵˡ
ҾȵĿվŲȥѩ¡
ô
һۣڵһʵʱȥ
ҺȻո˵Ҫӽ飬ʱޱȣȻҵһ˵ģҲ֪Ƕϲ빬ģһרΪҪﵽĺĿǿңһֱ黹ò漰ĵˡѩ¡
ѩ޹ġ
䶯촽Ҹո˵ֻ˵˵һᡭ
ѩºȻң󹬲ɲܵķΧȽϺʡ
͵̧ͷæѩ£㲻á
ѩȴִҵĽͣ˵һãο빬󣬳ʱͻЩ˵͵ͣԾ˵˲õĶһ˿ҺͰգȻӱһ޷ȥ

ϷĴѾȥɴĺʹİûûȫ
һݸطŷصǮһֵѡȵһж䶨󣬷һ

ѩΪйʷּܲ˼ɲԭԽ֮Ϊڳ𲻲С𶯡һʱ׷׳޻ʷȣ֪ʶӵĿģȴ֪ǵ۷ĵĿʼ
Ǵ˴󲡺һֱôáϹҴڼ䣬һʽӼ򣬲û粨

ֹ˼գҾȥϷȥ
ȥ˱鿴ֵȷʵõļѡ

Ǻõط
˵һûǰĽϷƣʵĴȷʵҲн֮ơ
羰续
ȴ续
ˮɵĴƬũﱻûݳ٣һϺþ߶ûУֻͥʣ¼߹ӣе嶼ˮһߡ
ֵڳ˽ʣʳʼӿ򸽽ĳӿȥܿЩĵطҲܲסˡ
ʱõʳҲѾǿȼü֮

Ϊ˲һ۾ͷҵݣصؽҩͷȾˡ
ĵֶҪͷɫסҰͷȾˣǰ׷۵㡪Ҳֻһ´ҵĻἰ׷еǸȻԼҲúôһͷ׷̫˵˵
ǾͳλȡжȻǺܸˡҲӺ͡˿һָڷʱ¶ο˱顣
ҲΪͷɫһ·гࡣʮһǱȽġΪõ̺ùչֿͬʱҲ໥ලϵҺֺ΢ЩͰ䲼ȥˡҶмӣ꣬ôܰһӴĹҸģֻ˵ڷ⣬ҲǺҪ
׻̫˼ֲļһﻹ̲סһЩ̹ת˲ʳڻ̧ۡ
ڶļһȻôѲƵΪУҲͽֱѹˡ
ôľôЩڻ¡

Ԥض·ߵĵÿһѧԺĿೡѧԺڵĳҲѧͳһİɫ϶иֲͬգ鶼ͣ³ӲŮҲŬ΢΢ЦݰοԼߵ
Ҳͣѧϰһе鴦ˣǾͻؽȥ飬ʣҲʦϿΣһЩСҲſ
һ·鿴żһɫǺܺõ˰½鿴һϣѧǵע⣬ǴԼΪǸҽѲҩҲܿѧԺҲӣȥ
ǳԲĶֿ½ԲŻһкֹŪˮһ·֢״࣬Ҳ˲ٶ֢ҩȰӰҩȥȴѧԺѧִˡ
˵ػ»Ǵҳˣ
ȻԼ֣Щ⡣̧ͷһһĸ߱Ůѧߵ˵βҳˣ˵ģֻ۳͢ôİ䲼ִʩôʵʩĹ͡ҲǲңʲôŽң
һͷŮһֵĴʩǻоģֹػʲô飿
߱ŮЦոջ˵̫ѳֳȨ£ôһֲİѳ֮£ûͬĴʩΪɵķôĵõʵʩ
ҲΪԼĶΪΪôΪ˷ֲԼ̨żԱΨסѾһʷΪְ𣡡
˼һ˽ѧ嶯֪ù￴Цˡ
תһһԼʮϸվߣѧһۣЦſҡ
ѧԺķӰɣҹ˹֡
ϸͷȻĿ⾼ĿңϸҲǶˣ֪Ըոϸŵѧļ
ôʵͷˡҲúܺЦԼԼʲôô˵أ˵δԵ̫Ƥ˵ðǲԼԼ𡪡ҲŲأ
ǹ˵һֱûŪ˵ʲô˵ػǷҳôҳĶʲôҳѳֳǼ鳼ôػռֵʲôأ
ϸȦӣŹңѵողѧ˵񲻹Ϊ
һЦΪѳֳ͢Ǽ鳼ΪǼ鳼ǹôͬ߼ΪҽΪӿ˲ǺôΪǺô´ɱˣôҲ϶Ϊıɱ
ϸ۴ҰΣɫ֣صΪػҳˣ
ϸ⻰˵еոִŮתߣĿϣȴҵĴ𰸡Ŀƣʮֺˣƺһ˵ǲĴ𰸣ҪҺúһ

ҳ
Ȼ⡣ֻ㲻ϣ̸һ֣
뵽ҷ̵ЦҳֻǸСС;Ϊǵİ׳նѣ
ŮԲ۾Ϊë
ϸûһôĿһȨ㳯ҰĹԱ¶ɫǴӾİɣԼΪĸ߹ٵŮԲĸĿһС֪γƺ
û˵꣬ſһʵո˭˵ػǰ׳յģվ


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Źӣ
Źˣ

ȻЩλҲܻӭϸҲ¶Ĺ⡣
һͷλŹӣȴһ¡
ŹӿŭĿһҲסˣĲŵı飬ֽŶ֪ˡ
ʦһĻϲֺǲ鲻ԸҿšŹӡ¶Цõı飬ɵľ޴Ȥٻ¥ûСȻҴסˡȻ߳ˣüĿϤĺۼڡ
ϸ˲ΧΧѧǵŹӾȻҳƺʦٿҵıǱһĿģ̵ģڵĶС
Сڣ˵СˡѾʮһͦ꣬ѾСʱݣɷвޣ⸱ƤҽضüǮת뵽⺢һģֲЩ⡣
Ҳ˵Ϊˣε˵ʦ㲻ھǵôˣ
ҹǲӭĻʦߡ
æҲǸ˼˵ʦҳߵĻһ˵һָ߲
ҳߡĸֱӾʣʲôһ׷װѶļġ
һ˻֣ˣҸ徻ط˵ɣû˼ҿЦ

ʦͷûϳҵıӰҲΪһͷǵһ۾Ƽ˰׷ֻŤͷҪܰɡ
ʱΪ˱ⱻϳȾˡҵԭЩӤʵСҲӳˣȥǸˣ۾Ҳͨ͸ˡҲǳԹЩͷӦҲûܹ̫ĴۣҲǷˡ
æſѧԺʵ
ΪʦëСͺãʼھǻǺڲԭϣﶼһѧҲҪһȥ˽˷ӣһ㶼⡣û뵽һžͿ˼ѧԺġ
ȿʼϱһЩѧǾͿ˵һҡΪѧԺת˼ʮˮ֯һҽ֯֯ά֡˼½˵ڶҡҡ֯ĵϣֻ˹ģȻ뷨ӣũƷӹե͡ĥ桭⺢ӣȥϲϴתﻶϲҲЩ
ᴧĦҵ˼һұתЩʦ˰ɣһҺֿСʱƤӣʱˣôƤûΣ
Ҳٽ⣬ڷſˣʼϲĽ⼸ľҼζ̲סЦ⺢ӣǱ˸ʰ̯ӡҲãҵĵĻܽб۸ȥ
ǰһ͵͵ȥһιǬ￴һСӡ˷ܵ˵㳤ĺ۾ͱӡ˵۾ң˵ʦǺӸò˽Ӱɡ
ǬСܵȥľֻгһˡҲЦҡҡͷ̫Ů顣
̫ŮһᣬȻŹֵĿңʦòʷͨź˿ɡ
ЦԷǵĸһٸҺ˼롣ȻЩ仯һ֮ǰͰȷʵҲһֱĽӾξеԭһŹֵ뷨Ȼܴһ絽һôӻ᲻ǰͶ̥أϾʱó󲻹ҲԼĺ˼룬ôɺϣ

̸˺ܾãʵǸ⣻ʵңΪʲôһҪô뿪ߣϲǲʦֻǳǲѣһֻʮĺӹδҲ̫ЩԲżᶨֹ뿪һֱ벻ͨΪʲôСȴļֺ͹ִ
Ȼһ⣬ͳĬһᣬ̧ͷֻǲٰҵһӡ
ҲЦ㱾ǸӰ
վһŭݣҾ֪һֱѵСһֱǣһֱǣҲŲߴȥҪ㿴Ѿһˣ
ŭĿ⣬ҷʶԣԿǺԱӶҪĿһЩĺӵഺں󣬿ϿɵҲ͸ǿҡǺⷽġ
뵽̿ʼȣʵμ㣬Ѿȹȥܶˣ˳߳ˣܶһ棬ͬʱôѧԺ˴ĳ˶顣˵ʵʦܸˣҲܰοǳˣˡˡˣǰǸҪʦĵСʦһִģСʶ֣ѧּܣ㵽ˣʦӡ㣬ܻǸʦ֣ҪҪĸĺӣʦ̸ġ㻹ǵһΣʦȥϽһΣ͡
ҺȻͣҿʼ˵ĿǾϲȸԾȻ졢ʧѹȻʼ顣
ǺٿˣʹǰޣʱҲǼٿޡȴǲͬˣЩæ͵ǲʦ˵ʲôˣ˵ҲҪʦûп˼ʦһڿǴ󽫾ˣʦҲһǸӡ
ҿźȻ˵ϣҵ˵ֻһ̾˿ĺںƯͷʦ֪Ҳһ˲ٿ࣬ɣʦһֱġ
͵ҵĻ۾ԹĿң㲻ʼնʼնֻҵӣܹˣ˵ͷҲصĳ˷䡣
˰ΣһῴӺվſڣȥķתͷҡ
ЩãȻʲôˣ
Ӻһۣ̾һʲôҲûֻǴʲôҲû

Ȼϵ˰ٻ¥Ѱ䣬һ˼һʼҲۼżŹӵϢ¥˸ȥҲԶԶһӰûнӽ˾Ͳˡһ̾ıԽԽˣһԽóأԸȥʲôֻԽԽӡ

صѾһºˡ
ĲǺˣƢȴǰ˺ܶ࣬ǰ˼棬ȴȫˡʼڳϹȻʼԣָΪְ̫𲻹ǽ̵̫ŮȴԽ޴Ҹת
ټʹʷҲһϼҵۣҪءεҲȫҲĶ֤ݣ޷̬ţᵳӪ˽ϧҴڳǰκʧľٶҲûκΡԡָǲ飬ڽᵳӪ˽ֻҪνġԱǶʸڷϣҲûа취οЩԱǵλһͣҪ̿ƹҲǲܵġ
еıţǸСֿҪŮˣڻҲƣ̲鱨ǳÿţ񲿺͹ڹȨģ˵ϻֻʣһڰС
Ǵ̫ŮǳʱͶ˳ˣֳǳϵԱеĵһˡܶ˶Ϊ׵λ÷Ī
ڳҲڻΪѣλϡǰٹ֮ףһ֮֮ϣȨ˭λã͵վ˸ĵطҪҲϽʣһ磬һɹĻҲһϸµӣһʧ˻еֻͣѹԵ£ϾûзĿˡ
ǰȻ򺡹ǹ磬ȵõϢǾڵڶ糯Ͼټ˰顣ĵϵԱȻǷ׷׸顣иĹԱڿһʵ˵һְ¹ش󣬻Ǵӳ˺á
Ȼֿ죬ϧҵҲʡ͵ĵơһûб̬ôӦأ
ȵ糯ɢˣ˰Ϣ԰ֻһ֡ϡ

׵ѡӽ뾡취ΪﻮơҲڳ͢м˲˵ֵ֧֡ƣ˲Ӯ˺ܸߵĺ
ܲ˵ǺЩµġ
ʮ죬̨ڱˡ
ǣʮϳˡ

ְ̫ǲҪ糯Ҳ޲ɡ
˵ڵݵλʹֻմ֣˭ܶ˵֣
ȻңҲס΢Цʵװ飬Ҫһְ̫ҲΪ˰ɣ
ܿѯҵֻǲǸˡҪ϶
Ʋ죬Ϊô׾ͺƵ
¡Һֻش𣬡Ϊɰ鵣ס˵ţͣһ۰飬վһУǴֶͣͷҡʵ˶ڽŵĿң磬ĵĵҺļ֡
Ϊɰ鵣׷ǳʡ顣ҵ
ôͨһ仰ڰٹмǧˣڹԱΪҼʹٲԸҲҪԼ䣬ܾ˵ġ
΢΢һЦбֳŰ飬Ŀﲢ⡣Ҳң·ʲôҲûзһ֮ǰոףڵĶơ
ڹٶľսĿ֮еĿ⡰ͨ
룬ٳǺ⿴Ҷ԰̨Ĳģ֤ӮһΡȻȫʤһξ롣

顢ûʲô
Ƕĺ㣬СԱȴﲻݷңӺһɵ⡣
ˣӺʵ
룬˴ĲҶǸˡ
Ӻʣʲôʱգ
¶һЦݣ⣬뻹ɡ

ȻȲҫʤ˼һҵ˼᰸˵죬̲סʼҶ֡
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ȻͬϷһ½мλԱɫ֤˵ƽο裬ѹǣǵְΧ񣬲ʷǵĵ
һʱ÷·ҵĸᣬҴʲô·ϲʲô趼óָֻ԰װƣǲޱ߷
ǵ˼ڴյĴһ־ôᶨˡǼƽΪͽСԱһ浹ı̬Ҳʼ¶ֵ̿ı顣ȻҪҿˣһʮﶨҺпܵþͱѹȥնףЩ׺СɫͻΪ޿ڻҡ
˭ҲԸΪйŭڻҡ
վǽͷݣ˵ƽҵĻʶ巽򣬽ô֤ԼɱˣȻơ

վһߴ֣ĬĬǿҪˡ
ҵ£ǿŭ𣬱ֳĬԼҲܵԼƣһֱŵ΢Цʱʱޱһۡ
˶˵ˣòվ߹Ա֮׵İ飬ɣװ䣬׼˵ô࣬ͷеˣ˶״֤ȷ䣬̫ȷʵﵱأ
У糣ƽΪոЩ̫״С˵޻̸֮ƾĹ֮ʡЩ˾ϲ⣬ͼʥն񣬳Ϊﵱն

ʱһƬžÿһ˶𾪵Ű飬ոձһ
𾪵ıǳ磬Ű飬·ǵһʶһ˺ð죬ʵո˵ʲô˵һ飡
ɫδԸģֵֻΪ̫ƷԸ߽࣬Ǹո˵޳ܡЩ֮ʶ޸޾ݵſڴƻƣ
ɫҰףһֺ쳱Ȼ仯ʮ־ңѪҺӿԲ־ҵĲû뵽ҪһʱɱﵾȻ󵹸귴ݺݵһողŵ󣬳־Ҫε˲ʧƶһӵ䵽ɽȵĸоӦúܲܡ
ȻûȫӦַŻΪĻþǰͷԷ˵˻
һԼǿԼ¶һ΢ЦŰ飺װĪ˵˰ɣôΪػѵװ䲻ôΪ𣿡
Ǵ
̧ͷһ˫۾񣺡¿ɻǵãǰǣȡ˽ʿǸʱ̫ŮǺ
ʱ̫ˣҲ¶ãı飬ֹһʲô顣
Ȼǵʲôʱȡʿ̫ʲôϵ粻⡣
ѵǵõʱʲô𡪡޹һӡǾ١Ǳ볼һϾ˵ͬ顣渵
ã۾ȻѾʱˣЩȻѾԺ⳾̫ãҳһЩ򡣵һܶһĶˮ档һжˮʱ򣬳ҲͶȻҡ
޼ˣʱõػд޵ľټţ

仰һըڰٹ֮СոЩһֱ㣬ʷڶĸҶһ¶˼;ı顣ЩĶǳĵϵԱڵɫҲûʲôˡģֻЩͷǽͷݣոȴԼ˶ֻں޺Ϳ־ͳдϣôôģ 
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˵һۣ¶һѵõ΢Ц̫ȳΣѣʵԸȹ١ǱˣôոЩ˵СһٸһǧʳҲһĴ𰸣

Ѿ˵һĳʧܡ˿̵ѪΣΪˣֹŹֵı鶼ӹŭɥЦޡʡڡãȻ־塭ٹоޱȣ֪һҪô
ƺѾʧȥǣĵվߵŮϣʣ£ҪҪȥϢ£
δһǰ˼ûн࣬·ֻǱܵ߶߶ƺǸܴ󸺵ܿ˦һ߹Ůͼ֣ʶתվķ򣺡ػ£ػ£á
ȻԴᣬ͵

ŮǾţӵȥ
һĹԱҲڷне̫ҽ̫ҽ
һ뿴˿ΧѾĳ磬ֿһңվԭأҲԡ

ҾĿһŻңһִϷĻĲã֮Сеľ飬ȴһ㲻ȥζ
绹һŲ֪ǰְȰźõġΪľ

̫ҽԺͻԻʡ
Ȼ֪ʵҪغֻ̫ܶ࣬ҽԺҽʵ˵µҡ

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Ȼ˭ҲûָһĺʲôڷԱߵСϰÿһʱ糯
ٶ»аġ

ÿǽ̵ʶֶģͬǰ̵Сû̫ÿ켸С£ֻǿȨ֮¹򡣳һղҽ԰ܡеǬȴȥĺ٣ʱѩһȥһֱûѵĸʣĸʵĸ飬ҿĺȴǵĺܣ̸϶ģҲ̸϶ˣÿȥƺҲֻΪһѣûκθС
ڹУҲֻȺ̫ҽòΪųתˣˣ϶ԶԶ
룬Ҳ˰ɡ

˹Լ꣬԰һ֪˵ԾãѾϵעٵϢ粡鸴ӣ̫ҽ޲ߣҩʯЧ
һգʵۼݱϢ


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ݱǻŹԪ

ĵǻĵ죬Һ˺ܶơ
ȻǲҵӺ͵ȣܵľ¥һӲˣȻҪһӾƣ᷿
Ҳѹ
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տյģʲôûС

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ھúܿգġ
컹ôƻôף绹Ǵȥûһ㼣ʾҵĺȻĶôġ
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Ľҵʦǣھô󣬻һطϢȹĺΡ
ȴԼŶٻȥ
֮󣬾ȻҲһ֮

Ҳ֪˶١ܰĻǾھɣ䣬ܹš
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Ҽ˵֣أҲעʲô飿
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һ˽Ҳˡ
֪һֱѩߵģڵһȥٻ¥ʱѩ¾ӦǼġȻҲ֪ýΪԵףصѩʶã˾迼ǵѩµԸľѩ¹Ȼû˵ʲôĬϵõĴڡȴصذýܲΪ˷ʰɡ
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һǲģץ֣·Ϳ֤ҲΣǲ˻þ

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Ϊ˺˵飡
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ѩǳǳЦˣȻЦһһٵ˵Ůǧȷ

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ǸǵŮΨһӣΨһĺӡ
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