ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴתԻ˲κθ,֧棬ȨУ
ȨУغ24Сʱɾñ鲻빺鼮лߵ֧֣
Խħ֮ã£ ߣӣ 





İ 
Ůӵһװѧ뵽ѧԺ飬ȴ¿˷ӡλĽ֮飡λɢ䵽ʱա
ǣ鲻òһ¼еѧĪʼѰپħ֮á
һһͬ磬һһεľðգͬĹ£ͬȴǵĵʲô

Խħ֮á޸İȫܻЩطԭĲһŶϣҶש~

ݱǩԽʱ ռ ħʱ Ե

ؼ֣ǣ飬Ī  ǣλ  Խħọ́飬ʱ

  »Ϣ
ͣ ԭ--ܿʷ- 
Ʒ 
ϵУ ҹ*Խ֮
֮ ޸° 
½ȣ 
ȫ123360 


Ш.Ե

лҪ˵޸İŶӭש~~
ߴɼУԣŨܵͶһƬƬǰȺɽĻ£Ǳ㻪Ľӳһŷʽ۴αȣҫ½
ǡħѧԺһɫ仺زѧԺš
һɫɫпú·γĶԱȡĳϵɫС˿ǰ鷢紵ңհγĺӷ͵Ĺ͸β˵ĺ档
ħ磬ʵƽеһΪĵȺ⣬һֱʵ˲֪šΪ˲֮ƽ⣬ȥػ֮ƽ㡣
ǣ͵ħʦ
ħѧԺħħѧУ֮һ
˵һһħʦˣ˾̾ģȴħѧԺڲΪ֪ܡ
ǰ׳ľɫȷôһ˲Ĳ졣
ȥǰһߴûֵʱ롢ʱѭ浸صعţĲϣĹâеҫۡ
鲻۾
ӽҪˡǡǸ˵Ļ֮ȥΪʲôΪʲôһҪִأ
˳˼

ħܲ
£Ϊʲôҵǡƽ͵顣
û񣬾ǵħѧԺħʦʧٵ¼һͳĻزǽǰһϮɫĶŵؽǸ˵ȫڸסˡ
ħʦʧ¼ħдķ˵һλSħʦִڼĪʧ٣ͬһļλ߼ħʦҲɱˡ
ôص飬ΪʲôҪȥأ벻͸
ôش¼ֻһħʦʵ
ǰȷܲƽħʦֳУߣSĸȼSĵȼƣֻǸŵĵȼŸտȡħʦʸôһӾִôҪأ
Ϊʺϵѡ䣬桭ʼûнת
Ϊʲôһʵģ漴λʧٵSħʦҲţ齻ͬħʦȥ飬Ǹ𣿺ο졢СѩǣͬǳħʦΪʲôǵֻȥոԹ飬֮ģҡ
ˣϼľ˭Ҳ޷ı䣬ͣǡ˵ֹ
黹ЩʲôҲʵĴֻùԹԵر͡
Ƭ̣ڻڣΪڵ֮
֮
ԣһλʧٵħʦҲһص֮
¼йϵ𣿡ɻؿ
ԾҪȥ鰡˷һЦ϶Ϊһеа֮вֻһšȻȴʧ¼ˡ
˼Ƭ̣ãҡҡͷһǲףȻҪʧٵԭΪʲôҪħѧԺ
鱨Դ¼ĻʹߣѰħѧԺһܡͷ˼עĲ
ܣ
ԣԣҪȥ飬Ǹ˵֮ǰҵԭ򡣡˶٣ֻص⣬㲻ܱ¶ݣӲܱ¶Ҫʱ򣬲ʹħ
˵ҪװȥѧûҪװǳ鴤һ£ϸֳһ׳ѧ
һЦôףˡ


ӳ˼ת˼̧ͷͷĵĸоһð
ôˣΪʲôƫƫѡأǸˡ˵ʲôѵѧԺܣ
ԶߣɫϼӿֳԭտգȾһŨĺɫ
̾һˣȥУұɡ
ֹţԼǰ˼
žǡ
ͻȻʲôײϣһק㻬ƺûôˣһ˵ϣžȫ˳
δзӦһӰԴҴͷҲصǰȥ
ǰͬѧΪʲôҵ鶼ŪҲǸûò
û
ιǰǸСӣһǸ׵ıӰܻضţ˿ûŮشһ
Ǹײ꣬˺ͻȻͣס˽Ų߬߬Żתͷȥ
ɫĶ鷢ڷƮͬɫ͸źɫɵϣһĨЦڷ
ɶ񰡣ʱðɣСĺףŪ˱˵ĶǸԼһƵġ
գһЦ
ȵȣԼʲôԼաˣ
ޣ˵ʲô˭ǻգҧгݵض
ߣҼˣûô׳յģּѾʱ˺òã꼥һЦһۣ۵ӹһ˿мɫȻٴתͷҲصʧڽѧ¥Ĺǡ
찡ԭԼˡ
ʿ,벻̣һﲻײĶǸһ޵ˣеСڱˣСӣҸƲ

 лҪ˵޸İŶӭש~~




1.1.ͼ

ĪҸƲ˯ɵشһԾ𣬵ָ߾٣·ʲôҪԡ
žһһЦͷѾصذһ¡
˭ңһ˯Ѿȥ˰֣Դʵ۾ܻˡ
֪һһ
ڣȻͼҮͼͼݣġꡱһ£һô˵
С̧ͷöһ˫˸Źͬʯӣ˫ӵһص鱾׼ŵڶΡ
ˣȻԼͼһ˯ˣˡ
࡭೤ˡӲس˳ǣ¶һȿ޻ѿЦݡ
ղ˵ʲôţƲĪһ˿ÿЦݣڵɲĹ졣
ûûСæ֣תţ䵽ԱǶɢҵϣҡҼʰ˵ţɵСһǶǰæҵ
ټͼسһŵܣһŵܶտҲͼݵһǣҵͼѳһСɽ
ͼ鶼˯ţԴĿƴˡϿãǵãħĪ۴ԭ㲻ӲҲ⡭
Ҫ쵰һôù𣡡 һħ飬в˻磡
Լǽִģȴһˣÿ첻ҪУ԰ܵ飬ҪԸѲļһֱ˻ˣ
ƴè۵ĺȦޱȰյţֽһϡ
ŶĪƺ˶ߣ̧ͷһ˿ÿЦݣ˵ʲô
ʲôҲûУصһۣҧгݵ˵ƾʲôһ˴ɨͼݣ
˭㿼Բϸ񣿡Ī߰üëAֻһ˲ϸ񣬶һ0֣ǶǰӣУ벻ףֱôԽAأ
㡪
ԣھɨͼݣ⸽һҪ󡪡ħĪǡ
Լİɣ㽫߽ڵİɣ
ٺ١
ĥĥｫǧ顣
Īƺ˼ЦЦɰãٲ㣬½ҪҹŶ~ؽӽ飬Ƶǽǡ
㡭ʲô صףԸоĺůϢҡ
İɡĪһЦݣҲᡭɵȤġ
Ī ͻȻһޱ΢Ц
ţ
ȥ
ž
һ춯صľ죡ѵشǱء
飡 Ī˫ĿһɣǺģ㿴Щʲô
ɢһص飬㵵þþú£͡찡öǡ
ԡԲ𡭡 ӵصǸµĺӰһǡ
Ī߰˫üͼãͱ˯ˡ

ϲϢ˺ǡ





1.2.

ڡںˡ
ƣصڵϣ¶Ҹ΢Ц
ˡڿϢˡڸʲôصƣǣԺܣȻЦá
ʲôأﶼħģԼһӶ·ˣŻ벻
鷳ƵԴһƣԴ׵ض·򵥵ﶼ벻ˣصƵʲô
ƻϨ𣡡
žǸϵͼݵĵȻһȫϨ𣡸ոջƻͨͼһƬڰ֮С
ŶǡƻϨ𡯣ҾȻˡţһ΢Цشţƣ벻ѵӣ׼߳ͼݡ
ʲôﲻˣҪǡڿȥ˯ˣл찡~~~
סһȡ
ôˣ೤ˣ ʮֲͷػعͷȥҲѾŪﻹһȥ
㿴ĪûмŴ𻰣ָͼݵһǣɫص˵
һŶ𣿡 û˵ֻ롪˯
Ǳ Ī˳ǣûܹ𣿡
㡪ס˵ôһ˵һ飬ʱȫޣĪָķȥ
ǶŹŹͼƵڵţڻ谵˸Źӫ⣬ƹصĺڰвϱ任졢ȡơ̡塢ϡ





1.3.

⡭š龪Ŀ࣬ô֮ǰûп
㵱Ȼûп ĪЦžغе飬Ϊողų֡
⡭ţȫ֪룬ƻԡ
Ҫƣ Īһֱۣشţֻںҹ֡
ڸô
ȥŬŬ죬ǰ㲻ɡ
ңָԼʵľֱð亹ĵźôңƽء
ѵô Īʢ˵˫ü͸߲ʵĹ鿴˧ݵϷдż֣˭Ǳ
Ͷȥȥشڱ״̬ϱĳ۸һһɽıô죿ô֮ǰļǡԭα¶
вУԣһҪ̣̣̣ 
Դ̵Ųȥֵǰɢ
ιֲڹ꣬òã Ī󣬲ͷ˵
ءҺ£ ͻȻһಡشܵĪȥˡͰ͵سĪ½ǣ೤ˣҰɡšұ֤ҡԺҲˡ
ĪЦЦûд𻰣ֻǾֱȰڵš
ţׯϵǰڵͬɲĺҹҫĹâͬҹǳϢ
ĪһصؽŴţ˫ü
೤ ̲סСлô䡯
Ҫô׾㽫Ŵ򿪣ţҲòصذɣ ĪЦŷʡ

ǡСҪ򿪣ʲôض𣿲Ҫֻ˵һʲô֥鿪šͿˣͯġ
δ˵꣬ͼһ춯ص¡¡¡¡
ô£ ĪԳԾػعͷȥŷ֡
ȹصžȻѸٵȥ
ǰɣ˲ضһۣͬ
˿͸˹Ŀ󣬹ɢҫ۵ĹâȻɢʧ
ǡǡ ̧ı䣬ضǰľȻȻĪҲһŵӡ
ڿˣһɭɭңеʯϣһģĶ˸ӫ⡪ûһ顣
˸Ĺâɢ˲ݺӵľս
һ飿Ȼ͸ǿħ





1.4.֮

Ȿ顭ţһʯϵ飬ûʲôر𰡡
Ҷδ˵꣬Ѿƿˡ
ûʲôе鱾ĪһЦͼݵûʲôֻǡһ㡭
Īε̾˵Ҳǰ˵ǣش
Ҳ̫ªϣȴһȾȻںڰ֮УȴؿһС
֮顯Ȥضķ濴֪ƺҪʲô¶ǹħҮֵĿγǿȡħʦı޿γ̡
ţһҳһŹֶĿַӳһ۾Ϳˣ
ƽһжڽ俪֮ʱ
ղ˵ʲôĪüͷΧǽڣĵػش
ûʲôһϽε㱩¶ԼҺãûʲôĪķһۣѸٵͷĶϵݡ
ĵ˷ܣϸָ̽Ĵ֣˼仰ǷʾʲôǲǸйأӦôʹã
У԰ô죬ҲҪܷôȤ飬ȻܷŹ
˼Ƭ̣С૵仰ʲô˼롭ƽһжڽ俪֮ʱ
ž
䣬һ졪Ȼ쫷磡
ô£ 鼱æֻԴشš
յ˾޷磬е˴ĿĹâһŻ㣬롪ǱˣƯա
žҳεúҷţ̶죬ԽȫΧ 
ڸʲôͣ¡ ĪЪ˹سܿ챻쫷ˡ
鱻ǿ̵۾ε۵Ƥʹȫŷ򣡸˵ˣ
죡ֹͣ
ͻȻͣڰյߵҫ۵ĲͬɫĹâܷɢ
žһ죡
ߵâɢܳңٿһ
ߵâʧˣ
žһ࣬ԭͣڰ֮еתۼصˤ䵽ϡ
ղŵķ磬ղŵ죬ղŵһУʧĹһͬˣ
һлָͺոʲôûһ
ˣ̱ڵϣԴ죬۾ʧȥ˹ʰŵϵ鲻š
㡭û°ɣ ĪӵߵߣСʵֵͷ˿ɵϵ飬Ȿ飬֣˵ʲô㵽׸Щʲô
˫Ŀҡҡ
ͻء
ʲô£ͼݣɲǼõƻ֮ͨĿ־壬ţˣվһλźۡŮˣ͸Ųɿܵϡ
Ѽ١





1.5.鴫˵

⣬ôһ£Уɫۣںڳһ֧ӣʮׯšɫָϺ鱾ʵ 
۾һ⣬ֱˡ 
Уġδ鿪ڣĪҴˣҷĶ 
һȻҪȫƵϣιιҪҹҲ˼˯ôᷢ£˵ҽȥģ 
ߣҪǼ򵥵ͷԣڻ𣿡 
㡪Īʲô˼ 
ʲô˼ѵ㻹𣿡 
㡭 
ˣס죡Уˡ 
µĺӵصͷ 
ѽ飬ĪҲ㣡̫嶯±çˣ˼ѧУǿΣյħƷҪ㡭 
㣬ĪУĪϵЦ˲סˣѧУȷҪ󣬲ѧҹ߶ΪʲôҪ 
ǽڵķԸĪ 
ˣУ˫ü飬һԸǵĽ̸̸ 
Īƿԣֻվһߡ 
ûУ˻óأǿ֪ⱾĴ˵
˶һۣȻãҡҡͷһɻ 
Ȿ֮飬Ҳо֮飬ӡλľ顭Уһ£˵飬Ҫһǧǰ˵𡭡 
һǧǰ籾úƽദƽ֡ȻҪƻõһС ħ壬֮һƻߡǣ֪ʲôСԶаʼɣǿһУ෴֮ħΪʵԼҰġ ǡ˼ƻѪɣʬҰ龰洦ɼνĿģ󣬴ʼλ飬Ϊĺƽеķڴħ֮ ܲңħ֮֮ʱԼ߾һ񶾵䡪λ齫ӡڡ֮顯У֮֮ʱѽ֮ա󣬾֮ħѧԺ֮УӦǺܰȫģǣÿ߾鵮ӣͻֹ⡪ǿߵѧԺϽѧѧУεԭû뵽ǡ 
У˴Ϊ𾪡ɫ԰ףôǸǲġ 
ȻġУص˵ͷ龪ʧɫı飬ֲҲûôء˼˵ķӡ߾ͻᱻ¿δѾһĲãЧ᲻룡ʵħ֮ƽ⡣У 
ʱе岻ֱð亹ĸо漴ӵģ漴㣡 
Ҫңеľ飬Ҳǳô鷳ɣû뵽Ȼ˵أԼ 
ɱĳĬŵսѹţΧĿϡ͸ 
ĪҲĬصɫ׽
вȵķУ˶¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ
Ī̧ͷ
УüɫԪ磬Ҳ˵ɣ
Ԫ磿кܶ࣬ͨ˵ǲһռ䣬һ˼Īɵؿڡ
У˵ͷ⡣Ԫ磬Ƕʱάƽأͨ˲ܷ֣Ȼʱ䡢ʷԲͬǣǽġ
ѵУ˼ǡɫ԰ףЩѾɢʱա
УɫأԣԣǱ뽫·ӡ
ʲô˼ͻȻе岻ԤвƵشĵð
˵Щɢ뵽ͬ磬Ǳ봩Խͬ磬ܽ·ӡ

Ҳ˵ÿ磬ʹһա
ˡ 
գĪǰУҪȥգ
һ죡ը˹
ˡУĳǣҲӦΪԼΪΡ 
ǣУĪޱػشͳ 
Ȼѡ 
ţҪ벻ͬʱȥӡ飿ҪҪķѺܶʱ䣬Ҳ֪Щʲô񡭡
񲻻ķ̫ʱ䡣У·͸˼룬۹˶꣬˵ֻһ˲ѡ⣬Ե⣬ǲõģȥȻö
죬ЩʲôȴҲǡɣڲ˵ЩʲôˡĬˡ
ˡӦýˡУɫǵ񣬾Ҫͬʱգþδӳ֮ǰҵλ顪飬ľ飬Ҫλ·ӡ֮顯ڣЩ飬δѾľ֮ѾѾľ顣ĪҪЭΪһ˵ʼǲġҪСģе磬Ҳеļ򵥡𣿡 
Ĭص˵ͷ
һһ⡣УɻĿ䵽ϣΪʲôʶϵ֣
֪鱻У飬ǹԺҡҡͷҿʱֵͳˡͳ˷룡Ȼ֪̫ǣǿˣŪȥûϵɣԼһ򶼱ȽϡͿ
Уζһۣ̾һҲû׷ȥ
˶٣ֽ˵ˣղӦõ˴ʱ䣬ûжʱ˵ЩʲôˡڣӦǳˡ 
ڣ˳Ծضš 
ԣУնص
΢У컹ҪϿΡ
ˣˣʣµ飬һᴦãֻҪȥѰҾͺˡУ˵ţָϵľ֮飬УϣסҪӡڶӦҳϡ 
Ŀ漴䵽֮顱ϣ֮һ𣬿յҳֻ֡ 
̾һ뻳С 
סÿһڣܶ45졪Уһһߴһָ 
𡪡 
𡪡˵ΧϳһɫУ˽Χɫߣ 
Уһû45졪ǲ̫ˣ 
ģ45죬˵Ǽ飬Ǹ̵ʱ䡭 
ôĪɻڷж϶𣬡ʱ䳬45죬ᷢʲô£ 
Уصص·˼ʲôСǵḺɲǸʧ⣬ջҷ𡭡
𽥵ͳȥͻȻҪСġˣڣ뿪ʼǵó̰ɣһǻ 
磬ÿҪһûڣɫһܣȫΧ󡭡 
ɢɢɫ˿ڻΪС
ɫƣ
ϢĸоԽԽŨ 
صĺɫռ䣬ͻȻоĿ־塪
ںڰҪû˼һ̣˵ĶȻһ
һվǺ֮顪ꡣ





2.1.Ѫ

лҪ˵һ¸ŶǹѪ~O~
ҹɫʡ
쬵ҹ磬Ʈŵӻңشŵߵɳɳ죬ڹصҹɫµҡҷĹӰ
¹£ʵĳǱעĿҹϢ䵽ȵϣģ˴ĸо
߸ߵĳǽϣԼʮŮȣ˳ǽ¶̨ϣһִɫףһҲܽεƾɵ鲼·źܶಹͷһ鲼ŵذţʵʵƺΪ¶ʧɡ
־ĸоռģţ岻ػܡһҧƺ¶˾ץסӣ˳ӻ£;ʱ򣬲֪ǲ㣬ͻȻһɣͨһصصڳǽĲݴ
ͬʱȵͷһͻȻķ紵ˣƵĳٲк£ںҹ˸ŵĹâ
̫ˣѾ˷ˡ
ȾֵصһҲ˲ϵʹԼͷ𷢣ײײһԵĲݴȥ
ϤϤ䣬ϤϤ䡭
ס˽ŲӽӲɫӽǰ߸ߵĲݴԣ׵¹ӳҰ׵ļĿ־壬һʱȫ¶ıϡ
һڶ£ҧŷ׵촽Ƶͷҹ紵ҡ
ž
ݴͻȻһ죬߸ߵĲҵҡһɫӰ͵شܳصصԱߣ

Ⱦŵصڵϣŵغ˫ۣǻģҪɱңҪ㣬ˣԭҡҪҵѪҪҧҵĲӣ㣬~Ҳˣˡ
ˣȻһźͲ
סƬ̣۾ʱӳһİס
һµŮѩһǣͷ۾ȴǺɫģ
Ⱦȵú£ͣ㡭
Է¶Ѻõ΢ЦֽǸɫĶ뻳ſԭһ飡
֣ŮһҲˣΪʲôҹһι䣿üġ
ڷŮƺ֪ԼͻεسЦЦ죬˵Щʲôҡ
˭˭ ԶͻȻһ
ȵͻһձ㵯һǸŮܣһ߼૵⣡ҪˣϽϽӣ
ôǣڷŮȻͻľٶˣŵе㷢
㵽һָ΢ŷߣʾҪ
ڷŮĪؿԵò֪룬ֻĬĬص˵ͷ
ǰһ󼱴ٵĽŲͻȻȻֹ
иСŲŲӣҪ̽Դ쿴ʱ򡪡
꣬ꡣ
ǸŲٴ𣡲ҡ
ȵٴսǸŲȻģԽԽˡ
ˣഽףһԶð
ͻȻʲôһֻůס֣һůĴһתͷö˫ǳᶨӡ
еľƺ˲٣죺㡭
ǺǣС㣬Ȼܣĵӿ治٣һЦ͵ͷ
Ⱦʧɫ̧ͷͷϸһƬơһɫ˲֪ʲôʱѾվǰ԰׵ɫϺ˰׷ۣ۾˸Ų̷Ĺâ
Ⱦؾһˡ
ޣﻹһͬ飿Ŀ䵽ԵǸڷŮϣƬ̣ӶЦ
ӵıΪЦŤͬ԰׵֣һ򿨵ȱƽɣȣһȥˡ
ȵԺͿһûиоˡʶָ̧̧ǸŮһѣܵʱͻȻһײһߣǸɫӰɿشܵǰ棺Ը
ȴһǸڷŮ
ֻгЦЦдʣȻǸ֣ǡ
ˣȫãڷŮɫˢر࣬ؼǲŵضԼ֣ΪʲôʧЧˣ
Ǻǣں˵Ľ˭ҲӳȥɭЦЦһ죬¶һԡ
ۣڷŮһĸղŵļᶨ̬ؼ˵˿ϣ˫ۡ
Ǿ͹ԹԾͷɡ
ʱ鷢ˣӵȻֹס
ĶҲ˰գ΢΢ţɫŹ֡
Ƥƺɳɳɳʵϣʹţϵı飬ŤŤա
ŻȱˣȻ˳ʧӰ٣
ȿһĻ㵵˵һ仰
ô£ڷŮ𽥻عɻգգۣע⵽Զ𽥻̫
ԭˡ

 лҪ˵һ¸ŶǹѪ~O~




2.2.¶

Ů֪ضһۣòȻЦ
û°ɣڷŮߣСʵ
ҡҡͷ
ˣҽܣãҽ飬ĿԽС飡ŮʲôȻһЦ
ҡҽпȡ㶣ɫ¶ɻ󲻽ɫС㣬㲻˰ɣôֵط
šǴӶģ·죬ոջͬʧɢˣԲ֪͹䵽 ͵˵ûȴ滰һٻ˵ԼǴһġ᲻ὫԼأ
ԭͬؿһۣӰȻ˺档
ˣղŵǸ˭Ϊʲô׷ɱ㣿ΪʲôͻȻʧ룬̲סԼʡ
ȵɫٿرò԰ף΢΢һòµشӴ֮伷֣Ѫ
Ѫ˼ǡӷɿת˹Ҳʧɫѵ˵ղŵѪ
Ⱦִٲص˵ͷɿɨһ飬֣ɣ뿪ط͡

һ·ϣȲԼҵһڶ˴ŵ˽⡣
ԭĵطһصĹңʱ15ͣѪʢе
ҵһط˷ܵ˵Ҳѹֿȸղſô棬ûмͷ۾ˣҲǺġԼǸ硪15͵ŷޣȷʢѪĴ˵ѵҲ൱Ǹʱŷޣ硭ͬǸ硣
صĳоǶڹ֮ϵһ飬۴αȵķţֵ߰С̯ƷĿˣҲﲻ
ضֲȽ̸
˵±ɱԴӳǱܳǺܲңܵĹУǱѪūͷˡ
ѪȺս˵Ȼںܾ֮ǰѪֻˣǶ׷壬ǵôǿ󣬼жǻˣԲҺΪص¶֮һõʲôȻǵĳеսʿһǵĳУҪÿһŮĳǱǽȥŮͣʵǵͣ
ΪΪ¶һѪ
һԺȴ˳˼ˣʵ̫бˣѪص᲻Ǿ飿δѾľ֮
ظŷһǹŴŷ޲ԳǱôгС
ˣˣȻŷ޵һʷԴи֡
11-12͵ʱũūΪ˷ѹȣӳǱۼͨȫɿĵطЩԽĵطö֮γ˳Уŷ޳еɣ
صĳеγɣ᲻ԭ
²оЩʱ򣬵֮ǾҵʧɢĪ
뵽鲻м꣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôᵽһط˵ȻУħӦòʲôö˶˵ģôһԽ͸ʧɢأҾǷҲûʲôͷҺþ֮黹ԼǶȻײѪҪˣѾԼǷһĵù

ȴصԼļҵʱ򣬲³塪ȵĸײûеľϲֻǻ̻Ȼغţʧɫص۾ָſȣ㡭ôˡ
ףǿȣŮף㲻ϵˣϵ˷֮ɫһʧӰ٣ȡ֮һĲ죬Ȼ
ûĵغţʹĵطΪʲôҪΪʲôҪΪʲôΪʲôҪ۳еǣ
Ҳʶ㣡Ҳʶ㣡ߣߣ󣬲³һһŰʾ򿨵ȥ
Сġ龪һæǰһƿڴ״̬Ŀȡ
һ룬СһҾ徵ļУ
Сʡ
ƫе顭
ι壬ǲëŮ㲻ˣߣöͷϱҳС̲סɤӿʼйһ˴൹ù飬ʵ̫ˬˡ⣬ʵڲףΪʲôԼŮȥ
㡭˭³忴֮ͣ΢űݵˮôǵʹࣿ
סɫʹ࣬ǰȥ
㡪߿ûŮ³˦֣ȴֹס£ô飬ȴʵȫ¶
ҡίҧ´ߵӰѩ׵Ϲ䣬Բ𡭡
վһԵ鵹ǿˣ³ŮؼҲˣҪߣҲеǸ³˵Բ𡱡뿪ڽѵ³ʱͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
ˣˣ³壬¶˾ӣ˵ҪǽܵŮͣȻͽǳе˶ɱ⣡һȴ˼ż
ܵŮͣ˵һ˵ȡ
ȣ㲻˵¶ѪôСӣͻȻðһɫĹľ
Ŷ¶ĳǱﲢǶѪҲΪˡ˵òĿԼĸһۣȻ΢ЦС㣬ʶ˵õһҴµĻԼȥֲɣطʺ㣬ҵͬ󣬾͸Ͻ뿪ɣԽԶԽá
龪㵵죬ԿȵһеĪȡ
δ˵꣬ԴһеһţǰľԽԽģǰһڣػ˯ȥ





2.3.ҹóǱ

ѹʱѾҹʱ֣űľ崲ϣ¹͸ľ䵽ϣϢ
ɫâʹ۾ػ˻ԴԼѡ
ȣָʶͻȻʲôżһӴһԾ𣡵ȴԼʹĥٴεصϡ
ϣʹˡźףʹ죡̫ɶˣҪҲ㰡ĪôҪأȵȡʲôطˣǲ³Сݡ
ءɻʱԼԼش˿޵ޣ·˵һҵĹ£ܱܾ
ʹĵ˴ɫŵ߳Сľݡ

壿أ󾪣СƺҹİһУʲôҲûз
ֻǣݵƽ
³û԰ǰĴ£¹ȴ¡
³壿鼱ˣǰҡ
³ɫһ䣬ʲȻ¹ⷢ
ôˣ˵
ѾصѾȥĵط³૵˫һƬãȻ
ʲô䣬Ѿ㽫ͻسǱȥˣΪʲôˣŮ
ΪҵŮҲŲò³תͷϲʹɫС㣬㲻˰ɣȰ㣬뿪һУòҪܡ
һǷˣҡͷôŮסˣҲ˵ȥ
³վ̾Ϣһһ£ôףӻˣͬڸ¶Ҫѱ䣬ʱнڹǳУôǳеǾҪˡ
Ѫ𣿡³˶٣һص顣
ɵص˵ͷǰţڡˡ
¶һѪ´⡢ľƵȶԸѪĶΪ˳еİȫֻҵŮǸѪҲϵҲ޷˵ţƺԽԽԶˡ
ΪͿǵĳн𣿡䲻ˮ
㡭˵ʲô³ɫ΢䣬Ȼؿ顣
һĲ³壡һ벻Ϊ˳Ǹʲô¶Ϳóаɣʵֻаգ
룬ȥǵͼŮӣҲԻһİȥ֪жٸĸҪʹˡҹǵҰģеļ򵥡һ˵һһ㶣Ϊʲôأ
Էˡ³ĵ˵¶Ҫ֪ǳսʿҲˣӴû˸ȥǱս
¶ô𣿡㶵ġ
³ĬĬص˵ͷ
ɲһƬ֮С
¹Խ䣬ˮһ㣬˵ķʶһƬ˪䡣
ȥãڿڴ˳ĬһƬëǰĲ⡣
Ļﻹ˲³𾪡
㣿ȵشƺţ
ԣȥȳȣҡͬǼ飬һ˰ɡ̧ͷ˿ϵɫӦҹɣȵˣһӿȵΣվͻһ̫֡ãǼ顭ûаء
һŮӡ
³壬㲻Ҫֹҡҡھͳ³壬͵ûмҰɣң˵ҵǱ
ĪûĵļһͲҪˣԺˣ
У³ԥؾܾѸǰס֣ҴӦȣȥðաϽططӦá
ͻȻһɣʱеȫصȥ
㡭Ŀɿڴ顣
ſ֣غţǸеԵüᶨ³壬ͲҪֹˣ飬ҪȥܣҡһҪ
³ǸŮıӰɢŵɫâ·Ůһ㡣
еϣĴڡ

ڵĳǱΧǽ⣬һӰԱߵĲݴУʧˡ
̧ͷ˸߸ߵĳǽƬ̣е㲻֪롣ΪҲӳȥĵطҲһȥڵƺ
˼ɫħ˿ָð
ü֪ﲼн磬˷䣬û뵽Ӱô󣬴󲿷ħƺѹסˣ䡭ֻάСʱ
˼ŸǱǱĿⲻ䵽Ǳںڵľ֮ϣ۾ʱһˣ

ӿĴһ䡣
֮飬ԭɣǹģΪΪ˾Ȼؿȣվھ֮ϣȻ󡭡
ջؾ֮飬ССرǸ¡
ƺܿ䣬һǰһŴܾûסˣĿﻹŵѪζ
ӣҪ뿪ʱ򡪡
˵𣿽һŮˣͻȻ̸һҽŲطһҲ߶ʮһ굽¶
˵ˣǸŮͻ󵨣̺˿ңѪĽһŮ
˵ǸŮĽҪˡ
̣ϧҿĲء
Ǻᱳߡˣû˵ӹŹˡ
ǰÿҹʮʱиķͻᷢĺĹâ˵üȥ͵ء
ǲǵҹմĵ䣿Ҳ˵ˡֲ黹ǲҪȥܺˡ
ԶȥĽŲ鳤һϽӴ
ˡҲѪɣƺܾǸʲô¶˵ġʲô᲻ᡭйأĺĹâƺܷϺ֮
֮˵һΡ֮飬.amberǿػ顣߾ǿ֮һȨ塣ʹħʱֺܻɫĹâԺ֮ơ
ڵĺ֮飬ǳ˯ľ֮Ѿľ顣
ˣȥ
¶⣬龲ĵ߳˷䣬ʶذסǴԽʱͻȻĶȻðĶעδ϶õɣ
ǱߵһŻеĳȣֱһֱţʧԶڰĽ䡣ûдǽϣȼŵ⣬ںڰԾ֣ӰŵĵӰӣɭ
鲻һս
ųǱߵ߰˸䣬ҲûһˣһѪ鲻⵽ǱǰƽԼĶǣ
ҹմĵ䡭
ûˣ
һǰͣס˽ŲϸشŷţһȸԼףԼ׵ţڵϵ෱ӵĻƣҹĻзѪڣҪ
ǡûк˸󣬴Żûʱ
һš
֨ѽһű׵ƿˡ




2.4.

лҪ˵~ҸЩ~
û뵽ôһšɫĹâϴӷӿҫһʱۡ
һ˼˷䣬顱ؽŹϡ
Źŵһ죬ɫҲ֮Ȼȥ
ʶԼĴ󡪡ţ
£Ҳ˿
ˣħƽϽɫĹâָǣܶһεǽڣħ˿δţͺһͻȻʧˡ
ôˣѹָղһҲûУѹô׾ͿԽǵĵ
ôô⣿ﰵпࡣ
ò侲ãߡһֻȴġӡȻдķһӽսذףתȥ
ǼĶȴһ
֪ǺɫԴˡ
Ǹɫˮ
ĸ̨ϣ۶Ŀˮ򾲾ںɫеϣСع۲ˮ͸ĺɫԼԼԼģĵӰˮ,ƺкɫĻȼգѤõ̻һ˲䡣
ǡĿתضˮ
Ȼеľ֮־ҵض 
ȵĻڴʹѸռ
ۣһԥضеľ֮顣
ɫĹ⡭
֪ûпˮˡ֮˸ɫĹâ
Ŀַɿ䵽ǸɫˮϣȸԾһ¡
ô˵
ˮǡ
ѹ˷ֽܵҪˮʱ򡭡
ҵĿˣ𣿡
һϷʵЦ󷽴
һ䲻ش˸飬Īĺļ
ž
ˮôһеϵµµعһ˫¡
ţ
̧ͷĿ˳˫һֱƶǱһǧʯͷһһӰһڡ
һ޳Ӱӳ
͸ߴźɫƤ𪣬˳ǳɫ촽ȴ쳣ޣر˫ɫ˫ͫеޱȿ
㡭˭ŵԼؿڣʼ޷ǿſֹƽϢ
仰ӦɣС㣬ΪԵ޹ʴҵĳǱԷüԵģƺڡ
㡭ǡǸ¶Բ۾
˾Ǹ̬ɵĽɫǳªޱȵ֣ôѪ
¶ЦһĿͷϣ㣬ˡ
㡭ʲô龯˺󼸲۾ȴһֱµˮ
Ǳʧ˺üŮӣǲɵģĴ߹һĪЦݣ·촽һɫѪ
ʲʲôŮӣҡҲ֪еԼҪˡ
㣬ǲҲõص
Цһҹõ壬һƽ
ľҪӿʱȴѪضסϸ
ſҪкʱ򣬾㵵ط¶ɫ˫ͫȻĺޣצУϹһĨ̵Цݡ
Ҳõҵģҵġһεѹѹ飬еǰδеΣУ֪ǲۻΧĿƺȾһĺɫ
Ҫɱ
͵䡪Ѫצ
Σͷ֣һ̧֣һѿڶɻ
һʱ䣬տķȻҲ׷Ʈ˻꣬ʽĻ곯ŶԷȥѩһһء
죡ʲôô໨ʲôӦʹþйԵ
ҺãԵ¶һЧʱ䡪
ˣһ̣͵ǰһ壬ϵˮѸٱڡŶӳɹ

ĿĵڳǱţ֪ܶԶҲ֪ҪȥҲ֪Ǹ¶ʲôʱ׷ƺǱҵĽŲͽкǡ
죬죬ǸŮˡ
ҸղſǸطˣ
ץǸŮˣͣ

һˡҲѪ
վխСͨϣļ١
ˣô죿ӣˣΪߵĵ·شƺƴĽŲƴˣУʹõʱͿ쵽ˡ
ѵҪΪѪǵͣ˻ˮΪ¶ɪɪ
Ҫ
Сʱħüʧеʣħʧ
ŲԽԽӽˣ޴ߣ岻
ͻȻоһִֻ˹ͻȻסˣ
ֻһӾͽӲͻȻһͳůϢƣͲҪ
һǡ
еԼһ˫סˡȵȣ治ǽ
ɻʱȻǽڣ
ǵǽڡȻһţ
Ÿս뵽Ǹ䣬ǰǵͻȻֵָֻɱǽڡ
䲻ͬڸղķ䣬쳣˲ظеģеů
Ī㡭ôعתŴ쾪ضס˸ղžǸˡ
ǸҲ벻ˡ
ԽһֱﰡĪɫԲ԰ףƺûкܺõϢһǺˣ㣬ôôòҵȻһı
㡪һҲ˲ϷѵԽǲûʧɢֻǽصƫĽ䵽˳Ǳϣ
֪ž飿
ѵойɾ޴𣿡Īʢ˵һۣ˵㱿֣
鱻Ǻƿԡ
ˣѪͻȻʲô˼شǸɫ԰׵ӣ¶мŶ˵ѪƤǰģ᲻Ѿ
䣬ԴѾصذһ¡
ѽңίԴ
ӻôϣĪؽѵҪҳѪһҧľ㣡
ŭͬʱҲеȣô죬ôûǷ֣ 
Ϊ㱿
ָʲôϵޱߣɨĿ䵽ĳطͻȻȣ
ȥĪס˼þҪȥ飬ЩŮ䣡
Щ
侲ŷ֣ʽķڣ˿֮⣬ۼʮŮӣǶɵСһľȻضڽһȫͳһʽĿʧ
ôͻȻǸ̬˵ĻŮʧ١ԭĪһɵģ
Īһ֪ҴӵｫǾȳʱѾˣԻһ
ǡǸʲôĿ䵽ǰһȼյĻϡͬͨĻ棬Żǵĺɫңôࡣ
ǣҪϨˡ
Īǡ̫֮档
̫֮棿ٴδһ
̫֮桪Ļ֣һа֮ĵ˿֮⣬Ҫط
ѹĪôҲûб֣
ǣ̫֮Ҫħά֣Ǳ֮ǰ˷Ҳܡ
࣬¡Īش첽ŻȥָֻͷŽͣһҧ
һʺѪҺν˳ɫĻǵõ˼ȼյĶ䡱һܵøߣȼյøҡ
ѪˣʹѪҲά̫֮ȼգȱҪʱѪҺĪȻ뵽Ѫȥά̫֮ȼգֲøղô
ιŵʲô˼ʱһ˼
Īָָһֱסĺɫˮ
ţͷһ¶һЦݣŵˮǰ˻ΣûУûѾĺ֮Ŷ֪˭ıô죬Ҳûҵ
ȷľ𣿡Īζؿһۣ˵ΪҪˣ˺ܶٵġ
Ȼ֮鶼зӦˣмٵ𣿡һЦóľ֮飬ЦݸոѸٵϣô֮ûзӦ
žһ죬ˮصصڵϣµµعһԡĿɿڴǸɫˮ򡪡һȻȥԽԽģհһƬ
ˮٵģ
Ц̫˰ɣ
ǡΪʲôղš֮зӦ
죡Ǹ
ȻǼٵġԱĪЦΪǸࡣ

 лҪ˵~ҸЩ~




2.5.

Ǹࡣ
Ī仰Ķߣþòɢ
ࣿôܣ
ʲô֤֤ǸһࣿûɵĿĪһҲ̫˰ɣҲ֪
ĪΪȻǣ˹طʵʲô֤Ǹأ
ᡣˣŮж̣
ϸϸһ־û˵ѣǣ鵱ȻԼĴ󣬡˵Ūأ
ιҸİɣ
ʲôģ̧ͷȵؿĪӶ·ˣʱ򻹴ģ
Ӷ·һĶ࣬˫ͬˮγĺɫ˸ûзֵĽâҸľǲǸѪһҪӦӮһһô
ã龯شΣһҧȻӦˣ
ɻ䣬ѾˣΪĪдż֡ϵˣ
ڣˣֻܡݺѪ̡У˵ģĹڳ嶯˰~
ǡǽ֤ʵ٣ӲͷƤʣδһ̣֪أ 
Ī˼ȼճʢ̫֮棺֪ѪµĶ𣿡 
ͷ˵֪йص⡭صļwww.2 7t x t.c o m ( ȥ С ˵ )ṩÿС˵Ŷ
ȻѵѵҪ
ûĪ˼նص˵ͷһҪɱȡˮ֪ǾԴȪ
ԴȪ˵ô϶òãǻûȷǲġȻе㲻ˬͻȻʲôһǡǲ³߹ңǸʲô̬⣬ѪµĶ
Īüģͷ˼˺һŻ̧ͷǰδеļᶨʹܸƻԵ˺ֻҪһ˿ϣҲܷŹ
ҡˡףﻹôһСĺ£ĬĬעǶѳɫĻȥ
档
ɣȻ֮ǰ嵽˻ǰسذףһɵõһ
ʹ
ʺɫѪҺָ䣬䡪
һӴܵøߣǻĵӰǽϷԾƺˡ

ۡʹ˱Լ˵ָһӣΪʲô˵
һʱ嶯ǻ˵ģ
Ҳû˵ҪΪ̫֮ȼϰ~ĪֻһۣЦ
ݺݵһۣû
˲һ̲סһڣιЩǲŮ뿪᲻Σգ
ӦòᡣĪҿ϶ҡҡͷǸ䣬뿪Ǳ󣬾ͻȫ
ģƽȥɣ鵣ĵʵҲѹͣˣǵҪȥô죬ȵҡ
ĵطֲݺύͨ·һԹÿһͨͨͬĵطһߴˣͿԶ߲ȥ
ĪͨתͨϤ̶ȾٲȻǱˣ֪ˣΪҲһԱء
ĲɵţԴװֵĶ
飡
ӴͻȻݺݵײһӲĶ
ĪˣͻȻͣײʹıӣûе˼תͻȻһƣƽһĳխĶѨ
Ҫʲô
ͲҪҽУľֻûüڣͱӲر˻ȥ
ϱտڲԣڵĶڣ̲ס£ǲ뻢ѨɵûأһѨȥ
˳ǸѨҲ֪˶ԶͻȻǰһĹ㣡
ǳ
ϲǼӿٶȣǰȥ
һ㡭һ㡭
ˣ
ȸԾһ£˺ĶڣͬʱоĪҲԱߡ
һӿ˹鲻Ӧ۾ϸشĵط
ͷյˮ˸ǹ⣬ԾĻڰɫĻ֣ӰӵӰڹǽϣ͸һ˿졭
ͨĸطģҹˣʵ
ͨ˵ķ䡣˽ӻ
ǺǣǸ̬ף԰ĪΪʲôӡˡеԾת
һŲ԰׵׺Ȼӳ
ɫĳɫ˫ǡ
С㣬ȻģˡôҪõôЦݺݵش̼񾭡
һӽԭأ 
Ǹ̬
¶һ˿̵ɱ⣬ֱмɫˣɭɭƻӳĹ졣
㡭ʲô㡪Цݣ鲻ëȻƵؾһĺš 
¶˫ź촽΢΢𣺡һûôˣʵ벻ͨƾһˣôҵĳǱȥ硣
ʲôĻʲô˼
һˣǻĪ
΢΢һ㶣ʱѾ˵ĪߣԸоеůеĿ־Īؼ˰֡
̧ͷĪֻ΢΢һŵ΢Ц˵һޱ𾪵ܣ
֪¶ΪʲôֻŮӵѪ𣿡
Ĩ˵ߵůϢ˲ʱǧ꺮̹ǡ
Ϊˡ




2.6.Ѫ

¶ˡ
ĪĻħƶϻԺС



ѹղŶĪţԭ
ʶҪһ㣺Ȼ¶ˣôӦĪȥԸŶ԰ôҪʲôأ
ΪңҲ˺Ī·ԣӽʱǰذף̽ţ
ңԲ۾˳ûħһֻǣŵĳޣڱ״̬ôȥ
еģ㣡Ī𻰣һѡ
һƣվȵһӵ¶ġ
۾ɵøˣ鶼ˡ
ĪһȻôӣļһ쵰
ղ˵ʲôţ㡱΢΢һһ˵Ļ
ǣǸλõݺܿ챻ָˡ
СȲ𣿡
¶ĳָشӣһŲѵŻָ㣡
ôȲΪҵ𣿿ǣڲŶ
Ҫȴڻĸо·ѪȵϢ˱Ƕ񣬶ȴǾ¡
ԼʹҪѪ
šſŷ֣޷
ȥ˫Ϭ̫ˣֺµ޷ȥݣԺհһƬͣڳ亹ĸоѾľˣԼûв֪
ô죿ô죡
ڣĪ󼱵ôС
ţ˵ʲô˵ʲô
㣬õ𣿡¶䣬һСͣٺͻȻ¶ɭЦݣǺðɣҾȫ㣬㽫ΪġԶںҹѪ塭
䣬ͻȻһգɿشȡЩʲôѸײڶ֮¶ȥ
¶һ˿һ䣬˳صĹ
˻
صˤ˵ϣȻеذյýġһϽԼֱۡ
ֱֻϣذ׻һôĿӣʺɫѪҺϴðֱʵϣǺˣ
ȻɱңõĲͷ˰ɡ¶һ˿мΣյĺ⡣
˺ܶѪ᲻᲻ʧѪ
ӺƮƮģҪʧһ㡣
ԼҪô
ΪʲôԼˣĪŵĺһ룬־Ѿסˣ㡭˺öѪ
û£ҡ򶨣еͷһ˲㵡
ʲôĪɻüĿͷһҲɵóһ
ֱϵ˿ھȻԶˣ
ôܣ
ҲѪƺֻھȣ¶һ˿ĥɫŵصֻѪĲžпٵ޸ǲܣ谭Ѫ˿ڵĸԪٶȣѪҺģ㡪ʲôˣ
ҲŪ⵽ô£ŸԼڵйأѵԼĲʲôˣʲôˡԺһͻȻ뵽˶ԸĶԲߣ
Ҳʲôˣ¶ޱ𾪵ĿУٺһЦ 
ǡһ̣Ȼ߽Ůˣ
ͬʱеذͬǰɳ׼ȷֱ¶ţ
ˢ
ɫѪҺĴɽкЩϡ
ģ顣
Ǵ㵣ӶЦЦ˼Ƥ
ιЦʲôüͲԼ˼һˬؿӺòãôҲӰɣؿڴѪֱܣôЦóءơ
ΪҪˣ¶ͻȻֹͣ˴Цҧгݵص飬Ŀ·Ҫأ
СѾͷ̫͹ˣͻȻγǰذףֱȥ
ʧɫæ
ǣذ׻ǲĲӷɹʹ漴Ϯæ һĨʺȾġ
СѾͷŭˡ¶ɫ˫ٿػĺޣצָޱȵĳ
ȻоһŨŨɱƽѹȵ
Ծˣؿ¶˵צҪεĶƺϼθ׺ݣӺԥ
ôһ˲䣬Ķ·˸һͣסˣ˫۵Բֻצϳֻض˰գɫ˲ʱȻȥΪҰĻǡ
ô£ɻǰ˼ڻĹƣֲߵ̫
ʱ򣬺ɫѪҺ͵ش¶սӴر˲ʱҳڿ֮С
ذϡȻѪôܡȻ֮ģ˵⼸֣һŰ׹ͻȻɢɢսû
ٿصأѪҺһ𣬻ؼĳ
ʧͬʱֻ㡱һ࣬ͻȻֳɹ⻪ɫĹâ䣬һȭͷСĺɫˮ򻺻شǰ𣬡ಡһͻȻˮڲˮȼˣ





2.7.Ѿľ֮

лҪ˵лл֧~O~
̫ͻȻˣλʱ˻ûüӦ
ͻȻһȣ
Ǿ֮飡
æóľ֮飬ȻǱɫźɫ⣬ҫ۵ĹâƺҪһʵ
ˡĪǷӦȻݲȵߵǰ΢Цô˵ҪӦһˡ
Ըķ䣡˵ã˵Լ̲סһûʲôæֻվһ죬ҶԸ̬Ҫ㣬һĸԸȥȻԼ
ԼҡĪָֻһ֮˼ּ֮ɫ
㡭ãҧҧôҲ߹ԼҪͲҪˣʲô˵
ҡʱû뵽뵽ٸɡ
ιҲ̫˰ɡ
ˣһ˵
ͬʱס
¶ˣ
Ŷ˵߻Ҫƣı䣬ȱҪ
˳ԴȥЩţ㡭ʲô
ȼŵĻ滺ػΣŽɫĹâ󣬻滯ǧֻܷɢɢ
һλ췢ĴӻѿǶĺɫ㷢Żǹ⣬ĺƻ͸˿˿Ըе촽һֱߣһɢɫͷһ͵ӡǣɢĹ⡭
ôҫ۵Ĵڣ
Ҳôһ˲ʧ
ʲô˫ֽǰüëһ߰ط
ž
ش⣬æҵؽ֮ӵ˵ϣƴ֣һ߾̣
ޱɻؿĿɿӹ֮飬ɫȻ䣺㡭㡭Ǿ֮顭
ͻȻһ˿٩Цݣˣ뽫ҷӡôЦӡںڰ˰꣬Ϊһȥ𣿡 
֮꣡Īͬؽ
ȻǺ֮飡˵鲻ǺССһ˫͸ĺʽĳôô˧ô硭
΢΢鴤һ£ò˼顣
ĪǰһĿƺЩˬ
һЦĿƣҲӣǲϰݵİɣԡ
̧֣ɫɱ⣡
㡭Ȼص˼
ҪʲôУ˵鶼Ǻôô鿴һ㶼ơ
飡
һŻָۣ
СģĪһһ顣
ǡ
Ǹٶʵ̫ˣǻڻĹΧ֮ڣ⼸ӵʱڣЩʲô
ħˡħ
Ͻǡ
ȻǱС硱ĴڣǾͿʹħ𣿺òƽ
ƴسĪ䣬شһҪ
ʱ򣬲˼鷢ˣ
ǸҪʱͻȻٹ䡪
飡
ײǽϣըˣ
ħʧЧ
Īͬʱ̧ͷꡣ
þȵĿ飬ȫǾ㵺Ͳŵ飬ã̧֣СظԼͷϵǸǣţͺڸԼİˡ
Ѫ֮ԼĪһĨ⡣
ʲôѪ֮Լ鲻
ԭ㻽ҵġǸ߰ꡪ֮ͻȻһЦӺǿѹѹȻһɫĹâವطɽ˾֮顣
â˸󣬾ָֻ֮ƽ
ʲôһ£һ龪ȵʰϵľ֮飬ŵš
ʵ̫ˡεսȻòħ˳ò˼飡
Ѫ֮ԼĪ˼ؿڣһ߼ԼԼԸ˵ѪôԼͻԶԼ߻õ˺ˣҪԶػˣЧˡ
ûнҵѪеĪ
һղŴǸʱ򣬲СİһɣŻôѾĪɫӣɻض飬ħôôܶô߼Լ
Īʲô
ؽͣҲҲɺϰɣ
ҲҲǣֱôܻô߼ԼأĪΪ϶ס
쵰ͻȻȼһССĻ档
ղԸòط˷Ƥŵˣû˵Щʲôʲô⡯
ûаؿһţֲҲ
ʵǶζ϶Ļһֻе㲻ףΪʲô¶ᵽ֮Ϊʲô˻֪ѵвɸ˵ܣ
𣿡Īƺһ˿ɻ
ʱȻҵҡ
ɳ
ҳɳ©˶ıк£ڵĶкЩݺݵˤϣ
ʲôЩŵػܡ
⣡ˣǱҪˣĪһӦæ򴰿ڣȥ
ʲôӸ߸ߵĵطһţø߰ôߣ᲻ˤ˰
Īƺ˼أȥ
̤˸գһ飬µ
쬵ҹļձ߷ɹͺǧѵӻʹʹ񾭣ҲҶȥʲôζʹˣǻзϣ
أҪ
û˼ʱˣ˶ˣղĪ˵ʲôˣǲ˵ħˣ
ǰһæ磬Ȼʹߣһ֮
䣬֮ͻȻһ쫷磬γһǵ棬Ҫһεķذǣ
ǵĽŲŵأ󡰺¡һǱɢ˼һȻ
~~ŵϴѾ̮ķﴫԹ񶾵ĺڳеϿգѸأһֲͿֻŵ
ǡԹ֮һȺѪ֮ǰҲϰݣʹҪµҲҪ䣡
Ȼ𣬴ȥڰ֮أ˫ֺʮר־
ڵջһ⣬ڵķͻȻȼһԹ޵ļȻתΪĽգأʧ
ɫĻ˰죬ҪҹȰҫۣӵ
ˣǸ뿪ˡĪŲæؿڣ̵ķǰ鷢ںڵӱһʺ졣
š𽥱ɵķ棬о˵
а֮أѾٺڰаӴٲ

 лҪ˵лл֧~O~




2.8.µĿʼ

峿̵ɽ̫⣬ɽ߲֪С׵ĳɴƵҿˡ
µһ죬ˡ
һ磬˾ȵط֣¶ĳǱȻһѷ棡
֣ôһҹ֮䣬Ǳ͵ˣ
漣漣
ŶһϵۣϵǵԲš
лϵۡ
˶۷׷ף޲ȡ
ȻǼƾɵСǰɫ㲲³·һܰվգĬ
ס
һͻתȥһϤӰ
΢Ľɫ紵ңСԵò԰ףվһôǰִٲش֣Ե塣
ȣҵŮ³ͻȻһ͵سǰһѽ§ڻһʱ伤ˮӯȣԭ¸ףԭ¸ףҲӦý뻢ڡ
ҡȱͻĶˣȻ֪˵Щʲôá
С˵öԣҵŮڵһ죬βӦÿΣգҲԣҲá
סȽַļϣлл㡣
еʣĵʼ
ȣҲˣҲܵ˺ֻҪڵһ죬û˿˺㡣
ţףҪԶһ𣡡¶ҸЦݣϻ£Ҹõ

΢Żǵůůģġ
µĿʼԭôҸá





3.1.ħʧ

лҪ˵Բǰһ̫٣ǲ= =
˵ùһִôĪǴشˣ
磡һ磬ޱȰյź׵ıӣʶӣԼһš
İʪĶѨֲָĪɣұԶмżʪ·δ𣬵δ𣬶ˮ鲻סµ䣬γһǳǳСˮݣڶлţ
ûǵȷù͸ǱһǿһʱǷ֡Ȼվ˿У±Ԩġ󺣣վ˿УҲûʲôˣֻҪһ򵥵ڿߡǾȻ֡ħʧˣ
ʹħҲûһķӦ
ʧֻؿԼ׹䣬׹䣬ڡͨһ˱̹ǵĺˮһŵļС
Ѩ⺮ХӿȵĺĻźһ˻Ѩˣž
δ𣬵δ𡭡ˮεż־ĶǣպóǺĻԵúˡ
ι㻹ðɣĪ׵壬С˳ѾóĬ
ţһӲһȻŻŪĪùԵʮգҺõúܣ磡⡭⻹ǰͣ
ĪޱƣֲĴ˭ֻ뵽ԽȻյĴ֮أħЦɣ
أҺ䡣鰵̾۵Ƥ̹ǵĺεúף··ߣҲð硭ħΪʲôʧء
Ҳ֪Īü
û㣡һ仰ĪƿԡȵȣŮ˽ôˣţһŨصĻҩζ
ˣǲΪáĪҲֻǱտڲԡھµĵףһɱС
ž
ͻȻһ죬ߵ񾭣
ɽ漴һĲҽУ
ŮʲôһޱȲͷ漴𣬸ǹļ
ŮˣĪ˵ʲôţȵȡǸĪģǡ
龪ȵػعͷȥֻ
һλ췢걳ڶѨϣȾŰɫʣɢɫɢŵĹʣʱѨ
ꡭͰ͵زŵش㡭ô
ֻǷӻص˾֮飬û˵ĹҵɣС͡˸ųɫˣ˵ϴΡ漴תΪŭ
СˣˣֻǲмЦЦ˸
㡭˵ѹңɫףͲҡ
ˣˣ鲻ͷŶ䣬ͬʱ͵͵עɫٳҾͽھ֮ʮʮҹбܰ԰飡
ԣɫ΢䣬촽һ£òżѵؼһ䣺㡭ҡ
ҵȻңˣֱ׳Ȼػؾι꣬𣡡 
㡪ɫףҧгݣηвһ˳ָ䵽һԵһѿݲϡ
䣬һ죬ݲȼܻ棬ĻůѨ
ˡĬĪʲô˿ڳɵؿˣΪʲôԡʹħ
ûֱ֣Ŀȴת䵽ϡ
Ŷ겻мɨһۣüëͻȻЦһκħϰЧ
ħϰ
û⸽ƺһħų˼ص
ħųʲô
ٺ١ûлشųŹֵЦݣЦôĶǣЦ˲ɵСĵ㣬ŮˣǸѲļһڸռʱ죬ҲѾѾˡ
˵ʲôѾһʱδӾзӦֻಡһѶ뾫֮Уֻʣϸϸĭڿз
~ ޷޳֮ķһ䣬̶ֱóĬһţԴɿתţ׽ղ˵һ
Īһۣ죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôϾɫֽ˶ǣԼġĬ򡱡
ž
һȼյʱǵĻ𻨣׵Ŀֻʣ˻ȼʱкĴʯʱ죬ҡ
ǵڶ𣿿ôѵħųйأôһλأ
һӾ֮ɫķ˿
ǴԽʱĪðĶ֣ôÿζðһЩѵ˿Ҳó
ϸشеķ˿ôôȻͺĴ󺣰γ
ڣ龿в˯ߵջƤص׹ȥˡ
ɽ֮⣬񱩵ħڵĭʧȥ˾Ľ࣬װĺǧϯضź˻αȥ
ĺƺ̸һ㵭ɫɴ˸ŵӫ⣬֯һ಻ϵħ֮ޱ޼ʵǰ

 лҪ˵Բǰһ̫٣ǲ= =




3.2.Ĵ˵

峿ĵһ͸ɽķ϶䵽۾ϣŨŨ˯⡣
ŵ۾ƺܵ˸ţë΢΢ţü΢΢ֲػ˻Դڻſ۾
ᣡ˯ʵ˫ۣش˸ǷͻȻʲôĶ˳Լ廬䡣
ţ˻ԴһףϵĲԼ·𣿺Ѿˣ·ڡ
еػعͷȥֻŵļªļϣտҲ
ʲôҲûС
ϵĲȼֻһѺɫĻҽ
ˣĪأڰ黷ܣȷվɿش·صϵľ֮պã첽߳Ҷ
ñȥҹĴ󺣣ô峿Ĵ󺣣һˡ̳ĺˮźԶĹⲨ΢򰶱ԽԽɳ̲ϣʯϣ׻ὦſ飬ʧں̲ϡ
Ҳ峺ɴȹȹһֱߵƲϣʱһһŸԼĸ˺ţһĺ֮衣
꾲վɳ̲ߣʧ㿴ԶĴ󺣡䵽ϣճǹ貵٣ϸĶ̷ĿĹâ·˶ɢŹʡ
˲סҲļˡ
΢紵ǰ鷢һ˵˱Ƕ
ڿʲôĪͻȻعͷԴЦ
ţ⡭ûʲôϻŵ飬Ͻתƻ⣬ˡô硭ǺǡǸڸʲô
Ǻؿ
ŶӦһĲɵŽµɳӣƺûע⵽ɫʹһ顭
죿⡣
죬겻˵һ𣿡ЦЦ
ţٵ˼Ƭ̣ˣԵе㼤죬˵
ûУҾ뵽ʲôĪĿ䵽ããĴ֮С
ҵ𣿡鰴βסԼļ
Īûд𻰣ָ󺣡
ڲԵĺϣˮһ˵̶С
˵йأ
Ī˵ͷſ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȻһкֱشˡ
쿴졪ץסǣ
ʲôĿԣȫ֪ʲô顣ԶֻԶɽϣһȺǵشģڶֳĺ˰̳ǵص
ôƣ
ɡʲôģ¶Ȼ飬ĪؿĪЩΪʲôô
ĪɫȻ䣬ܣ죡Ͻӣ
ôһ°
һһŭźǵˡ

ͨ
Ӧ̱ڵϣһôŴضĪ֣Сҡáۡ
ι㻹ðɣĪ£еʵֲʱܵĻ롪Ҳʱȫˡ
ŨܵĲݴ˵ӰܾĵһƬҲ
Ǿ˵𣿡龪ϲص
ȻǡĪϷֻʱʱѡ
¶Цǡ
ߣ˵öԣֻʱȫôǾͲȫˣͻȻһӰðˢˢˢʮֳֳĴӲݴ׷÷ŭĿֱˣǺòĺ
⣡ǱΧˣ
㡭ʲôսսɨܣһ˵Īߡ
ʲôղ˵˹Ц̶һĿˣװ⣡ֵǣϣ
ʲô龪ʧشδ˵꣬Ⱥͺһ𳤹׼¡
סǧһʱ̣Īһ
ʱ·ֹ̾
δ𣬵δ
һκˮĶ˳Ϣػ䡣
ǵֶͣ˿Уȴµһ̡Ϸŭɼ
ƾʲô˵ǡĪʵȴ˼ֲԽԽˡ
ƾʲôȺЦһںߣǡʲô
԰԰Ⱥ
Ϊʲô峿ں߾ǺоȺһǷˣһǣȻΪʲôŹ׷˴ӣҪǣ
˵ϻˣ˵˭ǻǴӣȺͻȻ˴󺰡
ԣǵԽٴξҪҹ䡪
ۣҪۣѵǽҪһȺӵĲҽûһƬźС
ס֣һϵŮ˿жѷɫ
ǽסеȻ㶻عͷȥŶʧعˣ𾴵ĺɴ
֪Īһۣ뽫Ŀ䵽ǰĲݴϡ
黵ĲݴͻȻ෴ķˣмһС
Űٺϻķҷӭһźɫɴȹĸ߹ŮӴӲݴл߳ϹűʹҪʥЦݡ

ɴ
ǰŮӡ
ŷʽȹеޱȸ߹Ȼɫĳһӣγ纣ˮ峺˲¡
ɴ΢Цǻ
´䵽ϣ˵ɫҲԡ
ɴʱȺ˾ҪǰǼпǺ
¡ɴôɡ
ſڣɴǴˣƺҪ˵Щʲôǽȥֻòشһ䣺ǡ
λ鷳ǲ˼ءɴ¶εɫ΢ЦŶ˵ͬʱѺõ֣λɡ
˵ţתСȥ
Īȫ֪ʲô¡Īɵص˵ͷֻһ㿪ڴӵĿ⣬㬵غĪںɴˡ

ߵƾСľž¯žȼţ˳ʪϢɴзεĿӳҡҷŷ΢¯
һСľǰֻ豭طš
šǸʲôԾ𣿡 ɴԥƬ̣ڽŵؿˣĽë΢΢
ĪһۣȻصص˵ͷԾܲԾ
ŶɴϾ
˵㣡Īֱ룬أ
ʲʲô ɴͰ͵صȵǰǸ߰꣬Ҳ˼
ιòãŻ˵ġСػ˻ֱۣѵ˵ôɴƺŻɣ
ףĪüëûȰ棬ֻǼźɴķߣףΪʲôȺŹǣΪʲô㲻ģΪʲôǴֵķװҲеȣⲻ˵ţ𣿡
ɴһЦ˳ųһȻԭ˵Ҳѹɻ󡭡
ʲôĪ󲻽⡣
ɴվǰ̧ͷǻ컨壬˶٣¶һɬЦݣ֪ģĴ˵
龪ѵղЩҪ׷ɱǣԭ򣿵Ϊʲô
Ҳáɴ̾ϢҪ뿪˼죬ҲǸνʦлɳˡ
ʦ
˵֮ǰֵ߳һֵºڷߵʱרųˣѾжʮҴҹʧˡ
ʮңʧɫ̲סк
ɴص˵ͷǰ˵ֹϰˣ°ΡЩҲûѰЩʧٵ˵ټڵĴǣҹдˡԣǶǡΪ˶Ŀһǹķɣ˭Ҳҡ
ʦ¼ôһ£
һƭӰˡ ɴ̾Ϣ˵ŭǸƭӣ뿪⼸죬ڴ˵ʲôڽںֵ߳˾ǺǶŲɣҪҲᷢղŵ顣ƭ˴ǲǮأȻѾ˽ץ𣬲ǽˡ
ԭǸƭӸĹߵصۣǡ
ҾúܱǸ ɴǸ⡣
ûϵ΢ЦͬʱĪһۣˣӵͺˡ
ιĪ顣
ǺǡɴһЦˣǵĳ࣬λһǴԶĿ˰ɣ
ǵġ׵ͻȻʲôɻʣˣΪʲô㡭֡ׯ
ɴһ㶣Ӷ˼СŵصΪΪ󣬾ǵĻ񡭡
ҺʶģʱĴγˣ˵رˮ͵ɳ̲ϣǸʱҺһ
ǣд˵ҪƻǵĻ񡭡Ϊʲôأɴ䡣
ȵȣΪʲôôϤ󺣡˰ĺǸӦӰɣټ˼ŶǾͲͯŮ⡭ôһأ㹫ӣգӸİĹ˻飬ǿСջΪϵĭûӦŶԣΪʲô;ðһأ˵мȻҪ
˵ҪƻɴĻôߡһǳźɴģΪ㰮ӣӣȴΪǡ
ʲôأġů룬ɴһɻؿ
Ȼ֪㹫ҵĽɫλƵĺɴЩĲˡ
ʹ֮ǰûгֹ
룬˵ǵûУҾ֮󣬺ͳˣĺ֡йϵ𣿡
ڴŶ롭ǿ֪Ŀ
ȥѰҺδ˵꣬Ѿɴȵشϡ
ǰΪɴĲе⣬𣿡
ɴҡҡͷԶĿȥðգ̫ðɣҡ
᲻ᡣϽҡͷ¶һɰ΢Ц㲻ܾԶĿ˵һССҪɣ
ɴ˶촽ϼᶨɫֹ
ǴΪʵ
鵹סˣδأ
һҴǣΧɢںϾеҥԡʱһԳĬѾõĪ˵ġ
ΪʲôҪɢҥԣ鲻⡣
ҪƻĻֻҪɻ飬ضĪûصһۡ
ɴüǡ
ڻش˺ɴļڴӦǵҪ󣬾֤飬Щǡ
ʪľǽϵӰԾĻ⣬ůůϢǰΧţһһ㣬һеĻɡεȫڡ
İٺϻʪʪĿУģҷ硣
ȻĪƺһµʵ
ʹòħ
⣬ϵĺˮײŽʯ죬Ҫ˺ѡΣգȻأһһأ




3.3.

ûһ㡭ȥ
ҹɴ밲׵ĳУķǺǺϵյյƻӳˮУԵĺƽ˾ͬʱҹ顣
һһĴںϻǰУϹ˻õװΣȼǹ費ĵơ
ʲôڴϵΦϣǿգš
ʣȥ𣿡Ī¡
ŶȻ룡鶢ãŻع˭磿οûɣûɾȳ鷳ֻ㽫룬Ȼȥ
ʵҾءĪЦЦһֱ֣һУҶû˵
ʲô˵ģ֪Щɶֲҵ˭˭һۣȴһůʹļ䡣
ҲǡĪૡ
أ鷴ʡ
ңʼ磬˵ûν
ѿڶȥ˺øȺСա
Ī־͸һƺܲˡ
ѽҵͷһ顣
Ī
Сţ£оеľ֮顣
ϾʮˡҥԻеʱ̣ʲô㣿
ƺһҲûȥֻ֮飬. Lazuriteǿػ顣߾ƢΪ꣬ŲǡħˮΪʹħʱܻɫɫĹâԳ֮ơ
ι㵽ûĪüģסղ˵ʲô
̧ͷ㶣ȻЦ

һĲˬĺ£غСҹ΢ˬϢ˵ϣģ̵ġ

ͻȻԶ͸΢ƹĹȺһ쳹ʮÿ賿Ĵš
ʱ䵽ˡĪԾػܡ
Ҳվ𣬻˺档
ȻǷƽ˾¹ٿһ·زţ趯һ㣬ԶϵĺںڰĿռ䣬һ鱦ʯ
鿴ĪӣеЦ̫˰ɣʲôҲûаǴ˵ǡ
¡¡¡¡
δ䣬Զը׺¡¡죬ǧڶŭţţ
ƽĺͻȻ¶һչĿˮҵطצ˻ħֽѳˡ̣󺣶׵ˣűӿͷ۵ؽ󴬡տտĺˮȻɫµĻɳ˻һУ
ˣ鱻ͻı仯ŵɫ䣬һĵڵϡ
ǰĺˮͻȻɾˣֱںˮҪͱƣ
ǰȵĴͻȻҵҡȻͷ˻Ƶġ˿ӣϳ飬һһƲϷԾ˲佫ɫˮΧ
ĪĪɫ׵ؿĪžҵ𶯶ҡҡλΡ
ĪȻɫϾ˵ľ֡
Ŀֹ
ȻҲִмС񣬵ûһľսġһһըԼС²ˡ
ιι㻹ðɣ龡ʹԼƽһЩ
ը
һ͵ڰըһ˵Īϣʹ·ţǸµסˣ
ߣССȻҲẦ³ųɴһǵĺˮð
ȹķĺˮܳˮǰۣ£𡪡һţȻ˸âɣһɫӰڹӰ¶
âɢǸٷŮǰȻɫСɵƵɭɭЦݣȻһ۹˸β
ͬʱ֮ȻַǿҵĶǿҵĳɫâ
ǸŮǳ֮飬Ȼ˵ģѾѾˣ˵öԸ
鵹һ˲վֻĿתضˮϷǸŮ
ŶŮϵˣǲԼҪѰҵǳɫһ˿ã˫ؿڣɴأ
ڡĪػؾ֪Ƿŭĺ磬żֲ
ŮüһšƺţģǺµڴİɣ
ǡĪνʼ磬תͷЦЦ
㡭Ȼ鿪Ц̲סһ䣬Ī½ǡ

ĿһģŮɫأ˫񶾰ˡ
ιǡŮͷüɴǸ꾫ĲڡҲûãǡȥɣ
û˼أһը׾һ޴˻ͻȻŭĿĿֱҴ䡪һ죡̱һɫĴ󶴣ˮҵϢ֮ذ㣬һӿ๾Ĺ󶴡
ˮˣ
󺧣ʶؾ֣ǣǡ
ħʹòħ
ôÿεôؼʱʹòħ
ֵǸŮ֣һˮˮð˲䶳ɱǵϮȥ
Ƕ񰡣ʹҲᱻΪһһ³
ȵȣؼʱ̣Ȼʲôæشһ
ǼڰоֹסˣȻص˴󺣣ɽˮĴһ塣
ôˣлҪ˵ŮšüģðɣǾҪˣҲ޷
㿴زһѺӾ֮óǼŵͷ˿Ҳ֪⼸ʲôãȻǴԽʱֵģضҪãϴѪ¼Ҳûʲôϵɣ˵תء
ĪȵĿ£齫˿
ǡŮ㵣Ŀһ˿Źֵɫŵضˣ촽΢΢ô
飬ԭİȻתɾȣȻŭ
Ϊʲôķ˿ŮɢϢ
ʲôǡеһεѹϢ
ĬĬ
๾࡭ˮȻϵڹܿûǵĽš
ͻȻе岻ǸŭһŮõԤд޷Ƶðϡ
񡭡ĴӦóǼ˿
Ҫ¡ĪͻȻץס֣΢Ц
ĪȻů΢Ц˲䣬ůȫĿ־壬ƺһһıɢ
ƺҲ
ԣ˺ŮȻֲѵ״̬У૲ϣǡ
ͻȻ
ը
淢˾ҵıըˮԾʮɣһɫ漴Ȼ󣬽ɵ
ʧȥʶһ˲䣬оԼһůİΧţǵ֡Ȼһ𡭡
һƬ
ҲûκҲûκα磬Ҳûκ꣬Ҳκζ
ɢһеһУָֻ˷ƽ˾
ʲôҲûз
ûдûˮûвûб꣬ûκεˡ
΢ԵĺˮϣӰЦ





3.4.֮

࡭࡭࡭ݷڵڶ߻졭
ѾͷѾͷѡ
ůϢ಻Ϣں
ƮƮ漴ǧʯ׹£һαϡ˭˯߽ţ˫Ժк
ιһŭڶǸƺһ£һĵʹ漴ֱ۴
ıɱһȻ۾
㶵۾δشǰ
Ĭ
һƬĺڰֲָ͸Զ֪﷢΢ϡΧŷĭĺɫС
ɭɭĿ¼ˡ
ʲôط
ȫʪ֣˼һƬҡ
ҡ𣿡ͻȻðһ䣬˿
ţԵĪľٶˣһ֪ӡСػ˻ι㡭û°ɣ
ǵ𣿡ʷȻ˵Źֵ̨ʣĪǰ˶ٻ°Ϊʲôǻµ
ΣǡӡԼ軹Ǽɵ
Ī־͸һû˵ʲôп˵
ѽʹһţ㰡
˵ҪɣĪűʹֱۣţҰŮˡ
ϴ飺ʲôȴҡ
ĪԶԣоѾȫѹˣɵһ
ཡཡ
ƺֻʣˮð
ĪֱֵЩ졣ΪʲôزƽʱһᡭΪʲôſ죬Լɻ󣬾ϲĲ
Ӳƽ׵խСռܵذţľģ壬УϹһƬɫɳأðݣճġ
ΣѲɡˣ
ʲôطһУе˼顣
ˡĪ̾һָָһֻϡڡСе塣
˵ǡС˵ڿŤŤ԰ɣǶζʱӰʲô㣡
𾪣ðһ亹ŵؽĿתĪͰ͵ؼ˵⣬Ǻף
ĪɫصصͷԲĶ硣
ɡΪʲôܡʮֲ
Ҳ֪ĪҡͷһͷѾˡ
׵ˮ½ϵĿţ⵽Ǻ׵İأǡԭ
ڸ죿ʵ޴롣
Ī˼Ƭ̧̣ͷʵ㡭ڿʹħ𣿡
֪ãҡҡͷԹ𣿡
Թˣ΢Īüģƺʲôסڵӳȥ
˵ͷ̯ƣȼһССĻ档
ССĻڰʪΣ͸⣬ؿΧľˡ
㡪ˣ龪ȵĪŷ֡·˺˺üӣȾ̵Ѫ
û¡Ī˵ͷŤһߣԼı顣
㶣Ƭ̣վ
Ȼܻ谵͸ĵĻϡΧľɫ
ԭһƬµĺɭ֡ǧٹֵĺֲΧתУһЩֲ붯Ķðͷųġֱۣ֮ڵŲšԶޱ޼ʵĺڰ
̲סһ䣡
öģ벻ĺ磬Ҳһ棡
һ͵ջ˻棬ŬԼĵĿ־ħħȻҡǻȻȥɡ 
ɵˣĪޱȾȣҪȥ뿪ﰡڡ
޹գգۣ״ΣǺǣŶǸ
֨֨¸¡
꣡ĪͻȻʲôϾʾ鲻Ҫ
ôˣСʵ
ˡ
֨֨¸¡
ԶԶϸĽŲлһ̸
ԼһЩƬΡ
ι˵ȥ͵Ҳ̫˰ɡһ˵
ԭ˿Ű
Բ˼ͼǲסʱˡһˡ
֪ûкúÿطˣһģ
ˣ˭
˺ˣֵܣ˰ɣ
һƺеԥðɣ뿪
ˣȥɡ
ˢˢˢˢ
ƺһ뿪ˡ
ཡཡȻðšһָֻԭȵӣѻȸ
ڸðˣ취˶һָۣԳ˼
ĬĬ
а취ˣͻȻ
ʲûĪڣͨ͡һڵϣƤһȥﲻͣţѽѽӺʹ⽫ŵúܴǸˡ
ᡭĪɫ䣬ҪֹѾˣΪǽŲԶ
ڹʲôһȣһӳǰȷе˵ǲһˣǡ㡭
ϡɫβĳ࣬ڵƹްˣС
Īס˺Ŀתض顣
ѽûйˣգ۾޹غҵĶӺʹ
ģ㲻ͷغһת׼뿪
ȵȣ鼱æסشӵյǰ
ָʲôüǰ
ҵ۾һ˿ааЦݴ
û㷴Ӧֻбȥ˫ۣɿĴԣռ˼롣
š
ǡľɵӦ˫˸ŵĺǰҹеĹ
ֻһſˡ
˳ӵվһߣ͡
ߣ齫ƽΣ顱عţͬĿһۣæĪɿӴܳȥ
ڻġĺˮﴩţԶĺĺӰ
Ƭɫɭ֣źɭİ⣬ɺΧĳۣСֱŰɫĺǣǵͻȻµҲֻӲͷƤ͹ľԡ 
ƺ˺Զ
ɫɭʧǵ֮ڡ
ǳһڵϣҪϢһ¡
ǵĽ£һƬ˰ɳĺףΧҲǧٹֲֵȴôôСȥˮôγࡣ
ιСѾͷǸǴѧģĪתͷʡ
ó鵹еմմϲ
šĪ̧ͷϷĺˮҡҷ̫ĵӰǽô죿
룬Ҫҵȥİ취ɣƵشỹϵˣҪģҪҵ
ûʲôĪٴξ
ʲôûаɻ󣬡ǲˣ
Īָһ򣬡ﴫġ
۾ָŵĵطһɺƵĶ
ཡཡ
ƺʲô˳ˮƮ˹
õ
˻ԴΪԼĴ
վǰ˼Լעȫأˣȼǹ貵ɺ
ĸ
ǸĺˮһֱƮǵĶͯ˵ĸס½ϵ޷ġ
꣬βȥǵġ
ɰǣΪξ£

ɣҿɰǣ
ĺɡ
ĺ
ĺ
ĺ󡭡
ħɣ˵Ķϻ죬ƲϡɲǼ䣬ǵ˼
ʧ˹ʣȾһã
룬ȥˡ

һջ
λõӰ𽥶ѻ֯һƬɾ
ɣ֮񽫻һС
һУ
һԸ
ǣҵûɡѧУ
һֻǹ̡ɣѰҵҡ
ң
ɣ
áҡ
һĵʹֱ۴ǰһ˲ɢõĻþλõݣɢȥ
Ȼѣŷ֣ԼȻ֪ߵ˺׹ǰĶǣȻΰɺɵǽ͸һֻ޴İǣɵرպϣݶĺ飬ɫɳӣȥģ
ʶԼŪʹֱֻۣǸסһЦ
㡪
Ǽһһصͷ˵ֻ֮Ҫ̼ܵͻѣó
Īһŭ㡱ڳЦ𣿡
ιιιôĪɫˢرףԼ˸ССЦû뵽ӦôҡҪ㷢ǣǿˣ

û˵ĪͻȻץ־ܡ
㡭Ҫȥ鱻һֲŻŲ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ĪЦֻһֱɺΧǽܡ
̬Ⱥߴ
üͷ
ĪһﵽҪʲô

һ˿ʧƵشĵð
Ҳزȥˡ

ǡ
ʻ԰ӯڻдţ԰ǰһɵķ䣬ǶĴӡעĿľһõ廨ԣĴϸ֦Ҷһֱɫɳס
΢΢ԾؿĪ
ûв´ӦСĻ԰Ī˵ǰķȥ
ȫ²͸Ҫʲôֻøǰ

괰¡
괰ﴫһϸ̸
ĪʳָǽϻһȦһɫǰ㻮ǽںʧһ¶һնڵһһһš 㽫ôˣǱ֯ɵǰһŮӵǸȷŮ֡ǸŮһ˫εɫĺˮγްƤһͷĳ
ĳһˣѵǼ˿ģѹͻȻ񡭡
ȷŮȷûǸһǾ
ŶûУֻǽǹˡˣѩͷΣһʹɡ ˷ܵؾеͷΣѩͷϱȻš
ǣ򡭡 ѩҧ´
ɫͻȻһüš𣺡ôѵ㻹Ǹӣ
ҡҡǡ
Ҹ߹ٴΣǼһﲻǺˣҪҲ᲻֪㡣㿴ԼΪˣֵ𣿸һֵΪʲôҪõǸꡭ ƺ
ѩɫףһԲ
סƺʶԼˣ𽥻ˣ ô࣬Ͽá˵죬Ὣ֮չǧѷĻŶ
֮
šͷһѩΣ֮֮ҹǼӣεĽ䱸϶ɭϰɡҲǣʲô⣬롭
һڵݣʧԶĹսǴ
ûСһжƽĪתͷζضЦЦ
šصصͷһЦݣҲҪμκ׵ˡ
ӶЦ˫ﶼ˸ɽĹâ
ӦûȤɣ





3.5.֮

װһҲÿ
յؿԼ°ͻȻðβϰġޱƵ롣
Ȼ˵Ҫȥȡ֮ҲװĪĻ˵ʲôԷһߣ˵ջһ㣬ǡ
Ϊʲôֻȥأһ߿Ϸüһõؽ˹ȥŮ˾غõĪ
Ů˾ڣܵɺǽڹƵǵ鱦ʯͷҫ۵ĹâĽ䣬ѷһֻ޴鱴Բˣ鱴ͬǶʯ
ⲻǿϷǡԷһҪһǣҵħѾʣ޼ĪظŸղŵĻһߺֻŹľ޴鱴ħ
ǡеԥ᲻ʲô⡭Уһ嶼Ǳ̬ģô¶ǣյ˫Լ塣
ġĪЦЦȻ˵ħҪĵܶħҲ֧һӵˡ
ܽ˿ˣû𣿡ͻȻ⴫һ󼱴ٵһҪʼˡ
һţͰ͵ؾȻ̨ʣҡһû
ܽ˿ˣȻû׼ãҽ̺ɡ
ˡıȻس鴤һ£ϽǰƴţҺܿͳˣ㡭°ɡ
ԥƬ̣ǺܲԸؼһ䣺ǡ
ཹཡˮݷԶȥſϣޱʹؽۣΪʲôƫҪȥ֪ҵĽܲġ
ԲҪ㡣 Ī˵ͷЦЦصˣܽ˿ˣóˡҲѧѧӾˡ
ڳЦôһۣҧгݵشţһˮݰӯƮˡ

׹
Ĵǽں컨˸žӨĹâֲսһԣ֣㣬ñǺｫԼװޱȸ߹һͬĸ裬Ż赸
龲վһԣš
ܽ˿ˣ㲻ȥ𣿡ԵŮǰһеʵ
е㲻ءԡĲɵ
ǵȻ󣬴˸ϽȥϢŮ¶ǵɫ
šӦһ䣬ĿתصϵǸϡ貵ڣߵš
λӦþǺɣ
ᣬҲӦÿ쿪ʼ˰ɣ
˫
£¡һ˼΢΢̧ͷ
һϷŮһˮӯ˽ĻŮֱεߣӽ΢Ц£֮Ѿȡˣܽ˿м롣
ӹӣŮ΢Цͷһƣͣ
ѻȸ
·ֹͣ˸質ֹͣ赸ʱ·һ˲ֹͣ
Ƕּضźϵˮӣ¶ڴɫǸӡװѵ֮
Ǽѣѩ֣¶ĽǲԶ
ܽ˿˾ǰϵؿڡ
ڽ
ţգգۣãסȫ֪롣
Ŀ˲䶼еϡ
ȿȡһظܽ˿˾ǰ
أˡԵŮϽСѵͬʱ
γѣæɿ
һúô᲻أðƻ
ǿ־塭ǿ־塭
ס飬ڵǡõ֮
龡ĵ׵Ŀ־ѹһһذοԼȴ¶һ˿ὫԼɫ
սսպյ˫֣׼ӹǸˮӡ
λνġܽ˿ܾʲô֮ԾǸܽ˿ɫţҲڷƽʱܽ˿
ۿҪõ֮ǧһʱ̣ƺʲôȻشһãǸǼٵģ˵ţٿسǰ
һʶԼѾ¶ݣֿ͵һѶеĺӣȻؽ䵽һƬյ֮ϣˮӸ߾ͷв˭ҪǰһҾͰˣͬھ
һ캳أ㶼סˣ
ɫˢرף
֮ζš֮Ӵ˸𣡶ǡҲҪԶڴ󺣣
㡭ŵضβ˵Ļţܽ˿㷴ˣ
ܽ˿ǰһŭĿԲɣ
ֶֻζѣ˴˱˴ˡһۡ
ǡܽ˿أס
Ŷģõúܣڷıأ鱣Ѻõ΢Ц
㡪޳ܣ¶ɫ
Ҳ޳ܡطߣһԭ
㡭
˺ˡǼˣ̵̻صʲô
̴뿪УԺ˺ϵľ񡣡Ī֪ͻȻð˳
ǿѹŭ𣺡С
úúãҴӦǡżش뽫֮ǣǺ갡
ԣǡв
֮ҪҲ֪ģҪʲô͸ʲô£ѵĴȲССҪ𣿡ۡ
ǣѩǵػعͷϰԵѰѩӰȴ֣Լ߾ȻտҲסѩ
ˣѾŵԣڿԽ֮˰ɣǿ򶨡
УȻִԴӦǣ
Ӧûɿ𣬽ӾͷһҶĶ
̫֡
ˣ¡һɫͷŮȻҴҵѩѩ

סѩôסʼ¶ֻš
ѩԼˡˡŻһ˫ġһ˫ȡŮںؽ˵ꡣ
˵ʲôʧٿر࣬촽ֱĺ˼صڵϣü۾ôģմţֻŲѡ
ιٲĻĪһֲۣͷָָ߾ˮӡ
ûȥֻһͷʲôҲӦǡ
ţʧ
ʲôҪ˵šüģ
ɫľȻײײվһһȥÿһҲ˵ǣ᲻ᱻε
㡭̾΢ˡ
ճյ촽˶³һ䣺ҡҸߡ
ɫ԰ңϵһжˡ
㡪˵ʲôĪ˲Բ۾һۣ㵵òţ߾ŵֲػ£㡭ղ˵ʲô
ûЦҸߣֻҪֻҪܹȻѩ





3.6.VS

лҪ˵ڶǾɸˣЩط£
ƽ˾ĺϣԲ⣬Ÿʱӹ棬ĵ̫ŶغЦҲûбһƽˡ
ը
ͻȻƽؾȻըˮӿɲΣѸٵںѿһӡˮ类һѵָ룬ѷԽԽ󡪡
һҾ޴ĴðһԾƽȵںϡ
Ȼ󣬺ˮѸٵѷ죬һָֻ˸ղŷƽ˾ӡ
ǣһģŹֵķںУٵ򰶱ʹȥ
ιͻȻôġϣĪȻǿҵĽģĿˢˢؽ
ΪΪѩΦˣŷԲĴ󺣣Ƭʧ
ѩ㹫ôҪ𣿲ͯǶѡѿڶ
ͯǣݺݵһۣŵϱտڲԣ֪֪ѩҪѡˣ˵ҲͷɫȻԴһѩҾͱסˣ࣬һõﶼϣȻĵӺСҺϲϧȻһȵˣǸʲôӣ
Խ˵ԽԽ˵ԽŭȭͷҲ߬ˣƺһҪˡ
ͣͣͣæһ亹֪ˣҡǻȻѩģǲǣĪ
˵ţתȥȴĪŴΧصؿǰŨصɻ
ôˣգգۣɻʵһģ²͸Ҫʲô
Īûд𻰣ǽĿת䵽ϣ¶һʮֲεı飺С㣬Ҫȥ
ȥ鲻˼ؽӻⲻǷϻôȻˣԵġͻȻ뵽ʲôȻֹȻתͷ΢΢ؿ
£ɫĳԣֻ纣ˮγӷŵЦ⣬Ȼɫȴ׽͸
ٺںϵĴ밶෴ķ򡪡󺣸Զʻȥ
ѯʣ⡭ǵϵ𣿡
Īüͷ㻹ǻǣ
Ȼ㡭
ǺǡЦһЦݣû뵽ôͱǿˣħʦ治򵥡
ô֪Щ龪ȡ
ǳιȥʱ򣬴ǿ׳İɣĪüëҹȼŭ
ûֻҪһ򵥵ааЦϸֳмı飬ǻȥΣңҲֻΪǽ֮ʵҪѩõǣ
ȵĺ֮ŶŨصĻҩζ
̫ˣȻȻҺŪǣ
ΪڿԸЩʲôûħʲôҲɲ˰ɣߺߣ룬ٵٽǣڣֻԽԽˡһЦα¶ղŵһӰ١
㡭ʲô
ûʲôڨڨЦֵ˵ΧһɫǹϴĴܳԾ˿С
ɫڵкءֻһҵıըǵĹâըˣâ䣬ޱĿĹâҫ˲ûյһУڿſһѾ޴İɫɡȻ
ס֣㵽Ҫʲôǵضĺ˲ϮЪ˹
¡¡
׹ٿ˸ˣղŻտվȻøˣ̵ضɽҡ
ͬڵˮҿĴ涯˲Ҫû
ɫͽȻ䣬غ˼˵ĪԣޱȺڵŭ治Ӧƻļһˣǰ겻˵ǸѲļһû˵ĻѵҪٴڴ𣿰󺣰󺣣Ҹ㣬ǸԵš
վڴǰһЦһƽȵطУͬǱе߸ǣӸµظһУͺ߸ϵŮۿһĻĺϷ
룬ڵǾ޲ߵҳ֣ǿɰĺˮͿԽ˰ɣĿӹǣҾۿǡʧɣǺǡ
̬ȿȡδ˵꣬ĺͱһɷӿĺˮǺֱԣ
ʹر۾Ҫ𣿱ĺˮش䵽ϣʹʹ۾ҲģҲҪѿˡͻȻůĸоȫһҪ¡
龪ȵ۾֪ʲôʱĪѾϢߣϢؽ§ĳᰲο鲻ۿһᣬ̲סҪᡣǡж
ܿŭ𣬾ܺܵͻȻһůϢ㲻ʲôһеһУ¡
ţģǻͦŽҲҪһ䳰ȷ˫ֽǰһŮ߸ϵģǾһ̰ɡ
䣬ɫĹð˲£ߣһļֱˣ
۾ͷĪǣأأһ˿΢Ц
ʵ¡ʹҪҲҪ΢Цȥԣ
ž
̡ײʲôһҵĥض죬һȵϢƺëҲҪ棡
ܣ
û黺һŨ˱ǶǺֱԡԭǺʹİ֪͡ףԣΪʲôϳȣûһѵѵ
Ȼ۾
ǰһʪӰѵشӵվܵ˺ص˺ҡҡ׹ȡ
ը
ˮըȻ಻ϣҰվɫУ·ҪɣһεĹӣԽԽ졣Ȼأأüš𣬱ӣ
ĪҲȵú͡
Ǹˣ

Ȼ
ꣿ
Ǹ꣬ҫ۵Ķ̷ڻ⣬ֻһŵŭ⣬ֻȫʪģЭ
̲꣡סҪǰѯʡ
ûһͱסˣɳƣл㱣ȫ΢鴤š
ڲΪʲôˮˣǻԵηˮģôɫףֻŵͣһ仰Ҳ˵
桪ƺϵı飬ŬŬ죬¶һٵЦݣѾͷҲ򲻹
龪ʧؿͰͣǡ㡭
ι磬ˣ˫ҧгݣ㲻Ǻ𣿡
û취ɵʼ磬Ŀɿӹ飬ҸԼҵˣҵΡ
磬ȻඨԼ˫гһ죬ƲƲ죬ˡ
Цβʱ۵һ˿ȣãԭбװ񱡭
˺ߣ
䡭װ񱡭⼸֣ߣɫƺá
ĿǲǡҲߣ
û
ôֻãˡǿϧص
ѣȻءЦڿԵù죬ҡҷװ磬ˣ㲻ˮ𣿡
·˲ۣΣյϢΧǡ
ü˭ʤ˭֪أ˵գûӦطɴϿգԾͷһѻ֮ͽȻ֣еĽֱ
ȻҪȷˡ
꣬𡭡ҪͱĪֹסˡ Ҫ ץ֣侲ص
˲䣬еϣůĪɫ˸ŲɺĹâȻᶨص˵ͷ
ǵʯһ˲䡪ͻĹˣ˲ϻæѵض㿪Ľ
ž
ûԤڵıըˮƽͻȻһѵֻһ㱡ĽɴӺϻͬͻȻػ㣬ѿˡ
ǲɴ𲻼ˡ
ǲħʧˡ
㡪һɫش߰ʧˣȡ֮ǲŵľ㵡ŤŤû֣̿ꡭꡭ㣬ôԡ
˳ؽ䵽ļװϣϲƣɫһЦħųڽˣʣµģԼŰɡ
ԭ㹥ΪƽҵĴųһܸӣ޷޵ص̫ˡ
ã㻹̫˰귺Ц⣬վٿأһɫ⣬ٴλص֮С
ʧɫʱĪͻȻǰ֣֮飬ȥ һɫĹâȽȽһָϻһ˿ߣϮȥûлعס
㡪֮£ϽǼȻԽԽ
ô㻹Ҫ𣿡Īȭͷص
һԲ
ȰĪһһͣĻҲûϵѩҪΪĭŶ
ҵ̧ͷɥǵؽˡ
һƬȻ
ΧȻſ磬žˣһеһУ޹ˡ
ڣȥΧðɫĹâ䵽ļװϣ΢΢˶Բ𡭡
䣬Ǽٿɿܷɢˡ
һӣһпµĿ籩꣬谵ľеգʧˡ
һеһУָƽͺص˴ոտʼеʱ
ţƺԤϵҪʲôһ̾Ϣһӻ֮飬첽ߵǰĳһҳ
۾ϵؽַ䵽֮ҳϣǣΧϷһȦȦҫ۵İ׹⡣
ңԳ֮壬ΪˣӴ˲Υĵ壬Υȥ֮ٲ
â䣬ܵһУɲǣɫͷһöӡǷĶϳ֣أأâɢȥ֮ھ֮֮ϡ
ޱţĬƬ̣ڻˣһͬԣҪȻѩ
Ȼ΢ЦŻش
µĿӭˬǵģģζ

 лҪ˵ڶǾɸˣЩط£




3.7.µĭ

ʥĽŰٺϻµķҷİɫ˿ãɺﴩŹصķΣ֣ҸЦݡ
ǸССɫӰô磬ݲ԰ףγȾŰˣϵģֻǿ΢Ц˫ɫĳɴߵ̵ǰÿһ¶ĵʹ
ʹܱȲĵʹɣ
˽죬ҪΪϵĭ
ߣʱҲû˼ǵǸ֣С㡣
ҲֻǹеǣԶò˵ӡ
û˻ǵѩ롣
Ըһȥػ𣿡һѩߺȻ죬˭أ֪Ҳȥ֪
Ҫ뿪ˡǲأϲ˶ġϲֻǵһʲôأ
ѩȹ£һĶһ
սǰذףֲš죬ĽøģƯĳذףǸֻӵѪܾ
ֻҪذ״̽࣬Ҳ·ĴʹҲûΪĭˡ
ԥһ£ǽذ˻ȥ
ʹҪΪĭǲļ˺
л㱣κλκεϡɺƺ΢ЦضһۣȻͬػش𣺡Ը⡣
ţûбǸҸ˰ɣ
ĲǸٺϻ崿Ůӡ
ôáһʥ
סһȸߵشϵ
ž
ţһ죬õűݺ߿ˣ
ȺɧڳĹ壬С㶼׷վĿͶ⣬޲Ծ
ʲôˣλӺͺɴƺеԾһۣȴ֪Ǻá
һɫӰٿȻǰ缢ƿʰӵãҫôһ˲۾
ס򣿣ۼѩһӾϳǰǸˣĿôһ˲ϲãҪѾ
ڣһԲֱس̨ĵطָӣԲѷŭ㲻ܸ飡
˶סĿˢˢؿλ󵨵Ůʲôͷ
λС㣬ǲŪˣӺòʵüȴ΢΢š
ûлش⣬ֻĿص
ҪҪΪǿ˼ţ鲻Խؾ𡭡
ѩ̿˼ſҪкȴûɤ֣ǰץס֣ƴسž˵ҡͷ
ư͹ŮʶӿѩֿͶȵغ£ˡ
ư͹Ů˸һ޷ֹŭҧø죬ǷһᣬҪӦ鲻˺κˣŲ
ҲƽϣһķȣôС㣬ʲô飬û󡭡
У㲻ܸ顣
Ϊʲô
ʹĵؿ˿㲵ѩصΪ
йϵ𣿡΢΢һ
Ȼҧ㣬ôᡭͻȻһţסѩҪȥһȥסѩ
ѩ֣ͷҲصǰܣܾС¹ÿһ񱻼ĵӸһ£ȻģȴһѪֹ
ᣬƵ¡
ô˵йϵ𣿡أ
ûϵ
йϵ
һУΪô˵
ֻ֪֪Ҫӣ
ҪȥӰȻſڣסѩȥ·
ѩ΢΢һ̧ͷ
סˣסˣ˶סˣԶԶȲϺɴ𾪣
˾Ȼǡ
ʧĪ
һƬȻ
ؿˣˡѩ֣˵Ҳصǰ
Բ𣬺ɴô鷳 ؾһǸĿס
ιιιƾʲôǸŬŬ죬ؿ
ûУǸɴȵ죬ǰѻ˻ȥ
ʶǣֽĿתɴ
ԣǾǡ
ιǹûУĪͷؽûû˵سȥԽ𣿡
Ĭ
Ӹɴ
ȫѻȸ
а취ô˺ߣһƲӡ
Ȼ˵ôһΣεɡʱվ˳̾Ϣ۾һֻ֣ջһȦǣһȦȦâ㷺һһأȥ
Ĵţ׹⣬ƿˡ
תۼ䱻׹ΧһƬҲֲ˴ˡ

׹ʧˡ
ӣкɴȻͣڴ͵״̬þòܻ
ղŵĻþУ
ǸֵŮǸ˵ư͹Ů
ǸЦŮǸ¶ư͹Ů
ǸǵŮǸư͹Ů
ǡ
ǡ
ư͹Ů𣿡ãǰѯʵ΢΢ԼĽһ·ء
ѩճյѾõˮѩ׵ագѵص˵ͷ
ʹģأ
ɬЦЦ۾ֱ˵㣬ϲ
ư͹ŮҰ㣬ʤԼְҡԲ𡭡һʶ㡭ӷ·һ۶˼εصͷҲ˵һ仰
һʶ㣬һϲġ
ǣģϾ
֪ˡѩ̾һֻ¶֮ɫ޲ûġ
òһ꣬һİ
ðɣűӴʧϡ
ʵαִأߵѩǰִļϡ̾ϢʱʱӺûģСȴ˱ˡڲŷ֣ԭǡϴ˾ˣóͺɴమġֶûжԭûнֵİ£㹫ӵһ̣עһ硭
ѩعͷҡҡͷڱһͣ
ŮЦݺӣܰˣ΢ЦŸ˸ѩĳζ˵ʵһˣαʹأһҪӵУֻҪԷ۹Ҹ㹻ˣ𣿡˶٣ֽ˵ ԼһжͽͣǱϾҲŬ˰
ѩһ飬·ˮˢеۼȻ
ǰΪʲôԼҪȥأһ˲ûдҸģǿֵġϾϣֹҸһУѾ㹻ˡ
ˣлл԰׵ʢ˾ΥĻ䣬΢Цųͷ
ǣĿӹ飬ĶȴԳˡ
أסأ
𣿡ﰵвôͱ˰ֻӲͷƤҸȥǸǸˣ£ȻȥˡǺǣǺǡ㲻ɣ
ʵ£ʱӡھ֮Ŷ
ŵɡĪޱضһۡ
ѩƬʧ
ûйϵɡ΢Цҡҡͷֻ˵˸ˮתҴûкڹ
ǵģûкڹ
á·ܹ˼
͸öĲһ԰׵Ĺ䵽ѩϡ
С㣬ˡһ翡õ߻ţǸȰСʱĸ׺Լ˯ʱͯҥ
ѩϵ˫֣΢Цű۾΢紵ɫɴȹëӯƮоԼһһܻĭ
һӷĿҫ۵Ĺʣյޱ
ǸŮʧˡ
߲ʵĭƯڽܣڣڣ£һ߲ʹţŹϣĵطȥ
ԲûоȻѩʳˡһˮ˳Ȼ䡭
ڳˣҲ

˴һлعʱŷ֡ղŻվڽˣȻȣŸջָƽȺ𾪵У׷
ѵ˼ˣǡҲĭˣ
죡쿴㲻ǰ𣿡
ɧҵȺͻȻ˴ָϷ
ģ
ϵ۵ʹߡ
ʰ쵵ĭƯݶϣ˫׵£һʹ㴿Ц𷢰˫߲ʹţ߾⡪
ɲǣţǰƺֻʣ⼸õĶáƽҸ
һϵʹ߰ɣɴε龰֪Ҹˮ

㹫һõҸɣ
ǲܵõҸǣǱϾҸ

ԶжԶأ
Ƕ֪
ӦʵҸһֱߡ
һ죬㿴ƯѤݣ᲻ǸɫŮ
ߣһֱǿĵط΢Ц
ߣһֱػǵҸ
ߣѾӵҸ
ȻǲԶͣ졣ǰһиõڵǡ
㹫Ϊ˿
ΪµһҳһȫµĹ£Ҹ㡭





4.1.ѩ

΢˿ɫɴ
͸ϸСĴ죬ظɫĴһĿĽɫ
ʱ
ҽԺҡС
¶ӰǵǻڴǰյҫĿĺʼδ
δ𣬵δ
ʱһһŶȥ
ʱ
ڼŽϣ˫ֽճȭüڳϸϸĺ飬˿۾ûһ˿ࡣ
ɫҫǰѧ֤ϣԵøҫۡ
ʱʮ֡
ͻȻһҵĽŲ
žǡ
֪ͻȻƿˡ
ʹĻУֱԶصʵ
ݣ㵯ʶ򼱾ҵĴţȻյδĺơ
һٵŮ
ʧתȥһŮխߵҴĳƮݣ¶ǳɫ
ꣿ
۵һ˿ӵɫ첽ӭȥ
Ҹյ¼˿ڹ ˵ͷֵû𣿡˿ͷϺƻĵƣ۾΢΢졣
ţ̱ϣ˫ֽеʣǡҲãʱûоܾĲȥôͲᡭ
۵絶һۿתӲذ˻ȥ
꽫ִļϣСصҪҵʱסͲᱻײ ۾ʪģ͵һ£תȥס鶯ʵؿҺú¡Һú£Ĳݣ᲻ᡭ
¡ ɳƣȥٿ
ǡ
֡
΢ؾ˵ģˡ
һҽ˳ƣ̫Ѩ
 㶣СѯҪҪǰʡ
ȴˣ˸ƵĽԭأһˡ
δ꣬ҽѾժϵĿ֣һǳ˹ʵĲݵļ𣿡
ѡ ״ΣĲݣĲôˣҡҲʧȥ
ȱ𼤶ҽ̾Ϣһһ̾Ϣϧҡҡͷο㻹ǽڰ˳ɡѾŬ
㻹ǽڰ˳ɡѾŬ
ѾŬ
ʲô˼
ʲô˼
ǲ˵ĲѾˣ˵
ʲô˵Ĳǰʧ
ѾúĹɡҽҡͷһӰʧȵľͷ
ĲʧʹޣҲ˵ȥˣһܿˡ
ԭأþûж˱ѣͷ˽ż⡣
ҽ˼ǲǡ
Ĳˣ
Ĳˡ
ˡ
ˮģ۾ҲƤӰڿЩʲôأ
֮ǰôӵضԴ
۾ն֪ԼڸʲôҪʲôأ磬ʲô̮ˡ
Ժ޷ֹظֳĲݵЦ
ҪŶ
ǰͻȻȻĲݵӰ
ݣȻȥɴģֻǿ
ǻþ
㿴ӣֿˡǣĲݵЦȻǰƯˣӣһʼһ㡣ҲҪˡ
ǣҲܡʧ
ġһҪúõػȥ֪𣿡Уңúչ˻꣬𣿡
أݣҪߡ
ҲܡҪǸطȥˡĲݶЦţЦ绨Ӧңôúõػȥչ˺ûꡭ

ô
á
ôԼˡӣֿʱһġ
΢Ӵⴵطɢҫ۵Ľ⣬Ĳ΢ЦţӰʧǲõС
ݡߵǰԶȥ
Ŀ⣬ԶƬӣ֣ӣС,ɽͷ
ӣϸƮ䣬ѩѩף͸硣
ӣˡ
ӣٿʱҾͻ
ĮȻɫ𽥺һЦݡ
ݣһģһ
ݣҰ㡭

أѩ






4.2.ġ

㡪
SummerȹݵĴűƿˡ
ӹ̨̧ͷλģŮҴұ˸
ˣƼ̡ˡ΢ЦƳ̨ɵؽӹеİ
ӣءƼ̴Цָ˸ԴˣٰҿһٻȥȽȥһᣬźá
š鵭Ӧһתص̨ֶæˡ
磬һ˰ɣƼSummerȹݵϰ壬Ǹءμʱ򣬲ûлǵݣΪǡĺӡṩӸסΪ˱ȻҪæ
ЦЦͷʶ
ǣΪֹûѰҵټһһҲ˵УħǲģǾΪʲôأ
뵽ֲ͸͸Ĳգڵҹƺмǹ˸ǵƹ𣿻ǹ⣿
ĪѾž֮һˣô˵żˣÿ춼ȥʲôֵ顱ÿζʧ飬죬ԼҲǡ䡱ҹŻô
㡪
һĴٴαƿˡ
ǽŲƺˡ
ӭ١ͷҲ̧˵
Ա鷳һŮ
ǣԵһ¡һ֣Ѹٽʲʰãó˵ͱʣ첽ȥ۾شԷ
ŮһͷǳͷСɰǳǳЦţҹա
ӣֿءղ˵ŮŴҹɫƮӣ૵߽
ţǰ΢ЦſִһֻϣѾһ˰ɣҴӦݣҪúչŶ
ҲĲݣúչŶŮգգۡ
ܵΪϿӦ°ɣţͷǰһ¶ְҵԵ΢ЦãλҪЩʲôأ
Ҫһ˵ţ̧ͷ
Ŀԡ
ϵı˲˲䣬ıתΪɾ㵡
ôˣŮֵ˳Ŀ⻺̧ͷ
ž
ϵĲ豭Ӧ飡
Ůʧ۾ʧȥʧǡ
ôˣ꣬ŮĪĸоȻֲǹΪʲôֲĿⶢ
ĲݣʲôϷӦǰһץ֣ʧĲݣ㡭ˣ
һûһĺɫһ羫Ƥӣһģһòһ
һͻľٶˣ㵯ȴס 
㡪֣Ҳʶ㣡鼱ˣ㡭ٲ֣Ҿͽˡһ˵ţһҪԼ֡
Ĳݣ㲻ǵˣǺǸԳơļһҪгʲôƵģסֲš
Ҳʶ㣡龪Ųѣˮ峺ĺɫʱ̿֡⡭ǲвƴԼʲôĲݣĲݡ
ʧɫֻ뾡
ݣ㲻ʶ𣿡Īرúۣ㻹ǵ𣿵һԼʱұգ˵ţǷǰҪļ䡣
˫صɴ
̬УһţȻ͵˦֣ͷҲصس˿
㡪
ݣ˲ϽϵʹѸ׷˳ȥ
Ʈҹӣķҷӭ洵Ƣ
һżشSummerȹŶȴŮӰʧԶľͷ
Ҳ׷ˡ
ʹԭأԶ޾ĺڰ
ӣŨҵϢ
ΪʲôΪʲôǲݣΪʲôأţֻӿն
ΪĲݰ֪ʲôʱ򣬼Ȼ΢ĳںҹзĺ⡣
ǣִ˵㿴˫ӣĲݵģҲĲݵģǾĲݣһǡ
֣ỨС㡭㲻˵ҪĲչ𣿡
ڣˡ
ЦѵţǸôʹأһθ飬ʲô
Բ𡣡ͷֱ΢֣һǣŲ¡
ɵˡıúʹʹˣĲѾˡ
ģݣˡ
ĸѵˮһ̣ͻƻֳա
һڱʯ˺ʹࣺû
ˣʧҪĴ
תͷȥЦˣЦúܲã֣һƬӣĻȻƮ䵽ϣɢŵ㡣
ӣء߶žӨˮǶԴһеѣĲ˵һģӣٿʱͻ
ڣӣֿˡ
ݣǵģһǡ
žžž
ˮһһεصϣʪϵĻꡣ
תȫվԵŮһһҡҡλεԶĺڰȥįӰʧˡ
ԶȥӰͫսһеϢĿ˲
..ݡ
֣˫ԭγɲǼ䰵ˣͻȻ˸һ£ֱڣȼ˲ɶֹŭ𡭡
ӣɢһصİˡ





4.3.֮

鼸һ·񱼻صҵġ
ҵؽԿƽף֪ǲڻţŪòŽԿͷͷתһſˡ
ӭֲָĺڰ
ڵƺڻһƬڵӡ
û𣿡ţϵĺ飬ںڰ˳ܱߵǽţһ͹ƽİŤ
žˣ׳ĵƹ⽫ССյ
ӵڲǺܴ󣬵ʰúܸɾǽҲ࣬һܰĸо
۾ĿȻתԱߵխɳϣ˲㵡
Ȼббһ꣡˯һͿ꣡
ĵƹббϣճſĽëΣǡý˯ֵ쾡¡
ĪǼһʲôʱģΪʲôҲһĪ쵰ĵײƵðһŭҲҧø졣һڿɵô࣬һʧġ̬ղŵǼ£أȻġϿΡ
ţüͷŵĪӣ׼ȥĪ쵰͵

һ𣬼ɹºڷҹԵС͵Ҳᾪôˮܱϵ
ѾͷʲôĪŴɳϵűʹһõظ۵Сۡ 
㡭Ϊʲô͵ҧ
ۡĪӦţ˯ɣԺؽͷɳϡ
ѵҾͲ𣿡ǰҡ
ܷѾͷĿ֣̬ȻһĶӡ
顰һŭ㡭ʲô̬
̬ȣĪش˸Ƿ۵ɫͷӣҸˡ
ҪƵϡ㡪˭ͷӣ
ŶȻĪĲ֮üͷԽԽҲȥѰҾ𣿡
ͷ
ȻҿһͷǳͷĪ޷޵ص
Ȼأ
֪ѰҡŹֵ顯˵ͳɤӸ˵ĳطɢųζ
ţ
Ҿ͸ȥĪɫԽԭһˮԭǳͷƭҰǰĳˮߣȻвң˵Ҳ˵󡭡
ֻðˣСعղɫ
ţĪصصͷ
ǺǡЦȴ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôȥοԼһϽѰҾʱҲͬͬǣһ̫̫ѯ̫̫Ƿֵʱ̫̫ҲƴͷҲȥ¡أʲôһʬ壡ɢųζҪûĵ̫̫Щʬô
ʲôĪԴ
ûûСӦš
Īüëһһ˿ƵЦݣ˵
ʲô
ĪЦԽŨңװϳĲ㻹ġɣ 

ôСû˵ˣ
ȥ

С峿ůůţֵƮŷɫӣ꣬һڿеľ飬
ŵӣĵȻδɢ
ֵһˣͨתɺɫ
㣬㣡ôҪٵˡ֪ƼһӦĪ첽شеϲǵɫ
òãĵشһǷ޻һ
·͡Ļյ㱻Ӳ˻ȥȻֹ
ôˣͻȻûĪЩ̫ϰߣۣɻؿ
΢΢鴤һ£۵ҵɫһˡ
ȹݵǰһ걳ǽڣҫ£Ӷԣʹ㴿ࡪǣ˵ôģôģ¡
Ǹ꣡ǸƴʲôĲݡ꣡ǸҪǿꣿʲôţ԰ɣɡǣΪʲô
컹ΪϴˣҲû̫⣬ǸĪ˵ˣɡǡ쾹ȻˣĪʲôë
վһ˲̧ͷ飬зɿϲõɫ첽
һ£ԹĪ
ôˣĪƫͷȥֵʵ
״εصָǰȴű治巽
ĲݣδĪ𻰣Ѿվǰǰ꣬ϵϲһӱʧӰ٣ȡ֮ģŨŨļ⣬㡪˭
ֱĪɻ޴ҡͷСصҲʶҲң˵˵ʲôŮѣƴңҡҲ֪ƺǶ˼ĪͷִϣʾҪš
˭Īüëǰһ
𣿡ηӭĿ⣬ģѡһһ٣ûһ㺬
ȵڿᣬ˲ѹ飬
ȻǸӰĪķȴؿҪɱ˵Ŀⶢ֡Īյ֡
һ£ϽƿԼߡ
ĿãĪͻȻһ޵Цݣ簵ҹڰս˵ѣ˭
Ȼͼüûд𻰣ȴ¶Ȼ׼ɻ
ҲѡмƳ˶Էһۣصӹˮӯۼ
飡һͷײʲôͷԾҵȼշȣŲҲվȣ찡ǰ죬Ϊʲô˺ܶǡ
⡭һ˵ʲô
Īһе΢ѹһʧһůĻ
ιѾͷᣡֻĪСȴһȦȦײĺΣҡֻǰΧ
šͷӦһȴ̺һƬ
ܵĶǴΪðɣ֮ʹǿѹǻŭ𣬵ſ
ƾʲô
ҵġ
ҵŮѣôŮأĪڶػ졣
΢΢һɫ漴żĲݣ֪㣡㣬ԲǡΪʲôأΪʲôһǰҪ뿪ѵʧˣǡΪʲôѵʲôΪʲôң
Ĳݣһ˿ϣͶϣң㲻ģǡ
Ҳʶ㣬ҲʲôĲݣҽ顣ĪܾͬС¹岻ߵͨ죬޲һȥ
ңҡġǸŮѡ֧֧صΣǱĪǼһԼġסûˣء
βʹĵɫ
ǣʶԼôôΪʲôҪأ
ĲݣΪʲô ǰһҪȥ顣
뿪Īصͬʱֵסǰ
ҹȥŭ
뿪Īٴظ
ĲݣȷȷʵʵҵŮѣ
𣿡ĪһĨЦݣתͷ˵Լ˵
ҡ˵Щʲôе޴ؿС
˵ϲҡ
һ֡ô
˵ǲ˵Լѡ񡣡ĪЦţ۵һĨɫ
ԥһ£Сض˵ϲһǳɣûмϡΪʲô˵ô
ѵΪǼٻ
ġϲŲǣŲҪϲԼô˼룡
סתŰˡ
ΪʲôҪ飿ѵԼǵԼôȥҲǰ취롭룬һ취ȴġĲݡļ䡣
ţڣڣתȥҰ˿˿Ĳᡣǰһ仰ƺźܴ
Ҳġ
ġ
ʹûһϣҲҪĲݣ
ݣҰ㡣
һ䷢ϵĻȴ˼Ƥ
ǷءĪ૵˼ʼԺƬ̣תԼΪĿ㻹ңôһ£
֣ɫ糺죬Ƕ˶ƺԥ˺ܾãͻȻת򿧷ȹ෴ķܿ
ι





4.4.ĳ

ιҪȥ
ۿŮҪٶʧĪ͵ǰһܣضס֡

ڹã鵹˼һʧȥƽ⣬صĻС
ſҡòײվȽţȴ̧ͷȥ
СѾͷ̫ǱŶĪ˫Ȥؿ
š
ΪʲôҪӣֲǹĪȤ

ˣղŵġסյǰɶЦţղΪʲôôţǲǡϲˣ
žһĳ񾭶ϵˡ˵ǴĶ
šûУŤתͷȥ粵
ûáһ۵һ˿ӵɫûǵɣ
ȻûУʵĪôһѣżѰҾ飬ǡĪ˵Ҫշ飬ӰҲ
ߣҿѾͷ˰ɡĪ۾гһߣϹЦŨҡ
㡭㡭 
ˣѾͷôãƼһȵúܼˣϽȥɣ Īϵɫ˻֮ͣҪȥѰҾ飡
֪ˣ֪쵰ĳĹĵصıӰ̲ס˼䡣
ǣһ뵽ղŷһĻĻ˵ꡭ
ôˡ

ȻزУ԰
˫ĿŸѵˮأȻ˵ʧ䡣
Ȼȴ֪ԼڼĵһۿʼѽĲʵһɶ֪ؽĲȥ֮ǰļνˡ
뽩ţ֪һصӣӳ
̧ͷƮĺһصģвһ֪أȻ
פƤصķǦһ㣬˫ãǰȻһƬģģ
˼΢΢һתʱɫͽȻףֻоģƺһ˺ˡ
ؼǵãǿӣ£ʵģͬĻ䡭
ģһ

У԰ӣϣӣƵشƮ䣬ӣ£鱾ֽɢһڣԱ߰һѵ
һŮļٵʰŵϵ鱾ɫĳһɫ˿߸ֻӨ͸ӸгĿɰǣȴ
ô죿ô죿ٵˡţͬȹϵϡ˲ϸϸܵĺ飬޴ʰŵϵ顣
ĿͶܣΧѧæظȥѧûע⵽ⲻ۵ССӰ
ˡŮʧ䡣
ͻȻһֻظɢֽϣŮ΢΢һɿ̧ͷöһ˫ӡ
Ƭʧ
ŵ΢ЦɫһҺˮ峺
곯ЦЦֵͷѸٵؽϵ鱾ʰһ
ŵ΢ЦŽ鱾˹
Ůٴδ糺죬˼ֽӹ鱾βżһ䣺ллл
á΢Цů㣬ҽʲô֣
ңŮǵøˣЦЦҡҽĲݡ
ĲݣĲݣγһ΢֡
ллл
ܸʶ㡣
ţҡҲǡ
ȥϿΰɣҪٵˡ
š

ӣ£ĲݣһοɬŮҪػһӵĳ嶯
ڽԼ˵˳ڣ˵һػɡ

ҪػһӣѵԸʵ
Ϊʲô
ġȴһ֣նظĲݣʶ
ÿһ䣬ÿһ֣һϺݺݵظһѪʲֹ
δ𣬵δ
оĳʪʪ˳Լ䡪
䵽ϡ
ΪʲôҪ
ۺɫӣۺɫᡭ
ȻЦȻ̧ѧ¥ķȥ
ĳᣬϵѷ޷ϡ





4.5.Ůľ

ͷΣ
ҹ룬Դڴϣӻѽѽȫ
ת䣬ҹ䣬֪תһİɭС谵խСʪϢѵİͷ
һֳǽڣպպشԼֹģŬҪǽڴ󺰡ĳ嶯
ǸСӻĲİɧŵĶԼأ
Ȼ桰ɧšСSummerǻ֡ԹǷƵģŪҪѡ
ò׳עⳭСˣȴİĵط·ˡ
УĪǼһﲻǳȥҾ𣿿ǡ֮黹Үûо֮飬ȥʲôǸ϶ȥε͵ȥˡ

浹ù浹ùԴСӺûһġѵǴ˵еġǡ
ٶҡͷ̾Ϣ
߹հĲתͷĿѣ߳ΡԹתһסõطܽĹ㳡ҪɵллصʱȻǻħİ
԰ȻһħʦΪʲôħأԴ·˰ɣԼʲôʱ򡭡ôˣ
ᡣ
أ˳ǰǸӡͣɣǾ㵽ĪϺˣȿȡԣΪʲôԼ뵽
ʡһ˳ʪҹƮĶ䡣
΢΢һתͷȥ
ҹɫ룬¶˰ٻӰϸĹ͸ķ϶յŮϡɴһ㣬Ůܡ
һк˲Ʈá
Ǹ췢Ů룬ĳҹƮ㣬һɫĻĴ׷ɣںҹзŵĹ⡣
ҿɲԡ
ꣿָ΢΢Ȼֻһ棬ؽгŮ֡
¶ɫúһŰֽ˭
죬㶵ؿһ仰Ҳ˵ǰɣȻǵԼ˭ˣ
ꡭҲʶء ЦЦ̧ͷ£γתŵİˣҲʶ
ǡ
ң˭أ ٴˣ¶ãɫҡԼˡ
ô㡭ʲôһ˲ϵĺӵ
ҡ˼Ƭ̣һȻЦݣ㣬ҿԲԸһ顭
ݱĻ䵽ϣһɹĻ˱ǶŨ˴
ԥƬ̣ڹصص˵ͷ
áЦ绨㡭
㣬ҪӽŶΪΣհ ϵ΢ЦЩӲֽӹһƬ꣬ţĻ
ҹΡ
ŮãȻתһһأתʧԶҹ
Ʈɵĺɫ꣬Ҳ뿪ʧˡ
ԭء
Ҫӽ仰ʲô˼
ѵ˵ҪӽꣿԣǼ꣬ñ˲ҪӽԼЦǣ˵겻Լ
ǣǣѽң
ķңԺ̲סһᡣ
ž
ʱ˼
ҪŭȻɵϵľ֮顪ԭղǾ֮ڵˣ
ת¹£֮ڱˮϲţɫĹŽΧţԵø겻
֮Ϊʲôᶶأ
ӣʰϵľ֮飬ͬʱĿڷʧķ򡭡
Զĵ·һ޵׵ĺڶκεľȴҪһɡ
ŮӰ
ʪ΢紵ɢҵĳذգӣŵȥǹŨϢĻ㣬ʹ֮ƽ
Ȼ
꣬Ǿ
ǲǻ֮顪󣿡 





4.6.֮

֮飬. a necklace of jade and pearlsľ顣߾Ը֮һáʹħʱֻܻɫĹâԻ֮ơ
˫ɳϣĬž֮ϹھϢԺ˼״̬
Ȼһ
Ϊλûʲô֡鷢
Ϊûֵ鷢ǲһֱûҵ
ȻˣһǷǸйأ˵Ǿĸ֮ˣҪȻ֮ҲӦ
üͷﷴĥһ⣬ܾ¾е򵥣ȻΪʲô鲻ֱǣǻȥҪˣղԼҪӽ˼ǲǣҪӽꣿǸʲôصġ
벻͸
󣬼꣬еĲݣ·һж΢ϵ
žǣݵŷһſˡ
ˡ˫ͷҲ̧ص
ѽƣ͸¶Ű־ȣҲÿ˭
ǻҾһŰ߳ȥ۽һۣǲأĪ󻵵ȥճǲȥˣǡȥ͵ˡ
ιι˼Ҳǻ˿СѾͷôòáĪ¶һЦݣ黺ڱ֣ѸײڶٶȽһ䵽ͷϡ
龪һɳϵСʹһţűʹԴŭصǸڻЦļһ쵰
ĪЦؿС飬ǡŶ
еôȣŭֳһҪȥ
ǰĵʱ򣬡˼顱鷢ˡ
Ķ񶨸һֹͣˣ
ֶ˰ա
⡭ʲôͻȻ֣ԴɻʵסǰǸղĪõĶ
ĪһûˤβŷӦصƬ
ӣɻˣɿزзܵĴӣƬȫ˳еһš
⡭ǡ۾˲Բ΢΢òеƬ
׳ĵƹҫƬƬϵŮɬ΢Цţúһһƺȹҵͷ˫粣峺ĺɫӣӣƬ΢΢ƣǺܾ֮ǰյġ
ƬϵŮȻһģһ
ؼǵãûչƬȻûչôƬеŮֻ˭ģ
ƺɻĪ£ɳʰһƬŮĲݡ
Ĳݣ·һԴסˣųһ
ѵƬеŮеġĲݡѹԼôԭĲݸһģһ
ôĲأ
ҳȥʱżȻֻĪУҴĲݵŮһǰȥˡ
˻˫Դؿ㶮ô
Ƭ˲ģڿд˼ȦڻƮ䵽ϣڵƹűĿĹâ
ȥȥˣĲһǰȥˣһһ漴Ϯġ
ףԭ飬Ƿ񣬶ǡ
Ƕ԰ִš
ǡĲݰĲǡ
ǵʱˡ
һûڡ
ΪʲôʱΪʲôʱûнǲֻʵˣҪ˼ҵġأ
Բ𡭡
һŷƵƬͻȻͬĪصһֽС⡱Ķ

Լҳʲô𣿡Ԥƽ硣
԰ǧԣһصӣ꣬ۺɫһƬĿ
걳ŮǳǶôıŤ
ôԶҡɬһЦ۵һ˿ֵɫ
ȥޱɨһۣҲѾ˵
ֻȻûпǹҡ
Ȼûʲô顣˶Ų˪ȡ
벻롭Ĳݻ
ͻȻһ漴Ųˡ
תŵؽ㡭ղ˵ʲô
˵Ҫ㡣Ц绨һһٵص㻽Ĳݵļ䡣
ֻʵһǰĲݲû
ʲô䣬Ѿؽ㡭⻰ʲô˼
㣬һĲݣͶ߷֡Цʺ촽һ款Ļȡ
ǵãһ֮ǰҽԺ𣿡
Ȼʧֻؿʲôģ۾Ȼصص˵ͷ
ʱҽǸ㣬ĲݡôʵǲûмΪ壬ֻǸҽͬƭǰˡЦһбۿı顣
ΪʲôѸ£һ㲻ǼİҶ
ѵǡĲݲˣ
ĺܺġ
Ϊļ䱻ɾˡ
Ůﻺ³⼸֣˫ų˵ĺ
ԭ·ĵӷˣеĿ־ʱһɨ⡣
ܡ˵
ǰָӡŲ԰ҵӣһĨɫˣΪʲôļ䱻ɾأ
ûд𻰣ֻһֱע
Ұ㻽ļ䣬òã޳ָ귺׵Ĵǣİͬһ˿ߣջģһأս
𣿡ʡ
ʲôʱƭ㣬ֻҪ㽫ԼԼҾͿ԰㣬ΪʲôͲҪˡ
𣿡
áĵĵǾջ󣬴Ӧˡ֪ǸջǲΣ壬ĸԸһ̤ȥж԰Ρ
ҴӦ㡭
Ͷһ֧һ֧Χһб޴Ѫ죬ˡ
Ůҫ۵ĳ»ݱһЦݣأأڼĴǻ





4.7.˫Ů

ҹ޹⣬ڸ£ڰ䵽ϡ
һʮߵĹԢƵı
¥B713ҡ
Ԣķڵȼһ֧˸ǽԾӰһӰ
ױ̨ǰһ췢Ůǰľӱҫø
ĵӰ
ֻǺܲͬеŮɫĳʣɫ͸ŨŨı
ǰӣĵԼĳ
еŮԹؿһۣ촽΢ƮãģҪ𣿡
û긧Լ˿ĺɫЦһҪ
ǣѾ̫ˡ
סɣݺݵصһۣˣϵʱ㵽׸Щʲôûңȥɣ
ѵɵʱ䣬ҲûôŮƭңȻͼȡҵΪ㶨Լɱ㣬ڣֻϣܲĿơǣܹˡ
ߣ㱿Ŵҡ겻мҶԿûк³ģ֪ȰͶɡԹԵأ˼ȫҰɣôǣӴ˾Ϊһ塭Ǻǣģһúöġ
ŮҡͷҲܸ㡣Һ㡣ɫĹâ֣˲ڸǾӡ
ӵĻƷŮʧˣĵӰ档
ֻǣϵаʧӰ١
ʹ࣬ӵɫӣֲ˴ˡ
һξӨȻ䡭





4.8.˰ϣ

Ǳ˰ţϸϸضеĵͼƾš˲תơħҵĿĵء
ϳŵͼһѾ˵ɫżġ
ֻм̵ļ仰µ˵ϴˣԸǸ
֣ȻǸΪʲôȹݸ˵أǺǿҵͬУ룺ðɣһΡĪԼˡ
վһߵΧϣ˶һ
ǰһһСɽһСϪɽѵرϢɽʢŴƬĺɫ䡣ʷ״չһһ꣬צӣ塣
ֻƺϤ벻֡
ˣʱ򣬴ϸĽŲ
šӦһͬʱػ
һոµİɫɫĿȴĥ΢΢ף㲶Ѫɫݡ
ӿ˽ŲԼ鲻ص˼Ȼ˵ںͬǱһľ~
ֻһϸ΢Ķȴ۵ףǣס˽Ųӹһ˿ײĿɬ
ʣʲô𣿡һضŶԷýŽµСݡ
ؿǰŮĺɫ˿˳ҵĳƮڿУ˫ˮӣǳֿǻɡ
ŮʧȥĲ
Ŷ˵ġСǸ
˶٣һһ˵꣺СҵŮѳ̫ˣʧءԣ˲㣬Բ𡭡
ЩǼģĿǡΪ
ôᡣҶûй㡣ߣѾһԭѾָ˰Ūĵġ
ǾͺáЦЦͬʱ̧ͷ˿̵ɫԶ߲֪ʱһ㵭ĺΣù졣
ʱˡ
ţǲ֪һЦݡ
ôˣ׵ΪͻȻͻͻԤУ޷Ƶشĵð
㡭㡭ЦݣԽԽˡʶغ˼ȴͻȻסˡ
Բ𡣡ЦҫۣĲݣҰ㡣
ۣԴ䡱һը죡һԴסˣǿžŲѵСĸΣϳϻ̵̻˦Է֣Ҫûʲô£ߡ
ԭһﲢδָղŵһֻǼ
ˣʮȻΪϼƣҪӲߣħ
˭Ҳ뿪ҪһͻȻһ㼵
һδƽһ𣡴ߺԴһʱǹէ֣Ľ
Ǹ˾Ȼǡ??꣡
㡭ʲô
ġ 국ЦЦ
ڻеЦһĵļ꣬ʱȻ򣺡ǡǱΪ飡
ǱΪ飿ǰɡ ЦɫĹâ彩ӲֽҲʹˣá
굽ʲôˣΪʲôܸоԷɢа
ԡˣ֮أʶؽ붵ô֮龹Ȼ޷Ӧ
ô£Ϊʲôһ졭
ܺСŮüɫ裬欵Ц˿˿ܿϧҪԶ뿪ˡ
⻰ʲô˼Ҫɱٿðһ亹ŮÿֲŶ
꣡㲻˵ҪĲݻ𣿿Ϊʲôʱͱˡ
ѽʲô˼ǵ˵ʲôԽԽͿֱŶͷԡ
ߡЦΪĻ㣿ֻˣɵϡ
㡪ΪʲôҪһŭ
ΪʲôҪôںأüĿ赭дӹ飬ʵĲݣ͸֪ˡ
ԣ㲻˵
˵ĻҲţЦĲˣˡҸ㣬ĲҺģ𣿡
ѻȸ
ͻȻһŨķ磬ĺɫ׷ɡ
ܵĿŨϢ
ٵĺڷ
㡭˵ʲôĿʧ񣬺ؽظһһ飬㺦ģĲ㺦ġ
鲢֮ǰ̸˿̣ȴˣ벻С续ŮȻ˶ǣɫȿ״
ΪʲôҪĲݣһ룬Ѿʧȥ԰㳯
Ϊϲ㰡 ¶ʹĵɫ૵ڻһΣҾѾϲˡ
ꣿ˭Ȼʣԡ
㻹ǵãһǰ˽𣿡ڻ꣬һɫС
ꣿ
˽ڣ
ɫСɫС
ˣˣһ죬ԭȥĲ򻨵ġ
㡭С㣿㡭ǿɳˣڵء
ûӲس˳ǣֽŵʼһϲɵ㽫͸Ĳʱҵı㿪ʼʧ䡣ǣҳע⣬ˡĵӣҺʹ졭Ϊע⵽ңұ㿪ʼӽ󻹸˺ѣЩˡ˵ǲǺܿЦͻȻЦһĨɫ
ЦţƺЦԽԽңķɻɽҰĺɫҲҪԾ
㡭Ǹӣͫױ䣬һԺȴ˼

һġ214գ˽ڡ
ҹĻûн٣ɵƮŰɫѩ׺Ƶ衣
ƿĴţ˽ȥҪΪĲһӣ
ĸоӣ㴿ɰ
ǸӣոˡϰһǸ⣬Ȼ΢Цﻹõ塢޹²ݡ
ˡʧҡҡͷ뿪Ŀȴһֲסˡ㶣죬ֹ
ưĻǴĿĵĳ죬Ѫݱһӱס˵Ŀ⣬ȴޣȴˮ
۹áϰһӲ׽ϵɫϽüЦǸ˵ġһõı˰
˰
ǰ֪û˰Ĵ˵ܾúܾǰеıԵ˴ƬƬı˰Ҳɳػ˰һ飬һҶɳغ˼ǧı˰Ǵûм棬Ϊʱ򣬻ʱҶӣҶʱҶǷű˴ˣʹĥšһ죬ǾΥĹ涨͵͵ؼһ档Ҳ֮еģɳֻأԶҲһ˼ܵĥѡԺɳֽ˰˼ǿĻϰЦе˵š
ǡҾҪáһȻĪû

ۣƯĻĲݾϲؽӹƯĺ컨лл
ϲ𣿡
ţǸֺ𣿡
áؿ
ǣͽСɣĲ˷ȸԾ
ãͽС㡭

С㲻ˡĲţˮۿﲻסشȦȦ
ޡʹظͷοˣٸһáòã
šĲ̧ͷ΢Цϻδɵ顭

㡭Ǳ˰ޱ𾪡ʲôаȻײһ!Ŀתضż꿴һ϶ϢظԺ˰һǧ꣬һǧ꣬Ҷ鲻ΪԵע
ֻעǱ˵Ľ֡
ݣǿߣŮǷӡɫŹֵţȥ顣
ˡͻȻƮޱȡ
⣡ͻȻԴûӦѾˡ
ܻع˿磬ϵƶ÷ƬѪ̳ɵĵ̺죬˸ĵĺ⡣ŮľڷзƮǹаЦݣؽ˫ֺƣɫĹâҪӴָܰرӶ
ʱƬı˰Ǳ˴߳һƴ賤˳٣ڿš
ɤвǧǧѸһ𡪡ĺǻһ̣кҲ
Ĳݡ
ȵĻȸˣֻһٿһȻǰʧˣ

ĪڴϷɱϵѽĵĽǱ¶š
ԼҲе㾪㵣ԼôΪʲôᡭżѾͷȻһԾȥ˵ģ
ֵ֣ȥѰҾˣôһ磬ѾͷͲˣƼ˵ȥ˰ŸԼŷ²
ǣ˰Լû±ç˳ˡѾͷˣ
ﶼãһ򵥵ħ䶼ʩһһʲô¡
Ϊʲôħˣ
ʵҲԼΪʲôңΪͬ𣿡ʲôһֵ뷨һҪúػ
Īջ׷ħ˿ü̧ͷǰɫǰ桭ƶȼ˴ռֱǽ޷
ħ磿
ѵ
һ𣬺ԥǰȥ
ˣ쵽ˡ
ģͻȻһǵӰӳǰһǸô˵ǣأô
ιأһǷˣôкҲ;ֱǰԷ죬سԷ
˰Ŀͣҡҡͷ˵˼֡
˰Īһ㶣ץŶԷֲһɡ
ڵϡ
Ī΢Ƭ̣ĿǰҰĻϣ˰,Ѥŭš





4.9.˰£

ܣ
ƬĺɫУţ˫ƴ˺ϵ٣һһػżаȵŶǺǣͲҪˣֻʹ࣬ûѿŶ
ҪҪУȥĻĴԼҪϢĸоһһϮʹ侲
ŵڻܣɫʶ
УȥĻģ˶һֻ֡Ȼ˵ƽʱܶװģʵܣһΣκˣĪڣֻܿԼ
ɫħ˿ָȫͻȻУɿظ˲ϵ٣
صڵϣڴڵشŴΪԼһСҡƺ˵̫ˡ
㡪Ȼͻıһָܿһĸ߰ԭҲѹһֱ鲻Ĺȥ
ħòãüضŶԷ
СŮҪҿꡰЦһƮı˰ꡣ
⣡͵ﰵв˵ʱ٣ʱ죬һҵĺӼָ
ʶһǣǵ⾹Ȼ˲仯ǧǧƵ޴ӣ
̫͹˶Է
Ͻ䣬һ׹鱴͸ʱصǰ
ž
ħ뱣ַ˾޴ĦɫĹâ·ݽߵԴȪԴԴϵȥħһᱻȫĵģһҪħȫĵǰ취
ħĺ鷳鰵룬ô͸ħˣȻ˵ĸħսپΨһ취
ħĦľ޴âĴħֺ˼걳󡪡ǼһȻûз֡
ħָ
ﱾˣÿﶼԼУ˽ˮ˻𡣵ǣԷǱ˰ԼԷ㣬Բħ
ԣֻˡ
ȻڰԶв
ȻаԶвϣ
ôҪ۵ħ֮⣬һ~
Ժɿħ֮ģԴԴϵȫͣеһ㣬âէ֣ϵر۾˫ַǰ
һ˲ڲתü𣬲ŵؿǰǸʹɱŮԲ۾
ѾѾˣŮһ壬ɫĹâĴɢȥ
ûļС
ɹˣ
黺ط˫֣ɻضǰӫӫ⡣
ɢͻȻյСơԣǲǺƣǡǺɫ۾
𾪣ûüӦĻ
Ҫ֮̿£סԼ
˯ȴ糱ˮϮ
գǵвڰϮǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ

Σ
˫վããĻǰɫı˰ʢޣѪΡ
ǣ˰šѾ
꣬ꡪ
ԶشϾػعͷ˭
תͷһŮѾӽҪﴩæ󺰣Сġ
䣬ŮȻûп˹ȥ
ͺԼڡ
龪ŲᣬϽͷԼӣޣ͸İǡٽĿתǸŮϣȴĲҰס

һٿð˺ѵԼ˲ɣȻôأǡǸŮǻҮ
Ůɫĳӳɢ˵Ĺʣ˫Ƶżįɫֻߵűߣ£ʲôССǲǺܼįأҲǰ
ڿˣԭ˰ŵһˣһµı˰
ŮͻȻһͺعԭָСıҶˣʺɫѪ˳ŰƤε˻ϡ
ȻأɫĻΪһ塭
΢ιСͷҡҡӡŮûһģ¶΢ЦҵѪôԼɣһһ۷ʲô飬벻ܱѶԷŶ
ŮָٴδǶ使Сı˰ʱֵ鷢ˣŮȻһɫĹâڵ˻ţһųͣΡ
ûٱ˳ԾˡǸǣǸȻǼ꣡
Ķ簡
ˣô˵ղǸŮǡ
ΧһͻȻŤͷ˽죬ʶҲģǰٴһڡ

ٴ۾
ǰһϤİ
ŮĽںڰƮݣϵ΢Цѩ崼
󣿡صһСξ
΢ЦԼƸԵغһԼġ֮ԽҵԼ
֮
ԼɣһһƭԷԡѶԷƮΡ
š
ɫĹâڽܵĺڰȫˡ

еĹڴǰɢȥʶҲ𽥻ָ
ΧҲǺڰҲǽ磬Ҳξ
˰ţ
˰Ʈɨ䵽ϣģʵĸо
ǰڵаһϢꡪô˵Ѿޣ
ҪȸԾʱһһˮӭ渲ѾͷΪʲôҡ
ЦݶʱߣӲػعͷȥӲؼһЦݣĪĪ㡭
㡪ĪŭɶʲôС㡱ղŻô
úһ٣ǻһߣͱˣû°ɣ
ûСҡҡͷ۾˿ڵϵľ֮ϡ󡭡ȻѾˣ
һ漴ʲôô˵ղŵȫĿ뼾ʶһƬΣһУǲǻһЩˣ
ôˣĪֵؿ
ûʲôڴĿȴǰǸ仨ĺ췢Ůϡ





4.10.

һȥ
ѾͷСġĪҪȥֹ
ҡҡͷƿ֣ǰߡĪؿüۣ΢΢˶ûֹ
국Į¶ı·һ˲ȹǧꡣ
˰ڷҡҷʵѪƻһңڿƮȻ裬ĺ컨׷ѪƮ
欵ÿֲ欵ñˣ欵þ 
˵ˣܱѶԷΪʲôҪҡ㲵һۣԹص˿
ǰվס˽Ų侲صΪȱѶԷԣΥԼ
ס
ͻȻһᣬѹѹǰδеĹµĸоһӵϣδ֮ǰֻһűߵӶɵı˰
ûͬ飬ȻֻһСȴӵи飬뿪ٹµκεͬ鶼ҪŬ
ֱΪѪԼӴ˿ԻΪΡ뿪˹µͿѰҸû뵽Ϊһ֮Ţ԰ˡ
Լѣܹ˭أ
Ȼˮ˳԰׵䣬ӳѪɫѪᡣ
ԡԲ𡭡ҧŸѵ촽ѵ³֣
ڣԸǣĲ˰ɣ鿴ʧӣ
աĲݣһ䣬૵صĲݡĲݣҶԲ

һ죬ϸ꣬뵡
ϸϸ˿ڽɫɡϣ۳һſžӨ͸ˮӡ
ʪĵɢһرǳ̤òӣꡣ
꣬㰡ٲˡʹ㴿Ů΢ЦţһŮֱ֣ȥ
ĲݣҪôż˵𣿡Цſ
ĲС죺ǣǲúȼ˰ǿ졭
ĺ꿴ӰصһĨӵɫ
Ρ
˼صʵеĽͨת죬ʶؽеĲݣҪ·ǡ
ҵȻ֪ĲͻȻ빫·ܽĵطɲס˽ŲͷƤһЦƾͲҪҹ·ŶȻ׻⡭
⣿
ɿԺͻһ
ꡣĲתȥ׺ˮļڷ˵Ҫʲôأݮ⣿ԡ̫ϲݮ
һ仰Ҳûȥ
ԶһܴΣźŵƼ۶
Ʋסĵ׵ջڵʯ˲֡

ǣ˳ȥ΢΢Դɳơ
ѵص˵ͷãȻʧǣһжġĲǶλþصȥ̧ͷȥĻ˲
Բ𡭡þȫ⼸֡
֪û˾ҲǸ߰ļֻ꣬ɢ
ӱԽԽ͸ںһţʧˡ
˰鲻ΪԵע
ΪʲôΪʲô̱ڵϣɳƵصԭĲһֻһΡһбʣ̫ͻȻˣ޷ţҲ޷ܡĽ֡
Ϊִ̫ˣһʼǴġĪصޱؿ
𣿴һʼǴ𣿡ȻЦĴһɵĿ
˭ܲµĽأ
ݣǻȥòãѪ˿۾ת飬ǰǿڰеһ˿ϣ
ȥ
̫ɵˡĪߵǰҲðɣ
ʹ࣬糹ǡ

ֱ棬ĪѷɿؽָĶͷϡ
ͫһɫԽ԰ס

ӣٿʱһġ
ǣӣˡ
ݣƭҡ㡭

׹漴Ϯ˲ûһС
һеһУˡ






4.11.

һĴ죬ƽ̲𡣲ڴϵӰ̤ʱµӡǣȥҴҡ
еĿȱפĿͣһĲϡ
峿Summerȹڣ޼
365죬һιȥˡ˼ţ۾һ˿ã
벻ףΪʲôÿ·ʱͻ᲻Ŷ·ʲôʹֹѾΪһϰߡ
עһЦ룬÷ҡҡͷĿ⡣
ůůشյϣ˵⡣
΢΢һһֵĸоȫһůԴʹĸо
Ϥôİ
Ϊʲô
ʲôҪ飬ҪȴԭʲôҲûǡ
˵ƾļôܻ᲻ǵʲôƲ֣ͺĳЩҪĶˡ
ʲôҪĶأ
ˣڷʲôһģƽƵʱɨȥͷǡ
ƺ΢΢̧ͷ
һԼʮꡢصĸ˽һǰ΢ЦšSummerȹݵϰ壬һŮˡ
ͷȲϣҲϡ
ȻءЦ
ûд𻰣ֻһֱζ۾š
ֺαִ̫أǹһȣʵзʼֵһ̡̾һֵЩ飬㻹˸á
ƮѩǳҪһزǰ

ʲôüͷһ˲䣬ȻǸ˵Ļ
ȻͲҪȥ룬ˡѰգֻԽԽ̧ͷˮĳأһЦˣСҲǵģ뿪ҲһߣԺó̻ȤɡţͻȻӱһ֧׺ӣ֦ݵǰǽ񳿵糺ӣƯɣ͸㡣
糺ӣ糺Ȼĺء
΢΢һɵؽӹ֦ӣ
͸ӣɰ磬Ƣ
Ȼһʱ͡
Ϥĸо

㡪
߳˿ȹݣһ֧ӣ꣬ġֹСš
ͻȻᵽͬͣס̧ͷȥ
ҫ۾ʹ΢۾۷пģһƬһƬ糺Ƶӣ¸Ŀ
ӣֿˡ
ֻĿ⣬ǰޱؽе֧ӣֶڵϡ
ͬЩӣһѷֲ˴ˡ
ıӰįʧڽֵľͷ
һеһУûз
һУֻһΡ
ʵƽʢһʱʼ֮ʱ
󣬲ŷ֣ԭһֻһΡ





5.1.صСݣϣ

лҪ˵ǺǣȫµŶ~O~
ŨصΨһͨ
·ŨܵĲֲ֪߲ʰ쵵ɫԵظǴо綾ģ·߷ܡ
ŨֻԿڵľ
ĪСխСϣΩֲִܱɭĺǣǾٲѡ
ǸǶһСʱˣôͷӵĪ½ǣɿɨһۣǻɵ˵Ļֵط𣿡
Īҿ϶ҡҡͷ
طôãӰҲţһǰ˼
ԱԼͻȻһɳɳ죬ע
ʲô
ʲôƽ
ͻȻһɫĹӰһ
ʶˣǵ̹·׼һ͵
Сģǧһʱһǰɫ䣬ϸһŷ֣ǾȻһɫСߣ
㲻ҪܣôͲĪӺ׷¶ǵɫ
û¡볯¶һЦݣ͸еһʹͷһŷСȵ·ȻѪ߰ߵӡɫѪҺϴСð
ȵȣΪʲôǺɫģղŵߡϳˣҶࡪߣˣ᲻ᶾ
㱻ҧˣĪü˵£ȻҵӦСȡ
㡭Ҫʲô΢΢Ȼؿһ룬һӾ˵ĶȻԥؽ촽˿ϣ˱˿ϵĶѪ
Ŀɿڴؿ˺Σҵͬһ顣СȴϢ޵ûķ¶ѣ֪ʲôеһ̲ס뿿ůϢ
ԽԽ죬ֻʣ޷Ųָ֪оӿʼᣬ֪ʲôʱѾתˡ
ϲ
Դðһ仰һΪʲôΪʲôͻȻ˵һ仰
Ǽٵģٵġ
˿Ƶĸоһǰ벻͸
ס֣жģͻȻʲôϽͣ
ѾˣĪ촽ѾСƿˡ³Ѫ󣬰˼򵥵˿ڴ̧ͷ۾תһĨǵɫõ𣿡
šҵص˵ͷ㿪Ŀ⡣
ƺע⵽Ĳףмɫشͷһ£㣡ôһ·ᱻҧǲǱеı
ʲôֲ֪߻ͻȻܳƺе췴
ˣڲ˵ʱֵطӦö!ĪܣüҪľҵ˾סĵط
ôһ˵Ĭˣ˵ͷҲǣôϡٵĵطأô˰ĿҵɨţͻȻͣһطһʱ䣬˷ܵش쿴һСľݣ
Īһ˳ָķȥ
ǰŨȻһСľݣŨ֪ʲôʱӯ˿СľݣƻãһԶ볾ĸо
㲻ͻȻһľݣ𣿡Īɵ˵
ȻǺ֣طӰҲһòײſһСݣ˵ʲô顣ڵԣӦȥһ¡
Ī˼˼Ӻεص˵ͷðɡ

߽Сݵʱ򣬷һӹ顣
ĪҪѯǷ˵ʱͻȻڴˣҴ洫һ
ӭ١ԵСݡ 
ʵڰһ
ţڵ߳һλˣĺӺܳҪϣͷҲǻ׵ģһ޻ǣȻͺܴ󣬺ܿȥȻǾȡ
үүãʲôطȷӦ
ҽԻһС˴ǼۣЦЦ˻֣ʾǽȥ
ĪһۣԥƬ̣Ǹ˽ȥ

 лҪ˵ǺǣȫµŶ~O~




5.1.صСݣ£

СڵװκܼӣûʲôмһӺͼӣܰڷżɫֲǰݺһţһľ¥ݣƺͨ¥ġ
ԵСݣܵˣ˵ǺԵ֡º˻ؿڡ
֪æص˵ͷղ˵ˡصļwww.2 7t x t.c o m ( ȥ С ˵ )ṩÿС˵Ŷ
˵˵ͷ˹Цţţͨȵġ
ȣһ˲ȡ
ĵۺӣԣһ֪ǲˣħʦ
סô֪ôණĪɿشԵòţҲ˼֡
ˣ˵ǲԵġ˶˶٣ộҵȻ֪Ϊ֪
ôһ֪ǵĿģӾлعϽʵ
Ȼʵ磬δ¶һĪЦݡ
δ
һȣֽŽ˵ԣΪʱѾûĴڣڵʱǾʱ
Ϊʲô
ˡ˲ûлش⣬ֻԹԵ˵ţ˵ǵĿİɣǲǷȥѰ־ɣ
˵ͷ漴ӦȵүүΪʲô˵־
Ϊ־ûѾȻѾһʱҪڱŮھ֮޷Ѿ
֪𣿡ãҡҡͷֽ͵Դ˵˵һ죬ںӱ߸ӳϴϵδϴĺϵʵǷкӶǰĬˡϵ˺ߣ䣺صĺҲ˵ǰٻ൱СЩӱ㱻˾顭
Ͼ˵ֻǴ˵ҲǺķǽȥɣôһ䡣˼һۣȾסľ飬ǵĸԶ˯谵ҰҲ˵Ÿ߳ļҾѧʶ㲩ħкܸߵ츳ǧŭǣǺÿ
˵ţһվȥ
ȵȣͻȻʲôȻסүүʲôҲ֪
ͣסŲת΢΢һЦȻ
ǡԥһ£̲סʵһ֪
֪ʲôһЦҲ֪ѰҾԭ򣬻֪¼Ļԭ򣬻ʵǸԭ򡣡
Ļԭ򣿡Īü¼ǵġ
ˣˣ²ֻ棬ǡ˵۾ӹһ˿׽ɫ
˷ˣôɡϸһУǾ飬ǸҲͽˣһá
ǣ˷·˼ֻ۵Цţҿɲܸ̫࣬Ϊй¶ˣҪ֪ʲôҪŶ~
ۣʲôۣɻؿͻȻٿðһ
˳һЦͻȻ˸ָԻһС
һɫðͻȻеһͷĿѣǧ׹һ㣬³³
ô£ʧɫԼ巢ʲô仯
үүôĪͷ𣬶ƺȸղ˼ʮ
Ͻ̧ͷȻ֡
ĪĪ㡭ˣ龪ȵشܵһУĪһжޱȾ޴
СˡĪͬؿһۣĿ䵽ϣүүΪʲôҪ
Ǻǣȼ۽Ǵۡ
ĳѸʯ
үүҪҸɣұСĪðĿˡ
ǺǣɲС˺ٺһЦ۾˸ŽĹâһ䣬ЩƣʵǽƻļһǧʳŶȻԶǶ
Ȼָԭ״Ȼһ֪һСף;죡
˵ţŵתźţдʣֻŵŷһ⣬󣬡顱һ죬ŴˣĿĹâһӿҫһʱۡ
ƬããĹУͻȻһ֮ǰݸӺ
ӭδȣ





5.2.δ

лҪ˵ᱼ~~~~~~~~ż費£ǰż= =
賿1ŻصңְѽŤ~õù~
Ǯţˣ
ǱҧˣĪرСˣǷһĵù
ޱȻ롣
԰һĵ·ᴩһ޼ʵɽҰܱǧٹֲֵҶдͶϸĹӰ˵㣬ɫҰе׺ɫСɽҰԼĴ䣬һн֯ͯõ磬·һ鴿ˮǶڴ֮ϡ
ɫҲͣڵֻ˵ƴôһ㣬·Ҳ߲ˡ治֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
ûɣܻģĪǿЦͬеС˶һۣο
أСֲ㣬㵱Ȼûϵᣬק·Ωֵµأ㡭㻹Ц 
ЦĪҲϳϣЦѾ뷨¶ţˣ㵽ʲôҪǸˣ
С飬һֱ벻ͨ·ϣ˵
С飿㲻˵ˡǸʲô֪𣿻δĹȣȻõôδ硭
ͻȻֹͣ˵
ôˣգգۡõֻ֣һᣬĪȻԾԱߵһϣ
鱻εͷת뿪ڴȴһ֧ŰɫļĪղվĵطɴܶ
ʲôˣû鷴ӦĪһƯԾȵؽ䵽¡
ž
Ӵзһ죬̳ǵǿոΪվĵطֱֱرը룡֦
ۣס׷ʲô¡ҲǺ£ֻǱĶε¡Թ̧ͷȻĪϬĿֱֱضǰһüӣƺʲôԼָˡڽţ
ҪԼʱĪȴؿˣȻˣΪʲôĲ

ʱǰĲݴ﷢һЦһǹʲô˳
һԭһֻżС飡СһСŰɫСӣʯ۾峺⣬ɫͷ⣬ĴǶ԰͸ĳĪķ
Ưľ飡̲ס̾ȻһԼС̬ȥҺĪץסѲ
治ĿˣȻҵĹǸСͣڰգЦţЦô档
ЩǾĴ֮𣿡Īüë䡣
СûһŭЦøӲãҽС··飬ղŵֻǶǵ飬ϲ˳ͨˡ
ûͨô죿
ǾؿҷˡƺĪϼȻŭ飬СС·ָϽ˵ͨʵ飬Ů¾ͻӦ͵һҪ󡣡
Īһ£ʵǲʲôҪ󶼿ԣ
ȻС·תת飬¶һЦݣĳߴȥɣǣŮڵȴأ

һ·ϣǿ˸ʽľɽҰ͵æµţϴǰ˸ĹâۻңʵǸСǵĳ
˺ܳһ·̣ڵ˾鹬
ǰľɫ˭ҲҪ̾һɣĹǽȻѩ׵ĻΧɵģҶĳУԵ治Ϊ˼ɾ
ڹдĪڼ˾Ůһ˫ɫӣŨܵĽë΢΢ţĵɫڼͷ˸Ļʹڽеޱȸ߹
ӭλԶĿˡŮЦ紺磬ŮΪŮ˵ҲôзȣЩʳǾеģƷһ°ɡ
ȻζôһĶС˵ľ棬ǻǺòˡǿɲԶھŶ~
𣿼Ȼôμǵɣǰһεʢ䣬ǲȥʵ̫ϧˡŮЦɣ˶٣ǵ⣬Ѿ͸ԤԾ˽ˡǲֹǵģǾķӡʥ֮ȪԲ֮ҹŻῪԡ
ᡭμҲ޷ɣǵʳˣ
ĪһۣȻͬʱͷ
ðɣȻ̴ӾȥϢ΢Цţ֣ˮɫͷľ͢з˳
𾴵Ů£кηԸһϹϾػش
úðλˣԲ֮ҹǵʥ֮Ȫ
ǡ

㲻е̫˳𣿡ΪԼּСе
ĪСؽŵϣֻ֪ܼвʱĲ򵥡λˣľ飬ǵľٶָơ
𣿲ҪǵõȻϽһط治֪óʲôʱŽţεСԼĶӣԲȣĺܶ

ҹˣ¹ɴһ͸ڡ 
Ŵ˯С˶ǸֳһĨЦݡ

 лҪ˵ᱼ~~~~~~~~ż費£ǰż= =
賿1ŻصңְѽŤ~õù~
Ǯţˣ




5.3.

˴ʱ֣ĳǱ˾޴ı仯
һĵװΣǱ׻߲ʵĻ䣬ƮŰɫǹ⣬Ʈѩȴֱѩ財
ɽ֮ϵȼ߲ʵĻ棬˵ǾĻ棬Ļ档
ľ鴩Ŵɫ·ΧŻ衣
治ԶĳϣڷŸʽ˵ʳÿһֶĪδġ
ǲҪȥ𣿡Ůˣеѯʡ
ĪеһۣȻ˺Ĭͬʱҡͷ
ôҪҪԵ㶫ŶˣǲܳĶŮЦЦָָϾƺɫϣҪҪȵ㶫Ǿȵ֭
ˣŮ£ǲеܵʵĶѾù졣
ȻֲȡŮɫһ䣬۾ɫôǵĿɣ
飿Ů£㡭ȵĻﻹûü˵꣬һȺųͳľʿͻȻ˷ӵ˳ѸٰΧǣ
Ů£ʲô˼Īٿվɫؿ
ȻǲֻáȰˡŮһЦһˣɿûʿȺС
ԭ֮ԶôѺãȫȣѹ˵ǽƻļһ
һĺ磡
ĪôźãǺŽļһҲ˺Щ飬⵽ıѿڵЩǵػܣôྫ飬̫ѶԸˣοڻСˡ
ħض˺ʹħգĪеż
ûõ֣οǲ֪żˣڽҲǣҲǣ⾫ȻǽƻļһƽǺƻû뵽Ⱥƻ򱶣
ûʿѾеǷ˶
Ī󾪣һԾΧһŷԾ˳ǱĶϣ
źѹѹľȺޱżӦ죿ǷȥֻԼԲǺð취οǻžǽ򡭡
һҧþų֮ǰٴν䵽档
ŲһŵأǾͱľŰΧ
ЩŸɫ·ľ飬Χһһ㣬һ޴Ĳɫľ
Ǻ~ԶƮ˾ŮƮӲģ͹ԹԵǰļ䣬ֵǾɣ
룡Ī˵ϵı齫ԼĽű¶š
ʱһֻȫɫľһƿӽɫҺ壬ɽ˾֮УŮٴ𡪡
ǺǣֻҪǺ¿־еˮǾͻһУԶھ
ˮʹ࣬Ŀ֣С
ŲҪͻȻһУôǻŻʲô˼ΪԼǸң
Ȼ˵úܵǽ˾ȣͱٳȥŮñ䡣
һ£оͻȻһӵϣץסǵ塣
ιιſҰһ֣һţһͷʹǵãĺܲ
ôʥҩɡ־¶һʮֵ΢ЦǷ
Ҫ
鱻ĪεͷĿѣҲ֪ǲǱγУĹͷԴͻȻһ̴Ī˯䣡
Īһ漴Ӧϸͬ
---
֪ǲǴǾȻǰ΢ķǵգ߻͵ķƣ룬֧ȫ˲ƺϣڤ״̬
̫ˣ鿴ػ˯ľ飬ɵһŲһûԼ˼Ŀܣ
ǺǣҿõˣȻҵʱŮ֪Ʈ˳ɵǵǰ
Īһش˿иŮǹúܣ
Ǻǣûףͨǵʵ飬û뵽ǾȻ뵽ĺ÷ŮЦúܲá
ʲôϷĪŰɵؿŵȻռ˴롣
ģûаϷˡŮͻȻЦݣһؿǣѵûи˵𣿽ȣ뾭һ顣
һġĻĪֲɻˣŮ˵һβ飬ôսһأʲô
ûʡ
ȻͨҵĿ飬ôǵҪҿ϶Ϊǰ쵽ŮָЦݣĸԸطϡ
ǲεɫϽһ䣺ģԾȵ嵣һΣԲʳԣ

 
лҪ˵пٸPIA




5.4.ʥ֮Ȫ

ʣӣǵûжΪǡ
ڰ˵ҹ
ھС·Ĵ£߽һƬںɭ֡
ɫɭһصĵطŮ¸ˣһ¶˽룬ʥ֮Ȫɭֵ롣С·˷ܵĴų򣬱·߽͡
ɫɭָסĵطֱǽ޷ղŻ̲ɽҰתѾתɺֲ֣ߴľƺҪƣŨܵĺɫֲｫڸǵܣһƬ谵
úڡе㺦µСֳ˳Ī·ټɭԵޱȾ޴Ҳ֪ɭֻ᲻·һĪµء
ûµġĪͷοܿ͵ˡ
̧ͷöᶨһȣ˵ͷš
ˣýкǾȵʥʥ֮Ȫ档˺ܳһ·С·ͻȻһøǰͣϣڵϻһԲȦ֮ĶȻ۾дʡ
ɫͻȻѿ¶һ㹻ͬʱͨĴ󶴡
ˣȥɡС·۾ɵһߣʾǽȥ
أ龪ȵ
ֻɴǽܲõҪԼˡС·Цһգۣһһˡ
ǽȥɣĪĿӷߵľջأ鿹飬Ѿ߽˺ڶ֮С

峺粣ɫˮӳĵط˾̾ѡ
ʥ֮Ȫ֮ʵǿĵģȥԿ̰Բù죬˸ĳγȪˮӰԲԲһˮеĴ顣
ûз紵ˮȻ΢ҹɫӳ£˵
ĪŲԵĺˮһʱסȻ֪Ǻá
ں𣿿ãţͻȻ̧ͷˣ֮ǲ
šĪ˵ͷó֮ƽڵϡ
صһ˲䣬̵ĹâϹصؾ֮ðѸʥ֮Ȫʱӿ֣ʮɫˮͬʱˮðƽȵͣˮϣ
ôôࣿһǣ龪ȵգۡΪʲôʥ֮Ȫôྫ򣿻Ƕǣܰɡ
ֻһġĪü˼ŸǺãһϸͻȻڿտ
ûôˣͨڶصĿˡ
˭Īؾͷȥ
ǺǣңǿҵġܹһأˡǸƺе㲻мľûֻһģҪģҳһǺǣֻһΣ̤Ϻˮһ̣Ǿûеûͷˣںڻü
𣿵ǲڣĪػӦǸ
ðɣǾȥ԰ɡǸȻú˵ı䣬ˮʱǿȥֻҪһǺǡôͻںˮ֮С
䣬ʥ֮Ȫĺ϶ɱ·һˮɫ¹Խˡ
˵ͨ˾ĿͿõ𣿡ȷӦյԼСԴô죿
龪㵵ؿĪ£ȻؿתС
㡭Ҫʲô龪ȵؽԼĽŲĪһŭȣվﲻҪ
㡭
£
Ͱ͵һۣסˡŶǣǲڵԼ뵽ֲɵһů
鲻ٽ£ĪǹһĨԼҲûвЦݣת˼ھϣżʮľЩã
һأ
ֻһΣһˣ͡
üûʾ
ʥ֮еĺ
ǰɵһŷ֣ƽںϵļʮǰŵģ
ô˵ֻҪȷķλͿˡǣǵڼᣬڼ
ţֻ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ûһ仰Դ
ˣ֮ǰ˵ʥ֮ɭֵôǡǸ
ע⣬ɿȥ
ͬʱڰߵ齹ɢǰĺ棬ţͻȻʲôǰǰһ
󾪣۾ȴʲôҲûУĿ䵽еʱ򣬾Ȼ֣ЩĹâȻȥˣһŻңֻʣһȻ˸ɫ⣡
ѵ˵
һϲϴĪǸ
ͬһʱ̣ĪѾǸһ˲䣬̹û
ǹ̹Ҳ죬ȥҲ졣
ѾָƽЩɫˮҲѾʧӰ٣ͬĪˡҲˡ
ˡأڵϣɫľȻ֪ǰôһҲ
ѵѡˣ˲ȥѪɫ˫ͫŴ󣬾ʧشۣҪ
ʲô
ͻȻһıŲæ
Ī
龪ȵػعͷȥϵı漴þϲѣĪĪ㡭㲻Ǹղšôᡭ
ôˣΪҵˣĪӺЦؿ˫ɫ
û£̫ˡ
Ҳǣûôȥأ
㻹˼˵Ц˫ĿһɣǰҪȴԼĲࡣ
Ҳǣ㱾ͺɵ
ĪһЦָԭ״һҪݺݵؽѵ

 
лҪ˵ˣȥԷ~




5.5.Ŀ

ˣˮ򣡡ĪҪ飬Ͻеľ򣬡Ӧã
䣬ֻžһɫˮգӦѣɫĹâէ֣ҫһʱ۾
ۣѾˣҲ˲ϹâĿæ˳Źĵطȥֻһ̷ŮˮСƼ˳ĳƮڰգ̵ӻ
Ǹ֮飿Ī˾֮Ľܡ֮飬.mint߾СһǻۺʹħʱܻɫĹâ֮ơ
ٺ٣ϲλͨҵĵڶؿ顣̹ɢ̷Ůûн䵽棬¶һЦݣ۾ȴ˸ŹĹâ
ղŵǸ㣡ĪһɵõԲ۾ΪղŵֻǾǵĶ磬ԭǡ
أͲô׹Ŷ~ŮЦݸˡ
еأЩõؿ
ȻϷҪףйؿôأŮЦһָ
䣡
ȼܵġɫ棡
ЩȻɫģ̫ˣȻɫĻ棬Ҳϲ˸£ȵĸоȵϢǽذΧ
ĪҲʾϽʥ֮ȪĺˮӿһˮֱɫĻ棡
δӴ棬ˮѾΪˮ
ûõģԲ֮ҹľûпܴҡŮϧҡҡͷôأֻܻһ˭أԼɣ
ʲô˼ĪüС˶ø
ʲô˼Ǻǣ˵ڸһѡ⣬ǿϷԷôпܻŮ۾ааЦ
ᣡĪͬػشһ㵣ȻһۣȻЦˡ
㡪Ůһ£ƺû뵽ǻķӦջ𣿲ҪŶںڻü
ᣡ
Ҳᣡ
ͬٴβԼͬ
ȻŮٺЦţǸЦͻȻתΪ΢Цϲٴͨҵĵ飡
䣬ֻһιΧɫѾʧӰˡ
ô£𽥽䵽ϵ̷Ů̲סʵŵı顣
͡ôף
ʵѾѾˡŮ΢Це㼤ô飬ֻǶǵĿ飬һֱѰܹͨҵĿˣҵˡ
ô˵Щ飬ǸƭǵİɣĪ俪ڣиտʼ飬ģѹ־ŮûгϾС·һι飡
ԡŮ˵ͷһأĹʵǿǵڶأѡˮΪ˿ǵǻۣء
Ϊ˿ǵŽ᣿һת˹
ԹϲضͨĸԸظǻȥŮȻɫĹâɴһͣٿطɢ
һ̹ӸղŮվĵطɽ˾֮顣֮һǿҵĲȻ󻺻ָƽ
鱡ɡ
Ѿص˾֮֮С
ĪĬĬǰʰ˵ϵľ֮飬ͻȻеʲôԼġ
̧ͷֻһƬһƬİɫѩһᣬƮƮҡҡ׷Ʈ¹ӳ·׵ĹâӨ͸
ѩˡ
ƯŰɫƮѩ̾
¹عճ꿡ݣؼİѩЦˡ
߰ɡ
š
ѩὫǰڰɫ¡





5.6.ó̵

˾֮ĪصԵСݡ
˳ػûһ㾪ȣһȻӡ
ôԸҪ֪İɡã̲סڡ
ʱѾָԭĴСԼĸоð~
ԣǡȻ겻Цݣֻܸһ˵أһ˻ر°ɡ
ùŹֵɡǳ鴤˭ȥرأôҪɲŶ
Ұɣڣһԥð˳ǾȵĪ㡭
ɡͷҲص߳˵ķ䡣
žǡ
أŹˡ
̾һĿתص˵ϡ
Ȼ֣һĨЦת˲ʧصıȡ֮ʵʵǼ飬Ļıó̵ıͬˡ
ʲôһʱھвܷӦ˼ǣ
εó̲żȻ˿ⰲŵġصص˵ͷһ˵
˵˹ҽ⿪֮飿Ȼ󡭡龪ȵúϲ£ͣΪʲôȥ
ΪǱ飬˲㣬еһ
ɫͽȻ䣺¸ҡҪɵʲôϵ
ʧٵˣҲӵˣ໥Ӱ쵽߾ĴڣҪ߾һһʧǸ˵ıҪ߾ϣƻǸƽ⡣
ôôǸ˭
ҡҡͷѹҲй¶̫࣬ˣǱһֱǱĵط
ѧУ󾪣
ǺǣѧУͻȻشЦһĸղŵ֪࣬ͲǸѧУѧɣ
ǹŹ֣˵£ȴصĵطˡ
㶼֪ˣǻʡ鳶˳ǣûΪ˵ŽѧУģѧУĵĵطҲŲȥء
𣿳ɣٴתض˵
ʲһæתȥֻ˷Ų֪ʲôʱѾˣ͵ĵƹ£üӢ΢΢ס
Īסˣɫˢرף
Υ涨ȣԣҲٻشǵ⣬飬ԼŰɡ ˳̾һ߳˷䡣
Īɫףɫǰ쳣ɫ
һʼ˵ĶԻѾе֣˵ʵǸ飬ܾʲôģ̲ס͵ˣû뵽
ԭѧ
ѹƽֵôûνѧУһҲ޹أ
һж޹ذɣ
ΪʲôܾʹЩƣ
ΪҪȥ𣿡
ãȴεĳĬղģҡҲѧǱѧУֻΪ񡭡
׿ڵĳˡ
ǣ˵ʲôأ
һ޷Ȼ˼ǻĪС
Ϊʲô
ҲûйϵɣˣʱˣǸˡװЦһ£ЦԵýӲ
ʵ黹˵Щʲôʱ򡪡
һϤİ׹漴ܷûһУ





6.1.ݵĽ

Χҫ۵İ׹ٴδǰʧʱҲϤɫӳĪ
Ȼǡ
ħѧԺͼݣ
ôصѧУĪͬؽ°Ͷ
ף鲻ûôôͻصѧԺˣ
ôôص鲻û𣿡Сʡ
ǳʱ򣬲ڰУİ칫ôᡭ
Īӣǰ˵δƽεһʱ֪˵ЩʲôáãĪ̲ס˳ĬǾ鶼û룬ôǻص
֪˵Уħˣ֮顭
֮顭
뵽Ϸ֮飬Ѹٵҳһ飺Ҫһһûҵλ顪β񷡢ңȻھ֮ϣ
ô£һĪȻҲһ𾪲ѵı顣
ȥҰУɣҲ֪ô¡󣬻Ī顣
У̾ϢһˡУҪһ֪ôһ°ɡ

úܺáУһϾ¶Цݡ
ķ϶͸һ⣬бյ칫ϣϸϸĳڲ԰׵Ĺ趯Уһǰలס
УҲסԼɻ󣬡ǻûҵʣµλ飬ΪʲôǶ
Ŷһ벻ĽУ΢Цŵ
벻Ľ
ԡֽŽͣѰҵʱٻľ飬ҺǺܿѰҵ
Ȼ˵ͷԭôһֱ֪
Ϊ㱿䣬ͷѾصذһ£ŭתͷֻĪһЦؿ
Īʲô˼صȻദ˺ܶ죬һض࣡
ûʲô˼ܱʵ˽֪𣿡
㡪
ˣУüͣǣһͳܣɺͳ
˶٣ֽ˵Ǹ飬֮ʱ㱣ŰɡУȻˣϢһ£ȥϿΰɡ˼Ŀγ̣ɲá
ǣУĪϵıһ˲佩Ӳ漴ָƽػش
ߣĪת뿪ȴ黹ڴ״̬ǺصһۣУһеҶ޹أҪ߾ߣҡǲģ
תһ˲䣬Ȼȥ
̬תû졭 
߾ߣƵĻһ䣬ϽȥֻűʱһʧĸоӭϮĺʲôѹţص
һУ޹ء
ˣǲζţһжˣ
žǣУҵϣһ˿ʧڿУһĨЦݣڰУȻ
ղһĹ졣





6.2.糣У԰

УҳźǷƣҡ
һ·ϣĪһԣһ仰Ҳ˵ƵԶԶض
Ȼ֪Īһ򶼺ȻˣҲУԶֻһǴıһ
˽ңڳϵû鷳ֻǵѵ䣬صλϡ
ջصλϣмĿɱǰŮǼ޵Ŀ⣬ͬѧɻɫСĪһɫ
ϤһУܲζ
Ȼһжˣ֮ǰǸģ۸ҲŮˡ

ѧ
Ȼϣڲǰ̤ңλѾһŮΧ
ʲô϶ûкһ̬ƽ
ЩúܿİɣһŮ޵ĿֱУģ˼ƵģⲻҪĶȻ
ʲôȻ˵Ī绹ûڵ˭Ҫ顰վɫ࣬һԲص
鲻ǸŮӵˣ͵شһŮץһƿӣǰ˻Σв֪ʲôɻˮŶֻҪմһ㣬Ƥͻᱻʴһֱʴֻʣ¹ͷ
е顰žصڵϣʧɫɻˮⲻѧԺʮҩ֮һǡ
ΥУ𣿡 ǸŮмۣЦһʳ˻㣬ҲŲУֹأ
ԵļŮҲŵЦ
ǸŮ˶٣ͻȻ¶࣬۱ųвĹâ㣬ٲĪҿɲŹ㣡
ŭˣعŷȻѾǸŮеƿӣγƿҺȫõϣ
⣡Ŀɿڴ죬ƵƵˣЩʲô̫嶯ˣ찡᲻ᱻظɱˣƺҲϴ壡
Щ͸Һ˳Ůĳ£ܿմȫڵϣγһСˮӡ
ɫףĿתضŶԷǡ
֣ôû˵֣
ǸŮʯ˺ü룬ɣֻ顱һ죬ȻƷӣ黩ȫ˳
Ȼң㡭㡭ҼסҲŹģ ǸŮسһȻһ˽ҡ
ȵǡŮϽ׷ȥ
šžһ硪徲ˡ
ԭأԺͣػزŸղŷһС
Ϧɴ˶ٻƵĹŽҵÿһʹ˲롣þþͬѧǶѾȥ˰ɣ
Ҳ벻ףղΪʲô󵨵ľٶµӿ϶ù
̾ϢһʰϵĿαħģͻȻΪ˷ֹѧڽҶʹħڽʩһħ䡣սһ𣬾ͷһֻֽ˹
ﻹ
Ѹ̧ͷײһ˫Դǵĺɫӡ
ĪĪ
û
龪ȵ˵ôΪʲôᡭ
񡪡񡪡
ʶذסԼؿڡ
㡭ôûߣʡ
Ī̧ͷǺЦôҾͲ𣿡
ǡͰ͵˵㿪Ŀ⡣
űһĬټĽƺӰˣһϵҲ
˾ĬĬʰŵϵ飬֪һлָԭ״
Ǹллˡԥãڴ˳Ĭؿڡ
á
ͻȻã֮䣬úİ
֡Ŀ䵽̲ˮʱ̲סһ䣬Ϊʲôû£
ŶĪüָմһҺ壬յǰᣬȻꡱһЦˡ
ЦʲôЦ񾣼һ̼񾭣סŭػ˾䡣
ĪͻȻ¶ɫһɫȪһʯػУһȦһȦ
΢Ц˲˴ůů⡣
ƺֻʣ顰񡱵
ʲʲôǵͨ졣
ȻǺܱ
ı˲ᡣ
Щֻͨˮɣɻˮɫģ벻Ȼֵһű
㡪ŭ˿ڿˣԭϵĲᣬһĳ죡ΪʲôղĴ
Ժ⣬òãָ˴Դ
Ī쵰ŭһ߷ߵ˦ŶһĸоѹҪϢ
һжĴ
ԭʵУ԰
һУûиı






6.3.Եȥ

ҹɫˮڽѧ¥̨ϣ貵ǿա
ɫҹĻϣһſǶһſűʯһſ顣ͻȻһҹﻮõʱ⣬ת˲š
ҹȴ͡ԴӻûкúϢúõ˯һȴһȺŮ˳Ϊ±ҹѲĽץֻǫ̈
ֱϳˡˣѾһε飬Ѿϰˣˡںǲǣ
ǰɾͿˣڣʲô͸ʲôҾͲͬҪѧԺӡһķ
ȻѧУˣŮֻ۸ֻᳰЦֻ
ĺѧӡǰϲѧУһҲϲ
ڿ𣿡
Ϥһ漴ͷȥ
޾ʹ޳ġĪ£
Ҫܣ顰ߡһͷŤһߡ
ϣôôˣȥ˯
Ƴһۣ㻹ǣһһЦñʹᣬһɶñȶħҪ£̬תñȱҪ죡
ǰĪ΢еļЦݣʵҲףΪʲôԼҵط
ͣƬ̣ĪһֺܲĿʵţǸҪȥ𣿡
һԵúܲͷȴĪذԸˡ
ôһװνӡ
ǡ㲻ĪȻһšԾŶܲԾŶ
Ȼȿȣйϵ𣿡ü¶顣
ȻйϵĪͻȻܼؽҡ
ɻؿ
ͫս
֮ľ롭ͻȻúܽ
һ룬ͻȻ˴˵
ܽؿǳӣϸĽëҵĺ
ԺһƬհס

Īأ
͵ƿ˫ʧȥ˽ࡣȻȻ16ĳǾȻûˣҪϲ˵,ôĪһȥˡ
̲סҪУں޷ľ
ҡҡҲǹġҡĪͨ죬Խ˵Խ,ԼҲ֪Լ˵ʲôˡ
͵һתȻεˣ
ĪֻȥıӰ̱ڵϣ˫۴͵ǰ
ԼҲͿˡ죬ǲΣ





6.4.Źֵͬѧ

Ʋҵ޹⡣
鶥ĺȦľսŲǰʱŵػܡ
ߵϺش磬ĽŲԶشһһؽӽ
δ𣬵δʧ޵ǽˮ۳ӣһһεص䵽ϣ˵Ļ졣
̲סһ£ʶקԼ·֣ҵš
ԭﰡͻȻһƮĶ䣬һִֻļϣ
۰񴥵һ㵯˽ңǽɪɪ
ȿòãǸû˵
ǿؼһӲЦݣǡ㰡ĪôȻϵı˵ǰ˱ȹֲһٱ
顭ûˣ㲻һʱ嶯ô죿
ĪƣʲôСΪʲôӦ𣿻Ϊʲôֿµıܿ
ι㵽ô
ûûʲôƵ֣㡭㡭
ôģ
⣿鳶һЦ̲ס̡ǰͣڡǿ¼ĵڶ죬±㲻ֶߣͬѧд÷顰Ī˻ЭķŭһµķĥѾˡ컹Ҫ鷳ǲվſأ
ǺǡǺǡЦţ״Σҡһȡ
˵ҵž͡һˡ
ͬѧĪͬѧϺãһϤһƽʱ̿εŮͬѧ߾صԼλϣ£ӳһαĶ
Ϻáδ˵꣬ͱĪѸٳһߡ
ʲôͼӿȴס
㲻е𣿡Ī鿪֮ǰϽڣƽʱ̿Ρ
ĪôһѣȷˡǸŮͬѧҪô̿ΣҪôǳٵô󣬶ϰ
ţС˹ȥ̽ʵǸô磿
ǰ̧ͷ¶һЦݣúøϰ͸ϲϿγˣ
֡
Īһۣɻ󡭡᲻Ū˵İϷȿɡ

ɭɭϢëȻ
ڽ̨ר־ؽſΡ
ÿαסԼʱ͵͵λŮͬѧı飬Լ÷Ҳ֪
ǸһĺܲԾ롣ӲϵڣĿʹû뿪鱾ʼǺͽڡôķôΣôʼǡ죬⻹ƽʱǸ
дڰתʱע⵽λϵĳͬѧûΣɤӣò׼Ѿ˵ͬѧΪʲôʼǣ
ţҵطӦæУ鱾žԼ֣ҡ
⡣üָָհ׵ĺڰϣϳһдĳĿ
ţ󺧣ղֻæˣȫû˵ʲô
εվţ֧֧˰Ҳ˵ʲô̾һʾ£ȻһζĳصҪβаⶼǿԵص㣡
ľȻ£ٴ֮УĿɿڴˡôҲ˸ƽʱҪش𲻳ڿ϶Ҫݺݳͷϴͼһ£ɽ̫ˣ

òװ¿Σ黹ľȻλϣͷضԼ˫ȣͻȻһӰԾڡ
ǸλͬѧСʲô𣿡
Ͻ̧ͷӲؼЦݣĳһ
ϴδͷ鷳Ů
ĪǸղŵѾ֪ˣҪʣ
ŵͬѧǽıʼǡǸŮ΢ЦţһӺòطŵϣֹе˵֪״̬̫ãûʼǣءҰԼıʼǽ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ
һĪ
ôǸŮɻؿһ˺ӣҪ𡭡
֣ŵؽӹıӣЦллˡ
Ǿͺá ǸŮ¶һ΢ЦŵĲӣʧڽҵſڡ
мƽʱ̫Ҫõͬѧ߹ʺͷת
һͬѧ뿪ſϡôںͬѧǶǹֵֹģô鱻׸ˣ
㲻ã𣿡ͷĪĮţоԵλ¡
ǰҲˡ̾Ϣǻ᲻ǼŪǰ41˽ڣ
ԡĪüģ˼طḻ롣
ǡʲôƣش˸Ƿһû˯һþȻȽϳٶۡ
Ҳǻþߺħ֮ġĪ˼ص
ЦЦˣѧУôᡭ
ͻȻʲôȻֹ͵һԾ㶵Īãһʼͺ֣
Īףſ죬𻰣һ̶ļͻȻڿյ,Ȼһƹƹҵ,,ֻظ˼ž
ʲô?鵹һ
Īüԥվȥȥ
鿼˼룬һҧȻȥ






6.5.֮þ

˽ңȴʲôûз֣ղʲôҲûзһ
ϣûһˣź̺ߵ컨ǵĹâ΢΢ڣƺһ㱡˵Ĺ졣
أôûˣ죬ôʱԼġ
ʹƽʱѧҲһͬѧңнѲӣڡȻһ㶯ҲûС
Сĵ㣬ҪɢĪѵʶץ֡
š麬Ӧһ䣬ڵΪ鱻ߡ
ϵԽԽŨǰľҲʼģƺǿⲻҵ·ƾԼĸоĪڡ
Сģ¥ݣңһַֻǽڡĪ΢΢ͷԺŨ˵ˡšһСһһߡ
꣬ꡭ
еĽŲǽ𣬺գøֲ
ŲӶʧǰŨɢȥһݡ
ǰϤУ԰鳤һҿ˳ǰľȷʵûʲô仯ľҲһи
ԣĪͻȻزĻڲǺܰȫǸˡ Īѧ¥ǰվһˡע⵽Ǻ󻺻ת
ǸǡڣһӱϳǰǸˣɵüؽûмˡСȥΪԷ𽥽ӽǣϵЦ
Ϊʲôĸо
ˣû˰΢ЦŴ飬ҪҪ֣Īʱصǰ档
Ŷü
ڡ˵ʲôԵʮԻ
ŶȻ ЦԽ죬ǾһԶɡ
㡪ʲô˼ 
䣬һķڵӾȻڻˡһ̲ˮǰˣ
̡ڣ龪״ؿͻȻһĻŵؾ
ԣڣĪ侲شǰ˲ڣô˭Ŀأ
ôڡô죿ؿĪ
Īͷ˼һᣬȻ˵ԼĴ𰸣ߣȥУң

顪
һ죬Уҵűصײˡ
ԲУǲǹġĪӲس˽ȥָϽ͵
ŶУȴشӰ칫ǰתϴһ࣬۾ȴӹЦ⡣
ˡ
̫ˣУ㻹ڡһ˿ϲ漴ּ˵УˣѧУһӱúܹ죬ǸͬѧƺˣھȻǰʧˡ
ֻ˵ţ˿ûע⵽Уͬɫ
֪Ųæش飬ĿɿӹɫӵĪ
֪ͺá֪ˣǡ鲻ΪʲôΪʲô
УͻȻааشЦǺǡ
У
ǰУĪٴεǰһŶԷ˭
ǺǣǷˣǡҲȥˡķУͬһͬʧڿУ
Ҳȥˡ
ǾԶɡ
ĿһƮ
Ϊʲôʲô״˿˵ֿʼ־Ӳ
ҲһþĪػܣǰ˵һֺħС֮þöԷһþУٴĶԷħ˵ţһ׹ֱָǽڣǡǵȻֱشǽڣʧˣ·ǽ˽ȥһ
ûЧĪüûпܡѵҲ´ˣιԣ
ţң͵һͿ
㻹˭
ŶԺӦţҪԺȴɿػһĻĻǾĪռϡͬѧǹŹֵı֡ڡ
һжΰ㲻ʵ
סΣһͻȻԺѵ˵һС
ôħĪͷ
ԣͻȻĪһⲻħҲǻþһΣ
ĪҲסˣؿ飬ŵСʲô˵һΣ 
ԣն˵ǴûнȫոҲûлصѧԺ֮ΪһУ
ǡΪʲôĻе㲻˼飬̲סȥ
룬ѾһˣУ˵һʱն45죬ͻɢΪ˲뿪ԣǾĽ
ΪĻܲŵĪתһ룬ٸΧĻ֤ݣҲɵˡ
Ҳȥˡ
ǾԶɡ
ԺٴղǺܹ仰ٻһУڡͨˣ
ҲˡȻصͷѹ⼸һ㣬ԭһֱǡ
ǣӦͻȻʲô㣬ͻȻúã
Ҳסˡ
԰ôӦѹ





6.6.֮ʱ

ĪԴɿתţԣ

ֻɿ֣ԲɵĿ˵۾죬ʲôҪ룬۾
ǡ
㣡
áðɡŰɵر۾Ȼڶ𣺡ԣʲôҪ룬
Ļˡ
ܺãҪ
Ī˵һ֣ͻȻеԼӺƮԴתĸоϮ
ͻȻصһ׹һ飬͵۾
һӿ۾̵۾ʹܲϰߡ
˻ԴòײӦ˲۾ͼվȴȫֳֻŵأѵ
û°ɣת˼һִֻļ磬Ҳ֪Ī
ûСҡҡͷشʱſ˿̵ǾȻڰУİ칫
ˣʱУİ칫ңôʱҲӦУİ칫ڣ
عó֮飬һ顪Ȼҳǿհ׵ġ鰵ԺЦǺǣΪԼһû˯һκþԭԼѾ˯һˣ
죬ҪˣֹǣͻȻĪٵ
æ̧ͷֻͬɫĹâڰ칫ںҷɴܣһѾĪħ˿סˡ
磬뻯һεľϽ
âܳڵһ˲䣬һž޴ķڴſˣ֩һⱻճýģ
žֻһ죬âͬʱص䵽ϣһͬʱΣ
ˡһ෢ŮһϷŮһ꣡
飿Щȡ
Ȼħ˿ýģƴš
ۣôôѹһ
ô֪졭취
ûа취ˣξ̫ħڡ
Ͱ͵ǣ޹
ǻҪ𣿡Цеһۣ˳˾֮顣
Ҫˣ䣬ͬʱವطɽ˾֮顣
졭
һ΢紵,򿪵ľ֮ҳɳɳ죬طĳһҳһƬҶӴƮ˽ͷ˸ȦȻ󻺻䵽ǷƵҳϣպסһ֮֡飬β.ris֮飬.sky֮飬.aster龭Ӱ룬ȻҲᵥжԼжΪǵħصơ
ˣû뵽һжȻξ鳤һͻȻ뵽ʲôǸ
ͻȻ˳Ī½ǣǺ˵ǸΡǸȻΣôСǸǡ

Īһ漴Ťƫ˵ʲôǣҲ֪
ŶҿģŻˡװһȻӣȴƱסˣܲζ·жķҪ˺ؿһ㡣
ԭǡ
ǱϾһΰġ
ôУȻĪ
һ漴ˣô֮һֱУأ





7.1.

˺ܳʱ䣬ȻУӰ 
Īֱǰ˼ܡ
УһһİȻܣź飬ǰŰ칫ʰһǷһӥεװ͸һĹӰʱǻ
ڻˡ˿̵鸴ѱ棬֪øˣǸʧ䡣
ǰУڡ
칫ħʾŴʱ˿̵ʱ䣬ھù졣
ûж仯Ī̧ͷһ¹תͷ飬ǲǵ뿪ʱʲôʱ䣿
賿һʱ࡭ԴͻȻĳǰͼ﷢һĻĻͻȻúܲˬ
ŶڲŰ˵࣬ô˵ֻСʱҡ
ͻȻʲôѿڵ᲻һΣ
ǡĪҡҡͷŰֵɻ󣬡ǰУôڣ
ǡҪҪȵȣ˵һ䣬ĿɨţͻȻһŵĶŲţŵ˼󡪡
ѾͷСģҪʲô
䣬Ѿһ죬ֱѾײ䵽칫ϣǸӥװƷײһߡ
ٴ޴ؽٴУˣˣУ᲻ᡭ
¡¡
ûеӾзӦӹһĻˣ
죬ҲѸٷֳУֱȥһڲ׵Ķڣ
ĪҲ˲ȥ˼ָǸںڣŵʵ⡭ʲô
Ҳ֮ġ΢һ飬۴ǸͻȻֵĶһʮӡͻȻѹصضĪ˵ιҲҽȥ
ǲҪˣȵȰУɡΪһѧĪȻһڻؾǰ֮ľ飬ǲˡ
ȥ𣿻㲻ң¶ɵӣ˳˵ͷ
˭˵ңȻãĳϼھͽȥ
ΪһŵȻӲʧԣĪһ߽Ǹڣǰδ֪ĺڰȥ
ٺһЦСܣҲȥ
¡¡
һ죬ͼѸٻصԭλǸӥװƷҲתԭȵλãһиԭ

ʪǽϣȼŵ⣬ںڰԾ֣ӰŵĵӰӣɭխɭֱͨһֱţʧԶڰĽ䡣
Ī΢΢ʱʼˣԼĺ̫ǿڲӦһʱ嶯ɿĪط
ĺˣ仰˵һҲû
ιӵس˳Ī·ǡǻȥòã
ĪԺЦӣһڻؾУ²ܰ;ϣȥôԼ͵͵עı顣
Ȼͷɭɭߵһ£ƴ֣¶һֺõЦݣһǸߡ
ĪЦЦû˵ʲô˾谵ߵǰȥߵͷʱǷֹͻȻ࣬ǰȥƺǴǰһġ
˼ӿ˽Ųߵʱ򣬲ŷʲôڣԭһƯǹķ䡣
ǵͻȻ񡱵
Ĺ˵Ȼڻ谵վڵĵطϸϸشټķ䡣ɫĴεؽ֧סǽܲ͸磬ƺҵ֣ϻһ߸ɫԲȦΧƶɵĴԲȦŨŨϢƲϡ
ѾѧԺ˺ܶܣǰͼһΡһΣëȻ
˽ȥŲײܲĻڻҡҷĿֲձ쾡¡
ǸǡĿɿӹһӣɵֻǸбһˣɫĳۣϤķͣѪɫѾһϢǳԾǣǸ˾Ȼǡ
УĪһǰץסļҡУѣʲô£
У۾ģ㲣ܾĥ˺ʧʵɿһ˿ȣ̧̧֣ɳƵص㡭ô죬뿪Σա
ʲôֽǵؿУ׷ʲô£ôǲŹ˼Сʱôᡭ
ҵĻ졭ߡУ·һ˿˵
УĪҡҡͷԥؾܾǲ뿪Уǡ
졭ߡ˵һ룬ͣסˣȻ죬ͻȻֳ־ɫһ˹ȥ
Уôˡ
˭Ҳ벻ˡһЦ
Īһתȥ˸ӹһĻ
һӰͻȻڴ֣ӱɫӹʵʵֻϹŸĪЦݡ
ǸͻȻֵˣȻУһģһ
һУĿɿڴؿǸˣֿڵһϢİУ
ԣǰУĪǰһǰ棬شߣ㵽˭
ǺǡһУ¶һŹֵЦݣû뵽ôͻˣû뵽ǾȻҵѹͣëȻ
ʲô˼
ǸУͻȻһ̶ЦϵıŤÿֲȫƽʱİУ
Ҳȥˣٻһӣ࣬Ҳ޷۾˸̰ɫʵԸһ죬ڵˣ
뵵ԽԽŨƯܵǹ·𽥰ȥɭԽԽһĹ
ʲôࡪ
ûйΣ޿ѹֵشĵðĪٴΡ񡱵





7.2.Խ

ĵӰԾǲɼĹӰԾ£һЦ
ܣֻŵصԲ۾˺󼸲ҡͷ˵һСѰҾọ́һֲ߻ģ
侲㣡ĪӺסֹ
˵һҲûЦΪƻҿɻ˲˼ءǸSħʦѲΪ˶ԸҲħҺǽˡ
ס˵ǸSħʦʧ٣ɵģɫ׵ؿ
˵¼ħʦʧ¼߻ͬһˣû뵽
û˵༸ħʦɱġҪңĲ֪ߵغ񣡡
㣡龪㵵ô֪࣬Ӧø˲ǣΪʲôһаѹȵÿҪϢ
ֻѧԺǸ⡭Ȥش飬۾˸̰ɫǸñأúãôأ
Ϊʲô
ߵǸˣ̺š㡪飬̺ŹϣȻҵļƻֻһΪʲô㣬ΪǴ򿪾֮Կס
Ȼⰵйϵ
ԿףɫҰס
ҽǸħʦҾװУӣҵõ˾֮ȴôҲⲻķӡҴӡȥ⿪ǳʱҾͽͼû뵽ǻϹˡ
Ϊʲôһң˲𣿡ؿ
ˣԷŵشЦͻȻͣһۣ֪ɣҲǸ˵һǧǰľħ֮սս˫ԪˣǵѸɲǲǵ塪ûǹ֮Ͱ֮˼䣬˵ϣͨഫһֱ㡣֪𣿹֮Ǹԣ׽⿪֮ķӡ
УΪÿε¼ô׽ԭʲôڰаǣҪȻ㲻֪˶ٻˣ
ѵǰذ׺Ǽͷˣ
ЦȻҪܶԷİ
ûڡֻҪ㽫֮鿪ȥһȻɱ㣬Ҿ߾ˡû˹밵Ľϣ˭ҲֹңٸϣʱҾ޵ˣֿЦЦ̫Ť
ԭһʼһֻ֣ϵһӣ˶ѡ
Ҳóѵġش԰׵ɫѱ¶Ŀ־塣
ƾ㣿һ̶ĴЦɵˣǸSħʦҲҵĶ֣ο㡪һħʦ
ңĪηӭɭĿ⡣
㣿СˡҽǣٻѧУмһۣԼ̡
ѧУ
֪𣿡ͻȻһֺܹˣʵħ֮ƽ㣬ѧУ
ޱ˾ȵĻԶԶȲ仰𾪣
ԭĿġƻƽ⣡
ٵȺ⣬ôͻңʱҲӶص룬һҪֹ
ˣûʱǺǸٴĻ·кܶͬʱкһιǰɡֻһЦһӣ֮ϴĻɴܶС
㡪ңʶȥȴ˸գǼֱš
㣿ԷһߣֻǱĹ߶ѣֵģ
ߣԣҲģҪǣһġЩˡŭ
ǺǣЦٴЦҹȻһʧƷԶȲľ顭
ʲôʧƷ
ǾҪʧˣҲûйϵϲʵǵһľ顪ֻδɵģġ
ʲôĪٴУԭһҲǾ飡
ʼһϣΪңǡȴҡҺܾʼںڰж䣬˵õ£õڰڵҡ
Ҫ߾˵
ЦǰҪˣң֮顪ȣҲľ飡Ц˵
֮顪ȣ
ڶԷԾ˫鿴ǰδеҰġ





7.3.ҹ

ȿСϵ𾪣ɵ÷һЦţ˻֣Χǽϵ̵سֳƯУ֮Ҳģٿػߵ⣬ֱӦ߸ͬɫԲȦУ
ܲ͸İҾȻعһ硣
ãҪ߾ˣֹĬظĪһۣ˵ͷ෴ķȥ
űʱѾ֪ǽϵʲô˼ˣԸĵķֻԼǵãǣֻöһˣ
һɫָһ˵ϿգûƯڰյ֡
ֻһѵЩ־Ȼˣžص˵ϣһŨʧˣ
ͺûзȻֹͣˣߵӵϵԲȦ½뵽֮У䵽Ļ鳤һҺԼǵǸȻ
ţȵķȥֻһĿɿڴӣ㶵ؿǰıʣû뵽ô׾ͱƽˣŮȻ򵥣
ɶ񣬾Ȼҵģȵ͵͵һϬ鲻ٴξ֣һɫĹͻȻĽ
СģһӰɿ˹ײصصڵϣɻǳˡǵڹѾȣ˺ĿӣѪһأƮɢǹУȾźڰĹ
ʹץԼȣ΢΢ض˶ϱϴʹڵ졣
û°ɣĪеʡ
ʹ˿ڣҡͷҡû£Уأ 
ģѾħ䱣ָָڰеŷ⣬ȡ
ûվͱʹڵˤصϡ
㿴˵û£͡Īüͷƽϣһߵ䣬׹֡ϵ˿ھȻûϡ
ˣ֮ҲӦû˿ϲŶԣô
ôһͻȻһɭɭͷ𣺡ŶǺǣûõģͨǲ˿ϣרƹ֮
˸Ͻ̧ͷֻȲ֪ʲôʱѾվǰ棬һָвУŮŮɫͷ񾣼һȫһβһ˦һ˦
ÿֲŶ
ۡ龪һƴһͷĪĻȥ
ŶǺǣСŮȻù֮ȵЦţɲģ⸱µģеҲᱻһɣ
˵ôϻ˷ҵʱ䡣ȵɫͻȻһؾ֣ٿðһŻɫĻ⣬ںڰ˷ܵԾš
һ˲䣬ͻȻеĿ־壬֪ŻҹУôһоҪˡ
ҵ̧ͷһ˫ᶨӣںڰлǳҫһ˲䣬µĸоʱʧӰ٣ô¡
֮ʱеĻҹڵʯںڰ֮вĻ𻨡
Ͻ˫ۣоһůΧøˡ
֮꣡У֪˭һһ󷽵ǽ
Ͻ۾ϸСĻȻȥһϮǡûȵǵħײĵطĦҵĻ𻨣ȻŨ𣬾޴ĦƵˣ
˼ҹܣŸʲôϽ߰Īʱһѣ˺ȺԶĵط
üһšҪ׷ǰɱǿĻཫһξ롣
ҪһʱһִˮͻȻҵϿգ½ȫˮ𽻽ӵĵطڡ졣
̫Сˡۣ׼һжʱͻȻĪһȻʧˣ
оһβͻȻһɨԵʯٶȻ͵ϮĪ
ž
һ˲䣬βͱɫ˿߲ªβͱסˣ
üͻȻһ
飡
Īʧȥƽ⣬ɨ˻ȥ
ôϽԼ˵Ľȥ
ҡˤڵϣ˵ȻݡһͻȻѿһӣѪðһȾ·
Īһɺģ֡
ŶǺǺǣôҵ˰ɣȵĿ˸ŹĹâڿ˻ǲʵʹʱЦһҪҶŶҵħǴо綾ҵħ綾ͻǵȫǿħֻӿ춾
㡪
ǺǣھҽһаɡȵسЦһһ֣֮·ܵٻڹһٴ䵽С





7.4.뾫

Ƕ
ȻؿһзȴΪ
ж𣿿ħжЦţǿ֧վͻȻһֵ˵ϡ
Ǻǣôңȷһ̶Цһף֮ӵգͻȻ˹Źֵ
һźɫĹâѸ˾֮飬ȵĽ³һ޴ĺɫħͼҲδģ
ǡǸħϵ߸ԲȦڵɫԲȦصһ
Ҫʲô
֮䡭ԱĪһ΢ȫǲš
ʲô󾪣֮䡪ⲻǴ˵еĽ𣿾˵һСеһж˲
ôĪǰУѧУ綼ᡭ
ҪҪҪ
ȣֻطԼ˫֣ΪĵĵطͻȻһ磬ԽԽ
类ƻǻ󡭡
Ӧнķ
Ϊʲôе£±ɱ𣿲ԣʧȥҲ磡
ûҪ
żͬȹϵϣǡ
Ȼù֮
ԺͻȻȶ˵Ļá
ڵĹ֮ʹã᲻ЧǸʹã
СûʱˣҲҪһԣ
ע⣬Ͻ۾Ĭ֮ѾɣҪֹħ㣬ϽѾɡ
ûá
ٴĬȻûá
û
ʧ̾Ϣ
ҪʱͻȻһĸо壬һܹ
һ飬۾
ʱѾſѪڣ׼ɾ
һɫشᴩ˾֮飡
ž
ͻȻһ磬ȵħ󱻻ϣâƬɢ
㡪Ȳŵؿŭ𣬡ƻҵ֮䣡ԭ£֮һƻžŰʮһ֮ٴãѪȻͱװ˷ѣ
ͻȻûһźڹ⣬
һ˲䣬Ӿ֮зɳߵɫĹâסȣ
ž
ȱݺݵˤ˻ȥ
ߵâȻ۳ţģرһɫĹںҹл貵ǳ
ǡ龪ȵԼĹ
ľԶаǽ鹭㣬źڰԶв
һԺл졣
ǡ鹭߾۳ɵ
ǣƾһˣ
ҡĪ·𿴳˼ַ֮ϣͷ
鿴ᶨһȻͷܺþ鹭
ר־䣬ʱ·һ޴ʱоһܣԴԴϵмС
ڰԶв
Ѹײڶ֮ƽ鹭׼ȡ
ܣȵ˫ڿзţ߰Ļⲻ
飡
ʱˡ
һҵı֮Ȼħȫ˻ȥǵûʧøǿˣȱ׹ذΧ鹭ᴩ壡
ϵıŤֻ˺һʹͣţӿʼڻǸɫӰһ̶ĲҽУʧڰɫâ֮У
ǵâʧ̾һ̱ڵϣ˺һ
صһ˲䣬鹭ߵâɻص֮ϡ
ѾͷĪһϽӡ
û¡̧ͷǿһЦݣԵƣ룬ļ򡭡ͻȻͣסˣȻؿļ򣬷·𿴵漣
ĪϽͷһ˾Ȼ˼ˣɻȻʹûܹһٿȣȻҲˣôˣ֣ղѪֱھȻˣŶ
Ī뿪˵ʱҾȻҵضǼ֧ŵ𽥳ѺۣԽԽ޴ʯӶشܵϣǽҲ֨֨졣
ǽΧ䣬̳ǵصط
⣡Ҫˣǿߣ鳯ĪͷѸ˲ŻԵİУѵض;ʯ飬խСٶȥ
ճҵһ˲䣬ֻһײһʧӰ١ͼܵĺ棬ңѾ̮ˡ
ͼܵǰ糣㰲Уҡ
һУˡ





8.1.ãδ

Σúܺã
Уİ칫У飬Ե
ллУɵشһһֻܾС¹վһߡ֪У֪ݣͷ
Ȼ㲻ѧĿǺõģҲ㣬οôĹסУͷŴεգ˼ȥǾͿԼˡ
˼ǡ͸¶һ˿ϲҿԻȥˣ
ô죬ڿԻȥˣ
ԣ㲻Уһᣬֳ˵ԳȥˣллĪ
õġתһɻָͷ˼Ƭ̣̲סתԼʣǸУҿɲһ⣿
˵ɡ뻺عͷ԰׵ɫϴɻ
Ǹ֮˵ġƽһжڽ俪֮ʱʲô˼ѣôδ
Уѵˮʵ仰Ҳģֻһӡ
ٵģ龪ý˳
УҡҡͷҲ˵仰ȷֵȥ˼룬ε˵˵õضȥάƽа˵õȴҪȥ磬ѡԣǿĴڣһֺƽҲһѡ
ݸһЦˡ
ӹ⣬͸ĿԴ⣬ԼҶɳɳ죬ϸ૵ 

Уң鿴һδ뵽ֵˡ
Īô龪ȵؿѿڵ
㡭ҪˣʵһĨɫתС
ǰˣҾҪȥˡ֪Ϊʲô˵ȻΣһ˵ռͷ
ŶӦһͣãֻڣû뵽ǹҳħʦ
û뵽黹кܶأǿЦЦҪûʲô£ˡ
ȵȡͻȻͣ㡭Ժ󻹻᲻
ӲسһЦݣҲˣԺµ񡣲ҲӵģСѣ
԰ȥ֮һжˣһУֻܵ䡣
ѡһʱ͡
ֻתŸӵʧʧ䣬˵塣
֪ӦȥӦԣֻĬĬصͷ
ôߡûеӦһ룬ѾһůĻ
㡭㵵˵һ仰ֻöůůϢůĸоȴŴʹǣúñء
ɿ˵ĬĬת뿪ˡ
ıӰįͷʲôΪʲôһ뵽ԼҪ뿪壿ֹʲôʱճԺﲻϸֳ顪
ǵյʱĳЦǡ
ÿ鷳ʱ򣬵һ
ÿʧʱ򣬵һ
ÿ˵ʲôʱ򣬵һ뵽
ͺԺл֮ȥӰӣԺƮɢ
飬ˡ
ʲôأȥΪط硭
ᣬҲ޷ƣۿ
ټˡ

 
лҪ˵һ¾ˣҲô[]ԺдЩ^-^




8.2.β

һڶףУܿͿˣһ֮Ҳ·ӡһȫĵط
ħѧԺָֻ糣״̬
Ȼһһأعš

ãĿγ̾ϵ¿Ρ˵һ֣ͬѧǾѾӵҡ
һټֻʣĥĥѧ
ô㻹ߡĪʶתĳλʱ򣬲𡪡λѾˡ
ǰѾˣôأԳس˳ǣת߳ҡ
ϦɫϼӿֳԭտգȾһŨĺɫ
ߴĽϦųӰӣɫĹâһأ顣
ĪԲڼžУϣƬʧ
Դ֮ԼȱʲôʲôԼҲûӣһӰ˺ܶ࣬ȴ֣һӱÿָоܿơ
~ʧʱһЦͻȻͷ˼
һϤѵ
Դɻ̧ͷݶϣһϤӰӳ
ҵĳƤɫӣ
ȻѧУƷ뿪
ŮϦûĹâ΢ЦЦ紺պ΢磬˲佫ѹֵڡ
~ûң
Īޱض˺þãͻȻתǰߣԼʱһĨЦ߲Ծ
ô֣æСܵ׷ȥ
ɻظһ·ֻ̣ͻȻס˽Ųתͷһֵֺ
ôˣʲôýţĪ
Σڻؼһ仰ȴһ
հ 
Īʲô˼֪ҾͲˣصһﻹ࣬ˣ
ˣˣ㿪ЦѡĪͻȻꡱһЦˣһԴˣ㲻ǡȥôֻˣǲǡ
ǲǱˣʣ߻˻ȥ
˭˵ħʦܷż١һۡ
ڷż٣
԰εɵú˳ϼһˣͷҳأԣԺӣָŶЦеؿ
˵ɣĿԣ֪ܲܺϸءĪɻ˵ţǰߣζ
㡪ʲô˼һϤĳϤȴ΢ЦĻ䣬Ͻ׷ȥȵң

ǵ˵ⱲӸƲ𣿡Ϧ£ŮС꣬ʵ
겻Եһۣ˵ͷ
أⱲҸˣ׳ˣ
Ҳ֪Լ׳氡΢΢鴤
ǸŮЩ˼س˳½ǣιǲǡϲң
꿴һۣ
ţ𣿲ȻΪʲôҪң

ǲǰ
һŮȻȥһк⣬֪֪갡̲סˣԴ
ѽңУʲô𣿡
ŮӦһ㣬𣿡
ŶˣԭĪϲֵŮѽִң֪ˣԭǸɵģŮԴ˵ʹָϽСȥ׷ԶӰ
Ī㻹ûдأιһ

ջĳγˮ㾧Ө͸һƬ£ȻֵͬУ԰

-ȫ-

 
лҪ˵ڷˣԺ㷬




ãصС˵ www.27txt.com ӭȥŶ
վԴתԻ˲κθ,֧棬ȨУ
ȨУغ24Сʱɾñ鲻빺鼮лߵ֧֣
