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 1 


ĶѨУضҵ鼮鼮ϲ֪Ŷ־綾ࣻССĲ֪ж١
һάŮӲҿ̫ѩײߵë̺ϣѩ׵ɴȹźͰɽѩһ׵ļ
ΪҪȥںڵķͬ˿Уɢ٣羫һԲƤѩǣｿ΢̵ĺ촽ڽΡ
ֻĿһǱʻŵǧ죻ֻ뵤ԿǻݺתֻҡҷǴƮ缸ȣ컯Ůˣʵ˼䡢޶񡢶һ޶ԸнһһŮ˽Ҳ
ɽҲǺܷġ
֪ҹصġĴ˹Ƿʲôүθɡ
άŮһΪԸ⡪
ԸΪǸʦһУҲˡļͷֱ϶ɫаһ鼮ȻܹõǿŽƵĶ顭
ϵõΨһҪһҧ
ߣתͷ߶ͣϡ
Ҹ㣡ʹ
ɽұۣ޴ɴ䣬·ǽڰźۣһȫ˸˸СҲ¶˳ʯڵ͸ħȵĻʣͷϵ͹ͬһڡ
ҺŲֱˡ
Ŷʱҵ㡣һ۱ԵŮ
ڶܲ߿λŮҪʼԭ֮ˡ

أ
ô᲻أ㵽ûаã
ôûаã
ô죿ʦô
ߺߣһӽһֻ˫ʵŽ

Ѳ谮ļˣȻ迿̫
ȻҲǰѰȹûױͳһļģںڵķһ죬бһ֧ΪԶԲ
ɧһϸһ˿˷ı˴ϸܡ
ͻҴҵŲ̊Ǹ
ˣˣڸĵǡţ˭ǸӰǣҵˣ
ү
һ͹һ˵ĵжҪҩ⸽ĽҩˡӦû͵ҩɣٺ٣Ȼȫѹ
㣬ǸСүҲÿΡߴ˼Цֵ
㿴˰ĸʦ֪
ܵԣȻͷǣôأ鰮ǶôȤĶֻſüŵĶ
Ƕߡ
Ŷ㲻ϲʦСүٻ󡭡
˵꣬Ѿ˹ǷҲҼˣͶһңȻвƸҵˣҪҪæ
ǰûȤǶ߿ˡ
ߣааЦ⣬
ŵ˸棬ͷŶȥĶ
ȥúѪӰһѾԶ
ţ

 2 

ϣǲ
Ÿɵ̵ĴߣһѪȴŵϤϷȥֻһλɫŮѾװõҩ
һŶô
Ҫ𣿡ŶЦ׷͸㣬ЩҩѾҶĲãܾţӵֻЩˡѾټʧ
Ŷ֪Ƣ׷ȥ
һ档
ֻһ£û̬ʮ߰ͣ˫ĿбɣĿţȴӢˣϷδ磬ٲȻһλ
һɫӰȴ磬ƹ
˲֮䣬Եò
ŷԵһԭΪŮѾѵõ˼ɫȴʤһ
Ŷҩҡ
Ҳ漴׷ֱ׷òŮ
ؼֶ̾磡˭
˭ϣŶҲͣؼﲨתΣʵƽδľɫ
վڴ˶Ů֮СضǡŶǡִ֮޷
ҪתŶҩң
ŶһתοˡţӵҺ£ϣ֪ҵĹأ
һҪʲô
С죡ѾϣİȹӰ㡰ҴӰɽɰ߶ˣ԰ȥʱȻҪƥ
ţ̳ɫ
㲻ôǸһˡЦ˳
磬Ҫ£ҩܼ񣬻䡣
ѹȥ
ضҪ򲻹Ŷġ󼱡
歶ѩ׷תֶԻڴ򶷣һۼ赸
ѨŶѡ
ںܿ죬ԸѧҩʦѧĻرŶһ䡣
ضǰסƾյľŶ̧ͷŶôô
ֻۡ
ת£ż˶˵Բϡ⬼˲Σҵ߼ףǲϺ
Ŷ¶ƣȻһˡѽҩ
Ӹ£ͷﵴðҩѪϣС죻ҾضƤģһˣ
ʮ˶ĿתŻأеԲλ࣬еıģ֪ò롮ʦۣ֮ǳΪġŮӡɣ˺ԼҲ谮ˣԵŶô˵ʱǲɵϲ
磬˭
㶼ƾʲôҪ֪˭أŶ£ָǴҩϸ磬벻
Ŷ㣡Ȼ֪Ʒԡ
ٲӦҲ߲ˡһתεȽѵ
ҲѾΧסǡ
ҵš˲ʱ˫һչЩΧסصĽһǿɶ
زü
ƺȣֽӹҩŻط뿪
ŶԭأЦָһɷ˯ȥ
Ŷ̫ˡ׷״ﲻǼ
ҾˣôŰɡŶ˿⡰үҾˣȻȥ׷㹫ʦָҺ£
߲һתôүǷأǻתһǰɫ
պϼŮŮɣȴȻˣֻ죬û
ƮƮһλˡ
ŶѻصˡȴͻȻΧ
ǵȻΪ˽ǣŶֻССĽѵһ»аĹŮһ㶼⡰ҪǹҪѽҪʲôҲ롣
Ƕˡаţ׷׿ŷˡ
治ֶ¾Ȼô书˵ãǵļ
ǰǰŷӺ޸Ŷ
۵ŷȴЦǸɫŮǶаҩʦ֮ŮǰµİɽŮӡ˭

еŷ˺ȷֱߣŲ裻վߡ
ûܴǿеõȷеϢҲ֪ͬ
ʹһʦ
ûпŪŲ豭ǣļˣ˾ɫȻԻؾˡ
Ҳ֪ҡͷ
ţ豭ط£ǵĻһ˿
¡Ĳ֪˽չˣ˶ѣĲ׼ҹܸ׼ʣŶ˵СͳڷߡĶ硣

еķڰɽֻˣ
ŷһǸ˵Ů˾ȻôŮʲôˣ
ҾҲ֪˺ܶ˵һ䡣
常
Ǿ͸ˣ
͵ҪָŶ򣬵ŶԸ⣻Ȼȴֻתˡ
ȻĿ˴󿪵⣬漴ͷ
ֻһۣѾ󾪾
촽ŵĴ˹Ƿѩ׵ƮȻ
ŷ˻ͷȴȻµ˫綶˼Ǳôһ¡

һ磬Ȼ˯ѵģ˵Ȼһƥ쳣ĸߴƥ£ѾſڡС졣쳣еıסڵõˣ
ƥȴһǳˣ޿εģ
ŶһȦˣһ˺úչ
ŻͷͿһλ꿴һĺƣӢŷ˵Ŀβͬȴ
ҿɲֺáŤͷȥ֡չ˾չ˵ȥ𣿼ȻֱףôҺ˵أտɱΪɽŮǸʲô¹ô۸
ŶСү˵ִ˵
ô˵ǺҲ˵Ҳ常ǣȥǶѹȲƥǧĺѪԡѲСүŷ涼ˣ

Сү£ӾͲˡŷǰ͡
ŷּˡտ˶ߡʶϲ²һļˣòŷڶδޣ֪Ůŷ˵Ĺϵ
ָתǼΪ´Сµ£ȷҲδ֪ɲϲ˴⣬Լûи㶨أ˼ܱˡ
Ǿ˵ҲˣտץסĻС֪ˡ
ŷ˹ǣ뿪
СɧУһһȻ
ŷתֻԶͣӰٶûǽڹ䴦

 3 

Ρ
ﶼ̾ߵģȷûʲôɿġ
˵ĳУһ㶼ɭѪкβԡ
խηڡ
ȻһλԼŮͱӡ
ûнƯվ⣬һȹ̬ȻСү۹ⲻˡ
תҲ˰ŮӣЩ֪ƺǰɽİ£ҲǺˡ
벻˫λӡˣط̹ǣֳţһȾˡ
ô𣿡ȶŭӡ
ںö̯֡
ȱͷ߰ɡ
Ŷɲżģڴˣ
ѹؿڣӡߡ
ƺԸнӴ̬ġ
ߣΪȫˣŶš
㾿ҪΣЩԹ۵̬ȡ
ŶЦҪߵǳȥҵ
ǲҪ
ŶЦݲǿҪˣ˯ʱ򶼱ۣҵЩС߰ϲ˶䣬ġ
㡭ԣһָ
ҲĴأƾð˿־ߡûǮ
Ǯеǡסŵ
ҪʲôȲ⡣
Ȼͬһ飬߿š
ǹ
̧
ȿտȴȫϸֵͨӣΪδƶ̫衰
סŶش
ȿһۡ
Ҳ֪ΪηݻסҪסνʼ磬顣
ȴƺվڣдʧ룻ڷĴţϸĿȫİΣڿǽϵһǹͷȫסˡ
̬ڿĶ֡
;ԲȥŶţǰһƼᣬ֮Ҵˣϣǵ鷳ˣԭǵġ
ԣǹͷ
˿˻ѡ
ҪסŮǵĵ˷ˡ
Ҫ͡
ȴҲ˷·һ㡣
Ϊ˰ȫѲһӡŮǵ
ᡰðɡ
ɶ񣡡䡣
ŶǡӴߣסǣ죡
ȵͷû˵常
ȴٳٲ뿪
Ŷ磬еǹ򴰿ڡʲôҪҪŲܽ
常Ҳ
һ۾ŶҲ˭ԣǹ֪ġ
ŶЦã
ǴӴڶǳ롣
ֻŶǹվ
⣬տȻҲڡ
ôڲŶЦ㲻˵ҪСﰡ
ϧڵǸϲİŮԾŶôôļҶ˵ûкá
˼ҵȲӣס
ϧǹͷùʲô
ҿᣬ﾿к֡ûʲôرġ
ȻΪβƣտš
Ŷתͷҿ壬ֺαصƣ
տ߹Ѳһӣʲô
ɿȻСүأԺˡ
ϧסŮȻԸЩʵͶԵĺܣѵͶԵŮȻ˶ӣŮԵͺ͹µиŮ
ˣŶҲΪ׵İΣտ߳ӣ򦡰ϣ⡣
Ŷ촽Ҳûνˡ
ϧס֡
ˣ㻹ϢһȥˡŰϧŶ˽ЦտһչСүҿ𣿡
֮´СɷմﳩξǵտҪȡ
̧Ǻð
տ΢Ц

ȶ䱸ɭϣ⡣
ôôտĵš
ŷһ׶ſ쾢װۣ糺ɫɴ֯״ͬīڸϵ䣬죬緣ŰɫƤģֳīȣԴȦȻаЦŮʿȨˣΪֻеȴˡĿһתȴȳĲ̯ǰ
տԵĿһ
ǣ⿴տĲȻ
ͺô໰ƺ
Сү˵𣿡
ü㲻ᴧĦȻ֪αҪʡ
СүġŽЦҵǿṩһŮ˵ֶΡ
СŲںأԸ¼տͷһʻţϡ
ʻĶ䣿տŵת
ŷҲɵһǺʱģ
ŷŶʻûпľͷһŲ˹ġҲڰ
Ŷ㲻ôܣŷīһʡ
տһࡰϺ٩ֲţࡰǲǻ
Ȼһ仰תŷ˵ע⡣
ŷתͷЦĶŮ
ָһȥ߹ȥ
ߣҲȥտ
տû׼žš
û뵽ŷ˺տȻͬʱ߳
ǸŮ
ϡЦѤá
ͷŶôҲ
ͲЩ⡣ô⣬ܾشʲôòʲôưɣЦĿǣ
Ͳϰ˵ѣرǰɵͷ
ؼ״̵;Ŷ֮䡰ֶа
СŶȡСүԼ澩ǣ½㣬ƹﻹйҪҪһ𣿡
ţ
˿
ЦĽ˶಻Ǹã˵أү
תµȻԸ⣬ǲ֪ƹ¹ǷҲͬ⣿
ðصͬ⡰ߡ
ڲСտϾܾҪȻ׻ظ󡣡
Ǿˡһ磬½㣬ߡ
ǲŷܴ׽ĻᡰСү;Ŷͬ棬ظһϣ㿴Σ
ͬΣ˹һת¡¡Сүϴʲôʱ򣿡
տһʣЩ
Ҿ˵ΪһֱƲֵġͷȻ˵ٻˣǰɶûˣǸȻ󣬶סʮûȥȴֲ档ö֮ôã鲻ãôã
ôһ˵տЩɵĶǡ
СүҲһ°ɡŶЦĿʹ
տȴĸ״˿ȴǴֲװ
Ŷӭǰ
Ŷðɣ᲻ᱻϧȻȥߣڶӺݡ
ôأŶҡͷСүТĿɼΣͱƴˣ
ŷ˵ͷЦԭмƻǡתΪʲô
תȴȵĿ⽻㡣
վڹ󣬲ɴ

 4 

ףȥСү㻹ءŶļЦš
տôһ˵ŭ
조Ƣŷ涼󡣡Ƶıͷ
״տֻѹСߵƢŶҲգĪ
ߡŰϧﶼǷӣֶ࣬һ㶼棻ȥ滹ã
ϧԣͷ
ŷʹɫ
룬ضԼء
ôңطǳԶԣס˹磬ǻǲҪȥˣ½㣿
Ҫȥȴһ̬
ţ
ֵϿʼ֮á
Ŷһֱŷ˺ͻػ涷죬һֱùơ
տһ˼ĸףȴʱʱͷںˡ
Ȼ⣬ΪҪءŴЦԡ
տͷŶˣһŮֵ⡣

ϡ͵ĹĽűʲôƵģʹȥ
硣ȥ
ƺǱܵģȥץˡ
û׼ץסһˤ¡
ѹ¡
硣̸ȥ
Ȼʹţȴǣæ˿Բ𰡣¹ԲҲǹġ
տȴѾǰץ½󣬾ȭͷ
ңص˹ǰ棬տ
ϧҲˣֹ
ŶЦţ˵㲻
ŷīһչȥأ˾ŶЦ⡣
ⷢ̽עӣתǸЦأ
ʮͤ
ϧߺܶ·
۲ۣŶ硣
ϧ΢Цҡͷ㣬Ҳſ˺öط
ȻʹʹŶ̧ͷ
öˣˣ뵱Ҵˤһͺˡ
ʱֻ͹ĺãһͿЦ𡰹˵Ƽôô
ϧһǵĶԻס˾ŶŶղ˵ʲô
ŶǹףǸˬʵĴҲչ˾ŶŶĻش𡰹Щ˵֪Ǻϲҵģ˵Ķϱء
ͷŶ￪Цġ
֪δ飬ȻôԵХ֮أ
ŵХֺ󣬰ϧɫ䡰Ŷ˵˭
ĵŶظҿϾôдģȷХ֮λ
ϧǹХ죿Ƽ
Щ֪롰ǰʲô𣿡
йǸ
֮ܵľ
ﻹţϧһץס
տһ
ŷīһת
㶵ĵͷʲô
ϧͻȻû뵽û뵽ĺˡ
ʶҵˣڽôʶԼ˵ĵ
ϧϸĿ񣡡
ףôˣտɫԡ
ϧͷ簡
տһ㶣ʧЦ˵ЦˣǺˡôСүʲô硣
ϧѿڡҲǡ
ŷ˽ֹԡɫѾ磬ЩظүҲȼ˰ɡ
ѵóŶ졣
࣬ǹ˱ǣšҲʲô۶ӣһҵ£ɽĹ֪ġ
ߣŶĹضҲãõһҪõ
֮С
ŭڣƾЪ̧ۣ쳤Х׳ҡʮǧ·ƺ¡ɵ챻ڴ˿
ϧǲ˼ĽڡĪСͷձС
šܣδѩӺޣʱ𣿼ݳ̤ƺɽȱ׳־ͺ²⣻Ц̸ūѪͷʰɽӣڡ
Īֵİȴտŷٴа㡣
ϧͻȻץסԼؿڣʮǰô
һֲ˴ֱ߳Ŀ
ʲôˣտǾͳΧס
常ȼᲽȥ
塣ҲЩҲȥ
ȥȻҲȥˡ
ŶûſīȾŵǰ
üȻǳˣҪ𵽵ף
˫ԹŭĺɵģǵЦŨ
ͷЦǶԽ̿ѾƽüǶĵζŭ⡣
ܰҲͷЦȶüݵ
Ĵڴǰ촽ۡżſʼأ
ͬʱеġ
ϧЩ˵ݡ
Ѿòδĵİϧƽһס
ϧ

ϧοˣ˺󼸲
塣
ϧŵֻһ
տоЩԾ뻽ʿ
硣ϧʮˣһֱΪ˵ģΪ˵˻ǰ㻹ţ
Ҳšû뵽ֱʮ꣬ȻˡȻΪ˽˵
ߡտ
ŷ˺;Ŷͬʱתһߡ
Ŷϧߡ
ҲߡϧŽ𡰿㲻˺
ŶͻȻӲץסϧȹ衣ͽϧʮͤ

 5 

ϧܵĿյܿա
Ŷ˲ˮ͸Ҳ¡ô£˲裬ݹȥ
ϧΣ
˿ڲ衰Եǰ㣬ҲԵǺ㡣
ϧЦңΪҪң
һܻңԴﶼǷҵ뷨ͷŶ΢Цڴ˰룻Щɻ֢ڣ磬ʵʣ𱸵𱸣½½⡣
ǵģĺңҵĲ֪δǳ·
͵Ƶĵоš
˰ţ˴˶ŶԷ
ֱҹ
ҪҪ˯ŶΪϺ
ҡͷ
㶼ҷˡ񵽡
ϧ֣ӡǸرŮӡ͸ģȴֿԹһߣֻʺϵİ
ر𣿡Ц˵ֻʹ
ϧ⡣
ҡͷЦתΪ͡ԲԼ⣬Ұɡ
ǵģԼⶼͷơ
ΪƭңŶ̾ǲ֢ᡣ
ϧͷ
¶ʱϣܵ㣬˺ʧȥ汿
¼ŵıӰΪô˵
֪İĽ˶ӡɵ˶ܿˡΪ֪ôˣתҰӻ᲻ļҴΪ̫ʧȥɡ
ϧ
Ĵǲ˵ġЦҲ˵汿ʱʵˣѵ֪еİܵõҸԼҲҸĻ
ۡ
ںˣԽҴˣûˣӴҲˡ̾ƽʮɵϣ֪㲻֪
˵ˣ㡣ѹΪ䶼ҪŶ˵ˡ
Ҳ޺ˡŶϢҲ̫ѹĴ
֪ʲôƺʲô顣
Ŷתҿ԰ɱҪˡ
ɱ˭
ϧס
׮׮̻¶˰ϧǰֱ֫䣬ȫ
̱û뵽ʵ˲̡ģǣ㡪ô֪
ȻҵͲ͸¶ˡһı֪ˡ
ô飬˵ѡ
סŶҲ˵ײаĽ¶ġ
ŶΪҪЩϧҪʲô
ҪġΣһֱڻŮӡܸҪʲô
ת
㵱ˣڴҲţúķ紵룻͵ƴƵİ´
ϧָۣס
ҲΪε㲻Եظúӵڣǲǽڣɷˣ͸棬ˣ˵ģʲôڼȻѡң
ۣ紵𼡷ĺȥɢڹ֮ޱʹ
տòңȲǽˣֲǺˣԴأǷʹûһ
˵ˣ˵ˣϧҲ֧Ųסˡ
ͻȻһŴŹЦݵӳߡϧǸûŵˣ˾ֵЦ⣡
ջˮ
˶ˣԼĺӣ
Ϊܣ
Ҳûм棬Ϊûأ

 6 

ޡ
Ϊջסˣҵһլ
̾
Ҳ˶
䱸ţȥšŶ
ſǰľţÿݡ
ˣûˡԾ¡
ϧҲõϢŶ˰ϧûлļ׷ʡ
һ̧Ƕ޶İɣ
޶ԡ
طӦĿ조˼տǡ
šŶǡ˵ǻɣʲôɣ㵽̯ӡ
һǺˣ
常ӡŶ̧ġʵ;üƺʱ;ոӲ㰡
ôΪزϲʹ㡣
ֻ̧ۣһۡ
ضԾŶƶ֮Щţæˡµ꣬ʵŶĵغġ
簡ǰɽˡ
ȹܶˡҡͷض㲻׵ġ
ʲô˵ôסؾƫ̻Ů
żҴӦŶ˵ǲܸ㣻˿϶ΪΪġ
ҲɿʼЩҪϧ
ʮ֮Щߡ̧ͷںңЩҪú롣
ʲôģȻһжպҵ⣻͸ôӻع顣˵
ŶЦôտ벻Сү⵰Ҳۣʮĸ֮Ҳ˵Ͼ͸ϵģ飬ǲҲҪСһЩԼһֻǳ֪պҶеģȻʹ޵֮أӲһɣһֻﶼи飬οʮӣԼ棬κ˶Ǹжɣ
ҲڡպҲǺͥʧɢʮףԵص常ߡ
Բʹɡתࡰһǳˣһʮ길飻½㣬壬ϲʲôοԼϲʹ಻Լѡ֮ﻹǱ
㵹˽տظ˫ֻأС
Ҳԡ˽Թ壡
Ҳ֪
˵Ĳ̲
ʲô
޹
ϧ۵Ŀź¶˯Ķӣָסӣ︡žŶ˵Ļ
տòңȲǽˣֲǺˣԴأǷʹûһ
Բ
֣ʵڲ֪½⡣
տߣʧһҹĸڴߡ㣿ԴһʱûзӦ
£лϧϧĿ

еտǰ

ƭң˵ѣտ޷ܵķڵĶһˡΪʲôΪҪһУ
ڵĶǶ룻Ӻʧһҹ֪Ǵ󾪣ЩڣЩ˳ȥ
ϧйŷŭ
տվǽСôΣҪΣĸס
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ϧպҽӵϢɱһǵ顣
ŷβ󣬵ȹˡ
ϧĿ䡣
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Ŷ඼ˡܾ㣬ȫģԹȻ
պͷһѾͷ
Լ鷴˽Ҵ𣿡ϧġҼס£𿿽ң
պΪԼˣס£
ŷ˫üһѾͷ˵ʲôȻͬסڣ
տŵĿ
һסСϧǡȿʱΪ˿ѡģŶ˵ξÿΪѡ񡣡ȰİտѡѡˣѡˣĴ𰸣Ƿģѡ˼գǾͻȥһѡΪҺˣҾͺţҴȥϴһ֮źˣǾԼѡ
һжˡȹ룬Ȼȵɼˡ
տס

 7 

ضšʲôüıտѡȻѡǮƵĵˡ
ȵͷҲѡĲһ
롣Щķٻ𣿱ˣ
ҲԳĬ
ȥ
ʲôػͷʲô浱Լ簡
ĶӣҵĵܵܣһҪȰͷɵţһ㣬׼˾Ҫײȥ
һͷۣȻҪȥȻԼܲȥˡ

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æһȷƣˡ
պҧĿǸ¶и߸Ӷĵ
۵ĶԽȻţɨæһϣȻǷҡ²Ĺ
ž
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үҪŭŷ΢Цﲻۡ
պѹסŭ̧øһ
ԼĹʲô
ŷȫӲļͷ˴סȴ֪Ʈܰζ䵭
Ƽû¾ˣҪ֮ǣڶߡմοίأ
ֵŷûѡ񹥻ΪȻ˫类Ĳʺܿͱܰɢǰɽˣ֪ʲôаȫС
Ŷ㶼Ѿˣתͷīȵᣬסüġ֪ҲΪĿ˲١
һҪ˵ҲպԼ⣬ʮǰΪûиϾɱأ¶ͬš˼˵ͬʱǲҪȫҪˡҪʬĵѵҪЩ󱲽̣
㣡պȴҲαסš
Ŷſתߡү˵Ĳȫ常Ҫ϶ٻأĳŪ˫ָء
ŷЦүŶƫġ
պҺ;Ŷ
պһмˡʲô
Ŷ͸ˣ
ŷ˹Ҳ˵СүѡӣǾ˵үʮĶڣǶԹһģСү֮ĸѵȲһżεİˣ˵ѪȻҪС顭ֻҪסСүͻ£ʱ򽫻һվɡ
վɣŶüվɾͿ𣿡
ŷͷ۶ǹҵЦôŶԣ
պҲǳȤ
˵ԼŮˡżҡͷ㻹ҪүٹʮӰ
պԣʲôð취
Сүŷ죬ӦûȹɡͷǱߡɱΪִУǸţһҲġ
Ҳ˵һŷۣƼ۾ļݽ
Ϸһʼġӡүûн֣˵ľ滹Ҫȥ
Ҫȥϧպ
;ΡûֹжԴȴϬȥϸﶼǻԣŭ񡣡
ŷ޷˽ʵĿģɵЦɻתŶҪүʲôأ
ôһѣպҲŶνĹء
ǣҪʲôպҵĸнֻ֪ҪܰϧĸӣʲôԣеĿžŶϣܿ۸
ŶһƷƸԼ׬ҲûСʵ벻ʲôô
µľûпԼԽ׵ģպҿŷˡ
ܰүԸеҲ󡣡ŷѵ˴󷽡
Ŷ𲽣ߣЦš㣿ʲôֵҪģƵңҲתƵĺԺ뵽㣡
ʲô취
ȡ֮֮
ţ

 8 

ѥ̤˾Ũķţɵī档
һֻƱѥǰŭĺĺ£ŷˣԼŮ˶ܲס𣿡
ΪҪҷ࣬ѵ֪Ĳ̡
ŷ˵ִȵһתаЦȻѾˣ֣ʵǳǳ˵аЦչҪСүѡ񡣡
ΣտΪҪ֪ࡣ
ڣվԡȻΪѣҲҶһ
Ŵԣտ̧ͷ
⡰ʵҺСүһСʣ׷ѡԳЦҵϣһ˽Ҵ
տƿƿ̧
ЦȻʹģ֪ʱùɣѡԺ·㯵ĻԼ֯ĻĵôСүѾ˴𣿡
ʧڣĹҼ
Ǿ˵СүҪʮֻ֮ΪһνףסǷ⣿
տתסǣ̬ȼᶨպңһʹࣿ
ʹΪɡīִǰΪ޵ͬʱԸɡ
״ĵ·տŭ˵ͣ춨ĵλΣ
δֻѣСү㣬ҲýԼĻѹ¡
ҺһϵûУĹ߹
ЦţתӰȻСүŶѾ˾Ҿ˻үˡ𲽡һþŶ֪ͨλǰ
ŷˣ̫տš
ţŲתԼȡ᣻Ҳλǰүλ⣬һ£ȥ¶ޣҪЩͨ˵ļ𣿵ΪһŮѵѡ񣬶ֻΪνТԼܿ𣿡
տҧ˫ȭ
˵ѡҪΪȫǡȷ˵Լٻ󣬵ΪӣѵͲТ˳Ҳүĸ⣬λǰǷͬүһ㡭
˵˵ȥΪǸ˺պһ
˵ǳǳЦдơ˵ľʵѵ˵ԼλǰôͶԵԼô˵ԼÿЦСү·ǹȡ㣬ѵúúùȫ𣿡
ȥտָ⣬̧ͷҹȥ
òִȣ΢Ƿһԣײ
ʲô˼
ѾţֻȥıӰ

 9 

Сݡ
ϧǸ˶ǹ
Ŷʳ룬ǷŶûùԾߵߣŻתߡ
Ŷϧ
԰ϧǣʳ̽Ůֹš
ת
ǲ̫Ϊѿˣô
Ŷվһߡֻṩ˷ѡ㡣ںЩ˰ɡִҪߣԿߣܱƽ߳ȥ
ϧսǹͷһزȥˣزȥ
ôɱŶ˵ɱպΣ
ϧ̧ͷ
ңûκ塣ŶͷôܣĻҿ
ΪҪˣϧס
Ŷ£ָᡰҸҪģٿԸҪģֻǲҪĿƽĲһ˿顣
⣿
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飬ȴǷ̫࣡
ҡͷȻȴܼ
顢רһֺáĹأЩŮ
üɨϧӡöѡɣҲͨɳǺ̬ҲΪΪжʱ˰ɣһֱ£γɳ
ϧۡŶһ¡

ĸӼ硣

棿պŷ˺;ŶԣһֱѹԼûȥǶˣŷ˸֪Ҫļ棬Щסˡ
ŷ˵ͷү԰ꣻǼ棬ôŲǺ£Щ˵ܶĵĳ
Ͳ취պһ޷ͬͷľŶһҪ棿
û𣿡רĵĿ档
ŷ˲Ц𣬿պҡžŶѵ𣿡
¹ƾʲôĽˡŶüͷδ̧κˣպңȴûѡڵ㴦ƣԼҪ־͹ֵûºģնɱָһչ˷ֽ¨С
պҿֻһ𣿡
ϡС¡Ŷǰˮ̵һˮȻƫ²ңүҲĴ㣡
˵ת׹ڱۼ䡰ΪСү£ֻһˣĸԴ˶Ȼᣬ¾ȫȥ
Ŷҡָү²ɶʮ޶Уһվɣ¡һպҡġϧСүԶ룬ү̽䣡ҿɴδܶ˷̵ģ
΢ķɣ
ɡŶͷôҲ֡
ͲҪˡպҼˡ
ϣҲģɱڡУ׶ɱүòҪĳһ׵ܳɱĶӣҲȫɣ𣿻Ҫ˵ҲҪ£ںҪɱĵĻ
ֻɱϲߣ̸ף
㲻үѵ𣿡üּ䣬ŴӦա
պǰһŶ﾿⣿
ҪүǲΪ°ϧĸӶһˣŶбšϧԼȫ
պҶеĺݾô
֮ض

 10 

պҴӦǼ棬ϡ
տͰϧ˱׼뿪
ȴһ˵УΧסǡ
տ״ȡǺôĵӣ˽ҽ޵˭ôĵӵģ
ʱպҲѶ조ǣôĵӣȻҸУ
⺷ĳǽĽȭˣүǷ˱µ׽ԻѪͳĺĸӣ
ԣ˶Ǵ󾪡
տպҡ
˵ʲôϧǺˣҶӣպҴ˵
үźͱ˵ɡһ١£
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ʹ˰εԿ
ϧȻҲһЩ飬Щǲϰߵģץס˶ֱۡ
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үҿǷ˻Ǿʥּ뿹ּ𣿡ʡ
պ˵ýʳ谮Ͼֻӣͷϻлʵۺͻ֣ʥּҲòơ
ǼտɫСүʵ˴ţʢŭУʥּˣضҵү̽ʥҲˣαһҪ翹ףѵԶģ
ԣտʥ˺ִԣ
ǿպһۡպʥʱ˵˵үȢǰǺӣײ¼үСүүһĵĺˣĻҽĺˣΪŭСү
˵պҴŭһɺԣϧˣӣ˭ҥպҺ죡
տ˷ŭͼΪж
үʥʱԻǿ˷Ѳʱ䣬ȭԭ±ְҲǷּ£ҵСүɡ
˰ϧǰ
Ǽǲתպҡүּ𣡡
ϧҪţץտ䣺ƽЩŮ̴ӣȻ̫оǱɱҲĲ̡
տҲǲٿЦ
պվߡҾƴҲһ¡
ܣǺαأ˵䣬һλү˹ЦŽƻײеı顰ֻúֶȥһʶѣȻͷŻˣ㻹Ÿ700ȫ
磬̫պҶЩ̡
պЦšߣʻء
ϧס붯ֵտ
ǷģҲպ˵ļСûеһܽġ
ûе飿պЦǸҪץĺһʲ֪
ԣ˶Ǵ󾪡

 11 

һߡ
Լõʱ䲻ˣȴ׽νշʿ
Ȼһսȫˣ֪Ϊλ˵ǾȻǱ
Ȼ˺ܿķ֡
ĺ͹ǵһ֪ȫպң׻˵˼ۺ졣
˿̼ƣӣ֡
ǰʿȷүɡŷִȿƺҲһҹδߡʥŲԣץСү
ϧץΪʲôЩǷϵպҡ
ҺѡҺϧͿ
ץ׷ʡʲô
ŷ˽µ򵥸֪ʵҲǰһ´£Ȼǰү֮ǰжԹҲϣĸʲôɡ
ؿһۡ˭֪ǲǵĹƣ
ҾٻҲϧͿЦպұĻǳŭǶ˵һУ
ļ˵˼ɫ쳣Ҳ˵ѡ
Ϊ£
үһҧСүүӡŷ˴Ϊ˵Ѫݻүǳ֪ǰǰ飬ЩٱΪҲҪ뿪ñץʱүȣѱˣ
ô˵æʡ
ѪͳŶ롰߽ԡնʱ򣬹ɴñ700ȫһڣȹһӺݶ
źͷһ
Ŷŷ𣬵漴Σ
Ҵһ£Ʋ̫ĿͷŶǣºȲ衰СүɾͲˣƽˣ˲ˣŪأĲˣװĶܲס
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ͷµľʹӣáŶ²衰пͷˣϾɲСүˣ
㻹ʲôŷҲæ׷ʡ
ŰŶպҡƺȥļм̹ϧŮպҵˣƺ֤ɽˣ
ɶ񣡡īһϣڡûа취ǣ
ڳǣˡŶ²豭ã֤ǰ˴
պҡŷˡŶġ
һ㶡
պȻֻһ취ŷˡ
үɰŷƺ֪룬ֹ̳СҺ;ŶԿԴСүһµɾ͡
ҲҪǲҪģ̼ƻһ£Ͷ֡պҵȲˡĽãȳĸӺ󣻾ǷΡͷԼĶԼԣ
үĸʹġ
˫ơĸһ˭֪
үˣΧˡЭٴеĽ롰ⶼ־
ʥϸպˡŷ˵ɫҲǽţϵīȽסүҪԲߣ
ΣպҴȴȭߵϡɺޣ˭©˷
ǸϺŶŶżҸղŴʱ򣬿պҧţ̫ˣϺвġָָŷˡ
ɶŷ˴ŭһ֪Ұɽ
ү˼롰ǽˡ
պҿһۡǻرһ£
۾ĽͲЭŵĺá
ȼ𲽣ȻҲ롣
ŻҲ˽ȥ
ǰŸսȥǺʹ롰ү
ǽΪˣŷǰ
ǿһתպҡүʣ

 12 

ʹ
ϵĻһλϵĽ˶ţǽ䣻Ļ׹Ҳ˲١
ϧտ
󵨺ˣ˱¾Ȼ򣡡պһ͸
տĳɶպôֵطĥȫޣһҪҲ㳢Ƿ裡
֣޶պ̻֮ǰϧǺŮ֪ȷ׶㲻Ҳϲ
ۣȴѾϵʧȥͦӢŮӣɫȻ˵Ǻ˻ҽˣ
պұȭ
ʵ㣡ʵ۴Ļͷֱָϧ
ϧտǡ
ȻѪͳз̹ϧ̵ŮܹȥļвΪ֤պӿڣָǶ׿֤ϧµģȥϵӣѾУôֻܵأ
ǵĻܵ档պҾ硰Ǽҳ谮ϧĻޣŮҲΪֽŲɾҸϳ⣬Щ˵Ļܵ档
ǲأտµġպȻȫƱ磬Ҫ̣ץס֤ݡϡ
¡պҴǲµģһ빬̫ҽһ࡭
Ƕұ졣ڵϳĲɿʴŭ
һߡ
ʿʼղڵĺŮϱϧֻ㣻Ǻ˵ĺӣ
ìͷٴζ׼˽Ůӡ
ѪͳݻκλҶˣ֪࣬պҹȻϧտҲԲȫ˵ģܱһʱҲסһ裻·ưոݣҪ׷ɱصġ
ŶĻڶ߻ơ
ǰպͱˣĲݣҡ
ô˵
˵ĿⶼעֱҪ˲ɡ
Ϊ˻ɶպҹ򵹡ֻΪȢϧ𣿡ȻĿֻΪûֻʵܵǰ㱳ڶİ
ʲôӣͥڵĿޣ㻹ûҴжӡʴλ֣ĹǺ
ӣϧǡʮδ˵ģʹޡ
պߵߡԲҪκŮˣȻǺŮҴ޶ģûûʲôܺϧȣ
ôأΪ˸Ů˿Ҳ𣿡ʱĻĸŭģָıӿĶô谮㣻ر𣿡
պɫûϧǸȫΣ
ϧ̧ͷ˵ֱ׳ӣһֱСάڽеλãΪȻ׵Ĵơ
ᶨı飬ġ
ֻϧܵĿİװ˷ˡպҳŪţȭתʡ֪ܸһӣǰϧʱĹʾӣܾȻΪݣҲͰˣݾȻǰϧǰݣһסʮָ꣬õΣ
⣿
պû뵽ȻΪɡ
ǰϧǰ򣻸֤Ļǰϡպʤ׷տԲ֮ӣ븸죡
һӣլ٣ʣӻɡպҲԽʡ˼֮ΪլҲΪ˰ģϧΪжҲǴã壻ʲôܴ
Ŷ𣿡պɲôױˡҪһסʮ꣬ʮˣ˼֮ò
ҵʲôʲôֽͣպֻػҵĶӣǣԸܹã
Լ˵ġպץסֻҪץסǸģܴ£
ԶԣٴҪ԰ϧ
Ҫʱװ衣
ϧŶٱԣǾûͷûԵĻָıҪʱѵָľʱ򣿣
տ
ֻϧ̱
ϧ
պҲȥ
һҵĶĻжա

 13 

ϧôߴպҵ
ϧıͷȥ
֪ң˵պС
Ҫʲôϧ̻ͷ
ţպҲ¶һ˿ˣɫҲʲôһܿڣ˵ѣǲܣΪ˿㶼Ҫ˵һᰲһУһԲƽ뿪
˵֣أϧü
պǳǳĿЦʮǰҺ㣬ҵıӦˣϧҲ޷ˣȻѾˣȥɣʮˣûпֹӦңԺÿһ㶼Ҫֵġ˵븧ӣָڴ֮ǰͣסˣսͻȻջء
Ȼ
ϧԼڣƺǴˡ
乬һõġʱ
ǿأԼҪ
պұ֤ĵͷΣյģȺúϢ
үӣϧһɲ
պ˫ֽȭһᱣȫģġ
߳ڡ
ϧҧ

ڡ
ʲôĿЭĽʲô˼
պҲ롣
ߵߣغ͹һߡ
ŷҡ
ûгԹ࣡պ̾ȥЩǸġ
ǲҪĽȽ䱸ľܾ
¹ղڽܾ赹ܲùȵ档ŷǳЦЩҳݣ
ĺ޺޵Ŀųˡ޶ܸģֻܽܣǿ࡭
˵ⲻǸģպһȭϣ϶Ǳʹʮ꣬ҸľԲ٣ֻпһӣûȨܾҸġ
㣬ǻ룡ҲĶŭ
ǰ͵үǰһԸ𣿡ŷ˳ɫ
ͻתۣպһɬһĹȥĽүơ
ӮˣˣģͷҲ700ɣϧͿͰˣ
ЭҲһ߳䡣
ŷ˵ȻĿһۣת

ʲôˣ
һһ仰˾
ǹ˺ܾãûж
ʲôʲôˣ㿴ɵ˰
ǣʲô
϶Сۻˡ
һٱ򡭡
Ļʹڡ
ȹڿпٵĻʣͣ˰ϧڡ

ϧ̧ͷҲϲЦݡ
˽Ķëڡ
պҴȥ֡
ǿأǶӡ
ŷءסϧٶȷ
ϢĽΡ

 14 


ϧٶȿʱ򣬼ѡ

ҲǷǳҼ
ʱĺҲ˳
ϧͷ硣
Ŀı֪Ŷû˵ѣǾߵġ
ʱ䲻ˣҪԵԺ˵պŰϧϧ𣻿ټϳȥԵһ˿Ц͵Ȼϣܵ½⣬ʮ飻պԹ޻ˣ
ˣô죿ɵŶĻ
飬ȻԼе΢ЦЦôᡰھߣоŶͣһƽξġ
Цݣ֪ǱҪԼˡʮĶ飬˵
úӣ丸һж㹻ˡպҿĵЦͷӽ쿪ʼҪúТ˳ҪԺܱˣҪѧչԼТ˳˫ף
ԺʱǧˣյֽǮŶԴ̽˵дҲлˣǾͲҪ̫ˣ
㣡ֺԹھͲ档
Ŷߡպұȥˡ
Ҳڴ˿ֻ̣˴պԾ⡣
ӣΣպָġץסպҾ޷֮ˣܷ߰ϧĸӣ
ɶ
תԼûţˡ
Ʊצ͹
պһƷ
СġպҾ
īһչ
Ƕ
Ҫ£ŭŷˡ
ŶվߡȻô˵Һ͹ӾϢһˣձæȷۡ
ΪԼ÷ľ׹צͲƵģֻЩ˱СүŰ£ȻȫԸۿͲˡ
Ҳڵĸ֡ӡ书ϣһƾͰȫڶɴ
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ҲȻ˻ս
ؼҲǶ֣ȻҪȥ
ҲʱŴʹڵĸֺ־һʱ䣬ҳһš
ϧպҼһǰ
ӹ磬ʱѪ졣
үսеЭͷԮ
ŷһīȣѵ֣Ҳ
ֻоŶȲ裬йӣĺò֡
ϧֻѪģ
ߡƸġߣ
ҲˣǷݽ
߰պҲսһеİǵˣյֱ϶Լʺʪ
ذΧô
ȻȲ衣طɳö룬ݵԹۣɽ
ҸΣ㣬ŲҪҲϲءպңҴͲ£ϣҪҰպ𣿡
Ͷ˶Դ򣬱һʣֽţ˺üǡ
硣ضԸЩӱԣԸЩֻгɶ񡣡ǻСаĹܵñ˵£رʱסʩչṦȥ
Ƕ˱޹ؽҪȥ׷
Χסġպҡϧ
ٲߣɾ߲ˡŶŷ˽㲻ߣҿˡ
īһգպһۣѥһԾŶȥ

 15 

ϡ
պұ󣬰ϧѺģȶڰ󸿡
֤ȷ䡣պⲻֹտģ
ǰһƣ¹Ⱦͺݺȥ
ֱʹҧµȻǲء
߰˸ʿѹסŵ¡
常ȱҲ˼Ҫǰȴѡ
ģʿ
вաŭӡ
ǰϧʲôˣʡ
ӣ
أ
ҶӡպȻ󣬵šҪɱɱң޹ģš㲻Ҫ˺
ʻ֡
ס
ʲôˣѾպˣֱġ
պһͷĿﶼǸ֮ɫɣ˵
ϧҲת
Ҳǡ
ĿǼˣֿʡҶӣ
պʹļ׵ı۾
ϧ̱
˵ˡպЦοպôտǺˣܹһѪõᣡ
ǣ
϶ᡣٹҾ
һҪϳͣ׹ݶߡôõͼĺѪҽͳ
ǣ̫ˣ
һҪصϳͣ
ǣϧͻȻ׳ӣĽ˳
ıȫ̼ѻȸ
ûбԿߣߵǰָסգǺˣǽүպҵĶӣտ
˵պû뵽һֱڵİϧͻȻᷴڣ׺ݵĽ¡Ȼðϻף׵
պңϧһᶨѡү֪һֱҷܻϳ谮´˶ƣͼӺҷͺ׸磬ôκݵģ
ŮôңպһʱᶨĿ㣬ɡ
ϧԹޱȵĿġҺͶǺңҲܼӺҷͺ֮ĶԹ޹أ
ĲŵĿ
ϧպҲŵĿת䡣
үϧˣתһֱǰΣźүģʲôˣ¡£֮ӣԿԵѪףǣٴΣ
Ľ
ѪףīȰչ㵹ĳ
ȹ΢ЦЦ
ɾ塣
˾ء
Ϊ˶ӣϧʧޣ֤ʤһУκҪ˶ǵˣģŶ桰պҿΪأΪӢۺúȴ֪˵ʵǺӣȽϣѡʲôȻԶˣ
ī΢չšԵŽȨү֮ӣ²һܹܵģģҺ˹ûҲˣøӲɣʵãĻǽ֮ӣܴ裬ܵˣǶ
ȻôǰɽءŶЦ
ī𣬿ЦǣŶȻðɽĺݶ
Ȼŷ˺;ŶԤı֮£պպصļƻȫ̱ϳЩԭȵ֤Ҳ˵үвŲȺպҵġһδζȫʤǴȫʤ˳˶ĸ󻼡պ

 16 

ϲүŷЦšүһ˫񡣡
պ̫ˣҷǳˡ;ŶļƲߺãһúǵġ
лүŷҲǷǳˡ
ŶأСŮӲ򵥣պҺϲ
ŷЦ˵ӮˣҲܴ⣻ȥǱˡ
պҵͷߵĲ衰ŷˣɽȻ˽ܵ顣
ү佱ˡ⻰к⡣
պ̧ļˣΪŮϧҲǷǳϲϲպ󣬿Ը⣬Ҳԡ
òšȹһѾڡȻΪү˵ҲֻǸү߰ŷҽһҪ߲ء
Ŷŷ˳ԡ
պҲôӣŹֵĺܡ
ŶǸ常Ұɽ书ҲԸѧΰɫ
ȥǱˣŷ˼ĵ졣
ûϵӡҲŷȺˣѾԭأѾȥˡ
պҶ豭ŶҴæȻҪʲô
Ŷҡܸ޷ȨƺͲƸЩҪˡ
պ̧üǣŷˣҲǹû
µġŶѣ
˵꣬Ѿ뿪
ү£Ŷô顣׽ġ
պЦŮӲڲͬŸ˶İ
Ŀཻ
һЦīҡ

ȥɱ
ѵĽ˶˿Ŀ常ȫȻǷϵľģɵĽȭ
¹йɱ˵ʹ䱸ɭϡ
ôô޳ܣʧ̬ĴйеıߡǺˣǡ
ȻҪô˵ˡɨһۣ˫ָءǲ֪Ǻ˵ʵҷεģǸϧֻô˵ܱס
ԣתͷ
ѪͳڻȷҪطšպýʳ谮ҲƺΪ̵ĴԣտǷǽ˵ȻҪ
ԣЩƶǶ
رͳ⣬ЩҲһ֪⡰ѽǸϣպҶץ϶Դ
Ѫпܡ䣬ȹƮȻǻҡ

תͷ
ç֪νѪͳӳ̶ȡ̾ΪС飬һȨŶ𡣡
˵ԼȨƵġۡ
ضŶȷ⣬ȴͣס˿ڡ
Ȩ𣿡زšȨҪľӰɽ𣿡
ȴ졣
Ŷ΢ЦĿһ۹ôڣô죿д𣿡
תȵġ
Ҳܸ㣡سǡպ
㣬Ҿ;ǰ뿪Ŷĵ⣬ɫպȻˣǲưոݵģһҪ뷽跨̡
˵ǻ塭
ӣѪףĵѪҲܺܺأŶбʱĽҲ粨ɣ
ض˵⡰ɾôߣ
棬ҲǲСŶȡ¹Բܶ֡
ʶȭ
ƹﶼ˵ˣ˾ֻΪ˱סӵ»Σĸ׵ģҪľǺӡ⻰˵ıࡰٰϧˣϧʧ¼ޣҲΪ˸һõĻˣϣǰôʮίͱμ㣿
ࣿЦ࣡
ԣǺοǼ䷿ŶʡοౣǱǹպץסѱ½㣬治˽𣿻˵ϣڽϣ
ôһ˵ҧס˴
Ǹ˼˯š
ҲԶԡ
ǹȴƺҲǳĬ
벻ǶŶѾ˳ĽСүˣϣǸ˳ǸɲҪ̫ˡ
Ҳͷ⻰ͬ⡣
ŶЦҲеļıֻӦϣģֻҪ˳ӦƾͿˣǺֽ޺ҲΪ˼ѣˣǸ˵ĳǸǲСˣɵ︡һ˿
̧
˵˰ɣ˵ɡؾǲϲ
Ŷü֣ӻ߹⡣
̷׷
ξŶʵ̫죬ʱֻаӰѾӰ
ɶ񣡡ţϧ书ԼûкúѧΪԼṦɣ˱졣
֡
׾ŶΪˡôˣŶ
ɱûݽѹŶȻҶ㡣
Щ֪ĵͷ
˵ءתӡô˵ˣ
ϲض
ѾܽˣŶһȻϲΪνܴ󺹵ͣôûӣô׽ܵ𣿡
ʱֲ֪
֪͸ˣҶ㼸ˣŶŭʲôˣ񶥼ֵİŮҩʦаһΪ˻˻ݡһû
һŶҡҡ
Ŷ
֪ݶԾŶãǷǾŶϧģκҪ˺ݱŶı֪ˣ
֪ԶһЩô֣
Ҫ뿪أֻƲѣԼȷ綩黪ݡ
׵ҡŶҪ
̽šС춼Ѿˡ
ʻ鰡ʶй𣿡
㲻Լĺ˫ڵһͿĴ쳣ôϵԼİ׵񰡡
ɽͶȥˡŶݹȥһյźСҰ
дЩʲôСദùɵ׷ʡ
ԭŶ˵ˣҪǶԲݽ㣬ôʰ㡣뿪
ίţšôףԺ˭Ȣ㣡
㡣д
ŵĹһ:ô

 17 


տøǳ˳Ķȹʮա
˳ĵõӦе١
ȻǷǳ˵ģ߱ͣҲѾķ⣬˲޹
ɴȴƮûзҡڡ
һλֵĽİȹɣţ棬б籦ʯĺаᡰϲСү
ȹչڴ齱ߣչİٺϻһ˫˿ѥ̤ϺõĽϡ
Žӡ
ϣûһ˿ан䱸ָȻߣƿЩŮ¡
ЩŮȴЦתȥ
һӥͷȻڽͬݣѹסǷݽ䱸ŶƤҺҡ
Ȼţ٬лңǼ仰ܴ򷢵ġ
һܰżɸŶѵòȴ䱸Ȼò󣬵Ŷȣѷɫ١
Ȼѥ̤ǿɳڵӻѪյ׽ȻܣŶڣСȻ㣬Ŷڿͷζ֮Աǣ֪ҪԼĴ齣ڿա
ҪҲԣֵȻһЦ
˵һЦɫδǰȻȴܹΪ󹬼﹫ֹ
ŶǻǰĽŮӣȴŽŮӵãҲǰִٱ飻Ůӵķ飬ĮŮӵĶѣŮӵϸ
һЩЩҪֺη
Ŷˣǹ߷ģааָƿձߣȻȴ͵Ļš˻棿
ǾŶԸĻס߰֬ȴűӻ
˵ָǽһ϶
ϴϻޱȣȴû뵽Ϊ˼ѡ촽ǰš⣬Ϊ⿪ˣ㵹˳ӦƵĺöӣ
Ц𡰾ŶǺ⣿
üǰԣװʲô֪պǲȥģȻڡ
ǿԲֵġ¶β͡Ϊŷˣ㻹ǲˣ
ΪŷˣЦôң
ԴΪĹءĿڡȻһжоŶΪЧˣֺα˷ģһĺüҶû뵽պѪͳһ˵Ŷ֪ıӢ϶аֲŷ˾ίˣŶҰɣڣĻһ
˫ȦסңŶҳɵۣΪΣǺ㣡毺õͣ
ĻڣŶָ½̿ۡպԲʹˡ
ģܾһϡһģ
۶ӵĺȣҽΰ㣿ǻšȦĿС
ԣһ㶣תۿ
͵ģһ͸ĵ׵ͷǽͷ­ڱʯԵĺڰâʺϢ
ӲˡŶЦ
ŷһ䣬߾Կ̼Ѫ
һָסüģƿࡣ
Ҫʲô۽ǵߡ
׹צһתȹڿлĻȡСүӦúʲôɣ
ô򵥣
򵥣֡ΪĻסӣһ̤࣬Ӹ¡Ǿͼ򵥰ɣ
ŶŶڴ˿̳˽㣬˵ʱ򱻲֪ץˡȴŶ̬
Ļ;Ŷһ
Ŷÿ߻ع塰Сүڿɲˣ
һ۽ЦľŶۣת߳
ŶĿδľŶ
Ŷһ
ѥ̤Ӱ٣īҡһġ
ʦӲ֪ˡ
ԽȳֻһԺۣ̿΢¶ǳѩеѣͬеİѥ̤ߡ͸аŶ᣿
᲻Ϳȹ΢
ү˵Ǻ¡ǵԡ
պֲɣ޹ؽҪ
ԶǵЦȴﲻ۽ǡ

 18 

պ
̻յͨ졣
㵽˵˵
˵ʲôǶ˵ˣҺļޣͼӣ㻹Ҫ֪ʲô
ֻҪһҧտĶӣҾа취ټʥϡպ˵šˣ˵ţҴ֤ҵţҴ֤ʱƾϧ˵ʲôˡ
ĿպҺ޵Ľˣӡ
Ұ⵹պң㲻һԱ𣡡պ˼ӱ𣬲Сڡ
ޡȻպңҲԲպΪġȻˣͿվŶҲˣǿ԰⵹պң۾ϧ
պ㻹ɡ

պ
ţҴ塣
ʮǰѪȷٴνƽĴӣЩֺϧɱҲɷŹһļ޹ĴٴαѪȾ
ˢѪء

ɶ
̫ɶˣ
պôֹһεӣţҴˣȥҲڡ
պң
үˣүˮˣִجġ
ҹպطˮʧز˵˲ˡ

ߡסͬǱպۡŮӡ
ͷһ̧Ȼݣ֪˭ˣ
ʮλѵصĺˣģǴƧһ
ɴ㣿
Ҳ棬ȻǺСģġ棬ҪҪ
һиӵ㺷е
תȻ֪н̤ǰ
Щģסˡתͷô
ҵҲܼȰɡЦȻΪ˱ϧڣҿɲܡ
㡣ģȲɵһϲҾ֪㲻֮ͽ
ȡ˵ס˫֡лл㣬˶ҶҪֻҪ㶮ҾͿˣ
šڱʱͱȥͲԼˡ

ڡ
ϧᣬȴû¡
Ҳ˽ƵĿ
ԵĶֻܳճյ

ڻ䡣
ȴֵЦ𡭡
ԭ˰󣬰ȹ
īչ֮顣
ļ˶˳֡
Ŷϧæȥᡣ
Ľ䱸
ǰҶ˲⣻ֻǾŶЩġŷ΢Ц
תͷŰϧȻԹ㣬Ҳ֪ôɡ͡ҿǲܣ㺦㡣
ΡϧҡͷԲ磻ֻǿʮ갡Ҳܣܣ
֪֪ĲЩ
ȱ࣬ƺڵİӰﲻҲˣȻǶˡҪҵʲô
ϧסŶǲҡ
ôģһУ
һһԲأʹʱӦҵ飬ҪȥҪŶ٩
һ֮лһͷˣŶ˵Ķԣ鶼ˣǺһҹ뿪
ĻһСʯԭѾƽ˾ĺ
ĻͷŰϧ
ϧҲ
𲽣סŶŶ֪ʱǱƲѣ鶼ˣǣҲǵõպɵģãᣬһԲ
ŶЦЩ֣ŷˡ
ŷһֹġ֪ΪȾôоκ飡Ŷˣ
ĻԭʧȥϣͻȻֱ˰㣻ǰ鶼ˣ棬Ҳǵõպ׿ϵģΪβһ뿪أҿҲڡ
Ը⣬νŶʼ硣
ŶҲ׿ˣһסϧ֡ϧԸԸ⣿
ϧžŶ𣿡ҪġŶԣ
Ҫģȡ
ǡ
˰ϧĻȣ̫ˣô׵ʩУѾ֪
ӿԺܸӣҲԺܼ򵥡ŶǡͿôˡ
һŷˡŷӣ
ЦǲԸǰĲһеĻҲֻ˳ӦŶ˼ˡ
Ҫ߾Ϳ죬˿ɾ߲ˣŶѣɫˡ
һ㶼˼ɸ𣿡̲סôƴϧԼ
˻һ˶
ңҲܲ롣ЩǱڼǰϧٵ㡭
׵ϧסġǸмûպңҲḸӷʮ꣡ޣ˵ϣ
̫ˣüͷ
һ˵ϧһģʲô
ôһͱ仰򶯣ı⣻ǰװ׸ôˡ˫ȭʮĸѵȲһ˵ļ仰𣿡
˵˵ȥ᲻Сү֮𣿡
ŭպҵĺҲŷˣ˵ײɣ
ŷǳЦǰ롣
㺦¡Ʋ֮ˡ
ģܣǶˣһ˹¿꣡ĺšǱô˽οʧ¼ޣֺο裡һպڽϾͺˣʲôûУ
ıĻ𾪡
ϧҲҧԭء
Ŷȥɡŷ˿ˡڽ飬ǻǿԿǵġ
ŶϧֻҪⲻģʲô
ŷ˺;Ŷ˰ϧ
ġǲԸžۣʵǵ̫ˡ£ͷˣ㲻Ҫҹ¿ĶԻϣߵͷ
ļ״б֮Ʋסߣߣ
ĺ˶ͷ
ûпκˣ·תֻȲıӰ

 19 


ô֣պЩķһжôϧظֶǼСݡ
ֻǻЩԡϲɵġ΢ЦοԵŮӣ˹Щ˸Уձˡ
պЩġ㡭
ģڴ֪ӡ˵ĵҲߵģ
áպͷȻһģ
Цšȥ
úȰպ΢Цͷȥɡ
ȭҾ̤鷿
պҵĿת档
չ
ľʱղŴȸ180ĸı䣬Դһпġ˵š
ү԰ꡣִȡգıһչΪ̡Ļ䡰
ôˣŸ֤ٳθڰ
ŷ˸
պɫתŷˡģ
ɲүˣŷ˽ü

У

ȻĸΣԶ붼ɢ
ڴϵˣָסüĿгֵﱻϷʵıңһӣ滨ľĴϣʹĲ֣ǽ˲룡
ܣ
ֿܽɵõȨƹãôѾӵеĸȫʧ
Ϊ˵õҪģҪۡ
ۺܴ󣬵ΪҪģһжֵõģ
Բκ˻롣
ԣ
κ˶У
ǡ

ҹߡ
Ƶӣ紵Ӱòҡ
ҵĹӰУһӰ˴⡣
˵һ

һߣҹڵ
ѣߵԶ
ȺƮƮȡ
һϽСߡãҾͳ㣻ÿģ
ȫ̵С̧ͷ֧壻Ŀ
һ㶼ûжҡߵɣȺʱǰһɫľʱɢΪԲΣ׷׳˷ĳҧȥʱѸٺˣһĳһ߶
ɫĳѥȺıԵīһչ
һɨ᣻ߵѣȹȺƮ
£Ľǵһ֣ūĺݶŲѺȺΪ飻ȴ뽫ЩѪ˿־ദãȺ߱趯һ֡
ǰλǧַͽ㽿Ůˣǰ˽ģ⣬ſֻΣյԣպ촽ΣǴδйᵹЩĵߵȫ
ȹչ续ҹ˿ԱĶ֮
ɵ˫ӰתĿţ©һ԰ɽȴδ֮衭
ߵת׷Ʈ
ãͣ˲ӣת£
¡īȻҡţⱻ䡣
̽ɨһۣתȥȷɰɴˣֻо綾߶ʪһЦСҲ䲻
ŶѵߵļѾˣû뵽
Ų̾ҪҲ㡣 ߵѣȺ߻ع顣
ū֣ǡ
תŶȻҲӰɽΪҴδ
ΪҪţָ䣬ѣһȴŵİֹа
䵭ƽǰȴ޷ֵԶǧ⡣
ī𣬰ѥ
ҿɲȣҲݳɻءİѥ룬ָ߰סүˣǵĴůǲİ߲ˣ͹үѧŽŮӵĸ
ǾŶĴ齺ůīתѩ
ȱҪԼյʱϵȼ
ŷֻܰ룬ĴڶϣǵЦ۽ǡߣҪܰƣȴӦѾŤͷֻӰ
ۣ˯ȥˡ
ǰչ
㣬˲
˺õɫһͬȱˮơаȵЦһ֡
ˮƣɵˡүˣǰɽˮûеģҾŴСȵĶơˮҲҽȣߣ
´ܰǰ΢ӹ
һѩİ΢΢ǹˣĿĶѹûлͷȥİɫӰ
ǵЦЩӲǿģ
׷ӰȥЦЦĻһþòתơ

 20 

常
ϣ׼ͣһȴûȥݵš
ͻҲѾߵ
ȴȾֵĽ

ϧޣʮ࣬žۣηѩķѰ٣Ӳ٣㶨˼䣬ط꣬ϲ֣֪ټ޽У񣻺޲նɱףԱ޶֮Ѫ֮뿵֣ƴĵ༸֣޵з޶ؾۣǵӣ֪˼֣Բʵ죻ϧίʮؽˮἰ̾ѹизĶ˼䣡ػξֻÿ¿һˣ֮ȥѣĪĪ֮飬Ըǣ֮ٸο
ȿѾˣⲻ޷ܡģô컹úõģ
𾪲ѡ
ֻл൱侲æȥ鿴ģǵˣǶذС㹻һûκ˿ڣף
磬쿴ͷ
Ҳ˱ʹУлæȥ
ƿ䣬¶һֱۣԵĳŶҧĺںۣҷǳֵȴж֢״ֻбҧǴ΢ƺ֡
ŷˡǣ˵Ȼ뵽ǰɽλĴˣοպҵĸ󽫡
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 23 

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ҲǿԲֻжźӰǰƶѡ
Ȼ䣬һƿ׳ɽӵĹɿ˵İȹ
ʦԡ󾪣֪ʲô
ͻصİȹȻҲƿһɫ
ơ
˺ҧ
ײ
Ǳ˽ڳõ˶ײɶȥ
һʱޱȡ
ɢһڻг
߹ȴǾǾɫ
Ŷ΢ЦƮƮ
߹̸ϵߡ
ʦҲŶѡ˺߹
߹ŮǺͻһ䣬ôøѾͷ϶㵱ϱ˰ɣߣǲǹ
߹ҲŶߣŷҲվҼҹӿпǻҩʦİŮСŮŷһЩССݡ
õĲǰɽĹ򡣡߹֪ʦţ
걱Ƿ壬ĽݵĴǰˣ
Ա֮ʩ߹ѿڡĽݼҵˣɲ˵Ľݸˣдˣ
ǰȻ˵ŶղʹŶЦ½Ҳû˼ǵŹˣŶɷĽݼˣգǰˣ˵꣬ѧŽŮӣ
߹ؼ죬һ㲻˵ģвʡ
ǿɴãüĿʣ̬ȴһ㼧ˡ
߹Ļأ˹ˣߡתСѾͷҪȰƣ޷һġ
Զֹ
߰硣
뿪Ҳ׷ǰŶ
Ҳǳˣϸĵķ־Ŷȴһ
һʺ
Ŷīȵᣬ˫ַסȻĽ
˫㣬οභ߹ءʺϡ汻ֻ֪˰ɣˣΪ˻޶ԣȥ
Ŷ󾪡ôˣ
ڡ

 27 

үŷӾܷġ̫ҽŶﱾᣬĹҲȫȻƫѪΪձϢҹᣬһʱԳѪӿڹ񣬵Ϣ޴ˡ
պҵͷǾͺá
үþŶú˯һ̫ҽѾʱûϢˣ
պһͷ˯İȡţǶȥɡȶ
ʦ¡ǰ
īȺִǰĿʤѩϣƬ̺ת롣
Ŀȥ
ֵˣóһɢǳɫ飬ǰɽľȻ˯ܻǲ˼һأŶ㲻֪㲻֮ʱʲô
㸶Լģ
ԼһУҪģֻˡʹʹˣҲ޷޷ˡûѡûԥ˲ɣ
СҸ׾ףףҲңֻԼֻ书ԴСûҵģҲû޷ˣû˵ʲô˲ɣ
ŷ˳ôҲ㼧ˣߣ˵ʵҴûһŮˣҲûһİҡҵ֪ǸʲôҲŰ顣
ֻԼҪԼԼ壬ǶЩŮˣҲģΪͨͨ䣡

һ˾Ŷֱϡ
ķ˲ɣѵǾû𣿡ˡͷοǵķ˲ɣ
ϧڴϣӡʪ䡭
ԲȻɢĽɫâ

ķڡ
ΧھŶߣպŵҲҪ½ϣ
кβɣϵȵƬ
ΪΣ
̽ȴҲ֪Լ޷̽ŶǿزΪ֪ĵġ
ʦѩת룬
ļҲ
һתŶȻŵĺŲ裬δһۣԾ뷿䡣
үɷͬ⣿ŶŲ豭
ǵĻüǷϱŶͬȥȻ֮
ǵĻҲҲŲء
ŷƽ˫֣ɼĻ£Ŀϡ
ˣ˵Ȼ࣬ĵط٣ȻҶ°ɽȻҪ湻ŻˣŶתŲ롰ǵ޹ء˵ǰ棬Ҳתڴߡ
·ŷλϣӹ˶ϵĲ衰ҪεĴ۲㡭
ϴε㻹Ƿһţպҵ鱦ɲӦġ
ŷ˶Ų裬һۡ˵
û뵽ǹš
ȿڲ衰ҿ޷ˡ
šΣ˵ҪƲר潭ϣܴӦ
ĿעƼٻЦݣһʡǾŶ֮ԸŷԵӦ
ðרνϣպҪҵĶ֣ŶĿģЦĽа𲻴Ӧ
ãνϾǡŷ˺ܺʲôƾͼơ
Ǽ٣׷ɡĵùߵ۽ۣҪŶСĹүΪղˣ
Ƕ
ŷĲһ£ʹʣЦųꡰôأǻء
ô᣿ġһףǣߣˣҩʦܰѱŮ޸𣿡˿ûģǲûӡǣЩ鱦͵ŶǵˡӰһѾ߳
ȥĶ׷ѾԶ
ȥҹϣǾΪҹ鷢ûͷûԣȻҪǡ
̾ȴɫ¡

 28 

ĵλǰһ¯
ȴТ
ͻؿ
߹һߣżȡ
ǶˣŶȡ
ȴͷ
ߵĲġŶ̾šΪޣǣҡ
Ϊǡ˵Ļ
ΪĺáŶ촽ֻ˵ڣΪҵҲߵĲġ
һĬ
պҶɱˣԹ졣Ŷ̧㵱ȻպңͬˣѾѧ˾ѧ֮һĽʮƣֻҪڼϰһԱѩޣ
ţһ㶣Ҫ˵ʲô
ȻβعĮ
ҪȥҪôܣ̲ԣǶˡ
ŶƹлԼֺαأǶа֮Ů׳Ҳýǰ󵽵ĵɣᵶᰮ㱾ɫ
Լַ㡣Զԡڴ˶ǺͬҺãסΪѶ˿ڵĹ
ֲƿأȴŶᣬҲĲ̡
磬áסΪιŮӣݲ˵ʲôľŶ
ڴŮɫ֪ҪѹŶûеԵƽ͡ҲǼãΪǣҲųԣ㡣
֪Ե顰ŶҲǲ뱨𣻵򴽡ŷΪУҪԴ
һƭ㲻õġվͻǰϡ͸¶߻ȱˣЩɡ
ôôģزš
ŶһһԵĺߡҪõһеˣһʲôûСݵšٻǿգ˵ǲǰ
˵ף͸˲ࡣ߹˼ȣ조Ǹ¹ӾͲ㿴͸
½Ҳһ͸ˡѾĵߣЦš֪ΪȻΪ֪֮
˵ֲҡȱɵͷŶôˣ
ĳպң½ĳǺأ š
ȴֻƵ϶̡
ǸôȻ½У˲ɣȻΪȴҲһΣյĲ·½㣬ҲҪǷǣǰ·ǡЦЦĻȳ̺Ĵꡣ
˵߹˶Ǹ˼
ԶģʵﶼףΪΡ
ȴ·ʲôаģ̧ͷ

ݻŸ𣿡ŶٿתʹǰҲΪ˴ˡ
ҡͷ׵񶼻ûл
ôŶüˣһʱ֪ͨҡ
ţͷ
ݵ֣زɵü
֪ҡ
һ䣬ѾԶ
Ŷ治֪ʲôءŷͷ
ҲͬѰԱ֮ʩ˵Ѿˡʲôˣ
ͻȻ𣬹ţȻٺٵЦȴʲô˵
뿪ľŶǹжһš

 29 

ź
ŷδ¹
Ϊ¡İ㡣
ģһ̻ûС
֪㲻ġ
ֻҹ¹һθ֮ԣȷŷ˷ǳж
Ժ
㲻Ҫȥжһˣ
Ϊ˶ġ

¹Ҳŷ˵һҸ棬
˲

ȴ·
һҲ͸
ء
ţɵðѹƺ̸һδ˹ǰİˣǰۡ
̲ζˣ£ƿ
ءȣȤǲָ֣ϵʾ˵Ȼ飬ֺˣ
Ϊ˲ɣתͷᶨ

ֻǿϿңϲΪļǰƶˡֶεþĻ裬Ǳģɵģϧ
ŶʲôûУҲᱻһ¡
ܶҶܿơûôı¡Ӧܱȫ
ллסʵŶģ˽⡢֪ĴȴǻӦҪ
ΪҺð˵ů͸´ϧĶ
ŶǺã˶һֺãȻٱȥ
лл
֪һ䱣֤ǾŶ
Ŷöīգѥ̤롣
̧ȻȽڷ𣻰īɫɴһɫ洹һ鲻ļƷīɫ
æſŶ
Żͷϸһ㱻ŵĲã˫ü𣬲ϸϸĿ⡮ɱ
ЩЦŮӱһʲôˣѲӲȤΪ뵽˲üͷ𣬿
лҡҲůңΣƺϲΣܱϲһһһķã
εȣҲû˵ʲôô𻰡
ŶЦһĿⴹ£ȴ
һָš͸˵ġɶôˣԼײŴɽڳģѧϰһ󣬵ƶɵģġš֣š桯֡
ҲϲһȻȫȻīڣȴů󣻵񹦾£ǲɶõƷ
ԭǾŶɵĸֲ֡Ҫ˼Σϸ
ôУŭӡ
Ц
͵ģɶС͵컹ҡ־ȥᡣ
ȻŶϲ
ˣ׷
˫˫һ
ŶҲʱ̤
ȴŶѹŷˣһֻڳﻹңҡ
ɵó
Ŷˡŷֲֻ֪
Ŷֻǿī뵽ڴ˿̽תѹϡ
ȴϲδɫŷˡ
˫ŵ;档
滹ңȻСҧ㡣Ŷͷ
Ķѵҵġŷ˷ʡҪܹġ
īǾûи㡣ƺ˼ۡе񡣡
ûһȡ桯áܰڱǼ䡣
Ŷϲ͸ˡæȥ棬ʲôӡ
ŶɶҪ߷ˡ
ŷ˲ֱǣǣŶȥߡ
֮ĿһСأǲ
Сү£Ŷʣӣ֪ز˺ɫ
£ءŶĿʲô鶼û顣
ŷŶδãԵúϢСүǾͲҪˡ
˾ŶɫãҲתȥˡ
Ŷ̧ɶȻ͵͸˵͵Ļ
ʧЦʦҲû˵ҪķвġΪǡ
漴ȴһͷǡʦȻ˳Ŷźڹȥĸǰʧ񰡣ֻСŶ⣡
ʱƴӣ
Ȼţ
ǸԸְԵĹүʱ˴˹Ŷһ˿
ȣĵľŶǲǸ
ľŶٶֱסˣˣŶĪĪ
㡭Ŷ
ǡ

 30 

ͬʱ߳˾Ŷӡ
ִȡ¹ƺҪǰĹǻһתţҴ塣
Сй𣿡ǰı顣
¹Ц
һͬ㻻ΣѾŶңҰȸ㣡
ŷ˵ЦˣһҡСү¸ǡ
ΪҿЦŶңϲͲҪֹ׷󡣡
СүҸˡŷ˱Ŷо仰СүǡɽŮӿɲô۸ġǣ
˵ģҰȸ㡭
õ˵ɡ𲽡
ŷˣóȻԵľŶ׮㲻Ļ
СүŲ֪ɣþŶ常ǰŷŷŮɽׯŷҵĴС㣡
⻹ɽׯļԣŴǶ֪ĴڣҲҲƺرܿĵطȻһֱ֪λƵˡ
ԾȻŷԴ׵ҴģΪΣ
кβͬǸԼ֪ۣ
ΪΣ
ΪΣһеȻûмʡ
õģ
ԳСŮú޲ŶԵģ
ΪΣ
ֻǾŶ𣿣
ˣ룡ĹˣƫŶĵ
еļ޾Ȼһ㶼ûڡ
Լ޷⣡
Ȼ

ӡ
¹Ҫߡ֪Ȱ˵
¹￴ĵĹǻң£ͷ
Ҳһѹ½㡣
ǷģԻţҴ壻⽭Ѿˡҡ
һԵĺ߹ȴͻȻſڵˡСӣ㻹ҳ֣
һһ
ǰҪȻǲ̣Ȼ
λȥ£صĿһͷ
زм߿
Ҳ뿴߳ӣȻݺкãܸˣ
һȭϡ
ڿ̧ͷȻԼǶ԰׵
һֻ¡
ô񡣡Ҳ׷˷쳣磬𣿡
£æǰҡ
ǰȴǰ׵ʶ˵ٶȴͷգʧɫ񣡾磬ô۸ˣ
ЦЦдźϸϸ
ؼɫϲЩãʯӡôˣŶ˻ݣ
ͷ
ʲôüŶɶ
ĲֹǻݣҲˡ˵Ҫǰ̸ҪЩ߾ŶȥҲǺܾò˰ɣμֿ԰ѾԻˣ̫ˣ
磡ߵļ죬ԼдΪá
δ֪ͨŶΪŷѾ˽ϡ
磬ڡ
ʲôɹţպ鷿ߣˣ˴ʹߣĸɾЩ
ǡǵͷת뿪
ŷЦүǷ׵˿̴ŭľǷأ
ҵǶʮľ涼þ£պš½ϰɣ
ǵģү

 31 

ӽһҴ󴬣ֱζȥ
̫п˵֮磬ḻ˽ܵġ
ŷһֻ١һվѡ̫ҲΪŲʤżȻӦ棻ȻҪѡõطݹ
ģġָ飬ֻȡ⡰ʲôɨڱߵ棬 ࣡
Сүֻ˳·Ц
ͷ裬ȥ˯ˡϲжȥ
Цϣʲôµ˾ȻδȱҲдȱ׽ƵģδȻδ
뵽ҪЦźã
ȹһ㻹Цô¾Ͳܶδ֮𣿡֣ɶ
ͷ衣
ŶԻЩʣԸɷҷϼװ͸͸ȥ֡
ͷ޳µָ
īÿ˯̫ˣСү˵ûȥ͸͸Щ
ִŷ˵ұϣɫΣԾͬȥա
ư¶˱ӰɵճȭͷΣȻĴ֮һĺ߹лѧ˾ѧ֮һԼƺޱȣȴ书ԣôĸأЩνֶĻɫֻоŶΨһˡƢ˲̣СŮΪŷ࿴Ȼ֮ͬҪѧϰɽ书ֻŽݾˣ
ףϰϰ⽭ϳʪĿȻƵϢ泩ܶࡣ
ѪҲд˫׵Ǹһ뺺ѪԲŲİɡ
ɽɫеķ⣻롣
˲٣ٻҺ顣һۡҵ£ܲȻߣ
īչ΢Цߣ֪İ㡰㿴ϣҲУ
һ
ŴԣɵĻЦ̸ӿʡŶΪһ
ƽ벻٩֮֪еЦ֮⡣
һҶ΢조Һ¡
⽭ˮϾǷɳ࣬Ƕһɫİ£īһչɨȥߵķ
Ŷһ𣿡ƽ˳Ҫ⿪һʱ
ʱǰҲŤˡ
һ˵ŶҲЦպҪʲôԿڴ壬紵ķ˿
һûʲôġ
飡Ŷʶѿڶ
ЦչŶҲ֪ƺ֪µĶ
ôҰġЦҲȷηŵǶҲã֪ںδ
ŶҪȡ𣿡ʣϰϰ飬ûбȴ˿̸õʱˣȻãЦ
չǰɫ̧ۣаŷеģŶȡ
Ҫûģô죿ʽϡ
һЦŨ̽
ӨĿӯ̣
߳գװ϶˶ǰ
һ۵ǰվԣҼҹʦ;ŶЦ̸Сүαȥš
Ͳѹ΢ࡣ
ǵõҸᱻ֪ҪҪȲ
Ŷֵøõġԡ
֡Ǿ͸Сүˣ˵գȹչת
տ䵭̬ȣһǶˣŷˣ
ϡ
Ŀǰɵ˽ӣˣүҲЩЪ
Ŷɫ磻֮ͨβٶһЦƽҹ䲻ʮ壬ҲʧΪ֮ҹ
ɽ£⽭ϵʵ벻ۡ£ڰɽˡ
īһչת˸һЩ˵
һ֦ȼŻ
ô
δǷӦӶĻ
ֻԭ֮⣬Ѿ½Сͣĺ˶ͣĳ
īȻӵȹչ
ǴҵңԵˡ
Сүŷīȵǰ֦棬ӡ
̫࣬󴬶ˡ
տһ鶫ӸŷˡȥʦǶȫˡ
ŷ˽ӹסŶߡͷߡ
ǡŶ
֪·ŷ̤һСͧϣס֡ǰȫԵǡ
ðɣ
Ŷ
˷뿪

 32 

ǹ
Ŷ䶨ɶҴδǱ֪Ǻ˾ȻһΪС
ŷһȡ⽭ϵؽڣҪЩ򡣡
ŶŷԼǣգ̧첲㻹Ҫնã
ŷְ
ŷδšŶڲ֪Ķ
ַ꺢ͯءߣξˣ´ˣССҧ㡣
أз·һգȻ΢Цǣ½ǡ
ŶΧȻһƬãȻģǡһ̧߳֡
˲䣬ŷֻΧһȦΧƣ֪ӺδԾһְ׽װˣĲȻҲǰɫģֻ۾ĺڶ
Сˡȫȶ
Ŷվġʲôˣ
̫ׯ˵ͷ
ʲôˣ
ΪζԾŶ˹
Сˣ
ŷ˲ԾŶȥһȹҰ֮ȴԳ˻֮ԣϵ̬Ĳŭ˲׽
֪ɣ¼ȡ
İ˻ش½˷磬аҩʦ֮ͽ˫ȱϡϳʦź̫֮ׯ԰԰һİԾŹС봳
𣿡дһ˿˿ֲ֮
̲СˡǶ¡
Σ
Ѿ½˷Ķ½Ӣ񣬲ʱûΣաǰİ˻ءСˣ費Ҫǣ
˱żŶЦ
ǣ֪ˡ֪ͨȵġ
÷أ
Ѿ塣󷽵İ˴Сʱǰ
˰ɣ˾ְȻƵģīչ
ŷӡͻȻа˹վ࣬һµīȡ
ÿ죡
ŷһ漴ЦݹһģһӣԭһֱھŶߡлˡ滻ͷһ׹һһ޶˵ָкˡ
īӲ֣ȫǾȹȼܶޱȣΪȣΪҲһĺɫƤɵģ׶˺ղԵֵסٷĿղŻǱʮ֦˲٣µīҲǳ֮֡
ǾǺ˵ȣ
СˣպǹׯҪ۶ߵڶ˸֪
֪ˡ̧֡ˡ
ǡͷС˰Ъ䣬ͬʱȫʧˡ
ֻһؿտ
ŷֻǲԼһΡ
ֽӹһֽ֪ղһвΡ
߰ɣЪšŶùֽڹׯĵԵͷ߶ߡ
סֱۣߵۡŶ㾿ʲôˣ
ЦңɽׯС㰡

 33 

̫֮ϡ
ã
ۺϣֻ续һ洬ں䣬̶һˡ
һɽˮīͼ
ŷŶҲһСֻǶˣңԣһƣյ
Ŵǧ貨ȥΪɽˡˮŮŽעȻ׳ƫУ껪ĺԾɹѣϿΣ
ͻԶһĸ
תۣȻǻֻضϣ
һϮɽˮȣԶ
ŷעĿֹ
ææ˴ǷãŶЦǰЩã˵¡
ŷ˻ǵ飻ٱоơǡ
δɨ˼䡢ӢۺδıãȡὭˣࡣùꡣ̽¶
صıĲͬ˺ű׳
ŶǺδʣ
һۡ塶ˮŴǧ貨ȥ Ҳ֪𣿣Ҳ
ŶҴɽཿ裻϶͢оƱŶү˽ܣΪۡ˼𣬲Ϲ
ǺǷ߹֮ʣȴֱ˵ıˡ
ֱߡ
𣬴ƽ˾棻ϵ˶ͷ˺ֱǳԺ֮ڣ
ԶԶİȹŶ֡
ŷڴҲرȭΪСѾվ𣬴вĻŶҪˡ
ŷˣôˣصĺ鲻ⱻĵˡ
Сһ
ƹŷ˵ͷʾ⡣
ҲЦ𡰾Ŷ
زȻͷȥ
Ŷȴ󷽵ͷþò
ԭλʶ̼ǻʾ΢Ц
˭ʶҡͷ
ضæ
̼ŶͲȴ̶̼ʣ˽ܣ޿Ρǡ˽ܡۣԭ䡷飬Ϊۡö˵˰ɣۡ˼ݣ̶̼֣ȴ۽ǽü
üĿ续ʣĿΪҲǲͰֻ֮ʣŶλиж軨׷֮٣ҳݡ󷽣ء
ɱƭˣŷ˿ǰɽ֮ˡؼ߶Ŀ̲ס²ۡ
סضŶľүˣô˵Ҳ˵ǺŮѧľɳˣ
Բûغŷ˶ΪŮκγϧϲ
Űɽ֣ü
Ŷ״ңߣǰˡ
С̳ȻˣҲԵλҼҾ̫ϣһͬһˮΣ
ǰ룬ǹ΢Ц
лǰ롣ŷҲȭ
̫ߡ
̫ۡҲ㲻Сǰɽʵڿ
鷿
غ͹ŷ˺;Ŷվ
ؿϸԽԽϤ
λ߻ȥ£˲ѣϡ½˷磬֪λ
¹½ǰȱǻء
ص򦡣
ŷˡŷִȣͷ
ǰɲ͡Ŷԡ
лׯ롣ŷ΢Ц
½˷Դ˶ǽ䱸ҲУҲУŷ˲Ϊ壬ߵСӡ
½ׯﵹ¡ŷֻ
λﶼ鶯ѧ֮ˣֻ׾öλЦˡ½˷緢ֹһˣŷǷȴüλµŮƺܽʶ
Ƽһǳҵ黭ŶҲˡ
īɽˮЩ̣ƲǼ
δȶԣͼһǱ֮˳˽
ס
ŶҲŷ˵סүΪΣȻ
ԭˮԣˮ󱻷ʱֱ֣֮ʱ˹ѣӵ˴һߺͻءŶˡ
ҵ¡Ŷĸŷˡ
ŷü޿κεЦɨһʫ䱯׳ī԰Ժһ㡣
½˷ҲˡŷӲˣһС
еġҲǰ޳ܣŶŮ֮ʱ١
ǽϺֻӲԺ׷ˡĵ磬Ҳ½˳Ц
˵ʲô塣һŭȡ
ߣƾ˶ӮʲôӮңҪɱҪξ㣻ֻǲң
ֻ䡰ãҽվʹׯ£ѵһ𹷡׺ͼλˡȻ
ηֳءŷˮ
½ӢаŭãǿͣС
̽־½Ӣؿץȥżɽһ־Ծ׹צҪ
ؿ΢˱ܣȭֱԷ⣬ֶָ죬ȡ˫Ŀ
ƺÿ죬ͷҲһ𣬰ç֮УȻд˵æб˰벽󼲷õֱۡ
½ӢŤתֻضֻԣǡб¡֮ơ
˵ã֮´ʹ𴦻ȫȭ
½Ӣٰ¿ľʦĵӣͨϼŵȭǺɽµ֧ҲѧڣʱǿУС⣬вУơ֪տצצԼӣ˫Żֻ϶ɳˣʹŹС˶ժӢ۴˼СŮʵдҲα䣬ֻˣӹү¾
ʵ书ԭ½Ӣ࣬Ǽճˮ֮࣬սһʱָ׹צѾȶ½Ӣƶ
½ӢƣȻֱֱײĸס
ؾŶԽһܡ
½ׯסģڵ£СѪ죬ԭվֱ֮ǰһѪֱι־ŭľ׹צ˭ģ
ǻ˵˭򡣡Ŷֻŷ˵½Цԡ
½˷תۡ
СүûǡӮˣȻҪߡ
Ϸ򲻲ţһ¡½˷Ȼ׷ߡ
òẢ½ӢһֱΪײ书оԼ֮ƺ¶ʲôȻѿڡ
òź£书ֻǰӡ½˷Ц
ĬȻǸ֮Ի
½˷翴ж㣬
㵱ɵȻˣмȻˣСүˡתߡ
˭ֻ֪ȻԾ硣
к󣬾Ȼ̱
ص
ŷ˲⾪̾û뵽ȲܶϹȻôãʮڣ˫ѣҲһǣֲþȻվ
þֵѡ½˷ɫءҪúʦС
ǡ½Ӣþȣԭ׾Ȼӵ书ƽͼͼ黭ȥ
ŷˣӦʲôǱ£ŷ˾Ȼȣ
ŷ˵㣬Ŷ
ŶȻֻһ㶼·ϡ
Ҳ֣⳯ǿȥȻŶȻסŷ˵ֽţʱһŮӵĻˣ
½˷ҲҪȴΪǰȹŮһֱڣжаѱУ

 34 

ÿ˼Цˡ½˷Ц˶ݣЦˡ
ؼƷѨȫԼҴһ·ĸʢղŽʱ򻹿ϵԡ
ׯαΪ˸С˴ءŶЦԡү⸱ɽˮǲЩʧʡһ̬
½˷硢ءŶŷ˾͸֪١塢顢ʫơ磬ֻйֻš
½˷Ц˲ŮҶ˳ࡣغ;ŶǲΪŮж˺ա
ȻŶ԰ɽļûض̾ѡ
Ȼŷ˶ٴιĿĲѧֻ֮ǵκһλ嶼Ҫģܶضǵһš
ǣΪܰʧܹŮӣˣǷЩԲᷢ槼ǣȴжɥ־ȹ槼罫轣ǷܾȾ㸲Ǿ£ǣգв֮ɱβƼã͢ࣻβۣ˿ձУֺãĳ¾ǣ°ôǰ֮֮ң˳ʷȰĪҪظ
չô˵͸ý˳ػӡ
ǽˣҲǺˡŶ΢Ц֮䲻ҲˣƷֺʢݣԿطŻֱۣѺݵݵʫʳ֣

Ļûغ½˷磬˼
˼άϸȴֵĥ
½˷糯ɨһۡƹŶɫȻ磻ЪׯڼաʵѵõĴϻۻкܶǻۡ
лׯŲСŶҡͷ
½˷ͻضź֮ɫ
ҲΪι࣬ǺǿϧȻǲľŮܡ
ŶһİۡСں߹ۻƾ£ҪҪȻһۿɷ񣿡
ԭˣ˵Ǵߣ¶һ˿⡣
Ҷʵʵİչߵģ֪ȻҲںҡŶ
ҲͷǰڴĮߵʱҹ֮ʱ˺Զ֪ߵ׼ȷʱ䣻ǲȥ㡣
ŶԹԹĻͷС̵ס
ͲҪ뿪ңŷˣ벽
ŷ˾Ȼͻͬ˶ǸԾ̾ѡ
̶ӣδϴʱǾȻ뵽һȥˡ
ԵġȴҡͷضŶ벽ô죿
תͷ
ôϲ㡭
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˡ׵֣ŶͷۡУ벻Ҫ˵òã
˵ңҾͲȰ㡣ૡôϲ㣬ûģΪ㻹Ը
ЦĻǳ˵֮ˡ
ûӽ𵶣ûӦʲô˵ģȾ͵ȡŶׯȸˡɶĹȻͷ۵˵¡
յȹǰˡ½˷ͷһΪ
ãŶҾ

 35 

ջǽջ
Ǽ˻תΧ
ˣŷʡ
ǵͷʦԡ
ҪôŶվ
㲻ҲֹȻȻҪڹׯˡ
ڷ˫ɷǺˣȻԲýʲô塣Ŷ˫ֻءҲҪˣϾǣŶааϲϲͽҲۣ۸οҪ֣˶аλӣǲ̫ѻҩʦˣ鷳ɾʹˣת
īתתࡰֻҪԹԽ澭ˣ̫Ϊġ
ߣΪǱһԻ٣ô׽㣿Ŷﰵ
ŶҪЪ˻ǡΪ
תһԵȴܵЦ⡭

ǵطأһͷһ壬಻٣ǡǾſšصĿݹǣǲɢ׻𣬰׹ͷſ
ȽϣҲָ̺֣ǡöСס
Ȼͷ͵ıһ¡
ظĵطͻȻģŵæͷ
ǳ˿ҫĴ˴⣬磬īּչ̬ΪȻİȹɣںīʤѩб巢ޡ
ĺ£˶˷·ڴﳤһ㣬ѹ⵱¡
¹ŷ˲ȡ
ȴ޺øУߵŮӲͬŶ
򦣬ɨĴһۣߵôһչָѾ˿Сϧˣ
ţŷž澭÷紦ܵ⽫常ǧټƶ޷ȡõ澭˫ʱ᲻Ŀܲзݻϲļ䣿ɲԡԺӣžŶʡʲôϧ
ֻǵòȫŶָء
ΪΣ⡣
ôݵ书ǲľŶͱǡֻȫУûȽĸĹҲϲ书ˣȻôãõ˵
ôһ˵ŷЩԣȻȫƭңҲȷڷ˫ɷȻҲûǹ򳬹Ĵһ˵Ŷû˵Ȼˣ뱾ҲǺõģ
ȼǵԲţ뿴ʦǷ
һȴˡ
ͷһŵû⣬ֻŷżǧߣͷȴסҡΣ¹ֲĺನһƬຣɷǾˡ
Ⱥվӣֳֳˣƺǰġ
ɫɷףعͷ
¹ɲҪ߶ŷ΢Ц
ߵľŶһƽСߣű̾ŸɫΪľ綾֮ߡ
ŷ̧ͷ¡
ˣ
Ȼ˴ͬʬħŶһ㣬׻Ȼ·һ֮ơ
ԶһХ˲ʱ֮䣬ХѵٽǰӰζһͷŮ˴ɽ¼ת˳ʬ÷絽ˡ
Լô˴ؾۣδĲ
һɽ£ʱŲѲˡ
źŷ˲ⰵ
˫äٲûˡŶӿڡ
̸÷ŭָץѾ·ϡ
÷磬㲻ˣŶ
žŶͷһ𣺺Ϥƺһʱ벻
ͣڸߴʲôˣ
Ҫ澭ˡŷ˼ɫ࣬ƺͬһ߻ʬ壬༫Ϊˡ
Ŀǣ÷ЦĦ̶Ҫûбˣ
˵䣬ָѾŷ˱Ǽ⡣
΢΢һЦûвá
˻
÷Ǽãæá
˭֪һɵʮΪŶľ綾ߡ
ūǸߵ쳹Ⱥ߷ӿֹƬĦ
÷أ˻ԭҲ˻
÷磬ҲҪа뱾澭ү·ܰȥŷ
شһĳޡ
Ŷ״ߵæôĶ˻ߡ
ŷǺοأֻһġ˾ͻҪҶҵĺ
ƨ˭һҡȻŶˣŷǧȴ÷ȻԽ
ҸҸ棡ŷ˿භȺߣվھŶࡰһʱȴʱĿභ
÷֪Բ飬ΪȻԣƺδԵļˡ
ǰ뱾Ҳ˶ʮˣҲˡŷ˼˵罻ƣҼҾŶǻһ¥
Ŷ֣÷·͵һ㣬ŶӣʮˣȻֳˣ
㻹ǵҰŶƺҲİ
ɱɷ򣬴˳𲻱÷Ϊˡ÷λŷˣҪ澭ϾУʮǰϽ߹ɱɷ򣬶߾ģ
ŷ̿Ŷ
ǱǾ澭Ŷ͡㻹֪澭ͱ绻ˣ
˵÷ָ
Ǹ㿴飬һģŶЦ
÷粻ͣ±ӣ˼ӣÿζǿȷûиġ
Ҳ֪ô˵Ǳ飬һɽ޼Ȼ㻥ƭҽλʦ֤ûûذɽȻ֪ŷôأ
ųƭ÷ϲҲᱻƭӣĺã
Ŷס㲻ҪҶԣ澭䲻ȫһвϣ
ԣ÷粻Ҵ⡰ǲܸ㣬ŶѾͷһУ
͵Ļš
Ŷȣ󵹡
˲޼Ǽⲻɨ
Ŷݵ
ֱһչһá
90ȵţ֧ã·һϣʵһ֧š
һ
֮ʱȺ߷·ǵ˸¶Ļ˷쳣ЩȻƾնԾ
˿϶䡣
¹ҲҪݹȥ
ĽŶһҪ
˵ʲôûˡҡͷæ϶ھڴ˶ֹˣ
ŭľŶ˿ֹ
ԽõԽҪõ֣µõһͶֻΪһƴ
Ⱥߵ˷ȴһ㣻ĳ÷ҧȥ
һʱ䣬÷ʬնͷ־ȻԾҧˡ
ŷ˶ǴΪ̾
Щ龰ļǶĿɿڴ
ԽԽָڷĻꣻŷ˶ǿ
һ󡮼е͡˫ɡָָ໥
㣬ɽ˿еĶһҪŪ֣κֶΣ˫͵һ˫ʧնҪõϵľģ
ˣЩļȻ
ŷҲ˲̧ͷȴߴһֱ׺ͷԼĿҲȻûз֣ƺʱ
¹ֻиߣģ
ɼڷػζȴƽޱȡ
ŷ˲ɫԼṦ常̵Ҳпɣպʹȼֱһᡣ(нĳ)
ͻȻ֮䣬٣񣬷˼Ʈһ͵Ķ
Ŷ΢̧
СӣڹԶۣ·ڶ߰㡣
ʦҲŶҲϡŷˣˣ
Ŷŷ˼ɫЩ΢
಻ϣŷͷһϲԽ¶΢ЦֻȫѪڣֻ㵸Ҷһ
ͻס
֪鲻ã
˾һɫ
÷Ⱥ߲˷ܣ̻ӱ޳Ŷȥ
ңīһչ۷չ
Ŷȥǣר⡣
ʵҲԵ֮
Ҫ˺ԷĽࣻǸֻࣻҪǣԷԼһܲԶ
ŷ˺÷绥ֶж
Եģ÷Ϊˡ
භ֮䣬Ȼѷָ¡
úȴȪģ˲Ŀһ㡣ǲͬȻҲ
һأеüԣȴḧġ
ȺЩūҿȻҹĻ衣
ŷ˼ʾȻһְɫȻû֮ͣ⡣
Ŷͷϱʤѩļϸһ˿Ρ
ҲȻ֮ϣڴ¡
ǰҪ;Ŷභȥŷ˱ȭҾ
Գ˵¡
СҪô󣡡ȣһڼҹġ
ΪβܣŶǰƾǶ飬ƺ
÷ֻúһ˿֮⡣
ŷŷСȻ÷䡣
ľ澭Ŷ÷˵ۿˡҪΪҧж
÷ֻؿһӿ䷢㣡
ù磬Ҿŷȡ߷һ˿Ĳпᡰҩʦ֮ͽΣߣҪ
䣬ͷƫָĸѾķ˿Ѫ顣
תָۣһչҲ֮
۴Ҳ
Ŷ쳣ģС졣
ŷ˴ϲǰѥһָó
ŶȴҲڴ˿̣ȹƮȻָ÷ĺ
֮󣬾Ȼ÷綼һ
Ͻ߻ع飬ȻһƤʡδأѾŷˡ
֡
ŷ̻⣬Ҳֽת
תһ׷Ų̤֮ͣشѡ
Ŷʼտһ
סƤԭѾĿؿڰ
Ƥ
ŷ˾һƤȻ˵Ƥ
ǰǡͻȻַɳŷˣ·

ŷԣ̧ĿأʩչַŶȹѾ⿪
¡Ƥǰ
Ŷ˹ʬȺ𣻻ּѪɽ
͸ƤּĿ׶ȫڰϡ
÷磬סµƤ
ŷ˷סŶİȹ
߲ŶҲٶ
չţϡŶ֪ѪûиأճһͿˡ
ֻȹһ䣻ڸղŻӽѪ¶һѩ׾һʺѪɫĺǰ䣬Ǻÿ
ߡŶŶˡ
ŷ˿һ龰ס֡лǰˣŷڴл
Ů޶Ǵ˵аƢ
ɽŶŶȭлǰã
лᣬһΣ
ãŶ򦣬Ҳ˭лᣡ
ŷ˫˫ˡ

 36 

ջ
ŷ˱īڷٶ£ڵõ˴˵ֵĿѧ±
ŶڴϣϢš
ΪҪܣֻ̡
βŪϱأȻ̰
һװŶЦ˵ҩʦܲͨģӾȻڼʱڱ澭²÷͵ϱһҲһ
ãŷ˳žģЦ
ϿȢӣлˣŶϡȻǶң
ǵģŶĻһֱŷ˼ǹңѾ֪ɵ׵ˡ
۲ЦϿϢ
ʱ֡
£ֳ²װɲᡣ
ŶҲɵϢ
žŶǼȹ
ŷŶҴδ뵽ῪҪ¡ʱԣͷȻһ˿ѹɫ
ĹʵڲֻµַáŶ
һڣīȾһ㡣
Цҡ
²㻹Ⱦȳ̻ذɽȥǲáɫ
á
Ŷ˵Ǿ뿪ΣǸʲôҪô
ǽСүŷ˼ֽһ㣨ˮðɽеƤһ㣨𣩵ݹסڻС
Ŷ˲衰Ь䡣毺õ϶顣
ŷ˲ɵüſ۽ǶԾķͷ
ȻŶȻģɫۼСүǰ͵ģ书ߣȲ÷磬ʮְɣۼıܺȡ
ŶˣжԶȲŷĲ衰סȣתį¡
ŶбǺãҴ˿޲ȣǣ
ƺʲôǰС¡
ɵЦտ
ЦЦ˵ôЦ𣿡Ŷã־ʹ
ŷЦֱֻȦסޱߡŶҰ벽
˵㰡ŶааſҪҴȻᱡǶ̫ˡСҧ
Сŷ̷֣˫֡ЦЦѣ
СѶŭ
ߡŶࡰ۸ң±Ӱɣ
Ծķ䡣
˵̬ȣ
űīʦŶѵȲغ𣿡
ŷ˲
ѵ𣿡
̫ˣͨ˻Ầµģ
̧㲻ͨ˰֮ͽ
ŷ˹ǡϧԸиӣĶ
߹ֻȲз˲ɣķ˲Ѿʦαǿ˾ŶҲеķ˲أԱ˷˲ɡ
Ķ̺ľ档
ӣ
ŷиɱ
ܣþŶҲã
У

ǻŶڴڽһЩȥׯЩ˽һЩؼȥأǱɽһЩ뿪ſЩģ
ߵǰŶǹ
ҴӦȫˡ
ǳաãȥ

 37 

ׯ
Ŷˡ½˷Ǻܸˡͻƹ̸ʫʡ
ׯŷҾ
ŷӣ½˷Ҳ΢Ц̬ûжԾŶá
ˣõ鸡ŶˣŶϴǶ˵ˣǷ˴󺺵ּǰϺã˵Ҳ
ôڲ˵Ŷ׿ԲܣҺþûѽڲ˵СٿҲŸϲؼ
㲻żǻȥʱͨξʱҲǿԵġ
Ǻʱ
Ŷ׵ûлҲ֪ͷ
Ŷš£ǲģˣһҵĺȥݡ

½˷֮Ϥ쳣ôͰɽľŶϤһڴĮһ
غŷ˶ǳ档
ЦΪŶڴĮ꣬ȻԭԶĮҲرԶסҼңʵ罫ΪŮ㣬Ҳ϶ˣ
ҲŲҪ²εɵֳء²ۡ
ׯ˵Уׯڵ˶Ÿӹ
ݵ½˷ǰ
½˷򿪣ɫ䡰˭ģ
һСؤ˻ͷ
˶֣ʲô½˷ɫˡ
½˷Ϻиǣ΢Ц˿ȥҲλˣλ
ؾ÷ǳ֡
Ŷȴ˼⣬̧ǲ÷磡
½˷˵֣
ߺˡʱ˶ˣˡ
ŷ조ҴӦר潭ϣֽκ飻ȻҪұ
½ֻΪŶ棿
÷֡Ŷ㻹ȥʱǳ񶷻£ǶҲ÷ĳˡ
βңŶֱ׳ûɱ
̾ǲǻô
Һ޲ҪŶ֡ҪäĻţܾ˼伲࣡Ϊʦһұ𣡡
˵Ҳı
㣬ҵõ澭ˡŶʵ桰ҾҪһеʹȥʹܼȥ澭ΨһӵеģҲŶá
𾪡ˡ
ŷҲ̧ղ㻹±֪ڵԼ˵
ûŶͷһ͵Ķ
㲻ܰŷģؾԡŶ
ҾҪŷ棡Ŷߡ÷˵ϳʦţܹһˣаͣ԰÷ҲһʹɣΪ͵ˣ⺦Լصʦҵˣ͸ԸԼԵĶʦ÷磬ҪҲĿ
ΪΣΪ·Ҫʳ⣬ǲܻͷޱߵԹޡ
鴤ԭǼ黹ͷϣ
һΪҪԭŶҧгݡⶼֻҩʦƭܲͨȣܾĲٺ󡣡
ҵʲô顣ԣŭӡ

½˷ԣⰵ
Ѿ澭书кڷ˫ɷΪ׹צΣĮŶͺʦʦһͲװ׶
Ҫʲôȴס
ۿҲˡ
磬֪Ϊôޣ֪
Ŷۿ
ŷ˼״ֽۣߡ
԰ա
ǰľʦѹŶǹŮ֪ɡ
صͷ
Ա˶ͶԱ˸á˵ľʦʦɹŵһŶĺڲʦģǳϲŶĶԾŶãʱһֱžŶ˾˵ŶǵĴŮʱճɻ鲻ãкӣǶΪܺõģ
ΣЩ뵽ˡ
һ찢ľʦȥ߶ĺڲȻһҹδ飬ǶǳżĴѰң̲סʡ
˵ˣŶס䣬Ը
磬òᡪزµһЩźڷ˫ɷڴĮ٣û
ǵġͷֻҵڲʬ壬ûͷİľʦĹȣӵˣ˫̥ڶΪʦͺӵĹû͹ˣʦĺû뵽ȻҲ̽ˣŶ۰ļһȥԲš
֪˰ɣһҵʦҵļңʱľ˴ĮΪϧˣתһȫٴλΪգǹ¶СڵгľŶжһ˳׸ı䣡벻ġΪСŮΣ÷ʹһҾһĶŮأûǣһĸˣ
ˣΪǺȥ
Ҳ̵ĵ⣬뷽跨
ᣬŶЦأİɣҲһκһ˺ˣǻݽĽ㣡
ؿ
ͷľʦ󣬴󺹾ͽݻٵľŶӻشʣǻһ㽫Ŷֻ״̬˻Իݵӳ̶ȡ
ɶ÷磡½˷紷֡Ҫ˲ſϰݡ
ػͷׯ
ԭʦð½˷翴
ʦãһ
ŷ˵ͷׯӦͽ֮һ
½˷ͷ÷͵ʦ澭ʦŭϽŽϳʦš˵÷Ҳҧгݡ
˵ô˵
Ҫи˽ˡ½˷ܹܾŶܵʹȥȴΪͬίʦ˽⣻Ϊ޿κ֮ʹһġⲻһ˵ĳޣԵ޹ȣϳʦţ˭˵ߣ
ξͲҪŹŷ˹Ц۾ȴһŨɱ⡰½ׯ¡ΪֻΪ˾Ŷǵᡣ
ԭ£
ҲҪ£½˷ͷ˹ׯˣĶ̫ˡȥ޷ľʦһң޷ؾŶʧȥڲͬñ֣
ɫҾ͸ˣڣ˵Ķ

 38 

߹÷ҪׯѰҲǰ
ʦϵȡ
ʦŶҲסʦĺСӨСʦ
ŶǶ˾ȻҲڴˡϼͬʱЩԾ
ͷ㻹Ǻ;Ŷһ𣬲ҪСŮһǣ㲻ϲȣŶҲǺõģ
ʦüʦäȻ֪ʵ
ŷˣСӨǰŹӣüһͬתͻƹˣ
˭ˣ̴⣻ʲôͬõĸо
硣ǰס
Ŷͷͬһġ
ԣ߹ȫ°¡
ŶҪסߵľŶ
ǰǰȫͷ㲻ϲ׺̨ǲأҲϲ㣬ҪȻ˹Ǹӣãʲôţ
ºСӨҲؾŶŶľӿ治ɳˣɱͿ
ֻ֣ӦҪΣֲҪ޸ʦǶ˰ɡŶǣΪˡϲأңȫĺܣ
أ
ֺͻǣϹϵˣ
߹ֿ
ʵŶãŷҲãһаһ˵
ǵ˵ͷҪľ档
ŲҪشŭס׼ǰ磬ߡ
ҹص˽ħȡ
Ϊѡ
ŶҲߡСӨץסľšͲ÷ذɽ˵ҪҪǿҷĲŷйϵǲΪѴӦģ㶼
ûϵʲôûŶŬ͡Сʦģʲôû
ȻܶԺСӨΣĳȥ㻹ҽ
ŷ΢ЦִȡλǰŶĹϵԲסŶʵڲʦǰǣŶʵѾ˿ȹĵزˣ
㣡Ŷһָ
غ͹㶵
߹ֶаб
ֶΣֵǣ˽ħȣ
ԱԸ꣬緢̽
ϣ仰٣ÿοڣܵסģ߹šǧУ
ȫŴȻŷˡ
СӨҲʣҶս
˵ŶһšʦǼˣԲ˶ߣ
Ŷڣʲôأ㣬Цü
Ŷô£ֻϻûбŭûǡ
Ŷ̸ǰ
źɫԺһЩŶ
ûйϵġŶٴγ塰㷴ͽҺкιϵƵģСʦԺҪ׺òãѵֻʣ⼸ˣ
ϽĻתˣȻǽͷӶġ
߹һԭˣ
ŷΪҪô˵Ƕŭأ
СӨĿƹȥڽȣƺʲôطЩͬˣ
ŷȻЦЦһЦ̡
ɾŶָѵ
ĿͺСӨ㡣

 39 

룬﹫
ŷˣ㵹áŭ⡰ұĥڴˡ
Сү¹ȣҲֵõġĽġ
˵ʲôԣŭʲôоŶߣÿζΪģҳ˽ϱ߹Ǵθˣ㵲ˣ
ġСүôģ
˶֪Ŷߣʲô鶼У˶ô˵ߣֻߣ
ֻ˱˵飬˳ŵ顣֪֮Լ
̧飿黻ߣԸеΣŷˣ֪ЩˣҰ͸㣬ֻҪþŶ
ŷ̧ڱȡµ
˭÷ͽܣ
ʲôŭЦ𣡣
Ц
ֻǷأû뵽ȻŶ


ѹȣҪ˵Ŷˣ
Ŷֻ㣬ʦ㡣ת˶ѣ
ŷˣһ͸šһþŶģʱв֣ȫң
𣿡Ϊ֪ͣĿ͸һ˿ʡ
ۣˣԭ֪
ΪλҪ棡ߣ
ͷ
ŷ̤ϽݣǳЦīһתȥ
ţͼȹڲԶԡ
Ŷ
˹Ƿҹģģˣ
ȻŶԵЪ
ׯдһһϱһɡǰˣ
ȹʮɴʵӣѩΪԴ濴ǰȹΪᱡƮݣԽ󵽺ȹխ令ۣԲ¶һ˿һ֦ΨһװΣ˿ѥв趯
ǰȴΪֻбӰԣ
Ŷͣ
ţҲͣĿ
ֻһȻҲԼ
ŷ˰ѥһ̤
˲һһƶʹΪ˲򵹶˲
ʲôŶΪ֮ΪüôˣΪ鷳ǵģ
ȻƵĴǿȹǧһз
ˣӲκŮ˲
䣡
䲻ɣ
ǰĶĸŮܿ
ʱһһӦѾ
ץסһ
ʲôҹĺ氡
ŷ˼ģ˫ȫģ뿴ķӦŶǲûʲôѵģ
竵ƦģŶ̧־ʹҪ棬ðȥ氡ǻػ᲻㣡
סӣѵõɫж˶˵㻤һ
ŶȴЦǵȻȢˣԶˣٻ㣿ŷˣԶ˰Լϲ˾͸㱣˼ˣĻҺ£
ұˣظһΡ
ͻջ֡
ǰѵجһŶЦıѲɻҪһ԰ҪҸԼϲҲϲ˹һŮ̫ҲǺ£֪һӣ
̧Цƺ˵Ļһӣ
ǰŶͷΪҵģڵ۾ô˵ģһӣҲܸ࣬ҪһУ֪һУ
۾ջĿ⡣
ˣˡŶЦ벻ǵģҲκ˵ģ㱣ܣ㱣ܷѣŴ㰡
Ļš
ŮҲ˵һŶת治֪Ǹ˶˭
ôأġʢöŮӱ֮ʲôˡ
йôŮˣȴֻôһô˵ģŶ̧ͷ조˵ģܺãôŮˣΪҸŮˣҶģ
ģ
ŵ飬Ȼ˵ĵ
ڻʱӦûûг֣߳ˣûз֡ŶһۣɱˣΪ㻹û׼ã

ǴΣ顣
ʲôģŶ΢ЦôѧԣǺŮӶԼ
ûԣŶҪӦһǼš
ţ
Ŷͷأ
һһŷ˵أ
Ŷһ¡ֳҲ㲻ðҶˣ
̧ƣ
ԺɩɲŶŶЦͷ
Ҫǡػǰ
£˵Ķײס

 40 

ʲôˮƯسЦš
Ŷָ׷שͷúŶҶû뵽שͷܹ
ŷǿĽ˹ɨأ
Ľƭôôࣿ
ҲѣȥŻǡŶĻˡ
ŷīһƤ
Ŷͷ
Ǹƭӡ
ϣԸоˡڰԲĶˣ¥Ӯˣ
Ŷ¥֮ս߹ֵ书ءҡͷǰΣŶ
ȥ书Ŷ顣
̫ˡСӨҲҡͷŶԵģ
Ҳ֪Ҫֵط书׵ģЩıǲƽϡ
УǸеģŶ조ɲ䣡
Ŷͷ
߹ֶˡ
ΪεĶԼǾŶأ㰡һ㶼ˡʵǵġ
ҲҪ޸ףŲҪءǹ֮󣬰յʱ˵Ҫ޸Ϊ޵ġ
СӨ˵ͷȷˣ䲻ϾŶ
˭ϣȫ˵СӨһδޣԺϧ;Ŷͽܵġ
СӨһ۹ֻϧŶ㣡Ȼ˾һԣСһ𳤴󣬻ƢԸָƣбʵˡ
ҪŶҡͷСʦһСҡ
ССӨһգ۾ͲСˣһμʱ㻹ǸһС㣬ڶôˡ
ʱ󰡣
ֻҪǼһ𣬻ؾ;Լ׵׵ˡ
ŷӣͬУ
硣
Ŷ
ʲô£ͬ
Ķš
ŷͬ㽲
˵ﶼʦǡˡ
ǹġҪҪ˵
Ŷ̧ʦǣȥȥ
ŷһͬȥ
СӨһֱעǶˣĬ
ôˣáȫ𷢼ĿŶͨŷ׵ģģھŶǶ˽ġ
ǾŶȻľŶʮŷ˶ǾŶĶ֡ŷˣ
ôˣ̴չ۸ҼҾŶһҪÿ
ˣȴ֪СӨ˼ȻǺܶ࣬ˣ
СӨһڣԣĵġ֪ûǱ仵ˣ
Ҳ㣺ѾˣһαװŶ᲻Կ
Ǳߡ
ôˣŶҡѽ˵ӵɸ봫ˣˣˣǴļѽ
û¡׵£ߵģڲ
ŶĿһۣҪ뿪
īһչǰǹ

ΪηʦΪξ뵽Ϊһͬڻסһء
ʲôأŶ˷̬߳ͻĻϣһŮˣ
أ
ˣ
ҾòҪأŶ
Լȷһ׵ģΪ˻أǱĵϾΪҪﾹȻһ˿죿ǰԼ׳ɹ϶߹ŶģݱŶãǹһ㲻ûΪ̸ʲôŮӢģ
ŷסīȡô䲻㣡
ʵͽҺÿưŶͻȻĿڡ
Ŷ÷ˣСӨƶ˵ĵ
ü

 41 

ׯ
÷Ѿվġ
÷硣Ľħһáʮǰ㺦һ˫ӣ˴Į˵Ҫһˡ
ð߹֣ɳ𶼵ˡ÷
÷ʦã㻹ǵ𣿡½˷С
÷һ㶣漴ҲָԴ㣬½˷磬̫֮ΧҺӣ޴ȥֻԶݴĮҪô
Ϊβ˵˲ܣ͵ǰ͵ں󣻺ʦֵܶʦ˽Žϳʦţ½˷Ҳô̫֮Χǣ
÷ԣҲ𶯡ǰĶԹҽտҲܣҪȽԴӱ٣¿ˣֱǰĮ˵ȣűȣ˵ͽܲãܹȹԼ
½˷һӡ
½ӢѺǰ
ʦ÷ǰæҡ
÷ҪβſϷ
ׯԲҪɱֵܵ顣Űǽ߹ֵĺ¡
ð߹֡÷ȻҪɱӵ顣
˵գǾҪභ
ʦȻӡ
Ǿ׹צͽʮơ
գ
УƺռϷ硣
һ
ֻľŶĮȻ촽ȴ΢΢
ѵ֪ζԸ÷书
ۼȻȷ÷ýʮƶ
ŷչīȣ΢Ц
Ȼöֶϡ
ʦѾƿ½Ӣ÷Ѷȥ
лڣ
÷ͷһ
ۼѾüޣһ
ͻǰĹֻջ߰˷֣Ȼһƻء
ܣ󼱡
Ӧء
磬СġؼصѾצ֪
ڴΣͷһһƮ˱С
ŷ˴󾪣ʲôʱǶҩ˲Ѿڵˣ
˾֮󣬹ׯںɻط·ȶӿʮˮһǧ̿Ļڿɶɣ
״æջء
Ҳס
˶Ǵ󾪣
ֻƾմһλʿ̤Ƚƽذڿߡ
÷˺ȴҲо˷ͬһơ֪ǵѣ
˶ӡ
ȻĽ
ŷǸ;Ŷ͡
Ŷһصһ˼ֲ²⡰ŷˣһ£ܷ飬֣ȻҶÿ
һԡ
̤ڵء
̧һչͳ֮
һУĵ
˭֪δƣ˾Ȼ𣬲ҵת180㡣
߹ּ״ãȡ
ͷ֮䣬Ȼ߹ȫˡ
½˷綼ûɵһ㹦
ֵ³ƣر÷顣˵꣬ơ
ǱƵڿзʮȦء
ںΪżüɫ
أ͡
˶š
ԺߵĽʮжӿǴѳ
ԲԸ߹ʦľѧ˹
һ´´һ
̳͹ȥ
ȴֻһָֻͽǼΪ
ǹֱ۵ȥǵָ֮Ҳûɴ˳ֵĿյ
һƶṦŲմصĳŶȥ
ˣȴƺȻѲ˽ǰơ
߹æʹ
ŶСӨе
Ŷֻ΢΢һЦСʦģȻ¡Ҳ
Ȼ߹ߵĻؿ˶ߣǰ˹ǰֱԼ¶¡
˿˸Ǵ󾪡
½˷綼ġһ
ǲĿһ
û뵽Ӧ
ߣȴţ¶˽̬
ʱڴ˿ͣ
Ʒȫ
ֻؽĺһ
Ŵ½˷羪̧÷˼
߹ҲǸԲ졣
򾪵ʧɫ
ŷ˿ŷ˿ƺ³˭ľŶԡ
δŶؿȥӣе˲𰡣вãȻ쳣ߣ
ջƣߣŻ¶һǳǳЦ⡣
ǰס
ŶɨһֻŻϸŮŷˣӰһ
ûñ˱
СӨȴע⵽ˡ
˶ŻϸŮҲע첽׷ȥ

 42 

˲ʲô
Ŷ˫ֽ𣬶Ȼһϵһɶֻ¹ͺͺ辡
С
СӨվǴŶ
ּ̧䣬ȥϲ˿Ķͷ¶һ˿ǳЦСʦ
Ǻ컹ûȥľǿ
СӨǰ§뻳ŶСʦ
һ仰þŶۿʪ󣬵ȻЦšûµģСʦ
ڲ˵û£۾ʲôһֱǿ밢ľһʱһᶼû䣡֪ûᣬȴѪ
СӨסŶ⺢ô˾ǿ˵ģŶʲôĵײ˵עҪ·ɱСʦŰıɲھŶݲǡ
һδޣҲλʦֺ͹ǱϾӣֻŶϧ쳣ֻԼûг书ذɽԸ
Ŷ뺫СӨ
һŲСӨ̧ͷ
īִ֣ŷվһУĿĵü΢Ŀеİȹ
Ŷ죬̧ͷСӨĿ⳯ԼţжҲͷ㲻ȥֺδ˴ʲô
ͽͽۣҲ岻졣ֳҲͣһؼߣҲٻ
ͬСʦлҪ˵һȥ㡣Ŷʼղͷ
ŷ˿һۺСӨ
СӨ߷ֽ䱸̽
ѥת򣬼įıӰȥ
Ľë۾ǵֻӰת

ллʦӢݼʦү
ݼʦү
ˣɣЩˡ𡰴ӽ㱾Ź򡣡
ǵģʦүɵҲǷǳˡ
ʦ÷ࡣ
͵ҾģʦֵܡҩʦӲ°˶ȡڣҪҵʦֵܺǺׯǾû㿴ȴˣûУ˿֪
ǣͽ֪ˡ÷ͷ
ҩʦͷ
ŷ˺;Ŷһͬ֡
ҲͷŶа͡˶˵аΣǰװڴˡ
ҵȻǺݶ϶ˡؼǴǹȥ
ŷ˼Ƶŷ˷ǳҾ
ҩʦһۣ߹ֹϵҲܺõİȹŮŷʲôˣ
Ǽ塣ŷ˻ش
ʵĲ㡣ҩʦֱ˵˵˵оŶȫأ
ŶźСӨΪҪ㣿
Ŷ񣡡ŷǡ
ƵǾŶ񡣡Ҳǰȷ¶Ҫ鷳
书ΪȻǳʲôҡҩʦ̲סޡ
ôðЩʣסҩʦǴӲ׿佱κˡ
ҩʦŻأֳŶȥһϻۣùǧٱ½ʦֶӮɣŮ޶ʮ½˷綼Ķ֣
߹ֻ֪书ܸߣδȻ˸ˣ֮һĻҩʦ˵Ŷȷǳˣڰɽϰĺ书ΪһҪȥɽ
ŷ֪߹ѪΪԳ壬ҩʦ¶һҹȴֻϢһʱѡ
ô첻
õĲŷĹ򣬾ʦкδҩʦֻ֪ڹʵ쳣书·ȴֺҲ˽ŸɹһʦȻҲ֪ʦķ
̸
ĽݣҩʦȻĽݼҵľѧ
ҲĽݼҵˡŶͶ˵ġ
ҩʦ΢΢ͷȻŷĿŮӶȻͨˡԱ֮ʩĹҪȡټҵ书跽ܲܣȻпɼָ֪ɵ书ؤֻľѧᣡͨɽˡ
Ҳ˵ǰԵʡŶ򦡰ЩͿһЩ̫ƽ
÷ıᡰʦ¾Ӧûŷϡ
ҩʦʹѪᾭ֮£ۡ
ŷ۸ŮؽҲڡ
ף
ŷȻ΢Ц䱸֮ġ
ת˲һֻȴס½ǰģ˵ר潭ϵģׯˡߡ
һʾ˵ŷȴһСŮסУ˵
ǰϲǾʹ˸ˡҼλʦұԣֵģͲҪĥĥˣ
÷ŶָޱȵĻƽСȴµ˻
Ŷ÷硰ңͲҪŻҩʦڣˣҲŷɽʱٶҲʦԴС
÷类ļơ
ǰΣŶɨȥһûԽϷǧأʱ
ܷߣؼæ˵
ҩʦȴ
һӣ
лǰŶŷ˾ߡ
̤ׯ
Ŷŷſ¿
лŶٴξ֮ŷҲ֪󵨶Ϊڻҩʦ÷ǰ
ʦŶȺڹׯ˼ڳȫ
ؿջ˵ŷ̧ȣֹӿ
żڿŶ̧ͷ
׵ͺš
ѡһ
һֻ޴ĺֱצɭɭ
˺µźУ򿪡
˿̣Ҳƺ˹ׯ־ð׵
ŷ˼Ŷɫ쳣Ȼȥˣ
Ŷ̧£Ҷʬ쳣
Ҳյ˻ȵϢﲻԶŶСȥˣҺʦԺ͸ȥӦ㡣
硣ظ˳
ͷضҪȥסݣպҼͬɹźãȴξɱǡ
Ŷŭŷˡò£
ͬһȥŷ˼Щպޣ϶ɹӶɱ
߹ڹߡ
ŶȭλʦŶһ
֪ͷ
ȹͷҲصķȥ

 43 

硣ݺú¡
һһ߱Ų书Ļݡ
Ľһˣֻʣʮˡ
ɶպң
ɱҪ޻Σ
ܱҲӣǰ취
϶װĽƽС˰ΧȦ
ݣҪ£Ѿų˰׵ͺȰ⻪ݡŶһµģ
ݵͷǵģŶģй
ɹŵŮӣ˽ܱҲ
žŶһС䵶
ʵ١
ǵĶƾѾ
ң
֮䣬һīѾӺչ
æ
ݿһȹӴŶϲȻˣ
ʤѩ֮϶ɱָ⻮չ֮䣻ЩѾͷѡҶ
ֻͷ­ݺץסˣָƺҪͷǹǡ
ŶŷҲһȹơŶϾǼλ
ɨһλӢĻӺĻŮӣ˶˾ɹ׺͹ݡ
׹צŵİһȻ˹ȥ
ŶˣȻɱ֡
ת˻ݡ㣡ݽ㣡
Ŷݼ䵶ͬһ
ŷִȣһۻǣۣǰ¸ξģȻѾֻܹ˺ѻͷˣ
˼ŷ˵ͣ֡
ŷĻ֡
ЩĶˣ
û°ɡŶæ飬˻ˡ
ҡͷû£û£̫ˣҵˡ
㡣ٵʧȥݵĻþŶһٶȱס㣬û̫ˣȻһᡭϾԭסġ
ʱɹŽĹǾŶˡû£㲻ҪҪ޹أҲ
ŶȰ⣬ŷſģڻǰСá
΢ЦͷղŵѪھŶİȹǰšͷ
ŶҲǳʱ򿴵
Ŷĸ硣ò΢Ц
ŶܱҲʶ̱ȭ
ʲôҾǾŶŶƹףܱͷסҵʦҪǹĺݲء
Цܱʦϲͱˡ
ǽҡŶЦػػߡ㣬Ҳ߹ʦҲ֪Ǳǵġס
֣ȻϲáҲһ𣿡Ƕôᡣ
е㡣Ŷס㣬ܾˣߣȻؿջȥһжѹѹ˵
ֻлһˣ
Ŷһ£ŷǰһ
Ŷбŭôûҽ˾Ű
Żݾߡ
Ŷ˭档
ɽķ
ŷ΢ЦȴεӣĿȴӭӢӴ̽ĵ⡭

 44 

ջ
װ𡣡ӵϢת
׿˵֡𡣡
һײš
Ƕû£̫ˡӡܱʦ
ܱҲһк
ûпݡ
Ŷϴˡ׿ˡǶŶȻ֪ᷢʲô
ͷ
˭СʣǸŵİ۹Ӹ翴;Ŷ
Զǰһֶ֮ۡŷˣã
üãô÷
ԸǷǣ֪׹ľŶֻܸ֪
״󾪡ǾŶܺƵġ
ҲΡҲ֪˵
˵˾ġ
һŮ¥ϴ¡
׶̧ͷ
ֻݹվ¥ϣǲ΢Ц
Ŷһԡ
˹Ļ̱еŮȥ
ŶĵЦš㣬¥ݣҪҲãùһ
Ц٩ͷŶ˵ʲôأ
ֻҪĺþͺˣŶۣһЦ
ں;Ŷ˵¥ĲȻˣû֧ŵˤȥ
СġþŶ˵УַסĻݡ
Ŷ¥ЦšҪʲôлҰͶˡ
ŶСݱЦĶˡ
ʲôѽǱδŶܱȥܱʦ˵Բѽ
㻹֣ݿڹͨ졣
Ŷ˹һۡˣ»֮ҹô죿ҿɲģ
Ŷݶţס˵ҿˡôʲô˼ɵġ
ŤȻ˵ֱ׳нŮӵСĮŮӴ󵨡
ߵߡŶ̸̸
ŶȴԶãҺ˵֮󡣡ûأ
˴ǰ
үڸ˰ɡȰվŷǴŸղŻеЦ⣬۾ȴ͸һ˿˼

ŷʧЦȻˣ
Ц㺦ҡŶδȴȾ죻һѶ¡ôˣ
ī׹һ֡û¡
ȴִҪ£ֹȥֻѱˡô£ɶʲôʱܵˣԼһ㶼û֣š
ˡ
۾ֻлˣĻ˰׹ڱϣǲԾķ᣻𴦡
϶ŶҧҪԽι
Ĳ֮ŷ˶ȴΪְο㣬īһգǰˣҲΪӰ£Ȼ
ȴīȣ󲽶ȥ
ŶϺŷһǺݾɱıӰɵš
Ծ׷ϣǰƻУżֲࡰŶֺοࣿǺҲ֪պҵļƻڲ½ϣҪɱǸҿ
㣬͵Ŷؿš
һ仰ŷеļƺͲ²ⱻķ顣
Īȴӿ纣˵İоĺзɲΣ
ǺǡʧЦ鵹ֵˡ
Ŷƹ
ɡ𡰾͵㡣
ͣ۾ȴŭ⡣
϶ܰ㡰ֻΪǿ飬Ҷлл㡣û˶ĹζĲѡ
㣡ȹһչѾԶȥ
īȺţü䣺ô˵ǻ飬ģҪö鶼Уģ˵Щʲô
ЦԼȻڲˣ
᣿
ôˣ
ôˣ
ϲƲΪȴȥ
תţչ
Īķǰסȫ
˲ȡ
꣡
ȥƲŭĿ⣬б˵
ǲߡ
Ϊķ·˲ҵңͷ
㣬͵
̶֣ӳġ
ΪİΣǹ𣿲ƤСˣǵˣ
ʲô
Ǹƶˡĥ͸ݾŮӴɫɣ
飬ֻ𣿣

 45 

Ŷӭȥ
Ŷ֡ң
һ㶡
ңŶִ⣬ײ⡣
״æӻóǿԼ飻ʵǾŶˣֻùݸ
ǿ˶Ľƴ鱻ھŶС
ŸġŶ飬ɵʹĵ
飡
˼顣
󾪡Ŷ
ŷҲ񲻶߻ؿջ̧ٿŶ
ֽ̧Ƭҳȥ
ȥģšҲãҲãĶҲãҲãŷ˵飬һϵûãһ㶼ûУӽ쿪ʼκҶٹܣһɹȥԶɽˣ
޷Ӧס׾ͳĵط˳ȥ
ЩƬڰѥǰ
ȵ߬ȹǡ
ԭеķڴ˿̻Ϊŭ⡭
һɹȥԶɽ
ң
ŷзеĶпᣬȥĵطĿ⡣
̫ߵС
Ŷ˺Զ˶Ϣš
ĸ磬û°ɡ֪Ϊλŭĵľ뷢йһ㶼ԼǸ⿴
ȻҲǽ˶ɹжɻһʱ˵һ仰ֻǰ֡
ŶǸ⣬ۿΧ
и̣ȥ׵Ĳ̣Ŷ顣
ȥ
£Ҫһ衣
״ںȸһŶǽá̾ˣֻ÷Ŀˡ
ԲŶŶȴֻ̬Ǹⲻֹ
״ںһ£̧ʲôˣղźǳĳŷҶ
Ŷȿڲ衰ֻ֪ú
˵˵ʶܾˣЩ˲˵֮Ӧö˵ҲһڴĮĴǸˡ
ŶЦЦűӡ֪
ҲһƬãȻΪԼҪأ
ȻƲ٣ǵʱ˵ѡ
׼ƺܽͣ㲻ٱʡںЩ𣿡
šŶͷ׮飻ʵǺܺõģϲôĸ磬һɹˣ˹Ķִɹ˵ĻʹȣۻݵģҲĸ磬Ǻþû
׵ͷǰѾûлعɹˣ㡣
ǰȥ˲صءŶ֪ȴҲ˷ܵĸغôŶ˶ꣻûȫߵǿŮ֮кøߺøߵѩ壻Ҷֻܵһ롣ࡰķ羰ɾף֪ʥɽʥĺһзǣ̫ˣ
׼ɫȫ¶ʥԺһҪһȥòã
ðŶͷлҲ㿴ʥأ
׼ϸ˲ɿܵĹâɵס֡
Ŷһջĸ硣һ˵صأ׵ǵ顣
һɹŰɣĿŶҪٽӴЩݶˣѾ书ˣûˣ
⣡Ŷ޷ƿΪףݵĸ硣
ŶҿԴӦ㣬ؾ³ĻԼ׾Ͳָ췢ˡŶֻΪҪһˣҾһˣŶ޸ңҵӣ
Ŷղرյ֡
㲻Ҳϲɹǿԣڵ
ĸ磡㲻ԳΪˡŶֹ³ѾԼ꣬ôԱԼҲͬģŶԼĸΪųĸ磬ھŶǶصɹˣ
ŶҲ磡˫ס֣ҡͷŶֻС
ĸ硣Ŷ˫֡Ҳܣ
׼ܾץס˫Ϊʲôѵ֪ҵ𣿾Ŷѵбˣ
ˡŶԼȴܹż
ΪǸŷӣĺѹɸŶǸ㲻ԣ
ûйϵ֮ǰͶ˵ԼֻǸ硰ĸ磬ҲĻã͵һݲ𣿡
㲻ǻݣ׾ܾľܾŶǻݣ¸ҡšᶨľŶҴСͰϵŮˣ
ž
һʯӴ׼ͷסѨ
Ŷȥ
ѥīţϴǳǳ⣻˿´ǿԲī
Ŷջ˫󣬵ʤѩļϺȦ
һһ˿ħȡ
׼ŶֵסĹĸ磬ɹףŷһľһŹ㣡
ǰŷɨΣҶҰɽˣҪ֪øʲôĴۣȣȱϡҶ˵ˣҶ֣һӴĺݶ
ŶǰһǣλŹף
һ¶˹˵ȣķޣܰٶߡջǾ䣡
Ŷһ̧
ջȥ÷ֺȻҶɹӣ
Ŷۡһذɽ˰ɣɶΪҪв
Ȼ⣬Ҳ֪ܱ̫Ȼ˿ɾͲˣ
ŷֽ⿪׵Ѩ
׵ѣ롭
īȵǰ
ŭӡ
¹ȻЦšӣŶҰɽˣӽǣȡģԵ常ȥҿɾͲܱ֤常λش㣡Σվ档
ۻչžŶʹȥ
ĸ磬ԼȥȻܴӦ⣬Ŷǰ˰㡰Ҫȥˣý㵣ġ
ŷ˵ĿǷǳã
ôףŷˣ㲻һڼġ
ǶĨ»ӳš
׿žŶͬûнٵЦһʹ

 46 

Ƿȥ
ҲҪ˳
Ŷ˯𣿡ŷ׼ޡ
ͻݹһ˯ˡظ
ȥƣܷ޸ĿǼƬϡ
ϵһǿƬռˣȻȫˣ
ǡ߹ȥġȻֺαˣ޸ٺҲѺˣµġ
ŷ˷ϴȥѵˡ
ˣ˳ʱ򣬰ѵƴˣ

һŹԲޱȵ˶󶫺飡

Ƕţ
һھŶУǰһŷУŶǰ
ʲô˼Ŷ
ֽӶ¡㱣ˣ㶪ĵģͲ֪ȥˡͬһУһԵںԡ

ŶǶˣü
ʦˣͱˡסŶ˫硰ڰɽ˶įҲܼįġ
ˣŶ̿˵㲻֪ɣվȻѨң
ǡȰϲŷʹɫ
Ŷʧ̬ˣ½⡣ŷҾ
ŶһۡȻҿɲ㣡
⣡
еʯͷˡ
̫ˣ洫˻ݵĿ޺
ŶԺõı̱仵
ôˣŷ˼ˣļȥҲˡ
˻ظعʦͻء
أŶŭɶ;ģ׼˽ģ
סŶŶ侲ЩǻضԹһƬ飬ĸŮڰﲻ˽ǹã˻ݻܾأǻء
һֱŹġŶ¡ġָŰ۹ӡҼҹһ㲻Ǹˣò䡢Ҳ䣡
Ц˵ųʩҹĵùǰֻֻŶˣ
㲻ã˵ŮءŶƢһض㲻
޹۵ŷΣֹأ
ڿʼî㾢ȥ׷ذûУŶһ
ŶõġŷŭµȻ˵ˡ
ƿˣŶ߳š
ŷ˿
ŶͨţתϾʦҲʲôûȥˡ
ŷվԭأĿ⳯뿪ȥ
ݡֱǸ챿׾İ仰˵ڡ
ţ۲ȥ
ģһΥŵȻѹǼᶨ˵
ô˵ĿһӿðǶǴĮϵһ԰׵ҷǽһֻˣ
ضҲ˼Ϊѡ
㡣Ŷ
ߣؼŶ˵תߡ
ضܿ־ּ̿ݣԺ̸
磬ڹׯ̸ѹǲԭ£
ãͷһѹĻݣȥ׷ˡ
Ŷݿ޵ھŶͷԭôҲôأ
Ŷѹǲܡ㣬ģһģ
׻ͷ
Ŷεıȥ
ԶԶŷתīȣš
ŷӡ߹ͻȻ񣬲ݹȥһš
ŷ˷ϤˣӹţٷС
ֱһ·ˡ

 47 

ŶȻŻȥ֣ҹ̸ˡ
ŷ˶һ֪ĵط
Ŀ
ү
Ȼպҵ첽ǰ
ǰȭҾүô˴
֪ҪôأպŭաŷˣֻǸɽ㣬Ϳһ⽭ϣû뵽ֻ̰ɫÿİΣڲˣ
Ҳһŭվպߡ
ŷŭкЦͼӴ׵˵ٻ
үѰȫСүΪҲ֡΢ЦŶƢ໵ֲǲ֪ҳ֣һǰСүΣ
֣Ͳ䳰ðɽŷһСŮӵĻˡ
ҴӦʱүҲڳŷΡƭСүҪðˣҲ𣿡
ȭȻвãǿ˭
ŶףǼ޻εļƻɨŷˡŷˣô˵
պҿŷˣҲˡ
飬ŷ˻һʱҲõĽڡ
û˵˰ɡƽŷ޷ˡ
ŷһ
µˡ˵
ŷ˱˵г
ߣһΪɽжأ䳰Ҳ
δ˵꣬һɺ˲仮Ǽ⡣
Ǳ֮Ѿĺһ亹
Ұɽòָ㡣ֻ조պ˵ã㡪䣡
һЦ𣬱ȣīȴչǰ
ǺֱպұǼ⻮ֱǹˡ
ǹ˱ʲô۶ϣס
ŵΪʲôİ̱ϣƴӶ
˿¾ȻֻһƬҶ
ЩַֻľȻֻһƬҶǹˣڹ
ŷһ֧ǹ
ŶӺ㻹ҷ棻δɱ÷磬ҫ𣿡
ŷûС
ȻӦרνϣΪҪ㶼Ŷף𣿣û
պҼģ֪ŷκβģҲԸ
ҼҹЬҶҪǿǡŶۡȻү˵ˣǺãӣͶʲôʲү
㲻Ǹˣ˵һԿȥˡ
žžž
֪ʱǵĺס
ŷüЦˣŶɲʲôˣ常ԴϰɽģòҪΪߡҩʦ常޷
ŷ˽ͣЩ˶һĴ֣Ȼ˶ˣ
ȭŷЦšȻүˣŷԲʹ˸ǣ
ǿڣͳǣžŶǻȥͤ㣬ϴ˵ܲذɽǰȥһΰ
ðŶҲתϧظԣʵҲϲġ
Ѵ
Ǻð취ôû뵽ϱ顣

պҿǶȥȥŷ˶ʲôôộγɴ¡
ѵ⣬
ǸŮӾԲһˣЭ㻹ʲôûв𣿡
Эҡͷɳ̽ȫʧˣүҾûǲҪȽϺá
պһͷ
Эۡƺͳ͢ﶼҪڸǣϲ˵
պʻŵټ̽ǰɽ
ʲôˣ
Ȼø£
ܱ֪Խ֪

 48 

ȥ㵹ҸĽŷЩ⣬Ȼŵ»ݡ
ŶֻлҰ׵ľ˶ѡ
ڸȥü
ʵȥҲûжôܸоĳغ͹మܣԹñˣŵģԾҪ
ǿԵģʱԷڡˡ
Ǿ˵ö֮ˣŶ壬Ƶ壬ǲܱƵġ˾ֺڵģ
ŷ˼˵أЩš
֪ѻƪŷˣڽЩòҪЦˡŶ롰书ôƭˣ˴ж˿鰡Կ˵ŵ˾Ҫ㶼ˣûûˣ
Ŷǡܽˡŷ˽ǡ
껪ݵ飬ǾͻذɽɡŶ常Ҫˡ
˵ˣŷ˵Ц֮˰˷֡á
Ŷߣĵĵһ䡰֪±ܻ󡭡
ŷһᡭȻ֪

ǸȥСʱֻйסݵˡ
ŷЩ조ƹأ
Ŷֻɨδɡ㡣
һ˿Ц
Իزԭ㣬һ겻飬ҵһ꣡һ飬ҵһ
Ŷλݿϼͷ
ǴĮŮˡҲǺߡҪԵҲ㣡
ݣģһسŵġǸεĿݡ
ţȴѹѵҵİֻεĳŵ𣿣
ŶԶ߹֡
ҪȥŶʡ
ˡ
ʮԼ֪Ǹţӵʿͽ߹ֵĶԼ
أͬУ
ҷ˻ҩʦѹִӦҪسŵض̫ˡ
˻ݡŶȻҲġ
ɫ˰ˣȻȴδ¶۵ı顰ڵϣȻˮ㲻̫ˣ
⣬̧ͷŶ
֪Ŷ͵ĵͷһչ˻ݵģȥɡ
áֺȴϿҵĵͷװģҲΥԼŵԵġ
ðҺͻݶԸմñعĮˣҲǷſˣϾʧȥʹ֪ģ뼰˲ɨ˿οݵľŶҵܾˣҲҪȥøġ
Ǿʹ˱ֱ̧ȭ
šҲȭϣǺܹܿؼ
Ļͷ
조ټݡ
ټݿ
Ҳŷ˺;Ŷȭ
ŷ˵ͷ
Ŷȴ÷Ҳ
̾ת󲽳߹ֶȥ
ŶǵѸšȫ𷢴˵аҪŷ̫ˣ۸㣬ʦǶȻƤ
Ҳŷˣ׼Ŷ⣻Ȼ߹ֶȻ㣡
ˡŶסıʦͽʲôãŷſأ˼ֻлһеô˭Ƶġ
һбᣬǵЦȴֺ
ŶҲҪˡݡݣǿһ㣡þŶҪѩϵѩǿֵˡ
ݿŶ֡
Ŷס֡㣬ģһùصߵģң
ǣ㡣ݵͷҲ֪˵һ
һ·ءҪŷ˻ذɽ޷͡ȰɽˣҲشĮǺ͸ġ
ͷҲҪء
Ŷһ㣡ٴġֻҪһղޣҾ͵һա
ŶЦĸ磬ҲشĮˣøˡ
ҲǿЦ
ĸ磬㽻Ŷһܷź֣
ױ΢Цµ֣ס
Ҳڴ˱Ŷӵ˻һ¡㣬´ʱϣ͹֮ʱ
ллҲӵ´ʱϣܴİ֮˸ҿԼҸͬʱҲϣŶҵҸ
ȻãǽԸŶԡȻᣬ޲ɢڵķΪյطꡣ
׵ͷתȥ
ܱҲʮֹ񣬸׶ȥ
ڵС
ŶߵӰʧ
ܸоŶĲᣬ
Ҳ߰ɡŶ磻Լ
ʲôףŷ˺֪
ͼȹ绨ţʤѩݹȴ
üǼ٣
Σüȥպѽ
ذɽһīһգת

 49 

ɽ
ȻǳŷȻƲȥ
ͨСӡ
Ŷڰɽľ
Ѿõľ޴齣Ŷ¾ԲࡰԼҺá
֮ˣĴ˾Ŷ㻹˵ҪȥĮס
Ϊ֪ͨ˷ˣͨСͱɨһ£Ǹûµˡ
ŷҪˣҪȥѨŶšȻ֪Ҫˡ̫Ϥŷ粻ĺݶƢ
ǸطŶ̤㣻Ϊ̫Σˡ
㲻ȥʼʰǵ
һȥˡŶԾ𣬴ܹϺһšüЦġ
ʱ򣬾ŶѾܳӣЦӲ̵ֲĵطȴң⣬Ŷʱ˼㣻Īŷɽׯ͸ڣ
ŵɽׯǰ´
Щ˺ŮСᲽ˿֣·͸ڴ˱ֻܵĨʤѩȹ
Ŷڵĳбܡ
ɽׯһλ£ͣŶС㡣
һ㡣ŶǲϣЦЩҴӽϴ㣬ɻã
ãѾԸ׼С㵽ϸҲǰ־壬ЦŻش
áѾܳ
԰ŬأҵĻɺã
ŬɽׯڵĻ󽳣ʮ˵ģʮ⣬ƤڣĬԣŶҲ΢ЦãŶСҪѪͿ쿪ˡ
ҲܳԶ
һ·ЩǶ΢Ц⡣
ɽׯŵ̨īȰ۲

ֻͬһֵֻİͨɽׯĳбܣ·ǳþˣǿԭʱûеģ۽ǵչ·ǵ˷ɡ
˵Ŀ⽻롣
˿һǿǷֱ֮
ö˶̧ͷȥ
ѥ߿ʺ򼣬ҪϵĶЫյҡҡ׹
ߣ
ŶȴκζĴߣȥ
Ҫﵽ߾磬һжǡ޻롢ߣһлָ峺ΣʾﲻԶˡ
Ƕ涾϶ߣ嶾ȫΣյĵطͨﶼǱҧһھ֣ŷˣҲҴ⡣
ŶȴһãںڰжкβԵվηֵĶ۵ĳرߣЦӯӯͷĽҲס
˫ںڰȻ
ֻ֮ڣһǿ׳˳Ы룬ȴȻΡȻ
գ֮ڣЩﶼϵ١
ЦŨ
صĶﶼԳɢɢ
Һһʱ˵¶Ѩ
ȴƳ졣
һߵȴ˶źɫĽۣµȫڷ
īȴ򿪱ܿ㹻ɱ˵ĶĿȴǰȹϡ
֣۾ʹ
ۺɱ˶ȥ
һӡȥ۵Ķ˺Ŀ⡣
ŷȴֻƲˣֱŶȥ
ָһɫֱֱסǻҵܡ
̵ֻ۰֮ɫӰڵѨʮС

ȵͻƽ⿪
󡹦һдл
ſ˶Ӳƴ
飡
飡
飡
ļսǲϵ뱬飻Ѩʱҡҡ׹ƺػɽʯ޷֧Ŷ˷
Ŷһϲɸ󡹦
һͣھŶüĵĺݵı黯һЩţŶҲãĲ
常̳ͷ常󹦸ɡ
ߣ
ͬԾŶ΢øУıǶԴİˣİ˻Ҫ䵭
ûгȥ͸ӿŶһЦ˵θһء
ڷмŻҷݶһۡʲô书㣬ı㣡ʹ㣡㲻ǲϲйұչ֮ʱ㵹ͬˣ
ûءŶ˫ֺ󸺡Щ·ˡ
ŷۡ
ȳȥ˵Ŷ顣
ŷͷ
ȷ˵ĵط

 50 

ɽׯ
εľ޴̨ҶϷ˻ɫĴִ
µŮվࡣ
˿ֲСŶҵˣ
Ŷּ䣬ڷɳɫ֮Ѿ˹ڵϵҩū
ֻһڣȫ̼䷢ڣʹץԼʺء
ɫѰ˲ٵطѰõġŶ֣ػ˲ѪĶҺֻҪѪͻѪҲ˶ҩҧֻҪѪͻΪԴҧһڣ˾ҲᱻΪһԴһʮʮ٣ֻҪѪڣܴ档
ݵĶ
ŷ˲ЩʶĿ˵֮ˡ
ȴȻ
ǰŮ޷ڻݼͷСûϵȺš
˵˻Ȼƪ
ãŷϲ佫ϵ߾ȡнҩϲĿǶߡ
ųһ¡ҪԿԡ
ˡûнҩźء
һߵŷ˿˾µŷ澹ȻɣͷȻһĪ⡣
˵ҪҶŷ
ŷ˹ǣֶзҪ׸常
ܸʲôԾͿס
ŶЦ𣬳ߵ
ŷĮ̸һ˿֪ľáƭҡ
˭ƭŶ조ҪˣŷˣߣﻹءһԾӾߡ
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Ŷǰȥ
ŷɨ
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ŷ˹常ܴӦһ£ֶԵ˫ַϡ
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ŷȴŶȥô£
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ŷ濴Ŀ쳣
常Ȼ²ϱڻҩʦܺͻ³ɣ常ܽȫ澭ѵ˵
ŷ˵ĹâҲҪȢˣܵȫģаͶа
л常ŷͷϲ
Ƕأŷ֡
ŷ˴ӻͳ˫ֵϡ
ŷùζõľ澭˶ʮľ书˿Ѿˡϲıȴȿ޻ѿ
ĺã˶治ҰɽĴˡһͷüɫӺɫõ澭常ʲôӦ㣡
ҲУǶ֮䣬Ŷ֣۾ȴ𴦵ӵǳᡣ
ĸŷֶ󾪡
ŷ̷ſ֡ŶСģִ򡣡
֪飬㻹ܡŶŲԡ
һ˿̹⣬ŷˡ
ŷЦš
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ǵģ常ŷȣҾôҵĻ»ġ
ǴͷߴŷӲļЦɱڣ
ţ
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ҪŶɥҲҪҪͷһš
ԳԳԣŷĺ죬ŲǰӣȻɱЩʧļˣ
ŷ˶ǻˣŶʵĵ
ȴӭεʼ硢Ц
书㣡
ÿͶ˵
ⲻ֪ϵЦж࿪ģ
ɶ
ͷˣ

 51 

š
ŷȥ˵飬ŷǰ뱾ĶӰ
ŶΪ˺ЩˡЩǾŶģ㳢
µӣ˼ڡû˿ɱˣ˭ܵҲϱӻ£иġ
ôãŶϲǸˡ㡭
ҪһסҲˡ
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ѾĴ˵ˡת˻⡰Ŷôģ
ûʲôر뷨Ūһ޴̵⣬УҨЩִϣرϸġԳԿ
һؾˡ֪̫Զˡ
ǵطϡҲߡŶ̧ٶ㡰òóԣ⽭ϵЩ㲻ϰߣѧ˺þá
ŷ˿Ŷ
Ц֪ˡͷЦ㲻Ұɡ
ôģŷȴ㣬ϸһ˿Ц⡰㣬

һ˿ǳǳ΢Цͷ

ͨСӡ
Ŷ˹Ƿ߻Լӡ
ŵơ
㣬;Ŷ˵˵ɡû߽Ӿӡ
㣬ǶӵˣԭΪһ֪֮ᡭˣʦҪȥ׶ǣǻزȥˣȥﰡ
㣬ǹȥΪ㣬ǴˣֻоŶǡ
ǰ޴ȥġ
̤ӡ
ֻЩƽֺĵó輧˶޹ǰ
Ŷתƿ
Ŷɨһۡǣ֪ˡ
ŶС㡣ǼųŶǰɣǡ
ҲǹŮסǻˣҪȥĮġЦǣ
Ųᣡһűߡ̸ղ˭ţŶȻһ󡭡
һȥޱŵȣƾ仰ͿһǧΣ
ǼһűߵԶ
Ŷ
ޱŵһѪ
ԭϣļǶµ˺
º޹أɨһۡûУ
ǶµĺˣѰ뿪ӡ
Ӷ䣬ͨСӵŴϣ
ɫþδ

 52 

ǺûƷλ
Ŷ÷ڴտڳӡεĴ󷫡
˭֪ŷҵĴƵģһ뷨ûˣ

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һɶӿϣɶ
˭涨δģ
Ȼˮǲɽĳˮƽ˾ģʲô
ܣ
ȴڴ˿һ

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Ǳɢ룬Ůǣͷ
ŴʹŸ󡹦أҡ书ʹٺÿܡ
Ȼŷ˵书Ȼŷ۾ʵڲֵһֻƻӵȫһŷա
书ϾСһ֪ϻ˶ѪСӲ

Ц
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ŷȴЦⲻֹ
㻹Ц֪ܡŷ治ŭ
ֶЦ뵽岻ĺңǺɸ֡ڴ
ô
ΪֶãҪֶɲģ常㲻ʹôʧաСĵĴšν֮֮У𣿡
Σ
ݾĶִڴ
ߵŷǰҽ书Ҫɳֻһԭ򣬾Ҫ书ľһߣ
ҹҹ书˵ˮ׼һôԶĻ˭ҵ书ôֻһ¥أ
常ΪҪѡֶأ⣬˵̽
ŷαʵˣҧϻ˵ɣ
ʲôŶǻһͿδҾͶˣǶû˷̣ϲһ
סɫ԰׵
ûõĶһ㴬ʲôΡŷ
Ŷڴ塰ɶұԸǸڵˣǺãҰɡ
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ŷŭһ
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常īȶֹٶȡ
Ӳͣ۵ѩǰճȭͷܻȥš
ܣš
ģ
ŷ󾪲򳣣Ȼˣ
ҪΣ
ɶСӻôˣ
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ҾϾҲΪȥ͵ҩʦľ澭͵ˣǺ÷кζԵ˲İľʦһҡбͲҪԼŶвңҪɱȥɱˣŷҶӾ
ѾͷŷƷȴˣ̤ɽׯһ̾עŷҵˣϲϲԸԸ⡭
Ը⣡ŶסȻߺޣȴһ˿÷˴ӦףȥصأȥĮ
㣡ŷ
򰡣򰡡Ŷ桰Ҳɾ
ߣŷȴŭջƣͷ㻹վʲô
ȻŶ񣬵ŷҲҲˣŷ֪ѹûȻ߶Ӹ󡹦϶ȫʱܹ֮ƺŮ
Ů
ǰ㼤ҵҲǼ¼ķ
κ˿˶˾á
ŶҸȥá
ԣ԰ŶĽšҪؼң
ָסѨŷ磻ɭɭĿһۡչ˺
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ǰ䡣
ŶѨŭصĳԶȥ
ӭŭͲ֪Ϊεĵ⡭

 53 

Ҳޣ
ؽŷҵƸӽ˳ˮСޣ
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Ҳްؼ˵ͨ̽顣
֣Ҿ鲻˵ҩʦƢҲˣ
ߡߺߵ߷԰ɽת˳ȥ

ϡ
Ȳ裬Ĵա
ʦɡæӹ
ڴϣ˹ϢϢѪת
Ҳ֮ˣȻĳƺѾָ١
ŶɺЩˣΪ⡣
ˡĿٶȻָ˳ʱ䡰ˣҺҪЪˡ
Ŷҡͷ
Ŷۡŷߣ㻹±סȫǿ͵ˡ
ͻȻ䵭ŷȻˣǾŶϢǣȣת
󱻹ӱա

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顰˭ҪˣξΣҵ£ҵҲҪʣӽ죬ڿʼ˵ʲôǡ
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ȣѥᲽȥ
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ŶҲ֪ԼΪλĪﷳţԴӱŷǿ·ƢƱȹȥʮࡣ
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÷Ҳθ
Բ˯Ȼ񲻺ã񲻺ȻҲã

ǻҪòܵĥҪð
ҡͷʹ򣬺˵Ҫһ졣
ŶˣؿܵҪδǹɷƾǻⲻ
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ԭѹĵ׵ûɵĻɽ緢ˣ
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ǿѪסʯʹǰ
ˣ㻹Ȣʲôذŭš
ˣ̴׷Ŷɡ
ѪǰһֱţȴԽ
ǸʲôŶĴ󶯾ŷ涼ˡ
ŶĹŷϣüͷһѾͷʲôӣ
һҹĻ꣬ˡŶһȭձߡȢأһҹȵ֣Ȣʲôذû£ȥһ׵ģȢأҹģһһȣǰɽǲ϶Ҫ˯ˣԽ˵ԽȥصأȥĮȢɣȢ˭Ȣ˭
Ŷİȹϣ
Ŷŷ桰Ȼа㷭ôϾ
ߣ
߶
ǿ񣻿ŷ桰常ǿ񡭡
ŷۡõ澭ŮʲôʱĶǾţҪ˵ŮˣԼ˭ǣĶ˵Ҳȥ
һͷˮĸһľͱ顣
һһ·ûиӵСŮӡ
һֻ书Ŀֲ常
ࣻ˳Եģô⣬ôں
常
ںŶ
ȣ

Դû̫ǵˣ
μ̫ĵӰôڵȴȵ֣
ǿ񡪡
ɱڣ
常ǡǺ⣿

 54 

һͷͣôЩȥǴ󲽶µŷ棬̧֣ͦͷĺһϮ£ŷбİ£ʮŮӡ
ŷ֡
û߳ͿҩʦϮ£˫ֺ󸺣߸Żغͼū
а֡
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˽𰲡
ҩʦ΢Цǰȴ־ŷ˵ץ
ŷҲѹס֡а֣øŮôļɡ
аŷϷſŷˡ
۸Ϲ۵ͽҵ뿴ж͡ҩʦҲܻ䡣
ŷһס
а֣ССᣬ̫ɡŷǳЦ˴˷ǰĿģء
ҩʦҲЦ𣬶ŷ汧ȭŷ˵ǡһá롣
ӭһ
һУŷȴĴţǱ㵹ǡ
ŷ֣֪ŶŮˣҩʦƺڶС
ŷаô֪ǲѾͷĪаʲôɡװɵ
㣬ôõ±澭ء
ҩʦЦŶǣǺŷôô书׿ĺŮġ
ʲôã֪ŷ֪ҩʦۻأȻҲôȸĿ˵δ˾Ͳ֪ܵȥˣһ㶼ʡġ
˵ŮаҲһŶضԶˣضоŶһڷܣҾˡ
ǸСŮˡҲڡ
оŶǰڷܣаתۡ
ߣط˽Ųȵ˺ˡŷЩҪͬ˵
ŷ浱Ȼܡɡ
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߹ⲻ˻һۡ
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ŷ˿ǰĻءлֱ˵
ȻЦţȴգۼ䣬Ѷָ丽֡
ŷ˼״ãչȶ
˵ĴǰвԶĶλֲ

ŷ˼ֲİ
ȴöһѾ룬ֱüȥ
ҩʦָѡ
Ŷ֡ŷŭȡһδɩô죿
ߣȹһзۣȴȥ֮ˡȥǱ档ץססѨĹ
رǻŪĻЩʧɫȻŹԾȥǴ󼱡磬ȥ
ѾŶƵĹֻʹҡͷȴ˵仰
ҩʦȴķǰԼһȴδһĲƮ貨ȻҲ˿մذ㣻һӡ
ضָֹȥʲô
ر׵סŭɱҰɣҲ޸ģ
˵ãܻشĮˡŶݵ
˵ŷձ㻵Χֶ书аαصأֶ
常û¡˵ɣӦøעصĿȴɵԶİӰ
ҩʦҲ˵ʲô֡룡

 55 

һһΪƾŹΪݣԱ仯
ܲȥˣһͯĲ
ܲȥɡµŮӴ˹Ƿһ·εõĹǺ
˵ʲô粻ĳȥȻܺÿϵĽ߿ɲǺǵġΪλץֵܡ
ץΣܵĳȥ߰
ܲͨһץס˻ȴ㲻ƵѨ
ȥҲⲻҵľתѨ֡ŶЦ𡰸ܲһ󡣡
˭˵ܲȥǰ׺ͷֱУȴƢءͺֵߣɲ𲽣ſһͱƶһ򵽱ʹӣҪʮˣҾȻûа취Ը
ŶţϵʦܲͨһۣŲһתѾƵࡰôֲñһôꣻô˻аĵʹʧ²澭ûа취ʦֽЦЦܲͨиա
СŮô֪ңָܲͨ
üʲô϶֪ˣµһıʦܶ˾澭ˣ
û֡
ţǡʿƭ˴ۣԵãããԼԴ
ѽѽѽŴԣܲͨǴŭֲܶһŮӷ̲ܲ˵ĳ彫һŪ裬ľ֪˶٣һǰžŹС
ķ۹۰·ڴ˽˴ģʽׯǸһıһȻڰ֮УķʽͬҪƽⲢףΪб仯Ǿͼ򵥶ˣ
ۼһϵһһģ
˫һжƷңȴѾ̤˹ɡ
ܲͨһֻϲѽѽ߾ͺˡѾ
ˣָͻȻӰ۾ˡ
ܲͨû뵽ССͣӰ㴿졣
·ڼѾ̤һɿ⣬ȹƮѾվԶܲͨôˣƤЦһзÿֵҲץˣ
ܲͨæ˦˦ͷȴƶס
ػĴ߮Цš
ͯдȴ޿κΡ
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ˡһ˵
һһŶ顣
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һ˵ܲͨȻСƢĲˡֻ׼㲻ˣ׼˵
ˣΰŶء
ŶôסɫҲ֪ȷǲˡܴ磬ҲǾŶˡ
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ǲҲˣܲͨæҡͷҲҪСŮðУã
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ܲͨųǲͬϢֵܣǲǣ
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᲻᣿ܲͨú棬һֻԲһֻ
Ŷȴӻó˲˹ģ
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硣˫ֵסܲͨ
ܲͨҪĲ˹ġֵܣֵܣǸ߸氡
Ŷִӻóһߣϡǲ㣡ǿɲͨߣֹ˫棻ɿЦͬӡ
ǺߣܲͨĽˡܣܣң־ȥ
ȴ˹Ĵʹָ³ơҪҶ˵ô죿
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һ
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ŶҲ˫һߣһҪߣ֮䣻ؼͳⷽභ
Ĺ°ͶѾˣԭΪ˫ֻľܲͨԴȴû뵽֮Ǵۻҡ
ԭܲͨһʮؼįͣŶӰɽ飬֮ϸĹ۲ߵĸΪ֮ȻҲԭ߱ɴ˶У񻥶Ĺ
û˰ɣûҿˡƺһˡ
ŷݡҩʦǿɶġ
һ£ܲͨƺǳҪŶߺͲ˹ģѹһֹšģûƭң
ôأ硣ΪҪʾŶϲʲôϲ飬֪ܶԵģġ˹ģööأ
ʲôŶף𲽾Ҫߣλֺء
ܲͨ룬ӻóһ顰ֻ㿴㳭һʱǾͻ
ҶһŶŲҪء
Ƕʱ˰ɡ
ʲô飿飬¾ûбƳָҲˣϲ飬µ֮͵ľ顣
飿ֽܲͨĲ˹ĺߡ
쳹ͨ
Ŷù飬ɨһۣ뻳ʱ㻻
㳭дܲͨĸȴѵ
Щ桰磬Ŷʲô飿
ܲͨЦв˹

 56 

Զӿǧڻ̧ͷڣȴЦת׷ȥ
ȵҡں
㡣ŶɵȲˡ
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ͷ
ֻ߹վ󣿣
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߹ŭСӾϲһ
ϲضѽȷ˵Ҳ˺߹˼ʦŶá
ʲôá߹ܵġҪҪض
ǵȻġȻԴ񡰾ŶáǵģԼֻۣܵΪôϲԡ
ͺã߹׷ʣתͷȥעǳûнȶ
԰ڡ
ݡﻥǣ᣻ʱݣǸΪ
ǸסǴ͸ǵܲˡ
ɫɴһƺо˶ǿ̧ۣµӰǰȻϸȴ㹻ֵһƵġ
ôġ
дϵ͸ҡ
ŷߣҩʦǻ
߹
˵ĴţūŮѾ޷ܣ׷롣
Ҳӿˡ
ŷ˶֪˼
ֱ˾Ŷ󣬿ҲŷھŶƺǴĵֱ
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첻Ҽ
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ǰȥǾŶŪˣƵ¡־İŮǣǷԻͽ̾Ŷһࡣ
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Ŷ조֪;ŶࣻЩʲôʦһȫѪѪߵߣŶǵģ㵹ǰǺ࣡ƫġ
߹ҩʦҩʦ˽룺ʦкδ
֣ѵ˴ǷֵҰѾƣҩʦЦ𣻱ŷ棬߹Ȼ̬Ȳͬ
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֣ԲӣѾҩˡŷȻ˴ļƻ
߹һ֣ͷʲôȲȣа㵹ô˵
һȴ˹ʺ
硣رǽƻε۾ۡ
ŷֶĿš
ŶһʤѩµŮӣԭͰļϴ˿̸ѩ粻˫Ĺâ㹻ùľ
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ʦ㲻ҪС𡣡ֹʦС˾Ŷ
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ҩʦ΢Ц֡ҶΪһ¶ǲҾһŮֶǽˣҳ⣬λӮȻͿض䣡
СŹȴҲΪϤһ
취ã˭Ӯ˭Ů߹ͬ⡣
ŷ治Ĭ
ҩʦҲ˶һۡ
漴һ̧Ʋ˶Ѿ¡

 57 

ۣ㰡ϽлӶˡ
һϡ
߹Ȼй˼ɣԵĽζ
ǰŷ̲סˡҺͻƹĻ£ôҺ͹֮䡭
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šҩʦ̧
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ܺãξôˡŷҲͬ⡰аѾӦֶ£ǿϽлϣӿһΣҲ˺
߹ԵĸˣԸŷ档
ŷתŷˣţҪ˵ĻܣԹˣǶӦÿĵȥһϲƣĶ⣬֦ڣλǰݵ㣬Ҳˡ㡣
ôˣ߹ţмʮǰɽ۽ʱķڷôͷȫˣ˸书
㿴ˣһֱڹߵľŶͻȻڣһԴĺɫơǰ԰ôҲŽˣ⻰ǺЦ
ʦô£ضǳȤ֪˵˵
ƹ⽭šŷҲȰɲ뱻˺¡
˵ʦҥ£ŪǷˣŭĿ֡
Ŷժ¹ĵˮѶû˵еָоοǰһֱģʱҲѧҰɽֶΣ
Ҳ֪ץסĻ
ŶĿһбõһƹĻй׶ͻشĮˣϾݽ㻹أ
غ͹ݶֶͷһ
ŶԳԿȺðġֺõĽƲƵǰ
Ŷƾ͹ˡ
ֱߵѡǲӸ͵ģ
ǣȥɽģѷҡŶժһţ촽ڡ
˿ʵѣʱȻŪõ˿˶ѣǶֺá
ŶڲΪҪѣͷһΪǲġλÿ궼;Ŷܺõ档
ҸֻܳǸ͵Ķһڡ
Ǹӵȷ룬ͷ꣬ȷЩ죻Ͳ
˵Ѷȴ룬ϰʮͷ͸ˡһʲôﶼǰ˼Ҳ֪ǮƵġŶҹⱭûйζȻ֣
ôáô̫ðɡ
ҾòȡˣΣ
ȴŶŲˣҪȻͲǸƯºЩˡƯ˿˶죬ǾŶһס
ȴ֮ĶԻҩʦͺ߹ϣܹߡ
Ŷ۾һĻûеӣȻģĵغܺãģϾһ𳤴ͬ飬ժֱߵѡҪҪҲԳԿ
ţ조ԵĶǺõġŶʱźġ
īȶȻս
磡ؼ״̴ŭţǰܵĶûйȻ;Ŷá
Ϊͷôˣضһ
߹ȥˡСŮŷȥ
ҪŶҲŷˣס˹ĸ첲ࡰ˵ҸˣʲôԵģǲǣ磿һ֮òչ߻֮Ц
Ĵˣ㶵ĵͷǣŶҺã
һڵߣڹ߶ţܿˡ
ŶЦҼգĶ
ŷ˼״ǰȥƹ
㲻ù
ȻӦһһȻҪܵġŷ󷽡ֶˡ
ܵ壻ǺܵĻҩʦϲ
ҩʦºƲϵľŶͷ
õͬ⣬ŷϯ̧׷ȥ
߹Ȼһƴȥ㻹ȥ
Ȼɵġȥ
߹Ѫȥضͷܶŷ
ŷ濴ŶŶǴδɩһֱ
ŶĲȥˡȹչɶȥ

 58 

԰Ĵϣϰĺ紵ǲҵͷյ˻˯
һ׳ϵߣУе˴룬ֻʣʮҳֱߴҲʣ֦
µš
̧ͷŶ
ʲô
īȵ̧𣬺ڷ
ͷת롣
ллŶˡ洫
ȻȻԵãȹƮţڷ縧˿ڸߴԶԶȥһλ뷲ɡ
㲻ڻߴţҳĿֻ顰ŶôƹǿأֻйǸҵūıأ
ڻ˱
ԾͣԶ֦ͷϣ֮ʵڸңֻһİ׳ϵϸСߵ֦ͷϣṦԴﵽ߶ȣȴ޷ﵽƽȣֻԾ込䡣
αǿҳָժһˤ˶ֲأ㻹һӡ
ôˣµľǧûɵĻŭīչšŶ
߿䵭ĺ߳
ûһû
ī𣬺ֻİȹ
ɨȥǰ±ӰȻйׯǰįˣԸ
ĿϣϸϸĶ


ͻֵĿһŴ׵ߣֻۺͿڿճΪģ
ǾŶĿЦߣڴĮʱŵúɫĶʷ
ܴ磬ôˣü˵ɽ
ǸСŮɽԭŵĶȫӹˣҲųġܲͨҡŲ˹ġ㿴ǸСŮûУʱˡ
ûˡǲ֪Ҳĸ˯ɣ
ض˵
ٰ˵һ䣬Ҿļ޸ŷȥˡָסӡãûС
̾ŶܿģȻûеôģŶأʲôûУȻСʦã뻪ҲǼΪΪˣŶȴʼղԸ⳨ĻٴܵľʦĴ㲻Ҫ
˵조磬ɢǣԡ˵ίɻذˡ
״æضҲûй˼
硣صǲϲô
ʶöˡֱһֱദģʵŶĺܺõġ
ҲŲã조ˣˣǲ˵ˣҴȥһĺ档
ߣȴ಻ĵ顣
Ŷ˳ŻأȻ˵ʲôʲô
ǻûиСŮأֽܲͨűŵĹ
֪ص
ɶ
Ĳ˹ҡĻʵҲҵߺú棡Ǿ

һĽ
飡
ˮɸߣӰ٣ڴ󴬼װ˹ƾյſڿУֻнżŵء
۴Ӹ߿ײվϡ󡹦һ㣬ˡ
һײЩȻ֧š
һѹŵס𣿡
ԡ常ʧû⡣
ĻشŷЩ⣻ţڼװϣ¹ľŶŶ
޹أ
ŷ˱Ծȵ
ʲô޹أĺǳ⡰Ϊ澭
Ҹ޹ˡŶͷ̧澭ҲŷֶԼµһ㣬µڶʲôš
ʲô澭ҲҪġŷôߵļװ塰ǶҪŷҵҪθǶ˵ġ
˰ɡıԣţֳͷŮӣҪ޵ģѧѧָմ
ûͬ⣬ôޡŷ
ͬˣŲأʲô¡
ŷ˵㣡ɶѹȻתŷһһ죬ҪΪɽ
ܿͲˡȻԡ
ɶ
Ȼ򣬳޷ĺ󱳶ȥ
常ŷչæе
Ǹ
Ŷͷͣü䣻˫նʲôûеĺȴͣס˽Ų
ʲôûУûУ
նһеĿð¹Ӿ֮࣬޷
η嶼ûУ˻ʲô
ǡ顭
ʲôûУ
ֲһУ¹ǸƮգʤѩļȾ͸·⣻Ҫʧǰһ
У
֣ٲ͸ˡ
ա
ָֻʣ¿ޡ
Ŀ̻תȹȴѾ˴ա
ŷ濴Ҳת
常ֻ䷺ͷȴζ Ǻ⣿
Ϊθ֪Ҫڣ
ߣŷҲѾ봬ա
ֻһˣֿԼʲôûסƣŶ

 59 

һǻҩʦӪɾ羰ĵطʤö١
ⷽС˵ΧǶֵ絶£¾ⰲȻľ徻Сߵ̨ͤͤ¥̨¹ۺ¥ֿСЪ
Χ۵ĳʢܵһǾɫǶ֡
˿̣еĲֹǷ羰续ɱ
߹ŷʮδȻⲻҪ̽һ书
ƪļս˷ܣؿģŷҲȴĲϡ
Ŷ֦ڱȤҲ̶ȣ⣻ۼŷ˵ڴ
˹ǰȻ͸⬼ס
СˡذŷͶȥӣתļ죬־ŷ
ŷʲôˣĻûע⣻˫䣬˷ĩֱء
Բû£˻ǰѾͤݶ
硣ۼŷĶƴ˹ؿڣʩչṦ׷¡
˹ӿ֣ӲĽƵѹ¡
ˤ
߹ҲƣƲŷ棬ص桰Σ
˵
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡ŷҲ¡һʱûûɡԻؼġ
ŭӡҵڣ˵ҡ
˿㰡ֻоŶϣӸ¡أ⵺ĵ㶫ҰɽһûУ⻨ݲݰϲһһѪأʲô
ŶԽԽûйˡŷ̧ͷ
֦߰ͷʲôԣŲҪء
ҩʦ΢ЦǰŰɽɵй׾֮
ҩֲҪСӺߵġŷЦҩֲѧҲġ
ߣŶͷ˵⵺ϵĲ־ŹЩѧʣܼͼȻҲڰɽֳõġ
Ŷûءŷס죡
ȹ졣
̧
߹ȥаҲҪ˷ʱˣƫİɽҺǸͽ̾ߣĥĥʲô
̫ˡŶ֡ǲˣ޵鲻١
̧ͷŶضϲŷˣ㲻ϲһ
ô˵޸ףͼŷŶ֦ϡˣҾȥǸˣţҿ϶Ҫߵġ
µ̧ӵӣȴΪʹᡭ
ī׹ţֱǿī档

ġ㶯
桪㶮
ġ
棬Ŷ˭ߣ
ֻǷСģ
ĺɵת
Ρ
һȻ书
öȻȭۣ˭ɡҩʦǡŷֺ࣬书
Ŷ
ŷֶŷԹֶаȻࡣ
ʤ綨ôָ¡߹ףлаĻӶ
˭ȴˤ˭䡣ҩʦ
ԭԲڵϣңԶ˶һο顣
֮»ŷ˵ṦһЩ
һУþŶ̧ͷ
ͷ񿥴˶̧ͷ
߿һֻķɣһ
ȹƮչɡ
ʢŵѩԾ𣻻ָ䣬µź¡
Ṧʵ˵ãҶһ㣬ȻͬϾŲ㣻ظͬ
ûҩʦͺ߹ǸӺ棺书ǰɽҴģ
ʲô£ŷ֪еźС
Ŷδ̧θɣȥ˻ð˯Ծȥ
ŶԶŷ涣ҪʱԱŷá
ҡѾԶȥ顣
ǵ꽾Ƣͻһޡ
߹٩аСǱضаò͵İɡ
߹Բӡҩʦ̱粵²Ц
϶ôģ߹Цšһ㶼ﲻ˵ǶӸ㿴ĿŮ
ҩˡŷ滰һת͸¶Ŷ
ҩʦЦ
ŷЦ
߹ȴüŷȻڷֶ͸ΪΣΰɣΪΣ
һԣŷʤˣ
书ȹãǺ߹أȻŷˡ
ҩʦһ֣ŷʤ
߲ѡ
һӮĺࡣ
ȥŶĴ󾪣תҪȥҡ
ʲôŷŭաȥ߹ǵ䲻ǺأȻʹ
ŷȥɡ
ͷ˵ĻȻȥ
常
ˣŷȻаοߺߵıԡ
㡣
ȹԾ뷿ڡĶˣ
һ᣺˫շɺ죬̬ǰղͬˣüͷ
ĶˣƺŶüͷ·ָѾ֮ϡ
һ䣬һּ
ס֣¡
㵹ҪˣīȰչѹסָ
ҲգֻĺüˣǻȴֻԹһ˺ã»ػƴһʱԴɣϧûкҩ
𣿡粻ۣĺҲƲȥĵΡ
Ĵȴ³˰ɽѩ¶ȣߡþ澭Ϊûʲô
ôһ˵˵ĿⲻɵɨԶĸߴӰ
Ҫʲô֪ļ롰Ȣأɽһ󣡡
ɽǰģֲŶ۰
ϵ̿ǰתϰϢҲڶˣĻݽ㲻Ҫʧˡǵš֪ʲộҲ𣿡
ɱ˻ء
㲻ᣡѪĴڴ˿̷ġǵ˵ҲŶ㲻üɼıЯң
ŶҲ꽿Сˣ澭ʲôðȻҪŷܴĵǾͲ²¿ҵҪʲô
˻ִűŮӶûпɰ꣬ЦǰΣҪҪһ£
Ծ޳ָīϵּš档
ߣ
²ŰɣǻҪ˵ʲô
ȹӰöȥ
סתչǡ
ǵĿԡ
һĨĵĻȴߡǶȻˣһīںЦ
ôϲأޱķʡ
īתУ˾ŶۣĨеаϡƹﲻ𣿾ŶҲ˵Ҽݶƥ䡭

ȥķ桪
϶һѩɴǵЦȴŨǿԭڵѩУڴߣܰ
æ㻹Цĳŷȡ
ȥ泩Ц⣬Ȼ常ܸ֪֪ģֶȻа취ıԡ
ŷϸ𡭡

 60 

ڶ졣
аֶ֣Ѿˡŷ߹ܾǹġԽıԡ
ڶĿҩʦ֣ŷĵġ
һŷֶϲ
Ŀǹ˱һ
а߹һ̿ ƫˣ˵ֻǿգôĿأ
˵ҩʦ˫ָأɵĵ߹Ĳ
ؼסֱۡ˵㻰
áŷƴӦ⿼á
ǲˡ߹ת
ȴǳᶨʦΪضһԡϿ쳣
ҲǷǳж硣û뵽ȻΪԼѿ
ڶ⣬λֶƷζһһ
һŷ˾תۿ㯵Ĺ
ɵСӣĶʲô˿񣬿Ǳʤˡ
ŷȴЩûĶҩʦɲ˭ġ
ҩʦ΢ЦλģӷǳƽǿֻҪûĽģ˭õĺþ˭ʤ
һͷֱݸŷ˺͹һһϸ֦
Ϊ˹ƽλ֣ǻرܡҩʦ̧롣
ŷת㬶ȥ
߹ҲֻתЩεĹ
ļȴ޿κΣǲΣܶԽˣֻȥ߹ߡ
ҩʦתŷˡǰһ
ͤڡ
ŶȻҹⱭһ֡

ˣϸ֦ת֣󲻾þͻ˽ġ
ȴΪѹɶٳ޷֡
һ룬֦Ȼòһ£ŷ˵ϵĲ
ģù֦ʯҵĻ
ѹ
ҹⱭͣˣֻһ¡
һ˿Цڴ߾ַһ΢
ôȻȫȻ෴ԭƽܵĵֿ
չС
ŷ˱ƴ˷硣
ԹԵĴɹŵľĵ㣬ý˿ĻаɵĴ࿹
ܲסɣǶŵҡ
Ų
ͻȻһŲ
ֻ̧Ŷͤⲽ·˿ȴأ
һƽдͬĽࡣ
ƤҲˣָ㿴
Ҳ·𣿡˻һۡˣȻҪ߶һ¡
ҽ㱾·ڸô죿ס߹߹İŷˣ
߹Ҳͷǣаֲ㣻СĺܣԲС
аȥδͣҲδͣ
ĲҲδŷֻŲȻһʱ佫ػˡ
ؼѲеŷ˾ȻĲָ˲־Ůɢ
ⲽеľŶ۾һа
ǵض룬ȻڴͫǰӲͣڰա
һ룡
ЩȫʮأȸղŸǿʮ֡
һӣ
أ
ȴЩʧɫĹ赲ԭʮ
Ŷ󾪣ǰû°ɡ
ŶߡҰڣң
صĻ˻ȥ
ŷҲ
ض̫ˡҩʦȻ֪Ŷŷˣ·ɲΪڡ
رҩʦбίѾǸˣ˵ʲôϲŮŲأŭŷˡ㻹֮СŮ𣿣
֣ͣᶼˣͷԵѹҡͷضģô˵Ŷ
ɽŮĸйϵҲ̲סˡʲôãҿСˣ
ǰһסа㻹֪ŷ˵
ȴԣţתͷŶǵģﲻͣԸ
ҹⱭմЦͺ𣿡壬Ͳķ
ЦлΪһ˿ࡰƹ벻ҪҼС㣻Ҫأ
ˣͼ޸ŷ˺ˡؿžŶСŷңʲô涾϶¡ӳһű̺ͨ͸ӡͨϬҲҪ͸ˣžͺã
ӹ˰˿ѥǰ
ɩɩȻ˼ңееġŶһǿű̺Ӿʹѿ
ҪҽУ˭ɩɩʲô񣬻˫ۻߡôɩɩ
أҪ̫ˡŶԲκԴǻΪٴ˺ûȨ˵һֵĻǾܹ˵ġٲãҲù׷澭Լŵˣ
˵ʲôҲ
˵ʲôҾ˵ʲôŶ
µŮȴƵġ
Ŷصû
ضҲֹס˻ء
ԸԳϿᣬŮҲĬضŵת߹Ŷס
а߹Ȼ̬ءʵضҲû˵϶ŮҲģҿҲǶɾҲ֮£ô㻹ް
ŷ˵Ŀⲻɳȹȥһֱɵ̾Ц
ŷ汳ȥ߹ơ
߹˷ãͷа˵˭Ӯˡ
ҩʦҲСŮ֮Ķ죬ɫֶ֣ʤ
̫ˣ硣벻ȻӮ֡
ŷ۾һŷˣûõĶ
߹ҲǴϲģɵСɵ
ԼӮˣҲǷǳˣٺٵɵЦʵͻȻ뵽ŶºӶֵʱ򣬲˹ֺ֣ŶɹžӦԣʤǼǲ𣬷ô˷ƶʩ
ԶǾ֪Ϊεһֱס
ڶλֶһʤǾ׼ʼ⡣
߹оòа˳ף
аᣬŷ̧֡λ
سվڹߣ֪ôġ
߹𡰰ŮģҪС
Ѿȥɿεĺ߹ʦǻǽȥɡսĲǾΪ
鱾һ˿аܡ

 61 

ڡ
ҩʦӵλǰ㣬תҺ׾ֻضһŮض֮ʱѾȥճɶλƵͬʱǰף׾֮ضʮֻϲһ顰Ȿ׾飬ѪڽɸλֱֶĶһ飬˭ֶ׼ȷұŮ
Ǳ飬̴
ҩʦšⱾһй׾ҲڣҾĬף֮ѡŮһλֶҡ
߹а˭ƪĴָһָ֪ͽ֪ʫ飬Ҫ飿ҪȥŰˣ治ߡ˵꣬סҪߡ
ʦ
֡
߹ͲżˡŶ֪ʱҲӡȻδԣʤô˼еѾϡοǱһǷͬСɵ飻ȻƷôء
ôһѣŷ뵽ѵǾ澭Ͼ
߹ҲҪʲô
ŶЦšҵҪлԼôͣȢ˵Ǽٱŷ۸ϵŮˣ㺩ĸĺǵһؿޣң˸ǲǺʹʱĹ䣿
ҩʦô£ȻѾлԼôһס
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Ŷָôŷ֡Ȼشˡ
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ī붼û룬־ͷȥ
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û¡Ǳīȣֵ̣㵲ס˻ҩʦĹǱīǻˣҩʦֲҺлԼҲɱڰɡ
ŷ˾ŶҲЩŭ
ŷ̧֣Լ鷳Ҫˡ
ҲǴ󾪡Ŷû°ɡ
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ŷۡǰԵɷ˵ĽŶߡ
߹ͷô£
죬˵ȴҲܷ
߹ɴСŮ˵Ѿ˻Լ
ŷ֪ŶȻթȴᵱλֵûеЦЦ֣㶼û͸һ𣿡
߹ŷЦô̵£ûУ
ʦֻáؼ߹ɸżѾƫŷңʧȥʦ֧ţһᱻ׼޵ġͬ˵ġ
߹ͻҩʦض˵֪ŶԷ顣
ҩʦͲϲͷԵĴӡӻûһЬҲ䣡ضȻлԼȻ㡭
ΪҪôشӵ˾ŶǰڡΪ㻵ҪɢҺ;磡ͻ֮䲻ҪͣŶ޸ŷˣһ㲻ð㣡
ҲޡŶסɽׯһ죬Զ޲ص֮աǷȻĵĵȻûصĽǰĿЦĴɽˣѾǵˣԸҾԶޣ
гĵȻ΢ЦĿˡʲô
Ŀȴʲô˷
رô̹ȻĻšŶôԼأԸˣأԼأϲǸ𣿡
ֻǵȻĿŻؽš
ҪػҲҪҪ޸ŷ˵ģҪҲҪ
£ĸ֮ȹĻȡϲԸԳ
īĪһ
Ҫת˳ȥ
ȹҲת롣
ţȥ

 62 

֪룬ȴҲֲκεˣѹߵ˾Ŷղλϡ
ͷɥ
߹Ҳͷ
ŷﰵЦתҩʦа֣ȻؤǷˣԭ˵õġεȫ澭ˡ
ҩʦȭŷֲˣСŮԵŷֶ
ŷ˵˼ȴȥİȹǱߡ
ɽׯһ죬Զ޲ص֮ա
ԸˣأԼأϲǸ𣿡
ǡûбݡ
ΪҪ˼ңʲô
أԼأ
㻹ڸʲôˡŷӲŷ̧ͷ
ţ
ŷ濴ҩʦҲ
һʱΪֻ˳Ӧǵдȱȭ
ССǰѶɡиӵһࡣ
ܴ磿Ҳ
ͻȻһĨӰ
һͲСȴȻСվ˹ߡǸͬҲͬĸֵܣǸСﻻˣбһѩ׵ߣްЦģʮֹŹ֡˵ǶʱߺúŶ˶ɲˣأ
ͯôҩʦһŭȡôĵӣ̤˴
аĶûãǸСܲͨЦ漴ͷղԡ
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磬㲻Ҫ˵ȰԼĴ˻ԼضģþŶҲѹ
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ܲͨ˵ʲô߹ŭܿЦ
ֻܲͨ9ָͷŶǱؤ߹ǺˣҺ˵˺߹ߡ
ܲͨ˵ùȫ澭ҩʦҲʡ
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ҲǸգȻ澭书Ľѣʦֵĳŵ˵ܲͨԴ㣬Ҳס˾ģУУҲ벻ֵܣǸŮһҿ߾澭ʲôӵģ
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 63 


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ֺ飬ȵֲɽ߰˷֡

 64 

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常ȥŷ˲˻ҩʦ룬񣻰ѥһתŷش𣬷

 65 

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 66 

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 67 

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Ĵɻ󣬵ŷˡ
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ԸӴȻضô˼ȭŷҡҡаЦ⣬Ҳ䡣
ŷˣ㲻ҲҪ˻飡ؼ׾ͦѵ˵˵ģ
ʵڲܴӦν˭ҶŶһҪ˵ŷˣŷˣԹٿͷʱѸʱ;ȤǲǣضҲùɡ
ҧǺãҼ㣻ֵ㲻ðѰɽļȮ
ȥǵðͨԺҺͷ˰סŶ𲽡˼ҷҪͷܴβϣڶ಻㰡
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Ϊһдʴǣͻͬ⡣
ΪŻȥ
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Ȼ㶼ԸˣҲʲôˣһᾡûݿ͸ĿɶоŶȥòҺʵڼթ˭ϲ˭ȥҪҽһӡߡ
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ŷ˼ŶѾĬʣתǴīȺգǷȻԼ˽ѷ
ҵ㾡ܷġɫֻ常
常ƹﲻùģҲУŶҲ˵ġŷ˽ġ
ȻˣôͶˡ
ŷ˷ֱλŮ
ڰԶ
˵а϶˷ԵضһԲܷ룬ŷ˺СŮҲǽֵһ˫ضŻԹŶŷ˲̰ɫ֮ɾΪ
˸Բ

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Ŷվڼװϣſƽ޲Ĵ󺣡
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ЦˣǷǶˡ
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Բࡣ
ҹ紵ʵü·滺
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أϹʲôġȢԸ
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΢΢ЦΪʺϰɽǽϵϵһܲĻĮ
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ŶҲǾ仰Щʧǣȥ桰ôղҪأĸɫŮˣȻŮˣŷ˶ԸŮ˵Ȼҳ
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ŶʲôȣѸͿˡ
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ֻԼҪԼԼ壬ǶЩŮˣҲģΪͨͨ䣡ŶֹסķЩ˵ģ
Ŷ㲻ЩŮ˰Ϊ˼ң
Ŷȴߣؿڲ߹˵ĶԣһһΪңΪΪҲ䣡Ȼ䣬ҾͲҪһŷˣ㰮Ľ˭Ķ˭ûϵͳͳûϵֹס㲻Ű飡ãΪҲţЦľʲô鰮ˣҾСŮ
˶ŭŷ֪˵ʲôȥˣΪΣǣȣСƹĻô֪
常ʼûи֪ǿ顣
ΪĻþŶôĻ˵Щ˰ֵƺǹغԼĻֱӴ˵
Ŷشգʹ޵ڴϡ
ɵ̾ôˣʦ㲻ǶŮ˺һףôǰŭǿأ
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ŷ̾һúչ
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 68 

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ŷ濴ǡεôˡ
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ĺˣ϶Ҳӵġ߹ָǲǰ
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ŷϴ
봬գǳ˯
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ǡж
ӣŶдҩ֪ȥȡԼȥҩ
ɫҩ軯ˮȴ಻ʺ
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Ŷ㲻Ҫˡһ߲ȥҩ֭һ߻ڵҪ˭ȥǵģҩҲҪȵġ
ԿŵŷһѶֻʣҩ֭ȫ
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ȥͺ;Ŷ顣ŷġȻ˻أǾͻҺѡģ

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ᣡԿסҩۡŲҪڶˣˣ˴ǡ˭Ҫ޸㣡
ڳ˯ȥŷڸѩ׵ļԸԸ⣬Ҷ㷴ڣŶǶΪѡģҾԲԼʧȥ㣡
ԼĶ˾Ȼһѡλӣ
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¹˵㲻ΪҿҲҪģ
Ŷһжŷ˵ģ

 69 

Ľš
常ӲľȽ
ŶסҶʮİˣҪҸģĲˡһתǺ˵ġҪһؼҺĽĬд£Ҫ
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Եĺ߹ˡСŮĳǲ·νơںôã߹һںþƺȡ
ǰҼСƵļˡޱһľǲɺ;ŶСļƷյӱǲԶˡ
ģ߹üɫϲľҾˣյӺųҾ֮ζŨңպ֮У븹֮
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˶һ˫ѥϢ̤

 70 

þƣǺþƣ
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պ󣬿һƬǽ;š
ŶС㡣Щֵ˺Ů߿
ŷͺ߹ѾǶѷʤǱ߹ŷҲʱȣȻѾܺɸ󡹦ŷ˲ˡŶĿ䣬ҧ˹ߴĴΦϡ
ҹһȻķ죬ȫе
ȫ---ҡס֣
һ仰ŷȱ֮ĲɵеǿǵĻ궼һ㡣ɵ˫˫ݶİȹ
ŷͺ߹Ҳͣ֡ǹǿˣޱȣʹ˲ˣ
ʲô书
߹˼;ۡ
Ѫˡ
Ŷ˶ͣ֡壬̿ûʲôˣǷֵ֧ߣꡢؿ˰ѻˣޱ˰һáԾ¡
߹㱻Сҧˡ߶ζ֪
Ҫܡ߹һƿ
߹߾綾ޱȣûнҩŶ͹ԹҵĻеź߹ҾŶߣܶ޷񣡡
ʦѾƲŷ߹ߡ
Ŷָס˺߹ѨǼ˻̱Ŷȴú߹Ѫࡰס߹Ѫ
Ŷá̽ס߹
ΪΣס
ŷš
˵ȻϲϽлҲһܡŶת
ŷŭѾͷҰѰɽܣҪʲôŶӶܸ㣬㻹Ҫ
Ŷüȴ᲻ŭ𾿾⡣
īָס˹ܰʲôһ涼ɱĲ̡Ŷָʲôתǰ˵·в֮Ȼá
߹ȥҵĴաŶͻȻתҲϡ
Ŷμˡ
ҺͲ֪ԭɾսıûʲô˵
ıŭƽ𲽣֪ңҲ֪ǰ书ʤˣҲǴϻ۾׵һ̩ɽкκҵΪңС㻹ţ
ŷ治ɵϸ
жӼ˴󣬼ǰС㣬˵ĺŲߵģǱҵطľȣҪʱ䣡
ƽŶŷֶ
С㡣һ
ʲô죿
ƽͷаʱĴиĵǲ֪
ȥƶ棬һпܡ
ǡͲƽͷַؿڡ
ŶǶˡҹģˣȻá򹻵Ļ͸Ъ˰ɣˣү

ŷü
ŷ

 71 

ף
ǰӻ顣ŷֶˮþŶæѰҡ
īתСΪβҪҲǹġ
͵һۡϴβҪ˵ȥĮȥμӵĻҪȥʬŶ˵Ҳ֪Ǹˡ
ŷбƽ޹ʵĺϽлһΪΰ
뵽߲ŶŶ˵ҪҲȱ澭ǰĮ˫ַϲ衣
ŷָָǣһԡҲ֪ʹĮϵҲǱѰģԡ
ԲҪӡǳǳһڲ衣
ʦԼ֪ջĿ⡰С㵲
īбսΪҪǷŭѾڣǺͷֱȫɥʧ
ȥɡŷ֡
ˡ˳˴գš
ž
صϣӳΪʷ
ƺܽ䴩ҸŶȻΪģܸ㣬Ҳܲ

ôױƢſڳİȹ䡣
ơ
ֱ
ʲôŷ̬ȡ
˰Ŷϲˣ
ѾͷŷȻĻִ
߹书ʧˡŶһѵùϲ𣿡
ģŷţɫҲһ
Ŷ߹书ûˣû˻һµһ˰ɣСҧˣûѾˣҪ书
ȷڴ˴ȥһǿУҲսˡ
߰˷֡ŶͷҲֻڣͽиأûҩʦҩ洫ʲôطκ
깻ˣŷЦҲҿභһˣ
˶ţŷĸˡ
ҪŶ֪ʱϻе飡
ⶼ㰲š¡пյĻĬдƪ
ЩȿŶѾĬдһЩˡģһڹĬ
úúãŷֽ˹۾벻ˡ
˳˿
װϡ
ɻδվȣȹѾָ⻮˿е쬣īڿзתȹȡ
̤ҿƽ
ζ·𿴼ȹϷˣ
ɵıŭЦ󡹦
ָɷĸצ˺Ӳİ
ӦʱָָѾǳǳץסʺ
Ϊ𣿡ЦЦһеϸ
ؤȴֻи󡹦Ŷ̾Ϣѧĳɾ֮ϣΪҲֻʱ䣬澭书᣻ϰĹ򷴳塣
常ȴ澭ŷ档
书Ϊ߳ࡣŶջ֡ǲѣԣأ˵˲üѧҪ˵ˣڵѹ澭ϵķ㡭ЩɣŻҿڹķ飬㲻԰Ϣ
һȾЦ⡰лӣ
ҧС𣡡ŶŭȡŷˣǿͰϣڽǻһ̤жİ
أͲģʺȣҲ֡
¹Ŵü΢Ŀڿȴ಻ڣį˿ۣȹ΢չһǾ仰֮ϣҶڵڵҪ
ȹתء
Ŷ
ͣ֡
ī˫ֺգҾޱȡлŶ
лңҹ롮ȡԵ໽顣䣬ȹ

ĵʻȥȻ˵Ĳ᣻ڼȵĴʩ»ǿ֧š
޴£߹ɾͷǳˡ
Ŷͷɫء˵ܿ߹ǳãŶĶľѪеӮǿѵһս
ҩŶüšǴҪޣʱϲȻѾȥˣǲ֪ܷʱ
߹ɫף촽ˣһҹ֮ͷ˲١
ĳżˣ߹ЦѾͷһֱ㲻϶ǰݶڿȻˣҶôˣʲô͸ģǲٳԵԧ⣬Ŀ
ʦ㲻Ҫô˵һֱд㲻ҪµģŶ˵ǲǡ
Ҫ߹֡ûµģҲѹ
лţ˴գŶ
Ŷϴ
ƵЩãȻ£
ˡŶ𲽡ǷĲǡ
ˣȻùһЩ
ܿ콫
ʦź߹䣬̱롣
ԡ߹
֣һûˣעӹ磬ʲôˣʦôˣ
˾Ŷ֪θ
߹ס˻ءҺ϶䰡ȻСıҧһڣµģͺˡ
˵ɣص۾
ʦ˷ˣ쳣
б۾Ŷǲ㣡
ضæ֡
ȴģ˹֣һסŶ죬ء
Ŷûܣһ¡
ضĲ顣߹סΡûҲ¡ȿȡ
ʦؼҵĿŶ߹ߡ
߹һںѪӿѪ˿оȻ˿˿ɫ
ʦǼʶĻҲ˹
Ŷֿ˼
Ҳ˾ŶĲʡǲǻܣ
ҲΪ߹˹ƶͼ񲻼ãʤѩļӰ׵ûѪɫˡ
û¡ŶƽϢ¡ȻƹﵽˣҾȥ͸ˡ
֡ƹŶԼ廹أԺǰ͹лģˡ̲סΪ⡰ȻǣŶѾˣû꣬Ρ
ŶƹЩҩֻȡ߶֢״Ҹ֪ǡؿһơ
ܲ˲ţֻܷȥ
ضҲЩġŶΪʦƶ
硭ǰ˲š
ɶ񡣡ػÿɶ϶Ȼʦ˳
ض𡪡ź߹ԻȻ֪Ȼ¿ĴϣҲþŶ̫ˡ
ԼѡġزʴȣתšߣȻʦҲҪ취һأȻ书ûŷߣŻЩСܶһġ
㲻Ҫ߹ҲĹơĪ˵϶ﱾˣǸСӡ
ֻŷˣѿڡŷŲء
Ȼ⻰˵ģ߹͹ȴҲ˾ãСӣŶԻỤסŷˣƴҲģ

 72 

ԥǷҪȥ
Ŀ߳üͷȺϣ첽ϵࡰôˣ
ӻδã˹Ϊ߹ƶЩԹҲñ˵ãǸûнţȻžĲˡ
ҪȢ˭ҲסƽĿԶˣҸ˰Լˣϲҵм
ĿۡȥŹƷ
˸ˣͿԼˡ
ƹѿˣµһЩ
ǵĴĲĿûп
߳գʪĿ
ؿڵıƲһЩ
̾ˡ
Ųǰѹǰ˭ǻģ֪ǸϴеΪܻչգ
ʵĲĴŶδĹ۲һֱΣڿǼ̳˷Ǳ߶һЩ˵ͳĺԼƵĶ࣬ŷ棻ҲǼǶ˵ŵ㡣
˵˴飬ŷˣȻҲһ˫
ָ֣ǰȴմ硰˫մŮӣ΢ǰԲ֪Ժ󻹻жֺα֪Ҳ֪
ɿס󡰾Ŷ
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ŶͷҲ˵ԲԵĻڣȻš
ǲԸȻס󣬵¶ȵ͵Ĵ̹ǣĵ顣
һֱˣ֪ʲôžͲŰɡַſɵһɬҲ̹ȻĽ̬ȣչȡ书ãֱˣҪ룬вߵĵ常ҲľͿˣԱ˶Ψ㲻ͬ뼸ԡ
ʲô˼
£תٶȼȵļͷ
Ҫߣ˵ˣŶֲԿصĶŭҪĨǵİʾҵĴڰ׷ȵ£š
Һʱ˵Ҳתһֱڿޡ㣿ǿ㡣
ǻ˵֪ΪʹѵĶл˶Ұ£߾ǣ
ǰĮһӣصһӣ˭㸻󣡡ҲĿڲԡķۣǸù˽
ž
ִߡ
δҲļջˡ
¹ʤѩϻ䡭
ȹǰת롣

յˮһС
ʪ˼գ
Ⱦ£
ˣ
ʹ飻
ģ
ݺݵĽ̳飬õǸģȴԿء
֮⣬¹ʲô£ڣ
飬ƢҲǺܺãĻţأ͵͸ӿ
ȲǸ˰㣻ǲ֪
ǷƢ
ðɣȶģƹеĶԻǵһαжҲ֪ˡ˲ɡĵҲ֪ģһֱô˵¡
ǡΪ
ڷһЩ
ԴʼͲãע⵽ˡ
ΪԸһף
ʼսŻأ
ڷͰٳɻ£
Լ
ֻΪԼҪȫȻԼ뷨ˣӵ֪ˣȴһ֣ٳɣ
ʹʹˣҲ޷޷ˡûѡûԥ˲ɣ
Ŷ
֪ԼСݣȴҪٳɻ£ףϲˣصǸĴ鶼ܣ
ԼڲԵ˵ʲô
οһֱΪȣ
ǵģء
ڿɺãǳġ
ίɡ

һȭڴϣʹ֣ȴиʹ
ŵġǾƣǾš
ָ߬

 73 

ĵ
ƽĵ˻ĵǸϵߡ
Ŷкüĺ̡
ǳ޴ˣ˶˴
ŶѾϵ̽·ĴҲ֪ʲôΣա
غ͹ź߹´
ŷҲŷһ´󴬡
ŵ
ϵ뿴һµļ́ͷȴͻһ޴ʯͷڵϵĸߴţü֪ΪһɵĿۡ
ԾĶţɻ
ܣػؾʯϣĪĿһʹΪΣǲǿʯͷΪĿھʹ𣿣
ǲֳˣѾǶԱܿ˶Է԰䡣
˿ѥ̤ڵϣš
ɵ̾㰡־ǿأ¼𣻾Ͳܸ˰벽
ԱŮȻ˵ãٲ˵áңǲ䣡
ľԼˣǲ˱Ťˣ͵ǳͽһλүɣ
ŷȻԵΨһɽռ
վŶķԸ´ɨһЩƷ룻򵥵Ŀס¡
Ǵ˵Ĳ٣Ҫأϼסˡ
ǶڵӪ
ԵҲõģЩҰζҲ㣻ϻЩˮԴ
տ޺ãŷţζĿžŶĬд塣
ҪաŶء
һءǿЩ
Ŷסͷ
ԼҲڲˡŷ濴ֽ㡰ɫ׵ѪɫˣŶҶԹΣԼҪأ֪
ǣлġĸǾ澭ŶȻǳĵ򦡰Ů֪𲽣ȥҪһЩ顣
ȥ󣬾ͲԳŮˡĿδ־ƶ硰ֶϱԼΪŮġ
ԺеϱһΡŶȥ
ǶԵڰĶš
ֳˣ
΢Ȼ顰Щ硣
أԿɲˡˡ澭֣ͲΪ˷ˡ
ϧ
Ҳգ
ӡ
īסȥ

жȥ
ɽһƬյڶǰɽˣż׵׼ҹޡ
ӡ˼ͷ
Ŷأīǰ
Сȥ߹ˡ෴һָ
ԶǼǱд⡣

ʦ
ŶתǾί߹ڴϢˣҩˣԻ
ί߹ؽŷܱȵġë̺ůָкüˣᡣ˵أֻ䣬̺ˡϽлⱲӻûܹ
ǵȻǰϸǵ̺һǧƽһŷ񡰼ϡ٣ǻҹƷ
ǧƽ𰡣
ȻҲﲻ䱦һ̺ӻҪôǮ
ŷһɨĶȥˣѾͷƶˣܲ
ȥҩˡŶ˼ȣȻŲºлԼأ
ŷ𻡶ȣЦǰϢɣǾͲˡ
áıȭ
Ŷδְһѡ
лҪ͹˵ŶȻûп֡
īһתѥжȥ
ҧ
ĿɨƼûУɻҰ֣
Դ˶ԷȵͷĶˣˣ˲ȥ
ǹ϶˼ֲԡŶҪ
ʱ£취ȹ˵¡ŶҩҲ֪ʱܵЩ˵ڹҲᡭҼǵ澭˵ƪ㱳߹Լжϡ
𣿺߹̧ͷд£
Ҳ𡰶ԵģҶˣŶѵǣ̱
߹ɷ˹Ŷ֪߶ѾˣʣµЩѪжҲд󰭡
ѾͷϽлǷһ飡ҪģϲǷˣ߹Ҫģ
΢ЦŶ뵽ǰֻأ
߹ҲЦ𣺸ɴ࣬ˬ죡ϲ

 74 

Ƨһ
ŷ濴ǰĻءüҳ𣿡˴ӲɫǰǿڻаϣԺ󲻻ˣ
ŷЦʵֻһܡ
л˵ϻ
йؾ澭¾ġز
俴˼һ
̸֪㣬Ϊ뱻ˣҺ;绹ʦУҪĲƽһŵ
ʲôŷͣס֡˵
ϲϴӦػС
˵
ؼϹ𷢡Ҫ֤˺ˣ˽ϰȥ
ŷۣϽл书ȫʧѾΪ壬󱲡Сӣ
ӦԶ֪ǸܡͻȻذǳʺ
Ȼ˵棬ŷ֪ԵһǴ£ʹӦƾǻۻСӣһɣʱһɱ澭ŷҶеˡãҴӦ㣡
һԡ
һޣ
أ֣ӻóһŷƵֽ¾ʵ˺ȥһҳ÷粢֪͵ľ˴ҳǰЩӴɨҵš

ŷüŽɡ
ҵңûˡһƬġǵʱǿ鲻ңһ͵͵˺һҳõע⵽ûУ֮ͱ͵ȥҳֽһֱڵϡ
ҡԭˣҲǿܵģҩʦۼŮҲа
ŷһȥᡣ
Ʊţ˺
ҳֽƮȥ
ԭվĵطȻǸεĶ£ǰѹ֪
ŷʲôˣṦã׷ȥ
˺ĻǷ˹ĺ⣬ǰذף˹ĻչǸִ
һ죬ǿ鱾յľ޴ʯͷʧȥС
ͳŷȥ
书߳˼ȴ׷ֽϣҲŵľ޴춯ʱǾʯѾ棬书ٸҲ޷Ѫֵ֮סǷµӴʯ
Щ֮ʣһ˫ֱ˴ƿ
Сģ
¡

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ʲô
߻ɽȴƺ˽͵ǹʹٶǴȥ
¡
ŷڵأѸٺˡ
ʯڲԶ
ȥĨ¡ŷˣ
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ŷ澪ˣ
ŷƿԼʯѹס
˶һ¡
ߣʯ£һȱѹݡ˼ˣҪϵģǶһ˫ã
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ͻȻǧסŷ˵ĸزסˡû£常û°ɡԭֱ۲䣬˵ůѪ롢ǶʹҪȥˡ
أŷŭСӣҲʰˣ
ŷʹѵг
ȻȡŷŭѡҶں󣡡ǧжйߡ
ӣ
ŷȻʹָ֧Īĸж֪
ŷĿһۡ
Ŀӣtġ
ŷȥʯͷʯͷĹڳأ书ƶӣ𶯣ȥƿ
ƽһĸף
ΪԼ˽ǣеϣʵˡ
𶯰ŷ˿Ҳ˷ִ硰ϧҴϽлȻĳһġֱסӣΪܿˡ
࣡ŷȻʹľҪȥȻǿţдЦΪ飬Ӹ˶ҲΪˡ
ŷʹļס˵ˣͽȥ

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ǿʯͷ
Ҫ
ŶʹĲԿأ
Ҫ
Ҫǰ㣻
Ҫ
ȹ
ɳеѪ죬Ѫģȡ
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ڸʲôȥŷһӷ·㣬̽Ĵ
ҧס촽Σ
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жģ
û¡ˣеůһ㡣
ȥ
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ŶѾŲסˡˡ͵˵
ָۣ
촽ӡڱϡ
һ˿ů㻺С
˯ȥҶ㣬ҽ㣡
˿ȴǣĿοʵ¾ֵġ
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ŷ
ŷ˳˯ȥ
ŷ濴ŰȹߵʯͷǰĿϸϸĴķҲ֪Ƕŷҩа취ǽʮơ
ȴŶķƯϢýµɳӲϵķȥ
ȫͬȥɫ
˫ƻ
ƾԼŷ涼޷ľʯ
ˣ
µɳӱһ壬Ȼֹͣ˷룬·Ǳ޴ѹѹƽء
ȹչϣ϶Ʈߡ

һ
߷ԲɳӶǿӰһ˲䱬ѿ
ɳʯȻľΧɳ;ʯ桭
߹͹˵Ĵãϵ˺̲ߣǰһоס
δλҲĴѰңȴԵĹһĻԣ
ɳɢ
ʯȻõĳС

Ŷǣ̧ˣѹ
Ŷ
Ƕ֪룬ôһܹۡ
СġŶסһ磬һЩūһƶǿ޴ʯͷ
һŸڳ°ѾʵѾʣ۾ı
ݿյɳӸʱ˿϶
Ǽ˳
ŷһѱʲôĳɽȥ

 75 

ܰڱǼ䣬ůḧӵŮĹӶ̾Ż˵ů
һ˺ĵʹ־ء
ʹۡ
ʤѩӾͰĿָ֣գָӳŮ֮İ޳ļ֬򦣬ںڵ˿
еָĴţնһΡ
΢ü
촽΢ᡪ䣻
ˡ
ļ־嶼ͨԵĴš
ɵմΪ顣
ʪ
΢̡
ˣһߵǰ
塭̧
˫类סӣô常ڴ˿͸һ˿顰аɣ˶
ӿһϮůʪ

ȻڴʯѾһĿϵ飻ɵů⻯ѩ
ŷ濴ԴѪӣܲƿԼɫȴڼΣʱ˷ܲиӹѪͨȻӿĶӣ
ӡɵĵһοڳݣӦõġ
ŷȻЩǱȴЦĿաЩʡ
ŷùһߵĲˮŶЩˣ˻ȵ
ˡֽӹеһζĹػǿĲ衣
Ϊκȴ·ˮ̡
ллʵ޷ǵЦ⡣
ѾͷȻѡŷ濴ջرס֣ʵڲǱ裻漴ֽ豭ӹŻϡ
ҲҪǵЦҲŨֹҲȷʵ۾ˣҲ˵崬ĵ⼸ղҲδá
˶ǷŮӣŷϾ߳Ļĺܣġ
Ӳ֪ϻ˭ˡŷָ֣Ậڴ䡰Ը÷ĵģǵΪѡģͲѵǶ
ŷкãƺǺأҲҩȴѪ˿¶ʹ𣿡
ʹġæҡͷģһ㶼ʹˣ
ŷֽסģҲŹǸСӵģ
أ
ξǻаԵˡ
˺˺ѵ˭
һסߵŷ桰ˡ˻أػᷴػΪѰɣ
ôˣ̫Сˡ
ĿԳ˯ϣ̧ԼٴοеҡͷҪȥ
ŷ˿Ҳ÷ֻŭ
ˣ˼
лȫµıӦ
ˡʳ̽ʦˡ
룬ʳ̷£Ȼ˯Ŷ
ȴ衣
Ŷвת
ҲȻĳء
Ҫ˯ȥԱ˯ŷ潫ʳ̷ŷǰ
ַŶôˣ
ŶЩ֪ϦǺ조ͬȥ洵硣
ô硣ǣҡ
ơš
¡֪Ϊͻ˼ȡ
⡪Īģǡ
ͷһۣȹӰ
ŷ涼о䵭

Ůĺ룡
Ĳ֪׶ٲ㣬ǰ뻹Ϊ顢еͻͱӰԣ⵭ǳ
Ī˵ػһ硣
⡪ΪΣ

 76 

⡣
Ŷ
ˡˣ˿Ҫ
ȥұԡ˪棬ȹѩ
⣺ô֪ĵľţΪҪ
Ŷüһ᲻˽
˲ΪҲء
̾ģŶ˻أᡭ
ᣡҲ֪㻹֪ôĶΪŷҲƲŹˣأ𣿺߹书ɥʧΪ壡
ΪξͲһأǲΪѡѵɱ˻زܱѾ׷ˣǹΣҩʦǱΣ
ҪԼŶסⲻأǣŷΪأ˿ˣ㼸ʱˣ
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㲻ǰȹģܳһˡ
Ŷ󺣡ԲŲҲǼ
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Ȱȴϵŵ˵һĺû
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Ů֮䣬㲻ȥأ
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紵˶˵ķԸ

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ǰԿԷģҲ׷ġȻȻٶйӡ
˻صǰ
硣Բ
ִĽչ˫ۡ㲻ضŶ
Ҳԣ䵭ĺܡ
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ѵˣ
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׵ֹαҷ񡣡Ҳ˵áԼ˭ֹ

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ϱûֱϵ顣ŶΣɱˣǵĻҲǸĸ֮ˣ
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Ŷ˵ˣ䲻ǣԻžŶһЩҲҪ㻤ţŷ棬Ҫɱɱܺ;һһ޺
ʧЦεҡͷ
´޴ġءѷҲ벻ת
Ǻá̽ӿڡ
Ȼ±á۵ֻ뿳ȥźá
߹ǺεЩСŮ֮ʱһȻˣԼӲЩ鰮ˡˣŷˣģЩҪ˵ڣصĺܣ
ǣлǰԡж㡰иǡ
ؿǿ̵ģס˹֡
ͷôˣ
ˡıӰ
ˣ𣿹Щ˵ض
ǸҵСΪˣõĵط룻ǵģֻǵɣǿŲ塣
ֻѩڹ¼ţں䣻ġ
Ƕ˶Щ·ҪߵģܼᶨĪƵȥ
߹ĲҲЩĲ̣üа࣬˼ǣˣҲĳͷ˰ɣǰ̫࣬¸صСӹ㡪
ŷˣҪúȥĪ׷˰
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߹ۣͷĨٻӰȻһֱеĻԹ䣻Ĩ£Σأ

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ˣ߹ҲϾɳ

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ںޱߵĴϣٴĴһСۡ
СүǶԴ񡣡
˿ƽĺһҺĴ󴬳˷ˣ֪ǰһҲȥ￴ѧҩʦĹҲǷܴӹѧаա
ǾŶĺ񡣡Э֪ô޴񿥵ĴڽϱͲҪ˵ڴ˶֮ߣһ·ȥҪȥͶ
վڶװݵҲʣиĨֽѩٻӰȥ
ǲҪȥһЭվһ㡣
˵ȥ͸ȥɷ˵Դضȥģϴ̫ŷ˵˲βˣԲȥŷˣŶȹȻأҪɴ»һλɽܲţҪɾʹ¾Ҫͣ
βҪͣҪֶεȥõʱӵұɽ˾Ͷˣ
ת򡪡

ҲУ
ôԣȶһվһϣ
Уձ̣
˳̶ȱԤڵҪصĶࡣҡͷðճض㸲ԼϣҲǴ粽á
㲻õģѾɴӣֻҪʻָλþͿɡҲֻһױ
˲ƽλã⴬ڵˣ
ͼӰӵޡš
õҶˡָЩˡһûˣ
Ȼһֱ鶼а취޲ߵľء
ΪҪһа桯֮ȫڰߣֻ¡һˣԼ˿õľء
һ
Ǻǽˣ
˶иʧǲһڱˣ
С㣬ڴ¡ƽһͷ󺹵ͷ˵̱ȥ޴ˡҴ㣬лҪ˵
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ȲأϥţѪλðȾһЩɫɷףüͷǿš
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Ŷȫ¡˵ʲôѽ˵ԸΪ˱֪ѪֹҲ˵
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ܣĪ㡣
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ӿҵĻ棬һһ˿ײС
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ЩԺ˵Ҫǡ
ŶһЩͲߣɱ˻أӲʱҪǺã
ΣĽ͡˵˭㣬͵
ɱֹ
ѪϬ˺½
еĿᶨбѩ˪׻飡
ˣ
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Ử䣡
ˡԼȻģһף
ʧЦ˾Ȼܵ໤
Ử䡪ƽ˺ǻҪ
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Ը⣡
лˣԼкã
ĪûԼκһлˣǿ࣬ҲҪ
㲻Ըϸů紺ġ㲻Ը
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ĸ֮ý֮ԶûŶء
Ϊ֣ŷҲԹ
Ǳʹû壬ķС
ŷˣ


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ʦʲô飿̫ΪҪ˴
Ҳűµľʯܵģôһž߿ˣ
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ּ䣬ȴЩ
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Ҳ־ʯĺ߹Ȼһ֮ϻתɻ֤Ŀ⣻ɵĳ˼
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ض˵Ŷǿļ˶˺ѣΪʯȻ㣻ȴֱһ߿ˣ
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һҪúòϸ
ʦͻض̬ȼᶨҲֻհ졣
˹ƣ׳
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ɽӡ塪졣
ҲʮʮƴȫѾԼе
ȴҲ֪Ǵǿʯġ

סˣʯͷıȻѿһ޴ķ϶ɳʯоȫ㵹䡣
ź߹˺
Ҳˡ
ʯ޷ܱкµɳӳѷȫ˿
ʯ·һֻļǼǰ
Ƕ޷ſ顣
ɶȥЩЩʯͷϸɳʵǲɳͺ̲ϱվóˢɳȫͬпɳĶСʯӣһǿɳʦ̧ͷ߹ô᣿찡ϸ﾿̺εȻʯڲ飬ֹǴ飻ĥһʯͷȻʯҲǾʯڣʯڲǱȫģ
õʲô书
ȥѿʯͷǣȫʣ±һǣֲþһƾͻ
߹Ҳšܽڲöڵ书
һʣЩ漴ƺƺĹ򣬽ѽӾǲʹڿڱߵĶҪʱ벻ˡ
ľѧѾͷµһˣ߹һɳ
ŤͷʦŲأôܻµһԼĹûа취ֿһʱŶĻǱˣײϡ
߹Ц㻹ţҹδʧҲ޷ʯͷ⾰Ҳ첻ϵۻԣһָֻôʯͷѿѡŷˣҲоŶٴεľˡ
ػЩɻʦ᲻ʯͷ汾ģߡ
߹ҡͷ
Ҳ֪Լ뷨ʯͷȾǸղŵָУԼӲޱȣ
ƣϲɫʦǴƣ澭һŹͻͬԣȴ˿ˣûģǴƣ߾ʱܷڶ⣡
˫ɳϲ֮ɫŶǴȻѾ澭е书ܴȻû˵ҿζϲϵġ
߹źǴ󾪡
˴˻Ķߡ磬˵ˣܹĿļס澭ô̶̼ܶվľ书߾أ
ȴҡͷôͻǴأ˵ˣ⻯ʯʯ
ȻûмǴ߹Ҳٴȷ
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Զ
ˣֻҪŷСû¾ͺˡ߹֡иôǶҪˣ
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Ŷǰͣ
ȥŷȴþδ

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ǰɽŷɣ´տֶŷ˵֪ѡ´ϹϾҾ
ŷ۾һĿȻӢȴıģ
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ŷͷôˣչ˿˶
Ŷһܣ޾ףΪ֮
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˶ôˣŶɫŷЩ⡣
ѾֹסѪѪҲǺΣյġŶݽǡֱҩҲ
ˣǵҵĴǻȥ֪ʲôƺҪ̻ȥ
ŷŶ¾;µȴ޺ٻأ˼̴Ĵ½ߡ

ŷ˱ϴ̷˲᣻ϲͷ
ڴת𺽡
ҪڴˣŶΪҪڼװ壬ô顰㻹ǻزհɡ
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ӶǲһװĽ۰㲻һϷԣôϡ
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ݵȻ书ʲôҾûԸҵһˮȡл˵ʵ㲻Ҫ֣ڹµٴϼաĿⲻɵתˣֿΪڹµļôҹҸֵļ졣
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ŷ֡ǣЩûˡǲԸԣǾŶˮڴϳԲͲˡ
𡣡ȿζˬڵĺܡŶҲһڡ
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Ŷţע
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ŷǷ˹˰׹צ粻ڶķץס΢Цлˣ뻹ڼװϺ;Ŷһ𴵴硣
ݺסһֱʹѵҪǿ̣г
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Ǳġԣ˵ˣ˯ˡ
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λʹҲȥ˼Σɶ޹պҲŶ֪ĺ
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պҵͷһŷ;ŶĴ𸴡
Щ˶ȥˡ
š
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ŶҡͷĲҽǶƣɵ̾ԺҪѧЩҽ֮ղͬȻκùӵˡ
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Ҳ𣿡Ŷߵŷߡ͹ӣ±˼
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˵ĻĴβˣŶУŷߣȻӿ˾Ŷ֣ɨһŮĲзŮԸ⣬һԸأ
ŶҲյֹڲԡһ䣬ٵðֵƪ
ҪŶŷס常ĻҲû
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ŷ˵;飬
֮һжֽΪŮ§ͷĪˣƢֲǲ֪粻ģΪԺҲ֪Ҫжˣ
㵹ԵСˡͷһաЦЦЦʲôЦģֲˣЦĳ
ܰ㿿ٽǳĻɱϾ㶼߶ߡϴδʱŷԣϣܸ㣬ܲ
ߣŶһ¡˵ĺĪҪˣͿˡ
¹Щü
ĵģŶƿưŵģô˵İҲˣ
ǳЦǣ𣿡
ԸˣǣŶֱҲùȻҲҪµģ
ʵҲ㣬պҲиõ;˫Ҳ°빦ϵԽԽãκοܣҪԣ
ǡŷȻһȣǻ壺տ;Ŷͬȥȡ飬ԾŶǷ֣ҶŮˣȻܿˡԻպ㡣
黹Ϻá

 81 

պҿˡ
԰ͬСүһǰ͢ȡ飬ǶүŶҾү㿴ɺã
պҲ⳶һǣһվŵ֪˼ȥ֮ʶԾŶʩչ˭֪Ȼ˵ŷ棬˿ļƻ
չ΢Цãŷİضܿȡ
Ŷŷ浽һߣ
ŷͷš
ǡɳͨ˿ľȻͬһ㣻ŷ濴ıȻǵͬܶ˿
Ŷſŷ棬Ҿ
ʹˣǾԶŷҲתպҲŭҲҵˣƭŷ˻ûأ
һ仰ˡ
ѾȥѾˡպŵĲȻߵһˤ˳ȥ
ǡɳͨ졢ЭˤǱŶЦڡ
Ѿͷչ˺ÿ˶ŷƵĿǲ˲ӡ
ŶͷŶԸٻأκùˣջذɽ

ǸԶ׼Ҫˡ
ͬķ
һɴʰؽļձߴż˿ʹüģ˵ţһ
Ŷ̧ͷۼֱ𵱳Ϸ˵Ŀǡưɫҵˣ
ϷҲЦ조Ŷûġ
ŷ˲ЦϴֻѾͷô٩ˡ
տ˹
Сү񣬻رȥ
ΪŷЩŶ׼
ΪŶƥѪԣҲǧһĸߴɫƥ
Ŷûп°
ŷǺøüʣлأŷоŶ˶ŮòͣҲǳƫֻǸͷ죬˵ãǰĵŮҲٵģ˵غ;ŶͲˣرǾŶŷʲôɻһΪξŶͲҵأ
ŶСү֮ô˵һƽùˡ
оŶ棬֮ʲô̾Ϣ
¹ǰģСү֪ءŶƵһߣҲǣСүлܵȫˣһʲô
ȫ˺ʲô桰ǳǳһЦҪ
ţŶ˰֡Сүǿޣˡ
ŷЩգȻϷδķˣ
˵¹ҲǺþδˡ˵֪ɺá
ŶһᡰţҴҲԶүһ۰
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ŷҡͷЦүȥȡ¹شǲҲϸϸ㣿
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ϵŽŷšɹѾʼүڼеҪǱ飻˵˽ء
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ŶȻĸСë
ң¹ǲǸ档ŷԳšĵҲΡ
պҿɲҪ̫ˣһ׶ɱˣʲôʱôѾã᲻ᷴͶɹţʱ
Ҳʱ
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һ㲻ϲġˡǻرΧĳǶαضһۣﻹأ
պңﻹϣȻһ
СүĺˣҼҹһ·Իչ¹ġŶһɷ㻹ȥȡɣȻռ㡣
ŷˣ
ԼպʣҪЮŶ飻Ͱȳ¶ˣŶͿˣвԸպңɶ
Ŷߵߣϸļһ顰ȸоΣ
ɡȻʹŶ˵ԸʹиоҲù֪޾
ȥһ·֪ΣŶеġ
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ѵŮӿ˵ˣ˵ƯˣǸҫˣȥ߹䣬ڵľŶЦɫü䶼Ǳѩ⡣
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ȼģƺˣֻܽӲĳ
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 82 

ҲıҲ书Ŷ书ҲΪ棻书ȻˣûУŮҲǱı簢õȸŮˣŮܳٸպΡ
պùӵƣ˼׷Ź
԰Ҳÿǡ
ŷŶԣⶾѾͷϱܼ޸˭
ӱ޵ĺǵһǰ͢

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ϸıӰǰеĵ˼֡
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Ϊ˾ŶɡҲĳ̫ܸˣպҺ˿̶ҪŷȻʹʣŶֻ
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ҹŮӵ顭ìʼնڰɣ
ΪҪʱ䣬ǲδЪ޿ջֻŹٵһ·ҹޡ
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ôˣҵ˿ڻûаءŶͷ·ˣѩ׵ļӨ͸
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ǡشһ
պҲ۵ɨˣ
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ʲô˼Ȳк塣
ղպвʱôŶȥƥôû֣Ҫ˰ɡ
ˡŶʲôµУôأ
һոµ˼ʻһС˹
Ŷ΢΢һЦԹԸߣ֪ԼСүеĵλɡ
Ŷŷ̬ȣҲ֪Ϊ˲ܡ
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պȻҲ쳣ĳ֣Ŷȥǣ֪ţ鶼䣬ôࣻȾ˰ɡ
ĪҪྩ󣬸ԼҪĺաŶԴϬ˵ʲôԼͱŮ˲ͬĻǡ
ⲻѡ񣡡ȭȥ鷴ãֻΣ
ŶǣЭ˶ֽŷ˷ȥɱպңȻɱΪҵͶΣΪˣֺκִԲ˵ҲɾĪڳˡ
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ߴ

 83 

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ҲĶպҿһۡ
ŶһָͼСﶼѾɹ˿Ƶģ·ˣǱƿɽУɽɽƵү߻ɲ㣬ǲͬУүҲİɡ
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үҪҼˣ̧үŶһ˵ˡ
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պҿɹžһصʬ壬ͷδʮˡ

ŷƿߵˣǰŮӣķ˲ɣ
һʱ䡭
ķ䣬˿Ǳȴ޷ӿʪ󣺾Ŷ

 85 


պεĹýڹĿԶԣȨȫع鵽С
վ΢ʵͼǰݣʱɹžıң
ЭͼǶͷǡ
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˿̣վſڡ
ǰĻŷȾһ


 86 

ʲôɵģ
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үоŶϢŷҲŵˣ¶ұˣǲӰһ̾͸
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ûʲôԲҵѡ񡣡ԼȫˮУҲκˣ

 87 

ʮ
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 88 

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ˡЦţָȥü˰ɣüˣˣҪȥصأҪȥѩɽ漴쿪˫ۡȥʥ֮أϴȥһУģҲģ
֣ƺԽǺȸʹ죡ʲô鶼ûˣûˣһжûˣˮ봽ڡ
˽īȣĶЦտİȹá




ơߡ
ڶ˸ˡ
պҡȡ˹
ȼš
Ҳ˿ܵȴû뿪˵ļ
صľ̳߶Ĩˡ
ǧ˿Ʒ˼δӰ٣ڰ㣬˼˼Σϧδͨ仨ֻŨеߣһһ飬ǳͳš
ŷ˿˿ҵľŶһӵڻУЦ⡣
Դ֮޴ˣۣŰ˵½ŷˣôĲɣЦһ£Ľ̬
ǰ˼ͣĢ́
ĺܣŶֹЦģз·𱻳һǧΡŶ
ˣǳˣǺãŶ𡰶ԲԣԴ֮ŷˣҲǺã͸ˣˣˣ
ȥӰ˻ŶС
˶ǰİӾˡֻһ£û̬ʮͣ˫ĿбɣĿţȴӢˣϷδ磬ٲȻһλ
ŷˣ

˵Ŀڶ֮вͣĻת
Ŷ۵Ϊվȡ
أ
ԼǷǹʦ
조ֵܣľľתסˡ
ôܣ
Ҳ޷ǰġ
ãīī񣻰ѥ̤ء
˭պȷӦ
˿һΧΧĽ
סŶŵĵ򦣻һڱ׼ĺ½롤ɣѡ
ӡǳϤ֡
뺬ЦǾŶе
Цݶһģһȴټа
Щʧ롣
ŷˣô¹ô죿ȥƽ룬ɨôڲƶҺȹˡ
ôƣһ۵ϵľ̳
ôࡣīһתˡ
һȼյַסƿ˽ľŶȵô
Դ֮޴ˣŶӴеůϢеľⶼˣ˰ĵĳ˯ȥ
СġּۿĽĻ˯̱˽סҴûмĺȳ˹ûмôġ
üĳɫֹֻעѾǵ˯֮ա
պҲӴصأǲӵĳƺŻĿ
˽ľ붼̲ס١Ҳˣ
㾿Ǻˣʹ
ŰתŷŶĴ׵ĲھӣŷɽˣصǰɽС㡪ŶԼнڡ֪¿ɷݼһ常
ҵģŷ˿ǰӣĽ˳
ͻȻһѪɫ塣
ָź߶תϣϣĸңˣԣɵģ
ָһɣе䡣

һ
볾
ǸˣٲȻǲ˵Լ
˫ȣǷŶԼԲλࣻӵ˺Ƿ߷߱ŷˡ
ˡ


ͳһ˫ʮʮĹ
뵥ַžŶ˹
Ӳסն
˵ĹȻ൱
һ˿ߺޣ˹
֮;Ȼŷ˴˳ȥ
ʦæ
ŷ˻䣬Ҳһƿŭžˣ˵书ȻҲ˵ã
ֽʮɵĹˡ
뱧ŶŶ֮ˣ
ž
Щ㶡
Ŷŭš˵ѣ
ŭмȼ

 89 


ŶͷأҩҲûá
ߵλŵǰīȵĲӡ
ҪѾȫû뷨ˣŶͷĽϣ׼ʮ˸Ҫ㡣
أ
ҧ㡣Ŷѿڡ
ŶȲ衰á
ʲôӣŶɫЩ԰ףǷ˽ҩǻָһЩֱӽ룬Ҷôġ
Թ㡣ǳòŶ˵㣬չˣڴлˣ
һҾ
룬չң£Ҫ񡣡Ŷǳ⡰Ƥǲǣ
ƤʹǺ׵ģƵĵš
ҶǸˡŶε
˭ʱأѽ뵱ˡ
ҪҲԼãúõĺ벻ʲôŶָ·ȫǰ׵ģ㶼ɧģ
뱻һʱ϶ί㲻˵ѿڰ£ҼһֱȹǺÿŻѡذһ
Ŷһۣû뵽ǻ¿Ĳۣȥʮĺ룬𷢣Ϊڶû취ܣָס۾㲻Ҫһֱκòã۶ˡ
Ŷŷأ
ŶųһۡǲԼ̫
ˣǰĴζ͸ĸף֮ûгɹҵĳⲻԡ
ˣˡŶ̴ڣøȥһԭףԭ粻ģһȦҲҵȻȥͺˣ
ʲôȰһͷˮֻһˣ
л񰮣ܲ𡣡ŶͷۡԼȥɣҽ˯һ¡ȥȥ
ɣ뻹û߳벽ǳȻ
ȹͻ棬ֻס档
Ŷ벻ŶŭɫΪΡ
˯ȥҪ㰡ŶţҲ飻Ȼռˡ
ڲصʱǶ˯һġ벻˵ҲһЩˣ
ʱΪֻһ񡣡Ŷ﷿ô࣬Ҫ
ŶС˵ģʵ
ֲʶǡҲˡ
ӣҸ׼ˡЦ֮⣬ʲô˵ʲô
Ĳܺһ𰡣ĿžŶСʱһ˯һԶûʲôġ
ܺСʱһŶ룬˵ֻŶֱܸˡ
ΣȢ㡪
ˣҪҪ㣬ֻҪҾ轻ˡŶԾȥ
΢ЦдųĿŹǷƺЩŵľֹжһֲɶõ
̽ķǰλðӡ
עĿ⽭΢
ջء
㣬֪ŷںδ뵱ᡭ
ȥȡˣ
뵫Ц

㵽ʲôŶһ鼦ŵ϶ɫ
װٽĽʢһǰ
Ź֣
Ŷ˵㲻׷ʣͷ÷
ţżա
עӣЩѰ
ŵЦ⡰ˡ
ꡰȻΪµ˭ҪܣǷԸ⡣
ˡĿ⺬ȥľŶң䣬ǻˡϵĸı䡣
ѩɽûҲԶˡǣӸԼһԳЦ
ָ˾Ŷϵ֡ˣЦ
롣Ŷޱᡣ
ţ
ǧľŶüīĿﲨһѡ
ָա
ǲߵۣ
ǰһЦȻһʱ̹ܽ
ָһŤ
̱
յЧջ֡
ķ
ʹ
ű۵һԷЩ㬣עţƵĺڿжײһ
ŶҲע⵽ûж̧꣬ͷͷԹζȡ

գһȴᶨ뿪
ڵأ

 90 

ëʡī⡣
ƷҼգĿĲ֪
鰸ƽֽеıʲ֪дֽϻţīˡ
ͣ䣬ݺݵѹϡ
յ˷ֲ˭ˣɢЦȴӲһж˺顣
Դ֮޴ˣ
ŷˣ
Ϣǿ
ޡ
ԡ
ˡ
˫ַһˤȥϵķı˻ˡ
αϡ
죬˽
ҲģҪʰ
ǲҪȻαϣġ
Щ֪롣
·Ҫһ޷ʰ
ûµġһ
ûµġ
ʲôֻҪͶµģ
Ŷ飬ǰŮӡ
û¡ֻԼ
뻯˴Σ
ȴۡ
û¡
üͷôչ
⣬ӡ

ҹ
Ҫžס
ƻ˲ֹ
ҪȵİҪܾá
ྩ
˼ҹѾܹĴģǷ紵ţͷһжȥȥƮĺԶԶĲκ˴Լ
ѩ׵ë멸˼ͷ
£˺Ȼͷ
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ֲǺˡ
롣
ǿˡ
ŹĹ΢Ц΢ҡͷĪʲô˵
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Žչᣬͬ򴺷Գ
ûڵˡ
īģ֤ʵ˵Ƿʵ
˵ˣûеȡ
Ĳ׷ĵȣŶļڱ˲԰
ĵĽЩġˣˡˡ
ü䣬סС
ȹ
ֵ𡭡
ҲҪ
һ˵һ׵Ŀ죻
һȰ⣬һᡣ
Ĵϻأľأס϶ǿƵŭŶ
ҵ鲻ܣŶָĿ
ˣԽ䴩Ǳģ·ѩɽѩŮѩ𶥣Ҿ֮¡
ΪǸ
ɵɫýЩǱھŶԣһͰٸһ
Ŷ뻹ץҲ˴һᰡҲˣΪҡ㲻ϲʥʥɽʱȥʥʱǿȥѩ忴ϲ棬ҲȥܱСȴʱһʱǿѩŶԸģҶԼӱĸ㣡
ˡҲҪӱͻȻЦ
ʵЦȴýյʧȥĶ
֪û˼ԲĽֻǰ˴ʧ硣
һ𡪡
ȹƮ
ɡ
ҹˡŶ̧ͷྩҹǴĺ䡣
Ȼҹ²˶ۡ
ȥϢҲ֪Լļˣֻǡˣһжʱ䣬շôˣܶ˹飬ٵһֺηء
Ŷָ˶̬ȡˣһ·𣿡
棬вؾ䡰ϣԼԣ·
ᣬһ·ŶתȹڷƮƮ˫ָ󣻽ŵأͬԶȥ
Ŷ뿴⣬Ҫ֡
ץס
ȹӹӰѾԶȥ
ԶȥİӰīǿī񴹵
Ȼ
·һ˫ײеԼһֱھŶϵעڷ˲Ӱ

תš
뵥۸һīȡ
²
ذš
ҹˣŷˣҲЩϢɡһֱ
񡣡תšһΪȥ
ҿȴ֪ԵĽ벻ҹͬĶδͷٿһۡ
ǽ빫ԸҴģŷ˹ǳǳЦ⡣
תĿ
ŷס˺ͷ񡪡
֮Զա֪ŶԣҲһش񣿡
ΪӭȢ֮·ǣ
á
Ƕͬòڴ˿ȴǲͬı顣
˫
ǸɵӰȥŵ˽š
ΪҪ㶼֪ܵԼһֱڻԺ󡰹ӣһ䣡
Ҳ䣡ԡ
Թĺۣȴ䡰֪֪
˵ùһߵĹȣ塰ֻ֪Ҳ䣡
ǰ
Ϊôţ
սʱ㻹ʲôƾ裿
㲻Ӯ

 91 

ŷӡ̺˼һЩѵȥ
òϰߣЩѡ
ˡϲԼ˰
һ˫ȴס

ʮղ˾ͽǰ
߻˷䡣
˴ˮǰ
ʪ˫֣ñ»һ㡣
ȡ֣һ׽ݵ˸ǰ
΢̧
Ϊ㲻һۡԳ
ôأŶԼĵʲôȥˣȻûãȻ᲻ܡ
ȡ
ᴷһ¡ǰΪ㲻᲻ܵġ
䣬Ҫȥ¹Ҳ·ŶһĶǼΪİ׺ãǶϰ׺ëɫѩףûһ˿ɫ
ллŶ¶ɫ
¶һǡ
ͷЩЪ
ȡСûΰߡ
񲻹񣻾кá̤żӻЩ˺á
ǧ򱯣ŶȥҴδΪκһ飬ȻһΣĿȫһΡ
ȻΪ˵ѣ˵Ҳࡣ
ڴߣһ֤ǲǻԣ
ҵһ֤
ϧһдۣ


̫ˣѾȡ飡պҿţǳˡ̫ˡ
ŷ˱ȭǹϲүˣ֪Ǻʱܻ
˵ŷͿѾҹϻˡպһӡƾվܵˡ
ŷŷǲľŶ
үأ⣬ǽİȹɢ
պţ΢ЦģѾüĿˣŷ֮ʱҾͰմŷǰ
ԸүĿһʼղ¶ˣҲˡ
պ⿴һİˣǶ֮䷢ʲô
ôˣպѵġỹûн⿪ΪǸˣ
ǻЩڡ΢ЦҾ
Ůġ롣Ŷаգ
Ǳ߻ᶨĻȡΪ
պǳǳһЦŷϵֱζʲôֻƢǿԶûôס
ӡ
¹
תͷȷĿ
ŷûнݡֻ߹ֺ常վͻྩˡ
ҧס˼ǧ֪ø˺ûǸѹ
ŷҲת롣
㻹û֪ͣǻǲͺãϵѾǵ۵֪ˡΪҪ
ΪԼ๻ˣԲԸŮҲһ
ƢţҪŷͣ
Ҳ߳ӣǰֱߡ
лл˿Ϣлĵס
ŷ˺ദø˲ǣȷԼеλˣ
ûʲôԸ˵ģ
ת⡰أǲҲ֤ࡰ˶Լ常ô⣬ͬӡ
ŷһ
ԾЩʧԡ˼Ҷˡ
ʧЦûµģʵ˵ûҵġ
ֲáȻȻǣҲø˲ǣҲǹ㡣
Ҳɡʮ˽Լĵĸܡʱõ澭¾ŶϾһ̻ذɽ˭֪ˣŶҵˣǿҪȥȡ飬¾ŶһȥأŴӦԼǰһϣҿסŶϣסεҲ֪Ϊ˾澭̧ͷʣüͷֹΪң
ԣҲΪѹҺоŶ
Ŷ
ͷ
ǵģҺ㣡
ȻˣΪ㲻Ը͡
κνжǻԡŷ֪ҹȥ˵Ļ̫ˣþӰգ׶š˵δģֺα˷Ѵᷳء
ԾҲЩΡҪô
ŷ˼ôģЩжûáȻĺܴ󣬵һʱ仹ûкð취ıϷһ𴩡
ܰæĵطһ֪ҲǶˡ
л¹Ҿ
ȵͷ

ȻѾྩ
ֶˡŷŷ֮ݡ
常ŷ裬ʮָˡˡ
ŷ۶
ŷ˹еʡһ·ϻ˳𣿡
ϻԶӲԵĿǡҲĵ˵˭ܵסŷ档
ҲΪԼʵĴЦݺõĲһ
ǵȻ˳ġͷһתŶأѾͷôߣ
ʵˣհѲߵЦݽˡ
תüͷ˵һ䡰ˡ
ʲôŷ̬Ҳʮ϶ȣȻ
ûһ˿顰һˣܣοסⲻǺ顣
ŷ汩ŭ𣬻ֽжˤȥϻ
ŭ
ߡûп֪ˣӡüĿȥ䳰šΪǶźͶء
ʲô
ŷֱק조㣬Ҳܶ˾Ŷľ澭
ôҺﳶȥˣקţǲ֪Ҫŭ塪
ȻŷĴѾſָ
һۡ
Ųɱ㣿
ȻҳҾһֱ֪֮ͷǳ׵Цš
ǰŷѾ߷ֹ
תһ£漴һĨЦ⡣
ͷЦŷɱ𣿡
ʵڸ㿪ЦأŶȻڡ
ŷԣ̷ſ˺Ķ
ɿϢ̻һʱ˵
ڻǲڣŷ汻ļ
ڡһ½󡰾ǲΪ㣬ҲΪԼ˵ŷʲôʱ򶪹Ůˣ
Ķŷ֡
ڲСŷԼƽ¡ģֻȥˣܻܿȵذɽ֮һƪȫ
ŷ̬180תˣһӱ˴ȸߵסͷΨһ˰ģԺŶ޸㣬ҲѾ澭ڸ㣻ɽġ
ѵŷ˺ǳŪһ¡ûô
ŷƿļ硰Ǻðɣһھߣ
Уᶨľܾ죬ߡ
ôżŶһϣʱ򷴶Ūɳ׾
ŷվŮˣ
ϾǸӣһӾͿԭ
Ů˶ǻ
ˣҲǻġô˵Ŷ
ߣ
ŷҲΣһ뿪˷䡣
ŷעȥıӰšĻĸأ

 92 

ӡ
Ѿ֪ˣš
ˡ
һ
ɫϲ
ϲĻ
¹
û뵽Ȼŷˣ֡㡣
Ǹšˡ
ûϵҲ޷ߡ
£Ƕ˾ƺ;ѡ
ڼɷȱƣȥ˶
ȼпɬߵ¡ǲǻûкð취
ش𣬵öһƵĸǰ
ֺǸ빫ӳȥˣţŶӽྩ棬ҹھ
ƱⱭףͷϡһоơ
ллҲٱǳһڡ
ֵһپһףͬģ
һںȾ
ȼеľƱ
ٺˡȲ֪ȰοٺȾͶˣˡ
ˡŷ˻ǽоһ⼸˸ְ취ӶÿԼκǹ۾ûĹһ£
֪߿ģЩꡣ
һ
Ǻܺõģĸĺܣҵ˼Щұ֮ʱĽǹžƺһǣȥһףģѾ˻ˣΪηҪ˵ء
֪᲻᲻Ҳ;ŶƵ᣿
ȿʼġ
ǶͶ̫࣬ʼշĲ¡
ദΣγã̧ͷȻǰ㣬¹ﲻȻΣɴʧܶ࣬Ʃ常򣡡
ҲҪЩ
⡣
С⣬ţŷ˵£üͷһ壬ͼذ
и˺ŷһζԻ
ڡ
ΪһҪ˵ڣҲԼӺʵҾ˵˿ڣҲһţ
ȿƺЩûû˵ȥнࡣ
죬ֻϵ졣һִⲻϻȥô죿常ƢôһԾŶ֡¹ҲŮӣܲܰð취
ļƵȻûоŶˡ
ŷ˵ľƱһײüġǴŵؾˣ˼Լ²¹ＱźСүطˡƿ˾Ʊ߾ˡ
ֵˣ
û˼ûоŶǰϻۣһʱ벻ʲôð취ҪȻһ£кð취Իԣ㿴Σ
ŷϲǾͶлˡŮҵҲŮ˽⡰ŷ˾ĺϢҪ죬վˣ
õġȵͷ
Ҳˡŷȱȭл߶ˣΪԾŶʵڲʲô˻
΢Ц˽⹫һ⣬ģҲᾡҳ취ġ
лˡŷٴҾҾϢ
ȵͷ
ŷȥ

ȡ;С
Ұ⡣

ˡ
һ˱վһ
ҵĴֻһˡǾŶҲϰĸ󡹦
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սȭͷǾŶ
κι򡣡̫˽ˡĹǼҴģֻʺŮϰ
ҧҲϣҲˣҪϰĹֻŷһ·ˡ
⡣
аб뿪ڣתڡ
ȻΪŷ˻תʲô飿磿
˽תΪϲ
ȡղŵаȣʱչ˿
ȷǳ˵ġ
ȻĿԣҪ˵һ֮˼֮顣
Ҹղź񿴼ŷˣ㣿Щɻѵ
̽ͣı᣻Ͼŷ˵
Ŷ֮ЩᣬֲϽͣŶҲԸ˽ţڹϵֵĺܽȼ⡰û˿ߣֻˡ
ϲá
常ˣǱͽҪߵģ¾Ŷҷŷ淢ͻ취ϣܺ;ŶͺͺáҲЩͬǣ˸Զô˭Ըһ
Ŷֵĺܽ
⵹ã
Ҳ˵ŷ˵ĻֻнˣھŶߣһзϣ书Ǳ߰Ҫβܡ
磬֪¾Ȼ˳ôƣ̲ס֪
ţջ˼ʲôƣ
֪ֵ֮ôҲΪһŷˣ̲סҡͷ
⻰ʲô˼
˵
ȽĶ˵棿ȻһģһģҿʱΪ˹㣬Ҷˡ
飿Ҳе֣˼⣺ӽ룿ʲôˣ
⼸վŶ棬ҹ̾Ϣŷ˾ҾŶ˵Ҳˣ治֪֮ڽܻ⣻Ұ취ʲô취Թ˵ţûһı顣
а취һӿڡ
̧
ס֣Ца취ǰ˴
ţ
ڣƻӰӳ
һһŮӰζ
ҵ
ôŮܾͺ¡
ΪβܣֻˣܶŲ鷳
ѧ书ûҪɱˡ
ɽĴԶֻһˡ
òҪɣ书ôҪ𣿡Ҫ
ֻѧ书Ҳܱ㣡
ѾǽСүж˱
ȣҪбУľﻢҲ̫ƽȻʵһ¾侮ʯȣҪúõĻŲܸõı㲻˺
ӱסŮӡȣңֻˡ
ڣȫĽڣŮšУ
еģȣеġ
常ô
һĺСġ
ԡ
ԣȣ뿴ҲʲôˣǸŶ㳶¶ˣһʼأ㴹ѹȣңһɫִ򲻹Ϊڶ𣿡
⣿
Ůֹͣ
ԣҪ
⣬ڰ
м˫ǸѪȵɱ˼ƻ
ȥ֪ͨˣǵСЩ
ǡ
ҹһ¸߹ң˼伸仯
㷽̨ҳ

 93 

Ƶʱ֡
ŷݾӡ
ŷ⿴žŶĬдķ޷жɫѾôˣǼһ﾿ʱҪ
һ졣
ŷӡ
ʲô£֪Ƿ
Сү˻ظ
תʲô
ǿڡ
շűˣɷ˽ŷ֣ɡںģֻһˡŶڣ˫ֺ󸺣ҿš
ߡŷЦߡҵģģ档
ôˣŷ𣿡Цš
ŷӦСүΪԼܻģҿûôһ棬û׼㻹ء
Ȼ⡰̫ĽŷˣоŶԹ㣻һǰɽ书Ψһˡ
ʼǰֽͼĽɣڳĽҲʲôˡ
ȷǰһֻҪһţŶľͲתҲԶΩһˣ
⻰ʲô˼
̧Ц
¶һ޺Ц⡣
ŷǹԣ
˭Ҫ뺦ңҲŶԼҲһΪǿЦĹܡҵ书ǱĳЩ΢һЩ
ŷӣһšͽһš

ŷ˽ӹ򿪣ȵš
һݣϲü
šСүҪ⣻ղֻǺ㿪һЦʵ˵ÿ˶Լİı˶ߣΪζǺʹģ
ΪλӣҲˡ
ǺǡЦѵҪ¹㲻ҲһΪġ
ΪҪҡͷҵĵǾŶ֮˶ߣŷֱס֡
Ŷŷ˲ΪȲֵáֻϧҼҾŶСүˣԻá
ҲȻˣҾͲŷϢˣʹ˸ǡ
ãˡԶͣҲ

ྩڡ
ǻȥɡŶʼûƷ˰ˡ
ŶδǽջҲȥ
ù˽Ҳ˳
ҽղȥŶ˿˵
һھơǺãҼջ
Ŷһҹ飻˻ѹӳˡȻЩԹŷˣǹġҲĴʲôѹһж
߳˾Ʒ
ŶߵϺߣЦ֪һΪྩġ
ŶĽס˼
յһӣͲѹˣ
ǿտأǲܷһ䣬ƾһ仰̷и֤أ㵹ãʲôʣûͷûԵһ䣻һǶ
леڶŮ𣿡ŶǶ˵ΪҪ˵ڣ
⡣
סˡ
ŶһھơҲȥ
Ρ
ӽϻĽһ޵ıǺ«ݸߡȻ˵ȥúҪʲôˣΪɹ˱ˣ̻Ҫš
ֲ꺢ͯ𣿾ŶǻֽӹǺջһҧסЩ
һ̻뻹ŶʹЦ⡣
űǺ«ľŶͷðŻȥ
ȰŶһУһǻȥ˵һ£ʲô˵˵Ƣ㡣
ҧǣɽζ⡰㡭ȥһ£̫ҽѪǲ
ȻôģΪβԼȥ
룬̻￴ҸߴȥŶס˽룬˾Ʒ

ֻԼл

ӡ
ȶٻЩ
ʶĳںȥ
һ񣬻Ƕ

ŽԼƽ
˭֪ľȻպҡ
պ룬ȾͿϷŵľƲˡ
ôû𣿡һֻվƱ
ûȻǲԸ
պҲÿɷ
ȣȻûоŶǰͨı£ҲǸŮˡպҷ˾ƱҲǸӡ
˵ʲôȱ
ΪԼİ˱ˣ
ʸ˵𣿡㣬常Ҳᡭ
ҲŲϣҲպߵߡ常֪Ҳ֮Ҳ˵ģ
ҧ
ɹһʱ˱ȫΪҪʱ䡣պҸšأҲýʱ²𡣡
кιϵӲͲôʹ˲źã
պҲָκʱ䣬ҵĵˣ
Ǳǵˡѿڡ
պֿ˾ƲˡԲҪټһˣҸɣһĺǿ㶼ᰲȵģġ
͵Ļͷ
ˡպζĿһۡϣɣ
˳˼
պ˳ȥ
ȸϣŹϺ̿ںˡ
Ҳ˳
õģպû˵֪ˣ顪
ˡ˿¹
ʾҪƻ¡
Ѿﻢ£ֻܵͷתȥš
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ˡȵĿǶЩ̫ҺĿԡ
뵽εĺð취ˣŷ£Ҷ޷֮ġŶǸ԰Ҳˡ
ȶ룬Ҳϵľˮͷôֻû㣿
Ŀ˸
ŷȻȴΪֵ
Щȷܲܣ
ŷЦŶӣҾһ
̧
ֺ;ŶġŷƱʵѾٺȾˡ
Ȳк塣
ΪþŶټҽѰ
Եвⷺһ˿Σ˾ƺʵо仰һֱ֪òú͹˵
ദлԵ˵¡
ȱžƺЩɫšһ㲻ľŶܻᡭλ빫ӡ
ᡣǳ϶
ΪΣȻվšţ
¹ҵİŷ΢Ц¹㲻䣻ȻŶ䡣
תȥ˶Ʊ꣬ڵҡֻϧǶȻǸÿԺúø𣻾һ𣬲֪ꡣ
ã¾ŶҪЩʱˡ¿ձ
ȻˣʱһжൡȻԸԴ˱ŷӼˡ˵Щɡ֪Ƿ͹⣿
ŷĿһתлˡ
Ը˾ơ
ʵлԵȥߣ֪ǶˡŹĲԭصҰյļڣɽҰǾŶϲζ񵽾ŶİȹڱصʻзԾ˿ŷƮɣһЦĺ
Ĳˣȴ˼
ŷջ񣬿һ۱оơ
Ҳ˾Ʊף;ŶܹǰӣȻͷϡ
Ź仰һ治ܲˡŷҲ˾Ʊɴ
֮ʣһüͷ𣻱оѾڣķ¡
񲻶һƵֶ΢΢
ͷҿ
ŷ˲¶ɫĿʧЦԼˣ˵а취þŶ᣻֪кνƣɷԣ
Ȳ㲻ٺһ𣿡
ƺȶЦЦѵ𣿡
ƣŶܻת⣻ԸٺһȵĻŷɻֹ
ôһȣŷ˾ƱΪ˾Ŷұȣֻʾ
һȥ߾ŶΪˣܡȶ˵ɵĿЦ
˾Ʊתšʲô𣿡
ĶӣŮµĶҩҺʶá֪ŷ˲ףѣΪȻҩ
ȼ㴩ŵĽŵľƺϣ˲ɵˣϡ
ΪΣŷ˿桰ΪҪ¶ΪҪƭˣɲԸңеľƱҲ
ΪʲôҪô
Ȳ֪νͣĿܣţ˲
һѣϮŷˣŶ

 94 

޴̻ǰ𣬱ʽĻ
ŶһǺ«Цĺÿġ
Ҳ΢Цš
һж˵úг
Ԥס
Ŷ
·һʱպ
еɽͻȻˤ˵ϡ
š
Ҳ·˻һǰ
š
еľʹͬ˺ѷβеġ
Ҳڴ˿̳ŷ˵
š
һ
ķ·𶼱˺ˡ
Ŷôˣˣż뱧ס
ȹ⻹ҪǰȹͻȻԾɶ
Ŷں漱ĴСȥĶ
ȹţ붼ϲϣ

ȹǰһΪԼˣԼۣ쳣Ҳ׷ǰ
ײŷ˵Ŀ;ӣնİĳĸ
ŶչЩļǵĳ롣
أ̲סļ
һɵˡ
һչѾץ
ײеϢ·ͷϵ³˺˵ļʱҧʺء
ŵɪɪ
ûõĶ
Ŷ˦
׷˽Ŷôˣ쳣ٴеࡰʲôˣ
أ鴤š
һҪҪ߾Ŷȥˣ
ˣŶҲʣֱӶȥ

ŷڵĶҩЧɵЩվȡ
˿̣ݺѾźд
ܵס˵
㣡ŷҲ̫⡣
һֱܣһȴҲţ̰׹צϡ
Ǽŷ˵Ķ֣֮䣻ŷ˷Ѿʺס
Ҳץ֣ѿ
˽š
Ǿҩ̫Ȼֻһʹ;綾ʧȥĲ㹦
ǶȻš
սթ
ŷǽģ
ѵ
ƺϵ
ŷ˲ͷ
ҲвȱΡ
Ĩȹ֮ͬʰĵס˲ܵı͵Ϯ
ܰٶ
ϤһͲԡĮӡ
һΡ
ȴ󾪡
Ǵ󾪡
ŶȶûϵС
ذףŶΪһѣ
ǸǶذǵ𴦻ֱ࣬С֣ϣҵĺǲ֮ܡ
˿ӵСֵذŷ˵̻
˶һŷ˷о֮ʣ˹
ŷȴҲڴ˿ͻȻɿ֣Լٳ
֪ĵɾһȻֱֱĴɱ
ۼҪ¡
Ҹ£İһ
׵бָֻǣ֬סذ׵ȫС
ȫþ˿Ҳð֡
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бʺȾָ¡
УͻȻЦ𣻵촽ĺѪ֤á
ס
ŵַסŷˣеİȹŮӣƽȫˡ
СүûˣûǰɽĵմԶֻΩһָ˾
Ϊŭݺ˳ȥ
ˤײһжˡ
硣ȼ״̽
ॣ
ɳŶָ
ذӦ䡣
תۣĿôоΣָմԼڡģǡաŷˣҳס
Ŷ̷סȫ
ŷһںѪȫҲ
̴óһƿֽƿ޿˿죬һƿȫУĴ̧꣬򦣻Һȫ¡
ǶҿˡŶɽѩ
ƾһȺɫѵͬһ֣ȫѪʺ죬϶ʺ߸ǣֻ¶˺ڶ۲
ñھʹͱߵȶǰһ˵Ǿںδֵģʲôˣ
˷סѾȥŷˡ
ŶҲǶˡ
Ŷȫҵ⣻ҪɱɱҰɡȴ
Ϊɵı粵Ŷ΢ͷ¹һûмɽѩҪԺ᳣ǷԸ⣡

һ˫ѩ˪ָסȵ°͡
۵Ĳò̧
ȣŷ˵Ĵůˣ
ֻ۽ǵɨһѪˡ
ˣ

 95 

ŷ˵ıӡ
աһҩ
ա
Ϊƫգ
Ϊ飬λΪ᣻
棬ѪתΪ飬Ѫ˹ǣ
飬һڣɣ
ѽ⣻鷳ĺ֢ԣ
ÿ7ʱжԣǲΣյģԻôԡࡢֹͣģֱҩȫΪֹ
աɫ޻ΪԵʱһɫ޻Ѳȥֲֿԡ
ô£
űƿѾ󲽿뷿ڡ
ͥšѪءۡƿ̡̫Ԩǻ
ŶڸѨλϻ򿪣Ƕ³
ŷվڴߡ
Ҳ
³ĺѪǰ֡
ŶһԵŷ棬ߵǰ
ž
ѩ׵ļ̳˺ӡǱƳʺ졣
һ仰ûС
޴˦ӵһߵ˻΢΢һЦ
ʲô飬ҲŷָıǼ⡣
ŶȻǵģ
ʦŷ潫עת
ȥȡҩţûлͷһۡ
ĺעȥıӰ
Σŷ治̬ʡ
ŷ鲻˳ԡ
常ⲻ飻ֶԼ
ŷһӡúϢ
κνͣҲ뿪
һ˿ϲ֮Ҳ뿪֮ʱʧ
Ŷӭǰ֡
Ҳܾȥҩ뿪
бһӲңҧĳ壬졣
ȽţҾȥءȹֱűһӾһӡ˭˭
㻹治֪㵽ʲôҲµش̡ʲôȣҾٱҲɱҵ߰ɡ
˭֪ĬȻΪˣȣˣ»λ飬춾ӵУ
ȥĶ֪Ŷƶ֣вٶҩղȹ⣬ҲΪŷˡ
˭ҪˡҲĹбǿѹֵŭֲɫָҹѾ̸ò˷ҵĶҲΪȻҲȡ
ıֻӰΪŭˡֻ䣬ȻţͲˡ
㷳Ե߾ǡ
Ҫ߾Ϳߣûжȣ߬ȭͷô˴齡
ŶؿתҺʱˣ
ڻͷˣ
Цǻ˵ȻȲӡ
ŷˣдĲúôôˡ㲻Ҫ̫֮ȥãԺҲԵãȥңԺᣡ
˭˵Ҫʲô֮ˣˣҲƢӦ㡭
˭ҪӦˡӦѵӦˣ
ǶɲԲҪˡڼŶ̲֮סˣŶŸô飻ƫҪʱ
Ŷ˵Ҳֻǽ𿪡
ʦأ˭ﲻȥƫȥŮʦбþŶĲֹҲѹҪ
ŷ˱˵ҲΡ
׼ˡ
ŶȻ֪أǰ˹ҩߵߣ¡
ܿסԡŶҩ˵ߡˡ
ȻѾˣɫȴ԰׵Ŵ
˫̰ĿǰΪѰĺա
ЩϵĴʼղſ
ˣŶ΢ƿ
ӣҩˣȺú˯һŶҶ׵ġҲȰšҩ˾͸ˡ˭׼֡
һҩҩָ֣䶼ɴ
ʹ𣿡ʮָģôŵУǶ۰
֪ǹ⻹ǲ֪޳ָסĶڡ
Ȼָ
ŶֶˣɵҪ֡
ȴסѿİĵȻʹ𣿿ȴʹտԼǵŮӳྩ֪ʲôо𣿶˻ҳһ޶ֺ֣ޣҧһһĥģ·ֶĥɷۡ
ָԽԽ
ǰɴָһۡ
ġ
Բš
ͬĺš
ֻ
ֻ
ֻܸʹ𣿡
ңҾֻʹڣҵֻ
㣬ʹͲˣΪøտ֮Ը
Ҳǿտǣ
ߣ˵ĺָš

ѾʱˣѹŭѾڱѵıԵеҩˣָҲٶ˺ۡ
̾ʦ㵽ҪβſϺҩŶ˻𣿡
ƣʽתΪʽһֱߡ
ҪȲȡΪô󣿾ŶǿӲֱۡ
ȴյ˫ֻֽؿڣۡ
ɶ
ŶأеҪСС֡
УҲ޺ۣǵĻȡ֮˵ҲһҸ
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Ŷз·˻Сſǻ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪ĽȻҲ֣ΪĹ˼䣬ҲԺ󣬸ĸ֮ҲȻ
ȻΪβ֣ŶֻšѵΪò֮ˣҾͳ油
֮С
ҲҪŶɵںǷŪԼſ
ŷ˱ۣҲֹı飬ķ·˺ݺݳһӡ
ڴ˿̣һԸһ¡
ŶҲˣֹͣ
̸ߡ
ô
ȫΪ˵ġ
һֵһʱڷ
ŷֻԼȫÿϸ·ˡ
ҩˡѵ
ŶҩŲ׺ҩ
긲˱
ɬȳҩ֭ʹĿڡ
߷һթĻȡ
ŶоԼľΧסˡ
ҩûˣ˲ͷ
ǿȵǰ
ľŶ־뽫¡
ЦЦһǣδ㡰Ŷա
Ŷ飬ȹһĻȣ֮ѿա
ű顰֪գΪλҪȣ
ŷڴϣۡҲȥɣû¡
ʱȻһˡ
ڶ𣿶жķӦΪʲô㾿Ǻλá
γǶĲأ
˵Ҳ䣡ȥҵģǸĸѡѡŷѡģˣκ˻¶ҵ
Ŵԣɫϸֳһ˿΢áǣʦ
ٶȳΪݺŷˣΪȫͬǸŹӡ

 96 

ҪǰӴȡ
ŶŶ
ߵϣͻȻ˹ǰ
Ŷһۣ조ǣ
˺µĲšСүߵˣŶȾң

һ
֪ˡŶͷȡһƱȥ˶ġ
ллŶ˿ͷ
Ŷȴ̵

ڡ
Ŷ˺ˡ
ȫ벻Լﶯá
Ŷ΢Ц¡
ѾָǰòŶߣصĺ˹ĵͷ
ôѨ
ŷ治ǱŶź˶ϵĲ衰ȻСүҪԴȻҲǣ
в֮ԣŭֲҡôҪô
һֱΪõĳͽ䣬ǲߵĥŶתĲ豭ŲҶˮСүǷҲΪ
ûбѨ̻֮ǰҡ
ȣûôŶֹ̳ķϻûô̧ͷĿġ
ȱȫڣתͷǿȲң
̫Сˣ˵һȣǻأҪһŪĵ֡ŶһߣòҪͼߵ˱Ѻڵϵߡ
ָķ΢Ц绨½㣬㵱Ȼ֪ɽڴֶ֮ˣҿѧ˲٣ǰθ࣬ǹǰҪҲҪ¿һۣԽ㣬߱ʲôã
ǸɻʲôãŭաŶصĸˡ
òСүġŶӢգǰģ˼ǰ
촽ȻޡܰꡢĿ
ߡϡСү˵ľŶǲϲϾŶˣ
ҶԹģŶ֪𣿡̲ܰסһǹ˿־塣
ʲô˵֪ʲôŶļվĴǰš磬ΪΪĵӣɱҼҹӰɡ
ûϡΪŶ㣬Ҳֻǰá
ŶŶ˫ִͷ˸ӿҲ
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˾Ȼ޹˼ɵǰȣȵ˲
㵱ȻĴӡ˾Ŷ򦡰Ҵӵһμ㣬ͶԾŶĽѣأۿңʲôȲŷǸзϵģĵӣһܱã֣Ī˵أ¶УŶ
һȲӡŶ΢ƿ
Ŀ
ңŶЦšһζû֪ܰ쵽ܶ顣
ֻԼͷ顣
ŶЦӣͷбȻЦţȴħһаСүˣǺˣ

ͷϵʲô
ΪֻŻ¶ھ¶ôӵķʽŲмأҪȻҪ޴ӷʱεкֶҪҾ
֪ʲô𣿡ȹǰⲽ
֪Լϵ̺µľµŮʲô
ŶЦţ조ϣѾĳŮйڵ£ȻⱲӶܲˮ֮ˣ
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󾪣ֱſˮ
ҲϵŶС֮Ů
ŶһŲȵϣݶСôպһôϸ˵飡߱©ٳ飬ƭˣЩѻǺóԣͿѵķϣ㲻ȣɽˣôˣǼ˻檡ùŻǷ͸£Ҫᣡ
ңھŶµˣСүĽ
ŶɽʹĴвֹ
ʹ𣿡ŶҧݺݵѹšҲˣܲסˣôŷأһ룬ʹΣʧȥҾҪ޷˵ۿԼŮױᣡߣȥ˳ԹЦ⡰ΣҵĳͽɲӴڰ
Ůֻ֡
˵ˣǡŮŶһؿڡ
ҪϡҪ档
½㡣ŶݺݵһץסķϵǳЦȴԼʹ𣿿Լ˱ĥᵽ𣿵ҿաɱʱŷʲô֪𣿡
Ŷ㣻ҪһжҵĴȽץסƴҡͷңǻѹǶ˵ѽŶֻ˵㣬ŶңҺŷ֮ʲôûУֻϲһ
Ϊ㵹ʲô˵Ŷ۵ĸȵӡĪ£ʵҲϲ㣻պǶȻúദ
ҪŶҪץֱۣʹŶ˿磻ʲôܴӦ㣡ŶҪ
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˿ֻԼ澭·˺һʹĴС
̻磬ôˣ
ʹʹŶߡҪҪʹʱϾĴҪ̫׵ģҲҪýԶڵе׼˵ҩ˵ǰǵֶҩ򱻳Ϊnaraka˼ǡ
ȹűߡŶĲŷˡ
ûôŶԡΪΪ˲㣬ĥģȣҪң˲ɣôҲ㣬Һ㲻ͬ϶ֻҪһֱ׷ĸζ㡢㶼ֵȴΪһ˲ǷҪõҸ
ţ̧ͷ
Ŷǡ㣬ֺοԼѹͷӣԼҲʹࣻȴΪѣḷ́ҵġ˲ɡǡõ΢ЦҸҵҸвңǵݵǳǳЦ⡰ҸҾҸ
ǵһз壺һֱΪԼĿࣻʵǰŮӲŰ࣡ȣԼʲôǣ
ŶҲ֪һֶʹ㣬֡ʲôԸģģ
ûҪ㻹ǿԿŶֱһ˳ȥأһпֵȣ֪ô𣿡Ц
ȿ޵̧ͷ
ҵ˳߷أ￴ʬ壬ŶЦš֪ʱ򼴽̣һЦա
Ⱦˡ
ǵģҾǸӡŶֳͷʬʮһڿĶӣڴŻ档ǳ̸ЦšɱĽǶԲҪҲ̣Ϊ˭ҪԼĵʴأ
ҪŶҪƴҡͷҪ

Ĳҽ쳹ڵƴ
ŶĿʹ࣬
Ҳ̲סˣ˽
ϧȥס
պ뿴žŶ
ŶЦݵĻ֡
ߵĺȫʧ
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У
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ˣҿҪȥ¥ƣһ𣬻ԸȻذɽŶѾõϢ
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Ŷһתޱ̬ȣʶĵͷʲôѽ֪˵ʲô㰡ô´أͲһ㣬ҺòײžȻġ
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ŷô᲻жģ½ǰŮӵĽ޷԰ΡҲ԰ΣɾҩıУõģģݡ龫֣һеһУ
үүȾȿϧԲܿԼĶӻһү
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ͻȻպҶߡ
պϲ̽ǰŷӣŷӣд
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һطȥϢŶֻĸ첲˿һۡ
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Ŷǰһץס֪ԣǱֻҪҩģһ˽ոǣǺŷӵҰΪ㣬˿簡
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Ϊɱ˫ۣʲôˣ
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Ŷ̫޿ˣպҼŶִⲻϣҲóơ㻹ҴྩڣһǴүеǱ֣ƾŷҲԵֵǧĹɣ
ߣЦ
ұļƻʧȥһУҼҹӷȡŶѾǸƻˡྩպң㻹ΪνĿ֮𣿡аˣûߣŽƱźҸûʶĵطɣһø㱨֮𣡡
պľ棬д󾪣⻰ʲô˼
ҿԸ㣬ϵϸѾʼ׼·ˣҲܰɡŶŷƬطٲߣ߶߲ˣ


 97 

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ſڵҶϡ츮ָ
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ŷϣʵգϸů̺ͷãӹŶѡôԼԣּһ㡣
Ǻãüͷһҡͷ
ʲô˲Ѷԡһ롰Ϊ⣬ɽׯʱûٶЩӣ㲣Ҳǰ첻ԣϲ˯ġ
ҳԾˡŶ롣
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ʵҲáŶľúܶûżֲԼΪ˼ˣЩ䡣
ıתסŶ֡ˣպȻð㡣˵ˣ˵ŷ飬ֻ֮Ѿݲˡ
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Ŷ֡ǲ˵
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ŶЦҰ档ҪȥϵĹˮ档
㲻˵ȻˡԼ˾Ŷѹʱ򷴶ޣЦ⡰ĪѹˡΪ˵ġ
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ô˵ŶֽĴס
סֵ֣Цü䡰ԣǶӶԷĹȥҿա
ֱҼǶ㺦ʱ򣬷žĸ׿գδȳңɻ˾㣿Ŷ˼ͷ΢ҿڶˡתļ
§ļͷסķʡǣҶúٷ
˵ˡ̧ͷҲƼĥ˵ֶˣʳԣ졢Ҷ㣻ڡ
ǣŷ˽ǡ§סȴϲ
˫ֽգůͷ

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Ȼм١Ŷ棬ָţһƤ䲻ϣй䣬һˮǰ
ôأӹǸӣֻǸͷһ˵ƺҲ̫
һܶЩ鳬ƵķΧģҲġ
գôŪõĶҩء
Ŷҧһ档
ţ̧ͷ
ЦЦĿʡߣҾԼҸ
ס˻δõִ֣֮֡ϡ
ǰɽжɩɩŶ٩üǣˣ⻰Ҳţ
ʧܣ
ˣŶָһأҹϮڶأ¥أΣһû̸
ŷ˿ѵС⣬ڡҿһ˵ĺã
ôˡŶвⲻáһô˻ȥˣôҲҪ
ŶסҲû˵
ŶЩôǿ㲻ԸˣҲżһԺиõģ˭֪أ֮еǻᡭ
δ䣬ֱһûᵹ
ϡ
οסϢûˡ
ǰ˷۰ꡭ

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ŷ˴ûмŶô˹Դ֮ûչǶǰһӵĻǳ⡣
ǿҲǷǳ˵ӵס˾ŶǺط˰һֱһ
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Ҳô㡣ŶĲһǵ˿ļϡ
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գŮҲǰȥ
УŶҲ̺ϵȥӡ
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ۣžŶϾա͡
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ҵġŮһƿŶ
ʲôʶյʱ㻹ڽˮأŶ̳ࡣ
ȴֹȿɡǶˣƺҲϰǼͻڵĳ档
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տŷˡģŷӡִס
ϣٶĿҶԽܡŷ˼磬书Ҳס
ϸˣǾŶӣᰮЩʱҪǨͣϾɲһŵɹŹ
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ճһۡ׽ˣ
Ŷ͵͵ࡰЩڹķȫ
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ģŶϲŷˡ̫ˣ
áĵĽʮ߻˼׽һʱһʱա
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ŶҲ̫Ϊˡ֪Ǽͷ˰̣ⲻȰŶŵ졣
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ŶռͷҺʶ㡣
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ŶءŶ˹豭գȥϲĶͥΪ˺ͻϲҶ͸ˣֻίšˣĴȥʱһ׼õģգ취ɣкЩ㶼Ͳֵݵǰ
սӹ̫ʪˣܶϲҩĶĲãҪطʵϣ֮Ѱһ¡
û⡣˻ҵأеⷽĸɽ˲šɽЩҲ÷ȥ㡣֪Ѳࡣ
գҵ˲Ѿˡɲϣ̫Ѿͷ̫龫ˣ˵Ĺֶ࣬ձˡ
̾˾Ϊ࣬ҵĴ඼ǾҪأҪǵطȴǷǳ̵ģʪȡ¶ȡ溦ҪԻþŶҰɣҲϲǷ顣
ҺˡŶҲһݸ㡰˭ĳһ֮¹ҩȵģʦŰҵ֮һգģһܸҵҩȵĵط
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ŷ˼˵֣Լȴ岻죺źƺŶܶȤ¡
ԺȻġŶڴߣЦš
Ų裺㰡²ۡŷ֣ǲҪ֪ĺãȻģСŮ˵ֶΣ͹ܵˡ
㣻ʲô˼Ŷ̲סУҵôֵһᰡգ㻹ǲǵõ㲻һ䡮Сҩ¡
Ŷ߳þͻطպſڡ
ԭЦŨԶգתͷ

 98 

ʮߵܡ
硣
ֵӵ
ŶվſڡȻˣɡҲȫͨġǿ͡
á
ŷֶδ֡
պһֱԼ۰ĵܵܣôˣȻһ仯ûԼʧȥ˵緢ˡ
磬ôϳֱˡ
պҿЦˣȱ˱۰¶Ϊô᲻ء
ΣӵʱպҶչˣĸµƷ˵±¼޸ԼʮĽʵۣ»һˮȻȥ裻۸ֻãҲһֱ羴պңһԽͥʧѣİ֮Զģʵ֤Ҳûѡ磬Բ𡣡
粻㡣պļ򣻵ȷˡʵ㡣
Ŷߡ
ղǾŶ˶ˡ
㲻⡰磬˵ĶȻƴǡ
Ŷǲ¶ջŲ롣
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šյ䵽£ڸ˽һ
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׽еϴƪҪƪ͸ϵİŷˣùͽʮƣҲҪˣܸģҶҪ㣬ӱĸ㣡
ǡ֪ĲÿκҪһ֣ʵЩΪȴԼӰ룬ȻҲҪˣŶԺҲҰ벽
šҲӵס벽
ܰ㣬ŷ¶Ц⡣

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֮ǰŷһͬŷԼŬǱŶģԼͱ˱ȶġ
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ٲãֿ԰áīˡŶ۵׶תϲ֮ɫʱҰɽֻˡ
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ҪˡŶ⿴𷽡ʱ򣬽а١
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ЦЦǧǳаܣһ統䳡ϵŴݡ
İ䲻ɵĽıסŲպ㶼ڳ
̫ˡס׿ʵʵţͷ΢΢̫ˡ
ŷҲסͷߡôˣڵˣҶѾҪˡ
ϲһߺŲ衰ŷѵ𣿡
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£㻹ûȫָŶϲֱıࡣ
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ŷĽѾǵˡ
ȻһһߴĺѾԾδ̤ؾѾץס˾Ŷ½˵㵽ûмǴ
常ŷľֹŶôǴأ
ŷ濴Ѿվעֻص˾ŶϡΪҾ޷ͨԵ磿ﲻԵľ磿
żգ澭ϵ书ô׻ҩʦѾµһˡŶҪѭ򽥽ǲ̫żˣüΪοѾǵ澭
常ǰǿͷЩѡ
հѺٱֻҪŶ콫һж
ŶŶ
Ѿͷʲô̬ȣ㱳ĥĥ䣬ƱʲôҪŷĴƾ;
Ŷ̧򦣬Ǳܸ澭澭֮澭䰡ǲס书µһôˣͲˣ
Ŷŷ˴߳ô常ػģ㱳㱳ˣʧ˷ִ磡
ߺߡŷǶǻˡ
ʵ뱣ǸĶӾȻ֪Ůˣŷһվŷˡ
ŷ˹常Խȥ֡
ǿҲȥ
ԽԽûˡŷǰ常뽫ңȻа취
ǰϷŷɲǱǷſ˾Ŷ
ŷǰһԽŶ常ģܿõȫĵġ
Ȼšŷһļͷ
ˡŶƳƺ㹦ľǰԼļͷס
ҡͷ
ŷ΢Цšл常Ρ
ҵ㡣ŷתһȥ
ӰȥٵģŶǰô
еĲŷеĵҲˡû¡
ŶǲĵĴסûб仯ȻšΪڣѧϰ˲ҽҲԺµʱ޴ˡ
ס֣ŷľ޺ˣĸʲôˣԡǿĻǱˣ
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Ĳ衣
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ŶȥһҩŶߡ
黹֮Ĵ̡

 99 

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ͷ㻹û㶨Ҳ˵ľȻҲտΪϾ翪ĿڣԻǺƤӺ;Ŷ׿ϡԶġ
ŷ˿ʼ硰ѹͲš
㵽ʲôŶô㣿鲻ֻ⼸ɡ
ŷ˿㣬˵˸š
조ǸһҹҲмֻˡ㵽ϲ˭
ŷ˵Ҷôˣ־ͲҪЦˡ
Ҳ̾һоͽ˰ɣôҲҸĵطаƫˣҺ˵ŶŶܼǳģһˡ
֪
ദŷµѾȥסŷ˵ļ򡰰ϰ취
ʲôϰ취
δüĿʹһߡŷˣҲǷޱ߹Ҫ˵ˣŶƴӣն˵ȹǺ˴ˣѪδȫͨ󲿷ֶˣЩҲǿģ
У˼
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뵱һŭ֮»ҩȣȻԭңûҵµطңʱҳ˾ŶУ㻹ý˶ˣֵܣ治룡Ծڴˣһļͷ
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˵֣أҲ̬ȡû뵽ŷֶԾŶġ
ҪҲҪȶʱ򡣡ŷ˷²豭ҶԼĳŵǶԾŶأҪͷϵˣȥҲΣֻ֮оŶһˣκһ졢ѹ飻ģҶҪһŬϰ׽ΪֻΪܱ֪ŶڹׯԹ飬ǵģҪŶ
ͷǣΪܱʵҲһ
Ŀԣ֪˴˵⣬Բƣ
ڷǳ֮
տڻԵģ

Ѷѡ̾ϢйжѾȥˣô㵹һֱȥء

㻹ƲȲĽĽĳ飻Ϊû˵ûעǰĳŮӣһĽ֮ѡ

ͬһԲǡȴ֪ǺóԵĿຢӣǣĽЩܳǵĺӣȻһǳˣǰȻԣǿסˣΪ֪ǲǣҲġŶ˵ô࣬׵
˺ܾãżĵͷ
մס˫硰Ŷܶ˵Щɼ⣻ǰ˵Ļ̫࣬Բǰʲô˵ŵԣ˵ֻ㿴ˣԼ֪ҲҶ㡣
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աŶ֪òߵһġ飬
ջͷǷŷԭſϽҩ
Ŷ촽ᳶЩԸġͷ
ã֪ˡЦ𡰾ŶˣĳСŷˡ麣ﲻ԰ˡ
˵ңһü㻹ǷѾ˼ҡŶǰסǶһ
պӣƵĻȡ

Ժ
ս;ŶԵĽ۸ǡҪŷ˵һ仰
ȥ۾Ǻ׵ġζԡ
Ҳȥϧͷ۾Ҳ׵ġ
պҿ㡰ʮߵܣأƾŹ¹ؼң˵
㿴һۡ˵Ŷŷˣ˵ŷ˵жˡָ
˭κȥ
ŷ档ЦһȻǾŶ
ѰˣŶ߲ýǶΪ˵ûģŷ桪
һֱڴϵͻȻۡŷ棬Ҳһа취
˻ͷ
ֻҪҽŷչصĵط⣬ܵˣðһգΪԼ
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ŶҽΪ㿪ͨĴţ
Ȼŵзޱаͷ˼ˣЦ
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 100 

ԪƢа֮Ŷ˵˼ŭʹƽƽͣͶڽĤͨ鶯޴У޴ĤĤšţĤӡ
ŷڵϢ
˵άһ˽ţ̫Ğᣨ̫s羮ͷάסͷĿӪ顢Կաأ縮ţ
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˶̫չթˣô񶾵ļıĳ
˼Ҿŷˣʧȥ˿ƣ±ڣӵǰġŶҲƽҸһƱȥˡ
ԭˣЩġ㻹ŷ档
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ĺá常Բ˸Ҷ㣬ĸҲѡþŶ㣻ҴӳעҪˣκҪĶҪԼȥȥû˻׼á
ԭҲĺÿࡣ
롣ŶȢľĹ湫Ҳᶯ㡣
Ҫֻһ붢ҪȢֻȢһˡ
ʹȴֻһˡȹܸеأÿѣҵľͻĪʹ룬ܾ֮Ϊһ̻֮ʱʹ룬㣡Ǹ˲㣡ͷŷ˱ģ㡣
еīأЦ֮͸ӡôֻһ䡮㡯Ŷð
빫ӣǵǵĶԼ𣿡ŷ˼þŶôѹ˾ģ⿪˾Ŷ½󡰺Ѿأ㲻Ҫ
ѩϺ̻˽ۡ
Ǿʹ˶ϰɡŷ֪ҾŶǣֱ治̼ľѹ㡰ϣҲԡԶգپˡҲƾŶ˵Ǿ仰
ھŶǰ౯ŷǰ֡Ҷأ
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ֽץס·
پʧˡҲ֪Ŷ
㶼ѾˣΪλҪôء
ǡͻȻ˳ݣЦ̣·ղһжһϷϲˣŷӣӮˡˣ
ʱȣʱʹõıǻԼϰɣ
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˽ľˣ㶼ߵЯ
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뱧ȭô󷽵ģֻǡǹܰԵˣЦ롰ǳżȻˣս϶ȻҪӮء
ܣһø㡣Ŷ̽ͷݱӰץס¡
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СġתסɫءŶ
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ѹ뻳ŷסķޣҧסǣҲҪԼҲҪ㣡

 105 

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ˡ
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ԳϲŶӻʱɽĳ´ף
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ŶЦָŷҲҪʲôͨϬ裬ϲƣȻҪеһʥƷˣô𣿿ɱΪҪ޸ˣûСһơƸ룡
ػûйһΪƸˡ
ҲҪҲ¶ɫҲʮҲ20أһ˿껪40˼ҿɾûҪˣ
ʵżס֣ЦЦҲǰ鿡ûӱˣʱ㲻޶У㲻常ȴû취ɡ
ô֪㡣ŶƲͷ조ʲôȥһкöǸеģŷˣΪôȢңûأ룡ûСһơҼ㣡
ûغƣŶҲǺȢŮӡŷЦ̺˵ļաΪ񡢰̧ΡҪȢŵŮӡ
Щ񣬶ҶҪŶԼ֡ҪĲǡ

 106 

ʦʦƹͻȻ˴Ľ
ŵĶ˶һͬΪǸ̫ϤˣǻĵϷֱʹδĹ
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ŷֱ̾ˣɥǰʲô취һҪǣϹϵˣȻŶڿԸֳ֪ŶǾģҲֳԴģ
ŶȥסҪ߹ȥˡء
˻תͷ㣿
ƺҲѾ߳ͣתŶ
ôˣŶǶɫ֡ղŽдʦλʦǣأûп߹߹￴ǵģѾһˣʱƺҲҿ϶
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ˡ֣šŶҸղſʦĪľʹضҪɱҲʣͻ֣ʦˣôҶҲ
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Ŷŷˣŷ˵ͷãҲ뽫һͼǰûɣõ˾Ŷһֱ뿴һͼ
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Ϊ̫żʦǣŶԼδ顣
ȴʻԶ˿ʼʱĲȻ𡣹ͻع͵ȻŷǰĴ󴬣ΪҪЩȻСͧۡ
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 107 

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ΪʦǽŶֱıźСӨʦǻҲ˵ŷҵĲƸ⶯ãԼµĲƸ㹻ŮӻࣻʦҪЦûнࡢû¶ȡҩʦôɱҵʦأôٴʧȥ˵ʹ
ǣҵɵġشıš
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Ŷŷ˷סСӨŵһߣЩ˹ȶѵľŶǳȥ͸͸
ץסСӨҪСʦҪСʦ
ŶСʦѾҩʦˡѣⲻجΣģǵʦˣ
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ˣķйű˺ѷζʹий١ҲѹˣʦʦʦСʦѹˣҩʦǻҩʦŶǵɱʦǶаҩʦ
ŶͷҪзйԿصĽУȴһ·ʲôţһڶв
ŷ˵۽Ƕʪˣ̽ȫѹڻŶагͺˣҪš
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ܿҧ˼ʺҺȾ˰䡭

 108 

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ʦǸɫŹֵĺӾȻϣʡ
ؾ̧ͷŹȻĲȥʱĸһֻϮϣʡ
ϣʷǳŹ֣ɫ׵ĿĹ۾һ㻶ϲ
ʦȹҲ˹
ϣʼһɺ⣻һƻ
ȭδѾ֣ϣʺ;ŶϣһĹѷɣס֪ܵİȹʣϣʵĹ
ԭŭϣʼ״΢΢¶һ˿ȵЦ⣻Ҳˡ
ʦ;Ŷͬʱ
Ŷŷ˵ı򵹵صϣʡ
סʦôˣ
ϣֻǿŹһ仰˵һָɱʮ
ʦþ˽ʣ
԰׵ʱֻȻ˵ϣʣָģּʮ
ҪдơǲǡҲݵıޡʦ֪ǻҩʦǻҩʦҪɱʦ
ȹִˣ·𱻳һϣǰʦŶʲô𣿡ΪǰҪأ
ϣָǰ֣ʮ
ʵǸʮ֣
ںңʲô룬롣
Ǵϵָͷմһ
ң
ͷʹ
ʲô벻
ؿڵıֻͷʹķ·ըˡ
Ŷ㲻ͺŷ˷˾Ŷɫʳһ˿糺졣
ͷһתͬɽһܳʺ
֮ںϻ⣬䣬ѪػѪ壬ײ
ŷ˷סŶסϢ
ȴסһɢǺӡ˰ϣΪ̺ĴĿ
˿ɫǰƮȹչ׹
˼˶ת
˫δԼʹʱ԰εĳǰȹİǧ˿ٲ£ܽش˿̸ǲ԰׵ļҪ͸ѡ
㣬гʹŶҪβܻŨɢıˣβܸƽʧȥʦʹ
̧ȹаɵÿʹĴ磬ȴȻһ˿ػ˱ˣеĵҲǶԼġ
ƹɷ䷿ŷ˱׵ǲŵˣȻƽüĽǳ˿еĵǲ
Ҽһʹ·Ҳˣ¶˺ɫ⬼ף滹մѪ
ŷڹ˲ôˣֻþŶ
顭
ظһûбƻĿͷ
ʵֻǼƻˣ¥õġ
԰żλʦ
һԣȴӡ
붼뽫յһӳʦĶȾʦ
صˣǼİĶעİ֮СͶĿȾһ֪ЬȻɣǾ֪
ֻСЬűȡж֣ʲô˼
ӦòĶȴϽţ
ȻûйŶǰ㱯ʹʱԴתϸϸĿСЬӣвͣתϵÿ׮飬׮׮
ȴһʱΪ޷˼ίķ谭Լ˼
תͷǿͷȥش˿̰۶Űȹ֣ɿɣ

 109 

ʲôûУ˯ĺ졣
ŶˣȻ𣡡ŭڶߴľޱĴֱ
ʦùŶȻ۾СС˶֫סůޱߣҪȺߣȥ϶ŷͷˡ
磬ŶᱻġȰ˴ֱ¡
ӦůĻȴķ·ǡˡ
СС˶ˣۡ
ʺѪĺСӨɫҰף齩ӲЦӯӯĿеĲͷͷǹѪĺ˵磬㿴ŶðˣҾ˵˾Ŷǵġ
ѪĺҲЦĹ조ǵģã۾ŶˣҲϲ㣻һġ
ŶǰһĻˣҪˡ
ͷȴ˫˫ס
ŵĻͷֻɫҵЦšŶʦǰôˣ
˿ҲѪ
ͷʣŶתһߵĺ档
ϣüԣͷͬǯ·Ҫļ򶼼ˣָָﷺߵһ˿ɫɫס˾ŶעĿ־壻ѪԼԼɫǡ
ŶŶŶߴ˺СӨȴû¶ȵĺ
̧ͷͿȥʦǶΧߣֱųԹ

߿
ŷˣĶ
Ҫ뽫ֲɢ
ŶѡһƬڰִ΢ȴӸο塣
Ҫץסʲô֣ץסһů
ǽס
ʦǶȥʱĿֲģ
СӨָֻ˵ĸ׵¶ȡ
СʦŶֹȥ
ȴûԶԶվš
ʦϡ
ȻĴ磬ٿȻھŶǰʩչƽľѧ΢Ц
ʦĿ˶Թϣϡ
Ŷִһߴ١
ϣʿһ˿⣬ȥеĳԹ֡
ϣָɫһ
ͷ
ŶŷԼϣ
յĳëɶ˼£ˡ
˼𣿣
ӳǿһֱϵī
ȿˮ˽ˮ͵䡣
еĸɬˮȪһȫȡδһ´ꡣ
һ¡
ģ֪Լںη
ٺȵ㡣ȻѣεĴʧȥɫ
ʧˮˣеֺȵһЩˡ
Ķ
һ
ʦǣҪءʦѾǣŶˣҲزˣԼùЩǻذһҩʦ
ҩʦҲ常ĵ֮һں;Ŷ˲֮ȻҲѾǰɽׯĵˣһ˫£ֶΪء
Ŷۣиȴϣ֣ǲΪ˴
Ĩɫ
ŶΪˡ
ץסǣ̧ӭɫü߼Ĺػ
ɺЩ˿ƵĹС
ͷ΢Цָü䡣
ֱץΡ˵ôôǰǻǵԺˣն
ĺůǰһΣ䵽˻ǣôأ
޾Ϳްɡڻ䡰ûˣ㡣
ᱻů̸ˣΨпĲű߼ʵţԭ˱ˣĿ˺ôһ顣
˿ڻûкãʺ컹ڵʡ
ĶůǶԻ
ҲѰ˿Լ⡰ŶҲԻƹΣᣬʲôģҾҲԻضŭĻ϶ӲܣȻԻƹ￴Ҳûгʹһ˵
Ӧš
ŷ̾ʧȥ˶ʦҪʧȥ㣻ټǿӶᱻ˵ģûУ˺֮ʱ֪Ҫʹء
ʹ𣿣
ϣֵһЩŶȻѣʦ
ҲΪѻأΪŶӦ㿪Ȱ˵
ŷЦǣлŶլʺ񣡡
լʺ񡣡һҪԩͷǣ޹
Ǹɫ
ϣɫۣʦΪβ˵

λʦĹǰȹɷϡ
ŴС۵ϣץסһ߬
Ų
۽бһ¡
ڸһ˰ɡվ

һڡҰ仰ҲˣһҪ˵

ҵûǱ书سݡôΪ֮书ء˵ݡ
Ȼ
һƮȹɴ

ҵûнĿǰ߹ŲţҶҵ֤ݣ֤ҵס
˵ڴˣزɵסöСЬ
ŶָĴ̻һۣͣס
Ŀָ䡣
Ķһֱ֪Ψдбѽɻ󣬾δ
СЬþŶĿ
Ǻεϸ緢Ůӣ̲׽˾Ŷ΢Сı顰Ķ
Թȥ
Ŷ־׷Լһֱ֪ġ㲻֪˭ﱻҵ𣿡
ԶУء
ʦ߬ŵġû׷ƽĸ
ԶİȹȻӯؿѵѾ֪ʲô
ĵعһҪȥҴʦͻҩʦ
ͷ
硣ؼıԣȻˡ
ͷҲصĴ뿪˴ûӰ

īȴһ£ۿŻϾԼϲˣŷ˺ǰοΪ⻹棬ֻԸʹȻɣ鹫Զ顣ôŮģīת
ǰȻҪʩչֶˣʶһߵá
Ŀԡ
ɵΰЦԼ̫ĸоˣ¶ЩнˣأȥǣҵķŵڷһĸԸҪΡԣԼԶȥһ
ƹౣأˡȻձæͷȻ
ת
ŷ˺;Ŷһͬת
ѵľԼƭԼ
΢۽ǣȹֱȥ
һ̹ǣ⽭ϵĳȻʪ˻꺮ǡ

 110 

ͷ
ŶһСؤӹšʦصϼˡ
𣿡ǰһ
תݸһϵȴ֡
򿪣ϸϸ𡰹ȥҴʦ𣿡
̧ͷ㲻ȥ𣿡
ŽߵİӣɫҪȥŷ桭
ŶʦĴ㶼𣿡͵һס˾Ŷ˫硰ҪȥҴʦȻȥһҩʦ
ҲҪҰŶϸһ˪ҩʦôɱ𣿵Ļ
ʦǲ˵ҡͷǵΪҪʲôˡ
ҾǺҾƳġŶЦ˭ҵСʦô÷õǰ֮ôף̫ˣֻǲʹ˿̱˵߹ֵתҵ䶾Ů
ԼҲң֪ιȰźá
ŷ˿дʧٶʱڣī𡰾Ŷ̰ɡ֪ΪҪһ֮á
Ȼ֪ҵŷ洦һЩȻȥҴʦ㡣ŶͷӦң˻ҩʦҲҪ֣
Ҳ¡ɫŹֵĵͷǡҡͷǡ㲻Ҳ㣡ʦĳҶһҲҪģ
ĹâɢƵĹɵҪ˲
֪ʧԣ㲻˵
ŷţīת֣Һ;ŶѰ常̻ϣ߹Ī;Ŷ쳣ҲΪŶܣһҪΪ˸ۣǲΪ㣬ҲҪΪ˾Ŷ
˵֣أҲ֪ŶǱ֮ˣǵͷãȻ£ȻȥҴʦ
ǻᾡϡŷ˴شǾʹݱ𡣡
áȭ
Ǻ͹ֱǰŷ֮ء

죬ഺ겥⡣
ˣеľͲʫˡ
¥˲鵽ڶɽɽű߰һԺһƧĵط
˷롣
ں󲢲̤֮
ŶһӣżѰŷ档
ȴòպҡ
պȴƺԾĵܾòˣŶ
үɺãŷҲ̤ڡ
պҲȫ˺õӣһʱЩ죺ȻѾָˣ
ŶޱĿպҺߵˡҰأ
ŷǰīһתһ΢չ뵽Ȼڴټүྩһүһпɺãպ֮ûޣٶݡ
պҿ˾Ŷٷŷˡŷӣһá
΢΢ѤáүǽӵϢ˵常ڴˣǷ棿
Ȼһ̤ڣָ齾ŷϰ澭׼˴š
ŷ˻
Ҳٲߡ
ϧҲˡŷЦԾ뵭˼֡Сү·Ҫ塪
һ

һ£תˣŷ롣
İĹͨ¡
еĵ紵ҡŲ
ŷϰְɫŶĿ⼫Ϊã˫ҹèۣǰУԶԶľ˾ͷ
ŷһʯ⣬С
ʯ洫ŭ˵׼ţ
ǣŷֺ;ŶˡشҲС
ٿȻ
ʯ֮䶴һĨӰѾۻҪĳһ˫ֱǰİ¹ӡ
¹ӲҵŸ󣬽ӱֱܿƵצ壻һСժǻܿ˵ķâԼĹתۣ˲㡣
˵书ΪȻ⣬һʧϡ
ŷҲ󡹦Ծƶȫ£ֻҪһʩʱޱȵľ
˹ȻȽļвУһһЩƵ̽צǰѩɽƻס
һԣϸŷ˺ͺȭභ
Ȼŷ˾ֵʱطʵȻʮ֮͹ԡ
·ɿգڷ˿
һץǣŷ̵ڶͷһƳצ᣻ؿڡ
¾ԶϽǡ
ظһӲֿա
ͷצѾ˺˷ĸ󡹦ۼҪ˵
ŶĽúͣסˡ
ŷ˶ڿˣǺһʧõ常ŷ棡
²ŷûдı䣬ֻһЩһ粻ײСԵ
常¹Ӳڡ
ŷϸ۾Ƕôĵӣ
ӲôմءŶѾǵǰǿþá
ŷһЦӯӯòŮ书٣ȻԽʮˡʱòʮС
ŷīȡл常佱
ʮУ˸ƨ
Ȼ΢΢Цš
æЩЩˣҪһˣԺ󰢵ֿԽ̵ˡŶסŷ桰ЩӶȥˣ
ŷ㲻֪𣿡
ܿҵĶĿŶ조οҵô׷Ĺء
ŷһ˾ŶͷЦš󻹲Ǳҵˡ
ŶЦΪϵľӦö˰ɣѾȫĬдˡй¶ٰɡ
ŷ֪ƶˡ
ǸôԶ·ˣ㣿ŶЩãתɫСүһһ֮ã޻˵ڱտھ书ġ
Ŷŷüҡͷ
ջ֣תǹ⽫Լıŷ桰֪һŵģ֪ĻΪʲôСүʦء
ŷصĳ
常ŶֻǸ·ƣֶġŷ顣
Ŷŷ滽һûһ˿¶ȡ
Ŷ㬻ͷ
ֻȥŷšûгԵˣҲʱҲҪһʱϢ֮ʹ֮ںϹͨ
͹ӵϢǣŶȥ׼Ŷͷ
ŷ˼ʧʦʹȫ׿ƵģЦüͷһ¡
ȥ̤ȴס˼ͷ΢̧ͷ
ŷЦҲлҪ㣡
ﲻӣȥ׼ڲ˻
ǾͶлСүˡŶƺûн٣
īȺУһͬȥ
ʲô·Ե
ЩڹϢİ취Ŷ˵ҵĹ޷ܺõ澭ϵ书԰ҵϢתԣӡ常澭Ŀɷ˳
˳˳Цǳ֡˳ǾѶҾǰˣҲ޷ܺõĴﵽʶľ磻ǲСղûȫɣ
īһˡ
ʧЦŷǰȻ޷ء
ֶûã޷ܺõĿµ2㹦С
޷ƣ㲻ãŷĿ棬Ƶʲô
ԭ֪µ书
ŷ̧ۣﶼ书ŵӡûʲô常ţұˡ
ã㱳ɡŷ治ĵҪ֪ʲôŷ˶ʱ䲻˺ˣ
תø󡹦ŵõ㣬õ֮ҲһۣǸҿûôī
֣ľ仰ֻ䣻׽Ѿɲף
ο׽ֲѧŶ챳֮ʱ͸֪֮ʱõ˵ˣ⴫ֵĺжȻȻֲ£뱻һͺ׷
ŷ꣬Ŀ
常Ȼĸ鼫ŷ棡֮ˣ
˶׼ʱŷͻȻ޹ʻ
ŷ常Ǻ⣿ʱˡ
˵һ䣬˵ǸӲ㳤ƣƺҲԾŶŷȶŶͨļˣҲ˵谮챳澭ҷģҲģٲԸ⣬ҲҪŷŵġ
ֶĻ᲻Ը⣡Ҳܷġżûܴ߶Ҳ˶
ŷһۣ漴ĿһǾ仰ɲҪڡȥɣҪϢˣ
ǡҾǰ̽˵Ŀһۡ
Ϊһ䣿Ѳʲô

 111 

ô˵Сү⼸һֱඡŶؿǽɱ
ž롰ô˵ŷҲҲط
÷İ׹צҲѧ͸ˡӸղŷ˶սͿˡõģõĲŸࣻЩŷ˵ľС
ҧŷأߡ
ȣҲԶˡŶԳ
˿ҪĶˣ»£ȸˡ
лСүЭԱǡŶл
Ҳȭ
֮ڿŸԵ뷨
Ȼˡ
ǽʹڣŹٽ׸߹Լ˲Ǳʾ;຦˼ɶѺõڣŶԾһ㺬壺Ѻ޷صı¶㣡
Сү
ﻹк£
СүһֱҰڴˣﶼûȥ𣿡
΢Цǣһֱڴˣﶼûȥ
Сүȹϥ
˿ԶűԶתǵȥ
ָ߬䣬¶һɫɫ
һߴԱߵĵһֱľ
ˡĿ⻹ѾʧĵطϵЦš
С£ȴĳԵʪζࣺóԣóԣ
ָͷСĶͷԲˣ΢һ£ܿܳԵϲĶˣ
ǵ𣿣С˴ԣ۾ϲĶΪŪԳʱ䶼Բô˵ϣˡ
ܿ죡ұ֤ŶǱߵĻȡԵţ
С𴿺ڵɢ˱ȱʯҪĹâϲʳѪܵĻģ

ü䡣
ŶǱ̵裬ֻһƬУòλðķƽеıϣָ仮ɢۡ¡
ȹһչ̵û֣߾ɭͷ䡭ۻֻ赸ֻʣ¹Ǽܡ
ֻ˾̾ǵɫš
պҵͷŷŮ书߳ǳҲ˵ãɷˣ
ŷ濴ˮϴ֣ӭ
ŶԸŷһŵǰ֪ζ᲻䣬⽭ϵԱȲðɽζûƣֻίˮę́Ĵƣã˻
ŷȻ书ȴҲǶЩңƱ͵ߣɵءһСڣϸϸƷһںȾۿŽľšþơ
һֱŵȴľŶֺ̻ϲߡϲͺá
պҺžơ㿴ŶТ˳ԹԶȥҲ֪Һൣġ
ǺԣԺԲˡ̵ͷ
ŷҲһƣתš
Ŷŷ沼ˡơЩӾȥҺ͹˺þá

ΪһҪ½أŶͷ⽭ʪǻذɽɣӵҲˣҲܾú
˰ɡŷЦ
조Ρ
ŷҲ常ǷҪ
Ȼյŷܾ˾ŶذɽбйŹ֡
ŶġպЦŷӦս͹ʮڼ˵ı䣻ǿܲôˡ
ŷ˺;Ŷһ
⽭Ϸ羰ŷֶŶߡҲԵȼһսһذɽ
ŷ΢Ц򲻷һԵ常
Ŷת档
Ȼ常ľȻӾǡŷīһᣬͷʮ廹ЩӣԺ;Ŷúһ
Ŷת
Ҳã׹צԽʮƵıһҪġŷ˵ߡ˵ǲǰӣ
һ΢̡Ƕ½ϣ㶼ûľˣβҪ鷳顣
ðŶüǣ˵ˣҪŶκ鶼ҵ¡
īȻ

ԺլС
̤ż
ֻڴͷʧȥŷպǰαװЦ⣻ûһ˿ĴţָͣĦʲôĶ
īȴ£ѥᲽ
նӿԼǰ
ŶʦҲѹġȻ֪Ϊ߹ֵġ
ůִ䡰û£е۶ѡ
㣬ǧ˿ѹˣҸĻ常˵
Ҫ˵ס̧ͷҪͰ˵ʦ顣
ţ
ܵģαûȤŶҡͷֻЦ˵˭书ˡ˵ĶԣⱾǶ˵飬ܿ˵ġ
ŷҲԣǾŷ˵ĻȻô˵һյġ
Ŷ˵ҩʦҲ׹צ𣿡Щ
ӦðɡҲܿ϶ҲȷûпùŶΪôʡ
ûУֻҩʦҲֹεġŶ뿪ץšܷԸأ
Ҳȷҩʦ书常֮£ҲĹҲѶԸͷָһֱĦһΡǺҲ¡
ŶݹȥһС⡣
ŷ˽ӹתһۣǷǳµһֻСЬʵزϵȵģЬӵӵҲټЬϿŶ֡ȡСĶģ
ʦġŶ
ԭֲһֱУݻŶܸҲв̫ģԼӡֻܾο
˽Ҳ֪ͨˣȴ֪߹顣
ӣǾŶˣ󣬾ͷ־Ŷǰ˺󼸺Ƕű顣
ŷ޷ԣֻóеˡ
üŶôˣ˵
Ŷҡͷû£ֻЩ
ŭŷˣǾŷǾŶˣ¾ŶϣĲǾֻ
顣ŶԣֻǲϰĽ죬Щѣɱˡ
˵ߡҸղպҵۣ׼ըҩʲôģҪڼʲô顣
Ŵŷ˺;ŶָһЩ񣬾Ŷһ
ô˵ģϸϸ˵īһָ
Ķ˵
ŷīɫšΪӮñԣԸҪô׼ΪҪӮʱȫӵˣ
˿̣һöӰŷ˻˫ָһУȻһöɫڡ
Ŷ־ùڵȡһСֽ
ŷ̽ʮ壬ҩʦ¥ȫӾս÷֮
ôɣ͹ҲԼʮ¥ȫͽ߹һϸ£ҩʦҲȫԼˡ
ô¥ǱضҪġŷۡ
ŶֽеСЬһԡ
һͷ𡰰ŶôҲûк͹ӱ׹ôҲѧأֻСЬ졣
ŷ˶Ųֹͣ˶֪Ьӣ
ǰЦţЬʱҿйŮ˵ģ˵ǺһŮӱʱõģȣ˭ΣﻹСȡСأŶģ
ҶʦġŶЦ𣬺˿ڲ衣
ˡʲôֻһֻҲ˶ﰡ
ŷ˷²豭һȻЦˣΪδ˿Ц
ӣУ
ŶûֻЬôУ㶼˵û׹ҪʲôôС
īȰչ

 112 

ʯС
ȹۣµһЩġ
ŷͷӹʣµأ
þ룻ֻرԽЩŶסվŵŷֱۡҲ֪Ȼԣ书ϵҲܴһ֣ԾŶҪòܿ϶˼
㾡ˡŷ浱Ȼ֪һδɿ֡𣿡
ŶЩһֱһ𣿡Сģҿۡ
ŷ˦Ҫˣȥ󣬸
ŶšҵȻˣһʼôԸһֱ㼸һ˭֪Ͱ˵Ҷٻ֣ʧȥĳ谮תǰˣΪȨ׵ɱˣɲҪ
ʲôɫѣŷŭǰŮȥ
ûаĻŶߣֵ
СԼߣƢԶǰɽ磻ŷɫͷŶ˲֪㻹֪ŷν͡Ī˵˶һ㣬ǾŶҲǰɻȱұۣɽԺҪ˶㣻Ǹʲô
ǣŶϲҵȻ֪Ϊ˾׹צôһأѧûУ
ŷ淴˵أǵЦⶼԵа̡
ŶЦӯӯŮϲˡ
ڿ˰ɡŷҪˡ
ŶŮһŰˣŶ
к£ŷҪˡ
ȹȣüĿȻҪǱ罫СʱŮι
Ϊ˴°ŷͷȽ
Ŷӹȣٶȸת뿪ʯҡ
ϣŶĽЦ˲仯ΪնΪᲽԶǼʯҡ

ҹڷ
Сŵ㡣ڱԺһСڣƻ´¶
߰شųصľӣȴᣬƺ¾ĳЩƵġ

Сү๤Эˣ
ĿЩ֮תô
һжƻСүġЭظ
صͷһҪСģǸŮʵݾˡ
ǡЭȭ
еĺ˳ת塣
۾δϰ߱ĺڰһĨаȵİӰȴС
޳忿ǽеīȻתţ˿īšʵĿаǳ뵭ЦЦһһչڱߡ
䱸쳣Цŷ֣ôûаޣ
СүһûתбڳϣĿ·ܽ͸ӡôըҩĪ˵һ¾ȫӣֵĻҩʦӲ֮֡ƣ·̸껹㡣
˴ǡԭŷѾ֪ˡ
ˡЦ⹴˻ǡҾһ²
ߵߡŷֵ˵޷
Сүкն񣿡˵ҩʦȫǶ常ģкأôֺкĿģ
γܹܲ͢ԿҴֻЩνʿת壬ӢϴŹܵļЦɹŶԴñδҪεЩΪǵʿ
ֻΪˣīȸס˸˸
ΪΪأ
ŷ˲ÿɷǽСүû¹Ϣ
ӡŷ֣Ѿˣ
ᡰǼʧں¥СүϺãϢʹ㻹
Űɡʲô
һֻСЬŷ˴óһֻС˵㶨֮ӦúǽǣԵ
ˣȻǶ֮ת֮䣺СЬأ
Ҵˡŷе
ֻͻջأīһ˵¹ҲԵԻСүֻҪ֪ڣҺ;Ŷǰˡ
Ͳִ𡣡ҴŷӲᣬֻóļǴ̳ŷȴҪ̸ˣͲǸֳ֣
ŷüչЦǰҲֻСүһ̳ˣҲȷʵˣԽ֤ҲгͬСүⱼæ¿ȴŮ˽ȴ¹飬ȷֵ˽
ߣɫ¡Ҳ֪ʴˡ
Ŷīһϣ˴Ц΢ǳ֮顰ˣҰˡСЬջڡСү常Ƣ⼸ûܶίɡ
ûʲôۿСЬһպɻ󣻻شЩӦ
׽ÿϸ΢ı顰常ͶԵһྩϣս㣻Щ⡣
Ŀ˵⡰ǲԭŷҲôദֻЩϲס
ҵҪСүһˣβʹ常׽īȺţҾͷβƴӣ
յ΢΢鶯ŷˣŷƴӵı¡
ٿȻ̧Ĺâд󾪡
ܵĻŷʵ̫ˣĵСǲܶɡҹˣǾҪǰˣŷЩЪ˰ɡӶȥ
עıӰīȵ˴ߣóһֵֻСЬš˲˷ĩ


 113 

Ƿ˼ǰˡ
Ϊ˲Ŀŷ˴žŶǰ
ΪŶδûѡˮ·½·ǰУͣͣ󵽵һˡˣȻȫӺͻҩʦˡ
Ҳη֮Ϊٹպȡٴ󺣣Ǯ̫Ŀ֮ˮ˺ݹᾳڣެƸΪ
պ¥ԱߵһҲ¥
ǵڼ˳ľĺȲ۾һ¥װŵĿţ¥ѾǱֹ֮أȻ¥У¥ȻŰ
ŷ潫ԼںԺķպҺҲ¶棻ֻŷ˺;ŶڳĴ棬¥ֻ档
ŷ˻ŶȥǮŶ˵ͷۣδС
Щ𣿡ǹľŶ塰ӣּˡ
ŷתϸЩЩѣ
ҲϲǸûζŶЩûȤû£ҲҪ̫ˡ
ϲҲҪԣھȥҪݳɽׯ˻ҰǲƤ¥
Щ˲β衣ŷšŪЩ˲
ͷȥŪ¥
Ŷɵҡͷ豭̫෴ʵ䷴ھ˲εҶûθڡ
ԴһЩӣʳѰе˿
ݳȥҲչˡŷЦšҪ㣬Ը޸ңʱ˭ȥ
Ŷ֪еѹʱμСʦģеǺͽԽԽŨ
뷽跨зǣȴڲᱨ飻ŶԼ֣תӣҲƺ
ŵĳ֣Ȼϣһͳ˳
ֿաŶ
ʲô㲻ܶԣŶ䡰ЩӣĲɵġ
սյ֣Ρ
Ǵҳȥ۵ģ㶼ʼ۸ҡŶǱΪֺã
ɡȥ
ȹȻɢŭԹ
۽
ڡֻ˵طȴڲһ֮£ҲҲҪ㿪ڣΪǰҲ˵
ҩʦǰֲ常Ը㱨ǲҲҰ׽ȫ޷ڸǡ
˭˵ұˣСʦԻԼŶԡ
ǻ˵ʲôҲ֪ưոݵġ㲻Ǵˡ
Ϊҡɢ֮
Ŷ˵¡īȺġǲҲأü
Ϊ㻹ǲҪ֪ĺá֪ô࣬ദˡ
ҲϬˡҲ˼
ӡ
ü£ɫءգü΢ŷǣڰ׷Զ
סԱߵΣ¡¥˵ЩӾ͸Ҵ𸴡
Ϊ£ɳ˰¥ȫ̽ӣǵ˴δֹǰ¥
ȻһϷ顣ȹɢĪıˡҪ֪ࡣ
ǿĲࣿȵָ߬
ŶͷҪ֪ûп顣
Ŷ
Ҷ֪ҩʦû澭κһ书÷統ʱȫ»˭书ۡһᣡ
˽۵סůϢڶߡŶţǱҪԵĻŵˣ
ҿϹӡӡɵӡȻۡ޷ƭԼΪҪƭң
Ŷ黹ûࣻڵһжǵĴ⣬һƾʵݶûСסŵˡҲţ֪ͽ߹ֵĸ飬ôģ
أŶʸԸۡ˾飬ʲôˣأҪԴҪԴ
ܰɢˣĳΣһжǲɣŶȻҩʦˣ˵½ۡ
ĵУȹܷ֡ãģһе¥˵

Ľɣǡ
ʢĵĽȳʪ׻
꣬ŨأȴѾȻͬˡ
ûȥ¥飬ĺһڼꡢκġƷ衣˸ÿһʤǵ㼣ÿһɲһ
ϡ
ѵýպ䣬ûлգˬķ紵
ɡֵĽϡ
ˡ
һ˹ĵͣɵ̯ǰ
ˮۣЩ»פ㣬
еĲ˹ţһ¡һ¡
ʲôˣīתߣɨһЩЩ˵Ʒܿʲô

̧ۣ۾ķ
Ⲧ˹ô
ʮġɺܺ桰ӣҪ
ָһӣ֡ǰĲ
̰Ѳ˹ĵݸллˣģûؼ͸Сү棿ġ
ӵġЦһߵŮӡˡ
ȹһߣԱߵȥˡ
ллӡȻ֣ȴҲʮָлִ󷽵İ¹ӡ
һӵľŶȥȻˣɫȻǲֹվͿҪʮˣʱܶҪŶסˡ
ɶΪҪ־أǴɱ֮£ûбֳ˵ȴ£˲ҲΪĵմˡ
Ϊ壬в룻ŶֻܿһһˣϣĲ²Ǵģһж粻ĻҩʦΪǲźأ
߱룬Ҳֻ̣Ŷһš
۹⡣̻šīպƣϲѣ˵ĻҲǡ
Ŷ໰еתȥŮõȡ
һµӳ
ϲ¡˹ĵ˹ȥ
Ŷһۡӣʲô
˾ŶܵСء˾ŶС
չüһ˿ãתҲ¶Ц⡣
ԭһֻССĲ˹ľܵЦⰡǰôĶһۡ
һǵ𣿡ȹչաϧܲͨ
ǵãྩʱƺһʱ˶ģû뵽ǵôΡϲĻҿ¼˸еĲ˹㡣
ͺˡ̰ġ͸ЩˮϼšȡҪɢ˼
иŷùûзµӡȡɢ
ˣæǮӡȥһȦ
áҪȻ
תţû룻Ϳ˿Ĺվڵ⡣

 114 

Ŷɵĺŷһ棬л𡰾ŶǴδȻ˼棿
۾ãŭ⣬Ҳ˵ѣǸƢ̷ŶТͽѵжȻ֡
͹ô֣Ŷ˵иӶ˵ϡ
ǰﲻ˵ĵطǻط˵ŷֽӹµȣǰ
˻˷
ջ˵꣩
ڣֻĽħһֱصš
ôˡʹļסǶȻƢЩĳǺõģû뵽ŶҲЫѪ𣿡
´벻Ҫŷͦ¼һֱʳѻģɢģĪҪ
ߡãȻûʦôҩʦأ鼰һҩʦӦòѰɡ
´üȻ֡īȺǰòȫӵľսȡ
˵⣬һʹΪ߹ֲһû뵽ɥȪŶǻҩʦǲĳˣһҪͷʦ֮飡
ǡҲ޷ʹʦ
ֻȴûŶŶ
Ŷȭͷ
ǲǵʦ֣ŷ˴Ϊԡҩʦ书ǺܸߣǼδؾһ
ͷǰŶŷ˵ûƴȫһģˣǻᣬһܱģ
ŶŹֱкһʹ˵ʲô˵ʲôֻܵͷܿ˹͸۾
һТҲһ£ΪŶͰ°Ҳ軻
ӻóһӣߵŶǰŶҲϰɡ
ӹ򿪣һס죬Ƿѹ̫õı˼
ٲɣΪԼϲɫ飬˸СӨҲһöȫ׵黨СС÷ģ
͸Сʦʱ򣬻ʦʦһ١
ǺСӨȴͬ£黨ոʱԲ󣬿ɼ˵ϧ֮ġ
ͬǧصŶıصѹסˣСӨĺãһĻĻһζζǰѹ޷
عɽСʦղʱͬһҹػϸĽԽŮһϷԷ𴲣һͬ£ΪᷢӲôһ䣻֪ҪȥɽСʦһҹίȻҲСʦ׽ͬһλװչػ
ټΣеĸ鶼ӿ
ŷ˼鲻ԣתƻ⡰´ʦ֣ϢҺ;Ŷܾˣٲȥ常ҪˣҺ;Ŷ
ŷҲڼˣסЩ֣ʲô
ŷ˷Ŷ߹ֵǻδ常ֻҸذɽ֮ǰ˵Ľڣԡ
Ҳ֣ͣҲúǣǵҪ常档ڽ̫ãҲԸ⽭߹ֺʲôǣ
ȸˡŷ˼շҲ
͹ԱȭǣžŶ뿪˿ջ

Ŷûлز¥ߵ˼˸ĳˮߡ
Ϧ³еĺȻš
۲ۣ򿪺ӣ÷ɢĹóֻΡ常ƭŹҲƭ
ôһ˵ڵĹŤͷޱȴ̹ǣգ뽫÷뷢ޡŶ
Ȼǽ˷
ϣҪΣһʹ
ʦ𲻹죡黨֮ʱľѶ
īȱ조ԸҸأ
ҾǣҶ֡
šǰһ󲽡Ҫ˵һжûжˣ߹˶ķ꣬òײڵľ棻ֻΪ˾Ҫ
ʦѾˣûʲôȹԴǼϹˣҲҪƭӣƭҲֲԸģǺܸжܹΪԼƭˣƭã
ٿȻϢаķ˲ɣҿŶǲӻɹүκһ˸ҶҰɽˣŷ֮ģ㾡ȫɱ
۽ǻĵ޻չЦȴѩĿаϡ
İ˻֮꣬ľ
Ͷۡ
˽ܰѾΪɻȱģ»кܶܰˣѰˣסŶùȥɺã֮䣬㻹Һ˭֮䣺ŶݵôҾκˣ£㣡
ָֻǽץסŰɫǡ

˳ڡ
߹Ҳ˻ҩʦҪȫӾս֮£ԴӺ̸ˣϣͨŬ¡˭֪ȻżĻؿе֪˽߹ֲ֮£ҹ϶ǻҩʦǡ
ʦ˵᲻ҵضѾˣô붼ŻԼĵɱ˹ʦǡ
߹̾ģȻаôķ񣡡
ôˣû˿ȻԼп϶ţ϶ıһֱѹǧʯں߹ôһ˵ǧʱٽ
߹ĻȻĵļͷǿȻƢãĳģұƵʱ֣ģضжȻЩģ˫ûˡ
ллʦضеĵͷֻк߹ܽġ
߹еͬġ
ʦ书ָˣضҲܹĴˡ
߹ЦһľģŶҲ֪ľϸĸ֪ϰ˸ǿҩģѾָ㣡
̫ˣһֱĺ߹塰ǾŶҲ߹ֵӣȻƢЩ粻ĳ㲻
ǰȾڰɽӲ̣Ѿסضŷ˺;Ŷȥ϶ˣ
صͷұ׽סʱô˵ģʦ˵϶᲻Ϊ˾Ŷ֣
߹ü˵ģҪԸ¾˵ˣ侮ʯˣ
ǿô죿żϾԼĵôҪԸʦһҪ취ź߹£ضôأ
ģġ߹ŻصֱҲô׾ͻµˡ
ص̾ɶ񣬾Ǻɱ˼޻ҵģ֪ˣȻܷŹ
˭߹ȴˡ
ȥţ֮һô㡪ǣ
ϲȴǸɫ


 115 

컹δèƵԾط䡣
ڰڼžƣϢƿţ룬š
ͷϣص˿⿪ҹµ죬ת
ӣ
һ
ŲһˣȻϢƭԼľġ
ڴ˿΢һЦЦţīҡš
Ŷ׽ƽº£̡
΢ɨһ㣬˳ҽЫӹ˵ĺ󱳡
īȵۻչ¶¶ı
еīȵĽȴǹײѸٷתܿµơ
ڿпշһȦȴīȻǣͷұ۹֪īȴڴ˿̴򿪣ֱۣƽչ
ʽҲһ絶ĺһߣīȡ
īȼУҵջػ漴󷭣ֵ߳
Ŷԭأŭ
һȻ縡
޹Ȼ޷
ŷЦĻҹȫޡ
ȻѾ֪ڷˣ
¡
Ц߷֣īȵ׹ڱۡҲ֪£ġ
òۡ˵ĶԣҲݶ
ǰ̧򦣻ɳŶš
ɱأ֣߷ߡСʦʦһ
īεĴü䣺ôɱʦأҲڹׯ֪ͽ߹жãȴɱǣ
ѵ㿴㱨ѥǰһôﵽľǲɢǣһʹ࣡
ˣЦǺ
۶ת
ȥĶ׷
Ȼ常Ѿõ֪ģȻˣ˵˵Ͳء֣֣кηֱ𣡡
ôҪԸľˡסеìͷ׼
һҲ뿪ˣ
סˡ
ͣڰյ𪣬īȺġʱϣȣԲǷǡڰףֻҪҲܻȥ
ˣҺЩûˡҪܿͻᱻԺ󡣡
뿪Ҳܿ챻ǡ˱Ա˴ˡ
Ǻܺá
תĻȣֿס򦣻ԭšһֻݺͺ⡰ŶѾˣݵôʱҪ뿪ˣŶ޹ʵʯĳΪθ޾õϣ˺ΪҪˣ
ûпޣֻǿŭŤ˵ˣ˵ôأԼȴ޷οʼѪ˿ڣ
ôϧ㣬ܡֺס͸ļīߡأΪѾȥȴҪ뿪ң
ۡ
Ϣڶߣϡڴߡ
ǻΪңϵ۲Ϊаᡰ˯Ϊ۾ܿСʦѪܵģǵģҲݶǲԼ
ǾԼݶļû¶ȣһڿеȴᶨĻСŶļƵóѣСʦһԸ⿴˱жȹ
ΪΨһ㣬ָƣϰĵĶ㡰ΪҪСʦңҪʲôҲǷǶأҧʦʮ갢˱˴ĸŮӣ˵⾿Ϊʲô
ǱţĳԹϣۿסֻ֫ܽסΪŷ档 һΪ书ʲô˵ˣ
ǰȻ޷ɱôðɣ߶˵ҪĶ

 116 

ʮ塣
¥
ɡ
ȫΪҩʦɱʦܲͨҧгҪ˳
Լ֮ء
ڵĵ־˴ĶҲ̤¥ʦǼеѰŻҩʦ˶¥Ȼ
¥տգ޼ڣ˵лҩʦӰˡ
ȴһȹŮڴߣǧ˿ں˿С͸ʤѩüĿ续޷Ŀһˡ
ŶȴһϳǰȹŮ
Ŷڣǰþòˣһпɺã
ȫ˶ˡ
ڵͷ֧һˣŶ㳤ˡ
ڷһˡ
öī֡
ŷˣﲻָ̽סŷˡ
㲻ŮʿûзŹɡŶ
ƾӨö־޷Ŀ
סﲻ
ŷȣת񡰸λ
ڿ˾Ŷһۡôһ𣿡
ŶһۡǰΪ˺ͻҩʦĶԹɡҲЩҪѯһЩˡ
ʦ֣˭ﲻŷ˶ƺͬһ㣬˵ֻǱ֣װЩȥļˣֺƲͬ
ɹʱСѣĺܡڻǵԱȹ֪߶٣ôߵ£취ùȥġ
ŶǵͷȻǵȵͬһˣǿԡ
ҪﲻŷͬġСȰһ䣻ȻĲƷԼɲҪԿ޴˵ȥ
лõѡŶ΢ЦҸңұҲϰɽҲȥԲԿŮ֮䱾Ѷ
һ仰ȫӶһǴ治ľԣ
ǻͶ࣬ȫȻһСۣ¡
ŶһһֱעĿȥ˭Ŀ⣬ֱĲơҲйעӵľǶĿתĿᱡ
ŷ˻ڵĵ֮һ־
һ־ʧĵͷ
ŷЦ赽ߡŶ֮Ī˵ˣǵʿˡ
ɫŶĿʵᡣ
ŷкЦûùŶۣǸİ˵˴˶֡Ŀǡôˡ
һչЦЦ飬аעĿȹˣһ¾Ŷķʣһ̣ӹȥһĿ⡣
־ӵʶһһڲ˺УֱǺԲֹ
𴦻ô㲻Сģȵ趼ǺԼ
Բʦ塣
ŷ˺;ŶһЦ
˹
Ŷ͹ˡ
Ҳ˾Ŷͷö鷢

ҩʦ̫ˣԼ书ǿȻɱ䡣𴦻ԣߵһϡģȫһŹġ
лͷ
ڿһԲľŶҲΪ˴¶
ͷ
ڿīˡŷҲ֪ˣ
ŷ˵ͷŶȻǽ߹ֵĵ֮һҲҰɽҪ֮ˣҵ飡λģûи常¾ôǣ常вףֻһ˶ѡ
һҲüٵŷˣͷ
ȴǽġ
ʱֹͬͣһ㡭
¥һ㱡
ɶǻҩʦ᲻Ầ²ˡ𴦻ڱۼ䡣
ڶšʦܣõģǻҩʦҲһʦԲġ
Ŷ򳣳ſڡ
ڵˣŷ˷ˡ
һϮȹ̤룬һ䡰ˣ
ҩʦ
̿ȥЩ조¹
һб
Ҳ
ȱŰų̧ͷ˰ȹ¥
˼˲Ҫ֮ˣջע
ȿŶ͹˹ȥ磿ôҲڴ˴Т磬㣿
ҲĪ
ȿŶôˣ˵ǣԼǰأ
ôˣҲתŶʲô⣿
ŶǺŲ裬
ĽŶôˣ㵹˵仰
Ī˻ȱŶƵĺŲ衣
ʲô˼
Ȼһ뼸һ
ϧĳ϶¥أ
𴦻Ҳû뵽Ȼڴ˼ʧڸļ޵İϧ
ϧһˣǼ˰ȹ˵ֳˣأ
һӢŵĳ¥϶¥ô
ĸ׵ֱ֪֡
סĹС㲻úţǧʲô
һ̰ŶתĲ豭
Ŵԣһ
СŮʲô˼ŭ
ûУأ˼ҽأŶƮƮ
Ũ˷·̸̤ƶ

 117 

һ͡
һ
һŮ
ҩʦָ͡
һš
ϽлˬĴЦŶǱؤ߹
̤£ǽɫĻء
ôҩʦһ𣿡һУҩʦѾǺһˣؤֱͿʵġ
ҩʦɱλʦ˳𲻹죡۾Ｘת۳ȵĳ͹
־ԽŮ
ˣʦ֣ȴ˲һ˹ǰڿжݣīһֺգ˻ҩʦ֮ǰŵ˫ָС
׼ޱȵĽĽָ䣡
֮죬ȫӶˡ
ŷˣΪңУ߷߲ƽǰ̡
СɹţȻޱܰ⵹һȻСοѾú߹洫;澭޹ա
ǽȴ˿һ硣
ŷ˲ָ˳һڹ󴦡
û뵽ᶯ֣ʧ˷۵Ľ֡
۲תס
ɵĹеĿսڡ
ҩʦ߹ҲЩĿһ겻书ƺ٣
ĿǶˡΪʲô
Ͻ̬ҲƽһЩ
̫ˣ뿪û뽫ϧȴߡȣߡ
Ϊߵĵ𣿡ŭȡ
½㣬ǺŶһУţ۾ȥǣֻע
ȻͷֻŶһֻСЬ
жֵСЬ㲻İɡŶ˹ȥ
һӣУö࿴֮ôھŶеģ
Ŷ̾һ¡Ҷù֪㣬λСүҲ̫ôˣϲģȴ㶨ﶼת͸ң㣬ôأ޿κεҡͷ
ȲȴֲܲŵĿ
ȣ˵ôңôܻϲأæҡͷ
СЬǼ٣
Ҫô˵֪̰Ŷò书ָߣû뵽Ȼ͸
ŲǣҵСЬͲ֪ȥˡı⡰ˣ񵽵ģ
˲ǾŶң˫ֻء
ȫŪǳһҲܣֻ˽ͻҩʦĶԹ
ڵôôԼһ߹һʨӺȫӸһ¡
ھЩΣ㵱ʾ˲Ҫ
ƣȣû˵ɡеϵ
ȽŽɡ
˹½㣬ȷȿģһĹң;ŶĶʦϵ˵б
⻰ͷһ㣬˵
Һ˵ЦߡĹ֮СҾͶֻ֪СЬȴԲģΪλһϣȥϽУ
͵ģ뵽ϵľԣʱ͵ģ
ʲôʱģŶȻţûпۡ
֪ģں¥Ժʱϵġ
ϣڽġЩĻţĿ롣
λʦȥྩңȻֱһʱǵأŶŲ裬Ц
ҲڳԣǴྩһ·û㡣
𾪣غ;Ŷʲô˼
šСүֻϷűȴ֪ȡ
λ֣ˡ㣬㲻Ҫ˵
˳ΪֿտգȻ㿴ȴ޾⡰̤һɱ˽߹֣ͼ޻ҵҵΪУ־㣡
ҩʦǷļķߡ
ЦķǳȻЦҵ书ƽƽôܣ
Ĵ֮һĳ˵ʱߣ¾пܰɡؿһֱδŷˡȻϣҵᡢ׷ɱҲ˽Ը͵Ը񣡡
˭͵׷ʡ
ûлشϣǰд¡ɱʮǳ϶ǻֵͷֺγֵĿͷ
ϣʣûϵȻ˼ǡ
һֱûп˵Ϊ˵ͷҧˣ޷ڡһ۾Ŷ֮ǲɱʦΪϹӵĿڸ߱ҵɱ˽߹֣
ʲô
ȫӡʧ롣
ѪˣֻΪҩʦѡѾ˰ϧ󣬲ӻصͱˡ
еļƻǳصͷ˴ҵ·ߣ߹ֶΪǻҩʦϾ˭ڵϱܿأͨء
ǰû˿ԣ
ҡָˣҿɲǣŷ˿ԣһףȻûгɹȴҵһͼΪŶ뿴
Ǿŷˣָ
شЦ㼱Ϳˣһֱ;Ŷһ𣬶ɱ˾ŶĶʦĿĺڣ
˭֪ҡͷǽ߹ֲͰͽһʹɱ֣ԣ
ŷҡͷ̾ıرƷˣ˺
ЩˡʱϲԣѾ㷴ɲ
û뵽Լ뵽ýڣƷˡ

ʲôҪôǲţĿܻĺûģ
ҪˡбƻȻȴĴ󣡡
ҿ
һĹɱˣᵽҲܷŭα߹ֵɣҵɱӣȴҲ룻ҵôĹȾѪ
ڶȫ𷢵ľȻĹײϣʣһҰſ𣿡
Ҳʧ󣡾ҧϣʣĿһ֪ܲĳϵĶǾŶģϣֻҪһж֪
Ц𡰻أҲ֪ں˵ʲôֹԼĸףǣŷǺξģ˵ԵϣƱ
ؽȾһЦҺʱ˵ŷˣ
һ
˫ֱε˵ĶѾ¹ˣŲţͿǶˣһֱԵİϧȡֻ˵ϵĲֹһŷһţʲô³Ƕ˿
īڴ˿һչҡҷ
һֱЦšǵģǵģѣΪ˻ҩʦѣ
ϧĬˣֻܿ
վ˻ҩʦߣɨһ۹
㻹𣿡Ŷ
ŷȻţץסĸ첲ȴ绬ߣ
УӰһУѾЯȽʵдһ䡣
ΪҪɱСʦŶ
ӰҲХҾ֪Ĺˣ㣡ǿʽҲ
ŶʹõǺСӨڵԽŮ˽Ǵĩ꣬ԽŮ龫˫ʹһܴǧ׾أСӨȴǰŶϻ۾ףȻͻ֪ĽԽŮľ£ϮԭľĹ̶ȣַҲô˽ɹ塣
ת飬ѾϺصȣߵĻŷʺ
ԿϸŮýԽŮѰ䣬û뵽Ȼ
ָŷƷڽ
˽Ť
תгһֱߣȻʱֻҪ΢⣬նʺ
ȫӶ԰⣺ǰСŮӵ书˵ãȻҶսʹԽŮ·ǿ˴ǧ׾ŮϺʱСŮӣ
ŷЦХһƷ£Ŷǡ
书ֹ֣֮ҩʦͺ߹δѸݸңƺڸ󡹦Ѿһֵ书
Ŷ֮˫ҲȻʽأ˫ƾȻʽȫͬ书һƹģָӲƴŷһơ
ʲôŷҲδһ˾Ȼͬһʱ̴ʽ书ı㣻ʹ飬ڿз˸һߡõʲô书
˫ֻѿڡ
˶
ֻŶһΣһΪָ֪Һͽ߹ָãΪλҪ֮ɱǣһȻҲδ㣻ʮ֮пᣬҶΪ㣡ΪҪɱʦҺ͹ӣ
ŷվһߡɱɱˣûôϻ
ߣŶһЦȻˣٵð澭
㲻ɱŷһչƷץ֮Ȼǿˣŷ˾Ȼδץס
ߣŶЦϴ׽ЩЧˣҪЮң
ûϵɱʦ˾Ȼӻҩʦŷ棬ؿΪĻشǷߵŶΪΣҪɱʦ
ϴ辭׽𣿣ŷüһĬŹӣΪΣȻֲ˵ţ־
Ҳ֪Ŷŷ޴ûеõõľôɱ顣
߹ȴƺ뵽ʲôŶ
ôˣʦҲ֪
߹׵ĵͷ϶ﰡ϶Ϊ˵õ澭书Ȼ˲ֶΣ书뺦ԼѪ𣿣
ʲô
Ŷ۽ǿź߹
߹һĴȡŶôˣڻĵΪ˾Ĺүʲô
ʲôŷ治õ𣿣𣿣
ư߹˾澭Ƶ߾磬ʯͷȻ飬Ѿɳʯ˵书Ǿ澭еĴƣ¡
Ŷԣͷһ
ҩʦ˶߹
߹žŶŶľǡ
Σ˵µŶ˸С书ţұ
ǺˣҩʦҲ˺߹֮⡣
¡ŶͷƲһ˵ҽŷ棬һ㣡
īһϡŶˣļƲ͵óˣ
ǳͷҴŷѧģŶҲ侲Ŀ²ȫȻ֮أأǳͷͷûɱûкݶڲˣһ
ֻǵСʦʮɽĶأĹػأȻͼ˵
˵Ŷĳһ֡
սīȡŶҪΪȥĺСӨһж£ʲôˣʲôˣ
ԡǣˣҲȱСʦĶ飬ζ¥¥Դ˳Ǳɣָŷ桰ʲô޹أֻʦ𲻹죡
ҪԵĵһңŷ˺ӣ
ҼȻ˵ҪݶŶЦƾβĶôΪΪԸ㶼أȻİ׳ߡ
ҲԾ磬㻹ʲôھͺ;Ŷɱŷ
ҩʦҲ˫ֱϽл㹦ûлָԸ϶
ðܲͨͻȻȫӶʧɫаҲģŶ˵ȫ̺߹ܿɥҲҪæ
ʦ壿ڽг
ܲͨһָŷǻڵʲôС߶ǺþŶ߸
ŷȻǺãһûʸʹľ澭
ȻƷҵƺҪ˺ѣ˿Ƿ˵ŷƵġ
ȹҲԾָΪצվ֮Ҳǰδеģ
˵ײ֮ʱŷȻӣƴԼȫ˫ƶײǶ˼ײġ
ȴڴʱ࿴𾪲ѣ


 118 

֪Ҳ֪ʱȥ˶á
ŶֱֻǵԼƺпǶ˻ɱҪԷزſϰݡ
ӡ˽
ס첲أŶأĶ
ˡӣǻصɽˣŶ˽ͻ˰ɽԺЩˡ
常أϼءŶأң
ʹۡ
أµӣŷеĲѸ˵ʧ˷ִ磬Ƿʹ
ӡһ
Щŵ̧ͷ¹
ȳͷ
ôڰɽŷ˶
ʲô飿ǵԼƱŷ;ŶĶ򣬵ֺŷֵȻ˵û̻ԣŶʹصĹȥ˴ѷѽ⣬ˡôˣǡ
常;Ŷû飡վ΢ЩԶ־ŶһжΪ˱סŷ
ʲôΪҪ˵ôڰɽģ
ȵļصʮǰĽϡ
¥
Եŷһߡ
澭ŷ
ȹѳˣŷƷ룻ֵɱŷѨ
㡣һплڡ
һߡ
𴦻ὣָʦŰ࣬Ȼͬŷ񹲷ߵĳ£ҪŻ
;ŶԵŷ棬ʱֲ񣬱̴ĸ͵ģ֪𴦻סˡ
ȵĽŶȥԼֿȭˡ뿪Լὣ𴦻
ȡȫΣһֻİȫеĸжһʱƣʱҴȰĸͳȥ˵
֪Ϲİȹȴ׳һҧʺȥ
һצ
ŶŭӡߣΣ
ǴˣʦȪԼѿգĵӰһѾſѪײеһ档
ȻἸ־׹צΪ˻סĸףǾŶĶ֣ʮвѾ֡
磡𴦻ܵȼ״̲һеĳǡ
½㣬ҪذĹΪֹΪ˾
סȡ½㣬ȡԹñ˵ģ
Ȼŷ潻棬Ҳߵһŷ˿ӣһƸ
һָŷ̿շ㡣
ҩʦָި
̱߹һ
Ŀһ˾ŶǱߣѾסʺѹƿǽϧҲסֱۡ
Ŷ㣻ҪɱϧĿžŶŶ㣡
ŶЦšôСʦ
ҲƿءŶҪ
ŶǶˡҲҸǰŮΪ飬Ҷ㹻˰ɣ޹ǵ裬ڴ˿ȴݵľǰ׹ָһѾ˫ò˫ҲҪֱˡ
Ŷϧ㰡µ̱˾ŶűߣסĽšҪ㣡
ŷͻҩʦȻţȴδ
ҲǰһŶ
ҲȰҷ𣿡Ŷһ롰ʦ֣㿪˿𣿡
ӷϣ촽׵ֻʣ°˵ڣУλʦĲ˺йصģΪʦ𣬾ŶܷĸˡʱԼڡ
磬ˣһ˹ǰ磬๼Ҳ常ӰΪ常Ȼ磬һθĹĻɣΨһĺ˰磡

ۿŰϧȶ޵ĿҪȥˡ
磡Ӧ常ģҪúñѽס󣬹ڵϡ
㻹ڵʲôڴ˿̳ŶɱȻ͹һɱŷ棬Ϊλʦ𰡣
ŶǣֶȻצɱʦվ۵
Ŷ֣̽ס˾Ŷֱۡ㲻ɱ
ѪȵƽעŹ
ŵĹȴ㿴ĺϣľ֪ˣҲҴӦ壬Ҫģ
һ𣿡ŶҧǱɱСʦɱСʦһλΪĸ׵ŮӣɱΣɱһһ
ŷ˵ĸף
ֻɱʦ˵ĸ״ȰԣŶͺšһ¼ţ
ˣǡ
Ŷ͵ƿϵ綾ѾҧѪ֮
ͻȻ
˴󾪡
ֻϧ֪õذףžŶ
𴦻ŭӶϧô̶ӵģ飡ʧڸļޣ飻Ұ̳ ̫ˣԭȻڻԼ˲ɣ㾿Ҫ˲ſϰݣ
ϧĿ䵭˫ذףžŶ
ҲЩˡϧӺŶʹʧʦնϽԵѵ㻹ѵĸ˽˲ף
ϧɨһۣذ׵ķȻ
ȵкȻһĨѪȾ졪
Ŷ֪Լʲôֻϱһȡ
ذ״ǰϧಿλ
ϧЦ⡰ŶҴծУ

ѾعǣǶѪ㡭ᣬ˵ҲѾȥ
ɵ˵
ҲɵۣסİϧôôɵǶˡ
ϧȴ۴Ц⣬עңԶİȹš
˵ɫҲЩˡ
ϧպȵĲͷˣҲ¥¥ݿھͿˡȫܽʵǰסӵ塰ϧôˣ˭㣿
ϧȴ΢ЦҲմѪ֡үһѪӿ
˵˰ȥҴ򣡡סѪֹ˿ڡ
ϧϢȴˡ
ȿȣȿȡſˣΪȱӻڿն
ϧҪպһۣȴڴ˿ŮӡϧҴȥҴס
ڻ㱼պҵôˣô˱ĽȱǰԺˣУ˷סȵϢ
̿պң˦˦ͷԼһЩ

۾ˣٶܺʱ򿴼ǰŵһĻ
죬ȫסˣϻԼĸȵѪ
쳹¥˵ڰϧѾֵԱߡ
ǵģ
ָڲ۾ǴЦȥİϧ¡
Ҫϧ

Ҳ
˼״겻ѡ
ҩʦҲǰ֮ˣպҵı飬һʱҲԼޣⲻƣ
ɭɭת˰ȹϡ㣬
ʧȥСʦʱûŶʹغüԣŶĹ޺ı񶼲ǣҪ˵ϧֻΪͬһŮӣίѾԼʹ޷ߡǵĲ֪˶᣻ŶһʧȥˣؾԼҲаޱȵġ
ٺ١պұϧϧǻؼȥˣ
¥֪ںʱȻѾǣΧȻһƬãã
صݸŶһպңΪ˵ȼ¥µըҩǵƣǶѾ֪ˣڶؤ;ŶˡҪʦ磻Ҫŷ˺
պһͷ
ŶȥϵѪߣҲðϧΪҪġ
硰ߣ
̧ͷȽ䱸
պҲȻŰϧʬ뿪¥

 119 

ѾףΣ쿪˫ۻ֮ǰ
ס˾ŶŶ˰ɣѾʧȥ
һᡰôˣЩ˵Ĺǳνϴֵꣻأʮ̵֮ҲնˣһҸ޲Ҳû˰ɣ
ŶŵİۡҶ飬壡ʦ֣ǶҪۡ
Ҳŷ档
ǶʲôصŽħȡܡã㿴ǰѶϵĲΪǱ𣡡
ˣ
˴󾪡
ŷĺݺ𡭡
Ŷ˵
ȹ˿ǰǸӲ˭ϥĽŮӣһͷؿ˿¡ʦŹ
ŷĿĶŹµŮǸ߶꣬ҲͷѾͷ
ʦҲܣŶͷҲɱӻĵģҿԣɱҾǣʦɱŷ棬ٴζܽ׻ʧȥԼġ常ʦҪȻɱңϧҲԣֻҪܽ
̧һţ
һ֣Ŷʦ
ʦ֣ѵ֪ʦЫŮŭ
ҡͷŶЫŮǶȫԼҲˡ
߹ֱҡͷ
ҧ
ܲͨĬһߡ
ʦ֣Ҫô죿Ŷ޵ڹҰҪô죿
ǲŮ֮飬ǻض᲻ֹ
ıŶһ취ް
˳˼Ƿ֮ʣͻȻһӰϮ˾Ŷı
;ŶȻʹȴԻǹӲ乥
˫ƶײϮŷ档
ŶǱתŷһƴ˼ͷˤ˳ȥ
ܲͨۿּ˰ӹȥþŶ˳վ
Ҳ˲
ŷվм䣬ָžŶӽҲһţ
Ŷʤѩļϸһ˿糺죻æת֮ǹɳײ͵Ϯŷ档
òҪ϶Ȼ͵ϮһСܲͨȻƤҲ֮ģȻ˲𡰽ͯҪСжǾŶĿһ֪ܷйŭý˻

ͯͺŷ֣˴¥Ͳ֪ˣ۾Щֱ
ԭˣ澹Ȼô顣ŷ˰⣬̧ͷǹôڣ
֪ǾŶ

˵ͯŷ뿪¥¥ʣ֮˲Щ
ǺܵԼİΣ
ȿǡǻɱ˿籨𣿡
ҩʦȻ֮ܺˣ߹Ҳò岻ˡ
ȫҲʧһҩʦĶȻ¡
ȴʧȥ˵ķŭʹС
ؿ;ŶҲ޷
ҧҵܻһȥǡ
¹ôɱأҡͷ
ȻˣҪˡŶ
ţ˿
ҿԲɱŶһ۹ʦֲɱŷ֮ǰֻҪڹҾͲɱ
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ȥɽŶ൱̵Σʦ֡
ôأǺŷ˹ȥŶ¹Ůӣ
ҷŹǣ˫˫ʦ֡ȣûкĳѵˣǺ˭ҾƳģжĳʤѩ͸˵֪ʧȥһ᲻ģһ˻һˣʧȥңҪһҿۣعҲϲȰɣᣬӻϲģ˵˴ȴһ˿顣
ȫһ¡
ɱٴһΣŶȶࡰסҶ֪ţ̲ܶüһ£Ҿ˸һںδƬⶨȻ͵ǰ
۾һѶ˻ţŵ˼
ǸˣС𣬲ھͳԵࡣŶھεĸߵ߹ڡȣСϲѪܻ࣬ٶһ֣ҾпظԵ˻࣡μסŷüһ֣ʧһ磻ŷѪһΣȻǧУ
ĻвݣǻҩʦҲо˺˿⡣
ǺʱܻԼ
ŶЦ֪ʦֲɱŷ棬ֻҪڹߣҾͲᶯֺʦɱŷ棬ģɣ
˵˵ȥҶҪšǻȥŷʲô
ˣѹػߣ˼Ҫ͸ŷˣ
ʲôŮˣŶƲЦΪŮ𣿰ɽ϶Ůˣ½òȻˣ
Ŷ޷
û˵Ŷ䱳𲻴Ӧɱ˵練ƣ
ȣ㲻ȥ֪᳹ʧȥȵġ
ȱۡ㵱ʱ֪Ҫʧȥңŷɱλʦ𣿡
ҡͷᣬҴˣȣҴˣҪȥҪȥ
ŷʧȥ˾ŶŶʧȥңָաƽܹƽ
ģס֡һ£Ҹŷ˶֪ģŮ˵ģȣһ취ģ
ߣߡ½㣬Ȼ˵㻹ʲôȻҪ㻻½㣬㻹ûпĿ𣿲ܵģŷȻŶ˭֪ܶð㻹Ŷ㿴ѽ
֪ȲŮӵĴİȹ

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֪⡣ͷǵģӣҺһҲٰҹദܶ飻ֻԼܰˣ´˼ƣҲȴ飡
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ӡҪʲô
ȻȥǿɶѾͷˡôģԼ뿪ѾɣȻ˵Ů͸ʲôЦ
ȥҰıӰҪ㣬ӣҲģɽͨСӣйصĶһҹ֮ȫʧЩƽľƶˣµڵˣеĺۼеģҶҲһ㣬ֹƾǣ
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
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һ
ʱδתתۡ
˸߲ҵ˲ԭҫ۵İɫ񡰾Ŷô˯ҺһӡӱʡŶ
ֻǻ¯ȼţǿյġ
˺һŲݻͷΪǾŶȴµΪģĽ롰ھӪһҹδ飿ǻĿǶʧˡ
ͷ
̾šȻܸ˵ҪԶסڲԭˣϣ룬Ͳ취ɡ
򴽣İ취ѾˣԶʧȥĵЦݣѵʧȥʹ𣿣
ۣ
ԼӪʣĨɫӰȻá
оԼƣÿֻаԼ۵˼²ܰȵ˯ţȻܿλʦ߳壬ԸΪǱ𣻵˯ˣۣŵ
ϵĿףëĹУۡ
ǻݺͽ𣿡۵˼£ȻܸоԼձڵϢԺˡ
ת˳
ǡԴ֪Ϊλ֮󣬾ʹǰһֱЦѵЩʿڿɶ־£Ƕ򸸺Ϊ˳
ˣܺùսɡǴأһСŮӾȻɼ˼״ͷôʰǡ㣬£
ȥʰӣ׼׽ڣͬһͲ֪Ϊˣ
ŶĿʡʲô£
ƽ糣Ŀ⣬ȴʹֹȴ˿ۼŶΪҪ˿ƣŷأԸΪκ飬±ɱˣֻҪˣҶԸΪģȴĿǸǽ룬ŷˣ
ʵҲΪ˰׽ڵ飬˵Ҫڰ׽һŴĩʹķ󡣡ҲЦ𣬲Ը㴩αװ
ŶŻݡ͵Ķҿɲܾ
Ŷô˼ýĶءݵסǼ⡰Ƿ˼ô࣬ҪʲôʵҲϣ;ŶܳһԵģϾ˶֪
ʲôŶŲءò֮λˡڽǰһЦǰɡ
뱡һ֮λأóǸλҲȲɾ˫ɡ
ȹѾת
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ݿһʧԳҲεҡͷվ̫ˣ룬㻹ϣģ
ǵġֻҪһڣͻϣ
Ҳת桰Ŷ㵽ȥȥ
ȥ˹ǷҪһ·ɣô

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ǲԭĶűʯˡľĴʺöȰĿŶλ绪ïŮԼ
ա˶ĸףŮŶŮȴҲɷԼϲ
Ͷջʲô񣻿ȻΪľޣȴǫ
˶ߣöߡ
ȣ㸸ϲˡȻǴʺȴϲڰ׽ԺͶŮǶָɷ׼ʳݣ㸸˵ӱҲ˺ܶࣻǶҪ
ǣա˶ӡ
˵˾Ҫ֣Ȼĸ׽ڿûжˡ
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ǽҲУö̽Ҳ֪ĴȻ㸸æҲǿϣȣҪ˵ûи㣬㸸ܿý룻ҲĽ
Ŷ漴ƽŽӡҲŲأȻôȻҪһλˣôֵ١
ǹ˭˵ȲҵĹи˴ڡ
֪ǳɼ˼ˣ̷ĹݣöҲ⡣
μ󺹣
ɡľ浥һ٣ǰַԼӡ
öλ󺹣ôпʱӦڽµĲŶԡ
׼׽ڵʳԹľ濴һۻݺ;ŶŮڰæ
öͷǰ㲻ǺϲȰĽӺͻݵӱ
Ŷֿ죬Ѿ˺ܶࡰҪԵŶ
ľװŭӡȣղ˵ʲôʲôļٵģȻûзأҲҷĽ足㼸Ҳֻжλܷ⣬ǻҲûзأô˵ԼǼٵģ
Բ֪ˣٰ︸¼ǳذŶæϴ㲻Ҫߵľߣèһ
ľ֪ʵһֱƲֵģԲڿԵĻἸȷݣЩƺ⡰㰡աԺ˵ԼǼٹĻˣ
ǡŶҲ֪ľԼҪĲǹֵٹ⣻ġѾˣ
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Բ𣬻ݣҺؤ˶һֱңӦúܿϢġŶǸҧ촽
Ȼѹϲ¶ҪŹµģһһֱģ
ĽݣиĿꣻиϣ

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ŶЦʲôǲҪˣ
ľľ²Ϊ֮ɣȻûҵȣҲСˣǲҲÿһԼĻˣ
˵ɡȻų⡰˵ݽ㶼ûޣôȼء
öȶܲɣȣĸֻҪˣԵ߸ͶգǸ
Ŷͷûаǲãǰȵԣܺ˼ҡôô֣һֱ˵أ
ľۡǲǻɽСӣ
ôأŶ̷ϡûУֻű𣬿ѵ뱨֮ҵʱ붾պңô˵Уתƻ⡰أ˵УΪβУ
תƻ⡣ľ̫˽ˡȻǷСӣҲԸһ𣻲ͺͽɣԺһصأһֻһ˵ģ
СŶšҲҪôҵԧ졣
ǽʲôãôֱ׵ľܾľЩҲסˡǷСӽѾһˣܷŵɱʦ֮𣿶һˣҪô㡢ҪɹˣôһֱûпӰӱᣬ־Ҫصġ
ľ˵ȥ
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Ŷͷһߡ
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ȣݼһ仰˵ܳ˴ʣҲ׷˳ȥ
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ľ̾ô˵
öָɷֱۡˣ֪λӣȴһҪ޸룬ԽҲƽɣ
ӵϸľҲƽҾ֪˲Ҫ޸ģݶ˵ǸŷˣĵģҶ֪治֪ȻҪѾǱ߶Ͼϵزȥģ
öЦ𡰻زȥĴӲ뿪ﰡ󺹣һڵӪʱȴӲ뿪㣡еһֱڣԽҲǲƽģ
ľֽ˵ô죿
԰ȺþͲҪýԼжöҲסɷ򡰱ˣ֪ϣҸģȶԼŮãǣԲˣòãִкЩ˵˵˶𡣡
ľͷǾܾҲУѰȼ޸Щˡһ浣˼Ҷ
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ľӵסӡϣǵŮҸ
ǵģϣǶ˶Ҹ
ĸֿϣ

 121 

ŶŶں׷ĲӵȻûоŶˡ
ŶȻߵĿ죬ûǻ书ֻߵݶѱߣ¡֪ʲôأҲż갡ҪҼޣɶҲޣƫޣ
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ŶҲˣֱߴ紦Ƥ֪˭硰ŻݣҰ߶ûˣ
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Ŷֽӱװ㰡̫Ƥˣ֪߾Ȼ͵˵Ҫôͷ㣿
һۻݡԲ𣬻ݹùãŶֻǼȲˣΪģԲŻģΪҲκǰȲˣ
ݽôҲأŶߡĴˣҲŲأ
ȣԺ˲ˡ̫ĵɵͷ
ģŶȷϵķʣ⺢ӵĸԶٺЩ֪Ƿԭźϲ
ģ֤԰ȣ㲻ҪԺĻ
ŵĹǺЩδǲ̨Ϊĸײó裻ԸǺܺãڶӶﲢδ׺үүϲӲȺĸԡǺϲŶھŶǰŻЦ档
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𣿡һ̫Ȼʲô
֪ɣݰЦһùùþ͸㰡
㣡лôСӵģŶҽҲûϲʲôǵĹӸء
˵ûУЦǸɽķǣѵԵˣ
ûϲŶŻ
ǣ㲻ϲ̽ͷǰˣҲֻһ˶벻ۣ
аȣҪ޸ҵģСұֹӣ㲻Ҫ޸ʲô޸ң
Ŷ˲ãͶǰɱ㣬ڶҲҪȢ㡣ЦҡͷСӵķԷǺ桰ĸҲһֱ㣬Ҫ˵ˣ
㣡Ŷأ˵ңԼҲ϶˹
˵˰Цݡ
Ŷ֪Щʧԣ̷»㣬һҵģ
Ȼ֪ᣬлл㣬Ŷ֣ݸϲ
ѾҸˣһҸģŶס㣬һҪҸģԲأΪ˻ݺԼҲֻܶԲˣ
ŶҲҸģңҲסȥռģʦ˵黤ӣһҸ
Ҹ
Ŷ̧ͷŲã޼ʵգѾԵˣ
ӣɺã
𣿣
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һ־Өۿл䣬űߵĳڡ

ԼӶеİɫӪǰԲεĴ󶥣Ȼߡ
ڱ¯ůůڣһжǹƣеģԲ٣кܶԼ˴ġȻ޷䣬޷ߡ
յСƣߵǰиϻӣƵһѰֻУУһīϻС
ϻںƤ̵Ĺϣбš
ûȥֻԼϸϸš
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ⲻȥйκϢûϢǺϢ¹ΣգȻҪ֪ΥģȥԸ
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ϺиǣĿһб
룬ҹ㲻ȥЪôҴҵӪʣȻڰһ۾֪Ӱ˭ġ
Ȼ˲ΣȻģδ귢ҸѲػֻǼƣЩ㣡˹
ľҲλ幫ӣίΡ
ŶϻȻбڹϡ˯ţ뿴顣
ôĵƣ
ҲҴΣվһԡŶ
Ҳˣȥ˯ɣǻҪܶ顣׽ھͿ쵽ˣǻΪ׼æϾҲɹһĴ¡
˵˵ɡ֪˯ˡ
ŶҲܾ˿ů͵ë̺̯ڵϣͬȥһȥЬӣ档
ɫƣҰ㻺һЩллô졣
ðȻܡ
޳ָδΪϣȻѹ˽ѨϣİĦšۣܰ㡣
ֲȥɹŵİ׽ʵǲꡰж㡣Ŷָѹš룬ǻȥɣڲǰҲҪ¶¶ģЩС˻֪Ҫô˵أء
ûȥǲȥġԼ뷨
ϻˣŶٶ˵ֻĵİЩƣ
ˡƶˣŶԼλá
ۡŶ㰴ĦԽԽˡ
ȰȥжپһԵİëϣ΢һҪɸǱ߻Ҫڲصز𣻻̫۵ġ
Ϊ㣬ЩС¡ŵƻµ͸ȥһ⡣
ȥܸıʲôŶҲȥʦҲܻ
ȥȻҪǶζֻãֻһˣֻһ벻סޱˡ
룬ǻ˵˵׽ڰɣ㲻أǺͻһɣȻ׽ȫ۵ҪգľԼͻʺڶ࣬λҲԸ檣ֻǵǼҪλȥߣȥֺǮ
ҶġЩһܼƻãĿġ
ҵģͲصȥŶ¯һ̵̿꣬жûмˣö㰡ȥҲˣϲ˵ʵ˭ѹ
Ҳ˰ɣעһһŶ޷ƾͻȥ˵ŷϣŷкûɡ
ͽ˱Цҡͷ˵ټΪҲټǣ룬֪㲻ȥкܴһΪңȥɣ¿Ҳáĺ²ҲС
ʵҲģŶҪȻһȥ顰Ҳʮֵģ㲻ϲعǾסҳǱ㲻Ҳٿʥѩ壬Ҳһзգ
ŶȻЦšУ
Ϊʲô
һȥصص·ͨطһǲصأһԵ˵ˣ޷ԣֻһ·
ʼ硰û취ˣֻˣдңˡ
㲻ҺɲТӡŶбڶТҾ뾡Тˣ
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˵ĲۣۡŶһ֣Įҹĺܡ
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Ӧúܿ죬Ԥ꿪ͻսŶ¡ġóĴ멣
Ŷͺ˵ףҸһ¡ˣ붯
˻ҡŶϡ
ȹ벻ѿڡܺһҲˡ
Ŷ򿪴ȥ
Ŵ멸ʱץס
Ŷվãͷţһֹ֮˽ָ
˫ƵĺһҲչҪ֮һ
ȴڴ˿ÿ
ȹ΢䣬Ҳţ󷽵Ŀˡ
׺ͽԶײӣԳҲá
ҹˣǶԼһ𣿡ƲԽ黳㺣Ҳһ𳤴ѣŶȻûй˼ɡ
׼ô뾹ȻڣҧתŶԺһ޶Ҳ
ŶҲעЦЦӯ
̧Ƕ˼䡣
һʱ䣬֮ɢ
ҹĬģŶ֡
Ŀ䡰㣬ɽˣ
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 122 


ȹˮ㣬
ҲϤĽŲͷ
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ŶϲĿⲻư硣
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찡ݽӵַϢ̲Ѿҹ룻ҹ
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ҹ֮䣬Ƕǵĵƻҫ¼ǰɫӪʡ
£ɫ԰׵ˡ
ݺͽҲʱʡ
ַˣݿŶץű̺ȴϢȫ޵죬вʹ࣬ǰæ
ҡŶŶѹŶ
ŶҲæ
עɫռ԰׵жԼй¶ѾܿƵУĿɷñ˿ʵ飻ܽУ죻ܡ
ܡ䣡
Ŷѹݺͣҡ


Ŷڱҡѣ˯ţӻġ㣿ҹ˯ʲô
ŶѾǵڼˣ
̲ססӻѵʹ޲ֹ
֪֪Լ˯ŷʲôһ㲻֪
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Դ˵֣˯ˣҹҹߣҹҹܱԼȫϢ
һʼĵҹзֵģǷȻȫȻ֪ҹҹߵҹȴ
ôˣ㡣ֻغƣ͸
ݱš㻹ôˣŶôˣΪҪôĥԼ룬ôϲ㣻вõģĥɱԼο𣿡
ʲô
ĿһԵĽ룬㯵϶ɫ
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ŶȻһ㯡㣬˵ʲôѽҲأôÿҹңջʹޣô𣿣ȻʧЦͿˡ
԰ˣⲻǺȻжһƬڵûܺùʦǵѪȣÿ˻ѣʵ̫ЦˣǼ˯ˣôɫأ
󺹵ˡ
ŶڵŮǰ֪

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ֲŷ棬ôҲ˰ԵŶҲްΪǶҵ˼ͰָָǸ
öס쳣ȣеģ
հŶҲסô˯ҹңˣָ䣿հô°һͷˮ
Խǲ֪Խʹֹ
ŶˣǶǿı顣
ſöһ˽ǰ룬˵ʲôˣ˶ͬˣ֮˱пɺ֮˵
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ˣˣǲ˵ҲʾˡŶƢҲˡǶߣȻҾʲô飡ˣΪ˵Ͳ֪ˣ
ԼĺֻΪ˲Լ˯к뿴żıӰԼȴ֪
ԵӰûж
ݿӰҧ
ȻĸЦһ¡ôأ˵ԼšģסϢܻã
Ϊǻһֱ㣬˯˯ֱǶ⼸նúϢԼһҪɥСҲʹļסѺأȻ֪
ӰȻδ˫ȴǿĵط
ƭ˭մ󺹺ʹʺ󶼱ˣΪѾҹҹˣԽӽĳ˳׵ӣϢʱԽˣٿϢǰҹɿ죡ҹûеȴѾ
ҪģǹϢʵϢ书˵ģȴΪһ
ȣӵĻԣľ治ŭͽ顰ƭң
Ųţǣ߾ˣԵӰ
㻹ûģôΪ㵣ǣһҪˣҲŭˡ
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Ųǣ᲻֪飬뱧ס
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ҵİͦһءľ濴롰һأһжõģ룬˵ǲǣ
ͷǣκԶҳݣֻҪһأһȻͶˣֻܹһ
˶˵ѹˣҲ˰ɣ

֪Ƿڣ⣡
ԣǲֻ֪ǲ֪ѡ
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Σʲô
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ƾԼ絴ˮУ
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ļҵģȥѾߵīȣסûغ
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īȱУ˫־ɿٺǺһ¶Բͣ
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в̡ΪҪԼ
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ŶѵľԼƭԼģת
Ѿ֪޷ͷȴͷʵǸ޷ͷˣ

 123 

ˣ
ǡ
У
š
ּҹⱭɷ۳һţɢ
Ҳã֪ǿжŨжʹ飡ˣ
Ҳ̫Σˣһ
ΪҪ
ָѾ˷ۼա
֪صģɽڵıѩǡ
΢˰벽
̧ͷ续Ƕھ֮ҲҪΪҵ·Źڴʱ
ǣӣۼϻһѪۡ

ӻһĩգջҪ
վ΢͵ʵͼǰĿָͬһطΣ
ľ濴һۣ㼸λ綼еǴ˴Զ֮ͼҲ벻ԶʵȴҲô౼
˴ؾȷΪ֮صĽڽ͢ϵӣϮԮıؿ죻˴ĽӲͷԹƧ͢Եã϶ϮԮضǾܿٶ˿ķ֮ƣӾٶȡ
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ݼô˵Լ˵׷Ȩƣλһ֮¡ȫŮ֮ҲǲǲܣǲҪģ˷̲ǺթſأԼ棡
޸Լ̫ģ㣡ȥͭǰϴ
Щ飬ɫҲ֪ھǺأǡ֮ɫԡ˵᲻ỹͻһ𣿡
ŷץ˻أԺ˵ŶǡϢڽϸǣǰϢ
ݴͷôϣƹû²źã
жаףŷδ澭ǰɻġӡҲôɣԸԼ׵ģӣһж˵Ҫǲ֪ػˡ
ˣ֪֪ģôأɻšѵɱŶ书߻ŷ书ߣܺ棡
߰ɡӦš
ȻԿԱֲ书İɡݺĻšȴȥһأҲ鷳Ŷǲûô鰡
ĶһЩ֪һֱΪԼ˽ģҲȫ
ҡͷǰҲףΪηҪڶأҪȥԿǣ붼˵ֶѷģ¶ǣҪһʱ֮ҩǲǾҪϰɽҪˣ
촽΢΢š
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ﰡԼ½ù׼õĶԾȥ
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ݿһһ˼žŶջǰ裻ֻиŶˣŶԸ˼ң˵ȵĽ͵Ŷһۡ
ƼͷŶȻרĵĽ˿߰ɫࡰŶоǺ°ôأȥ
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ŷһһϲͷ

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Ҫȡ룬־Ҫסһīȵס˶ͷǰ˰벽ֻ˫һӡȣҲҪһҪ޸ҵģȣطֻĴҺã㲻Ҫߣ˵鴦ɴһۣҲֻֻԹȣֻҺã㲻Ҫ߰
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ŶͷЩӣҴȥɽòãֻҪԸ⣬Ըѧϰ书
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̽һͷǶһöԷղֹҪڶˣ
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Ŷһקס½׺ĽԼۡ㸸ɱ۰ҵλʦԸծҪӻһңλʦңԴֻ㡢㸺ңûУǵΪ
дһ˿ЦǣׯĶԼҶأ
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ķڷĻϲ
Ըķ䡪Ȼһ

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ĲҪ𣿡ҲЩ֪ǰɽ˼ңҲ壻˵ˣҲԲϣԼͷ¶档
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ѩļˣĿĲ١
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Цֵܰ˵û㣻ŶСĺܣûʮģĵȰɣ˳㻹˴أִЦ
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ҪˡŶбۡ˭ȥĵģʲôġʲôԴ֮󡭡ʱ͸ʱ֪ô£ر
ܾôĽǲģȴ顣
ǽͬһ顣գڶĵȣĽɢˡ
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ǰ̫ˣʱҹҹɣˣĻҹȴⶴ֮У麣Ĺżر
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 138 

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㻽ʲô˼֣常ǰһôڳˡ常ˡ
еָ⻮̿۵ĻơҲû˵ûǰԵǰ񡪡ҲŮˣɰǰ常ҲԸ⣡㺰ףɺ
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СˣǧǵĺظǵĿ󣡡ôѣ
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³нżŶܡŶô޸ͽĽݹأ
Ľݹӣɨȹ˭
ôˣŶҡͷ
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ˣ֡ͥڵʲôѽŶֱۣȴ۽ˡ
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ΪλڴˣŶٴתƻ⣬ýֺͷоõλ¹ӴҪĽݹӡڰ˴ڳͼ
ŶŹҪæ³нźˬĻش
⻰˾ŶĲĿţ˭ţɹҪȷУҲڲس֮ĻôԶڽ֪ˣǽ̵̽ûв쳣ľ˭˵ģ
Ŷ֪ڣ³н
ŶӻˣӦû³н͸¶ԼɹŵĹϵôһ㶼ԼҲڴ˴ƺܿ϶͹ʶӦҲû˵Ŷԣ
۾˿ȥȴӭЦЦ̽Ŀ⣬·˵ӣ˭Ľݹأ
ŶĻתһһôôѣ
Ŷղڡ
ݣձ˹Դ

 139 

˫˫׷
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ʯӲûͣ¹켣ǵ˲̨ġѨһ͡
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ڸʲôľ𾪣վ̨
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Ժţͺý㣻ͻʵ㡣ɹţȾ˵ȥ
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գʲôôҲ㾫ͨЩҽģûԼ֪Ժ游ˡ˳˵û
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취ˡΧϡ
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գѣֻԡ
ö˽ĵͷ

 140 

ʡ
ӭϳĬľŶôˣأ
ȥȾˡŶƣС
˱衰ǲΪ˻ݣ
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ϵ;ŶȻͬŷ˱ƵĹаЦþδƹȻò绨
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ˣҫʲô貨΢С๦Ǵеľѧ
۹Ҿֶ֪ʵΪ˵ĶԣжС񹦣˲Ȼ˹֪Ļ
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ŶУ𾪺ͻﻺūȥ
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ڶ죬ľѾǺµȻľץزѰɣ
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šŷͺߡ
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һЩʳŷ沼á
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ٷأɽׯڵĳƺ
⣬˵һߡٷЩʣ֮磬ö
̫ˣһھƵŷʹ

 141 

޳ָϸڹĶϣ¸ߡ
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ҡͷҲ֪ģʲôĽݣ
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⣬׼ǡָ⻬˿˳ķԼأ
Σļ̵ϣֹס
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Ҫս̾ɽĲסľҶ·Ŷȷ档
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Ħڭĩģλ̫ͷҲˣľ汩ŭĺšȻɱҵܺʹߣɱʹߵĵ
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ߣҲߡΪһˣ
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ǣȭ
ȹתһȥ
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Ҫսսľߵʴ󿪵ſڶŲ캰š

 142 

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ԡȻף˵ѡ
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ǰİ·򸾡ŶЭȻˡ
ŶȻһȹáҿɲΪˣζŹ
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Ŷŷˣ˱ܵһߡ
ܵǰһġһҪСġ
ǡԻݵĹػļǵġ
Ƽȴûô¶Լĵǡо⣬ҪúչԼ
ݡŮӡҲԼĳŵ㲻õġ
Ƽ׵ĵͷ
Ե𣿡⻰ǶԻ˵ġ
΢ЦȥɣֻҪǵòԭи˵㡣
ضĻҾһƽ͡ȻҾͻ㡭
㲻˵ô˵ҲȥɫֻҪǵԶֻ޸㣬ʮꡢʮֻ꣬Ҫһţԭ϶иˡ
ʮꡢʮ꣡Ҷƽʮꡢʮ꣬Ҳǵڲԭϵң
ԣԿأֱס
ŷߣŶĬĬԡ

ǵģΪҪװԾŶæŷ˳Ծ趫ٶҲǳ¥ȫѡľٵװѾˣĺ˹ĿֲɹžʿϵľġĿµͨʿŮӶ
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װ嵶߳ʡ
󺹣
󺹣
󺹣
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ȻȻЩ
Ǳ·ͷɹΡľ
ǡȭԼĿڡ
ľ
ĶУݵӰԵôį

 143 

ģӪ
ӦλպҡͻģĶһվھͼǰ
үʿõϢ̽ȥ档
˸Ի
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ˮķ·֪Ķ֪·ס·࣬·ɳɼ˼Դ졣
ȷأʡ
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ǣݴķһ߶ʿЩӣ᲻ỹͿսһ
СΪ塣պҾþɳˣҲñϧ֮𣡡ҧгݡ
ҲĿ䡰ӣҾʦɹžѻʯ
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Ƕ֮Ҳˡүӳһڶɡ
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һƥƥս겻̤أ·Ǳסʺ۵ɵϴ󣬿񱩵Ҫ
ʿǷ׷ȥ˶סһƥҡδһߣǳҡ̤ĲԽ죬սԽꣻǲ̤ˣ̤Ȼ󵹵³ȳޱȵѪˮ
ססһλƴƾ棬οƵˡ
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ģڳս֮󲻵ʱڣ˰ܣʱ׷׷һڸ֮أͻȻȼĺ·
ǸһɽȣĴǸߵأλڵС
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õ⡰㻹ûб㣬֪ԼӲȥˣɱ㣿һɱ㣬ɱһйͷ֮ޣ죬һ㣡
ʿɱ裡Ȼ
ƫҪǰ㣡Թޡ㲻ǻήʮ㲻о书㲻ҲѧôҲϵҸ㣬ҾҪʤ㣬Ҫ׵׵ʤ㣡
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´μĻң᲻Ҫһǻ㡣֪Ϊôû湻ǲɱģ
ȴڴ˿̽𡰾ŶҪ
һ̾ͷ
סˣղŵĿڶˡ
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ֱ֮ܰУѩϢڸŶ
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þòˣСүϢֱײ񾭡
ģʿֻһλµľɫŮϣ˭ҲǺʱȥģս֮֮£񾭽ţ׷ó
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ͷֻŷ˵ϣǳʱǰپסһ޶޶ĽɡһΣҾϷˣһΣǵһΣҺڴϷϷҷߡ
Щŭ쳣ĽʿУһ˲ŶɫֻŷˡһҪ𣿡ûΪҪأ
֪ͨÿ·СүȥŷҲ¶Ц⡣
ҧסɹŶĵ᲻ӵˡɹأɺ޵ĶŮɺ޵Ĺɺ޵ŷˣɺޡ

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Сҳʲô̡ľ沢ûй˼ҵŮܲأÿһ飬ȲҪԼʲôԼʲôȻ󣬾;ȫȥ
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㣬ĲҵˡŶŭȥŷˣҸᣡѶϣΪԼʴʵ˽
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ûаҡͷǺˣ
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ԶֻҪսһҾҪȥϵ˵
ҲһǶСЩİʣǰЩŮ޷ǵġ

 144 

ʡ
ӲҲˣ˵ʲôҪźʳӵģ˵Ҳգòű˱ģҲܰæŶֲҲߡ
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ҲŷӦģˣ
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ã㾡ҴŶ׺ܹġȷһҪ߸ǣУҪͻؼҡлŮӻĵ
Ȼˣ˵϶Ҳ̽ذɽġ
ϲЦԼпҪˣ𣿣

 145 

һ硣
һϮ¿ɱ޳ɹŴӪֱĳжȥ
˳ǣ̴õĴ
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δҪȥĵطĿĿ˶ɹŴˣҿӰȻϤǻݺ͹ĸƼôڴˣ
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ûҵȡ±Ŷָ֪ˣ鷳סСתȰ˾ȳҴ

ĸһ䣬㶮ؽ˵
ңƼסʲô
أֶԻʡ
ݱסˡ
ǣҲڶԷҲͬһ顣ؽʵǰԷͷԴͨ͸
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ݱƼô˵дϲԣоŶһҪ㣬Ҹһܵġ
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ߣƼתͷݾߡ

˵ŷ뿪Ӫ
սѾ͵˹УԼ˸طʹҲȥ
Ȼȥš
ľЩġףһȥս֮׻Ǿḻ
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Ŷ岻ãͲҪȥˡǹġ
ҷĲ¡Ŷһ¡ףôطҼǵ˵ĵطηǳԷӦҲòˡ
ÿγսһùΣԲĵεòĵʽṹսɷ̤㣬ɷͨʿӦص¶ȣȻٶıƣ֮ű󣻴Ȼǰϸ̽ҲǺҪģ֪֪˷Űսʤ
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عߵ·쳣̽ӻر·ĵƿõо·޵Ҿ
Щ߲·ףŶֱָ·
ײ⡰֪ǰеˣ㻹ðգ
թŶЦһ벻ҵڶȻ·ҪǰȻģһι֪㣡ǣһжֻܣذ׶ҳš
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޵ĿҪݴͣͻŶԼ뽲һذ׳ʣͿԶʱڸϣҲ㲻ִУûлĻᣬͿƽʱѵˡ
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ССĻģʿһյĹͱ
Ҳ˶ܣѹھŶǰ
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ǰΪǸ˵ĶԹ㾹ȻҪôཫʿ
ЦûŮңߺšֲԼӮģΪŮΪ죬ʲôʱƣǻñ㲢ûӮҡ
ҼҹգʿǶԽ趺𾴣Ȼֽȥ
ʹС
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Ŷ΢Цšߣ
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ٲ࿴һۣȥ

Ŷ׾ǰ
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ȣҲϲˡ
Σͷֻ·շԾ۴Ϸ䣬׹αС
ŶͣᱧżˡΣ
ˣҶӺʹŶڸѪ㣬˽ǣҧԼ
ŷŷ֣ŶİȹȻȾˡ

 146 

ڡ
Ŷš
һλɫӣֻ̥ʱסˣоˣҳط侲ٷױסӣҿζҩҽҪҽһźá
л򡣡ŷɫҲʹ뿪
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ҪȻڸĳҲҸլӣȰȥ飬Ѿƿˡ΢Щ㣻÷㿴Σ
ŷ˼һ¡Ҳãڲ׳;
ǾôˣľҲ뿪ŮսкܶطҪЭģıļıҪˡ
Ŷˡľ谮ԹʲôŶˣ
ľݣȴǳ
󺹡֪
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ŷҲã˵Ҳ˵ֻҪ󣬴˵òҪ£źʵ̺ס
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췣ĻµӦӵϡΪƿԵһЩֻˣԺ󿪲·ֻҪĸƽˣ
ˣû֣οãյˣЩֶεģŶ˵ҲδһŮԸҪйҲѪˮˣеҪģȴ㾪ֹ֪ǲЩδԩѪˣҪҪȥأ
УҪҪƽҪĸһҪòС
ĻˡŶΪΪԼģǿڡ;
㻹벻𣿡Ƶ˵
̿ţָü䲨ơϵĿ졣ů⻷ơСҲҪŶϵζŲˡ
Ҫ֪ͨӵֵġɶ
ûôģͫű˲ܼ˳ľȥҸסˣԸǸеĻŮ
ѹڻСھУҲ޺ˣǲ⣬Ψ㲢Ըܵģţ㰲ġ
һ㶨ᡣůƸȨ΢㣬¥֮˴Ѿ֪ͨǵ¥ңԵһУ뻽ǣֻһ¥֮˺ڡԻҡ
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ֻŶû뵽ɹžôߡ
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;ŶһƯŮҲϲ΢Цӣ;ŶĹѪܶ͡ˣǶŵģ˴ͨĲе
ŶۡҪӣһֱźģ˵ѣС㲻ãԡҪк㿴ʵϲ㣬మ㣡Ҳ֡źĻ˵ĺᣬĺܿξ
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ǰɽ˵ͬСϣԼΪֻвɻжҵ˭˲أ

 147 

ɹžӪ
ŷľǰȭŷûоŶǰþɳҲϣΪЩܼ顣
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ݡɱʿֻûģ˱ΪŶսǿ´ˣҲ˳һɹžʿ

 148 

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ҲܣıþŶץĽ
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常

 149 

ټŷĳ棬ǧ飬лϲ򱯵ĳû뵽
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ضһֱڰĹ߳ӭȥ
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ȻǸðżꡢʯɢ䣻ڶ͵ľᵶϣȻһһµıңɹžŵľ׮ģʿصĸƴ
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ԣĦڭĩպҴԣĴռʱӦԴԴķţǣ


 151 

սӰ쵽ҹɹ˲ҹǰĴš
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ǶԹİȫҲһ֤ŶʲôȻұˣѵҪùӱ˲ɣҼѸҲȻ
زŷľ澭ɣǺ󻰣ҪĻǰսۣԱ˹ȻãŷѾ¾Ĺǣ;Ŷֻȫıߡ
ȵȣƻи⡣̨ȥ޷ͨͺľ嶸Ͳ˵ˣ˵ɽǰɽҲϲȥ
ôϲȥأزʣԼ;ŶĶԲǾȻǷԡ˵ˣȻѾа취ˣ
ʲô취ʡ
硣ŶԼЦǲǶûпɿڵ⣬ҽŪһЩŪֻ͸һ°
ҪԾȫˡ̨⣬ϲˬ˵
ǿɲСŶҡͷֻֻܶģһءӡ
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ľ濴˶ˡ˶ȣҲһˣȥϢɡ
ǣ˫˫Ҿ
ҲˣȥϢɡѹѾõǲɢ
ǣ󺹡

ض˴ʣס˻ءл˵
ȴ޻ͬ㽲£Ȼ쳣䵭֡
Ҳ֣һͶˡԽڵЩˡ
֡ؾ򹷰Ȼҿɴˡ
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ŷ˷žŶ棬
ƹͺ˵ɡŷ΢ЦȻĵģսҲģǴɣһվǴսҲܰİɡ
زǶ޼䣬ǲ˵֪˴룻˷޵ˣҲϬˣ
ŶԴ֪ºࡰضͺ͹⿪᣻սϵǹۣЩ㻹ҪģĪɵ֮淸ˡ±仨ƭȥ
ԣֹ֣Ի˵ǡ
ģϲһܱܣܶ㣻ûദźŷһʱ䶼Լԣϲͷ̷ſ֡
زô˵ӡ
У˭֪ܲݣһסأԼĳŵֻǰƳǵģ͹ϵġ
ס֣֪Щ»ܣ˻ݻҪѡ
ݶƼʱҲˡſȥ̸ɡ
衣ݷͷҲܼͱŮӺãܣ
㣬֮ԹģҪҲǶ˵飬㲻̸ǲǶϡŶҲԡ̸ǾΪ˸ϡ
ݼ֧Ƽ;ŶƺأüС
ݶѾӦȢˡƼֱۡΪҪȫ֣Թǡ
رͷŶҲվʡ
ض硰ӦҵġҪ̸ģôַڡ
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˼ݣʵ˵ĵطҲࡣŶ졣
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ڻŶɢͷѰķա
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 154 

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û뵽ŷ˻ô˵ȻϷŹԼܷˡҪҺúûţðΪġ
ôŮӣյ˾ϣ
ȡ׿һĨȹ
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ŶĿˣȻ˹˾١
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ĸģȻѾӦҪǰȻͻŶתɨ߶ˣӦһҲԲʳԡ
һ䣬˾Ѿ

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ŶȴЦôģģˣĺˣŰɣʧȥɣ˫Եļָ́ǱĴصմϡ
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һԸߣӶĿյϣһ¸ձΧãɣſڻж
Σ¼ҡǰ桰ǽȥɡͷҲЦ档
²ߡá𲽡
Ŷˡ˴ӽϸЩߡ˿ȥá
ͷŶлˡ
ݿһŷˡЩ顣
Ա㡣ֹ
ŷˡһȥɡüһ¸ղŵĻ⡣
̤Ͻݣÿ
ձڽžһܴ磬һ
ƼŲֻйһˣǷпˣ
Ůȿ˶˵Ӱġˮĸæµ
衣ŷ˽ǰ
Ƽ˾ȻŷˣҲǴ⡰񡣡
λүȲ衣Ůڵĵˮ
ĸ£Ҳŷ
ϲ¼ңձǲŷ˻ܣ͹ȥǼССձȷ֮
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衣ŷ˶һ֣ɨΧڵɹŮʾҪ˵
Ƽ˾ľʹ͵ģԼǾ仰ҲȷЩͷæס˿ڡ
̾ڵŮǶȥɡ
ǡŮϹߡ
ҲѾŷ˵˷ˡȢضҲȢˡ
ܼ¡˵ˣƼҲЩ˼ɡ֮⡭ȴΪİ
⻰ô˵ʡ
ƼҲ˼ŷڳ⼸մ󺹶Ŵޱȣ鱦ʹԴ󺹣֪ǵġ
ɫࡰ֪Ҳ̰ͼٻ֮ˣôᱳأ
ƼҲԡǺأ
͵ڶŷ˺Ų裬ͻȻڡ
ĸӶͬʱͷ
˻⣿Ϊδ˿ŷ˵仰
ŷ΢ѹŶǷҸղԣ
仹ǲ⣬ͷ
£Ϊ£ŷīһᣬʵѡ
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ôε续׸㲻֮ڣŷ͡
Ȼ㣡漴ֱ׵ĵסȻģ󺹺˹С
һһֽԼ͸ûдڵıҪŷҲʱɡԹ˲Ͼλкϵֵɹ̤룿оսҪεģξɾֵ˺Э飬һγ͢޷֮
ۡ˵
Ƽ˶֮䡰Կģģ²ã
ŷ˿һ裬ҲϧǧǾŶİȫ˵ֱؽãܣذɽﰲȫ
ǾŶԣƼȷ
ŷ˵ͷ裬㲻ˣŶ͸ľ飬˽֪ڰ⣬ǣʣνպڽں;ŶŲ֮ͶֱԾ·ھŶǰ㲻Ҳϣһʦá
һԽܣ󺹻Զţ֮󹥴Σ
ֻǸ׾ŮӲȫʦ֮⡣ƼЩ˵
ʲô£ʦ
Ƽߵһǰóһŵݹȥʦ׻ʱµģԼɡ
ԣǰùź
źܼ򵥣ͽվŶҪĸǰɽֹʦϱʡ
ʦҵʱ˵Ҳ㣡ƼֻоŶܱƽ
Ǿϵױʣϴģô˵ʦҲϵ󺹻᣿ǡ
ţͻȻֻҡŶմ󺹴һң˵Ǳڽϲܴ򿪣˵ʱɫ졣ó
ң
Ƽӹšơ
򲻿ɡҡͷĻӡһˣǿҪɱͷġ
ƼЦٰ֮֯³ٰˣŪӡֻƽңͷٰ֯ԭް
ǲ̫ġ
մԣȻ˽ҹغǻԣ򿪿Ǿ͵ҷϻһǣҲҪ㡣ŷ˼ƼʮþȣҲ鵽
ƼһԵŷˡǰűȽϷġϾ̫ˣ۶ӳΪѹӣȥȪµɷ͹ء
ͬ⡣
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Ƽ̧ͷҲҪ
ŷôһ˵ǣ˵׸ЩϵʲôģȥˡŷˣҪ˿ֹģֹ᲻ɣ
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ӷԸձĴ
ŷīβתֱۡΧס˴ݻǰͨ
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Ƽŷ˷ߡ
ŷŶϰɹ֣Ҳܴ¿ԣֻƼ֡
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ʲôƼԼ֣ûм½׷ʡ
ٴŷ˲һ䣺Ҳȫ֤˾Ŷ⣻ǰŮ֪Ź֪ľ档
Ƽŷˡ
²˳٣뿪ŷսīȡ
лŷӺ;ŶΪĸӶ롣ƼҲܹʶŶǺ£ǺӵĵĲȻĸӶ˿϶
ߡҴ֮˲к֮ͬ¡ľʲôˡ
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ǿɷ̾ߣƼط˿־塣
裬Ȱѽ֯ȥһ˿ŷ˿ˣȻ˼Ȼ㶼֪ķԲߡ
ǡ֪ŷһбŷԲǲ֮ܲ
ӣݹѾѵЩϳŮƾ֮Ѿ쵽š
ŷ̸ʹɫװǾͶлˣһظ˸Ե̶֪ŶǴԲεĺܡ
ǸȻ֪ƼҲ£ᡰҲȥΣ᲻ҼҾŶ
ҹҲˣиˡŷۼ棺ݳٳûнȴΪΣ
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ŶáҲɻΪγٳٲ롣
ŷ˴󲽵ţÿ
ȻݲԾһ˻ɵɫ
ⲻ֪ĵôЦ΢΢
εɬҪȴȴһ·ûİ͵飬֪֪ΪԼĳԲ˼Щ
ŷתЦŶǲΪ̸͹Ļ顭
ҪϹ˵Ҿ͸߾ŶЩ͵Ͷ飡ߺּһУתҿ
ŷĿ⻥ƺݲľС̽Ҳܲ

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졣
ŷһõʡ
ľľ衢ھͼ֮ǰʲôתͷ˽룬ͣ˻⡣
󺹡

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𣿡ľ濴Ͱʡ
ŷ΢ЦڻǴӦµ֪˿̸սʼ²սҲճɲ㣻򸸺ˡ
ľ治ɫô죬㵹ȥҴңΪǸѾͷһ仰Զǧɣ
ŶµģԶĶĶࡣ仰ĵģһûоŶĵĿȫǡһҲֵã
ľ濴˶ˣҲˡ˷ֶˣ
ֱ󺹣ｫŶŮҲܵʦõ壬ȥɽġϾҵܵܣžŶסŶִֵĺܣұ׾˵Ҳ롭󺹶׼ȻŶסҲǽǰŷ˸֪ģ׾͸ӡʦˡ
ľת߽ˡ
ȥҵȻûɾܾġһ˹ͷһ˰¹ӼͷҲѵֵܣοǹǲ뿪֮ǰȴҵͷ°
ŷϸתǻ£ͻݵĻ£
Ҳÿŷˡ
šľȻ˶üĿ֮Ķɵͳһڡ
ȥҺʹʺҪľ治˾ܾİ˵
һ̧֣Ŀڡ󺹣Ҽս˲Ϣ䣬ҡۻݡ
˻졣ŷ̧īѹ˹ɷȼҺȻ˴⣻͸ߵл飬ݹǸİŮԸ飬ʲôء
ľŷ˵Ļϵ֮ɫ΢ת硣
ľҲڡŶ۹һֱֱԺ񣻵ʱҲѧѧ÷򣻽˵Ķԣ󺹶ƽϣ㻹ʲôĸɹŮӲ֪ԼɷҪΪ󺹵ĴҵԡѪսģ˵ݹǸλʺҲǺ㣬ԻǱͲõˣ
һӱ˵Կڡ
ľŷ΢ЩЦ⡰˶Ͷȸ죻ҲŶǵĴߡ
áŷīһ˫ֹ𡰲ҲҪдŸ֪Ŷһ֪ҹҲ½ģȻһģ
ǵľͲЦ
ɲУҲһסŷ˵ļɹжأҲҪðȳԶ㣻ʱҲҪ֪ǣ
ȽѡľҲߵŷߡ㻹ģܹǸƶ˵İȣء
ˡȻнڣšľŭ˵עԼϡ
ľȴûǹڳȥ׹ɡ
û취ֻܾ˳ȥ
֮Ƽͺ͹һػձڡ
ûʵձѾ˰;ˮ
ƼҲöͻҲڳˣľʰ
Ƕһˣ񣡡ľЦǺǵġҶ
ĸ£ŷ˳΢Цͷ
ľߵƼǰӣʵǶ̶þˣһֱûа죬ۿŮǶˣСŮȶˣǽĻݻ
Ƽδ󺹣ǣҶ֪
úúã֪ͺáľͷ㿴£
󺹶ĸӶ˵Ķ飬ƼԶǵáƼ㲻ޱһ̵ֱݹ
סöԵò˼
ľһſƼЩ׻ЩԲö˵
Ƽ󺹣һֱᲢΪҲԸ⣻˵ʵ϶˻Ϊϱ
ã仰ͺáľƽضƼĻʵҺʹʺ׼ˣԭȹսŰ죬ݲš
ݱ˵ȴöѹ¡
ҲԽԽˣֽݽҲ֮һľ̾һشҲ뷨ɣȥɽǧ
󺹣ҪҲΪԼԸ͸鷳Ƽʵ˵ȾҺ;ŶĺҲһʱϲš
ľתĸӡ
󺹡Ƽ˵
û˵ʱضϲţҲԹ۵ΪηҪ˲ִ֮䣬á
סöҡͷô㸸Ŀأ
ţײľ档
ô˵ǲӦඡľû뵽Ƽ裬ɵͳ˼
Ƽס˹֡ǲӦȾ;Ŷ󺹣Ŷݶá
ûоκβԡҲû˵ҲŲż
öﳶ˻һѣҡͷʾĪٶԡ
һǳãīȰչǰЦһб仯ľüǳѶᵱ˺ˣӦòᣡֻǷڻҪģδ֮£ȻءֳֻʲôֹƼõ뿪أ
öĻݵֱ
λĸ档
ҲϲöЦţĿתڹϡӣʵҿĳԭĲҼݶǴİȡ
ƼҲ΢Цǣ۰ǺӣԶûбϿǰ꣬ܵŮԺҲᵣģرǺĹ޵һеʱ򣻴ǿңüζʹ˵ɷ񽫽趹Ҿŷ벻ҪдǺӱҿ޺û˵ʱҲ֪罫ɽҾǿҲܵģݶǺù
衣ݴ֪Ƽд뷨
Ƽݡݶϱͣԭ´˽󺹣ǣҼƶƥ仪ݹ
ƥ仪ݣľЦͷһ㺮˪˵ڲҪˣڳˡ
һǾ仰һеȾƼ͹һ
УھҪһ仰ľѹסеĻͻɣ͵ת
ö˫ֵס󺹣𼱣˵
ľ濴ӣҧתһߡ
öͷӣԭǲ˲ִٵģǶˣڳĲľ賣ʮģҵĺǣ˶ŮҲǰӣǣ˲ִٵľҲΪԽԽãҽ˵
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ôˣ̨ǰﲻ*ôô˵ҪҪȥ밢ʶҽǰ
вʣɫȺܶͲ˶ãһ˿岻õ࣡ߣԭСŷ΢Ц֪ǿУĥǰ˳ӲöлȻϲߣӣǲҪʱʺöȻҲһĮŮӣľ˺ܶɣʦѧòԹɫ˼ܡ
Ҳ̿ľ棺껪ˣǸսɳĸߴôǰˣɵá󺹣Υ󺹺
ľһѷ֮꿴иùޣûһȵϰȣǡı书ֻһҶʦãݶĸһ㶼ȶԿ˶ĸ飡
ҲŸĸΪԼ˵ݵĸжôôɺۿݸ鷳ˡԼ޷
ľЦҡͷ˻ݵ֣˹СܴӦ𣿶Իݺá
ǰĶˣаٸнŻϸ۵С֡
ŷԹۣڵͷôô죿ô죿ǻƹһƬǴ㣡
ǻأΪݣ㶨ǲͷҵģ
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˽ҲԸΪνм֣ǰˣ
͵ĿŻݡݣҺ𣿣Եгŵ
һᡰȻ㣡
СľͻȻŭڲȢݣݹҺģˣǴԼձ
ôˣݷû˵ȢΪһҪ˲ִ٣
㶮ʲôľһɡ
Ȼǲݱ죬ͷһֱŷˡûȢ߾ŶŶһᱣ¹͹ġ
룬ֻסĸס
Ҳ̳ϢŭһŵԵģΪΣҪ˴󶯸λ𣿣
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ľٿȻͷŷˣһҪܣǲ֪ʲôˣ
ΪһһЩŭĵĴ¹Ȼ˹ȻһһЦ̡Ļݹͱġһۡһжѵ
ľ֪ˣ˵ΪѾͷʲô벻ءҲ˵ǿƼôͰȶɳݶ쳣ƿҩĹӦֹӣɲãҲ˵ĽšݵıˣҪӦ˼ҲǼ鷳飡Ǻ£ǧȻ̤ƽɽʧԳһҵģŷңȵ¥ض𣻶𣬶д棬δѾͷȴһֿǣϣŷֱ֣ضҲ֮ᷴ
˵ŷǱؾУɹ֪ȡ˭׼Ҳ̽ȡŷʹı졭
ͻȻľ濴һͨɫСѵŷ˵ī֮ϣߣ
ľӲҲɺһǽʹĶΪ*ͨĴ߶ǺɫͷиնͷԾҧˣһϾմϼľ綾֮ֲǷҧģ̻ɸɿݷӲĸʬ·̼ͱȫѪҺͨ߾͸ǿֲֻһΣԲʮ̼ʮݲ档
κεв
ŷȻһЦ˵ʲôӦô˾գû˿ؽĲǹһˣѵܴӦ
ŷˣҳ谮ȾΪΪľҧ
ôˣݶһӵŷǰΪһҪѺ͹ŷ˵ݻûйϵҲǺģַʲô
ûдŷ˿ɱԸվڻݵ󣬶˻ǰ΢ЦšǸҲûдģ
ľһС
ţ׺ͻݶˡ
Һ;ŶҲһûСīһչءΪǸԵ˶гֵΪԼû
ûдΪҪţ
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״߳룬ó˽ӡֽҡ󺹣Ȼ˲ˣ⹥ξˡ޷ˣҶģҺ̻عټ
ݼˡ˵ʲôô᲻㣡
ԼǰȻޱ顰ĸӵĶΪٻҲʺҡ
ƼŶӣҲԭع¡󺹼£
裡
𣡡
ݺȫ֪룬ôһ־ᶨˣԼĸĸݣŹĸס
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ŷˣǶ£ȫ뿪ľƸ֡
ŷϰŷ˵ԴϬȻҡīȣԭء
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Ĳ֪ʲô飬ľѾ뿪ֻÿµĶһۣöȥ
ݺƼҲһߣֻǶ˶ǳĹȴҶය
һԭ˶ձڣֻˡ

 163 

ľϣһֽŷϵףĺܽɫīˡ
ȻԶ
ŷ΢ţ򿪵īҡҷ
У˵Ŀڱ˴˼佻㡢̽
ľָսſսַſ
ޱĹڵǰǽӡͽҡ
ȻԵáϹǳǳĻȣīǰҡҷ
󺹡δȫڡ
ľָſֹ˵ŷˣȥĿ絶˶պңҲĸĻţھ֮ϣ㿴ľҪν
жӣȴ͸ϴеǳЦ⡰֪룬ֻ˵˼ϵӦȻĵġ常˾Ŷ͹ľ治ϣٶȷŶϧ֮ˣǸǻݹĸӣҲģαΪأ֣˶жһ
ǻݻѹ׵ƫ׹⡣
ѹҲעˡŷɨһ۹Ĵ򣬻ǹеĶŮ˽飻Ƕǰ㡣
ңľ
̹Ȼܣߵͷ󺹣մ˿Ҳ󺹣Ȼ֪ͼˡԴܲ˲׵ˣȻǶԸ˵ƣǾ˵ơ
˺ܺ˵ʲô˵˻ʱҲɨŷһۡ㿴ˣ
˾δԡ
ľֵıתǸ֮˰
󺹣һ䣻ɹżνˣô˽֮ȥأѵͲбˣ磽֪ǻܺܣ¶
ľȻҸ㣬ǸʱεĽ˾ͻΪȥѾ֪ˣҲãͱǲ㴰ֽͲù˼̫ˡ
ˡͬ
ʣˣҴĸģľ涯֮顣
ɻ𵱳ʱ򡰹ͲǣѵʱǴ󺹸ǰǹȶʱһж󺹴ҽ𵶣ѻң̾Ϣûд󺹣ûнյĹ
ľ涢Ȼˣ㻹ҷңŭԡǲҲ壡
ȻɷΪΪǰҲҪǷǷΪˣȻûΪγȴҲܵ򣡡¸ҵĿľ棬ҪұĶ飬ǷǣҾһҲ岻Т֮ˣ˵Ŀ
ľӥޱȣޱ顰㣬ⳡսȥǲȥ
ҾΣҲǿӲĻӦ
ȥڳ˾Ϳ˵ڣľô˵һ䡰նף
ŷ۽һ飬Ȼ޴ľͼһųֵʿ˳þǾŶԵĻ˰ɡ
ûзֻתԾȥƺԼľĴ
㲻ɱ˹
ԭ׺ͻݶûԶһС
ľҪɱ˹Ҳ̲ס˳ס߸ĹʲôӢۣϹΣҪɱߡ
׵ڻǰ桰˵ɱ˹Ҳ˵Ǹҵľˣɹнķ٣Ҳǹû
ڽҲصڡ
ݿһһֱŷˡ㵹˵ѵ㲻ľȹ𣿡
ŷЦǼ򵥡
ľ浥ëǵĿ
ҿɡŷЩݵɨ˹һۡ˾ӣȴҶܵо˵سŵȴԼͻذν˵ĽأּҪŪĹϣ𣬻عĲģҷԴ֮ȷ¶壡
˻һɱѿ
ȻһЦ߾ǶԸڿ˵ܱΣôᵽģպҵĶвǻһ£εĹҽӴʵǡʵܣԱֻ֪ơѹգЧֳ͢壿ʵȷǾŶУеǶ£һ㲻ɹţ뿪ڶ˵㣬ϣгŵȢ˻ݣ֮Ǹ಻γ͢Ϊһ֮λҲǲܣܹٸ㣬һ
ľڵŷˡ
ŷˣҾͬɽ㣻ٲáٶ˵ղҪȥǰָܡҪ㹥ɽȻͳĳҪ٣첻
Ҿ˵ִǲͬⷴεġīһתվһжǾŶ㲻ͳɼ˼ͻƴĽ㣻ܵĶݶΪζ
ǲŷ˶ǲǷԸңΣܣ
𡣡Ҳԡ÷û˵Ǹ͢ң;ŶС;ɣγʲôҲһƽʲôΪĻһоͶиı䣬ľܴﵽ
ǰľҲơֻҪӦ˳ң֮ҿԷΪƣҲȫϣҷĿϣʱƣ㲻˵ϣԼĸ׺ܿĸ׺ٻò
ʹӦɡײ˵ͻݣŶܹǽǳ֣Сʱһĸǵڸ
ŷˡ
ŷЦӦģҲѡ˵һҲ֪ôǷǣŶϧΪ͸ͣ˵ѵһ˺𣿻ҪӵĻݣûôʴ壬ײΣգŶΪѣҲǲῴϣֱܾĴʴ壬񵶣̵˶Ѫ졢ʹ֣
ݻ
𡣡ҲϣҪǰľ
ľĿⲻ׺ݡ
ľ衢ܱ𡢲
ŷˣ֪Ϊνй𣿡ִӺζ
ָ֮𣿡֪ġ
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 164 

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˵ŶͽٲҲʱ򹼸Ҳ桰ʧȥͻŶͲλġ
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ǰԵİװ̾һʧ˹ҲĽҵݡ
Ҫ˵ıϣŶץסѡҪҲҪ뿪ҡ
Ŷ㶼ˡתǰŮͬ˸еĻҲֱһ콫뻳ڡܺãŷ˻ܺá
ҪҲߣŶץס̰ģҪҲҪڡ˸֡Ҫȥ׼ȥǽ˲Ϸ߼ԶȥɡһȥȻвŶҲҪĶȻѪȣˡ
˿棬ݣȴǧʣҲǼ
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ֻһˡҲ۽ݺݱס֪ģֻ֮ΨһĹޣܽߵһǣ
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ЦĸǼȴֻԾŶһչЦ̡ǡһҲǾµۣ̼Ҳʧˡ
㻹һȥźסŶܲôˣԼҪ
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ǴȥŶתأ뻻·
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Уġϴ꣬ЩƷͼøҳȥ
ҰɡЩŶͷƤ飬ͲϲԲƷڸԸˡղ˵ö߹ҳЩͺá
ڰ㶼ҵģʲô͵óԡͷΪ㣬ҲΪСӺãȻѾ˼λ裬㻹Ҫιգղ˵Ҳá
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ˣ
ŷ˿Ŷġģжһֿ⣺Ҹܼ򵥣

 166 

Ѩ
ŷסˡ
常ֶˡֻ
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ףһСĵġΪӶƣѪ⡣
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ô˵㡣һ조常ѹҡ
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ŷ˸Ȼ޷ԭԼʱǸ˾ţΪŶĿ࣬û뵽Ȼһġ
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硰֪ҲΣʱﻹ࣡
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ŷ˵ִȡ꡶ۡԻǶţˣͶʿֶҲ书Ͳǵʿ̳зŷңɾһҵΪһ̩
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ҿֺáŷȿڡͣţŶأ
Ŷŷ桰˰ɣĪӡָСãôָ۶ȡǰȡǷȡĪӵǰ÷룻㿴ɺãˣӶ˶ͬʱΪȡˡ
ŷͻȻ֣ס˾Ŷļͷ΢˴λɽ۽ҲҪǰ
ͻȻĻóںӳϲõŷĸͷԼͬ񾭡
ѲɰǸţŶϷôܶأµһ϶ˣ
ӡŷۡҩʦлǸѾͷֻܺ㣡
Ŷԭ˵
˵ҲҪȥġŶ̹Ȼ֪
ŷȴüʱҲǸˣ
ûаŶǲǶŪźŷˣüƺʲôҪȥģҲҪȥһȥƹװ¹
һ仰ŷ˵˫ͷ㻹Ůһȣôʲôѽ
ָŪŶӵŷһͣסָ⣬ԿϷһƤӣһ常ףĪӵ͵һ֣һУȴҲȫä׹ء
ŷŷһͺϲСˣȡģǸСһŪȴֵĺӡϲϲ
ߣŷطȥ
Ŷߵŷߣ޶һͬŷܻ뿪
αص¡ŶתŷˡʱҲ롭
ŶȥšŷӿǶˣҲҪϢ˶Ҳȥҵˣ뿪ôãѹ˲ᡣ
ޱֱǶӡ
ŷɴ˾Ǹߡ
ŷҲ۾ŶǸоŷ˰˾ŷ֡㻹ᣬԺ󱻺Ц˭
ܲԸ߳Ŷû롰ǰ֪ϲýǸǰŪϧȻһСźˡ㣡
Ȼ˵ˣΪ򶨵ŬԣûйҰɡ
˵ʲôҪŬˡŶεȴĻҵ˯˯
ӱ󹴹ļͷһûпأ㱻ϳˣӣҪֲأϢ֮߹
ŶɲҲҪһº˵ʱʱ£ŷˣһ㲻ɰеš
ŶӣĪˡŷ˵ָӹաʱʾԹһ𡪡㣡
ΪᶶŶסֱǰʱҲҪú㡪شҡǰӵľˣĵĻ˭أߡأİķˣɰĶȻҪŬҵˣȻԺǳʲôѽ˵ĶԣǼҶˣȥȥ
СӣֺֺЦ˵أѵµʱŷѾ벻ˣҲôЩӶǻѹģȥˡȴЩ˵
Ѻȥúòšŷ˶īһᡰŶһе˵
֪ˡŶͷ
;ŶıӰ
Ϊı˺ܶࡣΡе˼ҵˡԵĿ඼ֵˡ
ŶЦ
԰ƹˣĶȥˡҲûμʰôץǶ˲ءҪòʧˡ
غȣҳ˲ٿࣻȻҪ˵Щʱ򣬳䵱ĵƷȻûȤǸպõġ
ŶЦաҼʼʵں㲻
ǲǣֻ֪øһشˡѺլߡʱܣʱܣŶʱ̫̫ƽƽģ
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˵ЩʲôôڸҪҪԼãԼǿͲ˼ˣ
ɽׯɢƺů࣬뵭ЦŶȥ
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ȻźϿı׼ŷҵʵʵСһ
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ĶŭˣҶԡ
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Ŷ̧ͷ˵̫ˣ
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常ڣĶйʲô顣ΪŶˡǻٴҲûа취常ǰʹթ
׹¼ܡҪȥǣҪһȥ
ǵ˵ʲôšӺ汧סʡ
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ץı۰򡰷û˵лۣתԡ
̧һ˫鶯ӨγָաǾŶģ
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ţŶסı
Щ죺ŶһֱЩĴָ๴㺣Ҳ̸жϲսֱۣ֮ǡ
ǳ˵Ĵڱ˴˾ƣǲ֭ƻˣ㣬Ҫ˼ɣǷޣĿҰ鶯ٶ˻棬ȼ
Ŷ̱У˫ֽץǰ·һ־ͻ촽΢ףմŵ˿΢ͷĺš
ֱ֧Ž欵İޣֻд˿̲ŻеĽȻɢ˸ղţʤѩȾһⱡΣ·ʤҡҷ޹ǵϸ߱¶ĸܾܾ˱ˣֻƼܱƷ˵
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Ҫɶ۸ֻһˣѧĲã˫ƽšһûԡ
޳ָ˰ȹ½ᣬһϷ˵ɫһһ֡һ𡭡
ȴ㲻ǣƴ棺ֽ֪ŷɿ졣
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Ŷ֪͸澭ʱҾˣһ䣻ӰƼա
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תˤ˴֮䣬ѹססǻ򦡣
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д𣿡
˱ԶԿŲͬľɫ
ܾϰѸģ׷ɫڻػУҲŻᰮȣȻڲ֪ΪĴĵطЩûзûȥʲôᷢҲԺ׮׮

һ˵ŶҲҪ֤ġŷûжǲԸ㣬оŶΨһȻвҵǣң޷ΨһѪԵ

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ŷ֮ϢԼڵľתȫͨת֮*Ѩ۷ƺζ岻ȥ
ȹվһߡоͲҪӲ塣ǷǳΣյġ
ΪʲôУŷ治ϢתΪʲôУȫϰģΪʲôУתŶ
īһתಽھŶǰ常Ҳʲô
ᡣŷˡȫǰǱϰġ
жʱ常ûСŷûж
ŶҲ֣Ҳǰȴûŷ飻õģζϢӦÿתȫѨλﵽľ磬ָ⡢ڡ㣬ͷҲתֻ֮ǾǣԽĸǱʻΪ׵书׹צָףԻ۾ǧﴫͶ䣻˵Ϳţʽ˿ɵҲǾ澭һ棻ȻҪﵽЩҪõĿſԵġ
ŷ濴ŷľŶʲôû˵ģ
常ŶҲⱾ
һһʲôû˵ģŷĲˡ
Ŷƽ͡˹һΣ£
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Ŷһ£΢Ц𣿰
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ŶϸĹ۲ÿѨλ΢С仯ԽԽΡ
ȻѨȻȴʼվͣǴ
Ѿͷǲǻʲôû˵ŷȻ
ʲôû˵˶ӵˡŶҲҲˣҪʲôŮʱƢҲˡ
Ϊʲôŷ쿪˫֣šҵĹΪǹȥأ
᲻Ϊ壿ŷ뵽澭书常书гͻ
ġŶҡͷ澭书衢ںԳһ壻гͻģҲϰңɵ书ϰģȻϰ澭ңɵ书ûиоκβʣ밢ӦòΪԳ壬⡣
ŷҡͷʲô⣿
֪Ŷһʱ䡣Ŷվ͸𰸡
ֻһ죡ŷҵԭ򣬾ͱҲ롣
ºʱðǹŶָΪɽСʱơ춨Ȼ𸴡
ãȥɣҪҲֻŶԼҲҪ֢ڡ
ǽȥˣŶ֪ŷϲǺӵòȻǽҲЩŷ棻رʱ򣬱ǿɰŷ档
ŷ㻹пչ벻ڡ
ΣҲдǸҩˡŶסŷˣࡰǣŮ֪ˣھȥ𰸡
ʲôŮŷͻȻŭѾˣԳŮ
ԳʲôŶ޹ĿѵǶϱૣСġ
ŷŭ𡰵ȻǶϱƺѿڶġ
һڣ˶Щ졣
ǲǵദʱ򣬷ٻһŶС顰𣿡
ȥҪˣŷֱһӣǡ
ǵģŶŷһѡ
ŷ˻īȺաȸˣ塭һ
ŷ汳ûпǣԾǸʯ̨ȥƺûǽʲôȥš
ŷ˺;Ŷ뿪Ѩʯ
Ŷû뵽ΪΣͱסЩ͸ȴҲӵ󲻾ãĸо˵δ˵Ļ
лʲôܺҲ֮ۡܲģһһĳӣĸ
ŷ˸ķԲ뿪ҡ
ľãŶۡʲô˵Ҳһڽšȫȫֻ㿴ϲϧ㣡

Ϊ˴˶ԻԲڣ֮䱻ԣеȴû˿
㣡
ֻж
أԵ֪

 168 

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֮֮ΪŶëձĵϣΧ̯Ķ鼮ɫĶ߶Ȼ̾ԡ
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ţѥ̤룻īеĴУۼб۲ԣ˭ҵŮӡŸ书֮Щҵ̯ߣкܶҽ顣
īһӣЩ߻ߣԼҲߣȥڼձߵ˿
оˣһ鶼ˣ
ûҵԭ𣿡üչЩۣϾŶųӣ
ҡͷȴԸۡˣϣܵµһͷΣѾעòˣ˵Σ
⣬ȴ޷̲ҵԭˣأֻܴϲ²⡣
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ŶҪȥӣȥȥ
ŷһҪԴǶӣŶȻᲵŷϣ;ŶЩҲûзԣҾŶҲ˵˶ȥú˴˼ʮľ룻ȿԺ;ŶദЩֿԸƺĸ׵ĹϵֶΪء
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ҸղƺᵽȥˡƺϲϲӶĶ࣬жٺһЩ⡣
һ㶼˰˼Ҷϲһġǣ֣һ䣻ŶҲ㡢ﲻ㡣
۶ȥһ֡ŶӵǺô
ȫҵģŶڽŹסľȫȫһ˵ģҪסҵĴմҾ͸ռ˵ģǴˣɽĶŮ˭˵ԣ
Ű޵ĺ촽ȴЩ¡ζԵ˵˰춼ûиԭ
Ҳ֪ǲǣһЩҪʰжҲ˾Ųʮġһ涯ŭҵЩ๫ڻҵ
ŵͩ˸󣬾Ūǣ覵裬īһ
ŶߣӶһдӦ϶˵

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ŷȻڡ
ͽǿֵĺӣҲܵϲ
ںǰŷҲͶ٣ŷ˿ĳϼһϲǶģԵϲЩüܶࣻϲЩ۱ǶԼ˶˵ĸף֪ǲԭλԶƫˡ
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ǽŷջ˶Ū֣͵۵ױӲȡҵԭˣ
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ˣѺӱߡŷ˻ˡҪ̸书ͳȥ̸լﲻ̸书ƫҪ̸Ĵ񶼻ûϡ
Ϊβ̸ŷһġԺҪ̳ҵȫ
˭˵Եģŷ˿Ҳǲġһ㻹㺦ԼҲҪ
˵ʲôҺʱˣŷǼ
ŷ˱ŷ𡰻˵ûУֻܹ֪ǾŶ˭֪ǻĸŮ˴ϣǱĳɱˣҲһ˵ﲻͬ⣬ҲԲͬģǶҪ㣡壡
ŷ汻ģؿţС޶ˡ
ûвܷŶС١
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ŷҲڸĸް취ڽƻ̼֮ᣬ˳ǧоˣΨ˫ײĸĸֻվһߡ
Ŷšڰɽ꣬Ҳ˶ˣֻԹۣȴǱǰ㡭
ϻôడŷϾŶ̫ӱˡ
Ŷ졣
ʲô˵Թ壬ŷ˵˵ʲôͬĻ
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Ѿͷһ㡣ŷƾҪ
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ŷȻ䡰ѧôණͶЩ
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ŷҲһɨҶȥ˵
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Щеŷ˲û˽ʮ
ǰ˽ȫڣһڶûŶҧֹˣ˼լֻ棻еľͶҪϤŪ֣˷̾ǲۣЩѵͶ֪֪һԸȥŷ˿еĶҪŪ֣
ŷЩüֻɫû뵽˲п顣
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һ˵ŷ˳˼ŷ˱Ҳ
ԼǷ鱻Ҵ󣬱Թأǰô簮ŶЩȥһףо澭أ˭֪أǶģϲ˳ˣûҶһίҿԣίӾͲˣ
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ӡŷǰг䡣
ŶӴ֣ȥۡ
ŷ˴ӸղŵŭתΪڵƽžŶա˭˵û㶼һһòϱڵһвǱ˵ˣôУΪõԲŲƷʧȥЩζ
ȻģޱˣҲŷҲԵ
˭㰡ŶͷżͷңȻ֪ʵûôֻķʽ᲻Ҳǲκ˵һֵģҾܾϰ书ҲδʱҲѾûҵˡ
ŷֱŶҴˡղŶ˼ɫ
ﵱ׶ȻŻǰ㡣һֱͿҲǺõġҴŲһôã֪ƢŶǵЦͻ¥ȥˡ
ŷҲ΢͵Ŀ̧ͷһ۶ӡȥɣ˵ģʼնǵĵ
ǣסŷ˹ˣźٹ밲Ի󳿻趨ʡǲ
ˣҷˡôһ֣Ҫ롰Īˡ
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԰ɲõҡе鷿ɰصȳԺӡõһ
Զֱ롣
Ȼ
Ǵš
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ղġŶȱĿ񣻻ǿʡ
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͸Լ磬̵㣻̧齾ʱʲôֲ㻶ģȻֺαóΨһҵױʣֲңʱŷҿϰۣʲôҪ˷Ѿģ̻ҵģûеȼ۵ĶԲԼĵƣôѧĲԣϳ־ȺӣȻһó
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ң취ӦԲһĻɽ۽ŶȻȫҪõĶôȻҪõ֣
ŷԣŭתϲѾͷ뵽ʲôˣ
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Ŷҧʹ㡭
۽֮վǰˣаϽлһҹ˺Σʲô
Ŷûж
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ƾͽڶߡ
һӰڸ˹⣬ʯºīභһֱûпڵˣ˿΢ЦĺɫŷС
Ŷһ߹ս
ĵЩɫ˿̵İ¸ӳšȽʽ࣬ȴ㹻ֵסŷĺŲӯĸ࣬ṦױͲȣҲƺָʮ㣬ûӰ쵽պ
ʹͬĸ󡹦Ӳ֮䣻ҲûԵ·硣
Ŷ书չĲԺǶ֮Ҫ
ŷϰ֪Լ书չΣ;Ŷ֣ŷսȻļңǹͬȴ书֮࣬߷ֵĹЩƽ֣¼֮࣬˱֣ͶС
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ݽˣԱ㣻ȥˡѷֵĶ˸ת
ŷīһչ㿪һƣһߡŶҿΪ͵ء
Ŷλͷߣʲô˵Ƿر簮㡣ƭ˭رŷõĶȻϱиˣúŬŶóʮʮС๦ðƾ书еεģ
ŷ֪Լ飬ǵȣŷ桰ָ̡ȥЦ⣬Ͻ¡
ŷߡԼˣҺúýѵ֪ߵغĶҪֻ͹˵
ŶȥǸӣ̧ſ

 169 


̧ĴִҵĴֻǺ˵Ѩħߣһȴʵһû뵽ϸʣɽʮ޽ڶͱ̨׾ͿƳɽׯʱĹ̺ƴ󣬵ſڸǳԾɽׯģĺ󣻼ֱǲɽеĻʵйûƼȫ֪˴򵥣Ҳ˾Ŷݡ
βݻʵϡĻȴƼ˺ܶڴ˴ƽ䱦Ǹ̨ڽİɣȻǺɫȴޱȵɫ
ľʺڳΪɫģ߽һ֪ľͷɫȴأȥտգ֮ϣʶľǴ˵к;˵*ľΪŶһײֲֽʵģʱǵʱֻǺ˵ǹ˲˶ͨ˼תգʦ˵ľͷѼ࣬ˮףôľΪ׸ܱʬǧ겻˺ʮƽĴѰңȴһ񡣲˼һΪҾߵģЩ
ǼҹȻһ
ʮζһɫ֪ҪöٿԳ͵ľɡ
ݻ
ж˲Բ̡Եѩͨ͸ֱߵ룻ÿóȥ˵ǧӲģõĶá
ûʶ־ԿЩģֻᵱͨΪЩȻأȴڷţҲͨûݻڸƽ֮С
Ūŷݻأǵ͵
ݺϺõƬͨܺȵģζֺ֮ͨŶѽȹعѣȴʵŷһ֮ɲ⡣Ҳֻд˴̳ܽôһеŮ
㡣ŶѾ
Դպ󣬷ڴ˴
ݼ
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Ŷǰݵ־ʹԼϡ
ʲôѽҡͷ㣬Ͳˡ
ŶһԲֱס㣬Ժ󲻹ܺ£˵ҾǷ۶Դ
ҲסȰģһֱţʵԼҲǿ͸
㡣ԻݵĿʣŶΣֻܽס

ҵĸأ㲻Զݺ;ŶȵͨСӡ
ϯձϣĳŹ̲衣
Ҳ
ݼָ˰ɣһ˫ӡ
ҸҪŮŶ˵ӣǵϲ
ݺǸŮһ绨ġ
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ݵͷ;ŶٺãҲŷңеɹŹҲʧ㡣
㣬㳢ֱԱȽϸϱߵطģζŶһСֱߡ
СʺŮӣſڡȻóԣŵ쵹ܳԵЩö
⵹ǣׯڹӾʮˡЦԡ˲˵ˣӵЩˡ
ʲôǻԡŶ粵ҲǺѧʵģԵĶԣСҲǿ彡ԵĲԣߺߣȻ˵ݵģԵĺãмǿ彡ģֻͨҪ̫࣬ٵĺܡ
ݺһЦ
ķأ˾Ŷһ¡ôҲôҶôˣ˼Ų
͵Ŷû˵ء书ŷ涨Ȼǲ׷תģû˿϶ˡ
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Ī¡Ŷ΢Ц䲻ϲˣڴˣԲصġж˳忪
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ôˣ
ȻŷѨλƣأ׽ﲻƪѨλתƵľġ
ҪϿȥǶˡ
ͻݱһһէŪûз򣬵Ҳȥˣ֪ƢԵˡ

ȹչԾ롰а취ˡ
࣬ڣҲۼ˵ƷѾ漴չ˫ַָֽ֣絶ֱײ˶˵Ĺ
ŷ游˫˫һ䶨ߡ
ԽԽûءŷҲһȻɵĻ˷һơ
û°ɡŷæǰҲһԼĹǳ
Ŷ΢ЦǶҲ跳ǣõǧַĸģʵҲû˹ǵشǸԡǺԺ˵뵽ˣνƿѨתûΣգ
ʲô취ŷǰ
׽ŶŷˡҲһ£׽ﲻһƪѨλתƵľжϸ˻ħܻᷢйѨλת
ŷǣҼǵС
ϰ׽ֻƪתѨɡŶϲЦһתζͨͿԴ󹦸ɣ
ŷͷ²˳٣Ͽ챳ġ
ҷҲǵġŶ͵һۡǷТĿɼΣΪʯȣҲҺ׽̣ûЩҲᡭ
ʲôŷҺʱ˵Т˳ˡ
Т˳ҲáŶδԡ
ŷ˽סŶ㲻Ҫȥ㻪ȥĪ˵
ðҷˡŶ조ǸģȻ߾ߣ࣬漴ת뿪
ŷԵ̬ȡӣҪܽһȻԺ󻹲ͷˣ
Ц
ŷעüĿջƢƢƽ޲ô˵ûˡ
ɫ漴ů⡰ǣûˣīȽա
Ǿͺãŷ汳桰Ĭоġ
ǣ³ȥĵط͵һۣȴȹԶЦ⡣
֪ĵ򦡣
ȹҲתȥ
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Ȼľ书ʱйͰ£ŷȻⲻ˴֪Ͻȥ书ȴҪŲţҪֵʧȥһŷˡ
ĲЩţŶ·ƽǵһ
ҡͷûУֻۣ
ݹȥʪŶӹСĲӡ˯ɡ
̺ϡ
ҪȥĶ˯
£ߣȥ㣬Ÿյȥȥ
ݰۡ
Ŷļգת˯ɣ߰ɣͺת뿪䡣
ᳰҲ˼ˡ
ŶɬҴδôۣΪӻɣĶӣò׵ɣҵȻҪЩסҲأ⡢Һͺӡ
ͷֻҪ˿ʽǹӾʲôˡ
ףŷǰϲŭɫˣһзڰĪģҪҪ룬һξͶʤѡ⡣ѾڽⲽˣǾһһܱʲôǿ
ŮǰŹƣǹҲ͸ˮʣ̴ľֱϻһΣֱһ͵ķΪˮ͸ȺܸߣԽµ·յĺ
ֻǿ㣿Щ
ŶЦǲȻҷأ
˵׼ãҶ˺öĵġ˵Ҳʲô˼ɣɲǵߢķˣ˳ĺãüˡ֮仹аȴӹȻСͯ˵ȥ̸֮⣻úüλĽֹˣ
Ҳ޷Ӵֲ̼Ǹ˰ٵģȥֵطЩź˵Ҳаȥ
ĽӵĻҲٰɡŶ̧򦡰Ҫ۶ӣҾͺһ˭ȵ˭Żеġ
̸Ц䣬ͨСӡ
ȻǻݣҪͨһ
밢ȹȥȻҲӺŮǴ඼סͨСӸĿͷУͨСӲСģҲסЩˡֻǹȥϲ˶࣬Ժܶطչšסˡ
Ŷ΢Ц롣
㡣ǰ߹ãһСԣ̤뱾Լң涼ȫµİ裬Զµġ㻹ϰ𣿡ϾձͬŶ»˭ϰߴɽһҪůЩŮӲܹˣź򲻺ùĹ֪ġһԼҵŮ˵
ٷˣūǲҡŮͷһܵźûݹ
㣬ƽʱҲǣвܵԵ˵ŶڣƺﵽҪ󡰱ǡ
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㰮סþͶáŶ˶ġϲȲ裬ЩţҲҪ̲裬̾ͺá
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㻹ǵáСʱ顣
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ǰŶͷ˵ȻзҰҹУǾҪȥ
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Ŷϲֻļį˲ġ
лˣЦη⿪ںҲаˡ
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˵żңҡݷյ롰ʧ
Ŷ治⣬񵥽˼ô
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ȻˣҾ͹ˡŶҲˡ㣬ˣҲһ·࣬ЩϢɡ
šҲˣˣȥչķɡ
Ŷ˵һ조úϢˡ
ת߳ҡ
ݵЦȴӲȥ

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һ·ϻ̸Ҫϵдݡ
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ȥѰͺáһֲȥǾŶģ书ãҲãҲɡ
յ֯ʱǶ˽˿Ǹɫ̫ˡһܻϵϡ𣿡
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ûûθڣһûһµתࡣ
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ţѾ֪ˡͷ˭˾ŶĿһۡΣǸ֮ˣ
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ݼŷҹѾӵķˣ˫òһŷ˲ԸദǱͨСӡ
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ʱʧȥ㣬СʦաһֱԼӵеĺܶƺʲôûУʲôûУԼܸһУܸҲǺõģʹּɡ
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Ҳ˵ʲôݱͷϲҽߡ
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貨΢𣬰ҲƬ֮ǰ˲糯ԴͷѰȥ

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˼ˣŷһۣƽѲʲô湦ô̵ʱｫࣿ
зһ˿
ȴɵͷɵԵĸˡŷ֣书Ǵлϣܺдźá
ҵŷ˿סղż书ҲǽǷ곤Ȣ˾Ŷı֮ϣҲơ
ǧԼ˫ƣΪԼһ˫˷Ƿ۽Ϻνľһϸߵ͵ģû뵽Ȼͱؤͽܶ򲻹
Ҳ̾ŶЦܱ֡ɽƴ򵽵ˣûġ

 175 

ʮŬȫȻ֮Ī˵ϵ۱ؤˣǵͽԼǶ֣ɱ뼰ˣǧɱȴתΪЦ
ɽжⱯֵЦв̡
ЦҲڴʱͻȻһĨӰҵľϲȴ
ֻһλհ׷Ůվ˵ֱֻͬǧ𡰾㣡ɲҲˡ
ǧһСϵļ΢΢
׷Ů㣬ɱҶӣ
ӣ˵ʲôǧ飬ܰ׷ŮӵĺˡҶûм㡣
Ц׷Ůӷ·ǱѵĸʨЦЦһΰЦǡ
ؼõӾ֪Ϊʧ֮񣬸ȻԭɱúӵľǧһǧΪõĺϵòŻӤһƣķһƴʦĹ
Ŷòİ׷ŮӺ֣üĿʧȥӵĿʹҲԼһ
òһеǧ
֪ǧȲҲܣһƴϣһѪǡ
һ̺Ŷɱӳ˵ްԹǰǧѾŷ˵ɽƣһƣɫҲ˼صˡ
㣬Ҳ룻־롪
ã˴ˡһ˫ֺʮӷʩƺѾͨˡ
ͨ˵Ƿˡ
ǧһơû뺦ʧȥõĺӣΪһ˫ƣտڻɽ۽û뵽ͷȴһգ֪ĽѾĻһΪʲô
һˣɱӣҶ
͸ݶ˲
áһٴοڡȥΪξͲȥأѾ֪ˡ
ɱҶӣòġҲǺˣҪˣֻ֪ѪծҪѪ
ûŶ΢Ц
òƼһĨѩ˪Ц⣬Ρ
ȹɽһƮƮɣĨ΢Ц硰λˣĻҷǳͬ˸ҵĺǧжΪҪ˵ɱ㵹ѪؾŶҲϧȴǽѶǳͷõʹػܶɾŶȴܸͬܡ
һбȥ
ҲȻȹţ˼ȴͬɫǰ㴿Ͼ
佫ɱ˶δ֪ĵطڵ尾ŶġӴ˺󡪡˼ǵ
õıǳ֣޷⣬漴ȴЦֹԣ˼ǵǧҽΪӪʮ˲
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ʦŷס˾Ŷ衰ʵλʧʹǣһʱ޷ôҲǸһ·ȥ򣬶ʱסðӰǳѰٱסҲǴʦԸ
һƳĬ˰Σǵͷʩ㲻һͬȥɣǷ֮زҵȾ֮ء
ţ
Ŷһ㶣۽ģ
ǧһŷת۹ȻǷϣòŵͷ
ӴƹŷϴȥһƳȰ
ʦҪȥЩᣬԼľˡ
һƴ鿴ŻءǷ֮ˣѿʦǵӢȻƵϵһŷҲ书ʦش˴һһս޹ϵ
ŶЦҵȻϣʤۺȴ߹ΪףþŶΪѣ
СѾͷô͹ضһô𡣡һۻľӺ漴һԾЦ쳹ɽ֣İɡ
ֻһϽлԱ߳ںžơܱ϶Ķϱ佱ϽлǸеҰ
ǰһ;Ŷ޹ءŶ΢Ц
ȴ彡첽ɣǺ߹Ǻˡ

ʦغ͹Ҳʦ첽ǰ
߹Ѿ䶨ǸĶλͽܡźͶ˻ȺһƽĿ⣻˶ǻྴصĶֺѣԲҲȻȻ˴˶ʮδľ֮顣
㶼ˣ۽߰ɡǹѶδȻкܶ໰Ҫ˵
Ƿ֮ˣյͷλʲôһ΢ЦӢۣԵµһ
ؤ˫¡ʲôȲ϶ﲻ֪޵ĸҵôõĶϱʲôΪ뵽ˣؤֻһͽܺһԼĹ龫
ʦס조ضҲġ
߹תͷң۽һǰа
ЦǲʦĻضһٸò˸԰
߹ô˵ĻҰŶԧ԰ŶҲߵ˺߹ߡιǳ˵Ƿҵľˣǵ˱ҼҴġ
߹ָ֣龫㿴ԼģûһϽл
һƴЦ˫ֺʮ֣һˡ
߹ҲͷȻϧҲ֪ƢȻˣԵٻᡣ
һƵ򦡰ٻᡣ
һƴǧλͽ뿪˻ɽ
Ŀ뿪
߹򿪾ƺ«ںˡ϶ϵҲ겻ôҲһǲǺһָĿ⳯ɨȥ
غ͹ɻɽϣ˫ֺ󸺣Ʊˡ·һɺڰʹɢ˲ŷ档
ŶתͷһŸ
ƲƲ죬վں߹߲˵
ΪʦҲ
϶ɫ߹Ҳɫһ㶼ܹˡ
ֱã۽˻ҳڡŷ浭Į
߹١϶Ҳϱľ͵⣡Ȼҩʦˣ书ϼУ֮ǰɱҪİŶ߲ǣ
ԸҪߡŷҲߺ߹νȻһ˫Ҳ
߹ͿϣתˣȻ˵ֻתѾͷǲ̵ĺðշСﲻ˵϶ҲӰãã
߹Ŷü˵⻰ǴðҺÿҪ˭ҽ̵ԺҲ˳ˡ
ѽɲС߹̰ԵԲŶʱżúã˵Ͳ˵Ѿͷ㱾´ôһԧⰡϽлԵ̹պ㰢úôһ
ǵ˿Ҫ׼ܶණģǱٴҲҪȶȫ˲ȡ߹绹ǵͰԺ˾Ŷ԰ ŶЦݿ䡰仹ӮŶ󡣡
˵˵ȥҪҶ϶ˮǲǡ߹ǵСžš
аŶæҡͷҪ׼Ķ̫ˣæɽȥȻӮˣҵܹҵ
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Сɸˡ߹žƣŷˡǰμҲµһ
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˻һǵĻطۼһ̺죻ҲùҲ˼ĵͷ͵˻һۡ
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˵ҵõΣ߹һֱŶŮաаǲῪġһӡҪ϶ȥˣ
а϶˻ֽϽл
ĸСҲΪ˸Եĳ
غ;ŶҲһۡ
Ȼʦ⣻ǾȻŷӣڿĵطʹһȾƣŻҩʦ
ŶҲ߹ȥסŷֱۡԴϴһһλҲܾδˣŮЩòˣǳһΪһս
ҩʦͺ߹ȾȻƴǣŷ桪
ʲôŮŷͻȻûͷûԵĺϱȻ˵ҪòˣҰ֮ʳͲҪŷҵӣûС
Ŷһ漴ϷӯӯЦ⡰ϱ֪ˡ
ϱҲȺǰŷ˵ݣ뵽ܲЦ
ҩʦ߹ȴһӣȻǶԼ֪ŷ˵ݣŷӲϣ񡭡ˣⱾҵ˽£ҪҪ϶ŷġ
λǰƹ뵽ƫׯһۡŷҲҾ
⻪ɽ޷ᣬŶǲڻɽһһоӪȻ򵥣еĶţܱ¶޽á
߹νȻŷ룻ȥȥŷ治ɰҩʦҲԲƴǣһ˵ŷҵƫׯڡ

 176 

ڿˮԴƽ̹֧֮ɹŰӪʣСҲ߰˸ӡ
Գ˯Сʣһֻж˵¶ʡ
غ;ŶȻһ׼ʳȥˡ
ǣȺЩƣ±ζţ⡣
߹ܡ϶㵹Ҳܣǵϵ۽Ҳûڵųоʵģ̡
ŷ浱Ȼ⻷ŷ˺ͽ¥ԸŶۣԲƫׯ
þư߹κȵ䲻ǾŶģȻǾˡŷ˰ʲôƣҹȥȵĲ̫һ
ǰ¥ľƣԷݸ¶áŷ˻ش𡰾һ˵ϣ칤պ޺ġ
ҩʦҲԼ㣬񱭣峺͸㴿ƷˬζˬСʢ⡯¡
ô˾ƿζˬǺþơ
ϲźáŶѾŲʹ˺ͬ켼ε㣻ûƹ㿪߹ϲ벻ǸƵŵ
˵ԼȫǸˣֵ̼ζЩ߹ضڣŶǼѧĽϲʽͲŪˣѡǱʳĲʽϳԲҲҪŶ
ŮǸǲˡ
߹һǰļȣҲˣӾͳԵǽζгԵľͲעġ
ضҲԼʳƺ߹̰ԵģʦҲضհ
úúá߹˿̺޲ö೤죬ܽ˵վ
ҩʦٱŷʾ⣬л롣
ҩֿˡŷ滹һܵҩʢձһɾ⡣
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ڻҩʦߣŶȻߵŷԱ¡
˭÷㳢ŶϲˣֺȤҲܻ䣬ŷ˲ˡҸղ;Ȥ
ŷȻ֪û⣬ǳһڣϸϸƷȻζҲһ
ƹ͵ѧˣϲԺҸŶԼҲһڡûĺãɲ˵ҡ
ôأ㵹Կ䣻ѧʲôضѧʮãҲûܡŷ˰Ϊ뿼ǵģԳڷʧԡƹﲻҪ⡣
ҲŲءҲ󷽡ǴҶ֪ġ²ؼĻΪ
߹Ե͡üüǺüضֺòˣоŶıʳϽлҲմҩֺ϶ĸл˰
ʦԣضȻ󡣡ҲƱֻʦ۽Ҫô죿¶ɫһƴʦҲڣȻ׽˵ľҪǺã
īҡҪʲô⣿
Ŷžơǰ۽ƺһ˵һ˳Կ
߹϶϶￴ҩʦҩʦþ
ضʲôð취𣿡ҲˣǶǵĸ֣֮ȶĵһָܻģʣµһ˲֮
תšҵİ취ݴһƴʦλã׶ˡ
˵Ŀⶼ˾Ŷϣ书Ϊܺһ
ҿɲСŶҡͷܾһλǰ϶޷СŮӶֵģŶҲĵһض˵ǣ۽һ˳Կһ˵һƴʦλҲ˭ܴġ
µģʲô˵ŷ˾Ʊ
ŶЦֻģǰָ̣ȻʦμӣҲϰ߹ѧֲ˾澭
ҲǺ̿ڣȻǺùμӣɾŶᣬûн䱸ȻҪŷϽʦǲҲƼʧɽơ
߹ۣŷ˵ʱͺùԼıͽܣŷĽ̵ϰʧңѧȷȣŲڹʮ֮¡
ˣ˱ˣŶ¶ɫȻοǰǶľ֣۽Ƿ˵ȭŸۣ÷ܴ֮ء
Ŷװɡ
˼һҺʱװˡⱻصơΣȻҲˣҲƲῪڣ붼Щ
߹ЦûûѾͷԼɡ
ʦ죺˵ʲô
ҩʦȡض֡
ŷס֣ŶЦ̡
ôǺá߹աܲҺ϶ȴȻٺͻаɡ
ֻܻսŶһ¡߹ȺͰʤݼǣٺͻƵһʤټǣƵٺͰһ
òã취ñҲ֪ġͷһԡ
Ŷ̯֡أ
ɣŷ˶Ϊһһ¡ŷʦ֮ǩµһ˾ͺ;Ƕ˱ԣȻʤٱȣʤ˾µһ
ǷһʤأŶԵЦ˵
üǾǶ˱ˣʤ˾µһΣ
ΣŶۡ
ŷۡʸμӣ˶ʮˣ顣
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Ҿԣ߹Ǵȡ϶ԹųˣԿô֪Щûбأò˰ɣ
񱭷޳ָ䡰ЦһδɵСӡ
ǾȰ߹۵ŷҲǸһˣǧδǶ˶֣о澭Ҳ׽İɣǶ˿ѷɫа˵أ
ҩʦ΢ؽŵĿ
Ŷʹ
۽˶ԲμӣԾ书ԾͲҪ֮˵ҩʦƺͬŮšսȻսҪǸžҪó汾
ü壬׵ƻĿ
Ĭ
Ŷսŷ˰׾Ĵ֡
һپϯڰɢȥ

˿ѥ̤ڲУŵڵɽߣҹűݵİɫɴȹ
ŵ⣬ԶɫӰ
һƬС

Ե΢ô
Ŷеĵһ¡˵аڣŶô⣻۽һսԷҲǺõģԷ˵˾澭µһǵڶɾŶԸڶǰҲܳ
ʸ𣿡ŷ͡
ΪûУŶķʡǵĶӣΪβܣһʤ
ŷ淴ŹߵĶӡô˵
ŷǫ΢Цڵһкܶ಻㣻ᣬڻɽͶаؤһϸǧѷĻԡǰܣҲԣ
ȻͲҪܣŷ˫ֱθ͡Ī
ǵͬˣŶ˳ˮʡ
ŷߣһۡɱڣµһ־ڱصãԼһáȥ
޶˲Ŀ뿪
ŶеĹ΢΢ҡҷ΢Цȥȴδŷˡ㲻ɣ
֣ǽı漴һĨչĻȣʲô˵ͽ뻳
˿áСȴڴ˿װ飬
īת򦣬һǧĵϷұӣǸôö˻ЩãȻ
Ŷ㲻ܲˣһЩ
ң㻹ҪģŪŽ谮ޣϷʡ˿̼
ιŶߵĶţס조ĽҰģƻʲôٺ˵ô㣡
ڴӵΣŷģƤĵһգ
ǵľŶȥս֮ǰһЩôǰĻ⣻ɫǸĲˣתȴԴ٬ȴ͸бǰ˵ҲΪ˿ģ
ˣǻϢŶסҪúðЪǡ
īִ֣ͷӱǣֻԺʲôҲҪƴǲǣĩֲһ䡣
ŶǾҪյĽˣ˲߹·յıͽܣưǿŭЩҹѪ׷ѣϻ䣬˵ʲôԼµһˡôմȴ˲õĻĳ˾Ҫӱҹˣܻʲôġǽ̾ϢģǷΡǽ˶ؿչ룬͡ĪӴҲ͸֪ΪˣʱȻĲĵǰΪǿĶúĻúݰ
ȱ׵Ķϡȥʦ֣
Ů¶ࡣŶҲɻˡҲмϳ̣ǻءҪʤɣѹ嵨ʲôƵģҿŲ̹
ŷһ⣺ǰοǲصˣѡصԸˣǿ˾Ŷģ书˼ˣмƽϣڹ˽ⳡ۽ȫԸ
Ŷ͵һۣս־ΪҪϣܡȴֲ̫ѹ⻹ѣͷȥҪǡҪȻȥʹ裿еĵҹХ֡
ɽϲлӪأſ˻غ͹˶ӣƺо˱˴еƸоӲɸ΢Ц
Ǳ˴˵Ķ֣ȴǵˡ
Ҷû˵ǰصƫׯӪء
߹ʦͽҩʦŮھŶʢסӪУŷ沢ûбֳõ飻˸Էסˡ
߹ͻҩʦڻԣһǰ
֣϶̣ȴԸסҵӪҩʦ˵ţǶаȻʲôν˵ʲôؤƢֱ𣬾ȻҲԸŷͬһ
߹ľƺ«´սҲˡаҲĪ˵ңʵҶ֪Ѿͷܸıŷʲô϶Ұģ϶ѾʤȯȻһҪԼңԲڽʲôܵΪҾѾͷҲֹǣ˵ǰ϶óѵ𣿣
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ǸǸмġ
ŶλǰϢˡŷнڡɫ磬λúϢ
аɫҲ˵Ƣ͹Ź֣ŷ˼ֲֵģ߹ƺ«Сӣлˣ
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СиȻ˶Σɺ߹ǵıӰֲһ䡣
۾ȥʦضͲ𣿣ͱЩˣ
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죬Ĭ
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ضſǣһ̱޳ܵաһɧ竡һ
ͿҲһķϣҩʦ̡
֣ססɫ磻ϢˣĪҪ϶ǡ
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ػûпڣͱҩʦˡ
ҲȥϢˡ߹ץ죬߱߻Ӫʡ
ӪѲֵҹˣһƬš

 177 

ա
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书ߵͶλ֮Ӷ
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߹һھơа㲻ͬöСһ飻ôȣ
аȴȻ磬ɨһǰĺ󱲡Ƕѡһˣͬһˣ֮˳
أһʡ
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ã߹ͷһ˵ԶսͬȣҲǲСģðѡ˭
ˣĿ˺Լɱʦ֮ŷϣҲŷǾԲѡģ˲ѡͬһˣô۽ֽӣŷˡ
ŷ΢Цϰ*ɽ÷֣Ժǰʮֽһǰߴͽ̡
˵Ҫɽ÷֣ŶǷһ˿ͬ⣺˹Ϊ书ڹԽ߹ЧԽ󡪡ŷ˵϶߹߹ܹˣѿ廹ǲһʱ䣬ּһǲСĲࣻŷ˵Ҳ׽ϰдг
ʶԽ࣬ڶԵκ书ʱл·÷Уж˵¾ŽپľڶԷԽûķʽҲɽ÷Ҳˣȶ¾Ž֮ǿֶԵСڼʱŷд裬Ҳͨ书Ȼϰ÷ʱҲСرǶԵнΪͣǲܺͽƷҵƷɽ÷ָǶһ޶
ɽ÷һ֮澳¿߹Ϊţϣŷ˲̫ѿ
ѡ߹̫ˣһһ𡢸ֱЩаֶΣùҲû÷ԣϾǵǶ˻Ҫͬһ˲УΪڳĻҩʦͺ߹͹ź׵Ĺϵ
ŷˣüթشԡþԵʦأ
ǵѡ⣬ѡ˭㶼зԵ˵Ŷ΢ЦѡҲ˵ǰˮ߹õѡأѵ㻹±ؤ߹ɽ÷ֺͽʮҲԨԴһҲǰǰ书ؾۣ
ǲġ߹̬ȡ˭ҶˮġϾҲϵ20
ͷͬ⣡
Ǻãִָһ¿˶ŷҲûзԡһϿ
ġ߹ȡϽлռˣǺЦš
ŷִȱȭǰ²ڹ֮ǰָˡȥռˡ
аЦ˫ֻأս̬ܸˡ
ŷ˳ŶȥĿڿн㡣
ŷͻаҲһߡ
ŶǱߣƺȫ̹սаǳ
īȷչŶ۶ûжһתӹǱīȡ
ӣͷ󣻿ڵŷҲδת
еľŶ𡰴߰кչȶڡ
кͻվһԣʵҲս֡
ѡ˸λá磬վڴ˴ߵԿġĿھŶıӰϣУս˴Ƿǲŷ̫ѹأ

С
߹ڸԶİڴܶ󱲣ôͶеʤµһţҲǸġ
ǰżھŷ˹ģǧ뷨Ҫȫ
߹ƴ֣Ŀ⾫ǰȻ΢Цĵۣںžƺ«еƣҲġ
ŷȻҲûƶ벽
ɽۼ䣬һϸ
ȴۼķֹ֣ʦ߹·δƮ֣ŷ˵۽ҲǱֱδ˽ĵͷûжʵѾ˹ԵǺ󱲣ʦҲδӡ˼˴˴ʵʶһɽ÷־书
ظһߣɴĿ˶Ƿ
Ŷվ΢ԶģīȣˣĿתĿţ˭Ҳȳ֣ƺѰҳ־ҪռȻʱ˿̷·Ҫˡ
һתˣ
߹Ѹײڶ֮Ƶ־ǽеʮơ˪һ֮иᲢãɣʵ߹ѧǴһ·յȻȻĸᣬȡԡ׾ĵվᾢΪһʵѲɷֱ档
ŷ˳Сˣ˫ֻԲۣƷ»ɢ漴˫ź߹ʽɢַ֮·Ȼء
߹ƷģظһнһʽʳָȭƣؿڴȥǡǱáİУͬʱﹳã󹳣˼ܡ
ŷת˸СȦס߹
߹һ֣һ̧СǱáҪʹϲԷһɹ֣ѸСָ̫ԨѨһ
߹һݣֻһ飬һֻ֮С
һɽ÷ֵĸУƽƽ棬ʵСָһ֮Уϳ˵С๦º߹㳬ĸҲһ޷ֵ
߹ԲֱƣʹСǰһдǷȴԼŷ֮䲼һڣ򵲣вΡ
ŷ˼ҲɣɽƱΪ֣ɽƵľѧѾԼг֣Ӿ޴֣һͬʱƹ˲ͬλ
úã߹ֻز;þбгƱʹһС𾪰˫ǰƽƣǽʮһС
ŷ̽ɽķߵһϼƽӹˡ
·𿴼ǰһһѩȻ˶֣˶ʹ
飡
飡
飡
޴ײǰɲ
ڴ˾޴ײڣ߹ŷҲڿʽߣǸ͵Ʒȴִ֮ȫսУһ㶼ײ˶־
߹ʮ׾лûĿ书ŷ˵ɽ÷ɽңɵľѧⳡ۽ҲǿĹĿⲻơ

ûȤں߹ŷϣתȹڡ
ǱѾսݱǰаȻƽģȴŴ򹷰ָ˼֡
ǺʱῪʼغ;Ŷѹʡ
ŶĿδѾ˺ܶغϡǱ䡣
Ȼ˺߹ָ㣬ϰһ־澭ֻЩģǴҩʦŬŶһ룻粻ͬȻĶҲͬ
ô˭ӮȻҪʿˡ
˵Ŷӯ
زüбΪ϶ŷʤδϡ
Ҳ֮ʣۺڹӰһжģֻжߺХ絶ľӲײ첻ͣܵĿƺУɳʯľϡ
ػδ˵ıԣ۾ܲ׽ӰģģȵĿߵˣǲɵ̣峺жӰŶֹĽ߶ζ̾ڼͷ
˵ϲŶ¹߱˿˷ܰɣֻԼ͵Ҳϰ书ʵҲܹⳡıˣ˿̻Щûڡ
ۣ
ָӲʵ°ӣӰȻԺ
Ӱָһ˱Ѹ˶ϡ
ŶŻһ
زһߡôǱ˭Ӯ
߹ܣߡȻһЦĿȻڶǱߡ
˫ֻءԴΪܱؤ
ѡ߹ûġŶ̡ɽ÷ֲԶԸΪи㣡÷ȴûУ
㣿ü˼ǣ
ܲ߹Ѵ󡭡Ŷ˵䡰ǷǰʮΪʮƣΪǺʮƹڷΪ㡭
ҪӣضĻʲô˵Ǹʦʹʲô
ŶĿһתģ䲻ǺˣҲзִģʦ
ٳصԼĸоǳ֣ȴ޷ϲЩЩʡʦúýѵɣ
ΪڶڹŷСӲڹ֮£Ŷߡ书ķ˾Ůϡк߹ľѧңɵ书Ҳǿտڰ׻أܰģһ
㲻ѹʾӮ߹ؿǱߣеһ㺬壺ѵ20оԶŷдˣ
ŶĿͻؽȻ෴û˵Ӯ߹
һ̧˻⣿


 178 

ɽ۽ȻķѵĲֹǾ
ʱתȥ

ĿתĹսУʱ
ʮƿ˵ѧе۷裬޼᲻ݡ޹̲ơޣÿһо߾ظƵƷ˫ĳƺš
ɽ÷вУƽҵˮȥȻƽȴú߹͹Ծ̾ʽ·ǻʮƶģΪصǺ߹ʹһͬƷͻݻȫͬĵֵ֮·֮ȡ֮
߹ŷ˾ͺжӦ֮Ȼ˰ԼԽսԽ¡
һԾգӸ»ǡʮơеĵڶС족
ŷ˽ߣҵĽŲڶȻչƮת䣬ʹб·ϼ˫ƻûһƬӰ졣
߹ƽ䣬΢ұ䣬ƻ˸ԲȦһȥƽ֮ʮơеġлڡ
ں߹ĿХںХţײǽ֮ĳײ˸ջȥİ۹ӡ
һɵϸߣצ֮ʱѵ˶㡣
ŷ˼߹ʹʮڵľУɴҲʹؤʹˡ˼ˣֻԲһƳ
˿ʲôûУһƬհףֻǰĺ߹
ڿвͣǱܵȻӦġ
ȴڴʱ֡
ҲǾԭء
߹ɰﾪҲˡлڣ̶ŮѾͷŷҲʹУ
плûаһй̴ͬһУŷ˾ȻжˡлڡƵҲͬʽ
߹ŷ˶ԾѺĶ󲽺ˣɿȻɢ޷˵ĳδɢжָأԷ
߹𣬹ͷһ㲻֣߷֣ǿлڵҪĸŷȴΪ֪
ŷ˳ӦսҲǾˣĿ⳺ָɾ䣬Ǻ߹Ҳռˣ
磬ˣؼǾȻƾеභ
һʮˣľʣѿڡ
ػͷһۻûпһ۵İȹӰתŷˣһˣ
أͲῪ߹£Ŷ֮ûлҷ𣿡
ʦǿɲǺˣزĸ룬е˵㡰Сʹթ
߹лһ˿ͷѵ
ٷҲ׳꣬ˡ׽С񹦡ӻ߹ȴˣйҧƻ临ˡŶڿڸ֪ʮľȻˡ
ñɣش󺰡ŷˣ㱰ɣ
ŷ˿صĴţרڴսС
һپʮơҲԼʦƵԸͺȴѽ˥ŷƺѹûаܼԳȻң翡
Ĳ쳣ӯ·ҲһĲƷǴսҲƮݣӰģԼɲһ
٣˳
ҲڴˣͻȻŲ貨ˣҾȭлǰͽ̣ŷ˸м
УУУ߹˵֮죬ͬˮ̤ƣи֮̾бĲʡСӣǼûзֳʤأû뵽С书Ѹ٣ʧѾõң书Ǿ֮Ҳ̿ڷܲȫգԽǾ书ԽҪŬʹϻ
ǰŶʹͬ貨ġ߹ҲָأҲȵĽˣ书Ҳ͵ˣټпɾ¶ˣ߹ǡ
ŷջīȣŶ˵ǣǰЩ棻ɲԸڹǰѿˡ
ƨ߹һӱֿڡѾͷٲͣΪҲ֪Ͻл䣬춨ҪСӷֳʤ
߹ϢŭŶϴȣҧ֮¾Ŷģշָֻ㣬Ƿ书ʤʵӮʽأǷΪ˶֮ʱѾ򻯵ĽӴڸؤ֮ԾŶԽʮƷǳ˽⣻书·ķȻģŵȱָƣҪ𣿡
ӵĺ᣿ǰɽ翹ˣҲǷܡ
ǣŶ΢Цľ鹫ҲӺ¶ĺ᣻ԵɺϺҵɻӽΪ򸾣ǷǰǰֵܣҵǷޣҲǰλǰһע
ؤ֪ô˵ѾͷҲؤʲôˣʮƷŲôڣοڻǴڴ书ǰ
԰Ҳ߹ĵˡŶûϵӴ߹ɷģؤΰʱ޷ڣҲɽ;Ŷһ˾
Ѿͷ߹ָǴǰҶŷ˶ˡ
߹ŶЦ书ٺҲ߹֣ˣ
߹Ҳ޷ˣжؤӣ붯ֶˣ˵ûԼ书侫տǰʮƵȷˣʹȥ֪˭ʤ˭أ
лǰ顣ŷ˺;Ŷ˫˫ٱȭҾ˶񲻹ֵļơ
߹ѹвԸչһ½ǡǼ
ʦԡû꣬ͱ߹һ
ֻؤԵܺԼɣڶڰҾͲڻҩʦǰ˵ˣ
ʦδôһ䡣
ŷ˺;ŶѹЦ⣬תȻĺӰ֮䡣

չİɡڵȥҫĿ⡣
ɧ
һаȻʮֹעŵѾս֮ã˿ûͣЪ˼
аҲǲɾ޷սپŷһִɡһȡ
֮Ц԰˵ѧֹδյ㣡
ùүĿ΢һбŶĿˡ
ͱؤһսʲôջ񣿡Ŀ֮ǺڡӰ
ŷǳǳ𴽽ǡνĵһǲʺҡңɱ֮ˣ书ĸߵͲ׷ڵɡȻ͸ֹҲһֿ֣ԺңڣӣֻΪңɾ£ΪٻսԺջڵĻɽ۽еĶˣˣӡ֪ǷΪϰңɵ书ƺЩ˼ƫڲˡ
ºܴ󣬺ܶҶûпվڻɽۣ֮һء
ȥһЦ̾չһαɽбķ硣
ǰʤɡһָаյԶͥڵΰ
⡰Ӯġĳü֮ǰŶһһ㽿ŮɣѹɡҲѹЩ
ŶŭҪˣս˵˵ûġ
ȱ̧򦡰չüˡȥ˷ŵ٬ڲº͵Ц⡰ղŰüǰ˰ɣΪ˲ѹ̬ûйսʵǽŵģ˱ϾǱˣô˵ľ֮һıؤ
㻵ңɵʲôѽֱƳˣΪԼεĺܺء
ŷ˻ЦĹüҵаԽԽˣԺǲҲҪ͡Īͳɾأ
˭ϣɲŵģŶǺѵϣǺĳһɲɻ
ΪɻʲôãҲܵþŶҵϣ͡ĪҲû˵꣬ͱָ滮ʺ
ʲôŷ漸úġ
ŶһЦϷüѵ˰ɣ˭š
аī۵һߣ·ղŶǰ㡣
ѶԳ˺ۣаҩʦϻԵѪۡ
Ƽ㼱ˣȴڱԻڼǰ
ȹ΢ŷȭָƺҲС
Ǳ߹ͱؤҲδֳʤ
߹вʣȻǸ̾ηȵĺܣⱻ˳ԽοƼаأ͹һ
۾ѵ𶼷·ǱиرǻҩʦϾȻѪۣϽл񾭽
ҩֲЩӲ书Ӿŷƽ޲ʵ޷Ͽ顣
ҩʦ˺üȡŷֵľҲɾ͡ж겻йյ˺ˡ
ؼѪδӻҩʦָ䣬һж˹ȥѾʧȥĸף׾׵ˡ
ض󾪣׷ǰ
ؾŵıס˸סû°ɡ
ҩʦŷ桰һսˡ
ˣҩ֡ŷȴûκηӦһ㡣
߹аϲаҲûӮǶ󱲣Ƕˡ
ʲô϶˾ʱյʦҲĻʤѶأŭһš
ž
ҩʦһƴ˺ܶˡ
Ŷȴŷȥ
ضû뵽
Լ
Ůʲô߹̾Լˣض£
ˡҩʦ䡰Ҫκνڡ
ŷ˺;Ŷߵŷߡ
ϲˡŶµһŷĪ
ŷ۳ȥЩҩϽлҩѰʲô鼮ҲԵڣϱʲôûУǲؾ书š

ҩʦ߹ͷ϶·˿վǰĴѱ֪ﻻ˻ǡ
աһţŷưŷ˿ȥʱȡ
תȥ
һĪ˵ȡ
ɶֻʤ˵ûкʦأߵĶš
ضؤȴ΢ЦѹסðĻءѾ϶Ķˣû۽ʤѶ
СŮˣŭӾŶóԸˣ
ǸͷΣ㲻ʮùսǡŶǰŶλǰʽ˴֪ǶλǰþŶһΣͷβһУаȻǶаؤҲĳ˭޷ıģ
ҩʦĿأҲȻ޷ı䣿
ǰһ֪ѽ⡣Ŷһ¡Ҳ֪ͷĽ߰׶
ҩʦߡ
ǻǸϿɽҪزŲںʲôһһġ
иǣŷҲ֪״˿̵Ҳͣ
Ŷ˴ûлúú
Ŷ׵ӡף漴תŷ˶ȥ

 179 

ƻ𰵵ҡҷɽС
ѥ̤īȵּ䣻ԶıӰߴ˿־ıӰǲȥ˹⻪

ûлͷ
ƮȻǰҾ񡰺δϲ
ʲôֵùϲģȻĿǣĮ
׷ô꣬һвŵõյҫŷ˲ΪȻܿѵֵùϲ
۷壡쿪˫ۡһûдﵽǸ߶ȡ㣬֪ΪһսȻ޷еĿյһ˿޷ƽĪޣһûдﵽ߾磬һˣ
ѾûĶˣŷŽ˫üӣһݡѾ书µһˣ
ԣŷ漤ת
īȱսô˭Ķ֣ϵۣ
֣ŷҧ˫쿪ָ߬ΪˣԺһ£
µһĹ¶˵ȹҲǰȺ֣˿ΪУĹ¶ҲƷˣ
ŷȻס
ŶεĻӡţϵΪ˲þΣֲŶǵһԼĴ㣻һ׷ôûϵǰ㻶ϲأ
ŷ׺ݵĿ⽥
ҲԸȥʲôʲӵµһŶߵŷߡ˵ҿڣҲǲУⲻ˵СĶǶ֮֮ܽҲ࣬ҧ۽һһڣƺҲѱֻǶˣһȭһŲҵ
ŷһࡣ
Ŷε΢ЦӭĿ⡰ҿ̳СŮ̶ѧĲֻҪܴﵽҵĿģαعֶΣҲϴ˵
޳ָסüġҩʦЩҪл˴žˡ
һ۷˵ĿǾŶǰ֮Ŷܻ䡰ҪúТ˳ףİŷͺŲ³
ڻδ֮ʱιľ
ī۶ھŶǰ޳ָѹʺһ۽ࡣ໤ŶҲȻ˷ӥצŷ˵ֱˡ
ŹŵĺŶð˵ԭһΣ
ԼŮ˶ܲãŷ߳
һڴ˿̵Ѹİ׹žͳŷŶȥ
Ƕ֮죬ŷ涼òֻ
Ŷŷ˴󼱣־ס
˻
Сڵϣһ¡
ð򰡣Ŷŷסӣȴδͣڡס׷һõʲôʲôûУ˵ȴ˵ãﻹǸŵһˣ֪ǰ˵ʲôо书ûлס뻤˾ͶǼٵģ뻤书ʲôģ翵ȺۣôöͿԿסǣɽͯѵ澭귨еǼùֶΣĪ˵ˣ£Ұģ¹ҲǰεĿ̸һжΪʲôǸλã߿һ˷һʲôô
ŷ˱ֹＤŭŷ棬ּеĻҲ
Ǹһ˭ܷ׻ǷĶϱŶסŷ˵Լ޷Щѹеܸоʲô̧ͷһ¶Ը⣬Ϊ˷ʱ䡭
Ѿͷ˵ͣˣŷӣ絶
Ϊڲ˵ҾԶ˵ˣŶۣҲûˡҾͲˣΪΪԼһ
ŷ䵭Զ𿪿ڣ
ݶһ£ס˽ǰԶˣְסеӣˣŶǴỹҪҩʦҩȥãǻкЩҪ͹˵
ֻľŶŶĵĵһ˭Ҫ˭Ҫ˵۽ǰŷ档
ŷϸ٬벻ҲЩɡ
Ŷսһ㡣
ҩʦΪ˾ʧ˰һڣƲκ书ãЩԼ书صģؤػΣӢۣ澭ҲΰպؤӵܡŶٶȿתŷ桰þɵ书ʲôģ

˻ش
ŷŶЩקߡ


΢࡭
һ԰ɫ¶Щ¶δǸӲͷӴ˿ббǵıӰ

һߡ
ս󣬻ɽɽĳɽ
ѱߣøԴһҩƷΪ
߹һԡû뵽϶书Ѹ٣µѾ֮ܳˡ
ҲƼ˻ҩʦˣ޷ֻܽҪĶݸ
磬ǸСŮҴ
ûлش
ػΪβ˵
Ը˿̺ضֲģҪ
ͲҪΪѾˡؤͽΪѣǻǸСŮҪ治ãа˾͸ˣ
ʦ㻹ˡشø׵˿ڡ
ҩʦ¸ǡϽлû˵ǰ϶Ī˵ң˾ͶҪɥ
رض˵ҺͻаҲ;ʱ϶ʱ֣ؤúЩضõСŮһ̫ΪɹĻңӽɹţȨϱбʧң书иǶ֪Ӵ֯
ؿԾŶ˽Ĺʦ˵𣿡
šͷҲɵֵģֻЧҾŶţڸضзֲǳأֻ֪Щ
Ȼزÿɷ
ҩʦȻܸо˿ڵʹе㲻ġ
Ҳˡ߹ԳаôӣƭСŮʱǧֵ书žѡˡ϶ĿСŮƺвʧ֡
֣˻˵ҩʦֹ̧ס߹ķԡ
߹ڻѱߣЦǰҲģأѾȺˣ˵мְգ
֡š
Ӹɿ֦
Ҳûʲô˵ʲôء߹Żյĺ
ؼʦЩɥѹַ߿ʦҲ֪ģԸҲԣ
ҩʦһҡͷҷԸģһӲ书жԶء
ؤҲ֡ҶǾҲʧȤʮƲұѧ
ǡض˵
ضȻǰʦԸҲǿˣ֪ԹŶŷ澭е书ʲôǲҪضŷΣȴҲδŶŶҲһó澭ҲΪ㲻ٱŷѺԹ
ǲǴ°ؼΪ˵飬ⲻá
ͷΪ˾ףŷ׸ĮҲǾһġľ˺öԸ¥˵Ѳ͡Ϊŷҿǵ̫࣬ԹģһǰûдʦҲ˵ŷûΪǡŷ--Ϊ߹֮¶вڣֻûŷ
˵Ҳӹ֪ŷðɱͷΣմľн˳
˺ˣ֪ˡزʲԸҲ޿κΡĺ
Ȼлǰ߹õŵ¡
һҩʦͻضùЩɶͷˡ
߹˿۽ҲѾˣаһԩƵĶСŮŷһѾˣضĻʱǰ찡
ʦصСŮ֣ЩŤ
ҲʦԺ˵
Ժ󣿶Ժ󣿡߹ɤŷӶʶˣаҿɽͻһǰ˰ɡ
ҩʦȻû˵Ҳûзԣ
ȻԸġҪȥףǰ
߹һȴȥɵСӣʲôǰӦýˡ
ĺۣȴҲҿһ£ŷӦˡ
Ŷԣ߹ĵͷ
ҩʦʱҲ΢΢Ц
ؽҲϲõס˹
ףʲôζô㣿߹ıӶʳرĸ֪кþƣ滨̧⡰ŷҵСӡѾͷҪ͵ã
û͵ŶѾǲŸյʲôûأ߹ɱԩˡ䣬ȹҲڶڣʳ
˰۹ӣǾƿһ˫
峺ɨ˶һȦʳ΢΢һЩʳ;ƣ벻Ҫƴǡ
ؼ񣬱ڵȴԼСˣ˲䲻ȡʦл㡣
ǰ֪ҩмζҩȥáŶĽһеݸҩʦ
аȻطȴҲδŮʦӿֽӹһҫҩͳǰһţ򿪺ӱһƢҩɢ
߹Ҳ조ʲôҩҩζ˺ţϴģҲδҩ衰аϵã
ҩʦüһЩӶˣҲһЩСˣת񻹻굤ˡ
ǰЦɡŷҲǰһԻƹҲǶеﵱû˲֪һһ֮£ڼʱҲܾ
ز֪ҩס߹ʡʦҩ󣿡
Ǯ򲻵ĺö˾ֻҪ´ҩܱס߹ŹҩȲҩҲ֮˱ĺö˵߹뵽Ѿͷ㲻߶ҩ˶ʶɣ
Щ顣ŹɭϵĿ̣ԾŶԸ˵
ؤһĴȡа㻹ʲô¾ǣⶫʮƽ򲻵ġ⻹㲻ҪҿˡҪᡣ
ҩʦĻ˱ˣһиϷСǾͶлˡ
߹ĵӡѾͷôؤѣϽлû̫ûиˣ˵ֺóշڰɽ̤ˣ϶ͣôŮӶϱ㣻书ûֹ˵ôģһ¼ҹˣҲû֪֪ġ
ʦŶɫӲãʳ򿪡˾Ͳóˡ
涼ˣӲ󵹷˺ܶණΪǵɽû׼úҶֽѼţ⣬ûˮʳ㴼滨
ؤŴ׺;һ졢ֿѼϴڵĻƹϡ±ţQʮ㡢նϺõĽϺ;ǱؤܲҲȥһЩ壬θĺܡ
ؤԵĸˡѾͷȻûгԵԧ⣬Ǻܲ
Ǻ߹һ½ʱһŶ顣
̧ͷǴʱ½ϣ
ҪȥСҡŶƲ조Ӧң½ϣʦһûټرǴʦҪô죿չҲǲУԭҡ˵Ŷεġ
Ҳ̾Ϣõģʦһ˵ģԸ԰ᵽţҴ壬ҲҾͽչˡ
ǽʲô㣿ŷʣжɼҵҪɡ
ؾܲƵĺܺãʱתۿ
Щ˼һûȫǺá
ʲôѴֻܿڣǾŶʦ֣Ǳ㲻ˡŷҴҵŷҲһ̽š
ͷʵŶĮϵţˣ˲Ǯȫ͵˹ңֻǹֻһ룬һ˸˰¥
Ŷȴüͷ
£ģֹ֪лҪ˵
Ŷĳһۡ㶼ˣѾӽβҵõϢƶķġ
˵ᡭͣס˿ڣⷽŶǷǳġ
ȹߵķҴ˴½ֻȥʦ͹裬ĿֲҹܡԼһѷءµһ£ҲˡΣѾҵġ
̫ãǶ˶ûɹŵˣ벢ڡ
Ǿð¥һŷһࡰϣܼһ档
ųȥˣΡ䵣ĵٶȷ룬粻
߹ͻҩʦ˶ߣ˽Ŀ⣻ƺĳһ¡
Ҫȥ֮ҲǶԵġҩʦǹɵĿǡȥɡ
Ҳ;һ𡣡زԸ͹롣
ҩʦûзԣѶ
Ƕ˲ҲҪȥĸһͬаؤҧżȣָ
ŷ˵ԡ
Ҳͷǰһȥɣһ·ҲӦ
ŶأҲһ¡
˵ɡͬʱһ䣬ǵ˶עĿŮЩ죬δϵҲ˵ͬԼһĻ
ŷ˼״иǡ

 180 

ڷš
۱ˣڶߡĪˣ֮Ｋطӣ֪㶼Ϊҡ
ŶԼУȡůǣġ
ǾҵġͷСӣһӣ׸ıľĪǿŤ
еͷ
͹ͬǾ͵ߡŷ˾Щˡ
˫ֱۡǲ㣬ǡ
аͱؤҲǳصģҪʱһѣǶǺˣ˽Ҳ޿ɷ顣ŶԼϢɹŵһָƣһľΣѵľʦͽ˧޵ҡֻϧǲ֪ҼҾŶľսˡ
ȻкʲôΡսȥڽţϣǶĵĽ͡Ҳһ֪㡣
һЩʧֵĽЦķ۴ӣѰһȪˮʣ硭
Ŷ糺조ҹˣеûġͷǵģղźͱؤսһ
ŶУŷôԵȻͬһȥơ
ҪȥŶתૡǵģ֪˼ҵ塣
ԼԼ֪ŶŶҲ֪׷ȥӺ湴ػǶܡ
ŶоһȴðڴɬҲŲ֪
ѽôУĴ˹̡ӾȻ֪Ϊ--壬Ϊ򲻺ãǽһҪӺú֪
Ѿ͡ĪӣŶԴȻǺߵĺܡ֪֪ѣκ۵
֪ȵĹүЦܰ˹ͷˡô֪ҵҪ˵߽ӯߡ
ŷˣŶȻΣֺֻߵĶš
ô֪ȹӹ˽üסĴŶɽڲ̫ϲǰĽŮӣɽɽվţŮڻɽҰɡ˫۽ӵľŶסţ
Ҫˣ찡ƦӡŶס䣬Ƥô޵ĺƤҪȥǡĽҰģҲҪ
żϷˮҰԧҲġⷽŷ˾ǿһѽϼͷ͵ǿŮĶˣΪ˵óԸٵһأ˵̧žߡӣ˰ɣñ˾ֻһˣ
˵¥ˡ롪Լѵ᲻˳¡ֲǼ
ŷ˽üһ͸ˣӵĽñȥˡ
Ȼ˷Ŷᴷ桭ȥǡ⻰˵ļˡ
˭֪һŵ䣬ΪᱧסĴҸԸⱧȥ

Ŷаգ漴ҲԽеĽ֮иһ˿ġδϸ룬ůĴȴдֱռ˹
ңʲô룡ɲʱСԴװ顰Ψģ
쿪˫ۣƣŶģ÷罫˿𡢷桰еȷԶĺð취ɱҵĸǣŶΌģ
أü˿̵аħ

һŮ˱õİ취ǶסΪ֮Լ죡

صӪѾǸϡ
ŶĴ˸Ƿ
ʺúϢġ
һѣŭ⡰˭ġ
һ϶ǵóѵ⣬ͷߡֻ㣬šղܣ
Һ˵ŶؿǲҲú㻪ɽ۽һ
Ƥߺ죬ŭˣӴס޼Ļ⣬߻Ӫء
ӪڣŷǳžƣŲĿһб
ŷҲǻˡ
šŷӦ
ŶжиֻǵͷԼӪȥ
Ҫذɽˣʲô㣿ŷǳ˵ԼĴ㣬ǵ١
ŷӭȥǴ½ϣЩ˾Ŷ
áûзԣꡰҲĪãȥء
ζǾŶ滨
ǵġŷȻ׽ȴҲ֪׽
ŷ¾ƱĿ⳯ȥ
ӴĿ⣬ŷжٻǡ䱸ֽš
ŷѹŷ˼ͷ˶һȻˣҲı䡣
˵áᡯĿǣĿ⺬
ԽϸҲҵ˲ࡣŷ泯ӪʿȥŷҽȥҪˣɽɽҪѹȴҲܲסνɣ޷ţ
ŷ⶯黳֮סɽׯİ书Ҳİɣֹǵģ߾ȫɽׯԲ
ˣŷ治ϰ飬󲽶ȥ
ȹӪ϶ɫۿˮͣϱ֮ǰ󲻾£һ·н¥֮˴һУƽҡ
ŷ汳ԣδͣҲأ²껹Ҫġ
ŷߵߣǵģ͵
¡Ѿ߳Զ
ŶϻۡǱʵ书ǵġ仰͵֢ᣬ߾ȻˣǱĴ
ĪˡҲŸ֪ͳᡰ˵ġǲһŬȥԼҲˡ
ҲǣŶѾ쿴ıӰ
ŷסŶ衰ãҴδڵõ˻ر̫١
Ŷδչտǡ쿪˫۽ůĻסš
ŷḧžŶĺ󱳡ӣǿµĽˡŶ˿ҪЦˡ
Ȼ˲ĶšΪҪ˼ˡлЩԼȻȻк񣿡
һ޳ָķķ϶Ǿ뵭ȻЦ⣻§˻еˣԶȥķΪ㡪ʤ˼
ǸеĻ̫ȻתΪǰĶšĹӣҲȻеĺˣѾǶصӡ
ǧαͬ
Өֳ˰۹Ӵ˿ϵᣬ񾲶ȻţǡһˣǾʱĪܽ£徻һꡣ
ǳаǣξٴƵЦ˶ˡ
˵ףǡŶ˻Ҳ̾أǷްɺաá

 181 

ϵ겢ֻбϸ겻£д缲ҡ
ͨլڣڲסӢӵ
εٸӤŽüķӣü춼޷ĻڽӴʱͣˣǸٵСүˣǰȹһĻǲǾͲüչ
ʧǰϲӡ
Ϊġ˲ɡǲ˺ģͷյľءͷһ
ǲǴˣ
ֻǺˣ常ӣ͸ûع麺ңȴδεҲδΣִҪعΣȴ˲ʹڡ
ǲʵģεúܶΪ
ܵĽԼȻͬʳɳܣҲûô롭аСɣһʱ޷ı䡣
ŬҲס
ǲǸýǧƱó
Ӱɽ뿪ʱƱûжã֯ϴ£±ӣ֪ΪоǲԸðɽ
ȣˡźӣȴþò˵Ĵͷһ취ġ˿û
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żȷסĴ֣ŵѾĥ¡лЩӣٵȼտɡǲǧƱɢд󲿷ûá
Ŷֺܴ󷽣ĽԼ
ȣԲûáְܴ죬ԼĴϻ޽أ
æҡͷĴҵģҵӶá
ȣ⴫Ƽ
Ⱥӣæӭ
Ժ⣬Ƽɡӡ
ôôˣܾƼ
һʼͨΣദĵһ㣬ǳչΪһϵڶʧȥгǳжҲˡ
ֽװ˺ܶӽӹݡ
ڣȷ˺ӣҲӭ˳Ÿɾӡ˵䣬ݹȥƼתһȲ裬ʵѾ䣬ϵ껹˾
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ȥ￸׹ƼϵաǺ漦Ѽֲڣһ̫ĳԵôࡣ
Ҫġ֪Ƽеĺ˭οǾŶģݡ
Ƽ֪Ƕ˶ĽᡰҲԲộ࣬ʳɲУѵҪǸˣοֲǸǳԵģǸҵСԵģ
ŶͷƼͶΪƼ϶գǶھͻ¾߶ƼܾƼһֳԲ꣬ԾøȣһʼԸգƼϴ˵ҲӲǣǹϵˣҲͶٲٿܡ
Сʵ⡢㡢۵ȡ
ллҲپܾȥһ԰ɡڣһҲԵķǳ򵥣תȥ׼
ðƼ΢Цͷѽ֮ů־ȥˡ
лˡִ˼֣
ƼЦţźӡ˵Ļһˣ˫׶ˣﲻչ˭չ㰡Ƽˬ죬˵߶ŪźӡҲ̫żˣֻҪһкĻ
ûд𻰣ֻЦЦ
ʱܻǵҲЩˡ
˵ӣƼҲЩҼǡǰ˵Ҫȥɽûš
ɽɽ۽
ǰǻҩʦδŮȻҪȥ
аȥˣҲһȥɣǿ϶ŷλõĿóͷһĨɴ翷׷ɵٻӰ
ΪΣ
Ϊأ
Լ˶֣ΪеĺھȻĿҪ޺ˣ
ʱҴ֮գȴԼס붪ٻǰ㲻ۼպҵóԸõ޻˵ķһƫŷˡ
ġ˲ɡֺγ
룬Ը
а˵õǰĶࡣ
˵ٲܶ˵룬ҲˣǸöã
ǱĬתĻķӣŷ˻һĺˣҪ˰ɣǲˣŶ
߹ԺͶŪ棬תۿڳգĺڵ۾ԺǺɫսϰɫӵӰǼ·żܰ㡣
Ƕ˶㡯
պҶۡ
ŷˣûҮɾʲô֮ӵܡ
񡭡
磬ȥЩưɡȴѵýմһ𣬼޾ˡ
á΢Цͷɡȥ

ţҴֻһҲľƼҡ
ȻǰǴ·˺٣缱ܣҲſȸˡ
ؤڴ˼ҵĺꡣ
ܣϰӢ۸ô϶أһ󴫡
ʲô󴫣ǰڳﴫĵġ
ؤ˵š
ư͹ӻưģŷϱȫ澭ɾ书ɫ·ǻŷҲˣʮڽưǧ仨ˮֻøһϺгˣ
ģ
Ȼġ˼šʹǰǰʧɽң书ɽɵĴˡ
һؤͷ۲ѡ
ֹˣ˵ϰҲ˺ܶвŰ
ѽҲǸˡ
ǣǡ
Χмɫϰ˵ŷҵٷˡ
Ǻˣ
³˵ǲưľɫˡ
ǰŮô޸ŷǻòᡭЦЩ
ЦһؤҲЦ
Цɡ̡
һӣСͿˡӣư컵˲⣬ŵĿرСҪʲôƣ
һӻɡ˲̫Ũֽϱ˵ľơ
ϣһӻߡСӹݹ
ڹ̨Ǯ壬СþƳ
ϣ˭ഫһϤֽƻǴСү
üͷһ壬ĸ쵰Ǹ·ǰţתۣȻԼһıؤĴ֮һϣȻǸƻյģʱǱ˺ܶࡣ
ڼǾ·䲹ٵٻɾ˿̲ղ٣ɢųζ
ɢһ˿ܲĽթϣСүˣлҲʲôˡ
ԣϾȥһжѾȥ
ʱСþƳӣľơ
ϽЦСү
ѾʲôСүˣϣô䵽˾أ
ߡϷ޷ͱǡ湫ӵ˻ǳѾͷȻָùˡнԼǹͼ
ùơпͣͲˡףͬʲô
һǰ΢
ϸЦСүΰؤѵһʾҲûУ
ϱؤλѾǾŴȴȻ֪㣻ƿؤ񱻸˳ôôĺܣȴҲǿЩʣûոԼ鷳
̾ӻóЩɢӡҾô࣬ٱҲʲôûˡ
ô˼ء˵ĺжȫͬùЩӣһ㶼ûɫлСӣлˡ
䣬첽ȥ
˫թ޳ܵ۷̵ôĹâжӡֶҰΪʲôûˣɱô׾͹ȥˡ
ϡһȥؤؤ޴ȥΧ˹
ЦҶסΪʧһУҪ̻رǡ
֪סһСؤЦӳĿòа
Ҳȣ԰ǸСӿƸңʵ򡭡
ҲɫжʱݲҶ񡪡ҲҪνŮζǣ뵽˴ͷɦֹϳؤʧȥݺԴܾûȥ̻֮ءŮ˵ζˣǷҵģҪһֻ
ˣͷпᡣ

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ǲࡣīҡҲˣҲд¡һȴµң
ӣ⣿¥Ͱ¥֮˻ӡ룿
Ȼô˵ˣǻֵ÷ϢաԱߵİȹۡҪԻңҲǷܵ
˵ģӵȻܵΡ¥еСվھŶߡ
ŶŰ¥׼ѡֻȥƹܳʲô飬һ·ҲˣڽϺúԽ¥˵ϵģú÷һ
лӣлӡ¥֮ͬ
¹꣬ޱȡ
Ŷߵ¥̨ߣȥ⽭Ǻõطɽˮ˽ܵģֻϧô͢С
ɹŴأСʡǸ
ܷѪ֮϶ȫ°նһ񣬻Ŷ䣻ȥ˼ˣҲЩԹŶ治֪δȥһЦ硣
֮ѣΨǾɫÿ궼Ȼ
ȨǸĸ׵Ů᱿ĳء
µ㲻մ£²㡣
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ڼͷĪģߵ˶ĵģµģοսɡĶδľ治εġ
Ŷÿɷ
ͷ¡׵ı磬ѵԼصĸ仵֮ǰһġ
ʱѾ޷ơ׾ˣŶüһ˿ѪȡҾԲκ˺ҵκ˶У
¹أϢһȦ
Ŷס䡰ҸĴҲ԰ѪȵĿֲ̼仮ɢӰ˽εŮӡ
ӺƵĽǳ򣬱Ƕŵһġ˭ء˵Ѱѩմ
īȻס˶ˣס޺ã

꼸գǽշ˴СȻŢ
ţȥƼ˵˼ΣҪȥȡףֲǽһǰ䶼ڱ壬ǸһС
̧ȴһ˫׶ȥĿ⣻δǧ˿ķۼգƵǡ
Ǹǰʯ·ŶŢ·ͷʹ
㻹Ը塣ѥʯš
ŶͷţһȥŢҡҴֲҿɲ鷳
ŷ֪˼ϸܣ΢Цǹ̾ǣˣŢҲв㡣īȣ֡
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ҲʿȻλӡ
ⶼù鹦ҲȻ䵭ĵ
δϴ˶˻ڴˡȷǺܾòŷ֡
ŶϸϸǱ¶Ц⡰ò˵ˣܲ
˳ĲѷԸضˣüĹҲࡣӢӣ䲼·Գʡ
һءɵĴ߶
ŷԣЦѾͷǲСı㡣
衣ŶͣСԺ⣬šŶˡ
ǶԺ
ŷŲīᵴּ£ӱĸ軵ˡ
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ƼЩ𾪣漴һ׵ŷˣҲӾлѾͷҪȸ֪һ¡
һϲŶϲЦտӷе֪ƽ磬ڼʱЩãû£ʧСʦŷߵһϵдǰͨ˸ĪĿο
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ŷɨһۣԺӲʰĵǳɾһССͤЩũĹ߷áȻ٣ҡ
ǰҲľܸɾӲ󣬷˶᷿мãηǳأͨеļҾӣҲϸɾܰ
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ŷҲо顰æˡ
ԼֵġƼƷ㣻ԳԿץһѷŷǰָһѡ
лŷ˻ǵֵסĸ׵顣
ƼܸмŶһж˳𣿺Ӻ𣿳˭
ǣһжáŷ̹ȻȻ̲̫˳ĽϺãҲѾûд󰭡
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ΪҰʱɷߵĻˣһжֻԼ
費Ҫô˵ŷǷĲ١ŷҡͷܼ񰲺ãҲˡ
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ɡƼȥӡ
Ŷüһᡰ裬ԺɲˣҲҼǶСˡ
˫ӣƼŶ
ŶɬĵͷΪ衣
Ųϻϲŷ֡
ƼžŶһ¡ȥҲתͷѵһ۾ۣѺҲҼҳԶԲ
⣿¾ŶԸϾ
˵ƼۡǲҲʶ
ǰ½ɣҲܾδˡŶ󷽿Сӡ
ˣͷǣһȥǡ
裬ʦֻûл𣿡ŶЩɫ
ƼЦݡǰ˵ҪȥɽģôĶ
ɽ۽ʱģû˵ʲôŶѿڸ֪Ҽǵͻرɽġ
·ʲô鵢ˡŷ˼Ƽɫæ˵
ƼЩáôԶˣǵҲ֪ɽˮ˼лҵġ
Ȼȥ
ãȥءƼͷӦ
˹֣ȥ
ŶֻƼһˣҲ裬ȥ׼Сˣ
šƼѹס˴ѵ˻Ҫ׼Ŷǲǲʽֱɰ
УϲյĲˡŶֻò
ǣȻѾҲֻ֪ͣһӦŶȻ㲻ǱңǺúŷš
Ŷô˵ôˡŶҲˡ
Ƽתݣȥ׼ˡ
ڣŷ˲ϸӣլ࣬ǶᱻӲ󣬲ůðȫס߰ɡҲߵﶼԺݵˡ
ܺԼİһСҲ⡣㴽Ůӡ
ӣΪʧˡŷĵȥ䡰ҵľŶȻǰŮӡ
ƽˣҲڷ֮Ŷ˵ġ˵ƶް°ҾŬƶҲֻһʱΪĽڡ
˵ǡԣȻΪԷǵĸࣻ۶ĸԸͷһԽǵСƶȴ֪ƶĥܶණŷһľӪҵŶԹܷġİṩûҲΪɷеĵ
ѵ㻹벻úþӪŶʡ
޳ָüġŶ
ٻ㶼˦˵ġŶЦһճˡ
ܶܲŷҲЦü

 183 

ãͬ
Ƿ޶Ҳ
½㡣Ŷк
ȼ㣬Ҳſ˾ࡰŷӣŶʺá
Сǵ𣿡ŶƼȻĺӡĺÿŶ뿪ʱ򳤴öࡣԼҲˣԺӹעˣ첽ǰŪ
ôСôܼǵ㡣ŷģҡͷ
Ǻ־ץס˾ŶָЦ
ǵáŶϲŤͷࡰ˭˵СӾͲǵҰƣǵҡ͹ȥһͿЦ
˭ЦġŷҲǺƢġ

Ⱥ;Ŷһߣ
˵ˣһ˫ӣϲ㰡Ƚӽ뱧ľŶ
Ŷһڡ͡ĪҲ֪˭ĺܣǲޣЦҲѵЦСû¾ͿЦϲһҪԴֲҶúӺҲסࡣ
˭㡣ЦȥǸŶ߷䣬ŷ˵ǲǣ
һԡ
ŷü¹۾ҲǼ⣬˵Ĳ
ʲô½ˡۡ
ŷӣȽӿڷʡ
Ŷͷüһ롰ûôйҡΣˡ
Ŷ췢ġȼȻŮƵķΣ񻡢Ž·һ㶼ѾΪĸ
йϵ𣿡ŶԼװʲôԣҲû˿ҪҲû˵ʲô
˷ͱʾѾˡעĿ
ŶˡĪҪģҼ޵µһĵͽӣѵЩС𣿡һ¡
ŷϿԣŶ
ȲⰵЦЩ֣ɻĸ۵ĻҵϷŷ˵أ
½㣬𣿡Ŷת⡣
ʶɷǡЦĲȻ
ش
֡ǻڹ֮𣿣
˿ЩĲ衰Ұйȡģܵģ
ôֱסŷ˷޸а⣬һۣ֪˴ĲࣻŶһ䳡Էʹ˸ɫ
ֲŷȻ֪޵ģֹۣ֮ ͼЩεա
ŶŪȡ½㣬ӹĻ費Ҫ
ܺáȵͷˡ
ӻͷһԲʲôõأעԼˡҲǣѾ󣡡
ӵĿ⣬ŷů󣻻ӹȥ
ҲɿԼӣڵС
ȥʲôҪæģŶܰұ𣿡ͻȻ
ŶͲãСӡҲȥƣֻǿù޹ģǶ˵Ҳ岻ϻ
޷ֻͬ⣻Ƕ˳ŷˡ΢뿪ڡ
Цšû뵽ŷһλŮӣǰҲŸղĻŷϡ
Ҳϲŷ˻ڡҺ͹ڴĮܺﲻ̸ıġ
޳˸̾
ȷͬ⡣
˵ĿⲻĶһ
Ժʲô㣿ŷϸʡǴЩǣ
ҲˡҡͷŷֹȥѧģʵôӿҲ䣿һתƻŷϡ
˫ӣŷ˶΢ЦͷͣĪӡ
𣡡ǶѾת˺ܶɫ
ʵСġô㸸ס
Լ˸ף˺ܶ򡣡ŷīȡʼնͨĸӹϵѾˣ٣ڣ
ǰײڡں޲ֹҴˣΪ˾Ͳк֮ǡں޵ӿһ㡣
˵ЩкأŷȻһжȥˣҲ˵Ҫڡ
һúôǵġ۵ӡҵźص
κҪæĵط㾡ܿڡŷ˷ſ˹ȥĶЩ࣬ѾΪ˷Ϊ˸ģζһءֻЩǰм屾ļҵоŶӪĲҵ
ãҺܺá뿿֣һӺϣܱܽ˵Ķݶأرôǿˡ
ŷ֪ԣҲԡ
͹һ𣬰εֵɹšѾ֪ʵھҲȫһǴ
ܺã㱾ǺˡҲһ顣
ʵպ˵ûõˡ
Ҳõ˺ܶ࣬Ǹñʱˡŷƿ˻⡣
أ˭ɹŻǹ֪
ŷҡͷڲܳǷǣɹŻζ׷ģɽڳ֮⣬ֺοǸء
ȷҪڲ֮ءǰŷǷ֮ˡ
ʹЦϡ
˵⻰ʣʹЩɡҪúô
ŷת
ҲעҲ㲢֪Ҳ׷ǿĿ׷ܣֻǺޱעţԼԾԳ̫ˣϰ߱ţȳ鲻ģȴǰ䵭˾ͷˣԶǶװٺϳչģ
ŷϡЦš
ôҰǽˡ⴫˾Ŷ
¾Ʈ𣬾ͳš
ȻŶѾһĵԺһȺؤأֻжվ
Ƽ״ԣűŶغӵ˵档
ŷīһչ;Ŷ硣
Ҳϣ
ҶǮˣô˽լŭա
ѹûȥֻǰŮźȴ欣ǻһ㲻ŭɶɫͷͬèӰ㣻ȴڽּоڹ书Բֻɫһ֬ķ
ٿȻѨһʹ
ûӦͱ߷˳ȥ
ˣ˸͵ϮϷ򣡡ֱֻۿžŶȴδ˿ĳ֣ǲģǰŮ˿δҲ
㲻ʣī˦ѾھŶǰסǧ顰үүڴˣ
ҲؤĴ֮һ书ҲС
Ժмһ¹ȻüĿʣаֽƴ߷ֶ
˼סš
Ϸ򲻴֮Сӡδ˵꣬ͺݺݵĴϣȴоһ˿ָ¶ȣֻȻ
ҲҪֳͺëӡŶ欵ҡͷôӣð֪ɲˣҰڴԡ
˵ǣΪˡŷ˴Цȵιĵز
ϲ裬Ѫԣͳ˳
Ŷһŷ˲㡣
խСԺڶ˾ʹ˲
ֻŷأжΣȴϷèУƮ
īȺݻϵ̫Ѩһ£ϳʹֹδػѥع¡
ûĵطϴʹѨϾ书ٸߣʹҲܡ
շһŽм֮߳˹СԺ
ϱ߷ɣʹУľŵ˳ȥһǽʵʵˤ
СǼ书˸ǿҲ¹Ӵɢ˭Ҳ˲˭ˡ
ĵסŶˣҲδ˵ǡ
鷳ģڲ׽Ժǲ£ҿ´ܵۡŶü书·ؤˣ书ҲǺüô᣿
ؤĴ֮һɵϡҵĴ
ˡŶɨһۡȻ߹ˣ棬ý߹ڰǰһ˵߹˼ҵЩĶҲҪģ
߹ʹģԴǵ˰ɣɽҰСֺ
˻˻
һŵöд
ŶѵһҲˡȸ۾Ҳûʲô
ʲôˣ½㣬ղſ񣬷ǡ֮ͽ俪ŶҲ׷Źҿ书ǡ
˼⡣ŷ˺˿ŶʱɢĹâʲô뽫ʬΣͷ֮ޡ
ֿ磬̼ʧȥ
ʹٶȵڵϹš
ŷĹЦ֮ǰҲƵӲǡ
Ѫƽͷһ
Ŷ΢Ц裬½㣻Ȼȥ
ȣݰɡҲ޶˺ݶܲ
ƼȾͻת
;ŶСԺ
ŢʹûʲôѽΪ飻ðɣʲôģֻʲôûôһ԰¶ء
ŷ֣ˡˣҲѾӣ书ٸԺҲʧȻ
ڿլʺ񰡡ŷ˰Գ㲻ڣ
˿˴书ջ˭˵
ͷǺˣϾʲôûѾѵԺΪˣ޵ģۣ
ŷߡȻֶ˿ڣҾͷŹлл֡īסӣǹζš
߰ɡ뿴ҡ
ǽཬѪۻһȴҪһ䡰ǺˣҲҪ׹
ѾˣͿŶߵŷߡ
һ
˻˻
һŵ졣
°ɽŷˣ
ֲɺ˼ͷˡ
᣿ôᣬ书ؤֻѷ߹λϲ£ôղһ㶼ʹжС˼Ѿô𣿣
ѵģŷ˵书Ѿܺͺ߹ж󣿣
ǱĲ̶ֻӣŲҲֹǰһ˫ٳţʱŷ˵书Ѿˣϵֶ֪һЩģղź޻֮ѹһϵġ
Ц
Լŷ˵Ķ֣书ǡ
ŷ΢ЦŶҪ˸ˡ
ȷŶҲЦ߷֮·ϵŰ塰ǰСҲˡ

 184 

ղһĻûӰƼҲжεĵԷǶˣûʱǾͻǸˣͺһʱǾͨһԶޡ
ѵ֣Χһ
Ů첻ͬҶǽŮƼҲڴĮһЩŰҲͲˡ
Ŷ֪ͨ¥֮ǰţ·¼ˣþͰ졣
˲ʱ䣬ڹԺ޺úٷſϯ
ϯ滨ɢǾŶġ
һڣ䶼Ʒ滨ְ׵Ϣ˵滨ʱҲȲǺþơ
ȲƷƣô;֪ҲǳһСڣҲÿڴ䶼ݵˬ
С顣Ŷٱռ谲ãŶ˱ף賤Ⱦ
ƼͷһԶԶãҲúܰοŶѰŷӣҸ飬㸸ĸ֮Ҳ԰ˣȺͺĴϧҲĿˡ˵˵ֲ顣
ͻƹҲܿܳ׾ͺˡȱ͸ˣİɣҲܻܿ
ҪҪȥƼ˵˻ЩķݣҲ˵ŷˣǿѾСӻܵӰٵġ֡Բ˳ԲˣհǸСӣֻžۣŶܴհ
ܴЩӵġŶ¿ꡰЩҪ
žƱǴ͵һۡ
ȶȻƼˡ
ŷ˲ɫ˿滨
һԵĲãȽҪ˯Ȼȥˡ
Ƽ;ŶʰȻҲһæ
ŷ̤߳ӣҲ˳
ߵһ
֣ղŵĻֻδ˵ɡŷЦ⣬³֮ǰ˵Ļ
г֪˵ķ˲󡯡
ѵǣŷƤЦⲻЦֲ˵Ҫ¹ͺġ
˵ʲôȻˡԳЦԼŷҲֻټи̾ѣ⡣
ŷīǰ˾Ŷľ滹ǲ˵ߵԱߡ㻹ޱȵĽСүѾǽ̫Ҳδ֪¹ķ˲ɶһ治ʵãңҲмңҲ㣡

ŷ䵭ͱǡȻҲˣ
ʲô˼һš
ٳ㻹û湻𣿡ŷ˱תڽպΪɽξڣıȴ޴չҿɲΪʲôʹǴ壬뽫Ŷս֣ҵһͲӦ
ǣȲҪʲôδҪıʲôȴıࡣ侲ŷ֣ˣῴһۣԡ
ǲҶǣԼгŷɨƢһᷴľģɹɨս֮ǿΪγ͢ԵģʱҸͶҲû㹻ıʵȥɹžǺܴҲ͸˰ɣȴ޺þӣ͹սҲûˣܲսȫǿյģ
ҳ˽ġҲòϡγҲԼŰɣ»вбȨģڲһЩϵҵıӣԲֻΪԼҲϣȥǺˣϣͬͳΣǰڽԲȺ͹Ҳܣһ˲У
ʲôϵŷüʡ˵԰㣬漰սֻ֣⿪ڣ֮֮׵ĺ
̾ǲΪ˵㲻У
˭˵У뱣ŷҲһŷüµΪֹȻ㺦֮£һ㣡˵꣬ȥ
ۣŷ̫ˣֻ˵һʱģȻͱµʵ뷨
ܳӢۣ
书ȻȲϹŷˣ˳ıԲǶˣֻҪֵĻᣬһܲҵģ˵õγ͢ʶƽƣٸı񲻿״ȫȴҲʱ쵽ŮӰһѣ˶ѣѵССԸܴﵽ𣿣
ԸµµΪĹ°뱲ӣҲȺͶӸԿࡣ
۴ȴδůҲ𣿣
ٰ¥ֲ֮
¸δԲ
ŶԺڣͥԺڼ׸ͣɡ
ڣīգţİȹϣľǿӰ----ʹ
ԼӲô룬뵱кģкòϧǷɽο֮ʪ֪ĺ˭
ȴ˪ĺ¶ȴ޲֮УԼ໽ռһЦеĿѹУҲ֪ǲԸԼΪ֮Ǽⲻ֪ƽǽҴԣΪѣ
֪ǷźھдЩʲô
ŶŮ鵽὿ģ鷴ѪҲһĨĻǳ̣࣬ҲʧԼǰŨɡ
Ͼ壬ҲѪҺﶼ͸һ侲
⵹ЩסĹˡ
ľ湥кιأŹǲҲˣ
òµģͳ¥Үͳɴ²ľβˣʼղΪξŶġ
ԺڵİȹĿһࡣ
ҹˡе֮ζ⽭ϵҹ»ʱ
ܰ¹ͣת翲ͣתۣһڰȹѩٱߡ
֪𣿡Ŀһȴֺ޽š
īȶչԸ
˳վҪΡɹŵĻ麯ͬʱɡĵĲѾʼѾյʮһȵŶա
ôֳδ㣿ΪΣ˶û¹֮ġ
ҺιأŶ䣬ЦʮһһҲСһ
ü΢ʣˡ
磿ŶЩ⣬ˡ𣿡
ѵǣīתϣ̧򦡰˾ҹҶɪʱΪһվΪ˾β˭üչŷ˲ůڱأǵ٩٬ˡ
ȷֳŶرܡȴ˼Ц
Σŷ˲٬̬ȡ
ľҪΪŶ麯ݸݻգǸùٱҲɹŹôο˻ֳ
ŷ˽ӹ麯麯Ȼ˺¥֮ͨĴ¡ҲǺһеȯܵøɹʱɹŵĹϵβˡתŶȻ˷ǣĪǡˣ
ţŶƲԸ㡣
ˣŷҲʶأݳģݵĻٶȱ裬ľ涨ȻȻŭģʱض
ǺμŮӣضǺ;Ŷһò˵Ĺɫɣ
ƽʱŶ٩䣻ᵽˣüĸ϶ŭ
ò󣿡ŷ˲ǳãЩŭԭòȡ˵Ĺѱ֮ˣʲôݱɾʲôŭղչ
Ǽҵ˶ѹһأҵˣˣٶɪгŶָ߬һ֮࣬ľŭνֻ·ߵҲ̫ˣ
ܶŮӢŷ˳ھЩڣȶ˵氮һǲԸ˷ģˣݾŶӣοŮӡ
ּͻݣܺãԶǺ¡ȹѩɴ紵δ˿΢̫ˣᣡľѾˣҲһΣǶҶ̫˽ˣǴⲻɿڵοľ϶ҼǷģܴӹ˽˵ضҪǿģǺ¶ýƫ¾Э
Ҿ͸ˣεŮŷĺ
Ŷȱ¡ʮˣҲ֪ԼĲ̣֮ʮ֮࣡ɲΣҼҾ͸һˣѵ׵ѪҪڴˣ
Ŷ
ȹȻͶڿݵĻУ΢΢š
ŷ˲ɸоڿޡŶҲʾˡ
ŮһŶ֮ϲܰӣܣ֪һ̰ɫ񣻾ǻҲùһӣ
ŷ˴󾪣羪һףЩ£˵һ仰
ԭԭ
֪֮ˡͶ䣻гֻ˵ҥ㣬жмأȴʵţǡ
ŶҲӣŷҲԸж֮ꡣ
ҾնֻǣŶ㳣üŭɡƤȥιߣ
ŷ˷ЦŶԴ·ԵˣסĪĪΪʧԣʧԡ
ŶǺһѣǵŷʹ
ôĽ֮ˡӴȻŭŷæ˿ǡʮǰ㲻һëСѾͷô
ëѾͷΣŶȻӱΰͲ󣬿ɾ鲢٣ĸ桢¥ڷꡢ׷ɱ˶̬̬
ʱһжδң¥ڷƮҡСŶϻ䡰ҵİΣΪЩǰ׹Щ׷ɱȫԼϣܹƽԴҲϣ¥жҲԹԣδϣδϡҹ¥׼ʼ֮ʱۡ
˵ͲҪ˵ˡܸоŶеìļͷӣ˰ɣǻݰɣ
ҸܶŮŶץס䡰Ը⣬ʲô취Ҷˣ̸ǵķҶԹûãͳͳûã
˵ˣŶŷ˱ס
ҴӼҲĿ̹ǡܸ֮ĵĳŶ
ŷҲķҲֻŮӣӣǾлˣˣ
ûУŶҡͷ
Щ⣬ԾŶ飬Ȼʹʲôַ˶Ǳɵģѵƣ
šŶ򴽡ƺѾˣʱǶξ𣬲ƻӣ֮ƺҲʲô⣻ʱܶ࣬Ͼ˼ɣֻҪϻҲû
㻹ʲôŷЦǲǶˣˣ
ǳŶȴɫ֪еģεٺãӲ۾ʵԸȥҲһԭֻ֪˵һжΪʼıͬģûиı䣡
ô˵ŷ˿ˣ
һϢҲѾŶҧǣҾľҪȢݣ
һϢ
ǣǱ
ͷŷɣ˫õĹƣȻľߣʲô˰
Ŷֻ˵ôһ䣬ŷ˾͸оͷһǸǱȺǸײ֮ˣǺ˸ʨ
㶼
ͶŶͷʹĺܡ
ŷ˸ˣȻþŶ˺޵ҧг޿κεģлᶨҪ
ԽټŶĿһתôҲˣѽ˻òһǵʹ̤ϲ·þŶѪ֪ΣþòҪҪдʡ
߱۰ꡰұ䣬ֺܺת֮ģ
ŴԣŶ
˫ۿ۵ĸշתң缲ŨĲ㣻ຬ˿ڣ̽䣻ֱƵľŶޡ
ź˿ǳҧ䡰һǽ㣬ܱ䡣
Ǻ֮˾ΣɲԼҲҪУһֱаţ¶ҪĬûУСӹô˵İɣҲһţ


ǰƯŵӾȻ
ŷڴϣȴ޷ߣ߽˯ĳָǧҲ⣬ľ潻ǲģǧ˼ҲǾŶ˼֮һ
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ŷ˷´£ǰȥš£
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һżݣ׼͸üбɣһ˫ʯаЦǣӰ¼裻˧ü͸һ˿Ȼ
ŷ˵İ¡š
糵İ¡
ͬǰ£ȴڰ׷Ĳͬ
¥˵ô¥ǰҪ顣
ŶҲ£߳
ˣ糿ŷˣҲͬԶľŶˣ
һ㣬ȹƣ˿δᣬδСӰֻڰ糺ŷǰһ˿׹⣬Ѿֻʣ±Ӱ
ŷֱӰ糡˭
غͻݹޱ顣

 185 

¥
·ϾŶݲϵסȹ˿ɢţ¥
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Ŷֻɫ԰׵ڴϣȴķڡ
жˣ
Сˡͬ뿪Ľ¥֮˼ǰ̹¡ү
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ãŷͨϬ֮ʱͬʱõ˱ⶾʥƷǿҩûѾκζľŶȴǱ
⡮һڤ䶾ȴܳȥ
ֻҪЩ屾Ͳѣ˶׺ޱȣԾŶһһҹŽڵĶƳŷ֣ʣ¾Ҫųˡ
ŷ˼ŶҲͬɫ԰׵߳ǰŶ
ô·ˣ̷¡
ȿڲ衣
Ŷҡͷƿ糣úչȥݣ
ǡ糲ҲھŶǰǳ
īһһδմˮҪˣҲҪǣο˵˴λתݹŭȥﲻװɡ
һڤº˫ˣΪʲôŶŭҵͨŽľǶаӲƵĶǰֹ̾ĸɴ˵÷綼ͣΪǺºȹǰµľеĶҼҵĶǶһƷܽĶҵ󣬼һƷõ˾ˣҸ粻ᣬԲ취˵ģ
ҪҲԲѡɱΪ̫֪ɱô˶Ŷδ
ôʽ
Ŷҿ϶¶ֻ֮ˣ
Сˣ˾˭糲ôֳ϶һƷˡ
Ŷ侲㣡ŷ˻֪Ѫףѵ͡ĪӾͲˣŶѾŷҵٷˣѵҪŭͻݷ
ҪҸŶ˳Ҹ磬Ѿôˣָס㲻֪ҵ꿴ʲôǳªһĻþŶҪҧˡĸ統ɡҺҺ޲ǧ߻ҧ
Ŷŷ˲֪Ȼֳ棬ߣļͷΣѾҲٳȥͻذɽԶٺɹΡ
ҲսȭͷСˣ²ܾô㡭
Ŷ˹ʸҲʮ꣡ڴ˿ͻȻ̧֣ӡ˵磬ǲģ磬Լ
ôΪλֻеĶŶ֮ʣֱ仪ݡҮ껣ҵΨһͽܣɵɹľ˽ӡ˹ӣ㣬ңôҸļ֮ʹôģ
ݱۡ˵ˣԣʱĶҲˣֶΣ϶ʮ䲻͸йһ˿ϵҲмҳĴ׷ɱˣ
ŷףΪβҮΪ𣬶ǾŶţ
ôأҪŶԻǵεȻ޴桰ȥǸˣҪۣ˭Ķӣ
ŶŷסǻݵĴ
ŶǿסҪᣬֻۿдԲҲˡ
侲㡣ŷ˫סŶҪŭ侲ûѣʲô֪ʲôʾҪս𣿣
ǵģˣˣ
ŽĿգŶۣŬϢš
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ڡ
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أ˼Ŷ˵λĸ䡣
֪ŶƢҪɱҲˣͷ­Ѿ߹ھϡ
սҪŮˣλ°糳š
ݴµȷҲãŶҲ޷ٶ͵ܳû뵽粻˵Ȳ䣻Ĳ֪ǰΪ˶ɱ磡ǸһԱ˳ᢡñޱȣܵøϲ
ŶͷһƲ
Ҹ缱ķ裬һͶɩӵԴݶͷŭʨŴˡ˭סѹס˵ܽ޽֮ȴ֪Ϊ뿪ߣ˵һĨӵĻ׸Ƕˣ֤磬š
ʲô֤Ŷͻ򣬿˭ң˸һ£ҵľ澭û˺ˣ
ݼˡҡ
ŶĲһ£ۡ
ʲôң˵䡰ݣǱΪһͽ롢˿ҲںڻҸ籨ңľûݿ¡
ǣڱ㣡ݿʹıۡʧȥжʹ˰ɣ
Υ֮α˵Ҳ˼ŷ塣
ͣס֮ڣġŶһֱϲҪ˵ʲôҪһȦ˵ҲԸɣɹһֱֱȥ粻ǵӣĸɹȴţСɹݲϣʵףҲǺ֪ģ׽ļįŶ˵磬Ҳͬ⣡ǣ֮ףһʼҲ֪ɹĸΣʱܾЩȴǷǧʱ˷ܵ˷ܹǸӵĳ٣κˣաӡӣԼʬĻţÿɹţͶԶԶģҺ׶Ϊϲ˿㣡Ҳϲ㣬ǰտڲ̸㣡
ߣŶߡ
Ϊ㵽ɹһ꣬ʵڿȥ˶˵ڵ飬űұƵ˵࣡Һ𾪣Ҳ︸֪ѵٴΣٴΣɺãݵͷͬһʹ಻ֹŽ˽⡭
˭г裡ŶҪ˻ݡ
ֹҲпݶŶ
ʣ
Ŷ粽á
ĹʣݵûС㿴ŷ˵ʱڸ翴ǿ̣ԵжԵͬʱɢһĹʡ¿ʼһкڰ˱ܵĹ⣡
ݣ²Ŷԡܷ۲ΨһʽҮɾ
ŶŷһãҲ֪ӻ˵ػԡ
ߣŶתҡ
ŷ˷ǳΪѣʴӡݹϢҲܱ֤κ飬Ī˵ǾŶﲻУҶЩ޷ܣҪ˵¥֮ˣԡûѣǵ֮һʱ˵ʲô롭ô˵ȥ˵г裿
롣Ҳڴ˿̿ڣŷ֮ǰ΢΢һЦ
һЦºͣȴûͷһ
һΣյͷʶĻݵͷ

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Σ
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һ˫ֱۻסЦĪװˣǰ㶼ҪΣӻ
ǰչ̻ˡϢһ㶼͸¶Уõһ˿һϢů
ת˵ھεСӻݿƺܵһ˿Ϣһɱô˵ԻҲ棬Ҫ
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֮ڹŶҲ˲ɱдһ¡Ҫˡÿ죬̵֮תǹͷ׼Ρ
͵ϮǱ٣ʧȻ㲻һȡʤ
Թűұ֮أεʧȥϣľô˴ûء
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ŷһıǼ⡰ڴʲôˣ
ô⽭ҲСʦĹҲƼ˴ʦϼң˼Ҷһۼ㣬˰չˣġŶתҹҲòס
˵˵ȥսˣŷԼµ֡ǾһҪĵˮ©ӳԶɹŽǲ֮٣ɹűǿ׳綫գи⡰Ī㸸Ѱǲźá鶼ͣƽ໥ܴλá
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ŶͷߣҲȥţҴ塣
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пָڼɡŶ̯С찺סۺֶҩܱʳӱھ֤Ѿ棻ϧҪٴ͸ٶʹãȻôᱻǰδĶɡ
ⶫҲϡ棬ȻһŷùϸⶫҲǴãλ¥ӭģ
ǰҵġŶûΡͨϬ裬ҩţˡ
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ҩأ㡣ŷīһùȥԹһ䣬ͷСΪȻ嶾涾ϣҩҲãŸİɡ
УʲôѽŶ˵ţһеı󸣬䡰Ұô飬㱨ôˣҴ⣬ΪңŮһء
һ̰չԼŷ񣿡
ʵԼţʵβö֪һʱóҩŷԣŷƸǸթСС;͹մˡ
һЦŷˣƲͷҪͿ߰ɣʱˣͲˡ
Ľղޱ飬糺ȴ͸¶ڸɬ

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ţҴ壬ҡ
رű̵Ĵ򹷰˵ˣǶѾ֪ˡ
ŷ˵Щˣɹܵ飬˵ս߻ϾѾ뿪ɹźܾãϢ
ŶӦĺܿ조ݽ㻹ǣ㡣۾һ
飬תۡףҶҪȥ㲻ܱҲҪԼһ
ƼͷǣǴǸģ룻οҲҪᣬΪͿ̿
ҲҪȥһԵܼᶨĿȥҪΪԼȥֲ˵ȥ˲ܸҪĲһ
ֵܡĺܸô˵Ҳͨ͸ֵĺϽ
ȴŶȻܽ¸֪ǲǣ
ָֻôʦ˵ɡŶԡƤӵ鵽ﶼԷϵġĿתǸ̵İϡ
ĻػĸؤʥСʦ㡣
սҲֹؤȻ󲿷ֶڱΪǲҲûסЩڽڵĵӣǳ˱ǡʲôϡ
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ҲſĴ򹷰ģԼôû뵽أǣļҡ
ӻͷ֪᲻ῪİŶùŷ˰ųʣӰûʦ𣿡
ọ̈̄ͻͬ
üֻǻԸæ𣿡
ȥλ֪𰸡һˮ⡰óԡ
Ŀ⡣
ȥʦ⣬漴뵽һȥһֻķѲʱ䡣
ŶθڲѣǸ㻻ζֻΣŷ˺;ŶҲȥǣԹ
ƼƳǴȴԡ
ʲôԵġŶüҪķˣŪĵ
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ʿȻƣҪβܼ̫ٸôˡβɹŻԼɿˣҵֵɹһҪдξΪС
͹ĺܣһ֧ӵ꣬Լγѹ꣬ҲŹˣ˵һ
뵽˴ɰġ
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֮䡣
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裬ˡŶĿҲڶ֮תƣ֣
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ŷҲ֣֡Ǿʹ˸ˣ
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ߵĲ
ڣīһûһµҡš
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ָסıǼ⡰ҰɡǲЩʲôģָ䲻
ۣ
Ŷ֣ʲôѽҵģڵԴ
ţ
ôһ˵ŷһͷˮʱ
绨ݣһЦǵǰչˣƾʲôҪҸ㣿ٿȻ˪ǧա
ŷ˼лظĻŶ֮ǰ϶ûеģοĵտ϶չеģ͸δıľŶأɾŶûƭģʱֵϰԣΪ˵浥͸أ
ȴСϷʵĿ·˵ô벻ˣҵ֣벻Ҳ㣡
ͻȻŷ˴ЦĽػ˵ҳԴףŶĴ̳ӲִһȦǳ¹֥ľˣô˳
ûУŶһǡԼ벻ҳԴףð˵ҳԴףôҳԵλĴ㻹ǵ𣿡


Ŷ̾һĸĺ˵ҳԴסҲƽϾ¡
ʱŮӵˣղûŷסˣԼʱеıĸĺ
Ŷ˳ĻرΪжһ˿̾Ҳѿڶů˶࣬ʱҲů֮ģŶΣ
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ҲЩӣϬҲ֪ɾŶĵһ̾ȴȻķֹŷ˺εºܣ֪֮ܵһĳգ
죬һֱĲ
Թˣ
ҵҲµĨҲȪ顣
ˣαӱͲ⣬Ժζ޹أ
Ϊ֮ǣǾŶųһѣΪԼ˽ŷ˾Ĵ
ؿףȿɶϣΩŮָɣ

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ͬ⣬֪ȥҵؿ򸾶ϣ㲻Ҳû֪ġ
콫ҩҩ˳
үҩ˰ɡҩС˷Ըģ˾Ҫȡ
ŶأôûŶ
ŷ̾ü㴲ߣ˯ˣۺˣ˵ҲûѡԱ᷿ûжȥ
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ŷҲо˽ᳰ
īȺתҪҶ໰ͺúñ
ݼڣۣܳȻԲˣԼŲ˹
Լȴɢ޷
ҩɣڻвжŷ˸֪ڴˣҺ;Ŷµġ
޹أԼҪյġۣеҩ롰ҲܶûϢ˰ɣȥŶɣû¡
ȷŷ԰׵ӡû£
衣Ĺ𴽱ߺ̡ˡ
ӣҲȥЪһ£ҡҲȰҰٴҲڡŷžŶҲ˶ա
ŷ˼ҮסīȡðɣǾڶ᷿ʱ
ΪԣŶһݣʱЪһҵĶᡣ
ŷתңᡣ

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绪Ŀ˫ǳɫûн࣬ʯɴڸǡ
ŶһʯӶƽĺҪ֡
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Ҳ̫ģ⽭ϴҲȨŷԼȡҩ
ѾŶҲ̫ҽߡ
΢΢ٴҲǼټҵҽ˴˶Ȼ念5֣οĲû£Ҳ޴󰭣ŶҲˣ¥Ҳŷڡ
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ݸȪ֮ˮҲܺȲ裻Ȼ˵һߡ
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Ŷ˼һ취ġ
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ҲĿˣŶһҮã¥֮˲֣ҶĽ¥֮ҲʱԸߵ֤ıҳͷʱڲߣ·ߣԹԺһذҲͰˣȻСԲģܳԵ˵ģ
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һ徻Щݽ͡ǵĴҴǡͻȻͣ䣬Ц˳
ŷһЦʧ˷ţдһζԾŶӦòдʲôЦ֮£Щ⿴
סЦЦ˵һβ̣ǴҲˣˣ

΢Цš˺ǣȴҲĺúõģ͹ǰӣδҲ͹һȥ
𡰿͹֮ҲѾ¾Թˡ硯ζìҪԿ㸸
ѵĸ۾Ҷһ
ľŮΪСӡ
תͷǹ¼ŵ¡˵ʵһûз¹ɾŶ˵ĶԣҸŲѪ֮飻һѧŷ£Ҳ˲١
ŷǳЦ֡ô룬ܺá
ϴζԲˣΪҵԺ˲ˡ
ǲȫǹĴŷҡͷ˭Ͻܡ
ŤͷΪûжԸսϵʱȫԽ赶ɱˣ˵ɲСӨ;Ŷʦͽ֪֮ΪǶҲ㸶Ĵۡ
ŷ˵Цһ֡ʵԼҲȫΪҪŹ繫֪ͬҶԹչȥҵƢȻ˹ѱ桢ɡεЦҡͷ¡ֻ˵ߵ˾
ҲûоǶΡ
ŷ˵ͷʱ磬ҲЩЪҪȥ㡣תҪߡ
ŷˣݽס۾ģ
ŷ˵ͷҵľջа취֪ɷ󺺴ǣҪЧ£Ҳؼ
ݵɫ£϶ɫ˹ʸöġȻ˽ܣɻȴоõ̫İȻභɶ˵жֹɵʣǱ˴ϧҲ֪
ϣŷ޷˵ԡһŮӣ¾ŶûзɵģĹҲǶԵģֻ֧ԭ¶Զ֮»޷̹Ȼܡ
ǰ˵㣻ҸҲǸ޷ܡ֪ѡҸöˣοδ𡣡
ӾͲҪĸŮˡһĨɫǳŷһҮɼҵļ̳˲ˣǶҲֻһܼ̳ŷҡ
ŷ˺ͻͬʱŤͷ
ǸȻɳȴȻȻ졣
硣ݼδһʯɫ۾ûнࡣ
ŷü죬Ϊβ
¥ϤĺܣҪסȻϹˣĽȻڡ
ܵǰѾˣ
ûӹˣһжáЦ紺档
̫ˣǶ˵ֶҩɽ⡣˿۾Ҳˣ͸ͷˡ
۰ͷ󺹺ôչ˾ŶҲǸмֻϧûֹͷʨɱˡ
ĴҲáҡͷЩΡҪǻԣҲϹ۾ɫ۾ôĿ񡭡
޳׵ָᡰλȥɾͲҪˡ
ţݵͷһֱᡣ
һȻ˻ȥ󺹵ġվЩۣ˼űϡʹ˷룬Ҳ֪ʱټ
δ㵹һһĨѩİȹ綼ԼߵǱɶˣ
ŷ˼Ŷϵıȴء
Ү֮תҲ
ɴ˿еİȹ⣬ͬɫϻǶϵⱦʯһذȴţ˿һ֧б壬ǳ˿
Щʽȥ˭Ҫˣ
ŷ˲ɫ
ݿõĻȴھŶע¶ɢˡ
ڵıǲǺˡЦšݣɱסˣþ絶
ҲôȡŶ䡰죬Ȱ򲻹ҹ¶صʱ򵽴ܣǿ⽭ϾãǴ˴
վߣͷ
Ļðܳ˯ģȥ֪Ҫ۶ΡЦҲǴԡôӢͶˣ
һֻ滹ף֡Ŷ󡰶һֻʨͷ滳ʤ
ձĹ졣
ҹҲδϢáŶߵŷߡȻĳѾɢͲǹˡߡ
֪أҲδЩǷ򸾶ΪҲۣѾ޴󰭣˵죻ǺúϢ
ŶŷҲеҲδѣתͷҹҲĪҪǡ
ҪŶߡԼ֪ԼĹܵôࣻҪȥҲʹϣ
ǲʹʹİŷ˼ģҲö˵ֻͬȥˡ
ǷҲɷˡǵıӰɸ̾ԸȢңҲ罺ᡣ
ŶЩԵܽŷλԸ֪΢Ц÷СҲĿ࣬˸֪֪ķȻ籶ӣ֮޷ƣҲһԣɷȴҲġ
ݲͬתۿȥ磬һ㶼ûд㣿ȵǸƢȻưոݵġ
Ŷ˵Ĳͬˡ̾дҲҪؼ˵
ǿҽȥɹ㡣ߡ磬˹ʸЩǰʬĲԸˡ
ݣҲԸ
ס磬ֻҪԸ⣻ȥͬŶ˵
ݶлˣǲǰɹŵġ֡ǽս㣬ȥɹͶأݣҹˣȥϢɡ
硣ݼҲǷŲ˵ġڹ
ȥϢɡ
˹ʸ˵ҪΣҲжĵطҲͬҲ𣿡˾׿ľҲȲɣ
죬͹ش
칰֡롣
ûеõش𰡵ĻЩʧȴûӲơ磬ҲЩϢתȥ
ԭ˶Ļȣ˿ֻһ˶
ϱͿֻۣǼֻл㡣
Զѥ

 188 

뿪ٰǰ
ֻٰƼĸӡ
Ƿǰ
ƼǺܲᣬҲ֪޲ɢ֮ϯ
ҲݽƼչˣǡ
͵˴ڣŷò
ͣͻȻлλˣź常ᡣ
ŶʱϧǳԱ⹼ģı룻պ˽ĹҲҲǰϧԸ˿̣Щ飬һЩ롣
˲δ
ʱ֮»¡ŷǸ⡰ΪңŶôġ
ҡͷҲǹһ̧֮ۿŶ
վԶһۡ
īȺչ֡ŷ˴Ҫллˣ
ȴô˵ѵˡ
ܵ񡣡ŷüԴһ𣬽겻ౣءŷ˻ǾԹ
ҾӶҪллӿʣһԲоŶ飬ǹԼ֮Ļڴ˿ϵġ
ˣȴҲҷ򸾵Ĵý֮һŷһֱѰл㣻ڴл֡ˣҪƴǣ˲ɡ֣ɽ˲Աµĸм֮飬ûɽұ㲻֪Ŷƺ
ŲɵЦңʱԹ񡣡걳͵ϮǼѵ
ҲΪˣҲ֪ҲԸΪҶŷҡͷɢȥûһ£Զ֪ŮӻҸʵʱҲúޡ
̧ͷޣ
ԼΪܣİŮˡŷ˳ϦбȾΪɫӰȥзľΪܿһ֡ҪΪǿߣǿߣԸҲһЩ
ȿаķתôࣺĽǡ
лͣٴαŷٶȹ֡
ȻŶһ·ƽ
лŷĵĸ΢Ц΢ᡣ
תͷᶯһֱڵȴȥ
Ϧ£ϼ죬ǷԶȡ
ŲŶЦлˣ
˵̫֪㣬ҲҪЩŷ˲üȴ¿ЦŨ§뻳ͷԡллӡ
ֽ§סĿ˲Ϊ¡᲻֪أûж˵ĻһӶźġ
񡭡
ȥˣȥˣ
ҲһǷµˡ


߹ٸĸۡѾʱΪսʱָӴΪй˰壬ʱ֪ɹŴҪ͵Ϯ֮£һ׼Ĵս
˿̵ȻսţȴҲƽ
Ϊ֪ԴҲֻţ֯ΪĴս׼
ɹ͵Ϯ֮սܣδˣפҪļơ
Լʽѡ
ɹžӪ
ɶ񣬹̫ɶˣ̨Ǹܵ͵ϮսٸһҶȻţ
磬ĪļæȰһеȸᡣ
ľ侲ô֪׼ȷ͵Ϯӵģһ⡣սС£вܵģܵԭҪܽעġ
߻һλߴվǿǫ֣̀ȴǴ׵ĸߴȻ׳ȴɢΣպŵʣ̨еİ󣻽ɫӷ·èƵͳԣһа㡰´ǻӣԹδģŲԸ˷֣Ÿ֪˵Ӣֻ˻˫ĻĽɫòʵĿˡܰŷǰаݣҲҮǰ㾫¿ǴӢ䣬̫ҫĿƫƫ߷Į
ǲԭϻӥ¸͵ʨ
ѾͷԽԽûзִˣľ͵ơԣһˣ˹ʣʲôϢ𣿡
ҡͷҵõϢǼٵģǾ֪
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趹ѾԽݹ͵ǰӪС
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ǵģ۾Ѿˡ˵䣬һ˴Ůλãȹݡ
ľ˴ЩôĵӣҽҪ߹ô磬Ǻε
Ŷ˵ɹŴ̫ۣԲӪ¸嶯æݽͣ˫ɫ磬㴦Թԣ
Ҳ˽İɡʨ˽ãˣݣҲ飬㽫˽ͨйָõ
죬ƣ׹ס֮ڣǱؾ֮·¾ŶֻСʲô㱻
ľҲվڰ˹Ǳߵġ
Ϊ˽Դһ䣬֪ʧ˶ɹʿ̨Ҳ
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ľ治жǲ
˹ʣִ⴦ݺʲôԼҲҪ׳ǽ֮Ѿǰˣִ֪𷣻ݵĻƾ֮ĸΣǺģοûĶͲ£ͻͰ˫˫֣β׾٣˵ҲԼμ޷ľ֣
׵ĻҲȫ޵
ݵͷ
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һԣסǲǾأ
ݽɽǺ谭Լء׷ӣ̹֡ڻ֪Σȹݡ
ף˹ʣҲΣֻҪ˭ɹصʲôܴӦľʹ¶һ֮Ҿû죡οĽʿ
ʲô
͵ľ𣬴һ
ҲǽԻ٣̱ڵأ۰Լĸ׾Ȼ˵ֻ
ԱߵĽʿҲľ޷˵
ľ󲽴ӻ߶߳ʣѹ׵ľźͻݵĿ־塰סֻʮ죡
˹վԭء
ô죿Ļңȹϵϡ˵İɣ
ӣĪܱȻҲ쳣˿̰ȹһڣûа취ϵϣһа취ģ
̨ݣݣ֪ѹٿûа취ˣȻǵô˵ˣһģݣֻܾ۰ˣһϵİ취ݣҪͿ
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Ƿģﻰһʱ֮ھͻᴫȶС¥Ϥ˹ʿһۻݡݣǵ͹ˣ
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˹ʴǰ߹ӹһ硣

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Ի͡
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ŷסл¥
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Ŷɷһ˳ŷ˼¶ɫˣ
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㵣ģŷǡ
Ŷ糡ҵ˿ȴܸ¥ҹ˲ˣ¥˿ɲҪˣ
ǡҲֹСˡ
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糹֡ȥһ¡
Ŷв롰ɹűųǿֲ
һɫ
ŷ̾ȴöԱҲãŶʵľ͵Щطɣ
񣡡ŶûзϡҲûʲôã
ӣŶ
˶һ
ôŶܳԾǲǼʲôʣ
˵Ƕ˴ϲ˽ӵǵ֪ӵ飬Ҫæý¥¥ҵ˽ǣҾˡ
ھŶߡӣٷ˺ôûְݣ
ûб䣬÷ĵطǡŷ˻û˵ͱ䡣
ŶۣƤ
۵ŷ˿Ҳӣúݣ
Ŷ޷͡ĪΣûг֣
λСӿɺأĶܿ졣ͷԽԽˣ˳˵͹Сʱһģһ
Ŷ조ô죿ҶҲҪɷСҪ
ŶŷŬ조СʱǺϲġʲôСֲǴСͷģΪ̫࡯űġ
조˻󣬺Щһˡ
Σŷʡôһ
شȻ󲿷ʱʱˣڹģʼҩǶЩһˣ˵ǲͬġʹ˼ΣǺʱ
Ŷŷʹ˸ɫҪϿȥɲðȼˣ
ŷҲϲǣɽǻЩ룬ǿӱһܿܵң
СˣүүҲڴʱæĳСˣүɼˣ
ȹһӣߵĲ豭һȣ䡭
磡
໨״һء

 189 

Ү͡ġء
һֱҩĵкת˲޷Σж壬ٶȸôòŷҲ漣ˡ
һΣʱס
ŷ˺ͰǺ࣬Ŷʪѣ׵ˣ·𶼸ڹŹתһȦƵġ
ٴѵĺ󱳶ʪˡ
æͲݽϸ㡣
߲ˡŶýס۾㣬ûиʮ첻ָܻģͰ¥ڹסҴܵȻǲ롣
ŶôôູﶼǺˮǸϿ컻ʪ·ӣ¥Ҳǲ׼ˣǳЩͿϴһ¡
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Сˣ
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Ŷ۾ϵİҪΣ˫ޱȡ
ûݹ죡
ʲô
ŷˡ糶ͬʱеĸҲڵء
ŶҲһ漴뵽Ǿأɾסӡǰ˭ô̵ʱνʿŶ᣻Ҳ˽ҵģҲй¶ս֮¿ɴСΪԷһ˱סݣԼΪͶй¶͵Ϯ֮£δľ潫ƾͼƷһ֣
ǰɣݿŮ޷ʲôӦŶô죿
СˣȥˣԸ¡
԰꣡ŷֹ˴һһú¥֮ϸ棡Ȼ˵ʮ죬ʮ֮ڻݾǰȫģ
Ųԣֵɽӵĺ˿Ǹɵϣһ㶼Ҫ£Ŷۡݣȥʱһ仰û˵֪һ˵Ҵδֹ㣬ȻֽͻںңһƬңʲô취벻
ŶĪŷ˼ˣҲѰ˼ϣ˺ķѪԣҹú˯һ£һе˵ľ׼壬Ȼݲ˲ſ˿ڵġ
¥鷳򡣡ŷ˱ŶģҺ;ŶûµģĿ䡣
һ漴̹Ȼǡ
ŷ˱žŶת뿪˴ǰҡ
ȫ·ˮʪҪúˮС


ϴ齣ϱ̺˯ŰһЩ
Ҫȥʰٴߵ㣬޹֮¯ӣȴŷ˻һ£īȵ߳
ȥô飬ܲ⻪ݴҲΪд˽٣ңˡһ֮ǰžŶ
ǡⲻԸҲ
ŷ˴󲽶
ɰ¥֮˴죬ѰǸۡҲͨṦǽܵסֻҹգѾڸڡ
С鷿鿴ڵĲһλģɹŹеսʽ
Ϊһھͼָ㡰Ҷϳǽ̣ҪҲףֻⱱ泤ʧޣȻҲֲؤפأϽˡֱԣҾѹɹ˵Ķ֣ϴ͵ϮʧΪ壬ǴֲŻᱻܣʵս
ǽͷˣҲҪסɣΪˣλڴأ
ȻǱɹţսֲһȫҲԼ롰ռʱ˺ֻͣҪõҪӲƴҲԴܵˣȻǿڳǽϵͣɹǽһҲԵȼ
Ӵ˷ǳǽղȴʿȷݴ͵ķ
ضͷǺð취ڳһԼ롰ǻÿվƿעϻͣϲȼ֮ͶС
˼ǰ취Ȼˡ
˭ȴͻȻֽͳȥ
ȴϣֽ˴ƶӻصԭȵλá
غҲһҪѡ
ȴŶ룬һϮ£īչݵһǳǳа
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ŷ֡조ô㣿
Ϊβңŷаⷴʡ
̸϶ſڣȴֻѨʿδһĨ¡
ʶϽʣаλ̬֮Ի
ǡΪش
ʶϽҲ
˽ŷˡŷԱ
Ͻһ㶡ŷӣҹò֪ν£
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ŷҹģоҪˡ⣬̤뿪
뿪ؼ͡ŷˣҹ鱨Ҫ֪ǰɡ
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Ŷô˵æʣҲӲܡ
ŷɫءҲǣҲͷŶԹ˲Ͼ֪֮ƹﵱһģʱʲôⶼûУ
󾪴󼱡Ҳۿݱ죡÷֮飬ɷȴҲ
磬侲㣡ŭӡҾ
ԥ˽٣˽ҪҲǵеģŷ˹֡˵꣬¸ǣ
ŷ֡æͷɷ֪סչǰݷã
ءŷ˰֡ҪԻ㣡˵꣬뿪
ŷ֡书ȻҲãṦױͲŷˣҲδ΢ֻۼѩױӰԶȥ

ؼģ磬Լȥ̽ȫ
ҡͷûƭңŶȴûЦ
ؼȰа룺ҿɲţԼ˴̽ؤôС̽ӻ᲻֪١
ģΣͻȻʡҪͶ
ȻѿڡЦ
õҪĴ𰸡ǻȥ̽һٶɣƹ˵ĶԲȫѾɹŵȴеĽү
ǰ磬ĪļҲ˳һе˵
ضģѵҪұ𣿡ȴĵ϶˴²١
һŮ˺ȣأҲҪúòǣù嶼ѷŵӣ̤뿪ӡѾľĽʿܱ֤ǵڶ𣿡
ͷһ̧ݷš

ɹžڡ
ʳ̽뻪ݱܵӪʡ
ݣЩɡȥ˸ζϳ˴ʣһս޼ƿʩˡ
ݱڴ齱ߣжĺͲš
׼ģʹΪ˹̫ˣûлر
㲻õģһ׶¡һȥҰȣһа취ġ
硣ݿ޵׼ͷôҡʹ顣
ݣôҲܸ߹ǵ鰡׵۰Ҳѹָŭ֪һսʧ˶ٽʿ𣿡
硣мίơ
ĪˣԶҲȵˮ׷סӵݸ
ҡͷ
ôСнȴûкð취ԼôûгһԴͲżȴûкˡ
ӡˡ
ʲô£
˹档
ʲôײ벻͸
ã롣
˫ĽѾס׺ͻݶˡ
˹ʸ硣ݲϰ߱˫עӡ
к£ҲźܶĴţֵȴӴࡣ
Ρ
㻹ǲˣݶˣ㻹ĸˣһקס½󣬶ݺݵĵΪ㣡
˹קɨһֻۡҪʮ֮ڹͲˣ
˵ļ򵥣սʽ̫Ϥˣһֱεسǣǽʼ̣ڸǵر
˵˵򵥣ͿСϲϺˡת
СԾŶĳƺ
޳ָ׵ĴֱݣʵҲ˼ӦϣγƳǣ֪ôģ
ݱô빥Ϊ˸ֻΪԼ
ʲôͬҪĺ͸Ŀһġ˿ⱻ˵ݣԼĵ𣿡
ӦĻ𣿡ݿס
Զԣ˵ˣºѻתݣ͸дʲôģӵġ
ݿףֿͷѴһΣβþŶΪѡ
ôֻܵű죡˹ʽɫһ˿аˣЩţ붯нΪ飬ƾһ֮ҲľĻģ
˹ʣ׼ƲסҪε
ʵҪʲô벻Ҳϵݴ˿̱ʹĲֹľ顰ĽǶ˿ָ𣬷򰴸ƢҲˣΪηҪƴʯأѵͲðȿԼ顣
Σһ𣿣˹ͱǡ㻹ǵԼɣȻϺ˵棬ת
˹ʣҪɶô飡ôҲΨһͬˡݣ㻹дŰɣȥͣһ͵У
ȴҡͷĸ磬ҹһ仰û˵ԼڹҲ־ŶСۣԼҲȷ˲ԣ˺ܶˣҲýͰȳ׷ߡ
ҲЩŻݵԣȻֵ˰ɽׯ飬Ļݻݺ˵ĻβͬȺǰڵһθĹأݣʱҪգôܳöൣģ֪иôӣҪս
ĸԥһ·ϾŶҲǺްա
סݵļӣѾ޷صȥһûиı䣡
ҧ磡
дͽһˣҾʱƴҲҪ㣡׸֤ǻ䣬ĸ粻䣡
ݿ۰ԼֳСˣ˹û˽룬ŶҲˣֻʣǶˣһɶȻڴ˿ڡ
ЩʣǷҪ͵ֻҪ֡ɷҡ

 190 

á
Үڡ
ǷѾչڰװǰ
ŷ˼ֱָùϸ̶ۣ֣̽ȻĿȴҲ̹Ȼ
ţﲻ
ӶšҡͷˣǸСˣ
Ŷָ߬ɿٴҩôûҲǵ͵Ըˡȹ绨Ӱݡ
¹ӷбֽȡᱭϸϸϲ衣
ȻϢվҮͷǰ
ҮۣҲֻǺеȵȪˮ
һɾĬڿ𡭡
ֻ͵λ˭ȿԵǺˣ


ҩ̤ڣȴһɹһ¡
ŷ˷²豭һüôҩλֵءٷأ
Ͱ¥˵£Ұҩ˹ʵ档
붮ԭɣֻҩǰֵ졣
ĴȣֻǷҪ˭ųɡŷ˿ɲΪԾŶ˽⣻ȻһĻ㣬˱㶼֣ѵ𣿡
Үԣ΢΢һ˿ɣĪǡĪҪ뵽Ҫͷдɱҡˡ
ŷ˼ɫúõĪΪºķѪ
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ҪûƢˣŷȴҲü֮俴ͻ֮䲻Ҫ⿪һЩĽᣬҪοݣȻŮ֮ĻǲֵģҲһӻǣ
ŶﶼЩˣȥˣҪҪˣ˵ӻҪġ
ŷ˳뻳һң
Ŷб࣬üֽ֮аȻ⼸ҲͺúϢ½󡰴һǾͻȥİɣµġ
áͷҲķޡȥɡ
İȹзŷ
ŶûԶ״ӴͻȻ˳˰ˣɫŲֹŷ;Ŷǿ첽ǰץŶ󡰾Ŷ
˶׵˳ܵĻҲͰһӪʳ

ʡ
ǫ̂׽ѯľŶ
˹ʺҮҲվһߡ
ǲǺܲãʵҲ˴Ϣңȴ䡣
սȻѾעⱣ壻ɻǺķ˴ŶˡһսǿŹãθղᣬúþ
̨ҧ㣬Ҳ
ݼҲð亹ĸףøɾӲšŶô죿
ҪˡŶɨһ̨˵ʲôǴžͻΪڰΣȻǼ̳ˣǾᣡ
̨ɰ˼ʹһҪزϢסġ
һģõ֪̻μء
̨Ҳһʱû⡰˰죬Ҫͼλһ£ҪΰףŶݣɷ鷳չˣ
ݵʲã͵ͷ
ȻҲѹơ
̨˵ʲǫֵ̧̂ס
̨ɫ磬֪˵ʲôҺͼλ嶼Űȡ
˶ͷ趵Ʒû˵εȻдȫ
˶̨Ҳˡ
̨Ƕ뿪ʣø׺úϢ
Ŷüһ¡㣬Ҳչһ¸ȥŷ˵飬Ͼͻ
ŶáأݻδȫӦȹһչѾԼҸӪʡ

ŷһŶĺת
վδ
㣬߳Щ·ŷ˳˹ʹ֣߻ء
ͣ½Ų
˹Ҳֻԭصȡ֪Сʲô
ֻ²Ǻ¡óŶЩƽղͬ
˹ʽ䱸ĺֱ۴ϡ
㣡Ц񾭹ǺսйأִϢˡ
ֻۼ̫ˣΪɽΣ

Ȼŷ֣صӦǣһעģõģֻչ˸ǣһᰲţ
˹ʼŶתصȥˣŷīȽգתء
ŲеȽת۾ͻصߡҪȥɡ
ûСŷ˵ЦĬ
ʵ治ǺʱҲ˵ǰˣҲȴδȸꣻ԰򡣡ƽľУȻЩɥʧĺ
Ҫξָ۾ı롣˹Ʋ조ʵ˵ҶܣαزǸģοүӿҲûˣ
ŷ治ĻҲ˵ڣʵҲƳˣľͼǰ˺ܶࡣ
£ȥɣչˡ˹ʶŷӡ󲻻ǵһ۵ĺˣȴΪĿ
ŷ˱ȭ֡лһὫ¥֮˵ظ㣡
סãֻ졭
ŶѾǲȥ׼ʱ˰סŷ˵Ŷ˵ǿĹķ罫ȥˣжܶ鵱ʱɱΣϸϸʹȥˣܵó˾ŷִ𰸣ûӦϣһס۵ɹŮ˻׶֪ﶾҩ
̾Ϣʵһһ˫ҪҲ˼㡣
˵˲ˣŷ˿򰢲˹ʡôһչ˺
ģƾ仰˹ʾ;֪ˡ
ŷīȺգڴ˹֣漴󲽶ȥ
˹ʵͷߡС۹ⲻ
ΪûֹңĿ޾ת
ʨһɷڵ»𣿡Ŀȴü֡߰ɣҲ˰ɡԼڡ
ôҪ˵飬˵ãɲš
ҲҲĪ˺õͲܲɨ
ͻȻ˳ĿͷҪȴǵ˵˵˵
ʲôŶʲôҪ˵ģҪ˵ʲô룻Ĺ
סһ£ǻȥٸ㣡ͥڵķһѿЦԼҲȰ
ӣʨȴΥ滳Ц⡣
ȴ֪춼ˣ

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ա
ľתΣΪȲˡ
߶Ůңöǳˡ
ŶȰٳǿ
ľ֣һӡ㵹𸸺ˡ
һֱ壬ѵȥûȰҪΪŶߣסĴ֪֡кͼ⽭ô˵Ҽλʦλʦˣֻʣ¸Ϲ۵Ĵʦ
ѵ㲻ŸƴǣȥҺʱǽ߹֣ľģ֡
ŶҲ粵ֻ
һľ̾˿ǰô˵ҲˣѸı䣡
ݽӹ룬ݸɾӡ
ľ濴ݣ𣿡
ݲֻҡͷ
Ŷ֣ס˻ݵ֡㣬ʵֹңøŭǣ㣬ĲָҵĴ
ݻҡͷͷкᡣ
㣬ûֹ㣡Ŷšк뷨ҿǷ֪࣬ʲôأ
̧ͷģô룿
ѵҪҶ䷢𣿡Ŷ΢Ц㣬Ҿ㲻ˣ
һʯͷءΪβ˵
ҺʹŶ조һأȻҲһඡüС£ꡣ
ѾͷȥĻ
֪ЩˡŶͷȥҽһɱҲˣ˦ģ
ľǺͺҲǸˣֽ§סҵĺŮӿԾ겻䣡
ͬһ̧ͷҲŮԸ
ľͷҲл֮ѾͷƺԸٴ
顣ľһһ£ǱǼ⡰ʦʲôѵǹ
Ǹ壡ҡͷһǶŻˣȻأҲһż˵Ļ
ӪȺ䣬áŶҲڡ˵ˮҲܲҪ˵˲ɣˣٹˣԹ˲ϾҿҲˣҲڶɣǳҲòȨˣ֮֮ƣʱ
Щö˵ľȻᣬֻǡ
вʰŶĳԹʦͽǹЩˣɻǸ̵зȻһѸʣһ֮뿹ͽҲۣղǳ֮ˣʱʱн֮ҲŤתƣ
˵Ҳԣľ˼
Ŷݣӵͷ
úϢҪ̫ˡ¡Һ;Ŷȥҩˡ
ľҲûȫǣȥ
ݺ;Ŷһ˴ʡ
мְգĲԸ⸸ȥˣһɹźúĲǡ
Ŷҡͷ˼Ͷ࣬Ȼ˵ˣ
ݺõġŶ˵ʵ嵽Σ
ãŶܲã˾ͶࣻȻҲԺãķѵѪ̫ˣ粻úõü
Σݱʡ
һ̼꣬¡Ŷʵ档
ô᣿࣬ݴ󾪣æסֱۡŶһ취ûУ
ĺȻãɸƢҲ֪ģ궫ͣպУ𣿡ŶʡȰ˵ġ
ȰǸΪȡ
㣬һȴʱڸ㹡Ŷסݡ㸸ףҲɹŵĳɼ˼Щ˵ãԹҡһ仰㱻ˣ˭ȰҲֻĸ˵䣬ɲȻĲ
˵һ£뻪еһ̣ǰ˿ɻ˿ڣݳһ¡
»Ҫĸ˵ø谮ˡŶͷ˵˵á
ݵͷԣĸ˵˽⸸Լڸ߽裬Ŷĸ͸
ŶЦⲢֵÿҫ
ȥĸ硣²˳١
ŶȴƼԶԶĸߴӰ㣬ȥҺͰ˹˵Щ£Ȼȥǡ
˳ֱĿŤͷҲλֳðɣЩ뿪ˡ
Ŷһ̧˵ˡ

ӪƧһ
ȹ˫ֻأüᡰʲộָǵ
Խ˹ѹԼŭΪҲҶ㣿
ߣôҸкҲŭ㰡Ŷᡰ㲻ǿڿֻҸһôӶʯͷĳ˵ģʩ˶
ҮɼҴڽӴĹߣҪǿѹ뿳
㣬Ҹ¶ѾǸˣ˭˭èҵ˵ﶼ˷ԣвв㣬Ҹ磻ΪͲΪһ£
ŷͬŮãΣ
ҲӣҪͬӣŶ粽áΨһ㶼޷ܣĿ㰮Ҹ磬Ϊ룡ֻ˽Ĳϣкӣ
ҰȻϣκʲô
ŮȻ޴Ŷͷ㣬ҿˣ
㣡ڤ粻飡
һŭ⣬ŶԸһ£ˣ
Ӧ㽫˭ǸŮ˭Ҫ֪
Ŷһ¡¥ɲҸһ
УǸŮ˲У֣˹ʵأŮҲشɵġ
˵оͲа˭㣡ŶһۣҪȴԶ𣬷·ڹƴ֮
ԶԶٺʲô
һʿˡ͡ˣ㡭졭ȥڴһ仰˵Ķ϶
Ŷһת̻⣻ȥ
˹ۼṦʹô£

û뵽ԼŷˣϵȻٶ֡
ȻϲȴҲСλ¹ӡ
ʮ˫ֻмӱŴ֮ŷ˰ī΢ʤѩȽݣ˫ֻ⡣
ŷҲҴ⣬ʦӱؤ˵ָͯо澭Ҳܴˡк߹СģҲδ20ľС
վڰ¥¥ڱУŷ˺͹ھӪ˵ļҿսǻҲһæҲ޷ֶ˵̵ȽС
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վڰߣŹŷھʿŰΧȻ򶷵ĻȻңΪλ
˹ʵĿеȺѰĨ޳Ӱô
ߣŶ˫ֻأʨ벻𣿾Ȼô⣡Ȼں͹߶еߣۼлһ˲Ķ϶תչùҲòʹ
˹ʼ¥֮˵ǰǰСŷһ£һ¡ԭˣⱻеүȻҲȻ
ɴ˿ληɹһ߶󺹲ǲ֮ˡ
˹תͷ־ͽסС£αسҪúϢǡ
ҸûôŶʵĴ֡
磡
īƳĻȥĹ
һбֻԲһƳһǽʮĿлڣ
ŷ̽תƣһɽеľѧѾ˲䷢ӳ
ǿǿĶײ
ˣŶ״̸ߺ
ȴһڶ־书ײУ·ը
˵Ķ߶Ĥ·һҩⱬը˰㡣
̼һжΪһţڴ˿̱˺ѶγΪ
Щܱߵıʿײըǿߵ޷վвı˳ȥ
׶ǺһڳæԲֹ

гһನɢڻݸо֮ǰ

˹󣬵һӽɢ

ɢޱߣһжУ˭Ҳ˭
磡ؽ󺰣۵ǰನȫ޷ǰ
ɼζж˶ǷǳģھӪ߻вͨʿ
ضҲǰȥĹУֻλ
һ磬Žһг̴ȥ
ڰƼ˹æǰ磬û°ɣ˴ĳǵ֮һ᲻ʲô飿Ľü䣬ҲŮ֮֡
ҡͷû£ס˻֡
ģ˭ûǰҪ
ġͷ
ԶҲ㣬ҵ߿ȻֵؾۡʦΣκ˶׼㣬Ȼ·Ҳţ
תȥȻƼȹڰߣϵֽɫ
ȹҲоĿ⣬ɻ
ŮͬľֻǸֲ죻ɵĸĿⶼ
ƼŶ
ʲôʴ壬ǲһ̵ĵС󱲣ŶмǶˡ
ŭա˵
˵ˣȻǶս͵͵Ŷŷ˵½󣬵ȥˡӢۺܣ͸öʱӣĪ˵Ӣ۸߹ǰλʦҲû̹ʦ㰵ɱ֮°ɣ
һ˵ɷס
ҲɾĿ
թȻǵжԣ˵Ρر粵ֻҪղɱιЩռľ֮£ѵûùԼ
֮±ûж˵οǸΪ
𣡡û뵽ˣֲŷ⼸һֱߣҲǹҶԭࡣ
Ҳ̧ͷˣסɷҵ̫ɹŴսҾеľֵܵ˭֪ԡҲѶΪ֮
磬˵ʲôѽװİ𣡡ݱ⻰Ȼᡰѵһ𳤴־Ѿʲôû𣿡
һô
Բ𣡡ͷ
ľҲʵԸԸΥԸҲɡ
ŶͻȻڡ
īǰһչȹȺ
زڹߡʦҲˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
Ϊ˱סؽʾ֭õĶҪﾡã
Ŷעǡ

 194 


ݼľ˲ɽ
˼ǰྲ
󺹣
̨ŸҲǰľ棬ǰҲվһ࣬סľ档
ľɫǺܺã԰׵ĺܡ
ҲĬûжвᡣ
ŷȣ;Ŷһǰ
Ҳ
ľ濴һ۰ĶӺǰİ¹ӣ΢΢ͷ
ҲǷ򸾶ˣס
һȻСȴڳ˶֪Ѿȫԭŷ˷򸾶ˣȻľ谮Ľ趹
ʰɣｻǴ̨ľ塣
ľ濴ҡͷ
ŶҲ˹һۣǡôڣѵ¹˲ɡ
ľǣһĨЦ֪⣻΢ͷ
׺ͻݷ߶Щľתʡ
Ȼˣ˶һ߰ɡŶҲ漴ת
ס۾дš磬᲻թ
ҡͷȻˣŶ԰ɡЩ˶ϵҪ˶ϡ
ڡ
ľλ
ԭߴϵߴ˿Ҳʹĥɫ԰ףɣŭ
˿̲η壬ǵǣǰľ涼Ѿˣ껪ڵˣ
ΪΣľ׿ʡ
ͻվɹڽв
ǰһ֡ɱףϣܽŴô˱˻֮Χ
ҶӻǰɹŹľЦ㵹Ǵܶࡣ
ȻѾھŶ֪Ŀģ׶˵вܡ
εҲɳ׿ȥȻҪء
ɱ߷ȴĸĻԽʹǧһ㵹ѧʮ㣡Ŷ䳰
򴽡ܺù޹ĺãʱѪȷ磬޴޹֮ҪѪɺӣжٸĸ޶Ҫ޺죿ж޹ŮҪأŶҲ֪ɹƳ֮ʲôˣ
󵨣ֱָܱءҾβҪСŮͷ㣬ɰ֮ݵðܽ˵
ôڳ֮ǰҾٱҲġҲɫԡΪǱȣҳݡ
ľЦһ¡ǰԵУһҪƳǣһҪسǣȻıû˭˭
سЦΣǴ󺹶ô˵
ֻǾѧңľҡͷɱԼİǻһ
Ŷľı飬ߵ̨ߣڽš
̨ź𣬵ͷ
˹Ƴˣǣס߰ɡ
ţҮһ㶣漴סá
㡣Ŷס˻ݼͷ
ݻͷ
˶˳˴ʣл˻ء
ЩǶ˸֪ʱľ͹ԡӡʦͽҪ
⡣
ݺ;Ŷһǻ˵ʲô
֪Ŷҡͷ㣬ɱҵˣʲô֪ġ˵סݡ
ŷվߡһսĵӣƻƲˡ
תͷŷˣҲպߣøΣȻǵйܽպҲһСɳ
ԹʤӢۣһ˾ǰˡŷ˴ȣдһ˿ԽᳰףĪʤ濴ôأһʤʧȥӦϧĶôԸ빲˵Ŀⲻڻߡ
ŶĻ
ײɼʵŷ˵ļͷϧֻϧҲôģ˺ܶн졣
ĸ磬˹˵ϣǶҲѹŶ΢ЦġǲȻĸ磬ôױ˿͸˶ǳɼ˼ˣЦͷ͸桰ǣ
ԣĿڻЩɣ㲻㲻Ը˵Ķԣ¹ɽضᢵĵ²Żʺ󡭡ȣҪҸ
ݸоůϣһжƽ
ġŶļͷģһжõġ
ŷ˿һߵĻء
ػȻԣתͷ
ڿʲô׼Ŀת롣
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ڴǰûŶҲ׹ء¥˶ˡҲΪ˾ŶŸϧ֮飬Ŷ˶ŷҪлġ
Ըġɫ޹ء
ǡŷ˵ͷһǵá
ۼ㻹ҪŶԭ߶߶ŷ˼ͷҪ˽ɽ
ֻҪǿУҺ;ŶȻȥ¾ǻǻĴս
̾ǰʵĴսһң£ŶҲ͸вԶǷǡ
пҲɽסաŷ˳
ð˵ǰɽʵǽ֮أɫʤաǾô˵ˡ
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ġصͷƢ񶼲κǰŶ䣬Ҳǰ֮֮֮ʡǾĴʦضȻܡ
һ㣬ҲŶֱԡҺȻӴʲôϣٳʲôʱ˭ҾͶˡ
Ҳоá֪ȻĸͦģҲεģ˵˲һҲ
һ֪ټƹҲҪౣءŶٿһۡ
ͷһ϶ͷȻô϶ľĻ˱ˡ
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ٻʦ֡һʣҲоӵ顰Ҳһ·ƽϣֳ翵
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ܾãתʡ
硣ڵȵ˹Ӵ߳æǰһ
̨סӣװ𣬴ǽȥ
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Ҳһߵŷ˷򸾹֡Ŷ󺹾鷳ˣǷ˼ҵĴ޷رֻǰТˡ
ʦҪŶչˡŷҲȹ֡ʦ֣أҺ;ŶÿҲ½ϣϣپ֮ʱ㡣
ǡͷŶݾҲ鷳ˡ
ҶȻһðٱĺöɡŶٶǿ޻ݣﲻˡ㣬ƹ龫֣߿ǡ
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Ŷһб
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˹Ҳ̤֮ߡһŬ˵СһģɱҳǽȥǳǽҲ˱Ƚϸߣһժ㣡ɫΪţʱ;λῡҽĪвС
ſڹЦ𣬸ȹǰȥ
û뵽Ƕ˾ȻСһͶ;ЦǸԹɽܲôҲСƵġ
ʲôֵģպڣǰıҲ졣ŶҲԴϰΪˡοÿռϷ벻Ǻ˼۵ҲЦ
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