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ʮƽУϻҵӾաÿһζݵĻ֮ҲѡֻһαյúͿ
Ҫˡ߹ꣿʮꣿŪֵĻǼꡣ֤ʱʮꡣӰʽʼ㣬ꡣ
ļҵǹȥˡڼǰȫļ˳һܡǶǺӹˣһȣðĵһͷ顣
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صѾһ硣
뿪󣬵һλܰĩһ˴šϺȥԡ͡ˡϺļҼӵͳơһֿЦ˵ҽļҲԳƵļҽˣֻ㸸ĸŵĴССֻϺзͳһϺֶⷬûκϰݣϰ׾˺
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·鷿žһһȱ߲鷿￴
СӼҵļʲ档
ѾұеĹӺӡɨһ鶼ûŹһһذᵽϣȻһһطšͷû̧һ¡ֱһ·ˣûС׾ˡе˿ȥǱɵֵȱߡ
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ӿǼɴְǱһӣȻ̵ĳɳһһ̣֮䣬Ŀ⴩ԽŶ淢˿ңһɵŮˡ
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ط༥ǰǸùݣܲʲôʲôܳ
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ۿǴ죬«έˡ 
칫ҵһλŮͬ־ѵĵšǵúǾõĽ֤ǾһĵҲֵĵǼǱԼǴݣְǰǰ֮ȫˡλŮͬ־ϰ죬굵һҳʱ۰Ҳ˼ſϡ 
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ôܣǰŵ۵ġҵ˽֤žٰء 
Ůͬ־˵֤ 
ҡ룬ǣ䲻Ұġ 
һˣܣһôܸǼǽأ϶ƭ㡣ôģҲûĻŮ˰ 
˵ܰ㿴ǵĻڱǵĻǴǨȥİ 
Ůͬ־ҡҡͷ컧ɳ飬㻹ǻؼҺúõһɷɡ 
˵ǲﲹ֤ˣ 
ܡŮͬ־˵ֻܸ㿪һ֤֤Ƿû֤ 
߳Ǹ칫ҵʱǰΣƺ̫ǿˡ 
ûлظĸҡĸѹԣֻ֪żҳһܡû˲ĵϰߣԼԼ 
ߡ޴ĽʯˣϦԣĬĬǳʺ򣬳 
վ齸ʯԱߡĿ㣬أʯͷļ꣬ɰأ͹ 
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Ҷһ㣬ҶˣҪؼҳԱǸʱ۳㻹󨣬˰ؼңҪľҧһӵĴ 
һصͷðȥϴϴȻժһҰջؼҡ 
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Ҷܵ˴̼˱㽲«έ˽㡣һʼ˾Ϳޣ˵̫󣬲ˮҪô˵Ҳ˵ˡٺҶһҾͰˡֹ˼꣬ҶתۣĸѾˡջص۵ҶĵһףĺΪŵԣⳡԵҲ쳣ĺϻ 
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ôءȻôͨǾͲҪΪˣ˶СһҪӣⲻ 
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ûֹһֱһ㶼ʲô顣ʵһʮŮжľأƾĿܾôһӺΪǵСˡûʶóԼҲоá 
ɱĶĵһŮһеůӹʱѪˡ 
һժĵʹһУҧ촽ðѪ飬Ҳûнгһҽͦºͣ˵Ҫоͽгɡҡҡͷ۾۽һεᡣһ̣ȻлǸ¸ҵŮˡ 
Լ߳ҽԺϲ԰׵Щ¡ĸܣ˺ŮǲܱȵģȻʧȥҲĹ⡣ 
صסüüΨļ顢ͬѧΪһŮˡ 
ʱԼСӡһ䣬ʰúܰϴϣӵ¸оѪĭɫ԰ףͷԵظȥˮüһְļٵİոչιˮ벻Ҫˣ 
һţҪҲüЩˮˣȥʲô 
򼦰ɵʵǸʱüҲʲôʵˮǿԳԵġ 
ı۾üΪˡĶЩˣԵҡ 
ԣԡָ˵ô༦ԡ 
üһۣ֡㿴ѽǺˡ 
ֺһ̣ȼڴأ˵ 
űѪˮ⣬˵ӱ裬治ʱĸӡ 
ڶ죬Ͷգص۵ĸĸҡ˵ѽ֤迴ɡ 
ĸ׵ĿŮ˽֤ˡҲû̫߲ѡеҲֻǿŰ߸ЬŢС·ϵǷۡ 
ҲҪһ 
ĸ̾ŵܵ˵ȥֻĸˣȥӱ߿ûġǱ¶ģ֪ɣ԰׵ɫͷͳȥˡ 
һֱĴߡ 
˵ҪҼȥɣһЩпյ 
ҡҡͷȥɣʲôҪ˵İࡣڼϢͺˡ 
˵˼ˣ㼸졣 
һۣû˵ʲôءҶŵһʹ˵ʲȥ̣ں 
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ŶŮǹɰԵ۰ȴǾʲôطԾÿһδŵʱĻ˵һ䣬ԺҲкŮˣյһ͹ˡ 
ʱһѵõĺţŮô۰ӡ˵ĺӾԲȱ˵Ĳ 
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һͷѳһӣˡٷǳԲȥˡ 
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ڷϵļͥ˵ЩʲôһҲûȥҶٲȻҵİŮˡﱧŵүүơ 
Բۣһг̫µèۣĶƱֻһײһ𣬾˼ε 
ǡһˣֵӡЦֵ֣Щ㱣״̬ǶԻǴǴĻΪʲôһôء 
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һֱȥôعֱ̣꣬ˣߡ˭Ҳ͸̵һ죬ҲǻԹʼʱ̡ 
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һŷۺëµСŮģβ裬Ƕ̶̵СȣССĽڿ첽ߣ׷һгߵ̬ܾǿһгˣǰУӵǰ󶼸һӡ
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ͷԶǵڷ׷г龰ܵ˴̼ԼһգպͿˡӣ뿪ӣҪܶٵίǡ
ʼڼɳ̲ҸĽӣɳĲǽӶ̫Ĵһֱ͵·ûдļҶϵԵ֡
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ѰҸɫΣͯ߳߳ȥҪ߽һͥǸͥˣԵڳమҪۺöꡣȻأȻðһͷȻأ
Ȼ±ۣΪԼ𰸶¶Ҹ΢ЦĸֱࡣԵס֣һ΢ЦԺִ֣֮ϣһÿŮӶϲĻʼһҸƣ͵һ졣
ﻳеġ͵һλвͬûʲôӦһ峿ԺˢҶҲˢҲû˵ʲôˢţĭ
ȻҶˢ˳ȻͶǰŻʹ÷θȻһоûС
ôϽڣеʵ
Ҷڰ֣ǶŻ
죬֪Ҷֻˡúܲ˼飬ǰһУĺˡĽ죬żҾӷԼĻ̬ʱû뵽ҶҲˡ룬ֻתѽֵҶҪˣΪĺûָġ
˭֪ʮȥˡҶûȥҽԺͷһ¹ȥˣҶȻûȥҽԺλлֳһֻǵ˵ĸ£Ҷ˳ڲ٣ʧˡ
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ʱ򣬵ˣ챧ڻɢŴԣ˫̥ŪĸҲ˫̥̫СˣɵҪӪ
ϴʹ졣͸ĸ˵ĸİҲǴԣҶӡ¼˲ңɢ
ĸˣϴòˣɵӡɩӿ϶ȥкôġ
˵أ캢򵥵£
ĸ˵ѽɵǡûֻ𣿵ȵϵˣҲˣ˼ҵĹ⡣ǰ㻳ǸҪҲػˡ
裡С
ĸ˵ˣˡҲ˵㿴ŰɣҪŮҶкǸļ˸˴󹦵ġҪ˶ӣ˼Ҳ㣬׬һŮ
裬ʲôʱˣԽкŮһŮʲôãСް
ѽʱٲһ˼ҵĻǿжġưɣѻѽɵӡ
֪һŮˡҶҹʹȥҹϲǰʰӵ绰˵ǸŮһ˫һɳϡŻͲȴ˵úܺõģõģƽͺãƽͺá
Ǹ˲֪Ůġûаĸ׵ĻϣôຢӲɵء
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ҶԤڲ˼죬ʱΪ˶Ŀȥ̸̸ȥҶһ˵˸˫̥
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ǲͬġ
˵һ˼ͼľ˶ͺǼѺǸ˭ļڣҵĹһµŮӣ϶æҲлġ˼˵Ȧˡ
ⷬġһͻݵŮˡһӣںŪΪļҷԼһȻʮ⣬Ϊһӵĺ͵˵ͷ裬˵ˣ˵ɡ
źЦָϴˮ
Ԥڵʱ򣬱ҹ͵ҶܵĳСӵŮǼҴõҽԺ
Ǵʱûл˵ģ˵˵ԼĸоʹûУûС˵ĸǣʱὲһǵΡ
˵μ÷ͻϧ˵εŮסҶ˵ֻεĴܲʱͻһֵĿ˵к
ÿˣͻ벻ͨЩôྭ̸֮
еڣһֱûB麢ӵԱ𡣵ƾһĸ׵ֱоӦһƤŮ˵Ϊʲôһĸ׵ֱ
һBҽ˺ܾáЩôˣҽ˵ȥʳһӵĶи
 
 
仰ûܣȥһҽԺһزʳڵȴĵסԼĶӣһ仰Ҳ˵Ūøֲסش֣ŵͷð 
ʲôô죿 
֡ 
˵˵ô죿 
˵֪ôʡ 
˵ʲôµġʲôµġ 
˵ʲô£ҲҪһҪȫ˵仰ʱĿᶨֱ۾ 
ˣûʲô⡣ 
˳һ䣬кŮ 
ҽЦЦģ϶һƯ 
ֵЦЩȻһ̡ 
һγ¶ҸĻˣ˳ˣҪʸҪʱ俴ĺӣӭ 
ղײաʸͶ˵ڶ졣 
ڼǽ㣬֪ĵӡŮ㻹ʱѡáÿҸ籣 
ҶҲͬ⡣ 
ŮȺƽ˲Ҷȶʱ軹ŻС¥ϵ¥µšĽȴǧأǶ̧벽ҶڳˣһཱུӤǸСӡ촽˰죬˵ 
ֵˡղŻسСʧ˻꣬վ˼ӣǽţ˼ӣֲˣվţ֮ʲôԾֱӤһޣŻƵģֺС 
УʼնѵġָǻǣʹֵƤ֨֨˲ᣬֻǶǽϵĹӣޣԽԽãԽԽá 
˺ӵĿǸ޵ˡĵǹɾɤӡ˵Ǹϡ 
Ҹˮʳһ̣ȻһŮˣĸףԼһ޵ʱǲҲˮ 
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˵֪ͬⲻͬ⡣
һ۾ţǼ£Ҫȥ˵Ρ
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ߣŮС֡Ȼ̰棬ǶְֺһӾҵ˸оԺ۴ЦҲ۲Ƶġ
һ˵ͬ⣬ҲҶԣֻ˵ǵģҲòá
˵֣һ롣ӵĳ֤дֱ˻ڣǾϵĸĸԺ鷳ġ
ǰҲô롣ǰְ˵ûʲô鷳ġ˵
ְ̫˽ˣĴͥǵСͥӣ˵ģǵĶŮӦܵĴûС
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ι̵ϾڿУǼʱҶ˸ӣԼԺһŲӦġŮӣࡣ
ܴ˿ûб˼𱸾˵ġ
ˢˢصεŮϣһҲˡźӣ벻ףôˣ֣Ǳ֣ƾʲôǵԼء
 
 
ʱ˭Сеأų̾ 
˵㿴ҰҲͦ׵ģΪЩӡ 
˵֣Т˳û˵㡣ɩҵ飬ƾʲôǶûˣϵǿǣʱǸеĻǸĸ飬ûֺʲô¡ 
죬ǣе㣬еǸ 
ĿƵϣ 
ҹˣ޲ֹˡ 
֣Ūţιιɡ 
Ūһ̷ۣŮԣ۾ޡ 
Ҷĺһֱܹԣ˯ú㡣ˮӶԲˡ 
Źȥ˺ӡ 
һְѺӸ;úܲˡ 
˵СѾͷúšտʼιСһǴͷ**ǳ˼ڣζͬҲˮˡ 
Ҳ飬ԹԵóԼ֤֡ 
øְɣȥ֤ȥ 
һˡ 
Ա̾һһʯͷڱˮ͸ˡЦеʲô֡һ˼顣ļҵļףڡֱϡ˴Ůүү˵ӦñȶӺҪ㣬еŮһֽеᣬϣǰë 
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£1

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Ϊ˵ᣬվؼҡһҶǺ۰ᣬûߣӲ֪ҪܶίΪ˺ӣȥԼί
ȥһ˳С׺ͣССĹҪ¯֪˺üĶûˣѵ֧ųһһǰš߸ЬˮϷص죬ߵǸСʱѾƣˡСλãڷҵķС룬¥Ƴ߽СҵǴ¥һ˿ܣߵú׿Ǩκ˵ȴǨԼ㻹ǨΪ㻹ûһ˫Էݶĳ
ҹգСǵҹպɼҫǡԼҵĴڣеƣףΪԼغĵơϲվƮǰڻ԰׷֣ǧϴЦܾɼֻ˵ĸӡ
ĽŸĵʹߵ̫õԵʡ˼ſڡĶ̫ÿһ̨ףеһѡ
ͳԿ״ţ֡Ϻڿӣһӿʲôôࡣ
ǵģ֪֮䷢ʲôĸ߱ѧĸӵ𡢵󡢵ᣬݷֱ߱еĸɫϣϣСͶ
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ÿ䶼ˡÿ˶ĻĬšľҵԾ㡣¥¥ºܶ෿䡣סԣֻŮסͣһ鷿¥ϵķ伸Ӳš
ݺӻ⡣һ˾Ӫһ󡱵ϳ
ǰֻŴļӱĸסҪʱһ˾͵ýĸӻؼҡ
·ϵĽСıῴһòʵǺܺʮ̫̫ųǰһμӳһЩܣ˭Ҳ˭
ǳˡ;ôϱŮɴϹǴѧҶĺƣǺҲûӣʱסţùĻ˵еǷ䣬סһʡ໨ѡ
һˡ°굤͵ҪСѧˡ
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ǵĴϿӣһۣû˵Ҳû
ˣҴظԵķ䡣
鷿ɳ˿˯˵ᡣ
 
 
￴ӡƿ鷿ţ۾ŴϵŮ˺Ůһֻص˯˯µһɲǣ 
Ϳήˡ 
ҲտҲˡ 
ƿǼתʼݻƣ¶Ĳ̬һЩʻĶʼɿգյ׿յĻƿԽԽյġ 
ɺһ㣬Ҫʧ 
ҹȥˡ 
ڶ죬Ϊᴩ·ͣȻȥ׶԰ԼȥϰࡣϻʼʱԼʲôʲôỹСܵõķϳԼڣܵķϳԼڡ 
¶鷿һԷĿ׷ŮӰﲻʱļһ˵ĶԻֻҪǿֵġԸӴ˲֪ЦʲôԸһʤйֻҹ˾ʱʣôڣ˭ 
ӾսйšһŮ˺һ˽սʱһʤһŮ˺һͥսʱ롣 
žϴŮ˶˪ءüëҲۿֱ΢¯ͣ죬ź;еԼֹͣӡ 
ǻһҪԼ㹻ʱ佫һȾɫĲݵƳɵˮҺ׵Ư׸ɾģֻѡ 
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£2

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ҪȥһԶĳУšǸĳж˵ĺǰңԶ죬ȥΪС
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ڵˣĶô죿ʵ
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üߺˡǸļͥȻҲҵ˻ȥļз졣 
ֺƺúƽиԵǲల¡Լķ͵ȥ׶԰еʱддϲС˵鷿һֵ齫Ҳܳš 
죬ŵؼҡܱͣһĳѧڿ־һƪС˵ƣЦˡƣһǺһò裬ġ 
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죬һHεŮӣںҹʺ﷢ʱ򣬾Ĺ¶εġȴһϣѹ¶ҸŮӣֳʵԼÿһ¼ŵҹ 
ָоɣǽײ𣬵ȴղܡ 
ϵһЩ̳дҲһˡݸֽߺͱ񫣬һ׶ΣԣҲǰιһΡ 
һΣһԳ̵ҵ˵ҪһסŮҡĴ飬ѡС˵ԸⲻԸ⣬ͬд޸ꡣΪרź⼸дֵŮһȥһϾ 
һֱǵǴг̣ϵŮҲ٩ôʰˡͷϰĽз㺹ա˵ɫҲɳŮΨνġ塱Ƕ᲻ʵУЩνŮеġùŮ 
ǴϾ֮Уʶ̣ӵĺغʧȥϵôӵĽȴеԵ֣һֱϵ費ᣬ࣬Цеı˾úůŮҡĴûģ֮ˡ 
û뵽С˵ԿزãϵúдȥúůʵֻһѰůŮˣô򵥡 
  




£3

3
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㣬ĶأǵҲ㡣
糿һҪļԭ»̳㳡沢һЩԱϹ¸ڡЩΪ̳ഺŮˣǱȥĲ֦ҶԴвʣ̳ǰָ˵
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ĳڻңУֻǵһͷĻƱŲŲæ
ȵƽƱųתͷЦһ£ЦûƱȥӰԺﶯ
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ĲȡЦ绰٣ 
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еһ˵лл㣬ҿһ¡ 
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׶԰˵صһӾʹһˡ·¹¼ϡҶڼҽ̵Σ𿴼˵ӣƯ 
ûзӦĶͷѾҶ˺üָͷʲôÿģٲúÿ飬ӡ 
ûſ񣬽鷿 
鷿Ĳ輸иջƿһҹĴɫСݣٵġȴˡļǹβݣɫġɽҰĹβͲ߳ȻһٵɫСݳ˰졣 
  




£1


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죬һֱæһɴĲ߻ͷˣش⴫һϸ裬͸ޱߵӵ
첻˵졣ǡ롱ĺ춥ݻɫСͤСĶͥ䡣죬ǹҲƽô߳壬ǰһˣͣضֻ˴ɵĴ豭ߵסǽǴǸӻŮϲûʲôգһȵ򼸶ҷӻȻûСӻɢһ˵ðޡ
һ仨ĿţҪ紵һŮ˵ĳ죬Ҫ绨ѩµϴŮ˵һҲλڣ߹һһͻһ㣬ȫ**ҪҲٳһ֣᲻ѡһİ£Ǹʱ͸Ĳݲһװֽ
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ȫǻô˵һ䣬ôˣƾʲôƫƫɵ 
ȫ֪ºﶼԼɡôһ˵Ҷߺߵأǻඣ 
ͷϣ˵Լ˵ģû˵ 
ҶؿأˤŽԼ䡣 
ɥػصԼһͷ̵˵㿴ôˣ顣˵Ҳԣ˵Ҳԡ 
ֿ˵һ䣬ȳסٺúһҡ˵Ǵطˣ׻˵һ˲صĶʮҡ˵˵һֳˡ 
޿̣Ц˵ӻܳȥأ 
ֲ֨ˡ 
ûͿʼ㶼ʮˣ˵ʮҪ뿪ԼӰɣȥ˵ҪּңһҲˡûУ 
ֲסصͷˣˡ 
ǿסίˮٿҵˡ룬ҵ׸ô죿 
()




£2

2
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͵ŵòסǷͷ裬ǲȥݡ
˵αءסҼңԺ˵Щʲô˼أ
ʲô˼Ҷ˵סĿɲңķӣǰ̧̧ңҲ벽
ĵؿһۣЦ
Ҷӣ촽һµ治֪ĸЦ˵׽ԩЩ˵ϹһҲΪȻָĺ˵˰бµŮ˲ܿס
һæŲˣбǲסǵ졣
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ĺᣬѹ͵ίʲôѽ뿪Щϵķӣƾʲôһססײס԰ײԣϲסþסãʵסȥˣ·ɵѽ㡣
ּԵŵȥ˻ծ֪˵ϸ˵ⲻǺЩ
ѽС㡣
ƫƫҪҿɲɣǽ˭ûа˭ϡ
Ǹðˣ
ҲܣҲܣҶĹֽ
ȻʲôˤϵһĺУ裬裬ѽ裬裬
żͬʱǵķ䣬ֻҶڵϳ鴤ţźĺæǰιԺҶһβ
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Լ֣ˮģ˫ۡ
벻ͨ
Ϊʲôô
ôˣ
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ͬӵǼֲ꣬һʮˡǵСʲôѣǶʱһӷʢľƲ
ԴӺסһһ࣬ǽ
 
 
߳ë˿ټĻӣһ֡ͺ鷳ˣȦļõģһΪ˿еǿʳ˳ۡǮҲ۶գɽǮƵġ 
־ֺУϻǷһƨծ˱ƼˣͰȥ䵱ծˡڸϴ·ʱĿڴǼŵƱġ͸Ҷ˵ˣ 
ֻˡһ۾޵øƵЩš 
ʲôҲû˵ֻǰѵ䵱еƱ֤ǰһţֵľһ룬ֿʼ̡ 
˵֣㲻Ӧá 
ֵͷͳ̣֨ 
˵׼ʲô 
ƣǲ֨ 
Ҳ̫ˡ 
˵Ҳûа취 
ɤӵǵǮܹʲôģ 
˵ҶˡһѵǮˡᡱҪǮûа취 
ƱһˤʲôƨѣҵˣǸ˰㻹ʲôģĶˣӣ㸸ĸ㲻ңңҪҪŮҪҪ 
ֵͷңұ֤Ժ͵õģõģҡ 
ԳЦһţڻ˭ 
˵ģԺ׬ǮˣһĸŮ 
˰ɣ֡Щ͸ҵĶ͵һ˰ɡ 
ְͷˡ 
˵ʲôʲôҲ˵ˡ˵˲˵ԼŰɡ 
ԺʼʧߡΪ˺ӣԼ챻˲ʳСң⽨߽ͥӵǮǾ͵Ǵ˿һֱֵ֡ģ֪ôȥֲæͷͬ⡣ 
()




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3
ʹԼȥҶ̸ˡҪֳͷҲһĻšԼͷһо˵Ĵˡ
Ҷֻ˵仰˵٣ҲҪСѧˡһһѧϰпȥ¥пɡ
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ȻʵҲôҲӹӡ
šҿδô򵥡
ΪʲôֲҪǮӣϼҵ淿ֲûǮ
δ䣬˷ſڡȻˣֹܷǡܡˡ
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ɳϣۿŽż˵ʲô뷨˵ҿ
˵֣ҾôɩӦԼȥӣӣʵǲˡ
žذѲһۣ졣
ʲôвӣ˵μ޵
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İķǵ壬ǵĻǼңҪһǨҪƾǼһܸôķӣ
֣ģҵֻҪһ֮ҹסСѡ
ҹŷӣЩǳԺȣʲôˣҪӰ£ߺˣһҶҲû
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˵ô죿
ܺð졣ҪڰѷңҪǰߡ˵
áǰڻ취
Уͽ졣
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ŮߣǸǶߣǼҲֲФôĴͥҪɢǣЩӳĻǻˣôСݲ£
裡ѵ绰ҡ
 
 
Űѵ绰߳ˣˤĽǰƽʱһʱģô**ҰˣҼҵķӣҸ㣬ûšҾⱲҲҪİ㡭 
̫̫һ˹ȥҶһ§ס 
ʵ󲻳ƽ˳̫̫ôӣȫһˣ 
֣֣豻۸㲻 
ɿ 
Ƕˣ 
ֳˡްشӷһеֲ֧סˣ뿿Ļúõؿһǡ 
ؿˮۿת 
ֿһۣ˵һ䣬裬ˣҪⷿӣȥԺ 
䣡⻰ǰһڡ·һô¶꣬˭һ׵Ϯ׵ 
ַסǽԼܵ£ܡ 
ֵĻһˣõ˶ӵһֽʼþ֮ʡ 
ŮˣĵĶŮˡҶӽȥԺأȥˣǱ߸ҵõϱǼҸʮĶҵš 
꿴ŶӣĿ⣬˵ļҵĶث֣ûȢϱŹǻ˵ˣˣµΪֹ˭Ҳ÷췸ϡ 
֣ 
ֿһۣһղ˳࣬תֶ˷䡣 
ûų嵽ǰţϤİ̫̫ŮˣǶŮˣźϱ˾κιϵϵҪԼ裬Ǿ޿ܳĳġҧ촽˼ҽ˵Ļ㻰 
˵ľ㻰ߣǱ߸޸ʮĴļҵϱҡ 
ܴ˵ 
裬Ȼˡ˵ģû 
̫̫ľһޱܣοĪںͶϱʱվ߰ɡûŮԵļʣһǶϹŮ˼ʣǶԶӵϱʣǶ輵ʡ 
ͷáھȥԺԼİɲסһ˲䣬š 
һۣһƽķ̡ 
ҲΪֵ󵹸뿪˼ңͷ 
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ҶԽԽſ죬Ȼĵ绰
绰˵˵˾䣬ڡͰѵ绰ˡֽ˵绰Է˵ס
˵ǵģڲڼң¿Դֻ
ԷҪֻ˵лл
ѹû뵽绰жҪһ㣬ǸлֵģûΪսĵ绰
һİŮ磬
һİŮ׼ȷǲ
λôҵĵ绰룿
Է˵ԲҸղð绰ȥҵġ
Ŷʲô
˼ˡշϾ
˵ҼǲϾշˡ
ԣǲ졣ֻǣе˽̸һ̸
ȻǰһϾˣշԺһЩ
żЩţ嶯ʵ˵ǲǺҵйأ
ԷҲܼԭ֪ģǻء
˵ЩԾҲСˡ
Է˵ġλˣӦףúء
˵ôԤһ顣
ˣǸ˲úأ֮ʡϣܹԲԸܼһ档
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˵һ롣
Էʾ˵õġǵ绰
˵绰ǶҪô죿ͨһ绰룬Ȼֵġܾ绰ͨ绰һĿǣ齫Ƶģʲô£
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᲻ɵõԼΪʲôһ绰أʲôϵü˵ģֻǼҿӵıķ 
ƱԾеʣôˣ 
û£˵ 
ԣ޹Ʊߵǰʲô飬ң 
쳣еı顣 
û£ң 
ţױȥõĻ˾ĽϰɣǺⳡ㡣 
á˼ȥ˻ױңһƱȥԼĲ¥ 
ǵ¥Ǹϰ壬˶סˡŮ˳أһİСһ0˰ͷһھ¶Ŵϵȸͬױϵùһ޵еŮˣȻǰβżϹϾĶģЩͦεŮԱĲ쳤һࡣ 
̾ϵ۵Ĺƽ 
Լ̸ú˳ǩͬ󣬽ϰļ˧ģˡ 
Ʊû뿪 
ȻȻؾͰѻת˱𴦡 
գ̲סǸйĵ绰˻Ʊ򡣻ƱʱĻ飬֪һѰҲ⡣ 
˵ǿһЩСЦһŬص̬ԼڱЦ˵ȥȥأ 
룬ӦȥɣȻ֪ˣȥһۣһ᲻ģˣɲܸģ 
ǱȷȻ˵ɡȰѻɴ˵ 
еĹ¶ǿŵĭ 
Ʊȼһ̡֧͸ǰŮˣһУߵ·ܹȫ˵׶Իֻ֪ȢôίǣʲôҲǣֻһߣҲֻһߡ 
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£2

2
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ǼǳڣҪɫҲҪ˵ɫ
᲻ڼң˰Ҳؼˣȥ꿴顣ģǺܴ󣬵СĳѼҵ鷿
˲ࡣ͡԰ľɣĵطž˸顣С˵ܣһһ飬±֣̿ԼĴҲ˺ܶģÿζֻһϲ飬ɫɳϡõһеŮҵ顣һֱĽЩűʼǱԣԼ߱ȥκһطңرŮˡֻǶ˵ԶȴԶ
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˵ŶûСҪؼҳȫһ͵̬ٺļսһĿ
鷳㣬Է
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񴨡㰡
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Ͳˣ
ǣô˵һˣǲӵҲԶ⣬绹ǻģðȥĻóȥ˵԰ɣ
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ȾҲһһֻ˵ĺԼҲ̵أҲһֻɡŮ˺Ⱦõ״̬΢ھʹ״̬Ƭһ͸еƮеݶ
һؼңټķֻˡ
˵ҽסģ
ЦЦұǵķ䡣¥ϣ
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˯ڿտյ˫˴ϣһ֦ɫ㣬һ׶˵ġڶ죬û˯ѣˡûţֻ¥绰ˡ
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ţУ˵ϵòҪ
һ㶣Ц
ҲЦֹҳڳ˰Ǻ!
ţ֪ˡӦŹ˵绰
Ϻǻؼˣֻûžüĸڵ졣ţȻڿ߱԰ŽɫڿֽһƬǽ塣
죬һӵˣô˫۾ȺȻָתߡһϤİˡ֪⻹ǲļңЩļȴ޶á
ᣬŮ֡
ؽһ衣
Ůףԣ㰮ԵƬ
ŶƬඡӽӹʳƷһˡҲΧ˹ȥ
һ·ʹҶѩǳԸӵȥΪ˵еʳҲûȥ
ӷﻻ·ȥʱе㲻ԡ
Ҷޱذŷѩһ˳ȥƵġѿһţһǰϣǲ
һԼ
ѩҶһۣҶ¶һĨ
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Ҳйᣬô£
ҧ촽˵
 
 
Ҷƫ˵㿴ѩʲôҲ˶£Ӷʲôѽ 
ŴӷˡʲôǲǺӶˣһۣûһԼҹŮСѩ㿴Ҷʲôˣȥȥ 
˵ţһֱݣһѩ˷䡣 
Ҷɢɢվźǽе㻹Сܻܵطȥ 
ֻʣ͵ᡣסίȥѺ§ 
߻Ǿ仰ҶʲôˣǰҶʲôˣ 
ڶ죬ֱлؼûƵġȴ˵˵ҽ棬ɹĵУαԼһأ 
ؿô㲻ɣ 
˵һʲôôˣһɹ 
һ仰õĺһͷ磬һ־Υ˵ظݾͲôһȻġ 
飬ͷ粢ûдĺӰߵ֦Ǻ˱һġĳױ⡣ 
磬鷿˯ûߣСƽޱ棬⿴Ϊûˡ 
ļΪϰˣʵǵİࡣ 
źѩȥֵķ䡣˯ǽ˵С֣ʳʲô 
˵ǾƢֲǲ֪˵ʲô 
ѩ˵ûãԼŶܲˡ 
˵أһб»ؼϹȥﳳʲô 
ѩܵ˶ϹҲסͳҭҲűˣ۸ңҸϹͷѪأʲôûڶ첻ҪңҪ㻹 
[JP2]˵ˡѵѩѽҲûԽĪֵܵ˵㡣飬ֻ֤ܽݣ˼˽䵹һУÿġȥʱ۱ʮѩҲ˼Ҷ֡[JP] 
ѩһίҪסˣѡ 
˵⺢զôϣ㶫˵ˣ˵ʲôأôһһ㿴һҵģ»úúù۲죬š 
ѩ˵ҪǸץʲôѱûú 
ֲͷ˵ˣˡİɣֲǲ֪ƢӲĿ϶С 
˵СְҲҪ۸ֻǵĹϵҲ˵ܲٸúùӻ˵ɱٰڳ 
裬֪ǳȥɣҪ˯ˡ 
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ڴϣſ塣ܾԼȻûеᡣһŮ˻ܿ޳Ļ˵黹ţᶼûˣģѾˡ 
֪˶á 
ң˯úôˣͶȫĵİڰˣҲԶˡ 
վڴͷܾãûȻ˯˰ȣԳԼʧߡ 
ˡһɺһɴĵĺģһں･ӲӲ 
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ǳܹĸðһֱûкá⼸رۣˡðԼԺźãźԺ
ͬ°Ҫȥ۲ͣˡƱסʹһȥɡһֿ׵Ļ
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ȥҽԺҽ
ҡҡͷˣټ
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˵ûϵͦһͦȥɡ
ǲУճëġɣҽȥҽԺ㴩·¥Ʊ˵͹˵绰
[JP2]ټĵûķӡĵּҲҵӣǳᡣ·ִ˼š[JP]
ŵһɲǣһ˵ĽŲǽŲؿǰҶվڴǰһγ¶һ˿Цֱߵĵ绰
ƱȥҽԺҽ˷Ҫˮĳҩˮҡҡͷǹˮڼ䣬ȴ˲Ŀڷƣһڣ˻ƱĻ
ԭƱҽǶŻˡ󣬿Ʊĵһۣʹ۽ԡظȥôرסɿδҽضԻƱ˵ǼԹʣԺǧע⡣
Ʊڱͷǣǣлл
ƱһˡҽԺִӵ˵ûˣҪúϢ
úɤʹܳԶרŰСࡣһµιԡ
ûܹһͰ棬еίһȫ
ʲôҲ˵ֻǱס˵ޡ
ˣ˵֪𣿴ҽԺιȥһ˲俪ʼҾһӶ뿪㡣
۵׵ĶܸоļСʱ紺ʱڣҰˣµ«έ¶ͦεĽǣһź׵ĸϴݸ
һ˵̳ҪԼһᣬһǷĻᣬˣĻ᲻ǳ
ּѹֵ״̬ܵش̼˰಻סݡֿĶѹ֣ܴ̼
 
 
ƱĹľһִ̼ 
Ȼ˫Ŀؿ׵ЩףҩƬˮݸҩɡ 
ȻִԼô꼸˵һĵðѹȥȻָоʱ򣬷ǳǡӱ쳣ͣʹ˫ˮģպġ 
ſ˵ιҡ 
ʲôƱһ㶡 
ιҡذ˫Ķ䣬˵ιҰͷ 
ƱһĭȻ۾õ˿϶ᡣιЩҩÿһ͹ȥ˹Ȼιˮػ**ţһҩһˮιȥǵ˫Ҳûзֿ 
ƱںŮһ򴥣ĵ߾̳ˣ˴Ů˵Ļ 
ãӵ 
һŮ˵Ƭô󣬷һǽϡƬ·ߵЦݳһ˿ЦֱһĨЦֱһЦÿֲˡæԼ 
žеŮˣӦһȫµŮˡڿ԰ѹȥǸԼˡ 
Ʊſ 
úϢϰġ 
һۣȻһ仰ϣ뿴Ůˡ 
Ұҹ뿴Ůˡ˵ 
һͷת뿪 
  




ڰ£2

2
ǸѾ硰լˡ
һᵽû뵽˼ʱڵһŮһҹδ˵ܰ벻ˣǺصӦܵصĳͷϲϣʵ
ټʱ۳˷ŭ˵ȥˣȥˣ
仰Ѿڻ;дֻĶϢϣˡ
˵ȥҽԺˡ
˭ȥҽԺ
Լ
һۣסԺˣ
ûС
һҹ
Ŀƽؿ֣ʲôϵҹʹ
ĺ򾲣ҲûΣ߳һľģ߳һˣ֮ĽˡѾˣһжˡ
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һ䣬ҹ
޿ɷ棬˵
ˡ
ǲϵģûǸҪ¸ңûǸҪˣҲǸǵĻһߵĲɡҪģԼֻ˻Ʊⳡս
ֶԿסԿ׷
ȻЦ˵Ҫء
ֶ˵ץ֣˫ôչ֡ԿףװȴָȻһһǡڣ˫֣þָָڷҪһһˣ֣Կ׸ȥ
Լհľ˵ָػһ¡
!ԶԶġҲ뿴㣬
ֻһֻ䣬عͷһǽϣǽޱܵĽޱȷ̡
 
 
ѾʵʣһʽҲ˰ɡ 
һֻƿֺ׽ͷ­˹ȥžһˣذϵǷĲʮĴƬУȻм俪ʼ۾ݺݵ˺ȥһƬƬҲ޷ƴӡ 
ֱȿ޻ѿüۡ 
ܻҲ˺ţˤšˤöˤˣ˺Ҳ˺ˡ˶þ˰ȻǾһز˿ȥЩĲǵĽţ˭Ҳûȥ 
ҲˣʼѪ 
Լһֻ죬Ž߳Ǹšܴ꣬꣬ϣ 
ԤϣڱȻ֮С 
һ߳Ǹţȥϸ룬ֻҪ߳ǸţĿһഺصĲഺ 
ڳ⳵ϣ벻Ҫȥ⳵·һ㳡˳һ£꣬ͣˡ 
Ƕˮ㳡ϵȪء 
ܾĵ͹˰ɡ 
ȥһס˵ĽŻ˺۵ĸҪһ¡ 
ӰҳüǰԿס 
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ڰ£3

3
סüġƿӹԢ
ü˵ĻѵԹ
ͷأַϴ˸ˮ裬ȻڴϡֻлƱʺϢûлأֻԼڴϡʲôҲ룬ֻúõ˯һ
ô˯ţ֪˯˶ã˼裬֪ˮˮ׳⣬ûнʳÿһƬˡ
ֱһͻ¼žһ
죬
ƣ˭֣ԺȻֺ͵ᡣ
ţǸŮˡ
˭ʡ
Ů˿ɫް
Լ·Եľӣϵһ۴̡һ˲䣬Ӱ˵顣
ͷԻ
Ů´
ڷգûоԵֻ㱡һֻ˵Ľֻ֧Լ塣
㡣Ů˵Ŀɺޡ
ң
̳Ϲ˿͵ı´ôҲ벻
ҡҡͷʵ벻
ҵ죬û㣬϶ҡŮ˵ܿ죬Ѳôûкģҵ㶼ԸȥȽϱȽϣ
ԽͿˡϸؿǰŮˡԥһӡһǵһ״᲻ǻƱδޣͲ̫ѽ
ϴ˰ɣ
Ůȴᣬƿ߽˷䣬һƨɳϡɫüɫĲɳһֻɰİߵ㹷ſǶ
Ѱߵ㹷һӣټˣ˵Ϲƭȥˣ
ķһ̣Ůһصıݣбü°ɣԼߵùˣ˵¶ǣ
һƲɢĺ˼룬ŮȴӰͳ֤ˤǰ㿴Ѿﶢһˣһֱû¶档ڻˣĶΪÿϴӵǮ;˵
ǽ֤
֤ԼҳһŵĻ߲֡
ǵĽ֤ƬϺҸ΢Цš֤Ů˵֣ʲôˡ
óһȫҸƬŮ˻һкǸӺӵסǵˣһɡһµĴɡ
һˮŮˡӲߣΧģٲҲĹĵģһ͵ˮ衣
üһƵüǰŮȷʵһķϡ
ŮˣҵҸȫˡˡͷϵǰɡ֪ȥˣͷѾˡ
ԤеüҸ̫±ŵӡһ룬ԣֲüʲôУ̫࣬񾭶Ҫˡ
Ů˿޹ˣʼ˵
Ҹ㣬ǲģҲûаְ֡ҲҶӵĺ衣
˵ЩʱľȻرŰߵ㹷һﲻйȥɣŮ˶סôš
ﵹһˮĵȻŭŮ޿̣Ϊʲôڳһ࣬Ϊʲô֣һͥˣƾʲôװģ
ѱеˮñһߵ㹷ˮˡ
ˡҪЪ˹ˡ
᣿
﷢Ƶĳ嵽Ьǰһ˫˵ƤЬóһ˫ֹɵЬ棬һ˫ɫɭƤЬǰٺϻЬ棬Ů˵ЬϣЬϣδĻһССİߵ㡣
ЬӾͳˡŮЪ˹ﱬʱǺܿµģҲǽŮˣûйıС
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ҲʲôҲҪŮˣҵ۾ñʲôҪʲôһôл
ЩͷԷ£뱣ּĬݲĬҲݲͣŮ˿޽˹
һδ֧͵ɳϡܵȥԼֻ۵ĸǣϾͷҰ
ʱһ˫˵ְӲ˿
˵ĲλһǱҲòȥͷҳһţشŴ
ǸˣڽˣаסҲܾȵؿǸˣ֮һңҲǾİˡ
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ϵ¥·䷿ʱȴûгܵһƾͿˡ龰һŮڴܡ˺ҧĶǸҰҪ³Ȥٹۿһ
΢һԼʯ˵һģ
һڴ֣Ҳһģôܣ
˵Ŷǲһİ**˵Ϲ˴ˣҪŮҪ˵ġ
ʯ˵˵ģ
֮ᡣţʰӵģϴˡ
˿ͷ˵ޣˡ
ת˵治Ҫҵˡ
˵ǽü
˵üͲסˣⷿҲ쵽ˡת˵ʲô
ң
ʯ˵üѣ
 
 
ͷ 
ڵվѲ輸ϵĽ֤Ƭ˵λѣĲǰѵ򷭸׳죬ҲҪϹһ 
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ 
һ־ճˡ 
о֧ŲסˣҪΡ 
˿Ůˣխխ˫磬Եó 
Ҳˣ˵Ҳίˣ͵ܹˡ˼ź챾͵Ҫ֡ 
û˵꣬ɳһԣʲôҲ֪ˡ 
ʯˣô 
æǰһ壬̡Ů˷ˣյòᡣƽɳϣᶯʱֿ˵Ѫ߰ߵĽš 
ʯ¹ܴˣҲǣҲǡһ£Ǹһˮιһ۾ˣͳԾʹı顣 
ʯ˵յúϻˡ϶֢ȥҽԺ 
˵ллû¡˯һͺˡ 
ʯѱеˮݸ˵СΣյġߣҴȥҽԺһ¡ 
ҡҡͷãȥ 
ǹ˾ķӣҿɲʲô¶˵ 
ء 
ȥҽԺ˵߰ɣȥ 
ҡҡͷ 
[JP2]ˣ˵ûʲôȥĿôȥˣ군㿴µͣôôûθУ 
[JP] 
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Ҷˡ˵ 
Цˡóֻ˸绰Ȼ˵һ档 
ʱ̻ʵس棬ɫÿһЩˡ 
˵ʱ䲻ˣˡһҪȥҽ 
˼صͷ˵лл 
ߺߵǰοǰĵɫᣣƿһµĿݺݵһڡ 
Ȼע⵽·£Ǹµվһͩ£һֻϳţһֻֻڸ˭ŵ绰̬Ҳһ 
۽ֻʣʯǿʱ뿪˴ڡԼǿùµһˡϱ˵һ仰ŲŲ 
ʯںûٿǼ䷿ƹ⡣ǸŮˣʧˡ 
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ھ£1

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1

ŨϾǴϾɻȥšϾվø緽ۺɩһ
ɩȵǰסĸ첲˵һο㣬񷽼ˡ
۽ӹе˵⻰˵ģǷ
ɩ飬΢˵ڱ˼ҵľС
һҳɩϲ裬Ų΢ССİɫ꣬ʧˮеĻ꣬еãղ￪ţˮҲһŻ࣬ʧȥ˰Ůˡ
һʷЩƬϵ˺¸ָһЩδеݡЩƵĺڰƬϵӰ˵зǿɵĺ棬һѪ
ָһİƬƬĹϡ˺͸׵ǳ
ǰϣüһǸʯߵǰʧȥʱ򣬸һ棬ĵ
ڶ죬ȥҽԺΪַ̫ףסԺسԶ˯񡣽ӵ۵ĵ绰ڳԺǰϡ
Է˵áô˻㡣
˵ûϵ
Է˵ܲáһ͡
һۡ
Է̾˿˵㣬
ûлش
ֻ˵һ仰Է˵ʲôԸ̾˵˼ң֪˼벻ң
˼ң֪˼벻ңĬһ仰ĳӲĵطΧࡣ
һ仰ˡαװĲⲻںνȫĨȥֻʣ´
ڣҲҽԺûܹ˿̵顣һйǸˣҲҽԺȥɣ!
Է˵һ룬
˵ȥ
Է˵лл㣬Ƿ˵Ը
ڴϣҰ׵ǽϻسԼǰϣǹԼļš
۵ҹ£ɫɫġʵҹգīɫġҹҪӭеļҹ޵ǰ죬ǡױӡĸҪŮ˯һ
ϣķ䣬ǿСɵӡ˵ɫϲӦѡġЦЦ˶Ժɫᡣϲɫһصɫһֱоصص
ĸ׸ʰӣûʲôֵǮĶĸ߶ţôĹŮûҪҲûжټױáʱǲøĸģһҪ񣬶ޡּʰ·һС
ο裬ǱҪ飬ҲҪҲҪױҲʡİ
ĸҡҡͷǸ˾ŰپʮſǮúֽš˵ݸѹģֻЩˡ
һЩױƷ֮Ķ˸˳ϲӳӳˡ
ĸһĳ˵˼ҵϱɲڼŮżżҵĹءҪءǼҺּôĲ࣬ŲԣǴ壬ۼСҪܵίġ
˵裬ŮȱŮӲġ
ĸҡҡͷ˵˻飬Ǵˣ˼ҾͲ㵱µЩ
׽Сݣ˵ҪһƵݺǪİ̲ͿɣһƬײһ̸ܽˣЩľګ˰뱲ӣʵڵúܡ
һû˵ѻҲ˵ѻ꣬кµھӶ˵ǱĺӡŻʸףǶŮߣ˵ˣˡְָ㣬˵ġǻ㵱Ůġˣ·һ̶ˡ
֪ҹҪ˵ʲô
 
 
׵һ̣۵ӡǺһڣ˵ڼҶʮ꣬ʵҲ㵽꣬ʮԼԼˡڣɼˣҲԸĸһˡ 
̧ͷһ֡ 
˵Ӳʶ֣Լô飬ۼҵϳǿ 
һֻȡһϴߵСܳʪǶϲϴղضϴһһ㡣оԼĿһһΡ 
װ̵ֲڵĴڰһϴȥˣ¶šװ͵ĸǰ̵䵽ŷϣæȥ˵׸ۼдţǰμҡ˵ǸˣҺȥĸһƬģǲܻ˼ҵġ 
ͳˡǸðЩ㡣 
ӹеţŵһ˵֣¶ȥöˣҲʲôˡҶˣ档 
ЩؿŮҪٽһ̡֦һߵĸ״ţˣȥɣúӳ 
λæȥˡڴϡ 
ţŷϵĵַϾĳطдñȽƽû˵̫Ļֻһ׵ίĸչ˺һ仰סˣǾҪúö顣 
Ǽ·ϴԼСݵĳ䡣 
Ǻ̡ܶҽԺϵĻ̶̵ģôӺʮǰЩŵĸܣѾԺ 
ԼҪȥдŵǸˣǸʱҲϵˡϾȥѰԼΪ֤ǡ 
˶Ρ 
ںڰ۾תأ۾ʼΣһǽǽкö˵ֻʣŮ˼еĿ޺ֵ̿ǵǽɪɪضǽǣһŴϣһŮڲ˫ȷ䣬һ̲̲ѪˮǸŮ˵Ŀƴ⼷ĺӣǺӺɫͷƤŮ˵Ĵкͺֵס۾ǵ۾ʱȴԼųͷĲӱһŮ«έƵָס۾˵Ҫץס½ȴֻţ 
ιιôˣһŴһλѽеǸ«έһϸֲִĲ˻ȥһء 
ôˣˣ 
صͷ 
ľһ˰ֵֽֽӡѵֱеҪЩʲôԷ첹˺Ѵ˿ڡ 
һ˳ԺȥϾ 
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ھ£2

2
ϾһҽԺһ䵥˲ڣԼס
һڲΣˣĬĬעšƽؿվҵؿ
￴˵ĺۼһеˣɫһĺӣżеһֻߵСֻʶСҷ죬գ۾СŷˣС񲻼ˡ
Ѿħĥûһ˿ϣȧͻûб飬ûȥǣٵı飬ֻ۾ŴǰվŵŮӡʮ۵ҪʮĹȫ͸
ѽѽѧѧǱ豳СഺĳŵڷϷķ٣޼ٺϻΪĸﱧŵӤͿܰУʮ˱䡣˽죬ģһֻܹ˵СҪһзҹ¹¶ΪףûиƬҶڵգүʱҲԼ
۾Щˡʹ۾ʮǰǸпӤüۣô㣬еûʲô̫ı仯ԼǸǣʮ̬ܾǿϣŵûʲôԼʮǰϵɢŮˣҪ֮ʣһƵġҲˣĺװѰĸˣԼǷԼ
ر۾۽žӨ黬
һĿʱڵˣڳӰת
꣬ڼұһﺢţҰӣҰӵšʱӦΰֻǣǸʱ򣬶˵˭ʮ꣬ŸС¨һ޼ʵ̲ͿϦƣϼѪʧһƬ̲֮УˮԽԽһŮֵĲҽУǸʱӦǽýݵģǶڰһƬе˵˭ʮʱŴѧ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ֻ͵͵ĲǸʱ˼Ӧ죬Ҫת۴Ҫһ˵˭ڻΧʧ˷򣬼ͥСǳ̲ϵʱ˼Ӧ͸ġֻǣ˺۵ʱ˭
ǰףһһԼ˭ӵ绰ʹһбģһˣ˭
İָеۡϢ۾̫ݣ𶼲ٸ֡ˣֹεıӰ
ڣ˵ˡ
߽һЩ˵øЩ
Լ˵ԼԼ
ʱŶͷʺűһĸ̾ţ̾ŸǸףǸף
ۣؿԼ
˵ͷȻԼĴ˵ĶͷϡǸŮһҲһμĽӴ䣬ʲôŮǸĵء˼ʮֻ꣬һ֮ԵʻʲôŮǸοأ
˾ԶοԶźб۾
סһ˫˵ۣתȥ⣬Ҳˡ
һЭҲŮˡûвμĺ¡˵ֻģҴһ棬ѾҲ͸뿪ˡ
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źϾ̣ϵãҲе㱡
֪ÿʼ뽲常Ѿ˵׵һЩ¶
Щ£˵İġ
ǸһδȢֻԼĺøʱʱͳĽŪԼ
ʮ·ŵձһ֪ࡣһλŮ֪෢˲÷ĹϵͶ˼˵Ǹʱܱҡ游һҲܹ̣ܺͱˡ
ܶԺ󣬸׷Ѿ۷ŴǸŮ䡣˼Ҿסİٰ̽Ѱ䡣
ȥҹ㣬ûм㣬ֻĽ״˵
ҲҲ˵£ȥ̼ңˡ
˵Ĳװʱгͻת۵Ǹطȥһˣûܼ㡣дţҲʯ󺣡ʹˣ仯ˣҲͰѶǣ
ûѶҲˡֱ겡أмһԸǾ͵ȥҿû뵽ۣһӾ͸ǲ鵽ˡ
˵Ҹʮֻ꣬һ֮Ե
˵˵ǴǸŮе֪ʱӡ
ҳʱʲôӣЦʡ
˼˵ǹŮΪġСָ«έܻϸСͷֻѼô󣬴ЬӿԸҡ
 
 
˵ǵģ賣˵ҵǼġ 
˵лл㣬ûмǺ޸סڸȻȥˣһҪסҵˡ 
˵лл硣 
ְȡһ͸Ĵӡ˵һ˵ĸµġ 
ȼˣĸµĶ 
׶ĸ˵ò࣬Ҳ̫˽֮顣˵ŴӴȡһһƵСӡΪֽѾܾˣʱСġ 
һס 
ϼס˷ؿ 
۵ͷֻҷⱾֳļֻкһ룬ںҳд֣Ƽۡ 
Ƽۣŵҳϵ֣һ飬Ƽۣʲô˼ 
ҡҡͷ 
ϸطһ飬ȷʵֻһļס˷ѽô°벿أ 
ҡҡͷ˵˵ҲסĸȥҽԺ뱧ʱѾȥգиСʿһֻϴһֻ 
˵һ棬Լ˵û뵽ˣ˵ˡ 
˵磬Ū׾ͷǶɣԵȻŪġ 
ţ߶⹫ߵġŵˡڼһҳҵһ֣֡˵껹ϾMѧĽءΪ㣬һȥţǸ⹫LѧǸҲûмǡ 
ֵ棬дŶŮƼƾۡ 
һĸأΪʲô뱾׸أ 
ʹǰ뱾׺ʻص˺ǡ 
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ھ£3

3
ȥɨĹѡһ˿աһػƻУݵտɱȻƻݡ
ĹƬŵĹVЩʻ»ʹˣֻʣ¼š
˲Զһ··ߵĲݴ￪һЩСһȺССУһֻӰֻĺѰһֻ
ֹһ䣬۶˵ˣǰǡ
ǣĹĹǰʻأ㡣ǼţĹǷһģûʲô¡ʻŵĹǰaȻ۾ԼǾ仰˼ң֪˼ǲҡµ֣Լ
ѻһһس飬ɫĻƮڴʯĹǰ΢΢ضҵġ
ڻûܹסᣬˮԼˣھЩ֮ڸǰԭԼһΡ
ӵסļôһСᡣ
ɽϣɫ¡׵ʱȸУѰסɽʱ¿˿ļסص·
˵ȥţΪĸ
ǣ磬ҡҡͷȥţҪҵĵһƪС˵ˡһͼ齻׻ᣬȥ棬˳ɢɢġ
ŶǸðһһҪױǩİ
Цˡ
ø˵Цסԣøĸ׿϶ǺġȥţлᣬѰһ¡
ЦЦҲһֻԵԸģǰ벿׾档
 
 
ɫб䡣 
ø˵ˣ߰ɡ 
ϣԣųϸ꣬˼ϸ׷ɡ룬ҲȥҲɪɪδزһͷβ¡˸е˵֮䣬ɢƾ̫ۡ˸ˣˡۿһʵôһֱûˣ 
˵ˣڵ硣 
øû뵽Ӹ˭ˣ 
Ȩְ֣˵и˭Ҷġ 
ŶӻǷһŵĺãһΪҪⱼӸҲ԰ѧϰ㾡ľˣ̫Լ 
ЦЦҲһӵ衣 
۲׽һԹǲеĸף 
˵Сʱ֪ԺΪһޣھô᲻֮ҿ޲ˡǵģʱҲк⡣ŪҵѪʵ˭ѪʲôŮ˸ıҵˣ֮ҲˣԼԹڲѿһ̥ǣҳҲûҵҵϣȴӡҵ֮ϡ˵Ϻ벻ޣһԵɡʮȥһ磬첻ҲǼһ 
  




ʮ£1

ʮ
1
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սǳǳнѡ
ǰѿɼŵҹƺĳгֳλһٿϣǿȻģһ̻ķġ
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ü˵һ˵Ҫиһѡüֳ״ˡǳ⣬ˣܾ֢һ
ߵ죬ڳйġԼĿ֣Щ
ôˣ˵ˣ
ӣҪޡ
һˮüĶ棬
Ҳˮ
ʲô
Ⱦơ
ȸҷʲô飬
ǸŮ˴źˡ
ˣֲֻص׵Ůˡ
ü˵Ѻ˺ȻͷҲصˡ
涪˺ӣеš
ǰ
أ˵
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ӵסŮѣ˵üüɣ·߲ͨ
˵ֶ˺˵ĸЦĸޡ
ͷһ
Ů˵Ҫôܹúã
͡
Ѿ˹˰
͡
 
 
ˡ 
Ǿ 
üͷٺãҲֲһ顣ѵ֮û 
С˵üһֱŮ˶һεΪԼ͵˱˵Ķ˵飬˵ġǣʵϣһŮʸȥѰҰģʸȥһĵġôˣǲɵ͵ǵģǵ飬ǿܵİ顣 
ŮҲ޿̰ 
ǵģ˵ŮˣǱʶоԼʧȥıȵõĸɹ󣬱ģ簮ɡǸʱĲʺͼʾͻ̳һǽȥͻѰǷݴλĵʧúǾͲٹɣƽ⣬ǻŮôһˡüǻŮ˿ɱıʣÿһŮ˶ãûŮһʼһݸ龭ӪǴģвʵв̰ԡ 
ǲֻгȫ˲ܹŹԼǲǰһеԼϣܹѣңҪȡû˵˲ΪҲﲻ㣿㲻㲻ŵı 
ǵġü˵ǲţǲţʧȥҡ**ĥȥ㲻ãǶһǵĻЦȡǵĿʱȡǵĿݱȡǵİĽȡüǿԵеùκˣֻҪ㹻¸ңܸԼΪǸеԼ̫˽ǵˡ±ԼܣһҲҵǸ̫ˡ 
˵˫סԼˮָ们䡣 
üԳЦЦߣȥҹȥȾơ 
ҹ 
һưɣߡüߡ 
ֻһͬǰʹ˸˵Ѱĸ顣 
Ǽҽҹľưɡȫ׵ĻǽѪһд⻭죬üȵࡣѣߡ 
  




ʮ£2


2
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ڿĶЩ־壬ǷˡûԹͷ֮ǰһ㡣
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˵൱ʮ֮ǰһþ⡣ɲдС˵ر졣
յ»㳡ƸϢ绰ԭŸܴġ˵ʲô˵ҹ˵Ҹ̳£̳£ô
ǰ»̳İ칫ΣĹϵһֱ֮ܲͶԵҲһС¡ܵİһСֵΡÿ궼ӵһΣܵİ̳棬һŸѻ˼䡣
ܵİ˾дƪӡйؼƻģйġȴдƪû뵽ȻڱֽϵˡȻܰ˵֡ǳлûµؾǰ˵ĺûڼҲͦӵģԼǰԵÿԵÿҪˡ
ܾԵɣ޾֮·ϵΪһţ϶ͻΪһȴûԥ˵شӦȥ»㳡ˡ
ޱҲϰˣڻױƷ񳤡Աѵһ죬һƫƧλ
СʱʲôĻᣬϲǰһ˫۾ܺضŽʦڵϲһ˫۾ʱԼĽż⡣
쵼ˣﰲ
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ǰŮǿʼһһչЦաкҲΪԾֵһˡޱ˵ܣáǻױƷĹ񳤣ޱҪҪʲôױƷ͸̫̫ĻһõĽ顣ôЦƵҲС
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ޱ˵꣬˵㣬ֵˡ
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תͷʯ˵ܱȽǫѷһλҵءյؿһ
ʯ˵˺ܳһΡһֱû̧ͷ۹ڻϵʻϡ
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ҪƵľ׵׼ؼϢܵĵ绰ʹˡ쵽ܰ칫㡣
˵ԣҲҶʣĻȥİ칫ҡ
ʯڿĴ̨棬пŵƤη֨֨
ţܣҡ
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ŶһĸǲǻҪһģ
 
 
ԣһ˵ȻҪܰѰѹصġ 
ʯеǷļϣԼһ 
ӹһԵؿ 
 
ͶһУɺתףøӵֵʹ 
ԭǷݸһλгķԸ壬г񻳣ͨƪ϶񻵡ҪһֳЦŹ֣שͷС©ѽ 
һܵͷҲˡ 
Բҡš 
˵¶Ĵûøԭʯ˵ 
ҵԭܶһֱ̫ˡ˵ 
ʯ˵Ҳ˭Ĵ鱾˵϶©һһšڹԱ˵Ǻġ 
ͷ˵ܣȥĸӡ 
ʯ˵ҹŪá 
ϣæҹסǸ̾ˣˣҺøˡҪôӡȥǲǳԲ˶ء 
ͷ˵ܵϸ 
˵Žϸھɰܣܡ 
һʯϸķڷ̫ĴʼرڽӵϣʯܶõĽĴм 
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ʮ£3



3
üһڣûи˵ԼѰ׵飬ϣһϣǾۡ
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ֻԼҪθ˵أе㲻˼Ȼ𽭸ΪС˵ԼβҲһأ˵һŴģԼҲɽˡ
û뵽ûй绰ۡǰѴ绰ˡ־ϲʺģ뿪ûС˵ûС˵ãɽĵƬϴˣҸ͹ȥɡ
˵ðе鷳㣬ۡ
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ٷ㣬ΪҪ鷳㡣
ЦЦðɣ̫ˡ
ллˣۡҸطҴֱӹȥ
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˵鵹Ҳ̫ѣֻҪա
еġʱһס
ף
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۵ɴ۾һȻּеطǰ뱾ס˵ģôܣ̫˰ɡ
ôˣۣ
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ԣסˡ
Ȼ˵۵˼ǰռ˵ֻŮŮĺһ㲻ƵģҲֻǾúԵѡû뵽Ե˰š
˵Ǹʲô
 
 
Ŷշ۵ķӦһʱת֪ôشֻðԼõ˵ҲշҲѡ 
˵Ǽ뱾׶öˡ 
һʱƵģѵڤڤ˰һжźˣֻǸƽʱ̵ÿӵ΢΢ 
˵ۿ˵Ϊ벿ףһסĵӾ硣ϺܣϣһЩңҵͬļףһֱûϡû뵽죬ˡ罭˵ǻԵ 
ǸϾ 
ǵġ 
Ŷϵ 
ܡ 
ڻһ䣬Ǽһʧɢ 
ҡҡͷûС 
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ô֪ô˵ˣһһɡ 
̾Ϣ˵ɡúһģ֪ʲôڱұأͻˡ 
죬ȫǺһ鶼֮ڶ֮С 
ǰ뱾ף뱾׵ָЩʲôأпܣͬͬգôƼпĸļңôҪô죿ۺһֹϵأǴңԶĽǨǲΪĨȥʲôӰأĳֻ᲻ûû׼ʹأ 
ԥˡȴһֽӵʼӡ 
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ʲôеԺ
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ú˼ǣסһ㶼ǴвŮⲿϷȴü׵ߴŮ˵£Ǻܶء
˵Ծ籾һֱ̫⣬Ҫ籾ֻȥûȤԣ
ңʲô
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ǺǣҴûдӾ簡
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۴߽ңûˡһˮŮܾƼȥˡ
˶˵˼ʱ£Ⱥȿڲһᰡ
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뿪˾ңǽһ֡ŴƬһʮŮ毺ãͷ󣬱ֱͦﻹ͸һǿŮ˵İȥһ̫׽ŮˡԼȽһ£ƺް֮úۻеơ 
֮ʣ۽ˡ 
Ƭϵ˾裬۴һƬ 
Ƽ 
ţ㲻ǿǸƼƾۡ 
װʵף 
̾˵ҸĸʱϳһˡǸ⹫賤ģرҡ 
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룬ԭƼۡ˼ֻֻС£ô۵ĸӦòĸףô۵ͺпԼĸˡ뵽Ŀʼš 
۶˵ŴӱĿƼˣҲȥɡ 
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2
Ƽһɽϡ
ָһӶ˵ǾƼã˵һٶʷˡ
߽ãֹլϢլΪúƫõͷŴͳıаʻҶԹűаѹլ֮լȫľʯǽʯͷ̵ĵذ壬ǰĹΰЩ޴ʯǡôǺһ𣬷϶ƬԲýȥκƽ٣һ
սʱǽϹһ˵Ļ˵￪ҵı棬峯ʲô١һŰİѺΣΧżˡһλŮʿ
źɫ£ɵϣ·ıһͼڽǽݵתͷ
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ðǰ뱾׸ʧˣһֱûҵδļף趪°벿ǼҺܸл顣 
ô鲻еΪС˵ƼҲ˵˲ûж̽ĸоǰ벿ô۵趪ʧأֻС° 
һôҲⲻܡƼûжУŪء 
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ûСǼûжһӡ 
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˵ûдӾ硣 
֪˭еһεƼ˵кܶ˶Ļ磬ԼѧءѽͰҵ˼дµ˹۵һιˡ 
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ЦЦʵ˵ǹ֡ɣ 
е˵ʵҲѧӰȦߵһ·ڵӾҵ̫ܲ˽⣬ʢִҾøĬĬְдṩһЩԵĻᣬʲô¡˵׼ĲϷͺˡ 
ûб̬ 
۹ˣͬԸ 
ҡ 
Ƽ˵㲻̫ǣֻҪѹдͿˣͳڱ귽ģԿġ 
˵ɡ 
Ƽ˵УĥĥǴӾͽɽȥˣʱȥ͸˵ 
õġ 
ҼˣԼǹ򣬺뿪ĳǣ֣ΪϤĿȥ̽һ¡ 
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3
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һ̵ʹҸԼŮʹһЩҸһأ˼ʮã
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ǰҹǹö·㡣Ȼ䣬һǻҹաĶȴ˵
⼸죬üࡣһԷʱȥȥд籾¡ûѰ׺ͼ׵¡֪üӣ϶Ψ²ңҪŪˮʯɣȴûô뷨ˡ
˵¶ѿӵ촽ϣ˵ǹ˾ҪһСסĵӾ磬籾ûдãҼǵĴŶӡ
ڿˣü˵Ҫ֪д籾дС˵Ҫ׬Ǯġ
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ƼλԴһĹͷʲô΢΢˵ͷ˵һ䣬ɡ
һߡ
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ǸͷǺڲ˵βﺬŶࡣ˵ҺǶĽ飬ĺæǼæҵңĨҲĨˣҲƲҶ֪дС˵һ£ʱڵı뼯崴üǻȥһƷҿԺϣҲԲҲ˵еľ籾ģҪȥ 
Ƽ΢΢ͷ 
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ƼԵ⼸Ӷвд籾ĻдС˵ģҶġҸ׼һõطû˵ԵסĶֳɵģǿסʮ£úõĹͨһ£˵أ 
˵ҿûôʱ䣬ǵǿԡȥ죬ϸͷúдˡ 
ҲУЩ㶨ˡƼ˵ 
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Ƽ˵Ƕˡۣ׼׼ȥɽ 
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ɽʲôط˵ϴδͽȥǵط 
  




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1
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ʯԺĵ۾ԼҲԼͦЦʲôš 
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[JP2]ʮ֮ǰҪؼˡҹ֮ǰȫˣ֪һݽ㲻㻹Ƿغһҹʹ飿[JP]
׼ĪĻҹʱ绰ȻˡΪǼĵ绰˾˵һ͵ҡ
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1
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˵ҲӦó嶯
ؿ˵ôʱԽԽᶨŮˣˮһŮˣҪһŮˡ
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˵Ļůġжˣںܶҹָֻܹ׵սָףһһĥȥ˵ᣬֱҪĸоڹ˾ԼǲĴ̱ϳŵһ޵Ĳ˻ǼûпȥעҲûд
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ڣǰһŵˮɡȥ
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Ϊǡȴ족Ρ³̹Լ
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еĲˡְΧǸ豭ȡЩůӵűõ壬һһ˵ʵҵǰͬԭǣҺһ˷һҳ飬޷ּ˵ıͱѡ

Եİ
ʯɫܲÿ
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ˣЩԼ̹סȥĻǰԽԽһһ췢ԼеŮˣˮɻһ߽Ůˣ롣ܱȥӴһݸ顣˵Ʊˣû˵ڶûбҪ˵ 
[JP2]ܣ㣬һֵѡ˵Ϊ㲻ҪȴˣҲܻƽڣѾˣûؼˡ[JP] 
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賿ʱ֣ԺҪ˯ʱĵ绰˹ 
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ܾˡ 
ϣҿһۣȻˡûйһƬ˼ڿˡ֪޷ٴʹҪһ졣ڣҪ͸㣬ţ㡣 
ˮɣǰ꾭һҹ˼붷ˣһ˿ϸ˿·ңԶдҧһ촽ʹ 
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2
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Ҹ籩Ů׳ںʲôطԾˡķԼݳ⣬һߡ
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Ʊеįվʯ̽ı顣
һ죬ûпʯа˿Ӧòỳʲôģ޷ƱǡǸˡ
ʱô֣ԽԽ㲻
õǹ˾λ٪徭ϰ̳ˣһ졣
˵ڶġɽˡɵúúõģôˣǰһΣǵܲ߻ǳ㣬Ĳ߻ˮƽ̫ˡ
ǫ˵ϰˡԵŮ˵ıܵĺ棬һ䣬ɽˡƸ
ϰ˵Ķ˵ϰЦڿ̸ʱһΪϰأ
أ˵ֻǺͨѡ
ûע⣬ʯá·İ칫ҡʱŻ档
һֱ°࣬ʯûѯסòװ°ˣûгһӣ׼ӻؼҡ
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һۣͿŽݡ
ҳһ㶫ֻص֪ʯҪ׷Ҫô͡
ʱ䲻磬ԺҪ˯ŵʱȻʯҺ󻹼źͱ˵ִ
һӾˣһӼ˭棿
æȥţʯһŭغһʶ˵˵㻹Ʊ磡ҹ˼ſڸʲô
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Ҳȥ 
ȥҲȥҵöİȫ 
Ȧˡ 
ûȨҪң 
ǰ㣡о 
㱭衣ٺúÿһ¡˵ 
ǸˣϵǸ˰ɣɽӰ¥ϰ塣ʯȿڲ裬 
㣿ң 
ûǸֻ̳һϵԱʶˡ 
Ĭ 
ʯ˵̳ĹǴ˰ɡ 
Ϊʲô 
ְһΪǵİ飬һΪ롣㱾Ҳϲ̳һ£α˷Լʱأ 
һһ˵ҵ룬Լȥ׷ 
Цеһѽ뻳һ˵ãԼȥ׷Ҹ㣬ҲŮ˾е֪е¶ȥˣҲǸ˻ϵĽҧĶ䣬ҵģҵģҰ㣡ܲˣ 
Ů˺ǣ˽һԵ´ĻͰ߳׷顣Ϊ˰ʲôԵأοǻݹ 
գ뿪»㳡дһǳʣǩ־ˡЭĿͷҲͳ˼Эİ޷ܾ 
  




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ӿԼܹʯ˵ҲҪһӣһҪһңʱ䡣
ȥҷݹʱ䣬û뷨˵ʯһ̨µıʼǱԣ˵ΪǨ
˵üĵԻá
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ɵϣ˲ҪͶʵģЦҰˡ
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ðɣøѻ㡣
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ʫ۶ģܡЦҲȻˡ̨˰ϣĵϣҪдʫ
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ĳдʫдʫڿдʫдʫȻôЩڿȥˡͿ˳µٸµġ
 
 
Ǹʱڳķ䡣һе԰CDСܻǸN飬ʯ˵úõдɣдһʫҾͰ棬ӢĶաԺˣǸͷ 
˵Ǻǣ١дһ˿ġҪдòó飬ȥҿǶˡôŸ 
˵ǵĺѽеףȻȥ 
˵Ҫһˡ 
ỵĻھҪҸˣأ 
͸ЦģǸʱҸúˡ 
ŸļʯԽԽࡣǣһĲؿܣһ߷ɶ˻롣Լ˵ԼʱʯˮҪãԡѻȴʱְٰĥʯ󶼸㲻ԼʲôŮˣΪʲôκ˶ܿݣȴһ˰Լ˰ٰ㲻⣬Ȼһ̰ĲŮˣԼ 
  




ʮ£2


2
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ǸʱͻʣҲˣƻǵҸˣ
ǡǵġһͥһȰڵĴ˺Ůڴǰſ羰Ƕ硣ΪȴѾˣû㣬ⲻĴֻǡһףڴ֮ˡ
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ʯ˵ȻǴˡǵҷһ˲䣬ҾζԴҷ㣬Ǵڡصûз֮ǰ
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˵ǲźɽˣûǸġ
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ʯһ㿴˵ʵһʼҲûôԶôȥ֮顣ҶİһУһһнġ֪ΪɣһУΪ˱˿ԼʱҷһûбԼŮˡһ֧㣬һίͿѶһĸ׵Ļһ׵ֱﻯҲһ㡣ģǰ㽻˭ģԣֻԼҲܰġܲףǾһһְ
ǣȽ϶ԣҵӦСڶļͥǡ
һġ㸺ǶԼͥ𣬶ԼͥͲֻѡһûȫķ
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ʯÿι۵ظͷ˵ǲдˡ̫Խˡ 
ҲҪˣݡ 
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Ҳܲд֣ܹ㣬һġ 
ʯ˵Ҵûиҵĸĸ 
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ĸһֱԲѵҽԺҸʧȥĸ׵ĺӣʹ޲ѡ߶ŵΪʲôһߵôҪĸ׵֣Ͳᷢˡ 
ĻҲҪʧȥĺ 
˵ŵǣҸױ˰֢ǳ⣬һ㶼ֹֻۣ£͹ˡĸףȻ漣ˣǺĵһ仰ʣǸ޵ĸȥˣǱ޻ġ 
ⶫ֣еôǿеϽһˡ˵ĸ׿϶һԵŮˡ 
лҴȥĸס˵һֱϣĸǲԸ뿪͸׵ļҡ 
ģЩжһԸһŮȥԼĸףǿϵġ 
šĸ״绰˵岻̫ãҪȥ 
ĵ˵ǣǣҪǿʲôô죿 
Ǻǣǿ˵׼һܴˣϲģϲģһҲϲ 
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3
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ĸסĻԭϷӣʰúܸɾʯ˵ĸ׺Ժɵܵһչˡ
ʯԼ˽˵Ǽߣдƪɳ㼣
ܵܿʯˣûһˡʯǺúõ漸졣ĸš
˼ҴͷŰһ顣һɫķ£һţп㣬糤ֻͿһں죬һηҺȥ浾
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ʯͷҲݰݷ 
ʯؽӹĸײΰݡ 
Ҳһ㣬ŹȥĬĬţ֪Ҵˣָôȥء 
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˵еˣȥʳիԵ㶫ɡ 
ʯæǰĸԱߵʳիȥ˵իãԵĶɲеʳģһζһ÷˿⣬ʱ˵ⶹɷû 
ԵһĻ˵ѽٵĶһչ黹Ǽٵġ 
裬е㲻ζԼܶ˰ɡ 
˵һģܶĿѡеһ飬һ㡣зۡЩˣһŵһȴΪģӡ 
ԲȥˡʯЦЦ˵֪㲻ϲأûɳء 
˵Ů۵ľԸĺӡģһӣɻĸǶǺģԼɼңԼҵĸģûиʲôֻǼҼҶƽƽӡ 
裬˵ˣԷɡʯĲˡ 
ǰһĸӡҲĸ׵ģȻ֪ĸ׶ԺһػġеĲ֮ˡýҶ߲͵ǰˡ 
ñһᡣ 
еһжһԸһԸԵκʹġ 
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˶Σμ˲ϣǰȥ̽˶˵ˣȻһָָֻƴ˵һ䣬㺦ġ 
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ʱ䣬ҰѺӰźáѾ־˺üˣ㣬ҲٻصԭƽȥˡԭĻ֪ҸˡҲѡͷʼȻδδ֪ģǱ޸һشĻ˸бͷ
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Ϊɣ˵ٸһʱ䡣
˵ڿŲŵ⡣˵ʵԼء
 
 
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ǵģԼǲ԰ˡ 
ʯ 
˵˵ֻǿʼҪ׼ 
ҲȥǸҵ˴ 
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һ᣿ 
㻹ҪȥҸͲ㻹Ҫȥģʵ˵Ҹ㣬ҪϢˣҲߣĲԼ۱˵ͬʱҲΪһòãѹ£ѾҪϢˣ㶮 
ʯóһ 
ҡҡͷˣˣĲ㳳ܣȻҶһôҾߣߡ 
˵꣬ԼİͷҲûصˡ 
һñγ͵Ĳݣڴϣγ֪ʱ΢һ۵ŮˣӦðԼĻúõźһǣİ侮ʯ 
̫ˣⳡսĿʼߣսʤҲЦҪԼҪǣҪôأ 
û뵽ǣʯ뿪󣬺ü춼ûϢ 
ҲûǷֵĻȻЩִٵҲǺúϺɢһְɡ˿䣬һ˿һжһΣĪ˵ı 
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2
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ӦˡȥĳϣؿųĳһЩľͻ䡣ߣһ·ϵĵ߸ˣ߸ֱָգյİƣаµС
Ϧб̵Ļƻ裬뵱̸ʱ̼棬ǻվںߵĽʯӵ˿ʯϽ˻û궼֪䴦
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ļź˯ȥźӾɢظ绰
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¥˼ɫıĺһĽţж̿㣬֪ܲѰ֡
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ں߿һؼ亣ĳϫǶô֮ҪС뿪Ⱥϸ׵ɳ̲Զȥ
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һתͷߵĽͣĿͧǧ˰̬ȺȫԶȥֱʧûô˵˻˵Ľס۾ƾַ۵糸ٶȴؼɵķһԭʼļԽ
ʮңͧǶѾͣźüͧˡ
ѣĿɫ˵ۣЩѣҲ÷µˮվסΰĸ첲ˮϰ
ȷʵûпһĺ񣬲żҲӹֻŸײݳúïܣ«έҲܴ׳ҿʼӿʼ
һ磬ǵջ񻹲Сΰ㡣Ŵ㣬ŹƬ磬ǳһ㶫ΰ˵ٵһͿոˡ˵Ϣᣬ԰ɡ
µˮ۾һضƯƯϲԣʱ䳤ˣЩΡΰ˵ôˣȥϢһɣ
ͷ˵ȥǵ˶١⼸ѵķȥ
ˮ˴࣬Ǽ¿Ҳ̫죬ǵģǿһ˾ȥ˼ҵ˶١֪˺Զ
Ȼһ˵һԾӺϲˡҲϲǰȥ֡û뵽ܵǸ˸ǰһ˶סˡΪԼۻˣٿûʯ
ԩ۶ͬʱʶԷô
мӵĻ㱣ˡаû㣬ԼȴɵƵԹ԰ʹҪ̫Цˡ
ʯҲòȥϰԲİʧһˡΪû뵽ȼء
ʯŵ¨ݸš
ûתҪߡ
ȥûڹ𣿸øһȥ˰ɣ
˵ҲǸһģΪʲôҪһȥ
˭һģ
ûлشʱΰںԶĵطܹι׼ոˣ߰
ʯԶԶܹˣʵ˭»
Ƶ۹⿴̫ܵ˵ɣ˵ߡ
 
 
վסʯơ 
ûƵġ 
ǰһסȥ 
еʲô֡ѾӰ 
ʯ˵ô죬ҵˣһ𣿰 
ʲôҵˣȫˡ 
Ҳܣøһؼҡ 
ҰҴؼ 
ԺòãôˡʲôǺú̸̸ӱʲôأ⻹ûн 
ʲôΰܹһƿʯ˭ʲô 
һȥʯ˵֮¶ 
֮䣿ʲôϵΰ 
˵ûйϵϴˡ 
ʯܻؿ˵һ飬˵һ顣 
ΰָ˵˵㣬Ů˵ 
ʯؿǵٲ졣ǰҪ 
ΰ˵ãҲˡŲԶ˼ơļһ˹ 
˵žͳʯΧ˹еʯǣǵʱ޲ɽѣͲöˡʯָ֣зƵģ˿ɡˣΰ˵ˣв 
֪Ȥΰļֵܣ߰ɣˡ 
ΰҰģһӦð㰲ȫشȥ߻Ǹǻȥ 
ʯһۣ̫Թ̾˵лл㣬ΰҺһȥɡ 
ΰͷȻͺһ뿪ǡĦͧͷһʧںľͷãã󺣼䣬·ֻһµֻҲԶԶأôС 
һƨʯͷϣʯҲߣǣ֡᲻صҪأסҸʲôأ 
ʯҲأǰʧǲǣҾûӰˣ 
ŵѾû˵ٲߣ͸һˡ 
ʯ˵Ǹ˭ 
Ҳܵ¡ 
û֮ǰҾҪܡ 
Ѿˡ˵ 
Ҳ֪˭˵ģ 
вվСߡ¨͵ͽں档Ҫú̸һ̸ 
ҲˣҲ֪ߣԾ˵ɡ 
:()




ʮ£3


3
ԭʯ츺ߺ󣬻ص˼ͥս֮СӲֲԲ
Ϊѣ³ʲô顣ʱҲģܼн⡣
һ·ͷȼͷ˳ˣ㡣ֹϵһ˺εģǾʧѣʱʧ
ͣʱʱѾȥݿա
ֵȣңûϢڵѧУſڵţܲȥͺӡ
ʱˡ
Ǻӳ״
ԭʮŮǰȡߵߣŮʹ顣ʮŮһԽܹ׸ĸ֮䷢ʲô顣ϴۻһӱó졣ѧȥĸףҲŸжְ֡
Ҳѧ裬ôԷһֻǳԺٵĶѧУҲԡʯԼţǼ߲˺ӡֱһ죬֪ڿεˡǷŷ⺢ӳˡ
սݵŮҲսˣʲô˵ˣȥҽԺʲôӪʲôǺӾǲԣһ쵽ֻܴΣιӪۡɰʯŻˡ
ںüҽԺҲûʲôֻȱӪҽȴǵظǣʳ֢һγȱӪ֢൱鷳ˡ취úӳԷһҪȥ
ʯ»ˣϴ棬һӲࡣŮ൱Ŀ־塣ɷҪȥŮƾڳǻСϵۻ顣ʯȻĹǣ˻ȫľҲȫϣ
ʯûбҽĻŵźӲµġ
ʯƵеӦ꣬ճ񶼽˸ܣкܶ๤ڼҡָӡ
ʯװѸֲɫζȫŮڴϣһһ׵ιţӳ˾£Ȼᡣ
ʯСʱһŮҪһһ׵سԡ
֪տһߵ裬ٿһ۶ĸףҡҡͷ֣ҳԲ¡
 
 
ʯ˵֪գǿЩ 
Ӷؿְ֣ǰҵģ 
ʯ˵ȻǰְֵСģְֲѵСġ 
ְ֣СʱǵĴϣ𴲳ԷڴιҳԣڻܵĴϣҳ 
һܲˣ߳䡣 
ʯҵ˲ӵĲԭķʽԸ׵Ŀ顣ΰɽĸ׺ɽϵʯɽûˣҲǣһĺǡѪԵΪһ壬ĸѣһεʹʮ֪Ѿʹĸоˡ 
Ȼÿ֪նҪĸڴϿԹԵµĺӡҪְָůţҪͷ 
ʯϢֻصŴϡ 
֪Ҳؿʼʳҽ˵һӲ̫ܳ࣬Ҫһնͣúõ 
ŮԺ㣬ͳ㣬Ҳɢɢģһ̫̫ˡû뵽 
˰ԵδҲ㲻ˣҲӲ 
  




ʮ£1


1
һƬβͲݴУժһѹβͲݰŪšʯĽصúĺ¡
ЩˡŮˣ
ٳһЩҵκˣҲܹװְֵˡ
ھġҲԼ˺ԼҪȫȫİ
ǰӾǺӡ֪˵˶೤ʱ䣬ʯˣŴֿŲ˵֪첻ôĵġ
еϦûп̾вˣ̨Ԥˡ
Ǹղ̫֮УûҲûһͧããһƬȻǶڴײݴû˿Ǳںˡ
̨˵͵ХϮڲϵֲïʢĴײѹͰĺӢݡ¶ĽʯϣƤ̦޺ɨҶƬ
꣬պڵһĶӡ
գ󺣵ɫҲѾԡԶϵҲʧˡŭ𲻾񶼽еޡ
ǸĵﱤǱѵȥ
ǱѡӵǸĵﱤȥ
Բ״ĵﱤиڣǽȻͿѻһ顣ϿʯͷԭɫӶ¶ɫɫɫɫǳһɽһЩƮƮֲ֦֮
ʯ֦նݵض˽ȥﱤԼƽף˳ʪġڱ죬Ĺߺ
ŵʯ֣ߣһ̤˸գһععʯͷϥǣĵۡ
û°ɣеʵ
ҧһ˵á
ʯǽڱϵһѿ֦Ҳϡ
ô죿Ҫ⵺еԼڲԲԵʡ
ֻһźŶûˡ
̨ͣĻֻܵˡֻڶˡ
˵ǻĵ
ʯסԸͬѨ
˻ͬѨ
ʯ˵ҪЩֻҪشңԸⲻԸ⣿
صͷ
һ̣మһδⲻҸֻԺôе
ıӷˣʯˣܻţһҪúûţչһŮ
˵ҪһҪһ
 
 
ҹʯеʯ˺Ƭԡĵҡͷ 
˵͵ձƬɡ 
ǳԲ¡ 
ʯ˵ôС֪һҪιѽ 
˵̫˰޷ 
ʯҧһ⣬˵ι㡣ͰƬʲôֲҶȥ 
ĵõˡ 
ȥˮȡ֧İߣһֱܵʹࡣ 
ڵϣǱһҽɺš洬Ȼ˺塣 
ǱʯϴģʱûۣϴΪҪˡ 
̼ʱֱүɰŻˡ͵ҽԺˮԺʱʯӵ 
·ߵĳϣһַСŮ˹ӿڴͳһöӲҶŮȾܣǲøлģֻȡ 
Լݸ飬ʹ˼ʹԼٸһЩȡһϵһҹǰġ 
֪Ҫá 
֪Ҫʧȥ١ 
֪Ҫʲô 
ܵõӵеģҪġ 
()




ʮ£2


2
¼ֻصǰֻʯٸһ㡣Ů˺ºٳʲô¶ҲʯںӸǰϷ˶΢һ˴һϢĿռ䡣
ͥ顣
ᣬȴ˲࣬һˡ˵Լһӳɳʱ䣬˵Լһ˵ԸǰûãʵıʾͲܰڣһ̶ܽǵ췭ظ
Ҫִּͥˡڣ˲˹ͬҪġرǲһ˲ܹȫȫذ̬һֱһŻֽţֻһ񣬾Ϳ԰һ˻ˣֻջ١
һС¾һССĻ֣ŰŻֽȼˣʲôзɻҰոʱˡ
¾ա
ǰϦʯ˵Ҫȥ㣬Ϊ
Ǽ£˵㵨󣬻Ҫȥ
ʯ˵ǣȥ㳡ء
ŷģ˼Ϳʼ׼ղȡǲϲԷĿŵغԷڼ˿ɵһ
ʯרΪȥ㡣ĵطҸöݡ
ʯһϸµˣ㶼ɱãʵƬװɴ͹
죬͡һˮƬӣűװӡ
ʯյõ廨ա
ÿһӶۣܰдһ׵ʫӡžһȷʵһ֣ǰٷְɢĸо죬ѪеǱƣһʫ
ơ
ʲô
ʲôⱭ
һζ

ºһⱭеľ
ֻֻʢƵı
Ҫ̫֤
ֻ
˱

Ɑ
Ǿ
ԸǱ
ʯʫ飬ӵٸһʱ䣬ʲôҪֻܸһʱ䡣
˵װģʲôȲʱ
ݣ
һ̾Ϣ
ͷסĴϴϻδʾϵĺλȵأϻʪʪʱϵ۸ǿЦ
ʯĵ绰ˡ
һֲԤС
ȻӴġ
ʯм䣬ʲô̵¶
绰һ˵Ůֻ˵ʲô
ʯ绰ܱǸ˵ҵȥһҽԺ
ܲˣôˣ
һ̿סˡ
˵һ̣ҲҪʱ뿪
ʯ˵ҽ˵ҪǩֲŸȡҵñ֤˵İȫ㡣
 
 
仰ĤҪ˵Ҳļˡ 
ʯ˵ȥ 
˵ã㲻ٻ 
ʯûж˵ֺõЦЦ⣬ϴ뿪 
ԼǸ̾ͺˡ־ԼӦȥ룬ʯûд˭ҲûдֻǸ̡ 
ҳʣľѱеľһȸɡʼǱлĴԡǴ飬ֲŮˡŮһϣѭ 
뵽㣬רŸԼȥˡػǸƺõģһʽݡ벻ףһ̵ѪдЩʫҪöࡣ 
̣̣̣̣Ǹ̺ʯӺγӲĲࡣ 
ʫĸֽһһŵ˺飬ƬУһеֱʯڵЦֻͷðСĽŵ顣 
벻ȥˣѸٵش· 
ŵ绰ֻƬ˵絥ҽԺȥ 
ҽԺȴû¥ˡʯĳӣ֪ΪʲôûҵܾɥĦгϣ᲻ص룬ˡôأ˵ˣҪ֤˵İȫûκȨȥ룬ֻ߿ 
˭룬һ̣Ҫġ 
ʯúһ߳ҽԺӸǰȥߵúʯȻûвǸŮˣҲ㻤š 
ǵһοʯӣȥ񾲶šഺԶŮԶһӽϳëС 
һ̣ԺʯĸĹ¡ 
Ȼ뿴һʷǲǿݣһ˵УŮ˵أ 
Ĵһ˲ʧأŮȥ 
СġʯߵŮһƣ˴һĴȥ̥ƤڵϷҧгݵĦ 
ݺݵɲס˳ 
ôģʯܻ 
عͷʱ۲֪룬ʹһ仰Ҳ˵ 
һ־һۣȻɳȥ 
żӵ󣬳ɱ 
ˮѾģ˫ۡڿҪһĻһΣյʱιذԼŮˡأһЦĽɫˡƾŸոڻӷʹʧȥơĳԽԽ죬Ӷ̫࣬ˣԼﶼˣӵ۾ͷĲֻԼ̵ֶϢ 
ûбҪѳӿô죬ǿô졣 
һת䴦һγصӸյĵ絥ͷһײȥ 
()




ʮ£3


3
ʯлعѲ֪ȥʯûôԼͱ˵ЦոˣҪ˭ʲô¶Ҫ°뱲ô
ӹôûУϸȡ̻ܴ˵
û£˵е£Լ򳵻ȥɡ
Ůû˵ڸղŵһĻУеɷǷ飬˵˶Ҫڽͷſó
һ׵ŮˣʱԼڲƣʺ֪ʱѾûˣ˵ĺˣҪֻǲ˵Ϣ
ʯȥ׷ǰ˳ΧһˡûһӵĻȥҪúõظϴϴӣΡ̫ˡֻȥһвò飬˼ˣ̫ˡ̬ҪãҪ˺ġ鲻ܰƵҪõġ
ţûų˽ȥ
ȻûˡϵıӻɢţϢڣˣȴûˡ
һһ£ûС
绰û˽ӡ
ٴ绰û˽ӡûлȥĶˣʼȴ˺üҪ˵Ҫģһ˿һЦ
ʮӹȥˣûϢʮӹȥˣСʱȥˣûϢ
ʯ룬Ѳָʧһˣ
ߣס
ǵ绰һֱû˽ӡ
Ҳ֪Լ̫ˣһֱɡǲô̸һ̸һ룬ˣ̣ص
˼һǼС㣬ЩСҰ㳤úܷʡ
ȥ㻻ˮϴ˵ˮߣСһ˳ˮûˡˮС㣬ƿһ˵ϣʯûȥȻһɡ
ʯﹾţ㲻ɡɣһǱɣһȥˮɣбɡ
ʯٴһ绰ǲӵĻˡ
绰˽ˡ
ʯסŭһ䣬Ķأ
һ˵Բ𡭡
ŭˣ˭
ҡ֧֧ᡣ
ĵ˭أأʯû뵽һ˽ĵ绰Ǹʲôʾķʽһжڰ
Բȡ
ʯյ绰ֿʼôҽԺˣ
СεŤţȻԼղŲӦȥǿɵС㡣
ʯϵҽԺʱѾˣһſڡԱһһ벻Ĵߡ
ûʲôˣ˯ˣ°ű
ʯһЩסġĸӦ֪ˣ۾һɲǣ᲻
ʯǸۺǣںֻǻûԼķʽһЩ飬⣬ˣӶԣԼѽôʹ죬ѵϵͷǣ
˾һǸͻ̿֡
ʯ˵ô
ҽ˵ûвˡ
 
 
ʯֻһ绰̾кüҽԺѯʯŵشһСϵ۲ãõˡˣϾ˼ӻĲˡ 
ҽİ칫ҡҽXƬ˵ǷԹۣŪ·Ҫ⡣ 
ʯ˸̣ҽһ̸ְۣˡ 
ʯɫ԰׵Ůˣ˵ΣҲǣ̾ҲǣҲã 
ʯͷ˵Բ 
ûп 
۰ͷûչ˺㡣 
ɫ԰ףҡҡͷ˵Ҳļˡˡ 
ʯ˵ҲãҴˡԭҡ 
˵ûдҵġԼûϢһȥƴϵۿˣͳЦҡײǵһĻϵۿˣͳͷˡǼһαԼŮˡܼµﻻҺİҲڡ 
ô˵õҵġ 
߰ɣҲٿ㡣תͷһħ䣬˭˭ͻܾʹ࣬ǽˡ 
ʯҲ˵˵ʲôͽ͵ġҽ˵пܳΪӡȳӡģǾȫܹվúõԺ· 
ƶס֡ 
Ķ˵ǵҸ㽲ҸĸĹ𣿵ŮĶܲ⣬ҵĸףһôǰ㡣ڣˣһ־ʹ 
֪㱻ײһ̣˸סʧȥĸףµóëεһְҸ㣬ҲУҲʧȥ㣬Ĳܡ 
ͷʪһƬһƬ 
ս֣˵ңһúõվȥκһȥط 
֣˷ŵߣ˵ʱҲסҵġ 
Ҳװ˼ǿ 
()




ڶʮ£1


1
һˣ¡տʼֱֻŵģȻͷ᳤λȳӡʿҪ󾭳طȻ촯ҽԺҲκã
ʵƨѾʼˮˣˮĸоۡһ㶼ƨµСͷ͸ʱҲܳ¹ͷˡ
ĸ׾ĵչָõ
ʯûбӣĸ˵裬ɡĸױ㲻ٶʡ
һºؼҾˡ
ʯۡ
ĸҲȰڳţã
ֵزִ֡˵ʲôʲô
ʯ˸ֽӹǵƫҵһֽӹǸҩࡣɫĸ״ĨɴϵģʱǸɵģʱڻϿѾʮؿҩʱʯԸҩϡֽӹǸҩеôһһоҽԺʱҽȵ˵ָúܺãԺ²ٸˡ
ϣʯҲúܵԵĺȵõģûִ꣬СļѽѽĺʡѽֻҪܲƵģÿ춼Ż
һУյȫաҪĵζһǮȥӦꡣ
ֻǾˡĩʱѵӹŮ꼶ˣڴϣࡣ
ʯÿǸĦ۾ͷÿһλʯֳεϧܵȻı顣
һ죬ʯϲ
ڳϴˮ
Ȼһ˫ƹرסʯеɢһء
۾ʪˡѪûа׷ѣܹߵˡ
ת
۾۾˱˴еԼ
˵·ˣҲһӣлл㡣
ҲκȱݣЩźһһȥֲ
û˵
תͷ⣬һøߴѾһصĲܳԵθĽ
Ĺڳλˡȴûа취Ȭط˼Լ֡һŲֵһ䣬һγ嶯ĳͷԺӵνһʹȻҿ֮ԣûд̫Ļ෴һʹسʱǴ޻סǷݶƸһ밲ȫ룬һδĶģƮɵһ壬Ǹǵʱˡ
ҲʼдĽӱʯʱҪңдƪ
˵Ҳ㣬ġ
˵İɣءʲôһ㡣
ֻôӦãҪҾ͸Ϣ
ʱ̶Ҫǡ˵Ҳ˵
ĥѸѵõĿ飬ءءʲôɲȥȰأ
ĸÿÿ˵Ļ˵ľһͻõ졣
˵裬ҪˡʱУʱĪǿ˵ЩһУС
 
 
˵صͷӣܿˡҪĸ 
˵裬עҵ裬㿴ҵڻҪġ 
ò̫**̡˵ӣ쵻棬͸ǻۡ 
ͷһȣġ 
ӣһùŮϵۿõ 
סĸס 
˵ӣ֪ίǸˣ֪˼ҵĶۺ죬ҲһٺãҲ˼ҵġ 
Ƶĵͷ裬Ҵˡ 
ԭĿʶĸף̸ĶҲĶ 
վ뿪ʯʱͰ͵ÿһõϰߣϵζͷʲôӣ·ɫϷŵ֡ 
һжˡɵţȴеһաʯһƬʱգ˵ֻһ˵Ĳʺ硣 
ֹ¡ 
ŻѪذѡԿдˣһɫ֮һʱ֮䣬Ĵеհףô 
ѡԿ˽衣 
迴ȫӺ󣬴绰˵ѡǵĴг档 
ӵԱվߵشߣҹգʢ˼ȴɵգʮʱһƬʱաƬʱպǣǴģ͸ģûµķ糾򵥵Ө 
·ҵԼ˫εĳ 
()




ڶʮ£2


2
Ѱһʵʱ뿪ǣ뿪ʯüһֱĶȥţ̫ԶˣŲµᡣãȥμһͼ齻״ᣬ뿪ɡ
ҳҪǸ˭۾ġһƬ徲԰ǵ˫¶۾Ⱥˮ
ʵǰ˫۾ԺˣһŮˣҪȥǿƴܹվøһЩܹǸСС˶վĸ׼һ𿴵ԶһЩҪһ֪Ⱦ·ĸףܹԼĺڳɳЩ֪κΣգ֪¾ںߣԺվǻᱻ֪
ˣŷֽһҪѧϰ顣Ҳǵһ裬һʼûѧãĵغŮһѧϰɳһлü
ӵס졣û뵽Ҳ˵ܲܰѵ죬ҪһЩ顣
˵Ҳһµ顣
˵ǼһɡҴȥʤͰɣǶҡ
Ҫšſڵĵͣһ£˾еԼһۣԼһ΢Ц
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ֺ͵Ҳˡʱһħʦϵ˱˺еʶ֡
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˵ְɣºܵšȻ˫ϤѯʵĿ⿴˵Ҹô죿
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ҺͷʹҰڲҵŮѣǵϣ˵˵ǻ
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ڴǰֻ˺һ˲ʧˡıӰƲʹ˫ۡУֻŮĸףһͬѧˡʹһˣѾȫȡλá
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صˣšһֻӥķݱһ˴ݷɵݣ裬㿴Сӥǲӷɵģ
˵ţǵģߺҪСӥһѧ죬ɵø߸ߵء
裬ҪȥĶ
ȥԶĵط
ҲߡӱĴȣǰ
šܿͻġ
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ῴ裬СӥڼҪʲô
úõĶ壬ѧУѧ찡
𣿵ҷһ
ЦᶼˡǳףҪŮɵøԶԼҲҪзɵı졣
ȻһˤĴ졣ԭһСģӥεֻסˤˣذϼС㲻סź͡
Żˣؿ衣
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ŶӵͷԼС㵹ˮһתͷ裬ڣǶȥˣ 
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ڶʮһ£4


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Ҳǰʶκһˣ᲻εԼĵίȫҼȻӵй㣬ҶһΣҪҵҲġ 
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ԭˣüݸʵ˾벻£Ǻǡ
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