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ǣһ졣
һؼˡ
ûиĸûнֵܣû顣ֻи߸ߵĹǽŵ²͸ġ
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ҿѡһΣԸҪ
1س
࣬ųصĽŲڻؼҵ·ϡ
ҵͷģĺ۰
һԴİųһܡһǹལҷ˻츳ġңؿڣͨӣַҲгܵ츳
ʵҲһµˣ˭Ұšҵ֪֪ҲǺ۸ġ
ò׵ˣҲϴֱһ˸Ϊƣһұˡ˯𡱡
֪棬һл㱵أ˱ţ˺ܳһ·Ȼ󾭹صһ䷿ҸоΧкܶڿңСʲô
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ѽҵͷܰ
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ΪҿŵĻ棺һЩˣֵ·ˢˢؿҡװҲݻǵ񻨵ģ˿ģЩˣŽϸۡ
ȵȣʲôطô
ѵʲô괩ԽɡС˵ľôܣ

ⲻǴԽ
ҿǽϵľԼȻTţп㣬ȻԼģʱұһ˽ۣûдԽ
ȻʲôԽ
ˡһź긾Ů˵
̫ˣѹˡԱߵҲڸ͡
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ǸŮæȥһˮȻݸҡ
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ҲϴģҼˣҲǲҸĸҵġѵʲô 
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Һеˣǣʣ˼ǣҲزȥ𣿡 
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ǰɣھȻͻȻеѹǲǣЩˣ 
ף࣬Ҳ˼ֻֻǡĲ֪ô˵ܰοˡ 
Ҫ֮ϵĹһ治ϰ߰




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Ŵ桰ë

3Ŵ桰ë
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Һڽתƣ̲סҪСҵθã˻̫ģҲ֪óԵТңǺǣ
תתȥһûпǺ«ġϲԵǺ«
һҪȥأʹ顣
ȥɡ˵
ƫƧȥʲôҪʲôΣգ飬㵣𣿡
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ˡʥֻּúһˡ
˳ȷʵ˻һ档ûʲôˣҲûж̻һɨҶĸо
ƺӣôһ̵ϰ徾סһСк
СӣСС;˻˰ϰҵĶ͵ø⣡
Ск˵Ҫ⣿Ұˡ˵İӵݸϰ塣
٣㡭Ҫǰͷٻ㣬ӦҰŪˣô
תͷ˵ȥ
ּ
ȥϰ˵ϰ壬Ǻġ
⡣ӣЦЦ˵ҲҲá
ΪʲôҪҰ
Ҫ㣬Ӿ㡣
ӣ˭
Ͼ֪ˡ
ǰϸС㣬ü֮һӢ֮һʧܵĵҵĹôССˣ
ҲԵ֡һСкһϤоʲôԨԴö֪
㸸ĸأĶʡ
֪
һ¶̾˿ҿ飬۾Ҳһϧͬ顣
 
 
ǣҾ㣬ǲӦðѱأ 
Ҫô𣿸㵱Ͱϰʲôأ 
 
ߣȥ֪ˡ 
Һ͹ǰߣСкںߡ 
ѹңϣԤô죿 
⻹𣿵ȻǴȥˡôСĺӾڴˣΡ 
ϵַͬˣ 
ôֻҪҸˣ԰ȫ˶ӽôΪҲң 
ĸôΪ 
˵˵ţ͵˹ſڡ 
һعͷǺﾪ顣 
߹ȥЦ˵Ск֪Ǹʲô𣿡 
Ǻһ£βŲΡΡ˵ǡʡʡ 
û޾ǻϡ£ֲ㡣С˧磬߰ɡ˵ұתˡ 
ͱͱ˵СӣôϵһڱͷˣǼ˸˰




Ҹеϵ

1Ҹеϵ
ϣǺˡ˵

Сϴ裬ϹȻÿˡǸС˧磡
㻹ûޣʲôء
ҽг⣡
ϣͦ⣿֡Ժڹɡ
Ϊʲôƾʲôڹ
һ仰˵Χ˶Цˡ
Сӣ㻹ͦԼҪ֮ڰҲø鶼꣬һУҾ͸һ֡
㲻ƭң
Ϸԡ
糯
ϣص̰ãˮѾûׯϰʧ಻ԡ
㻹Ÿʲôȥһ߲鿴ɣɸĶһǸʲôԵģ
΢ڡ
ɣô£ʲôȥˣ
΢
ڻЩƨʲôȥһ߲鿴
ּ
ذ䣬ȥһ£ҪʳѸٲУڽĸأͳͳַ񡣡
΢ּ
˼գȺôˣ
ϣɸ²ˣ
ʲô죡
ϣﻹء
ڡ޶ͿˣּɸְλѺ䡣
ϣ鷿ƻͨ
ϣ첻ˣҲЪϢˡС˵
ĶϢϰܿ࣬ô˯̤ʵ
 
 
ĸеϵѹҾԼеϳˡ£𢣬աǵΡ 
бϣɹ 
Сȥ 
ǡ 
شˣãȽھˡء 
к£ 
룬ȥ 
Ҫȥ 
ȻȥذҪȥһ߿顣 
ϣ˼ǳΣաʥ֮ôȥأһиʲôʧ 
ذ䣡ôҲģѶ顣 
ȻʥѶ΢ʲô 
飡ʲô˼Ҫ޲𣿡 
΢ҡ 
ߣȥ׼˽õ°ɡ 
΢ּ






2
պ飬ɹԱһ·ˡ
ȸ֪ǣҪŰպ͵ط
պǵء
֣;жĻǰˡһĿ޺һ˫˫񶼴ҵġ
ôҵĹôҵۿһӯˮ
ϣ벻Ҫġοҡ
ѹ˵ϣˣɲΪ˿޵ġһ̣վͶʹһ̡
ҷӦ˵öԣﲻǿ޵ġּλԱȥ鿴飬Բߡõǡ
΢ּ
ת˵飬ȥã֪ؿַ
΢ּ
·˵ָ£ǵáǰţ˺ܾãųһۣ˯
ͷʣʲôǣΣ
ȥ֪ң˵
Ǹһǵļƾ֪ͷģǡæܻǵ֪ȥˡŽá
һǸ֪ءүƵسˡ
ұʲô°ϸϸ˵
һôô˵̫ɣ롣
淢ˮնҪˣ㲻֪𣿡ʡ
ôرʲô£
ʲôĸĸ٣ô£ʡ
ߣĸ٣ЩĲ֪Ѱ£ڱ١Ӧã
ƨ֡Ӷʨһ֪ŵùǺҵ⿴ֻı顣ǰҲáʨ𹦡ŹһΡ֪ҵ˰ɡ
Ǹ֪ؼˣ¶ӣҲһģ˵㺰ʲôĻëѾͷ⹫ϴСУȥȴʮ壡
ҿңҵǻỤңϵǰ档
ѽӢ۾
û˵Ӣ۾ôǻ˵ָ̫𣿽ôô
㣬㣬֪رͨ졣
󵨣֪ʲô𣿡˵
ҹʲôˣص֪
ߣǰһ˵ˣǽʻʵ
һ˲䣬ھóԼĽǸƨ֪ؿ
Ӽݣ
 
 
£߶µ˵֪ʥϼ٣ʧԶӭ١ 
󵨣ڻǰԳơ١˵治ɰҰЦ 
ôϡ 
΢΢΢΢ 
ò˵㣡 
ǣ٣Ŷǣ΢Ϸ䡣 
ߣһΪյĸĸ٣֪ΪΪֻ֪Լ̰ͼܣܰյ֪ 
΢֪ 
˰Ĺ٣Ѻ;ǣ̲ã 
ǣѺҪߡ 
ҽסǣȵȣ·һҪúáԴλˣúáź𣿡 
ס 
 
Ǹ̰ٱȥ 
޵ּ⣬֣񡣡 
ּ




Ҫǻ

3Ҫǻ
ŬѾࡣһЩԱһ߹ʣ¹һᾩ
һ·ϣȷʵչмΡˣҶˣҲ˵ȵȡҵһᵽ˳ζ
һҿջͶޡ
ƹģϷ
õĿ͹٣¥롣
Ск¥סмķ䣬ֱסߣԱ㱣ҵİȫ
ϣڴԷҪ˼ˣ˵µطûʲôóԵģͽһ°ɡ
ʡС㣬ҪҳȥЩɿڵİɡ
ʲôС㣬С㡣
ʵҲûôҾúܲĢС⣬նлζر𣬶ǹﳢġҳԵúܺáҲԵĺܿġ
ٺٺٺ٣ͻȻЦˣЦĪΪʲôаæôˡ
ûʲôûʲôҾ뵽һ¡ǵϴѧʱŶڡ硯ѧʱ򣬳ԵʳĴǿ֪ܲܲǲ˾ܷһʱһֻرУô˵ģʳˣ˵һˣˡϻбѳԵĲ𣿳˵ڶˣҿˡа
˵ҾʹЦҲҶЦˡ
۵˵ʡС㣬ܿˡ
ûҶһ
ߣԷһ˵
ϣǸԻطˡҾ˯ţ顣ҳţķ仹ŵƣʣ飬㻹û˯𣿡
鿪ţ˵ûСô˯أ
˯š˵˵ɡҷɡ
ǽ¡
˵飬һֱ룬ԼǲǸûʵۡôңҵĴɣ
ǵĻϡܰȫԼͷϡкܴѹġ
 
 
ûѹûж飬֪ҵġ硯ʱҲкܶĵ峯Ŀʵۣ͵ǻˡݣƽֺҡһΰĻʵۡҺһһľ 
ֻҪԸ⣬ܹ룬ΪʵۣҲͼΣһһġ 
԰԰ԣҪǻ 
ϣôͺˣҲԸ 
ǣ飬𣿡 
΢𡣻ϣʱˣҲϢˡ 
ߺڴϣŸղŵ£֪˯ˡ 
Ǽ· 
쵽ˣǻҪڽһطС롱ɽƱȽҪһ·϶еģԤʲôҪ 
극Ƕ˯ˡҿҪ˯ŵʱ˴ҵķţ˭ȴôҲˡˣһʲôԻ㡱һĶˡǰֻڵϿʵҪˣ




ҹ̿

4ҹ̿
ʲôأ
ǿɽ֪ٲƻǽɫǽٲƣҹǣϿǲǮġǽɫ찡Ҳôùɣһһӵ׳־ûʵְ飡ڸ𣿣ҿҪ֮ˣˣֻϵ۱ˣţ
Ҹоؿңҵһ·
ͻȻֻ顱һűײˣ
󵨴̿ͣɣ
ҵӰҾ֪㲻ᶪҲܵģ
ιһҩҪһҾˡ飡飬ô°
ϲҪţѾ׷̿ȥˡܿץġ
ôд̿أ
¥ãѾŴ̿ͻˣǴڵһְ
̿ʹҹ£棬Źǰ
ʲôˣΪʲôҪдң֪˭
֪֪Ļһأ˻ش
찡ĿǳģôˣˣǰڵϿ̿д̾û뵽Ҹˡѵǻ
ǺãȻ֪˭ҲˡкβǷԩ飿˵޷
˵ҪӲʲôʱ򣿡˵
Ҳ˵ģǱ׷Ļˡ
󵨣֪֮߱Ĵ˵
תͷ˵鰡㿴ҿֵı飬ơ飡ʲô
عæ˵΢ղ̿͵¡
ش˺Ĳɰ̿͵𣿡ʡ
ʲô˼ѵΪҺ̿йϸ𣿡
ûйϸô֪
㡭
סڣʲôʱˣҪܣ
 
 
΢֪ϣ΢ȷʵղд̵¡΢룬ֻǸɱ֣Ļˡ 
⻹ʲô˵Ҫ˿𣿡 
ôǻлΪʲôң 
ˣǱ໳ˣһΣΪдޣ˵д޵ɺĻʹˣ޾㲻 
ߣǲ˵ģԶҲ֪˵ŰγϵذĿһ̣ 
Ҵһ 
æȥΪʱ 
գ۾·һ·ϣ˭û˵ҵأһԶҲⲻҡҵ֪ңεд¼Զô򵥣һԭ򣬿ǵʲôأ 
˺ܾãڿˣϣ̫ˡ̿һ£Ҳ⣬Ҫš 
ǣûоţֻѹ֡ 
ϣλûʵۡģҼĵҪΪ̿͵·ˡǺܿҪصˣعͰȫˡ 
ûʲôû¡߰ɣ




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صĹ˼

2صĹ˼
ڶ죬ҽȺټ
ͬ־ǣһСģһ⡣
ϣʲô
ڡ硯ʱһĿС֣ġרȥѲݳġ֣齨һƵĶ飬ͽСšҲƵ顣ȥҪȥô
,뷨Ǻ֡
԰һʱѽܡ
ذ䣬أ
΢Ϊ취ܺá
شˣǺãؼҪôʵʩ㲻ܹ˵˵
ǰشˡʦ˵ΪɣӦĹɡ
ʦΪӣΪϣΪЧӦ÷ʲôڷɣ˵
㡭شˣл
ιιιûްֻԹԵ˵

ŵѾˣݳ޷ǸӼʲôġˣϷ磡һʱҡи裬˵гǺܺ飬Щó𣿡
ػϣ΢Ǻóǿ취
ԣذ˵ûһԣҪϣûҲҪϣʵԲҵԭȽһǺǺǺǣ
ϣҺ飬һ顰֣ġ׳ݳ¡ȻᴵʲôģҵĹܶࡣԣݳɱϵεݲ߻ƬԱȵһϵеĹң
ص黹ûл⣬ԣ׳ݳʵϻļᣬҶĬˡؼôһЩأǸ⡣
ǵڡ硯ʱеļᶼ˿﷢,˲ɵþͰǰ˳.ҪҪҲ?Ұ뷨,˵ᵽĿѣȻῶҵġĶⳤġ
Ҳţǽĳĵģ
ǣϣⷽо飬ԤôŪأ
ȻǴˣѡԱ͢ƷϵĹԱҪμԱѡΣڣ
 
 
ңʻʻϣңҡ 
ٷϻܣ¶Բˣ㻹ˣȫ˶ȻԱҪΪǱǸ˽ҲļࡣԣǵӦø˵˵أ 
ϣģʱֵֹһĺѽܣⷽרң˵㣡 
飬ںҪô˵ҾҪʵʩȨר˰ 
ҡ 
ôģǾø裬ʫеʽ֯ⳡݳأͽʦʫأͽ㡣 
ңҿɲдʲôʫ 
һɣôдʫأҲҪöѺϣֻҪܷӳ״Ϳˡ㲻ǶĿдӦúҿ԰㰡 
ЦЦ˵ϣСӰеæˣ 
ߣ㰡ԺæأЦ 
׼ջݵ顣Ա͹ʦȥѡʱʣҺѹˡ 
ԱĿöֻʣ̨ݳˣ




ļ־Ը

1ļ־Ը
عҲûʲô飬ϴϴ˯ˡ
糯Һʹ¡û̫ʱ̿͵ˣҲǲҪ¸߸λ󳼡
磬ڴ
ϣ΢ԽԽˡ
شˣڿЦɡ
΢ԣʵ
ֱ򿪣Ҳ׷ʩࡣ벻ˡǣõסôأУôأ
һð취ҹ
ʲôȫļ裿ͬʱŵ
ôڡ硯ʱĸط֣ȫµ˶ǻᵽλֵ죬ʮֻȵطȥļ裬ңܶҲǮʵġⲻˡĺ֮ڽֵܡ𣿴Ҷһˣһѣ˷֧Ԯ𣿡
ҾûϵĻе˵
Ҳáͻ̰ܻߵЩԱб˽,Լ衣
û޾˼Щǣ޾Ҫϰ¼ë
ǣϴôأ
룬Ƕļ־ԸߡǣصĹԱҪĻҲҪͷǶǸ֡ùȥƾ䣬жپ١Уÿһ־Ը߶һɫĻ¡
ǲҪȺ顣
谮䣬ȥʦ
ּ
һǶˡҽղŵĹʹ˵һ顣
ϣ΢Ϊ¿Сʦ˵
ϣ΢Ҳͬ⣬ֻǣӦһ˼˵
뵽ˣùˣʦЭУһȫ**ҶҪжڡ
򲻿ɣܲȫڲ롭
 
 
סڣҼæס˵޲µġ 
ҽļʥּ´أļͻҲˡҴŴ󳼳ڽǵĴСＯ 
ҵ񻹲Ķ׷óǮ֧ԮûҲ·Ьȡ 
һջķᡣҽͳƹࡣ 
ϣ⻹ɼ֮ͬ仹ĵİ 
ǰҲáȵȣղ˵ʲô 
΢˵֮ͬ仹İôˣ 
԰ģôû 
ϣ˵ʲô 
һ⣬ԸԸޣ 
ϣܵø΢ʲô°ɣ 
ٺٺٺ١֪ˡ




½






֣ġݳ

3֣ġݳ
죬ǡšġ֣ġ׳ݳϵڣæˣ׼ĿŮʫУһ𣩣ҵĶش¡ĸжġϴѧʱúѧˣû뵽ˣ
ݳصڽǵĽֿڵĹ㳡ϡ
ĻԱȻҵŮС
ҪҵܷԣΪϴ̵£е¡У˵ôС
ûױҾ泯һЩ̨˵ĳǣԭޣΪϣѵΪ޲ֵܷǵʹ࣬޵Ĺģֻķʽοǡ˵˵ţˮӿۿҸϽøᣬ̨ȥ˵°ȫ˵̫ˡ
̨СȥĻұ͵̨ΪǵĿ
ʵһһСССš
ˣС˵ĻΪһһˡһӭ
̨ͻȻýţֻС˵ϣҪţעⰲȫ
̨Ϥǰʦ׸ôǸҳİ׺ӣسϲʱϾҪһϲʱůĻΪһˣమһˣԵۣĲŻϧαס۾Ϊһˣమһˣи͸ͬѱȻ֪ͬػؾ쳤
һ꣬Ҹоɶˣ̨ҿڶЦ˵û뵽ô
ˣˣ
Ƕĺã˵ŻĴָ
ҺʫУĿСΪҡǱдģдУû취ɣҲãǸǡ֮ҲСҲʵ۵Ĵ
̨˵עⱣϵİȫ
죡MyGodѽôİת˵鰡㲻Ҫ˺òãҰ
΢
IYOU
̨˵٣㲻Ҫš
飺ΪܻȥΪڲԶǰ
ҲΪҡ
˵еʹ඼Ƕݵģеľϣ
һһֱߣΪȥˮ
飺Ϊҡ
ʱ𣬹ŮǺسɣס֣оٹµУôؼʱ̣ôҵ־ԸأǴŻ£žȺдҿܶ˶ҡȻҲﾧӨ⡣ᣬǴᵯרŸ㼷ҩˮ
 
 
˵Ϊңʧʱο㡣 
飺Ϊңѵʱ㡣 
ΪңҪʱԡ 
ϣ벻Ҫе벻Ҫе壬Ϊ㣬Ϊң 
һĿɹ㶨ˣ 
ʣҵˡ 
жġҺϲһ׸裬ǰڹ¶Ժʱһݳ;ᳪ׸裬Ҷݳ·ȽϤ 
Ϥſֱۣ߳żȻһų˭ҵļį·ȴߣҿ俲࣬һжٰһжᡭÿγ׸裬Ҷ޵ĳ嶯ҲǺǰԼɡвУٿˣҽ޵е̫ˡ 
֪ҽݳˡת鿴ңϧ̨֪ĳ嶯һֱڰοҡ 
֪Ӱ첻ãΥ֮񣬵Ҳˣʱ˿̣ΣҲˡ 
һݳˡ 
ܽһ£ݳܳɹ 
ΨһǣϺеʧ̬ˡԭһ




ʵʩĸ,

1ʵʩĸ,
ֺݳ½,Һ񶼺ƣ֪һڣȷʵѴҶڵĹǺ˵ˣҲܲΪǻϣ˵Ļʥּ
ʵʱҸдܶ࣬˵Ҿùҿƾѡ˲ŵķʽкܶײǸص֪͹ɸǾʬλز͵̰١
ҲĸһĸеÿʱڶܼġٵĲΪŻϵ۸ϰգߵġ
糯ʱ˵Աѡƶȵ¡
˵εһУذҲӦидɣЩԱмΪģ˻£ȴ޵֣Ѻڹޱ󱳣ˣ
ϣս󣬰ٷϾˣż̰Ҳġ
ûϡ˵ϣΣ
ȻǸĸˣֻ͢гԸɷˣοĸأǵȻǡ߻ʵԶˡ
˼ƾٸĸǴ£ǣ̫࣬ݳһ˵ܿܰ¡˵
ѵ޻Ϊľʲô֪ڼʱҲѧʷʷҲк̰ܶһҵӣżʡ˵˿ƾٿԵĺܶײ
˵Ҳ޵ֻǣȷʵôװ
ذ䣡ҵҪϣûҲҪϣվ˵ƾٿԣǹѡ˲ҪҲҪ;ԣƾѡεˣغҰյϵǽĴ˵㿴ʲôⲻԵ𣿽ĻҪ˵𣿡
شˣҿ¾ͽˡʦ˵
ǡ
磬鷿ƣˡ
֪ʱ䣬ΪҵĲĹȷʵۻˡͦⲻȥġ
˵鰡ҪȻȥɡȿɵƶģȻȥϢ޿ˣٴòã
ϣ΢һ㶼ۡ
飬ƭˣ޶óҪȻƫĴ˯һɡ
΢ϡ
˺ˣ޵ϣȥϢʥּ뿹ּ𣿡
ǡ˵꣬ȥƫĴˣһҾ΢ˡ
߹ȥظϱӡڴߣգġ飬Ϊ˽࣬డ
һص鷿Щĵķ䡣
ҷ֣Աѡκڡ硱ʱ࣬ȾطѡΣ
Ȼ󽻸͢ͻкܴ©߹ϵʲôġ
ó͢ȥлܻߣѰ
 
 
ţˣ߳۾ң㻹û 
æ𣿡 
ǰѣȵȣ㣬ղŽʲô 
ǽСҲӳˣæĿڣʻϣˡ 
΢󲻾֮ 
飬ûʲô󲻾ģʵңϲҡ 
ϣĸķ𣿡 
ߣ飬㻹رܣתƻ⣿ˣηһȣ 
´ξûôˡ 
룬ҪȴӸѡ˲ţ͢˶ȫ 
˼жѡΡǾ˵ȥ 
ǰûʲô̫ɣ 
ںͷ 
ʲô




УԼ

2УԼ
ǿԿĿĸĸ
ԿĿϡ
ˣ飡ϵģϵľɷʱ߽
Ӧ̭޸ղŲǵĿԿĿ̫һֻǿα
ݣҲ˵ֻҪᱳ飬ͨԣȥô
ֻӣ𣿡
ô˵̫ƫˣαãôȥӦã
飬ȱŷ񶨡޵˼ǣѡε˲ţ
Ұµˣ츣յˡЩ˻ὲ
֮Ҳʲôı֪𣿡
ϣ˼ô
˿αҪʵԡ
ʵôʵ
νʵϴѧʱʵϰһĵطȥ
٣ȥһʵϰڿ£ߣǰꡣ
˼ǣԴжҪҪˣ𣿡
û
ϣ̫ˣⲻô򵥵£ֻ
һ󳼣ôľôģٹٵ㶼Ҫ
˵ƾٿԹغҹƣ
飡ǲ̫ˣ
ϣ΢ǱأǽϣСܶ
΢һ΢Ҳһ
飡㲻ҪٽƱ磡̲֪̲Է
ĺҪҹԴ󣬱չܸô
ǩƽԼءˮ֮У
ѵĽѵ𣿡
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飡㲻Ҫϴ޺òã
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飡ΪǾȴˣǲǣƾٸĸ
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飡ʲô˼㲻ĸ뿴ԼĹұǿ
Ҫ㲻𣿶ʮǰǳս
ٵ࣬Ե
ˣɫͻȻúܲҰףֵĹâ
飬ôˣ
˵ǣʮǰǳսҺǳ
ϣǹʹ벻Ҫ𡣡
֪˵ʲôˣƺ˰ˡ
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ʹֻǣǸʵ⡣飬һ飬ĸ
Ǳģ
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˼˶ٴʱĸҲ
˼ѵʲôӹǴľˣǲк
 
 
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ˣ޲ٺˣ򰲰ɣ 
΢иˡ 
飬ˣᣡҺޣܻ޹ 
ڴһԲ 
Сһ裬˵ϣôˣģ˭ 
ߣ˭ңôң˭ңҪ˵˭ 
£ֻһˣߣ 
ϣǺ˭ 
˭Ǵɹ飡 
Ŷش˰ôˣôˣ 
ˣҲաСȥɣһ˾ 
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Сߺһ룺飬ʲô˲𰡣㲻 
ǱҶἸ֮ҲҪҵġ硯һ 
ΪҾʲô֪ΪҺСʲô 
ԼͺܺǲǣҲ׷ģߣڼŵ 
Ͱϣûװɣ 
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ţƢߣ˭˭ù 
飬ڸ𣿺һ𣿺ߣŲأŲ 
һأôûûΣ 
 
ôˣôأΪʲôҪأ飬ҿˣ 
Ϊˣ֪𣬱С󻹵һΪеĿޣ 
Һ㣡㣡㣡 
ˣ飬ңѾˡ




ΪʲôҪ˸ӣ

3ΪʲôҪ˸ӣ
ڶ졣
飺飬㻹޵𣿡
ˣ΢ϵ
飬òãǸ˰ɣ
΢̿֡
شˣˣ˵Ҳеĸȷʵһ
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ĿҪʵԣʱӰ̵¡һ
Ͼ͸Ρǣ䷸ƣͰ졣ʵϰڼĿ
죬ܹܣԱල𣿡
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ŶǺá飬
΢ûϣ΢ԽԽСˡ
Ⱥ飬Ҳûʲôҽ񲿺ͬȥ졣
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ͷҿðĺˮôˣѵ
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˵ʵʲô𣿡
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ʲô㡭ѹޣ㵽
ôˣ㿪ѵȻ㿪ѡ
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Ȼˡ˵ңʵҴ
ûа㵱ǡһֱ㵱Ǵ硣˽µʱ
ǣưɡ磬Сã׳ʲôˣ
֪Ծ֮Ǵ󲻾ǣһ
˵ԴϴԺҾĵҿ
̿ͳ㷿ҵʱָоġ
㣬Ҫ˵ʲôҪҰ
 
 
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ʲôİ 
ңңϲ㡣 
˵㣬ղ˵ʲô 
΢΢һ򣬶ʥ֮΢ 
϶ 
ղ˵ģ𣿡Ҳ 
΢ԣʵɼ 
⣬һЦҰϹ飬һֱ棬 
highĳȴң 
飬ôҪôӣҪŪǣ 
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㣬ǣôõһˣȴϲң⣬ʲô 
⾿ʲô 
飡ΪʲôôӣΪʲôҪôһԵ 
ңһǻϣǻҵĳӣ




˼֮

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⼸죬ʲôû顣鲻ڣҾʲôƵģĲɡ
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⡭
ǵǰʫʣȾ˼֮࣬һúý飬ڣҲᵽԭ˼֮࣬˳
ȻҲ֪Ҳʹ࣬ûа취Ұ飬ֻ顣
Ϊ˱˼֮ʹҾԼæһ㡣Ҳǹ֮۵Ҫˣûôеʱˡ
ϣҿҪ˯ʱ˵
ôˣѾޣʲô·ҪС
Сǳˣǰ
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Сʲôˣʡ
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ȥ
ּ
ǵ˰෿ʪأڴϡﺬ
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ߺߵǰڵӣôҲ緢ʱ
 
 
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ڴأ۵ؿ˵Ǻοأ֪ǲܵġǺοడ 
 
Բ𡣡 
һ 
ֻ˵Բ𡣰飬˵һˣǲġֻǣһ߽һ߽ҲˡΪ˽ġ 
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˼죬عˡ




ҵ

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飬һˡô˳ûʲôĺ
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Ŷá鰡²ˣ㻹𣿡
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ϣ΢֪˵ʲô 
Ҳ֪ʲôħվ˵֪飬㲻Ҫװɵ֪飬ѵҵģ㻹𣿡 
΢֪ϵ˼ҲҴʥ⡣΢ˡ 
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飬Ұ㣬İ㡣ڣûоֻҡ㣬Ұ㣡 
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ϣ˵ĻҲܽܡ 
Ϊʲô㣬ϲң 
ԭ֪˵ʲô 
飬ңĵİ 
ϣ˼ϣЩϢɡ΢ˡ 
ңֱȥ 
飬飬ô飬飬顭




3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ڰǰֻǸƽŮ

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УҺ񿴼ˡ
飬Һ㣬㻹
飬֪ҵģҰ㣬㣬֪
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㣬ǡ
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ϣңҡ
Ҵ˵黳飬㡣һΪҲأ飬Ұ㰡ĺð㰡
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ˣ㣬 
ߣôԼŰɡ 
޹ 
ԭġ 
ǣˡңڿԼˡ 
ٴӵ 
ȴû棬һµĿɬˮ




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ȻǽĻϣȨ֪ʲôɡ
С߳ܵҵϡǸӺ;ɣһӡǣûۣ
Ŷ죡ûۣô򿪣
Ҷ溰ˣ飬͹ʦ
һ飬ǶˡӸǿʵѾµǵķӳˡҸղһȡ
ϣǴģʦʡ
ҽҿŻתءܵˣ
˵һ
˵ҲҪţʹܵǺ顣ҲǽġԣϡƽӣܵóġҲֻһӶѡϸˣһӣûۣ޷򿪡ҴʴһЩ⡣
뽲
࣬ʦǽϳˡǣǿ֪Ȼʵʲô飬ܵ飿
⣬ϳ֪˵Ȼʵ£ϲ˵µô˼أ
ϣ΢Ҳû˵΢֪֪ܵʲôˡ
飬£ʲô
ϣ΢֪΢ΪȻȻʰܵȻȻʵ˼΢ôӴأ
Ȼ޾ͰźãҲԺõġ
ϣٹ顣
ϣ΢ʲô𣿡
飬ô˵ڿЦҾú£ô򵥡ҾºйأкܴĹϵ
ΪʲôҪô˵أ
ֱһֺǿҵֱûйǿң
ϣһ˵涼лʼһܡȻǻʼһܣ϶ͻйءԣĸоҲǣȻڴ򲻿ͲҪˡ˵أ
 
 
Ҳɡ飬벻Ұ 
ôһʣͻȻһ㶣ŵмܲס˼ЦЦ˵춼ʲô벻ģ 
ΪʲôûУҾͺ㰡飬Ҽ磬±һĸʾģɽǸϣǸ͡ǸϣǸ㣡˵ǲ뵽ȥ˰ 
ϣ˵ 
ߣһ˵ʲôðֲᣡ 
΢ȷԱ 
㲻Ա񲿵İҲԣе˾ֻд˵𣿡 
ǵġ 
ߣȻҲûа취ˡĹ㣬´ξûôˣ֪𣿡 
˵ţұߵǰϺݺݵһǣ 
ȵؿңͰ͵˵ʡϣ 
Цôˣʲôѵ֮䣬ССkissһҲ𣿺ߣ 
Ц˵У϶ô˵ˣ΢ﻹ˵ʲôֻñˣ 
ʲôңҿǱ˰ɣ飬ҿǻϰ 
úúãˣ˰ɣ 
ߣҲѧ̧ˣ




̥

ںӵ£ﻹǹֵֹġ̶ѽĵ伮˳ൽ׻ʲôܡ
鷿ϣ
⣿ô롣
˵ҿ¶ˣһ̫æˡҲѳˡǵõʱҰʱ֪һѵĹΣСǰҲõˣҽּˡ
Ŷ˵
ˡҿԽˡȻԴǰܶʱ򣬲Źأ
ʣ⣬ôҲõ𣿡
ػϣˡּ
ϣ⣬ô첻ôذ˭̵ģ
ػϣǹ˺͹ʦ㡣
ŶǣǺã⣬԰磬Ҫڿ㡣
ǣ
ߺҼĵ伮˰Ҳûзʲô˵ҲеҲǺͻʼһйءԣҰѽĻ˳Ҳҵ𰸡
дȻʮһӣŮСǸкǸŮͬ꣬Ӧҡô˵һһܵܣҲǵǳսز۵ġ
ǣйǵļغ٣ܵܡѵЩй
ңͷеۣ˲ˣ
ϣ԰ͤټ˳⣬͹飬͹ʦ
ʣ⣬ô飬ûʲô򰡣
ػϣΪʹǡ飬ôˡ
ŶѧЩ˵ĵأ
ػϣΪƷΩжߡ̸Ҫʵţ̤ʵ̰֮ġ
⼸仰˵ףѡνů˼ԡһ˵ǮͲǰôˡ֪ɶľνֻ͵Ǯƣеж͵ݡ͵˵Ĳɱ͵˵թ͵˵Σȵȡԣ͵֮򲻿У䣬˵Ķ𣿡
סʥ
ϣҲˡ
⣬ȻǴǲģܾñŤԣǰ⣡
ǰ¡
һ˵˼
Ϊʲô
ϣ֮ƺ֮硣οӳէʲô˽⡭
ˣôȫΪֻҪϸˣԲȫ˵ĺӣ𣿡ʦ˵
ʦ˵ˣ⻹ǸӣܳҲǶԺˡ⣬޼ղΪܣ⣬ɲҪ޵һⰡ
΢л
ҷʵҲԼĿǡ಻û̳УȻⲻǻףܼ̳лλǣҵ̳лλҲӦһϤʦ䶼Сˡҳ⺢ӴǸĲϡ
ˣǾ̸
¹ⲱϣԼҿʲô
ʣܣ㲱ϵʲô
Ŷ𣿻ػʽ㣬̥ǣܴСС
ҿϸϵ̥ǣÿɰһͼΣʲôһʱ벻
 
 
˵Ŷ̥ǣӰǲǣ 
һ仰˵ôҶΧ⻹˼ˡ 
ǰǺ񡣻շͷһ̥ǣϺ⺢ӻĺԵְ˵ 
ǰи 
šֻɫء 
һɢȥࡣ 
ʣˣʲô¾;ֱ˵ɡ 
ػϣ΢˵ϻġ 
㲻˵޲Ļأлֱ˵ɡ 
ϣ΢ΪӣӦԻϱоġòΪǽİɡ 
࣬˼ǣѵǹʦߣöһλ𣿡 
΢ĵ 
ô࣬һ룬˭˽ĻȨΪҪȵأΪʲôûлسʱأѾǻ˭޵Ļλأ˵ʦ¶꣬ҲûΪҪ໳أ 
ϣ΢ǲιʦֻǷ¶Ҫģ΢Ϊ֮΢Ҳ߻㡣 
࣬ĺˡʵִЩӣҲһЩֵĵط޾ô֮ϺܺһЩ鲻ԸȻ޲˵㡣ҲǺ¡ܻһЩʱ򣬵ϣܿȻʣڰյϣΪ࿼ǣЩִ𣿡 
ʥ΢ס 
Ǻã°ɡ 
Ŷ𣿻ػʽ㣬̥ǣܴСС 
ҿϸϵ̥ǣÿɰһͼΣʲôһʱ벻




Դ׷粨

ܺãҲúöˡһ̫رáĵطͻ
ҼǵСʱ򿴿ֲƬɭɭģ̫һһжƽá
һ
ãҺ԰ɢ̸̸죬Ϣһ¡
Ǽѧ书
΢Ϳʼˡ
Ŷ갡ôС
ǰϰҪСʼ
һɣ
ǰСʱϰܿ࣬ÿûʱȣȻԹ緹ͿʼһѵֱҹϢǶĺܿ࣬ѧˣҲˡ
ûྡְܲܽԺ˵أ
Ҳѧ𣿡
ǵȻˡҶѧ㶫Ҳûʲô˵ǲ
Ҳԣǻϣѧʲôأ
롣ǾѧɣҼǵõʱݵʱ򣬰ٲĹҹĿ࿴ѧɣÿѧһСʱòð
ãѵûôѧϽ
ǵȻѧҲҪѧʲôˣȤѧǺоͷŶȤõʦ˵ǲ
ʥԼǣ
ڶ죬ұ˳ѧ
ϣ㿴⹭ͼһҪϺãмĸ߶һҪ̫ˣ߻ۣҲУ
΢μ꣡
һҪҺһ
ҿԶܲˣʵҲܲˡôҲǻϰѧҪŻң
ʣ飬ʲô𣿡
û¡΢ֻʻ𣿡
شˣзִ磬İɡֲʹ٣ܵҲ̫˰ɣ
΢ҹܻϣ΢ֻȰΪأҪɥ־ѡ
飬㣬˵ʲô
΢ֻھԼ֮¡
ˣ¡شˣһ°ɡ
˵꣬û鷿ո°ڵǰ˵شɣ۾ϸ޵ûĺ£ûɥ־ڲ˰
ϣ΢˼΢һ㽨飬ϵǷɣ΢ûȨʡЩø΢ʲô˼΢ҲûȨ׸ĲģԼ¡
飡ǹޣ֪޺һϵ㲻ˣԴˡ޺һֻѧϰûб˼ɷġ޲ˮˡ
΢ôôأһʲôö΢ͣ΢ҲûȨʡ
飡㲻ޣ㣬˼޺֮䣬ʲô˵£𣿡
΢˼΢
 
 
ˣ˵ˣ飬ôô㣬֮Ȼ໥ζûУǻ̸ʲôߣ 
΢ˡ 
ԶȥıӰˣ飬쵰һѰϵȫˤϣСæܹɫ࣬ʣϣû°ɣ 
û£û¾ͺˣߣһ˦ӻ޹ȥˡ 
ϣԽԽ飬ƾʲôңҶôѵ𣿺ߣС֮ĶȾ֮СǼ 
飬㲻ںǺðҵҪ᲻ںҵʲô̶ȣҪ빬ߣ 
뵽·ߡǣˣô죿 
µģֻǳȥɢɢģֲĳߣӦû¡ֻ죬żˣҾͻʲôµģ 
һдˣҲ֪ôһһ䣬˼ӡ 
˵ϸװһĵشӺ޹ߵſڣͻȻ뵽ʹܣֲʲôСѾͷʹ£⣬󵽹ԱСɨĶϵңôӰ 
룬Ҫõɽ֮ƣȻܣ 
ԣô죡 
ܵǽǣһʯͷſվڵ͵ӹȥ 
ʱֻ˴󺰣˭д̿ͣ˵һˣĴѰ 
ҳǵҾһ̾ܳ˹ſڡ 
ֲͣ£º׷һֱܣ֪˶Զǳ׿ʹˣҲͣ 
ҳˣڵһߴŴһ룬ʤ 
飬Һú㣡ߣ˭۸أ




թƭ

ϣպһޡ
ӵ㡣
ڴй䣬֪ûзʧˣ
˺ûżأ
ţһͻȻײҡһڵϡ
ֻ顱һ죬һƿˤˡ
Ǹ˴ӵҴ󺰣ιʲô·Ҳ
ŵҵĻƿҵı
˵ڴϴ߿ޱ£һƿҵ
ƿ̫үүģǼҵĴұ⣡
˵ôϵ˶Χ
ˣʲô⣿ԼײϵĻҪ
ңɵҼöˣҰҿɲ
ףƭƭͷˣ
㣡ײңţҶ
ײˣײҵĴұǸ˵ƭˣ
ûİ
ϵҲ֪ĸˣǸƭ˵
˵ǣ˰
Ǹ˵ײ˼ңǸǲô
ҧţǣ
ιιιûиǻ
ǵ׿ûа
㣡ҵıңӣ⣡
ʲôǶˣ˵ģΪʲô
أƫƫҪƭ˵Ĺ治ǣָ
΢۵Ⱥ˵˵Ⱥڵ۾ѩģأûп
ûпͲҪ˵ԩ˵֪𣿲ֻ
һ֮Ƕ𣿡
ܶ˱ҵһϯ˵ƿԣǸɵĻǲ֪
ô˵˻ëѾͷѵǣ
ǾǣһЩû۵͡
ðǣͨǲǣ϶Ǻã
Ҳúëǲˣɲһ
ɣôһٸץٸһбߣȥ
٣˵ĵطȥߣ˵ұ䡣
˵ˣıٸץһ˵Ҫ
ȥ٣ʵˣæ˵ȥҲȥ٣
һЦˣ˵ȥ٣Ϊʲô˰ɣ
ûУûУҾǲȥ٣
϶˰ɣʡ
ûжˣҳʲô
ð㣡ӲǲǣǺãҪǻڸĵĻ
ȥ٣ߣϹٸȥߣǰ䡣
ʹק˵ҲȥͲȥ
ڶˣ˵
úúãҳҳϣҵù˰ɣ
Χ۵һԼˣֶĿ˵⺢ӣͲ
ѧƭˣ
ǣӦúù̹̣ܽܽ
һΧ۵˶ɢȥˡ
һûϷˣϵĻƿƬҪߣҽס˵ι
ȵȣʲôģסΪʲôȥֵػС
Ҫأ
 
 
бһۣ˵ʲô°ôʲô 
˭ʵ𣿡 
㣬ʲô̬Ȱ˴󻹲֪֪߳ܲڸģ 
ǻҪȥһܹܽĵط 
𣡴㣬ҴҴ˻Ҽĸ 
ˣһһѵҪҪǮҲҪǮֵ 
Ǯ̫٣˼ˣҼķݶϣĹ 
һذɣ˵ 
Ҫ˵˾ϴζԳҲǼ 
ܿࡣҿӣͲˡ 
˵˺ˣҲѹˣ϶Ȳѵġ 
ҾͲ׷ˣԺôأ 
ԺҲ֪ 
ˣţҰѴӹһЩݸ 
˵ˣɲʩᡣЩǮȻ࣬㹻 
ˡЩǮĵЩóԵģȻȥ飬ȡ 
һڣƭ˵Ĺˣ֪𣿡 
ɴ۾ĽΣûзӦ 
ҰѶ˵Űɣ 
Ŷǧл˵лл㣡лл㣡± 
ҲĶ飡лл 
Զﲻ֪ʲôζô 
һƭɣʵôģˣܸа 
˾ͺãҲûˡ 
ǣԶҪӶˡ




ұ(1)

֣ѵûзֻʧôһˣһ˵ļûУߣǻǻӶˣ൱
ǣ
ˣҲˣҸջϢ°ɡ
ڽתתţҿһҡ˿ջֲȽȥơ
߽ţСæعкλ͹٣롣
鲻ڹŴִк˶ɡ
Сҽ˿ջһĨĨӣһңλǴ⻹סꣿС겻ǲ˻ǾڽﶼģԵʲô˰
ŶǵƲ˶ʲôʡ
λʰСƲ㣬񼦣ţ⣬ˣԶ
Ǻãһݣٴһƿþơ
ǣˣ
һ˾ˣһ죬Ķˣ˵˻ĺ㣡Ҳ˲ʲôŮ󣬴ڴڵس
ţ¥ϺܳʲôƵġҰѵС˹ʣң㣬¥ڸʲôأôôûʣѵҿջһڳԷ𣿡
λ⣬Ǯˣǲ𰡡λүȵˣû꣬ƵҲʰ
ң⻰ɲԡǮôˣǮΪΪ˵ﻹסôأһиô죿˵ȻҲҪסôȥ𣿡
ôأ
ȥ˵ţҾ¥ţʣԲλԽ𣿡
˭ôᣬɨ˴ү¡ɡ
Žȥ˵λүԲ𣬴ˡ
䣬ǼȾƣмɴšҿ̫
Ҷ˵λүҿջסĲһˣ̫ˣӰ쵽˱ˣܲáҪȾƿԣܲܰһ㣬ҪӰˡ
ϣ˸µİүһҲû˹ܣ˸ëѾͷң
ëѾͷûиǻϰŮʰȻһëѾͷ
ǺãôûʣͱˡҴιûиûйİֵĽַھӶҪ˯˰˼컹Ҫϰأ
ʲô߰ģƿ߳˵ҵҪ˭ô۵ģ
䣬˶סˡ
ǽ϶ҵǸɵˣ˵һѵö𣿣ȻҸľǮܵƵأ̫ɶˣֱ۾
㣡
㣡
ͬʱ
,㲻ǡ
ǸǲǣҲҲǣ
ð㣡ô˵İ˵ԲˣȻﻨƵأأ𣿡
ңҸͲʶ㣡˭㣡СҺȥ
СվҲҶ
˵㣬֪𣿡
ʲôԷȾҲҵҪ˵˵ʲôƵĿ˵
㷸۾֪֪д𣿡
ʲôʲô۾˭ǾﰡΪǾ𣿹ëѾͷҺʹү̸
̸ǾǶţ٣ʲôʱ֪ˣ
 
 
ˣ֪֪ʲôϵ㣬Ӿ𣿡 
д𣿡 
Ȼǣ̲ɣ֪𣿡 
㣬ǣ̲ɣҾȵؿ 
ǰô˰ɣ˻ӹ 
̲ɣޣ̲ɣȪ˭˵ôûмģ̲ɰҸȥ̲ɣ𣿡 
٣㣬㣬̲ɣ֪Ȫ˰ɣΪ˭̲С檣 
ˣôô˭̲вɵӣ 
Сȥ̰ѽฮóҽ 
⣬ϵģ̫ô˰ɣ 
ʲôҲУ 
ˣʲô˰Ҳ˲Ҳȹˣߣ߻̫ˣᵹùģ 
λ͹٣лú˵˺ 
ƹģôҲܹܣιҵùˡҾʵһ㣬̴ȥ٣ߣ˵꣬ҵһ۾ˡ 
ϻطܾñŤǸƭӣƭҵǮԴȣҰףߣʲôǵģӦðץȥ١ôûץأϲⰡ֪ô¹٣Ӧȥٰˣ´αһúʰ 
Ժأ˯ˡ 
ôô۰ѵΪһ죬£ 
۾ǰľҽг




ұ(2)


ʪķ䣬һա
ʲôطϢóһۣұ˹ҩȻ˰ˣ
찡ʲôż찡˼ҩ˶ӵĻϰҲûбҸùĻ˰ɣ
ͻȻŲٽסҳ
ҿ˹Ҳ֪ʲôԲ˵һߵǰ˵ˡ
ǣʲôˣҰʲô
㶼ɽ
ɽɽҪʲô
磬㿴ôã
ʱһ˵˵СѾͷƬӣϻͦǮġǴİ
ɽǾȻҰң֪˭˵϶ǣ
һ˵һȺ˶ЦˣǸ˵ǣǺð㵹˵˵㵽˭ҵҪܲǣ
ǽʡұ˵ǽʻʵۣǽŮʡɻ˻ȥ룬֪ҵʵݣˣͻɽ˴ģɱңٳû췴ǿôǺãԣҲ֪ǻϣ
ʲô
˭Ҫ㣡Ҳ㣡Ϊ˰ȫҲֻˣ
Ǻã㲻˵Ҫǻ취˵ģ
ʲô˼ѵҪ̣Ҫ
һ˶ˣﷴˡ֪Ҫʲôĥң
һһС޵һ뷹˵ǴģԵ㣡ˣ
ʲôأû˵Ǵ󵱼ҵģҪҰߣ
Сˣ߻죺ߣͷӲ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҰϸһ£ղǸ󵱼ҵ˵˭˵ϺǮûǮô֪˭˵أѵ¶ˣû˶𣿿ʲôʱ¶أ
ˣˣ
Ǹɵˣһǣ
ҼǵҰθʱҵĶ˰죬У϶ᱨң˵ұ̫⣬˻ᵹùģǻ˼ˣ
ǣڸôأҿǽ룬Լ̫ˣҪǵʱһ㣬빬ߣҲͲô൹ùˡڵãϵǮûˣɽϣô찡飬ȾҰ֪ˣ֪ˣԺ󲻸˻
ţұ˯ˡ
ιһѣ۾ǸͷСýأ̵ģСҲߵ
ιʲôң㲻ǲǣ
ëѾͷҸү
ʲôôÿ˶һëѾͷԼǲǰᣡ
ٽһëѾͷ벻ջƣ
ҹʲôأߣǴʻأ
ʻΪ˭й٣ߣҼԸرѺȥǸɽͷӡ
һɽ棬Χģû⣬ߵǽϵѣм̨иλƤ͵ݵһǣһ쵽Ҳµ÷ʪ
ǵĴ󵱼ҵʯ棬ңСѾͷ㡣㵽ǴģôϻôǮ
ҴģʲôϵûǮְʲôˣƾʲôңߣ
ð㣡컹ͦӲҪǲ˵ùӳԣ
ιǰҰҪʲô
 
 
ǸɽͷЦ˵ҪʲôӺú밡ӦòѲ°ɣ 
롣ɽˣ޷ͼǮΪǮдţҵݲͱ¶˵ܸ˭дܲдĸϰɣ̫ˡ֪Һ͹йϵ϶ϴһʣô׵طߡдǿ϶ֲӦô찡 
ôˣ³ûа 
ôô죿ˣȺ̫ȭһһ˵:ûв³лֱ˵˼Ҽҵģ˵ҪôĨǵİ 
ΪǮ 
Цߣ翴ˡ 
ɽϵĵǵҪԷλСӻǮģ£ɢɢưɣ˵ôüҡ 
ΪɽɢƣߣѣҵǮǽյѪǮܸҽɽã 
˵ûǮЩǮҲթƭģҲǲ֮ơ 
ʲôһ󾪺 
Ǹ󵱼ҵڵ϶Ц˵Сƭˡ˵һҪȥ٣ҿСʲôС㶼ʶͱˡ 
ȻǴ󵱼ҵģ͵µС޾ǲһʵëģҪ򶨡ΪֻҪһһ£ˣǿװЦ˵󵱼ҵĺûȫ˵ԡҵȷʲôƭӣǴĴƭӴС͵ЩϸȫǴЩ߹ٵļ͵ġһ͵Ǽ˱вǡҲʶЩ߹١𣿡 
󵱼ҵĳĬһ˵ȰѺȥ 
ֱСѺ˴Ρ룬ǹˣɿ϶ɲ˶áǸ󵱼ҵĿɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣƭһʱƭһҸô죿 
ţϸһǽŲŲôôѵǡ 
Ŵˣ 
㡭ҸҪУֻƣʾұ𺰽Сҵͷ 
ϣ㻹ðɣû˰ 
ѹ˵ãû¡ôˣôİ 
˵˵أһߣǼˣ㲻֪ﶼ췭ˣ




԰,תɽկ

˵ԲˣֲǹģΪ͹鳳ܣﷳƵĺܣɢɢģ˭֪ôù鰡
ϣԺҲôˡ֪һߣķ𣿡
֪ͱѵˣ߰
аϡ
˵ʲôΪʲôǲҪ
ϣ𼤶˵ꡣ΢˼ǣȰ΢ɽ֪ͨٸɱɽԽȳȥҲ˳ɽȫ£
ŶǣһҪһ㰡ȸǴܻͻ죬ɲܻ̫áһУǻ˺Ʊģ
ġ΢һȥٻأ΢ˡ
һСİ
˵꣬ʩչṦ˳ȥ
һˡˣҪҵĻ˰ɡ
ȻҵǸС߹˵Ǵȥʻأ
ô죿һҪ뾡취ʱ䣡ԣʱ䣬ȴС޿ʼɣҲ취ˣ
ҲǸСޱҵ·һ˦˵ʲô㲻Ҫһ׽ҰȻʣƽ׽ˣɽĶ˰һСޣôῴѾˣľʦ֡
û㶮ʲô˼վﶢҡ͹ˡִľ̨ʣҽѵѵģ
죬˵롭
˵ҲУҲΪұܵлˣûУһ㶼ûУ
óһۣҷˣ
ұǴ󵱼ҵǰڴ󵱼ҵĸǰһ󣬾ˡ
ǸɽЦЦؿңʣСȰˣСʵʵػشҵ⣬Ƥ֮Ŷ㣬ʲôʲô
˵ëѾͷԱһС޻
һǽһëѾͷһ˵˭ǻơԣջƣջƣ
ջƣʲô
ҽлƷ࣡ǶĻƷɺã
Ʒɺ裿ʲô
ǻͷ󽫾
߽ô꣬ôҲû˵
˵ʶ̰ɣ׻˵ɽвһգǧꡣô˶ɽʲôͲ֪ѽӦóȥߡܾʡ
ȥߣ
е㷴Ӧϣ㿴㣬ʪɽţʪңҲӦòơ㿴ڣ㲻֪˶ҸƼһҩùҩ¸иƸ߸Ƭ߸ƬˮζһƬȥƬ㿴ңһ¥Ѿ
ʲʲô
Ҳóȴ˵лУ㿴ЩˣխǰɣܲģҪñ֪Ű˵ˣȥڳ¼ׯʶһվǮۣͯҽܸ㣬ٶһɣ
Ƕ
԰Ը˵˵ô֪Ըأ˵ԸҲȥ㲻ԸƫƫҪȥҽ㲻Ըɣѵ̫Ըˣ
 
 
ˣˣΪҲ֪ʲôøʵ 
𰡣ѵв𣿲ôҲҪԣ֮Ͼϡ 
˵㲻Ҫ˼ô׺òðΪҾͻ㰡Ŵİ 
ҪٲʵɾͲˡ 
ҿЦЦӣﻹеëëġŭ˺Ʊɣǵģ֪ͺһˣҪӦʲôٱȰѻϾȳȥ˵˷˵һعҲˣ 
ôٱ뵽ȥ˰ 
һҪӲͦţ˵Ҹ㣬㲻ҪŻˣвûõġѾ˵ˣֻǸͨͨСëǱС׼ףҪǮȵ컹ѡȰǻİɣϿɽȻҸ确ͷ󽫾ˣǿɶûкùӳԡDoyouunderstand 
ʲôʲô 
ˣû˵顣 
Ͳɱ㣿 
룬ʵҲɱңСʱ¶ʱҲǣڲһˣǻϰ˽ô죿ô죿 
ֲӣֻüƴڻ˵ɱңҵȻˡҵĦׯ԰ûɽҲֻһ룬ô¸רһûĵĵӰӾҲûпǼҿɰεĿϵĴҲûпǵɯʿڡķءе𣿡Tobeornottobe,thatsthequestion.ǣ滹Ǹ⡣νֺΰֺοࣿҲ˭ 
˿ĭɤӼ˵һĻǰûϧֱʧȥ˲źĪʹĪڴˡܸһεĻĻһ˵ҪӡҪһޣϣǣһ꣡ 
˵ʵҶԼҼֱ̫в˰ȻܱôĻҶôĶ԰ףǸ޵дŰ 
Цû˵ɡͷʲôʱҰǰأһȥͳְߣʲôˣһЧʶûУҪǰĹ˾ϰ߰˻ˣ 
ͻȻִеĺôֻеԣҪֻĻҸǴ绰߷žokˡ 
,ͻȻűײ,ҿ˾Υ.֪˷ܻи,˹ȥ.




Ǹ

,Ѿˡ
ΧܶˣǶڡˣ۵˵ϣˣɰǼˡ
СϽң˵Բڰ䣬޵Ĵ޲Ӧôԣ͵͵ܳȥǵġ
ϣ֪һߣ췭ظǽһߵĻʵۣʦ˵
ˣѾ֪ˣǾͱΪˡһҿѡ
ҿ֪˵ʲôáǺһܣȴ˺ǲƽ
ҿϸոҪϢǻ°ɡ
飬ȵȡҲؽס
ͷܲãͻȻִҸоڴĮطˣ˴ܿɳ͹¼ţͬȪһᡣ
΢ȾȸˡҪúϢ˵꣬˶ˡ
鿴ˣתҴߣ˵ϣҡ
Բ𡣡
Բ𡣡
ͬ˵
ϣңȴĺѹȻֻж̶̵ļ첻ڣҾ˻һ˵ܴϢҾͷˣҪȥ㡣ˣ˵ȥҲֻ鷳һֱԲѣ˵ǱɽȥҵĶˡϣҪиʲô̵ģǳǧ˰
飬Բ𡣡ˣҲ֪ΪλѹҾ̲סҪᡣ
˵飬𡣶ҵĴ̫ˣҵʱֻ˺Լܳʵֻȥתתɢɢľͻû뵽ᷢ¡ʵȥҾѾˣ񣬲䡣ұܵɽկʱ򣬱ķҶҪˡʱͦ㣬Լ룬ı˺ƱˣԲľǽİˡ
ϣ㲻Ҫˡͨ£ǶӦףʲôһԣҪȫ֡
֪㲻ҪٽѵˡѾ˵ˣͱ˵˼죬ͲҰ
ЦˡҷЦܺÿζȻһЦô⣬ܺء
ҵȻˣҪˡ
ҲЦˣñط꣬ҿţҸоܺáһӶ
ڶ죬ϡȻоûӣϾˣֻӲͷƤϴ󡣲ϴĻϾľҲ˰ɣǺǣ
ڰ䣬֪޴ˡ̫ԣ빬ߣû뵽գ޵Ĵ
ϣùˡȻѾȥˣȥˡ˵
ϣֻҪԺôԾˡϣ֮ףΪӦΪһʡϣԺΪֿǣҪôˡ˵
֪
һһأ˵е㲻˼ˡѾϴˣ¾˰ɡ
 
 
磬Ҫ¡ǵģ빬찡ѹô£ۣ֪ͲҪߺˣҲǣ㲻ʰһ£ҵĸ 
ϣ 
Ŷʲô° 
ϣ΢ġ 
ʲôﰡ 
΢ȼ٣û϶ɡ˵ž͹ 
Щ˿ȻǻϣһֱûоұǸߵȶ٣ҲûҪ˭ôһ쵽ǳģ 
˵òãûдⶼ޵Ĵ˽ܳͷ˹еĹأ޻Ҫ취ֲأ㵹ãһһģô찡 
ϰ΢ 
۾ģҪˡҲ룬е֡ 
Ҹо鲻ԣĻ˵㲻˵ˣӦõǸޣϳʱҲϴˡͲðʲôζԼˡȼй޻Ӧúúأ 
ϣ΢ͣȻ΢͸ˡ 
ˣرζ 
ʵҴҲȲѡ֪鵥ҵ޹ģҲ֪Һ˵Ļ϶Ҳˡףղŵӿ϶Ҫ˵ЩĻҴˡҲǲҲԼҡֻҲῪֻۣѹҵĸС 
ԣҺ˵ˣҾһӣ




ִ

ڶ,á̲һ㱨Щɽ˵Ĵ⡣
Ϊ׵ļɽ˴̣ĴԼšĻ㱨Ҳܲζ
˵ȻǰˣҲһвѵĿԡ룬ҾʵԣĻ˭Ըȥɽأڰ䣬ǿǲǿԸһ£
˵ϣ΢ǲΪá
ʣΪʲô
ϣ룬Զ˵ĿݾǶ˵ǣɽ׸ģƣôұ֤´βٷأȻȲѣǣǻôΪǲٷǶϰģͷҲֻϰհһƬ´ʡ
룬˵ҲܶԡǣôõĻʵۣû˭ء
˵һʴȡԹľ£ɱǱΪһʵǻ֮˿ɱ䣬ϳΪǴᷢ䡣
Ļ˵ĿˣҸ˵ʲôʦ˵˴Բ졣ղŹشҲ˵ˣһвģܺĿǽİհǰܵǻϣɱݣٴѾʴˡ˵ΪϣΪ˰գҲϳǡ
ʦѵһһʴ֮ģϳΪǲɱΪá
ڰ侲һ޵뷨һԻʵ£˵ҪðԵҪǰޣ˵ᷢ䣬Ҳиж֮ģ˵Ժ󻹻Ϊһأ
򲻿ɣʦԣϣǲٳǵıԣǸı䲻˵ģôǷŻɽаٺһ棡ʴǶԵģֻô˵طӦڰϣЩҽǿϡ
˵ʦ˵ûϣ뵽жٰձǻ,Щϰհɡ
⡭ùʵ
ϣǳݹЧٴԼҲٰ˵
ɣймҹ棬ӪȻоӪĹءȥֻҾӪܻҽΣȥúõפر߽˵˽ͨҽԣ
ŪҲ֪ǺˣĳǰҲûһϵʻҸôƽϢĳأ
ˣˣ˵ּȥ߽أЧٷնɣ˳
˵꣬Ҿ;ˡ
Ҳ֪ԲԣӦѧ᳢ԡ
³,鷿,Сһ,˵ϣһֳ֪˰ɣȵ㶫ܻܰ𰡡
ЦСġ˵Ҫһͺˡ
ϣô˵Ƕūһ˵ʲôʲôĻǲ֮𣿡
ҵͷ˵Ҳǡ
Сºһߺȸһ룬ӦòżȻ룬ʮʱҲǽ಻𣿿ڳĸߣʦƺҲԼĵʹ޵ľǵ֮ٹҵͳĸ涼ǵ֮以ɵġ
ˣʦ඼
һ˶ˡ
Һ˿ˮһ˵λ䣬޽Ϊϵ¡֪ǶԼĿۣǣϣܶΪ࿼ǡȻ棬ûڽҲûܹΪʴܵĽҲŬӦҵȻͳҲʷҲú֪ܶ࣬Ǵ֮ɵġȻĴ󳼣޲ϣСһһԣϣ޵ͳһΪΪһЩʵ£𣿡
΢ͨͨ˵
ΣҲҪϴýʲôأýС˰ɡ
ҳ˷һɢ
ֻǰϣ
 
 
Ŷ⣿ 
ԶԶؾͼ˹ߵݣﻹ˵ţܲμʽ㣬ʽ밲ˡ 
Цˣ˵ϣǵСҲôĹˣӿɽҲ 
˸ͤ¡˵ޣ𣿡 
ǣʽ㣬ϣٳ 
ٳʲô˼ 
ʽ㲻Ҫᣬûб뷨ֻһЩ飬Լܲռһүλȴʲô¶ñ˵ʬλز͡ 
Цˣû뵽СһﻹµģǴˡ˵ܣ뷨ܺãҲܸˡСӦöѧϰЩ֪ʶٳһ㣬޾£˵òð 
ʽ㣬֪Լ಻㡣ʽҲһ߲һѧϰĲ𣿻ʽҲŻص಻ãȴܰ鴦ĺܺáԣʵȥѧϰһѧϰһ߻۾顣һ˵ 
Ȼ޺úÿǿǣ𸴡 
ߺңϣòʲôͼɣ 
ô᣿һСӼҼҵġ 
΢Žϡ 
ҿ֪˵ʲôˡ֮䣬ͷҪŪôȨĻһõĶ




ǹ

糯ʹ¡
ʣ£ڰҲ˵һЩɡ£ڰʲô𣿡
ʦ˵΢Ϊ˾áǿ֮ģǱҲϣܹͷءȿԶҲ԰Ϸǽѡ΢ͬ
΢Ҳͬ˵
ذ䣬ôˣ˵µġ
ûʲô΢Ҳͬ
ϳͬ⡣һﾪд󳼶ˢˢؿңҲеܳԾȻ˵ʲô΢Ž֮ĻֻܾǸӡȻҲԺжȨʲôĿܣܹס
Ϊʲôǳʦʡ
һʰҶеëˡʦôֵֹġ
ϳ볪ֻΪѡǵĳԶһģʼǣⲻʲô಻Ųæ˵
λңֻһ飬Ժ˵ǻʲôҪ𣿡ҿղԣͲ˻⡣
ϣϳҪϡ˵
Ǹ㲻ôˡ˵ˣʲô뽲ɡ
΢ڳΪټʮ꣬Ȼʺͻ϶ϳչмӡϳмֻǣϳ˥ʵûа취Ϊҡԣϳϻ磬Ͽ
ʲʲôǹ٣Ҳš
ǣϳϻˡϿ
վһӣ˵˳
߻غ󹬣ôö˶˵ΪʲôҪǹأһڣΪʲô
˰ޡ
һϣ

ϳμϡ
ҿһۣ˵СӣŴϣ޺˶ԡ
С̫ŴϣҶ˵ˣɡ
΢ּ
һֱһˣϣʵʵ˵
ּ
ʵʵظޣΪʲôҪǹ٣Ҫ˵ʲô˥֪ǲġ޲ϣ˵ʲôûʵɣֻҪ˵ʵ˵
⡭
£ұ˵㲻ҪйǣԭǺΣ޶¿ǵġ
 
 
໹ǲ˵˱˵ˣ㲻Ҫ£޴ûһ˼ֻҪһ滰ˣʵôҲӦǣ޹ûʲô𱰵ĸÿθϥ¹޶ܲȻȻҲԳơޡȻҲɽꡯǣ޵ûоǱ޵һȡһֱǺƽȵģ𳤡𣿡 
ϣ΢һλʴȵĵϳȻʸеοϣ˵ϳǹٵȷ⡣ֻĿǰϳ˵ơ 
Ҿȵʵ˵ƣʲô˼ 
ϣϳϳûҪϣҲûҪࡣ 
࣬˵ѵҪޣҪࣿ࣬㵽֪Щʲô׷ʵ 
ϣϳѾ˵ˣʱ˵ƣϳֻţϳһƬġ 
డ㲻Ҫ˺òãʵЩӣԼԼҲܸоһЩ顣ǽʳкܶ಻Ϊ֪ܣȻʲôĿǰû뵽޿Կ϶ǣЩֵֹ鶼ûô򵥣ܸӣǹϵ޻н࣬𣿡 
࿴˿ң˵ϣǴҲЩطԾ˰ɣʲô˵ʵϳҲǺϳͻһҲֻʵظоһЩû֤ݡԣϳǹҲֻһڣϳ̫ߣһĲʵϳ˵ǹ٣ĿľǲЩǵ顣Ҳͽʳйء 
Ǻãࡣ㣬Э̲ࡣҪıܡ˵ţҰһӵݸ 
ӹӣ˵ϳּϣϳˣౣذҪģϳĳӣڱְϳڵʱᰵб 
Цˣллˡףһ˳ʲôĻ֪ͨޡ 
ϳ֪ϳˣעⱣԼ»϶ӿǰУҪƴȨ 
ˣҲǣעⰲȫ 
ϳˡ






ϳ˵ϣ޾׼ǹٻ磬ꡣ
ҿûʲô̫ķӦҼ˵Σǹ£޾ǣְԶ
ʦ˵Ӣ
ּ˵ٴΣǹڹλĵ
¶ʱɧҾ֪ġһλԱʣϣ֪ôλ
˵θ߹ְɣɰ˵Ӧ飬ҹ˲Žȱûаְǣƿһµ˲ţԣھΡ
ʣΪΣ
˵νΣ˵ǰһְΪ顣ơοƾٲˣͨʵϰˣͰŵػְ𣿡
ʦ˵΢Ϊд
˵ˣѾˣҪ˵ˡ
ʦȵؿңֿ飬û˵
˵ǹ٣һְʱȱˡĿǰιԱΪࡣ
˵ϣǲȱٵһְ
˵ΪҲֻ֪ǣǸϵĴе߹ְһҪһ¸صԭ˷Ҵǹ٣Ŀǰûз˭ܹʤδְġôڰΪԼʤδְ𣿡
µͻȻͰˡ
˵ҲҪиͷԣһְʱţǣΪ˷ЧƳĹƶȣ衮ʡһְݶࡣڰ䣬Ǿ˭Ƚʺأ
˵꣬ʹʹɫϣëԼվ޶ԡʵְҾֲ˼ֱô˵±˵ƫ̻װɵ㶣ˣ
ʦܹҵ˼,˵΢Ϊش˿Եδְ
һ֣˵΢ҵ΢ѧǳôҵʡһְ
˵˲ŽȱӦԼ
ʦ˵ǰشˣαǫأ
˵΢ûеιʡһְԡ
˵ûô޲Ҳͷһ⵱ʵ𣿡
ǰش˰³ȣ侲ԵΡ
һһ䣬ҲƴǣӦˡ
ּл
УǰճһЩ⣬ǸΪڰĲǶôҵȻɽû̫ˣ˵޻кܶûпĶ޾ߡ
ϣ˵ʲô˼
㶼˵ˣҪ΢˽áңǰһӣ˽ԳҲ㷸˹ĹأҲһγͷɡ׻˵ӷͬҲǷˡ
΢˽ãһ󾪺
ߣϵˡ˵ҲûдΪϣȷʵӦʱ̹İ΢˽ú
ϣ뵽΢˽ð
ǽǵܱ߰ɡ飬㰲һ΢˽õ·߻г̣ȻޡУ޼Ȼ΢˽ãͲܴĵأһй¶Ҫ΢˽õϢγõ·ߣֻԱ֪й¶㣡ڰ䶼𣿡
ּ
˳
ϣͤϣ
ɡ
ǰߵݣ˵ܲμʽ㡣
㻹ô񰡣ʲô£
ߵлʽ㡣
 
 
ллʲô 
ʽ㣬ǰų񲿹ְ˰ɣ 
˵껹Ƥգգۡ 
Цˣ˵Ŷǵüǵãôô㰲ŵİ 
ػʽĻܱ񲿣ƹܼ¡ 
Ŷ° 
ǡ 
Ǻܺð㹤 
ϣش 
˵պôһ 
ش˵ͻϽһ˵ 
һ˵飬ʲô°صġܣţȥȥ˵Ҿˡ 
΢μϡ 
飬ʲô° 
ϣй΢Ѳ¡ϣЩˣ 
Ҳ˼˵ѾˡֻȥˡҪţ֪𣿡 
鿴ң˵ϣˣǲ̫˵㡣Ҫٶ˰ɣȫ 
׼ˣ




׼

ػϣ΢׼Ůĸһ̫ҽУһЩɫػ㱨ȴ֪Ҷ챻ըˣ
飡㣬ҪްҪ΢˽ãΪȥ۹ΰǹĦŵȥزι۰㣬޵ģʹˣ˵
鲻˼ЦЦ˵֪ˣҵĻϡɻؿ˳ָķҿСأǺǣС⣬ˣ
Һ͹һЦᡣ
˵̫ˣȥɣ׼ԽԽá
΢ˡ
˺һصͤʵܰǲǺϲС㰡
һͺˡ
ҽ˵Ҫϲʽȥ̺㣬ô
Сһæ˵ϣ⣬̫ðɡС̷Ѿϰˣ˵ϣңҡ
ô찡ܣ˼ҲͬŶ
ʽ㣬ûʲôСŻͦõġ
ˣװˡôˣСŮˣҪ̺š˵
ǣôأ
ЦСѵһŮҿͦģɡ
ּ
ڶ죬˵г·ߵ¡һݵͼҿָŵͼ˵ϣ΢Ϊ΢˽òԶСһ򲻰ȫ˲ơԣ΢ݵͼƶ·ߣ
㽲ɡ
ּϣ㿴Ǵӽǳһ·ߣ;أïأȻתݸ·ߴӺݸ;أأԽأӲصǡЩ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
ҿ飬˼תһȦ
Ҳô˵ɡ
Ҳá޶Խ಻ôϤ˵ôôˡҲܹϤΰɡ
Ǻã΢ȥš
õġ
ƶ˳·ߣҰѳк°һ¡ɹʦʱ֪ôţܾõĲԣҽĳӷ²븨֪ʦܻ᲻ˣΪҲûа취ҲΪ˽࿼ǡҸڶ䣬ҲܲҲǻɹʦҲǻֻ࣬ǻǣơҲõļ
ϣңǲǲס
ôˣʲôװ
°ʦΪ龫ǣôǰ˲𣿡
飬𣿡
ⲻʡֻǸеƽ˵˵
飬ôĵӡΪ𣿸еƽ롮·ƽһ𣿡
ϣ˵ʲô
ûʲô˼,Ҳǲιʦ.ֻ,㲻ðдȨȫһе㲻𣿺οѾǹ٣ʡָȥ΢˽ãôܰе鶼һƸʦأ𣿡
Բ𣬻ϣ΢Ƿˡ
飬޲Ҫ㷢ֻǣЩ飬ô򵥡㲻ò෽ȥǣ𣿡
΢ס
޸ղ̬Ҳ,ȥ
ôػϣ΢ȥġ
ȥú׼Ϣһ¡Ҫ׼ˡ
΢ס΢ˡ
ûһҪҡôˣô£ǲԼ˰
ʣôˣҲʲô𣿡
ػϣ΢Ҫһ
ʲô
̯֣ҿһѾµذסֵؿ˵ذ𣿡
Цǵġ
㣬ذ׸ʲô
ϣذ΢Լģ΢͸ϡܹЯԷһ
Էһʲô˼
ϣ΢˽ãôģԾûа취õٸıҪԼԼһ·֪ᷢʲôŹֵ顣һذףҲñ˵ʲôʱóأ˵
 
 
ҽӹذףЦлл㰡ΪˣΪôࡣĿϸ 
лϿ佱ôϸνҪǻİΣǿˣҪúϢ 
˵ˡҲúϢȥɡ 
ߺΪһУ˵ĸж飬ллˡ 
ҳˡε˳ˣ 
ڻʹſڸ˴ǡ 
һعͷĻʳǣʼҵ; 
˵һ·֪ʲôȷѪأǣһҲ£εǾһ̧ͷͦأźĲˡ 
ھʣ 
Ź΢˽ˡ 
һ·ᷢЩʵĹ£ǻЩˣֻӭľĥѣ 
Ǵӱһһεذվ 
ȥãʲô 
Ů빬󣬹ֻᷢʲô΢ı仯Щ仯ͽʲôĹϵ 
Ůֻôأ 
עϮ֮ڶ΢˽üǡ 
һ




¶ɽ

ǰʾ
Ϯ֮һŮʡ
ִеĹ¶ʳ֪ԼʳΨһá
˽ʳŮʡ
Ůʺ龫ǣһûʵۡʱسĴ󳼹飬֮˸ӵǹϵ
һγһ¶ⲢΪ
ǣΪŮʵȻеΣʷжδţ⿴̫ƽʢı󾿾Ŷıɱ?
ʣȥࡣ
Ϊ˽յЧ¹Ŵ΢˽á
ڶ΢˽ü
ʮһ»˽ü
1 ¶ɽ
ϳģ·ͼӦȵء̣ڰҪϵµ
󱿱·ٶȹƵĿһ㡣̫ҪɽˣǻҪһɽͷܵ飬ΪǶǲذ֪˭ɣǺǣ
شˣĹƴǿҪ¶ɽˡ飬ε˵
ϣԲˡ΢
û¡Ҳ˵ˡǾպһɡ˵Ҳûбİ취ˡ
ϣһʲôأҪǧУ΢취ܲҵ˼ңһ˵
ߣ֪żˣ⻹ҪлļأҪǹشͣǻ˰ɡܲΪס˼ңҺͻϸҹ·ɣ
ôܲڷȥɣʡ
Իͷݣú߻ͷ·ȥô£
㲻Ҫô˵飬϶ǹġȻˣҲֻպһˡ
ңԸ˵ϣ֪̻شˡ֪ҽˣϻ᲻̻ң
һ䣬˵Һ鶼ΡҲоˣæ˵ϣ΢ûб˼ֻǵĻϵİȫ
õġҺһͺ̤ʵУҪĿˡҪһһϵؽУᱩ¶ݵģ𣿡
ʣγƺ
ͽɡ
ǻһ½δպϱȽʵһЩɣ˵
鿴ң˵⻹𣿽û˯ãֵࡣⲻ𣿡
ʣôϢð
ǲ¶ɽ֣ҲӦȫ˯¡һиʲôأ˵ɽҰģиʲôô죿ϣǰ֮ѵϴڲ̵ڿջסŶϴ̿ͣοĽҰģ˵
Ǻãɡϣˣ˯ֵࡣҹ㡣ϣȸҵĴ°ɣˡ
ҿǰˣеůġ
ҿ׼ǵȼѣĺܸжǸ¶һοԸΪôµôģҾܳĸоһжݼš
 
 
̵ġϣһ˯ڻǰĹ飬أҲ۾ 
ϣһΡμҺһԴˡӢͷס·һжˣûлλûΣû̫ķ¡ֵֻس衣 
ϣѣǸ·ˡ 
˯ʵأˣ 
ϣٲϿ»Ҫ˯ĽҰˡ 
һʹӵϵҺ˯棬ֻǲΪҹˡ 
ѻϨһ·ͳˡ 
ɽʱǰ棬ں档˾ǲһ̾ 
ˣܲһ㣿ܸϣǸŮӣô찡鱧Թ 
˵Բ𣬻ϡ΢ġ 
ЦûµġǸ߹𣿲Ҫٽһˡ΢˽ãвǵڸߴǿҶáޡƺˣҲĸĿڰɡ 
ǣһעġ 
ڵȦġ 
ɽ·ȷʵֶֻ߰һֱҡƺܿ󣬺ܺʵҸеܰġʱػͷǣӦСġҿںڵģ֪Ըң֪ô˵ǲһĥ 
ǹͬŬҪɽˣɽ͵ˣ 
ҪˡܿˡȵҸջϢ˵ 
ûµģҲǺۡ˯úܺáӦúúϢء 
ãһ·㡣 
ʾһ򣬻ᷢʲôأ֮ʲôìأ






ܿ죬һ˵
ӺСϱֹᴩС򣬽ṹ¥һС㷱֡˺СԼ顣
һܺгС
컹磬ȥջҾͺڴй䡣Ҳܷʲôء
·СԵ̯ңʣ
ڴҲһͷһԭǶ˰ЦЦ˵ԭ˰
ң˼ЦЦǸŶ
ǾͳԵ㶫ɡ
СԵʲô
ʲôСʲôͳʲôɡˣǸȥһЩɡҲʲôûء
ҿɫͻȻòˡ֪Լһ񲻸˵Ǿ仰ûʵ
شڿջôˣôš
ô˵ѵԼʳͲٸͬţΪ˽Žᣬ𣿡
΢
ûʲôֻ㣬˽ãȻ֮⣬Ҵϣóǿֵġ𣿡С˵
סС㣬ǳԵ㶫ɡô
УʲôС
ǳ˵ӣִȥһЩ飬ڿջ˯أǰϰˣȻûá
ҿջСջҾˣôЩջͽʲô¡ʢҶҪˡְܻܲô£
ûд¾ûпѧķչûпѧķչûмĽûпѧĽûǰĶѧǵһ仰ȻûֲѾչȫ򻯡Ԫһ廯ʱټĵ򶼳һ塱ˣǽʳڷ⽨ǻǲడ
磬ǾúϢһ¡ҽϰˮúݸˮ衣ҽҲһ£Ͼɽ˯һϣһҲȥȥʪ
ͺٴһ㣬˵Ҫϴ裬ҪſΪվڡΣôǲ
СĵͿˣôʦڰɣôɡ֪ǵңûбҪ
ǣ֪ˡ
ˮպˡݸˮĺߵҰϴ裬ڹŶŶŶŶŶС飬öݣŶŶŶŶŶǱˮͧڵ档Ұϴ裬ƤúãŶŶŶŶŶԡñıŶŶŶŶŶܡ
ϴմ·˺УҸе֡
Ҵ**ţҲˡ
Ҳ˰ôˣ
ܳǷʲôˣΪ˰ȫȽȥɡҺ͹شȥ˵
蹫˵öԣȽȥɡȥ
 
 
˵Ҳû취ֻȻȥš 
һſжŵ߹ȥϸ 
ҪҪ˵ 
̹׵˵Ҳ֪Ѿˣ϶ᾪٸôСеϾͻᴫ˵ 
ǣҲϣ֪¡ѹԺùٸ 
ʣѹôѹ 
ȥ֪ͨٸݣȻǵԺٴ¡ô 
𣿡 
ʵȥˣôµʲôв֪Ҫ֪ͨٸѹȥߣˣ 
ƿţ˵˵ʲôأ 
һǶһ 
˵ҽ˵߽䡣 
ʾ򵽵׷ʲô飿Ϊʲôأʲô飿




̽(1)

˷䣬ڵϣ˫ֱǰ
ʣˣǸղ˵ĻҶˡʵʵض˵ȻͶ۾֮
࿴˿Է˵ϣȷˡ
Ҽæʣʲôˣ
һ
ʲôҾ
ΪԼˣҿصı飬Ҿ֪ˡô
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ڽֶ𣿡ʡ
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ϲҪż֪ˣ
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飬Ƥӵ³ܲʲô˵ˣȥֳɡ˵
Һ鵽˰ֳΧѾΧ˺ܶˡ
߽ȥһЩٸԱѾˡֳñȽϺãûбƻ
Ҷ˵飬Ƚȥ
ǡ
֧Χ˴һҲϵƹģкƽԵĺãû˵˭¹ԩ𡣼һһŮһλˡĸƣ㹤һ˷Ǻʵˡ
˵ƹ˺ܴȱֺɱǺֵ¡
ҾҲϵתת
߳˵һº𣿡
ȥǵ˰ֳƹĵʬڵذϡΧʬĶŮͷҲڣ޵úףĸҲѹ
ǣ˭һʬģ
ʲô˰
һͷȥһŹٷˡĵط˰ɡ
ǡ
ϴĻ˵пǸ̽
̽
ԣν̽ǰưṩ֤ݵˡҵ˵أҾͶưܸȤرϲ̽ϡԾڸԼ˸С
߹ͱͱңС˵Ҫʲô
Ҵ󷽷˵ҪʲôȻư˰ưͺúõذѾϸϸظ˵һ顣
ЩǹٸĹ˵ʲô̽ҲӦòֹٸ¡Ǹط˵
ҿ˿ذǸԱһߣ߶˼䣬ҿɫͻȻˣûˤЦˡ
Ҵֵʱˣ
˵ˣɢȺУٸԱҲҪʱҵĵǲڰûвǰкйص˶뿪Ҫ洫浽𣿡
ǸԱ߶µ˵ס
ǺãȥǲɢȺɡ
ҰѺƹйص˶˹˵ǶˣҪкйصĶң©һỳֻйصġ
СĻƹòסҲһ԰
ǣ˭һߵģ

ƹĵķˣ԰ɣ
 
 
ǡ 
Ǻã㣬ʲôʱߵģƹǰûʲô쳣ľٶ 
úõ˯Է˵̫ˣЪһҾûйܡΪ˱ʴæҾû룬ˡ˵ 
Ŷô˵ƹĻţ𣿡 
ǵġ 
˵˱ʴʲôأʡ 
үҪٰϲ£Ǹǧ׼ױ˵ĺ˲ǡ 
Ŷȥ֤¡ 
ǡ 
˵ɡҶϸ˵ 
ʵ˵Ȼ󣬵˿磬ȥˣҾ;֡뱻˴ţԼ˰ɡҲûйܡ磬Ҳýˣ͹ȥ˰Ҳû˴ӦҰѻǶҲú֣һײͷ֣֡ 
˵˵žͿ 
ȵȣղ˵ײ𣿡 
ǵġ 
ȻײģôҲ˵Ǵ淴ϵˣ 
ġƹĵĶ˵ȷʵǴϵġ 
Ƿģ 
ײŵڣﶼûжͺ㿴һǷƹˣܶ˶ھҲ˹Ҳ֤û˶ĶĶ˵ 
߽ȥԺӵͷֻһȴֵǣҲˣ 
ôģǻҵʲôǻᷢЩأ




̽(2)

תͷ˵ôô˵Ӿͳһɱ˰
ɱ˰
˵ľûҵжϣĵȷȷһɱ˰
˵ƹأҲ˵
ܣΪղ˵Ϣ˵ûôƻֳϱӴңĺۼ˵Ǿġڹۻ֧ͱ,ǿ,ϻкԵպء˵
˵Ҳе˵
ңٺúÿߵ࣬϶ʱµġԣҲŶ϶Բ⣬һɱ˰ղѾھǶˣƹǰԵĺãûк˭ԩų˳ɱĿԡ˵
˵Ҳǡ˵
ʱ˵ҸղѾȷϹˣƹȷʵүйһ⡣
ͶˡҸղڵתתҵ˷ǮׯƱݡҲ˵Ǵ󲿷ֵĽǮǮׯ档ıƺĻҲӦõȵǰⵥҲųıƺĿԡ˵
Ϊ˭أʡ
ڴҲû취شֻ˵ҵĿǰֻЩҪҵֻȱ֤ݡңһŬġ
ת˵ȥ߹ٸһҪֳУҵư֮ǰ뿪ҪٸǱ𣿡
ס
ϣһصջ£ҵķšҿһ
ǣôˣǲʲôµķ֣
ЦǵǡֻǾãϣĳˡ
ˣ˼ǣǰС
ǵģϡ˵ϣ쿴򶨵ı飬ʱŵԣľˡǰǸкܶ˼Сʵˡ
ԭǰİ
ǵģϡ
ˣϡ˵ҽȥҴһ顣
æʣʲô飿
˵ϵƹĲǺү׮ģ˵ҵСżҲԸޣֻǱεġЩˡ
˵Ŷѵ˵ʲô𣿡
̹׵˵Ŀǰǲܰе鶼ϵһ𡣹ؼҪҵ֤ݡ˵
˵û˵ʲôûãؼҪ֤ݡֻǣĿǰһͷҲһҿԿ϶ֵķΧ˵
ֵķΧͬ˵
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ϣΪʲôô϶
Ϊų˳ɱıƺ˵֮䲢ûʲô˽ǲԶ׼ԣһ߸˵УǾԴ˵ġңҵֱңǸүļºкܴĹϵ˵
Ҳͬϵ˵˵
ϣɫˣЪŰɡ˵
õģҲϢ
ˣһҪúñϣڿȫ˶֪ưʲô̽»Σա˵
˼ǣҲֻԻ֣𣿡ʡ
 
 
ǵġ 
ǲõһչ˺ԼġҪüԻ㣬ҾͲһͦסˡ˵չ˺ԼͿˣȥ˯ɣæһˡ 
ǸˣúϢ 
ߺ˺ܶ࣬ôһžЩ顣Ҳ֪γǲǳˣͷۣ 
ڶһ磬Ҿͱˡ 
æ·ȥţʣôˣʲô𣿡 
ûгʲô£شһϾͲˡ 
⻹гȥˣҾ 
ȱġӣ˵ǰ顣ܿͻǲҪġ˵žͰӸҿ 
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ƣ 
˵飬Ҳǵģ֪Σֲ书һʲô飬ô찡ߣ 
ֻĹش˰˵ 
ô˰㲻ˣʵĻҲܵĵģ棬˭֪ʲô飬òҪɢ𣿡ҽ˵ 
ĹشһҰɣֻ书ܱԼ 
ڿɲ˵ʱǻжҪˣҺú˵˵˰ɣ˵ 
뿪ΪʲôأǲǷʲôӻʲôչ𣿣




̽3

ûµģϡôԡ

Һæ緹͸ϵֳúúһµˡᷢʲôء
̫̫ûдɥ֮ʹнѳ
̫̫ˣҲưҪĵ¡Ҫ̫ѹƹھȪܹ֮ĵĻǺ𣿡
֪ˡ
ǣʣôˣϵƹĲʱ㶼ʲôأ
һֱǰ̨æүۣҾͰȶˡ˭֪⡭˵ţ
ˣȱġһֱǰ̨ôǰ̨ʱ˭ڣ˭뿪ǵ𣿡ʡ
ǵã˷뿪һΣܿͻˡС뿪һΣҲûж೤ʱ䡣
ûж೤ʱǶ೤ҽžʡ
Ǻܳ˵
ƣʣǺܳǶ೤
ҵ˼һɱ
ҡҡͷ˵Ӧò
أʲôطʡ
˶æҶӳȥˣŮһֱڷƣҲûгġ
ô֪ûгʡ
Ůһˣƽûʲôǲģң˴⣬ææģܶ幤ҪŮйǸòỳŮɣ̫̫˵
ϷˣġҲҪ˭ֻǣ֮ǰκ˶ԳΪɵĶ𣿡ҽ͵
ס
ǺãϷˣҪʵľЩˣȻȥϢɡ
֪ˣǸ̽鷳һҪ࣬ͷӱ𰡣˵žͿ
æοϷˣޡһ࣬ȥƹи
̫̫ߺˣСӣϷ˵뿪һʱ䣬ʲôȥˣ
ȥˣǰһԻ˶ӣӻܲء
ʣ𣿡
˵֪ǻңΪ뿪ʱ̫ˣǻô˵
뿪̫ã㲻ò𣿡
Сңʲôط԰
ղϷ˵뿪ʱӦòɱһˡȴ˵ȥ˺ܾã㲻ì𣿡ʡ
⡭еˡ
ҳʤ׷˵˵ӻȥ㣬粻ȥȥƫƫǸʱȥǺ𣿡
㡭һһס
˵𼱣ûб˼ʣû˵֣ʲô
˵ǣʲô
˵ô˵ȥɡ
ߺ󣬹ٸңҾ󿴼èƵġͰ͵˵ǸǸʣ̽еôˣ
˵Ŀǰûʲô̫Ľչʲôµķ𣿡
ְûʲôµķ֡
㲻ôţֲϻѵ㣿Ǽ죬ʲôµķһҪҡһͷ˵Ȼؿջȥ˵Ѿˡ
ǻصջ黹ûл
 
 
˵ȳԵ㶫ɡش˻ûµģһģҪġ 
ҲǣҲûðһ²ųȥġ 
򵥳˵㷹˵ʵûʲôθڡʱ򻹻θڳԶ극Һһ°顣 
˵ˣ̹׵˵ʲô 
Ҳֻ֪Ǹоֵֹġÿ˶ְ 
һ϶˵ѣҾСӺǿɡʲôҲ֪ 
ʣϣӦôأ 
Ҳɻһ㡣־ôƳһأƳҺôѵأڰǲ̫˵㣿ɻ˵ 
Ҳ벻ͨͲ±˿𣿡ʡ 
˵ԤıҲͿԴݲˡ 
Ԥı˵ƹĵƺ˹Ҫ𣿡ʡ 
ҵͷ˵ܡ 
ͻȻţվʣʲôˣ 
Ұ 
Һͬʱ˵飡 
ȥţȻ顣źϵĲͺȣ˶ûкˮһȹˣ飬֪֪ڸʲô 
Һ˵Բûǰǣǵġ 
㻹֪ǻᵣİֲһĺùֻǸû书ѣҪǿֵ߶ҲͲ˵ʲôˣǲӦе㼯Ǹ壬㵽ʲôô죿˭֯Լ̫ˣҪ̼֣Ұһͨ䡣 
龿ʲôȥˣºʲôϵֻʲôµķ֣




ˮʯ(1)

ҿһ˵飬㵽׸ʲôȥ˰֪֪Һൣ㰡
Բ𣬻ϣˡȥΪ˲һ¡
æʣʲô£
ȥ²ϵЩƶˡ
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˵СǰүﵱҵС㣬СҲеǸ˼үȻǲͬ⣬ԾͰˡȻ͵˶沼ϵƹļҵơЩˡ֪Щûá˵
ʲôã˵˵أϣ
ϣôˣ
ϣ˵ң˵
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ɵҡôҵأ
ǰ֪ôңԶҲƲ˰
ѽͷۣͷ
۵ץҵ֣˵룬ż
ͷۣ˽кΣǲֳʲô˰Ͳͣһ
˳ſԭǿջƹСء
㿴㿴ϵͰɣǲס˰ɣ˵ôɣɸʲô㶼ģ㻹벻ˣɾߣ㲻Ǯǲǣƹ߶߶
СΨΨŵŵ˵Բƹġ
˵ԲʲôðʲôȥˣȥǸӣҸɡ
¥ʣôˣƹģôĻ𰡣
ƹЦ˵Ŷ͹٣Ϣ˰ɣӣϾˣ⣬ҾǵóͣͲ𣿿Ǽǲסˣ
ƹģˡ
ҿƹӰϣزͣԻš
ȵȣ
Ҷƹ˵ƹ,ӽһ¿𣿡
Ȼˣ,á
Ұϵһۣ˩ϣٳŴſһžˣһҲˣ
ԣ־ķҵģǣ֤أڻȱ֤ݰ
֤Ӧûڲϵ档һ
Ҷ˵ͳϵ꣬һֱҡ׷ҵ˵
ô˰
ûشֱӳƹĵķ䡣
飬ѵƵһ㡣˵
Ϊʲô
 
 
ˣ͵㣡 
ѵƵˣڴϸѰҡҰѵýһ㣬ԼԼһЩмһȻû 
һͷ飺ͣʬȥ 
ǣǡ 
ʲôҪʣ̴ҹȥȥȥ͵ط١ 
ǡ 
˵طٴμ飬Ҷ߶˼䡣ˣ 
̧ͷ˵λһȥϵɣҪ᰸ˡ 
һ˵˲ϵ꣬˿ϼô˺ǾȡַҲˣΪʲô¡ 
˵λˡΪӸи˽ʱˡ 
һʣ˵ҵˣ 
ʲôҵɱͷӵ𣿡Ϸ˵ 
ʱȺը˹һһ䣬Ƶġ 
һСѰˣ 
˭֪ʲôɱ˰ô׾ˣ 
ڴţɣ 
ˣˣ˵ˣ˵˾ˣǻʲôŵģԼ˭ȫ֪ˡ 
ǣô° 
ǵİ㵹˵˵ 
Сҵ䣬˵ϣа𣿡 
ġλַɡ 
Ҵ˵˰ֳ 
˵ڣҪ˵ηġ 
ֵأĶȷҵ𣿣




ˮʯ(2)

˵ʵַܼ򵥡ʱﱻһңôɱ˶һ˳أӱϿȷܡǣֻҪиӣܵ¾ͻɿˡ
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Ÿղڿջķϵϻۣ⽫ӿϣҰŹϣһžˣһӾԼˡ
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˵ǿⲻͳ𣿡
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û˵ҿͷͣض֪ˡһʧǧźް 
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Ц˵ָưǰ˯ˡ£ﲻܵʲôûзοӻƵأ˵أ 
Ҫ˵·ҪȥġԺ»أ㶼Ҫѧ̹ȻԡӦѧ費֪𣿡 
֪ҵɡ 
ϣͨ˽ܶúܶࡣ 
Ҳǡ 
˽ˡǻᵽأֻᷢʲôأ




ӻ(1)

뿪Ǽصķߡ
ǹҵɽһɽ߿һ㣬˯ĽҰˡ
ţԶһҺëϾˡҲСʱμǡˡһĳҲҪ档
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ҿⲻ˵ңڿ϶ȫŮӶҪѲһ飬ԣպ·Ҳװɣ
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˵Цˡ 
˵ϣֻһСѡν߻ʵԶܵõЩ£ 
Ǹδ£ɻᷢʲôֻʲôأ




ӻ(2)

һ仰˵ҺƣƵ黹һ͵Цᣡߣ
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˵öԣϢ컹кܶϷأ
ǣҺͺϴ˯еȣҾ˰ѣһģһѸҵࡣš
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ô죿ҲӦ֪Ȼһᵣġ 
Ǳ𼱣롣Ұο 
վɣͻȻðһ뷨 
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ʣϣʲô˼ 
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Уͬʱ󺰣һҿеĲˮȫˡ 
ұ߿ȱʣǣǺʲôǵġΪʲôôõİ취ôа 
ϣˣôܴأ˵ 
ǣҪͳ˽ʷΨһ޵Ļʵˡ˵ó 
˵ôôô˰ǣ벻ð취ˡǻôҡ˵ 
Ǵ˵⣬Ҳʲôð취˵ҿ⻹ֱء 
ǰϡŮεºܣͷأ˵һ£Ůôĵ𰡣 
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Żеһ˵ 
ûʲôһ˵ 
ǻӦĴ𣿽ֳֻʲô粨أ




Ůʴ(1)

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˵Ҫãʡ
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㻹ǻϰµǻĻϰˣоˣ
 
 
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ҸϽȥ˼ҷ˵˼ң𼱰ͺιģ 
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ޣʲôǵļƻᱻӦԣ




Ůʴ(2)

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һڶţôܺݺݵؽѵ
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ҹѧź˵ǻ˵˵ʲôװʲô˰
ɣߣʲôʱѧ˰ô첻ģ˰

λ㲻ҪϷˡһţҾͿˣ㲻Ǻɣźͷһܿ
룬ȻѾˣҲûбҪȥˡɴ࣬ҰѺͷһƣ¶ҵ®ɽĿ˵㶼ˣҲͲϷˡ
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Це˵Ҫˣû˻еһӢġר˼ǽ͵ĹӸ磬İɣͱҵסˣڰ˯أ
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ãᷢʲôأǻŮʵ𣿹ȥ𣿣






Ǳȥšǣҳô󣬻ûôأοһõһ֮찡Ҫ֪ǻϣߣֻһˣ
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飡ˣҺ 
ǰ棬滹һˡ߽ú󣬿ңˢˢع£˵꣡ 
˵΢ȼ٣ˡ 
˵ڰƽ 
һ°ˡǸԱߵǰ˵ϣ΢ 
ˡ£Ϳˡ 
ǣ΢ּ 
ǸԱߵعٸǰ˵ҹû϶ 
ع˰죬عͨһ¹ǰ߶µ˵ʻʻʻʻϣң΢øøøø 
ӹһ٣ǻôأôЩԵأ




뿪

ϣ΢΢ĸɥڼҶ꣬û뵽پȻգ϶
ˣˡֻЩļһ˹٣֪Ч͢츣գȻ̫ɺˣ˰Ƴȥնˣ˵
˵ҪնǣŵɫҰףʹظҿͷﻹһ˵
Ҷֻ˵󡣬㻹ǿȢŮ𣿣㻹ҿڳ𣿣ôĵӣ˳޲ظǻϵɷ𣿣
ŵֱ£˵ﳼﳼ
ҲԼҲãô죿ȻԼԼ޾ͳȫ㣡ƦåϳȥնˣҺ
ϼλ֮˿ɱ䡣˵
飬ҲҪʲôˣ£ö飡ϳȥնˣȻڱʬ죬Ծ
һ˹ȥ
Ǹ̰ˡ˵ү鰡
ϣ鰡
һӣ˵ߣ٣󡻹ɺޣٻǺ걳ϻԼмƷΣΪ׵ظ㣬ҲһգΪŰĹٸϳȥնˣ

Ĳɱˣ˵
شˣ飡ѵҲ𣿡
꣡
˽˻ص£Ҳ뿪ˡ
ֵ˲ӼҪʱˡҿɶӣܡҲ˵ʲôҸȰʲô
ϵ˵ϣλˣζǰæȻǿɾˡصİллΪǳһϣΪβգǺúôл
˵壬ǻҪȥĵطأΪճⱾҵķ֮£Լ£ûʲôллġ
Ȧعң˵ϣһߣͲ֪ԺܲٿˡһҪౣذԺʲôطõĵǵģܿڰ
֪ˣáһߣҲɽˮǣҴӦ㣬лĻһǵġңҲȥǿѽȥҹԣһԴھأ˵
ҿ˵ãȥ𡣡
ңһ¾ͺˡ
Ҵߴ˵㰡ɾûˣ
ҿߵǰ˵磬ҪذУչ˺ûϡУԼҲҪúõİСлĻһȥǿģ
֪ˡҲҪذʲôѴҡһ㡣
лл硣
⣬ҲϽҸ˼Ұɡ
һɫˡ
һ˵ʲôأ
Ҳе˼˼ЦЦ˵ãҪᡣֻҪ㿪ľˡ
֪ˡ
˵ǣǲҪˡȥɣԺлᣬһǵġ
˻صİգǼ·
ͻȻˡμǡҲΪճ˺·г̡
 
 
·ϣ飺ǻᵽ 
˵ǵïȥ·̣ǻȵ÷򡣡 
Ŷ÷ֺܺһ 
Ӧðɡϣһ²˵ 
ʲô 
Ϊʲô԰Լɽһ棬һЩˣͷɱأ 
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫ÷չ۹⿴⡣ЩɽԺضǶԹõġЩأԺҲ԰ʲôãɱһӰٵĻиĶԳֵġ˵ 
ϣҲһ²˵ 
ЦôǴͨǲǣ˵ɡ 
ϣΪʲôҪŮװأ 
Ǿ͸ˣΪڻҵݰ룬һУǵѾ¶ˣţһᴫúܿ졣Ҳ˵ܿҾͻ֪΢˽ˡҵİûܲҾͻװڻݰңװҲ̫Ůװһ𣬳ɺͳҽ͵ 
Ҳ֪߰˵Ƿ⽨⽨ģԼҲܷ⽨Ц 
ǰش˵Ķԡ 
ߣʲôⲻз⽨עִ磬ǣߣ˵ 
úúãǲͻ˰ɡ 
У 
Ϊʲôͬʱʡ 
ΪǵĳƺԺͽӰɣڣԺйش磬أϵܣȻᴩģ֪𣿡 
֪ˣӣ 
뿪أǰïءǵ÷򣬿÷𣿣




ʮ&nbsp;ï΢˽ü&nbsp;&nbsp;÷

÷ƺû÷Ҳ÷ļڡ
ˣ˸ӳԷ
Сˡ
ˣλ͹٣Եʲô
Ե㶫ˡ˵ɫС˰ɡ
λ͹۹⣬СɫһⷽԲﶼİǵɫ趹ѿС⡢㣬ԵʲôС˵
Ҳûʲôرİ˵
͹٣Ͳ֪˰ɣȻͨĲϣζҪȣ
˵⣬Ӧס㲻ҪΪˡңղ˵ǶҪ׷׼ȥɡ
ˣλˣ
ӣԤ÷ãҡ
ҪˡûʲôµĻҿߣµĻǾͲ֪ˡ˵
ӣˡֱԣҸо÷ֵֹġȻ˵ҾֲԤСΪΪİȫǻǾ뿪ȽϺá˵
ֵֹģֵֹģôûð㲻ҪɹԼŻԼˣòã˵
˵ǰ˵÷һʲô
黹û˵꣬С˵ˣ趹ѿС⡢㣡͹٣ãúƷƷС⣬Եһѽϲأ
˵ʲôʡ
λİɣ
ǰôˣʡ
÷򰡣һ÷̣ƹյ÷̵䣬÷ſɴˣ˵أСüɫ
ƹܰյǳ͢ʲôȥٸ𣿡Һ
ٸλӣǹٸܣǹܲ˰
ʲôܲˣҪٸʲô͢׸ٺ»ȴʲôܣԸɷ˵
ӣ⻰Ͳ˰ɡ÷̵ǽٸǣ͢ٺ»أٸҲ󶼸÷̡˵ٸҲ÷µķ֧÷൱ڹٸ𣿡
Ҿˣʣ˵÷̽˳͢𣿡
Сһ£˵Ҳô˵ɡ
ô÷̵жˣô֪Щ÷̵أʡ
ܼ򵥣÷̵˶÷¡
Ŷô÷̡һʣһߵĿ˴ˡ
Ǳп˺Сôϲ˰
С˼ЦЦ,˵λ͹٣ʧˡ
ĸо׼ŶСôһ˵Ҳùֵֹġ÷̿϶⡣˵
Ҹղž˵˵һ÷̣кܾˣٸҲû취˵
飬Ϊʲôңʡ
Уǻż죬ôʲô㶼֪˵÷̵£ԼǺ
飬ôһָоо÷ǡҿΧѹ˵Ǹа֯
ӢͬҲôġ˵
Ǿ˷ȻѵС˹ϸѯʡҵľ飬Сһ˵֪ʶԨ
ʣ÷һʲô֯
Сµġ
 
 
ӣӾ翴ҵȻ֪ʲô˼С֪ʶԨҪשģǾmoney 
ҸϽóһԪ˵û£㾡˵ 
Сҳô£ֿ˻ֺǺǵ˵ǺǣʹˣȻôʹ죬СҲܲӰǲǣ 
Цǰ㲻ӣҲҪӰ 
͹٣֪ʲôأ 
÷̵һʲô֯أʡ 
÷гһɣ÷ɡ˼˵÷ɿͨܺ绽꣬ʯɽ𡣡 
ŶôܣԶﴫİɡ˵ 
Ҳ֪Ҳֻ˵ѡ 
ʣǣûѹʲôģ 
û˵С¶ɫ 
㾡˵Ҫ¡˵ 
Сܿ˵λ͹٣ǻȥ˵ɡ 
û˵ʲôһݣС⿴˿͸ˣѵʲô֮ 
һһˣƹġ 
ţС˵ҰƹҲˡ 
ʣƹģĪʲô֮𣿡 
ƹ˵͹٣ģҲ޷ǿǧȥȻһСͲˣ 
ôذҾȵʡ 
ǰ÷ǲСٸҲʰ·𣿡ƹ˵ 
÷̵һʲô֯أʲôأǻôӦأ




÷(1)

Ҫ˵÷̰ƽʱأҲûʲôɱ˷Ż£ÿһεĴûܡֻѰգʲôأҪǲ÷ɵⰡǾҪùˣ룬ˣǰɡ˵÷ӴϵģӶǵˣϰôڣû㰲ƹ˵
ôԽԽͿʲôôа֯ƹģ˵һ㡣ʡ
ÿҪһ,һλòŮӸǡ
ͬʱ
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Ҳ֪ϵŮ֡˵ǺҲûŰˣ꣬ǡƹ˵
ˣΪʲô
᲻Ϊ÷㣬ҪŮȫǶİʡ
Уô
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ˡЩͽƽûʲô𣿡
еУҲࡣС˵
˳£ƹ˵˳ǿˣǾ˰λ͹İ
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԰ΪʲôÿŮӶأ
˵ΪʲôһҿԿ϶ġ
ʲôʡ
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һҲϡû뵽Ȼôһа֯ôյİΣڣʳͳκڣ˵
ǣһӦô죿ʡ
ҼȻˣͲܲܡ룬ȶ˽һ÷̵Ȼʹڲ
ڲͬʱʡ
ԣȥô֯ڲƻǣʡİ취˵
У᲻̫ðˣʡ
飬㲻ҪôѶϣ׻˵ĺð᲻úײǡ±ôջ񣿡
ϣΪΣ̫ߡҲѶϣֻΪİȫǣԣǻɡ˵
ûʲôģа̣쾭£аΣˡ˵
ҲãȻˣͰһ߸ңشˣǻ·һиʲô£Ҳ˽Ӧš
ҾǵϣðȥǸԣ˶״ҪҼʱϵ֪ҪʲôأΣɲðôˡǼɣΪô򵥵һ״ô죿οûôΪ÷̸Ͳڹٸ˵
⵹Ǹʵʵ⣬ϣǸô죿
 
 
⻹򵥣ǲ¹ٸѵ¹ٱʵڲУֻóѹˡ˵ 
⡭ 
˵㲻ҪˣôɣΣҲаٻϰˣ˵ 
ǣҪһȥ𣿡ʡ 
Ȼǵ÷ֳ顣Һһ飬Ǽ÷̣Ļ,ͳѹ˵ 
Ҳú˵ 
ʲô˵ˣôˡ 
ϣһ죬зͬһ㣬пܻΣաԣһҪߣǻؾٳѹҲٰ˵ 
飬Ȼڿ϶÷а̣û֤ݰϰҲҪ֤ݡؾóȻ²ڣ÷ʵӴ󣬵ʱɧңô죿ԣǴеĿľҪҵ÷̲кյ֤ݣҲгˡȻһٲ÷̣Ϊճ˵ 
̫ˣ˵ɡ˵ˣһ£ϣϢ 
֣Ҫʲôǰס 
飬ȵȣǲʲôң 
ǣһһ¾ˣϢɡ˵ 
ڶ죬һǾͰҽˡ 
˵ôˣʡ 
ˣȻˣҲԸ⡣ֻǣشˣҪûϡ˵ 
Ȼ֪ 
ϣұĲ˵ˣ֮һ仰һСġĹش˻˵ 
÷𣿻ᷢʲôأ




÷(2)

𰡣ƵġҲȥԵ𣿡˵
ǣ̫Ů鳤ˡ
ϣ߰ɡ˵
õġԼҲҪСŶ飬ߡʰһ¶ͺ뿪˿ջ
飬ôģ
һ½Ĵ÷̵˷ͼĻǿ϶ùԣȺ͹ٱϵȻǱ÷ΧŻ˵
飬ǵҪָˡҾͻʱĻأͽ㣬Ƽģ
ءƼģʲô˼鲻ʡ
ǺǺǺǣҲǽǸϲĶƬ̽ϡǽ϶ݱġΪʲôйƼأΪڡϡУǿһ˻ϰбҲܴһ̽зƼģҾ͸йƼģɣЦ˵
ϣʱˣ㻹ôƤѹ˵
Ҫ
ôأҪǵİΣγѲ̫ˣҶеӦӲϾˡ治֪˵Ǹǻ滹кܴһ·أ֪Ҫʲôأǽ÷̵£;г̰ɡ˵
Ϊʲô㼱ŻعʲôҿǺòײųһء´γʲôʱ򰡣˵
»ѹ̫ˡ˵ѾôˣҲ֪Ժ󻹻ô
飬ġأǼ࣬µġ㿴ǰڹﻹ棬ÿΣٵʱҶܻΪġԣͲҪ̫ˡ˵
ڵˡ˵÷̵һϵ㡣Žȥмˡ
һڰǰңҪ˭
˵ã÷̡
Ŷ÷̣ðģʲôʲôԱߵŮʡ
ŶǴġ˵
磿Ǹе׷ʲᡣ
˵Ǽסǡ
Ŷģǿǻʳǰôλӻʳ÷أŮʡ
Ǽסʳǣֻǰ⵽ʣȥֻʣҺͱܡ޿˼ĲƲһ·ӻġ÷˵˹̵ĴҺͱܺϼƣ÷̣Ҳиָ˵
벻ѻ¯డһܺߣʤ
ǽʲô
ұչأйƼġ˵
ŮظƼģְֵ
ҸϽԲ˵𣿺Ǻǣеֵֹİˣ˭֪ǵʱôİ
Ǻãȥ˾ɡŮ˵
˾Ǹʲôѿڶ
˾ģŮӺǳҡ
 
 
״ϽһЦ˵Բ𰡣ҵܵ᲻£Ⱑ 
СֵܣԺ˵Ҫӡ˵˵˵Ĳ˵Ҫעִ磬֪𣿡Ůİѵҡ 
ϴӦţȴ˵ߣʲô˲ģ˵ӣ˵Ļʥּ֪𣿣У 
÷̵̵ص㣬ſڿһͥԺȥԺҲŷ֣ԭǲԻ 
ܴ󣬴֮һʹǫ̂ͤ¥СˮСмһܴӣžڰɡ 
ǽҾˡ 
Ȼ˺ݳޣʹ⻹񻨣ˮĵذ壬ıʯİ 
Ҳɵſ͡ͷ飬ķӦһҲǾȵ˵ 
Ůƺϵǻֲֵ˵ôƯɣǼ÷ǵѡֻҪúøɡԺǻġ 
Ҳ֪˵ʲôû뵽÷̾Ȼôƴ֣忹⡣ز¶Ľа̣ǶԽв 
鿴ңһβסľֺͲҲףԹǶôĻ 
˾ˣҲ÷̡ 
ʲôʲôϵ 
˵ҽйƼġǱֵܡ 
ŶϵǼһ°ɡ 
Һһ£û˵ʲôҵǼ 
͹÷̣ʲôΣֻʲôЦأ




÷(3)

ǵǼˡҺֲ
ˡأ÷̵Ĵ˾÷̾һ̣ûзֽ̡ǵ÷ɡ󻤷Ĵӣ÷̵ĶأէֻСѧͽֻҪĺãԺкôġ˾˵
Ŷ֪ˡ
ȥסĵطȰ£ٳȥתתϤһ»˾˵
ǣּԱߵһСŮ˵
СȥˡᡱǺ黹˭һӣѧʱᡣ뿪Ǹڽ̻תתǱȻʹݻ
ֵǣǾôྭѣ
磬÷Ϊ˻ӭµĽͽҲҺ飩һμᡣ˾÷̵Ļ£Ǹܾµ÷롣Ҵſһ£÷ͽԼˡЩÿԺҪǮ÷̵ΪʲôôǮأ
ϣ˸͹˸û˵ĵطʣ飬㿴÷̵ʲôأ
ֵǣôྭѣ
ĺһҲ֡ջƹ˵÷ҲûǮʲôģÿͽÿ꽻ǮӣԶԶ޽ôͥԺ˵
ûΪǵǮ϶·ȻûĿŵʲôģǿ϶ʲô·˵
ǿ϶飬ǻȥɡ˿˻ĵġ
ŶϣؿҪίˡ
ʣʲô
ҪЩסһŶ˵꣬黵һЦؿҡ
ߣ㻹֪ίҰҪΪϵ㷽㣬ҲŲҪеأ˵
ҺӡͽҲ½½ػˡǣƽʱЩʲô
һ˵ûʲôΣûʲôرͿϢˡ
Һ˸񣬱Ͽɺڽûʲôǵﲻأ
ϣ˯ˡҲòŤˡͼ˯һôô
ãͽȽ⣬˯һŴ󴲣ҺϵСϡ̫ˣڲúǼˣ
Һ黹Ůб𰡣οǻǾϵ˯һǺܱŤ
˵ĥʲôأˣһʲôǣͦ࣡һͽ˵
ѹ˵û취պһ°ɣ
£ǽӣҸһԼһ
ûôϲһŴϣѽⲻΰɣ
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ǣǣΪʧߡ
Ҳʧߡ
£֪ڶˣ飬Ͽ秵ģʵһӵĻˮҰǱòʹԵƭˣ
û˵ᣡȻͱȥ˯ˡ
 
 
ҺЦ˼Ҳתһ˯ˡһ΢̫˰ɡ 
תӣеۡһֱΪϲ۵ġʵĴ󳼱һۡ 
ǰھʱҪ£Ҫÿµ뷨ҪȥʵʩҲҵĹʧ 
ţҾ˯ˡ 
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һæ˵Ǹңˡ 
ϣΡʵҸû˼ڽʲôȫôа̡ 
УǱҲûϢǼ˰ 
ԷҺ鰤ұ߳Աʣ飬ʲôµķ𣿡 
ûСֻǺһûʲôرġ 
Ҳûʲô֡ 
ӦŪģǮġ飬֪ʲô׬Ǯ𣿡ʡ 
ֵġǶ½ͽôǽӴЩأ˵ 
ĲôôûƵġ 
˭֪պų԰ɡ 
÷Եף÷̵Ǯ·ᷢʲô𣿣




̽鰸(1)

극дʱ䡣
װʵȥûʲôǣ˿żҲûʲôֵġǣ֪ǲ˷ʱ䡣
ϣҺתơʣ飬ûзʲôرĵط
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Ŷ˼ǣܻʲôģ
ųܡ
˵еġа̣϶Լһֵģ˵һڵ»߱ĵطأ
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λڸʲôأ
ҺһŤͷһԭ
˵㰡㣡
ٺٵЦţϣôʲô𣿡
ĿǰûС½ͽôôзأֲʲôɡ˵Ϊ鰸ôװߣ
ˣڰɣܳŴǻϵĶôҲһƬ˰ɡ˵
ƶˣôͻȻܹˣʲô𣿡
ԣͻȻΣյġ˵
ѽѽĹָϴǸҩûʲô֢ɣʡ
ģ书ɲǰİҲڴ÷̵£Ҳûʲôչ˵
ҲҪģֻҪģһԡ첻ˡϿȥµľй¶١˵
֪ˡԺÿͷص㻹Ͽ߰ɡҲҪȥˡȻ˻ɵģ˵
һͷ˳ȥ鿴ң˵ϣҲϿȥɣ
Һߣߵſڣ˵Һſڴϸ
˵ô
Ҿֵֹģ
ҲôáǸ˵ɣͦһүǶôһҲɤϸüĿ㣬ŤŤģȴǺְ
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ɣҪŮģ÷ҲŮװ㲻û̫أ
ǸƼҲ֣һʲôӻĵġٵˡҺǴٰ
ôһ˵һһɵġ˵ˣ죬һпеʱһֹǲʲôı
ˣһˣע⵽ûУǸȻüĿ㣬Ůңü֮йǣʲôţһɰ
鵽һߣС˵飬ô찡ڻǣǲǱ¶ˣ
ϣȲҪֻǻɣû֤ݣʱǰȫġ˵
ѾˣһǰЩ˴˾ʲô߽ǿô죿
ȱ𼱣롣ǱȴǵĻɡ롭ˣô죡Ҷ߶˼䡣
 
 
ұ߿ޱӡ 
һȥǶֵҺ顣 
һң֣ôˣô˰ 
˵Ҿ˼ܵ 
˵ҲҪ⣡ҵܾܵСͺҼҵǳһմȾһЩŮӵϢôҼЦˣ 
Ŷûû¡ 
Ǹղ˵˼ҺҴںϼƣôܸɳ£Ҳڰ˵ 
Ŷһֱںϼ° 
ͷ˵ǰ 
ҸǣֻҪܰĵ÷úøɣ϶Ҫʲôʲô 
Ц˵л㣡 
Һһ£˿Ϊ˲ٲɣֻô󷽷ĺͬˣ 
ڶ죬ұѡ 
ʣôˣ 
ûôˡ 
ҿûˣ˵鰡ǺͺСһɣǵĻˡ 
֪ˡһǺһûʲô仯 
˵ҷġΪÿ춼һԲ鰸Ըʲôʲźã 
÷̻ʲô̽ᷢʲô𣿻˶ǲ𣿣




̽鰸(2)

Һ׼ȥΡͻȻ˵β
ˡ֡ѵ汻ˣ÷̳ʲô
һѽͽɢȥҺһ¡˵鰡
ѵãǳʱú̲̲顣
ô̲飿
ȻĴûʲôԵĵط
Ŷ߰ɡ
ҺͥԺתתȥҲûзʲô
룬ҲǻǮʲôĲںصĵطҲ˵
飺飬֪ʲôεĵط𣿡
εĵطҪǻ԰ǺͷǸ
ͦεġ˵
룬˵Ǻðɣȥ
Һ԰ΧûʲôˡǱΧѰ
ҡҷһʯ壬ǿɡңΧһЩϸС
İɫĿҼţûʲôζø
鿴˿Žﳢסˡ
鰡Щ׵ĶôܷŽأ
ŶҾ뿴ʲô
飬ԺЩ֪ʲôĶǧܳ԰
֪û˵
֪ˡ
Ҷ˵飬㿴ʯ̧ߡ
̧̧ߣܾȵؿҡ
ҵͷ˵ѽ̧ߡ˵ᷢʲôأ
鿴˿ңֻʹ̵ȥǸʯ塣ʯ
屻ƿˣ¾ƽ̹ĵ棬Ҳûʲôرġ
˵ѽ۵ҰʲôҲûСҿ
ǻǵĵطɡ
ûģҾĺܿԣûΪʲô
ҵĸо̽ĸо
ҲߣҲչ˵ûʲô
ҡҡͷ˵ԣ⡣
õ棬Ѷȥǵ淢
ĳƵǿնģǿյģ
˵飬죡һڣ
ҺľͣڣڣһʯһĶ¶
˳ʱ˹Һһ
ǸϽ㵽Աߡˣǲų
˵ϣģ̫עĿˡȵ
ϣˡһ𿴡
룬˵Ϊ˲¶٣Ҳֻˡ
ϣҺ԰һˡ
Ұѷֵ¸˵ΣȰ
ʯƿ
һ߷ڣʯ塣
ʯƿˡһҺ
Ŀԡ˵ʵͦµġѾˣ
̽װɡ
Ұһӣ˵ȥ
˱ʪĵصܺڣʲôҲ
ǽ΢Ĺâߡǵͷ
˰ɡǰףǿˣԭе
İ
ҽƹ⣬ȫһһĶ֪
ʲôǽ鱦ɣ
Ҷ˵һʲô
˵ǽ鱦ҲΪ֤ݰ
 
 
԰Ҳ˵ʲô 
˵֪Ҫɡ˵Ϊ 
Щء 
߹ȥһӣȵؽеϣشˣ 
ǿ 
Һ߹ȥװǰ׻Ŀ״ 
ͽҺʯΧĶһ 
飺ǰ쿴һ𣿡 
˿˵һġ 
ϣЩʲôأʡ 
Ҳҵϸ 
ץһѿ࣬պһŽ 
æֹң˵ϣʲô˵ֲ 
׵Ķô 
ûлش飬Ҷ˵飬ȥѵҪ 
ϸȥ 
û˵ʲôѵ˹ɻؿҡ 
˵ʲôֹ 
ŵƣϸؿЩҰӵ 
ץһЩ塣ҿ˿عһǰѧĻѧ 
֪ʶ 
Ҷ˵ˣ 
ͬʣʲôˣ 
˵÷̵Ǯˣ 
𣿡ʡ 
ǵġ 
ôϣǣô¡ 
÷Ǯ𣿽 
ֻðյľٶأ




̽鰸(3)

˵ǿЩǵһ뵽ʲô
Σ˵
ûͺΡǿЩΣȻĺܾϸ
ҸղŴӵһץкܶ塣ңǿЩζ
ǱȽϴֲڵĴΡԣ÷һԷ˽Ϊҵ
ǲŻôǮôݳޡҽ͵
ԭ˵ǣڸô죿
ڸϿȥ죬Ҫȥ鸽
ûз˽εηӡȻٴηӵĿ׳÷
뷷˽ε֤ݣ𣿡˵
Ƿ˺ôŰһжָԭ״Ϊ˲
Ļɣϻˡᡱ
˯Һĵ飬Ҿù
ȥ鰸²ĿǰҪҵ÷Լ
ط˽ε֤ݡ
ͷѡҶ˵
²ðɡ÷̵ֲɵӣô֤ݰ
ȥð
Ҫ취ȥ÷̵￴
ȥ˵ʲôµķ֡ٲȻȥ￴
룬ܻнġ˵
̫ˣҪ°˳ѣ϶
Ҽˡ
𣿣֪֪жΣհΪ
϶ǽأģһ㷸ʲô̹ʲ
ôģǿô죿
ѽҲ˵᲻úײǡð
ôջ񰡣
鿴˿ң˵δҲ̫ð˰ɣ
ƻþûҲ˵ÿ
ܷ׻Ϊĵģ
û˵ֻתҡ
̼٣Ͱ͵˵䣬鰡⣬
ڸ𰡣
˵ΪҲ֪ʱ̻жá
ôô˵ǣȻô˸УҲֻ
һ˸ˡ
Ļﰲȵ˯һ
ʵԶʱֹͣǸж
ðȻҲ֪齫Σһϧڵ
ÿһ̵ġ
飬ĺð㣡
ڶۣͬסֵ
ңŤͷһҺγһӵ
ơ찡
ҽ
鱻ˡ˿Һǣʲ
ôϽ˵ŶûµġҵܵŮһһ
ϾͻẦ£Ҫ˯šǣ
ëǺǣ
СֵܣԺôȢϱ
ôСǸῴ㰡
ǾǣüĿʲô˲ģСֻ
裬ҪҲ޸İ
һڸͣǰǿǴүǶ
ΣүǶԼҲԼģҲֻ
װ˵ҿû˵ҪϱǾͱˣ
Һһ£Ҿȥ͵Ϯ̣õ
 
 
֤ݣ鸺ͷʱͳһԼõ 
ص棬Լõĵصˣڡᡱ 
ļɽϼ 
ҹǶ˯ˣҺ鿪ʼж 
˵ʵﻹһģϾⲻǼС¡ 
͵͵ؽ˴õţ滹ûˣȻ 
ڷԼĪѾߵĺˣһ 
ţŽȥûˣֻһŴͼ 
ӡʲôҪ˵ҰɣȻҲ 
ˣ˵ҪҵĶأ 
׼ͻȻһһ亹 
Ҷ߶µתͷȥһŵվ 
￴ҡ 
ŵͷˣҲ̧ͷǸ߽ң 
סҵ°̧ҵͷŵƹ⣬ҿ 
һžû뵽᳤һ 
ϣҪüĿö࣡УһĻ 
Ҽԣ˺Ǿ˰ 
Ҳ˼仹˵ò 
Ǹ˿ң˭ҹܵ 
ʲô 
Ǹңǡǣ˭£ 
Ҿȷˡ 
Ŷңҽɡأ 
ңӽͽӺˡ 
ЦˣЦĺа 
ӣҿɡ˵ 
ɣ֮ᷢʲô 
أɾʲôأ




(1)

ҵһôˣ
һҪװ⣬˵ڣ˵ʲô
𣿡˵žͳұƽҼûа
ˡһرƽңұƵǽǡ
ǰӲ֪˵ʲô
Ӳе𣿸֤𣿡
̲סˣ㵽Ҫʲô
ҵ̨ʰɣϵĲ˯ܵҷ
Ҫʲô
ңûʲô㣬תת
תתô򵥰ɡҵ°ͣ
ؿ˵˵ôҹôŮӣ
ܵҵķ䣬ʲô
Уҽˡ
ǣǽԵ֣
ʲô߰İں˵ʲôֻǽ
˷䣬ôĵ𣿡˵
ȻڡΪʲôҪŮװأ
ΪҴ֪÷ղŮͽ
²գԲŮװ
˵ܵʲô㲻֪
ģСŮ
˿ĭ˵᲻¡Ҫ
ˣؼ
תܣȴһסûһµ

찡ֹͣˣ
ҵСˣղײգ
͡
û˵꣬ƿɫǣ
ȻҾͷҲصܵˡ
ܻԼõĵط
ǿˣվ
չֵֹģңôˣ
һ±ס
һޣǶŻˡϽңôˣ
ʲôˣ
̧ͷǣ˵ңңҾǣ
Ǹңҡ
ϣ㵽ôˣǲܵʲôţ
ֻǿޣһ仰˵Ҳ֪ԼΪʲ
ôҪޣҾޡ
鿴˿½Ҳ̸ʲôˣ
˿ջһ˷
һϣʲôҲû˵ֻǾҡ
ţҾͻܰġҲ֪Լôˣ
ص̫ĻˣֱƷһȥ
һͻ񫣬Ҳ벻ˡ룬Ҫ
飬ҿ϶ᱻġ
һϣҵҲƽˡڣΨһʹ
ҸȤľ˭÷ʲôϵ
ڶ죬ңôˣǲʲô
ˣŻ֪𣿡
˵˵ġ
㲻˵ҲŻأ
룬¸꣬ɫ
ͺˡҾ֪
飬ôˣҾ֪᲻ˣ㻹Ҫ
 
 
˵֪ҾͲ˵ 
˵ǵģҲС۵ˡңֻ 
Ǹ˵˭ 
Ҳĵġ˵÷кܴĹϵ 
أߣ÷кܴá˵ 
ߣʲôΣأ 
ҲǡҪô죿ˣ̸ô 
ˣûʲô·֣ʡ 
Ŀǰûʲôµķ֣һֱڼ 
ǣزþͻеġȲҪż¾ͽ 
ˣԼһأ˵ 
ʲô飿ڹжʧ𣿡 
ôΪûΣ 
ռ˱ˡߣ 
ﰵЦ˵ԴףǳԴ 
ô㻹֪˵ 
ĳЩȾܾҵŶ 
Ц˵ǣǣƻģô 
ϲ˭ 
㣬ð㣬˽䵹һҰ飬㣬 
òô 
ҾúܺðĻ˵˧ 
ôҿô㣬Ǹ˱Ҫ˧ 
˵Ͳˡ 
Իˣ˵ 
Ҳ̫˰ɡ 
İ 
ʲô£Ǹӻ 
ʲôϵ𣿣




(2)

ͱԻ𣿡ҡ
а˵ҲҰôɱŶǺǺǺǣɵЦ
ʲôɱﵣ֮𣿡
ͻȻűײˣҺһ
ﰡ
ұʵһͷˮǵȻˡȻҪĶ
Ҫٿˣǻ̩ɽ
᣿ʲô᣿ʡ
㲻֪𣿡
԰ȫͽĴᣬҪȥ
ƣа̻ʲô᣿Σ
Һ鵽̴˺ܶࡣҺ˸ط治֪÷̸ʲôһмˡĴ˾˵
ѵ÷̵Ľ÷Ҫˣһôˣ˽ηһ϶ͺĪĹϵ˵ʶ˽Ժͺðˡ
أ˼ˣžʲôɡ

Ѱȥһλӻߵм䣬̧ͷŴң˵Һð
׺䶥ʲôζʱζȻôأ̫ɺˣ
һңʣôˣ
תͷ˵飬ǣ
龪ֵؿң˵ʲô𣿡
ҵͷȻ󿴼龪ȵı飬һʱ䣬Ƕ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʱˣ죬һ顣վ
أͻȻ˽ң̧ͷЦЦҡ
Ҫˣˡ
û취ֻվӲͷƤ߹ȥ
ңЦˣҶ˵Сˣּ˰Ӳˡ
Ȼضȫʶһ£ӽԺǱŮˡ˭ҪǸ۸ǲѱ𣿡
ˣ
治֪Ҫʲôˣȥͷһˡ
ɢһЩŮҵĶᵽҿͬģܲζ
ûҰ˳ȥ
飬ô˰ǲˣĵİô֪ǽҪ֪ҴҲ
鿴ң˵Ҳǵ㡣죬ҲеǸӡֻ˵ԣҾ͸İȫˡ鲻尸С£иʲôǿô죿
㲻ҪģһܽġҲᾡÿ춼ͷġʵڲУҲֻݡ㲻Ҫ¡˵
Ǻá㡣
飬ΣҡҵһУ𣿡
סСģоͲȡʩʱһһ֪ͨˣҲҪ¡
ҵͷ˵ס˰
ŶСġ
ҸŮˣһ·ϣҵﶼġ֪Ϊ뿪飬ҪǸУ֮Ǻܲ
 
 
ŮǸհҰѶʰãͽˡ 
Ƕȥɡ 
ǡŮǶȥˡ 
찡Ҫʲô 
Ҹɴֱ벻÷ɾ㰡˵ɣ㵽ʲôͼΪʲôҪô 
ҿ˿˵Ϊϲ㰡 
ʲʲô㣬ں˵Щʲô 
ЦЦô㲻˵Ϊʲôôˣֻ 
ǣΪô֪ 
⻹ڵ𣿾Ϊϲ㰡Сˡ 
û˵ߣ˵ʲôҾţҰ׳հˣһŮľ˵ϲ˼ңḡӣ 
Сˣ˵ҿҪĵŶô֪Ҿḡأ㿴ҺͱŮ𣿡ʡ 
ôῴ 
ǲͶˣûпû֤ôô˵أһĵŶҵСˣ˵أС 
ղŽʲô㣬ʲô 
СԺҶǳˡ 
ᣬ˵ 
ССӺÿɰ𣿡 
Ҵ󺰵߿ɫǣ 
ɵȥԼŮǻᷢʲôЦأ




ϷŮ(1)

ǵùһŮʣô䵽еŮᣡȻŮ˲赹ˮٲ˰ɣأʲôҸɣתתתתǣҲ֪£οҲ˽ε¡
Сʲô
УܲܲҪôؽҵ֣
ûʲô𣿡
ûʲôͺãҪҲֻң֪𣿡
ƣƾʲôƾʲôҪİ
ƽӰҵ
ʲôҵĻʥּأߣ
ϣ˯￴ǡǣֲŮӡ
ʲô𣿡
ôˣС
ҺҪ˯Ҫ뿴ǣԼˡ
ǺðѣȻСˣȥ˯ɡ
ߣ͵仰ˡһҪǽͷأ
˳ܵ԰Ѿˡÿζҳٵ
˰Ⱥܾ𣿡
ңܹʣô˵Ǹ˵Ůˣ
ҵͷǰôˣ
ˣ֪֪жΣգһ
ˣҴ˵ʲôûˡͷģֶԷġʱܽһǸ֪ˣǾǰˣ
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ôͶˡҪϿȥˡ˰
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û£һСġУСġ
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ѽϴˣ컹Ҫأ
ϴˣҳհ·ãص䣬ͿǸҡβˣ
ι˵ҹ㲻ȥ˯ܵҷʲô
Сڵ㰡
Ҿȵ˵ȣңҹĵҸʲô
ô㺦ˣղϴˮ»𣿡
ң㣬ǲǣ㣬͵񣬴̬
Цָ˵Ҿ㣬Ҫٸ͵ңңҾͰڳ
߬סҵ֣һ£Ц˵ˣСԺ󲻸˻𣿡
㣬ɫǣ㣬߿
ˣԣԺ󲻸˻𣿡
Ժ󣿣ҽе㻹Ժ󰡣㻹´ΰξǲǰ
˵ô찡ˣ԰ҹģˣѱ˳ô죿˵
 
 
ô˵ҵˡˣһˣ˵ 
ллˣС 
˵㻹ǲǣƶ죡ȥ˯ 
ᣡţԺ˯ˡһۣҴſأ 
ҼеȻܵñӻס塣 
㣬ɫǣʲô 
Сˣ㺦ˣûô𴲶ѡ̫ɹƨˣǵһμŮҪԽ𴲡㲻ӺƵؿҡ 
߿˰ᣡ 
СˣССʶ㲻˵Ļᣬɫʲôġô𣿡ҡ 
ôһʣһ治֪ôشˡ 
ңҲ֪ȥʰˣһڷ 
ϴˣһˣҪȥﰡ 
ǲԼԹԵţҪȥ¡㲻ҪŶҲһĻŵġ 
УҪôò 
ǰ˵ȥȥĵطǣ̫ɽǰһĵһ۾ҪŶС 
Σôôˣɣ÷̵İˣҲٺʲôϸˡ 
ãڣҸϽȥ飬ûʲôҵɵķĹӣҲûзʲô˱ʲôġڱĵطҲ˵ 
ȥ飬ûҵʲô֤ݡ 
ģҵġ 
ȻȥˣҾͲˣȻỳҵģתġ㡣 
ɻỳϲηӳ




ϷŮ(2)

һص˷䣬ĺܡڴϣ˯ˡ
֪ôͻȻһ˹ûΰ֣
ǸеķкС˵֣𣿺ߣֲ˯úúõģͻȻأ
˵ʲô
Ҵչȥſǽϸ
Ҫһ㡣˵ǿҪһ㰡
ô㺦ʲô
˵΢˽áѾˡǵȻҪˣһŮ˵
ô
յǸѾͷҲҲ൱ǡ
ô˵㻳ǵ
ǣһˣҾߡô죿
ġ˵ǻϵġôأôһŮӡ˵,ƾϾôжҲ̫˰ɡⲻܡ
ϲҲһչʮŮӡңǻ̫ɺ˰ɣϸǸȻ㿡Σü֮һɵǲò
ңңܵġ
㲻ĶǸŮ˰ɣ
ôôϲ˭ϲ˭Ҫ𣿡˵
ǵȻˡǣûһǻϣҪô죿ôһҪȥδӣ
ˣ뿼Щ°ɣҪúϢ
߶ܻصװ˯
һˡŲӦɵġˣĻҵݰɣǾͲˣ϶ǰ
ҸоڸҵĶͷȥ۾ҡʣô˰
ʲôû˵ֻǰ뻳
ҸˣĪڻҵʣ㵽ôˣǲǳʲôˣ
ûʲôѾͷҾ룬һֱжáֻǸöá
⻰ʲô˼˵ģͻȻе㲻ˡһ뵽ҵĽܻʹ÷߽⣬ͻȻ˵ѹǣ˽ΣǺҹɷڶŸɰɷɱͷôװŲ֪أ
ϣͷ˵Լ뷨ͻȻԼǲЩ̡ɱٵʱҶûôѹǲĺ̰ܲ
鿴˿ңʣϣѵѵѾǸˣˣ𣿡
ҡҡͷǣҶǶģǲġͬ飬Ҿе㲻ˡ
˵ϣ㲻ܹ鿼ǡҪհ
˵Ķԡϣ֪ΪĻʵ۶Ҫ˰ΪÿÿõĶ첻Σͻ仰˵ξͺһһͻ񫡣ǹҷԱ˿ڶ࣬ÿҪĶΣôΣҪ˹˰ҪǮô˰Ϊ츣˰÷˽εߣǹֻʧǮʧôǮΪϰնٺ£˵
֪ˣǵġ
 
 
Уϣﶺʱ̫ˣؾг̣²áǾɡ 
̾˿˵֪ˡˡ 
ȥҵɵķ濴˿˲ڣһܵȥˣ 
һط󣬸Ϣɻˡ 
ʣôˣʲô𣿡 
СΪ˰ 
Σô˵ңߣ 
˵˯ʱ䡣 
֪ѵ˯ͲΪҪ˯ҲҪ㰡С𣿡 
ѽܲˣܲܲҪôװû㣬ںֻ˯ 
Цôһ˯ɣ 
ʲô㣬˵ʲôģŮܲף㲻׼ŶҪǸʲô뷨ҿɲ㣡 
Сɵϣôǿأ㻹أѵĻҲ㶼𣿡ʡ 
ңҡһʱ侹֪˵ʲôˡ 
߹˵ССŶһҪҵĻŶҪܡʲô£ҿǻŶ 
찡ôдԵҪˣ 
ߺӲζ֮ģ˽֮Ҫô֣ǲİһ뵽ܻҪͷôľһ̺ۣҶѹ̲סҪſţҾ˯ˡ 
÷̵ķֵʲôΣأ






ڶ׼šǣôҲ򲻿ˣˣô⵽ô£
Ҽô󺰣ι˭˰ι˰Űڸʲôſţ
㲻ҪٺˣҲǰ׺Ƿ֮ģúôŰɡ
ʲôƾʲôңҳȥҪɣȥҪʸף
ҲоͽеʵʵظҴŰɣ
찡⾿ô°ѵǷʲô𣿰ҵݱǽҴ˰ɣѵҪʣҪЮ͢ɣû뵽ˣ۸ıСˣ۰ȫǼٵģ
Һҳȥɣ㣬˸񣡡
ɣֱձˣ
ô죿֪ûзұˣ̫ˣôͻᱩ¶أ
ڴϣҪ侲侲
ͻȻ÷ĴһͷһȻɣ
߹ȥ˵Сˣ쵰ʲô뿴ұҹҲٿ㣡Ҷ㻹һ˿֮ģȫûˣ
յذһٳû뵽ȴ˵ġꡱơҺ֡ҪʣнŲ˵𼱣һģ˵ˡ
֣ʲô˼ѵұûйϵ
ȵҺú롣Ҳɵ˼˭أڸڷ仳ǻϵǸˣǴ˾ѵôǽҪң׾ٵΪʲôҪأ飿
ĪǣĪɲĽֻǸܣĻˣ
찡ҵĲ²ǶԵģҪô죿Ҳûа취֪ͨ顣ô죿
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ҸϽ򿪿¹⣬дģѾ׼ǻġ
飡Ȼұˣ̫ˣתˣҪģǵȴ
һһʯͷ˽ѵб䣿ҸϽɵģдСģһȥġ
ͻȻůԭҲ
ǲҪЩʲôأǲӦ׼ˣʱҪߵʱһذף¿óˡҰذóһиʲôҲӦ
ʱжܹȥɡôˡ
˵ɵϣҵȻİ
ԿףѴ򿪣һߡݸһԿףҸϽȥţ˳ȥ
ˣˡߣߣ˵
ȥ
ɵϣȻȥһû˵ĵطˡúõģĹһӡ˵
ɣ˵Ҳô
ңʣô㲻ϲң㲻𣿡
ɣⲻ벻⣬ܡҽͣҲ㣬ֻĲôô
 
 
ΪʲôؿңҺòġ 
ɣûôΪʲôҲΪҲ˺㡣ϣҡ 
ǽڣ 
ε˵ⲻǽڡ 
Ϊʲôʡ 
Ϊǻϣ 
һͷ˾һվ˵ģߣգ 
μϣף޽ҹݡ 
˾ȻѾ֪ҵݣǾ͹ԹԵ־ܰɡ 
־ܣΪʲôץҪһɰɣʡ 
ɺܼ򵥣Ѿҵ÷̷˽ε֤ݣڻ԰ʯʲôʡ 
Ȼ󣬲ϣҿǾֵ 
˾˿ң˵ô˵ûɣ÷̣ΪԵײǵĵϸȻģ 
ɿңʣ˵𣿡 
ҿ˵ɣһʼôġǣĲôҲҪɱ㣬֪Ȼǽ֪϶һ顣ҲҪأֻھҵְ𡣡 
㣬ô㣬ôܡ 
ǵģҽͰ 
ʵݱҿˣʲôΣ÷̵¸ճأ




ͻΧ

㶼ˣŮҲֵ㸶ӽֻΪԼΪԼ˽㻹ѵô꣬ôģΪ㣬ɱ˶ˣΪݻȥ˽Ρú룬Ե˭˾˵
ԽԽͿˣʲôɱ˶ˣ
Ϊɱˣʲô˼
ɿ˿ң˵Ϊ˵գɱ˶껪ĴӣǵѪΪɴѪҷáԣҲŻôϸļա
ʲôѪǺţҵжϹȻû÷һɱ˲Ѫа̣
֪ͺãôȫΪҰҰɡأȴңת㡣ҪộԭΪȢңһֱɿڣҲʱδڣȫȻҵĺáΪĵˣҶİңһִҵ˾˵ԭһãڽͷ˵ʱĻԲѵɡҼһҾ;һҶҰؼңҪõԣҴ÷̣Ҷŷɵϳͣ˽ΣȡΪղϣҴһʿֵһƫ˵ǴѪפաΪڼ˾ɱôŮңôΪ
ҿɣ˾
˵˾֪㷸ʲôĴ𣿡
д𣿡
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ɣ㲻Ϊ𣿡ʡ
ҿɣ˵뷨˵ɡ
ɿң˵Ҳá
˵˾֪㷸ʲôĴϲͻݵӣӵӣΪһ͵ӣһѬĵŮǿˡ
ңǡ
Ǵ󡣡
ߣҲùҲǺùģ
ҰɻʣҪʲô
ʲôҵò˭Ҳõ˸£
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ŭ˵ôˣʲôڲǽˣ˵㣡ǻʵۣҵĵֲ̣ǻʹ˭
˵󵨣췴𣿡
췴ôҾɱ㣬Ȼ췴˽ĽɽǸʱҾǻˡҺһҲŮˣҪʲôûа
㣬𣿡Һ
ǣǷˡ£
ܶǰΧҴͳذף˵˭ҾͲˣ
˵ܣҶţ
УôΣգôһߣ
һӹڵϣ˵ϣˣߣԺ󣬳**ǡɱ˿ħ֮Է찡
Ҳߣ
ʬΣȥɡ
ң
һͷһ飬һ˹һôʱ
飡ˣ
 
 
ϣ΢ȼ١ˡ 
꣡ 
˵л˵Щյ£ 
һ£ڶٱ󣬺÷̵չ˼Ҳɳ˳ȥ 
ܣ 
̧ͷһǴ˾Ҵóذףؿһ̣Ѫ˳̧һߣͰߵһߡ 
ֻ˵뿪ǣ 
Һɻ鱻ٱ뿪÷̡ 
ϣˡ 
ô÷̵˶ôˣ 
˾׽˻ˣ󲿷ֱܡ 
ãǵͽ̲С 
΢ּ 
ȥƺˡ÷̵Ҳ˸˽ 
ɣ㲻ˡ£ûʲôٿвˡ 
лϡ 
Ԥô죿 
ϣһ󡣡 
ʣʲô°㾡˵ɣ 
δɺ÷أǽֻʲôأ




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Σ1
ϣȻ˾Ϊҷ˺ܶĴ󣬵ǣҲǳģһɡ˵
ɣ֪ڵ顣ǣймҹ档ҲΪĳ˾ͷɷҪǿͷԺû˻ڷˣһʲô£˵
ϣ˵⿪Ͳܿ𣿡
ҿɣ̾˿˵ɰлλ˼һ𣿡
λ˼
ԣûЩɱŮǻô˭ĺԼۣĸĸԸ⿴Լĺô໨껪Ůȫһ֮˽к룬жԩǵĸĸжģɱ˳ǷծǮԹŵĹءȻ˵飬ǣǻϣҲΪ˵ĸ˴֡Уǻô룿ЩŮھȪ֮ܰɣҲҪϸǣΪֶΣɥĲˣֵΪ𣿡ҿ͵
ҡ
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ͬϵ˵˵
飬ô̫˰
ϣԴ΢˽ɱɱ̫ɱĺ𣿡
ʣ飬˼ǣҽɱı𣿡
Ҳ˼С磬˵СûнܹνĻҽҲûпȻɱ̰ĳ档صôôҪɱأֻǵĶѡ˵
飬Ҹ㣬ȻûڽࡣǣҲܷʲôƣʲôǶ񡣶ڻˣǾ͸ϳǡԻ˵ʴȣǶ˵Ĳʴȡνƣ˵ɱôŮ飬ѵЩŮ𣿣ʡ
⡭
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ðɡ˵
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Ŷȳȥһ¡
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ϡ˵ˣҲͨˡȷʵǷ˲ˡΪ˽ȷʵӦáˡ⣬÷̵ĽҶѲ˸ϵϣɡ
ɣ˷ʥͣ޹ͨͺáȥɡôǻġ
ߺңϣղ˵ĶԡôϾ÷̵ĽǸܣҲ𡣡
飬˼Ҳ֪ɱܵͽ䡣ǣҵ׸ôأ
鿴˿ңʣϣ΢о仰֪ʲʣ
 
 
ʲôʡ 
ϣĪˡ֮ġ 
飬Ҫ˵ʲôҶ֪ˡɣимΣҲв̡ǣûϲǺϲ޹ء 
شѵŻϵΪ𣿡˵ 
ûУ΢Ҳҡ 
¾ˣȥɡԻᶨᡣ 
գ÷̴˾һ֮˽кڶŮټӷ˽ΣѾҽʳɷﵱѺ;ǣ̲նףʬ죬ʾ䣡 
⣬÷ڶĻڸģΪаնģ÷̽ɣڴ˾ɱˡ˽ε֪鲻ȼй䷢߽Ϊʮ̡꣬ 
꣡ 
ķܴҰ͵⣬˵ɰҪúøĹ£ʮܿ͹ȥˡʮҺúд㡣 
𣿡 
ǵȻϷԣ 
ϣһúûڹҡҡ 
߰ɡ 
ɳ죬ɣԸһ·ߺáһʱӦǲһˡ 
ϣƺҲ·ˡ˵ 
Ŷ߰ɡ 
÷̵˽ˣԺأһʲô£ҲԤ֪Ըаˡ 
÷̵£лʲôأֻʲôأ




Σ2

أڽֵϡҲȽϸԣҲҵáȵȣ
ɣհѡá˵ҾͿˡһС
߹ȥ㣬ۣͷϲһݡΧкܶΧۡ
ʣСãΪʲôҪأ
̧ͷ˵ҪǮܴһǮûǮҸ磬Ҫˡ·ӣλңˡ
ô㵽ҪǮʡ
Ҫһ
ʲôһ㿪ʲôЦΪ·һ椣ҪһʨӴ󿪿ڰ㣿
ǣҪôǮʲô
·Ƿ׷׿ʼСŮ޵øˣ
ιιιιιǸʲôǵûгҪ˼ҰûоͲҪ˰ǣû˼˵Ҫˣûͬģûе㰮
ˣ˵ʲô˰ʲôʱֵ˵ˣ
ǣҪǿˣȥ
԰붴ٸǮ
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㣬쵰ͷŸɾһ㣡
ץסǸ˵죬ݺݵ˵Ҫٸ˵һ飬ҾԴң
˵һ֣˴˸򣬵˵ϡ
ģҴӣˣǲǣ˹ȥһ˸գˤڵϡ
ҳûǰץס·һȭһҹȭһȭ֪ˡ
ʱͻȻקסңС˵ٸˣߣ
ãܱ¶ݣһץС˵ߣ
ǼڴϷɱСߴ˵Ҽȥܱܰɡ
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ǵˮ˵λ磬ллˡ
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ûеò㲻˵Ҫ𣿡
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ʲôͬʱ
˵ֻҪóһӣҸһ
̫ˣСãǧҪЩ߹١ƭģʹյһӣҲô׵ؾͷ硣ɲҪϵ˵
磬֪֪ǲôңǳ֮⣬һʲôİ취أ
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СŮܿӴԺ󣬾ǹˣ 
 
ôˣӣ˭ҾҸ磬Ҿ˭ˡӣֻܿܿ۽ζԴܿܿȻܡӲҪ˵ 
ǸܿǴӦ㣬ǣǸǣûйϵİ 
ӣ˵ʲôʲôǸģ 
Ҿǲ㣬ҵˡһߵʣˣܿ㿴ôƣ˧˧簡ֻ书϶ԱģԵġСô 
бۿ˿ңƵ˵УԺ𣿡 
ǸǸǺǣƺǡ 
ܿǸŮǡ˵ 
ǣ̴ϣǣǼҹǾ䣡ֱһԣһ˫ԣǹӾˣ޻檣ͿŶ 
˵ʲôҧгݵ˵ 
Ұ˸Ǳ 
ˣʲôһʡ 
ôѵ㲻뿴ϡ𣿲ʲô£ǾǶ 
ιҪ￪СˣǵװʲôİôܣܣǸʲô 
Ҳǿ㰡ҲһһЦ 
ߣᣡת˵ܿҲ㣬Ϊҡ 
ΪǹѾһӵˣأûһҷˣܿҪŶǿŶ 
 
ܿܿ᲻ԼأôӦأ




Σ3

ҲҲ
飬޻ȥһǵߣô찡绨СΪأң
ϣ˯ڷ룬ˡôҵͻô༬ֵİأ
ѵǡ
ΣôأӰȷе˵ӦǰָҰɣ
ţȻ⴫ŵʣ˭
ȥţܿͷվ⡣
Ҿȵʣܿãô˻ȥ˯վ𰡣
һ˯

ʲôʴЦ
ҽ͵ܿ㣬ⲻаŮܲףôһ˯أңֲʲôˣһΰ
磬𣿡
ҡûаҲ㣬ֻǣĲܰ
˵ûУˡ֪кܶţҲмбֳƯʲô
ܿĲǸ˼ҡ
һû˵꣬˹סң˵磬ԸⲻԸ⣬Ҷˡ
죡ȻңѵһоûŮ˰ĸоĪ̫ɻܵˣ
ͻȻűײһͷһ飡úֵ쿴Ц飬һĲȻ
ܿãû뵽չô찡˵
ǰһֱҡ
㲻ҪйŬŶ
飬ܿطϢ
ܿһϢɡ˵
ˣҪֵʲôʱ򰡣ôճ
һ˵ңܿȥϢǣʲô𣿡
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һҹȥ
ڶ죬ҺϽ֡ôá
˵ֱȥﲻݣȻǸԩ˵߹ץȻ󡭡
ɫԣûм˵
˵ʲôʱܳһ˼Ⱑ΢˽ð򲻵ѵʱ˵ˣݣЩ߹پͻݺÿ֤ݣƾʲôô˵
Ҿ˵öԣǲ̫³ç¡˵
ǡҾ̫鷳һʲôΣաǰζǧһҲǡң˭вܱ֤ÿζô˳˵
 
 
Ҿ˵ĶԣǲÿζðôķաңǳЩʱˡ·˻ûһ룬ǲǵ̫ʱˡ˵ 
֪ǣǿÿһط飬Ȼˣֲܲܡ֪ʱǺܶ࣬ǣʲôܱ˽ռҪأ 
ĻҲеԸܹɡˣҰǵг̲˸߹ʦˡһǱƽǱҲкܶҪһЩӼӻҪԴ⼸վͻЩ͵ЩӻҪһ¡ǵг̣ܻᡭӡһ߽ҡ 
ǿǣС͵ҽе 
ҿһС͵͵˵ʲôҴûС͵¶ˣæȾܡҲһҪ׷ 
ҪܣС͵վסұܱߺ 
׷һС 
һշסС͵Ұץס˵ι컯֮͵㶼е߳׬Ǯ㻨ܰͲö𣿣 
ƾʲô˵С͵֤𣿡 
찡찡㻹ҽƱ磡ҴС㻳ʲôó˵ұȥĶһɰ 
һźɰǰɣ㿴ʲô㻹Ҫ֤ݣ͵֤ݣ߾ˣ˰ɡ߰ȥ٣ߣ 
֣ƾʲô˵ɰ͵ģ 
ҿ˰ 
㿴֤Լĺɰݺˣ 
ʲôһ㣿ǺãҪС͵Ϊʲô鰡ɰҪ͵ģҺʱʲô 
˵ʲô֤ݰ˵ɰ͵ģ˭֤úɰ֤ɰ𣿡 
СסôƷСأʲôأ




Ʒ

ˣС͵֪ڸġ㣬㣡ով͵ĺɰϣǲĶ˵
ҵģ
ʲô
Ƶؿң˵ԩˣС͵Ҫȥ٣ô˭Ĵ
˵ʲôɰģΪʲôҳϰ㺦ʲôʡ
Ǹ˵ģǣҵİ
˵ѵԩ𣿡˵·ʡ
겻Ҫꡣλ磬㣬ĶΪʲôϳϣǺ𣿡
ҲϽ˵ǰԹаѹ㺦ʲôĶĶΪʲô˵أ룬ôѪǮԸⶼǸͶС͵𣿾ΪˣȱУа鲻ȥֹҲǱֹа֮Ż᲻ϵӡǲף͵ô񣬱͵ȴôңôǼΪŰܺĻԼ𣿡
˵ͷ
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Ҷڳ˵ɰλġô˵ʲô𣿡
˿ңпС͵ȥ˵ֻܴ󵨵˵Ҫ£һġ
ǣҵġɰӸġһӡдƽĸ֡
ҰѺɰʾڡҿ˵ûɰġǸղС̯кܶˣҲûȷ֤˵һ͵ġԣǿҰѲӾҿ
 
 
һʯǼҵĴұҸȡġĲС͵ĻҰȥáʯһ𣿡 
˵ʲôʲôʯҲҪ 
Ҫ飡ҵĲʯҪ˵ѵģͻᷢû˵ѣ²ʯ𣿡 
˿ң˵ð˭˭Ͳ⣬ 
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ҶˣץסǸС͵֣˵㻹˵㲻С͵㻹ҵ𣿡 
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ҪǰɣǺðǱߵļˣǵ쿪ס 
Ǳߵ˰쿪ÿ϶иղҺ͵ֻͣûС 
Сɫʱˡ 
˵ǿ˰ͽ飡ͲʲôʯҸոպ͵ϡ͡ΪС͵ֺ±˴㣬˵ǲʯ㲻͸ӱ¶ġ˵ѵԶģ֪ϸͲʲôʯ㺦ˣ 
˵ЩԱߵ˷׷׹ơ 
Ǵ 
ǣΪ 
СԹԵ־ܡ 
ѽְƽһ£Ҹ̾ 
ƽС͵ϵõʲôأʲô취ܿأ




ӣ1

,Һصܿҡ
ܿĴǲǺѽ
ܿͷ˵ûȵ컹ѡüҶȥɸвͨûʮŶ˰
ſڳϿǮûǮᵽ⻰˼ˡЩ߹٣̫ɺˣȻѰյѪǮӻǣһӵ飬ͷ˸ʲôѵǶĿĲΪ˱ЧңʵֵΪաǶʲôãʲôֱӻؼׯأˣ
˵һͨŷܿĿתؿҡ
ʣ㿴Ҹʲô
ЦЦ˵ûʲôǾã˧ңӸղǷҸоǸʵƵġֻǵŮȻĻһľͰ㵱أ
ǣ𣿡
԰
Ϊ˲ĻɣҸæϣôᰡǸˣһϴ֣ӿȶˣŮǧ˰̬һЦһһζ飬а
ȿȿȣһҡ
ͻȻ֣Լǲе̫ˣ
ܿʱˣңӣĪǿϻˣ
ҿ
԰˵飬޲ʾ˶ӵ顣ѵӲǶ𣿲ˡСŮ˵󲻾ĻɣӵĳɫͿ㣬ӻʷǿ϶ˡ
ܿڳԴˣɲҪܿⰡ˵
԰԰Ӷˡ
ߣˣ֪˵ǺϹŪɵ־棡
ֻǲǣҪңô֧ǸǸȵȣа취ˣ
ɻؿңʣô˰
뵽ôΣһûһǮ
ʲô취
ȥС͵
һڲ˳˵ʲôС͵
ҵͷ˵԰ôҪȥⷸ͵ҲãҲãôĿֻһҪùٱԼץߣȻؽΡĻǲܽȥڴǻлԽӽܿĸ硣ǻԲ취ôðɣ磬ֱ̫ˣҶԼŰ
ЦţͻȻúֵң飬÷ǳӱӵҰ졣
ҽͰ͵ʣʲô𣿡
ֱǣ̫ˣ˵
ߣԼ벻취ҵⲻãһøеİܿϢɡ
طҰϡʣ֣صǣľҵİ취ãһõȡԴ벻Ͱ˵İ죡
˵Уⲻͬⲻͬ⣬⣬һӺôܹȥС͵Ȼùٱץأ̫ˣҲ
Ťͷ˿˵ҵĿ͹شһ߳жأô֣£
 
 
ιʲôʱôŽ˰õܴһ˰ҰǺúһ룬ѵǻбİ취𣿡 
ң취ûСҿݣûʲôǲðģҲһܽ£Ҫôأ 
飬㵽Ҫ˵ٴŻ΢˽ã˵ݣܰ𣿡 
ǲ𣿡 
ˣû취ͨ 
飬еӺòð̿ʲô壿ѵźܽ㲻𣿻˵ʲôӺɷ򣬶أӺɷģºţѩײɣǶУ飬㣬Ӻְ 
ңνʡһƷΡ 
Ǻãʡʣ 
ԹžҪòԵǷӡ 
ͺã飬ּ 
Ȼ˵꣡ 
ǣղúֶΣһҪôΣмǲ˺աշͷж 
ּл 
ҾˣɽĺųԣҪַǲſϾͷ 
أкϷˣ˯þ˾ɣ 
ڶ죬ҾͱǽѡʵһҪʼˣҶеȲˡ 
ǻʲôôأֻôЦأ




ӣ2

ϴ꣬˷ܿ˵ܿǼҪȥسˡһңܲ㣬ңйأ㻹ǾرܡԼڼҺúôţϢһһʱ֪ͨ㣬òã
ܿ˵ӣǳΣô죿
ģǾԲµġ˵
԰ʱ򣬳µĻ֪˭أ˵
˿ǣͨһ¹򵽵ϣ˵λӵĴ£ŮʵΪλܽҸȳΣСŮԸӵĶ飡
һͦжģ仰ҵĸжظ˻ȥֻ㣬ɴû˵Ҫ㰡һعͷͷ͵Цߣ
һسǡҶ˵Ϊ˲ע⣬Ƿͷжǵã֮ǰһҪﰡ˰ݰݣ
˵ҾȲˡǺǣѾôȥˣ
Ҫίһ¡ĳСüˣ
ͻȻԶиСüй䣬Сü˧˧ˣ
߹ȥǸСüļ˵СüûȤ͸Һȱ谡
Ǹüһ˦ҵ˵𰡣߿
Цѽʲôһȸ
ҲҪ
ˣСüʲôģ
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ʲôңޣʲôأҸ㣬㲻ʲô뷨ΪѾˣ
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ǺǣɫǣƺҺġǵ÷̵ʱҲһ쵽ôɵġǺǣôûе߹ءһ˲䣬Щˡ
عǸСüѾˡܰ;ϰ
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û£а˵ȤǿУҲİ
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ôҶ֣𣿡
ʲô᲻õģֲʲôˣ
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㣬㡭
˵ˣһʲôطⰡ㿴ңòѵһҼҺǮзгֱʯ
ƿ챻ҵˣ˵㣬һξ㣬ҪٲĻҾϴȥã
͵仰أ
б¾ͰǸ𣿡
 
 
ûУУ 
һͷȥһվŭҡ 
ʣι壬ĸλİҶûпðİ 
δŵӣ컯֮µϷδŵӣֱǲ֪߳ܣߣȥ˵קҵ·ߡ 
ǳˡұݵĺúõģ͵Źٸˣû뵽·ɱҧȻŮװұϾϻǸŮİôôק 
˵ιιι˵һòð·ǹƣζ֪֪ǧǮһأ𣿡 
죡ȻҾ㣡߷ߵ˵ 
˵ˣǼƣ˵Ļảһ٣ 
ţͱѲֵĹٱץ˸š 
Ǹе˵үСӾȻ컯֮µϷҵδŵӣڳԣǷᡣҰүϣүϼӴãһ 
˿˿ң˵СӣͦüĿô°̣ˣ 
ȻԺ˵ߡ 
ҾͱһȺϴִˡ߻Ǹ󺺵Ľ´ҪٸҵϷŮͲˣҷ㲻ɣ 
ƣºţѩײɣ治˵˵˰ 
ţҿֶҲһȺٱһˡ 
ȵȣǸǣ𣿣 
ڴģû뵽ȻˣУֵһߣǸ 
̫ˣ 
ڽϾ˹ôôأΪαأ




ӣ3

һ˵˵ʲôģôô˵ϷҸŮ
һҲ˵˵㿴Ҳץһǲָָ˵
ɲ㿴Ҳ˰ôһôҶڽϽֵϷҸŮأ
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һ£Ǹۣʣո˵ʲôҶڽϵϷŮ𣿡
ǰ𣿺һֵĺܣö޵úܣôּ˵°
˵ҲڴϵϷŮ𣿡
԰
һͷǣɫҰסˣ
þȫ˳
ҵġʨ𹦡ûм˷¯˰ڴҶúֵ쿴ҡ
쵰ǾҵϷҸŮǲǲǣ
һ˵Ϲʲô㻹˵˼أ㲻ҲϷŮ˵ʲôģϷŮڿͷ
ҲŲأҺ,˭뵽ķģǣǵԽԽ˰ϷŮѵе߳Ƕô飬߳𣿡
һ˵̫үƵģ˭Ͽأ㲻ҲһϷŮ𣿡
ҳ㶮ƨһҵϷǵϷһ𣿡
ôѵ㻹ܵϷ仨
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ð㣬˴֪ڸģȻ⸱ԣ
Уѵû㻹һ֪ڸģû˵
˷ˣֱǷˣ˻˵ʲôѺΣȺо
ôأ
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չûǿڣҾ˵ʲôҪ˵ڲκν͡
Ҳû취ǻΣǱڷﰡӺɷΥڵ£˵
˵ʲôڣǺЦ͵٣թƭΥڵ¡ǵϷŮأӦ£𣿡
 
 
ǲ˼յĿΪ˽ֲΪ׷ôġ͵٣ô󲻻Ҫ𣿡 
ǰ˵㲻ҲΪϷŮ𣿡 
һҵϷǵϷһʵ𣿡 
ǿȻǲһģǣ˿һ˰˵ 
԰㲻Ҫ˺òãˣǸʲôİ˵ 
˵֪ˣҲ˵̫ˣ´ΣҪٸҡҾϳͲ 
΢ּС˵ 
ߣ 
㿴һô죿 
ҿȻҪѰܿĸ磬Ȼ飬ٰϴˢԩ 
ȻѾôһЩ᰸һ϶ңһǲܽӽġңѾҪĶôף˵ 
ѵҲ֪ҵȻ֪Ҳ޹ 
Ҳԡ 
˵һʤ߼ǲܼȡܿôĹԸΪһȥҪиʲôôһСЩ̰ٶ۸Źأܰ𣿡 
˵硣 
¸ô 
˴չսҡ 
ֻôأǼܿĸ𣿣




̽ࣨ1

˵鰡,Ҫ,Ǯ¸¸Щͷ,˵Ҫܿĸ,ô
ûкܶǮ
ôûأ
˵ô֪ô鷳ҲûǮϾͼɢӣôð
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ԴŶһ
ʣԸ⽫
Ը⡣ܷԸ
书ӦòѰɣ
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ȻӳȥǮõǮԱʱ֮衣
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԰Ҹ㣬ʲôǮׯȥȥ̫үļȥһ̰˺ܶǮԣ͵úѡŪ
⡭شˣ⣬𣿡
Ŀǰֻˡ
Ժ䶼˯ˣĵط˳ȥãβǺܣҲܽ
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仰һΪˡܰҺΪ˷ֹǻɣηĸɲ˸ˣñϡ˵˯ˡ
̽ʣôֻأ㿴ǿأ
󵨣ƭңǳԲ˶ߣ
˭ƭ˰
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аʲô˼
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˵ʲô
ǮһЩҪʲôġ
 
 
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ʵҲ֪һָо 
ǺǣѵҲǡŮ˵ֱ 
ʲôʲôŮ˵ֱ 
ûʲô 
ͻȻԱηִһλʦ֣ʦܣ 
ʲôһ㶣ȻЦʦ֣ʦܣǶʦ𣿹Ȼ˵λ˵ô䣡εʲô߰˰ 
ϣмҪ˵ 
ʲô 
ӼӰȻܴ͵ģʦǻͣЩ飬Ҫ 
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û٣Ҳ߰ʮɡ 
ʲôҲг߰ʮô𣿵ʲô°Ҫ⣿ 
Ҳ֪Ҫӣ΢ôأ 
찡Ұ̾ͲҺúͣһ𣿡 
ϣҪͷΰ 
Ұһۣ˵ѵҲ֪Ҿ΢˽þѾҺƣˣټôӣ찡ذӵʲôʱǸͷǰѧʱǱԺҵѹţڵ˻ʵۣԭΪܹУ˼帣ʳû뵽ҪЩѹ 
ľ𣿡 
԰ 
ôǲ;ذɡ 
ʲô˼ 
趨·̿е㳤ˣҪһͻȥɣ´΢˽õʱٳԺеʱ䡣ңҲεе㳤ˡ 
󣬻Ǵô˾̾Ϣأôأ




̽(2)

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һˣ˵
ô㵽ǮûУҼеʡ
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٣˵һģ
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ȻҵǮҲȫǹİ
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˵룬Ӧ̰˹ǮȻһ˽ҤЩǮˣǮһǮ¾ûйˡͿԴ󷽷Ļӻˡ
˵Ķԡ
ˣһ͵˼ԪΪ֤ݡ˵
֪ˣôЩ˽Ҥ˾Ͳ淢𣿡ʡ
ôˡ߶棬ⲻǽԴϲ˵淢ôЩٶһġ
һ죿ѵ֪ϻи죿ôأûа޷УЩ˽ҤˣΪôһ˽ðڲˣڲˣܰǾ̰ǵǮ𣿡յ˵
ǰĲŰ
֪ˡ
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ߣҵҪˣʲô
ɱ³ç°
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үԼ
ѹ󡣡
صû˵ߣ϶ǱҸ˵ˣȻôôţҪѹ٣
Ҿô²ס˵
 
 
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Ҿôһ˵϶ǲ鰸ܻѡ 
£϶а취ģ 
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֪ˡɸ񡣡 
ʲô 
㲻Ǯȥ¸䣬취Ǻܿĸһ档 
֪ˡ 
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ʲôĵģ 
ϣʲôˣ 
𣿡 
˵ţ磬˵ͳһԪǰ˻Ρ 
Ǹ䵱ʱɵˣʣǣҪʲô 
˵Ҫһ˷д£ 
 
˵磬ʶʱΪܣӦʲô˼ɣ 
ȷд¡ 
ôܴܲȥ 
ǻ¸ͷ˳ܿĸǻᱻ˷𣿣




̽(3)

ȥ
óһԪǰ˻ΡϾ˻ƵģֵͷֹǮʲôӡ
˵ǽɣϴҶ˯ˣҴȥ
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Ҷ˵ɣǽĹٲȡٺ»ĹԱʲôԣ˵ǮʹĥҿǮʹĥƹ
ģ˵ôôܱ֤ûأӴˣʲôûа
˵ҲԣҾǿ
㿴ߵˣѵ㶼ҪΪҪˣ
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ָǸһԪֺǺǵˡ֮ǰǣΪ׳ʿҪ̫ˣ˵Сһ㣬ǰһǵġ
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׳ʿ㲻ҪôֻۣҪ㻹û̳з̵ĻᡣȱԼй˵
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Һһҳͷ
˵׳ʿ㲻Ҫ¡ǻߵղ󳼣רžΪ˲ӵġҪʲôԩ飬;˵ɡһģ
ʲô㣬ǻߵˣ
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ؿ˿ǣЦ˵ôأܵġ
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Ұ˵׳ʿˡΪӣΪշǵķ֮¡
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Ҳǻϵղ˵ 
ĸ׼ְ顣 
ӻң˵ллλˡû뵽һçȻ뵽ղˣǣһ 
˵׳ʿǵʱ䲻ˡͱˣ˵ϸظǡ 
õġ˵Ҳ׳ʿˣҽɸ磬ܿĸ磬ұһ 
ȵȣҴ˵һ 
԰ 
Сңô˰ 
ҿ˿˵㣡⻹ף 
ʲôʡ 
ƣ 
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һ£һȻı顣찡ΪʲôǴҪı 
ˡ˵ 
˰ 
λôˣ 
ûʲôҵ˼ǣԩǴŶµˡ 
ŵʣ棬𣿡 
ǵȻҶͷ 
ǵ̽˳𣿲ᱻ˷ɸʲô𣿣




(1)

֪ˣ㲻˵̰˺ܶǮƣȻЩǮˣǮ׳ʿ϶Ϊͬ٣űԩݺġ˵
ӣǴ˵̫ˣҾǲűǸԩ˵ģڣĲ֪ôˡ
ڣҲҵ̰۵֤ݣ֤֤ڣҵҪǸٻʲôţģ˵
𣿡ʡ
˵ʲôʵģ
ѵˣںǸ˵
Ҽǵãǣֻôˡ˵
׳ʿ˿û˵
Լ쵽Ǹͷˣλүʱˣ߰ɡһҲý
֪ˣ׳ʿģˡ
η飺˼ǣβ𣿡
ҾãûбҪݣôһ֣ѾǷˣǵıҲ˵
˵Ҳԣ¾ͽ죬ؼǣҲƾܿһˣƺе֤ݲ㡣˵
бۿ˿˵ͷ˰ѧʱ˰
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Ҿ,ǰԽԽá
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ʲô֣
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ˣأ˵
ȻǶ˵Ҳûʲô˵ģһĸо̫ˣţҾ˯ˡ
һǡûʲôΣûʲôӵǼ򵥵ģһ
ұѣô˰
үʻأ
ֱˣβͬǣǱլ֣Ҫʲô
˰
û۾ûѵ˰˵
㣬úúãҲҽ֤飬ϣϡ
ʲô˵
һΪϷŮǲѺͽⱾʲôһֻҲ޷Ϊʲôѵﲻ𣿡
ʲôߣޣôŰûкóԵûкģȵĲȵηȵģҲȵģôȵĵطҲŲأҷ
Ҹ㣬Ҫҵԡ
ҿóǿŭ𣬺ߣһһӵأ
֪ү֪Щʲô˵
 
 
˵԰㲻˵ô֪֪Ҳ֪Ҫ֪Ķʲô㲻˵Ҫ֪ĶʲôǵȻͲ֪֪ĶʲôҲû취֪ĶҲ֪ҪǸ֪ĶʲôҲ֪֪Ķʲôǲ֪ܰĶҲ֪ʲôǣô֪֪Щʲô㻹ûиҪ֪ĶΪǸ֪Ҫ֪Щʲô 
ߣСҾͲҵ̻Ʋ㣡 
øӵ쿴ңôҵĹ˰ɣ 
ˣʲô߰ģƵҶˣǣǽΣǲǹģ 
һ仰˵ҲǺ֣ô֪Ϊʲôỳɣѵ©˷ܰ 
һԺ⵽Ϊʲô 
ѻӹ˵үǻῪЦ˹Ҫηأ˵ηʲôõİ 
˵⻰ûиݵģͬһ챻ؽͬǵϷŮ˸оƵģ𣿡 
ûˣѵⶼ𣿶󱿵ƫƫҪѡϷŮܲ 
˵үڵһֻǲ²⣬û֤ݣǻǻ붨ǵܵҪ֤ݰɣ 
֤ܻеģġ 
ߣ֮Աǣûõ֤ݣǾͻʰˣ 
һи⣬ʶܿĸ𣿡 
ʲôҾ 
ʣʶܿĸ𣿡 
ôܣѵҲˣɾͲðˡ 
ҲҪװǻƣʲôܿʲô磿ǿɲʶ 
ͻȻ֣ٺܲ򵥣ĲöԸǰЩô죿 
ķʲôǸôӦԱ˵Ļأֻỳʲôأ




(2)

ʶǺáǻʶġ
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ʵһʼͱƭˣЩ˶ǹٻĵġһ룬ҪҪ˷ǿططô׵ؾͼطڿʱҪ棬һͼǮܼ𣿡
˵öԣôû뵽
˼ǡ
;֣ôû뵽أ
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˵¶𣿡
ҲҪʲôʱ򰡣ڹˣô죿㻹иЧİ취𣿡
 
 
о仰֪ 
ѽüëˣ㻹קģ 
ҵ˼ǣε˽ˣǾͻȥɡ 
Ϊʲô 
һʱ̫ˣҲȫһٱ¶һ¡˵ 
֪ˣٿɡ 
ˣҲ˵ĸҪǸ̰Ĺٴˣ 
ʱȣҪ찡 
˵飬УǲԴУӦȥС 
ô 
취ӳȥ 
 
ˣǵóȥӦ 
⣬û书ôȥ 
û书Ӱ취 
롭 
Խ 
Ǹˡ˵ûа˵ʲôأҽҸٰ 
ҵ˼ǣҿ԰ǡ 
ǣ 
ҰǴӳȥ 
˵ʲôʡ 
˳Խֻ̳ᷢʲô£ܾĸ𣿣




̳(1)

ʣܰԽ𣿡
ǵȻ
ʲô취𣿡
Ұˣǿڵĵص
Σû뵽Ӱصսֵĵصذǰһе㲻̫Ӧ
ô׼𣿡
ǰ˵Ҳԩģ˵ص׼ӳȥϾȥ״
Һһۣ˵Ͼˣٻ˶ˡ飬ˣߣսپ
õġ
ϡ
Һ˳ŵص˴Ρ
ʣϣҪȥ
ȥܿļǸͷˡ
֪ˡ
Һһ·񱼵ܿļţܿãŰǻˡ
˰죬ʲôӦûС
鿴˿ңһŰ߿ǽȥһһ˶ûУ
ô£ûˣ°ɣ
ô죿ܿʲôΣ𣿡
֪أôҲûԼʱ𣿲Ū𣿡
ûдѵҲʲô𣿡
ϣȲҪϹ룬˵ǶҪˣң书ôߣʲôµġܿü࣬Ҳµģġ
Ҳûбİ취ֻúš
ʱһһţǻûӰļ١
ңϣô찡춼ˣ磬׳ʿҪ˴˰
һڣ˵ȱ˵룬Һúȡ
ȻеסˣʱҾҪס
ʱ仹ţô죿
Уûʱˡ飬ߣ
ϣҪȥ
ȥٷ
ʲʲôҪٷԤô٣Ƕû书Ȼˣݣ˭һŪɳ׾ô죿
ҲڸɵǿҴӦܿ£ѾΣĹͷǻʱʧô죿Ϸ԰ʧˣԺʲôͳķ»˭ʵۣʲôܣ飬ҪԸͺһȥԸŰɣҲ㡣
ϣ˵ʲôôһˣðȥٷأ
㲻ǡ
ҶҪ㡣
ǾͱķʱˣǸϽȥɣ˾ˣ
Һһ·񱼵˷ΧѾΧ˺ܶˣӿҪˡ
Һ˶һ˱Ź
Ҷ˵飬㿴ǸˣͲϼǸˣǱˣˣǴһʼͱ˸ˣˣ
 
 
⹷з 
ɶһʼͱˣ 
ã 
ôˣ飬㺰ʲô 
һʼͱƣôڣǵһһǲҲ֮У 
˼ǣҪ£пȫ֪ 
û 
ô죿ܵȥˣôڹϸҵӰ 
Ҳû취һҾƿ֮УҲûа취ֻӲˣٿ治򵥰 
һҿһЩٲǸˡ 
ɶ񣡡 
һ߰οңȱ𼱡ǵȵٿ 
ֻǹ˵ɱ͢١ 
ߣʲô߰ģ޷ǸһĪеȻɱô޹ˡ 
ӣھ͵ʱˣ 
㵽ܵȥ˰ 
ϣڸô죿ʱ쵽ˡ 
𼱣롣 
ǿϾҪͷˣ 
ǰⲻǸ𣿲ͦʵôö˶˵ȥ̿أ 
˵ϲⰡ 
ûнٷأȥûиϹأ




̳(2)

̧ͷ,ʱ쵽,ô죿
ߵǣȻڵ壬ûİ
ʱѵ׼̡
ô찡飬Ҫˡ
Ҳ֪ʱôģҲȺ˳ȥ黹ûüסңѾ˳ȥ
ҵҪ˭Ϊ
ΪҴ
Χ˶ò۹⿴ҡ
ס֣ˣҺ
˸µģַˣ£
⹷٣Ѿҵ۾ϵ֤ݣ㻹ԹԵ־ܣ
ʲô۾ϣﰡ
Զߣǰ
һ仰һƬȻ
Ǹٶؿ˿ңͻȻЦʲôǾ֪ʲô
Ȼ죡
죬ð˸£
ҿ˭ңҲ˳
飡
ǣģ
٣Ҹ㣬һʬģ˵
ңʬð
һСС֥٣Ȼʥǰˣ磡㲻ҪԴˣ˻ϣ¹򣿡˵
ϣߣû׷ðϣðղ󳼵£ˣǻҴַõ
ߣ˽⣬ԩˣɱڣգõ
ϻ˵£׼̣
˵꣬һѷĲӿҺ顣ô죿书Ҫھͺˡ
⹷٣һҪʬ
ˡ
Ǹ˵ǲǷˣ϶ð䣿
һ˵΢˽أ˵
ϲŮ𣿰ѵŮװĪǸŮǻϣ
⹷٣Ƿְһһߴ󺰣ǲҪ˰֪˭𣿡
ҹ˭ҪٲʵҾͲˣ
ʲôһССĲۣҲðң
Ҹ˵꣬͸еһʹһͷһһɷݺݵؿҡ
ҪˣСˣȻڱң
Ҫĵ̣Һֹǰ㣡

һУ˵˸հҵǸϣŤʱҳһ࣡
飡ҲϽȥ
קңҲ˭ˣ۾Ҵôأͺʽһnһ˭Ҳ֪˭
죬⻹𣿣
һ֮ȻЩڷϴȺܣ
ϣΣհ
飬飬ĸ˵ң
ҾסһҵĲ˵ӣ㲻˰ǰ㻹ŴǲǰҺİǱ𣿡
һȭȥıѪ˳
 
 
˵ǣܿĸҲסˡ 
찡˷ˣϼˣ 
̨µ˸ɵˣǳôİûأ 
찡ǿ˰ 
϶ǻϣлϺ˴Ⱥܵģ 
ͨͨס֣ 
ѰȥҿһϤף 
ǵģôؼʱ̲ųְΪ˭Լʥ˰ 
һȵȣǡҵ־߹˵꣡ 
һȺҲ˵꣡ 
ΧϰҲһɵˣæ¡ղŰңǴȺܵĲһңŵҲ˵һֱ¡ 
ϣ΢ȼ٣Ͻ˵ 
ϣû°ɣܿ˵ 
㣬֪ˣ 
ǣ˶ˡ 
ҲղǴһܣþˣͻȻһʹһ˹ȥ 
ϡ 
(ûǸô۴أʲôأ)




Ѷ

Ƕߣи˽˰ɡ
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ϣ΢Ѿһ˵ץΣķ䡣˵
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ǸΪʲô
ʵҲǺϹ㣬ܿΪж
ܿЦɲҵʱ룬ܾȳҸ磬Ҿأ
ǰʵܿĵòڣҪеģ϶ҲȢأ
Ůôҵءܳȥ־ʱҾˣԭӾǵӣʱ𾪻𾪡ڳ˸жǸж
˵ޱӽʲôģת룬̫ˣϲ⣬ô϶Կġ㻹и磬޾ʹǧ͸úõɡ
ܿɫŵ˵⣬ôأϣŮôܵ𰡣
ɵѾͷ㼰ʱ־ΧǾȼأ޵ôܲлأ
ǣ⣬δ̫ˡ
޵ĻɣȻǿּˡ
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΢ﳼԩˣǸա
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ﳼﳼ
ˣ㲻˵ˡ⹷ٿ϶ʹ߿졣İտ϶Ͳذɣ
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ﳼ֪ﳼ
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΢ּ
ϣҽ˹
ǴˣʵҲ룬ǲǸûعˡ
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õģʵ΢Ҳôġ˵
ԣ΢͹شҲ£ˣǻһȰȥء
ڲȰˣԼͻȥˡ
Ϣɡ
գҺ·ˣǼҪعˡ
 
 
ϣһҪౣأһġ 
ܿãѹǻġϾҰ´΢˽õĻء 
𣿡 
ģϷԡ 
ϣǸ·ˡ 
֪ˣܿãǻȥɡҲҪ·ˡ 
ϣذ 
ˣÿζҪƺе㲻̫Ӧˡܲζ 
ϣӦȥֿʡ˵ 
֪һءˣǾȥؼҲ̫˲ơ 
Ļعڰ·ϻʲôأǻ˵ʲôأ




ع(1)

ϣҺ˸ջס
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôԸȥǾ̫ҲΪҾʲô鷢ɡ
Ҹ˯£ͱһѡһһСʯͷһֽ
ҵĵǳǿ
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ȵȣҿּϤ
֪ˣ࣡
ѵʲôҪжôɸˣȻΪʲôֻһȥأ
˼ǰ󣬾ԼȥȽϺáϾ鶫ֻ֪һǷˣ»ʲô㡣ѵºй
˯һϡ
峿ϴһ£ʷűԼĳˡ
ֵĲ¥Σ᲻ݰܽ¥һҿʼΪҴأ
Ҹ£˾ˡ
סϹðǺþòˡ
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δʳ
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ˣ͹٣ԵƬ̡
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£
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ǡ
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ǵģˣֻشʣôҳأ
ѽ˵Ҳʱˣ㻹ҪʲôĲ̫ܳãʱ䶼˷ڳԷҿҪˣҵ˼𣿡˵
ǡ
س˷ұߺȲн
˿ܣûˡѹ˵ЩӲ鰸ùʦǿɣǧġ
ʦΪʲô
ϳ͹ʦһֱͣҲܹûлسʱϳ͹ʦϳȵΣȵ۲ŽȨϳϳܽʦʱѹ¡ڣǻ˥ΨʲôΪ˵
룬ˣ˼ǣѵ췴
ϳû˼ңǣش췴Ĵ˭췴
ҾͲˣûҪ췴ѵǿᣬѴȨ𣿼ƾʦܶأ
˵Ҳе𰡡
˼ǣʼնֻһܻʵۣ𣿡
⣬ϳ˼
ʲôú˵ѻ˵ва˵ô𣿡ʡ
ϳ
ڲ˵ʱ򣡡
ǣ΢ܾãʦһֱ͵йϵ
ʲôйʲôй
 
 
ѵˣʮǰǳսǽڹ᰹һƽ١ҹأ᰹Ҳûкõȥһֱǳսڼ飬ڼǹʦ 
ҲԼĶ䣡 
ԭΪʦֻǲЦֻǺ֮ΪȨϵ¶ϣû뵽ʲôѹͶе顣 
ҲΡΡʣˣ㣡ȻȻ㣬ôҲ㣡ӦףѹͶпɲСñɲҿ۰ҪԼ˵Ļ𣡡 
ϳףΪʵȱյ֤ݣϳҲ˵һѹͶ֮ˣҲΪϳͲô˵ֻǣϳӴʱˣټϳΪټʮܸ꣬ÿһŵ˰ɣ 
ʣʲôŵ 
˭ģ˭Ǽٵģ˭ҽĹ˭ҽݺ꣬ϳܿɡ 
˼ˡ 
ԣΣϣҪСİ 
˵˶ԹʦĻɣأĻỳʲôΣأ




ع(2)

أҪȥҪһعɣ
ϳع
Ҫȥһ˼ңΣյġ
ϣϳĵľǽİΣǻϵİΣ
ֻ֪ǣ鲻Ѿ˽𣿡
ûС
ʣΪʲôûУʲô𣿡
ϳĿǰ˵Ҳ˵塣ǣϣϳֻ˵һ㣬Ĵϳסϳ˵ĻϣΨһܹȫˣֻϳϳ֮ˡ֣ص˵
ʲôѵٹ٣޾ͶҪˣ˵ƺ̫ˡʹŽ֮ˣ˭һͳ£ķ˭ûйʵ۵Σǣƾһ˵Щ󳼲ţƺе̫ˡңˣҲǺܿŵġҺƶ˵
ϣѵˣǹʦƼİ
ʲô˼ǣѵҲɿ
ϳûаʾʲôϳ˵ˣһжǽĴȫϳĻϡϳԵϳʲôû˵ȻҲ˵һʲô֮ġϳ˼ǣȻղ˵ʵ˭뵱ôһΣյĽɫԣһǧġϳڹⰵбġϳӱһһ໥Ӧõġ˵
֪ˡ
ǣΪ˲˵Ļɣϳˡ
˱ء
ϱء
߰
࣬һ·߶֣˻ɹʦҿ⣬ΪʲôҪǣأ
Ĺ
ûǵȷʵǹʦŵģѵʦоѵʲôĿĵ
һһطҰ
ѵһжƼ󣿣
ܣԲܣ
ıоģ˵ǰͨйɡôڹ䱸ɭϣǲ֡ڣڹⰡ΢˽ôãкְܶ
Ϊʲôǳٳٲأ
ңһ·϶չмΣΪðաⲻװװİ
ԣ϶Ǹˣ
ʦʲôԵĵطԲģ
飬ǣ
ţһӰǰһ
ʲôˣ
һȡˣ
Ҿʲô㵽ʲôˣ֪˭𣿡
Ȼ֪֪һأ
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ǺãҪɱңҲԣƾ书˵һңһٸһǧҲֵסǣҲҪף㵽ʲôˣ˭ɱޣʡ
㲻֪Ҫ֪ȥʵظ־ɣ

һýҴҲܾôɱ
򲻹һ㲻
Ҳͣ㿪һ߶һʺһںüˣң
鰡ܲϬҰ
 
 
ܣ 
̵ģɵӣĵҰ׳հվɱҰҺ 
бվű𶯣 
б׷ң 
ģ㻹ܣ 
ѵģҾܣ 
Ҳҵˣ 
²ˣûиȥֻ˵ߡˣ϶ȲǾˣ 
ôôù֪ͲҪˣִеһͨͨСְԱأż˾ͬ˵˵벻ʲôΣհ 
ڵˣ˻ʵۣȴǸʵۣҸҪʵ۰һʧǧźް 
Ļᱻɱ𣿻᲻أǸ˭أ




ع(3)

ˣ
԰ˣҽر۾ȴ١
֣ôְ
ſ۾Ǹ̿Ѿ˵ϡ
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л׳ʿȡ
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Ҳ˼ЦЦ˵֪Ů֣ʵǺܱǸл֮
Ӳض񡣡
ʹӺʲôԸΪҪϾɱ
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Ŷǹ͸Ͽؼȥɡ
վϵ˵λ书ôǿΪʲôҪСطΪβȡһչͼأ
ϲ壬ϲ
˵Ҳԣ˸־ҲǿǡɣҸһʱ俼ǣϸҴ𸴡Ը⣬͵ҡҸɣǾԲԿġ˵ţݸǿջĵַ
ǡ
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ǣǰ˵֯Բǿأ
û갡𣿣Ҿ߶ѣҲôˣܳʲô°Ҵǡ
ô׸ʲôȥˡ
ҲܸҲ㱻̿ɱ£Ϊذզǣˣ¿ܾͻᱩ⡣ˣһһɡ
Ҿڸ
˵꣬ұطˡ
һҵķţʣʲôʱԳ
ҿţ˵ȥй
ˡҶ˵ȥ֪ͨĹٸϳԤ죬Ҫعˡ
Ϊʲô߰ʡ
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ƣѵҾҪеĶ¶ڹ컯֮ҾͲеԼ飬ԼҵһһʲôʲôʲôΪܲˣ
ҰŴ򿪣˵ֹʲôأ
ˣ
ûȻˣ
Ŷ
 
 
ߣҲˣ 
ôҲǻʲôġ˰ɣ 
գԹ緹˹ڷš 
ʾҪҪ 
ڵȵȰɡ 
쵽ʱˣұѾеĻ䣬׼ʰˡҪҡ 
ǣˣ 
ҽ飺˽ 
ֵּȥˡ 
м䣬ߡоǲе찡 
ýˣƾ֣ʱ˵ǵӣʻʵۡ 
óԾؿ˰죬Ȼæ¹˵ߵϣף꣡ 
ƽ 
𣿴̿͵ôأع𣿣




ع(4)

飬λ·̿ʱȵ͡
ʲôϣˣͬʱ
ԣ̿͵Ҳ֪Ҳͱ׷ˡλͣԱŰɡ˵
ҽƷɣҵ飬ö˳ʥ죬ʵ֮
Ǻã޽ҪؾˣҲһȥ˾ǣȻΪǰš
лϣлϡ
ߺңϣϾʲôȥˣΪʲô̿أ
԰ϣô֪Ǵ̿ͣѵ֪ݻҪд𣿡
ǣǹдҲֻǸͨʲôǣʡ
ȥʲôˣҲҪǻ㱨𣿣ѵһҲû𣿡
ϣ΢˼
ʲô˼ʲôȻʲô𣿡
ǡ
ǹش˾ͲҪôˡ
֪
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΢ּ
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ѽڻعˣͻȻһظĸоСͲ˸߲ҵӭҡ
ʦһ󳼣⣬ˡ
ֻǣҿʦͻȻкֵĸо¹ߵݣܾúܱŤ
ص޹Һ޲ϵϺ˯Ǽ糾͵أҪϴ衣
СǸ׼衣ȵˮĻ꣬
ֲôҪʵۣǰܾЩΪλ룬Уоɣ룬ȷʵҲкܵһ氡ʵôãǿ۾Ӷࡣ
Ǳǿܵһ棬ȴԶҲһ档ʵۣҶ˵ʵۺãٻɽ亣ζ˭֪ʵжأ˭пʵжôأÿѻɽĲ겻˵Ӱ˵顣Ҫڴ֮ϵúϵ΢òãҪϰùѪͷĻʵжٰ
ֻ˵ĳɼüʣȴ˼ҵŬ˵һֱ
ڿ˯ˣһͷԵڴϣϾͽˡ
ڶ糯й£Ҫ΢Ѳһܽᡣ
ϼݵ
꣡
ƽ
лϡ
λ䣬΢Ѳкüˡһ·ϣ˺ܶˣܶ£˺ܶѣҲͷ˺ܶˡеıţеıѺͻؾҲеľ͵˵ʵγǸдĶడ
һ仰λӦûƽĺزŰӿ˼Խ̫ƽʢʵصΣԽࡣͨγѲ˺ܶ⡣ȻԶҲġң⿿һˣͷҲӦλ䣬Զ֮ϣô֪յļأ
ΪһĳǲӦΪأ
Ȳ
ǲòʲôңĴ׻ʵǲˡǹòԸǲʲôأ
ϣ΢ΪǿԼӴЩطȥΪϷǡ
 
 
΢Ϊɣ͸ӻ˻ˮ㣬˵෴Ч 
ûν߻ʵԶΪϷǣػϵĸͳ͢˰ĸ 
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Ȳ 
΢Ѳ鶼ˣֻôأ




ع(5)

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&nbsp;һŮ&nbsp;ʮ&nbsp;Ůʴ&nbsp;&nbsp;(1)

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׼(1)

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׼(2)

ڶ죬׼糯ճţͿҵ޹ǰ档
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ߵҸǰع˵ūСμϣף޽
 
 
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ѵǽİз绹˸㲻ĺϤ 
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׼(3)

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ʼĹ̺͵ʱʱһȼ죬ټ档ܰٹٳأϲǵĻ
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УҺ񻹿ɣģ˵СҵС 
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ȥԤʾʲôʲôأ




ӻ

ϣѵʷ𣿡ʡ
ûڰҲ㰡
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˵ʲôûпʷ򣿡
԰ūصҹūûпʷū澻ΪϺͻʷһֱ˯ء˵
ǣ˭ȥˣ
˽ҡͷ
찡飬ȥˣ
ʽ㣬ôˣǻôͻȻأʡ
ҳӣĴѰҡ
ϣʲôū澣ūҡ
һҷһ˵ģᶪһ˲ܵģˣ
ʽ㣬ȱżʲôҡ
飬ģšһʲô£ʱȥˣûüҡţһˡ᲻ҵġӣġҴſǻ˵
ڣеȥһʷ򡣾ѻʹҲҪһʽҵʷ򣡿죡˵
ûˣûʲôܱ¶ҵĴ
ұǲ鷿Ϣ˵ֱǶ꣬飬㵽ﰡ
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ǼʲôԵģǸ𣿾ǰѻʹҲҪҵҽ򣡡⺰
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Ҳ֪˵ʲôҲ֪òüҡ
˵ʲô⵽ʲôѵҪ˳Ц𣿡
ģϡ
ô᣿»֮ҹӻ飬Ǳ³Ц𣿿ϵɷˣԺҪôǰŰ޻ʲôң˵
ʽ㣬ȱô˵˵һжǵĲ²⡣˵˸û¡˵
û£ûΪʲôңûΪʲôҪҶ𣿡
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飬Һ㣡
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Ƕȥɣһ˴
ǡ
ǧޣ
޼ġ
ɽ²֪£
ˮǰ
 
 
ҡҷб 
ϴգ 
¥ 
ǧԲǣ 
бˮơ 
ϰƼޡ 
飬㵽 
ˮ˳ҵ¡飬ΪʲôҪһ뿪ǲǶʲô 
УΪʲô㲻ɸɴ˵ 
飬ú޵ģҲǱˣҲ˵ǲǻϣҾһͨˣҲӣ 
ѾóףߵݹڣѾؼҵޡô»֮ҹĽᷢӰ 
ңܵȸһɰɣ 
ΪʲôΣֻƬﶼû£ֻһˣңܰ飬˵Ҫ໥֣һֱ 
ģҰࡣϸһУڤڤкʾʲô 
ٺȾƣΪʲôͻȻʹѵһжǱƺõ 
ˣ»ǰҹ빢һֽ 
ȥһЩ˿зʲôأֺʲôйأ




(1)

ҳֽдǧСġ
ʲô˼ѵѾ֪ᷢʲôôأУҵýʡ
ˡ
Ůڡ
빢
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һ빢ˡ
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Ŷ㻹֪Щʲôһ˵˰ɡ
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ûʷʧٺ΢ټȺԲߣǣΨ˹ʦ
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ΪҶڵĻʷİΣǻ϶뵽ǻʷԣҶûвʦ빢˵
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΢ּ
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ˣڲ̵ʱǸ̿ʶңҹƺǸ̿ͻһЩʲôԨԴƵġ
ѵǸĻʹǹʦ𣿣
Σ˵ǹʦŸҵġѵо
ǹ飬ҴûʲôҽȥɡʲôƵġ
ȻǻУǶҵĸ飬ҵĶĿõģǲܻ˺Ұ
ңǹʦߵˣҲΪʲô粻֣
΢Ѳʱ춼Ҵһк֣ܶΪʲô֣
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ǣҪҪʰڸϹش˺͹ʦĻȻø
˵У¾Բ
 
 
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ȥɣ޺úһ롣 
ʽ㣬óɣ 
⣬ĻʽףĲˣʽѾƽˣûôˡ˵ 
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˵ƽģǣ˵ûôܣȴƭǵġ 
ôܲأ 
һεĴ󳼣ȻôԲҵ£Ҵ̿ɱҡ߰ˣԱڲҡڻĪʧ٣ǿɺޣ 
һҰˡȻ»֮ҹӻ飡ûֻƬ̫ɺˣ 
ôǣ 
ˣ 
ٺȾƣΪʲô»֮ҹͣظҾƣƽʱСΪʲôһȾˣ 
ѵ 
Ǳһʲô⣡ 
ҽУˣ޴ƮȻ 
һ΢μϡ 
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ϾܷԸ 
㵽»ķһƣȥһ¡ûʲô⡣ 
΢ּ 
ȥɡ 
ᷢʲô͹黹йʦʧʲôϵأ




(2)

鷿ʲôôš
أܣΪʲôҿ޲أұӲͣطᣬΪʲôأ
뵽һױʫһ֧֧ĸ衣
ҵȺ㡣
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ͬŽ
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ΪʲôҪ᣿
Ϊ˹黹Ϊ˹ʦֻ˶У֪ˣҵͲҪˡ
һеĴڽİ
ϣƽ
 
 
촫 
΢μϡ 
ƽôˣʲôչ𣿡 
ػϵĻ΢ϸ飬дɺҩƮȻ˵ 
ʲôɺҩ 
ԡ 
ޣ֪ˡȥɡ 
ҵĳ׵ر˳ˡɺҩô飬ɺҩãָʾʦ 
˰˰ 
ūڣ 
촫빢 
ּ 
΢빢μ 
ˣȽھ˰ɡҪǣ»֮ҹʱ򣬺ȵľɺҩ޸ղţƽġܹεˣˡкοʡ 
ʲôɺҩϣѵ 
ûһУǹʦһֲ߻ģңҲУҲҪˡڿ϶ӵúԶˡ 
ϣһ죬ǲ̫ܵԶˡ 
ûãǼȻߣͲҵңʦ൱ǲһܶˣʦһǾˣҲͽ͡˵ 
ôڣǸô죿 
㣬 
ػϣ΢΢»ϳɻ֮ջʲô£ѼҸϼҽ˻빢˵ 
Ǻã˽ӽһԲߡ 
΢ּ 
빢ߺ 
𣿡 
һ˼Ǻδأֻôأ




(1)

μϡ
ˣôˣ𣿡
ϣ΢Щ˵
˵ɡ
ϣ΢ǰһ΢𣿡
ô˵أ
ϣ˵ҡ
ô˰ⲻķ񰡣ǰֱڿ죬˿ģôˣʡ
ϣ֪Һ͹شţƹʦߵ˰˵
֪
ǻϣڹش˺͹ʦͬʱʧ٣϶ڻ΢ɡ΢Ҳᣬ㲻˵
̾ôôأ޴û˵㰡ǹ飬ʦǹʦ㣡޲ǵǿмӵϵģΪǲ׵Ļʵ𣿡
΢˼
ġ޻ǰһ㣬ǹʦŵģʲôԣô˵޲ΪǶ㣬𣿡ҿο
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ң
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ˣҲˣҲ÷ˡ
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̧ͷ˵ҡ
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Ȼͷҡ
Ĵ飬ͻȻһµıŪ޲ߡҸô죿㿪
ˣˣ
ǣֺ鱧ʱһ⵽ʲôҵۣһ˲䣬ҷ·𿴼ҡ

һƿ
ԡ
ϣ΢ð˻ϡ˵ž͹
˼ΪޣѾǱ˵ˡ˵
ǣǸͲ㰡
ʣ㣿
ǰ»֮ҹӻ飬⣬ӽ飿쵰ͲǶôҲԼӲܡɷ򣿡ŭ˵
ô˵ǣҺ͹飬ûӻ飬ʲôܹ飬Һ棬ݹأߵڡأɷ򡣡˵
һǲڹصġ
ǣҲǱˡҵĻҶأȫ˶أѵѵҪҲҪϹ𣿡ʡ
 
 
ϣǲȻǰĸ飿ʹ㣿ңʡ 
ҡ 
ߣ 
һۣ˦ˡ 
 
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ѵǻ 
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»֮ҹɷҪңң󳼱ң̸ģң 
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Ѿǹ٣Ѿˡ 
˵ˣûдǹ٣޵УԶ޺ͽˡңΪʦ˰ 
Ϲ 
ټ࣬ô飿ܻô




(2)

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ǣѾСȮ˵ˡ
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ϣǸǿ¸ҵĵһܶɹѹصġϷ
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ڣ˵ʲôûˡӦģô¡˵
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ôţ 
˵»ʱͻȻಡȻͲˡ˵ 
˵仰ʱҵƽ·˵˵һ 
⣬׵𣿡 
˵Ȼô죿 
µҲֻˡ˵ 
ʵⶼ޵ĲԣӦȰ档ʦȻǱоġ룬һǹôġ޼޸飬Ȼ»֮ҹЯܣĨڣ޳ǰˡߵ˵ 
ûǾ 
Ϸ򻹿⣬ǣشˣʵǡ 
ԣ˻һƬ顣 
ʲô˵ˣڲ˵ʲô޲ 
ǣ΢ȥگ顣 
˵ðɡ 
ڹǵľģһˣǣΪʲôҲأǰ벻ͨʱҺˣˣҷˣˡ 
ҲǸΪɡиʹиΡֻǣ˵Ĵֻʹֿʼ˴һС 
گ飬ʷͻȻŵϢǻ֪𣿣




ʮ&nbsp;֮&nbsp;Ůʧ(1)

գҰ䲼گ飬ٸ£ʷȥ
ʵҲ֪ĲȻҼйġҲܰѻҵĳֽһǰûϡʲôأҲҵΣǻΡ
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΢ң΢ֻͻ̸̸ϲҪ΢˼˵
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Ҷǳ׵ˣҲ׵ء۷ˣ
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ūҲǺǲǴֻ̿͡ǿȥ׽ˡ˵ 
˵ȷֵȻȥ׷ˣ𣿡ʡ 
ǵġڴڵĸֶˣغܿͻ׽̿͵ģͷİɡ 
Ŷ޵Щ֡ץץ̿νҪʲôԱ˺ 
Ц˵֪ˡ 
סʣЦʲô 
˵˵ֹ˰ɣ˵ʲôҪԱʵ°ɣ 
㣡ѽͻˣƶ죡ȥ뿹ּ𣿡 
ū澲ңūȥˡ 
ˣԼڵ 
һ,ˡ 
ʣû׽̿ͣ 
ûСϣ΢ûץ̿͡˵ 
Ҿ֪Ľ޵߳˼δ̿ͣûһץģ޾Ͷ仰˵ 
ūŸ˵ 
ξˣǶȥɣˣһ¡ 
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ʣʲôô£ 
˿ң˵ϣ΢ղţȻ󿴼һӰȥ΢ΪǴ̿ͣ׷˹ȥ 
Ӱѵǡ 
ҵĺ쳣٣ҲˡģѾˣôأ 
ǸӰ˭ǹôأ




Ůʧ(2)

ҵ䣬ʣϣôˣû°ɣ˵Ұ
һع˵û¡̫˰ɣƾһӰӾͶ϶Ǵ̿ͣǲ̫ǷȱˣӰӣ߱Ķ
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ϣ΢֪ղʲô
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ϣ΢˼ϣ΢֪Դӹشߺ󣬻һֱܡǣҲҪȥΪͨˣǻϰ΢˵ЩϣǣǲϼҡҪôأϣٶˡ΢֪ԼҲкܶ಻ԵĵطʱҪɸۿΡң΢Ҳããðϣ΢ˡ˵
ûɡ
ϣ
Ҫ˵ô޶֪߰ɡ
΢ˡ
糯
ʷѾȥˡҾͲҪ׷ʲôȻ޽Ҫһ£
Ƕͷȥ˱˷Ž
ڰ䣬޽ľǣҹٸԭְַΪ࣬پһƷʡһְ˵
ʥ
ϣȻѾƻʷ鲡ţôǷҪΪһ񣿡
Ϊʲôʡ
ϣ˵ʷţٰôѷ֮ڰϣҪ֪Կη
ô¾ͽ񲿰ɡ
 
 
ּ 
磬鷿ǰ˳ʸҿ 
˵£ǻܣԣɥôӼ򡣲˷ѣңҲûбҪǹˣôֻ˿ġ 
΢ס 
ԭеĻϣ¼һ㿪 
΢ּ 
һ˵ϣϾʷģ̫𣿡 
֣ôȥʹ飬ӻ㲻֣޲ʲôǿˣΪ˶ס˵֮ڶѣʡ˵ģҽǰûϿ̸ѲɣΪεĻʷ𣿡˵ 
ū֪ 
㲻֪֮ڣڷ޲òȻ˵ĭͻġ 
ϣū澲֪ʲô𢣬ʲô¡ūֻ֪϶ԹشȻи顣˵ 
Ǹ飬޲Ϊ˵ĸͲҡ޵޿κΡ˵أ 
ūˡ 
ϣμˡʵһʱ䣬ҾμҲֻҲܺһûȨûйҺޣ֮һż 
˯һ룬ݶϺжȷе˵Ҹоݶúж 
Ҹ׼ȥ͸оһʹȻ顣֪Ҿ˹ȥ֮ǰһеʶο϶ˡ˭أ 
뺰 
⵽㣬ŪΣǸ˻˭ǻô




(1)

֪һ˯˶ã󣬿Լڴϡⲻҵ޹ҲʳĸԷķӣװ޵ķһ
԰ı˰ĻﵱȻҵ޹
ô
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ѵ˵ıҲˣӦ᰹ץǹʦվǰĻй飡
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ԣǹҸоΣҴûһܿԴӻԺҾûлվǰԺҴһֱˡ
ûС˵ʱ䵽ˣӦ˵ġõģʱԻ
ǹʦĪȻûв´
ǣղŽʲôϣڽҰǽйɣ
飿ôǻأ˵ʦ˽ͨйĿܣʧ٣ֻΪѹĿܡǣ飬ôǻأ
⣬ֱ̫ˣ
Ҫ᰹Ļϣôᵽǽȥأѵʲôͼ
ǲ̫ˣ˵
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޽쿪ʼһС
ϣǲ֡Ȼʵ᰹ôյͲùˡ΢ΪֵķѾͷĪ˵
ʲôѾͷ̵ģǰ컹عؾĽһأھ͸ĽѾͷˣǷȷ鶼죡ĪϹۣŻСˣ
ô
ôѵ֪ѾͷѾگ飬ǹҵİ»֮ҹǰ컹²ΪأĪ˵
˵޲ţ
û룬Ѿͷ㣬ôôˣⲻ𣿡
Īˡͷͺú˵ĹϵɣôǳΡѵҪҶ˵ϹˣӻˣҵҪҪ˰
ҲȫⱾǻڳĹҲֻôȻôס֮ڣأҲǳΡҲôġ˵
 
 
ϣѵˣ 
ޣ޲ 
ϣԲϱѪ𣬲κεʴ֮ģȻǾǰˣ 
֪ǣ᰹ͽ֮ķ޲۵ɵˡ˵ 
ϣǶʮǰѵǹҵİվɵôڣֺι 
޵˼ǣ޲޹ģ 
ϣСѾͷǵһӶѡαصǣһܣûʲô³ҪҲֻܹùĪ˵ 
޶ġ 
ϣĪĶ飿 
ôõĳϦദ˵޺ûж飬˵𣿡 
ϳȰþͷôԵȻʣйҪô 
зִ硣 
ϣԤô 
ڻ֪Ҫǿ 
ϣϳ֮磬ʹɣҲʡøԺ鷳Ī˵ 
Īˣ˼ǡ 
ûݻɽջɴҲֻ±รˡ 
֪ôҲŵ飬ʦҪɱĻ𣿣




(2)

찡ǾȻҪɱңĸƤ飬ѵҲҪɱ
У޲ͬ⡣
Ϊʲô
ѵĪúõر𣿡
ҵȻ룡ȻΪʲô踺ôꣿ
ǾͶˣ뱨࣬Ͳɱ
ϣĪʣòΪ˲Źô˵İɣɣ
һҪ𣿡
Ӧý֮죡Ȼ´󻼣ҪҰϡ
仰˵ˣҵôûǵȰأôûаô֮أ
һҪɱ𣿡
ǡ
ܲˣ̫ɺˣ

ҼһȻ
۾Īҡ
һҪɱһɱǵҪҿǲͯд˾Ӱ
һ²ŻĪңСѾͷñɰȻ͵˵
һػұɣ˭ɣǰñ˯ʱŪΣȻҴôɱң㲻𣿻У˭͵ˣƾʲô˵˯˻ûѣȷϹ𣿼ȻˣҾ˵ôѵҳ˶仹У˭ѽģ˵˵ұɣѻϣ˺ڿԼڣ
ð˵
鿴˵ˡ𣿡
ôһʣҷоҺ˵̫ˡԣֵǣеĴǣ
ңղŽʲôǰߵɽأھȻֱҵ䣡
ʲô£ƾʲôޣ˵ʱѡޡֶúء
ĪˣȳȥɡҪú̸̸
ǡ
ңɷ򡣡
ɷ򣿡
˵⻰ˣһ˵Ͳһ
ҷڵ㻹֪
ʲô
ʲô㻹֪޵ɷ򰡣
ԸԸϣѾóˡȷʵ°
ûʵǣ㲻˵⻰̫ûްó׵ɷ򣬵㣬֮ΪʲôоɷΪΨһһ£»֮ҹ»ӣȫ°ǰ𣿡ʡ
ԲҲܹҵġ
ԣΨһܹҵģӣ𣿡
⡭
𣿡
£ĺܱǸ
㱧Ǹֻ𣿡ʣûҪ޽͵𣿡
ʲô£
㻹װ⣿˵ʲô£ΪʲôУǰԳơ΢Գơޡѵ㶼ûʲôҪ޽͵𣿡ʡ
⣬û᰹ĻӣڣǻϡڽԵףĿҲΪΪҵȱѡ
ô򵥣
 
 
ȻʲôĽ𣿡 
˵ĺɰô꣬ʮĹҺޣһ仰͸ˣ֯һôҪɵ˰ҷ̵ 
㲻ҪôУʺôҲԼԸİҲǳεİ 
ΣǺã׿ʲôʲô岻̸̸ֻԼ¡Ϊɷʲô 
͵ңҡ 
㻹˵ɷɷĺϸ𣿾Ȼᷢ㶼㻹𣿡 
Ͻᷢӿɲ㰡 
һ 
Ѱȥ 
ֻ᰹ʲôأǻҪɱ𣿣




̸(1)

ֻһò˽ڹߣһгӡ
˵ɵӶ֪Ӧþ᰹Ļʺˡ
飬һΪ㴿ϾǸϴУû뵽лʺˣ»һѵɣ
վʣʲôˣ
⻹᰹Ļʺ󣬻ϵԭ䷢ޡŮƵĿǶ˵
Ŷԭ
ʣʺôأ
ϣλǽǸŮʵ𣿡
ԣ
ߵǰ´һ˵ȻмɫȺҲй֮޲
Цʺ˵Цˡ
Ȼһѵʲôǲǻƻ
ϣ˵СѾͷҪ׸Ϊʷ򣬶һگ˵ţ𣿡
ǡ
̲סģôĪǸ˵İɣ״û죡
סڣ
˵޲סڣ޾Ҫ˵ǣҵĻʷûѾʷš޵ĻʷѾˣڽ࣡վǰģ޵Ļʷ򣡶㣬ôĻϣڵ޹ء

ҿŹ˵飬ҽĴ󳼡ɣʦʡ׸Ϊʷ򣡲ʷӢšʷˣ
ߣ󵨣ҲеģҴ᰹ϵ䣡ʺ˵
޸ղŽеģ᰹ĻϣǽĻʷΪʲôܽУ
ʺЦˣ˵һһ޵ģǺЦ
ˣʺҲ˵ˡ
˵˵˵ֺη̫ˣѾ˵ˣ޵ĻʷˣҲ˵ںһϵҲûС֪ʺǳԵӵķɴף
㡭ʺɫͨ졣
ôĵӣȻҶԻʺڳԣ˰ȥؽΣĪ߽˵
ʣĪˣΪΣ
ϣЩҪͱ𣿡
ҾֱĪعؽˡΪʲôĪҪˣʲôУ
һˡʵҶԴβİηҵļҳ㷹һ
糿ĪǸˡ
˾ǿŲƵ
ˣʡ
ǽӻҹäⲻʲôһؾ
㣡Ҳƽϣ֪ǧذӽŪΪʲô𣿡
˵ô֪
 
 
ʲôޣ 
԰ĪţϿ޷ˣһ֮ΪǵĽ˵ 
ô㵱ʵ۵ǲǣΪԼǻʵۣΪԼޣ 
ʣʲô˼ 
ʲô˼СѾͷǲ֪ô㵱ʵ棬㻹ΪԼˣ˵ 
˵ʲô㵽˵ʲô˵ 
Ǻã˵ϸŶ 
˵ɡ 
Ī˵ȣҪۣ۾ǣǽʳΨһã 
˵ʲô˵һ飡Һ 
˵ͲǽʳΨһã 
ܣԲܣ 
Цʣʲôܵģˣ㱾һ¶˭ؽģ 
㣿 
԰ңô㣬㻹ǵòǵãҵô˵ǽʳã 
룬һ¸ʱ 
ˣ˵ͨϵĽҵҵġȻģǴ̣ȻΪ˱ʼҵѪ˰һ͵档 
Ȼô˭͵أ 
Ī˵һܡ֮գôʲô




̸(2)

ѵ㣿
ûң
Ҳͷʣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôһҲ
Ǻã㡣ϾͶˣʮǰڽԵסʵһʼ˵ǰҾѾڽԵˡ
Ц㻹Ƶعˣ治ֲݼôã
ǡʱҾ᰹Ȼġʵ᰹̲ˣԵסֻϧҺ񲢲ܽʵ۵ʶȻǹʦǶԽĹԼ߷ϤϽʵ࣬Ҳ֪ж˵ֻó˲ѽͼ͵˹
ʲô㣬ȥ͵ͼѵǳս߻ģʡ
Ҳô˵ǣϧǸϻʵۣҸƭˣ͵űͼǴģʮǰĲͼͱˣ
ҴЦ֪ʲô͵ʴף
죡ҪŸͼֽ᰹Ͱѽˣ
˵ܹ˭ֻ˵챣ӣδ
Ŵĵͼ᰹ܵشȻʱ뽫ٴСӣҲڵĻȰ˵ɱңҴ˵֮Ϊ˱ٴڻʹȻֻǲ߻µı˵
Լظоµıйءæʣʲôµı
ʵȻһ̣᰹ܵشҲûкõȥֻʣ׵ĻӺͻŮˡǸŮСಡͻӱ̥
ս׷ɵӣŮս֮࣬ܿͲˡ˫ŮĸףǻʺҲŲãʺˣ˫Ůտ˵ⲻҲ𣿻ʺ˲ãǸŮҲˡҾܲɥƻӻŮܺã
ţ̫ˣ
ֹЩĻʵ¶סҽӻͳȥҾͰѻ͵᰹˵ĻŮ㶪һطȻҴŽĵطһ൱ŮϡҶԽĻʵ˵Ůȫˣǻȴˡ
ҵĺɵüˡ
ΪҺһЩǸϣҲ˵ҾĿܣ
Žս𽥽ƽϢˡҶ˺ܳʱϢȻ󣬾ӭŮس
ˡҾǸܻŮ𣿡
ǸҵҵǸСŮ
ã˵ĺã쵰
Цɣ㾡ɣŲţʵ
ǿŭôǸСأƭ˵ˣ͵᰹أ
ܺãңھڽ㾪ȵǣǸˣʶĪЦ˵
ǳ⣡
û
ᣡղ˵ҵĿǺͻŮ൱ˣŮͻ̥ôӺͻŮӦһ𣿶Сʵ
ѵˣǴνʱҸ㿴ʲô
 
 
죿ˣ 
ʣ˵ǿΪֻ꣬ʵѾһٶˣ𣿡 
ûļԻ 
ô˼ǣӡѳӡ˼ֹ꣬ͣ𣿺˼Ҳỳ㣬ỳ㵱µѣ𣿡ʡ 
ԣ˵ԣ 
㡭 
ô˵ˣ 
δ̫ˣ 
ɣ 
˵ѵ𣿣ΪԼһ֮˽ΪԼҰģȻȻ 
Ȼô 
ȻĻǣ߻ôһƭ֣Һ 
ԣˣ 
㻹ܵǰɣΪɹһʧܵģΪһи۵ģ 
Ǻðҵš 
ĪһиŮʵݣʲôӦ




̸(3)

Īһ仰ҵݣǣΪܺùҲ̰ͼʵ۵λáֻǣסаѹһóѵģ˵
㰮ô˵ҵĻ˵ˡڲǽʳãҲûʲôǰܵˣߡ
ô
˵һġ
Ҳ⣺ʲô
ҲҰߵ𣿵ȻǽˣҲ֪ǵļƻҲһӶѡҰߣòԻ㣬㲻㶨ܺãûбԻ󣬷㡣ԭΪҵļƻҪҡǣ˭ȻǻϣǵļƻԼĪ˵
ͰŪڹ֮ϣ
𣿻УǺü̵£㲻᲻ǵ𣿡
ѵһж㰲ŵҼǵˣ㣬Щ̿͹ֲץԭ㣡
㻹ˡ
֪Ϊʲô֪ʵݺ󣬾Ȼһ㶼ѹʵһע˰ɣעһˡ
ţж
һһȺ˴ӵŹˡ
ߵҸǰ˵㣬֪ˣ
ǰҶ֪ˡ飬ҿ㣡ĪݼǺðҪִǾԿʶ˹ˣҷ
Բ𣡡
ԲʲôǣҲʲôʳãڲһƽաҵһԲأ
̾˿˵ʹɡ˰Ǵ򿪡
ʲô
Ƕȥɡ
ǡ
˵ǳȥɡӣĵط
޲֪ڸ˵ʲô㲻ѹ֪޶Բ㡣
ϣͿƽʵʱ򣬵һο㣬ֵֺĸоʱҾ͸еһѹ˹û뵽Ȼǻϡٻʵۣʵ۶ҿͷôãΪˡϣҪ˵ľЩˡ˵
ʲôҪ˵ʲô޶취ġ
˵һʼҾһˡСʱǹ¶Ȼҡڽ࣬ΪԼؼˡû뵽ڻȻһ

Ȼʼգֻһˣؼˡ
ؼң
ͻȥ
 
 
ʲô˼ 
ص֮ǰǸطȥ飬Ǿ͵ʲôûз 
˵ 
飬ȻҲǻϣǵĻҲͲˡҲǻϣҲǻʷǾʲôˡ 
߹ң˵޴ûоʲô㡣ʵʲôǶǰó׵ķޡ 
Ѿôˡ 
ôϲ㡣 
ҿ˿͵ƿ˦һ⡣ 
žһ 
Ϊô˵Ҿͻж᲻ƽһнһ𣿡 
龪ȵؿң˵㡭 
ǽҲãǽҲաǣұϾڽôáҾͰѽ൱Լļ硣㱳ûʲô㱳ѽȫµϰգܰһʼͲϣõĻôΪʲôҲ֪㶼ÿһľأ 
УΪʲô΢˽ҪôȫȫظңԲҰ죬ĪǸ˵ҪңʵкܶԽҲ΢˽õʱ򣬺ܶʱ䶼Ӧ档дʱҵһΪʲôأ 
ǡ 
ʲô˵ش㲻Ϊ˶Ŀﵽ㲻ɸ˵ĿģװɵЩ߱ʡ𣿡ʡ 
Ҳ˵Ķԡ 
֪ԼʵݣĪǻôأĻɱ𣿣




뿪(1)

һԡ᰹ð˺ܴķաûȥԵףһĻҪɱ㣬ǿˡ
Ҫô죿
˵飬ûʸ仰ľˡôΪʲôҪܣ
ǣûȨܣǣ㲻һӴɣ
ȻҲŲϡ᰹أҪȥ
ʣҪȥģ
Ȼǻؽȥ
鿴˿ң˵ͱȥˡĪݣȥİҲ㡣㻹ȻѾף㻹һ𡣡
һ𣿡
ԡô˵վɷһȻҷΪȥˡ
Ź飬治֪ÿ޻ǸЦֻȻҲ˵ĳ
ûãûûйΪһɷҵɷڽ౻˴µҲ㣡յ˵
һҪߣ
ԡ

ô㲻ˣߣô˵ҲǽĻʵۣҲǽãȻǽĻʵۣҪҲõʵλ˵ɣʡ
˵ĶԡģİղΪġҲΪġ
ڽӰô󰡣Ҷû뵽㻹¡Ҫл㡣ǵȦףƭҽΪ壬ֲΪǵļƻҪٸİɣʡ
ô˵ɡ
ߣ飡
˰ˣ
ұȥϴ
飬ǱңΪҾͻԭǣԲᣡ
죬ҵſڡǰңҲ뿴ˮǱ࣡
Īһҡ
ʲôʡ
ǽҩⱻҷӡ˼꣬ǽ⿪ϷӡĽҩúˡҿֻһ
һ·Сġ
˵飬ˡ
󵨣ֱϵ䣡Ī˵
ҵһۣ˵ôңֲ᰹ˣ˵ߣҲǽãҲǻʵۣһûλأֱҵ֣ΪʲôͲܣ㣬⣪ţ֮ǰҪһǺˣǾǣеͽк³Ϊеͽĸһѣ
˵ʲô
˵ʲôˣߣû˵飡飬֮ǰҲһЩҪ㡣Īңô͸ұ֤һ죬ᱳ㣿˵
ҪǣĪ˵
 
 
ǲټˣϣǣҲ 
ŤͷҪߣڱ˵˵ǻټˣһᡣ 
ͣһ£˵Ըᣡ 
˵Ļ£Һܿص˽ࡣ 
ͽľˡ 
ϣ˸͵Ϣ 
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ĻҺǲټˡ 
ڴ롣 
֪ҺԵ֣ӻǿ𣬴ǻʵ۵ǿ𣬴ұݵǿ𣬾ͽˡ 
飬Ұ㣡ʵǣҶĸ飬͵Ϊֹ 
ȥҶ㣬İ·һˡ 
ٰ㣬Ҳֻһҹ 
ڶ죬һص˽Ļʳǡ⣬кܶ˶ڳſӭҡ 
ΣҵȴһΪҲǻʵһʵΣĸоǰҵĻʵεȷˡִֻеһС˾СְԱѣʵۣϱӵˡ 
ϣˡ 
ϣɰǵˣôˣû˰ɣеʡ 
ҡҡͷ 
ʽ㣬˰˵ 
Ÿӵ飬ص˽ࡣҪλλʲôأ




뿪(2)

֪Ϊʲô⣬ҵ쳣ظӡ
ʽ㣬ôˣ
ûʲôȥɡ
ص޹˵˵ϣɻˣɰūˣ֪㲻ڵӣū춼ϴأϣūȥ㵹衣
˵ȱ𼱡ȥѳлҪ
ϣϢһ¡
ȥ
ǡ
һ
ܲμʽ㡣
⣬ͱװˡʵ֪ˣǲǣ
ʽ㣬˵ʲô
װ⣿ҹ£Һ
վˣؿҡ
˵ô˵ǲǣǲǣôʵۣڻûλλһ죬ҲĻʵۣ
£˵ʽ㣬Ҵˡ
ûдĪ˵Сͱһֱס᰹ޱƭŻӽ
ʽ㣬˵úܶԡ
⣬ôôƭޣʵ֪һУ֪ԼԲԣʡ
ǣ֪
Ϊʲô֪ԼĸǱΪʲôҪĸԸرҲˣ㻹ǵİڲԸ⵱һܻӣʡ
ʽ㣬ô˵ʱһС˸ǣұڣȻˣǣǴСڲҡĪһ˵ĺҲκεġ˵
ǺãǵȻۡȸޣʲô㣿
֪ܲ
㣬ȻǽʳãԸλ㡣ǣ⣬ܱ֤ܲҪһûʵۡңԲܱĪвȣǵĿܡ˵
ʽ㣬˼ǣ
޵˼ǣ޿Խλ㣬ǣĪǶһϵúõĻʵۣ츣ա֪Ī㣬ΪǵĿܣȻǾͿԼӿٶȣࡣ˵
ʽ㣬ҡ
վߵߣ˵⣬ʽ㣬Ը⿴Լ𣿡
ʽ㣬ҵȻ롣˭Ը⿴Լ˭Ը֮ū˵
Ǻܺãԣλ󣬾ԲܹĪԻˣҪԼ⣬ҪҪסʳǧĻҵܷסˡ
⿴ңʣʽ㣬˵ô𣿡
ԣء⣬޾ԲŻ㡣ڣ޾һ仰ܵýĻʵۣܲĪǰڲһûʵ𣿡ʡ
ʽ㣬ܣųܡ
ҪǾ̫ˡ
ǻʽ㡭
 
 
ʣôˣ 
Ҫ˻ʵۣǻʽأҪôأ 
ЦɵӣͱˡʽλԺ󣬻һطԶز㲻õġ 
ʽ㣬ﶼȥòã 
ʣ޺ͽ׷ǹʣԲ˳ġôأ 
ʽ㣬㵱Ҫ𣿡 
Ȼô죿 
ʽ㣬ΣչҵĻʽ㰡ȳ˻ϣܾͲʽΪﶼȥڽ࣬ǽĴ򣬳Ҳįġ˵ 
Ҳ֪ôӦǲôӦ 
˵⣬Ժ˵ȥɡ 
ǳܸˡ 
ߺҿ⣬ЦɣˡͿˡ 
䣬߽ 
ʣ˭ģ͵˼˵Ӻɷ̫˰ɡ 
𣿡 
ʲô 
㲻ǽʳãһжģ𣿡 
ǡε˵ 
ص࣬ԽԸѡλȥδأ




λ(1)

ѵΪֻǴԣû뵽ģ
ʣʲôԣ
Ϊںܶ˶˵㲻ǽãǡû뵽ģ
Īͷų˰ߣٶȹġ
ϣ˵ʲô
ûʲôôԸţʵʵǽáĴԶġ
еʣҪô죿
ʲôô죿Ȼλˡ
λ
԰ޱͲǽãͽҲûʲôϵȻҪλˡǽĺλλҲӦ¡˵
ǣλԺأ
Ժʵȥصĵطȥʵ޵Ҳڽ಻ʲôʵۣǹһȰ˵ǰһֱǹ¶ΪĻص˼ңˡڣҲûʲô룬޻ǻصǰĵط޸¡˵
ղţҲ˵ԸҪΪأˣǣΪң𣿡˵
ڣ޲̸ʲô߻£Ϣ
ƺ˵ʲôסˡ
ϣ޹շתߡ
ȣǹλҾ糯λǣȴһֱֹչ˺ܰĪǵ
Σǹȥ⡣Ȼϣǣ֪ΪʲôǸоֵֹġѡͻᷢʲôƵġҵĵһ
ٴΣǹһһҴܲµĿġǰǻʵۣҺ͹ףû˵ʲô
ڣһˡӻ飬گ˵ʷţ˵Ƿ˹ɷټϣڵҲͬˡ˵ܹĲ⣬ҲΪ˽ҵӦĿġ
һ⣬Ŀʲôأ
ĴʲôͼأͻȻеȻҲǽãҴĵ׺½ʲô⡣
գ糯
ʵҲûʲô˵ġңҲ֪˰ɡȻ޺ͽûʲôѪ׹ϵռŻλԷڡңΨһѪҲѾˡλڣʽλ񲿰һλگ顣˵
ϣϡ
ˣʲô˵ˡ֪Դ޼λǶ޺ͽ඼չмӣĺܸмǡڣһжȥˣҲǾεľǳ⣬ϣܺúøҪΪ˻ʵ۾ͻ˶Խġ˻һ£ǰʷ򣬹ôˣʡ
ػϣȻڳУ˵£ھˡ
Ͷˡ˻ǵĺģҪԺ顣λҪľ¾ˣûʲôˡҪľЩˡ죬һϳԺ󣬰ǣ֮һ仰ౣذɡ˵
ͻȻֲ׺ɣĸо
ϣϡһ˹Žҡ
 
 
𰡣һûأ 
˵ˣҶˡûʲôһҪλ𣿡 
ϣ᲻ȻȻŹ£ǣʵΪ˺ܶ£ȸм 
Ц˵ʲôⱾǻʵ۵ְ𡣺ˣǱˣвˡڣ˳ 
꣡ 
Ī飬ҾҪǺúÿߣҲߵģ 
³ҪվһڡȻҾͲǻʵˣ죬һǣҪҸ¡ 
£Ϊǻ׼ 
ϣ 
 
΢μꡣ 
ˣɡʵͲµҪˡ»ػɡ 
лϡ 
ʣʲôҪ˵𣿡 
ǰǰһУ΢֪šǣ΢ʻϣľ𣿡 
Ҳ⣺֪Ǻ⣿ 
λ⼴λΪҪأѵʲô𣿣




λ(2)

ϣϳ֪λԺ뿪𣿡
˵ʵ뿪ġΪޱͲڽࡣҲһʵۣһԳޡ
ϣϳԽԪϵݣ𣿡˵͹
ҸϽ˵ˣôˣҪʲô£װ׵ظҰɡǧҪ
ϣ΢֮Īһ˵ȾԲưոݡǼȻʮǰ߸ҽ཭ɽôϾʹ֣΢Ϊһڲ߻µı˵
˵˵Ҳһֱڴġ˵ʵڵģΰ׽ȥΪ˸һڣѾǵԸԸλ⡣ǣȻǣȻġóⷢĹԲĪǣǷܳɴ޾Ͳ֪ˡ
ԣϣʹλˣҲ뿪࣬𣿡
ǣʰ
˵ϣؾȾȽࡣ
ˣˡ޹˽ƽˣôܾͽأ˵ôҳҲֲް
ϣ΢ְʱ͵õİٰΡڣȻҪλ΢Բ侮ʯˡϣղ˵¾ֱĪꡣܷɴǸδ֪΢ϣ˵
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˵ģ治֪Ϊʲôôϣʹľóѳɴںͽûйϵܹܵʲôأ
˵ˣȲҪȥⲻȡޣȡսҪǻ¾¾Ҫߣ޻˵ʲôأ
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
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⡭
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ǡ 
ڽˣҲһλȻҰ׵û뵽ǽ졣 
Ҳҽɽˮ˷ǣѾǺİ֮һˡ 
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á 
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꣬﹫ǧǧǧǧꡣ 
ڵǻŽ顣 
¾ΪڻʹʲôĿأ




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ˣҲ˵ˣķӡ⿪ˡһأ
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ˮһȥת۾͹ˡҲӦ˰ɡ


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⣬ʽ㣬дϸڣĲ֪顣
Ƿ֪飬㲻̫𣿡
Ц˵ˣʽΪΪ򱧲ƽˣ
ңôֻϣ˵
 
 
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˵ͲˣǹѸûжżһҪġңĻʷûжãô챾ͼˣƺе˵ȥ 
Ц˵ʽ㣬˲֪ѵ޻֪𣿻ʷ𣿡 
˵ϣܻʷǲˣǹѸʵǲıġҲΪģרĹùҺͺ󹬵¾Ϳˡ 
շˡ 
˵ѡ˲Ƶ¡ 
޻ᴦġ 
ߺһֱоԡôͻȻ˵Ҫҷأѵ⹬жˣ鷳谭أ 
Ľ棬ʧߡ 
СһôͻȻôأǰؽһʽϵվǰǲֱˡôҲš˻ʵۣҲˣҲ̫˰ɣ 
˵ѡںҵؾУ֪˭ժûʺĹڣ 
أ˭ʺûйϵ֮ϣⲻҪôҼʲôľͺˡ 
ѡ˭ң˵ҪǿЦģ




ѡ


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Ϊʲôѡͱʲôϵ
˵ϣʵǹأǰѡҪʺѹصġûлʺ󣬺֮ҲֻŮġԣڻȥѹǺ°
𣿡
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Һ˴ܶŮվ˵ˣЩǾѡġ͵Żѡأ
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ˣϽӭҡĮϼֱ֮
ҹ˵ʽ㣬ˣݹأѡɡ
˵ǷֻϵĻģȡڱǿĿζˡһ͵ĺͱ͵ĲһǺ˻أԼɣϲʲôģУʲô
ʽԲ졣Ȼˣ޻ǺŻʽ۹⡣ΪȻŮڶܹ࣬ͻʽòᲢ۵ȴ֮١Żʽ۹⣬϶ġ˵
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ǻʽܵѡʺ֮ǰʽʱͳ󹬡󹬵ɻʽ㸺𡣡 
˵ϣ޵ܣѧǳʵûôܹͳأ 
ʽͱǫˡλʱһҵܴ׵ôܲ˺󹬵أʡ 
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ʽ㣬⣬ֻʽʱѣ޿úѡʵĻʺܹͳ󹬵ѡʱʽ㽻Ȩ𣿡ʡ 
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ʣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲôôԽԽͿ 
ЦͿͺˣҪ˵أʵһ仰 
ʲô 
ѽ͵żƣյ۰ɣ 
ʱӹܺ󹬣ŮΪֺʲôأӦԣ




¸

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˵⻰Ͳˣϲ˭ϲ˭ǻϵ¡ôܵأ
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ЩŮˣΪ˵õϵĳһǲϧһд۰
ǰ֦еţڿ֦ĲšΪԼ棬ʲôĳ
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ðȻ˵ݶϣҲ㡣ģô˵ϲȲ裬ԸҼϺõĲҶ빫Ʒġ˵ 
˰ɣ磿Ǹʺĵط˼˵ʲôʢҶޣС˵ 
ôʲôˣ 
¿ɲϲȲ裬ϲˮ㿴ҴҼʵˮ¿θġ 
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Ϲ˵أϲˮˣ 
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Ųأϲˮƴ̣ 
̲裡 
ˮʲƴ̣ 
̲ܿθܰ 
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ϲ̲裡̲ã̲ܿθа 
˰ɣˮãõƤˮʼ㲻֪𣿹ֲأƤֵɰֽһϲ㰡쾭壡Сɼ 
ʲôҵƤãƤͺ˰ǰϻһأӲĨ۸סˣ֪ΪʲôǳЩˮԵģˮ׸£㰲ʲôİǲù±úһһô񰡣˵ûгңأѵϾͳ㻹һҲʾ 
ΪʲôҪЩŮ͵ʲôĿôͷܵŮأ




ͷ(1)

˵ûУЩƲҶͺð㿴ǿƵñɳӻƣǶǺȲȵãѲ׸£㰲ʲôİùµҲĵúһ𣿻ûгңأѡ˻һ棬پûмˡ֪ϳʲôǶһѣ˭Ҳ˵˭ߣţС
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ЦǶʲôöˣ
 
 
ûʲôǱߡ 
߹ȥŪ˼£˵ѽǺöϵȵĲҶʵˮĴֻǿ± 
֪ЩŮ˰Ϊܵõϵĳңʲô 
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Ҷ˽⣬˰ 
ʲô˼ 
˵ǻܻ¸˰Ը϶ôģΪʲôҪǵĶأ 
Ͳ˰ɣ 
ʲô 
룬ֻǺڰȥ߻ϣ˻¸ûϻƽ޹ʵ𣿡ʡ 
һȻı飬˵ˣȻٳָϣ 
ҵͷ˵û 
ǣ𣿡 
Ϊʲôʣ 
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˵ǰ΢˽õʱɱôˣѵΪµ˲Ųɱ𣿡 
ǲһģҺ󹬵˷ʤ˵ 
Ǹ߻ϣ˵ܶ𣿳ôأ




ͷ(2)

ףΪ֮Űͺ죬Ͱ߻ϡ˵
ðɡ
ڶ죬ɲȥ⡣
μϡ
񣬲֪ʽʲô𣿡ʡ
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æʣңôˣ
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޿ɾͲ֪ˡ
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˺ˡ˵ЩˣԽԽԶˡʵɣЩѡЩŮ͸ġ˵
ŶǣΪʲôҪЩ
˵ôѵҲ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵޲֪
ϣñʱӹܺ󹬡ЩѡŮò绨õĳңԣǾֺˡǰ˵ĻָָЩ˵㿴Ů͵ģǸŮ͵ģ͵ģЩС͵ġ
ҿ⣬Щ
˵ϣҷҧǣǲĲ֮ӡ
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С˵ϣ˵ѡŮȻⲻǱùܵġǣϱϾѡôˣʶƵҲӦƽһЩ
 
 
ˣʽ㣬лޣ飬޻úôġ˵ 
Ǿͺá 
˳⣬ҵ̤ʵˡЩóԼȥɡ 
磬˯ͷ 
ܹ˵ǸǸ²ˣ 
𰡣˯ 
˯ˣˣ 
æʣôˣʲôˣ 
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Ҽˣʲô߰㣬һһģ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô 
˿ĭ˵ȥɡˣҪɱЩŮ 
Ҿʲô 
԰Ҹղۿġ 
ʣΪʲôôͻȻҪ 
Ҳ֪ϸЩŮ¸£˰ɡ 
ʲô찡ô᣿찡 
ͱˡڸϽȥֹǵ˵ 
ԶԶԶԣҶźͿˡǰߴ·ǸϽϹȥ˵ 
á 
ҪɱЩ¸Ůôأ




ͷ(3)

Ҹϵ¹żŮ˵ǻ¸ҵġҪġ
ǰ˵ϣʲô
ʽ㣬ҪúóͷЩŮھѧ¸ˣǽôأ
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˵ϣҪҲǳں⣬õĳҡͿǳķϣĹһΰɣ
ߣģ´أʡ
ūϱ֤´Ҳˣϡ
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Ĳǻ¸ʽ㣬˵ΪԴףȻڽ﹬ǰ֣ڣû£ʡ
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û˵ߣ죬ȫǿʽˣʽ˵ĹΪУǮ¸Щ޿ɶһһʵؼأ
лϿ
ʽǵĲ޶ǵĲ죬ʽ飬޾ȷһ˵

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һж 
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(1)

ź۾ֱֱضҡҲŷ۾ðź⣬ÿֲ浣ҡ
˵֪ϢҪǲͲˡ
л˵𣿡
㲻Ƕ˵𣿡
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ʵòµˡ 
˻˵ʲôأκףҪʲôأ
صļwww.2 7tx t.c o m (ȥС˵)ṩÿС˵Ŷ



(2)

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΢֪ˣʹ˲С˹ԭҰɡһΣұ֤һΡ˵
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ˣ˼ǣԻ飬ȻӴ˾糯𣿡ʡ
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ˡ 
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һ룬ҵ࣬ˡҶʲôðʱѧʵۣʱ˻ʵۣðʱȥԼ˿ڡڣֲ֪ҪöʱȥһҲ֪ôݵ
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ðɣһȥʵڲϰ߻ߵĻһҪҡ˵ 
Ҳǡ 
Һһڳϡ 
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֪ˡԺġ 
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˵ɣ㲻Ҫ£Ҫ¸ҵ׷ԼҸ
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ڣһĲ֪ʲôܽҸˡ 
ʮĳ;棬᰹ӭҡ 
˵ǰվŵҵУӦúģ 
Ϊʲô޲أ 
ˣˡ 
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𣿡 
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ϣΪʲô¹򣿡 
̧ͷĪΪʲôҪԣ 
û취ôڿţֲܲݡҪҶǵͷ˵ʲôҲѰ쵽 
ҿ˿飬ͷ¹˵μʡ 
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ҲΪһж˷ˡ 
ԺǲǾסˣͦҲɾġ 
᰹ڣȥݼʺ󣬻ʲôأ




(1)

Ҳ֪ǻסֻʱŶѡ
ʣˣǲɣ
ʲô䰡޷Ǿǻһگ飬ֻҪڵϹԹԵؽּˡ˵
ôϻôأ
˵ô֪ɡ
˵Ҳ֪Ժʲôġ
˵ɡڹﵽתתϤһ»ǰʰãٸյˮϴ衣˵
ǡ
룬ȻҪҪüӦϤܱߵĻ
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ϣҰ࣬˵ڵ
øʲôأ
˵ȸƽȻ˵׼ϤһĻҰ˼ϵٸ
׼Ϥʲô
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һԴ㣡ѵ⹬һŮһѵ㲻֪𣿣ҪԵףȻҪ˽ǵ֪ôܶԸǰ
Ŷͷίؿҡ
˵˺ˣġԼȥȥתȥɡ
УҪҪ
㲻Ҫԣ˵Ǳ·һ飬ȥ鿴ģ϶ҪȥݼЩʲôڡȻץסѱģԺӾͲùˡҵ˼𣿡˵
ˡ
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ӦðݷõǻʺҲ̫潻档ΪϴұץʱѾйһìˡǸŮ˻᲻ҵĺˣ
һţͰһ
ƣߴð˴̽ôȫʺˣҲãʡҵȻҪߡ
ǣҲܸ̫磬Ƕ׼ġһɷӣ㲻Ҫأ
ǰ˵ū澲μʺμλ
ɡ

̧ͷϸơϴĴæҲûпʺ˵
ߣʲôûϴκҳһܣ˵ûҳʲôţ̧ͷֱֱؿ
 
 
Աһʲô˵ãԡ 
бһ۾˿Σҡûԡ㳤ĺÿǸݣۡҲܵӣ 
˳㣬Ҳɨһˣ˻ʺһӳġԡʵǲҹά 
ʺ˵ǽĽ﹫ôǸ˰ɣֲûߵأ 
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ٺÿҲûлʺÿλ﹫ϵأ 
ǣķУҲԼ飿 
ӦþǻʺϴᵽǸӰɡҲӦþҸղſˣóûԵλɡ 
ʺ˵˵ЦˣҺͽ﹫أǿɲҪС˼ҰʵأĽʻʵۣ԰ɣҳǼһ˵ʵĿɺˣǸǿɲһĵġҪȢ㣬϶˼֪ϻô㣿Ҳ˰ɡ 
ڸЩˣǸѶԸˣһĲСʺ󰡣 
УʲôǼһϣǼҵ𣿺ߣ 
˵ʺǹˣǶǹȥˣū澲ᡣ 
ˣ˰ɣôûʺ﹬밲̫ûйˣѵһ͹صĹ𣿡Ǹسҡ 
һ˵˻ϣû¹𣿡 
ҾƣЩ˵İٰ߲ҽǣǾͿʼڼˡ 
ϾҪˡ 
ʺһȺʩأôأ




(2)

ҿǣһֻı顣
˵ǣūûи¹񣬵ǣʱū;ۡԲū°ݵġ
𣿡
ǣĵˡ룬ȻǻϵҿԲ°ݣôλﻹҪūʲôأ
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˵ʺ˼ūˡ
ʺͿˣ﹫Ǿ˵ôá»ΪȺʵŮأư˼ҽ﹫ŵġ
̧ͷԭǸ˵
ôأǰǻʵ۰ôҲסǸ˵
ô˵﹫ҲǸյӦúúӷǰ˵
˵ĶԣӦø﹫ӷ硣
ߣװˡ
Ҹҽӿ˵ȥϼݵ
飿ôˣʱӦڳϰ
ȫڵϵӭΪΰĻϡˣЩʲôﶼϲЦտ˵ꡣ
ɡ
лꡣ
Цô죿ô˰ʺټҿͥ𣿡
ʺЦӭȫû˸ղЦЦĸоҿóεЦǷĵġĺϲ顣
иղЩ¶ĵЦ飬ĲС㰡˸ǲС
˵Цʲôͥᰡ˵﹫ˣǶ뿴ֲ˼ý﹫ȥμԴҶˡʺЦ˵
͹һٰüӡ
ȵȣǾٰüʲô£ҿûгԴװûУ
ϣôôˣʡ
޽³µ磬͹
ϣѵô³ǿȥϢɡӰǸ˵
ҸоθһŻĿˡ
бۿ飬ڿҡæͷҿ
﹫ҡ
ǣūڡ
סûϰ𣿡
ߣôϴΰ°ʱô⻰
á
ʲôϰߵľ˵ǹӽģʲôϰߵģ˼һҪ˵˵
ǣū
ᣬϷȻⷬҲΪ˲ټʡҶܸокܶĿڶҿ
 
 
ϣԤ﹫һʲôأ 
Ҳڿǡʺʲô𣿡 
ʺ˵﹫ô˵ҲǽǧǶӦÿ 
ʺ˵ 
檿ͷ˰ɡ 
ˣ᲻˽ﰡʡ 
ᡣ﹫էϷøˣõĲҲϿǡŶȻˣҪбҲ˵ʲôʺ˵ 
ʺ˵Ķԡ 
磬뿪ʺһ 
ҿɫе㲻ԣʣôˣ 
ûôǾãĺùְ 
ʲô֣ 
֪𣿡 
ʣ֪ʲô 
Ʒεĵȼ˲⣬͵ľˡ۸ 
СһòãߣղŻʺǵĻҲˣҪɧȥµģ֪𣿡˵ 
֪ˣūҲΪ㱨ƽ 
֪ǣûйϵ˻ǲˣ˵ν 
ݼ˹ˣȥͷǻ˭أ




(3)

عҺͷˡ
ʣôˣڣ
Ƕˡϣһʱʹĵͼİͼ㡣˵
ˣ
ʲôడ
˵ˣһˡȥϢɡ
Ǳôʡ
ҰһѾЩŮĲöԸǾҪġ
ʣôˣΪˣ
Ҳ֪ô˵ҲΪ˰ɡˣҽΧˡ
۾ɵñţ󣺡ʲôˣôأ
˵ңҲûãôֲ֪Ļ׳档
һΪ˾ɡ
ˣ㲻ҪѾΪˣͱô˵ˡ˵
ථ°
˺ˣҲԡôоôЩŮˣǲǲöԸ
ֹǲöԸǺӦұΪŴ˼򵥣ڿ治ô¡Ǹʺ˵ÿ仰ָһ˵
Ҫô죿ƻҪ𣿡
˵ǵȻҪˣ
ӿ»᲻ùû˱㣬µġ˵
ģǰôΣյҲǷ׻ûϵġ
⴫һ
˵ʲôأôְ
ǻͷǹ飡
һվԱߣɫϱˡ
Ϊӵˣ˵˵ЦЦǲ˷绯
 
 
˵лһЩҳû뵽Ҳôխ 
㡭 
˵Ƕ°ɡ 
ǡ 
ߺʣϣôˣôȥ﹬أ 
﹫ҪΪҵˣôѵ޽ϾͲ𣿡 
ʲôǻأ 
˵ѵǾͲܺú˵𣿷Ҫ˵ſ𣿡 
û˵̰ 
ϣǿԴ¿ʼһȫµ㡣 
ʣʲôȫµݣǻ֪ˣ㲻ٱˡ 
ǻϣɷǶΣǾ͵ǰĻɡ 
˵ϣʼǻϣʼôŮ˵ɷ򡣲һ˵ġ 
֪ܲʹ죬ǣŲšҶĸ飬ͶǲһġѼ飬޵ʱڽʱ㻼빲ָǼ̲ɷֵģ֪Ϊˣеίˣ޿㱣֤޾Իܿӷġ˵ 
ϣΪˣʲôأôأ




⣨4

Цӷ⣿ߣˡ϶ϡ˵ʲôӷҡʣܼӷʲôҲǻʺ󣬻ܸߵȥҵʵۣں𣿡
ǣ㵱Ȼںޣ˻ʵۣĶԴӦ㡣
𣿡
ǡ
˵Ǻã飬뵱ʺ𣿡
˵˵ʲô뵱ʺ󣿡
ǵȻô᲻˰ɣҾ֪᲻Ǹ˽εεĻʺ˵
᲻ʲôֻʡ޺֪Ϊʲô϶Բ̰ͼˡԸ𣿡ʡ
˵飬ϣҲȸ㽻ףΪ˺סڽԵףҲԵסĿʲôڵĿľʲôԣ뵱ʺҾͿ׾ٵػ󹬣
Ц㵱ʱӦ׵Ŀôʲô̽̽Ҫز΢˽ʱľҵ𣿡
ôôⰡʮΪʲôزپҵô𣿡
ԡ
鿿ңҸеһѹ˹
ҽͰ͵ʣ㣬Ҫʲô㲻Ҫ
ذұûƿ°͵ҵĶͷ˵СɵϣҲ˺ģҲˡԺһúõģҪʲôҾ͸ʲôһǲҪǰˣòã
飬ϣҡ
ʵһϲ飬ġ
ᣬΪʲôô֪أˮʪ졣
顭
ԡˣúϢɡ
ڶ졣䡣
޽շ﹫Ϊˡ
˵ʵЩٻҪ˯ˡ
ǰӹʥּ
˵ˣӽ쿪ʼʽˡĿǰƷͣʺ͸λﶼӡȻѾޱ֤ˣúչġ㲻Ҫġ
ˣѾǻϵˡ룬˵ҲӦ֪ΪϵŮˣְʲôʺ˵
 
 
԰ˣҪһ㻳ϻϵӰ 
ܲܲҪôҰ 
˴Żص޹һѵ̫౧һѵĶˡûв´Ӧǹʹ͡ 
͡˽ּ 
ꡣ 
͡ʮԣƷɣʮף˽ּ 
檽ּл¡ 
Щߺ󣬲ĵܹ˵ۣǿɷ˰㿴ʹôණ 
бۿ˿˵ϲǾͶ͸ˣ 
ģ 
ٵģ͸㣬ҲҪָһ룬֪𣿡 
˵֪ˡūǺЦûҪأ 
ˣأôûпʱӦܵ𣿡ʡ 
Ϣأɹ˵ 
Ҫȥ֣ʲôķӦأ




ޣ1

Ҳ⣺Ϣôˣﲻ𣿡
Ҳ̫һϵĵͼЩ˰ɡ˵
ȥ
ҽķ䣬ڴ˯㡣Ȼ飬ǰ۵ʱҲ˯ôġ
Ҵñӣ׼ߵʱͻȻˡ
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ʲôˣ
˵˵ˡ
ǣǲǺܿҪҪ
Ҫʲôʡ
һץסң˵ǲǣϾͻޣ
֣̹׵˵ҪңҲˣѾˡȥޣ
ôˣ
ûûôúϢˡ
˵꣬Ҿ˳ȥǣôأ
ôˣʡ
˵ûûûʲô
飬㲻Ҫ
ڶϣϴϣչһҪʺȥ밲
˷ǹȥһ죡ǹЩߴð˴̵Ķأôôż˰
ū澸ʺ밲ףʺ**˵
ɣˣС컹ͦ
˵лʺ佱ūҲλ밲
֪˰˵
̧ͷĳúһϧҼ˶̲סҪȥοǹأ
ˣЩʲôţ϶ôϧôϧҲûгԴأ
ˣˣһһҪ㡣޵ӣѾ·ˡԻ϶ĳ谮ŻϺܿͻᴫȥˡʺ˵
߰Щ£ͻȻʺôһ䣬ֿʼˡѵҪȥҸôأ
ū֪ˡ
ˣźϿɲһ׵°Ҫһ㰡Ǹڼҡ
 
 
ҿǸԿˣңҾһ 
ǣ϶оˡػϿ϶ġ 
˵꣬ҿɫһһ죬ƹ鲻ôҪˣҲ㡣 
ӻʺ 
޵ѾȥˣֲҪѵҪİɡ 
صܹ˵²ˣ 
æʣôˣ 
˰ 
ʲôʱ򲻼ģ 
˵Ҳ֪ȥʺ밲ȻҾʰȥûĴңҲûҵ 
˵ȱżҲֻȥʲôط䡣ȥҿ𼱰 
Ҳȥ 
㻹ţһһֻأ˵ 
ŶСİ 
һܵȥˣβǿڹĴҵһôϸعĻʹ㻹ܡ 
ȥڹʱ򣬻ʲôأ




ޣ2

ߵ԰ɽʱ˵
ҿһ㣬ϸǣôʶ˰
߹ȥŶ
ǣ
û
ʲô
˵ѾǹΪˣôŰɣ
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㡭
Ҫ˵ʲôҲǳΣ𣿺ߣĻѻѾˣҲˣ
˵㲻Ҫ̫ʲôʱܴ뷨ˣ
Ҳã룬ҶԹʼղ벻ʲôݣǻҲãҲãҲã㣬»֮ҹӣ֪𣿵֪࣬Һ޲ɱ㣬ǧУȻԶ߸߷ɣ˵
ǰӣҲǣûȨ
Ѿʷˣ
Ѿ޲Ϊˣ޵ˣ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô޳ܵģûй򣡡˵
㳳ܣһûǸأҲź㳳ˣֲø˵һָͷܴ㣡ô㳳𣿡˵
Ҫ˵ʲô
Ѿҵˣ
ʲôں˵ʲô㵽Ҫʲôȥһ٣תһ룬ô˵϶ԭġ
Ҳô嶯嶯ħҵȸô¡
˵ʲôʡ
˵Ѿҵˡ
˵
˵㰮ŲţҺ͹ѾʵˡԣòҪϵ˰ɣ
ˣԭ鲻ҪҰʵ̫̫ˣ
 
 
û취ˣΪ˲Ҵ乬ֻǣ̫ˣ 
֪᰹ΪԵף뱣ңҳԿԲôŵİ취 
ǣﵽĿˣҲʤ֮䰡 
ǰ˵Ǳˡȫˡ 
ôᡭ 
˵㲻ˣһΪʲô£Ծͳ㡣û뵽㡣˵ 
ˣ㣬ղţ˵ǡ 
˵ϣ֪ʲô檿Ը㣬ûУŲţ檾ͲˣôΪ˳檺ãϣҪ 
 
㣬ô 
סڣһȥٺˣ 
Ȼ޾ˣˣ㡣 
°ݣ檹ͻϡ 
һ𣿹أȥ𣿣




ޣ3

ػ˹ɿһˣʣŶԣﰡأˣ
ں档
̫ˣллɸ˵ܳȥ
ҲǻҲûһɺʲôˣʣôˣ
˵ɣȳȥһ£лҪ˵
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ɳȥһ޹ûһһˣ͵һӣ˵㵽Ҫʲô
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Բ𣬹ôΪ㣿֪͹ĺкýǰڣʲôýֺαء͵
֪ЩҶ֪ǽ˵ʱҾ֪ʲô˼ˡǣûɶʧʡ
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Ұ㲻Ҫ˺òãˡ㲻Ƚ룬ͲҪҵˡ˵
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ϣļ١˵ʧˡҶ챻Ʒˣ
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˵ûУǰѻʹҵĵطˡ᲻᲻ڹﰡ
˵ɣҪǳˣŵӦ֪
һ书ҿסӦǲܡҶ˽⣬Ӧڹ⣬ң˳ĸƹȵء˵
ǣô죿ɼҪˣǸӣҶġ֪ôôΪġ
ô죬ˡ
˽ּ
ҸϽȥּ
ʥϴȥޡˣ׼һ°ɡ
һ̫ͻˣޣôô찡һ׼ûС
 
 
һߺ󣬲ץҵ֣ʣղȥ𣿰Ҫô찡 
˵ʲôô죿ǻô죿ѵҿּ𣿡 
ǣ˵ 
ڣڷҡǼ 
 
ȥ˵ 
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 
ұһȺŮˡ 
ǰҴһԡ˻꣬㰡ŴܣҪִһҲҪüǧɣ 
Ůߣȥԡˡ͹Ƿʲôأ




ޣ4

ȻҪȥﰡʡ
û뵽һʣȫЦˡǿһ
һŮ˵˵ЦҪޣ˵һҪȥĶأ
ŶԭΪЦ
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ȻҾһӡκһǹ޹ٴȷһ£Ҫˡ
ȥ󣬹ŮǶˡ߳
ʣ㷭ֵ𣿡
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˵أ
˵ǣô
ҲôҲôʵôãһǰһ㣬񵱻һ˵
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˵˵Ҳǡô
ЦңҲôȻˣܲʲôվһҹɣ
ǣҪ𰡣
ڴͷҰ֣˵
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жûһ˵˵ˣ
˵֪
ܾˡ֪ǵעһеı硣ҶԲ㡣Ҳԭ£ֻϣĺá
࣬ⲻеսСұһж޹أǣˮѾˣҲˡ˵
֪Ϊˡ
ҿЦ˵ʲôΪ֮֮ҶѾˣ˵ʲôأ
һúöġ
ϴϣǧ𣡡
Ϊʲô鲻⡣
 
 
ǰ㽻˰ˣ˵Ϊ˱ǽġ˵ 
Ҷʲôϵ 
ȻйϵˣǵйˣɵӶ֪ᡣȻҶԻٵ᰹ûʲôȤҪࡣǺײǻ֮ƣǲǣʡ 
ǣ㡭 
˵㲻üŷϣҲϾͳϣ֮ʲôıƣҶʶƣҴݻٽҰһģ 
ðǵš 
վ˵ðž͵ţˡ 
ȥ 
Ȼǻȥ˯ˣȻȥﰡ 
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㡭 
߹ȥ˵ɵϣҲ˺㣬Ҳ˺ңн࣬𣿡 
鱻ͻȻסˣʣԣôˣ 
ûʲô 
ĻΪʲôԭ𣿣




ޣ5

е
ʣϣҿԽ𣿾ǰһ
ȻԡԣǾǰһеĲ죬ǵݡ
̧ͷ˵ѵ㲻֪Ǵ𣿡
а𣿾ĪҲǱ˼ʮ꣬ûгɹ㣬ҲǱʮꣿʡ
ЦʮꣿߣҰҲûôأ˵ҵȵ˼ʮ꣬ĪأǹЩνľ¼ңǵҰĵȵô𣿡
ô
أ̹׵˵Ҳ뺦˭Ҷ񵱳ĪȥԵ״ݻٽ࣬ǺܲģӮˣҲʤ֮䡣ֻ뱣࣬ҲĪ˺᰹ҿ黳˵
鿴ң˵ϵ£һܾġҲʵۣҸΪж޿κΣʵҲʲô鶼˵ġ
ҵȻסǣĲܱⳡ𣿡
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˵ȻӰǾͲܺƽദ𣿡
˵ˣڲҪˡҺʹڳ۵£Ǻͺҵ޹۵¡᰹ͽһǲŮ˸ġ
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㣬㡭
ԣ¡㲻޵ĻԺӾͲùˡֲʱʱ̶̿㡣
ʣʲôϵҰ
 
 
߹§ң˵СɵϣʺȨ𣿡 
飬 
ҷӣ죬ʺ֣㻹Ǻǰһ۾Ҳܱˡ֪Ҳί㣬ǣϲ㣬㡣𣿡˵ 
֪Ϊʲôȴˣˮұ۾ҸоůĻ˳١飬Ұ㡣 
գ˯ȻѡҪ·͵Һ͹顭 
찡ô죿ͻȻֶԲĸо֪ˣ᲻ᷢ裿 
ţ˵ 
˯𣿡 
˵Ŷˣʲô𣿡 
չأӦȥݼʺūڿΪϴ𣿡 
ðɡ 
˵ûдʺҪҵˡ 
Ŵ̬ҪΪһᱻռôıأȻоܶԲǣΪʲôһ˿˿أ 
ʺҪȥ֪𣿣






ϴú󣬲Ҳˡ
ͻȻʧأҸϽˡأûУ
ϻˡԤһ˸ġǣϣֳȥˡ˵
ʲôֳȥ˰
ε˵ǰҲסֶĨء
ػ򣺡̫ˣ
ˣأôˣ
ңңˡС˵
ȵ˵ģ̣ˣ
ȻҪô죿ҵӣʺڶҪģҲǸʲôĻʺץסҾˡˣô죿϶ΪǹһõĽڡˣӦң£ǧҪ֪𣿡˵
Ϊʲô˵Ҫ˶ðôˣô졣֪ġ
Σþðɡ
׼𣿡һŮʡ
Ŷˡ߰ɡ
ǡ
˻ʺķǹ˵ģڵеﱨûжҪЩŮǼһÿλҪǳĺӡ
ߵʺףʺ**
ɡ
ʺЦŶ˵ˣΪޡôҲ֪⹬ĹأΪˡ
ƤЦⲻЦܣҪҪܡ
漸Ů߽һ䰵ϹŮӦþྭḻ˰ɡ
һںұ˳
һУִеҸеܱŤһ㱻ĸо
Щڻʺֹ˼䣬ʺЦˣôЦô죿
ѾˣҪô
ˣûϵĻ߸˶ˡ
ʣʺ˵Цˣ檲ѧǳ̺˻ϡ֪ʺǺ⣿
װôϲ㣬Ϊޣѵ᲻ӷ𣿡
 
 
ԭΪ 
˵檲ѧǳôܹõϵĲأʺˡ 
ûУˣܿͻΪǰֿȵĴˡʱ򣬿ɱ˱ 
ʺôأ˭Һͻʺ壿˵ 
ˡˣȥɡ 
檸ˡ 
һʺڼ˼Һܿλáߣ˭ϡ 
˵ͷܵȥˣĸúúýѵˣôӡ 
ҸջصͿܹ 
ʣôˣʲô 
㴦ū澰ɣū澸ū澸 
ȱ𼱣˵׳ʲôˣ 
߿ޱ˵ɹ˶ˣ 
ȥʲôȲѵľٶأ




ȣ1

ɶˣô᣿
ʣʲôʱ򲻼ģ
˵ĻҲȥ𣿡
Ŷ԰
Ȼȥ˻ʺҾͻˡԺ󣬾ͲɹʿŵСӣ˵ԺɹͽˣҲû˵ȥū澿˳ȥˡΪ˻һΣ˵ȥޣֳȥˡūӦūѾ˵ʹﵽѰңǶûϢ˵
˵㲻Ҫż²ܹ㡣Ҫ־͹ôô£
ڸô죿
ȵȵȿֻʧһ磬ǲٵȻǻĻҾ취
õġ
ȴ尾˵ˡûгԷܾһжĴɵѾͷ
ˣǻûϢ
˵żٵȵȰɡȥԵ㶫ɣһ춼ûôԷˡҪǻˣҷǵúúýѵǣǸǸ
ллǵˡֻҪܹƽҾѾܿˡ
ϣ˵Ӱӡˣңô찡ô˶᲻ǳʲô°
˵ȱ𼱡ȥϣæҡڹúš
ū澺һȥɡ
ţǻҲиӦ˵
ǡ
ֻ鷿ſڣ̫Ϊʵϰ칫鷿ǾԲŮ˽ġ
ūŲ˵Ҳ֪ĹأذɣūΪѰ⹫˵
˵кðɡмҪϡ
ɲа
⹫ͷͨһȶöûйϵ
ںʹ£ūĲšҪǻϹūſɵ𡣡
 
 
ǺãܻģܺһϰɣҾ˵ 
Ǻοأôˣô䣬Ȼȥɡ 
˵ΪԸҲû취ͷһ£Ϻˣһ𣿡 
С 
ǸҵıǸ鰡㵽ں˵ʲôҪôãѵǹÿ뵽ϵķȻôоҵ·͸ҵƤ棬һۡ飬㣬֪ 
Ҳ֪˶ãܿıԷϨ˵ƣֻǰյƻš룬ʱҹ˰ɡ 
ѾˣǻȥЪϢɡȷʵҪҪ֪Ҫʲôʱأ⹫˵ 
⹫ҲҲǳΰûµģܵȡ 
Ǻαأȥɡô䣬̣ϻūŵƤ⹫˵ 
⹫ҪģҲµġֻҪǵϾͿˡ 
á 
ȹ飬˭أ𣿣




ȣ2

ŵţҵͷеˣ֪ǲǱ紵еðˡοɰҺˣ
㱵ʱһŲ飿
̧ͷһһЩ󳼣ǵ˵ˡڿԲﴵˡ
ϣ˭𣿡
ҿ˿ĪҲ뿴ˣΪ˱¶ˣҲû˵
ʲôȻ𣿿ǳ鰡ȻϳҶȵˡ
㡭
ôѵҹģȻϣѵУĪ
ҾǸ㲻ףôô˰ѵȤ
ҵȻʲô£й𣿡
ȻûУҵһʱӵķϣȰ㻹غԼı֣뵱ʲôʲôʺ󡣶ңһӦǧлˡĪ˵
һʲô˼ΪһΪԼ̰֮ͽ˵
ҲǣҲǡ
˵ʲô
˵㻹ǰȵ˰ɣʲô֦ͷ˵¡Ҳ᰺ͻϵκ⡣
˵˵Ͳϼ
㣡ôҺúʰڽộ㻹ûҵ𣿡Ī˵
ЦߣҪĻڼʮǰ͸óɹˣõŵȵڣԵףõʲôʧܣͬһطȻˤΣҲ𣿹ǿЦ
˵ʲô̫Ϊϲ㣿ϲ㣬ɽˣҲѡɽģˣĪ
סڣ
ǻͷһ飡ڳˣ
ϣϣ檡
ҲĲˣǰһѣΣʲô֪ˡ
ʱ޹
ˡ
ϣ檡
 
 
ôôɵô洵磬ں˰ɣȾ纮ˡ۵˵ 
˵м 
ʲô£ҲԼ忪Цôͨһ 
Ҫ죬ôܴأ˵ǲŮ˽ȥġ檳Ⱥûбİ취˰˵ 
˺ˣϢɡ 
ߣҪ 
ʣʲô£ 
кɣʧˣ 
ʲô 
⼸죬ΪҺ㣬һֱʹ죬ÿ֪ϣȥʺ󣬲˵ˣΪֻǳȥɢɢģһͻû뵽ǵ˶Ҳûа취ġҪﳼ檰ϡ˵ 
ԭΪ 
ϣڲ׷Ϊ˭ʱﳼ檣һǡزģһʲô£ǽô찡ҿе˵ 
(Ӧȥ)




ȣ3

ң˵޿һ𣿡
ʲô⣿
㣬ޣʲôо
ҿЦã鰡ڶʲôʱˣȻҪô޴⣿
˵ҪĻش𰡡
飡ֻһ㲻᲻֪ϲĻڽͿԼ޸ˣ𣿡
˰޵ּ⣬ȫͺɡ
ǡ
´˵лϡ
ôˣᴲȥ
ҷشϣҴñӣ˵Ϣɡ
飬ߡ֪ҵ⣬أʡ
ޣʲô
Ҵһ£˵ð㻹װ
һ
Ҳţ
ʣΪʲôţ
󹬼ǧˣʲôʲôʺʲôʲô˵
㿴˲ǣɵϣڽ೯ϦദͬʹЩӣᰴûйġ£۵ĸ鲻˵žͷˡĲ㣬˵ҿԷ㣬ڽ࣬ҾͳˣΪʲôǧټƵҪصߣҶĸ飬κˣκﶼİ˵
ǣղĪǸ˵ѡԸҪɽҪ˵Ĳ𣿡ʡ
Īɵϣô⻨ҲҪأޣ
Ҳ֪˭
һѱסң˵Ҫ޿Ҫˡ
˼ң˼ҵǰڽ࣬˵Ҿң˭֪ڻ᲻ᰡ
ˣԶˡ
˵㲻ңһҪôŮ˹һ㣬ҲҪ
޴Ӧ㣬㣬޲ˣ𣿡
𣿡ʡ
޷ģֻһӵ˵
һص޹۾˹˵ɻˣҿ켱ˡ
 
 
ôˣ㲻ҪˣѾѰˡźܿͿҵǵġ˵ 
ǣΪʲôһ϶ûϢɰūˡ˵һ 
ûˡ 
ʣϴӦæˣ 
ǵġˣ㣬۾ˡȥϴϴСèˡ 
Ŷ 
ǵ˰Ҹճҩ룬ǵϢˡ 
˵ôж˵Ϣ 
Ѿҵ 
ʲô 
ģ˵˵ 
ǻʲôǽн˵ 
ǡ 
ģһ㱨𡣺úýѵһ٣ 
˵ˣƽҾѾοˡ˵أҲô 
ˣôͷʲô𾪵Ϣ




ȣ4

һĲˡһҪúѵһ٣Ժ󻹸Ҳˡ
μ
ɲμ
û˵û
ҵ䣬ҶǱ̫ˡ
ū澣ū澡
ȱ˵㡣⼸죬㶼ܵȥˣ˵
ҳȥ˵ơ
˵˵ƣǺһ𣿻УȥҲ˵һ֪ڹൣ㿴۾⼸Ϊ˶ٻأ
㣬Բˡ˵
ûʲôԲҵġԲ֪֪Ϊȥϣڻ鷿ǰһҹö˹ȥ˵
ʲôˣ˵
ҿҲڿңκۡ
˵Ȼˣڻܲô³çʲôﱾͲˣΪ˾Ƚż޵޿û˸̨ѾǼ£ӺܲùˡùôǱżô죿
ԲԲ㡣
˵֪ͺãǼʱҲûа׹Ժʲô£ҪˣƢҪ֪ǵĳ嶯Ϊܻܿ۵࣬𣿡
ǡ
ˣҲˣȥϢɡ
Ҹ˯ͱ£˵ߣһл˵
ʣʲô£˵ɡ
¡
£ʣôˣ
ңҺ͡
ʲôˣǻˣǲǣʡ
Ͱ͵˵ǣǣΪ
׳ʲô£뼱Ұ
,ǿԽһ˵𡣡˵
һֱڷֹѵ˴ҰңԺʣʵңǲʲôˣ
 
 
 
һ˵סڣ˵ʲôʲô壿㵽ʲôɱˣŻˣ 
ûûУӦһ¡ 
ʣʲô£ 
Ӧɼ޸ҡ 
ʲʲôղ˵ʲô˵һ顣 
˵ɹ޸ҡ 
˵ҪҰûɡѵڿˣҪ˵ʱͻȻòԾ 
̽ʣ˵ﻰ𣿡 
ǵģѵϣ𣿡 
տʼһҿ϶ҳ׿϶ˣ϶ʲôˡ 
ǲʲôˣʡ 
ûС 
㻹ҽƱ磡ΪҲ֪㣿ôһҹ֮ͿˣʵҺ 
ϻҴˣһжҵĴԸееΡ 
ʲôΪʲôôҪô




£1

һƽ˵Ҳˣ˵ɡ
˵ϣҺȾƻһ˼ۣ˵Ϊ޵¡֪ĹأͽһʺȨ룬һͻһˡҵʱѹֳȥȾˡȻɾ͸ˡǾһֱȣһֱȡȵ󣬾͵ˡ
Ȼأ
ȻȻԺҲŷ֣Ѿ
˵ѾҺͻһǲǣ
ҡ
㣬ô°
ͻϲҲ
˵סڣͲһʵ⣡ҺͻϣΪˡǣѾˣӡ֮ѾˣأʲôǣͰ˼ң㣬ôܡ
˵ѾˣӦ룬Ҫô
㵹ǳ侲ô죿֪ô죿˵
һǶıģ𣿡
ҳˣǶı찡ҵǶıʰ̯ӵ𣿣㻹ǸЦô죿˵ô죿Ȣ˼Ұ
Ŷҿһ𣿡
㻹ʲôʵģ
˵ϢղʲôоԸ𣿡
𾪰в˼飬Уݺݵһ٣
ѵûб𣿡
Ҳ⣺ôӦб𣿡
ʣѵһҲԴ𣿡
ҡҳԴףңôôɰҼֱˣѾˣץʱ䣬ǻ°˰ɡҧгݵ˵
Ŷ
аõ͵һ㣬˼ۡ˵
ǡ
û뵽ᷢ£ҲãҲðˡϣΪҸ£㶼˵˰ɣ
Ŷǵģɶūˡ
 
 
ô𣿡ʡ 
Ȼˣô£ܲĶԣҲġ 
УҪϢǧñ֪⹬ЩţҪ֪ˣָڱ˵ʲôأ˵ 
֪ˣİɡ 
ϣҸͱʺ˹ȥһֲԤС 
檸ʺ밲밲 
ˣɡ 
Ҹ£ʺ˵ˣֱȽôţҲ˰ɣ 
˵ǵȻ 
ǽҪʲô£𣿡 
ʺΪʲôҪôʣѵʲôҲҪϢҲǼأȱɹĸ˼ҿˡ 
㣬⻰˵ģԼҵĽáҵȻ֪޲ԣ޲ˡ˵ 
Ǿͺá͵仰ˡ 
֪ʺʲô 
ʺ󾿾ΪʲôҪҪʲôǲʲôأ




£2

ʺЦЦ˵ã㣬㹬ǲǷʲô°
ʲô£ʲôʲô°
찡ʺô֪
װʲô£ӵĲ𣿡
˵ū澲ޱʺʾ
ðǵ˲˵Ĺǲǳһ°ʺʡ
£֪ʺָʲô£
ãղŲ˵֪޲ԣ޲𣿡
˵檣檡
󵨣ϷŪʺ
ûûа
Ǹ˵ôûУղ˵ʲô˵ȴͰͣй
ˣװɵ֪ˡŮ˲֪߳ܵ£𣿡ʺʡ
֪ˣ֣ô֪ģ
⣬ػʺд£
ʣôӵĻҪ𣿡
ʺ檲Ҫ̡룬ȻѾˣôҲûáǣʡİ취˵
취𣿡
˵룬ˣɴȢɡҲøһ֡
ʺ˵ҲʧΪһİ취ǣˣȲ֪ܵ£ӵģҲ˵һҲûа
ԭأ˵ǻӣĿľһɫơ
֪ʺӦôͷūأ
˵Լ£أ
ߣ侮ʯǱ̬
˵ū澲֪ǵĹأūΪӣй̲֮ܽƾʺﴦū澡
ʺЦ˵ˣô㰡ûȨķŻ߰㽵ʲôģ۸ôֻлϲȨôΨһģǳ޵ӣڲܸޡ
ͼƻôԸˣ볷ҵķʲôģûȨľǲٽӽ顣ʺ󰡣Ҳˡ
ͺúøҰﵹæͱ¨Ӱɣ
 
 
˵ū֪ūƾʺﴦ 
Ǻðɡ˰֪ͨ·˵ƣڲޡ 
ʹ߿顣Ȩɱңһԥһ 
ҾĲˣִУܺô˹һ飬ͲҾô˵жˣֲһˣ¶Ұ 
ˡʣ 
Ŷ 
ʺ𣿡 
Ŷ 
ס˵ôˣǲǳʲôˣҺ𣿡 
ûʲôҵù¡˵ 
ôˣ 
˵ˣ˵ˡ˵Ҿһӵˣأһܵȥˣ 
ūҲ֪ 
ͺɵ±ʺ֪ˣôأ֪𣿣




£3

ҳüչģæȰ˵Ҳżϻˡ˳׼õĶȥˡ
Ҫͺˡ
ôûɵİǲǻʺֵˣ
˵ʲôʱ򲻵Ұ
һʶѽԾǼôãǲʲŹءˣӣô⼸϶ʡ
ʲôҰ޵ӱˣΪ¡
ʲôΪʲô
˵Ϊǰ²֪ôģʺ֪ˡ£׷ҹ̲֮ܽ޵ӡ
ߵ˵ô̫۸ˣ
Ҳ߷߲ƽˣҶû˵ʲôǼ£͵׸ĸ򡣡
ǡ
Ҵˣ˵ˣȥǰɡ
ǡ
ߺ󲻾ãˡ
檹ӭϡ
ɡ
˵ϣʱӦڴ°ôпյū
²࣬ˣ͹ˣأôһˣʡ
ŶǰҲǲȥˡ
ˣ޺֮䣬Ӧûʲôİɣ
Ҳ⣺ϣôͻȻ˵⻰
ʺ˵㹬ˡ
Ŷԭ˵ϽôͻȻܹԭ˻ʺĻʦˡ˵
ʲôֻʣûʦ˼㲻Ҫˡ
ת˵ϣ檸ûܺúùܽˣǳ檵Ѿõ˻ʺĴʻʲôҪ檵𣿡
Ǹʲô޴û˵Ҫ㰡ˡʺôˣ˵ʡ
 
 
ʺ󳷵˳޵ӣڣ檲Ϊޡ˵ 
ʺô϶ĵͱˡ 
ʣô˵ǳ檵ĲˣϽòΪ˸ʺͳ檵׵İɣ 
ȻǣǴӽˣɹҲҵˣ޽ĿҪΪǳﱸһĻˣ㿴ɷ񣿡˵ 
򲻸ҵ 
ûʲôң޺Ҳй֮ͬ꣬ǳﱸһ°ɣҪʲôͺ˵ 
¹򣺡л¡ 
޵£޻ͻʺúùͨġ 
ߺһ¸и˽˰ɡ 
ʱǻˡҰѰ˵Ļתǡ 
ˣץ°ɡϢˡ 
 
ɣ֪סˡҲãԶԶЩǷǷǣδǼ¡ 
ɵĻڼҲæȻ˵ҲĸˣֻῴǵЦЦЦȥɣҲùˡ 
ˣǰҹʲôΪʲô




£4

һҪˣͻȻظĸо
ϣҰɺ˹
ɣվҪɻˡӵҲûʲô͸ǵģһĻҲûиǰ졣ҵĹʧ˵
ǧô˵˴£û뵽㲻ǣΪǳ˵ʲôأɿ˵
ǾͱѹˣѾˡ
˵ǳ׹ףǣڹɣҲչ
԰ɸæ˵ū澵ӦҪúչȴܹūĲ
˵ûʲôòġǳ׺󣬾ͰᵽɣﲻǣûءңҲϣڹΣ̫࣬˷ԶЩ
ǲߣҪ
Ҫ£ôݲǣҲûа취ҾͰˡǸùҪúõضԴпգһȥǵġҪ֪ҶԲɵĻôʰ㣡˵

ˣʲô˵ˡϲӣϢɡ
˵һһЩ뵥˵
ɣϢȥɡ
ǡ
ʣˣʲôͿ˵ɡ
ѵ˺˵Ļ𣿡ʡ
ȻûС
ԣҰɡ
˵˵ɵ֪С㲻ҲãҲ˺㡣һӦͿˡʲôһ֪ͨģ㲻Ҫġ
ô˵Ҫˣ
ʲôҪ𣿻ǹԼ˵
ңЦһ£˵ǰҡϲΪʲôôƽҺ͹ͬһ㣬һȰ㣬ΪʲôͿԵõ㣬ȴУ
Ҿȣ˵ʲôҪˣ˵ʲô
 
 
˵ҳˣȻûʵңɣﶼҲҰ㣬ΪһʱʧأԱҪȢǣ밮޹ء˵ 
˵㹻ˡ㽫ӵˣ㰮ɣģҪԵ쿪ʼҪһҶˡ 
ˣ˵úɣҵҲô˵ģ𣿹ʱȰ˵һİ㣬ˣôԴ鲻Դһôأʡ 
˵ˣҸ˵Ķ˵ˣΪ֮߰ɡ 
һѱסң˵㣬ûа취ȥɡܲǰӣһߡҴߣ 
Һſң 
Ҫ㡣˵žҪҡ 
Ҫٲ֣ҡ 
ұŪôôôֱͷҰһѹ˹飬Ұ 
ס֣ 
һҲƿ 
˭ײʲô鷳ʲôӦ




£5

飡Ҵ˹ȥҶ˶ί
ţ飬ҡҪ
ǿ㣬ĸԸһ
ǻʺԤед鷳ˡ
ʺҪᣬĲңңϣų𣿡
鿴Ҳ
飬ʺΣĸڵ¹šûһ
ˣѾǹˡ˵˵Ժ˶鷳㹬˲֪ܵ£Ҳû˵ʲôͬΪǲٰ£͵Ʒ御𣿡ʺ˵
ʺĺū澼ˡֻǣ֮£ˡ
ʺֻ˵᲻ˡ˵㹬ϲ£ͺͻϹû뵽ȻײĳԲ𱾹ĺⲻҪǣԵ𣿣ѾǻϵˣȻҪ˽ͨҪǴ˳ȥûϵķţ
úƱ磬ҵֻˡ
˵ϣûаϣ檵ΪӦñ˭Ǽ˼ǨˮˣǣôڽҾͿԣΪʲôȵڣ಻ţνֻҪҡ
ƾʲôû㣿ۼΪʵʵѾǰˡǿȵģΪϵŮˣܵ˵裬ӦԾԴĲŶԡʺ˵
ݶҪŪҲſ𣿣
ôˣΪʲôһ仰˵ҺңҾûΪʲôôĬ
ϣҪų檰
ϣū澿Ϊ֤Բǻʺ˵ˡ˵
ūҲ֤Ҳ˵
˿ңϣ£ȫūŵĴ޹ءǹȥͬΪ٣ҵӦ˽⡣֮ͬ꣬ڹȥϣͲҪˡҪʹūŰɡ
ʺϽͼӴףϣǼôҪⲻ̫𣿻ϣǧҪǸƭˣ˽ͨӰѾһܹãԷڡ
ҵȻҲʾûʺƵóѡ
ϣҪͷ檣ʲôҲûСǣúһ룬ôãһ·߹檶ôܸиɣǴӿ֣ݳٵ΢˽ã»֮ҹӣôʱ䣬˽⳼檵Ϊ𣿡Ҷ˵
 
 
ôأ 
ϣѵ˵ô࣬ų檵Ϊ𣿡 
ʺ˵Ϊһ£ʲôһ¡£һ𣬽һϵж 
ʺūԸܷ˵ 
󵨣ūţں˵ķݰʺʢ˵˵ 
ϣΪ˵乫𣿡ʡ 
ϣ˽첻첻СȻôһϣҪô䣿ҪǲģͰ˽檰ɡʺʡ 
޿ǿǡôȰϲ°˵ 
ʺ󾪲Ҫϲ𣿡 
ϻѾ׼ˣôУ 
ʺһҪôأĻô𣿣




1

ʺҲûа취ˡ̧ͷ飬⡣
ǣһ˵
飬ʲôû
ڶ죬ӲͷƤȥμνġ񡱡ʵǺܼ򵥼ªġȻǲŲ˰ʲôĻܸоԲɣ˵Ҳһˡ
˵ӲͷƤΪͲµһʹˡҶ͹࿴ҡ
νˣ۹ϰˡ
ʱʱʱڽĻʱôΣҶѾϰˡ
ϣʺﻹض˵ˣ˽ˣӵҲ˰ɡ
˵ͻʺģ檵ˡ
ٰǵĻҰͳ˹

ɵ˵ɣʲô˵ˡҵĲãҶԲ㡣ԭ𣿡
ӣʲôū澶Բӡ
΢
Ұ˰֣˵ʲô˵ˡ
Ҫ˵һߣǰζƸ㡣£ʺһŹġ˵
֪Ҳû취Ҫ㲻ġǲõңһӦġ
һڹĺΣհ˵
ǿˮ˵˵ûµġǳͺúùӰɡҪúչɣòãһŹģһӣ֪ࡣȻҲҪôʳúùɡ

˵ˣҲô߰ɡ
ɿŹ
תҧ촽˵˵ˣǿߣ߰ǻôôʰ̯ӣҰҹ
˵꣬Ҿܻ޹ƾں󺰣ȴһͷҲûлع
ص޹ҷޡ
Ūò֪룬Ҳޡ
֪˶ãֻɤˣҲ÷
С˵ū澸㵹ˮô
ðɡ
ˮж
 
 
ô£ 
ǵĿҪˡ 
ʣʲô 
˵ûв´ĻӦǻʺһȺ 
ɫţͣʣô죿ô죿ô찡 
ʲôô죿˵ˣĶ㲻ˡţ 
ſˣȻҵϡ 
ū澸ʺ밲밲 
ˡ 
ʺû˵һ䡣 
ô죿ʺʡ 
ʲôô죿 
㻹װ⣿˵ʲôʲôѵҪ˵𣿡ʺʡ 
ʺū澲ƱʲôĻֻ»ԽĨԽڡūţ塣 
ʲô 
ʺӼڳжȡʲôʩأ




2

ҶŻʺ󣬷Ҳŭҡ
֪ڸĵؽΣ
ûдûݵһУԩԩΪ֪һжǰźõġ
ôҲûá
ҸоԼһֻ׸ĸΪޣΪ⣬
ĵΣطһʵҶηϤˡǴϡͿص˽󣬺÷ûסãηס˸顣
֪ʺǻôңѵᶯ˽
úϸȫһüйѵϻˮԤˣ
붼˾ò
ǵ糿һųȺӵˡƣҲʱŻС벻ôôЩ鰡еˡ
ںЩʱǻ֪Ҫôĥأ

˵û
Ǹ˵㻹Ӳʵô𣿡
ߣֲ̣̲ûʸ̣
ʺ˵ð㣬㻹Ӳǲǣ
ʺģ͵ĻڽǾһˡαҪȵڣʡ
ʹͨˣҪѿ
ҪѿΪʲôڽࣿΪʲôԼʵ۵ʱѿǲǸ˵Ҫ˵ѿǻȸѿİɣҽƱ硣
ʺЦΪ𣿡
˵ûΪʺȻԴң˭Ϊհ봦ңͺͲһֻһ򵥡𣿡
֪ͺá
ʺôˣ
Ȼǽ̲ʺ˵
 
 
˵ʺû㣬ǽ׵ĹûȨҽֻ̲лϲȨңǺ֮ˣȨҾǷҲ̣ཫҴ乬 
㡭 
ʺҪϻˣϿƽ̲ 
֮찡ȲҪ 
˵ʺҪˡҪǷǵðƽ̲ҵȻûл˵ǣ㲻ΪԼǣҲҪΪϿǰɡǽڵɷڲˣϵڲˣ 
˵ʺҪͦסˣ˵ģɱ˰ûŻǣ 
ǰʺΪΪϵŮˣȻ¼ĹѵⲻӦϳҪǲôһ 
ǵģʺǧƻˣɲһ˵ϱԻˣһҪѰҪǲԺôҪ᰹Ҫ𣿡Ͻȴ 
ʺңܸӡҪϽң»˹أ᲻ˡ 
ʺּɡ˵ 
ȹȱ˻ 
Ͱ͵ʣɿǣʺΣô𣿡 
£ôأὫ̲𣿣




3

ʺ˶٣˵ѵû϶Աȫ𣿡
ǳŵò˵
ʺôʲôô𣿡ʡ
ʲô
˵ʺͬһɷͬһˣƽദǸΪʲôҪʱʱ̶̿ŵأʲôôĵֻлϰ
ɱĻƻˡ
ʺͷ˵ˣ˵ˡȰ
ֱص˵
ҵǵȴȴôҡԸܹ˼һ㣬һ֮顣
ߺߣЦĻз֮飬ͲңҲҽʺˡ
ֽŲһˡ
£۾һ֪ûϢáΪ
˵ղвʺ󣿡
찡ֱԩʺˣ״ÿ찡һ֪ͼӴ׵غ˵ʲôȻڷвǺЦ
вϣôʡûбҪвȻ֪˵ʲôֻʵʵ˵ҲûоԼľ仰˵ˡϣ㻹ң֣Ӧһˡҿе˵
̾һε˵޲㣬ؼҲˣѵ޲ܲôڣԿ̻㣬ôȥס֮ڣ
ʣô˵㻹Ϊˣ
޵ɵӣ޲ΪԼ룬Ϊ˭밡
ӣЦʺأʲôҪ䣬ҵĵλҲֻһС檶ѣֻǴڽӴĹߣǹĳƺš
ôô˵ǵģҲ۵λȷСһǣλá
 
 
Ұڰ֣˵˵ˣЩ˵̫ˣϣ޻檣֮ҪһֵĻͲҪ 
޵ȻҲ㲻һˡǣѾˣһ˿˵ǻʺҲˣҲֵǷ꣬޲Ҳð졣ޣ˵Ҫ㣬ǣֻ߸ʽİôް齻˭㶼Ҫġ˵ 
ҿ֪˵ʲôãȻǣҲ֪òĻ 
ɻŲµҵĲΡرң˵ңһΰɡ 
ؾҾΪʲôҪޣ˵ẦңӦŰǻϣû˸ΥΪʲôҪأ 
һ죬ʺҡҲ´Ҫҵˡ 
ּ 
ȻϣҹԹԵع˵ּ 
˽ͨ⳼Ϊ죬޿ˡӦ乬ΪһֱΪɱ޹ʽ֮Ƴ£ʾͽ䡣մˡ 
ԭûƭң˭óֻһʽϵĳͷɵӶܿĳƫ̻ңҽּʱоǰһɱ۹⡣أûȷ֤ݣûа취Ҷ 
ˣôһǱΪ飬ϿǷϣڽΪ˵飬ûй㡣ֻǾౡ֮ǣɲҪˡǽҵļѵҲûнҪɣʺ˵ 
ʺ⳷޵ӣôأôȤأ




ʮ&nbsp;ˮ&nbsp;&nbsp;Ц1

ʺǷ䲻ȵļҷǳˬʲôȫΪ˵鰡ǰͲأЩԼԼǰԼ䵽زȻһ㶼졣ˣ
ųֻǧлūллڽĶ£ūţᱨλ
Լöġûа취ǾǰþġЩ湻̬ġ
ǿɲ룬˽ͨ⳼ǶչأʮԴġⶼǵĹ͡˵
ҵĸүѽûƤӵġԼ𰡣I׷YOU!
ЩߺĴʯͷ˵ءǸʪĵס˺ü죬е㳤ʪˣϿҵ޹ɡ
ﰡɻˣɰū澸ˣūΪЩҪôأūˡūÿ춼ȥ̽ϢǰѾͷĿڷ̫ˣʲôū澲Ҫ˱ţˡ˵
򲻿ɣҪסҵĻԺѣ¾һԸ𣿡
ΪʲôūҪ
֪ǸƢͱ꣬ûдԣ²ƺôôЩ֪ˣǹҵ£춼ܸͱˡһͷʲôǾͲˡң۵ǽ࣡Ҳں㿪Ц˵
Ŷ֪ˡ
˺ˡزȥ۽ǵۣ˵ɵѾͷܰô㻹֪ҵı𣿡
ū澵Ȼ֪ܻữΪĵġ
˵ˣȻƽˣյˮҪúõϴˮ裡
ǣū
ôðϴˮ裿
ͻȻһҺͲһ飡ʲôʱİҶ֪
ꡭ
ң˵޲˵֮䲻ЩȽڵġ
ϣʲôʱģôͨһأūһֵ
ͻȻѪҪ㡣ôûʧԼɣ
ţǰɡ
 
 
ʣʲôǰɣ㻹ǹޣҪɫˣ 
˵ܹ꣬֨ҡˣƫƫץ㣬۸ҡ 
˵ǲǻް˵ 
ұЦ˵ǵģҸոǿЦġǿЦ 
ǾͺáСԹԣ޺㡣 
~~~~~ôͻȻô˰һ˵һͲֺ顣ҸϽ㿪˵ϣˣղŻʺժ޵ء 
ʲôϵûҪްЦСԹԣ뵽ȥˣѵ롭 
ûаûСô飬ǰڽʱװһģڰѱɫ¶ˡȫһԣ 
ѽǰأҹģҪûиߣѰ 
ǾͲҵˡֲ㳷޵ӣ㶨İͽֿԡ˵ 
ðСѾͷ㳰Цް޽㿴޵˵Ҫҡ 
ֳʲôЦأֻʲôأ




Ц2

Ҽ˵ôҲǻϣôܸСŮӽƽأȥ˲˼Ц
Ц˭Ұ
˺ˣˡϣûˣ㻹ǸϽȥɡ
ε˵ôôҪ߰
ôǸأҸոǱͷţôʱ䡣˶ӣȥҲֵһǷǡڵôãᵽһ㣬һ²һ¡ƽ¾Ǹ˵
Ϊˡ
ûʲô
ˡ˵
檹ͻϡ
Ŀ·ߺ󣬲һ˵ϻǺںء
ʣôô˵
ɵӶĳĹģǶǻʺ󶼲еġ˵
˵˭ֲ֪ܶʮСʱ߿˭Сڱʲô˵Ҫô˵ǣôӺŮ
ԭڳԴװ
飡ʲôʱֳҵ
ҽͰ͵˵㣬ôֻ˰ɱǹУǲ氡ô·ûһˣ
Ϊ֪ߺһңԺĴʹҪٿ˵ʲô
ˣ
ǰˣҲˡޣҪˡ
˵㰡ǻϣҪ߲Ҫ߶˵㰡
ر˱ң˵ˣҪ̫ް
ҲŲأôӣôŮô뵽Ұ
ԭ
˵Ҳ⡣ֻǣѾôˣﻹҪҰ˲̰ᰡ
 
 
Ҳһ˵޵Ǻܶ࣬ĵȴûС޵ŮҲ٣ǣûĺá 
ش£˵˭ 
㰡ӵĲӣ𣿣װң˵Ҫʮ˸ģѡһ̫ӡ 
Ŷ 
ϣˣ 
һС̫ܽܲ˴Ǹղĳ档 
ôˣʲô»Żŵģ˵ 
ūŸϣȥɣˡ 
ʣô˰˵ 
ϣҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ 
Ҿ 
ôͻȻʺأأ鼱еʡ 
λζΪʲôᵱ




Ц3

С̫˵ūҲ֪Ҳûʺǡ
һ仰û˵ˡҲæȥ
ߵ԰һииѾ̫ࡣ鳯̫ʾ⣬Ҫ˵룬Ŀľ뿴ǵڸʲô
ʲôΪϲ㰡Ҹ㣬ϰҲΪ㶯ĵġ
ߣǰϲϲң֪ǻϲ𣿾ûҲۿ㡣
ţ˵ʲôΪûϾͻ࿴𣿡
ǳҴ˼֡ǰһͬĵˣǾңҰǵĸͳ谮ǸʱǲŻһԸҡڣΪʺ󳷵޵ӣǾ;öԹлɳˣŻԴףֵĲɿһֱɫ࣬ҿó˵Ǽҳ󣬼ҳ󲻿ڹ˿ˣֱڿһ־磬һЦ
ûΪ϶ôǴĿõġûоԼȡλãΪ֪֮Щˣܵõϵר衣˵Ĳһ㣬ĸƾӹ˭ӲأǼӣ䣬Ͽϲأ
㣬˵ʲô㣬ҽһҪúýѵ㣡˵ȥסԷͷҲһӵϡʱ԰ҳһࡣ
ǻҪֵʲôʱ򣿣һŭ˶ɲǼסˡ
Ȼ󣬴ѵصĹٱһˢˢع£ɽꡭ
ˣʲôꣿ޿ǰͲأ޻ûأǾ޷죬Ҫһļݱˣǻôǲ᰹Ϸˣŭ˵
ϳ֪ˣ檡
檣ǻ޵㿴ͷɢץ۵ӣһĻǽͷø
۵˵ϣ
ҡҡͷ˵㲻Ȱˣ޵ͱȺһ쵽ֻ֪ԴףĶǵø͸ˡ
ϣǺܳǣڹٳ̳ЩթͿ𣿡Ȱ
 
 
Ǽҳ󰡡ˣʺأʺȥˣ 
ϣʺ޹Ͼ͹ 
䣬ʺɫҴҵظ˹ȫǷŭضŻʺǡ 
һ 
žݺݵˤ˻ʺһƣȫ˶ˡһʱ䣬԰ѻȸ 
֪֪ʲô£ΪʲôڲǺͳ죬Ϊʲôĳڹ컯֮·һ棡ô룿ڹĹôǹңϻſһȺų֪µŹ㣬㿴ʲôԣоøʲô鼤˵ 
ʺŵɫҰףֻһԴᡣ 
ϣʺﲻǹġʱںͳһԡ죬֪顣ȵ֪˺󣬻ʺϾ͸˹˵ 
ת㲻ðʺ˵޻û鷳أһֱ谮εӣôҲʧĿʼ޲ǿˡ 
Ϊʲô˵谮ʱҵĻһʹأ֪ΪԺƽΪʲôҪʹҪԴףҲҲ˴ˣҵǣΪҵĽ 
Թķŭͳ𣬻ʺôľ




Ц4

һԲֵֻ֨ؿŻʺ󡣿ˣڣûпôĻ
϶ʺ˵
ʺ൱ʧ޾ãӦ濼ǿ㻹ϲʻʺλӡ
ﾪµ˶ŵòᡣʲô˼ѵҪϺ
״Ͻ˵˼ʺһ֮ĸʺ󡣡
鷴ʣѵ޻֪ʲôʱ˵ҪϺˣ޾ãʺҪжʱú÷˼һԼ˼һΪ
ʺ̽ʣϵ˼ǣҪѳ檴乬𣿡
ûô˵ֻ˼һ£޻µʱġ
ҲϽ˵檿˼ʺﲻǹģҲÿ춼СͿڻʺ£ԭɡ
㲻Ϊ˵顣һݲɨɨ£޵ľѾˣϷԣڻʺ˼޻ѡʺͳ󹬡˵
ʺ̾˿˵ϣڳ檽췸µķģ޻˵ǣڳµ**ˣΪΪʺϡ檷ġ
˭Ҫָ𣿡
檲ҡ
ȻƽΪ˴»ǫͣǰ㣬ͳ˧ˡ޽ѡƷУʴȣܹŷܹһңοһأ˵
˵ϣԲжó˵˭Ҹоң·Ҫҳһ
ȻѾǳҲ޻˵ˣϲ㡣ϣܺúʺǹػؾһ䡣
Ҳ˻ʺ֮ϰ˵ʺô˵Ƕİӣɿ޵ĵأ

顰֣Խ¡һ仰ͽڡԹۺЧССһӷΪеλڻʺ
˵ʣԥػش𣺡ûΪ˷ڣھȥ˵ĳƺţΪ
 
 
˼ǻϵļ£ǹҵĴ¡ο˸ողܵôʾͲΪĲܷڡʺ˵ 
Ѿˣʥְ£ܳϦģѵܷ𣿡 
˵ϣ檲ѧǳôܵƺšջس 
ôͻȻԼôûţڽʱûвŹټһң㶼Ӧ磬ôһȫأʡ 
ϣ׻˵Ѷϼ¡Ҫ檹󹬣ȱ顣 
˵ҪôšѾˣǶ°ɡУڳӵĳͷӽͷϳˡ 
찡ƫ̻Ұƫֵ̻ز˭˭ġ飬֪һΪҺãǣҲ̻ҵֵزɡ 
ڻ԰תƣܾʵ̫ˣһϦ֮䣬ã˵ 
һع󣬲˷ܵң˵ϲΪˣ𣿡 
Ŷǵġ 
飬ӲҪΪôӦأ




1

һ㶣æʣôԺ󲻻ܱ˵۸˶԰ɣ
ʲô˼
ǵ˻ʺ󣬾Ǻ֮ףڻʺֱϴ乬ôǾ൱ڻʺˣ
˵飬ȲҪ֪
ΪʲôǺ°ңεĲһǰλ£۸ơһ֮£֮ϣⲻǴ𣿡ʡ
Ϊʲô֮¾ʱܸ
Ѿ֪ˡ
ҺͲͬʱһǰ

ʲôôĳ˽ʹ֪ʲô𣿡
ҵȻ֪Щһһȫ֪
ʾò£Ȱ˵ˣ˺òð˵ȣѾɼˣѾӵˡΪ˼ңҵͻЩû뵽㻹ôġط߾ߵģ
ƺ̫͹ҵʵ˰ɣˣڽʱۿʩչṦҵṦǡ
ˣ˲ǲǣҪ˲ٸͱ¦ӣڣ֪Ҳ֪ˣ˰ɣ
ңôڸ𣿡
ǰɡŲ죬ұ¾ͻᴫؽࡣѽŲᱣأҲָֻϣܹúöԴɡһƬ˼ҹף˼һԸ޸㡣ǿ⣬ҶȻɸġ˵
ô˵ҵҪʣֺֹһ˵귭ˡ
ߺһֱϸĻǵģ˵ûдôһأң飬ɣ磬ҷ߽ܿɡ߽࣬ԵΪ߹صķɳôֲڲ
Һܾöûˣ˰˶ἵʵп顣֪ǲϷҸоõĵġǵ˵ˣңǣɣıʣ㻹ٿ
ң߳ƺ绽ŮʣڣǱȡƽӡɣԭңҲӦһֻ۱һֻۣȥ׷ĹǴʱ˿̣Ҿֲ㶼ˡ㣬Ұɣ
ʲôأô񣿡
һ顣
 
 
檲μ 
ˣ֮仹õЩ𣿡 
ղֽͬѾǵһһȻҪΪ󹬵ıˡ 
ް˵㣡 
ϣôͻȻǰ 
ûʲôˣ㡣˳㣬Ȼʺ󣬵ԺٽС 
ߣ˵ûϵʲôʱС 
߹ϣʣôˣ 
֪ʵУʵĻʺѡ 
仰׺䶥һ㣬ʺǵģҴеĿġǲϣܵϻʺȻǹҼȮ 
ôˣ 
Ŷûаʲôûаϣɲ˵ġʺһ֮ĸôܻ˭˭أܵĿǺܶ˵Ҳ⡣ 
˵󹬵˻ô˻ӭϷأ




2

鿴ңЦţ˵Ҫǣһӵʱ䣬𣿡
һӣһ˵֪ҽ˻ڻң̫ɼ̫޷ѡ顣飬һһܺ
ڶ죬Ҹոϴϣˡ
檲μ
һŵ˵㣬ôţҪҵٰô𰡣
ⲻ⣬ǵλ𱰡ǵǰ˻ʺǶūš
㣬ǧô˵ǰǵȷеλ𱰡˽£ҵĽ㡣㣬֪һܺҰɣΪҵĴڣԭǵĳ谮ǣһңǰɣ
˵ôأͻϣءǾôѣǾôڣȣ΢ġ
ڣϰֵɽ󶪸ңһ֪ôء
˵ЦˣǰʵۣһҶ´࣬һССĺʲô˵
νѶϼ£ΪǼ£ѹܡ
̾˿˵˵ҲǡΪ󹬵ͳ죬֮ĹϵҪãлӻŮ֮ĹϵŮϣΪ̫ӵӦǻʺĶӡ
԰Ͼġǣ˵仰ǽͻܹô̫ӵѡҲпܻỻأϾ̫ӵλûûжۡ
˵ǻ˵мҺʣ־òʻϡ
ʣʲô£
ʳ˭ģ
ǰλʺΪһЩԭ򣬴Ӿͻǹʺ︧˵
ʣôǰλʺ󣬳ʲô𣿡
 
 
 
˵𣿡 
ʵҲûʲôǰλʺΪز´Ӻ󲻾þްˡԣȻӲǻʺǴСҲΪ͵ 
Ŷ 
Һһûһ죬֪ʱ͹ȥˡ 
˵˹ǰλʺ飬ĺǿ᲻һֱ׷أ




3

˴죬ҹĵĪڴӵ顣أлʲôɸ˵ܡּҵȤϲЩ׷ף統÷̵¡
һ¡
ʲôԸ
ȥҴһ£ʺһÿ춼ʲôǺ͹йصġ
ū
һˡʺÿʱȥ鷿ӻŮϿΣʱȥһº󹬵йİУµʱ򣬾ͻټ顣Ȼÿͻϼ棬һ¡࣬Щ
֪ˡ
Իʳӵܹİɣ
ҿ˿˵ôãҲ˰
ū澲֪ܹĻʳӵ飬ܲµӹܺ£úõһ»ʳӵ飬𣿡
ȷܴܻ±˵˼ûʲôǣȥźӣǧ˵ĲǲܱӴҲǲܲӵ˼ǣִܻһЩ鷳𣿡˵
ū澽̻塣
ڶһ磬Ҿȥ鷿ӺͻŮǶϿΣʦңæʰ΢μ
ʦؿֻģʺﲻڣҵô¡˵
ǡ
ùңǼϿΡתתˡ
鷿ⲽм䣬ɫءźʮƵҵﲻ֪ʲôζ˵ӦðݼڣʲôǣǰĶͱĹĺӣ˵ûг
ˣǾѧһ£ҶԾĸιʲôʦ˵
֪
ãӣ˵˵
Ϊ֮ӦʵΪҳûаϿǹҰĸѸһЩ֮ĪֻҪȶˣŻᰲӵ˵
룬ǻʺĶӣճСж͸¶һ˿
 
 
˵ҲҪ˵ҾãڹҰԺ󣬾ӦʵΪѾˣûôսңϢʱˡԣʱܹʵҵĳŻõؽܾͳΡ 
һһ۵زֺֻлʳһﲻ˵վ˵˵Ķܺáʳӣʲôأ˵ôɡ 
ʳӻͷң˵ǣңΪսʱڰʱӦʵ 
Ųأ̵ʱôʵʩأѵԵҲҪʴ𣿡Ϸ 
԰ԵʴȲǶԼʴԵ˺ãǲһͻðСҲš 
µĺһվﲻ˵ܾȵӡ 
ǰȥ˵ӦǼʼǵġÿ˶ԼĹ۵㣬֧ԼĹ۵㲻Ҫ˵Ĺ۵㣬𣿡 
ӿңƵĿңĸ߼Ӧأ˵Ҳʵۣ˵ɡ 
СӶҵܴ󰡣Ҳѹ֣ĸӵΪұ˽գڽʺĹҲҲġ 
˵Ҳ˵˵ҸղѾ˵ˣǼʼǵġҲֻԼĹ۵㡣 
ѵſĶأֻʲôķӦأ




4

˵ððϴ
˵ʵҾô˵úܶԡҸҽһ°ɡҵļ磬ʱҲһʵۣԪ谡ڿҪʱĴһ飬ǽ˼ҪȽɽҪѹҰڰҾһҪ𣿲һȻҵ˼ҪԵʴȣǶԼʴȡһ£һԼҪԵһôԸ˳¼ȶȻҪûᰲߣóϢΪΪһ˵κһϣԼĹҰ̫ƽôҪĹ˳ӦҪġ˵ΪһӶͬһ£ʲôĿĶһģģֻҪڣ¾ڡҪôõأǿԻλ˼һ£һͨİգϣͳʴȵĻϿأıģĻġӦøᲢãأ¡
˵ĺá
һͷһ顣
μϡ
˵ɡ˵鷿ˣ͹û뵽ߵſڣ˵ء
Ҳ˼˵׳ˡ
ôأ˵ĺܶԡܣҪѧϰ
бۿ˿ӣһһ׵ģٿӣǵͷ˵ĬԵԸļҵĺܴȤĪǣй
һ鷿ʣȥ
檻ȥȻǻ޹ˡ
޺һȥ
ʣûҪ𣿻ǣʲôر£
Ȼ
غ޹
衣
ǡ
ʣϣ¾ֱ˵ɡ
ȥ鷿뿴λӰɣ
ǰһ»ǵѧϰӦҵķ֮°ɣ
˵ȻǡôĹ۲죬ʲô𣿡
̽ʣҪʵʵ˵𣿡
 
 
ǻʣ޾Ŀ 
˵ֻ˵ˣǻʳӺͻʴӡݳ檵Ĺ۲죬ö̫̫ſ񡣿ΪɣԽСڻʳӣȻҲǻʺ󣬵ǿΪԵʣԺͻʺԼһֱ϶ջۣͻóĬˡң檸оʳЩţ˵ԱͺͶγ˺ĶԱȣһԸһԱϣΪأ 
˵ĺܶԡĹ۲̽Ȥ 
ҪȤˣ 
ʵǣĿĵġǲΪֽʺͼ 
ʣʳйأ 
ôµģ 
¸ĸģ֮µĸĸһϣԼĺ㡣ĵһӣΪ˸رע˸ĸ顣Ըһϣġ˵ 
̾˵˵Ķԡǵʹ棬ȷѪ꣬Ը϶Կ޿ԱһʱܱһӡһޡôһΣաϣľֵ֮ܽ以ɱǣҼ壬ûа취⡣ 
Ҫôɽ׸ıƣ˵Ըô׸ıġ 
鵽Ҫʲôأͻʳӻʲôϵأ




Ȼʺ1

鿴˿ң̾ǰǣϣܹ֮ıһЩ
ǻϵóôأ
ôް㡣ʣϣܵ˺
˵ϣα껹α
Ȼαˡ
ϣ檿ʳӵõĲĲҩҽֻҪҳĲ򣬾ͿԶ֢ҩˡ
ʣŶкθ߼
ϣ׷һйشӵ
ôһ˵ɫһ¾ͱˣ˵˵ǰλʺ£
˵ԡҲܽҿӵĽᡣ
ϵ˵УУ
Ϊʲô
Щ飬ȻѾΪܣԶΪܰɡ
ȰϣڲǸµʱȴ𣿡
Ȼǣǰλʺ£ԲҪ׷𣿡
ԡ
ʣҪ𣿡
֣ϣôˣȻ취Ϊʲôô׷ӵǰλʺ£ѵʲôɸ˵𣿡
Ҳ֪ʵҲףֻҪһ˵йʵ£϶ͻ׷ȥסġǣҪǣпܣ׷鵽󣬵õĶ㲻֪顣ޣĲ˺㡣˵
ϣԽô˵ԽȤ۽ģҶĸԸܡ
ʣ𣿡
ȻЩ£Թ޻ڵġ
ǣһ¡Σ㶼ҪţǰʲôģǶѾȥˡﰮģֻ㡣˵꣬߹رסҡ
ԽҾԽǲ
ȻȥˣҪȻ޻˸Ҫϡ
ߡ
磬õйشӺǰλʺϣһֱڴġҲ˫ִ򿪿Ľس
ǰλʺȣ21꣬ްˡǲһֲ֪Ĺֲ
ҾЩΡʲôֲңǰλʺʼдú䣬ĥ͸ѵ飿ңһԺްˣλʺް¾ٵǻʺıҲ̫˰ɣ
ͻȻָоǰλʺһô򵥣ңųɱĿԣðһ󵨵룬еԭ򣬺ܿܺڵĻʺкܴĹϵ
 
 
 
Ӧǣ 
˵ȥһǰλʺȵĻ񣬾˵Ҫ 
һֻˡ 
ʣô£أ 
ūȥʹˣ˵ܸﻭ񡣡 
Ϊʲô 
ūҲ֪ūţǿϵɫǳѿͲˡ˵ 
ô°ȻҲ飬ﻹôҴŵģУҵȥ 
鷿С̫࿴ңūŲμ 
ȥͨһ£˵Ҫϡ 
ΪʲôԸȵĻأ𣿣




Ȼʺ2

æء
˵ѵ𣿡
С̫һ£æȥͨ
ôǲʲôʵİʡ
ﲻʰ
һϴ
檲μϡ
˵ôҪ𣿷Ҫ𣿡
ǡ
ң˵ˣʲôͲʲôͻʲôϵôӰ鰸
˼Һ˵ʲôܿģѵޱȣǣʲôɸ˵ܡ
һҪ
˵ǵȻˡ
㲻ڣ
ƣʲô˼ѽ֪ôд
鿴ңΣͷ˵ã
߽鷿һľӵȡһᡣ˺ܶҳӺܾöû˴򿪿ˡСؽȡزһ£Ӿֶ֪ôϧŻ
޵ľûʲôĻͿɡ齫ݸҡ
ɻؽӹᣬ̯ϣش򿪡
Ҿˣ
Ȼʺ󣬾Ȼƣһüۣһ飬ѵΪ
ôһɣ
ϣȻʺ𣿡
ͷ˵ͲµķӳԲһֱ㿴ġڣֲˣ
˵ǵģϣǲ㡣ֻǾôôɺϵ£ͬʱյˣȴӵͬסЩţҵͬĵˣҲΪû뵽һȻʺһϣûлĸ飬Ҳ㲻ΪȻʺŰҵġ
Ц㲻ͺãһΪһءڿҲˡ
ǣҾͻȥˣȻʺĻҿԴȥ𣿡
⡭
ɵӣҸæһ䣺һúñıģŪġ
鿴ҵҲЦ˳
 
 
ع󣬲˻ҲȲѣ˵ܡ 
˵ȻȻʺ󳤵ôΪʲôʹûأ 
룬˵ҿӦǻɡ˵ȻʺһֱǼɸ˵£ܻϲԸ𡣡 
˵ūо䲻֪ôĻ֪ɲ˵ 
ʲô˵ɡ 
Ȼʺ󳤵ô񣬻ϻ᲻ΪȻʺŶٰ㰮أ 
˵˵ĻҿȻʺĵһ۾ˣҲпΪȻʺŻע⵽ҡӦþͲˣŻ϶ҵĸ顣 
ū澾ͷˡ 
ЦʵҲûʲôɲĵģ˶Ѿˣѵһȥһ˵Ĵ𣿡 
˵Ц 
һ˵Цô˵ĴһԲء 
˵ʲôɳԴ׵ģôĴ׻أֲǶôӣԭһԭΪȻʺ󰡣 
ȻʺĻ񣬾ȻԼʮƣӺβأ




Ȼʺ3

Ų飬Ҳѹ֣ūƾ󣬲ΪҵĵóҲӦõġ
ȥȡЩֽ
Ҫд𣿡
˵ǣҵðڷдŸǡ
ūּ
дú˵ųȥ취ͻؽġ˵ͽŸ
ū澸
ôˣ֡
϶ôãôά۰ѵһ㶼жΪ˺𣿡ʡ
˵ղ˵⻰ʲô˼ȥʲôϵ𣿡
ū澵˼ǣūȥţҪôĻẦϰôģô˵ϱϾɷ򰡣һշްնķҪôҪٹʲôͺúõذĵĵܾר裬𣿡˵
㲻㲻ܸ֮ʣǵ𣿡
˵ūûǣǣÿū澿϶صӣͲġ
ΪԸ㲻룬ʦǵļƻʧˣΪǾͻưոǵҰǲġϣ㲻Ҫˣǽˣ˶ڽࡣѵǧǧİյͲÿ𣿡˵
˼ؿңһ˵ū֪ˣūȥš
ߺҲܲʹ죬֪ǶıѣʵͲˣҲûҪǣĲԸ⿴Ѫɺӡ
ϣһ˵ӣ˵
ǡ
ãӾˡܶôſ
μ
ӣ㲻Ҫô͵ڻصԼһ˵
л
˵ʰûб˼αġأҪ׷ȻʺŶҲĸ£ҲӦ˵˰ɣ
ǣ˵ˡŵ¼汸լʺ񡣶лĴ¡ϣĸһס
 
 
ãȻӶô˵ˣһľҲϣܺúϱ 
ǡ 
˵ӣһ⡣ 
֪ʶʲô 
ʣӣղ˵ñĸһף𣿱ʣ仰ʲô˼ѵ˵ʲôĸ£ 
 
ôˣղŻӦĺúõģ˵֪޲ԣ޲Ź˶ãͲԸˣʡ 
ǣΪҲֻǵ;˵ΪҵĻж˵ 
ҵȤŶȻ͸ʲôˣ˵ɣϸжϵġ 
ʱˡ 
μμʳӡˡ 
Ǿͺãȥɡ˵ 
ʳӵ˵ʲôЩȻʺʲôϵôжϣ




Ȼʺ4

ȲߺҶԴ˵ʣڿ˵ˡ
ǡĸһͱˡɻʺ︧ȻʺԶҲܹģҲԶǣһֱĸǽ黳˵
⣬
ӽ˵Ժ󣬶öòĻһЩڶֹԶָָġжܣΪĻ֣ôӦöԶǣƺܶԶֵ⣬ǳӡ
Щūűʲôôˣʡ
Щū˵ĸ󲻵úӦе³˵ʲôһжǱӦ˵Ҳʲôý
͵һӣ˵ߣ̫ɶˣ
ǳЦ˵ûĺӣ£Ӧöϥң˵
ʣ˵ʲôˣ
˵˵ʸͲϲĸ󣬸ϲҡʺҲãǿͳ϶̳С˵Ҷһ㣬ȻϻλһҪҺÿί˵
̫ɺˣССͣôҪϻλǻ˵ɱŹ֣Լ׸綼ĺȫ˼ֵ֮飬ָ԰պǰһֱʷǿкҰաû뵽ǰһСǷյ˵
һҪ
ʣӣǱ˵㣬ΪʲôǿӲһأ
ӽ˵֪ĸԸ˰ڲڻʺ֮ǲĨɷġңǶʲôȥأûʲôݣ޿εӰֻҪһôǶ
˵ûһӣ޿ﶼˣоûУҪʲôȥͻʺ󣬺ЩȨأȻǻʳӣûɽټĹ͢ǵ׸𣿹ܱһʱȴܱһһû˹ıӣʲǺ͸죿ЩǣΪʲôҪһĺӾⳡأ
̾˿˷ΪޣΪⰡ
ȾҰ
˵ʣ㲻Ҫ¡㾡֪ܰĶ߱һΪֻع
лĴ¡
ȱæлȸ߱Щڱ˵ĸлЩūŶ˭ûʹǣΪʲôҪô˵㣿ʡ
˵ЩūŶǻʺ﹬ġǸտʼ˵ʱ򣬶ʹǡǣǶЦ˵ûʲô׷ʣǾͻ˵˵
˵ʲô
˵òҪ֪ҪȻһԾġ
ʣˣΪʲôҪô˵Ϊʲô˵ȻʺҪԾأ
 
 
Ҳ 
ԽԽɽƣԽԽ˼ˡĻñ˼⡣ 
ʣ𣿡 
Ц˵ôأҲûϵܻġ㲻õģô˵Ҳǽ˳ƵһŮ̽Ů 
Ц˵û뵽ôͨ˵˵ڽпڱãڽҲǺġĸİӽ飬ͷˡ 
ӴӿЩֵۣβأ




Ȼʺ5

ʳôңһеƮƮȻˡȻѾӦ˼ңٿʳڴ飬Ѿ˱Ҫ¡
ʳߺҷԸȥ̽һ£̺ȻʺĶЩˡ
ôѾҪ֪˭ֱӰʸײ𣿡
룬ҪزȻʺɰ飬Ѿ˾֪ˡҴĵȥһЩ֤ݣһЩ֤ˣǲ뺦Ȼʺ˳ûնݳ𣿡˵
ūס
ϣɫŵػʣôˣ˳𣿡
ôţ
ʣôţ
еıԶǣѾնݳˡ
ʲô˼
˵ԭЩȻʺ߷̹ˣ͵Ȼʺᡣ
һǵ͹Щˡѵûһ𣿡ʡ
УкûУһġ
ƣ˵ʲôƿһ
͵ȻʺߵĻһС澣ʱ̫СǸɴֻģЩ˿ܾûмӺ
ôˣ
֪ΪʲôѾưˡ
ҽͰ͵˵ƣưͣŶûϵҲд
ѽôһͿһʱֻһɴֻС澣ְ
˵ԶԶԣ˵Ķԣôڲǵʲôû𣿡
ǻ̴ӵЩǿ԰ͨͨץ̿ʣ
УڻʺﱻȥˣҪ֪ˣ϶ΪĴ治죬˽أ˵
˭Ĵ治죬˽𰡣
һ檸밲
˺ˣ֮䣬ضͶ˵ʲôأ
йȻʺ£衣
ңʲôüĿˣ
˵ػϣ檽ʹӳ̸һΡ檱ǰ̹ȻʺĹֲ鿴˵Щ˶ѾˡֻһɴֻСѣǸСѾưͣҲϵ֣Ƕˡ
 
 
ŶǸС˭ 
ʣǸС˭ʲô֣ 
ػϣǸСдϴһЩӵĴֻ 
֪ˣ޺һ 
˵Ҳһãһư͡ 
˻һ˿ϣһϣҲûˣ˵ǲǰ 
ǡϣɫˣ޹Ϣ𣿡 
˵޹ѵﲻ޵޹𣿡 
 
ʲô޵ӣĹ޵޹㻹Ҫȥﰡֵ 
ǻϣû֪ͨ檣Ҳûз޵ӣҽ졭 
ңôҪЩȽڸʲôһ֮ϢҪô𣿲ϴ 
 
͹ȻʺߵŮʲôķأ




Ȼʺ6

Цܰʲôѽȥ
ǡЦӦʡ
дһǶ鰡ôæ£Ϊޡ
һ£ǸӦǸ˭Ȼ˭
ЦİþǶӣΪΰҹҪ˼ҵĴ˼ҷ֮飿
һǰ
ʣôˣʲôһڼһẦµģ㻹ȥ
þţҲͻϵĺµġҾûмˣ뿴ѡ˵
ûҿڣͽ˹ȥҪĻ첻ܿ𣿶ң֪
ʲô
֪ʣ⳼ܽ󹬣һδ޵Ĵ˽빬ɱݣЩ𣿡ϴʡ
￪ʼе㷢ëˣ֪Իʲô
Ҫֻ֣ʹЩ̫ˣȥ硣ɼȫһȺҷ
˵סڣҹҹʹѾǴ󲻾ڻͻ϶죿
Ƿһİ¾Ͳˡ
˵һˡ
Ĭһ˵ˡ糯ʹǸС澣ʱ޻һ󡣡
檹ͻϡϣ³çǻˣ˽ԽȻдͿɡ˵
鿴˿ңǿͷߺһڵİӻûвҲû˽ˣٳһˡ
ڶ죬òǸС澽˹Һ飬ѽѽرȻţȻͷ
񡣡
ʣǴ
ǸС澵ͷ
ڣЩҪ㣬һҪʵʵ˵˿֪𣿡˵
ֵͷ
ʣǰȻʺһɴֻСѾߣô㣬Ȼʺǲ𣿡
˵ͷҡҡͷ
ʣʲô˼ǻǲǰ
˼ǣǻǲ֪ǣ͵һͷ㲻֪͵ͷĸʡ
һͷ
Ҷ˵ϣȻʺĲǲġбΣ
ǰû뵽㣬Ȼʺôģ
ҡҡͷ
ʣҡͷǲ֪˼𣿡
 
 
˵ͷ 
ʣô֪Ȼʺǲأ 
ָָԼ۾ֱȻһ״ˮĶ 
ϣ֪ˣ 
ʲô 
˵˼ǣȻʺһʲôȻͺܿˣǲ˼ 
ͷ 
ϣεѶջСһ㳼檿Կ϶Ȼʺ϶Ǳ˺ġֻҪ˳׷ȥһҳԪ׵ģ˵ 
ʳȻʺǲʵôҵ𣿣




Ȼʺ7

ҿ˿˵ˣûʲôˣȥɡ
ˡ
û뵽Ȼ¡
ϣؾȣ£Ķˡ
ʣΪ˭ɵأ
˵Ŀǰ檻²Ļʹʲôˣȱһ֤ݡǣźܿͻˮʯˡ
㡣
ϣһкܶҪæ檾Ͳˡ
ʣô𣿡
檲ҡ
ˣȷʵкܶҪæ޾ˣʲô£ʱޡ˵
檹ͻϡ
ߺ󣬲ҷ裬˵ʵеˣǲǣ
ʲôеף
˵ʵͲµȻʺ˭ˣֻǿû֤ݣԲŲڻǰ˵𣿡
ЦС˵ˣˣҪҰ¡
Ը
߶˼䣬ͷȥ룬ΣһҷĿ
һҵͷ˵ķԸˣ
ãУץʱԽã
ǣѾˡ
Ц˵ڣ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
˵ǴūǷˡ
ѽҪͶ
ǵõ𣿡
˵ģ˵һᡣ
ϣڿ飬ܽ˵˵׼ˣ
ʲôѵĶˣ
ǰ񰡣ū̫ˣ
˵ססɲҪ˵ҵľϽˮ಻ƺӷһʰ
 
 
ô֪ūҪ˵ʲô̫ˣūھȥ߻ϣ˵˴ˣ˷ܵ˵ 
ţȥ 
ʣΪʲô 
ڻû֤ݡ 
ǲѾ֤𣿡 
˵⻹֣Ϊһ˾һӴȫ˵ķء 
Ҫô죿 
ܼ򵥣ֻҪϢͿˡ 
˵ŶôʲôʱſԽ᰸ 
ˣֻҪǱϢһǾͿԽ᰸ˡ˵ 
̫ˣοˣ˵ܵϻʺıأǵľҪˣεԽǣǾͿؽˣš 
ҸæססڣСĸǽж 
Ŷūçײˡ 
˵ĶԣҲԺңҵʺҲǣûпܡĿԽԽˣӦø˵ĲұǴŸ̬ĿľǴܹŮ˳Ϊʺ󣬻Һ󹬣ԼȻصࡣǣΪʲôһ뵽뿪Ҿͻʹأһ뵽Ϊң֮ôʹأ 
ĺ«﾿ʲôҩץס׵أ




Ȼʺ8

磬ʹϢ˵ҪҵѾҵˣ
ô
ȻѾҵǣǡ
ʣô
ҪҵѾˣĺˣ˵Ҳܰư
ǧ㣬㲻죬Ȼкڣʼû˸˵˵
ҽиһ˵˾֪ˡȿɡ
˵Ҳá
һţҴһʱéٿߣɱ֤ôһԭͱ¶
ڼ鷿

˵ǰӸˮʯʱˡ
ǡ
糯æһҴĵˣ֡
ʲô
檼ϣ룬ڸǽ᰸ʱˣҲȻʺһˡ
龪㵣˵ʲô˵ˣ
ǵġϣȻʱ̣ܶǳЩ֤ӡ
ǣźһʵĴûʲôرķ֣ô죬˵Ҫ᰸ˣ
ûϡʵʱһѶʱ򣬳еˣֻǿû֤ݡʩСƣͽҪɱڵ֤סˡ
Ŷô죿ôģ
˵ϣȱ𼱣Ҫеڳ
 
 
ʣʲô˼ 
ϣڼݻʺ޹檺֤֤һ͵˵ 
˵˼ǣͻʺйأ 
ϣڲκΰʾ֪ˡ檻˿ؽľ㡣 
á 
ߣǶɡ 
ǡа𣿡 
İɣҵĿĲǵʲôʺֻ˵һѡ˵ 
յʺ޹Ϳûױ磬泯ؾͳӭˡ 
檼ϡ 
ɣʺӿɺð 
ʺ˵ͷģ檺õúܡϽôᵽأ±˼޻ûеء 
Ȼʺ󾿾Ǳ˭أһĺͻʺй𣿣




ʺ1

˵죬Ϊ
ʺңɫͻȻð׵ֽһ
ǰôˣʡ
ǰ˵Ϊ鰡
عͷ˵ˣޣ׳ʲôˣ
ϣ꺦ȻʺˣǵĻʺ
䣬˷һȵ顣
˵ʲô
˵ϣ檸ղ˵꺦ȻʺˣڹǰģĻʺ
㣬˵ϣҪһ֮ʣԩ檣ʺ
ߵҸǰĲ𣿲ҪѪ˰
ʣϣǲųˣ
ǲ㣬·ͻȻޣͻȻһ׼ûа˵
ϣҪ׼ʲô檽첻ҪʺѿֻȻʺͻʳһ˵
ϣ㲻ҪѪˣҺȻʺԩ޳ΪʲôҪ
˵ΪŮ˵ͨʣ
ʣʾҪ̫ǣǿ˰ɣǣǼʣҲ㣬ܵõϵİôûа㺦أʺ˵
һЦʺΪ뺦Ǹ°
㵽ʲô˼ʡ
ϣ꺦Ȼʺˣǻʺ꣬Ȼʺĳң˻ʺļʣɱġʺȻʺȥ̽ȻȻʺҩ¶ȻʺȻƾʱĵλ˳µسΪʺ󣡻̬ظȻʺŹ»ʳӣڳһʴȵӣϣŮģʵڿɺޣ˵
˵˵¶Ȼʺʲô֤ݣ
˵ϣһ£Ȼʺ꺢ӣǲ
룬˵ǣ޼ǵõʱʺҲȥ̽ޣû뵽ȥ̽Ϊ˺
ǵģϣҪһ֮ʣϣôķޣѵ檵Ϊ˽𣿡
 
 
˵ϵȷ˽⣬ҪȻЫŮ˻ܻ𣿻ϣʺﴫͳ̫ҽȻʺȵҩ¶ȻʺŮ˻Ҫɱڣɱ̫ҽ󣬻ȻʺߵȫֻʣһɴֻСѾͷŪưͣȻ󣬻ʺָȻʺͨȻʺ󶼲ĿҲܾǵİۣһеʼٸ߾ǻʺ 
˵ȫں˵ϣ˵ô࣬һ˱ģ˵Һôˣʲô֤û֤ݣſڴƻƣϻһףʺƱ 
˵ʺҪ֤𣿺ðҸ㡣˰ 
ȺɢŮ 
ʺڶôû 
һ˵꣬ͻȻԼʧˡ 
Цʺղ˵ʲô 
ңʲôû˵ 
װǻˣڳÿһ˶ˣʺҾˣô֪ˣΪʲôᾪȴûأʡ 
ʺ޽⵽ô£ 
ϣһư˵ʲô˹ݺңϣǧҪϵ 
ʺҷȻʺҵ֤أ




ʺ2

鿴ʺʣղǾ仰ʲô˼ռ
ϣѵ⻹ոռ˾ȲҪɱˣ
һɺԣ
˵ʺǲһɺԣһ˾֪ˡ
һ߶µ
ʣʺˣʶ𣿡
Ҳʶ
㲻ʶ㹬ô᲻ʶأȥɱڵİɣ
ʺ˵ûУʲô֤ݣ
֤ݾûüɱͱץסˣ
ϣ΢Ǵͳԣ΢ķԸڹ澴סץҪɱˣǻʺĽ
˵ʺػʲô˵
˵ʲôץסҵһֻ˵ɱһ澣˵ɱȻʺ󡣡
ʺΪʲôҺͻϸոʹйȻʺ£Ҫʹɱ֣𣿡ʡ
ʺ󣬻ʵȵ
ϣʵԩԩ
˵ǲԩܿͻ֪Ȼʺ̫ҽҲʺ֣˼䣬С
ãͨһ͹˵С󣬲μϣꡣ
ʣСڱ㣬̫ҽ󣿡
ǡ
ôôģ
ǣǡ
˵㲻Ҫ£ʵ˵
ҸǱʺﺦġ꣬ʺҪҸ붾Ȼʺ󣬼ҸȴӦڸȻʺ󿪵ҩ˶ҩڼҸÿμӵҩǳ٣ԲױС˵
 
 
ϣɼǵõȻʺĲ飿ȻʺֵĲ֢ʡ 
޼ǵǻʱΪǲԾû⡣ȿǻʼã岿ֵطҲʼãҲ֪ʲô̫ҽҲ޲ߡʱȼݹᾣԣֻ϶ǹֲˡش 
˵ϣǸʲôֲжж 
ж 
ǵģһֻѧԪأ˪Ҫɷ֡ 
龪㵣˵ʲô˪ 
ҽ͵ûϣ˵һ˳˪ܲ鲻ǣȻʺһ࣬룬һÿ춼Լ΢˪᲻˲أȻᣬΪ˪̫Сˣ鲻ٳɶ࣬һһ˪ôջۣȻ˵ġ 
ʺ˵ϣǧһжƲ⣬û֤ݡ 
ϣţǵ̫ҽµģĿ潫ʺκȻʺľдĺ 
Űɵؽӹţ򿪿̫ҽıʼϵá 
ϣʼǿģµģ˵ʲô 
˵ûʼǿģ£ǣܸ֤˰ɣ 
˵꣬ҽó˵ϤǵʱĽȥɱ̫ҽʱϵӡ 
ʺбҷʲôͷأ˻ʲô𣿣




ʺ3

ڳ˶עеӣ˶ϵǴŻеġ
滹մѪһȥɱ̫ҽʱմϵģ̫ҽѪ˵
ʺλʲô˵ʡ
ϣԩԩ
˵ϣ˵ʲôֻҪһĸûӣ֪˭ɱ̫ҽ
ǰѾôȥˣӵʱˣҲһ
˵Ǿȥ˭Ӳˣ
ϣūŸղŲʺĽûӡͳ˵
ʺ㻹лҪ˵𣿡
ʺͰ͵˵һ
ʱ¹ڻʺǰ˵ūԩūŵȥɱ̫ҽʱûŪưūŵһֱڣǣ컹ڵģôôᡭ
ʺ˰ɣ˵
⹷ūŰ²ʺҧгݵ˵
ʺūûŪưûа
˵ʺµȷûŪƣΪ͵ġ˵ʵҸͲ֪㵱˭ȥɱ̫ҽģֻǽƾͼƣ͵һ,Ū˵㼦Ѫ档ҵĿľ㲻УͶû뵽Ȧס
ʲô㣬㡭ʺ˵
ؿŻʺʣʺΪʲôôΪʲôҪɱȣΪڸɱôˣ
ϣΪ˸Ȼʺ˽ͨȻʺԲȰ
ʣôȻʺ˽ͨˣ
ôˣôǵã
˵֪ʲôţ
衣ʺ˵˽ͨ˾ͽ衡
ʣʺѪˣļǵǸ˽ȷ𣿡
ҵȻȷǸˣ˽ͨײˣʺ⡣
 
 
ãԣǴͳ졣ÿһˣд˺Ȼʺ˽ͨ 
˵ĻûС΢ʮûнˣ 
ʲôʺ󾪽С 
ϣ˰ɣʹûˣʺԩȻʺһĪе˽ִ̫ͨͨҽɱڣ˵ʲô࣬Ϊ檿ΪΪԼ˵ 
ʺǴΪһ˽ɱôˣ֪𣿡ʡ 
檣֪һ档 
ȴ֮ˣã 
 
ŶӺ˹ 
ϣϿڶӵķϣĹʺɡղĻҲˡ֪£ȷǻʺˣڶӺô֮ķϣŹʺɡе˵ 
Ҫ޷Ź 
ϣ᰹ľƣʺ㷸乬һӲգȴδмӺĵ˵ 
Цǣ᰹ԹδлʵۼӺĵǣӾܼӺΪԼȣͺ𣿡 
ʺֻôأĻϻʺı𣿣




ʺ4

һ仰˵Щ޵ˡ
ϣôǲԣǣһ档
˵֮£һҲ֪𣿡
⡭
ʣĪǵ£ҲУ
ңϣңҵҲȰʺǻʺҡ
˵ԭ֪һУ֪߸޿ˡȻûΪŰǱȿ˲ƽȴ֪ͦ𣿡
ϣ֪ǣǿŶӵķϣ˻ʺһɡ
Ĳ˵㡣޺ʧһֱΪׯţ磬û뵽Ȼۿȱ˵ʵļˡ˵
ϣ֪
ڰ֣˵ˣʲô˵
ϡʺ̽Žһ
˭֪鵱Ϻȣסڣޣ޵ΪѸ£˵Ʒж¡ǽգԼԼͰ
ϣ
ˣʲôβܻǷµһξ͹ˣϳȥնˣ˵
ʣҪ
ӿ޺ŹǰģʣҪʣʹĸǧںϣĸһɣûﰡ
˵ϣ˵ĶԡʺдʲôСûﰡ
ߣ˴ĸףʲôã
ϣһɡ˵
Ҳ
˵ϣԼ֮ϣԼ֮ףȹԼĺأ
Ĭһ˵ķϣ޾һǣ⣬ӣʺΣ
Ͽһ顣
 
 
ЦʺԵǸʺģһҲΣ 
˲ 
Ȼ㵱ôάĺý캦£ôάȥɡҲΡε˵ 
顭 
ת˵ãҪлл㣬Ҫ㣬޻ڹ죬޽ʺΣ޷һѵЧȡǽ춼ˣ˭ҪƵ£³ͺһʺúϢɣĻôӦҲˡΪǴ򿪵ĵģ乬ĴţúõؾİɡУ޽컹һѾˣʺ󣡲䣬һܺ;С 
ʣϡ 
ãʲô˵ˣѾ 
ʺôͳ᰹Ļʺˣ̫˼ˣҪ֪ˣûʲôķӦҴĲ죬Ǿͻ֪Ǹ͡ 
ȺɢȥҺͲŻ޹Żûϣ˳˵̫ˣЩ۾ˣū澻ûйϲأ 
ʣϲʲô 
˻ʺ󣬵ȻҪϲˣū澲ʺ밲ʺǧǧǧǧꡣ 
ʺ˳ֻʲô˵أ




⣨1

㣬Ҽæס˵Сĸǽж
ʲô
ߴʤҲôǷǡ
˵ԴεĻʺҵż챻ˡǿЦǰ۸ңڵãֺҡһϻʺ͸СЬȣҲˣΣȷʵûǹĶǡ
ʣˣҿҪæˡ˭õʺôѰҵǻʱˡ
ǲ𣿡
ѽˣҲڿ
˵ҪôĹأĻʱҪЦġ
ѵ֪ҲǺŬ׼ؿ𣿡
ʶ֪ҺͲ׼죬Ѿˣǲˡ
ҿ׼ˡ
һӰҡڵ˽
ôôﰡҪǣҪǸ˿ˣôͣʡ
΢Ϣŭ΢˴вõϢҪƲô˻
֣ʲôõϢ
΢˴ġ˵ε񵽴Ϊֹصࡣ˵
˰죬ûзӦ仰˼
ΣҲŽͰ͵ʣ㣬ղţ˵˵ʲôţ
΢˵ؽࡣ
Ϊʲô
˵ȥ֪ˡ
ڵĴҲ֪ô
Ұһһʮظˣ˵ѾǺܲˡڣ΢ٻؽࡣ˵
˵ڸ˵ʵ׳ʲôˣΪʲôҪڹϻȥ
ȥ֪ˡ
Уڸ˵ȻĻҾͲߣ
 
 
һ£˵΢ǧȰ 
˵ 
Ҫٲȥѳֳ£½Ҫˡ 
ʲôҾ 
ʲô˼Ҫˣ׺䶥ʲôζᵽˡʲôΪʲôҪ 
˵ʲôʲôˣΪʲôг𣿡ʡ 
ˣǽĵѪǣҪǲʱȥҪڵĻҵˣ 
ΪʲôôͻȻأൽ׷ʲô£صҪʡ 
Ϊ⣬ԣΪǸ 
ʲô 
˵ǵС𣿡 
˵ǵðڲ֮ǰҵ澡˳⣬ôˣ 
̾Ǹɵĺ£Իϣ֪뿪಻ãͽǸѾͷΪҹҹר裬Ȼ˼㱣˭֪ǸȻĪȥļϸǼָʹ£˺ܶ¡ȰûáڣǸʧٵϷȫܳһֻǸڣһ϶ץ᰹Ҫ᰹ȥǸ˵ô찡 
ŵľϢص𣿣




⣨2

еվסˣ¡
۵ؿң˵֪ܾȡǣţ΢ԣʵ
ϸ룬ǸСȷʵЩ֡һλʱСƺЩǰ־Ӱһǰ飬άĪֺ塭
ĪǸţ̫ɺˣ
ܾȽľֻˣȥʰװǾߣ
ǣ
ʣ᲻㻹ǵôԴģڣֻԱ֮ʩʲô
ңҲпԡ˵
ѵûп֪뿪ȷʵܲпᣬ˵һӦ޹أǣĵ׻»һˣڻСڳʣˣ˵
ҲȰң˵϶أǣҲҪİհ㲻ǳ˵ʼǰѵԸ⿴ʧţǻ֪£Ҳԭġ
ңҡ
Ҫԥˣһ̣Ͷһ̵Σհ߰ɡ˵
ʣǣأ
Ѿˣģ߰ɡ
ҲȰ߰ɣ
ãðɡʰһװߡ
˵΢İлĴ£
ҿЦŰڰ֣˵ҪлңҪлңڣңʲô˵лǲףġ
ʰװڻ£ǳҹȻ뿪˻ʹ뿪ŵһ̣һȥ룬ܻһҪ뿪һô졣飬ټˣһ𣬿½ˡ
ˣ߰ɡ
˵߰ɣԽԽġ粻鲻飬߰ɡ
Һͷ˵Ķԣ鲻飬߰ɡ
ҹ࣬ҲҲԸ鷢ʧٺʲôķӦ᲻ҵһ飬Բ𡭡
£к
 
 
һʱӦôңϸ롰ƺ˵·ǻˡϰ˽һϣʱ˽λˣйڣҲ֪Լʲôݻص 
ŶӦš 
а·̣ǾҪˡ 
֪ˡ 
ڰ߿ң˵ˣһѾȳȥˣͻزͷˡū澿ó϶һǣ 
Ҵ˵ˣ֮ڣҲ֡ 
ǡ 
飬Ͼͻصˣ㱣ء 
 
Ҳͷʣôˣ 
Ҫصˣ΢ƿԱߵӿĶôࡣͲ᰹Ҳڻġ˵ 
𣿡 
ƿӣϡ֣ԽԽһˡϴ뿪һ˰ɡ 
ؽֿʲôΪλ˾ȣعô죿




ʮ&nbsp;ﻹ&nbsp;&nbsp;ؼң1

˽ĳţ۲һ顣ʼʲôΪұ߾ȽƶҲǺƽ顣ԽԽȡ
֣Ϊʲô뿪Ҳһ꣬ôأؽֵʤϵֿҶС
ͣҪȥ
ͣ£³һǲҲ̶ãСſڸոȥĸϴ޺ƣѰκοʳ֮նס̾Ϣ
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˰ɣٲ
߹ȥֵĲ״絶ʡ
ûдָһЩɡ
˵Զˮܽʣϵȫóܾȼˣٻسɡ
˷ˣкðɣԵİɣһСӿסҵȹڡ
һΧеһӵϡ
󸻴кðɡ
˷ȱɡ
˵ôģΪʲô
һ˵֪ǰǸŮʵ񣬺Ҳ֪Ϊʲôλôùʵۣһ쵽ֻ֪֣ʲôܡǽ˴󺵣ղʳ͢ҲȼǶȥˡ
ȱɣˡ
ʲôԶˮǽˮģȰϵǮó
ҺͲϵóЩְֿݣﻹţ
˵ʲôǽĽ﹫λǵġ
Ҫǽп಻Ĳ״ѹˡ
ҵǻǾȥɡ
뿪Щӱ޸˻ȥһ·ϣҶƿ⿴¿ƲסԼˮ
 
 
ϣڵִʳǣΪλؾǡӡģԲܻعฮϾסԶԶؾͿһӴҡҸ³æܹ˵ӭ 
˲ض񣬿ɡ 
;Ͷ٣ǽ𻰡 
ݺæʣˣŵ˵ˡҪô죿 
£Բʵһб޹أΪǣҪôʵǡ 
˵ˣҶѾˣ˵ЩʲôڳΪʲôСΪʲôԻϣһ׷Ҳ̫ˡӦģʲô֣İ취 
ǡˣӦòȡʩˡ 
ؿһۣ˵£ǶԻϲЩϳãŲµ 
ʣʲô 
ڳ˿ңͬشϵۣ 
ʲô⣬ôԣ 
̲˵򲻵ѵôȴ治£һ·Ҳˣǽ඼Сʵ۸ʲôˣ֪ǽʳΨһѪΪûѪϵҲԸⰡ㲻룬ʵۣĥѲŽ۹ٵ𣿡 
صڳϵʵۣӦ𣿣




ؼң2

һ£ʣ飬ϸǹˣ
˵û취İ취
ͲȰȰ𣿡
˵룬ҪǻͦȰĻǻǧؽ𣿡
˵λڳ֪Ϊ˽龫ǣڸӣ˭Ը⿴ǣһ£ϵۣǿɲİ
ҵȵȻ֪ϵ۲ġķϵ𢣬ҵҲ˽ǣǲϵۣɻϺǽǧĻҵͻˣҵҲͳǧˣʲôȥԽʳڰȻôǣཻǣǺڣͿˣôȻʽȻʵΰ˵
ʣ𣿡
˴ǡ
ǣʲôҺ˰֪ҸͲǽã⣬ܾǰ˰ӦǣҸôס˵֮ڣҸԲ˳˵
һ·ҲˣҲˣնӵҪ֪ʵǸͲں˭ʵۣ׻ʵǲǽãֻ֪ʵֻҪΪ룬ǾǺûʵۡҲ֪նǶô᲻ãô
˵࣬ľûбİ취𣿡
͵ǵûкǰ˵һλ𣿵ʱ˵¾ųСʵʺʵۡ뱻У¾ŵǻһ꣬ͰѹҸ໹ټͳ˵ĺܶԣն˭ʵںֻҪǺûʵۣǾϿɡڷϵ֮£ֻҪһ𰸡
ͬ
˵ֻҪһͬ⣬Һλϵ۵׼õôһЩسĺܣնĿڱԶʤڶԻϣţֻҪϵ۵ǻ˶֧ġ
˵ǰˣǰҺ͹شˣŶǲǣȥ΢˽ùΪôĺ£֪ж˶ж¡ӲǸõֻҪаյӵյĿڱѪоͲҪˡ
ǰͼΣϣܷٲʢ𣿵ѪôŽϣôͿػһСʵ۵СҵĻҵҪġ
һһģڱҷϵ۵ǻǵĻҲе˭Ը⵱ūأ
ЩĶȰ룬ǹ˥ˣ˭ˣȻ᰹ĪڽǱô꣬˻Ǹһж᰹ıĿֻһҪǽʱǽǧ񶼳᰹ĽԸ⿴𣿡
 
 
ǶƵΪ¿ˣһôأֲͷһ⵱ʵۣٵһкηأ 
뵽ֻ˵λ䣬ΪˡңңӦˡ 
һɿڣϲüҡ 
ͷߵݣμϣꡣ 
ꡣ 
ѽǱһûеǻأ⡭ 
˵ϣؾˡڣѾǻʵˡ 
ˣҵˣ·࣬Ϣɡǻץݷϵگġ 
Ȱ˵ӦµǻƵۣζصλأ




ϵۣ1

һ޸ģϵ۵گѾݺˡҴſһ£󲻹ЩĴң𢶯֮Ļ
ʲôҪ޸ĵ𣿡ʡ
˲Щ㱣ΪҲιְʱһӻص˼ǰִ
ûˣдĺܺãʵ벻öص㡣ҹĵģЩ˵
ʣ˵£
ҴЩӣһֱ룬Ӧηϵأ
⻹򵥣һҹɱȥץס⣬״ȻΪƵۣⲻ𣿡˵
С
Ϊʲô
˵㻹ͳ죬ǰ׸㷢ٺ»ˣѵˣһ־ģ֪ӻϵĺô˵ɱɱȥ
˵ԶԣԼǡǲôçײôӳǡ
࣬⻰Ͳˡ
ôֲˣʡ
˵룬Ҵ᰹ӳҲкüˣǱһըˣʱӻһҷҵĿԣĹңĪǸҲô׵ؾͷŹҵģңҵĳָ鼴ΪʺĵڣôưոݣǶˣ³֪ҳӵ飬һ뵽Ŀ϶һصˡͻǵͲðˡǷܴӳ飬Խ鷳ԽӦսپ
˵ô˵ҲǣҲǡӦô죿
˵ʵ£Ҫ㡣
ң
ԣǰεͳ죬־еҲкܶʶİɣ
𣺡ǵǣһЩҵľɲô
˵ڻٽ߷־
߷
Ƿˮ
ʣ𣿡
˵İ취ˣˣʥ˵Ҫ飬ƭƭϳ߱ض˱¾Ҫ߷ǷɹˡЩˮ֮˱ٰһЩڸ֣ʱ˫л
 
 
԰˵Ķԣͽȥ 
ֻˣСġ 
ߣұ˵ˣʣµ£ҪˡҪһЩڸڴˣУƭóҪˡ 
ġ 
У󳼶Ҫ롣 
һ 
˵ûʲôĻǾͱƹϵۡ 
˵ּ 
ߺһطϢҪ족ˣֺֽ¡֪֪һУʲôķӦǱߣҲ˰ɣʺӣһ᲻ҲͻȻأ;ÿЦܶһֻأܶʼ˵Ա֮ʩǣ֪жʹࡣ 
ū֪ʲôҲûãѾߵһ˲𣿡˲ 
̾˵ǰûͷˡ 
Ʊƹϵۣϵ˳ǻ𣿣




ϵۣ2

ʱֵʱ֣ԽԽִٲ֪һнеǷ˳
Ҳ̫żˣżҲûðȰҵ
˵ǵǻʲô⡣һǵļƻʧܣĴﰡ
һˡҲ̫ģϾҪʱ䣬ô׾ƭЩ־ƭϾ͸ˡңΪС飬ơ²ô׾ƭ˵
ǰ
ǲŻȹϵϡǸսݣҾȲ׷ʣôˣɹ𣿡
һˮһ²˵ѽˡҲ֪Ϊʹ಻ϳĥƤ˵ǰ¡
Ǿͺãǣûʲô߰ɣ
ӦûС
ʣǱôˣĵľˡ
۾Щ˸棬𣿡
ҾÿֿЦˣɵģûë²Σһ𣿡
ʲôʱˣҪóȤҽǱѸð¶ˡ
ôףʡ
ȻΪкܶ˶ҵľɲôţֺü˵ϼҸպһ˵һӦ
˵ͳûа׸ɰ
ˣ¾㱸ֻǷˡֻСʵһǾϵۣ
ϾҪˣҶ׼𣿡ʡ
һȫƾָӡ
˵ãǴˡȰźˣฮߺͲܳ
ǡ
ţǸڳһȻϣȰ˵ԼگλԸԼλٷϵҲ١ҼҲǱˡ
һȰš
˵ˣ첻ˣϢɡ죬עǲƽһ졣
ڶһ磬Ҿˡɫ쳣谵¿ҪˡãԵõˡѵүҲ֪콫ҪҲˣ
磬ҽټһ
 
 
λ䣬ؼʱˡҶ׼𣿡 
ǣȫƾԸ 
˵Ҳûʲô÷ԸģһжռƻСȰ˵λʵڲУȡ֮λ䣬ţڲ׾Ȱ˵ϵ£͵ÿˡ 
ǡ 
ˣȥϢɡ¡ 
ȸˡ 
ɢȥҷԸ뿪ฮ 
ʣΪʲô 
˵ϾҪ췭ظˣΣա㲻ûһսϿ뿪ڱȥպú顣 
Ҳ뿪˵ʲôҲҪ㣬 
˵ȥȥѣȥ飬ҲиӦ 
ǰϾҪдսˣ谭ǵġպҲһڼңҲᵣģȥˣһҲáҲȰ 
ūȫԸ 
ڳһж׼׵ˣܷɹ




ϵۣ3

ʱ֣˭ûϢҶƵųĵ
λ䣬׼׵𣿡
ģ׵ˡ
һ˵ôôŰϵۣһҲûиɹô̼顣
ģȻи̼ء˵
ʱһһعȥյ·Եر𳤣ÿﶼڴģﰲҼ˵
ɫԽԽ谵ˣҪ´ˡ
ˡ
̾ү
ʣôҶ켱ˣⲻǰ
ˣȲҪ㲻ԼŰ
˵ҪǺˣȻȥɡ
˵ʲô⽣ӰҶûк¹
Ͱصȴɡ
һһż룬ڣϼݵӼݡ
˵ˣˣȥӭɡ
ǲҪȥӭԼ
УĵģңûλǰȻǻʵۣȻǳӣ࣬ȥӼݰɣȻرһ¡˵
˵˵Ķԣϳӭӣ׼
ˣ˵ôôð޵˰أ֪鲻á
Ͻ𻰡
ͷǰ·
һҡڵ߽ˣһ¡ͷһѾˡʶĲ,ܱߺ˰ȼݣȼݣ
ϣҪٺˣȼݵģ˶ǡʰˡ˵
ǣǵʲô֪֪ʲô߱ﰡ
˵ǵȻ֪򲻵ѣ˭ҲԸȴ治顣ϣģǾûκ˺˼Ҫʦֻϣ˳Ӧ**λ͡
 
 
⾪ʲôλǵʲôˣǽΨһѪ˵λͣʣҪްø˭ 
˵ϣҲ֪ԴǻΪʲôǴĵѡǡ 
ôѵѡҲʲô𣿽ĻʣһˣѡΪҵѪҲд޵ļҲҪܣϵ 
ϴԲӣѡǹҴ¡ѡûдǣóǸǵйļϸϣԼģԴǻΪô󺵣ط֣Щʲô 
ޣޡ 
ϣȲ˺ֻǾãʱʺϹ£λɡ 
ƽһ˵úãǱλǣҪ˭̳дͳأڻûã˭ִ£ 
 
һŤͷҴ߳ 
㣬ʽ㣬㡭 
㻹֪ĪǸŻûüء˵ѽѾˣλ󳼲ǧؽִƳ˵ 
ʣʽ㣬µ𣿡 
λ 
˵ı£λ𣿣




ٶȵǻ1

ձ쳣ţԽԽҲԽԽ
ʽ㣬˵µģ
ЦϣľȲѵģ㲻ǽҶƵϣ˭Ըϵأ˵˵һ£ʵҸûҪ¡ĻȫһҧǽãһɱĪڣԶסܡûôҽλø㣬ΪӦõġأ
ǻʽΪΣ
Ϊ˽İգһ·Ҳˣչʲôӣ㣬ΪµˣȴһвŲʡ
ʽ㣬Ҫλ
˵λʱλԺǳˣȶˣѻλٻ㡣
ң
ǣ㲻ûɣҸղѾ˵ˣֻʱȶɹѹءλģҪˣ𣿡
ʣϣ㻹ԸλɣҪǶ֡
˵أ
Ǿͺðˣ˼֣ӿˣһѽⰴڵء
Ҫʲô
˵ǲ˺ġİɣ࣡
ǡóһֽگ飬߳ȥ۳ԵǻķϳзԹڣĴңٹڴˣֲ̽ϻҵ٣˳Ӧ⣬ʹ´گϽۣΪΪۣŽʣմˣ
ʱңѾϳڳӵ߳š
ꡣ
˵ƽ
лꡣ
ҷԸڼݻع
ݣ
һȺðŴ˻ʹҲò̾һҹ
ֻص˴ǰ޹һжôϤѾ˷ˡ
ŶԣϣȻ̫ˡ
ջعãɾ͸˹
ô֪ˣ
Ȼڰ˵
Цûа취
 
 
˵ϣµǻ̫ˡֵǸͷˣ 
ɣʲô 
ˣɣϽǴһأ춼ôˣҲЪϢˡ˵ 
ǡϣŮпٽ 
˵ɣʱӭ㡣ˣ޻ָͳְλ࣬糯ճ 
ǣˡ 
ߺ󣬲ϴ 
ϣˣǸˡһǰһˡ 
𣿡 
Ȼˡ 
˵治֪ôǶԻǴ 
𣿿϶Ƕ˰ڣǽյĸ 
ҿЦԸɡ 
˲֪ԼףȻʱ˵дʣŵô̼Ϸ氡챣ԺҲҪϷˣ 
յǻٳһǰ 
ϵٶȵǻΪۣȡЩʩȽأ




ٶȵǻ2

糯Щˣôֻĸоأ
ꡣ
˵ƽλ䣬ֵ𣿡
ϣˣдϣϹĿ

Ҵŷһ£˵λʲôԲ𣿡
ԸŻϸ߼
˵ȥϴӹﲦЩֵǮݸšңΪܶලǮķţκε̰졣
ϳּ
ˣҲһȥɡ
лϡ
Ҽ˵УԱְλƷϵģٺ»롣ЩǮȫٴΣ𣬻ʹĿ֧ҲҪ룬ʡǮҲȫ
ǡ
ʰ񣬸ʿ𣬵ط٣ĸ٣ؾŬΥߣּ۴İ취Щˣĵ޿ۼ顣³飬鷿ɣ˳˵
³鷿ż챻ˡ
˵ϣأܷದЩǮ
顣
Ǹ˵ʿӦþǮ
Σˣعٸ೧ÿ췢࣡
ǡ
һһææҸͣһ˿ڲ裬ͻȻһûйʹ
ʣôŵģ
Ǻǰһ
һаǰĹذ죬ĴˣĿ֧ҲҪ롣
𣿡
˵ʲôʵģ޵Ŀ֧ˣʲôеģ
ǡ
깫ѾǺҹˡ˲βϣҲ̫ˣЪϢɡ
˼
ϣ԰˵죬ôأҪôţԲġ
 
 
סĥӲݣֻûطϢһϣϴԷһôȫǾµСģʮ֡ 
Щ˭׼ģʡ 
ػϣŷ 
һµĹЩװʳҪϳȥ˵ 
ˣϣϳ 
ԡ 
Ǹոߵ꣬˽ʳóڳչʾһ 
˵λ䣬޽ϵ緹һҲûгԡ 
Ȼ̿֡ 
û̿֡ǣǵ׻ò޵ʵۣ 
 
𱸵޲Ҫǻ޵ʵۣΪʲô޵ĻԷ磿ո˵Ŀ֧Ҫ룬룡Ȼˣ;ôݻһٷӣһ˵ׯ˼һĿˣݻҷѣѵǹҺܸԣϴֵĵڰ 
ϣȻᾡ¡ 
ãȥ޽һͣͰͨũ͵ı׼׼֮һ仰ճʲô޾ͳʲôΥߣԿּ۴˵ 
䲼ְߣʲôӦأ




1)

˳ֵ
ػϣѾִڼලǮķš
Ǿͺá
ȥҲЩʱˣҺܵǱߵڳϣˡ
ʣôˣ
ϣʳϳԶūôȰҲȰ
˵ϣүз˴ֵϽʳˡ
ùԾͶŰɡҵ
磬ں̲࣬˳ɣʹһ󶯾ǲͣ
ү鷿
󵨣ѵ𣿱ǰҲ칫ôͳˣ
ү⡭ϻء
ô
Ϻæռʱţ㲻ȥš
ǰɣð
үūΪˣòã
ŲűժԴ
ݺ
ǡ
ŭ˽һʹ˵ʽ㣬ѾƵλˣ㻹ʲô⣿
γԣ
γԣʽ㰡ʽ㣬Ҳ֪ˣҪǮǣҲʲôʡٰɡⷹŷǷʳܳ𣿡ⲻ˵
˵ǶܳԣʲôܳԵģͬˣ˼ҾʵȥͲУ;ô𣿻θͱȱ˵Ҫ⣿
ʽ㣬ô˵ҲǸүҲãҲãʼǽĻѪôܺͼһĴ
ЦôĿ㣬ûЩ㲻ͳ˹˾ͳ˭ûЩͶʲôʲôûЩ񣬹һй𣿡
ʽ㣬Щû˵ֻ֪ķʵʲȥ
޶ȥʲôܣ
һ£˵ôܣ
 
 
ڳԷ͹ 
⳯ϳһۣû˵ 
Ҽ˵⣬ԺܲܲҪЩëƤСëڹΣʱڣΪͳߣӦ𵽱ã϶ݻҷѣôõµ˺һڼԼأЩĵʱȣͲЧϴεǻ֮ڹҵϾѾȷĹ涨²۹ٽ׶ôԹԣֻĲһЩ£еĴ󳼶֪㻹Ҫظһ𣿡 
ǻʽ㣬Щˣ˷ѵĻ˷ѡ 
Ҳûǧ˳ֻҪˡ 
ʽ㡭 
ҴҪʵڳԲȥҲǿŷɣ˵޵Ŀ͡ 
ǵģʽ㣬ҲǸ˼ 
ʣУղ˵Ҫժ˭Դ 
ҡ 
򹷻Ҫ˰ 
ͷ첻˵ 
°ɣ޻кܶҪææȥ㡣 
ǡ 
СⰡǻûм죬ûѧᣬѧôԺˡɼĪЩʲôһһΪ᰹һΪȻʺƽأô˴ 
οأ




2

ߺҾþòƽڵ״̬ҸܶʱھͽʵøԼҲһӶʵۣҪλӵģڸô죿ǰԸ˶ûˡ
û̫ʱרעôûзء룬βʱٴγѲ飬ֵôˡ뵽Ⱥټ
λ䣬벻ڹǻرõϢҲʱ׼ȷһֵǿʲô
ϣ΢ΪסǴ֣ңΣϰȫ
˵ΪʲôᱩңΪֲʱֻҪֵĹù칻ãô˱أ
ϣΪԣȫԳʱ΢˽ã飬ܸõġ
޿ɲΪĲųģ
ϲѾˣ顣
Ҳ顣
ҸˣǾͺãȻͳһг̡
ǡ
޹󣬲ϴ
ϣ˵Ҫˣ
ǣҵȥԿ
һ·ϲǶ𣿲Ҳ̶õģﻹҪأ
Цʱǻûпʼֹڣ뿴ûпס
Ӧûðɡˣϵ첻˺ôӦÿԻһЩ˰ɣ
ô˵ǣôãһͿԽġңȥʵؿҲõİ취
ϣ

ϡ
ʣҹèӵİôרϻô˻ؼңɻᵣĵġ
ϣһѲİȫ
˵ȫΪʲôڼɵİȫѵñ𣿡
ǧ֮ϵҵİΣôΣأ϶׼һǰȥ
Ц˺ˣ޴ñˣ޲ȥ֪Ҫأ
 
 
л϶䡣 
ˣȥ֪ͨһ˵ҲҪһǰ 
ɻ󣺡ҲҪȥ 
˵ûȥǽõʱԲܴˡ˵޵ּ⣬ȥͰּ۴ 
ǡ 
ߺ󣬲ңϣΪʲôҪҲȥ֪ոλ֡ū澿¡ 
ҪĸıӦʵ˵һȥһ°յļ࣬δǼ¡ 
ǣеͨ𣿡 
̾Ҳ֪Կɡ 
磬ҴͼӴ󳼳ˡʱֵ磬ǾͽһҷݡҸոԱߵϽлƹģţ⣬ƴϺּ 
ҾúֺЦæҪҪٸŮ찡 
ⲻ˼Цʣ㣬⼸մֲ赭ģʵûˮҲ֪ԴӵʧٺҶûôԹ 
䣬ССسͷ




3

룬СӲúýǾԲˣҪôȰһĽȥһ·̣ʱҲû취áʵǣֲܲõѵҵ취ͻȻһǰݶӹġӢ۴һĶú
뵽˵ðԺһ㲻ʲôҿĲҲǸˮƽˣҲûгԹʲôö
γԣ
ҵ˼ǣԵֲԣ㡣
һ£ʣǣȻɡ
»СҵȦˡ
˵Ǻð㼸С˰ɡƹģҪ㶫ԡ
͹Եʲô˰
ЦȱæųԲˣȳԹӡĸɹʹᡢ۽
ƹʣ֪͹ЩʲôӰ
ɹ֦Բ桢;ʹʱµ;ҪӣҺͽ˿÷;۽Ҫõ١ҩѡ˪ɾ˵ҿ۳⣬þȵҡ
Ҽ˵Ȼ˸ľƲ˰ɡ˸Ʋ˷ֱҪӡѼơ¹ԧţջ˿ȡ׽ӡ
˵󣬲ɵڳе˶˵ˣƹҲվһߣҹⱲӻû˵ôأǻӣֻ˵лл
ƹĲ˼Ц͡͹ٰʵǶԲסˡЩ˵СûУǷԲҲҲˡڻϵĽûУǻҪ˵ء˵ܶطˣյӲù˵һٷҲϡͷЩˡǶԲסλˡ
ҿ⣬ʣ㻹Ҫʲô
Ҳˣͷ˵Ҷƹ˵ƹģùⲻȥҸղǺЦС˾ˡ
ãԵȡ
Աø첲ң˴ĴָС˵ߣʵǸ߰
ͣظ·ϣԶһСš
˯ʱšҾ֪һϾͲðû£һΡ
ʣǣС㣬Ҳǣˣѽԣ
Цʣôˣô״εģ
 
 
ڣ֪ôƺˡ 
ǰһͽʲô𣿡 
㲻Ϊ𣿻ǽðɣ˵ҾҪˣϢУ֪ǳˣѾҪҪл 
˵ʲôνˣʲôôҪȰ֡Ҫġ 
ǡУǡ 
ʲôܲһΰѻ˵꣬Ҫµġ 
ľ𣿡 
һ£˵Ҹ㣬ʵҲ̫õġҳҪѻλ⣬Ϊʼǽ˳ļ̳ˣ뾡ܿЩıعУûʲô᰹ǱߵϢʡ 
ûУ֪ʲôйأ𣿡 
˵ȫǡĵǣ֣Һ᰹֮ΣԽ಻ 
йڣĻӦò̫ܡ 
ǣĪھͲһˡ 
ʲô仯




4

ҵĻҲĬã黹飬ĪأĻ˼ʮ꣬ĿĲΪǽˣ͸ˡ
峿ǻٸ
ãмؾ͵ˡڳ⺰
ƿӣĶǴݲأżмĿ͵·ߡ
صۣأ𱩶ûоطĹٸ˳ȫǼǣѾпˣ̫ˣҲľˡһ⣬ƺЩ
㣬԰ɡ
㲻԰ɡ
ˣҸոճԹƤкܶСӣҰǿųԣأѾܱˣ԰ɡ
ӺƤô԰ɡ
Զһֵڻǫһͷ
Ҹп˵ͷܿһ˵ġһһΪѵʱܿǲİӡ
һ߲
ǰߣҿԼĻ档
һŮѪָһһŮССӣôŰǧץֻΪץֻҰȶˣǰôȰȰȻͱˣ
ǸСһкҪȣһŮæֹСк޺㲻ܺȰⲻʲô⣬Ⱑ㲻ܺȰ
Скŵô
ǸŮһ£һѲ˵ɷǿȣ˭Ҿɱ˭ȣ
ʵڲĿȥתĨᡣ
ãôˣʡ
˵ǳ˸óָǣʵǿȥˡ
ǡ
ǿʼʳңղǶֵܺĸӶֵ˳Եġǧлع¸ͷţүĶ䣬
æͣǲлңҲ֮СӦлģǹùáã
Ļ䣬һȺ˾ͷӵǰְֿݣ氡
 
 
ȻߵѾϰˣǵͷȴĵˮ 
ҶԸղǸŮ˵λɩܿ͢¾ȼԺǧЩɵˣ룬ϵмҪˣ˭չӣ 
Ǹɩ˵λùã˵ףܸ͢ǷپȼǸǧСʵ۸Ͳܰյǻû죡˵͢ˣүҲǡ 
ҲŲסˣ˵ǲ̫Թʵ˰ʲôиðǧģ 
ɩǰǧʲô˵ڻʳǰҲ 
ǺֹҪңҶҴ 
ǣܰյƾʲôʵۣǽѪôǶóū 
ɲҪλŮʵۻھͺˡСʵ۸Ͳλʱʲôʱ 
˵ѽλŮʵֻˣ͢ôľȼġ 
İ̫ˣǸëͷСˣ 
һ˳ 
⿴Ĳ״ǶۣʲôӦ




ڹ1

Ϊۣص״ܲãԶˮֽⲻ˽ʣعٸַȥżල
ϣǾس˽š
ҸոĻر˵ʰ׼ϢˡΪһȻǳ⣡
ʣôˣô˯
е̸
ɡ
ҽ˱ˮˣʣʲô鰡Ҫô˵
ã״Ҳ˰ɣ
ָʲôԼ
˵С˵ʵû뵽ǻôҡȻΪĪԽıƻСʱûڻ峤󣬵ǣҲʳǣʮԽҴû뵽ûзԻô¡죬ֵǫͷӦûšǸȻΪĺӣԼϵǳԣҲţ
ʲôڼȼʱʲôóеʱʵǶĲˣֻԼĺӺͱ˵ĺ˵
ʣΪʲôҪ
ҿЦ˵룬ĸĸĳԼĺӣûпȫ˶ĵֻúͱ˽ӣҳĺӣҵĺӡ
ʲôȻ飿
ҵ⣬ʳΪ죬仰˵˵ˡԲôֵôЧң˵䲻ģһ죬᰹ĴĴˣ״㿿ʲôȥֵԣҲܹ˼ңΪԼҪﾺ棬Ȼ淨˭ûа취ȥΥ⣬ʱҪǲܷգץסǵģ˴ѣǹ¼ҹˣ
ã˼ǣҪģ
 
 
˵Ȼ˵ʵһӶʲôÿһÿһ²Թߵ£Щʧȥĵĵǳ֮𣿰ˮˮۣܸۡЩׯ˺ƽʱۣܲǣƷЩˣΪǱѹȵܲˣŽţǵͲɹˡһǺ۶ϵģһѿӾͺ۶ˡ⣬˵ǽѪǣΪѪû񰮻һأ 
ǣЩˣ˵ĻҲ̫˰ɣô˵Ҳǻʵ۰ȻˡǣҲܶ˴󲻾ɣί˵ 
˵Ƕ㲻û𾴹ǣôѣûȥǣ㶼ûǵƾʲôҪĵλأǻʵôѾ˺ˡҪ֪˺üǿʲô˶ܿǿ־ͦǣȴܴһıˣɲ˵ָͻָġ 
ҸǲҲǻô 
ôҪôʲô壿ǵ˭˵ģңھǣǽлҶ㣡ɽµվ㣡ӦôǵˣǽǵǮǵʳˡ˵ 
⿴ң첻˵ͷ 
첻ˣȥϢɡ 
Ŷãˡ 
߻Լķ䣬һֱڴģŶкܴĴҸղǷƺҲȥˡǣЧ




ڹ2

ڶһûѣڳ
ãɡ
ѵֺ֦ˣſȥŹҵǰ
ŵüæʣ⣬һ
˵ãҴˡ˵ĶԣĲ㣡֪ˣһ棬ƹҰɡ
˵⣬֪ˣ
֪áãǣǵѪǣҲڵĻҵ㼰ʱңҲ˽ࡣҸͷˣ˵žʹؿͷ
Ҽæֹ˺ˣʲôĸĹͺˣڣ㲻ӦҵǸӦЩϵ˵ǸŶ԰
֪ˣáȥ
ȥɡ
ˣæʣãô˰ʲôˣôôһҹ֮ͱˣ
˵Һ̸һΣܼĲ״ҵ֮鶯֮ͨˡ
˵˵ģ̫ˣãҪСܸĹ¾ͺˣ
Ըɡ
ˣȥʲôˣҪҪҸȥ
˵ã˻ᱣڿ϶ȥЩˡֻҪܵõյϿɣǾͺˡ
ãڲòˣ˵ǰƤӶĥˣȰôһ˵أʡ
Цֻ˵˭ὲؼǣصΪ롣Ĳ״¾ʯĳҲˡӦĻһ飬ŻᶮðյĲסҲŻգرˡ
ѽ¿ɺˣСëͷҪĹˣɶĹͣǽĴ󹦳
ʲôҿɲֻܿĺãҾȫˡ
ٶȣҿˣˣãλԺô
˵֪أôˣ
ڹΪľţҪڹ򡣡˵
Ŀǰû룬˼Щôȥˣ̻عɡ
 
 
ʣô죿 
ҵͷšγĿģ˲鿴һ¾پܽ˵ĿǰֵҲۣҲһЩˡأҲܵܶີ꣬ҲûȥˣﻹкܶµǴءοһַǳõԤУ᰹Ǳ߿ܻдǲò 
ʣôõʲôϢ𣿡 
ĿǰûСҪδȻǲò 
˵һᾡ찲عġ 
գǱعˡƺı䣬عԺ顣 
ǵĻرΪѾˡֵĹҲáЩʱգعˡ 
ˣˡ 
лϺ鸣Ѿõơ 
˵˹ûҲǣǸӶΪ˽龫ǣ¿ɼΡҪúõķǡ 
ˡҪǣָҲ٣ǻкܶ๤Ҫ 
˵ĶԡǻҪ鷳һֺˡ 
岻ݴǡ 
лڹ֮ģܸˣֺδ




ڹ3

ֺĹָӣҺڳҹԼյ취ϣֵܵõ㲹Ͱο
ˣһֱ룬ӦΰЩֵˣ
ϣǻָѾǶǵİοˣҲˣõ˻⣬Ѿܸˡ˵
˵ô˵Ȼõ⣬ʧȥվʧȥˣʹ˵룬ܼͨǵĸ
˵׻ϵ˼ˡҲһֱ룬ǲռḳ˰
ḳ˰ֻһ档
ǻϵ˼ǣ
˵⡷˵ߣߣߣǣϲߣӭߣȥ֮񣬲֮㡣
ϣҪǮƣ𣿡
˵ȫǣ˵ôл˵Ź֮;ķ֮֮ˮҲ˲ܣ˧ӷެ׳ȡϸȡ׳ޣŮʮ߲ޣ丸ĸɷʮȡ丸ĸԸ棬ҽ֮ɷ򣬶ƣһȮŮӣƣһࣻˣ֮ĸӣ֮⾡֧ؿ֮ӡӡѸƶߣɹӣʿeӣʳĦ֮塣ķ֮ʿߣ֮ص֬С֮֮ߣ޲JҲ޲fҲ֮ʳ֮֯¡ʮ겻ڹ֮ʳ
ϣϳ˼ˡ
˵ǾͺãگҲᣬ⻹Ҫǡλ䣬ǿҪˣû׼
ﻰǹҰٷϴˣǳԿʱ綼׼ˡ
ĿҪ룬ҪһҲƽ񡣺ˣǿʼɰɡ
Ұҹʵͳߡ԰һƧĽ䣬ҿֽ
֣⣬ʲô
ңش𣺡ϣֽ
ֽ֪˭ֽ˭ȥ𣿡
ȻĿǰûУǣѾˡ
ʣ˵˭

ԭ⣬ô룬ѾοˡȥľȥɣҲҲȥ𣿡
 
 
˵ʽ㣬ãҶԲ㣡Ҹ㣬Ҳᱻ뿪ҵĴҲôˡҲá 
Ѿˣҩģ֮֮⣬ĻڹǾ͹ˡ 
ʽ㣬ҶԲ㣬лʷ򡭡ᵽʹ࣬ҲҵıӦ 
˵⣬ô˵ⲻ˵˭ıӦֻ˵׽ŪĲˣͿԿ⣬ֻҪĵĻڹʽܿ콫λø㡣 
ʽ㣬ô˵һúԶʽ㣬Ҫܰհöࡣһϣʵۡ 
Цʽϲڵϣڰô񣬾Ҫܲڶʱˡ 
򣿡 
˵޸ղźʹ˺ܶйֺߣȥʵʩһܾġ 
ʽ㡭 
˵˺ˣô׸ж׻˵ж᲻ᵯȥɡ޻ᰲһ԰ģ㲻صġ 
ڻָʱ򣬻ʲôشأ




1

ϳҺڳگ鶼ˣܺáھͲʵʩˣһ飬ɲȥ
飬ǣȥƺס
˵ǣҪȻѾĻڹˣ͸һɣģ޲һʵۣҪĲ𣿲ҪôƫҲϣԶǸİ
û˵öԣԶԶ˵ıӣҪꡣ
˵ϳ֮䣬ȷлڹ֮ġϵҲǲɡ顣
顣
ǺãȻҶӦˣǾôˡŴˣѸߣοջãҪϢ磬ͬǰȥ˵
ּ
룬Ըܺúð
˵ɽ׹䷱ǧ꣬ҾùеҲúܿ졣һգۣ͹ȥˡɵĻѾõƣڻָڵοиܸǿˡ
˵ǰһƬáҲƺĸĹˡҺܿͿԹˣԺܱЩѻɽ£ôͺܿġ
кþûˣ֪ĺòãԺ᰹ʲô仯ҵǣ̫ƽûй죬ҾͲòÿÿʱÿ̶ˣνķ˻ǱĪǸȰˡ
᰹
жʱֽšÿ춼оҪĩƵġ⣬ҶöʮǰıݡοҴӵǻڣȻЩ꣬ЩĵĹ͢սȼֱڹҼҡĵ࣬ʮǰĿսĲҾ磬½Ҫˡ
ϣ̽᰹Ѿ⣬߷Խºܿͻ
˵λ䣬ȲҪңţ¾ţȻûд̣ҲǸո˼ʵ𣿡
˵˵ĶԣԼˣ᰹˿ӣϣ᰹ǳĹģ´ҽ֮ƣƲֹۣ
Ƕˡ
 
 
ϣ΢֮ǰǰӳ᰹ŭǡĪǱĲ߻ʮ꣬ǽЩŻˣڻָǿ˵ 
˵˵Ѿûˡƽһֱ㣬ϣԵ޵Ρ߾ԽвжΡ 
 
ƽ㲻Ҫ޻û˵꣬׼ƮȻּΪԶ󽫾ͳǧ߹·ȷ档˵ 
΢ 
λ䣬᰹ѾΣĹͷĹ佫󡣸ղƽѾ˿·ȷ棬࣬ͳһ糿ŴˣڴˣǸ𶽾ศҡʣµһͳ죬˻ƴ˺һʱػʹ˵ 
ϳּ 
ּ 
սҪȼˣ飬ϣǽ࣬أҶ˺ޣѵͲ 
᰹ѾͷӦӦԣ




2

պ󣬱߹ţƮȻѾǿֿǵĴҲѾˡ
ʵϵĪǻû١֮ΣӮҲʣʤ֮䡣ҲôģƺҲ̫СˡǵһξսҲ¡
Һˣƴؽǣæòɿ࣬ϣܵ߹ɱС
ʽ㣬ȥɡ
⣬㲻Ҫˡ̿ɲ顣һиʲô̵ģô죿
ʽ㣬ΣʱڣֻҪѪжͶӦսɱСҲ
˵⣬Ҫģ಻ûãöʮǰɽڲûգΣҲȥա飬飡
֮󣬱߾ԽƮȻǧʣ޼عڣš
ϣƶǽǳĲ
ϣҪҪȼȣ
˵ˣһָϣʲôȣѵȻվǱߵôˣ
ػϣΪƽɳԮ
ΣǶӦ׼
ʣʲô׼˵ӦͶ׼𣿡

˻˵һ㻹˵ʲôȥ̽߹ϢԽԽã
֮᰹Ѿҽླڡ
ϣ᰹ҪˣѾǹҾˡ϶ᡣ
ЩǸʲôԵģûãǣ֪ŻŻţʲôã޵峿޾˵
˵򲻿ɣӦؽǣô׵ؾһ޾
ϣ˵Ķԣ򲻵ѣһֻӮ䣡䲻İ
˵ۣʲô䲻ģʤ˱ҳ£˵޻ûȥô֪أ
 
 
ϣ 
Ұڰ˵ǲȰˣѾϸˣοΪ޶ġ廹ϵˣ˽£Ժ󶼲ðˡ 
ϣ˵Ϊһս͸ӻΣˡ 
Ҳ£һô 
˵ϣǧԼԼ 
䡣ѾˣվʹЩ˱׼ؼңɻ𡣡 
ϣ⻹ң˵ʽ㣬ҪҲҰɣ 
⣬Ļʵڲ˵ˡǽѪڣнڣһжΪҪס㣬סడ 
ʽ㣬֪ΪˣҲŲؿȥˣΪˣǰҵĲԣһᣬȥɡ 
Ȱ⣬Ĳٶ˵ЩʲôˡԾԲ뿪ʹǰôԽлʹһأҪס޵˼𣿡 
ϣǲҲһȥɣ 
ҿЦ㲻Ҫ֣ΪСڹҼǴ̣޷ηηβ˼ɣȥֻﵹæǵˡǲҪΪڻʹû£⣬ǽһϣ𣿡 
˳ʲôأ




3

ڶ죬Һͳ˧ˡ
ճŲãͿһŮӹ·м䡣Ҷһԭɡ
ӣȥɡ
ȥסʣɣʲô첻Ǻ˵ڼҵһ
ʵûа취ڼȣҪһȥ
ǰɿңܹ˵ϣŮˣҸһȥɡ
˵Уɣ̲ǶϷοڻУ̥ô죿
һټӸᵣ£Ӱ̥ϣȱҺͷһȥɡ
Ϊѵ˵ϣңôǺã
ɣԣ޲ȥ˰ɽòչ˺ĸӣ˵
ϣϲҪ
˵ɣⶼΪãҴӦ㣬һƽģȥ
µгֻ̣ʹ˵ˣߡ
ǡ
ɿ޺ű˼ߣÿһһΡһĲ֪ܲٻһͷȥĬĬ룬ټˣҿĻزˡ˵Ǳű̬ȥġ
һ죬ɣĲĲɢޡͦôĶӣһ˾ſô죿һ죬Ȼǡ˵
æǸܾϣⲻУΪѣôܰѶŮ˽鿴ôأ
˵죬Ƕ˵졣ɡ
ϣ˵ʲôˣ𣿻ϣɱңҲҪ
ִӣʵû취ԣֻ
ϣɽƫƫ˴꣬춼Ҫԡ
ϣˣȥϢɡ
ʣǣʿǵأҪô죿
ϣ̫ˣȫͱˣȥϢɡɫˡ
 
 
˵УǵûãҲȥˡ 
˵ϣҪСƢһʱܻܿǿɾǽʧ˰ 
ѵ˾ǽʧʿӦ𣿡ʡ 
ǣϡ 
˵ʲô˵ˡ޾ͺʹһ¶ɽ֣˭ȥ˭ͽȥɣ޵Ķ¶ 
ϡ 
Ҫٸɷϻ޾̸ع 
һûˣֻùԹԵؽȥöҡҲִߣ˵ȥҲȥ 
û磬ֻÿŴʯ 
ҹ˷磬꣬Ǵ̹ǵĺ䡣͸ǰҶֱݲͣشҼѵŤͷߵӶˡȻ˺࣡ܳ˯ôӵܴ࣬ҳ˸̾˻ܸ̾ʲôI׷You 
ҹµĸˣҶͣصҵߡѹֹһ˸УҲ˸жˣôùĻʵۣ帣û죬Դ࣬ô꣬˶龫ȴ˱ѣͱؽΣд̸Ǽҳ㷹ɷڳȥ̣ܶߵȻڴ࣡ 
˳ʲôˣ




4

УԱߡšΣһȻΣ
ʱһ紵оҪҵĹͷҴ˸һᡰ磡磡磡һ硣˵һðҿҪðˡ
ѽô˰
Աͷ˯ˡҲ֪ϵ»͵αҵѣ˵ôģô䰡
б۵˵˵Ϊʲô
תͷң˶һȻı顣ڲŷӦо̰
ϣôˣûʲôʣ
Ҽ˼屶㣬˯Ҳ㣡Ȼ˯š
ϣһҹû˯𣿡
û˵Ϊ㰡
ϢɣȻȥҲаŰɣе˵
ллģˣһˣνˣȥѴҽѰɡóˡ
ǣǡ
˷纮ʵǲˡڳޱҩͣض£ʱʱش硣һͽһΣͷҩʲôġߣ֪ˣﻹε˭ɽ棬˯
г㣬ͿԺǵĴˡһȷʵŪýƣ׼˴Ľϣڻʦ֮ǰǲҪʧ̫ս
Ժڳ˯һ죬һѾˡ
ҡ򿪳е
ʲôԸ
Ҫ߶ðʡ
ˣܵˡʲô𣿡
˵޲ʿǳ𣿡
ճꡣ
Ǿͺãˣж
˵ˣûжġǴˣһʲôУ˵⻰ҲҪע㣬ɲٳǿˡʿǺ£ҲԼ忪Ц
֪ˣץ·ɡ
磬ں˳ʦˡ
μϣϣ˵ˣܿˡ
ұӲͨ˵ûµģֻ˷ðѣʲô˯һͺˣô
 
 
ϣƶǲ 
˵˵ 
һ䣬˻æ˵ϣˣ 
ʣôˣŻŵģ 
ͻȻһȺڳ߸ 
ʲôˣ 
ϣΪİȫڻ쳷˰ɡ 
˵Ūǵѣ˹ʲôã˵Ķ㲻Ҳ޲Ųͷڹһ¾Ͷ㡣 
˵ţ˵˵ϣȥ˭ˣ 
߳񣬿һӻһȾİ£ľµݻ˭ 
ϣ 
Ҽӭȥ˵ɣ㣿ô 
һѽұڻУ˵ѣԹ𣿶ˣϣǰ÷̵Щͽ˵ѣͬУ 
ʲôҪУ 
ɴ÷ǰĽͽУΪλϲǱ




У1

ҵ˵ϣ÷ͽܹĶݣѣӲܣϲҪԥˣǲμӰɡ
ҲһȰңǰϣǽҪͷһ˾Ͷһ
ǺðɡɣдһҪСİ
һġ԰ɣǽ㷢߽İ
ЦЦ˵ϰʱ𣿡
ˣжˡ˲Ļȷʵе****ҪìܣԺٽɡ
˵ðɣڴеǰ޾Ȳ׷㡣̴ˣСĵ㣡
ϣǴϲ֮£ǽȥ̸ɡ
ûãˣȥɣ
ʣôˣ

һɱȥҲæȥһݣͿͦŸվȫۡ
ɣôܵˣ
Ĳ뿪㰡
˵ɣҲǰͽôԼܳˣ
ˡʵǲ⣬͵͵˳
ش󺰵֣ôԶ·һôˣ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪĺɣ
ֻǿޣ˵ΣֻȰͱˣ˶ˣ㻹ʲô˰Ϣ
ͨһ¹£˵ϣŮˣ°ɡ
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ϰô
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صģֺֹλأأôûƼҵģһֹ
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ϣǵ𣿡
ܿɣУ¼ã
 
 
ܿ˵ϣڶˣѵЩܹݵ˻ҪԴ𣿡 
ϣǵ𣿡 
룬Ȼ򣺡ŶǸǸƹļˣ 
ǰϣǵưҸ׿ڶòأڣһӶɱС 
Ӫ࣬һ˵ϣǼ˺֣ǰ 
԰ǼҲһ 
һǸ˵ϣոռλʱͷ˺ˮΪأԿǡ 
ϣǶǵ÷ǸŮļǣֻգǵŮĿ 
ϣллΪǳĶԣǲܹ̫ƽӡ 
ϣҪͬҲɱаɡ 
ǣҲҪս᰹ЩɱƬײ 
һһ˵档ƹ⻰Ȼûд 
ҿ˵ллллҡ 
һ߸пǵߵ£ϣⶼ컯 
Ͷսʲô֣ⷢ




У2

컹ûн״ˡ̽ӻرҾ᰹ڼˮᣬĲɿ
״ôˣʡ
ػϣ֧Ӻ֣񲢲᰹ĿƵģһСӡսʱƺսֻһֱں**˫ֲ¡
˵֧ͼ
˵Ҳô룬ĪΪһУĴƺԸ񡣡
ѵ᰹ͳ˧𣿡ʡ
ˣ᰹ͳ˧Īû𣿡
˵ȷʵĪд
ֹѵʲô仯𣿡
ϣǳɡȥҲǰ취˵
ҡҡͷ˵ܿǸȦףǲǵĵ
˼ǣ
˵޵Щȥ֧ԮǲҪǴ򣬻ҪĿĴ޵ҪĪŵ׸µʲôף
᲻̫Σ˰ˮﲻ¡
˵ˣ㲻Ҫ£ԽսԽ֤⡣
磬̽ӻرϣ֧᰹ľͻȻˡ
ʲôˣʡ
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ʣָʲô
᲻»ˣʡ
ͻȻԣ󺰵ãõͼ
Ǻڳڵͼ˰죬ǵľפںޣ᰹˹غפأ߶ǼˮǴô᲻ǡ
˵λ䣬޲ộԽԽ֣ôо֧Ӻڷɢǵע᲻ǵأȰǵעɢٳ䲻ǴӪ
Ϸеˣӽ̽
ǡ
Цߣջȳ²֣У޵ӽ᰹Ӫһʲôϻر
ǡ
 
 
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ʲôһӵ˶ھ 
ʣʲôˣ˵ôֵֹģĪָĴģרŸס 
˭ڻ֪ǰصĺϣѿȥ̽ʵң᰹ڻƶ 
û˵ˣƺûе 
ͨ˵ 
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ǡ 
λ䣬Ǿ˭ڶ 
ȲӲ²⡣ 
˵Ǿ˵ѾŲµ˭ˣǰԼ뷨дȻһ 
æд 
дˣǾɡ 
һ䣬˽һ̯ҿ˴ҵﶼдһء֡Ӣͬ 
³Ҳս׼ӭսʱ򣬻ʲôأ




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Ц˵ǳ󰡣Ĺսϣοǳġ
ӵǣһ᰹˵ԼҲǻʵۣ㣬Ҳ͸ˡ
Ϊ˭ģ޲ںֻںĽɽܻ޵˵
ϣڸô죿
ʣƽأ
ڸϻʱʱ⵽᰹ɧš
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˵áǻʵ۶Իʵۣܹƽ˼ɽһսˡ
ϣôµģ
ǲ£ӦƽٶȣɽϰɽҪԽԣӦ÷Լĵƣɽסǣһټ𡣡
˵ϣҪСǣˣĪ͹ǹԵףǹҵĵҲǲ˽⡣
԰ô찡
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С˸
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ǰˣǻᾡŬȳȥɡ 
Ӳ˳ȥ棬˫ֺʮﲻͣΪӣ˺ѷεļУҵҲ챻ˡ 
ϣҪһûµġѶȰοҵ 
޸ô죿һж޶ġ 
ɴӺ汧ס˵˵ôΪأ 
ϣˣѲѪˣϣҪ˻Ҫӣ 
һ˹ȥ 
ɾ˳𣿣




(4)

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㻹˵أҶ챻ˣ˭Ĳûεε˰
ûˣҪȥ
ϣȰðɡ
˵ʲôɵģεѣûʲô󲡡ɣ޹ȥ
ǡ
ɷȥԶԶؾͿﱧŸСӤͣضŪȫҸЦݡ
ͷңһ˵ϣôˣ
˾ˣ˵ĸƽ
лϹģ鸣ӦţҽҲϵˡ˵
ЦƣЦĶϲ£ˣһ㣬ˣ
źֻɵЦʣĵĺӣֻ𣿡
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ں壺ϣ⺢ְɡ
԰ϣְɡ
Ц⺢ӵĵȡɣ޿ɲҡ
ϣң˭أȡһɡ
룬˵Ȼо̵ʱģͽоɣǾô
źӹ˵лϴСҪסҲҪ󽫾һ
˵Цţϣˣ᰹Ĵɱˣ
˾㵡
˵ҲҪţǵˣ
쵽ɽˣ
 
 
Ȼ޵ϡˣټȺԲߡУ˽˺ͺӻͻؾǣ 
ǡ 
˵ϣҲƽɣɽǽ档 
Ҳô롣޵̰ӪҪɽһս 
˵ϣ򲻿ɣɽóȥɣϻش˵رȽϱա 
ǰǹҵðΣա 
˵ðһճĺӾûе𣿡 
ǻϡ 
ҴϣȰˣϣ˭ҪȰޣ֪һɽأǲȥ᰹𣿡 
ϣһ鲻ȥŻϹǲǳ˴£ 
ҡҡͷģ鲻ֲս˵ˣ޸ҵһɽȥء 
ƽѾˡ 
˵ã̳ 
ҵɽˡһ·Ҷ룬һΣĻԶزȥˡڽ棬˭䣬Ķһң 
͹ɽɳϻʲô˵£




⣨1

˼룬˵ϣɽͷ͵ɽˡ
֪ˡǿ㣬֮ǰϵ
˵ϣ𣿡
ʣʲô
Ҫɽһս𣿻ϣһ仰ʵشңǲǱűľȥģ
룬˵ɡ
˵ˣҼ˵㲻Ҫ̫ģǱűľģҾҪȥѼ׼á
Ҫʲô
׼׼
ʱֵ磬ǲҲɽ
ϣǰ𣿡
˵ȻˣͲؼˡǾȰɡŲ磬Ǳ߾ͻˡ
ϣҪԴ𣿡
ԴУԲӦ䡣ˣ޵װҪϡ
·˳ȴ᰹Ĵ
ϣ᰹ʮ⣬ܿͿԸϹ.
ãء
һʱǰһƬǰģǹ飬һҲһװ뵽һȥˡ
վһ˵½ʻʵӭ᰹Զʵ۹顣
ʧ
Զۣĵɱҽڣ֪кιɣ
Īһ߽СѾͷ㱾¹İӻ飬ϵۣạ̊́Ļʵһ£ȫռˣ
˵ǰⶼǰͣӻˣֻԶӻ飬ͲӻԱ֮ʩǷϵˣѵǲǴˣѵǲ뿿ǽǷУ޽оˣ
ãбҪ𣿡
˵Զۣûʲôãֻнʡ뵽һȥˣɽǾսĵط
˵ʲôΪǻ𣿺ߣһôɾʹ˹ڡĪ˵
 
 
ЦΪǶĹͣڽԵ˼ʮ꣬װ 
ϣǲҪϻǴȥɱСѾͷٴϣ˽ 
ҿ˭˺ǻϣһʮӿǰ棬ҳѲʶˣһǽ 
ҾȣǣǸʲô 
˵ϣҪû㣬Ѿˣǵǻģ˭Ҫ˺ȴ̤ȥɡ 
ĪǱЦϣѾͷԵôˡ 
ã޴ûҪ˺㡣 
ԶۣǾӣôֱ˵ɡ 
ĪʲôôȻǳȥɱ㣡ȻȡĽɽ 
ӵҾɱ㣡 
Һס˲㣡Զۣ޲ϣ˷ʱˣЩɡ 
ãҪƴһ𣿡 
Զۣɡ 
ĵסĹӺǽڻ£ҽعҡĬˣҳ䲻һ䣡ಡһ˳ȥ 
һⳡսĽֻģ




⣨2

˼һΪһһɱ顣ҼͷһתòƫĪĿڡ
Ī
Īڸûзһ
Ī˵Īôˣôˣ
ϣǣѾͷģˡ
ĪҪͦס
Īɴ۾ң۵ĲţϢ˵ѾͷŰˣ㣬ʲôʵۣӮˣҲ͵ģ㲻߳𣿡
Ц͵Ҳ𣿵˭Ҫ͵Ľɽ˵߳ܣ㲻֪߳ܣ޲֪߳ܣһðģǽͽԶۣҲΪߣǹһкչ𣿵ңôܿ϶պ᲻ᱳ㣿
һȲСֲ֧סˡ
ʣϣǧҪСŮӮңңҴĻô꣬ΪΪˣܹư¡Ī϶˵㲻ܣţŹСŮĪ᰹Ĺǣҵȫ̼ƻѾͷҽˡĪޣܣܸȻԸĪ
ĪҪס
ĪݺݵصңеСŮѾͷ㣬㡭
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˵ĺĪأѵĺɵҪȡ཭ɽ°ߣͼɱڡΣҲʹǽ෢İɣ
á
Զۣ޸ղɱǽͽڣҾʤʱԶۣһʤɡղһǶһ˭˶ҪĸԸ˵
ãҪô𣿡
бۿһ߲Զļĺ˵Զۣɽɽӣڸ֣ȪӣɽҪ죬ȪӣҪ»ȪԶۣȻѡĻᣬһܴ
ϣҪȰ
ǱҲȰϣҪĪѾˣǻǴӳɡ
Ҷã˵ҲãĶԹһ˰ɡ
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˵ˣù
ϣļ²ǻǴӳ顣
ǱȰǣûбҪƥ֮°˵һշްնɱɷ𣿡
 
 
ҲȰϣ֮£շɡ 
ҿЦ죬ûɷӣеֻǶԹѾƣ˵Ļʵۣ޽첻ǷҪ˭ֻǣ޲ĶԹôһشȥõĽ취 
˵Ķԡɣͬʱ֡ 
Һͬʱ˼׼ԷҺһ 
һֵĻ䣬ҵļѾ˳ȥ󾪣һҲһ 
ҵļ׵ñϣļҵͷ˹ȥ˺һŴϡ 
˵ʻʵȡ᰹Զʵ۹ͷӴˣԹһʹԶۣվս˽ڣ 
˵ҲﳤȥڱķӦҲ֪ˡ 
ػĶԹعʲôľ 
עƤŮʡʴ֣ 
ܷĹ£δȥδӣ͹ܷճɾ 
ʴֲݴ




֡ƪ֮Ȼɽ1

ڶǰͷսĪؽˡûгתʱһɱң᰹ľҲûٴǲ֤һжôأ
ʣϣղŵһǲǶ֮УǲѾԤˣ
ûлشҲش
ǵķǰУһ·ϣʲô˵Ժ󣬵⡣
⣬ɺͺӣǶڳӭҡ
ӭϿ
˵ˣȥɡ
Ʋ˶ǰߣһ̾Ϣ
糯һλ䣬лǶ޵ĸͶԽġ࣬ˣϢˡѾĸĹ£ϣܸһᡣޣҪλˡ
һƬȻֻ˵Ϊ龫ǣǸúúϢˡ顣
Ǻãһλگ顣飬պλУһＺگɡ
֮󣬽ʵλＺگ۽⼴λָաšͨϡʵ͹ս
ѩȻƮš֪ǰǰããһƬˡվе⡣ҳ
ʽ㣬Ĳ𣿡
Ц⣬ڳˣҲˡϣԺһûʵۡ
ʽ㣬ڹɣ޿չ㣬㻹Ľ﹫ңι֮кܶطҪء
⣬¶ǰġǰҲͷһ⵱ʵͺˡ˵
ʣʽ㣬ȥ
֮ǰһ¶¿϶кܶһĹ¶޿뿪һ¶Ժ
ʽ㣬Ǻ⣡޻ġ
ЦҾ͸мˣ
ˣʽ㣬һ²
ʣʲô
˵ʽ㣬죬᰹ɽʱԤˣ𣿡
 
 
˵̹׵˵ڴģһҲΣյһġҶĵǹͲԽ࣬˺ңȻһеķպܴһû˿û׼нǧǧİաԣҲҪһɱĪڣһ̱شɡҼȲ뿴İܿ࣬Ҳ뿴᰹İܿࡣΪսͳߣܺ޹ˡ 
ʽ㣬ôһ˵ĺƾʲôҪأ 
˵ҵΨһǹ飬ҶĵġûаҲǸʴȵĵҲ뿴Ѫɺӵĳ档οӡ 
ʽ㣬ίˣΪ뿪İˡҲζ 
ЦԺͺúöԴǡˣҪˣټ 
߰ɣ᲻ 
ԣסֲԶھǵıԺֲǵĺȥˡһԾعǣҲȥҰ 
ǰҾǧлҲܰŹĸм֮顣Ҫأ 
һġұأˡٻᣡ 
ٻᣡ 
ʽ㣬Ҫ 
һɵˣ˵޹һᣬ˦ôһоҪˡ 
ߵйſڣͿһϤ




֡ƪ֮Ȼɽ2

СÿడȥˣôòŻؼң˼Ҷˣڳҷǡ
Һ޶㡣˵
ЦǸʲôֲǵߣﻹǽǣֻǴӹᵽ˱ԺбҪŪô˸𣿻УٹˣúñŤǽðɡ
ǲ˸УΪˣԼϲˣٱһѵѹô˵
ǺãȻʹʹغȼ
ҹһӲ˺ʹһȾơ
ҵôöû³ˣ֪˲ûС˷ܵ˵
˵ÿ˲ãôãҶأǳãó
գգ۾ʵãĿҲأôһûм
ʣʲôҲ˰
ɤӣ˵ĸɹʹᡢ۽ɹ֦Բ桢;ʹʱµ;ҪӣҺͽ˿÷;۽Ҫõ١ҩѡ˪ɾȻ˸ľƲˣ˸Ʋ˷ֱҪӡѼơ¹ԧţջ˿ȡ׽ӡ
˵һ˶Ц
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ɱ
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ŲߵͥԺУѩѾͣˣɫԵ쳣
û˯
ôˣȥ˯
Цʲô
˵ûʲô
ʵ˵Ҳ֪϶ǰ顣࣬ڣ𣿡
ʲôʱôˣ
 
 
̾ô࣬ܵѧʲô˰ɡҺɣȻǡڣҺٰüǳгЩˣҲˣƽƽҸˣã̹׵˵ࣿ 
ҹϵػش𣺡ڣʵҷúأһӶᾭ£ʱȫˣĺˣ࣬ڵʵۣڰϹ飬ÿһ 
ǾͺáãԲҹִðһ˾ҪõȫҶˡǾɵҸ֮סãĶԲ𡣡 
ûʲô׾ͺá 
˿˵ѽڴҶԲˣͲˣҲҸͺˡ 
ҾںҸ 
ҵ˼ǣиҸãҲҺҴģ 
ʣʲô 
Ĳ꣬һǳǳҸġ 
ЦðľͶģ˵ʲô 
ˣԶҸˣͱڻҪҸ 
Һ˵лл㣬ҵ 
ҲҪлл㣬ҵĵƤŮʣ




֡ƪ֮˵

˵
˵㲻ټį
˵
˵㳣
˵į
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԰԰Ҳʵ
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˵Ϊ˺ܶ£Ǹûʵۣù˵ûʵۣҪûй¶
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˵¼ü߽
˵÷̵ڶͽڶر֣ʵͽũҲеḷ̌еİʦѧȥˡ
˵Īˣеĺ¡أһġ
˵ʱ࣬ԽԽ¡
˵Ϻ乬ﷴʡһ
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࣬ƵھŸͷˣ˵˺ܶ£кõģҲлġֻ˵
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ʣãǲǵǰĶģ
˵Ȼǵˣȥˣʱĺܿ찡
 
 
ô˭Ӯˣ 
˵֪ 
˵˭ӮҸ 
ҲСȻҸ 
Ϊʲôô˵ 
˵𣿡 
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˵Զ۹λλ˻ʳӣ̫ϻˡ 
Ц̫ϻʲǺϵô͵̫ϻʵİ 
ҲˣҲϢˡһ 
һعͷ 
飬㣿 
ôϲ𣿡 
ʣô 
ҸղŲ˵ˣҪϢˡһ𣬺úõϢһӣô 
СҪˣɵ 
˵ģﶼȥ 
齫ӵСҵᣬΪʲôֵ֪ڵˮ۵ģҸġ 
ҴںҸĺҸ 
 
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